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+ page-break-before: always; +} +div.title-page { + text-align: center; + page-break-before: always; + page-break-inside: avoid; + margin: auto; +} +@media screen and (max-width: 1500px) { +div.title-page { + font-size: 90%; +} +} +.x-ebookmaker div.title-page { + font-size: 90%; +} +.transnote {background-color: #E6E6FA; + color: black; + font-size:smaller; + padding:0.5em; + font-family:sans-serif, serif; +} +table { + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; +} +table.toc { + max-width: 40em; +} +table.toc td { + padding-top: 0.25em; + padding-bottom: 0.25em; + padding-right: 0.4em; + word-spacing: 0.1em; +} +table.index { + width: 25em; +} +table.index td:first-child { + text-align: left; + text-indent: -1em; + vertical-align: top; +} +table.index td:nth-child(2) { + text-align: right; + vertical-align: top; +} +table.abbrev td:nth-child(3) { + padding-left: 1em; +} +td, td > p { + margin-top: 0.25em; + line-height: 1.1em; +} +.tdl-top { + text-align: left; + vertical-align: top; + } +.tdr-bot { + text-align: right; + vertical-align: bottom; + } +.tdr {text-align: right;} +.tdc {text-align: center;} +.width3 { + width: 3em; +} +</style> +</head> +<body> +<div style='text-align:center'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 75659 ***</div> +<div class="page"> +<p class="center">FLORA OF THE SUDAN</p> +</div> + +<hr class="chap"> + +<div class="title-page"> +<h1>Flora of the Sudan</h1> + +<p class="center spaced17 space-below15"><span class="med">BY</span><br> +<span class="xxlarge">A. F. BROUN,</span><br> +<span class="less"><em>Formerly Director of Woods and +Forests</em>,</span><br> +<span class="med">AND</span><br> +<span class="xxlarge">R. E. MASSEY,</span><br> +<span class="less"><em>Government Botanist</em>.</span> +</p> + +<p class="center spaced17 space-below15"><span class="med"><em>With a Conspectus +of Groups of Plants and Artificial Key to Families</em></span><br> +<span class="small">BY</span><br> +J. HUTCHINSON, F.L.S.,<br> +<span class="small">ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW.</span></p> + +<hr class="decor width3"> + +<p class="center med"><em>Published with the consent of the Sudan +Government.</em> +</p> + +<hr class="decor width3"> + +<p class="publisher"><span class="less">Obtainable from</span><br> +<span class="small">THE CONTROLLER, SUDAN GOVERNMENT OFFICE,<br> +WELLINGTON HOUSE, BUCKINGHAM GATE,<br> +LONDON, S.W.I.</span> +</p> + +<p class="center med"><span class="sc">Price p.t. 50 or 10/-</span> +</p> + +<p class="center less">1929.</p> +</div> + +<div class="page"> +<p class="center space-above2 spaced17"><span class= +"small letter-spaced01">MADE IN ENGLAND<br> +BY</span><br> +<span class="med sc">Thomas Murby & Co., 1, Fleet Lane, London, +E.C.4.</span> +</p> +</div> + +<hr class="chap"> + +<h2><span class="pagenum" id="Page_v">[v]</span>CONTENTS</h2> + +<table class="toc"> +<tr> +<td> +</td> +<td class="tdr med">PAGE</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="tdl-top hang1"><span class="sc">Preface</span> +</td> +<td class="tdr-bot"><a href="#pref">vii</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="tdl-top hang1"><span class="sc">Abbreviations</span> +</td> +<td class="tdr-bot"><a href="#abrev">x</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="tdl-top hang1"><span class="sc">Glossary of Botanical +Terms</span> +</td> +<td class="tdr-bot"><a href="#glos">1</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="tdl-top hang1"><span class="sc">Conspectus of Principal +Groups of Plants as arranged in this Flora</span> +</td> +<td class="tdr-bot"><a href="#consp">15</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="tdl-top hang1"><span class="sc">Key to the Families of +Dicotyledones</span> +</td> +<td class="tdr-bot"><a href="#keydico">16</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="tdl-top hang1"><span class="sc">Key to the Families of +Monocotyledones</span> +</td> +<td class="tdr-bot"><a href="#keymono">45</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="tdl-top hang1"><span class="sc">Systematic Enumeration +of Families, Genera and Species</span>:—</td> +<td> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="tdl-top hang2">Gymnospermæ</td> +<td class="tdr-bot"><a href="#gymno">48</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="tdl-top hang2">Angiospermæ:—</td> +<td> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="tdl-top hang3">Dicotyledones</td> +<td class="tdr-bot"><a href="#dico">49</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="tdl-top hang3">Monocotyledones</td> +<td class="tdr-bot"><a href="#mono">365</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="tdl-top hang1"><span class="sc">Indexes to Native +Names</span>:—</td> +<td> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="tdl-top hang2">Arabic Names</td> +<td class="tdr-bot"><a href="#indara">486</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="tdl-top hang2 word-spaced10">Hadendowa „</td> +<td class="tdr-bot"><a href="#indhad">490</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="tdl-top hang2 word-spaced10">Rashida „</td> +<td class="tdr-bot"><a href="#indras">491</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="tdl-top hang2 word-spaced10">Nuba „</td> +<td class="tdr-bot"><a href="#indnub">491</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="tdl-top hang2 word-spaced10">Dinka „</td> +<td class="tdr-bot"><a href="#inddin">492</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="tdl-top hang2 word-spaced10">Jur „</td> +<td class="tdr-bot"><a href="#indjur">493</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="tdl-top hang2 word-spaced10">Golo „</td> +<td class="tdr-bot"><a href="#indgol">493</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="tdl-top hang2 word-spaced10">Bari „</td> +<td class="tdr-bot"><a href="#indbar">494</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="tdl-top hang2 word-spaced10">Hameg „</td> +<td class="tdr-bot"><a href="#indham">494</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="tdl-top hang2 word-spaced10">Nuer „</td> +<td class="tdr-bot"><a href="#indnue">495</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="tdl-top hang2 word-spaced10"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_vi">[vi]</span>Shilluk „</td> +<td class="tdr-bot"><a href="#indshi">495</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="tdl-top hang2 word-spaced10">Burun „</td> +<td class="tdr-bot"><a href="#indbur">495</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="tdl-top hang2 word-spaced10">Bongo „</td> +<td class="tdr-bot"><a href="#indbon">495</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="tdl-top hang2 word-spaced10">Zande „</td> +<td class="tdr-bot"><a href="#indzan">495</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="tdl-top hang2 word-spaced10">Krej „</td> +<td class="tdr-bot"><a href="#indkre">496</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="tdl-top hang2 word-spaced10">Indogo „</td> +<td class="tdr-bot"><a href="#indind">496</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="tdl-top hang2 word-spaced10">Tuku-Tuku „</td> +<td class="tdr-bot"><a href="#indtuk">496</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="tdl-top hang2 word-spaced10">Kaliko „</td> +<td class="tdr-bot"><a href="#indkal">496</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="tdl-top hang2 word-spaced10">Makraka „</td> +<td class="tdr-bot"><a href="#indmak">496</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="tdl-top hang1"><span class="sc">Index to Generic +Names</span> +</td> +<td class="tdr-bot"><a href="#indgen">496</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="tdl-top hang1"><span class="sc">Index to Family +Names</span> +</td> +<td class="tdr-bot"><a href="#indfam">501</a> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<hr class="chap"> + +<h2><span class="pagenum" id="Page_vii">[vii]</span><a id= +"pref"></a>PREFACE</h2> + +<p>In the Appendix of his Report on the Forests of the Sudan, +published in 1901, Mr. C. E. Muriel, of the Imperial Indian Forest +Service, gave a list of the more common trees and shrubs and of a +few other plants, together with short descriptions and statements +on their uses and economic value, also their Arabic and, where +possible, the Hameg names.</p> + +<p>At the end of that year the Sudan Government gave me the +appointment of Director of Woods and Forests. At that time only few +of the volumes of the Flora of Tropical Africa had appeared and the +earliest ones were already antiquated. During the numerous journeys +taken by me in various parts of the Sudan, my wife and I were able +to collect a large number of plants, making at the same time notes +of their names in various languages of the Sudan, and their +economic and other uses. I also received considerable help, as +regards Golo names, from the late Mr. S. Skirmunt, then Deputy +Inspector of Forests in the Bahr el Ghazal Province. By 1906 I had +gathered sufficient material both from my trips and from the Kew +Herbarium to draw up a rough “Catalogue of Sudan Flowering Plants,” +giving short descriptions, a number of vernacular names and some +economic and other uses, many of which were obtained from Watt’s +Dictionary of Economic Products.<a id="FNanchor_1"></a><a href= +"#Footnote_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> As it was somewhat hastily +got up it was printed by the Sudan Government not for general +circulation, but for the use of Sudan officials only.</p> + +<p>During the years which followed, up to my retirement in 1910, I +was able to add to the list a considerable number of names both +scientific and vernacular. I am indebted for the help I received, +as regards Kordofan<span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_viii">[viii]</span> plants, to Mr. H. B. MacMichael, of the +Sudan Civil Service, and, as regards the Red Sea littoral, to Mr. +Cyril Crossland, at that time Marine Biologist to the Sudan +Government.</p> + +<p>After my retirement Mr. R. E. Massey was appointed, in 1912, +Sudan Government Botanist, and I had the good fortune of securing +his co-operation in bringing out a more complete Catalogue of the +Flowering Plants of the Sudan. Mr. Massey, by his presence on the +spot, and by his technical knowledge, has been able to give to the +present Catalogue a greater completeness and finish than I should +have been capable of unaided; he was also able to get further +assistance from other persons in the Sudan. He particularly and +gratefully acknowledges the help he received from Mrs. Crowfoot, +wife of Mr. J. W. Crowfoot, Director of Education, in a variety of +ways, such as collections of plants, Hadendowa and other vernacular +names, and drawings and paintings of plants. A number of Dinka and +Shilluk names were also given by Mr. H. C. Jackson, of the Sudan +Civil Service, and Nuer names by the late Major Stigand. A +collection of plants of the Burun country, with their vernacular +names, was received from Dr. Kamar, of the Egyptian Army, a further +collection by Mr. Sillitoe, superintendent of Gardens, Khartoum, +from the Lado District, and one from Admiral Lynes, C.B., C.M.G., +in Darfur, mostly in the region of the range of mountains, called +Jebel Marra, which attains an elevation of over 10,000 ft., and +bears a flora quite distinct from all other parts of the Sudan.</p> + +<p>The Catalogue was at first compiled without any descriptive +matter, but Mr. R. Hewison, Director of Agriculture and Forests, +Sudan Government, speaking on behalf of that Government, which is +defraying the costs of printing this book, expressed an opinion +that it would be more useful to officials in the Sudan if short +descriptions were added. In order, therefore, to supply these as +quickly as possible we depended very largely on descriptions in the +Flora of Tropical Africa, which we shortened considerably. My wife +and I worked this out as far as and including the Cyperaceæ, and +Mr. Massey undertook to do the grasses, part only of which have +as<span class="pagenum" id="Page_ix">[ix]</span> yet appeared in +the Flora. He desires to acknowledge the aid received from Mr. C. +E. Hubbard in the preparation of the key to the Grasses. Mr. J. +Hutchinson kindly helped us with plants in the Kew Herbarium which +have not been described in the Flora. But a further acknowledgment +is due to Mr. Hutchinson. He has regrouped the Natural Orders +according to the system described in his recent book, <em>The +Families of Flowering Plants, I. Dicotyledons</em>,<a id= +"FNanchor_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> and +has also furnished a key to the Classification, thus bringing this +book into line with all the African Regional Floras which are to be +taken in hand. He has also consented to look over the proofs. Our +most cordial thanks are due for his help.</p> + +<p>My wife has been constantly associated with me in my share of +the work from the time when we collected material in the Sudan +until now, and deserves also to earn her share of whatever credit +may be given for this work.</p> + +<p>Finally, I wish to record the debt of gratitude which we owe to +Dr. Hill, Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, to Mr. +Cotton, the Keeper of the Herbarium, to Dr. Stapf, the late Keeper, +and to the Staff of the Herbarium, most particularly Mr. C. H. +Wright, Mr. Dunn, Miss Hughes, and Mr. Skan for the numerous acts +of kindness and help which they have given us, making thus our work +light and pleasant.</p> + +<p class="right pad-right2">A. F. BROUN.</p> + +<p class="nind">“<span class="sc">Oaklands</span>,”</p> + +<p class="pad4"><span class="sc">Ampthill</span>,</p> + +<p class="pad6"><em>Dec. 18th,</em> 1925.</p> + +<p class="space-above15"><span class="sc">Note</span>.—Owing to +various causes, for which we are not responsible, the printing of +this book has been considerably delayed. Mrs. Crowfoot, to whom +reference has been made above, is now bringing out a companion +volume to this, containing drawings of various plants from the +Northern and Central Sudan.</p> + +<p>My dear wife, who shared all my work, died on the 11th April, +1927.</p> + +<p class="right pad-right2">A. F. BROUN.</p> + +<p class="nind"><span class="sc">Ampthill</span>,</p> + +<p class="pad4"><em>March 20th,</em> 1928.</p> + +<hr class="chap"> + +<h2><span class="pagenum" id="Page_x">[x]</span><a id= +"abrev"></a>ABBREVIATIONS.</h2> + +<table class="abbrev" id="tababbrev"> +<tr> +<td>ab.</td> +<td>stands for</td> +<td>about</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>acumin.</td> +<td class="tdc word-spaced10">„ „</td> +<td>acuminate</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>alt.</td> +<td class="tdc word-spaced10">„ „</td> +<td>alternate</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>anth.</td> +<td class="tdc word-spaced10">„ „</td> +<td>anther or anthers</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>artic.</td> +<td class="tdc word-spaced10">„ „</td> +<td>articulate</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>cal.</td> +<td class="tdc word-spaced10">„ „</td> +<td>calyx</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>capit.</td> +<td class="tdc word-spaced10">„ „</td> +<td>capitulum</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>caps.</td> +<td class="tdc word-spaced10">„ „</td> +<td>capsule</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>cm.</td> +<td class="tdc word-spaced10">„ „</td> +<td>centimetre</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>cor.</td> +<td class="tdc word-spaced10">„ „</td> +<td>corolla</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>diam.</td> +<td class="tdc word-spaced10">„ „</td> +<td>diameter</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>excl.</td> +<td class="tdc word-spaced10">„ „</td> +<td>excluding</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>filam.</td> +<td class="tdc word-spaced10">„ „</td> +<td>filament or filaments</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>fl.</td> +<td class="tdc word-spaced10">„ „</td> +<td>flower or flowers</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>fld.</td> +<td class="tdc word-spaced10">„ „</td> +<td>flowered</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>fol.</td> +<td class="tdc word-spaced10">„ „</td> +<td>foliolate</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>foll.</td> +<td class="tdc word-spaced10">„ „</td> +<td>follicle or follicles</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>fr.</td> +<td class="tdc word-spaced10">„ „</td> +<td>fruit or fruits</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>ft.</td> +<td class="tdc word-spaced10">„ „</td> +<td>foot or feet</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>hermaphr.</td> +<td class="tdc word-spaced10">„ „</td> +<td>hermaphrodite</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>heterog.</td> +<td class="tdc word-spaced10">„ „</td> +<td>heterogamous</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>homog.</td> +<td class="tdc word-spaced10">„ „</td> +<td>homogamous</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>hypog.</td> +<td class="tdc word-spaced10">„ „</td> +<td>hypogynous</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>in.</td> +<td class="tdc word-spaced10">„ „</td> +<td>inch or inches</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>incl.</td> +<td class="tdc word-spaced10">„ „</td> +<td>including</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>infl.</td> +<td class="tdc word-spaced10">„ „</td> +<td>inflorescence</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>interpet.</td> +<td class="tdc word-spaced10">„ „</td> +<td>interpetiolar</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>invol.</td> +<td class="tdc word-spaced10">„ „</td> +<td>involucre</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>l.</td> +<td class="tdc word-spaced10">„ „</td> +<td>leaf or leaves</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>lanc.</td> +<td class="tdc word-spaced10">„ „</td> +<td>lanceolate</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>lin.</td> +<td class="tdc word-spaced10">„ „</td> +<td>linear</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>obl.</td> +<td class="tdc word-spaced10">„ „</td> +<td>oblong</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>obov.</td> +<td class="tdc word-spaced10">„ „</td> +<td>obovate</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>opp.</td> +<td class="tdc word-spaced10">„ „</td> +<td>opposite</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>pan.</td> +<td class="tdc word-spaced10">„ „</td> +<td>panicle or panicles</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>ped.</td> +<td class="tdc word-spaced10">„ „</td> +<td>peduncle or peduncles</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>pedic.</td> +<td class="tdc word-spaced10">„ „</td> +<td>pedicel or pedicels</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>per.</td> +<td class="tdc word-spaced10">„ „</td> +<td>perianth</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>pet.</td> +<td class="tdc word-spaced10">„ „</td> +<td>petiole or petioles</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>rac.</td> +<td class="tdc word-spaced10">„ „</td> +<td>raceme or racemes</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>recept.</td> +<td class="tdc word-spaced10">„ „</td> +<td>receptacle</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>segm.</td> +<td class="tdc word-spaced10">„ „</td> +<td>segment or segments</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>st. or sta.</td> +<td class="tdc word-spaced10">„ „</td> +<td>stamen or stamens</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>stip.</td> +<td class="tdc word-spaced10">„ „</td> +<td>stipule or stipules</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>suborbic.</td> +<td class="tdc word-spaced10">„ „</td> +<td>suborbicular</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>undershr.</td> +<td class="tdc word-spaced10">„ „</td> +<td>undershrub</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<hr class="chap"> + +<h2><span class="pagenum" id="Page_1">[1]</span><a id= +"glos"></a>GLOSSARY OF BOTANICAL TERMS</h2> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">abruptly pinnate</span>, when +the leaflets are arranged in pairs along the rhachis of a compound +leaf without a terminal one.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">acaulescent</span>, without +stem or apparently so.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">accrescent</span>, applied to a +calyx or corolla, enlarging after flowering.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">achene</span>, a dry +indehiscent, one-seeded fruit.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">acicular</span>, +needle-like.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">aculeate</span>, prickly and +pointed.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">acuminate</span>, narrowed at +the apex into a long point.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">acute</span>, tapering to a +sharp point.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">-adelphous</span>, suffix used +to show the number of bundles of stamens there are in a flower +where these are joined by their filaments; see <span class= +"bold">monadelphous</span>, <span class="bold">diadelphous</span>, +<span class="bold">polyadelphous</span>.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">adhesion</span>, the union of +dissimilar parts of a flower, <em>e.g.</em>, calyx and ovary.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">adnate</span>, attached through +their whole length, usually the smaller to the greater.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">adpressed</span>, see +<span class="bold">appressed</span>.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">æstivation</span>, the +arrangement of sepals and petals in bud.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">agglomerate</span>, crowded +together in a bunch.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">alternate</span>, applied to +leaves when only one issues from each node and the next above or +below is on another side of the stem.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">amplexicaul</span>, when a +leaf, stipule or bract embraces the stem.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">ampulliform</span>, +flask-shaped.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">andrœcium</span>, the male +organs of a flower, considered as a whole.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">-androus</span>, suffix used to +show the number of stamens, <em>e.g.</em>, pentandrous, with 5 +stamens.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">annual</span>, a plant which +lives only one year.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">anterior</span>, in front.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">anther</span>, the upper part +of a stamen, bearing pollen.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">anticous</span>, foremost.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">apetalous</span>, flowers +without petals.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">apex</span>, the tip.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">apiculate</span>, with a small +hard point at the tip.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">appressed</span>, pressed close +to something else.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">aril</span> or <span class= +"bold">arillus</span>, a fleshy covering of some seeds.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">aristate</span>, when the point +of a leaf is fine like a hair.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">articulate</span>, jointed and +separating freely.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">ascending</span>, sloping +upwards.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">auricles</span>, appendages at +the base of the leaf-blade.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">awn</span>, a thread-like +extension of a seed or other organ (as in barley).</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">axil</span>, the angle formed +at the attachment of a leaf or a flower to the stem.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">axillary</span>, arising from +the axil.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">axile</span>, of ovules when +attached to the central axis of the ovary.</p> + +<p class="hang1 space-above15"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_2">[2]</span><span class="bold">barren</span>, when a flower +produces no seed or pollen.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">basifixed</span>, when an +anther is attached by its base to the filament.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">berry</span>, a pulpy fruit +containing one or several seeds.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">biennial</span>, a plant living +for two years only.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">bifid</span>, 2-cleft.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">bipinnate</span>, when the +divisions of a pinnate leaf are again pinnate (<em>e.g.</em> +<span class="bold">Acacia</span>).</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">bipinnatifid</span>, when the +segments of a pinnatifid leaf are also pinnately lobed.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">bipinnatipartite</span>, when +the segments of a pinnatipartite leaf are also deeply and pinnately +lobed.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">biternate</span>, when the +parts of a ternate leaf are also ternately divided.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">blade</span> (or <span class= +"bold">lamina</span>), the upper, usually broader part of a +leaf.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">bract</span>, a small leaf, +usually differing from foliage leaves in shape or colour, at the +base of a flower stalk; also the divisions of an involucre.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">bracteoles</span>, the last +minute bracts under each flower.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">bud</span>, a leaf or flower +before it opens.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">bulb</span>, a modified, +usually underground stem, more or less globose in shape, clothed +with succulent leaves or scales (<em>e.g.</em>, the <span class= +"bold">Onion</span>).</p> + +<p class="hang1 space-above15"><span class="bold">caducous</span>, +falling off early.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">calyptrate</span>, with +hood-like covering on flower or fruit.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">calyx</span>, the outer +envelope of a flower, made up of sepals.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">campanulate</span>, +bell-shaped.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">cancellate</span>, resembling a +grill, or latticed.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">canescent</span>, hoary.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">capillary</span>, hair-like, +very fine.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">capitate</span>, arranged in a +head.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">capitulum</span> or +<span class="bold">head</span>, when several sessile (or nearly so) +flowers are collected into a compact head-like cluster at the end +of the axis.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">capsule</span>, a dry dehiscent +seed-vessel composed of 2 or more carpels and usually containing +several seeds.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">carpel</span>, the leaf of one +of the leaves forming the ovary.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">caudate</span>, produced at the +apex into a long, tail-like appendage.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">cauline</span>, growing from +the stem.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">cell</span>, a unit of plant +growth, also a subdivision of the ovary, <em>e.g.</em>, 5-celled +ovary.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">ciliate</span>, fringed with +long hairs.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">circinate</span>, rolled up +like the top of a bishop’s crozier.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">cirrhate</span>, with curled or +forked tendrils.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">cladode</span>, a flattened +branch taking on the appearance and functions of a leaf +(<em>e.g.</em>, <span class="bold">Asparagus</span>).</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">clavate</span>, club-shaped, +<em>i.e.</em>, cylindrical, but getting broader at the apex.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">claw</span>, the narrowed base +of a petal.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">club-shaped</span>, see +<span class="bold">clavate</span>.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">coccus</span>, 1-seeded carpel +of a dehiscent fruit.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">column</span>, applied to +stamens and style when confluent, as in <span class= +"bold">Asclepiadaceæ</span> and <span class= +"bold">Orchidaceæ</span>.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_3">[3]</span><span class="bold">compound +inflorescence</span>, when an inflorescence, such as a <span class= +"bold">raceme</span>, <span class="bold">umbel</span>, etc., is +subdivided into subsidiary inflorescences, and forms a <span class= +"bold">panicle</span>, <span class="bold">compound umbel</span>, +etc.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">compound leaf</span>, when a +leaf is divided into segments right down to the midrib, so that +each segment forms an individual <span class="bold">leaflet</span> +which can drop off by itself at the fall of the leaves.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">connate</span>, when two or +more like-parts of a flower are united.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">connective</span>, the portion +of the anther which unites the two cells.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">connivent</span>, +converging.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">cordate</span>, heart-shaped, +<em>i.e.</em>, of a leaf, with 2 rounded basal lobes and ovate, +unless otherwise mentioned.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">coriaceous</span>, thick and +tough, like leather.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">corm</span>, a bulb-shaped +solid underground stem, in which reserve material is stored.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">corolla</span>, the inner +envelope of a flower (not always present), made up of petals.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">corona</span>, a crown-like +excrescence between corolla and stamens.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">corymb</span>, a raceme, the +lower pedicels of which are gradually lengthened so as to bring all +its flowers on the same level.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">costate</span>, ribbed.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">cotyledon</span>, one of the +(or the) first seed-leaves.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">crenate</span>, with rounded +teeth.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">crenulate</span>, with small +rounded teeth.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">culm</span>, the stem of +<span class="bold">Bamboos</span>.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">cuneate</span>, +wedge-shaped.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">cuspidate</span>, tipped with a +sharp point.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">cyme</span>, an inflorescence +in which the flowers are produced centrifugally on successive +lateral axes.</p> + +<p class="hang1 space-above15"><span class="bold">deciduous</span>, +applied to plants whose leaves are all shed at a certain season of +the year.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">decompound</span>, several +times subdivided or compound, applied to leaves or +inflorescence.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">decumbent</span>, spreading +horizontally, then turning upwards.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">decurrent</span>, applied to +leaves, the margins of which run down the stem below the insertion +of the petiole.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">decussate</span>, when leaves +are in pairs successively at right angles to each other on the +stem.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">dehiscent</span>, splitting (of +fruits to let out the seeds).</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">dentate</span>, dog-toothed, +<em>i.e.</em>, with teeth of equal sides.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">denticulate</span>, finely +dog-toothed.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">diadelphous</span>, of stamens +when they are joined by their filaments into two groups, +<em>e.g.</em>, some of the <span class= +"bold">Papilionaceæ</span>.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">diandrous</span>, with 2 +stamens.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">dichotomous</span>, applied to +a stem, branch or inflorescence which forks again and again.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">dicotyledons</span>, with two +seed-leaves.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">didymous</span>, divided into +two lobes, in pairs.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">didynamous</span>, with two +long and two short stamens.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">diffuse</span>, widely and +loosely spreading.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_4">[4]</span><span class="bold">digitate</span>, applied to a +compound leaf, the leaflets of which spread like the fingers of a +hand.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">diœcious</span>, of plants the +stamens of which are in flowers on one individual and the ovary and +style on another.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">disc</span> or <span class= +"bold">disk</span>, the receptacle on which are set flowers in a +capitulum, as in <span class="bold">Compositæ</span>, or at the +base of the ovary within the flower.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">disc-florets</span>, the +regular tubular florets of certain <span class= +"bold">Compositæ</span>, which, if accompanied by ligulate florets, +occupy the centre of the disc, while the latter are on the rim and +called ray-florets.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">distichous</span>, arranged in +the same plane, <em>i.e.</em>, at two right angles to each +other.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">divaricate</span>, widely +spreading.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">drupe</span>, a fleshy +indehiscent fruit containing a “stone” in which the seed is +enclosed.</p> + +<p class="hang1 space-above15"><span class="bold">echinate</span>, +covered with prickles, like a hedgehog.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">elliptical</span>, shaped like +an ellipse, oval.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">emarginate</span>, notched, +usually at the apex of a leaf or petal.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">ensiform</span>, +sword-shaped.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">entire</span>, applied to the +margin of a leaf which is not toothed or notched.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">epicalyx</span>, applied to a +row of bracts, sometimes joined together, outside the calyx, +<em>e.g.</em>, some of the <span class="bold">Malvaceæ</span>.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">epigynous</span>, apparently +seated upon the ovary.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">epipetalous</span>, applied to +stamens seated on the petals.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">epiphyte</span>, a plant which +grows on another without being parasitic, <em>e.g.</em>, some +<span class="bold">Orchids</span>.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">evergreen</span>, applied +chiefly to shrubs and trees which bear leaves all the year +round.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">exserted</span>, protruding, +applied chiefly to stamens which show outside the flower.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">exstipulate</span>, having no +stipules.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">extra-axillary</span>, from +outside the axil.</p> + +<p class="hang1 space-above15"><span class="bold">falcate</span>, +scythe- or sickle-shaped.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">fascicled</span> or +<span class="bold">fasciculate</span>, in bundles or tufts.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">fastigiate</span>, with +parallel erect clustered branches.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">fertile</span>, capable of +bearing fruit, applied also to stamens bearing pollen.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">-fid</span>, a suffix, meaning +split, <em>e.g.</em>, <span class="bold">bifid</span>, split in +two, <span class="bold">trifid</span>, split in three, etc.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">filament</span>, the stalk of a +stamen.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">filiform</span>, +thread-like.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">fimbriate</span>, with a +fringed margin.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">flabellate</span> or +<span class="bold">flabelliform</span>, fan-shaped.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">flexuose</span>, bent +alternately to right and to left.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">floccose</span>, with tufts of +wool.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">foliaceous</span>, having the +appearance or texture of leaves.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">follicle</span>, a carpel +opening at the inner suture only, <em>e.g.</em>, some <span class= +"bold">Asclepiadiaceæ</span> and <span class= +"bold">Apocynaceæ</span>.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_5">[5]</span><span class="bold">-foliolate</span>, used to +denote the number of leaflets, <em>e.g.</em>, <span class= +"bold">trifoliolate</span>, with 3 leaflets, etc.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">free</span>, not united.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">fruticose</span>, shrubby.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">fugaceous</span>, falling off +early.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">funicle</span>, the stalk +attaching the seed to the placenta.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">fusiform</span>, +spindle-shaped.</p> + +<p class="hang1 space-above15"><span class= +"bold">gamopetalous</span>, when all the petals of a corolla are +united.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">gamophyllous</span>, when the +leaves of a perianth are joined together.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">gamosepalous</span>, when the +sepals of a calyx are joined together.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">geminate</span>, in pairs.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">gibbous</span>, swollen or +humped on one side.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">glabrate</span>, almost +hairless.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">glabrous</span>, smooth, +without hairs.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">gland</span>, an organ of +secretion, represented by a small lump, which is sometimes stalked +and called a <span class="bold">stipitate</span> gland.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">glandular hairs</span> are +hairs which are enlarged at the top and contain a viscous +secretion.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">glaucous</span>, with a bluish +waxy bloom.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">glochidiate</span>, applied to +hairs or bristles hooked at the top.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">glume</span> is one of the +bracts enclosing the flowers of sedges and grasses.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">glumule</span>, the bract which +forms the exterior covering of each flower of a spikelet in +grasses.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">granular</span>, covered with +numerous minute excrescences.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">gymnosperms</span>, plants +whose ovules are naked, <em>i.e.</em>, not enclosed in carpels, +<em>e.g.</em>, <span class="bold">Gnetaceæ</span> and <span class= +"bold">Cycadaceæ</span>.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">gynæcium</span>, the female +organs of a flower.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">gynobasic</span>, of a style +when it arises at or near the base of the ovary, <em>e.g.</em>, +<span class="bold">Labiatæ</span>.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">gynophore</span>, applied to +the receptacle below the ovary when elongated and stalk-like.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">-gynous</span>, suffix used to +show the number of carpels in an ovary, <em>e.g.</em>, trigynous, +with 3 carpels.</p> + +<p class="hang1 space-above15"><span class="bold">habit</span>, the +habitual shape of a plant as it stands.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">habitat</span>, the locality +which a plant selects for growing in on account of suitability of +climate, soil, elevation, etc., etc.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">hastate</span>, halberd-shaped, +applied to leaves the basal lobes of which are pointed and turned +outwards at right angles to the axis of the leaf.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">head</span>, see <span class= +"bold">capitulum</span>.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">herbaceous</span>, tender and +green, not woody.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">hermaphrodite</span>, applied +to flowers having both male and female organs.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">hilum</span>, a scar on a seed +showing the place of its attachment to the fruit.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">hirsute</span>, with long, +rough hairs.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">hispid</span>, with stiff hairs +or bristles.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">hoary</span>, with short white +hairs or down.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">hyaline</span>, glass-like, +transparent or translucent.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_6">[6]</span><span class="bold">hypocrateriform</span>, +salver-shaped, applied to a corolla when it expands in a flat +manner.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">hypogynous</span>, applied to a +flower, the sepals, petals and the stamens of which arise beneath +the pistil.</p> + +<p class="hang1 space-above15"><span class="bold">imbricate</span>, +overlapping like the tiles of a roof.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">imparipinnate</span>, pinnate +with an uneven number of leaflets.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">indefinite</span>, without +fixed number, usually meaning a large number (of sepals, petals, +stamens, etc.).</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">indehiscent</span>, applied to +fruits which do not split to allow the seed to escape.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">inferior</span>, applied to an +ovary means that it is enclosed in and adherent to the calyx.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">inflorescence</span>, the +manner in which flowers are arranged on a plant.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">infundibuliform</span>, +funnel-shaped.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">internode</span>, the portion +of a stem between the point of attachment of two successive leaves, +if alternate leaves, or pairs of leaves, if they are opposite.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">interrupted</span>, when +applied to an inflorescence means that portion of the axis bears no +flowers although there are some both above and below.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">involucel</span>, the involucre +of a secondary umbel.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">involucre</span>, a whorl of +bracts, sometimes united and sometimes in several rows below an +inflorescence or an individual flower.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">involute</span>, rolled from +the back, <em>e.g.</em>, towards the upper surface of a leaf.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">irregular</span>, applied to a +flower which cannot be divided into two equal sections in whatever +direction from above it is cut.</p> + +<p class="hang1 space-above15"><span class="bold">-jugate</span>, +in pairs, <em>e.g.</em>, bijugate in 2 pairs, trijugate in 3 pairs, +multijugate in many pairs, etc.</p> + +<p class="hang1 space-above15"><span class="bold">keel</span>, the +(more or less) united two lower petals in <span class= +"bold">Papilionaceæ</span>; also applied to straight longitudinal +nerves on bracts, sepals or petals.</p> + +<p class="hang1 space-above15"><span class="bold">labiate</span>, +lipped, referring to the shape of the corolla or perianth.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">laciniate</span>, cut about, +ragged, applied to leaves, the lobes of which are narrow and +irregular.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">lamina</span>, the blade or +broad part of a leaf.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">lanceolate</span>, +lance-shaped, applied to leaves about three times longer than +broad, broadest below the middle and tapering to the apex.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">latex</span>, milky sap.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">leaflet</span>, a subdivision +of a compound leaf, <em>q.v.</em></p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">legume</span>, the seed-vessel +of <span class="bold">Leguminosæ</span>, 1-celled and 2-valved.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">lepidote</span>, covered with +small scurfy scales.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">ligulate</span>, +strap-shaped.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_7">[7]</span><span class="bold">ligule</span>, a kind of +stipule embracing the stem of grasses where the sheath gives way to +the blade of the leaf.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">ligulifloræ</span>, a section +of the <span class="bold">Compositæ</span>, the florets of which in +a head have all a strap-shaped corolla.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">limb</span>, the broader part +of a leaf, but more commonly the broader part of the corolla above +the tube, where it expands.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">linear</span>, narrow and long +with parallel margins.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">lip</span>, a long more or less +pendent corolla lobe or petal as in <span class= +"bold">Labiatæ</span>, <span class="bold">Orchidaceæ</span>, +etc.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">lobes</span>, the divisions of +a simple leaf or calyx or corolla or fruit.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">lobulate</span>, having minute +lobes.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">-locular</span>, divided into +compartments or cells, <em>e.g.</em>, trilocular = 3-celled.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">lodicules</span>, hyaline or +fleshy nerveless scales in grasses, representing the perianth of +the flower.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">lunate</span>, +crescent-shaped.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">lyrate</span>, applied to a +pinnatifid leaf with a broader rounded terminal lobe and smaller, +shorter ones below, <em>e.g.</em>, some <span class= +"bold">Cruciferæ</span> and <span class= +"bold">Compositæ</span>.</p> + +<p class="hang1 space-above15"><span class= +"bold">marcescent</span>, withering on the plant without falling +off, <em>e.g.</em>, the flower of <span class= +"bold">Dombeya</span>.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">membranous</span>, thin and not +stiff.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">-merous</span>, used to show +the numbers of parts in each floral envelope, <em>e.g.</em>, +trimerous, having 3 sepals, 3 petals (if any), 3 stamens, and (or) +3 carpels.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">monadelphous</span>, when all +the stamens are joined by their filaments, thus forming a sheath +round the ovary, <em>e.g.</em>, <span class="bold">Malvaceæ</span>, +some <span class="bold">Leguminosæ</span>, etc.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">monandrous</span>, with one +stamen.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">moniliform</span>, or beaded, +repeatedly constricted, <em>e.g.</em>, the pod of <span class= +"bold">Acacia arabica</span>.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">monocotyledon</span>, having +only one seed-leaf, <em>e.g.</em>, <span class="bold">Palms</span>, +<span class="bold">Grasses</span>, <span class= +"bold">Sedges</span>, <span class="bold">Lilies</span>, etc.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">monœcious</span>, a plant +having separate male and female flowers on the same individual, see +<span class="bold">diœcious</span>.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">mucronate</span>, terminating +abruptly in a short stiff point or <span class= +"bold">mucro</span>.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">multifid</span>, divided +distinctly into many parts.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">multipartite</span>, divided +deeply into many parts.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">multisect</span>, divided so +deeply into many parts that the individual parts are practically +divided off.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">muricate</span>, covered with +short, sharp protuberances.</p> + +<p class="hang1 space-above15"><span class="bold">naked</span>, +applied to a flower means that it has no calyx or corolla, applied +to a seed that it has no pericarp.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">-nate</span>, a suffix showing +that 2 or more leaves, etc., are together, <em>e.g.</em>, binate, 2 +together, ternate, in a whorl of 3, etc.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">nectary</span>, an organ +secreting sugary fluid within the flower.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">node</span>, the point of +attachment of a leaf to a stem.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_8">[8]</span><span class="bold">nodose</span>, applied to +roots and stems swollen at intervals, knotted.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">nut</span>, a dry indehiscent +fruit with a hard woody pericarp.</p> + +<p class="hang1 space-above15"><span class="bold">ob-</span>, a +prefix which used with terms denoting shape (excepting oblong) +means that the shape is inverted; <em>e.g.</em>, <span class= +"bold">oblanceolate</span> or <span class="bold">obovate</span> +applied to a leaf mean that the broader part of the leaf is towards +the apex as if it had been inverted, <span class= +"bold">obcordate</span> inverted heart-shaped, with the lobes at +the apex.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">oblong</span>, elongated +elliptic.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">obtuse</span>, blunt.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">ochrea</span>, a membranous +sheath, <em>e.g.</em>, some <span class= +"bold">Polygonaceæ</span>.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">opposite</span>, applied to +leaves means that these are inserted in pairs, one leaf on either +side of the stem.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">orbicular</span>, round, +circular.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">organ</span>, every part of a +plant which has a distinct function to perform.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">ostiole</span>, small aperture +as, <em>e.g.</em>, into the receptacle in <span class= +"bold">Ficus</span>.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">oval</span>, of the same shape +as the mathematical figure.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">ovary</span>, one or more +carpels enclosing one or more ovules.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">ovate</span>, somewhat +egg-shaped in outline, flat and scarcely twice as long as broad, +broadest below the middle.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">ovoid</span>, applied to bodies +of three dimensions, <em>e.g.</em>, ovaries and seeds, which are +egg-shaped.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">ovule</span>, the early +condition of future seeds within the ovary.</p> + +<p class="hang1 space-above15"><span class="bold">palate</span>, +part of the lower lip which closes the mouth of a ringent corolla; +<em>e.g.</em>, in <span class="bold">Snap-Dragon</span>.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">paleaceous</span>, +chaff-like.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">paleæ</span>, inner bracts or +scales in <span class="bold">Compositæ</span> or <span class= +"bold">Gramineæ</span>, see also <span class= +"bold">valvules</span>.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">palmate</span>, applied to a +simple leaf divided like a hand into several lobes.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">palmatifid</span>, more deeply +divided than the former.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">palmatipartite</span> or +<span class="bold">palmatisect</span>, palmately divided to the +root of the main ribs.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">pandurate</span> or +<span class="bold">panduriform</span>, fiddle-shaped.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">panicle</span>, when the axis +of an inflorescence bears branches having two or more flowers, when +the term is used alone it usually means a compound <span class= +"bold">raceme</span>, a <span class="bold">cymose</span> panicle +has the branches in cymes, a <span class="bold">corymbose</span> +panicle has them in corymbs and so on.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">pappus</span>, an appendage +consisting of a ring of hairs or scales round the top of a fruit, +<em>e.g.</em>, some of the <span class="bold">Compositæ</span>.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">parasite</span>, a plant living +on the sap of another plant.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">-partite</span>, deeply +divided, see <span class="bold">pinnatipartite</span>, <span class= +"bold">palmatipartite</span>, <span class= +"bold">pedatipartite</span> and <span class= +"bold">multipartite</span>.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">patent</span>, open, spreading +at right angles to the axis.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">pectinate</span>, finely +divided like the teeth of a comb.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">pedate</span>, applied to a +compound leaf when the divisions are at first ternate, but the +outer branches are forked and the outer ones of each fork again +forked.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_9">[9]</span><span class="bold">pedatifid</span>, applied to +a simple leaf divided in a similar way to a pedate leaf.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">pedatipartite</span> or +<span class="bold">pedatisect</span>, when the divisions are +practically to the main nerve.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">pedicel</span>, the stalk of a +flower in a compound inflorescence.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">peduncle</span>, the stalk of a +solitary flower, or of an inflorescence.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">peltate</span>, applied to a +leaf which is more or less orbicular and the petiole of which is +inserted not at the lower margin but near the centre.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">perennial</span>, when the life +of a plant lasts more than 2 years, although the upper portion may +die down to the ground every year.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">perianth</span>, the only +floral envelope in the <span class="bold">Apetalæ</span> and in +<span class="bold">Monocotyledons</span>.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">pericarp</span>, the wall of +the ovary when in fruit.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">perigynous</span>, when the +corolla and stamens are borne on the calyx and free from the +ovary.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">persistent</span>, which does +not fall off.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">petal</span>, a leaf of the +inner envelope of a flower, often brightly coloured, absent from +certain plants.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">petaloid</span>, having the +appearance of a petal.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">petiole</span>, the +leaf-stalk.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">petiolule</span>, the stalk of +a leaflet.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">phanerogam</span>, a flowering +plant.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">pilose</span>, sprinkled thinly +with long soft hairs.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">pinnate</span>, applied to a +compound leaf, the leaflets of which are arranged, feather like, on +either side of the rhachis; see <span class="bold">abruptly +pinnate</span>, <span class="bold">imparipinnate</span>, +<span class="bold">bipinnate</span>.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">pinnatifid</span>, when a +simple leaf is divided into a series of lobes on either side of the +midrib.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">pinna</span>, in bi- or +tripinnate leaves each subdivision with the leaflets it comprises +is called a <span class="bold">pinna</span>.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">pinnatipartite</span> or +<span class="bold">pinnatisect</span>, the lobes more deeply +divided than in a <span class="bold">pinnatifid</span> leaf and +reaching almost to the midrib.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">pistil</span>, the innermost +whorl of the flower consisting of one or more carpels, and includes +ovary, style and stigma.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">pitted</span>, covered with +small depressed spots.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">placenta</span>, is the part of +the interior of the ovary to which the ovules are attached.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">placentation</span>, the method +of attachment of the ovules, <em>viz.</em>, <span class= +"bold">axile</span> when attached to the axis, but if this axis +does not reach the top the placentation is <span class="bold">free +central</span>, and <span class="bold">parietal</span> when +attached to the inner wall of the ovary.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">plicate</span>, folded +longitudinally like a closed fan.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">plumose</span>, like a tuft of +long feathers, <em>e.g.</em>, the leaves of a palm.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">plumule</span>, the +leaf-bearing part of the embryo.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">pod</span>, a one-celled, +two-valved seed vessel.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">pollen</span>, the fertilizing +dust contained within the anther.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">pollinia</span> or <span class= +"bold">pollen-masses</span>, club-shaped collections of pollen in +<span class="bold">Asclepiadaceæ</span> and <span class= +"bold">Orchidaceæ</span>.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_10">[10]</span><span class="bold">polyadelphous</span>, when +the stamens are united into several bundles by junction of +filaments.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">polyandrous</span>, with many +stamens.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">polycarpous</span> or +<span class="bold">polycarpellary</span>, with many carpels.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">polygamous</span>, bearing +male, female and hermaphrodite flowers at the same time on the same +plant, but if on distinct plants they are <span class= +"bold">polygamo-diœcious</span>.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">polypetalous</span> or +<span class="bold">dialypetalous</span>, when the petals are +free.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">polysepalous</span> or +<span class="bold">dialysepalous</span>, when the sepals are +free.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">præmorse</span>, as though the +end were bitten off.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">prickle</span>, a sharp +excrescence from the epidermis of a plant and not from the +wood.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">procumbent</span>, of a plant +which lies along the ground for the greater part of its length.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">prostrate</span>, when a plant +lies down throughout its length.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">puberulent</span>, minutely +downy.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">pubescent</span>, downy.</p> + +<p class="hang1 space-above15"><span class="bold">quadrate</span>, +square.</p> + +<p class="hang1 space-above15"><span class="bold">raceme</span>, an +inflorescence in which stalked flowers are inserted along a central +axis.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">rachilla</span> and +<span class="bold">rachis</span>, see <span class= +"bold">rhachilla</span> and <span class="bold">rhachis</span>.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">radical</span>, springing from +the root.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">radicle</span>, the embryo +root.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">ray florets</span>, the outer +florets, in the capitulum of certain <span class= +"bold">Compositæ</span>.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">rays</span> of an umbel, the +pedicels bearing the flowers or secondary umbels.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">receptacle</span>, the short, +flat, convex or conical axis on which the flowers of a head are +seated, as in <span class="bold">Compositæ</span>; also the +extremity of the flower-stalk above the calyx (also called +<span class="bold">torus</span>) on which the corolla, stamens and +pistil are inserted.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">reclinate</span>, bent +downwards.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">recurved</span>, bent back.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">reduplicate</span>, folded +back.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">reflexed</span>, bent back +abruptly.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">regular</span>, applied to a +flower means that all parts of the floral whorls are equal among +themselves.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">reniform</span>, +kidney-shaped.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">reticulated</span>, +net-like.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">retrorse</span>, turned +backwards.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">retuse</span>, very blunt and +slightly indented.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">revolute</span>, rolled back, +in case of a leaf towards the underside.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">rhachilla</span>, a secondary +axis in the flowers of <span class="bold">Sedges</span> and +<span class="bold">Grasses</span>.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">rhachis</span>, the stalk of a +compound leaf bearing the leaflets; also the portion of the axis of +an inflorescence from the lowest ramification upwards.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">rhomboidal</span>, applied to +leaves or leaflets means more or less 4-angled but not square.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">rostellate</span>, with a small +beak.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_11">[11]</span><span class="bold">rostrate</span>, +beaked.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">rosulate</span>, +rosette-shaped.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">rotate</span>, wheel-shaped; of +a corolla when the petals or lobes are spread out horizontally from +the base.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">rufous</span>, foxy-red.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">rugose</span>, wrinkled.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">runcinate</span>, pinnatifid +with the lobes pointing downwards.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">runner</span>, a prostrate +branch, rooting at places.</p> + +<p class="hang1 space-above15"><span class="bold">saccate</span>, +bag-like.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">sagittate</span>, applied to a +leaf the basal lobes or auricles point downwards like the barbs of +an arrow.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">samara</span>, a winged +fruit.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">sarcocarp</span>, the fleshy +layer in certain fruits.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">scabrous</span> or <span class= +"bold">scabrid</span>, rough to the touch.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">scales</span>, leaves much +reduced in size, but having neither colour nor functions of leaves; +also circular disc-like hairs.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">scandent</span>, climbing.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">scape</span>, a naked peduncle +springing apparently from the root.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">scarious</span>, thin and more +or less translucent, not green.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">scorpioid</span> inflorescence, +a cymose compound inflorescence, in which, by the abortion of one +of the branches in each of the successive subsidiary cymes, always +on the same side, the inflorescence becomes curled up somewhat like +a scorpion’s tail; <em>e.g.</em>, <span class= +"bold">Boraginaceæ</span>.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">-sect</span>, cut completely to +the base, <em>e.g.</em>, <span class="bold">pinnatisect</span> when +the lobes of a simple leaf are cut down to the midrib.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">secund</span>, when all the +leaves or flowers are turned to the same side of the stem.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">sepal</span>, one of the leaves +forming the calyx.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">serrate</span>, sawlike, +applied to the teeth on the margin of a leaf, the point of which is +sharp and the sides unequal.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">serrulate</span>, finely +serrate.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">sessile</span>, having no +stalk.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">seta</span>, a bristle.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">setaceous</span> or +<span class="bold">setose</span>, bristly.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">sheath</span>, the dilated +petiole of a leaf when it encloses the stem for some distance above +the node, <em>e.g.</em>, <span class="bold">Grasses</span>, some +<span class="bold">Umbelliferæ</span>, etc.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">shrub</span>, a woody plant +over 3 ft. high, which naturally branches into several stems from +near the ground; a plant with a single stem, but too small to be +classed as a tree is known as an <span class="bold">arborescent +shrub</span>.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">siliqua</span>, a linear pod +divided into 2 cells by a thin membranous partition, from which the +valves generally separate at maturity. When the pod is short and +broad it is called a <span class="bold">silicule</span>. Both are +characteristic of the <span class="bold">Cruciferæ</span>.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">simple</span>, applied to a +leaf means that it is not subdivided into leaflets, and to an +inflorescence when the main floral axis only bears single flowers +and not subsidiary inflorescences.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">sinuate</span>, or <span class= +"bold">wavy</span> when the margins of a leaf have a wavy outline, +like an oak-leaf.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_12">[12]</span><span class="bold">sinus</span>, the space +between the teeth or lobes of a leaf.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">spadix</span>, a fleshy spike +as in the <span class="bold">Araceæ</span>.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">spathe</span>, a sheath-like +bract enclosing the flower of some Monocotyledons, <em>e.g.</em>, +in <span class="bold">Araceæ</span>.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">spathulate</span>, +ladle-shaped, <em>i.e.</em>, broad in the short upper part and +contracted below.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">spike</span>, a simple +inflorescence bearing sessile flowers along the axis.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">spikelet</span>, applied to the +small clusters of flowers in <span class="bold">Sedges</span> and +<span class="bold">Grasses</span> enclosed within one or more +glumes.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">spine</span>, a woody +persistent thorn.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">spur</span>, a conical hollow +projection in the tube or lower part of a petal, <em>e.g.</em>, in +some <span class="bold">Scrophulariaceæ</span> and <span class= +"bold">Orchidaceæ</span>.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">squamæ</span>, see scales.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">squarrose</span>, applied to +imbricated scales, bracts or leaves having pointed tips and which +are also spreading or recurved.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">stamen</span>, the male organ +of the flower.<a class="tnoteref" href="#tnote1" id= +"tnote1anchor"></a></p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">staminode</span>, imperfect and +barren stamen.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">standard</span>, the large +upper petal in <span class="bold">Papilionaceæ</span>.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">stellate</span>, applied to a +corolla the petals or lobes of which spread out like the rays of a +star; also to branched hairs radiating from a centre.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">sterile</span> or <span class= +"bold">barren</span>, applied to stamens without pollen and to +flowers without a pistil.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">stigma</span>, the upper part +of the pistil on which the pollen settles before fertilizing the +ovules.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">stipe</span>, a term applied to +a stalk on any part of the plant except leaves and flowers.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">stipellæ</span> or <span class= +"bold">stipels</span>, subsidiary stipules of leaflets.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">stipitate</span>, stalked.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">stipule</span>, leaf-like +appendages, often in pairs and winged at the base of the petiole in +certain plants; when taking the form of spines they are known as +stipular thorns, <em>e.g.</em>, <span class="bold">Acacia +arabica</span>, etc.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">stolon</span>, a horizontal +runner.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">striate</span>, marked with +longitudinal lines or furrows.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">strigose</span>, applied to +shortish hair lying close along the surface in one direction.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">strobilate</span>, closely +overlapping as the scales in the cone of a fir.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">style</span>, the portion of +the pistil which bears the stigma.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">subsessile</span>, almost +sessile.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">subulate</span>, +awl-shaped.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">succulent</span>, juicy, +sappy.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">sulcate</span>, grooved, +fluted, furrowed.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">superior ovary</span>, an ovary +which is free, <em>i.e.</em>, not adnate to the calyx or +perianth.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">suture</span>, the line along +which similar organs cohere, <em>e.g.</em>, carpellary leaves.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">syncarpous</span>, applied to +an ovary composed of several carpels cohering to one another.</p> + +<p class="hang1 space-above15"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_13">[13]</span><span class="bold">tendril</span>, a +thread-like process, usually an abortive petiole or peduncle, +having the faculty of grasping and twining round objects and thus +enabling the plant to climb.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">terete</span>, with a circular +cross section, <em>e.g.</em>, a cylinder.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">ternate</span>, in threes, +whether three leaves in a verticil or 3 lobes or 3 leaflets of a +leaf, but the last two are more commonly called tri-lobed or +tri-fid and tri-foliolate respectively.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">terrestrial</span>, growing in +the earth in contradistinction to epiphytes and tree-parasites.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">tesselated</span>, marked with +small squares, <em>e.g.</em>, nuts of some <span class= +"bold">Sedges</span>.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">thorn</span>, usually an +abortive branch petiole or peduncle with a sharp, pointed end.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">throat</span>, the upper part +of a corolla tube.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">thyrsus</span>, a compound +inflorescence in which cymes, usually opposite, are arranged in a +narrow pyramidal panicle.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">tomentose</span>, covered with +light-coloured, short, soft and somewhat felted hairs (<span class= +"bold">tomentum</span>).</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">torulose</span>, cylindrical +with small swellings and depressions.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">torus</span>, see <span class= +"bold">receptacle</span>.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">tree</span>, a plant capable of +carrying a single stem, up to about 25 ft. at least.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">trigonous</span>, obtusely +3-angled.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">triquetrous</span>, more +sharply 3-angled, almost 3-winged.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">truncate</span>, ending +abruptly, as if cut off square.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">tuber</span>, a short +underground stem containing farinaceous matter, <em>e.g.</em>, +potato.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">tubercled</span> or +<span class="bold">tuberculate</span>, covered with roundish knobby +projections.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">tumid</span>, inflated, +swollen.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">turbinate</span>, +top-shaped.</p> + +<p class="hang1 space-above15"><span class="bold">umbel</span>, an +inflorescence in which the flowers radiate from a common point on +stalks of about the same lengths.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">umbellule</span>, a subsidiary +umbel in a compound umbel.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">umbonate</span>, with a boss as +on a shield.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">uncinate</span>, hooked.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">undershrub</span>, a woody +plant less than 3 ft. in height.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">undulate</span>, applied to +margins of leaves which without being cut out rise and fall like +waves.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">unguiculate</span>, clawed, +applied to a stalked petal.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">unisexual</span>, of one sex +only, applied to flowers which have stamens and no pistil or +<em>vice versa</em>.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">urceolate</span>, +urn-shaped.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">utricle</span>, the pericarp of +a nut when it is thin and loose.</p> + +<p class="hang1 space-above15"><span class="bold">valvate</span>, +applied to the æstivation of a corolla means that in bud the petals +or lobes are arranged edge to edge without overlapping.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">valves</span>, these are +(<em>a</em>) the segments into which a capsule splits on becoming +ripe; (<em>b</em>) the bracts between the glumes and the +<span class="bold">paleæ</span> (or <span class= +"bold">valvules</span>) in the flowers of <span class= +"bold">Grasses</span>.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_14">[14]</span><span class="bold">valvules</span> (or +<span class="bold">paleæ</span>), 2-nerved, hyaline bracts situated +between the valves (see above) and the <span class= +"bold">lodicules</span>.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">ventricose</span>, swelling or +inflated.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">verrucose</span>, covered by +wart-like lumps.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">versatile</span>, applied to +anthers which are attached by one point on their backs to the tips +of the filaments so as to swing loosely.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">verticil</span>, whorl.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">villous</span>, having long, +soft hairs, shaggy.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">virgate</span>, twiggy.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">viscous</span> or <span class= +"bold">viscid</span>, giving out a sticky secretion.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">vittæ</span>, linear vesicles, +filled with oil, in the pericarp of <span class= +"bold">Umbelliferæ</span>.</p> + +<p class="hang1 space-above15"><span class="bold">wavy</span>, see +<span class="bold">undulate</span>, also applied to <span class= +"bold">sinuate</span>.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">whorl</span> or <span class= +"bold">verticil</span>, 3 or more leaves or flowers arranged round +a stem on the same level.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">wing</span>, (<em>a</em>) the +prolongation of a fruit or seed into a membrane, (<em>b</em>) a +thin membrane along the angle of a stem, (<em>c</em>) protuberances +on the rhachilla of certain <span class="bold">Sedges</span>.</p> + +<p class="hang1"><span class="bold">woolly</span>, with long loose +hairs like wool.</p> + +<hr class="chap"> + +<h2><span class="pagenum" id="Page_15">[15]</span><a id= +"consp"></a>CONSPECTUS OF PRINCIPAL GROUPS OF PLANTS AS ARRANGED IN +THIS FLORA</h2> + +<div class="key"> +<p class="keyline keylvl1"><span class= +"bold taxon">GYMNOSPERMÆ</span> (<a class="link2" href="#gymno">p. +48</a>). Ovules naked, not enclosed in an ovary, no calyx or +corolla.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2">Plants palm-like with fusiform or +globose stem; leaves pinnate; flowers in cones.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><span class="bold taxon">Cycadaceæ</span> +(<a class="link2" href="#cycadace">p. 48</a>).</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2">Whip-like shrub or climber with more or +less whorled branches; leaves scale-like, connate at the base, +flowers spicate.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><span class="bold taxon">Gnetaceæ</span> +(<a class="link2" href="#gnetace">p. 48</a>).</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl1"><span class= +"bold taxon">ANGIOSPERMÆ</span>. Ovules enclosed in an ovary; calyx +or corolla usually present.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2"><span class= +"bold taxon">Dicotyledones</span> (<a class="link2" href="#dico">p. +49</a>). Embryo with 2 seed-leaves (cotyledons). Leaves typically +net-veined. Vascular bundles of stem usually in a ring. Flowers +mostly with parts in 4’s or 5’s—for key to families of this group +see <a class="link2" href="#keydico">p. 16.</a></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2"><span class= +"bold taxon">Monocotyledones</span> (<a class="link2" href= +"#mono">p. 365</a>). Embryo with only 1 seed leaf. Leaves typically +parallel-nerved. Vascular bundles of the stem scattered. Flowers +mostly with parts in 3’s—for key to families of this group see +<a class="link2" href="#keymono">p. 45.</a></p> +</div> + +<h2><span class="pagenum" id="Page_16">[16]</span><a id= +"keydico"></a>ARTIFICIAL KEY TO THE FAMILIES OF DICOTYLEDONES +REPRESENTED IN THIS FLORA.</h2> + +<p class="center">(Extracted and adapted from Hutchinson, +<em>Families of Flowering Plants</em>.)</p> + +<h3 class="space-above1">KEY TO THE ARTIFICIAL GROUPS.<a id= +"FNanchor_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_3" class= +"fnanchor">[3]</a></h3> + +<div class="key"> +<p class="keyline keylvl1">Gynæcium composed of 2 or more separate +or nearly quite separate carpels with separate styles and stigmas +(rarely the free carpels immersed in the expanded torus +(Nymphæaceæ).</p> + +<p class="keyright">“<span class="bold taxon">APOCARPÆ</span>”</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2">Petals present free from each other, +sometimes considerably modified or scarcely distinguishable from +the sepals.</p> + +<p class="keyright">Group 1 (<a class="link2" href="#keydico1">p. +17</a>).</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2">Petals present more or less united</p> + +<p class="keyright">Group 2 (<a class="link2" href="#keydico2">p. +18</a>).</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2">Petals absent</p> + +<p class="keyright">Group 3 (<a class="link2" href="#keydico3">p. +18</a>).</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl1">Gynæcium composed of 1 carpel or 2 or +more united carpels with free or united styles, or if carpels free +below, then the styles or stigmas united.</p> + +<p class="keyright">“<span class="bold taxon">SYNCARPÆ</span>”</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2">Ovules attached to the wall or walls of +the ovary.</p> + +<p class="keyright">“<span class= +"bold taxon">Parietales</span>”</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3">Ovary superior:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4">Petals present, free from each other</p> + +<p class="keyright">Group 4 (<a class="link2" href="#keydico4">p. +19</a>).</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4">Petals present, more or less united</p> + +<p class="keyright">Group 5 (<a class="link2" href="#keydico5">p. +22</a>).</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4">Petals absent</p> + +<p class="keyright">Group 6 (<a class="link2" href="#keydico6">p. +24</a>).</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3">Ovary inferior:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4">Petals present, free from each other</p> + +<p class="keyright">Group 7 (<a class="link2" href="#keydico7">p. +25</a>).</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4">Petals present, more or less united</p> + +<p class="keyright">Group 8(<a class="link2" href="#keydico8">p. +25</a>).</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4">Petals absent</p> + +<p class="keyright">Group 9 (<a class="link2" href="#keydico9">p. +26</a>).</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2">Ovules attached to the central axis, or +to the base or apex of the ovary cell.</p> + +<p class="keyright">“<span class="bold taxon">Axiles</span>”</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3">Ovary superior:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4">Petals present, free from each other</p> + +<p class="keyright">Group 10 (<a class="link2" href="#keydico10">p. +26</a>).</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4">Petals present, more or less united</p> + +<p class="keyright">Group 11 (<a class="link2" href="#keydico11">p. +33</a>).</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4">Petals absent</p> + +<p class="keyright">Group 12 (<a class="link2" href="#keydico12">p. +37</a>).</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3">Ovary inferior:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4">Petals present, free from each other</p> + +<p class="keyright">Group 13 (<a class="link2" href="#keydico13">p. +41</a>).</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4">Petals present, more or less united</p> + +<p class="keyright">Group 14 (<a class="link2" href="#keydico14">p. +43</a>).</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4">Petals absent</p> + +<p class="keyright">Group 15(<a class="link2" href="#keydico15">p. +44</a>).</p> +</div> + +<h3><span class="pagenum" id="Page_17">[17]</span><a id= +"keydico1"></a><span class="bold">GROUP 1. Two or more free +carpels; petals present, free from each other.</span> +</h3> + +<div class="key"> +<p class="keyline keylvl1"><span class="keyguide">a)</span> Leaves +opposite or verticillate:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2"><span class="keyguide">b)</span> Stamens +numerous, 15 or more; leaves stipulate; fruits follicular or +indehiscent, sometimes arranged on a large fleshy torus; style +often lateral or basal.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#rosace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Rosaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2"><span class="keyguide">bb)</span> +Stamens up to 15 in number:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">c)</span> Herbs, +often succulent; leaves often connate at the base, exstipulate; +flowers mostly cymose; carpels the same number as the petals; seeds +often minute, with fleshy endosperm.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#crassulace"><span class="bold taxon">Crassulaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">cc)</span> Trees, +shrubs or woody climbers; carpels 1-3; petals often clawed, thin; +stipules mostly intrapetiolar, often connate at the base; sepals +often with 2 glands at the base; hairs on the leaves usually +medifixed.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><span class="bold taxon">Malpighiaceæ</span> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl1"><span class="keyguide">aa)</span> Leaves +alternate or all radical:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2"><span class="keyguide">b)</span> Leaves +stipulate:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">c)</span> Stamens +free from one another or nearly so; fruits follicular or +indehiscent, often arranged on a large fleshy torus; sepals +imbricate; seeds without endosperm.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#rosace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Rosaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">cc)</span> +Stamens free from one another or nearly so; fruits not on an +enlarged torus; trees with large leaves and stellate hairs; calyx +valvate; seeds with copious endosperm.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#tiliace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Tiliaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">ccc)</span> +Stamens more or less united into a column; calyx valvate; mostly +trees or shrubs; hairs often stellate or lepidote.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#sterculiace"><span class="bold taxon">Sterculiaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2"><span class="keyguide">bb)</span> Leaves +without stipules:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">c)</span> Carpels +completely sunk in the tissue of the large broad torus; aquatic +plants with floating leaves and bright showy flowers.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#nymphaeace"><span class="bold taxon">Nymphæaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">cc)</span> +Carpels not sunk in the tissue of the torus; not aquatic:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">d)</span> Stamens +the same number and opposite to the petals; carpels usually 3; +leaves simple; fruit drupaceous; endosperm sometimes ruminate.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#menispermace"><span class="bold taxon">Menispermaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">dd)</span> +Stamens alternate with the petals or monadelphous or more numerous +than the petals:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">e)</span> Stamens +numerous (more than 12):</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">f)</span> Flowers +usually hermaphrodite, mostly fairly large and solitary; anthers +usually with a broad truncate connective; seeds with abundant +ruminate endosperm.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#anonace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Anonaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">ff)</span> +Flowers dioecious, small; anthers with a narrow connective; lateral +nerves of the leaves not markedly prominent.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#menispermace"><span class="bold taxon">Menispermaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">fff)</span> +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_18">[18]</span>Flowers +hermaphrodite, paniculate, small to medium-sized; anthers small, +with a narrow connective; lateral nerves of the leaves prominent +and parallel; seeds arillate; sepals persistent and often +accrescent.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#dilleniace"><span class="bold taxon">Dilleniaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">ee)</span> +Stamens few (12 or fewer):</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">f)</span> Leaves +compound or very much divided:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7"><span class="keyguide">g)</span> Herbs; +fruit an achene; seed with copious endosperm and small embryo; +flowers mostly yellow.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#ranunculace"><span class="bold taxon">Ranunculaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7"><span class="keyguide">gg)</span> Trees +or shrubs; fruit a follicle; seeds without endosperm; leaves +pinnate.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#connarace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Connaraceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">ff)</span> Leaves +simple:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7"><span class="keyguide">g)</span> Flowers +hermaphrodite; shrubs or trees; seeds arillate, aril entire, more +or less cupular; petals 5.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#connarace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Connaraceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7"><span class="keyguide">gg)</span> +Flowers unisexual; petals and stamens in threes or multiples of +three.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#menispermace"><span class="bold taxon">Menispermaceæ</span></a> +</p> +</div> + +<h3><a id="keydico2"></a><span class="bold">GROUP 2. Two or more +free carpels; petals present, more or less united.</span> +</h3> + +<div class="key"> +<p class="keyline keylvl1">Herbs with fleshy opposite leaves; +flowers racemose, cymose or paniculate; corolla more or less +tubular; calyx sometimes inflated and membranous.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#crassulace"><span class="bold taxon">Crassulaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl1">Trees, shrubs or climbers with usually +pinnate or unifoliolate leaves; petals very shortly connate at the +base; seeds often arillate; calyx never inflated.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#connarace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Connaraceæ</span></a> +</p> +</div> + +<h3><a id="keydico3"></a><span class="bold">GROUP 3. Two or more +free carpels; petals absent.</span> +</h3> + +<div class="key"> +<p class="keyline keylvl1"><span class="keyguide">a)</span> Trees, +shrubs or hard-wooded climbers; leaves simple or rarely +compound:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2"><span class="keyguide">b)</span> Leaves +stipulate; stamens free or slightly connate at the base; anthers +opening by slits; fruits drupaceous, included by the tubular +calyx.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#rosace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Rosaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2"><span class="keyguide">bb)</span> Leaves +stipulate; stamens united into a column; anthers in a ring around +the top of the column or unequally arranged, opening by slits; +hairs often stellate.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#sterculiace"><span class="bold taxon">Sterculiaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl1"><span class="keyguide">aa)</span> Herbs +with radical or alternate leaves, or very soft wooded climbers with +often opposite leaves and rather broad medullary rays in the +wood:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2"><span class="keyguide">b)</span> Carpels +usually numerous, rarely reduced to 1 and then stipulate, often +with long hairy tails; sepals induplicate valvate or +rarely<span class="pagenum" id="Page_19">[19]</span> imbricate, +often petaloid; stamens free; leaves sometimes opposite and much +divided.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#ranunculace"><span class="bold taxon">Ranunculaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2"><span class="keyguide">bb)</span> +Carpels definite in number, often 3 or 6; flowers unisexual; +stamens free or variously connate; climbers with simple leaves.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#menispermace"><span class="bold taxon">Menispermaceæ</span></a> +</p> +</div> + +<h3><a id="keydico4"></a><span class="bold">GROUP 4. One carpel or +more than one united carpels; ovules on the walls of the ovary; +ovary superior; petals present, free from each other.</span> +</h3> + +<div class="key"> +<p class="keyline keylvl1"><span class="keyguide">a)</span> Leaves +opposite:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2"><span class="keyguide">b)</span> Stamens +more or less united into 3 or more separate bundles; leaves often +gland-dotted or with lines of resin; mostly herbaceous; styles free +to the base or very nearly so.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#hypericace"><span class="bold taxon">Hypericaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2"><span class="keyguide">bb)</span> +Stamens free or more or less united into not more than 2 separate +bundles (diadelphous), sometimes adnate to a gynophore; leaves not +or very rarely glandular:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">c)</span> +Connective of the anthers produced above the cells; flowers often +somewhat zygomorphic (irregular), the lower petal often gibbous or +saccate at the base.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#violace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Violaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">cc)</span> +Connective of the anthers not produced beyond the cells; flowers +usually actinomorphic (regular) or papilionaceous:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">d)</span> Flowers +actinomorphic (regular), sessile; leaves small and ericoid, more or +less connate at the base; stamens free.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#frankeniace"><span class="bold taxon">Frankeniaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">dd)</span> +Flowers zygomorphic (irregular); stamens diadelphous; fruit a +legume.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#papilionace"><span class="bold taxon">Papilionaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl1"><span class="keyguide">aa)</span> Leaves +alternate or all radical:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2"><span class="keyguide">b)</span> Stamens +numerous (more than 12):</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">c)</span> +Filaments more or less connate into a tube or into separate +bundles:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">d)</span> +Filaments connate in 1 or 2 and unequal bundles; leaves compound; +flowers mostly arranged in dense spikes or heads.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#mimosace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Mimosaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">dd)</span> +Filaments connate into more than 2 separate bundles opposite the +sepals; calyx valvate; fruits prickly.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#tiliace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Tiliaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">cc)</span> +Filaments free or at most partially adnate to a gynophore:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">d)</span> Ovary +supported on a gynophore; petals often clawed; seeds without +endosperm.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#capparidace"><span class="bold taxon">Capparidaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">dd)</span> Ovary +sessile or very nearly so:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">e)</span> Anthers +horse-shoe shaped; ovary placentas 2; ovules numerous; stipules +caducous, leaving a wide scar; leaves large, palminerved at the +base; pedicels often with 5 large glands below the sepals.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#bixace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Bixaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">ee)</span> +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_20">[20]</span>Anthers straight or +nearly so, opening by apical pores or short pore-like slits:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">f)</span> Seeds +hairy; ovary entire; leaves digitately nerved or lobed; stems +annual from a woody rhizome with yellow interior.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#cochlospermace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Cochlospermaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">ff)</span> Seeds +not hairy; ovary often deeply lobed, in fruit the carpels becoming +nearly free on the enlarged torus; leaves pinnately nerved; stems +not annual.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#ochnace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Ochnaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">eee)</span> +Anthers straight or nearly so, opening by longitudinal slits:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">f)</span> Flowers +actinomorphic (regular):</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7"><span class="keyguide">g)</span> Leaves +stipulate, the stipules sometimes falling off early but leaving a +scar:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8"><span class="keyguide">h)</span> Corona +present in the flowers.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#passiflorace"><span class="bold taxon">Passifloraceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8"><span class="keyguide">hh)</span> Corona +absent:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9"><span class="keyguide">i)</span> Stamens +and petals hypogynous:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl10"><span class="keyguide">j)</span> Leaves +usually pinnate; wood often with resinous juice.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#anacardiace"><span class="bold taxon">Anacardiaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl10"><span class="keyguide">jj)</span> +Leaves simple; wood without resinous juice.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#flacourtiace"><span class="bold taxon">Flacourtiaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9"><span class="keyguide">ii)</span> +Stamens and petals perigynous.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#rosace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Rosaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7"><span class="keyguide">gg)</span> Leaves +without stipules:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8"><span class="keyguide">h)</span> Trees +or shrubs; leaves never lobed.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#flacourtiace"><span class="bold taxon">Flacourtiaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8"><span class="keyguide">hh)</span> Herbs +with milky juice; stems glaucous; leaves amplexicaul, pinnately +lobed or sinuate.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#papaverace"><span class="bold taxon">Papaveraceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">ff)</span> +Flowers zygomorphic (irregular):</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7"><span class="keyguide">g)</span> Ovary +of 1 carpel; trees or shrubs.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8"><span class="keyguide">h)</span> Odd +petal abaxial; corolla not as below.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#caesalpiniace"><span class="bold taxon">Cæsalpiniaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8"><span class="keyguide">hh)</span> Odd +petal abaxial; corolla composed of standard, wings and keel.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#papilionace"><span class="bold taxon">Papilionaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7"><span class="keyguide">gg)</span> Ovary +of more than 1 carpel; herbs; petals often divided.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#resedace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Resedaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2"><span class="keyguide">bb)</span> +Stamens 12 or fewer:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">c)</span> Stamens +6, four long and two short (tetradynamous); petals 4, clawed.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#crucifer"><span class= +"bold taxon">Cruciferæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">cc)</span> +Stamens not as above, very rarely 6 and then of equal length; +petals rarely 4:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">d)</span> Flowers +markedly zygomorphic:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">e)</span> Fertile +stamens sometimes only 2; ovary often on a short or long +gynophore.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">f)</span> Ovary +of more than 1 carpel (<em>i.e.</em>, more than 1 placenta).</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#capparidace"><span class="bold taxon">Capparidaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">ff)</span> +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_21">[21]</span>Ovary of 1 carpel +(<em>i.e.</em>, only 1 placenta); leaves usually pinnate.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#caesalpiniace"><span class="bold taxon">Cæsalpiniaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">ee)</span> +Fertile stamens usually 10 or 8, more than 2:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">f)</span> Anthers +often with a produced connective; herbs.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#violace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Violaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">ff)</span> +Anthers without a produced connective, sometimes with a gland at +the apex; habit various, but mostly trees, shrubs or climbers:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7"><span class="keyguide">g)</span> Odd +petal abaxial; corolla composed of standard, wings and keel +(papilionaceous); ovary with a single placenta.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#papilionace"><span class="bold taxon">Papilionaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7"><span class="keyguide">gg)</span> Odd +petal abaxial; corolla not as above; ovary with a single +placenta.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#caesalpiniace"><span class="bold taxon">Cæsalpiniaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7"><span class="keyguide">ggg)</span> Odd +petal abaxial; ovary with 3 placentas; 5 fertile and 5 barren +stamens.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#moringace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Moringaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">dd)</span> +Flowers actinomorphic (regular):</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">e)</span> Flowers +with a distinct corona, sometimes this membranous or represented by +a definite ring of hairs towards the base of the calyx tube.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#passiflorace"><span class="bold taxon">Passifloraceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">ee)</span> +Flowers without a corona:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">f)</span> Stamens +united, with the anthers in a ring around the apex of the column; +endosperm of the seeds often ruminate; mostly weak climbers.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#menispermace"><span class="bold taxon">Menispermaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">ff)</span> +Stamens free or united only at the base or rarely only the anthers +connivent:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7"><span class="keyguide">g)</span> Leaves +stipulate; anthers with the connective produced above the cells and +often connivent around the style.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#violace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Violaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7"><span class="keyguide">gg)</span> Leaves +stipulate; anther connective not produced:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8"><span class="keyguide">h)</span> +Staminodes present, sometimes petaloid; stipules often +pectinate.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#ochnace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Ochnaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8"><span class="keyguide">hh)</span> +Staminodes absent:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9"><span class="keyguide">i)</span> Leaves +with numerous very sticky glandular hairs, mostly circinnately +coiled in bud; seeds not carunculate.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#droserace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Droseraceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9"><span class="keyguide">ii)</span> Leaves +without sticky hairs, not circinnate in bud; seeds often +carunculate or arillate:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl10"><span class="keyguide">j)</span> Styles +free to the base.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#turnerace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Turneraceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl10"><span class="keyguide">jj)</span> +Styles simple or shortly divided.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#passiflorace"><span class="bold taxon">Passifloraceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7"><span class="keyguide">ggg)</span> +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_22">[22]</span>Leaves +exstipulate:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8"><span class="keyguide">h)</span> Herbs; +leaves entire or lobed; flowers yellow or orange; seeds pitted, +arillate.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#turnerace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Turneraceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8"><span class="keyguide">hh)</span> Trees, +shrubs or climbers:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9"><span class="keyguide">i)</span> Leaves +simple, but sometimes deeply divided:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl10"><span class="keyguide">j)</span> Leaves +biglandular at the base.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#passiflorace"><span class="bold taxon">Passifloraceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl10"><span class="keyguide">jj)</span> +Leaves not glandular at the base:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl11"><span class="keyguide">k)</span> Leaves +digitately lobed.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#caricace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Caricaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl11"><span class="keyguide">kk)</span> +Leaves not digitately lobed; calyx-tube short; stamens +hypogynous.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#pittosporace"><span class="bold taxon">Pittosporaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl11"><span class="keyguide">kkk)</span> +Leaves not digitately lobed; calyx-tube rather long; stamens +perigynous.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#turnerace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Turneraceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl11"><span class="keyguide">kkkk)</span> +Leaves very small and more or less ericoid; flowers in slender +spikes or racemes:</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#tamaricace"><span class="bold taxon">Tamaricaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9"><span class="keyguide">ii)</span> Leaves +compound:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl10"><span class="keyguide">j)</span> +Flowers in heads or dense spikes; petals valvate; ovary of 1 +carpel; ovules more than 1.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#mimosace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Mimosaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl10"><span class="keyguide">jj)</span> +Flowers not in heads or dense spikes; ovary usually of more than +one carpel; ovule solitary.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#anacardiace"><span class="bold taxon">Anacardiaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl10"><span class="keyguide">jjj)</span> +Flowers racemose; ovary of 5 carpels with numerous ovules.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#caricace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Caricaceæ</span></a> +</p> +</div> + +<h3><a id="keydico5"></a><span class="bold">GROUP 5. One carpel or +more than one united carpels; ovules on the walls of the ovary; +ovary superior; petals present, more or less united.</span> +</h3> + +<div class="key"> +<p class="keyline keylvl1"><span class="keyguide">a)</span> Stamens +free from the corolla-tube:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2"><span class="keyguide">b)</span> Ovary +composed of more than one carpel:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">c)</span> Stamens +numerous, more than twice the number of the corolla lobes; anthers +opening by longitudinal slits with broadened truncate connective; +seeds with copious ruminate endosperm; shrubs, trees or climbers +with exstipulate simple leaves.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#anonace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Anonaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">cc)</span> +Stamens 5-12; anthers not appendaged at the apex, usually opening +by longitudinal slits, rarely by pores; leaves alternate, +exstipulate; erect trees or shrubs:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">d)</span> Leaves +fairly large; flowers more or less corymbose; stamens 5.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#pittosporace"><span class="bold taxon">Pittosporaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">dd)</span> Leaves +very small and scale-like; flowers in slender spikes or racemes; +stamens 5-10.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#tamaricace"><span class="bold taxon">Tamaricaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2"><span class="keyguide">bb)</span> +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_23">[23]</span>Ovary composed of a +single carpel (usually a legume); stamens free or more usually +diadelphous or monadelphous, often 10, rarely numerous:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">c)</span> Stamens +connate into a sheath or free; flowers usually hermaphrodite:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">d)</span> Flowers +actinomorphic (regular); petals valvate; calyx gamosepalous or +valvate; leaves usually bipinnate, rarely simply pinnate; flowers +often collected into heads.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#mimosace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Mimosaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">dd)</span> +Flowers zygomorphic (irregular) or rarely actinomorphic; sepals +imbricate or rarely valvate; petals imbricate, the upper (adaxial) +one inside the others; leaves often pinnate or bipinnate.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#caesalpiniace"><span class="bold taxon">Cæsalpiniaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">ddd)</span> +Flowers zygomorphic; petals imbricate, the upper (adaxial) one (the +standard) outside the others, the lateral two (the wings) outside +the abaxial pair (the keel) which are more or less united along +their lower edges; leaves simple, digitate or simply pinnate.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#papilionace"><span class="bold taxon">Papilionaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">cc)</span> +Stamens connate into a column with the anthers in a ring at the +top; flowers dioecious; fruit a drupe; slender climbers.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#menispermace"><span class="bold taxon">Menispermaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl1"><span class="keyguide">aa)</span> +Stamens inserted on the corolla-tube, sometimes near the base:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2"><span class="keyguide">b)</span> Stamens +double the number of the petals, usually diadelphous; flower +sometimes zygomorphic:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">c)</span> Flowers +zygomorphic (irregular), often somewhat papilionaceous, +hermaphrodite; seeds often hairy; leaves small to medium-sized.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#polygalace"><span class="bold taxon">Polygalaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">cc)</span> +Flowers actinomorphic (regular), unisexual or polygamous; seeds +with a succulent coat; leaves large, palmately lobed.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#caricace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Caricaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2"><span class="keyguide">bb)</span> +Stamens the same number as the corolla lobes; corolla actinomorphic +or nearly so:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">c)</span> Leaves +opposite:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">d)</span> Carpels +2, more or less free; pollen granular, no corona in the corolla; +mostly shrubs, trees or climbers.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#apocynace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Apocynaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">dd)</span> +Carpels 2, free; styles separate up to the common thickened apex; +pollen agglutinated into masses; corolla with a corona; mostly +herbs or twiners.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#asclepiadace"><span class="bold taxon">Asclepiadaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">ddd)</span> +Carpels 2, connate into a 1 or 2 celled ovary; pollen not +agglutinated; one common style present:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">e)</span> Stamens +5; ovules numerous; herbs; corolla actinomorphic.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#gentianace"><span class="bold taxon">Gentianaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">ee)</span> +Stamens 4; ovules 1-2 in each cell; habit various; corolla usually +zygomorphic.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#verbenace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Verbenaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">cc)</span> +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_24">[24]</span>Leaves alternate or +radical; marsh or aquatic herbs:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">d)</span> Corolla +lobes imbricate or contorted; styles 2, free or partly united.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#hydrophyllace"><span class="bold taxon">Hydrophyllaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">dd)</span> +Corolla lobes induplicate valvate; style 1, with 1-2 stigmas.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#gentianace"><span class="bold taxon">Gentianaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2"><span class="keyguide">bbb)</span> +Stamens fewer than the corolla lobes, 4 or 2; corolla zygomorphic +or rarely subactinomorphic:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">c)</span> +Leafless parasites (on roots) never green herbs; seeds minute, very +numerous, with endosperm.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#orobanchace"><span class="bold taxon">Orobanchaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">cc)</span> Leafy +and not or rarely parasitic:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">d)</span> Ovules +numerous on each placenta; mostly trees; seeds transverse, +winged.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#bignoniace"><span class="bold taxon">Bignoniaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">dd)</span> Ovules +1-2 on each placenta; stem and branches often 4-sided.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#verbenace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Verbenaceæ</span></a> +</p> +</div> + +<h3><a id="keydico6"></a><span class="bold">GROUP 6. One carpel or +more than one united carpels; ovules on the walls of the ovary; +ovary superior; petals absent.</span> +</h3> + +<div class="key"> +<p class="keyline keylvl1"><span class="keyguide">a)</span> Flowers +arranged in a dense head surrounded by numerous imbricate bracts; +stamens 4, opposite the calyx (or perianth) lobes, the latter +valvate, one splitting away from the other three; leaves alternate, +without stipules.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#proteace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Proteaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl1"><span class="keyguide">aa)</span> +Flowers variously arranged but not in heads with an involucre of +bracts; remainder of above characters not associated:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2"><span class="keyguide">b)</span> Ovary +composed of 1 carpel (<em>i.e.</em>, with 1 placenta):</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">c)</span> Stamens +numerous, free or very slightly connate at the base; pod +stipitate.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#papilionace"><span class="bold taxon">Papilionaceæ</span></a><br> +(Cordyla)</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">cc)</span> +Stamens 10 or fewer:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">d)</span> Flowers +hermaphrodite, not very small; leaves usually compound.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#caesalpiniace"><span class="bold taxon">Cæsalpiniaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">dd)</span> +Flowers unisexual or polygamous, usually very small; leaves usually +simple:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">e)</span> Ovule +pendulous; anthers erect in bud; flowers solitary or cymose or +fasciculate.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#ulmace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Ulmaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">ee)</span> Ovule +pendulous or erect; anthers erect or inflexed in bud; flowers often +on or within an enlarged and often fleshy receptacle or in catkins +or heads.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#morace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Moraceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2"><span class="keyguide">bb)</span> Ovary +composed of more than 1 carpel; at least with 2 or more +placentas:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">c)</span> Ovary +and fruit stipitate; seeds usually without endosperm and often with +a curved embryo; sepals usually valvate.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#capparidace"><span class="bold taxon">Capparidaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">cc)</span> +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_25">[25]</span>Ovary sessile:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">d)</span> +Inflorescence a catkin; flowers dioecious; seeds pilose with a +basal tuft of hairs, without endosperm.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#salicace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Salicaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">dd)</span> +Inflorescence not a catkin but sometimes a slender pendulous spike +or raceme; flowers usually hermaphrodite; seeds with endosperm.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">e)</span> Flowers +hypogynous; no staminodes between the stamens; filaments free.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#flacourtiace"><span class="bold taxon">Flacourtiaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">ee)</span> +Flowers perigynous; staminodes often present and alternating with +the fertile stamens; filaments free or connate.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#samydace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Samydaceæ</span></a> +</p> +</div> + +<h3><a id="keydico7"></a><span class="bold">GROUP 7. One carpel or +more than one united carpels; ovules on the walls of the ovary; +ovary inferior; petals present, free from each other.</span> +</h3> + +<div class="key"> +<p class="keyline keylvl1"><span class="keyguide">a)</span> Flowers +hermaphrodite; anthers straight or nearly so:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2"><span class="keyguide">b)</span> Anthers +opening by pores; leaves mostly opposite with parallel main nerves; +stamens definite, often double the number of the petals.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#melastomatace"><span class="bold taxon">Melastomataceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2"><span class="keyguide">bb)</span> +Anthers not opening by pores:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">c)</span> Fleshy +herbs or shrubs with reduced leaves and often epiphytic; stamens +numerous; seeds without endosperm.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#cactace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Cactaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">cc)</span> Tree +or shrubs with well-developed green leaves; seeds with endosperm; +stamens sometimes opposite the petals.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#samydace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Samydaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl1"><span class="keyguide">aa)</span> +Flowers unisexual; stamens few, with twisted or conduplicate +anthers; usually slender twiners with tendrils; leaves often +scabrid.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#cucurbitace"><span class="bold taxon">Cucurbitaceæ</span></a> +</p> +</div> + +<h3><a id="keydico8"></a><span class="bold">GROUP 8. One carpel or +more than one united carpels; ovules on the walls of the ovary; +ovary inferior; petals present, more or less united.</span> +</h3> + +<div class="key"> +<p class="keyline keylvl1">Flowers unisexual; leaves alternate +without longitudinally parallel nerves; tendrils often present; +stamens mostly 3; anthers often twisted or conduplicate.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#cucurbitace"><span class="bold taxon">Cucurbitaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl1">Flowers hermaphrodite; leaves opposite +or verticillate often with longitudinally parallel nerves, without +stipules; anthers mostly opening by terminal pores.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#melastomatace"><span class="bold taxon">Melastomataceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl1">Flowers hermaphrodite, very rarely +unisexual; leaves opposite or alternate, often stipulate; anthers +not opening by pores, sometimes connivent at the apex; ovules +numerous on the walls;<span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_26">[26]</span> petals united into a long tube; stipules +persistent, inter- or intra-petiolar.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#rubiace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Rubiaceæ</span></a><br> +(Gardenia)</p> +</div> + +<h3><a id="keydico9"></a><span class="bold">GROUP 9. One carpel or +more than one united carpels; ovules on the walls of the ovary; +ovary inferior; petals absent; leaves exstipulate; calyx unilateral +or 3 lobed and often coloured.</span> +</h3> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#aristolochiace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Aristolochiaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<h3><a id="keydico10"></a><span class="bold">GROUP 10. One carpel +or more than one united carpels; ovules attached to the central +axis or to the base or apex of the ovary cell; ovary superior; +petals present, free from each other.</span> +</h3> + +<div class="key"> +<p class="keyline keylvl1"><span class="keyguide">a)</span> Perfect +stamens the same number as the petals and opposite to them; leaves +alternate or rarely opposite or all radical:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2"><span class="keyguide">b)</span> Leaves +not gland-dotted; petals and stamens more or less hypogynous or +subperigynous; disk usually conspicuous:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">c)</span> Calyx +lobes or sepals imbricate, usually 2; stipules often scarious or +setose; ovary 1-celled, with basal placenta.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#portulacace"><span class="bold taxon">Portulacaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">cc)</span> Calyx +lobes valvate or open in bud:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">d)</span> Disk +absent from the flowers:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">e)</span> Trees +and shrubs; ovules usually 2 or more inserted on the inner angle of +the cells; hairs on the leaves often stellate.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#sterculiace"><span class="bold taxon">Sterculiaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">ee)</span> Herbs +mostly with rosettes of leaves; flowers in corymbs; calyx tube +scarious, ribbed; ovule 1, pendulous on a basal funicle.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#plumbaginace"><span class="bold taxon">Plumbaginaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">dd)</span> Disk +present, perigynous; leaves mostly stipulate; ovary 2-4-celled; +ovules erect; seeds mostly with copious endosperm and large +straight embryo.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#rhamnace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Rhamnaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">ddd)</span> Disk +present; leaves exstipulate:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">e)</span> Ovules +erect; ovary 1-3-celled; calyx conspicuous.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#olacace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Olacaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">ee)</span> Ovules +pendulous; ovary 1-celled; calyx minute.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#opiliace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Opiliaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2"><span class="keyguide">bb)</span> Leaves +pellucid-punctate:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">c)</span> Leaves +simple, without stipules; ovules numerous on a free central +placenta; no tendrils.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#myrsinace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Myrsinaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">cc)</span> Leaves +mostly compound, usually stipulate; inflorescence leaf-opposed; +ovules 1-2 in each cell, inserted on the inner angle; tendrils +often present.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#vitace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Ampelidaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl1"><span class="keyguide">aa)</span> +Perfect stamens the same number as the petals and alternate with +them or more numerous, very rarely fewer:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2"><span class="keyguide">b)</span> +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_27">[27]</span>Style basal; stipules +mostly persistent; leaves simple; stamens numerous; stomata of the +leaves usually with special subsidiary cells.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#rosace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Rosaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2"><span class="keyguide">bb)</span> Style +or styles terminal or subterminal, sometimes gynobasic:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">c)</span> Flowers +markedly zygomorphic (irregular); lower sepal more or less +elongated into a spur; sepals usually 3; anthers connivent around +the ovary, opening lengthwise; seeds without endosperm.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#balsaminace"><span class="bold taxon">Balsaminaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">cc)</span> +Flowers actinomorphic or very slightly zygomorphic:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">d)</span> Stamens +united into more than one separate bundle (phalanges) often +opposite the petals; leaves usually opposite, often gland-dotted or +with resinous lines:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">e)</span> Leaves +opposite, exstipulate:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">f)</span> Herbs +or shrubs; styles free from the base or nearly so; flowers +hermaphrodite; calyx imbricate.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#hypericace"><span class="bold taxon">Hypericaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">ff)</span> Trees +or shrubs; styles mostly more or less united or stigma one and +sessile or sub-sessile; flowers mostly unisexual; calyx +imbricate.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#guttifer"><span class= +"bold taxon">Guttiferæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">ee)</span> Leaves +alternate, stipulate; trees, shrubs or herbs; calyx valvate; hairs +usually stellate:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">f)</span> Stamens +with some of the filaments sterile; fruits not hooked.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#sterculiace"><span class="bold taxon">Sterculiaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">ff)</span> +Stamens all fertile; fruits covered with hooks.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#tiliace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Tiliaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">dd)</span> +Stamens free (at least not united into several bundles) or +sometimes more or less united at the base or into one bundle +(monadelphous):</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">e)</span> Leaves +opposite or verticillate or rarely fasciculate, never all +radical:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">f)</span> Leaves +compound, rarely unifoliolate and then with a distinctly tumid +petiole, sometimes sessile:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7"><span class="keyguide">g)</span> Leaves +gland-dotted; disk usually present between the stamens and ovary; +ovary often deeply lobed; cells 2-ovuled; pendulous; stipules +rarely present.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#rutace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Rutaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7"><span class="keyguide">gg)</span> Leaves +not gland-dotted, sometimes fleshy; ovules pendulous from the +central axis, 2 or more in each cell; disk often fleshy, rarely +absent; stipules persistent and often paired; shrubs or herbs; +leaves mostly 2-foliolate or pinnate; filaments often with a scale +or gland attached to the base.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#zygophyllace"><span class="bold taxon">Zygophyllaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">ff)</span> Leaves +simple but sometimes deeply and variously divided:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7"><span class="keyguide">g)</span> Stamens +more than twice as many as the petals; calyx valvate:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8"><span class="keyguide">h)</span> +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_28">[28]</span>Flowers +hermaphrodite; anthers not inflexed in bud:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9"><span class="keyguide">i)</span> Petals +and stamens hypogynous; hairs often stellate; stipules in +pairs.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#tiliace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Tiliaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9"><span class="keyguide">ii)</span> Petals +and stamens perigynous; hairs not stellate; stipules +interpetiolar.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#rhizophorace"><span class="bold taxon">Rhizophoraceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8"><span class="keyguide">hh)</span> +Flowers hermaphrodite; anthers inflexed in bud; petals and stamens +perigynous.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#lythrace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Lythraceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8"><span class="keyguide">hhh)</span> +Flowers unisexual; anthers inflexed in bud; hairs stellate or +lepidote.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#euphorbiace"><span class="bold taxon">Euphorbiaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7"><span class="keyguide">gg)</span> +Stamens not more than twice as many as the petals:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8"><span class="keyguide">h)</span> Trees, +shrubs or woody climbers:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9"><span class="keyguide">i)</span> Leaves +stipulate, sometimes stipules rudimentary or of hairs:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl10"><span class="keyguide">j)</span> Disk +absent or inconspicuous or of separate glands; calyx often +glandular:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl11"><span class="keyguide">k)</span> Calyx +mostly with a pair of glands outside; trees, shrubs or climbers; +stamens mostly 10.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><span class="bold taxon">Malpighiaceæ</span> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl11"><span class="keyguide">kk)</span> Calyx +not glandular; anther-cells back to back; trees or shrubs; petals +4; stamens 4.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#salvadorace"><span class="bold taxon">Salvadoraceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl10"><span class="keyguide">jj)</span> Disk +present, conspicuous; calyx not glandular:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl11"><span class="keyguide">k)</span> +Flowers hermaphrodite:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl12"><span class="keyguide">l)</span> +Stamens inserted on or below the margin of the disk; filaments +subulate:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl13"><span class="keyguide">m)</span> +Stamens 3-5; sepals imbricate.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#celastrace"><span class="bold taxon">Celastraceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl13"><span class="keyguide">mm)</span> +Stamens 8-10; sepals valvate.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#rhizophorace"><span class="bold taxon">Rhizophoraceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl12"><span class="keyguide">ll)</span> +Stamens usually 3, inserted on the disk; filaments flattened or +connivent, often adnate to the ovary; sepals imbricate.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#hippocrateace"><span class="bold taxon">Hippocrateaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl11"><span class="keyguide">kk)</span> +Flowers unisexual; ovules pendulous from the apex of the cell; +seeds often carunculate.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#euphorbiace"><span class="bold taxon">Euphorbiaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9"><span class="keyguide">ii)</span> Leaves +exstipulate or stipules gland-like:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl10"><span class="keyguide">j)</span> +Anthers opening at the apex by a pore, often appendaged at the +base; stamens as many or twice as many as the petals; leaves often +with 3-9 longitudinally parallel nerves.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#melastomatace"><span class="bold taxon">Melastomataceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl10"><span class="keyguide">jj)</span> +Anthers opening by slits lengthwise; leaves usually with pinnate +nerves:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl11"><span class="keyguide">k)</span> +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_29">[29]</span>Ovules numerous in +each cell; anthers inflexed in bud; calyx more or less tubular, +with valvate lobes, often with accessory lobes.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#lythrace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Lythraceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl11"><span class="keyguide">kk)</span> +Ovules few in each cell:</p> + +<p class="keyright"><span class="bold taxon">Malpighiaceæ</span> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl12"><span class="keyguide">l)</span> Ovules +pendulous from the apex of the cells; calyx fairly long and +tubular, more or less petaloid; petals usually very small.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#thymelaeace"><span class="bold taxon">Thymelæaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl12"><span class="keyguide">ll)</span> +Ovules erect or ascending from the base of the cells; calyx +imbricate:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl13"><span class="keyguide">m)</span> +Filaments subulate or filiform; stamens usually 5.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#celastrace"><span class="bold taxon">Celastraceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl13"><span class="keyguide">mm)</span> +Filaments flattened; stamens usually 3.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#hippocrateace"><span class="bold taxon">Hippocrateaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8"><span class="keyguide">hh)</span> Herbs, +sometimes slightly woody at the base:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9"><span class="keyguide">i)</span> Leaves +stipulate; stipules paired; styles free from the base; ovules +numerous, axile.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#elatinace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Elatinaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9"><span class="keyguide">ii)</span> Leaves +exstipulate:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl10"><span class="keyguide">j)</span> Leaves +with 3 or more longitudinally parallel nerves; anthers usually +appendaged and opening by a terminal pore.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#melastomatace"><span class="bold taxon">Melastomataceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl10"><span class="keyguide">jj)</span> +Leaves not as above; anthers opening by longitudinal slits; stamens +perigynous; anthers inflexed in bud.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#lythrace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Lythraceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">ee)</span> Leaves +alternate or all radical:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">f)</span> Stamens +more than twice the number of the sepals or petals:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7"><span class="keyguide">g)</span> Sepals +valvate or open in bud:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8"><span class="keyguide">h)</span> Anthers +2-celled:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9"><span class="keyguide">i)</span> Stamens +free or slightly united only at the base:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl10"><span class="keyguide">j)</span> Calyx +closed in bud:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl11"><span class="keyguide">k)</span> +Flowers hermaphrodite; leaves simple; wood not resinous.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#tiliace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Tiliaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl11"><span class="keyguide">kk)</span> +Flowers unisexual; leaves entire or 3-lobed; petiole with 2 glands +at the apex.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#euphorbiace"><span class="bold taxon">Euphorbiaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl11"><span class="keyguide">kkk)</span> +Flowers usually polygamous; leaves mostly compound; petiole not +glandular at the apex; wood resinous.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#anacardiace"><span class="bold taxon">Anacardiaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl10"><span class="keyguide">jj)</span> Calyx +open in bud; leaves simple; stamens up to 20, free or nearly +so.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#olacace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Olacaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9"><span class="keyguide">ii)</span> +Stamens more or less united into a tube or into bundles, +hypogynous; indumentum usually stellate.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#sterculiace"><span class="bold taxon">Sterculiaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8"><span class="keyguide">hh)</span> +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_30">[30]</span>Anthers 1-celled, +stamens more or less monadelphous; calyx with or without an +epicalyx:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9"><span class="keyguide">i)</span> Trees +or rarely shrubs; leaves digitately compound; carpels not or very +rarely splitting away from the central axis in fruit.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#bombacace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Bombacaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9"><span class="keyguide">ii)</span> Mostly +herbs; leaves simple; carpels often splitting away from the central +axis or becoming free in fruit.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#malvace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Malvaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7"><span class="keyguide">gg)</span> Sepals +imbricate or rarely completely connate or calyptrate:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8"><span class="keyguide">h)</span> Petals +and stamens perigynous; leaves stipulate:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9"><span class="keyguide">i)</span> Seeds +with endosperm and a curved embryo; mostly herbs; sepals 2.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#portulacace"><span class="bold taxon">Portulacaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9"><span class="keyguide">ii)</span> Seeds +without endosperm; sepals more than 2.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#rosace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Rosaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8"><span class="keyguide">hh)</span> Petals +and stamens more or less hypogynous or flowers unisexual; disk +often present:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9"><span class="keyguide">i)</span> Trees, +shrubs or woody climbers:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl10"><span class="keyguide">j)</span> Leaves +compound, pinnate or rarely unifoliolate and then with a tumid +petiole:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl11"><span class="keyguide">k)</span> Ovule +ascending:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl12"><span class="keyguide">l)</span> Leaves +gland-dotted; style or styles central.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#rutace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Rutaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl12"><span class="keyguide">ll)</span> +Leaves rarely gland-dotted; styles or stigmas often separated:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl13"><span class="keyguide">m)</span> Wood +with resin ducts and leaves scented; style or stigma often +eccentric.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#anacardiace"><span class="bold taxon">Anacardiaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl13"><span class="keyguide">mm)</span> Wood +not resinous; leaves not or rarely scented; style or stigma +central.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sapindace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Sapindaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl11"><span class="keyguide">kk)</span> Ovule +or ovules pendulous; wood without resin ducts, bark bitter; leaves +usually not gland-dotted.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#simarubace"><span class="bold taxon">Simarubaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl10"><span class="keyguide">jj)</span> +Leaves simple:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl11"><span class="keyguide">k)</span> +Flowers unisexual; disk present.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#euphorbiace"><span class="bold taxon">Euphorbiaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl11"><span class="keyguide">kk)</span> +Flowers hermaphrodite:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl12"><span class="keyguide">l)</span> Torus +enlarged after flowering; ovary mostly deeply lobed, the carpels +becoming separated in fruit; anthers often opening by pores.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#ochnace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Ochnaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl12"><span class="keyguide">ll)</span> Torus +not enlarged; calyx enlarged and wing-like in fruit:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl13"><span class="keyguide">m)</span> +Flowers mostly rather small and not showy; petals much contorted; +ovary 2- or more-celled; leaves with comparatively few lateral +nerves.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#dipterocarpace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Dipterocarpaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl13"><span class="keyguide">mm)</span> +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_31">[31]</span>Flowers showy; ovary +1-celled with a basal placenta; leaves long, with very numerous +parallel lateral nerves.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#ochnace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Ochnaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9"><span class="keyguide">ii)</span> Herbs; +sepals 2; leaves fleshy, exstipulate; ovary 1-celled with numerous +ovules; seeds strophiolate.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#portulacace"><span class="bold taxon">Portulacaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">ff)</span> +Stamens definite in number in relation to the sepals or petals, +often the same number or twice as many or fewer:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7"><span class="keyguide">g)</span> Leaves +compound, rarely unifoliolate and then with a distinctly tumid +petiole:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8"><span class="keyguide">h)</span> Stamens +united into a tube; leaves pinnate or rarely unifoliolate, +exstipulate; flowers actinomorphic; seeds often winged.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#meliace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Meliaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8"><span class="keyguide">hh)</span> +Stamens free or united only at the base:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9"><span class="keyguide">i)</span> Leaves +stipulate:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl10"><span class="keyguide">j)</span> +Herbaceous or slightly woody; leaves digitately or pinnately +compound.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#oxalidace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Oxalidaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl10"><span class="keyguide">jj)</span> +Trees, shrubs or often climbers; leaves compound; stipules lateral; +seeds without endosperm.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sapindace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Sapindaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9"><span class="keyguide">ii)</span> Leaves +exstipulate:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl10"><span class="keyguide">j)</span> Leaves +gland-dotted:</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#rutace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Rutaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl10"><span class="keyguide">jj)</span> +Leaves not gland-dotted:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl11"><span class="keyguide">k)</span> Ovules +pendulous:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl12"><span class="keyguide">l)</span> +Leaflets 2; shrubs or trees with axillary or supra-axillary +spines.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#simarubace"><span class="bold taxon">Simarubaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl12"><span class="keyguide">ll)</span> +Leaflets more than 2:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl13"><span class="keyguide">m)</span> Ovary +of more than 1 carpel, 2 or more celled.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#burserace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Burseraceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl13"><span class="keyguide">mm)</span> Ovary +usually of 1 carpel.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#anacardiace"><span class="bold taxon">Anacardiaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl11"><span class="keyguide">kk)</span> +Ovules ascending or horizontal:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl12"><span class="keyguide">l)</span> Ovules +2 in each cell, collateral; style simple; ovary of 1 carpel.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#connarace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Connaraceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl12"><span class="keyguide">ll)</span> +Ovules 1 or more in each cell, erect or ascending; style simple or +divided; ovary of more than 1 carpel.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sapindace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Sapindaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7"><span class="keyguide">gg)</span> Leaves +simple:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8"><span class="keyguide">h)</span> Anthers +opening by apical pores; ovary deeply lobed, torus enlarging in +fruit and the carpels often becoming separate; ovules 1-2 in each +cell.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#ochnace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Ochnaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8"><span class="keyguide">hh)</span> +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_32">[32]</span>Anthers opening by +slits lengthwise:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9"><span class="keyguide">i)</span> Shrubs +or trees:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl10"><span class="keyguide">j)</span> Leaves +stipulate:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl11"><span class="keyguide">k)</span> +Flowers unisexual:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl12"><span class="keyguide">l)</span> Petals +entire:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl13"><span class="keyguide">m)</span> +Stipules conspicuous, persistent.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#euphorbiace"><span class="bold taxon">Euphorbiaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl13"><span class="keyguide">mm)</span> +Stipules very inconspicuous, caducous.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#celastrace"><span class="bold taxon">Celastraceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl12"><span class="keyguide">ll)</span> +Petals bilobed; stamens 5; disk composed of hypogynous glands +opposite the petals.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#chailletiace"><span class="bold taxon">Chailletiaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl11"><span class="keyguide">kk)</span> +Flowers hermaphrodite:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl12"><span class="keyguide">l)</span> +Stipules axillary, convolute in bud, often very large; ovary +entire, 2-celled; petals entire; ovule inserted in the middle of +the placenta.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#simarubace"><span class="bold taxon">Simarubaceæ</span></a><br> +(Irvingia)</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl12"><span class="keyguide">ll)</span> +Stipules not axillary:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl13"><span class="keyguide">m)</span> Petals +entire or emarginate; ovules erect; disk entire or lobed.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#celastrace"><span class="bold taxon">Celastraceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl13"><span class="keyguide">mm)</span> +Petals often deeply lobed; ovules pendulous; disk of separate +glands opposite the petals.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#chailletiace"><span class="bold taxon">Chailletiaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl10"><span class="keyguide">jj)</span> +Leaves exstipulate:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl11"><span class="keyguide">k)</span> +Stamens united into a tube; sepals not glandular; ovary 2- or +more-celled.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#meliace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Meliaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl11"><span class="keyguide">kk)</span> +Stamens free or connate only at the base:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl12"><span class="keyguide">l)</span> +Stamens hypogynous or very slightly perigynous:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl13"><span class="keyguide">m)</span> Ovary +1-celled:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl14"><span class="keyguide">n)</span> Leaves +fairly large; flowers in panicles, not supported on the enlarged +torus.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#anacardiace"><span class="bold taxon">Anacardiaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl14"><span class="keyguide">nn)</span> +Leaves very small and crowded; flowers in slender spikes or +racemes.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#tamaricace"><span class="bold taxon">Tamaricaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl13"><span class="keyguide">mm)</span> Ovary +2- or more-celled; disk present; petals mostly valvate; ovary +3-5-celled.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#olacace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Olacaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl12"><span class="keyguide">ll)</span> +Stamens distinctly perigynous; calyx tubular and often petaloid; +petals mostly very small and scale-like.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#thymelaeace"><span class="bold taxon">Thymelæaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9"><span class="keyguide">ii)</span> +Herbs:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl10"><span class="keyguide">j)</span> +Flowers hermaphrodite; disk usually absent:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl11"><span class="keyguide">k)</span> Sepals +valvate; bark fibrous; leaves often with thread-like tails at the +base.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#tiliace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Tiliaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl11"><span class="keyguide">kk)</span> +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_33">[33]</span>Sepals imbricate; +leaves not tailed at the base; ovary long-beaked.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#geraniace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Geraniaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl11"><span class="keyguide">kkk)</span> +Sepals imbricate; leaves not tailed; ovary not beaked.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl12"><span class="keyguide">l)</span> Petals +not contorted:</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#molluginace"><span class="bold taxon">Molluginaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl12"><span class="keyguide">ll)</span> +Petals contorted:</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#linace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Linaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl10"><span class="keyguide">jj)</span> +Flowers unisexual; disk present or obscure.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#euphorbiace"><span class="bold taxon">Euphorbiaceæ</span></a> +</p> +</div> + +<h3><a id="keydico11"></a><span class="bold">GROUP 11. One carpel +or more than one united carpels; ovules attached to the central +axis or to the base or apex of the ovary cell; ovary superior; +petals present, more or less united.</span> +</h3> + +<div class="key"> +<p class="keyline keylvl1"><span class="keyguide">a)</span> Stamens +the same number as and opposite to the corolla lobes:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2"><span class="keyguide">b)</span> Ovules +solitary in the whole ovary or in each cell of the ovary; style +often lobed:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">c)</span> Trees +or shrubs, often with hard wood:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">d)</span> Petals +imbricate; hairs often stellate or medifixed; staminodes often +present, sometimes petaloid.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sapotace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Sapotaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">dd)</span> Petals +valvate; hairs usually simple; usually no staminodes:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">e)</span> +Inflorescence not leaf-opposed; leaves simple, without +tendrils.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#olacace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Olacaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">ee)</span> +Inflorescence leaf-opposed; leaves often compound; mostly climbers +with tendrils.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#vitace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Ampelidaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">cc)</span> Herbs +or climbers:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">d)</span> Corolla +lobes valvate; tendrils often present; inflorescence usually +cymose-paniculate, leaf-opposed; leaves usually with the stipules +adnate to the petiole; petals united at the base.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#vitace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Ampelidaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">dd)</span> +Corolla lobes imbricate; no tendrils; inflorescence more or less +corymbose; petals united high up.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#plumbaginace"><span class="bold taxon">Plumbaginaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2"><span class="keyguide">bb)</span> Ovules +2 or more in each cell; style undivided; placentas basal:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">c)</span> Trees +or shrubs often with gland-dotted simple leaves; leaves +exstipulate.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#myrsinace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Myrsinaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">cc)</span> Herbs +or climbers usually with compound stipulate leaves and leaf-opposed +inflorescence.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#vitace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Ampelidaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">ccc)</span> Herbs +with opposite simple leaves and solitary or axillary scarlet, blue +or rose flowers; leaves not gland-dotted, exstipulate.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#primulace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Primulaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl1"><span class="keyguide">aa)</span> +Stamens the same number as the corolla-lobes and alternate with +them, or more numerous or fewer:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2"><span class="keyguide">b)</span> Stamens +more than twice as many as the corolla lobes; flowers unisexual; +corolla lobes about 5; leaves stipulate.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#euphorbiace"><span class="bold taxon">Euphorbiaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2"><span class="keyguide">bb)</span> +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_34">[34]</span>Stamens as many as or +up to twice as many as the corolla lobes or fewer:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">c)</span> Stamens +as many as or more numerous than the corolla lobes:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">d)</span> Flowers +zygomorphic (irregular):</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">e)</span> Petals +united only at the base; seeds often pilose; ovules pendulous.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#polygalace"><span class="bold taxon">Polygalaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">ee)</span> Petals +united high up into a tube:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">f)</span> Ovules +numerous in each cell; herbs; corolla lobes 5.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#solanace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Solanaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">ff)</span> Ovules +solitary in each complete or incomplete cell; habit various; +corolla lobes 4.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#verbenace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Verbenaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">dd)</span> +Flowers actinomorphic (regular):</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">e)</span> Leaves +opposite or verticillate, mostly exstipulate:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">f)</span> Anthers +opening by apical pores or pore-like slits:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7"><span class="keyguide">g)</span> Leaves +in whorls; woody shrubs or undershrubs with usually very small +leaves; stamens hypogynous.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#ericace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Ericaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7"><span class="keyguide">gg)</span> Leaves +paired; herbs; stamens epipetalous.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#gentianace"><span class="bold taxon">Gentianaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">ff)</span> +Anthers opening by longitudinal slits:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7"><span class="keyguide">g)</span> Style +single with often a large more or less capitate stigma:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8"><span class="keyguide">h)</span> Corona +present in the flowers; mostly herbs or weak twiners, often with +milky juice.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#asclepiadace"><span class="bold taxon">Asclepiadaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8"><span class="keyguide">hh)</span> Corona +absent:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9"><span class="keyguide">i)</span> Leaves +exstipulate:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl10"><span class="keyguide">j)</span> Trees, +shrubs or climbers often with milky juice; corolla lobes +contorted-imbricate or rarely valvate.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#apocynace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Apocynaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl10"><span class="keyguide">jj)</span> +Herbs; corolla lobes imbricate; disk present.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#scrophulariace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Scrophulariaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl10"><span class="keyguide">jjj)</span> +Herbs with spicate flowers and radical leaves; corolla lobes +imbricate; no disk.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#plantaginace"><span class="bold taxon">Plantaginaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9"><span class="keyguide">ii)</span> Leaves +stipulate or sheathing at the base.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#loganiace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Loganiaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7"><span class="keyguide">gg)</span> Styles +with more than 1 separate stigma:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8"><span class="keyguide">h)</span> Stamens +double the number of the corolla lobes; flowers dioecious; +endosperm copious, hard.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#ebenace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Ebenaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8"><span class="keyguide">hh)</span> +Stamens the same number as the corolla lobes:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9"><span class="keyguide">i)</span> +Rudimentary stipules often present; stamens and corolla lobes +4.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#salvadorace"><span class="bold taxon">Salvadoraceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9"><span class="keyguide">ii)</span> +Stipules absent:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl10"><span class="keyguide">j)</span> Style +gynobasic:</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#boraginace"><span class="bold taxon">Boraginaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl10"><span class="keyguide">jj)</span> +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_35">[35]</span>Style terminal:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl11"><span class="keyguide">k)</span> Trees +or shrubs:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl12"><span class="keyguide">l)</span> Ovules +numerous in each cell or, if solitary, then corolla lobes +valvate.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#loganiace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Loganiaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl12"><span class="keyguide">ll)</span> +Ovules 1-2 in each cell; corolla lobes imbricate.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#verbenace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Verbenaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl11"><span class="keyguide">kk)</span> Herbs +or herbaceous climbers:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl12"><span class="keyguide">l)</span> Ovary +imperfectly celled by the intrusive placentas.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#gentianace"><span class="bold taxon">Gentianaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl12"><span class="keyguide">ll)</span> Ovary +perfectly 2-celled with axile placentas; style simple.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#solanace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Solanaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">ee)</span> Leaves +alternate or all radical or reduced to scales:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">f)</span> +Leafless parasites destitute of chlorophyll; ovary 2-celled; ovules +2 in each cell.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#convolvulace"><span class="bold taxon">Convolvulaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">ff)</span> Not +parasitic or rarely so and then leafy:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7"><span class="keyguide">g)</span> Leaves +densely covered with viscid gland-tipped tentacles, mostly all +radical; more or less stemless herbs.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#droserace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Droseraceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7"><span class="keyguide">gg)</span> Leaves +without tentacles:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8"><span class="keyguide">h)</span> Leaves +stipulate:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9"><span class="keyguide">i)</span> Flowers +unisexual; petals not bifid.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#euphorbiace"><span class="bold taxon">Euphorbiaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9"><span class="keyguide">ii)</span> +Flowers hermaphrodite; petals bifid.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#chailletiace"><span class="bold taxon">Chailletiaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8"><span class="keyguide">hh)</span> Leaves +without stipules:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9"><span class="keyguide">i)</span> Stamens +hypogynous or perigynous, free from the corolla or slightly adnate +to its base:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl10"><span class="keyguide">j)</span> +Anthers opening by terminal pores, often with appendages; woody +plants.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#ericace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Ericaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl10"><span class="keyguide">jj)</span> +Anthers opening by longitudinal slits:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl11"><span class="keyguide">k)</span> +Stamens 4-6:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl12"><span class="keyguide">l)</span> Leaves +gland-dotted; petals connivent by their claws; disk usually +conspicuous.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#rutace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Rutaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl12"><span class="keyguide">ll)</span> +Leaves not gland-dotted.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl13"><span class="keyguide">m)</span> Petals +only slightly united at the base:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl14"><span class="keyguide">n)</span> Leaves +pinnate or 1-3-foliolate.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#connarace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Connaraceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl14"><span class="keyguide">nn)</span> +Leaves simple:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl15"><span class="keyguide">o)</span> +Stamens opposite the petals.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#olacace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Olacaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl15"><span class="keyguide">oo)</span> +Stamens alternate with the petals.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#pittosporace"><span class="bold taxon">Pittosporaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl13"><span class="keyguide">mm)</span> +Petals united high up, sometimes free at the base:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl14"><span class="keyguide">n)</span> Trees +or shrubs.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#burserace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Burseraceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl14"><span class="keyguide">nn)</span> +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_36">[36]</span>Herbs.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#campanulace"><span class="bold taxon">Campanulaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl11"><span class="keyguide">kk)</span> +Stamens more than 6:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl12"><span class="keyguide">l)</span> +Corolla tube fairly long; no disk; leaves not very small.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#ebenace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Ebenaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl12"><span class="keyguide">ll)</span> +Corolla tube very short; disk present; leaves very small.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#tamaricace"><span class="bold taxon">Tamaricaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9"><span class="keyguide">ii)</span> +Stamens inserted on or adnate to the corolla tube:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl10"><span class="keyguide">j)</span> Style +gynobasic:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl11"><span class="keyguide">k)</span> Style +1; fruit composed of pyrenes or nutlets; corolla imbricate or +contorted.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#boraginace"><span class="bold taxon">Boraginaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl11"><span class="keyguide">kk)</span> +Styles 2; fruit a capsule; corolla plicate.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#convolvulace"><span class="bold taxon">Convolvulaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl10"><span class="keyguide">jj)</span> Style +not gynobasic, terminal:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl11"><span class="keyguide">k)</span> +Corolla valvate or plaited in bud (in the latter case the limb may +be somewhat twisted but not truly imbricate):</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl12"><span class="keyguide">l)</span> Ovules +1-4 in each ovary cell; stamens inserted towards the base of the +corolla tube.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#convolvulace"><span class="bold taxon">Convolvulaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl12"><span class="keyguide">ll)</span> +Ovules numerous (rarely 3-6) in each ovary cell.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#solanace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Solanaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl11"><span class="keyguide">kk)</span> +Corolla imbricate:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl12"><span class="keyguide">l)</span> Herbs +with radical leaves and flowers in slender spikes.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#plantaginace"><span class="bold taxon">Plantaginaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl12"><span class="keyguide">ll)</span> +Herbs, trees or shrubs; flowers not in slender spikes:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl13"><span class="keyguide">m)</span> Ovules +1 in each cell; trees and shrubs.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#boraginace"><span class="bold taxon">Boraginaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl13"><span class="keyguide">mm)</span> +Ovules numerous in each cell; herbs or small shrubs.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#solanace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Solanaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">cc)</span> +Stamens fewer than the corolla lobes; leaves mostly opposite:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">d)</span> Flowers +actinomorphic:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">e)</span> Stamen +1; climbers or shrubs; seeds winged; one calyx lobe much larger +than the others and petaloid.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#loganiace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Loganiaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">ee)</span> +Stamens more than 1:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">f)</span> Stamens +6-8 opposite the inner lobes of the corolla; ovules solitary in +each cell; trees or shrubs.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sapotace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Sapotaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">ff)</span> +Stamens alternate with the corolla lobes:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7"><span class="keyguide">g)</span> +Peduncle of the inflorescence adnate to the petiole; corolla lobes +or some of them 2-cleft.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#chailletiace"><span class="bold taxon">Chailletiaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7"><span class="keyguide">gg)</span> +Peduncle not adnate to the petiole; corolla lobes not cleft or only +slightly so:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8"><span class="keyguide">h)</span> Ovules +few (1-4) in each cell of the ovary:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9"><span class="keyguide">i)</span> +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_37">[37]</span>Disk none; stamens 2; +shrubs, trees or climbers; leaves simple or pinnate.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#olacace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Olacaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9"><span class="keyguide">ii)</span> Disk +present; stamens usually 4; shrubs or trees; leaves simple or +digitate.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#verbenace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Verbenaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8"><span class="keyguide">hh)</span> Ovules +numerous:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9"><span class="keyguide">i)</span> Corolla +lobes minute, valvate, alternating with entire or 2-lobed +appendages.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#solanace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Solanaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9"><span class="keyguide">ii)</span> +Corolla lobes imbricate, without appendages.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#scrophulariace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Scrophulariaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">dd)</span> +Flowers zygomorphic:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">e)</span> Aquatic +herbs with bladder-like leaves; stamens 2; anthers 1-celled; sepals +2; ovules on a free basal placenta.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#lentibulariace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Lentibulariaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">ee)</span> +Characters not as above:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">f)</span> Ovary +not deeply lobed; style not gynobasic:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7"><span class="keyguide">g)</span> Ovules +numerous in the whole ovary or in each cell of the ovary, or if 2 +then superposed:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8"><span class="keyguide">h)</span> Leaves +pinnately compound; ovules numerous; seeds often winged, without +endosperm; shrubs or trees.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#bignoniace"><span class="bold taxon">Bignoniaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8"><span class="keyguide">hh)</span> Leaves +simple; mostly herbaceous:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9"><span class="keyguide">i)</span> Ovules +numerous; ovary 2-celled; seeds usually minute.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#scrophulariace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Scrophulariaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9"><span class="keyguide">ii)</span> Ovules +1 to many; ovary 2-4 celled; seeds not on hook-like funicles.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#pedaliace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Pedaliaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9"><span class="keyguide">iii)</span> +Ovules few; ovary 2-celled; leaves rarely all radical; seeds on +hook-like funicles.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#acanthace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Acanthaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7"><span class="keyguide">gg)</span> Ovule +solitary in each cell of the ovary or if 2 then collateral; herbs, +shrubs or trees.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#verbenace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Verbenaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">ff)</span> Ovary +deeply 4-lobed; style gynobasic; leaves opposite or verticillate; +flowers often in whorls; stems usually quadrangular.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#labiat"><span class= +"bold taxon">Labiatæ</span></a> +</p> +</div> + +<h3><a id="keydico12"></a><span class="bold">GROUP 12. One carpel +or more than one united carpels; ovules attached to the central +axis or to the base or apex of the ovary cell; ovary superior; +petals absent.</span> +</h3> + +<div class="key"> +<p class="keyline keylvl1"><span class="keyguide">a)</span> Calyx +absent from the hermaphrodite and often from the female +flowers:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2"><span class="keyguide">b)</span> +Moss-like or hepaticiform aquatic herbs with minute flowers; ovules +2 or more in a 1-celled ovary.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#podostemonace"><span class="bold taxon">Podostemonaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2"><span class="keyguide">bb)</span> +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_38">[38]</span>Above characters not +associated:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">c)</span> Flowers +surrounded by an involucre margined by fleshy glands; male flowers +several to numerous and each consisting of a single stamen, with a +single female flower often stalked in their midst.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#euphorbiace"><span class="bold taxon">Euphorbiaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">cc)</span> +Flowers not as above:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">d)</span> Leaves +stipulate, stipules sometimes adnate to the petiole:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">e)</span> Herbs +or shrubs; flowers in dense spikes; petioles not dilated and not +enclosing the young bud.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#piperace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Piperaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">ee)</span> Trees +or shrubs; flowers on a common open receptacle, the fruit becoming +immersed in it.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#morace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Moraceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">dd)</span> Leaves +without stipules; herbs sometimes slightly woody at the base; ovary +1-celled.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#urticace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Urticaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl1"><span class="keyguide">aa)</span> Calyx +always present:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2"><span class="keyguide">b)</span> +Moss-like or hepaticiform aquatic herbs with minute flowers; ovules +2 or more in a 1-celled ovary.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#podostemonace"><span class="bold taxon">Podostemonaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2"><span class="keyguide">bb)</span> Above +characters not associated:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">c)</span> Leaves +opposite or verticillate, never all radical:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">d)</span> Leaves +stipulate:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">e)</span> Flowers +hermaphrodite:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">f)</span> Herbs, +sometimes slightly woody at the base; leaves mostly pinnate.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#zygophyllace"><span class="bold taxon">Zygophyllaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">ff)</span> Herbs +with simple leaves.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#illecebrace"><span class="bold taxon">Illecebraceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">fff)</span> Trees +or shrubs with reduced flowers; leaves simple.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#ulmace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Ulmaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">ee)</span> +Flowers unisexual:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">f)</span> Ovary +2- or more-celled, often deeply lobed; seeds usually with a +distinct caruncle.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#euphorbiace"><span class="bold taxon">Euphorbiaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">ff)</span> Ovary +1-celled; ovary usually not lobed:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7"><span class="keyguide">g)</span> Ovule +erect:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8"><span class="keyguide">h)</span> +Filaments inflexed; mostly herbaceous with fibrous stems; juice not +milky.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#urticace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Urticaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8"><span class="keyguide">hh)</span> +Filaments not inflexed; mostly trees and shrubs, rarely herbs; +juice mostly milky, the flowers often minute and arranged on or +inside an enlarged receptacle.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#morace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Moraceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7"><span class="keyguide">gg)</span> Ovule +pendulous:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8"><span class="keyguide">h)</span> Not +aquatic:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9"><span class="keyguide">i)</span> +Filaments not inflexed in bud:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl10"><span class="keyguide">j)</span> Fruit +a drupe; flowers monœcious or subdiœcious.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#ulmace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Ulmaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl10"><span class="keyguide">jj)</span> +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_39">[39]</span>Fruit a small dry +achene; flowers diœcious.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#cannabinace"><span class="bold taxon">Cannabinaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9"><span class="keyguide">ii)</span> +Filaments erect or inflexed in bud.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#morace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Moraceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8"><span class="keyguide">hh)</span> +Aquatic herb with verticillate divided leaves.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#ceratophyllace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Ceratophyllaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">dd)</span> Leaves +exstipulate:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">e)</span> Flowers +unisexual; ovary usually 2- or more celled; seeds usually with a +distinct caruncle.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#euphorbiace"><span class="bold taxon">Euphorbiaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">ee)</span> +Flowers hermaphrodite; ovary 1-celled:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">f)</span> Stamens +involute in bud; calyx more or less herbaceous, often long and +tubular, mostly covered with sticky glands.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#nyctaginace"><span class="bold taxon">Nyctaginaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">ff)</span> +Stamens erect in bud:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7"><span class="keyguide">g)</span> Sepals +free or nearly so, calyx more or less dry and scarious:</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#amarantace"><span class="bold taxon">Amarantaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7"><span class="keyguide">gg)</span> Sepals +more or less united, herbaceous.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#ficoidace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Ficoidaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">cc)</span> Leaves +alternate or radical or reduced to scales:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">d)</span> Leaves +stipulate:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">e)</span> Stamens +monadelphous, usually numerous; calyx valvate:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">f)</span> Flowers +usually hermaphrodite; hairs usually stellate.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#sterculiace"><span class="bold taxon">Sterculiaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">ff)</span> +Flowers always unisexual; hairs often simple.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#euphorbiace"><span class="bold taxon">Euphorbiaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">ee)</span> +Stamens free or shortly connate only at the base:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">f)</span> Stamens +the same number as the sepals and alternate with them.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#rhamnace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Rhamnaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">ff)</span> +Stamens the same number as the sepals and opposite to them, or more +numerous or fewer:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7"><span class="keyguide">g)</span> +Stipules ochreate, <em>i.e.</em>, sheathing and more or less +membranous around the stem; fruit a small nut.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#polygonace"><span class="bold taxon">Polygonaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7"><span class="keyguide">gg)</span> +Stipules not ochreate:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8"><span class="keyguide">h)</span> Flowers +hermaphrodite; stipules sheathing, sometimes adnate to the +petiole:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9"><span class="keyguide">i)</span> Leaves +digitately lobed; stems herbaceous creeping.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#rosace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Rosaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9"><span class="keyguide">ii)</span> Leaves +not digitate; erect or diffuse herbs.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#molluginace"><span class="bold taxon">Molluginaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8"><span class="keyguide">hh)</span> +Flowers unisexual; stems not creeping:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9"><span class="keyguide">i)</span> Ovary +3-celled, composed of 3 carpels; fruit a capsule.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#euphorbiace"><span class="bold taxon">Euphorbiaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9"><span class="keyguide">ii)</span> Ovary +1-celled, composed of 1 carpel, fruit not a capsule.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#morace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Moraceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">dd)</span> +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_40">[40]</span>Leaves +exstipulate:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">e)</span> Leaves +ternately compound; herbs; ovary composed of 1 carpel, +long-stipitate in fruit; flowers paniculate or racemose, very +small.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#ranunculace"><span class="bold taxon">Ranunculaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">ee)</span> Leaves +compound; trees and shrubs:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">f)</span> +Cultivated trees with milky latex; fruit a capsule, with pendulous +seeds; flowers unisexual; leaves digitate.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#euphorbiace"><span class="bold taxon">Euphorbiaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">ff)</span> +Indigenous trees or shrub; latex not milky; leaves pinnate.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sapindace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Sapindaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">eee)</span> +Leaves simple:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">f)</span> Stamens +circinnately involute in bud; calyx tube often rather long; ovary +1-celled; ovule 1, basal.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#nyctaginace"><span class="bold taxon">Nyctaginaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">ff)</span> +Stamens sometimes inflexed but not circinnate in bud:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7"><span class="keyguide">g)</span> Stamens +more or less connate into a central column; ovule erect; seeds with +ruminate endosperm.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><span class="bold taxon">Myristicaceæ</span> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7"><span class="keyguide">gg)</span> +Stamens free or the filaments shortly connate only at the base:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8"><span class="keyguide">h)</span> Stamens +distinctly perigynous; sepals connate into a tube below:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9"><span class="keyguide">i)</span> +Twiners; flowers in axillary spikes, racemes or panicles; ovule +solitary, basal.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#basellace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Basellaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9"><span class="keyguide">ii)</span> Herbs; +stamens numerous; flowers solitary or clustered in the axils of the +leaves.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#ficoidace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Ficoidaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9"><span class="keyguide">iii)</span> Trees +or shrubs; calyx mostly long and petaloid; leaves frequently small +and evergreen; stamens definite; anthers opening by slits.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#thymelaeace"><span class="bold taxon">Thymelæaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8"><span class="keyguide">hh)</span> +Stamens hypogynous or slightly perigynous if accompanied by a +disk:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9"><span class="keyguide">i)</span> Flowers +arranged in an involucre (cyathium) margined by glands; male flower +reduced to a single stamen, the female to a single stipitate +ovary.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#euphorbiace"><span class="bold taxon">Euphorbiaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9"><span class="keyguide">ii)</span> +Flowers not as above; stamens more than 1:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl10"><span class="keyguide">j)</span> Trees +or shrubs:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl11"><span class="keyguide">k)</span> +Flowers unisexual; ovules solitary, pendulous; seed with straight +embryo.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#euphorbiace"><span class="bold taxon">Euphorbiaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl11"><span class="keyguide">kk)</span> +Flowers unisexual or polygamous; ovules 2 in each cell, collateral +or the lower ascending; embryo spirally twisted.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sapindace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Sapindaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl10"><span class="keyguide">jj)</span> +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_41">[41]</span>Herbs:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl11"><span class="keyguide">k)</span> Calyx +scarious; flowers often in spikes or heads; ovule 1 in a 1-celled +ovary.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#amarantace"><span class="bold taxon">Amarantaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl11"><span class="keyguide">kk)</span> Calyx +herbaceous; flowers more or less paniculate; ovule 1 in a 1-celled +ovary.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#chenopodiace"><span class="bold taxon">Chenopodiaceæ</span></a> +</p> +</div> + +<h3><a id="keydico13"></a><span class="bold">GROUP 13. One carpel +or more than one united carpels; ovules attached to the central +axis or to the base or apex of the ovary cell; ovary inferior; +petals present, free from each other.</span> +</h3> + +<div class="key"> +<p class="keyline keylvl1"><span class="keyguide">a)</span> Leaves +opposite or verticillate; never all radical; rarely reduced to +scales:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2"><span class="keyguide">b)</span> Leaves +stipulate:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">c)</span> Stamens +opposite the petals and the same number.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#rhamnace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Rhamnaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">cc)</span> +Stamens alternate with the petals or more numerous:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">d)</span> Ovary +composed of 2-6 carpels; 2-6 celled; flowers rarely congested; +ovules pendulous; mostly maritime trees or shrubs.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#rhizophorace"><span class="bold taxon">Rhizophoraceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">dd)</span> Ovary +various; flowers rarely in heads; ovules ascending or attached to +the central axis; trees, shrubs or herbs.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#rosace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Rosaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2"><span class="keyguide">bb)</span> Leaves +exstipulate:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">c)</span> Trees, +shrubs or climbers:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">d)</span> Stamens +numerous; leaves gland-dotted; style simple with a small capitate +stigma or rarely 3-4 lobed.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#myrtace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Myrtaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">dd)</span> +Stamens as many to twice as many as the petals:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">e)</span> Stamens +the same number and opposite the petals; mostly parasitic shrubs or +trees; calyx usually much reduced.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#loranthace"><span class="bold taxon">Loranthaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">ee)</span> +Stamens the same number and alternate with the petals or more +numerous:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">f)</span> Anthers +opening by a terminal pore; filaments often jointed; leaves often +with 3-9 longitudinally parallel nerves.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#melastomatace"><span class="bold taxon">Melastomataceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">ff)</span> +Anthers opening by longitudinal slits; calyx mostly valvate; ovules +2 or more; fruits mostly winged; endosperm absent; flowers in +heads, spikes, racemes or panicles.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#combretace"><span class="bold taxon">Combretaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">cc)</span> +Herbs:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">d)</span> Anthers +opening by a terminal pore; leaves mostly with longitudinally +parallel nerves; filaments often jointed.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#melastomatace"><span class="bold taxon">Melastomataceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">dd)</span> +Anthers opening by longitudinal slits:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">e)</span> Ovules +numerous on placentas pendulous from the apex of the 1-celled +ovary.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#saxifragace"><span class="bold taxon">Saxifragaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">ee)</span> +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_42">[42]</span>Ovules 1-4, pendulous +from the top of the ovary cells.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#halorrhagace"><span class="bold taxon">Halorrhagaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl1"><span class="keyguide">aa)</span> Leaves +alternate or all radical:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2"><span class="keyguide">b)</span> Flowers +unisexual:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">c)</span> Flowers +mostly zygomorphic; stamens mostly indefinite in number; no +tendrils; stipules paired.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><span class="bold taxon">Begoniaceæ</span> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">cc)</span> +Flowers actinomorphic; stamens definite or rarely many, usually 3; +anthers often curved or twisted; tendrils present or absent; no +stipules.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#cucurbitace"><span class="bold taxon">Cucurbitaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2"><span class="keyguide">bb)</span> +Flowers hermaphrodite:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">c)</span> Leaves +stipulate:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">d)</span> Herbs; +leaves usually compound or much dissected, sometimes peltate; +sepals very small; fruit composed of 2 indehiscent mericarps.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#umbellifer"><span class="bold taxon">Umbelliferæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">dd)</span> Trees +or shrubs:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">e)</span> Stamens +the same number and opposite the petals; leaves entire or +toothed.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#rhamnace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Rhamnaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">ee)</span> +Stamens alternate with the petals or more numerous or fewer; +flowers mostly in umbels; leaves compound, rarely simple; fruit a +berry or drupe.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><span class="bold taxon">Araliaceæ</span> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">cc)</span> Leaves +exstipulate:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">d)</span> Stamens +as many as and opposite to the petals; often parasitic on other +trees and shrubs; corolla usually brightly coloured.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#loranthace"><span class="bold taxon">Loranthaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">dd)</span> +Stamens alternate with the petals or more numerous; not +parasitic:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">e)</span> +Herbs:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">f)</span> Ovules +more than 1 in each ovary cell; ovary mostly 4-celled.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#onagrace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Onagraceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">ff)</span> Ovules +4 in a 1-celled ovary; flowers monœcious or polygamous, not +umbellate.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#halorrhagace"><span class="bold taxon">Halorrhagaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">fff)</span> +Ovules solitary in each cell; usually pendulous; flowers umbellate; +carpels separating in fruit into 2 indehiscent mericarps.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#umbellifer"><span class="bold taxon">Umbelliferæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">ee)</span> Shrubs +or trees:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">f)</span> Petals +entire or at most toothed; ovary 1-celled.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#combretace"><span class="bold taxon">Combretaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">ff)</span> Petals +entire, 2-lobed or laciniate, often involute; ovary 4-celled.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#rhizophorace"><span class="bold taxon">Rhizophoraceæ</span></a> +</p> +</div> + +<h3><span class="pagenum" id="Page_43">[43]</span><a id= +"keydico14"></a><span class="bold">GROUP 14. One carpel or more +than one united carpel; ovules attached to the central axis or to +the base or apex of the ovary cell; ovary inferior; petals present, +more or less united.</span> +</h3> + +<div class="key"> +<p class="keyline keylvl1"><span class="keyguide">a)</span> Leave +opposite:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2"><span class="keyguide">b)</span> Leaves +stipulate, entire, stipules mostly inter- or intrapetiolar; anthers +free from each other; corolla always actinomorphic.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#rubiace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Rubiaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2"><span class="keyguide">bb)</span> Leaves +exstipulate:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">c)</span> Anthers +free from each other; ovules mostly pendulous:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">d)</span> Leaves +not gland-dotted; stamens definite; shrubs, mostly parasitic on +trees; flowers usually not in heads and not surrounded by +bracts.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#loranthace"><span class="bold taxon">Loranthaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">dd)</span> Leaves +gland-dotted; stamens mostly numerous; trees or shrubs; flowers +cymose or fasciculate.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#myrtace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Myrtaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">cc)</span> +Anthers mostly connivent or in pairs around the style:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">d)</span> Ovule +solitary erect; flowers mostly in heads surrounded by an involucre +of bracts.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#composit"><span class= +"bold taxon">Compositæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">dd)</span> Ovules +numerous; flowers usually not in heads and not surrounded by +bracts.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#campanulace"><span class="bold taxon">Campanulaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl1"><span class="keyguide">aa)</span> Leaves +alternate or radical:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2"><span class="keyguide">b)</span> Anthers +free from one another:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">c)</span> Stamens +the same number and opposite the corolla lobes:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">d)</span> +Herbaceous, leaves not gland-dotted.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#primulace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Primulaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">dd)</span> Trees +and shrubs:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">e)</span> Not +parasitic; leaves often gland-dotted; corolla short.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#myrsinace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Myrsinaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">ee)</span> Often +parasitic; leaves not gland-dotted; corolla often long.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#loranthace"><span class="bold taxon">Loranthaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">cc)</span> +Stamens alternate with the corolla lobes or more numerous or +fewer:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">d)</span> Flowers +hermaphrodite; stems not climbing; anthers straight.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#campanulace"><span class="bold taxon">Campanulaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">dd)</span> +Flowers unisexual; stems often climbing by tendrils; anthers often +sinuous or twisted.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#cucurbitace"><span class="bold taxon">Cucurbitaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2"><span class="keyguide">bb)</span> +Anthers united into a ring around the style or flowers +unisexual:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">c)</span> Flowers +not in heads surrounded by a common involucre.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#lobeliace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Lobeliaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">cc)</span> +Flowers in heads surrounded by a common involucre.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#composit"><span class= +"bold taxon">Compositæ</span></a> +</p> +</div> + +<h3><span class="pagenum" id="Page_44">[44]</span><a id= +"keydico15"></a><span class="bold">GROUP 15. One carpel or more +than one united carpels; ovules attached to the central axis or to +the base or apex of the ovary cell; ovary inferior; petals +absent.</span> +</h3> + +<div class="key"> +<p class="keyline keylvl1"><span class="keyguide">a)</span> +Parasitic herbs destitute of chlorophyll, the leaves reduced to +scales; ovules nude or with a single integument:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2"><span class="keyguide">b)</span> Flowers +densely crowded; fruits nut-like, 1-seeded; ovule solitary, +pendulous.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><span class="bold taxon">Balanophoraceæ</span> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2"><span class="keyguide">bb)</span> +Flowers solitary, large; ovules numerous.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#hydnorace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Hydnoraceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl1"><span class="keyguide">aa)</span> Not +parasitic or if so then more or less woody and often with normally +developed leaves:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2"><span class="keyguide">b)</span> Leaves +stipulate:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">c)</span> Flowers +unisexual, stamens and ovules few, the latter solitary; trees or +shrubs.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#morace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Moraceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">cc)</span> +Flowers hermaphrodite; stamens the same number and alternate with +the sepals.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#rhamnace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Rhamnaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2"><span class="keyguide">bb)</span> Leaves +exstipulate:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">c)</span> Ovules +pendulous from the apex of the ovary or from the apex of a basal +placenta:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">d)</span> Not +parasitic; stamens inflexed in bud, often double the number of the +sepals; fruits often winged.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#combretace"><span class="bold taxon">Combretaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">dd)</span> Mostly +parasitic; flowers small and leaves often reduced; stamens erect in +bud, the same number and opposite the sepals; fruit not winged.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#santalace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Santalaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">cc)</span> Ovule +1, erect; mostly parasitic; flowers often brightly coloured.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#loranthace"><span class="bold taxon">Loranthaceæ</span></a> +</p> +</div> + +<h2><span class="pagenum" id="Page_45">[45]</span><a id= +"keymono"></a>ARTIFICIAL KEY TO THE FAMILIES OF MONOCOTYLEDONES +REPRESENTED IN THIS FLORA.</h2> + +<div class="key"> +<p class="keyline keylvl1"><span class="keyguide">a)</span> Flowers +very small, arranged on a spadix, more or less enclosed by a green +or coloured spathe; erect, creeping or climbing herbs; rootstock +often tuberous or thick and fleshy.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#arace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Araceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl1"><span class="keyguide">aa)</span> +Flowers not arranged as above:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2"><span class="keyguide">b)</span> Small +or minute floating plants not differentiated into stem and leaves +and with much reduced flowers consisting of 1-2 stamens and a +sessile ovary either naked or enclosed in a membranous perianth, +anthers 1-2 celled; ovary 1-celled; ovule 1 or more on a basal +placenta.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#lemnace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Lemnaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2"><span class="keyguide">bb)</span> +Characters not as above; if aquatic plants then usually with +well-developed leaves:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">c)</span> Ovary +apocarpous, of more than 1 carpel:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">d)</span> +Submerged aquatic plants:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">e)</span> +Perianth-segments 1-3, white or coloured.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#aponogetonace"><span class="bold taxon">Aponogetonaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">ee)</span> +Perianth-segments 4 and herbaceous, or absent.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#potamogetonace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Potamogetonaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">dd)</span> Not +aquatic or if so then not submerged:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">e)</span> Carpels +indehiscent; ovules 1 to few, basal or on the inner angle of the +carpel; marsh or aquatic herbs.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#alismatace"><span class="bold taxon">Alismataceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">ee)</span> +Carpels dehiscent; ovules numerous on reticulately branched +parietal placentas; scapigerous marsh herbs with milky juice; +stamens usually 9.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#butomace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Butomaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">eee)</span> +Carpels or fruit indehiscent, trees or shrubs with simple stems and +usually large, often palmate leaves.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#palm"><span class= +"bold taxon">Palmaceæ</span></a> (part)</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="keyguide">cc)</span> Ovary +syncarpous or carpel solitary:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">d)</span> Ovary +superior:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">e)</span> Flowers +in the axils of membranous or more or less dry bracts (glumes) +arranged in spikelets mostly arranged in spikes, racemes, panicles +or heads; carpel solitary; perianth of small scales or bristles or +absent:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">f)</span> Stems +usually triangular, solid and without nodes; leaf-sheaths mostly +closed all round the stem and usually<span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_46">[46]</span> without a ligule; filament often attached to +the base of the anther; ovule basal; seed free from the +pericarp.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#cyperace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Cyperaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">ff)</span> Stems +mostly cylindrical and hollow between the nodes; leaf-sheaths +nearly always split down one side and often terminating in a +distinct ligule; filament usually attached to the back of the +anther; ovule attached laterally; seed more or less adnate to the +pericarp.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#gramine"><span class= +"bold taxon">Gramineæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">ee)</span> +Flowers usually with a distinct perianth or at any rate not in +spikelets, etc., as above; ovary usually composed of more than 1 +carpel:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">f)</span> Flowers +mostly hermaphrodite or if unisexual then not collected into +involucrate heads or dense spikes:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7"><span class="keyguide">g)</span> Ovules +on parietal placentas; fertile stamens 3: all the perianth-segments +petaloid; aquatic herbs; stamens 3 or 1.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#pontederiace"><span class="bold taxon">Pontederiaceæ</span></a> +(part)</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7"><span class="keyguide">gg)</span> Ovules +on axile or basal placentas; fertile stamens usually 6:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8"><span class="keyguide">h)</span> +Perianth present:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9"><span class="keyguide">i)</span> +Perianth-segments 2-seriate, the outer herbaceous, the inner +petaloid; leaf-bases sheathing.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#commelinace"><span class="bold taxon">Commelinaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9"><span class="keyguide">ii)</span> +Perianth-segments all more or less petaloid:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl10"><span class="keyguide">j)</span> +Aquatic floating herbs with long petioles sheathing at the base; 3 +upper stamens included, 3 lower ones more or less exserted.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#pontederiace"><span class="bold taxon">Pontederiaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl10"><span class="keyguide">jj)</span> Not +aquatic or rarely subaquatic; stamens 6, more or less equal;</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#liliace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Liliaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8"><span class="keyguide">hh)</span> +Perianth absent or very rudimentary; carpel 1; submerged aquatics +with branched filiform smooth or muricate stems, flowers diœcious +or monœcious, axillary, small.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#naiadace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Naiadaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">ff)</span> +Flowers unisexual, collected into involucrate heads or dense +spikes:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7"><span class="keyguide">g)</span> Flowers +in dense involucrate heads; low herbs often stemless with mostly +densely crowded leaves.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#eriocaulace"><span class="bold taxon">Eriocaulaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7"><span class="keyguide">gg)</span> +Flowers in spadices; trees or shrubs, the stems bearing thick +aerial roots.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#pandanace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Pandanaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7"><span class="keyguide">ggg)</span> +Flowers in dense cylindric spikes; aquatic herbs with linear +alternate leaves and creeping rhizomes.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#typhace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Typhaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4"><span class="keyguide">dd)</span> Ovary +inferior:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">e)</span> Stamens +3-6:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">f)</span> Ovules +parietal:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7"><span class="keyguide">g)</span> +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_47">[47]</span>Leaves not divided; +stigma not umbrella-shaped, flowers hermaphrodite or unisexual.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#hydrocharitace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Hydrocharitaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7"><span class="keyguide">gg)</span> Leaves +divided; stigma umbrella-shaped; leaves large, divided.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#taccace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Taccaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">ff)</span> Ovules +axile, basal or apical:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7"><span class="keyguide">g)</span> +Perianth-lobes or segments 3-6:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8"><span class="keyguide">h)</span> Stamens +6 or 3; flowers very small, diœcious; stems climbing.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#dioscoreace"><span class="bold taxon">Dioscoreaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8"><span class="keyguide">hh)</span> +Stamens 6; flowers conspicuous, hermaphrodite; stems not +climbing.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#amaryllidace"><span class="bold taxon">Amaryllidaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8"><span class="keyguide">hhh)</span> +Stamens 3; inserted opposite the outer perianth-segments; not +climbing.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#iridace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Iridaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7"><span class="keyguide">gg)</span> +Perianth-segment 1; stamens 5, rarely 6; leaves with pinnate +nervation; tall plants.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#musace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Musaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="keyguide">ee)</span> Stamen +1:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">f)</span> Flowers +actinomorphic or nearly so:</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7"><span class="keyguide">g)</span> Anthers +2-celled; ovules numerous; perianth-segments united below.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href= +"#zingiberace"><span class="bold taxon">Zingiberaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7"><span class="keyguide">gg)</span> +Anthers 1-celled; ovules solitary in each cell; petiole thickened +towards the apex.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#marantace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Marantaceæ</span></a> +</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6"><span class="keyguide">ff)</span> +Flowers very zygomorphic; ovules numerous; andrœcium united with +the gynæcium into a column; anther sessile or subsessile on the +column.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#orchidace"><span class= +"bold taxon">Orchidaceæ</span></a> +</p> +</div> + +<hr class="chap"> + +<h2 class="bold xxlarge"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_48">[48]</span><a id="gymno"></a>GYMNOSPERMÆ</h2> + +<h4 class="family" id="cycadace">CYCADACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn1"><span class="sn">1</span><span class= +"taxon bold">Encephalartos septentrionalis</span> <em>Schwfth.</em> +MURIEPAI—Zande; KOTTO—Krej & Indogo.</p> + +<p class="p2">Palm-like undershrub; stem fusiform or globose; up to +2 ft. high. Leaves up to 5 ft. long, pinnate, pinnules up to 50 +pairs, ovate-lanceolate, falcate, 4-5 in. long, with 3-8 teeth in +basal half, densely tomentose on young fronds.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Golo; Deim Zubeir; +Niamniam-land: Mambeli, Gumango Hill near the Rye, on the Ibba +(Tonj) River, east of the upper Hoo; Bongo; Lessi River).</p> + +<p class="p3">A kind of beer is made from the central portion of +the stem.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="gnetace">GNETACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn2"><span class="sn">2</span><span class= +"taxon bold">Ephedra Alte</span> <em>C. A. Mey.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Diœcious shrub, climbing or erect; branches more or +less whorled on upper nodes. Leaves scale-like in whorls of 2-3, +connate at base. Male spikes axillary, solitary or in dense +glomerules. Fem. spikes solitary or fascicled.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.).</p> + +<h2 class="bold xxlarge"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_49">[49]</span>ANGIOSPERMÆ</h2> + +<h3 class="bold xlarge"><a id="dico"></a>DICOTYLEDONES</h3> + +<h4 class="family" id="anonace">ANONACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn3"><span class="sn">3</span><span class= +"taxon bold">Uvaria bukobensis</span> <em>Eng.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small tree. Leaves oblong-elliptic, obtusely +acuminate, up to 6 in. long, nearly glabrous. Flowers usually in +pairs above the axils. Sepals and petals warted and shortly +tomentose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn3-2" title="Uvaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">U. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Eng.</em> & +<em>Diels.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves oblong cordate at the base, subacutely +acuminate, 3-4 in. long, with long weak hairs on the midrib. +Flowers yellow, small. Petals ¾ in. long. Fruiting carpels oblong +with 3 or 4 transverse constrictions, rusty-hairy.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Ibba River near Nganye: +Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn3-3" title="Uvaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">U. near U. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Eng.</em> & +<em>Diels.</em> (small leaves).</p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves oblong-lanceolate, rounded at the base, acute, +2-2½ in. long, ¾-1 in. broad, covered below with soft stellate +hairs. Flowers very small; buds ovoid. Fruiting carpels oblong, +with about 5 transverse constrictions, rusty-tomentose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: Kuddu).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn3-4" title="Uvaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">U. verrucosa</span> <em>Eng.</em> & +<em>Diels.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Branchlets scurfy. Leaves oblong-elliptic, +subcordate, 6 in. long, with numerous lateral nerves, closely +stellate-tomentellous below; flowers not known. Fruiting carpels +long stalked, warted.</p> + +<p class="p2">Congo Border by the Kambele.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn4"><span class="sn">4</span><span class= +"taxon bold">Meiocarpidium lepidotum</span> <em>Eng.</em> & +<em>Diels.</em> WINGA—Jur.</p> + +<p class="p2">Small to middle-sized tree. Leaves oblong, +long-acuminate, up to 8 in. long, densely scaly below. Flowers +covered with scales. Fruiting carpels terete.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Tonj).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn5"><span class="sn">5</span><span class= +"taxon bold">Hexalobus monopetalus</span> <em>Eng.</em> & +<em>Diels.</em> M’BANDA—Golo.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tree; fruit said to be edible. Leaves oblong, up to 5 +in. long. Flowers cream-coloured, sessile; 1-3 together, axillary; +carpels 4-6.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Jur Ghattas and +Kutshuk Ali, Mittu-land: Mvolo, near Biri River); Bahr El Jebel +(Madi & Bari countries).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn5-2" title="Hexalobus"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. grandiflorus</span> <em>Benth.</em> BEJUGOLO & +PORO—Golo.</p> + +<p class="p2">Middle-sized tree, with handsome pendant +cream-coloured petals. Leaves narrowly oval or oblanceolate, +glabrous, carpels 10-12; ovary pilose.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_50">[50]</span>Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land, Niamniam-land, Mittu-land & Dar +Fertit).</p> + +<p class="p3">White wood used for carpentry.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn6"><span class="sn">6</span><span class= +"taxon bold">Popowia djurensis</span> <em>Eng.</em> & +<em>Diels.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Scandent shrub. Leaves small, up to 2 in. long, +obtuse, oblong. Flowers in shortly stalked axillary clusters.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land, Bongo-land & near +Biri River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn6-2" title="Popowia"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Eng.</em> & +<em>Diels.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Scandent shrub. Leaves up to 6 in. long, +sub-acuminate. Flowers very small, axillary, in pairs on slender +pedicels.</p> + +<p class="p2">Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Mbrwole +River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn7"><span class="sn">7</span><span class= +"taxon bold">Xylopia near oxypetala</span> <em>Eng.</em> & +<em>Diels.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtusely acuminate, 2-4 in. +long, 1 in. broad, finely pubescent below. Flowers axillary, +subsessile. Fruits tomentose, glabrous, whitish.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the +Nabambisso River); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Mbrwole +River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn7-2" title="Xylopia"><span class= +"taxon bold">X. Vallotii</span> <em>Chipp.</em> CHUWEI (J. +Eliri)—Nuba.</p> + +<p class="p2">A middle-sized, straight tree. Leaves +oblong-lanceolate, 2-2½ in. long, 1 in. broad, rounded at base. +Fruiting carpels up to about 1 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nuba Mountains Prov. (J. Eliri).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn8"><span class="sn">8</span><span class= +"taxon bold">Anona senegalensis</span> <em>Pers.</em> KATEING (J. +Eliri)—Nuba; APINROT—Dinka; AMBALU—Jur; BAFI, DU, NDU & NU—Golo; +BOGORA—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Small tree; fruit up to size of a small orange, +edible, nearly smooth. Flowers solitary, pedunculate. Leaves +oblong-elliptical to broadly elliptical, pubescent above. Petals +6.</p> + +<p class="p2">Upper Nile Prov.; Nuba Mountains Prov.; Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Wau, Niamniam & Jur-land).</p> + +<p class="p3">The fruit is edible; the boiled leaves are used as a +perfume by Golo women. In Western Africa the whole plant is used in +native medicine.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn8-2" title="Anona"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. reticulata</span> <em>Linn.</em> Bullock’s +heart—Introduced.</p> + +<p class="p2">Small tree. Leaves narrow oval-oblong. Flowers 2-4 +together; petals 3. Fruit cordate or ovoid, faintly marked.</p> + +<p class="p2">Khartoum Prov. (Khartoum North: Shambat).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn8-3" title="Anona"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. squamosa</span> <em>Linn.</em> Custard +Apple—GISHTA—Arab; Introduced.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub or small tree. Fruit ab. 2-3 in. across, green, +marked with somewhat rhomboidal adnate scales; pulp white, seeds +black. Petals 3.</p> + +<p class="p2">Grown in gardens in many parts of the country.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn8-4" title="Anona"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. Cherimolla</span> <em>Mill.</em> Cherimoyer. +Introduced.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub. Leaves acute to nearly obtuse. Flowers +solitary or in pairs; petals 3. Fruit sub-ovoid-cordate with +obtusely tubercled areoles.</p> + +<p class="p2">Khartoum Prov. (Khartoum North: Shambat).</p> + +<p class="p2">The best of the Anonas.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn9"><span class="sn">9</span><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_51">[51]</span><span class="taxon bold">Monodora +sp. nov.</span> +</p> + +<p class="p2">A fine foliage tree 20 ft. Leaves oblong-elliptic, +obtuse, cordate at the base, 10-12 in. long, with numerous lateral +nerves; flowers not known, but probably handsome and mottled.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="ranunculace">RANUNCULACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn10"><span class= +"sn">10</span><span class="taxon bold">Clematis +inciso-dentata</span> <em>Hochst.</em> SHADDEIP—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Woody climber. Leaves variable, pinnately or +ternately divided. Flowers in terminal or axillary panicles. Sepals +petaloid, white, hairy inside; petals 0. Fruiting head of silky +white achenes.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Province (Erkowit); Nuba Mountains Prov. +(Khor Abu Habl, Dilling).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn10-2" title="Clematis"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. glaucescens</span> <em>Fresen.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Weak woody climber. Leaves ternately divided, softly +hairy below. Flowers in short terminal and axillary panicles. +Sepals very silky. Fruiting heads with silky achenes shortly +tailed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Doguddu & Sabbi). +Darfur Prov. (Kulme).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn10-3" title="Clematis"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. cf. C. glaucescens</span> <em>Fresen.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">As above, but much longer tails to the achenes.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn10-4" title="Clematis"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. simensis</span> <em>Fresen.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Woody climber. Leaves pinnatisect; leaflets 1-5, +ovate to ovate-lanceolate, crenate-serrate. Panicles many flowered. +Flowers white, ¾ in. diam.; sepals short silky within. Carpels +hairy; tails 1 in. or more.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Kulme & Jebel Marra; +up to 9,500 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn10-5" title="Clematis"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. grata</span> <em>Wall.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Climber. Leaves pinnatisect; leaflets 3-7, ovate, +rounded or cordate at base, broadly crenate, silky or pubescent +beneath. Flowers ¾ in. in diam.; sepals nearly glabrous inside.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn11"><span class= +"sn">11</span><span class="taxon bold">Clematopsis Oliveri</span> +<em>Hutchinson.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect semi-woody plant. Upper leaves usually 3-fol., +lower often 1-fol.; leaflets obovate to linear-oblong. Flowers +white, solitary; petals 0. Achenes silky with long plumose +tails.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn12"><span class= +"sn">12</span><span class="taxon bold">Ranunculus pubescens</span> +<em>Thunb.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb. Stems erect 1-2 ft. high. Lowest pinnæ usually +petiolulate, lobes 3-fid or 3-partite; uppermost leaves sessile, +3-fid or rarely entire. Petals 5, yellow.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (Jebel Marra, 6,000 to 9,000 ft. +Kulme).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn13"><span class= +"sn">13</span><span class="taxon bold">Nigella sativa</span> +<em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect herb. Sepals petaloid, blue; carpels connected +together in the middle, diverging above into 5 points.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (Melit & Jebel Marra, 6,500 ft.).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="ceratophyllace"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_52">[52]</span>CERATOPHYLLACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn14"><span class= +"sn">14</span><span class="taxon bold">Ceratophyllum +demersum</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Sea-weed-like aquatic herb with verticils of 2-fid or +dichotomously divided and toothed leaves. Flowers axillary, +monœcious, minute.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov. (several places); Sobat +River; Bahr El Jebel (Mouth); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (above the mouth +of the Jur River, etc.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn14-2" title="Ceratophyllum"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. spp.</span> +</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov.; Sobat River; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; +Bahr El Jebel.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="nymphaeace">NYMPHÆACEÆ (Water lilies).</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn15"><span class= +"sn">15</span><span class="taxon bold">Nymphæa micrantha</span> +<em>Guill.</em> & <em>Perr.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Aquatic herb with broadly ovate sagittate leaves and +hairy bulbil at the apex of the petiole. Flowers about 2½ in. long. +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Kulongo).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn15-2" title="Nymphaea"><span class= +"taxon bold">N. nubica</span> <em>Lehm.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Aquatic herb with large almost orbicular peltate +leaves with undulate margins. Flowers about 4 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn15-3" title="Nymphaea"><span class= +"taxon bold">N. cærulea</span> <em>Savign.</em> SUTEIB—Arab; +TWAL—Nuer.</p> + +<p class="p2">Aquatic herb. Leaves ovate-orbicular, very deeply +cordate at the base, glabrous, about 5 in. long. Flowers 2½ in. +long, bluish. Sepals lanceolate, subacute, lined with red.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: between Reggo & +Kiro).</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">var. Schweinfurthiana</span> +<em>Gilg</em> & <em>Muschl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Meshra El Rek, near Nuer +villages).</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">var. Rehneltiana</span> +<em>Gilg</em> & <em>Muschl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Jur Ghattas & Aggadi, +& Bongo-land; Balu Stream near Sabbi, Shambé); Upper White Nile +Prov. (Tonga); Darfur Prov. (Zalingei); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s +Post).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn15-4" title="Nymphaea"><span class= +"taxon bold">N. cf. N. cærulea</span> <em>Sav.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">As preceding, but leaves more widely cordate and with +undulate margins and inconspicuous nerves.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn15-5" title="Nymphaea"><span class= +"taxon bold">N. Lotus</span> <em>Linn.</em> SUTEIB—Arab; +RUNGAIME—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves shortly peltate and deeply cordate at the +base, coarsely toothed and nervose below, shortly pubescent; +flowers yellowish; stamens not produced into an appendage beyond +the anther cells.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Bongo-land, Addai, Mittu-land, Niamniam-land, Kero, Lake No).</p> + +<p class="p3">The powdered root is used for piles, dysentery, and +dyspepsia; the seeds are used in skin diseases, leprosy, etc.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="menispermace"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_53">[53]</span>MENISPERMACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn16"><span class= +"sn">16</span><span class="taxon bold">Tinospora Bakis</span> +<em>Miers.</em> ERG EL HAGGAR (N. Kordn.)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Woody climber with thick fleshy bark. Leaves cordate, +entire, glabrous. Racemes axillary or at end of lateral shoots. +Flowers small diœcious, solitary or fascicled in the axils of +minute bracts.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Kordofan Prov. (Wadi El Ain, +J. Kōn, J. Tellele, Daragaza).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn17"><span class= +"sn">17</span><span class="taxon bold">Desmonema +mucronulatum</span> <em>Eng.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Climber. Leaves rhomboid sub-cordate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: J. Baginze).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn18"><span class= +"sn">18</span><span class="taxon bold">Chasmanthera +dependens</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Climber. Leaves rotundate ovate, more or less lobed; +inflor. in pendent racemes.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dinka-land: Lau, Jur-land: Wau, +& Kutshuk Ali).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn19"><span class= +"sn">19</span><span class="taxon bold">Cocculus Leæba</span> +<em>DC.</em> ZEGAI or ZEGAIN (Kordn.)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Woody climber with red berries. Leaves alternate, +oblong, ½ to 1 in. long. Flowers green, diœcious, small. Male +flowers in axillary panicles; sepals, petals and stamens 6 +respectively. Female flower solitary or in pairs on axillary +peduncles; style 3-armed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Port Sudan to Soturba); Berber Prov. +(Atbara); Blue Nile Prov. (Abu Haraz); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Nuba +Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">Used in native medicine in various parts of the world +for intermittent fevers. It contains two alkaloids and is similar +to the official Pareira Brava in properties.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn19-2" title="Cocculus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. Holopeira-torrida</span> <em>Miers.</em> GUMALI +(Fung)—Arab; LELINGA—Bari.</p> + +<p class="p2">Pubescent, woody climber. Leaves sometimes very +variable, from hastate-lanceolate to deltoid rotundate, or +hastately 3-7 lobed. Male flowers fascicled, sessile or nearly so. +Female flowers fascicled or solitary, subsessile.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Bahr El +Jebel: Bor Mission, Malik).</p> + +<p class="p3">In Dar-Fung the pounded stem is given with Durra to +donkeys for cough.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn20"><span class= +"sn">20</span><span class="taxon bold">Cissampelos Pareira</span> +<em>Linn.</em> DERE—Golo.</p> + +<p class="p2">Climber with reniform-cordate leaves. Flowers +diœcious. Male flowers in axillary, usually branched racemes, +tetramerous; petals connate into a 4-lobed cup; stamens +monadelphous. Female flowers in long, usually simple racemes, with +numerous broad foliaceous bracts.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung, & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces.</p> + +<p class="p3">The Golo women wear the plant round their necks to +bring luck. In India it is used as a mild tonic and diuretic.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn20-2" title="Cissampelos"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_54">[54]</span><span class="taxon bold">C. +mucronata</span> <em>A. Rich.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Climber with broadly ovate leaves widely cordate at +the base and a little peltate, laxly pubescent below. Male flowers +in rather short cymes.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli & Jongol’s Post).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn20-3" title="Cissampelos"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. rigidifolia</span> <em>Eng.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Climber with very broadly ovate peltate leaves about +3 in. long, softly tomentose below; male flowers in long slender +racemes of umbels.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Ibba River, near Nganye, +Nabambisso River in Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn21"><span class= +"sn">21</span><span class="taxon bold">Stephania abyssinica</span> +<em>Rich.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Wiry climber with small broadly ovate leaves peltate +and rounded at the base, glaucous and strongly reticulate, +glabrous; flowers small in axillary cymes.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="aristolochiace">ARISTOLOCHIACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn22"><span class= +"sn">22</span><span class="taxon bold">Aristolochia +bracteata</span> <em>Retz.</em> ABU- and UM-GALAGEL (or ABJALAJEL), +ERG EL AKRAB (or AGRAB), UM GEREISAT—Arab; LEJIR (Meshra El +Zeraf)—Dinka; KĀWKAWL (J. Eliri)—Nuba.</p> + +<p class="p2">Trailing, glaucous herb, glabrous except inside the +perianth. Leaves alt., ovate-subcordate, ¾ in.-2 in. long, +crenulate-undulate. Flowers solitary, axillary; bracts cordate, +about ½ in. long; per. tube green, yellow inside, with short +reflexed hair, dilated and globose at base, tubular above, about ½ +in. long; limb maroon-coloured, unilateral, ligulate, 1 in. long; +st. 6; styles 6. Caps. subglobose, about ½ in. diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Sinkat, J. Waratab); Kassala +Prov. (Goz Regeb); Khartoum Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Wad Shallai, +Salati, J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (Taiara to J. Eliri); Upper +White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur +Ghattas); Bahr El Jebel.</p> + +<p class="p3">The whole plant is very bitter and is said to have +anthelmentic and purgative properties. A portion made of pounded +roots and water is used to calm abdominal pains. The leaves and +roots are also used as a cure for boils and guinea-worm. It is +believed to be an antidote to snake-poison and scorpion bites; the +Sudanese wear the plant as a charm to avert scorpion stings, and +also rub the charred roots on the site of the sting.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn22-2" title="Aristolochia"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. bongoensis</span> <em>Engl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glaucous twining herb. Leaves cordate, obtuse about +1½ in. long and wide; basal nerves about 8; pet. 1 in. long. Infl. +elongated; bracts cordate-ovate, amplexicaul. Flowers not known. +Caps. obovoid, about 2 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: near Sabbi).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn23"><span class= +"sn">23</span><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_55">[55]</span><span class="taxon bold">Pararistolochia +triactina</span> <em>Hutch.</em> & <em>J. M. Dalz.</em></p> + +<p class="syn"><i>Aristolochia triactina</i> Hook. f.</p> + +<p class="p2">Woody climber; stem smooth, shining. Leaves deeply +cordate, entire to 3- or obscurely 5-lobed, ¾ in. long and wide; +pet. 1-4 in. long. Flowers in short axillary racemes; per.: lower +part obliquely ovoid, 1½ in. long, tube curved, 2 in. long, ½ in. +diam., ciliate at throat, lobes 3, sub-equal, patent, +triangular-caudate, 2 in. long, anthers and stigmas 10. Fruit about +1 ft. long and 1½ in. diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="hydnorace">HYDNORACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn24"><span class= +"sn">24</span><span class="taxon bold">Hydnora sp.</span> +TARTŪS—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Parasitic, fungus-like plant with a fleshy, warted, +subterranean rhizome. Flowers large evil-smelling.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala, Blue Nile & Fung Provinces.</p> + +<p class="p3">Parasitic on roots of Acacia sp. The rhizomes contain +a large percentage of tannin and are used medicinally as an +astringent in dysentery and also for tanning skins.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="piperace">PIPERACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn25"><span class= +"sn">25</span><span class="taxon bold">Piper umbellatum</span> +<em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect shrub, 4-5 ft. high; branches jointed at the +nodes. Leaves reniform, 3-12 in. across, cuspidate, deeply cordate, +basal nerves 11-13; pet. sheathing at base. Umbels of 2-7 spikes on +short axillary peduncles. Flowers minute 2-sexual; per. 0; stamens +about 3; stigmas 3; fr. trigonous; bracts suborbicular, +ciliate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: near Nakofo +River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn25-2" title="Piper"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. guineense</span> <em>Schum.</em> & +<em>Thonn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stout woody creeper, climbing by means of densely +hairy adventitious rootlets. Leaves ovate, acuminate, cordate to +cuneate, 4-5 in. long, glabrous except under the nerves; petals up +to ¾ in. Spikes solitary, leaf-opposed, in fruit up to 4 in. long; +bracts rotundate, peltate; per. 0; stigmas 3. Fr. globose, +mucronate, about ⅙ in. diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit: Deim Guju, +Niamniam-land: Rivers Boddo, Atasilli & Kalensho).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn25-3" title="Piper"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. capense</span> <em>Linn. f.</em> ADURAKA—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Erect or climbing shrub; branches swollen at the +nodes. Leaves ovate, shortly acuminate, about 4 in. long, base +cordate or rounded, pellucid-dotted, 5-7 nerved, villous beneath on +nerves; petals about 1 in. long. Catkins at end of short lateral +branches appearing to spring from middle of petiole, about 2 in. +long; peduncles about ¾ in. long; bracts peltate; per. 0; stamens +2-3, anther-cells with wide connective stigmas 2, recurved. Fr. +obtuse, compressed, sessile.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn26"><span class= +"sn">26</span><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_56">[56]</span><span class="taxon bold">Peperomia +knoblecheriana</span> <em>Schott.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Succulent glabrous annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves, +except 2 lowest, alternate, rotundate-ovate, ⅛ in. long, +subcordate. Spikes solitary and terminal, lax, ¼ in. long; flowers +8-12; per. 0; stamens 2. Berry subglobose, minute, blackish.</p> + +<p class="p2">Banks of the Bahr El Jebel (5°-7° Lat. N.).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="papaverace">PAPAVERACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn27"><span class= +"sn">27</span><span class="taxon bold">Argemone mexicana</span> +<em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb; leaves prickly; flowers yellow. Capsule with +4-7 placentas, dehiscing at apex into short valves.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov.; Khartoum Prov.</p> + +<p class="p2">Introduced.</p> + +<p class="p3">The seeds are acrid and possess emetic and cathartic +properties, they are poisonous in large doses. They yield an oil +which has been suggested for use in soap-making and as an +illuminant, and which has been classed as a drying oil.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="fumariace">FUMARIACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn28"><span class= +"sn">28</span><span class="taxon bold">Fumaria officinalis</span> +<em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Pale, weak annual, with white, rose or purple +flowers. Leaves much divided.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov. (probably introduced).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="turnerace">TURNERACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn29"><span class= +"sn">29</span><span class="taxon bold">Wormskioldia lobata</span> +<em>Urban.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, 18 in.; stems not bristly. Flowers dilute +yellow. Petals clawed. Stamens 5, unequal. Capsule linear, almost +moniliform. Seeds pitted.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. +(Bahr El Jebel).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn29-2" title="Wormskioldia"><span class= +"taxon bold">W. pilosa</span> <em>Schwfth.</em>—<i>W. +heterophylla</i> Sch. & Thonn.</p> + +<p class="p2">Stout herb; stems with numerous purplish bristles. +Leaves alternate, 4-5 in. long, lanceolate, toothed or pinnately +lobed. Peduncles axillary, about 5-flowered. Flowers yellow. Petals +clawed. Stamens 5, unequal. Capsule moniliform.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (Kulme); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: +Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="capparidace">CAPPARIDACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn30"><span class= +"sn">30</span><span class="taxon bold">Cleome chrysantha</span> +<em>Dec.</em> SAFEIRA, ASIN (Dongola)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, up to 18 in. high. Leaves simple, oblong to +rotundate-ovate. Flowers in axils of upper leaves; stamens 10-14. +Capsule oval-oblong, about ¼ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat., from sea level to 4,000 +ft.); Halfa Prov.; Dongola Prov.; Berber Prov. (Berber Desert & +Wadi Aros).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn30-2" title="Cleome"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_57">[57]</span><span class="taxon bold">C. +scaposa</span> <em>DC.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Hispid herb; flowers small. Leaves simple ovate to +orbicular or cordate. Stamens 6. Capsule linear, up to 1½ in. long. +Seeds minutely pitted.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia (between Suakin & Berber at Wadi Omarig); Red +Sea Prov. (sea coast 22° Lat. N., J. Waratab); Kassala Prov. +(Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land); Khartoum +Prov. (J. Royan).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn30-3" title="Cleome"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. monophylla</span> <em>Linn.</em> LISAN EL TEIR +(Meshra El Zeraf—Arab; AKIA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka.</p> + +<p class="p2">Erect herb, up to 2 ft. high. Flowers deep violet; +pod on short gynophore, linear, cylindrical, straight. Leaves +simple, lanceolate. Stamens 6.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (Abu Haraza and J. Kurbaj); Upper +White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); Mongalla Prov. (Sheikh Tombé); +Darfur Prov. (Kulme); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn30-4" title="Cleome"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. arabica</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect scabrous herb; leaves 3-foliolate. Racemes +leafy; stamens 5-6. Capsule linear-oval, pendulous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Red Sea Prov.; throughout Libya and the +Sudan.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn30-5" title="Cleome"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. tenella</span> <em>Linn. f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous herb, 1-2 ft. high; leaves 3-fol., leaflets +filiform. Stamens 6.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn30-6" title="Cleome"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. brachycarpa</span> <em>Vahl.</em> ABULIKEITA (N. +Kordn.)—Arab; BERBA’A (Port Sudan), & BERBERAN—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Low herb, 4-8 in. high; leaves 1-5 fol. Stamens 6 +(one sometimes imperfect). Capsule elliptical, about ¼ in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat.: at Ras Renai, near +Saltpans); Kordofan Prov. (at Helba & Hadfia).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn30-7" title="Cleome"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. viscosa</span> <em>Linn.</em> RIHAN (Meshra El +Zeraf), KOWAL (Blue Nile)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Glandular pubescent herb, 1-2 ft. high; leaves 3-5 +fol. Flowers yellow. Pod without gynophore, linear, +cylindrical.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov.; Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov.; +Kordofan Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Upper White Nile +Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); Darfur Prov. (Barkin)</p> + +<p class="p3">The seeds are used for removing impurities from the +eyes. (Similar to <a href="#sn37">No. 37</a> below.)</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn30-8" title="Cleome"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. polyanthera</span> <em>Schwfth.</em> & +<em>Gilg.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">A slender branched herb with digitate leaves and 3 +linear leaflets. Flowers pink or white in lax racemes on very +slender pedicels. Fruits linear, stipitate, 2 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land, Jur-land: Gir and +between Agada & Kutshuk Ali).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn30-9" title="Cleome"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. niamniamensis</span> <em>Schwfth.</em> & +<em>Gilg.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Similar to above but dwarfer. Flowers subsolitary and +fruits only ½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Gumango Hills on gneiss).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn30-10" title="Cleome"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_58">[58]</span><span class="taxon bold">C. +paradoxa</span> <em>R. Br.</em> NA’ANAA & MUFRAK EL ROWAIR (N. +Kordn.)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Erect shrubby plant, 2-3 ft. high; leaves 3-6 fol.; +corolla bright yellow or rose. Capsule linear, 4 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Sinkat & 21° N. Lat.); Kassala Prov. +(J. Erimbat, Goz Regeb); Between Suakin & Berber; Kordofan +Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn30-11" title="Cleome"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. diandra</span> <em>Burch.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous or thin-glandular herb; leaves 3, 5 or 7 +fol.; leaflets narrow. Perfect stamens 2. Capsule narrow linear, +2-3 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan & Darfur Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn30-12" title="Cleome"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. Hanburyana</span> <em>Penzig.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">A rank herb; stems covered with gland-tipped hairs; +leaflets 5, glabrescent, gradually changing into bracts: flowers +pink, racemose-corymbose. Fruits 3½ in. long, +glandular-puberulous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat., sea level to 3-4,000 +ft.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn30-13" title="Cleome"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. cf. C. Hanburyana</span> <em>Penzig.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Similar to above but much more pubescent.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat., sea level to 3-4,000 +ft.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn31"><span class= +"sn">31</span><span class="taxon bold">Gynandropsis gynandra</span> +<em>(L.) Briq.</em> TAMALEIKA—Arab; AKAKI—Dinka; KURE—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Erect herb; leaves 5-fol.; flowers white or purplish; +stamens long, inserted on the gynophore. Pod linear, slightly +curved, 2-3 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Berber, Bahr el Ghazal, Khartoum, Kassala, Red Sea, +Blue Nile, Fung, White Nile, Kordofan, Darfur & Mongalla +Provinces.</p> + +<p class="p3">The seeds are anthelmintic, and together with the +leaves, are used in native medicine. The plant is also eaten as a +vegetable.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn32"><span class= +"sn">32</span><span class="taxon bold">Dipterygium glaucum</span> +<em>Dec.</em> SAFEIRA—Arab; WAKERIS-HAQ—Hadendowa; +ZEIBUG—Rashida.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrubby herb. Leaves small, oblong or ovate; capsule +elliptical, with a membranous wing, 1-seeded, strongly +reticulate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Berber Prov.; Between Suakin & Berber; Kassala +Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">A camel fodder plant.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn33"><span class= +"sn">33</span><span class="taxon bold">Cratæva Adansonii</span> +<em>DC.</em> DABKAR & UM BUKHEISA—Arab; KLIEH (J. Eliri) & BURURU +(Kadugli)—Nuba; TIFTA—Bari; BIUT (Renk), KAI (Kaka), KAT, KAIT, KIT +or KOG (Mongalla)—Dinka; ABUDEH—Shilluk; AGAILI—Hameg; +KÄICH—Nuer.</p> + +<p class="p2">Small to large tree. Leaves 3-fol.; flowers white, +scented, with long purple stamens. Fruit a globose berry, about 2 +in. in diameter, on thickened gynophore.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (Birket +Kolli); Upper White Nile Prov. (Kodok); Bahr El Arab; Generally +distributed south of Lat. 14° N.</p> + +<p class="p3"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_59">[59]</span>The +fruit is edible; the bark and the leaves are used medicinally. The +tree occasionally attains a large size, e.g., Jonglay, Atem River. +The wood is moderately hard, even grained, but not very durable. +The medullary rays are thin and very numerous, the pores being +uniform, rather small, arranged in short lines and curves.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn34"><span class= +"sn">34</span><span class="taxon bold">Capparis spinosa</span> +<em>Linn.</em> LASSAF—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Trailing shrub. Leaves coriaceous, rotundate; +stipular spines recurved or nearly straight. Flowers 1-3 in. +across, axillary, solitary or in loose lateral racemes, white. +Frui. oval, oblong, on a strong gynophore.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">The buds furnish the edible capers of commerce.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn34-2" title="Capparis"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. galeata</span> <em>Fres.</em> LASAF—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Spinose trailing shrub. Leaves ovate to rotundate +with curved mucro. Flowers large axillary, solitary. Fruit +clavate-pyriform 3-4 in. long on a stalk up to 2 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia: Red Sea Prov. (J. Hotarber, 22° N. Lat. & 21° +N. Lat., and near Sinkat, from sea level to 4,000 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn34-3" title="Capparis"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. tomentosa</span> <em>Lam.</em> HEKKABIT, MURDU, +SHAROBA, or GULUM—Arab; KUBDI (Dilling)—Nuba; LULUMEH—Bari; BAN or +ABBAN, BORID (Kaka & Kenissa)—Dinka; BUT—Shilluk; UNGONO—Jur; +MANGAMANGA—Golo.</p> + +<p class="p2">Scandent prickly shrub with velvety elliptical +leaves. Flowers white with indefinite pink stamens, solitary and +axillary or in terminal racemes or corymbs.</p> + +<p class="p2">Widely distributed south of Lat. 15° N. and in the +Red Sea Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">The shrub is stated to be poisonous to camels.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn34-4" title="Capparis"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. persicifolia</span> <em>A. Rich.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Scandent prickly shrub; prickles paired on each side +of the petiole. Leaves oblong-elliptic, about 2 in. long, obtuse, +nearly glabrous; pedicels 1 in. long. Fruit ellipsoid, 1 in. long, +stipitate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: +near the Gash River); Berber Prov. (Atbara, left bank); Blue Nile +Prov.; Fung Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: by the River +Rohl, & Niamniam-land: by the River Ibba).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn34-5" title="Capparis"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. micrantha</span> <em>A. Rich.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Prickly, straggling shrub. Flowers small, white, +sub-corymbose. Leaves oblong-lanceolate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Meshra El Rek, Shambé); +Mongalla Prov. (at 4° 54″ N. Lat.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn34-6" title="Capparis"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. corymbosa</span> <em>Lam.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Prickly, scrambling shrub. Leaves ovate or +elliptical. Flowers in lateral or terminal corymbs or +fascicles.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Saoleil, etc.); White Nile Prov. (El +Dueim); Darfur Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Nuba Mts. +Prov. (Dilling).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn34-7" title="Capparis"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_60">[60]</span><span class="taxon bold">C. +djurica</span> <em>Gilg</em> & <em>Ben.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub with densely pilose branches. Leaves ovate or +ovate-oblong, about 1¼ in. long and about ½ in. broad, emarginate. +Flowers in rather dense racemes. Sepals glabrous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn34-8" title="Capparis"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. jodotricha</span> <em>Gilg</em> & <em>Ben.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Climbing shrub; young branches tomentose; spines +large, recurved. Leaves ovate, 2 in. long, 1¼ in. broad, at first +densely pilose, at length glabrous. Flowers in fascicles, crowded. +Sepals tomentose outside.</p> + +<p class="p2">Upper White Nile Prov. (Kodok).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn34-9" title="Capparis"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. Rothii</span> <em>Oliv.</em> MURDU (Baggara), & +SH’AIBEIT (Fung)—Arab; MUARTA (Dilling)—Nuba; RIADI—Bari; RIAT +(Bor)—Dinka.</p> + +<p class="p2">Thorny climber or small tree. Leaves elliptic-oblong, +often emarginate. Flowers white, in axillary fascicles, up to 6 +flowers. Fruit globose, somewhat pointed, about 1 in. across, +turning red when ripe.</p> + +<p class="p2">Upper White Nile Prov. (Kodok, Renk, Melut); Mongalla +Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn34-10" title="Capparis"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. erythrocarpa</span> <em>Isert.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Thorny climber. Fruit scarlet, hexagonal, about size +of a walnut. Leaves elliptical, obtuse. Flowers axillary, solitary, +2 in. across.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: Kuddu, Bongo-land: +Baiko).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn34-11" title="Capparis"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. aphylla</span> <em>Roth.</em></p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn34-12" title="Capparis"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. decidua</span> <em>Pax.</em> TUNDUB—Arab; +SAROP—Hadendowa; KAMRE (J. Daier), & SHIMEIL (Dilling)—Nuba; +NANGOT—Shilluk.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub or small tree, spiny and generally leafless. +Flowers pink; fruit size of a small cherry.</p> + +<p class="p2">Widely distributed north of Lat. 13° N., also occurs +in Bahr El Ghazal Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">The fruit (Arabic, HUNBUG) is edible, the plant is +considered useful for boils, eruptions, swelling and affections of +the joints.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn35"><span class= +"sn">35</span><span class="taxon bold">Boscia octandra</span> +<em>Hochst.</em> MOKHEIT & UMKHEIT (Darfur)—Arab; FOG (Renk)—Dinka; +ATOKA—Golo; DEB (Ghabat El Arab)—Nuer; ARAY—Jur.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub or small tree. Leaves more or less oval, thick +and dark coloured; flowers sub-umbellate or racemose, sweet +scented. Fruit globose under ½ in. diameter. Stamens 8-20. Widely +distributed south of Lat. 16° N.</p> + +<p class="p3">The fruit, called KURSAN by Arabs, is edible; an +emulsion of the leaves is used as an eyewash.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn35-2" title="Boscia"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. angustifolia</span> <em>A. Rich.</em> TIRLING (J. +Daier)—Nuba.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tree or shrub. Flowers greenish, fragrant. +Leaves<span class="pagenum" id="Page_61">[61]</span> coriaceous, +narrow, lanceolate, oblong or obovate. Fruit globose, under ½ in. +diameter. Stamens 6-9.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov.; Whole Sudan through Kordofan.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn35-3" title="Boscia"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. firma</span> <em>Rad.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Woody shrub with crowded fasciculate, narrowly oblong +elliptic leaves, 1½ in. long, ½ in. broad, very strongly reticulate +below. Racemes very short. Fruits sub-globose, very small.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung & Kordofan Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn35-4" title="Boscia"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. salicifolia</span> <em>Oliv.</em> SAHAI (Kordn.), +TILEITILLA (N. Kordn.), KARAUERAU (Baggara), & SESIFAN (Fung)—Arab; +KOLWAKAI (J. Eliri)—Nuba.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub or a straight, graceful tree. Leaves +elongate-linear or lanceolate, 2-5 in. long. Flowers in axillary +racemes; stamens 6-14. Fruit ellipsoid-globose, ¾ in. long, shortly +stipitate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung, White Nile, Kordofan, Darfur & Bahr El Ghazal +Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn36"><span class= +"sn">36</span><span class="taxon bold">Courbonia virgata</span> +<em>A. Brongn.</em> KARKADAN (Mongalla), KURDAN (Baggara)—Arab; +DAYA—Bari; ABRO—Golo.</p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous, glaucous shrub or undershrub, with leafy, +virgate branches; flowers axillary, solitary; petals 0. Leaves +glaucous, elliptical to ovate. Fruit globose, about 1 in. +diameter.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov.; Berber Prov.; Blue Nile, Fung, White +Nile, Kordofan & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces.</p> + +<p class="p3">The ashes of leaves and stem are used as a substitute +for salt. Fruit edible.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn36-2" title="Courbonia"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. decumbens</span> <em>A. Brongn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Bush. Leaves glaucous, ovate, faintly 3-nerved, 1¼ +in. long, mucronate. Flowers axillary, solitary. Fruit sub-globose, +1¼ in. long, beaked.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Jebel (Madi Plains).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn37"><span class= +"sn">37</span><span class="taxon bold">Cadaba glandulosa</span> +<em>Forsk.</em> IRKIS (White Nile), KURMUT SOGHEIR—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Undershrub. Leaves small, round, closely packed on +the branches. Racemes terminal, few-flowered. Petals none; petaloid +appendix ligulate. Stamens 5. Fruit oblong, ½ in. long, on a +gynophore.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; White Nile Prov. +(Jebelein); Kordofan & Darfur Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn37-2" title="Cadaba"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. rotundifolia</span> <em>Forsk.</em> KURMUT, or +rarely ADDIMIR (Blue Nile)—Arab; YAM—Hadendowa; KOG +(Renk)—Dinka.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub. Leaves orbicular. Flowers in terminal racemes. +Sepals 2; petals, 2 green and a yellow tubular nectary; stamens 5; +ovary 1-celled.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov.; Berber Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Fung +Prov. (Fazoghli); Upper White Nile Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">The plant is said to be a powerful purgative.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn37-3" title="Cadaba"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_62">[62]</span><span class="taxon bold">C. +farinosa</span> <em>Forsk.</em> SURREIH or SURRAYA (Fung)—Arab; +NIADA—Bari; BUT (Renk), & ANEIT or NEIT (Mongalla Prov.)—Dinka.</p> + +<p class="p2">Undershrub or scrambling climber. Fruit slightly +torulose; seeds covered by bright orange inner membrane of capsule. +Leaves oval-oblong, apiculate, mostly in fascicles. Flowers +greenish; sepals 4; petals 4; stamens 5; ovary 1-celled.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea, Kassala, Berber, Khartoum, Blue Nile, Fung, +White Nile, Upper White Nile & Darfur Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn37-4" title="Cadaba"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. longifolia</span> <em>DC.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous shrub, or extremities mealy. Leaves +linear-oblong or lanceolate. Flowers in terminal corymbs; petals 4; +appendix linear-lanceolate, as long as sepals; stamens 4.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Coast; North of Kassala.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn38"><span class= +"sn">38</span><span class="taxon bold">Maerua jasminifolia</span> +<em>Gilg</em> & <em>Ben.</em> BUDU—Bari.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub or small tree. Leaves 3-fol., fruit +globose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Sheikh Tombé).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn38-2" title="Maerua"><span class= +"taxon bold">M. variifolia</span> <em>Gilg.</em> & +<em>Ben.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub; branchlets softly pubescent. Leaves elliptic, +mucronate, 1½ in. long, slightly pubescent. Flowers sub-corymbose; +pedicels ¾ in. long; petals small with crinkled margins. Fruits +torulose, about 1 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Mongalla Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn38-3" title="Maerua"><span class= +"taxon bold">M. crassifolia</span> <em>Forsk.</em> SAREH, SARHA or +SURRAKH (Berber), KOWOGE (Baggara)—Arab; KAMOP (Port +Sudan)—Hadendowa; TUMBU (Kadugli)—Nuba.</p> + +<p class="p2">Stiff tree or shrub with spinose branches. Leaves +small, up to ¾ in. long, obovate to linear-oval. Flowers axillary, +1-3 together; petals 0; stamens indefinite. Fruit torulose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (from sea level to 4,000 ft.); Dongola +Prov.; Berber Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (Bara & Abu +Gamaiz); Darfur Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn38-4" title="Maerua"><span class= +"taxon bold">M. aethiopica</span> <em>Oliv.</em> BAK BELE—Golo.</p> + +<p class="p2">Erect, virgate shrub. Leaves oblong to elliptical. +Flowers corymbose; petals 4, rotundate; stamens indefinite. Fruit +coriaceous, subglobose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Jur-land, Kutshuk Ali, Jur Ghattas & Jur Aweit, Bongo-land, +Gir).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn38-5" title="Maerua"><span class= +"taxon bold">M. angolensis</span> <em>DC.</em> MARI (Khasa, Red Sea +Prov.), RAU ER AU (Kordofan at Birket), SHAGAR EL ZERAF (Kordn.), & +SHAGAR EL DUD (Fung)—Arab; DOGHING (J. Daier)—Nuba; SHALEIB +(Erkowit)—Hadendowa; AFIAT (Renk)—Dinka; TIIT (Ghabat El +Arab)—Nuer.</p> + +<p class="p2">Small tree. Flowers white. Fruit moniliform. Leaves +lanceolate to obovate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & Has Has); Kassala Prov.; +Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Jebelein & near Nyemati); Upper White +Nile Prov. (Ghurab El Eish, near Melut, Um Songur,<span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_63">[63]</span> etc.); Kordofan (El Birkat); +Darfur (Jebel Marra, Kallokitting 4,000 ft.).</p> + +<p class="p3">Wood yellowish, heavy, hard and fine grained, but +brittle; takes a good polish.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn38-6" title="Maerua"><span class= +"taxon bold">M. dolichobotrya</span> <em>Gilg</em> & +<em>Ben.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Woody shrub, 3 ft. high. Leaves lanceolate or +oblong-lanceolate, about 2 in. long, ⅓ in. broad, glabrous. Flowers +in elongated leafy racemes. Petals shortly clawed, rather +thick.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn38-7" title="Maerua"><span class= +"taxon bold">M. oblongifolia</span> <em>A. Rich.</em> ERG EL +MEHABBA (White Nile), ASS’AIB (Atbara), SURREIH (Fung), ABU TAMARA +(C. Kordn.), ALAG & SIRH (Khartoum)—Arab; KAFITO & NIETEH—Bari; +BUN—Burun; ANEIT (Goz el Siada)—Dinka.</p> + +<p class="p2">Straggling shrub. Leaves linear-oblong, calyx pale +green, 4 sepals; petals 4, whitish green, stamens indefinite; +gynophore white. Fruit about 1 in. long, very torulose or +moniliform.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov.; Between Suakin & Berber (J. Langeb); +Berber Prov. (Atbara); Khartoum & White Nile Provinces; Most parts +of the Sudan south of Khartoum.</p> + +<p class="p3">Fruit edible.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="moringace">MORINGACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn39"><span class= +"sn">39</span><span class="taxon bold">Moringa aptera</span> +<em>Gaertn.</em> MAI—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Moderate to small-sized tree with whip-like branches +and scanty, minute leaves. Flowers pink. Fruit capsules ridged, +about 1 ft. long; seeds not winged.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (rare).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn39-2" title="Moringa"><span class= +"taxon bold">M. pterygosperma</span> <em>Gaertn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small tree with corky bark. Leaves usually +tripinnate. Flowers strongly scented; petals white with yellow dots +at base. Pods up to 13 in. long, slender, 9-ribbed. Seeds +winged.</p> + +<p class="p2">Introduced from India. Khartoum Prov.; Kordofan Prov. +(Bareis); Darfur Prov., etc.</p> + +<p class="p3">The seeds yield the Ben Oil.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="crucifer">CRUCIFERÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn40"><span class= +"sn">40</span><span class="taxon bold">Matthiola elliptica</span> +<em>R. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb with a white flower, like a small Stock. Leaves +petiolate, elliptic, hoary; pod siliquose, rather thick.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Khor Ashat, and 21° N. from sea level +to 3-4,000 ft.); White Nile Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn40-2" title="Matthiola"><span class= +"taxon bold">M. sp.</span> +</p> + +<p class="p2">Hoary herb with subsessile, lanceolate toothed +leaves, about 1 in. long; hairs stellate. Pods subsessile, very +hairy.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Khor Tamanib).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn41"><span class= +"sn">41</span><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_64">[64]</span><span class="taxon bold">Nasturtium +indicum</span> <em>Linn.</em> FIKKI (Darfur)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous branching herb. Leaves sessile, +lyrate-pinnatifid, auricled. Flowers yellow, small in lax racemes. +Siliqua nearly ¾ in., cylindrical.</p> + +<p class="p2">Dongola Prov. (Argo Island); Khartoum Prov.; Fung +Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn42"><span class= +"sn">42</span><span class="taxon bold">Morettia Philæana</span> +<em>DC.</em> TAGHAL (Atbara), SAGGAR—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Stiff, erect, hispid herb. Leaves linear-lanceolate +to oblanceolate, hoary or hispid. Petals slightly longer than the +very hairy sepals. Fruits strongly curved, ⅓ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Wadi Halfa; Berber Prov. (Atbara, Murat); Dongola +Prov. (Omdi); Kordofan Prov. (Maties).</p> + +<p class="p3">Good camel fodder.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn42-2" title="Morettia"><span class= +"taxon bold">M. canescens</span> <em>Boiss.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">A stiff herb covered with whitish stellate hairs. +Leaves elliptic, subacute, petiolate. Fruits ribbed, slightly +curved, ½ in. long, stellate-pubescent.</p> + +<p class="p2">Near Wadi Halfa.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn43"><span class= +"sn">43</span><span class="taxon bold">Anastatica +Hierochuntica</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Woody herb. Fruit short, with a round auricle on each +side of the apex.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat., from sea level to 4,000 +ft.).</p> + +<p class="p3">The common Rose of Jericho of the Mediterranean.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn44"><span class= +"sn">44</span><span class="taxon bold">Farsetia ægyptiaca</span> +<em>Turr.</em> DAHAIAN (Atbara), GHARBA—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrubby; flowers white; siliquas small, oval. Leaves +linear, hoary.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Between Goz Regeb & Kassala; Red Sea Prov. +(near Karora).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn44-2" title="Farsetia"><span class= +"taxon bold">F. longisiliqua</span> <em>Dec.</em> DAKHEYAN (N. +Kordn.), & DAHAIAN (C. Kordn.)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Hoary undershrub. Leaves narrow-linear. Flowers in +spicate racemes, rather distant. Siliqua linear, slightly curved, +hoary, 1 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (J. +Kurbaj); Darfur Prov. (Kulme, & Sherif Kabbashi); Red Sea Prov. +(near Karora).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn44-3" title="Farsetia"><span class= +"taxon bold">F. grandiflora</span> <em>Fourn.</em> UMHABEIBA (White +Nile)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Slender, erect, pale annual. Leaves +linear-lanceolate, 1-3 in. long. Siliqua linear 1-2 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile & Upper White Nile Provinces (Hillet Abbas +to Meshra El Zeraf); Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn44-4" title="Farsetia"><span class= +"taxon bold">F. ramosissima</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Branching herb. Leaves linear-lanceolate. Flowers +densely spicate. Siliqua short.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat., up to 4,000 ft.); +Khartoum Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (Khursi); Darfur Prov. (Plains below +J. Marra, 3,000 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn45"><span class= +"sn">45</span><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_65">[65]</span><span class="taxon bold">Sisymbrium +erysimoides</span> <em>Desf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, 1-3 ft. high. Upper leaves lyrate pinnatisect. +Siliquas divergent, rigid, linear-subulate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat., between sea level & 4,000 +ft.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn46"><span class= +"sn">46</span><span class="taxon bold">Diplotaxis erucoides</span> +DC.</p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, 1-2 ft. high. Lower leaves lyrate-pinnatifid or +obovate-toothed. Flowers white or purplish on ebracteate racemes. +Siliqua 1 in. long, ascending. Seeds biseriate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & Karora).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn47"><span class= +"sn">47</span><span class="taxon bold">Eruca sativa</span> +<em>Lam.</em> GARGUIR (Egypt)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Erect branching herb. Leaves lyrate to oblanceolate, +more or less deeply toothed. Flowers white or yellow on ebracteate +racemes. Siliqua linear-oblong, turgid erect, beaked. Seeds +biseriate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia cultivated.</p> + +<p class="p3">The seeds yield an oil similar to Colza. The leaves +are used as a salad, and are also fed to cattle.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn48"><span class= +"sn">48</span><span class="taxon bold">Schouwia arabica</span> +<em>DC.</em> MAHAD, NAMNAM (Egypt)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tall shrubby herb with ovate amplexicaul leaves and +purple flowers. Siliqua elliptical, about ¾ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gash Valley).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn49"><span class= +"sn">49</span><span class="taxon bold">Lepidium sativum</span> +<em>Linn.</em> Common Cress.</p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous annual. Leaves entire to pinnatisect. +Flowers white. Siliqua obovate to nearly rotundate, emarginate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Khartoum & Kordofan Provinces.</p> + +<p class="p3">The young plants are eaten. The seeds yield an oil; +they are also used in dysentery and diarrhœa.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn50"><span class= +"sn">50</span><span class="taxon bold">Senebiera nilotica</span> +<em>DC.</em> RASHAD (Port Sudan), HARRA—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Riverside herb with small white flowers. Radical +leaves linear-lanceolate or oblanceolate pinnatisect. Silicules +cordate-reniform.</p> + +<p class="p2">North Sudan; Banks of the Nile; Red Sea. Prov.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn51"><span class= +"sn">51</span><span class="taxon bold">Enarthrocarpus +lyratus</span> <em>DC.</em> RESHAD EL BAHR, SHILTEM, SHIRTEM, & +SHILTAM—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Herb; flowers yellow, streaked with purple. Radical +leaves lyrate-pinnatifid. Siliquas nodulose, obtusely +acuminate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Dongola Prov. (from Egypt).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn51-2" title="Enarthrocarpus"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. pterocarpus</span> <em>DC.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, scabrid below. Leaves lyrate-pinnatifid. +Siliquas erect, linear-acuminate, with winged scabrid margins.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn52"><span class= +"sn">52</span><span class="taxon bold">Zilla myagroides</span> +<em>Forsk.</em> <span class="taxon bold">var. microcarpa</span> +<em>Oliv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrubby, spiny herb, the spines terminating the +branches. Flowers white or violet, solitary or racemose, silicules +ovoid, beaked.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov., & Nubia.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn53"><span class= +"sn">53</span><span class="taxon bold">Raphanus sativus</span> +<em>Linn.</em> FIGL—Arab. Horse Radish.</p> + +<p class="p2">Radical leaves lyrate. Flowers white, yellow or +lilac.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_66">[66]</span> Siliqua 1-2 +in. long, terete, beaked.</p> + +<p class="p2">Cultivated everywhere.</p> + +<p class="p3">The seeds, which yield an oil, are used in native +medicine for their diuretic and laxative properties. The seed pods +as well as the roots are eaten.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="violace">VIOLACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn54"><span class= +"sn">54</span><span class="taxon bold">Viola nubica</span> +<em>Hutchinson</em>, n. sp.</p> + +<p class="p2">Small annual, 4 in. high. Leaves long-petiolate, +spathulate-lanceolate, acute, 1¼ in. long, nearly ½ in. broad, very +thin, subentire, glabrous; stipules subulate-filiform, entire, +2-lin. long; sepals broadly lanceolate, long-acuminate; petals ⅓ +in. long; spur short and blunt. Capsule ¼ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N., sea level to 3-4,000 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn55"><span class= +"sn">55</span><span class="taxon bold">Hybanthus +enneaspermus</span> <em>Muell.</em>—<i>Ionidium enneaspermum</i> +Vent.</p> + +<p class="p2">Erect or decumbent, much-branched herb, up to 2 ft. +high. Flowers blue, purple or dull red, solitary, axillary.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (J. +Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn56"><span class= +"sn">56</span><span class="taxon bold">Rinorea ilicifolia</span> +<em>O. Ktze.</em>—<i>Alsodeia ilicifolia</i> Welw.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub or small tree. Leaves strongly +spinulose-serrate, coriaceous shining above, 6-9 in. long. Flowers +yellow, in narrow terminal, racemose panicles. Capsule 3-valved, +coriaceous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn56-2" title="Rinorea"><span class= +"taxon bold">R. oblongifolia</span> <em>Marq.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Large tree, buttressed at the foot. Flowers +waxy-yellow, in terminal, many-flowered corymbose or pyramidal +panicles. Leaves oblanceolate or obovate-oblong, 4-8 in. long. +Petals contorted.</p> + +<p class="p2">Niamniam-land (Mbrwole, near the Yuru River & by the +Diagbe River).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="resedace">RESEDACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn57"><span class= +"sn">57</span><span class="taxon bold">Caylusea canescens</span> +<em>St. Hil.</em> MUDDEYD & DENABA—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Diffuse or ascending herb, more or less pilose. +Leaves linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, undulate. Flowers small, in +terminal bracteate racemes.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Khor Tamanib & J. +Shellal, 22° N. Lat.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn57-2" title="Caylusea"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. abyssinica</span> <em>Fisch.</em> & +<em>Mey.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect herb, up to 3 ft. high, glabrous or thinly +scabrid near the extremities. Leaves entire or 3-partite, +linear-lanceolate or linear. Flowers small, numerous on terminal, +spike-like racemes up to 1 ft. and more long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat., between sea level & 4,000 +ft.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn58"><span class= +"sn">58</span><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_67">[67]</span><span class="taxon bold">Reseda +pruinosa</span> <em>Del.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect or ascending herb, 1 ft. or more high. Leaves +entire or trifid, narrow-lanceolate or oval. Flowers in terminal, +bracteate racemes.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat., between sea level +& 3-4,000 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn59"><span class= +"sn">59</span><span class="taxon bold">Oligomeris +glaucescens</span> <em>Camb.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect or decumbent herb, usually glabrous and +glaucous. Leaves entire, linear, fasciculate or scattered. Flowers +small in loose, elongate terminal spikes.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea, Dongola & Kordofan Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn60"><span class= +"sn">60</span><span class="taxon bold">Ochradenus baccatus</span> +<em>Del.</em> GURDI—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Much branched shrub, with virgate branches, which are +often spinescent and at length leafless. Leaves narrow linear. +Flowers small, spicate. Berries white.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Red Sea Prov.; Kassala Prov. (North); Darfur +(Jebel Meidob and Kulme).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="polygalace">POLYGALACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn61"><span class= +"sn">61</span><span class="taxon bold">Polygala +persicariæfolia</span> <em>DC.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect or decumbent annual. Leaves oval or lanceolate, +acute. Flowers in extra-axillary or terminal racemes. Wing sepals +rotundate-ovate, 3-5 nerved; lateral petals semi-hastate or hooked +at the base.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).</p> + +<p class="p2">Wing sepals elliptic and not rounded.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Addai: Bongo-land).</p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves broader, wing sepals less orbicular than in +the type.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn61-2" title="Polygala"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. abyssinica</span> <em>Fres.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual or perennial, up to 2 ft. high. Leaves linear +or oval, apiculate. Flowers secund on terminal racemes. Wing sepals +ovate to obovate, 3-nerved.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (Jebel Marra, 7,000 ft. and over, and +plains 20-80 m. N.E. of El Fasher).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn61-3" title="Polygala"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. liniflora</span> <em>Bojer</em> ex +<em>Chod.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Branches elongated, erect, grass-like, glabrous. +Leaves narrowly linear, slightly decurrent. Racemes terminal, +lax-flowered. Wing sepals elliptic, clawed, with few nerves.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (Jebel Marra).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn61-4" title="Polygala"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. erioptera</span> <em>DC.</em> HEBEIBU (Meshra El +Zeraf)—Arab, ANYAIN or LAKSHUA’I (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka.</p> + +<p class="p2">Erect or diffuse annual. Leaves linear or oblong, +obtuse. Flowers fascicled or on racemes much shorter than leaves. +Wing-sepals oval or obliquely elliptic with 1 broad median +nerve.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Soturba & between Suakin & Berber); +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (J. Moya); White +Nile<span class="pagenum" id="Page_68">[68]</span> Prov. (J. +Arashkol); Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); Kordofan +Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">var. canescens</span> +<em>Chod.</em></p> + +<p class="p4">Stems and leaves with grey, dense hairs.</p> + +<p class="p4">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">var. maxima</span> +<em>Chod.</em></p> + +<p class="p4">Stems and leaves at length glabrous.</p> + +<p class="p4">Khartoum Prov. (near Khartoum).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn61-5" title="Polygala"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. arenaria</span> <em>Willd</em>, forma depressa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Erect or diffuse annual. Leaves linear to +obovate-elliptical obtuse. Flowers in dense strobiliform heads. +Wing-sepals variable, oval to ovate-rotundate, often oblique, +nerves faint.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur +Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn61-6" title="Polygala"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. irregularis</span> <em>Boiss.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Low spreading, wiry plant. Leaves oblanceolate obtuse +or retuse. Flowers in loose terminal racemes. Wing-sepals +broad-ovate with 3 main nerves.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (Taiara, Abu Gerad).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn61-7" title="Polygala"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. acicularis</span> <em>Oliv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous shrub. Leaves narrow-linear to acicular. +Flowers in erect terminal racemes or racemes on rigid lateral +branchlets. Wing-sepals obovate-oblong, faintly nerved, +deciduous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Bahr El Jebel +(Madi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn61-8" title="Polygala"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. senensis</span> <em>Klotzsch.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Wiry herb or undershrub. Leaves oblanceolate, obtuse. +Flowers in very short lateral racemes or axillary fascicles. +Wing-sepals broadly ovate with numerous looping nerves.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Sinkat).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn62"><span class= +"sn">62</span><span class="taxon bold">Securidaca +longipedunculata</span> <em>Fresen.</em> SAGGAT—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Branched shrub, 8-10 ft. high. Leaves alternate, +coriaceous, linear-lanceolate to ovate oblong, 1-2 in. long. +Flowers rose or purple or violet or variegated with white, +racemose. Fruit a 1-winged samara.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Famaka); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="crassulace">CRASSULACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn63"><span class= +"sn">63</span><span class="taxon bold">Tillæa pentandra</span> +<em>Royle.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small herb with opposite, fleshy cylindrical subulate +leaves, connate at base. Flowers small, white, solitary, or 2-3 +together, axillary. Fruit of 4-5 free carpels.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, +9,000 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn64"><span class= +"sn">64</span><span class="taxon bold">Bryophyllum calycinum</span> +<em>Salisb.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrubby herb, 2-4 ft. high, with barren and +purple-spotted flowering stems. Leaves opposite, fleshy, crenate, +either simple, ovate-orbicular or unequally pinnate with ovate +segments. Flowers up to 2 in. long, pendulous, in +paniculate<span class="pagenum" id="Page_69">[69]</span> cymes; +calyx inflated, striped purple; cor. reddish-purple; stamens 8, in +2 rows. Fruit of 4 follicles.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn65"><span class= +"sn">65</span><span class="taxon bold">Kalanchoe crenata</span> +<em>Haw.</em> HARFIFOIT—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tall perennial herb with opposite fleshy, crenate +leaves and yellow flowers.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit, foot of Has Has).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn66"><span class= +"sn">66</span><span class="taxon bold">Umbilicus botryoides</span> +<em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small herb with perennial root-stock. Lower leaves +orbicular, loosely crenate, peltate. Flowering stems usually about +6 in. long bearing a simple or somewhat branched raceme of pale +pendulous flowers.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: +Abwo, 9,600 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn67"><span class= +"sn">67</span><span class="taxon bold">Sempervivum molle</span> +<em>Vis.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Softly hairy, fleshy herb. Leaves alternate, fleshy, +oval-rhomboid, red-spotted beneath. Flowers cymose, white or +yellow.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="saxifragace">SAXIFRAGACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn68"><span class= +"sn">68</span><span class="taxon bold">Vahlia viscosa</span> +<em>Roxb.</em> SAFEIRA EL BAHR (Atbara), WADE (Halfa)—Arab; +TELGIN—Hadendowa; TEIMER—Rashida.</p> + +<p class="p2">Prostrate, glandular, pilose herb, with ovate-oblong, +opposite leaves and yellow flowers. Calyx 5-lobed; corolla 5 +petals; anthers 5; style deeply bifid; ovary inferior.</p> + +<p class="p2">River banks; Wadi Halfa; Berber Prov. (Atbara & +Berber); Khartoum, Blue Nile, Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White +Nile, Kordofan & Mongalla Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn68-2" title="Vahlia"><span class= +"taxon bold">V. oldenlandioides</span> <em>Roxb.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glandular or pubescent herb with opposite linear +leaves. Flowers small, numerous; calyx tube adnate to ovary, +segments 5, short, triangular; petals 5, epigynous; ovary inferior; +capsule sub-globose, small.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (Abu Gerad); Darfur Prov.; Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).</p> + +<p class="p3">NOTE.—These two species of <i>Vahlia</i> are often +mistaken for species of <i>Oldenlandia</i> in <i>Rubiaceæ</i>, but +are at once distinguished by the free petals and absence of +stipules.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="droserace">DROSERACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn69"><span class= +"sn">69</span><span class="taxon bold">Drosera indica</span> +<em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small herb. Leaves alternate, linear, the lower half +glabrous, the upper part heavily fringed with gland-tipped +tentacles. Flowers white; styles 3.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the +Gumango).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="podostemonace"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_70">[70]</span>PODOSTEMONACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn70"><span class= +"sn">70</span><span class="taxon bold">Tristicha hypnoides</span> +<em>Spreng.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small moss-like herb, attached to boulders in streams +or rivers. Leaves very minute. Flowers solitary, terminal, on +peduncles, ¾ in. long in fruit; per. segments 3; st. 1; styles 2-3; +caps. ellipsoid.</p> + +<p class="p2">South Kordofan Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Eliri); +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau & Biri River, Mittu-land: Woko River near +Kero).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="elatinace">ELATINACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn71"><span class= +"sn">71</span><span class="taxon bold">Bergia verticillata</span> +<em>Willd.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous procumbent herb, about 1 ft. high, aquatic; +stems succulent, pink. Leaves nearly sessile, lanceolate, tapering +at both ends, 1 to 1½ in. long, opposite, stipulate. Flowers +crowded in axillary, sub-verticillate fascicles; stamens 10.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn71-2" title="Bergia"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. suffruticosa</span> <em>Fenzl.</em> MIRMID or +MIREMIT (Khartoum), RIMITH—Arab; OKRIT—Hadendowa; SITA—Rashida.</p> + +<p class="p2">Deep rooted, heather-like undershrub, rooting again +where branches touch the ground. Bark deciduous in papery +rust-coloured flakes.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Dongola, Berber, Khartoum, +White Nile & Kordofan Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn71-3" title="Bergia"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. ammanoides</span> <em>Roth.</em> RIMÏTH (N. +Kordn.)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Herb under 1 ft. high. Leaves oblanceolate, pilose. +Flowers in dense axillary, sub-verticillate fascicles; stamens +3.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="caryophyllace">CARYOPHYLLACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn72"><span class= +"sn">72</span><span class="taxon bold">Silene Macrosolen</span> +<em>Steud.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Somewhat viscid perennial, branching from the base. +Flowers pinkish in forking panicles. Calyx 5-toothed, narrow +tubular, up to 1½ in. long, teeth short; petals much exserted, 5. +Carpophore much longer than capsule; styles 3.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 6,500-9,300 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn73"><span class= +"sn">73</span><span class="taxon bold">Cerastium vulgatum</span> +<em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Downy, somewhat viscid annual, branching at the base. +Stem leaves sessile, oblong to ovate. Flowers white in terminal +cymes. Petals shorter or hardly longer than sepals; styles 5; +sepals free.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 8,600 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn74"><span class= +"sn">74</span><span class="taxon bold">Arenaria Schimperi</span> +<em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Procumbent diffuse perennial. Leaves subulate, ¼ to ½ +in. long. Flowers in loose forking cymes, white; sepals 5, free, +3-nerved; petals 5, equal to sepals; styles 3; capsule +3-valved.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, above 9,000 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn75"><span class= +"sn">75</span><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_71">[71]</span><span class="taxon bold">Spergula +arvensis</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Slender herbs. Leaves linear, in opposite clusters, +appearing whorled. Flowers small, white, in terminal forked cymes; +stamens 5 or 10; styles 5.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat., from sea level to 4,000 +ft.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn76"><span class= +"sn">76</span><span class="taxon bold">Polycarpon +memphiticum</span> <em>Fenzl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">A diffuse, densely pubescent herb. Leaves petiolate, +and spathulate-oblanceolate, covered with stellate hairs. Stipules +scarious. Flowers small, crowded in leafy cymes, otherwise as in +the next species.</p> + +<p class="p2">Berber Prov. (Banks of the Nile between Khartoum and +Shendi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn76-2" title="Polycarpon"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. Lœflingii</span> <em>Benth.</em> & <em>Hook. +f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">A diffuse, prostrate or ascending, wiry, glabrous +herb. Leaves sessile, linear or linear-spathulate, glabrous. +Flowers small, in dichotomous cymes; sepals 5, with white, scarious +edges; petals small, linear; stamens 3-5; style 3-fid.</p> + +<p class="p2">Khartoum Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land, Wau & +Mittu-land: Mvolo, & Bongo-land: Addai); Blue Nile Prov. (near Wad +Medani).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn77"><span class= +"sn">77</span><span class="taxon bold">Polycarpæa corymbosa</span> +<em>Lam.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, 2-12 in. high, with a somewhat amarantaceous +appearance. Leaves linear, sessile. Flowers numerous, small, +crowded in dense cymes, forming large flat-topped heads; bracts +scarious, silvery, bristle-pointed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Dongonab); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Jur-land: Jur Ghattas, Niamniam-land); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<p class="p3">Said to be a remedy for snake-bite.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn77-2" title="Polycarpaea"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. eriantha</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Diffuse, slender herb, with numerous flowers in lax +cymes, spreading all over the plant. Sepals loosely pubescent. +Leaves linear, about ½ in. long, with fine setose points.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (El Obeid); Mongalla Prov., Bongo-land +(Gir).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn77-3" title="Polycarpaea"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. spicata</span> <em>Arnott.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small herb; leaves obovate or +oblanceolate-spathulate, rosulate; flower-heads densely fascicled; +sepals 5, ovate-lanceolate, scarious; petals 5, shorter than +sepals; stamens 5.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov.: Lat. 21° N.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn77-4" title="Polycarpaea"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. fragilis</span> <em>Del.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small herb. Leaves linear-lanceolate, hoary, margins +revolute. Flowers in small, densely fascicled cymes; sepals +ovate-elliptic, with membranous margin, longer than petals.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov.: from sea level to 4,000 ft., Lat. 21° +N.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn77-5" title="Polycarpaea"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. linearifolia</span> <em>DC.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect or decumbent herb. Leaves narrow-linear or +linear-subulate. Flowers in terminal, rounded or lax, +silvery,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_72">[72]</span> many +flowered cymes. Sepals scarious acute, ⅓ to ⅔ longer than +petals.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile Prov.: White Nile Prov. (South of Lat. 14° +N.): Kordofan Prov. (Hillet Nu & El Obeid); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Jur-land: Jur Aweit).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn77-6" title="Polycarpaea"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. stellata</span> <em>DC.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect or diffuse herb. Leaves linear, with axillary +tufts. Flowers in small capitate, divaricate cymes; sepals very +acute, much longer than the petals.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn77-7" title="Polycarpaea"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. prostrata</span> <em>Dec.</em> HAR, HARA & +REYKHA—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Prostrate herb. Leaves linear-spathulate. Flowers +solitary from the forks. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, with broad +membranous margin, hardly longer than petals.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Northern Sudan.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn78"><span class= +"sn">78</span><span class="taxon bold">Sphærocoma Hookeri</span> +<em>T. Anders.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Undershrub, 1-2 ft. high. Branchlets glabrous. Flower +heads dense, globose, spinescent. Leaves fleshy, terete, +fascicled.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (J. Hotarba: Soturba Range, Lat. +22° N.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn78-2" title="Sphaerocoma"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. Aucheri</span> <em>Boiss.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves shorter than those of last-named. Branchlets +pubescent.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov.; 21° N. Lat.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="molluginace">MOLLUGINACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn79"><span class= +"sn">79</span><span class="taxon bold">Orygia decumbens</span> +<em>Forsk.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Decumbent herb, up to 2 ft. high. Leaves obovate or +rotundate, cuneate, fleshy, ½-1 in. broad, alternate, glaucous. +Sepals 5; petals 0; stamens 12 or more; styles 5; capsules +5-valved.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, between hills & Sinkat); +Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn80"><span class= +"sn">80</span><span class="taxon bold">Mollugo Cerviana</span> +<em>Seringe.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual; stems erect, slender; branches umbellate. +Leaves verticillate-linear, about ½ in. long. Flowers numerous on +long filiform, axillary and terminal peduncles. Seeds smooth.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan & Darfur Provinces, Uganda (Nile +Province).</p> + +<p class="p3">Used as medicine for fevers.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn80-2" title="Mollugo"><span class= +"taxon bold">M. Spergula</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Diffused decumbent herb. Leaves fleshy, 3-9 in +verticils, oval to lanceolate, 1 in. long. Flowers fascicled; +sepals 5; petals 0; stamens 5-10; capsule 3-valved.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Hoo +River); Mongalla Prov. (Bor).</p> + +<p class="p3">Used medicinally it is stomachic, aperient and +antiseptic.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn80-3" title="Mollugo"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_73">[73]</span><span class="taxon bold">M. +nudicaulis</span> <em>Lam.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual. Leaves radical, crowded, spathulate, entire, +glabrous, about 1½ in. long. Flower stems erect, 4-6 in. long, +leafless, trichotomously branched. Flowers white in lax +trichotomous cymes.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; White Nile Prov. (Jebelein); Kordofan Prov.; +Nuba Mts. Prov. (Kadugli); Mongalla Prov. (Bor & Mongalla); Fung +Prov. (Jongol’s Post).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn81"><span class= +"sn">81</span><span class="taxon bold">Glinus lotoides</span> +<em>Loefl.</em> RABA’A (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; GETAKI (Meshra El +Zeraf)—Dinka.</p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, with stellate hairs, up to 2 ft. high. Leaves +rotundate to oblanceolate, 1 in. long, radical and +pseudo-verticillate. Flowers in axillary fascicles; sepals 5; +petals 0; stamens 5 to many; stigmas 2-5. Seeds verrucose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Berber Prov. (Shendi); Kartoum Prov. (Khartoum); Blue +Nile Prov. (Dried pools); Darfur Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov.; +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).</p> + +<p class="p3">The plant is said to be a purgative. The tender +shoots are eaten.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn82"><span class= +"sn">82</span><span class="taxon bold">Gisekia pharnaceodes</span> +<em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Prostrate or ascending, somewhat succulent annual. +Leaves opposite, exstipulate, oblong-spathulate. Flowers small, in +axillary clusters; petals none; carpels 5, distinct, surrounded by +sepals.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (littoral); Berber Prov. (Obak); +Khartoum, Kordofan & Darfur Provinces.</p> + +<p class="p3">Said to be a useful medicine for tapeworm.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn82-2" title="Gisekia"><span class= +"taxon bold">G. rubella</span> <em>Hochst.</em> SHA’ERET EL BAHAYAM +(Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Much like above but cymes in lax diffuse +panicles.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (Abu Gerad); Upper White +Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambe).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn83"><span class= +"sn">83</span><span class="taxon bold">Semonvillea +pterocarpa</span> <em>J. Gay.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect, branched herb, glaucous, 1-2½ ft. high. Leaves +alternate, fleshy, linear, 1-2 in. long. Flowers small, greenish, +in 10-12 flowered, terminal and leaf-opposed cymes; sepals 5; +petals 0; stamens 6-7. Fr. compressed orbicular, separating in 2 +broadly-winged cocci.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (Obeid & Mulbes).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn84"><span class= +"sn">84</span><span class="taxon bold">Limeum viscosum</span> +<em>Fenzl.</em> TARBA (Khartoum), RUBAA’, also HOMRA (N. +Kordn.)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Prostrate, glandular-viscid herb. Leaves alternate, +oblanceolate to rotundate. Flowers small, in extra-axillary, +compact cymes; sepals 5, viscid; petals 0; stamens 7. Fr. +dicoccous, bony.</p> + +<p class="p2">Khartoum & Kordofan Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn84-2" title="Limeum"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. indicum</span> <em>Stocks.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Diffuse, glandular, puberulous or glabrate herb. +Leaves<span class="pagenum" id="Page_74">[74]</span> nearly or +quite opposite, rotundate, ⅓ in. long. Cymes sessile or subsessile, +axillary; petals clawed, toothed above; stamens 6-7. Fr. minute +dicoccous, bony.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn84-3" title="Limeum"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. linifolium</span> <em>Fenzl.</em> HAREISH +(Kordn.)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous herb. Leaves alternate, linear, ½-2 in. +long. Cymes compact, sessile or subsessile; sepals 5; petals 0, 3 +or 5, linear-spathulate; stamens 7. Fr. dicoccous, bony.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (El Murra).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="ficoidace">FICOIDACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn85"><span class= +"sn">85</span><span class="taxon bold">Aizoon canariense</span> +<em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Hairy, prostrate herb. Leaves obovate to spathulate, +up to 3 in. long, alternate. Flowers sessile, solitary or clustered +in axils of leaves. Calyx 4-5 partite; petals absent. Fruit +pentagonal stelliform, ⅓ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn86"><span class= +"sn">86</span><span class="taxon bold">Trianthema pentandra</span> +<em>Linn.</em> RABA’A (Khartoum) & RAB’AH—Arab; LOM +(Kenissa)—Dinka.</p> + +<p class="p2">Prostrate herb. Leaves opposite, oval-oblong to +obovate-elliptical, ½-2 in. long. Flowers fascicled, axillary; +calyx 5-fid; petals 0; stamens 5. Capsule membranous or +coriaceous.</p> + +<p class="p2">North Sudan; Red Sea Prov.; Kassala Prov.; Dongola, +Berber, Khartoum, Blue Nile & Kordofan Provinces; Mongalla Prov. +(Kenissa); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).</p> + +<p class="p3">The plant is used as an astringent in abdominal +diseases. The Sudanese mix one spoonful of pounded roots with one +rottl of Marissa and use the mixture as a remedy for gonorrhœa, the +doses being taken for three days.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn86-2" title="Trianthema"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. salsoloides</span> <em>Fenzl.</em> DEILU (N. +Kordn.) & DALLE—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Hairy herb. Leaves opposite, linear, fleshy, ½ to 1 +in. long, dilated at base with membranous stipuliform teeth. +Flowers axillary fascicled or on short lateral leafy shoots. Petals +0; stamens up to 5. Capsule 1-seeded.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol).</p> + +<p class="p3">The ashes mixed with Simsim oil and lime are used for +making soap.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn86-3" title="Trianthema"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. polysperma</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Prostrate herb. Leaves opposite or nearly so, fleshy, +glandular, ¼ to ½ in. long. Flowers dichotomously cymose, sessile +in each fork. Calyx 5-lobed, with petaloid pink margin; stamens +4-6; styles 2; ovary 1-celled, ovules about 7.</p> + +<p class="p2">Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov. (Rufaa); Fung Prov.; +Kordofan Prov. (Abu Gerad).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn86-4" title="Trianthema"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. crystallina</span> <em>Vahl.</em> ARARIB +(Atbara)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Prostrate herb. Leaves fleshy, linear to rotundate, ¾ +in. long. Flowers axillary fascicled.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_75">[75]</span>Red Sea +Prov. (sea-coast); Berber Prov. (Abu Hashim & Atbara); Nubian +Desert; Kordofan Prov. (Debakh); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn86-5" title="Trianthema"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. triquetra</span> <em>Rottl.</em> & +<em>Willd.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Diffuse, prostrate herb, covered with minute scales. +Leaves opposite or alternate, over ½ in. long, linear to +linear-lanceolate, fleshy. Flowers numerous, sessile in the axil. +Style simple.</p> + +<p class="p2">Between Kassala & Goz Regeb; Fung Prov.; White Nile +Prov. (Geteina); Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="portulacace">PORTULACACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn87"><span class= +"sn">87</span><span class="taxon bold">Portulaca quadrifida</span> +<em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Prostrate, fatty herb. Flowers yellow. Leaves +opposite, oval, numerous, fleshy. Joints and flower-heads +bristly.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Karora); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); +Khartoum, Upper White Nile & White Nile Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn87-2" title="Portulaca"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. oleracea</span> <em>Linn.</em> RIGLA—Arab. The +Purslane.</p> + +<p class="p2">Succulent annual with obovate or oblong-spathulate, +alternate, fleshy leaves. Flowers in clusters, few together, +yellow, open during a short time in the morning.</p> + +<p class="p2">Common everywhere. Wild in various parts, e.g., Red +Sea, White Nile, Bahr El Ghazal & Mongalla Provinces.</p> + +<p class="p3">Used as a vegetable and salad, the seeds are +demulcent, diuretic and slightly astringent.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn87-3" title="Portulaca"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. Erythraea</span> <em>Schwfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Fleshy; leaves obovate-cuneate, about 1 in. long. +Flowers axillary, sessile, solitary.</p> + +<p class="p2">No locality given (fide Mrs. Crowfoot).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn87-4" title="Portulaca"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. foliosa</span> <em>Kern.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, woody below. Leaves fleshy, terete. Flowers +yellow, solitary or in few-flowered heads, with numerous setæ.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mvolo near Rōl River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn88"><span class= +"sn">88</span><span class="taxon bold">Talinum Caffrum</span> +<em>E.</em> & <em>Z.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small herb, woody below, somewhat succulent above. +Leaves linear-lanceolate. Flowers axillary, solitary or in pairs, +yellow.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Sh. Tombé).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn88-2" title="Talinum"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. cuneifolium</span> <em>Willd.</em> DANAB EL TUT +(Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; KUGATABBA—Bongo.</p> + +<p class="p2">Undershrub. Leaves thick. Flowers carmine; capsules +size of a pea, thinly crustaceous, nodding; seeds numerous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov.; +Kordofan Prov. (J. Dago & Barku); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn88-3" title="Talinum"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_76">[76]</span><span class="taxon bold">T. +crassifolium</span> <em>Willd.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small herb, woody below. Leaves fleshy, elliptic or +oblanceolate-oblong. Flowers red in terminal, few-flowered +panicles.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (coast).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="polygonace">POLYGONACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn89"><span class= +"sn">89</span><span class="taxon bold">Oxygonum +atriplicifolium</span> <em>Martelli.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb; stem slender, pubescent on one side. Leaves +alternate, deltoid to lanceolate, ¾ in. long; petiole ¼ in. long, +dilated into a membranous sheath (<em>ochrea</em>), with long +hairs. Racemes 6 in. long; bracts like ochreæ enclosing 2-3 +flowers; per. minute, pink, 5-lobed, becoming 3-spined in fruit; +stamens 8; styles 3. Flowers polygamous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); +Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">var. sinuatum</span> +<em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p4">Leaves thicker, pinnately lobed.</p> + +<p class="p4">Red Sea Prov. (Khor Tamanib); White Nile Prov. +(Hillet Abbas); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Kulme); Mongalla +Prov. (Bor & Mongalla).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn90"><span class= +"sn">90</span><span class="taxon bold">Polygonum plebeium</span> +<em>R. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Prostrate herb with short internodes. Leaves +alternate, linear-oblong, ¼ to ½ in. long; ochreæ membranous, +white, lacerate. Flowers clustered 2-5, axillary; per. white, +small, 5-lobed; stamens 8. Fr. trigonous, shining.</p> + +<p class="p2">Khartoum Prov.; Banks of the Nile; Fung Prov. +(Jongol’s Post).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn90-2" title="Polygonum"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. serrulatum</span> <em>Lag.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Slender procumbent annual, 2-3 ft. long. Leaves +lanceolate, acuminate, 3-4 in. long, subsessile; ochreæ bristly. +Spikes several to a stem; 1½-2 in. long; bracts ciliate; per. pink, +minute; stamens 6-8, styles and nut as above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: +Nabambisso River); Mongalla Prov. (Lado).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn90-3" title="Polygonum"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. limbatum</span> <em>Meisn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial 3-4 ft. high. Leaves lanceolate, 3-4 in. +long, subsessile, with stout adpressed hairs; ochreæ large, hairy +sheathing below, deflexed above. Racemes 3 to a branch, 2-3 in. +long; per. pink, minute; stamens 7; styles 2; nut lenticular, +glossy, black.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (Rahad); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur +Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn90-4" title="Polygonum"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. barbatum</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Hairy perennial. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate, up to +6 in. long, subsessile, hairy both sides; ochreæ without limb. +Spikes, 2-3 in. long; bracts bristly on margins, per. pink, minute; +stamens 6-8; styles 3; nut trigonous.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_77">[77]</span>Kassala +Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Darfur Prov. +(Kulme & J. Marra: Niurnya 6,500 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur +Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="p3">A blue dye, like indigo, is said to be obtained from +this plant in China and Japan. The root is used as an astringent +and cooling remedy.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn90-5" title="Polygonum"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. lanigerum</span> <em>R. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Hoary aquatic herb, 4-5 ft. high. Leaves lanceolate, +up to 9 in. long; ochreæ long, membranous, ciliate. Racemes dense, +1-3 in. long; bracts orbicular; per. ⅙ in. long; stamens 6; styles +2; fr. lenticular, black.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Meshra El Rek & Ghabat El Arab, +Bongo: Zariba Agad Ngulfala); Mongalla Prov. (Kenissa, Yei +River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn90-6" title="Polygonum"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. tomentosum</span> <em>Willd.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall aquatic herb, more fulvous than the above; +stamens usually 7; bracts truncate, ciliate, otherwise as +above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Kordofan Prov. (Rahad); Upper +White Nile Prov. (mouth of Sobat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land: Bodumo swamps & Nabambisso River); Bahr El Jebel +(Sudd); Mongalla Prov. Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn90-7" title="Polygonum"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. senegalense</span> <em>Meisn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial, 4-5 ft. high. Leaves distinctly petioled, +oblong-lanceolate, narrowed both ends, 2-8 in. long; ochreæ large, +truncate, not ciliate. Racemes 2-3 in. long; bracts ovate, not +ciliate; per. pale pink, minute; stamens 7; styles 2; nut +orbicular, flattened, shining, blackish.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 6,500 ft).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn90-8" title="Polygonum"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. acuminatum</span> <em>H.B.</em> & <em>K.</em> +<span class="taxon bold">var. microstemon</span> <em>Mart.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Pubescent herb. Leaves lin.-lanceolate, acuminate, 6 +in. long, adpressed hairy on both sides; ochreæ bristly. Spikes +dense, 2-3 in. long, 2-4 to a stem; bracts ovate, ciliate; per. +pink, minute, 4-5 lobed; style bifid; nut lenticular.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn90-9" title="Polygonum"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. glabrum</span> <em>Willd.</em> TIMSAHIYA +(Khartoum)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous marsh herb, 3-4 ft. high. Leaves +oblong-lanceolate, up to 8 in. long; ochreæ large, membranous. +Spikes dense, 2 in. long; per. pink; stamens 6-8; styles 2; nut +lenticular, orbicular.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Dongola Prov. (Saikot); Between Khartoum & +Shendi; Blue Nile Prov. (Bagras, Dinder River); Fung Prov. +(Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (J. +Marra, Wadi Gindi 7,300 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau in +Jur).</p> + +<p class="p3">An infusion of the leaves is used to relieve pain in +case of colic.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn91"><span class= +"sn">91</span><span class="taxon bold">Rumex abyssinicus</span> +<em>Jacq.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Very tall herb with perennial root stock; stems +hollow, reddish. Leaves triangular or ovate, hastate, up to 8 +in.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_78">[78]</span> long; petals up +to 4 in. long, red; ochreæ membranous, ¾ in. long. Panicle +terminal, branched, 1 ft. long; flowers polygamous; per. lobes 6, 3 +inner enlarged in fr. to ¼ in.; stamens 6; styles 3, stigmas +fimbriate; nut 3-gonous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 6-8,000 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn91-2" title="Rumex"><span class= +"taxon bold">R. vesicarius</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Branched herb. Leaves deltoid or ovate, 1¼ in. long, +cordate, fleshy; petals up to 1½ in. long. Panicles terminal; +flowers 1-2 on jointed ped. in the whorls; bracts as long as ped., +scarious; per. segm. ⅓ in. diameter in fr., reddish, winged; nut +almost 3-winged.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Littoral); Darfur Prov. (J. Meidob, +4,000 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn91-3" title="Rumex"><span class= +"taxon bold">R. nepalensis</span> <em>Spreng.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stout perennial, 3-4 ft. high. Basal leaves long +petioled, oblong, rounded or cordate at base, 1 ft. or more long, +cauline ovate-oblong, cordate to lanceolate. Panicles long, lax, +with reduced leaves below; flowers many in a whorl; pedicels +deflexed; inner per. segm. ⅛ in. in fruit, ovate-cordate margined +with hooked teeth; nut ovoid-triquetrous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Guloberi Wadi, 8,000 +ft.).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="illecebrace">ILLECEBRACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn92"><span class= +"sn">92</span><span class="taxon bold">Paronychia argentea</span> +<em>Lam.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Densely tufted, pubescent herb, 3-6 in. high. Leaves +opposite, lower oblanceolate, mucronate, upper shorter, oblong; +stipules and bracts white-scarious, the latter completely hiding +the flowers which are in dense terminal clusters; per. very minute, +5-partite lobes hooded at tip.</p> + +<p class="p2">Dongola Prov. (Khandak).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn93"><span class= +"sn">93</span><span class="taxon bold">Cometes abyssinica</span> +<em>R. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect perennial, 6-12 in. high, pubescent and much +branched. Leaves opposite or verticillate, lanceolate, sessile. +Flowers in terminal clusters, bracts enlarged in fruit, silky, +long, whitish, forming globose, somewhat rotate heads about 1 in. +diameter; per. ⅙ in. long, green.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Soturba, Khor Tamanib, Khor Ashat, Has +Has, Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 6,500 ft. and over).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="phytolaccace">PHYTOLACCACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn94"><span class= +"sn">94</span><span class="taxon bold">Mohlana nemoralis</span> +<em>Mart.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect annual, 3-4 ft. high. Leaves alternate, oblong, +acute or acuminate, up to 6 in. long. Racemes moderately dense, 2-5 +in. long; perianth small, dark green, obliquely campanulate, veined +in fr., segments 4, unequal, lowest largest; stamens 4; anthers +versatile sagittate; fr. fleshy, lenticular.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: +Naporruporru).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn95"><span class= +"sn">95</span><span class="taxon bold">Phytolacca octandra</span> +<em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect perennial, 2-3 ft. high; stems stout. Leaves +alternate,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_79">[79]</span> oblong, +3-4 in. long. Racemes very dense; per. green, 5-partite; stamens +about 8; fr. globose, purple-black.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="chenopodiace">CHENOPODIACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn96"><span class= +"sn">96</span><span class="taxon bold">Chenopodium album</span> +<em>Linn.</em> FISS EL KELAB—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Erect herb, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves alternate, +ovate-lanceolate, 1-1½ in. long, coarse-dentate, mealy. Panicles +axillary; per. lobes 5, triangular, incurved; stamens 5, filam. +short; styles 2, seed globose, black-brown.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">The plant is eaten as a pot-herb. It is also said to +have laxative properties.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn96-2" title="Chenopodium"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. murale</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect herb, mealy all over. Leaves ovate, obscurely +3-lobed, coarsely serrate, 1-4 in. long. Panicles terminal and +axillary, more spreading than in above. Flowers as above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° N. Lat.); Berber Prov.; +Khartoum Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 6,500 +ft.).</p> + +<p class="p3">It is eaten as a pot-herb.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn96-3" title="Chenopodium"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. Schraderianum</span> <em>Roem.</em> & +<em>Schult.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, 2-5 ft. high. Leaves pinnatifid, 1-4 in. long, +covered with stalked and sessile yellow glands. Panicle much +branched and in zigzags; per. segments 5; triangular, keeled, with +stalked glands.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 6,500 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn97"><span class= +"sn">97</span><span class="taxon bold">Atriplex farinosa</span> +<em>Forsk.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Undershrub, 3 ft. high. Leaves alternate, +lanceolate-oblong, 1½ in. long, short petioled, some cordate or +auricled, densely white-tomentose beneath. Flowers unisexual, in +terminal spikes or panicles, male flower per. 5-lobed; stamens 3-5; +female flower enclosed in 2 orbicular, tomentose bracts, 1/5 in. +diameter in fr., per. 0, styles 2-branched.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Littoral).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn98"><span class= +"sn">98</span><span class="taxon bold">Kochia cana</span> +<em>Boiss.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Undershrub; branchlets white, obscurely silky. Leaves +alternate, oblong, 1/5 in. long, hairy. Infl. subglobose, embedded +in long brown hairs, axillary or terminal, 2-sexual or female; per. +lobes 5, incurved and enlarged in fr.; stamens 5; styles 2-3.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Littoral).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn99"><span class= +"sn">99</span><span class="taxon bold">Halopeplis perfoliata</span> +<em>Schweinf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Woody, branched undershrub, 1-2 ft. high, nodes +approximate. Leaves alternate, very small, sessile, decurrent, +glabrous. Spikes small, dense; per. 3-toothed; stamens 1-2.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Littoral).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn100"><span class= +"sn">100</span><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_80">[80]</span><span class="taxon bold">Arthrocnemum +fruticosum</span> <em>Moq.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Undershrub, branches short-jointed. Leaves 0. Flowers +2-sexual, very small, partially sunk in cylindric, dense spikes +1½-2½ in. long; per. 3-4 lobed; stamens 1-2.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Saline marshes, Er-Rih Island).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn101"><span class= +"sn">101</span><span class="taxon bold">Salsola fœtida</span> +<em>Del.</em> DEBERRAH (Nubia) & MULLEY (Egypt)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Evil-smelling undershrub, 1-4 ft. high. Leaves +alternate, orbicular, minute, fleshy, imbricate; bracteoles +similar. Flowers in short, dense axillary spikes; per. 5-partite, +segments in fr. winged, scarious; stamens 5; style 2-branched.</p> + +<p class="p2">Wadi Halfa (on sandstone); Berber Prov. (Obeish); +Between Berber & Khartoum; Red Sea Prov. (Suakin & 21° N. +Lat.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn101-2" title="Salsola"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. vermiculata</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Pubescent undershrub. Leaves alternate or fascicled, +ovate, up to ⅓ in. long, keeled at base. Flowers in dense spikes, +as above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia (banks of the Nile, near Tingur).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn102"><span class= +"sn">102</span><span class="taxon bold">Suæda fruticosa</span> +<em>Forsk.</em> ADLIB—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous undershrub, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves alternate, +scattered, linear, fleshy, ¼-⅔ in. long. Flowers minute, axillary, +solitary or clustered; per. urn-shaped in bud; lobes 5; stamens 5; +style short, 3-armed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° N. Lat & Littoral).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn102-2" title="Suaeda"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. monoica</span> <em>Forsk.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Similar to above; upper leaves larger; flowers larger +and mostly 1-sexual.</p> + +<p class="p2">Between Suakin & Berber (Khor Langeb); Kordofan Prov. +(Maties).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn102-3" title="Suaeda"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. Volkensii</span> <em>C. B. Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Succulent undershrub. Leaves oblong, up to ⅓ in. +long. Flowers clustered on nearly continuous spikes. Per. larger +than in <i>S. fruticosa</i>, pentagonal, swollen in fruit.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (saline soils on sea-coast).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn102-4" title="Suaeda"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. vermiculata</span> <em>Forsk.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Spreading, white tomentose undershrub. Leaves ovate, +sub-globose, up to ⅙ in. long, mealy and glandular, tubercled at +base. Flowers in dense spikes; bracts spirally inserted, +white-margined; filaments exserted.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn102-5" title="Suaeda"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. vermiculata</span> <em>Forsk.</em> <span class= +"taxon bold">var. puberula</span> <em>C. B. Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves linear, up to ⅓ in. long without tubercle.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Coast).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn103"><span class= +"sn">103</span><span class="taxon bold">Cornulaca monacantha</span> +<em>Del.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Much branched, rigid undershrub. Leaves alternate +lanceolate, up to ¼ in. long, curved, ending in a spine, which +drops off when old and the base becomes a cushion.<span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_81">[81]</span> Flowers clustered, buried in +wool, polygamous; per. segments 5, 1 or more spinescent in +fruit.</p> + +<p class="p2">Dongola Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn103-2" title="Cornulaca"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. Ehrenbergii</span> <em>Aschers.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves densely imbricated, mucronate; flowers +solitary, not buried in wool, axillary, otherwise as above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Coast).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="amarantace">AMARANTACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn104"><span class= +"sn">104</span><span class="taxon bold">Celosia argentea</span> +<em>Linn.</em> DANAB EL KELB (H. Abbas), & SHEIBA (Meshra El +Zeraf)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Branched herb, 1-4 ft. high. Leaves alternate, linear +to spathulate-elliptic, 1-5 in. long; petals 1-2 in. long. Spikes +dense, scarious, silvery-white, pink or straw-coloured, up to 6 in. +long; per. ⅓ in. long, 5-fid; stamens 5, filaments united at base; +style 3-branched.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); South of Khartoum; +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov.; Sobat +River (Nasser).</p> + +<p class="p3">The seeds are a remedy for diarrhœa. The plant is +sometimes eaten as a pot-herb; it is also said to yield a strong +fibre.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn104-2" title="Celosia"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. laxa</span> <em>Schumach.</em> & +<em>Thonn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Branched herb, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves long-petioled +below, ovate to lanceolate, up to 3 in. long. Infl. much looser +than in above, 2-4 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land by Nabambisso +River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn104-3" title="Celosia"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. trigyna</span> <em>Linn.</em> BAMBIT (Kordn.), EL +BUEIDA (Blue Nile)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Straggling herb, 1-4 ft. high. Leaves long-petioled +below, ovate or lanceolate, acuminate, 1-5 in. long. Infl. varying +from linear panicles, 4-6 in. long, interrupted, to simple spikes +or globular spicate heads, 1 in. in diameter, pink to +silvery-white; per. ⅛ in. long; style 3-branched.</p> + +<p class="p2">Between Korosko & Berber; Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & +Karora); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Khartoum Prov.; Blue +Nile Prov.; Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); White Nile Prov.; Kordofan +Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Zalingei); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur +Ghattas, Niamniam-land); Mongalla Prov. (Lado: Yei River: +Kagula).</p> + +<p class="p3">The leaves are eaten as a vegetable.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn104-4" title="Celosia"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. Schweinfurthiana</span> <em>Schinz.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Scrambling herb, 4-5 ft. long. Leaves long-petioled, +ovate-lanceolate, 3 in. long. Panicles linear, up to 10 in. long, +or elongate, interrupted spikes; per. 1/10 in. long; style +bifid.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn104-5" title="Celosia"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. populifolia</span> <em>Moquin.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Straggling undershrub, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves petioled, +ovate-lanceolate,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_82">[82]</span> +base rounded, 3 in. long. Panicles linear, thyrsoid, 4-7 in. long; +per. 1/10 in. long, scarious white with dark lines; style bifid. +Caps. 1-seeded.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Goz Regeb); Blue Nile Prov.; Fung +Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (Bareis); Darfur Prov.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn105"><span class= +"sn">105</span><span class="taxon bold">Digera arvensis</span> +<em>Forsk.</em> HARAYRAH, NUARAH, BEBIT or LABLAB AHMAR (Blue Nile +Prov.), & ASFAR (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; AMMĀL (Meshra El +Zeraf)—Dinka; KILUTUM (Meshra El Zeraf)—Shilluk.</p> + +<p class="p2">Branched herb, 8-20 in. high. Leaves alternate, +lanceolate or ovate, 2 in. long. Spikes axillary 2-7, somewhat +interrupted, pink; per. 4-5-fid, ⅙ in. long; stamens 5, not united +at base: style 2-fid; caps. 1-seeded.</p> + +<p class="p2">Widely distributed: Nubia (between Suakin & Berber, +Wadi Abu Salem); Kassala Prov.: Berber Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue +Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Ghabat El +Arab).</p> + +<p class="p3">It is eaten as a pot-herb, also as fodder. The leaves +are used to cure indigestion.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn106"><span class= +"sn">106</span><span class="taxon bold">Amarantus caudatus</span> +<em>Linn.</em> ORF ED DIK—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Erect herb, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves alternate, +long-petioled, narrow-elliptic, 2-12 in. long. Spikes red, linear +numerous, mostly in terminal panicles; bracts numerous, longer than +flowers; per. 1/10 in. long, 5-fid; style 3-fid, long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. +(Jongol’s Post & Roseires); Kordofan Prov. (Sigei).</p> + +<p class="p3">Cultivated for its seed, which is edible. The plant +is also cooked and eaten as a vegetable. The garden variety is +known as “Love-lies-bleeding.”</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn106-2" title="Amarantus"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. tricolor</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, 1-5 ft. high. Leaves spathulate-ovate, +acuminate, up to 4 in. long; pet. 1-2½ in. long. Spikes axillary +and in terminal panicles; per. 1/10 in. long, 3-fid; bracts +long-awned, longer than flowers; style 3-branched.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn106-3" title="Amarantus"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. oleraceus</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb; a weed in cultivation. Leaves ovate-elliptic, 2 +in. long, long-petioled. Spikes axillary and terminal, dense; per. +very minute, segments 3.</p> + +<p class="p2">Khartoum Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn106-4" title="Amarantus"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. græcizans</span> <em>Linn.</em> FISS EL KELB, & +LISĀN EL TEIR—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">A weed in cultivation. Leaves elliptic, 1-2 in. long, +long-petioled. Spikes globose, axillary and terminal; per. segments +3, minute, tailed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Khartoum, Kassala & Kordofan Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn106-5" title="Amarantus"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. Blitum</span> <em>Linn.</em> LISĀN EL TEIR (N. +Kordn.)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">A weed in cultivation, 15 in. high. Leaves +narrow-oblong to<span class="pagenum" id="Page_83">[83]</span> +obovate ½-1½ in. long including pet. Spikes copious, axillary; +flowers still smaller than above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Suakin); Khartoum, Blue Nile, White +Nile, Kordofan & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn106-6" title="Amarantus"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. polygamus</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">A weed, up to 2 ft. high. Leaves ovate-elliptic, 2 +in. long; pet. often very long. Spikes axillary; flowers as +above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); White Nile Prov. +(J. Arashkol); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn107"><span class= +"sn">107</span><span class="taxon bold">Aerva tomentosa</span> +<em>Forsk.</em> GHUBEISH (Nomads, Kordn.), SHEIBA (N. Kordn.), LERU +or (EL) ARA or LARA—Arab; EIGAB—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Undershrub, 2-4 ft. high, with dense white stellate +hairs. Leaves alternate, lanceolate, 4 in. long. Flowers in spiked +terminal, leafless, dense panicles, 2 in. long; per. 5-fid, ⅛ in. +long, hairy; bracts hairy; stamens 5; filaments united in a tube +with alternating staminodes, style 2-branched; caps. 1-seeded.</p> + +<p class="p2">Widely distributed. Red Sea Prov.; Dongola Prov. +(Khandak); Berber Prov. (Saggadi, Wadi Omari); Khartoum, Blue Nile, +Kordofan & Darfur Provinces.</p> + +<p class="p3">The woolly spikes are used for stuffing pillows and +donkey saddles. The roots are used as tooth-brushes. It is used +medicinally for horses and camels.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">var.</span> β. <span class= +"taxon bold">Bovel</span> <em>Webb.</em></p> + +<p class="p4">More tawny than type. Leaves oblong or obovate, 1 in. +long. Flowers smaller; spikes more slender and interrupted.</p> + +<p class="p4">Red Sea Prov. (between Suakin & Berber); Dongola +Prov. (Debba): Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn107-2" title="Aerva"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. Ruspolii</span> <em>Lopr.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Bushy, tawny-woolly herb. Leaves oblong and obovate, +½ in. long, recurved. Spikes small and interrupted.</p> + +<p class="p2">Berber Prov. (17° 30′ Lat. N.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn107-3" title="Aerva"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. lanata</span> <em>Juss.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Woolly herb, 1-4 ft. high. Leaves ovate, 1½ in. long. +Spikes axillary and terminal, ¼-½ in. long; flowers small, densely +white-woolly; bracts glabrous-pointed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Soturba, sea-coast, Erkowit); Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Nabambisso River: Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">var.</span> β. <span class= +"taxon bold">oblongata</span> <em>Aschers.</em></p> + +<p class="p4">Leaves thick, very woolly. Spikes in a dense, narrow +panicle, 1 ft. long.</p> + +<p class="p4">Red. Sea Prov. (Soturba).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn107-4" title="Aerva"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. brachiata</span> <em>Mart.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">More glabrate than <i>A. lanata</i> and smaller. +Infl. axillary; flowers very minute; stamens 2 only.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile, Kordofan & Darfur Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn108"><span class= +"sn">108</span><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_84">[84]</span><span class="taxon bold">Cyathula +prostrata</span> <em>Blume.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Hairy or glabrate herb, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves ovate or +obovate, 1-4 in. long. Spikes terminal, 2-6 in. long, ¼ in. wide; +bracts with straight and hooked spines; per. segments 5, blunt or +spinose, 1/12 in. long; stamens 5, alternating with staminodes.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Kalenjo).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn109"><span class= +"sn">109</span><span class="taxon bold">Pupalia lappacea</span> +<em>Juss.</em> LAMRAGA—Bari.</p> + +<p class="p2">Hairy herb, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, +2-6 in. long. Infl. in terminal subspicate clusters, 2-4 in. long; +flowers about 3 together enclosed by 2 bracts and 4 bracteoles +covered with white, woolly hairs and hooked and barbed spines +forming very troublesome burrs; stamens 5; filaments connate at +base.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov.; Suakin to Berber (Wadi Omari); Fung +Prov. (Roseires, Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol & +rocky hills); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Maiuoli, +Jur: Dimo); Bahr El Jebel.</p> + +<p class="p3">At Rejaf the plant is used medicinally, being burnt +and the ashes added to water and drunk for flatulence. It is also +said to be used for leprosy; sores are bled and the ashes of the +plant, called DIKERI TIMALLO, are rubbed in. Patients eat light +food and no meat.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn110"><span class= +"sn">110</span><span class="taxon bold">Psilotrichum +cordatum</span> <em>Moquin.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves opposite, ovate, 1½ in. +long, hairy. Panicles terminal, 1-2 ft. long; spikes ½-1½ in. long, +4-12 flowered, bracteoles 2, shorter than flowers; per. segments 5, +⅛ in. long, green, hairy; stamens 5, filaments joined into a cup at +the base.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Soturba).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn110-2" title="Psilotrichum"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. Schimperi</span> <em>Engl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous branched herb, 18 in. high. Leaves +lin.-oblong, 2 in. long. Spikes terminal and subaxillary, up to 5 +in. long in fruit; per. green.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn111"><span class= +"sn">111</span><span class="taxon bold">Achyranthes aspera</span> +<em>Linn.</em> ABRUKAB (Sennar), DANAB EL ABILANI or FAKHAH or +NA’ANA’A (Meshra El Zeraf), ANAWIDIK (Khartoum), ERG EL ASDA & ERG +EL DAM (Blue Nile)—Arab; DARATNIUWA—Hadendowa; EILUKWATEN +(Dilling)—Nuba.</p> + +<p class="p2">Straggling or erect woody herb. Leaves opposite, +elliptic, 2-3 in. long. Spikes usually simple, 2-18 in. long, +occasionally compound and feathery; bracteoles spiny; fr. deflexed, +somewhat prickly.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & Khortratib); from Lat. 15° +30′ southwards.</p> + +<p class="p3">Root chewed and used as a styptic on cuts.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn111-2" title="Achyranthes"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. aspera</span> <em>Linn.</em> <span class= +"taxon bold">var. argentea</span> <em>C. B. Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves silky, strigose beneath with white hairs, +often silvery.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_85">[85]</span>Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (near +mouth of Bahr El Ghazal); Mongalla Prov. (Kenissa).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn111-3" title="Achyranthes"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. aquatica</span> <em>R. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Hirsute aquatic herb. Leaves ovate or lanceolate, 3-4 +in. long. Spikes 3 in. long; bracteoles small; per. straw-coloured; +fr. deflexed as above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Deleib, Khor Agalin, & Jongol’s Post); +White Nile Prov. (Abba Island & Kosti); Kordofan Prov.; Mongalla +Prov. (Mongalla).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn112"><span class= +"sn">112</span><span class="taxon bold">Pandiaka cylindrica</span> +<em>Hook. f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Hairy herb. Leaves opposite, subsessile, oblong, 1 +in. long. Spikes 1½ in. long, pinkish straw-coloured; bracteoles 2, +longer than per., mucronate, white-hairy; per. ¼ in. long, +white-hairy; stamens 5, connate at base with quadrate alternating +hairy staminodes.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (between Limbo’s & Abu Shakka’s, +Jur Majob); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn112-2" title="Pandiaka"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. Heudelotii</span> <em>Hook. f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Hairy herb, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves sessile, linear, 2-3 +in. long. Spikes 1 in. long, green to straw-coloured; bracteoles ⅙ +in. long, pointed; per. 1/5 in. long, hairy; stamens as above, +glabrous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur +Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn112-3" title="Pandiaka"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>C. B. Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves sessile, broad-elliptic or +oblanceolate. Spikes 1½ in. long, terminal, straw-coloured; stamens +as above, staminodes long-fimbriate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn112-4" title="Pandiaka"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. oblanceolata</span> <em>C. B. Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Sparsely hairy herb. Leaves oblanceolate-oblong, 1¾ +in. long, sessile. Spikes 2 in. long, pale-brown; bracteoles 1/5 +in., bristle-pointed as is the per., which is ⅓ in. long; +staminodes lacerate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo, Addai).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn113"><span class= +"sn">113</span><span class="taxon bold">Alternanthera +nodiflora</span> <em>R. Br.</em> ABU TUMRA (N. Kordn.)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Procumbent hairy herb, 6-24 in. long. Leaves +opposite; oblong or elliptic-lanceolate, ½-2½ in. long. Heads +axillary, ⅓ in. diameter, white; per. segm. ⅙ in. long; stamens 5, +filaments united into a cup with alternate notched teeth.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. +(Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov.; Upper White Nile +Prov. (Kodok).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn113-2" title="Alternanthera"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. achyranthoides</span> <em>Forsk.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves usually lobed, otherwise as above but per. +smaller.</p> + +<p class="p2">Berber Prov. (Saggadi); Blue Nile Prov. (Wad Medani); +White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, Wau River); Bahr El +Jebel.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="basellace"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_86">[86]</span>BASELLACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn114"><span class= +"sn">114</span><span class="taxon bold">Basella alba</span> +<em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous, much branched, twining herb. Leaves +alternate, ovate or cordate, 2-4 in. long, long-petioled, almost +leafless in dry season. Flowers 2-sexual, in axillary spikes with 2 +fleshy bractlets adnate to per.; per. fleshy, shortly 5-lobed; +stamens 5; styles 3. Fr. globose, enclosed in enlarged per., 1/5 +in. diameter, red, white or black.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by Nabambisso +River).</p> + +<p class="p2">Cultivated as a Spinach.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="linace">LINACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn115"><span class= +"sn">115</span><span class="taxon bold">Linum strictum</span> +<em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect herb. Leaves linear, scabrid. Flowers yellow, +small, in cymose corymbs. Capsule splitting into 5 2-seeded valves +or into 10 1-seeded valves.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn116"><span class= +"sn">116</span><span class="taxon bold">Hugonia platysepala</span> +<em>Welw.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub, 6-9 ft. high. Leaves alternate, shining above, +broadly oblanceolate to obovate oblong, acute or cuspidate. Flowers +in few flowered racemes, yellow, over 1 in. across; outer sepals +with revolute margins; stamens monadelphous. Fruit globose, +orange-coloured, ½ in. diameter.</p> + +<p class="p2">Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Yuru River).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="zygophyllace">ZYGOPHYLLACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn117"><span class= +"sn">117</span><span class="taxon bold">Tribulus terrestris</span> +<em>Linn.</em> DREISA or DEREISA, GATHA (Egypt)—Arab; +KÜRWAI—Nuer.</p> + +<p class="p2">Prostrate plant with opposite pari-pinnate leaves; +fruit of 5 woody cocci, each with 2 pairs of stiff spines. Flowers +solitary yellow. Sepals and petals 5 each, stamens 10, +distinct.</p> + +<p class="p2">In most parts of the Sudan.</p> + +<p class="p3">The whole plant, especially the fruit, used +medicinally as a diuretic. The leaves are occasionally eaten.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn117-2" title="Tribulus"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. mollis</span> <em>Ehrb.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Like <i>T. terrestris</i>, but flowers very small, +fruits densely pilose and with wings rather than horns at the +base.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Khartoum Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn117-3" title="Tribulus"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. alatus</span> <em>Del.</em> GATHA (Egypt), +DREYS—Arab; SHEISHIG—Hadendowa; GUTAB—Rashida.</p> + +<p class="p2">Prostrate herb; fruit spinosely and broadly winged, +otherwise much like <i>T. terrestris</i>.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Dongonab, etc.); Berber Prov.; Kassala +Prov. (Um Adam).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn117-4" title="Tribulus"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_87">[87]</span><span class="taxon bold">T. +pterocarpus</span> <em>Ehrenb.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Prostrate herb; fruit roundish winged, otherwise like +<i>T. terrestris</i>.</p> + +<p class="p2">Dongola Prov.; Between Suakin & Berber (Obak).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn117-5" title="Tribulus"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. cistoides</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Like <i>T. terrestris</i>, but stigmatic lobes not +longer than diameter of style.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn117-6" title="Tribulus"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. Ehrenbergii</span> <em>Asch.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Densely villous herb; wings of fruit toothed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Dongola Prov.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn118"><span class= +"sn">118</span><span class="taxon bold">Zygophyllum simplex</span> +<em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Prostrate, succulent, much branched herb. Leaves +opposite, 1-fol., unequal, fleshy. Flowers yellow, small, on short +peduncles. Fruit deeply 5-lobed, small.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat., and Akik); Between +Khartoum & Sabil; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol).</p> + +<p class="p3">Camel fodder.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn118-2" title="Zygophyllum"><span class= +"taxon bold">Z. album</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Hoary shrub; fruit deeply 5-lobed, obcordate. Leaves +diphyllous, fleshy.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Red Sea Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn118-3" title="Zygophyllum"><span class= +"taxon bold">Z. coccineum</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous shrub; fruit 5-lobed. Leaves diphyllous, +fleshy.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Soturba hills).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn118-4" title="Zygophyllum"><span class= +"taxon bold">Z. decumbens</span> <em>Del.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous herb or undershrub. Leaves diphyllous, +fleshy. Flowers numerous; staminal scales deeply 2-fid. Fruit +deeply 5-lobed, turbinate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Soturba).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn119"><span class= +"sn">119</span><span class="taxon bold">Fagonia cretica</span> +<em>Linn.</em> ABU-SHOKA, ABU-SHWEIKA & SHOLIB—Arab; +OSAR—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bushy, spinose, shrubby herb. Leaves opposite, 1-5 +fol., nearly sessile. Flowers solitary, usually purple or lilac. +Fruit pyramidal, deeply 5-lobed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov.; Kassala Prov. (between Goz Regeb & Bir +Tussun); Dongola Prov.; Berber Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile +Prov.; Fung Prov.; Kordofan (Taiara & Obeid); Darfur Prov. (Plains +40-80 miles N.E. of El Fasher).</p> + +<p class="p3">Used in native medicines for tumours, ulcers, +etc.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">var. parviflora</span> +<em>Boiss.</em></p> + +<p class="p4">Leaves 1-fol.; leaflets linear-lanceolate. Spines +exceeding the leaves.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia (Otao).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn120"><span class= +"sn">120</span><span class="taxon bold">Seetzenia africana</span> +<em>R. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Prostrate herb, woody below. Leaves opposite, 3-fol., +with interpetiolar stipules, fleshy. Flowers small, axillary, +solitary.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_88">[88]</span> Fruit of 5 +1-seeded cocci, separating longitudinally, sub-globose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Dongola Prov. (J. Barkal).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="geraniace">GERANIACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn121"><span class= +"sn">121</span><span class="taxon bold">Monsonia +senegalensis</span> <em>Guill.</em> EL GURUN (N. Kordn.)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Diffuse shrubby herb with ovate-cordate leaves. +Flowers purple on 1-flowered peduncles. Fruit beaked, beak 3 in. +long. Stamens 15.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); White Nile Prov. (Jebelein +& J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn121-2" title="Monsonia"><span class= +"taxon bold">M. nivea</span> <em>Webb.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small white pubescent herb with ovate-lanceolate (not +cordate) leaves. Fruit beak 1½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Dongonab).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn122"><span class= +"sn">122</span><span class="taxon bold">Geranium favosum</span> +<em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, up to 4 ft. high; branches glandular, pilose +above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves deeply 5-lobed, segments pinnatifid. Peduncles +2-flowered; stamens 10. Carpels transversely deeply pitted, with or +without tails. Fruit beaked.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & 21° N.L., etc.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn123"><span class= +"sn">123</span><span class="taxon bold">Erodium malachoides</span> +<em>Willd.</em> KORĪAB—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Stemless herb with decumbent branches, pubescent. +Radical leaves, ovate-cordate, more or less 3-5-lobed, crenate. +Fruit beak up to 2½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & 21° N.L.); Darfur +Prov. (J. Marra: 9,000 ft.)</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="oxalidace">OXALIDACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn124"><span class= +"sn">124</span><span class="taxon bold">Oxalis caprina</span> +<em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tuberous stemless herb. Leaves 3-fol. with obcordate +leaflets; leaf stalks up to 6 in. long. Flowers purplish in 3-8 +flowered umbels on long peduncles.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn124-2" title="Oxalis"><span class= +"taxon bold">O. corniculata</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial herb with long creeping or underground +stems. Leaves trifoliolate. Flowers yellow, 1-3 in umbels on +axillary peduncles exceeding the leaves.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Niurnya +7,000 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn125"><span class= +"sn">125</span><span class="taxon bold">Biophytum Apodiscias</span> +<em>Turcz.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual; leaves abruptly pinnate, crowded at nodes and +ends of stem and branches, sensitive. Flowers, yellow or red, in +umbels on axillary peduncles, with numerous setaceous bracts. +Styles 5. Fruit a 5-celled capsule.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur +Ghattas).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="balsaminace"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_89">[89]</span>BALSAMINACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn126"><span class= +"sn">126</span><span class="taxon bold">Impatiens +niamniamensis</span> <em>Gilg.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb 1 ft. high. Leaves ovate-lanceolate deeply +crenate, about 6 in. long. Flowers with the upper petal green, the +spur dull purple.</p> + +<p class="p2">Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Assika +River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn126-2" title="Impatiens"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. Irvingii</span> <em>Hook. f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Succulent herb, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves usually +alternate, lanceolate, serrulate, 3-5 in. long. Flowers red, +solitary or in pairs, irregular, the spur of calyx much longer than +the body of the lip. Capsule short, elastically splitting into +5-valves.</p> + +<p class="p2">Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Mbrwole & Yuru +Rivers).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="lythrace">LYTHRACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn127"><span class= +"sn">127</span><span class="taxon bold">Rotala verticillaris</span> +<em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, often procumbent. Leaves in whorls of 4-8, +narrow linear, truncate or bifid at apex. Flowers sessile, whorled, +small.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn127-2" title="Rotala"><span class= +"taxon bold">R. serpiculoides</span> <em>Welw.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Marsh herb, 1-3 in. high. Leaves opposite, linear, +ab. 1 in. long. Flowers 1-4 together; calyx 4 deltoid lobes, +reddish; petals rare, reddish; stamens 1-2: capsules 3-valved, +reddish.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn127-3" title="Rotala"><span class= +"taxon bold">R. decussata</span> <em>Hiern.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Marsh herb, 1-9 in. high. Leaves decussate, oblong, ½ +in. long. Flowers sessile, solitary; calyx 4-lobed; petals 4 or 0; +capsule 3-valved.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land; between Ngama & +Dokuttu).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn127-4" title="Rotala"><span class= +"taxon bold">R. stagnina</span> <em>Hiern.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect marsh herb 4 in. high. Leaves opposite, +ovate-oblong, 2 in. long. Flowers 4-merous, sessile; petals 0 or +caducous; stamens 2; capsules 3-valved.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn127-5" title="Rotala"><span class= +"taxon bold">R. tenella</span> <em>Schwfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Creeping marsh herb. Leaves sessile, amplexicaul. +Flowers minute, white; capsule globose, 4-valved.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Bongo-land: +Gir).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn128"><span class= +"sn">128</span><span class="taxon bold">Woodfordia +floribunda</span> <em>Salisb.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub with spreading branches. Leaves opposite, +sometimes in whorls of 3, sessile, ovate-lanceolate, cordate or +rounded at base. Flowers in axillary clusters; calyx tubular, +scarlet; petals minute.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Khor +Mashisha, near Dilling); Darfur Prov. (Jebel Marra, 5-6,500 +ft.).</p> + +<p class="p3"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_90">[90]</span>It +exudes a gum said to be like Gum Tragacanth. The flowers are used +as a dye. Both flowers and leaves contain tannin.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn129"><span class= +"sn">129</span><span class="taxon bold">Nesæa heptamera</span> +<em>Hiern.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small herb with red heptamerous, minute flowers. +Leaves opposite, linear-lanceolate, about 1 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (near Pongo River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn129-2" title="Nesaea"><span class= +"taxon bold">N. erecta</span> <em>Guill.</em> & <em>Perr.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small herb on river banks, up to 10 in. high. Leaves +opposite, linear ¾ in. long. Flowers magenta or purple: petals +4-6.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Bor); Uganda (Nile Province).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn129-3" title="Nesaea"><span class= +"taxon bold">N. cordata</span> <em>Hiern.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Riverside herb, up to 9 in. high. Leaves ovate to +lanceolate, cordate at base, ½ in. long. Flowers in heads of 5 +surrounded by 2 cordate bracts; petals pink.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur. Ghattas & Bongo-land: +Gir); Bahr El Jebel (Madi Swamps).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn130"><span class= +"sn">130</span><span class="taxon bold">Ammannia +senegalensis</span> <em>Lam.</em> TAMR EL FAR (Meshra El +Zeraf)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Erect, branched herb with 4-winged stem. Flowers +axillary, pink, 4-merous. Leaves linear-oblong to lanceolate, +auricled, amplexicaul, 2-in. long, opposite.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White +Nile Prov. (near Abba Island, J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El +Jebel (Madi); Darfur Prov. (Zalingei: Wadi Azum).</p> + +<p class="p3">The plant is used as a blistering agent.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn130-2" title="Ammannia"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. baccifera</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect herb with 4-angled stem. Leaves opposite, +linear-lanceolate, 2 in. long. Cymes 3-7. Flowers sub-sessile, +axillary; calyx 4-lobed; petals 4 or 0; stamens 4; capsule +globular, dehiscing transversely about the middle.</p> + +<p class="p2">Dongola Prov. (between Dongola & Korti); between +Khartoum & Shendi; Khartoum Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); +Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="p3">The leaves are used for blistering, but the effect is +said to be most painful.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn130-3" title="Ammannia"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. salicifolia</span> <em>Monti in Comment.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Marsh herb, 18 in. high, with 4-angled stem. Leaves +opposite, lanceolate. Flower small, in dense cymes, whorled, 4-9 in +each axil. Capsule 1-celled.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); between Khartoum & +Shendi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn130-4" title="Ammannia"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. urceolata</span> <em>Hiern.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect annual with 4-angled stem. Leaves opposite, +linear, ½ to 2 in. long. Flowers in dense axillary clusters, 6 in +each axil. Capsule 1-celled.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn131"><span class= +"sn">131</span><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_91">[91]</span><span class="taxon bold">Lawsonia alba</span> +<em>Lam.</em> HENNA—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous shrub; branches angular, sometimes +spinescent. Leaves opposite, nearly sessile, elliptic, ab. 1 in. +long. Flowers in long axillary or terminal panicles, small, +greenish yellow, smell like mignonette.</p> + +<p class="p2">Berber Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; +Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat River, Tawfikia). +Introduced.</p> + +<p class="p3">The leaves are used to dye the finger nails and the +palms of the hands an orange colour. The seeds yield an oil.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="punicace">PUNICACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn132"><span class= +"sn">132</span><span class="taxon bold">Punica granatum</span> +<em>Linn.</em> RUMMĀN—Arab. The Pomegranate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub or small tree with large scarlet flowers. Fruit +size of an orange; seeds surrounded by a pink, edible pulp.</p> + +<p class="p3">Introduced from Asia.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="onagrace">ONAGRACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn133"><span class= +"sn">133</span><span class="taxon bold">Jussieua diffusa</span> +<em>Forsk.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Procumbent aquatic herb, usually supplied with pale +pinkish spindle-shaped floats. Leaves alternate, linear-lanceolate +to lanceolate, narrow at base. Flowers yellow; calyx 5-lobed, +enlarged in fruit; pet. 5; stamens 10.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile, Bahr El Ghazal & Mongalla Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn133-2" title="Jussieua"><span class= +"taxon bold">J. pilosa</span> <em>H. B.</em> & <em>K.</em> ARKALA +(Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; LŪNG (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka.</p> + +<p class="p2">Differs little from <i>J. diffusa</i> Forsk. except +by its erect habit and more hirsute young parts.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov.; Upper +White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Bahr El Jebel +(Madi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn133-3" title="Jussieua"><span class= +"taxon bold">J. acuminata</span> <em>Sw.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stems glabrous. Leaves lanceolate subacute, 3-4 in. +long, ½-1 in. broad, glabrous or nearly so, pinnately several +nerved. Fruits wrinkled, 1 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Khartoum Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: +by the Linduku Stream); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn133-4" title="Jussieua"><span class= +"taxon bold">J. villosa</span> <em>Lam.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect herb, 4 ft. high; stem woody, somewhat winged, +hairy above. Leaves alternate, linear to lanceolate, ½ to 5 in. +long. Flowers 4-merous, solitary, yellow, sessile, small. Capsule +up to 2 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn133-5" title="Jussieua"><span class= +"taxon bold">J. villosa</span> <em>Lam.</em> <span class= +"taxon bold">var. linearis</span> <em>Jacq.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect, hirsute herb. Leaves narrow linear; fibres of +old capsules persistent.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nuba Mts. Prov. (Kadugli); Mongalla Prov. +(Gondokoro).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn133-6" title="Jussieua"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_92">[92]</span><span class="taxon bold">J. +linifolia</span> <em>Vahl.</em> SOFSAF (N. Kordn.) & TOTO—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Erect herb, 2 ft. or more; stem narrowly winged. +Leaves linear-lanceolate 1-3 in. long. Flowers small, yellow, +4-merous, sessile, axillary. Capsule cylindrical, 2/3 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Khartoum to Berber (banks of the Nile); Atbara; Blue +Nile Prov.; Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Wau).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn134"><span class= +"sn">134</span><span class="taxon bold">Ludwigia jussioides</span> +<em>Lam.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect herb, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves linear-oval to +lanceolate, 1½-4 in. long, alternate. Flowers axillary, yellow, up +to 1 in. in diam.; 4-5-merous. Capsules 1 in. long and 1/12 in. +diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn134-2" title="Ludwigia"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. parviflora</span> <em>Roxb.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect annual, 6-18 in.; stem often angular. Leaves +linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, tapering to base, ab. 1½ in. long. +Flowers tetramerous, yellow. Capsule under ½ in. long, cylindrical, +somewhat inflated, 4-veined.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (Abu Gerad); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Bongo-land: Addai).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn135"><span class= +"sn">135</span><span class="taxon bold">Trapa bispinosa</span> +<em>Roxb.</em> CHUWALAGEIR (Kenissa)—Dinka. Water Chestnut.</p> + +<p class="p2">Aquatic herb; stems ascending in water, giving off +numerous pectinate roots. Leaves alternate, floating petioles +dilated into floats; blades triangular, broadly dentate on upper +edges. Fruit ab. 1 in. long, shield-shaped, armed with 2 curved, +barbed spines.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Main River); Bahr El Jebel +(Sudd).</p> + +<p class="p3">Although it is not known in the Sudan as edible the +fruit is much used in India as an article of food and is eaten raw +or cooked.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn136"><span class= +"sn">136</span><span class="taxon bold">Epilobium hirsutum</span> +<em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect herb, hirsute, 2-5 ft. high. Leaves opposite, +linear-lanceolate, serrulate, amplexicaul, 1-5 in. long. Flowers +sessile, axillary, solitary; calyx tube narrow, elongate, 4-lobed; +petals 4, pink or purple; stamens 8; stigma 4-lobed. Capsule 2-3 +in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (J. Marra).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="halorrhagace">HALORRHAGACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn137"><span class= +"sn">137</span><span class="taxon bold">Laurembergia Engleri</span> +<em>Schindler.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Low herb in swamps with reddish glabrous stems and +alternate linear obtuse leaves scarcely ½ in. long. Flowers minute, +sessile, axillary. Fruits muricate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="thymelaeace">THYMELÆACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn138"><span class= +"sn">138</span><span class="taxon bold">Gnidia Mittuorum</span> +<em>Gilg.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Heather-like undershrub, 4-12 in. high; stems +4-angled. Leaves oblong or obl.-obovate, ½-1 in. long. Heads +terminal,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_93">[93]</span> 7-10 +flowered; involucral bracts 3-4, ovate, ¼ in. long. Flowers +brownish-yellow; pedicels minute, bearing a tuft of white hairs; +calyx under ½ in. long; lobes 4, minute; petals 4 inserted on calyx +tube, scale-like; stamens 8, sessile in calyx-tube, <em>in 2 +rows</em>.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit: Deim Adlan, Mittu: +Deragoh).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn138-2" title="Gnidia"><span class= +"taxon bold">G. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Gilg.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves scattered, +lanceolate or oblong, ½-1 in. long. Flowers yellowish-brown in +terminal heads of 15-25 fl., or in axillary 1-3 headed racemes; +invol. bracts 4-5, ovate; calyx smaller than above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Sabbi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn138-3" title="Gnidia"><span class= +"taxon bold">G. apiculata</span> <em>Gilg.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Undershrub, 1½-3 ft. high. Leaves alternate, crowded, +linear or narrowly elliptic, ½-2/3 in. long. Heads numerous, +terminal, peduncled and lateral ones sessile, 10-15 flowered; +invol. bracts 7-14 in 2 rows; calyx tube pubescent.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Gumango hills); +Bahr El Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn139"><span class= +"sn">139</span><span class="taxon bold">Lasiosiphon Kraussii</span> +<em>Meisn.</em> BURURU—Golo.</p> + +<p class="p2">Woody herb, 4-24 in. high. Leaves opposite, elliptic, +lanceolate or narrow-ovate, ½-2 in. long. Heads solitary, terminal, +many flowered; peduncles 1-4 in., velvety; invol. bracts 6-10, +hairy; calyx yellow, hairy below, pubescent above, ½ in. long, +5-lobed; petals minute, scale-like; stamens 10, <em>in 2 +rows</em>.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nuba Mts. Prov. (Heiban); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra +6,000-9,500 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: between Kutshook Ali’s +Zariba & the River Wau, between Pongo River & Jur, Dar Fertit, Golo +Desert).</p> + +<p class="p3">The crushed roots are used for poisoning fish. It is +also a virulent poison to man and animals.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn140"><span class= +"sn">140</span><span class="taxon bold">Arthrosolen +chrysantha</span> <em>Solms-Laub.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Virgate, bushy, or heather-like undershrub, up to 2 +ft. high. Leaves scattered, linear, ¾ in. long. Heads terminal, +solitary, many-flowered; invol. bracts ovate to linear; pedicel +with ring of hairs; calyx tube ½ in. long; lobes 4; petals 0; +stamens 8 <em>in 2 rows</em>.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar +Fertit).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn141"><span class= +"sn">141</span><span class="taxon bold">Dicranolepis +Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Gilg.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub or small tree. Leaves alternate, oblong or +obl.-lanceolate, caudate-acuminate, 2-3 in. long, with yellow-brown +hairs beneath. Flowers solitary, sessile, 1 in. long; calyx tube +slender, lobes 5, ⅙ in. long; pet. 5, scale-like, forked; stamens +10, <em>in 2 whorls</em>. Drupe oval, ½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: River Diagbe at +Wando).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn141-2" title="Dicranolepis"><span class= +"taxon bold">D. cerasifera</span> <em>Gilg.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub. Leaves variable, ovate to lanceolate, acute +or<span class="pagenum" id="Page_94">[94]</span> acuminate, 1-2½ +in. long, hairy beneath. Flowers 1-2 together, not seen. Drupe +smaller than a cherry, reddish.</p> + +<p class="p2">Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by Diamwonu River).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="nyctaginace">NYCTAGINACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn142"><span class= +"sn">142</span><span class="taxon bold">Boerhaavia elegans</span> +<em>Choisy.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall branched herb. Leaves opposite, petioled, +broadly ovate, 1½ in. long, whitish beneath. Flowers in lax, +terminal, slender panicles, usually solitary, rarely 2-3-nate on +the rachis; perianth tube cylindric, lower part persistent +5-angled, viscid ⅙ in. long, enclosing the fruit, upper part +petaloid, shortly 5-lobed; stamens 2, exserted, connate at +base.</p> + +<p class="p2">Coast of Nubia.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn142-2" title="Boerhaavia"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. adscendens</span> <em>Willd.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous herb 2-3 ft. high. Leaves opposite, +ovate-oblong or rotundate, up to 2 in. long, pet. 1 in. Panicles +terminal, 9 in. long. Flowers umbelled, 4-9 at ends of panicle; +perianth minute; fr. under ⅛ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Sobat.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn142-3" title="Boerhaavia"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. repens</span> <em>Linn.</em> RIGLA (Meshra El +Zeraf)—Arab; TEB (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka.</p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous creeping or scrambling herb. Leaves in +unequal pairs at the nodes, ovate or lanceolate, ab. 1 in. long. +Peduncles axillary bearing 4-10 flowered umbels; per. minute, +5-ribbed, glandular between the ribs; lobes pinkish; fr. minute; +stamens 1-3.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (between Suakin & Berber: Wadi Abu +Salem, Suakin, Erkowit, El Galabeheb & Khor Ashat); Kassala Prov. +(Gallabat); Kordofan Prov. (Abu Gerad & Bara); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s +Post); Darfur Prov. (Kulme); Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El +Zeraf).</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">var. diffusa</span> +<em>Hook. f.</em> TERBA (N. Kordn.), LADUA (White Nile) & MUDDEYD +(Egypt)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p4">More pubescent. Leaves ovate or ovate-rotundate; +fr.-perianth less glandular.</p> + +<p class="p4">Wadi Halfa; Khartoum Prov. (J. Royan); Blue Nile +Prov.; Fung. Prov. (Fazoghli); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); +Kordofan Prov. (El Obeid, Abu Haraza, Bara); Darfur Prov.; Kassala +Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma).</p> + +<p class="p5">The plant is eaten by the Sontals in India as a +pot-herb. The root is used in infusion, or given in powder, and has +laxative, diuretic and cooling properties. It has been prescribed +for asthma with success. Taken in large doses it acts as an emetic. +The plant is much used, in external applications, for dropsical +swellings.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">var. viscosa</span> +<em>Choisy.</em></p> + +<p class="p4">More robust than type; stems and leaves densely +glandular, hairy. Leaves ovate or subrotundate, sinuate, up to 1¼ +in. long.</p> + +<p class="p4"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_95">[95]</span>Red Sea +Prov. (Erkowit, Soturba & 21° L.N.); Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn142-4" title="Boerhaavia"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. verticillata</span> <em>Poir.</em> SHINEMAQ (Blue +Nile)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tall, much-branched, glabrous herb. Leaves broadly +ovate, 2 in. long. Panicles of 3-5 flowered whorls and terminal +umbels; per. minute, stalked glands at base; stamens 2.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Soturba; Sea-coast about 21° L.N., +Wadi Surrawib; Wadi El Omari; Sinkat); Fung Prov. (Singa); White +Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (Bir Sodari).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn142-5" title="Boerhaavia"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. plumbaginea</span> <em>Cav.</em> ABU +LEBBEN—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Scrambling or procumbent herb. Leaves broadly ovate, +petioled. Flowers arranged as above; per. white or lilac up to ⅓ +in. long in upper part, funnel-shaped, lower ⅓ in. long in fr. with +10 large glandular disks near apex.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Soturba, Khor Tamanib & Erkowit); +Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov. (Roseires); White Nile Prov. (12° 10 +N.L.).</p> + +<p class="p3">A decoction of the root is used for jaundice.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn142-6" title="Boerhaavia"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. pentandra</span> <em>Burch.</em> ERG EL TUEIRĀT (N. +Kordn.)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Procumbent herb. Leaves large, cordate-ovate, +serrate. Whorls in large lateral and terminal panicles; bracts +lanceolate, ½ in. long; pedicels ½ in. long; per. upper part +funnel-shaped, ⅛ in. long, base ⅓ in. with many glandular disks at +top; stamens 3.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (between Kassala & Goz Regeb); Blue +Nile Prov. Ganeib Assad); Kordofan Prov. (Bara).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="proteace">PROTEACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn143"><span class= +"sn">143</span><span class="taxon bold">Protea abyssinica</span> +<em>Willd.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub or small tree. Leaves alternate, lanceolate or +lanc. oblong, 6 in. long, coriaceous. Flowers in terminal turbinate +heads surrounded by densely imbricate silvery and silky bracts, +outermost minute, increasing inwards, innermost oblong, 1½ in. +long; per. ¾ in. long, tubular, compressed, 2-tipped, fulvous hairy +in upper half; stamens 4; anthers subsessile, ¼ in. long; nut +hairy.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); W. Abyssinia +(Baro, Sobat District & Blue Nile).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn143-2" title="Protea"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. madiensis</span> <em>Oliv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub or small tree; bark red-brown. Leaves +lanc.-elliptic, 6-8 in. long, coriaceous, hairy both sides. Heads +somewhat sunflower-like, up to 4 in. across; bracts glabrescent, +outer ¼ in. long ovate, inner up to 3 in. long, pinkish; per. 2 in. +long, yellow.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo; Sabbi, Niamniam: +Tuhami’s Zariba, Biri River near Deim Zubeir: Swei River & Gumango +River).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="dilleniace"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_96">[96]</span>DILLENIACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn144"><span class= +"sn">144</span><span class="taxon bold">Tetracera alnifolia</span> +<em>Willd.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Climbing shrub. Leaves broad-elliptical or +obovate-elliptical, entire or obscurely denticulate. Flowers +paniculate, white ⅓ to 2/3 in. in diam.; sepals glabrous +within.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: near Kuddu by the +Roali River).</p> + +<p class="p3">The stems when cut transversely yield a supply of +potable fluid.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn144-2" title="Tetracera"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. strigillosa</span> <em>Gilg.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Undershrub, about 2 ft. high from a woody rhizome. +Leaves oblanceolate, dentate. Flowers white, very few together; +sepals glabrous inside; petals emarginate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (near River Biri, and also +Niamniam-land: by the Ibba River, Nganye).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="pittosporace">PITTOSPORACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn145"><span class= +"sn">145</span><span class="taxon bold">Pittosporum +abyssinicum</span> <em>Del.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub or tree. Leaves coriaceous oblanceolate, at +first rusty tomentose. Flowers ¼ to ⅓ in. long in umbellate +clusters in dense terminal corymbose panicles. Sepals rusty +tomentose. Ovary pilose. Capsule globose under ½ in. diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="bixace">BIXACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn146"><span class= +"sn">146</span><span class="taxon bold">Bixa Orellana</span> +<em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub. Leaves oblong lanceolate to ovate oblong. +Flowers in terminal racemes, pink, large. Fruit covered by a mass +of red-brown soft prickles, oblong.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Kagulu); Congo. Introduced and +cultivated.</p> + +<p class="p3">The source of Annatto.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="cochlospermace">COCHLOSPERMACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn147"><span class= +"sn">147</span><span class="taxon bold">Cochlospermum +niloticum</span> <em>Oliv.</em> AKIT—Jur.</p> + +<p class="p2">Usually a woody dwarf-plant, but occasionally up to 3 +ft. high. In the dwarf plants the large, solitary yellow flowers +are seen just above the ground. Leaves palmate; seeds covered with +cottony hair.</p> + +<p class="p2">Southern Kordofan Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Deim Zubeir, between Wau & Chakchak & Jur Ghattas); +Bahr El Jebel (Bari & Madi countries); Nuba Mts. Prov. (near +Talodi).</p> + +<p class="p3">The swollen subterranean portion is used medicinally +in Nuba Mountains Province, <em>i.e.</em>, chewed as a tonic, +etc.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="flacourtiace"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_97">[97]</span>FLACOURTIACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn148"><span class= +"sn">148</span><span class="taxon bold">Oncoba spinosa</span> +<em>Forsk.</em> ALDUKOI (Bahr El Ghazal)—Dinka; AKALAKWALA—Jur.</p> + +<p class="p2">Spiny shrub with showy white flowers; spines up to 2 +in. long. Leaves subcoriaceous, elliptical, short, acuminate, +crenate-serrate or serrulate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">The fruit is the size of a Tangerine Orange, and is +used by the Dinkas to make a kind of rattle.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn149"><span class= +"sn">149</span><span class="taxon bold">Caloncoba +Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Gilg.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tree up to 30 ft. Leaves ovate-elliptic, rounded at +the base, about 5 in. long. Flowers large and showy; petals 1¾ in. +long. Fruit 1½ in. diam., apiculate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: at Teh & +Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn150"><span class= +"sn">150</span><span class="taxon bold">Lindukeria dentata</span> +<em>Oliv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub or small tree, up to 30 ft. high, glabrous. +Leaves membranous, oblong-elliptic to elliptic, dentate-serrate, +3-10 in. long. Flowers up to ¾ in. diam., in loose axillary +racemes, 1-3 in. long. Sepals 3; petals 6-10. Fruit globose, with +spreading spines, about ½ in. in diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Wando).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn150-2" title="Lindukeria"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Gilg.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub. Leaves oblanceolate, acuminate, serrate, 6-7 +cm. long. Flowers few and very small in axillary cymes. Fruits +small and echinate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Linduku +River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn151"><span class= +"sn">151</span><span class="taxon bold">Flacourtia sp.</span> +</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, crenate, +sub-mucronate to obtuse.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="samydace">SAMYDACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn152"><span class= +"sn">152</span><span class="taxon bold">Casearia Engleri</span> +<em>Gilg.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">A tree. Leaves oblong-elliptic, rounded at base, +shortly acuminate, about 6 in. long and 2½ in. wide, glabrous. +Flowers small in axillary fascicles. Fruits like coffee berries, +yellowish white, about ½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land, Sine loc. +Schwfth. III. 241).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn153"><span class= +"sn">153</span><span class="taxon bold">Homalium Abdessamadi</span> +<em>Asch.</em> & <em>Schwfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tree, 40 ft. high. Leaves 3 in. long by 2 in. broad, +crenate-dentate, broadly elliptic, alder-like. Flowers paniculate, +branches of panicle catkin-like. Fruits pilose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (by the Ibba River, near +Nganye).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="frankeniace"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_98">[98]</span>FRANKENIACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn154"><span class= +"sn">154</span><span class="taxon bold">Frankenia +pulverulenta</span> <em>Linn.</em> EIRARIB—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Small diffuse herb. Leaves opposite, often fascicled, +obovate, oval or rotundate. Flowers rose to purple, sessile, +solitary in the forks or fascicled in leafy heads or cymes. Calyx +tubular 4-6 toothed; petals 4-6; stamens 6; ovary 1-celled.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Khor Gwob, Erkowit).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="tamaricace">TAMARICACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn155"><span class= +"sn">155</span><span class="taxon bold">Tamarix mannifera</span> +<em>Ehrb.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Coastal tree or shrub. Leaves scale-like, encircling +the stem, subacute. Flowers in dense spikes. Seeds long-pilose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn155-2" title="Tamarix"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. nilotica</span> <em>Ehrb.</em> TARFA—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Riverside shrub with scale-like leaves and slender +erect branches. Flowers white or pinkish-white, crowded in spicate +panicles at the ends of branches.</p> + +<p class="p2">Northern Sudan, Red Sea Prov.; Kassala Prov., +etc.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn155-3" title="Tamarix"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. articulata</span> <em>Vahl.</em> FAREQ (Nubia), ABL +(Egypt), TARFA (Sudan)—Arab; ERU—Hameg.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tree with feathery foliage; branchlets articulate. +Leaves minute, sheathing. Flowers loosely scattered on long slender +spikes.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Baraka, Dongonab); Kassala Prov. +(Gash); Fung Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">Wood white, moderately hard, when burnt green gives +an offensive smell. Galls, called BIGM by Arabs, are used for +dyeing and tanning.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="passiflorace">PASSIFLORACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn156"><span class= +"sn">156</span><span class="taxon bold">Adenia venenata</span> +<em>Forsk.</em> KUDUR—Arab; LORING—Bari; KUDUL—Jur.</p> + +<p class="p2">Soft woody climber; the lower part of the stem is +often inflated and tuberous in appearance, up to over 1 ft. in +diameter. Leaves alternate, palmately 5-lobed. Flowers cream +coloured; unisexual; calyx tubular, 5-lobed; petals 5.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Sinkat); Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Meshra El Rek), also Jur-land & Niamniam-land); +Mongalla Prov. (Sheikh Tombé).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn156-2" title="Adenia"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. sp. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Engl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Climber; leaves ovate, 4 in. long, rounded and with 2 +very large glands at the base. Flowers in short lateral cymes. +Calyx tubular, ⅓ in. long; lobes lanceolate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land; by the Boddoh +River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn156-3" title="Adenia"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_99">[99]</span><span class="taxon bold">A. +sp.</span> +</p> + +<p class="p2">Climber; leaves linear-lanceolate to +oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, up to 6 in. long and 1¼ in. broad, +minutely dotted below. Flowers ⅓ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land, Schwfth. III 109 & +III 111).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn156-4" title="Adenia"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. sp.</span> +</p> + +<p class="p2">Soft, slender stemmed climber. Leaves digitately +5-lobed, nearly 2 in. long, very thin, lobes lanceolate, subacute, +minutely pubescent below. Flowers not seen. Fruits stipitate, +narrowly ellipsoid, about 1.5 cm. long, with the persistent hairy +calyx at the base.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="cucurbitace">CUCURBITACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn157"><span class= +"sn">157</span><span class="taxon bold">Peponia Cienkowskii</span> +<em>Hook. f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Prostrate or climbing herb; tendrils simple or +divided. Leaves ovate, cordate, 5-7 lobed, 3 in. broad. Flowers +monœcious; calyx tube ⅓ in. long; petals large, white or yellowish; +filaments 3, free, anthers cohering, one 1-celled and two 2-celled, +conduplicate; stigma 3-partite. Fruit ovoid or cylindric, +fleshy.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn158"><span class= +"sn">158</span><span class="taxon bold">Trochomeria +djurensis</span> <em>Schwfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">A slender climbing herb. Leaves more or less +pentagonal and 5-lobulate, acute, widely cordate, scabrid; tendrils +short. Male flowers with tubular calyx 1 cm. long, and minute +lobes. Corolla-lobes linear-lanceolate, 2-3 cm. long; female +flowers very small.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn159"><span class= +"sn">159</span><span class="taxon bold">Adenopus breviflorus</span> +<em>Benth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herbaceous climber; tendrils simple. Leaves palmately +5-lobed, apiculate. Flowers yellow, 1½ to 2 in. across; male +flower: stamens 3, monadelphous. Fruit ovoid, mottled green when +young, scarlet when ripe, size of a large egg.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Melut); Bahr +El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Yabo River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn160"><span class= +"sn">160</span><span class="taxon bold">Lagenaria vulgaris</span> +<em>Seringe.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Musk-scented climbing herbs; tendrils forked. Leaves +orbicular-cordate, more or less 3-7 lobed, toothed, 1-6 in. broad. +Male flower solitary 2-5 in. diameter, white; filaments 3, free; +anthers flexuous, cohering. Female flower smaller. Fruit woody.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat.); Between Berber & +Khartoum.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn161"><span class= +"sn">161</span><span class="taxon bold">Luffa cylindrica</span> +<em>Linn.</em> LUFA—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Semi-woody climber; tendrils forked. Leaves palmately +5-7 lobed, denticulate. Flowers yellow, about 2 in. across. Anthers +in male flower much twisted and divided; filaments dilated at the +base. Fruit mottled green when young, brown when ripe, with a +dehiscing cap.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_100">[100]</span>Khartoum Prov. (Cultivated); White Nile +Prov. (12° N. Lat.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Bahr El +Jebel (wild).</p> + +<p class="p3">Fruit called LIF in Arabic, when wild about 6 in. +long; when cultivated up to 18 in. long. The fibrous, spongy +substance which fills the fruit is used as a substitute for a +sponge or brush, also for inside soles of shoes and the manufacture +of sun helmets. The pulp is edible; an oil is obtained from the +seeds, which are also emetic and cathartic.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn161-2" title="Luffa"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. echinata</span> <em>Roxb.</em> WASSI, ARSH & +UMSHWEIKA (White Nile)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Herbaceous climber; tendrils forked. Leaves +orbicular-reniform, 2-4 in. broad, scabrid, shallow-toothed. +Flowers yellow, 1 in. diameter. Male flower anthers 3 flexuous; +female flower 1-3 together. Fruit 1 in. long echinate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Berber Prov. (Zeidab); Blue Nile Prov. (Abu Haraz); +Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Upper White Nile Prov. +(Bahr El Zeraf), Red Sea Prov. (Khor Gateb).</p> + +<p class="p3">The fruit is said to have purgative properties and to +be a remedy for dropsy. A mixture of the spongy tissue of the fruit +and of milk (known by the Sudanese as “Wassi purgative”) is taken +by barren women to stimulate pregnancy.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn162"><span class= +"sn">162</span><span class="taxon bold">Eureiandra +Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Cogn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herbaceous climber; tendrils simple. Leaves deeply +trilobed, about 3 in. broad, scabrid. Stamens 5, much twisted. +Fruit narrowly, 2 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn163"><span class= +"sn">163</span><span class="taxon bold">Momordica pterocarpa</span> +<em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Climbing herb. Leaves digitate, 5-fol.; leaflets +ovate-lanceolate, obliquely cordate, 2-4 in. long. Male flowers +crowded at end of a peduncle with a hooded green bract ¾ in. long; +corolla yellow, 1 in. diameter; anthers 3, cells nearly straight. +Female flower solitary, ebracteate. Fruit 2-3 in. long, ovoid, +pointed, with 8-10 short wings, red when ripe.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn163-2" title="Momordica"><span class= +"taxon bold">M. Balsamina</span> <em>Pinn.</em> (EL) SHA’ALUK & +(EL) YEIR (Blue Nile), (EL) ERRA (N. Kordn.) & BEYLÄSĀN (Egypt), +TAMR EL ABID—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Herbaceous climber; tendrils simple. Leaves palmate, +3-5 lobed. Flowers monœcious; male flower solitary on bracteate +peduncle, yellow or white, centre black, anthers flexuous. Fruit +fleshy, beaked, red when ripe, 1-3 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Sinkat & Karora); Blue Nile, Fung, +Darfur & Kordofan Provinces.</p> + +<p class="p3">The fruit is eaten, especially by the Fellata. In +Syria it is used for curing wounds. The leaves are cooked and +eaten; they are said also to be good camel fodder.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn163-3" title="Momordica"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_101">[101]</span><span class="taxon bold">M. +Charantia</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herbaceous climber; tendrils simple. Leaves palmately +7-9-fid, cordate. Flowers yellow, monœcious, on long, slender +peduncles, with a reniform bract near the base. Fruit about 1½ in. +long, ovoid-fusiform, with longitudinal tubercled lines, with a +decurved beak, orange when ripe; seeds enclosed in scarlet +pulp.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn163-4" title="Momordica"><span class= +"taxon bold">M. Schimperiana</span> <em>Naudin.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herbaceous climber. Leaves ovate, cordate, dentate. +Fruit size of an egg, covered with soft bristles, scarlet when +ripe.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s +Post).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn163-5" title="Momordica"><span class= +"taxon bold">M. Morkorra</span> <em>A. Rich.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous or pubescent climber. Leaves ovate, cordate, +3-5 in. long; tendrils simple. Flowers monœcious; corolla rotate, +yellow, 2 in. broad. Fruit ovoid, red when ripe, densely hairy, 1-2 +in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Roseires & +Fazoghli); White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas and +Niamniam-land, by the Nabambisso River); Mongalla Prov. +(Gondokoro).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn163-6" title="Momordica"><span class= +"taxon bold">M. multiflora</span> <em>Hook. f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Slender climber. Leaves ovate, cordate, faintly +sinuate-toothed, 2-6 in. long; tendrils simple or forked. Male +flowers many on solitary or paired peduncles, hairy; corolla ¾ in. +diameter; yellow; anthers 3, cells curved. Fr. ovoid, red, crowned +with dried flower.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Bor).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn163-7" title="Momordica"><span class= +"taxon bold">M. Cymbalaria</span> <em>Fenzl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Climber with woody, tuberous root. Leaves +orbicular-reniform, 1-2 in. broad, fleshy, 5-7 lobed; tendrils +simple. Male flower racemose, hairy; corolla 5-lobed, ½ in. +diameter, yellow; filaments 2, one 2- and one 3-cleft; cells +twisted. Fr. spindle-shaped, 8-ribbed, greenish.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); +Mongalla Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">The tubers are used to procure abortion.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn164"><span class= +"sn">164</span><span class="taxon bold">Cucumis Melo</span> +<em>Linn.</em> AGUR or AJUR (N. Kordn., Wild form), FAGUS (Sweet +Senat), AJUR (Bitter Senat), also SENAT, SENAT-TIBISH, & SENAT AJUR +(Kordn.), AJUR EL KELB (Meshra El Zeraf) & SHAMMAM—Arab The Sweet +Melon.</p> + +<p class="p2">Prostrate or climbing, prickly herb. Leaves cordate, +reniform or ovate, 3-5 lobed, irregularly toothed, scabrid, ½ to 1 +in. long. Male flower fascicled 1 to many, small, yellow; anthers +3, cells twisted, connective produced, oblong, serrate. Fruit +ovoid-globose, greenish-yellow.</p> + +<p class="p2">Between Suakin & Berber (Wadi Abu Selem); Berber +Prov. (Zeidab); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Khartoum, Fung, Kordofan +& Darfur Provinces. Cultivated and also wild.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn164-2" title="Cucumis"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_102">[102]</span><span class="taxon bold">C. +Figarei</span> <em>Del.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Trailing and climbing herb; tendrils simple. Leaves +scabrid, 5-7 deeply lobed, toothed, 1-2 in. diameter. Flowers +hairy, yellow, small. Fruit broad ovoid, covered with blunt +tubercles.</p> + +<p class="p2">Between Suakin & Berber (Wadi Omareg); Fung Prov. +(Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (J. Nyemati, Jebelein); Kordofan +Prov. (Obeid & Mulbes); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Sabbi, +Shambe); Darfur Prov. (Kulme).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn164-3" title="Cucumis"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. Prophetarum</span> <em>Linn.</em> HABASHKOL (N. +Kordn.)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Annual climber with stiff, rough hairs. Leaves 3-5 +lobed, 1¼ in. broad. Male flower yellow, hairy; anthers 3, +appendaged. Fruit broad ovoid; green, with pale longitudinal bands, +covered with soft spines, 1½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov.; Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan & +Mongalla Provinces.</p> + +<p class="p3">The fruit is bitter and is used as an emetic.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn164-4" title="Cucumis"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. dipsaceus</span> <em>Ehrenb.</em> AJUR EL GHAZAL +(Meshra El Zeraf) & AJUR—Arab; APET (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka; +ABDALOUR—Jur; ABERTGH (Meshra El Zeraf)—Shilluk.</p> + +<p class="p2">Slender herbaceous climber; tendrils simple. Leaves +rounded or oblong-reniform, entire or shallowly 3-5 lobed; scabrid, +2-4 in. broad; petioles bristly. Male flower hairy; anthers +appendaged. Fr. broadly ovoid, ½ in. long, densely bristly.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Dongola Prov. (Old Dongola +to Merowe); Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov. (Dinder mouth); White +Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (Meginas); Darfur Prov.; +Bahr El Ghazal Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn164-5" title="Cucumis"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. sativus</span> <em>Linn.</em> KHIAR—Arab. The +Cucumber.</p> + +<p class="p2">Climbing herb, stem hispid. Leaves 3-5 lobed. Fruit +fusiform-oblong, green, tubercled.</p> + +<p class="p2">Cultivated everywhere.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn164-6" title="Cucumis"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. metuliferus</span> <em>E. Mey.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herbaceous climber. Leaves palmately 3-5 lobed, +toothed, stiffly pubescent, 2-4 in. diameter each way. Male flower: +anthers 3-appendaged. Fruit long, ovoid, 3-5 in. long, with +scattered stout conical prickles, orange when ripe.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile & Mongalla Provinces. Cultivated.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn164-7" title="Cucumis"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. Pepo</span> <em>DC.</em> ARAA or GARAA +KOSSA—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Prostrate herb. Leaves deeply 5-lobed. Petioles and +leaf-nerves prickly. Fruit oblong, large.</p> + +<p class="p2">Cultivated. Vegetable Marrow.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn165"><span class= +"sn">165</span><span class="taxon bold">Bryonopsis laciniosa</span> +<em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Slender climber; tendrils forked. Leaves 5-7 in. +broad, 5-7 lobed, cordate, scabrid, serrate. Male and female +flowers in the same leaf axil; corolla campanulate, small, +yellow;<span class="pagenum" id="Page_103">[103]</span> stamens 3, +anthers cohering, flexuous. Fruit globose, 1 in. diameter, green, +striped with yellow.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn166"><span class= +"sn">166</span><span class="taxon bold">Mukia scabrella</span> +<em>Arn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Hispid herbaceous climber; tendrils simple. Leaves +cordate, almost triangular. Flowers monœcious, small, yellow, male +and female together in axillary clusters. Fruit almost globose, +with a few scattered hairs, ½ in. diameter, scarlet.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Between Suakin & Berber +(Gireshab); Upper White Nile Prov. (opposite Tonga Mission); Bahr +El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="p3">Used medicinally on the West Coast as an aperient and +sudorific, and also for flatulency.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn167"><span class= +"sn">167</span><span class="taxon bold">Zehneria cordifolia</span> +<em>Schwfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Slender climber. Leaves cordate or +triangular-cordate, 1½-2 in. diameter. Male and female flowers in +the same axil. Flowers white. Fruit a berry, ¼ in. diameter, +globose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Jebel (Sudd); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land: Mbomu, near the Lesi R.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn168"><span class= +"sn">168</span><span class="taxon bold">Melothria deltoidea</span> +<em>Benth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Slender trailing or climbing plant. Leaves +triangular-hastate. Flowers white, monœcious; anthers distinct; +fruit almost fusiform. Tendrils simple.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé); Mongalla Prov. +(Kenissa).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn168-2" title="Melothria"><span class= +"taxon bold">M. tridactyla</span> <em>Hook. f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Very slender thread-like branches. Leaves deltoid, +very thin, 2 in. long and broad, scabrid-warted on both sides; +tendrils thread-like. Flowers very small, on slender racemes.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Boddo +River, 3729 Schwfth).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn169"><span class= +"sn">169</span><span class="taxon bold">Kedrostis +foetidissima</span> <em>Cogn.</em> SHA’ALUK—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Herbaceous climber; tendrils simple. Leaves broadly +ovate, cordate, 1-3 in. Flowers small, male in slender racemes, +female solitary, monœcious. Fruit fœtid, rugose, beaked, orange +coloured when ripe.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Kodok); Bahr +El Ghazal Prov. (Dinka-land, Djuiho).</p> + +<p class="p3">The root is used for curing piles and asthma. The +berry is used as cure for sore throat, also when pounded up is +given to sick cattle. The stem is dried and pounded and used for +mixing with snuff.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn169-2" title="Kedrostis"><span class= +"taxon bold">K. sp.</span> +</p> + +<p class="p2">Small climber with yellow flowers.</p> + +<p class="p2">Upper White Nile Prov. (Kodok).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn170"><span class= +"sn">170</span><span class="taxon bold">Corallocarpus +Fenzlii</span> <em>Hook. f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Prostrate herb. Leaves orbicular, 3-5 lobed, 3-4 in. +diameter. Fruit ovoid, long beaked, fleshy, scarlet.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn170-2" title="Corallocarpus"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_104">[104]</span><span class="taxon bold">C. +erostris</span> <em>Hook. f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Prostrate herb. Leaves orbicular, obtusely 5-angled. +Fruit hardly or not at all beaked, scarlet.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubian Coast; Red Sea Prov. (Wadi Soturba).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn170-3" title="Corallocarpus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. Gijef</span> <em>Hook. f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Prostrate; stem woody. Leaves scabrid, reniform, +ovate, ¾ in. diameter, 3-lobed, distantly toothed, +scabrid-glandular; tendrils stout, corky, white. Flowers small, +greenish-yellow. Fruit very short beaked, scarlet.</p> + +<p class="p2">Sudan North (Between Berber & Red Sea, in Wadis); +Kassala Prov. (J. Kirureb); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); +Kordofan Prov. (Kaija Nuba).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn170-4" title="Corallocarpus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. Ehrenbergii</span> <em>Hook. f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Prostrate. Leaves deeply 3-5 lobed. Fruit beak +slender, ½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Suakin).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn170-5" title="Corallocarpus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. etbaicus</span> <em>Hook. f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Prostrate; stem angular. Leaves 3-5 lobed, 1-2 in. +diameter, ashy grey. Fruit short-beaked, ½-⅔ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Soturba).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn171"><span class= +"sn">171</span><span class="taxon bold">Ctenolepis +fimbristipula</span> <em>K.</em> & <em>P.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herbaceous climber; tendrils simple. Leaves deeply +5-lobed. Fruit size of a cherry, when ripe red, with white +markings. Stipular bracts, broad, fringed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Kordofan Prov. (Obeid & Mulbes); Fung +Prov. (Jongol’s Post).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn172"><span class= +"sn">172</span><span class="taxon bold">Citrullus vulgaris</span> +<em>Schrad.</em> BATTIKH—Arab. The Watermelon.</p> + +<p class="p2">Climbing or trailing herb; tendrils 2-3-fid. Leaves +glabrous or slightly hairy, palmately 3 or 7-lobed; lobes +pinnatifid. Fruit globular, up to size of a man’s head, green.</p> + +<p class="p2">Cultivated everywhere on river banks and +sandbanks.</p> + +<p class="p3">The natives of the Bahr El Ghazal Prov. grow amongst +their rain crops an inedible variety called KOREISH BATTIKH (Arab) +or DITIRA (Zande), and extract an edible oil from the seeds.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn172-2" title="Citrullus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. Colocynthis</span> <em>Schrad.</em> HANDAL—Arab; +DUAB—Nuer.</p> + +<p class="p2">Climbing, or more usually, prostrate herb. Leaves +much as above, but scabrid on both surfaces. Fruit globose, the +size of a cricket ball, intensely bitter.</p> + +<p class="p2">North Sudan.</p> + +<p class="p3">The Colocynth Fruit, or Bitter Apple of Commerce. The +pulp is extracted and exported, it possesses powerful cathartic +properties and is widely used in medicine. In the Sudan a tar is +obtained from the fruit with which water bags are dressed in order +to prevent camels from tearing them open. The powdered pulp, either +alone or mixed with Black Pepper, is used as a preventative against +the Clothes Moth.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn173"><span class= +"sn">173</span><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_105">[105]</span><span class="taxon bold">Cephalandra +indica</span> <em>Naud.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Climbing perennial; tendrils simple; stem angular and +grooved. Leaves usually broad cordate-ovate, more or less deeply +5-lobed, glabrous. Flowers diœcious, solitary, axillary; stamens 3, +anthers connate. Fruit ovoid-oblong, slightly beaked, scarlet.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; +Darfur Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Sheikh Tombé & Mongalla).</p> + +<p class="p3">The scarlet, oblong fruit, is eaten both raw or +cooked. The juice of the tap-root is used for diabetes.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn173-2" title="Cephalandra"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. Moghadd</span> <em>Aschers.</em> MUGHAD—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Climbing. Leaves pentagonal or sub-5-lobed to nearly +the middle, dentate, with glandular teeth, very acute, up to 4½ in. +long, closely scabrid-warted all over; tendrils slender, undivided. +Flowers fairly large, with spreading gamopetalous corolla. Fruits +oblong, fibrous, 2½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn173-3" title="Cephalandra"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. quinqueloba</span> <em>Schrad.</em> MUGHAD (N. +Kordn.)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Prostrate or climbing herb; tendrils simple. Leaves +deeply 5-lobed, 3-5 in. broad, with glands at base of nerves. +Flowers diœcious. Male flower solitary or subcymose; stamens 3; +anthers connate, twisted. Female flower solitary, white or yellow. +Fruit oblong-ovoid.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov.; +Kordofan Prov. (Bara); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Nuer & Dinka Country); +Sudd Country (Hillet El Nuer).</p> + +<p class="p3">Fruit edible.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn173-4" title="Cephalandra"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. diversifolia</span> <em>Naud.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Prostrate or climbing herb. Leaves 1-6 in. broad, +upper ovate-cordate, acuminate, toothed; lower palmately, deeply +3-5 lobed, hispid. Male flower, corolla broadly campanulate; +stamens 3, filaments partly free. Fruit ovoid, marbled red, white +and yellow.</p> + +<p class="p2">Between Suakin & Berber (J. Okurr); Fung Prov. +(Jongol’s Post).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn174"><span class= +"sn">174</span><span class="taxon bold">Cucurbita maxima</span> +<em>Duchesne.</em> ARAA- or GARAA-STAMBULI or -AASSALI +(Egypt)—Arab. Pumpkin.</p> + +<p class="p2">Creeping herb. Leaves large, 5-lobed. Fruit +large.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="caricace">CARICACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn175"><span class= +"sn">175</span><span class="taxon bold">Carica Papaya</span> +<em>Linn.</em> PIPI—Zande. Paw-Paw.</p> + +<p class="p2">Small, soft-wooded tree, showing leaf-scars on the +stem. Leaves large palmatifid. Fruit of female tree almost sessile +on stem close to base of the leaves, the size of a small melon, the +orange-yellow pulp of which is eaten.</p> + +<p class="p2">Introduced. Cultivated in gardens.</p> + +<p class="p3">Fruit edible, possesses a digestive principle called +Papain, similar to Pepsin, which is marketed as a drug.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="cactace"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_106">[106]</span>CACTACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn176"><span class= +"sn">176</span><span class="taxon bold">Opuntia Dillenii</span> +<em>Haw.</em> BRITTEIN—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Succulent subarborescent plants with more or less +prickly, jointed stems and branches; joints flat, obovate. Flowers +from upper edge of joints, yellow, tinged with red, 2-3 in. across. +Fruit pyriform, edible when ripe.</p> + +<p class="p3">The Prickly Pear, cultivated and sub-wild. Originally +introduced from America.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="ochnace">OCHNACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn177"><span class= +"sn">177</span><span class="taxon bold">Ochna +Schweinfurthiana</span> <em>F. Hoffm.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">A tree, 25 ft. high. Leaves oblanceolate, widely +emarginate, about 3½ in. long and 1½ in. broad, serrulate, +many-nerved; flowers clustered, long-pedicellate; sepals 1 cm. +long; fruits 1 cm. long, reticulate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: Deragoh).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn177-2" title="Ochna"><span class= +"taxon bold">O. ardisioides</span> <em>Webb.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small or middle-sized tree, with coriaceous leaves; +flowers in twos, on old wood. Style 4-5-fid.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. +(Roseires).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn177-3" title="Ochna"><span class= +"taxon bold">O. leucophlœos</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tortuous shrub. Leaves coriaceous, closely serrulate, +3-6 in. long. Flowers 3-10 together, on old wood, yellow; anthers +dehiscing by pore-like slits.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn177-4" title="Ochna"><span class= +"taxon bold">O. sp.</span> +</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub, with dark bark; leafless at time of flowering; +flowers white.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Between Wau & Deim Zubeir).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn177-5" title="Ochna"><span class= +"taxon bold">O. sp.</span> +</p> + +<p class="p2">Mittu-land (Derago).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn178"><span class= +"sn">178</span><span class="taxon bold">Lophira alata</span> +<em>Banks.</em> TANGA—Dinka & Jur, ZAWA—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tree with long, glossy leaves; fruit like a +shuttlecock, usually 3-winged. Flowers white or yellow, in terminal +pyramidal panicles.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (from Wau +southwards).</p> + +<p class="p3">The seeds yield an oil which is used in cooking, for +hair oil and for making soap. The wood is very hard and heavy +(density 1.1), difficult to work. It is dark brown in colour, and +is suitable for heavy joinery and sleepers.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn179"><span class= +"sn">179</span><span class="taxon bold">Ouratea Arnoldiana</span> +<em>De Wild</em> & <em>Dur.</em></p> + +<p class="p2"><i>Gomphia Arnoldiana</i> DC.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub or tree. Leaves oblong-oblanceolate, acutely +acuminate, about 6 in. long, 2 in. broad, with very numerous +but<span class="pagenum" id="Page_107">[107]</span> obscure +parallel nerves, minutely and distantly toothed; flowers yellow, +few in racemes, shorter than the leaves.</p> + +<p class="p2">Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Mbrwole +River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn179-2" title="Ouratea"><span class= +"taxon bold">O. densiflora</span> <em>De Wild</em> & +<em>Dur.</em></p> + +<p class="p2"><i>Gomphia densiflora</i> DC.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub or tree. Leaves oblong-obovate, very shortly +acuminate, about 6 in. long, 2½-3 in. broad, rather closely +serrulate, with rather distant lateral nerves; flowers in lax +panicles longer than the leaves.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Linduku +Stream).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn180"><span class= +"sn">180</span><span class="taxon bold">Sauvagesia erecta</span> +<em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small herb. Leaves lanceolate or oblong, serrulate; +stipules persistent, pectinate-ciliate. Flowers small, white, rose +or violet; fertile stamens 5; staminodes in two rows, inner of 5 +petaloid, and outer of numerous capitate hairs. Capsule +3-valved.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dokuttu: Bongo-land, to +Congo).</p> + +<p class="p3">The plant is very mucilaginous.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="dipterocarpace">DIPTEROCARPACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn181"><span class= +"sn">181</span><span class="taxon bold">Monotes Kerstingii</span> +<em>Gilg.</em> MELLA—Dinka.</p> + +<p class="p2">Small tree; fruit surrounded by the enlarged +ring-like sepals. Leaves elliptic, rounded at both ends, with about +12 pairs of lateral nerves, softly white tomentose below, about 4 +in. by 2¾ in.; flowers small, in axillary cymes.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: East of Tonj, Bongo-land & +Dar Fertit).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="myrtace">MYRTACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn182"><span class= +"sn">182</span><span class="taxon bold">Syzygium guineense</span> +<em>DC.</em> KORONGO, AGUA or AGUD—Golo; KULOH or KULA—Jur; +SANAMBIRI—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Two types: (a) A large tree with heavy foliage. +Leaves ovate-oblong, short-acuminate. Flowers pale yellow, +fragrant. (b) Small tree with ovate or obovate leaves. Flowers +white.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov.; Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 4-8,000 ft.); +Bahr El Ghazal & Mongalla Provinces: Jur-land & Mittu-land: +Kuragera.</p> + +<p class="p3">A good timber tree; wood red, hard, even-grained, +durable; fruit a small, purple edible berry. Leaves aromatic when +bruised.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn183"><span class= +"sn">183</span><span class="taxon bold">Psidium pomiferum</span> +<em>Don.</em> The Guava tree.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub or small tree. Leaves opposite, oblong or +elliptic-oblong. Peduncles axillary, about 1½ in. long, with 1-3 +flowers; flowers white. Fruit oblong, size of a small lemon, +strongly aromatic when ripe.</p> + +<p class="p2">Introduced from West Indies. Grown in gardens.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="melastomatace"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_108">[108]</span>MELASTOMATACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn184"><span class= +"sn">184</span><span class="taxon bold">Osbeckia saxicola</span> +<em>Gilg.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Hispid pilose herb. Leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, +up to 7 cm. long, long setose-pilose on both surfaces. Flowers +paniculate, rose. Fruits urn-shaped, calyx deciduous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Niamniam-land: by +Nambia Brook, near the Kishi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn184-2" title="Osbeckia"><span class= +"taxon bold">O. senegambiensis</span> <em>Guill.</em> & +<em>Perr.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small shrub; branches 4-angled, scabrid; nodes with +long-spreading bristles. Leaves opposite, elliptic to lanceolate, +with 3 parallel nerves. Flowers ¾ in. diameter, rose or purple, +usually 5-merous, in terminal racemes; anthers 10, 2-tubercled at +base. Capsule enclosed in 10-ribbed, bristly calyx-tube.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (near the Pongo River between +Wau & Chak-Chak).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn185"><span class= +"sn">185</span><span class="taxon bold">Antherotoma Naudini</span> +<em>Hook. f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small herb, stem 4-angled. Leaves opposite, in few +pairs, ovate, ½ in. long. Flowers small, 4-merous, surrounded by a +4-leaved involucre; lobes of calyx alternating with bristles; +stamens 8-10, with connective produced below, 2-tubercled at base, +anthers opening by large pores. Capsule membranous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Addai & Dar Fertit: +near the Kuru River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn186"><span class= +"sn">186</span><span class="taxon bold">Dissotis petiolata</span> +<em>Hook. f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub. Leaves 4-6 in. long, elliptic, with 5-parallel +nerves, opposite. Flowers solitary or 2 together, 5-merous, pink or +purple, enclosed in leafy bracts, anthers 8-10, some longer, +incurved, connective produced, as long as anther-cells. Capsule +5-valved, with a minute ring of bristles.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Jebel (Madi); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur +Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn186-2" title="Dissotis"><span class= +"taxon bold">D. capitata</span> (<em>Vahl</em>) <em>Hook. f.</em> +<span class="taxon bold">var. Barteri</span> <em>Hook. f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small shrub, scabrid, 4-angled. Leaves 3-5 in. long, +opposite, 5-7 parallel-nerved. Flowers in small bracteate heads; +stamens and capsule as above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Khor Tela: between Tonj & +Wau).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn186-3" title="Dissotis"><span class= +"taxon bold">D. phæotricha</span> <em>Triana.</em> (<i>Osbeckia +postpluvialis</i> Gilg).</p> + +<p class="p2">Hispid herb, 6-8 in. high, 4-angled. Leaves 2 in. +long, oblong with 3-5 parallel nerves. Flowers 4-merous, capitate; +bracts small, pectinate, with bristles; calyx bristly; petals +purple, obovate; anthers of 2 lengths; connective short, 2-fid, +shorter; stamens 2-tubercled at base. Capsule as above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: near Kulengo, Jur +Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn186-4" title="Dissotis"><span class= +"taxon bold">D. rotundifolia</span> ex <em>Gilg.</em> (<i>D. +prostrata</i> Triana).</p> + +<p class="p2">Herb. Leaves ovate, 3-nerved, about 1¼ in. long, ¾ +in. broad, slightly pubescent. Flowers few, rose; calyx lobes +lanceolate,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_109">[109]</span> acute, +⅓ in. long. Fruits nearly glabrous, ⅓ in. long, calyx +persistent.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the +Atazilli).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn186-5" title="Dissotis"><span class= +"taxon bold">D. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Gilg.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Bushy plant, 4 ft. high. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, +obtuse, 1½-3 in. long, ¾-1 in. broad, hispidulous, 5-nerved. +Flowers with 2 large bracts at the base, mauve; calyx densely +covered with very hairy bristles; smaller lobes between the calyx +lobes.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn186-6" title="Dissotis"><span class= +"taxon bold">D. scabra</span> <em>Gilg.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, 3-4 ft., stems subquadrangular. Leaves +ovate-lanceolate, 4 in. long, 1½-2 in. broad, scabrid above, +scabrid-puberulous below. Flowers in terminal cymes. Calyx with +numerous disk-like processes outside, setose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: between Tonj & +Duguru & Niamniam-land: Kulensho).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn187"><span class= +"sn">187</span><span class="taxon bold">Tristemma roseum</span> +<em>Gilg.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Branchlets slender, glabrous. Leaves elliptic, acute, +2½ in. long, 1 in. broad, slightly setulose. Involucres sessile. +Receptacle glabrous. Calyx lobes obtuse. Flowers rose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Assika +River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn187-2" title="Tristemma"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. Incompletum</span> <em>R. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect, bristly shrub; branches 4-angled. Leaves +opposite, elliptic to lanceolate, 4-6 in. long, 5-7 nerved, hairy. +Flowers capitate, enclosed in broad, hairy bracts. Receptacle with +a single ring of bristles. Petals ¼ in., white or pink; stamens 10, +mostly equal, with 1 pore, 2-tubercled; crown of ovary bristly. +Fruit dry.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the +Nabambisso River); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn187-3" title="Tristemma"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. papillosum</span> <em>Gilg.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect shrub, bristly; branches 4-angled. Leaves +opposite, elliptic to lanceolate, 4-6 in. long, 5-7 nerved, hairy. +Flowers capitate, enclosed in leafy bracts. Receptacle quite +glabrous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn187-4" title="Tristemma"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. grandifolium</span> <em>Gilg.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Branches setose. Leaves ovate-elliptic, acuminate, +pubescent on both surfaces, 5 in. long, 2½ in. broad. Involucres +sessile, 4-7 flowered. Receptacle with 2 rings of hairs.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="combretace">COMBRETACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn188"><span class= +"sn">188</span><span class="taxon bold">Terminalia +macroptera</span> <em>Guill.</em> & <em>Perr.</em> DAROT or +DURŪT—Arab; KOTWANG (J. Eliri)—Nuba.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tree, 60 ft. high. Leaves alternate, 1 ft. or more +long, ovate, tips sometimes reflexed. Flowers small, green or +white, in lax axillary spikes; petals (as in others of this genus) +0;<span class="pagenum" id="Page_110">[110]</span> stamens 10, in 2 +rows. Fruit 2-winged, 3-4 in. long, 1 in. broad.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli).</p> + +<p class="p3">Exudes a gum. Bark burnt as perfume by Sudanese +women. Wood handsome and close grained, has been sold as Teak.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn188-2" title="Terminalia"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. near macroptera</span> <em>Guill.</em> & +<em>Perr.</em> SIORO—Golo.</p> + +<p class="p2">Young leaves purplish, slightly pubescent, mature +elliptic, cuneate at each end, about 9 in. long, 3-3½ in. broad, at +length quite glabrous. Flowers and fruits not seen.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn188-3" title="Terminalia"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. laxiflora</span> <em>Engl.</em> GURFA—Bongo.</p> + +<p class="p2">Medium tree. Leaves elliptic, rounded at the base, +about 6 in. long and 3 in. broad, glabrous. Spikes axillary, very +slender, 5-6 in. long. Fruit 2-winged, 3 in. long, 1 in. broad. +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Khor Dehab, Blue Nile.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn188-4" title="Terminalia"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Eng.</em> & +<em>Diels.</em> DURŪT—Arab; LINGA—Dinka.</p> + +<p class="p2">Very similar to preceding, but leaves very +unequal-sided and cuneate at the base and narrowed to the apex.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: near the Gendua River); Fung +Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. (Um Seneina, near J. El Amira & Singukai); +Bahr El Ghazal & Mongalla Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn188-5" title="Terminalia"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. aff. T. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Eng.</em> & +<em>Diels.</em> TAMAREIB (Kordn.)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves verticillate, ovate to oblong-elliptic, +obtuse, sub-cuneate at the base, 3-4 in. long, strongly reticulate +and tomentellous below. Fruits narrowly oblong, 2½ in. long, ¾ in. +broad, flat, glabrous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (near Um Ruaba).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn188-6" title="Terminalia"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. salicifolia</span> <em>Schwfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stems and leaves glaucous, glabrous. Leaves +lanceolate, acute at both ends, 6 in. long, 1-1¾ in. broad, finely +reticulate below. Spikes axillary. Young fruit pubescent.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn188-7" title="Terminalia"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. torulosa</span> <em>F. Hoffm.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tree, 30 ft. Leaves elliptic, rounded at each end, +about 9 in. long and 5 in. broad, softly tomentose below and +strongly nerved. Spikes about 4 in. long, tomentose. Fruit 3 in. +long, 1 in. broad, tomentellous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. +(Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn188-8" title="Terminalia"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. sp.</span> +</p> + +<p class="p2">Tree, 15 ft. high. Leaves broadly elliptic, rounded +at each end, 8 in. long and 5 in. broad, reticulate and sparsely +pubescent below, with about 15 pairs of lateral nerves. Flowers and +fruit not seen.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir, III 228 +Schwfth).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn188-9" title="Terminalia"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_111">[111]</span><span class="taxon bold">T. +Spekei</span> <em>Rolfe.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small tree with rough bark, 10 to 20 ft. high. Leaves +elongate oblong-obovate, about 12 in. long and 4 in. broad, very +densely and softly tomentose below, with very strong lateral +nerves. Fruits oblong-elliptic, 3 in. long, 1½ in. broad, +tomentellous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn188-10" title="Terminalia"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. splendida</span> <em>Engl.</em> & <em>Diels.</em> +DURŪT—Arab; FIOK or PHUK—Dinka; TO & FIAWE—Golo; FIOK & POH—Jur; +GURFA—Bongo; BAKAIPUR—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tree, 50 ft. high, with rough bark. Leaves large, +elliptic, slightly narrowed at each end, 9 in. long, 4 in. broad, +leathery, softly tomentose below.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">Bark rough; when powdered, is used as snuff by +Sudanese women. This species is very resistant to grass fires.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn188-11" title="Terminalia"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. Brownei</span> <em>Fresen.</em> SUBAKH & +SUBARAYA—Arab; TAHAT—Rashida; ’MBRA—Nuba.</p> + +<p class="p2">Large tree, with delicate branch tracery; old bark +rough, young bark smooth, whitish. Fruit 2-winged, purplish-red, up +to 3 in. long. Leaves in large tufts near the ends of branches, +broadly lanceolate or elliptic acuminate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov.; Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 5,200 ft.); +Kordofan Prov.; Red Sea Prov. (Has Has).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn188-12" title="Terminalia"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. sericea</span> <em>Burch.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small tree; bark steel coloured; the whole covered +with silky pubescence. Leaves crowded in pseudo-verticils, +oblanceolate-cuspidate. Fruit 2-winged, roundish-ovate, +rusty-velvety, 1 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Biri River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn188-13" title="Terminalia"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. sp. 1337</span> <em>Schwfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub, with viscid young parts. Leaves (very young) +ovate-elliptic, small, with about 5 pairs of lateral nerves, +pubescent on the midrib. Spikes short.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn188-14" title="Terminalia"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. glabra</span> <em>Roxb.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Very large tree with smooth bark, flaking off in +large pieces. Leaves sub-opposite. Fruit 1½ in. long, 5-winged.</p> + +<p class="p2">Introduced.</p> + +<p class="p3">Exudes a gum. The timber is light-brown in colour and +fairly strong, but does not resist white ants. The bark is +sometimes used for dyeing; it is also considered tonic and +astringent. A fine white lime-like ash is obtained by burning the +bark.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn188-15" title="Terminalia"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. Dawei</span> <em>Rolfe.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small tree. Leaves elongate-obovate, up to 12 in. +long and 4 in. broad, with numerous lateral nerves. Flowers not +seen. Fruits red, glaucous, flat, 4 in. long, 1¾ in. broad.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn189"><span class= +"sn">189</span><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_112">[112]</span><span class="taxon bold">Anogeissus +leiocarpus</span> <em>Guill.</em> & <em>Perr.</em> SAHABA +(Kordofan) & SEILAG—Arab; DARO—Rashida; SHIRGI (Dilling), KÏRĪD (J. +Eliri) & TAMURU (Kadugli)—Nuba; SINGA & M’BA—Golo; KHAI—Hameg; +AMMET (Goz El Siada)—Dinka; YIN—Burun; MET—Nuer; SIRINGA—Bongo; +BANGA—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tall, graceful tree, with slender drooping branches +and smooth bark which flakes off. Leaves alternate, +ovate-lanceolate. Flowers in globose heads, small; petals 0; fruit +small, coriaceous, broadly 2-winged.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung, Kordofan & Bahr El +Ghazal Provinces; Upper White Nile Prov. (Goz El Siada); Bahr El +Jebel (Madi); Darfur Prov.; Red Sea Prov. (Has Has).</p> + +<p class="p3">Timber white, strong, elastic, useful for building +carts, implements, etc. Not suitable for railway sleepers. The +roots are rich in tannin and the wood ashes are used in W. Africa +as a mordant for fixing dyes. Yields an insoluble gum.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn189-2" title="Anogeissus"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. near leiocarpus</span> <em>Guill.</em> & +<em>Perr.</em> SAHABA—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Differs chiefly by its more marked heartwood.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">Timber dark, hard and capable of taking a good +polish.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn190"><span class= +"sn">190</span><span class="taxon bold">Gulera senegalensis</span> +<em>Lam.</em> OBEISH or RUBEISH—Arab; KŪĪ (J. Eliri)—Nuba.</p> + +<p class="p2">Small tree or shrub with downy branches, the whole +plant minutely black dotted. Leaves opposite, oval, subcordate, +cuspidate. Flowers in pedunculate involucrate heads. Fruit densely +clothed with very long silky hairs, making a fluffy head.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan, Darfur & Nuba Mts. Provinces.</p> + +<p class="p3">Good camel fodder.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn191"><span class= +"sn">191</span><span class="taxon bold">Combretum +trichanthum</span> <em>Fresen.</em> TARŌB—Rashida; +SHĀF—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Small tree; young branches pubescent. Leaves +opposite, elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, 4-8 in. long, densely +hairy when young. Flowers 4-merous, small, in axillary spikes; +petals obdeltoid, minutely fringed stamens 8, in 2 rows; fruit 4-5 +winged, ¾ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn191-2" title="Combretum"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. Hartmannianum</span> <em>Schwfth.</em> HABIL (White +Nile), SUBAKH or SUBAKH SODA (Fung)—Arab; KARSO (J. Daier), +HAGGIARN (Dilling), KWAE (J. Eliri) & N’DARU (Kadugli)—Nuba.</p> + +<p class="p2">Small to fairly large tree. Leaves opposite, long +acuminate-caudate. Flowers: calyx 4-lobed; petals 4, minute; +stamens 8, in 2 rows. Fruit 4-winged.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Roseires & Jongol’s Post); White Nile +Prov. (Jebelein); Nuba Mts. Prov.; Red Sea Prov. (Has Has).</p> + +<p class="p3">Exudes a gum. The timber is said to be good. Some +portions of the tree are used as perfume by the Nuba.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn191-3" title="Combretum"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_113">[113]</span><span class="taxon bold">C. +lecananthum</span> <em>Engl.</em> & <em>Diels.</em> M’NA—Golo; +DERA—Jur.</p> + +<p class="p2">Small tree. Leaves oblong-elliptic, 4 in. long, 1-1¾ +in. broad, thin, glabrous. Racemes shorter than the leaves, +slender. Fruits broadly elliptic, 1 in. long, 4-winged, +glabrous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn191-4" title="Combretum"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. multispicatum</span> <em>Engl.</em> & +<em>Diels.</em> HABIL—Arab; MANĀ or TEPELU—Golo; GŎK—Nuer.</p> + +<p class="p2">Moderate-sized tree; branchlets and leaves pubescent, +the latter alternate, broadly oblong-elliptic, mucronate, 4 in. +long, 1¾ in. broad, glossy when young. Flowers paniculate, +pubescent, small.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo & Jur-lands).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn191-5" title="Combretum"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. ghasalense</span> <em>Engl.</em> & <em>Diels.</em> +HABIL—Arab; TEPELU—Golo; BAZE—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Moderate-sized tree. Leaves in whorls of 3, +oblong-elliptic, acute at both ends, 3 in. long, 1¼ in. broad, +glabrous and closely reticulate on both surfaces. Flowers in short +panicles, crowded.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (Fertangul); Darfur Prov., Bahr El +Ghazal & Mongalla Provinces.</p> + +<p class="p3">The smoke from the wood is used as perfume by +Sudanese women.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn191-6" title="Combretum"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. brunneum</span> <em>Engl.</em> & +<em>Diels.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small tree, 20 ft. high; branchlets glabrous. Leaves +opposite, ovate-lanceolate, rounded or subcordate at the base, +obtuse and emarginate at the apex, 2-2½ in. long, about 1 in. +broad, reddish-brown and closely reticulate when dry. Fruits +sub-orbicular, 4-winged, ¾ in. broad.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, Mittu-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn191-7" title="Combretum"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. undulatum</span> <em>Wall.</em> SUBAKH or SUBAKH +BEIDA (Fung)—Arab; BOGWEH—Bari; BAZI—Hameg.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tree, 40 ft. high: branchlets glabrous. Leaves in +whorls of 3, oblong-elliptic, acute, 6 in. long, 2 in. broad, +undulate, glossy or viscid when young. Flower paniculate, small, +hairy.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. (Ghebeish); Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Kutshuk Ali & Mittu-land: Ngama); Mongalla +Prov. (Sh. Thombé).</p> + +<p class="p3">The smoke from the wood is used as perfume by +Sudanese women.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn191-8" title="Combretum"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. glutinosum</span> <em>Perr.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small tree. Leaves in whorls of 3 or 4. Fruit +4-winged. Flowers small, pubescent, greenish-white, on small +axillary spikes.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn191-9" title="Combretum"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. cordofanum</span> <em>Engl.</em> & +<em>Diels.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves obovate-elliptic, acutely acuminate, 6 in. +long, 2½ in. broad, softly tomentose below. Fruits thinly winged, +oblong, truncate at the base, 1 in. long, ¾ in. broad, +puberulous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (Um Dajog).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn191-10" title="Combretum"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_114">[114]</span><span class="taxon bold">C. +gallabatense</span> <em>Schwfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Middle-sized tree. Leaves about 6 in. long, +lanceolate, hoary pubescent.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn191-11" title="Combretum"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Engl.</em> & +<em>Diels.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tree. Leaves variable, from 1½ in. long, obovate to +12 in. long, broadly lanceolate, acute to acuminate. Fruit +4-winged.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Ngoli & +Niamniam-land, by the Gumango).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn191-12" title="Combretum"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. verticillatum</span> <em>Engl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small tree, branchlets rusty tomentellous. Leaves in +whorls of 4, lanceolate-elliptic, long acuminate, about 8 in. long +and 2 in. broad, shortly pubescent and rather densely +lepidote-glandular below. Flower-spikes axillary, 2½ in. long. +Fruits 4-winged, ¾ in. long, tomentose between the wings.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land & Bongo-land: +Gir).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn191-13" title="Combretum"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. bongense</span> <em>Engl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub with sweet-smelling flowers. Leaves clustered +ovate-lanceolate, subacute, 3½ in. long, 1½ in. broad, very densely +lepidote below, with tufts of hairs in the axils of the leaves. +Spikes simple, 3 in. long, tomentose. Fruits broadly elliptic, 1¼ +in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Dakuttu); Nuba Mts. +Prov. (J. Debri).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn191-14" title="Combretum"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. adenogonium</span> <em>Steud.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tree. Leaves usually ternate, ovate to lanceolate, +downy beneath, leaving deep scars after falling off. Flowering +branches leafless. Flowers small on short woolly spikes. Fruit +4-5-winged, about 1 in. long, shining.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn191-15" title="Combretum"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. populifolium</span> <em>Engl.</em> & +<em>Diels.</em> BEMBU—Golo.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub or tree, 20 ft. high. Leaves in whorls of 3, +elliptic, sub-acuminate, 3 in. long, 1½ in. broad, densely lepidote +below. Fruits suborbicular, 1 in. broad, densely +rusty-lepidote.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land; S.W. of Old Wau).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn191-16" title="Combretum"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. splendens</span> <em>Engl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Branchlets softly pubescent. Leaves ovate, more or +less slightly cordate at the base, acute, about 5 in. long and 3 +in. broad, softly pubescent on both surfaces. Flowers crowded in +short spikes, hairy. Fruits elliptic, lepidote, 1¼ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, mid-zone).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn191-17" title="Combretum"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. lepidotum</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tree; branches compressed, scaly. Leaves opposite, +ovate, acute, 2-4 in. long, viscid, glandular above and densely +scaly beneath. Flowers in axillary spikes of the length of the +leaves. Fruit lepidote.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung. Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn191-18" title="Combretum"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_115">[115]</span><span class="taxon bold">C. +collinum</span> <em>Fresen.</em> UM-SUMAIN—Arab; ARGADA—Hameg.</p> + +<p class="p2">Small tree; fruit 4-winged. Leaves sub-opposite, 3-5 +in. long, ovate to elliptical, sparingly scaly above, densely so +beneath. Flowers small in simple axillary spikes shorter than the +leaves.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov.; Mongalla Prov. +(Sh. Tombé).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn191-19" title="Combretum"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. parvulum</span> <em>Engl.</em> & +<em>Diels.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Undershrub from a woody rhizome. Leaves oblong, +rounded at both ends, very mucronate, 3½ in. long, very strongly +reticulate below, pubescent between the veins. Flowers few and +clustered at the ends of the peduncle. Fruits broadly elliptic, +with membranous wings 1 in. long, puberulous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn191-20" title="Combretum"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. paniculatum</span> <em>Vent.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Climber with large panicles of small scarlet flowers. +Leaves with twisted stalks, elliptic, 5 in. long, 2½ in. broad, +glabrous. Fruits suborbicular, with broad membranous wings about 1 +in. across.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: Kuddu).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn191-21" title="Combretum"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. capituliflorum</span> <em>Fenzl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Woody climber. Flowers in globose, densely woolly +heads arranged in short terminal and axillary panicles, dull +yellow. Leaves opposite or ternate, lanceolate, undulate 4-6 in. +long. Fruit 1½ in. long; wings narrow, woody.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile Prov. (Fazoghli); White Nile Prov.; Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn191-22" title="Combretum"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. molle</span> <em>R. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub or small tree; young leaves densely hairy.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (between Biri River & Deim +Zubeir).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn191-23" title="Combretum"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. racemosum</span> <em>Beauv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Showy shrub, 20 ft. high. Young leaves and flowers +carmine.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn191-24" title="Combretum"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. mittuense</span> <em>Engl.</em> & +<em>Diels.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Climber. Leaves oblong-elliptic, acute, about 4 in. +long, 2 in. broad, thinly papery, glabrous. Flowers paniculate, +with coloured leafy bracts, pale pink, tassel-like; calyx green; +stamens carmine. Fruits obovate, with very membranous wings, about +1 in. across.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: by the Roah +River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn191-25" title="Combretum"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. near C. comosum</span> <em>Don.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the +Nabambisso River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn191-26" title="Combretum"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. aculeatum</span> <em>Vent.</em> SHEKHEIT (Fung), +SHUHEIT (Dongola) & SHEHEIT (Kordn.) or SOGHEIT—Arab; MARTE +(Dilling) & MINDIGIRI (Kadugli)—Nuba; REGA—Bari.</p> + +<p class="p2">Scandent shrub. Petioles of leaves persistent, +forming decurved spines. Flowers rather small, white; calyx +5-lobed;<span class="pagenum" id="Page_116">[116]</span> petals 5; +stamens 10; anthers orange. Fruit 4-5-winged.</p> + +<p class="p2">Dongola Prov. (Wadi Id El Murakh); Berber Prov. +(Atbara River: Goz Regeb); Red Sea Prov. (Khors, Karora Hills); +Fung. Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Blue Nile Prov. (Upper); White Nile +Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan, Darfur, Bahr El Ghazal & Mongalla +Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn191-27" title="Combretum"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. platypterum</span> <em>Hutch.</em> & <em>J. M. +Diels.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Climber with large panicles of reddish long, tubular +flowers, about 1 in. long. Leaves oblong, rounded at the base, 6 +in. long, glabrous. Fruits like “Honesty,” orbicular-obovate, +broadly winged, about 1½ in. broad.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the +Nabambisso River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn191-28" title="Combretum"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. sp. (cf. C. altum</span> <em>Guill.</em> & +<em>Perr.</em>). KUSI (J. Daier)—Nuba.</p> + +<p class="p2">Small tree; fruit 4-winged; shoots sometimes twining. +Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, 4 in. long, 2 in. broad, +glabrous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Daier). 884 S.G.H.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn191-29" title="Combretum"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. sp.</span> GOAK—Dinka; BOADUN—Burun.</p> + +<p class="p2">Upper White Nile Prov. (Goz El Siada).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="rhizophorace">RHIZOPHORACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn192"><span class= +"sn">192</span><span class="taxon bold">Rhizophora sp.</span> +Probably <span class="taxon bold">R. mucronata</span> +<em>Lam.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Mangrove. Leaves obovate-elliptic, long-mucronate, +leathery, about 4½ in. long and 2 in. broad. Flowers few. Sepals +oblong, leathery. Petals hairy inside. Seeds germinating before +falling.</p> + +<p class="p2">Muddy shores of Red Sea, south of Suakin.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn193"><span class= +"sn">193</span><span class="taxon bold">Bruguiera +gymnorrhiza</span> <em>Lam.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tree with smooth bark, marked on young branches with +scars of leaves and stipules. Leaves rather thick, oval, bright +green. Fruit scarlet, 1 in. long. Seeds germinating before +falling.</p> + +<p class="p2">Muddy shores of Red Sea, south of Suakin.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="hypericace">HYPERICACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn194"><span class= +"sn">194</span><span class="taxon bold">Hypericum Lalandii</span> +<em>Choisy.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small tufted herb, under 10 in. high. Leaves +lanceolate or linear-oblong, about ¼ in. long, gland-dotted. +Flowers yellow in dichotomous cymes.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn194-2" title="Hypericum"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. perforatum</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Somewhat woody plant with perennial stock. Leaves +with translucent and some dark dots; corolla yellow with black +dots. Stamens polyadelphous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, over 6,000 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn195"><span class= +"sn">195</span><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_117">[117]</span><span class="taxon bold">Psorospermum +salicifolium</span> <em>Engl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves lanceolate, acute, 2 in. long, ½ in. broad, +glabrous. Flowers in small close cymes. Sepals and petals streaked +with resin, the latter densely hairy inside.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: Kutshuk Ali & +Kuragera); Niamniam (Tuhami).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn195-2" title="Psorospermum"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. senegalense</span> <em>Spach.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub; twigs and young leaves rusty tomentose. +Flowers in dense corymbs, white, streaked with brown; stamens +5-adelphous. Leaves opposite or alternate, elliptic.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn195-3" title="Psorospermum"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. tenuifolium</span> <em>Hook. f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous shrub. Leaves elliptic, opposite, opaquely +punctate, 2-4 in. long. Flowers in terminal corymbs; stamens +5-7-adelphous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Yei +River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn196"><span class= +"sn">196</span><span class="taxon bold">Haronga +madagascariensis</span> <em>Chois.</em> KAWA (Mongalla +Prov.)—Makraka.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub or small tree. Leaves opposite, entire, rusty +tomentose when young, ovate-oblong, connected by an interpetiolar +ridge. Flowers small, 5-adelphous, in broad terminal corymbose +cymes.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Khor Tela, between +Wau & Tonj, and near the Mongo-longbo stream); Mongalla Prov. (Yei +River).</p> + +<p class="p3">The fruit is edible; the seeds are used in French +Guinea in cookery. The wood is of great beauty, it works well and +finishes without trouble. A yellow dye is obtained from the inner +bark of the tree. It is found in Mongalla Prov., frequently +associated with <i>Berlinia acuminata</i>.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="guttifer">GUTTIFERÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn197"><span class= +"sn">197</span><span class="taxon bold">Garcinia sp.</span> +</p> + +<p class="p2">Branchlets angular, glabrous. Leaves elliptic, +shortly acuminate, acute at the base, 3½ in. long, 1½ in. broad, +with numerous lateral nerves prominent on both surfaces. Fruits +clustered, ⅔ in. long; stalks ½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Mbrwole +River).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="tiliace">TILIACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn198"><span class= +"sn">198</span><span class="taxon bold">Christiana africana</span> +<em>DC.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall tree; young parts, leaves, stalks, calyx and +carpels covered with dense yellow stellate tomentum. Leaf stalks +3-4 in. long; leaves cordate-ovate or oblong, palmately 5-nerved, +6-12 in. long. Flowers in terminal corymbose cymes. Calyx +3-lobed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the River +Hu).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn199"><span class= +"sn">199</span><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_118">[118]</span><span class="taxon bold">Grewia +flavescens</span> <em>Burret.</em> GADDEIM (Darfur), UM KHALATOT +(Goz El Siada), KHELISAN & YABELAYUS—Arab; KINDAL (J. Eliri)—Nuba; +BAMBURTI—Golo.</p> + +<p class="p2">Straggling shrub with quadrangular stems. Leaves +sub-coriaceous, pilose, ovate-oblong, subcordate, coarsely serrate, +2-4 in. long; stipules 2, subulate-lanceolate, deciduous. Peduncles +axillary, 2-3 flowered. Petals emarginate. Drupe 1-4 lobed, +pilose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. +(Goz El Siada); Darfur Prov. (Kulme, & J. Marra, 4,000 ft.); Bahr +El Ghazal Prov. (Khor Niual: between Chak-Chak & Deim Zubeir & +Bongo-land: Addai).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn199-2" title="Grewia"><span class= +"taxon bold">G. venusta</span> <em>Fresen.</em> KURMUZ—Hameg.</p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial or undershrub, white, stellately tomentose. +Leaves roundish oblong, palmately 3-5 nerved, 3-5 in. long. Cymes +many flowered, extra axillary. Drupe size of a large pea 2-4 lobed, +crustaceous, copper-coloured, pilose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn199-3" title="Grewia"><span class= +"taxon bold">G. Kakothamnos</span> <em>K. Schum.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub or small tree. Leaves obovate-elliptic, +serrulate, about 1 in. long, stellate-pubescent. Flowers axillary, +subsolitary; pedicels ⅓ in. long, bibracteate above the middle; +sepals ½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn199-4" title="Grewia"><span class= +"taxon bold">G. salvifolia</span> <em>Heyne.</em> BASHAM +(Fung)—Arab; DILI—Burun; KEM (Goz El Siada)—Dinka; BAIDI—Hameg.</p> + +<p class="p2">Large shrub or small tree; fruit edible, usually +2-lobed. Leaves lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, entire undulate or +serrulate. Flowers yellow in axillary fascicles.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Goz El +Siada).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn199-5" title="Grewia"><span class= +"taxon bold">G. occidentalis</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small tree. Leaves obliquely ovate, acute, about 2 +in. long and 1 in. broad, crenate, nearly glabrous. Flowers 3-4 +together in very small umbels; sepals mauve inside, ½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Has Has).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn199-6" title="Grewia"><span class= +"taxon bold">G. ferruginea</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">A small tree. Leaves obovate-elliptic, acute, very +closely crenulate, 4-5 in. long and about 2 in. broad, closely +covered with short stellate hairs below. Flowers in threes the +middle one opening first; sepals linear-lanceolate, ½ in. long, +tomentose; fruits reticulate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Locality? (fide Mrs. Crowfoot).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn199-7" title="Grewia"><span class= +"taxon bold">G. mollis</span> <em>Juss.</em> BASHAM (Kordn.)—Arab; +KUAM (J. Eliri)—Nuba; ULUMBA or EUWI—Golo; KAM—Nuer; +POIGO—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub or small tree, giving out long, semi-scandent +shoots. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, with 3 basal nerves. Flowers +yellow, solitary. Drupes indistinctly 4-lobed, dark yellow.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Nuba +Mts.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_119">[119]</span> Prov. (J. +Debri & J. Eliri); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land, Niamniam-land +& Jur-land); Red Sea Prov. (Katai Geraita).</p> + +<p class="p3">The bast yields a fibre; the wood ashes are used as a +substitute for salt; the fruit is edible; the wood is used for bows +and arrows; it is light red or pink, and very elastic.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn199-8" title="Grewia"><span class= +"taxon bold">G. monticola</span> <em>Sond.?</em> BASHAM +(Baggara)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub. Leaves oblong, acute, 4 in. long, 1¾ in. +broad, glabrescent above, softly tomentellous below, 3-nerved at +the base. Fruit the size of a pea, whitish.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nuba Mts. Prov. (Um Durein & J. Fertangul).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn199-9" title="Grewia"><span class= +"taxon bold">G. betulæfolia</span> <em>Juss.</em> GADDEIM—Arab; +HEDDA—Rashida; TOMUT—Hadendowa; KARII (J. Eliri) & ARUING +(Rashad—Talodi)—Nuba; ANGALOA—Hameg; AFOR & APOR (Kenissa) & AFWĀR +(Renk)—Dinka; OFADOH—Shilluk.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub. Leaves small, somewhat variable, irregularly +crenate serrate; flowers white, solitary; fruit orange coloured, +2-4 lobed, edible.</p> + +<p class="p2">Almost throughout the Sudan, particularly south of +Khartoum.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn199-10" title="Grewia"><span class= +"taxon bold">G. erythræa</span> <em>Schwfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub. Leaves rounded-obovate, 3-5 nerved at the +base, repand-dentate, about 1¼ in. long, slightly +stellate-pubescent below. Flowers solitary; calyx ⅓ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (Darfur boundary on J. Sinin).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn199-11" title="Grewia"><span class= +"taxon bold">G. villosa</span> <em>Willd.</em> TAMR EL ABID & TUKKU +(Kordn.), ABU KHALAFOF & GEREIGDAN (Goz el Siada), MUTRAK +(Baggara)—Arab; EIGERA (Dilling), LUĪ (J. Eliri) & TUMBU +(Kadugli)—Nuba; ANTAMANA-WANSHU—Hameg; ATENDIT (Renk), GUNKEIT & +LUBLUB (Goz el Siada)—Dinka; DILMAN & KELAIIN—Burun.</p> + +<p class="p2">Large shrub with cordate nearly orbicular leaves, 1-4 +in. in diameter. Flowers dull-yellow, in compact axillary clusters. +Fruit globose, with a brown, stellate hairy rind, edible.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan +Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Kulme); Nuba Mts. Prov.; Upper White Nile +Prov. (Goz El Siada); Mongalla Prov.; Red Sea Prov. (Has Has).</p> + +<p class="p3">Used for spear shafts (Aylmer).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn199-12" title="Grewia"><span class= +"taxon bold">G. sp. (Glomeratæ)</span> No. 1168 <em>S.G.H.</em> +TOMUT—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub, covered with short, stellate hairs. Leaves +ovate-rounded, 1½ in. long, 1¼ in. broad, serrate. Flowers +clustered. Buds ¼ in. long, tomentose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn200"><span class= +"sn">200</span><span class="taxon bold">Triumfetta lepidota</span> +<em>K. Schum.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect shrub, 4 ft. high. Leaves suborbicular to +oblanceolate, subtrilobed, up to 6 in. wide. Cymes 2-4 to each +node. Sepals<span class="pagenum" id="Page_120">[120]</span> scaly +outside, ¾ in. long. Fruit woody, globose, 8-10 celled, strongly +tuberculate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the River +Lehsi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn200-2" title="Triumfetta"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. micrantha</span> <em>K. Schum.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves lanceolate-oblong, 2½-3 in. long, ½-¾ in. +broad, serrulate, tomentose or pubescent below. Sepals +stellate-pubescent outside. Fruit with densely pilose prickles, the +latter with 2-8 terminal spinules.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Sabbi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn200-3" title="Triumfetta"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. buettneriacea</span> <em>K. Schum.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 2-3 in. long, +⅓-1¼ in. broad, sparingly pilose on both surfaces. Sepals +stellate-pubescent outside. Fruit with glabrescent prickles, much +broadened at the base, terminated by 1-4 spinules.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Jur Ghattas, & +Bongoland: Gurfala).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn200-4" title="Triumfetta"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. flavescens</span> <em>Hochst.</em> +DERBAKE—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrubby; stem pilose, black-dotted. Lower leaves +stalked; blades roundish, truncate or cordate, acute, irregularly +toothed. Flowers yellowish, numerous, in small clusters along the +sides and ends of branches. Capsule small, covered with grey down +and small, hooked prickles.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (in several places).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn200-5" title="Triumfetta"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. rhomboidea</span> <em>Jacq.</em> ALLOSEG, ALLUSEIG +or LUSEIG—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Herb with variable, irregularly serrate leaves and +small globose fruit covered with prickles, downy. Flowers yellow, +small, in spicate inflorescence.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land); Mongalla +Prov. (Mongalla, etc.); Red Sea Prov. (Karora).</p> + +<p class="p3">Yields a soft, glossy fibre. The mucilage is used as +an injection in venereal diseases.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn200-6" title="Triumfetta"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. annua</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect, somewhat pilose, annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves +ovate, acuminate, dentate, 3-nerved, on very long stalks. Fruit +size of a pea, smooth between the glaucous hooked prickles.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (Zalingei).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn200-7" title="Triumfetta"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. pentandra</span> <em>Guill.</em> & +<em>Perr.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect, slightly downy herb. Leaves subcordate, +slightly 3-5 lobed or roundish-acuminate. Flowers minute, in +lateral cymes. Stamens 5-8. Fruit oblong, about ¼ in. long, hairy +on the edges of the appressed prickles.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur +Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn200-8" title="Triumfetta"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. tomentosa</span> <em>Bojer.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Softly hairy perennial or shrub; fruit globose, +covered with straight, black spines. Leaves ovate to +ovate-lanceolate,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_121">[121]</span> +slightly cordate, passing gradually into bracts. Flowers small, +yellow, numerous in terminal panicles.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn201"><span class= +"sn">201</span><span class="taxon bold">Honckenya ficifolia</span> +<em>Willd.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Handsome-flowered shrub, with purplish branches. +Leaves rather variable, usually more or less deeply 3-7 lobed. +Flowers large, violet, in terminal racemose cymes. Capsules 1-2 +in., 4-valved.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the River +Yubbo).</p> + +<p class="p3">A valuable fibre plant.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn202"><span class= +"sn">202</span><span class="taxon bold">Corchorus tridens</span> +<em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual 1-2 ft.; leaves oblong-linear, coarsely +crenate-serrate, the two lowest teeth often prolonged into filiform +tails; capsule terminating in 3 spreading or reflexed points.</p> + +<p class="p2">Between Suakin & Berber; Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov.; +White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur +Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn202-2" title="Corchorus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. acutangulus</span> <em>Lam.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual; leaves oval or ovate, crenate-serrate, the +two lowest teeth often prolonged into filiform tails; fruit +3-winged.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (J. Kon); Upper White Nile Prov. +(Meshra El Zeraf); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn202-3" title="Corchorus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. olitorius</span> <em>Linn.</em> MOLOKHIA or +MULUKHIA—Arab; MORAMBIDA—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Annual; leaves ovate-lanceolate, the two lowest +serrations produced into fine tails; capsule linear, with a long +beak, altogether 1-3 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Between Khartoum & Berber +(El Mesherif); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (J. +Arashkol); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).</p> + +<p class="p3">Cultivated and wild. It is used as a vegetable, the +fibre is inferior to that of the true jute. The plant is also used +in native medicine.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn202-4" title="Corchorus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. Antichorus</span> <em>Ræuschel.</em> SUTEIH +(Atbara) & UM SHITEIH (N. Kordn.)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Prostrate or decumbent perennial. Leaves small, +roundish, plicate-crenate, palmately 3-nerved. Flowers solitary or +in pairs. Capsule 1-1½ in. long, slender, beaked at apex, +4-valved.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; North Sudan; Berber Prov. (Atbara); Khartoum +Prov. (Khartoum); Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">The plant is used as a demulcent.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn202-5" title="Corchorus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. fascicularis</span> <em>DC.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Procumbent annual; leaves short-stalked, oblong or +lanceolate, 1-2 in. long, 3-nerved. Capsule about ¾ in. long, +cylindrical, short-beaked.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Bunzaga); White +Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land, +Gir).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn202-6" title="Corchorus"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_122">[122]</span><span class="taxon bold">C. +trilocularis</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, erect or decumbent. Leaves 1-3 in. long, +elliptic to oblong-lanceolate. Pedicels short, 2-3 flowered; petals +bright yellow. Capsules 2-3 in. long, 3-4 angled; beak short and +straight.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn203"><span class= +"sn">203</span><span class="taxon bold">Glyphæa grewioides</span> +<em>Hook. f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Slightly pilose shrub, 8-12 ft. high. Leaves ovate or +oblong, subcordate, 3-nerved. Flowers bright-yellow, in terminal +cymes. Fruit oblong or fusiform, indehiscent, 1-2 in. long. Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River); Mongalla +Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="sterculiace">STERCULIACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn204"><span class= +"sn">204</span><span class="taxon bold">Melhania ferruginea</span> +<em>A. Rich.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Woolly herb or undershrub. Leaves longer than the +stalks, subcordate oval-oblong, velvety, palmately 3-5 nerved. +Epicalyx of 3 broadly-ovate, unilateral segments. Petals convolute, +persistent. Capsule pointed; seeds 10 in each cell.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Sheikh Tombé).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn204-2" title="Melhania"><span class= +"taxon bold">M. Denhamii</span> <em>R. Br.</em> DUBAGHA (N. +Kordn.)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Undershrub with a false likeness to <i>Senra +incana</i>. Leaves as long as leaf-stalks, about 1 in. long, +ovate-oblong, velvety. Flowers on axillary peduncles, red. Capsules +subglobose, 5-celled, with 1-2 seeds in each cell.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat.); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur +Prov.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn205"><span class= +"sn">205</span><span class="taxon bold">Dombeya multiflora</span> +<em>Planch.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub. Leaf blades equal to stalks, 1-2 in. long, +cordate-roundish or oblong, palmately 5-7 nerved. Inflorescence +appearing before the leaves, in stalked axillary cymes. Styled +deeply 5-cleft.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung & White Nile Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn205-2" title="Dombeya"><span class= +"taxon bold">D. multiflora</span> <em>Pl.</em> <span class= +"taxon bold">var. (a) vestita</span> <em>Schum.</em> GREGDAN +(Baggara)—Arab; KINDAMOI (J. Eliri)—Nuba; DERDER—Hameg; POPWA, +PURPUR and METEMBOA—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub or small tree, with palmate leaves and white +flowers, which turn pink after being fertilized, the corolla +persisting.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov.; South Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (J. +Marra N.W. slopes 6,500 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Bahr El Jebel +(Madi).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn206"><span class= +"sn">206</span><span class="taxon bold">Melochia +corchorifolia</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect herb or undershrub. Stem with a line of +somewhat stellate hairs down one side. Leaves variable in size, +oblong-ovate to ovate, rounded at base, serrate. Flowers pink, in +terminal clusters, pentamerous. Capsules 5-valved, 1 seed to +each.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (Rahad); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); +Upper<span class="pagenum" id="Page_123">[123]</span> White Nile +Prov. (Banks of the White Nile); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé).</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">var. densiflora</span> +<em>K. Schum.</em></p> + +<p class="p3">The root-bark is chewed in Kordofan Prov. as a salve +for sore lips. The stem yields a fibre, and the leaves are +eaten.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn207"><span class= +"sn">207</span><span class="taxon bold">Waltheria americana</span> +<em>Linn.</em> ERG EL NĀL (Kordn.)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Villose undershrub or tall woody herb; leaves +plicate; flowers yellow, in dense sessile axillary fascicles. +Sepals 5, connate below; petals 5; ovary 1-celled; ovules 2. +Capsule small, enclosed in calyx, membranous, 1-seeded.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Kulme); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn208"><span class= +"sn">208</span><span class="taxon bold">Hermannia modesta</span> +<em>Planch.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Low growing annual, covered with glandular hairs. +Leaves subsessile, linear-oblong, obtuse up to 1½ in. long. Flowers +in axillary peduncles. Filaments dilated above; styles 5.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (coast); Kordofan Prov. (Abu +Gerad).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn208-2" title="Hermannia"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. tigrensis</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect, stellate hairy annual, about 1 ft. high. +Leaves subsessile, elliptic-oblong, acute; stipules falcate. +Flowers solitary on solitary axillary peduncles; filaments +petaloid.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (El Obeid).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn209"><span class= +"sn">209</span><span class="taxon bold">Leptonychia +chrysocarpa</span> <em>K. Schum.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small tree. Leaves oblong-elliptic, obtusely +long-acuminate, glabrous, about 6 in. long and 2½ in. broad, +entire. Flowers not seen. Fruits axillary, about 3-4 together, +depressed globose, stellate-tomentellous, ¾ in. in diameter.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the +Linduku).</p> + +<p class="p3">Wood carved for ornaments.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn210"><span class= +"sn">210</span><span class="taxon bold">Sterculia tomentosa</span> +<em>Guill.</em> & <em>Perr.</em> UMTELEIH (Baggara)—Arab; KULOWI +(J. Eliri); HEIMOR (J. Heiban); FEIDER (Rashad-Talodi); BOKARAK +(Kadugli)—Nuba; DA or KANDI—Golo; M’BURU—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fairly large tree. Leaves palmate, large. Flowers +small, in drooping panicles; petals none. Capsule large, hairy, 3-4 +valved. Seeds numerous, brown, with small orange aril.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov. (Jebelein); South Kordofan Prov.; +Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Bor).</p> + +<p class="p3">Wood white or pale pink, soft, light, perishable. The +seeds yield a dark orange-red coloured oil. A fibre is obtained +from the bast, and a clear gum exuding from wounds in the bark, +partly soluble in water, is used in Europe for dyeing silk +fabrics.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn210-2" title="Sterculia"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. cinerea</span> <em>A. Rich.</em> TARTAR—Arab; +OMFA—Hameg.</p> + +<p class="p2">Large tree with palmate leaves and scaly bark. +Flowers numerous in much-branched axillary panicles. Fruit +of<span class="pagenum" id="Page_124">[124]</span> 3-5 sessile, +reflexed follicles which are downy outside and bristly within. +Seeds numerous, black, with yellow aril.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung and Kordofan Provinces.</p> + +<p class="p3">Wood of poor quality. A gum, similar in quality to +that of the foregoing, exudes from the bark. Strips from the young +plants are used as cordage.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn211"><span class= +"sn">211</span><span class="taxon bold">Cola cordifolia</span> +<em>R. Br.</em> KUKUROKU—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Large tree, 120 ft. Leaves very large, widely +rotundate-cordate, entire or slightly lobulate, up to 1 ft. broad, +softly stellate-pubescent below, strongly 7-nerved at the base. +Cymes fulvous-tomentose. Fruits velvety-tomentose, with large red +seeds.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Yei River).</p> + +<p class="p3">According to Wood in his Report on the Bahr El Ghazal +forests, 1922, “this tree is confined to the Southern Bahr El +Ghazal, where it is fairly common on banks of streams in the +evergreen zone. A very lofty tree, up to 120 ft., with straight +stem and large, dense crown. Does not lose its leaves. Bark brown, +not very rough; wood white, soft, perishable. Most of the large +trees (10 ft. girth) are hollow in the centre.”</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="bombacace">BOMBACACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn212"><span class= +"sn">212</span><span class="taxon bold">Adansonia digitata</span> +<em>Linn.</em> TEBELDI, HOMEIRA, HUMR (Dongola)—Arab; +HUMAR—Hadendowa; FAK (J. Daier), TUBERLI (Dilling), KISHAWIYI (J. +Eliri), MANSALLO (Kadugli), ORA (Tagele)—Nuba; UFFA—Hameg; +DUNGWOL—Dinka; KUSHA—Nuer; GAG—Shilluk; BUL—Burun. The Baobab +Tree.</p> + +<p class="p2">A large tree, often of great girth; bark whitish, +shining. Leaves digitately 5-7 fol. Flowers 2-3 in. across, white. +Fruit 8-10 in. long, ovoid, filled with fibres and acid mealy pulp, +in which the seeds are embedded.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Dongola Prov. (Wadi El +Murakh); Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Hillet +El Shilluk); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (North).</p> + +<p class="p3">The hollow trunk is used for a reservoir for the +storage of rain water, and in some places as a burial place for +dead. The bark yields a strong fibre used for ropes, baskets, etc. +The fruit, called GONGOLEIS by Arabs, contains a subacid pulp which +makes a pleasant drink with water, and is used as a cooling +medicine.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn213"><span class= +"sn">213</span><span class="taxon bold">Ceiba pentandra</span> +<em>Gaertn.</em> <i>Eriodendron anfractuosum</i> DC. Kapok or Silk +Cotton Tree.</p> + +<p class="p2">Introduced.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tree; young bark covered with conical prickles. +Leaves digitately 8-15 foliolate. Flowers white, 2-8 together in +axillary clusters. Capsule 3-4 in. long, densely lined with long +silky hairs.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_125">[125]</span>Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Kassala +Prov. (Gallabat); Kordofan Prov. (Bara); Bahr El Ghazal Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">The floss surrounding the seed is used for stuffing +cushions, lifebelts, etc.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="malvace">MALVACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn214"><span class= +"sn">214</span><span class="taxon bold">Malva parviflora</span> +<em>Linn.</em> KHUBBEIZA—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Herb; stem trailing. Leaves cordate, orbicular, +slightly 3-5 lobed, crenate-dentate. Flowers purplish, in axillary, +few-flowered clusters. Stamens monadelphous, anthers to top of +column; stigmas linear.</p> + +<p class="p2">Cultivated in most parts.</p> + +<p class="p3">Cooked as a pot-herb, also used medicinally to allay +irritation both externally and internally.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn214-2" title="Malva"><span class= +"taxon bold">M. verticillata</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect herb, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves cordate, roundish, +5-lobed. Flowers purplish, in dense axillary or terminal clusters. +Carpels 10-12 in a whorl, enclosed in accrescent calyx.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Kulme).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn215"><span class= +"sn">215</span><span class="taxon bold">Malvastrum spicatum</span> +<em>A. Gray.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect, branching herb, 1-2 ft. high, stellately +tomentose. Leaves ovate, crenate-serrate, sometimes lobed. Bracts +of epicalyx shorter than calyx. Flowers small, yellow, in a dense +terminal, leafy spike; stigmas capitate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn215-2" title="Malvastrum"><span class= +"taxon bold">M. tricuspidatum</span> <em>A. Gray.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect herb, 2-3 ft. high, with adpressed, simple +hairs. Leaves long-stalked, ovate-lanceolate, toothed, hairy. +Flowers yellow, subsessile in axillary and terminal clusters. +Carpels 8-12, each 3-pointed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn216"><span class= +"sn">216</span><span class="taxon bold">Sida urens</span> +<em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect, hirsute perennial. Leaves cordate, +ovate-serrate. Flowers usually in dense axillary clusters; epicalyx +0; carpels 5, awnless or with short beaks.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Ghabat El Arab; Bongo-land: Gir).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn216-2" title="Sida"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. humilis</span> <em>Cav.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial; branches long, prostrate, rooting at the +nodes. Flowers pale yellow, under ½ in. diameter. Leaves +broad-ovate, cordate, variable in size. Ripe carpels 5, separating +from the axis, pointed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: near Khor +Mulmul).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn216-3" title="Sida"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. spinosa</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual or perennial, much branched, often with small, +recurved prickles at the nodes below the petioles. Leaves oval to +oblong, crenate-serrate. Flowers white, ½ in. in diameter. Ripe +carpels 5, with 2 long, rough beaks.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_126">[126]</span>Nubia; Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Between +Khartoum & Berber; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; +Darfur Prov. (Kulme).</p> + +<p class="p3">The leaves are demulcent, the root is a tonic and is +used in some cases of cattle disease.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn216-4" title="Sida"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. cordifolia</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect, much branched, semi-shrubby, with silky hair; +leaves densely velvety, ovate, cordate; flowers yellow; ripe +carpels 10, wrinkled, with 2 straight beaks.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur +Ghattas); Mongalla Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">The root and seeds are used in native medicines.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn216-5" title="Sida"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. rhombifolia</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrubby; branches rough with stellate hair. Leaves +rhomboid-lanceolate, dentate-serrate above, stellate hairy on +under-surface. Flowers yellow; ripe carpels 9-10, beaked or not +beaked.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov.; Mongalla Prov.; Darfur Prov. (shady +places).</p> + +<p class="p3">Roots used for rheumatism. Yields an excellent +fibre.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn216-6" title="Sida"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. grewioides</span> <em>Guill.</em> & +<em>Perr.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrubby plant. Leaves oblong or roundish, cordate, +crenate, downy on both surfaces. Flowers small, yellow, axillary, +solitary or in pairs; carpels 7-8, indehiscent, beakless or beaked; +beaks inflexed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Upper +White Nile Prov. (River Sobat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé); +Mongalla Prov.; Darfur Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn216-7" title="Sida"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>E. G. Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves shortly petiolate, broadly ovate, coarsely and +double serrate, cordate, about 4½ in. long and 3 in. broad, shortly +stellate-pubescent on both surfaces. Flowers numerous in lax, very +slender panicles; pedicels filiform.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: near Mongbo-longbo +stream).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn217"><span class= +"sn">217</span><span class="taxon bold">Wissadula rostrata</span> +<em>Planch.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall, shrubby plant. Leaves cordate. Flowers small, +yellow, paniculate; carpels 5, beaked.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov.; White Nile +Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur +Ghattas); Mongalla Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">Yields a good fibre.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn218"><span class= +"sn">218</span><span class="taxon bold">Abutilon angulatum</span> +<em>Mast.</em> AMBORU, UMBARU or UMBORU—Arab; BUTNIEID +(Dilling)—Nuba.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tall, woody herb, up to 8 ft. high. Leaves +long-stalked, roundish, cordate, 5-7 nerved, pale on under-surface. +Flowers yellow, on loose terminal panicle. Fruit globose, +depressed; carpels about 20, obtuse, reniform, 1-seeded.</p> + +<p class="p2">Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov.; +Upper<span class="pagenum" id="Page_127">[127]</span> White Nile +Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); Nuba Mountains Prov. (Dilling); Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Wau); Mongalla Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn218-2" title="Abutilon"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. graveolens</span> <em>Wight</em> & <em>Arnott.</em> +MAKHSHASH EL RIGAL (Baggara)—Arab; DOEIRI (Dilling)—Nuba.</p> + +<p class="p2">Downy, bushy herb; calyx large, densely pubescent; +corolla yellow, sometimes turning pink on withering. Leaves ovate, +cordate, somewhat dentate, pubescent, pale beneath. Carpels 20 or +more, 3-seeded.</p> + +<p class="p2">Khartoum to Berber; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); +Kordofan Prov.; Nuba Mountains Prov.; Red Sea Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">The leaves and root are used in medicine; the stems +yield a fibre.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn218-3" title="Abutilon"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. glaucum</span> <em>Webb.</em> HANBŪK & UMBUR—Arab. +The fruit GARGADAN.</p> + +<p class="p2">Downy undershrub. Corolla yellow, with purple centre. +Leaves cordate, 7-9 nerved, irregular dentate, as long as the +stalk. Carpels 20 or more, 2-3 seeded.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov.; Berber Prov.; Kassala Prov.; Khartoum +Prov. & South.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn218-4" title="Abutilon"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. fruticosum</span> <em>Guill.</em> & +<em>Perr.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Densely white-downy, much branched, rigid perennial. +Leaves small, short-stalked, cordate, denticulate. Peduncles +axillary, 1-3 flowered. Carpels 10, persistent, 2-3 seeded.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov.; Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. +Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn218-5" title="Abutilon"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. ramosum</span> <em>Guill.</em> & <em>Perr.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect branching, hairy perennial. Leaves cordate, +sometimes 3-lobed, 5-7 nerved, long-stalked. Peduncles axillary and +terminal, shorter than leaf-stalks; flowers white or yellow. +Carpels 8-10, long 2-awned.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung & Kordofan Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn218-6" title="Abutilon"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. bidentatum</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect undershrub with downy branches. Leaves +short-stalked, cordate-ovate, denticulate, pilose. Flowers in small +axillary panicles. Fruit subglobose; carpels 16-20, each with 2 +teeth; seeds 3 in each carpel.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea, Fung & Kordofan Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn218-7" title="Abutilon"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. hirtum</span> <em>Don.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect, downy perennial. Leaves long-stalked, +ovate-cordate, serrate 6-7 nerved. Peduncles axillary or terminal, +1 or more flowered. Petals large, bright orange, hairy at base. +Fruit truncate; carpels 12 or more, short bidentate; seeds 3.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Kodok).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn219"><span class= +"sn">219</span><span class="taxon bold">Malachra radiata</span> +<em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall, hispid herb; flowers small, pink, in dense +heads with distinct bractlets and surrounded by a general +involucre.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fruit turbinate; carpels 5. Leaves short-stalked, +palmately 5-7 lobed.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_128">[128]</span>Upper +White Nile Prov. (mouth of Bahr El Zeraf); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn220"><span class= +"sn">220</span><span class="taxon bold">Urena lobata</span> +<em>Linn.</em> KĀRI (J. Eliri)—Nuba.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tall herb, erect, branched, covered with stellate +hairs. Leaves shallowly 5-lobed; flowers pink. Ripe carpels 5, +densely stellate hairy and covered with spines deflexed at the +ends.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov.; South Kordofan Prov.; +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Ghabat El Arab & Jur Ghattas); Mongalla +Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">The bark yields a fibre of good quality, suitable for +bags, twine, etc.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn221"><span class= +"sn">221</span><span class="taxon bold">Pavonia hirsuta</span> +<em>Guill.</em> & <em>Perr.</em> UMBERRU (N. Kordn.)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Downy perennial or undershrub; branches or stems +procumbent, up to 5-6 ft. long. Leaves scabrous above, cordate, +suborbicular or obscurely 3-lobed. Flowers yellow, with purple +centres, on solitary stalks in axils of upper leaves. Styles 10; +carpels 10, covered with reflexed bristles. White Nile, Kordofan & +Darfur Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn221-2" title="Pavonia"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. glechomæfolia</span> <em>A. Rich.</em> KULAM & +KUNUTAL (Blue Nile)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Rigid herb with slender hirsute branches. Leaves +ovate, cordate, slightly 3-lobed, crenate-serrate. Flowers yellow, +about 1 in. across, with 5 free, oval bracteoles. Ripe carpels 5, +without beak.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile Prov. (Abu Haraz); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur +(Kulme); Red Sea Prov. (Has Has).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn221-3" title="Pavonia"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. triloba</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect, bushy herb; stems long-pilose. Leaves more or +less trilobed, about 1¼ in. long, with two types of stellate hairs +below. Epicalyx persistent, of several linear bracts.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan & Darfur +Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn221-4" title="Pavonia"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. arabica</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect tomentose perennial. Leaves as long as stalks, +oblong, subcordate. Peduncles solitary, axillary; epicalyx of 10-20 +linear, villose bracts, arching over the ripe fruit. Corolla pink, +longer than calyx. Fruit subglobose, size of a pea.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov.; 21° N. Lat.; Darfur Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn221-5" title="Pavonia"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. Kotschyi</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Densely villose, low growing, woody perennial. Leaves +oblong-ovate, obtuse, coarsely serrate, 3-5 nerved. Epicalyx of 10 +linear bracts. Peduncles axillary, solitary, 1-flowered. Corolla +yellow, about 1 in. across. Carpels 5, each with 2 large wings.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung & Kordofan Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn221-6" title="Pavonia"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_129">[129]</span><span class="taxon bold">P. +zeylanica</span> <em>Cav.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves digitately divided almost to the base, lobes +3-5, oblanceolate, 1 in. long, densely tomentose below with +stellate hairs; flowers solitary, on long pedicels; epicalyx of 10 +linear bracts; fruits slightly winged.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Karora).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn221-7" title="Pavonia"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. macrophylla</span> <em>E. Mey.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall pilose herb or undershrub. Leaves long-stalked, +oval, cordate-acuminate, or 3-lobed, crenate-serrate. Peduncles +axillary, 1-flowered. Epicalyx of usually 5 foliaceous segments; +petals pink; styles 8-10; carpels 5, obovate.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn222"><span class= +"sn">222</span><span class="taxon bold">Kosteletzkya +adoensis</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Large herb or undershrub. A line of hairs along one +side of the stem shifts to the other side at each successive joint. +Leaves long-stalked, roundish-cordate, acuminate, 3-nerved, +sometimes 3-pointed, hispid. Epicalyx of 7-10 linear-lanceolate +bractlets. Corolla yellow. Carpels 5; seeds flat.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn222-2" title="Kosteletzkya"><span class= +"taxon bold">K. flava</span> <em>Bak. f.</em> (<i>K. Buettneri</i> +Gürke).</p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves linear to linear-lanceolate, up to 5 in. long +and ½ in. broad, the lower often hastate at the base, serrulate, +scabrid. Flowers solitary, axillary. Epicalyx of 7-10 linear bracts +a little shorter than the calyx. Fruits depressed, pentagonal, +bristly.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn222-3" title="Kosteletzkya"><span class= +"taxon bold">K. Chevalieri</span> <em>Hochr.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect herb with rod-like stems, about 4 ft. high, +densely strigose-hispid. Leaves suborbicular, widely cordate at the +base, slightly 3-lobed, about 2 cm. diameter, softly +stellate-pilose. Flowers in dense terminal spikes.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land; Bongo-land; +Kulongo).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn223"><span class= +"sn">223</span><span class="taxon bold">Senra incana</span> +<em>Cav.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Soft, downy undershrub; corolla deep purple. Epicalyx +of 3 cordate palmi-nerved leaflets. Capsule 5-valved, ovoid; seed +3-pilose. Leaves palmately 3-5 lobed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung & White Nile Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn224"><span class= +"sn">224</span><span class="taxon bold">Hibiscus Trionum</span> +<em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Much branched, hispid annual. Flower yellow, with a +purple centre; calyx persistent, ventricose, accrescent. Epicalyx +7-12 linear segments. Leaves long-stalked, usually deeply palmately +3-5 lobed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Suakin & Soturba); Khartoum Prov.; +White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn224-2" title="Hibiscus"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. dictyocarpus</span> <em>Webb.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stem woody, erect, hairy. Leaves long-stalked, 3-5 +lobed, central lobe longest. Epicalyx of 10-12 linear, spathulate +bracts. Peduncles solitary, axillary. Corolla yellow, with purple +centre. Styles 5. Fruit roundish, 5-winged.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn224-3" title="Hibiscus"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_130">[130]</span><span class="taxon bold">H. +vitifolius</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall, much-branched perennial. Flowers bright yellow, +with a purple centre; bracteoles 5-8. Leaves palmate, 3-5 lobed, +serrate. Capsules 5-winged. Epicalyx of 8-12 linear bracts.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov.; Fung Prov. (Saoleil).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn224-4" title="Hibiscus"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. obtusilobus</span> <em>Gärcke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, 18 in. high. Leaves longer than stalks, +cordate, 3-5 lobed, central longest. Epicalyx of 6-9 linear-oblong +bracts, shorter than calyx; calyx segments 1-nerved. Capsule +covered with forked bristles.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn224-5" title="Hibiscus"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. diversifolius</span> <em>Jacq.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall, prickly herb. Flowers large, yellow, with +red-purple centre; bracteoles 5-8. Leaves palmate, 3-5 lobed, +long-stalked. Capsule pointed, hispid, ultimately smooth. Epicalyx +of numerous subulate segments.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Jebel (Sudd).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn224-6" title="Hibiscus"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. corymbosus</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect, stellate-tomentose perennial, 2-3 ft. high. +Lower leaves deeply 3-lobed, upper simple, oblong-lanceolate. +Flowers yellow, crowded, corymbose. Epicalyx of 8-10 linear +segments.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: near Dogguru, & +Niamniam-land: Gumba & Bendo).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn224-7" title="Hibiscus"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. physaloides</span> <em>Guill.</em> & +<em>Perr.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb with somewhat irritant hairs. Flowers solitary, +pale yellow, with maroon centre, or purple. Leaves variable, +long-stalked. Epicalyx of about 10 filiform segments, shorter than +calyx. Capsule ovoid, beaked, hispid.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land, +Shambé); Mongalla Prov. (Gondokoro); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn224-8" title="Hibiscus"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. intermedius</span> <em>A. Rich.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">A weak herb with deeply 3-5 lobed glandular leaves, +pilose on the nerves, with weak hairs; flowers axillary, solitary, +pale-yellow with purple centre; pedicels ⅓ in. long. Epicalyx of 10 +linear bracts; capsule pubescent.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Has Has); Bahr el Jebel (Sheikh +Tombé).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn224-9" title="Hibiscus"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. rhabdotospermus</span> <em>Gärcke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Woody herb, downy or villose. Leaves cordate, ovate, +palmately 5-7 nerved. Epicalyx of 15-20 linear segments; corolla +yellow, 1 in. across. Capsule ovate, woody.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn224-10" title="Hibiscus"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. articulatus</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb with yellow flowers, up to 2 in. diameter. +Leaves short-stalked, rough, upper ones palmately 3-5-partite, +lower ones roundish. Epicalyx of 8-10 strap-shaped segments.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Upper White Nile +Prov. (Sobat mouth); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (between Wau & Deim +Zubeir); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn224-11" title="Hibiscus"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_131">[131]</span><span class="taxon bold">H. +surattensis</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Scrambling, prickly herb, with solitary, showy +pale-yellow flowers with a purple centre, 2-4 in. across. Epicalyx +of 10-12 linear-spathulate segments. Leaves palmately 3-5 lobed, +secondary nerves distinct.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Nabambisso River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn224-12" title="Hibiscus"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. lunariifolius</span> <em>Willd.</em> SHALIGA +(Kordn.) & MIMLIGADA (Fung)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tall herb, with showy yellow flowers, with dark +centre; bracteoles 5-7, linear, as long as sepals. Leaves ovate, +cordate, generally 3-5 lobed, coarsely serrate dentate, densely +tomentose with stiff stellate hairs.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; +Upper Nile Prov. (Renk).</p> + +<p class="p3">Yields a good fibre.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn224-13" title="Hibiscus"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. rostellatus</span> <em>Guill.</em> & +<em>Perr.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Prickly and hairy herb. Leaves cordate, angular, +palmately 5-lobed. Epicalyx of 10 linear segments, much shorter +than calyx and each provided at apex with a spoon-shaped appendix. +Flowers pink, rather large.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Nabambisso River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn224-14" title="Hibiscus"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. calycinus</span> <em>Willd.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Undershrub. Leaves downy to subglabrous, obtusely 3-5 +angled. Flowers solitary, large, yellow, with purple centre. +Epicalyx of 5 broadly spathulate, acute bracts, equal to the +5-nerved segments of calyx.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung & White Nile Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn224-15" title="Hibiscus"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. panduriformis</span> <em>Burm.</em> BUTNIEID +(Dilling)—Nuba.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bushy herb, up to 6 ft. high and covered with bristly +hairs. Leaves ovate, often somewhat 3-lobed, cordate, tomentose. +Flowers yellow with purple centre; bracteoles 7-10, connate below, +spathulate-linear.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli, Wad +El Abbas, & Jongol’s Post); Nuba Mountains Prov. (Dilling); +Mongalla Prov. (Bari country); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Ghabat El +Arab); Darfur Prov. (Kulme).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn224-16" title="Hibiscus"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. Grantii</span> <em>Mast.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect, villous undershrub. Leaves very short-stalked, +sub-cordate, somewhat wedge-shaped at base and slightly 3-lobed at +apex. Flowers numerous, in terminal leafy panicles. Epicalyx of 12 +linear bracts; petals pink.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn224-17" title="Hibiscus"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. Sabdariffa</span> <em>Linn.</em> KARKADE, KIRKEN or +JO (Darfur)—Arab; KOKORO (Kadugli)—Nuba; LAKBUR—Bari; TED (Ghabat +El Arab)—Nuer; NOMBA—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Erect annual or perennial. The cultivated plant +usually takes a deep red colour. Capsule ovoid, pointed. Leaves +entire or with shallow lobes.</p> + +<p class="p3">Generally cultivated, but occurs wild in Southern +Sudan.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_132">[132]</span> The fleshy +calyx is subacid and is used to prepare a refreshing drink. The +plant yields a strong, silky fibre; it is known as Rozelle or Red +Sorrel in the West Indies.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn224-18" title="Hibiscus"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. cannabinus</span> <em>Linn.</em> TIL—Arab; +N’ZEEBEE—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tall herb; all parts hairy. Flowers yellow with +maroon centre. Leaves deeply 5-7 lobed. Epicalyx of 5-7 segments. +Capsule pointed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); +White Nile; Upper White Nile, Kordofan; Bahr El Ghazal & Mongalla +Provinces.</p> + +<p class="p3">Two varieties are in cultivation, both are used for +the fibre which is made into Sagia ropes. The seeds yield an oil; +the leaves possess aperient properties.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn224-19" title="Hibiscus"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. micranthus</span> <em>Linn.</em> GHUBEISH (N. +Kordn.)—Arab. Undershrub with spreading branches and stellate +pubescence. Leaves 3-nerved, wedge-shaped at base, about 1 in. +long. Flowers ½ in. long, pink. Epicalyx of 7-8 linear segments. +Seeds numerous, cottony.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov.; White Nile Prov. (El Dueim); Kordofan +Prov.; Darfur Prov. (J. Sungur); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn224-20" title="Hibiscus"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. micranthus</span> <em>Linn.</em>, <span class= +"taxon bold">var.</span> ABUTKULA—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Procumbent herb, with white flowers, turning pink +after fertilisation.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Darfur Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn224-21" title="Hibiscus"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. ternatus</span> <em>Mast.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect branching herb. Leaves palmately 3-lobed, upper +leaves more deeply cut. Epicalyx none; calyx lobes 3-nerved; +corolla yellow, under 1 in. long. Capsule pointed, hairy. White +Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Mongalla Prov. (Sh. Tombé).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn224-22" title="Hibiscus"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. Solandra</span> <em>L’Herit.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall, woody herb, not unlike <i>Wissadula +rostrata</i> in general appearance. Leaves ovate to more or less +deeply 3-lobed, cordate, dentate-serrate. Flowers pink, ½ in. +across, in few-flowered terminal raceme; bracteoles none.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile Prov. (Geneib Assad).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn224-23" title="Hibiscus"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. sudanensis</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Woody, with prickly stems. Leaves triangular, +truncate at base, up to 6 in. long, dentate, glabrous above, +glabrescent or pubescent below. Flowers axillary, solitary or 2-3. +Bracteoles 10, linear.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn224-24" title="Hibiscus"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. esculentus</span> <em>Linn.</em> BAMIA & +WEIKAH—Arab; KWEINDE (Dilling)—Nuba; KARAN—Hameg; FOMAH +(Renk)—Dinka; BARA (Ghabat El Arab)—Nuer.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tall, erect, woody herb. Leaves long-stalked, +palmately 5-lobed. Corolla large, yellow, with purple centre. +Capsule 4-6 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_133">[133]</span>Cultivated. The young pods are used as a +vegetable, the stem yields a good fibre.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn225"><span class= +"sn">225</span><span class="taxon bold">Cienfuegosia +digitata</span> <em>Cav.</em> GUTUB & GID EL GUTN (N. Kordn.), +MĀNAGIGA (Meshra El Zeraf) and GUTN EL KHAL—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Hairy herb or undershrub, somewhat like a small +cotton plant. Leaves 5-lobed; ovary black punctate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (Fertangul & North Kordofan); Upper +White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn226"><span class= +"sn">226</span><span class="taxon bold">Thespesia near +Garckeana</span> <em>F. Hoffm.</em> NAJIKAR (J. Daier)—Nuba.</p> + +<p class="p2">Small tree. Leaves palmate, 3½ in. broad, +stellate-pubescent below. Capsule the size of a chestnut, seeds +hairy, said to be edible.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nuba Mountains Prov. (J. Daier).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn227"><span class= +"sn">227</span><span class="taxon bold">Gossypium arboreum</span> +<em>Linn.</em> <span class="taxon bold">var. rosea</span> +<em>Watt.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Cotton plant.</p> + +<p class="p2">Semi-cultivated in various parts of the country.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn227-2" title="Gossypium"><span class= +"taxon bold">G. Nanking var. Roji</span> <em>Watt.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">var. soudanensis</span> +<em>Watt.</em></p> + +<p class="p4">Semi-cultivated.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">var. Brouniana</span> +<em>Watt.</em> ALAS—Dinka.</p> + +<p class="p4">Mongalla Prov. (Kenissa).</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">var. Bani</span> +<em>Watt.</em></p> + +<p class="p4">Khartoum Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn227-3" title="Gossypium"><span class= +"taxon bold">G. obtusifolium</span> <em>Roxb.</em> <span class= +"taxon bold">var. africana</span> <em>Watt.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Suakin); White Nile, Kordofan & Darfur +Provinces.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">var. Wightiana</span> +<em>Watt.</em></p> + +<p class="p4">Darfur Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Bor).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn227-4" title="Gossypium"><span class= +"taxon bold">G. hirsutum</span> <em>Linn.</em> GUTN +AMERICANI—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Cultivated in northern provinces under irrigation and +as a rain crop in the south.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn227-5" title="Gossypium"><span class= +"taxon bold">G. peruvianum</span> <em>Cav.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Hybrids of this species are cultivated in the Central +Sudan under the name of Egyptian Cotton.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn227-6" title="Gossypium"><span class= +"taxon bold">G. cf. G. mexicanum</span> <em>Tod.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Two varieties with yellow and red flowers, +respectively, are found among native cultivation in the Fung +Province.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn227-7" title="Gossypium"><span class= +"taxon bold">G. purpurascens</span> <em>Poir.</em> GUTN ARABI, GUTN +MUMTAZ—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Found semi-cultivated in various parts of the +country.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn227-8" title="Gossypium"><span class= +"taxon bold">G. herbaceum</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (cultivated).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn227-9" title="Gossypium"><span class= +"taxon bold">G. brasiliense</span> <em>Macf.</em> ROKO—Zande. +Kidney Cotton.</p> + +<p class="p2">Stout, woody plant, up to 15 ft. high. Corolla, +calyx, ovary and bracts punctate. Seeds cohering; staple short. The +cotton is called RAMU by the Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal & Mongalla Provinces.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="euphorbiace"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_134">[134]</span>EUPHORBIACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn228"><span class= +"sn">228</span><span class="taxon bold">Synadenium Grantii</span> +<em>Hook. f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub, 8-10 ft. high. Leaves alternate, thinly +fleshy, oblanceolate or obovate, 3-7 in. long. Cymes axillary, +repeatedly forked. Invol. 2-sexual or male, ¼ in. diameter, +saucer-shaped with a red entire, spreading gland-rim, from the +inner edge of which spring 5 inflexed, fringe lobes, overtopping +the rim. Inside the invol. the stamens (male flowers) arranged in 5 +groups, separated by membranous walls; ovary (female flowers) when +present, central, stalked, with a rudimentary 3-crenate rim as +per., 3-lobed, as most common in this family; styles 3, deeply +bifid, recurved.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn229"><span class= +"sn">229</span><span class="taxon bold">Euphorbia +convolvuloides</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Bushy herb, 6-20 in. high, tomentose. Leaves +opposite, oblong or ovate-lanceolate, ⅓-1½ in. long, acute, +obliquely subcordate; stipules subulate, free or connate. Flowering +branchlets short, bearing clustered white or tawny minute +involucres; invol. differs from above by the rim-gland which is not +continuous but 4-lobed; gland-lobes entire or crenulate. Capsules +obtusely 3-angled, 1/12 in. diameter, tomentose, separating into 3 +lobes from the central axis, as in all this genus.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (J. Kon, Obeid).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn229-2" title="Euphorbia"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. hirta</span> <em>Linn.</em> ABULEBBEN—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Yellow hairy herb, 4-16 in. high, with milky juice as +in all this genus. Leaves opposite, obliquely lanceolate, or +rhomboid-oblong, or ovate, ⅓-2 in. long, serrulate. Cymes axillary +globose or divided into 2-3 globose heads; invol. crowded, minute, +rim-glands 4, with minute dorsal appendage. Capsules globose +3-angled, puberulous, minute.</p> + +<p class="p2">Khartoum Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">The root is said to be given to allay vomiting.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn229-3" title="Euphorbia"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. hypericifolia</span> <em>Linn.</em> MABLEBEN +(Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; GNIOR (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka.</p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, 3-18 in. high. Leaves opposite, from +linear-oblong to ovate, ¼-1½ in. long, usually denticulate. Cymes +axillary, ⅙-½ in. diameter; few or many-flowered. Invol. +cup-shaped, minute, rim-glands minute, appendaged, white; styles +deeply bifid.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: around Matamma); Khartoum +Prov.; Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); +Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); Bahr El +Jebel; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn229-4" title="Euphorbia"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. scordifolia</span> <em>Jacq.</em> MALBEINA HAMRA & +UMLEBEINA (Kordn.)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bushy, woolly herb. Leaves opposite, oblong or +oblong-elliptic, ¼-¾ in. long, obtuse, obliquely subcordate, +serrulate.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_135">[135]</span> Invol. +usually crowded along axillary, leafy branchlets. Flowers much as +above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Erkowit, Soturba); Blue Nile +Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Turra); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov.; +Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn229-5" title="Euphorbia"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. granulata</span> <em>Forsk.</em> LIBBEYN or +LIBBEIN—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Hirsute prostrate weed. Leaves opposite, oblong or +oblong-obovate, oblique at base, under ½ in. long. Infl. in short, +leafy axillary racemes. Invol. campanulate, green, minute; +rim-glands 4 or 3, appendages 2-3 lobed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Suakin); Kassala Prov. +(Gallabat); Berber Prov.; Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan +Prov. (Abu Gerad); Darfur Prov.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">var. glabrata</span> +<em>Boiss.</em> GONOIH (Halfa Prov.)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p4">Leaves glabrous above, pubescent beneath. Rim-glands +somewhat more petaloid than in type.</p> + +<p class="p4">Wadi Halfa (Islands); Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat.); +Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn229-6" title="Euphorbia"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. polycnemoides</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Bushy herb, glabrous. Leaves opposite, usually +minute, up to 1 in. long, linear to linear-oblong, often falcate, +mucronate, base unequal, sharply denticulate. Invol. solitary, +axillary spaced along branchlets, green or purplish, minute; +rim-glands 4, with or without a minute notched or 2-lobed +appendage. Seeds 4-angled rugose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma & Goz Regeb: J. +Erimbat); Kordofan Prov. (Obeid); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Dilling); Bahr +El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn229-7" title="Euphorbia"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. ægyptiaca</span> <em>Boiss.</em> MALBEINA & +UMLEBEINA (N. Kordn.)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Small prostrate herb. Leaves opposite, up to ½ in. +long, oblong, unequal at base, slightly toothed; stipules free +usually. Infl. in short leafy axillary racemes. Invol. minute +campanulate, open down one side for extrusion of capsules; +rim-glands 4, appendages minute or obsolete.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia (deserts & between Suakin & Berber); Red Sea +Prov. (Suakin, 21° N. Lat.); Dongola Prov. (Dongola to Merowe); +Berber Prov. (Abu Hamad, banks of the Nile & Mesherif); Khartoum +Prov. (Khartoum & Wad Shellai); Blue Nile Prov.; Kassala Prov. +(Gallabat); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">Used in native medicine as a purgative.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn229-8" title="Euphorbia"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. sanguinea</span> <em>Hochst.</em> & +<em>Steud.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Prostrate weed. Leaves opposite, under ½ in. long, +oblong or obliquely elliptic, very oblique at base, rounded at +apex, often with a red spot. Infl. as above; invol. campanulate, +minute; rim-glands 4, appendages narrow, usually 2-3 lobed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° N. Lat.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn229-9" title="Euphorbia"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_136">[136]</span><span class="taxon bold">E. +prostrata</span> <em>Ait.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small prostrate weed, puberulous on upper side. +Leaves up to ⅓ in. long, oblong to elliptic, more or less toothed, +rounded at apex. Infl. as above; invol. campanulate, minute; +rim-glands 4, minute, with appendage just exceeding the margin or +obsolete.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° N. Lat.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn229-10" title="Euphorbia"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. crotonoides</span> <em>Boiss.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect herb, 1-2 ft. high, with narrow wings decurrent +from short, flat petioles. Leaves alternate, except at forking of +flowering branches, linear to lanceolate, ¾-3 in. long, irregularly +serrate. Flowering branches raceme-like, 1½-8 in. long. Invol. +sessile or subsessile, solitary, woolly, pubescent; rim-glands 4, +distinctly stalked, entire, red or purple. Capsules with long, +soft, spreading hairs.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (El Obeid); Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn229-11" title="Euphorbia"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. bongensis</span> <em>Kotschy</em> & +<em>Peyr.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Bushy herb, up to 1 ft. high, with perennial rhizome. +Leaves alternate, linear, ½-1½ in. long. Invol. solitary, terminal, +minute, subsessile; rim-glands 4-5; 2-lipped or obliquely +funnel-shaped. Capsules velvety.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur River, Kutshook Ali’s +Zariba).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn229-12" title="Euphorbia"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. arabica</span> <em>Hochst.</em> & +<em>Steud.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect, glabrous annual. Leaves opposite, short +petiolate, linear, ½-1 in. long, straight or curved. Infl. on +axillary peduncle-like branchlets or on peduncles, up to ⅓ in. +long, with 2-3 invol. and sometimes one in axil at base; invol. +minute; rim-glands 4, minute, appendages inconspicuous or none.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (J. Waratab & 21° N. Lat.); Kassala +Prov. (Goz Regeb).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn229-13" title="Euphorbia"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. dracunculoides</span> <em>Lam.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect, glabrous annual, 3-12 in. high. Leaves +opposite above, alternate below, sessile linear or +linear-lanceolate, ⅓-2 in. long. Invol. solitary at forks or ends +of branches, minute; rim-glands minute, narrowly oblong or +half-moon shaped, 2-horned.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Soturba, Suakin 21° N. Lat.).</p> + +<p class="p3">It yields a clear oil, used as drying-oil and for +burning. The fruit is said to remove warts.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn229-14" title="Euphorbia"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. acalyphoides</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, 6-15 in. high. Leaves alternate, elliptic or +elliptic-oblong, ¾-1¾ in. long; petals ¼-1¼ in. long. Peduncles +axillary, shorter than petals, bearing 1-3 sessile invol., which +are minute; glands elliptic or elliptic-oblong, pubescent.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan & Darfur +Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn229-15" title="Euphorbia"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. macrophylla</span> <em>Pax.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial, 18 in. high. Leaves alternate, 3-5 whorled +at base of umbels; stem-leaves obovate to elliptic, 3-6 in. +long,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_137">[137]</span> whorl-leaves +varying from oblong to rhomboid or lanceolate. Umbels terminal, 3-5 +rayed, compound or simple by abortion, with 2-3 distant flowering +nodes; invol. ⅓ in. diameter; glands 5, ⅙ in. diameter, +elliptic-oblong, shortly 2-lipped.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn229-16" title="Euphorbia"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. schimperiana</span> <em>Scheele.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect herb, ½-4 ft. high. Leaves alternate, or with a +whorl of 3-5 under the umbel, ¾-3½ in. long, linear-lanceolate or +lanceolate, narrowed to base, sessile, glabrous. Cymes terminal, 3 +to many times forked, sometimes terminating in a 3-5 rayed umbel; +bracts opposite, sessile, ¼-1 in. long, triangular-ovate. Invol. +solitary sessile or nearly so, minute, cup-shaped; glands 4, +minute, somewhat half-mooned shaped, 2-horned.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Bunzaga).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn229-17" title="Euphorbia"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. arguta</span> <em>Soland.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, 3-15 in. high. Leaves alternate, sessile, +lanceolate or oblanceolate, serrate. Umbels 3-5 rayed, terminal or +axillary near the apex; rays up to 5 in. long, cymosely 2-4 times +divided. Invol. solitary, sessile, or nearly so, minute; glands 4, +minute, transversely oblong, entire.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia (Wadi Halfa).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn229-18" title="Euphorbia"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. agowensis</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Undershrub, with herbaceous branches. Leaves +alternate, with a whorl of 3 at base of umbel and opposite on its +branches, elliptic-obtuse, ½-1¼ in. long, denticulate. Umbels +terminal, 3-branched, 1-3 times forked or lateral and axillary, +1-10 in. long. Invol. in cymes of 3 at ends of umbel branches, +minute; glands 4, transversely oblong, minute.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn229-19" title="Euphorbia"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. cyparissioides</span> <em>Pax.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Bushy, glabrous herb, about 1 ft. high. From a +perennial root stock. Leaves alternate on stem and branches, +whorled or opposed under the cyme or umbel, sessile, linear, ⅓-1¼ +in. long. Invol. solitary or in subcapitate cymes, terminal, +minute. Glands 5, rarely 7, minute, margins straight or +creniculate. Capsules much exserted.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit, Deim Gudju, +Niamniam-land, at River Ibba).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn229-20" title="Euphorbia"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. cuneata</span> <em>Vahl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Woody shrub, up to 10-12 ft. high; branches +horizontal, often spine-tipped, glabrous or at first puberulous. +Leaves alternate, scattered and, on short secundary branches, +tufted, usually ⅓-1 in. long, linear-cuneate to cuneate-spathulate. +Cymes umbel-like, ⅓-⅔ in. long, axillary or terminal, with 1 or 3-5 +invols. with reduced leaves under cymes and invols. Invol. 1/5-1/4 +in. diameter, broadly cup-shaped; glands 5, peltate, concave, +elliptic or suborbicular, about 1/12 in. diameter. Capsules erect, +¼ in. diameter, puberulous.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_138">[138]</span>Red +Sea Prov. (J. Kuureb, J. Waratab, sea coast, 21° N. Lat., +Karora).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn229-21" title="Euphorbia"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. nubica</span> <em>N.E. Br.</em> JAGIA (J. +Daier)—Nuba.</p> + +<p class="p2">Unarmed green, early-leafless shrub, up to 6 ft. +high; branches alternate, cylindrical; leaf-scars prominent. Leaves +not seen. Umbels terminal of 5-7 simple rays, about ½ in. long; +bracts early deciduous, oblong, acute, ½ in. long, whorled at base +of umbel, and orbicular-obovate, ⅙ in. long, paired below the +invols. Invol. ¼ in. diameter, shallowly cup-shaped; lobes scarcely +toothed or ciliate, but sometimes bifid; glands 4, transversely +elliptic or orbicular. Capsules ¼ in. diameter, much exserted.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat.); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s +Post); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Daier); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Duli +Konga, 7,500 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn229-22" title="Euphorbia"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. consobrina</span> <em>N.E. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub of habit much as above. Leaves soon deciduous, +sessile, linear-lanceolate, acute, ⅙-¼ in. long. Umbel of 3, or +less, simple rays, up to ½ in. long, terminal, based by a whorl of +leaves. Invol. solitary, about ⅙ in. diameter, shallowly +cup-shaped, the 5 lobes subquadrate, subentire, slightly ciliate; +glands as above. Capsules slightly exserted, curved to one +side.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit, Wadi Teeke, between Suakin +and Berber).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn229-23" title="Euphorbia"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. scoparia</span> <em>N.E. Br.</em> KURKABAN & SHAGAR +EL SIM (Baggara)?—Arab; IMGEIL (Dilling)?—Nuba.</p> + +<p class="p2">Unarmed tree, 15-25 ft. high; branchlets alternate, +abundant, green, cylindrical, fleshy, ¼-½ in. thick, marked with +leaf scars. Leaves caducous, alternate, scattered below, clustered +at ends of branchlets, linear, sessile, about ½ in. long. Invols. +in dense sessile clusters, about ⅙ in. in diameter at tips of +branches, cup-shaped, minute; lobes 5, ovate subciliate; glands 5, +minute, transversely elliptic, entire. Ovary erect on stout pedicel +as long as invol.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov. (Dakhila, south of +Roseires); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Dilling)?</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn229-24" title="Euphorbia"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. venenifica</span> <em>Trém.</em> SHAGAR EL +SIM—Arab; RIS (Tagele)—Nuba; JIANGO—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bushy shrub, up to 7 or 8 ft. high, with fleshy, +cylindrical branches armed with conical prickles. Leaves deciduous, +3-11 in. long, narrowly lanceolate to oblong-cuneate, tapering into +the short petiole. Cymes solitary in axils of spine tubercles, ½-¾ +in. long including the short peduncle, once or twice forked, the +branches bearing 3 invols.; central invol. sessile, lateral short +pedicellate, about 1/7 in. diameter, cup-shaped, lobes 5, broadly +cuneate, fringed at top, rim-glands 1/12 in. diameter, transversely +oblong. Capsules deeply 3-lobed, erect, about ⅓ in. diameter.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_139">[139]</span>Fung +Prov. (Fazoghli); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur +Ghattas & Abu Gurun’s Zariba, Mittu: Dukutu, Niamniam-land); +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="p3">Used by natives for poisoning arrows.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn229-25" title="Euphorbia"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. Teke</span> <em>Schweinfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Very large tree; young branches fleshy, 4-angled, +about ½-¾ in. diameter, armed with geminate, diverging stipular +spines, about ⅙ in. long, blackish. Leaves glabrous, elongated +cuneate-obovate, 3-12 in. long, tapering into the ⅓-1 in. long +petioles. Cymes axillary, sessile, of 2-4 peduncle-like branches, +1½-2½ in. long, each with 2, about ½ in. long branches, each end +ending in a solitary sessile invol.; bracts under invol. nearly ¼ +in. long, ovate, deciduous. Invol. under ½ in. diameter, broadly +cup-shaped; lobes 5, broadly cuneate, fringed; glands 5, +transversely elliptic-oblong; ovary erect, glabrous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Yuru and Diagbe +Rivers).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn229-26" title="Euphorbia"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. triaculeata</span> <em>Forsk.</em> <span class= +"taxon bold">var. triacantha</span> <em>N.E. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Spiny, succulent, leafless bushy plant, 5-20 in. +high; stems with branches about ½ in. thick, usually 3-5 angled, +angles often prominent, with deep notches forming triangular teeth, +each margined with a horny shield bearing 1 straight needle-like +spine up to 1 in. long and 2 small prickles at its base. Cymes +small, solitary in axils of teeth, with 3 invols.; bracts +scale-like. Invol. minute; lobes 5-6 transversely rectangular, +fringed; glands united into a 5-lobed spreading rim; ovary not +exserted.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (J. Waratab & Khor Seterra).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn229-27" title="Euphorbia"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. monacantha</span> <em>Pax.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Succulent, much branched, very spiny, leafless plant, +4-8 in. high; stems about ½ in. thick, with several spiral series +of tubercles or tuberculate angles, each tubercle bearing 1 +spreading spine ⅓-¾ in. long, with or without a pair of minute +prickles at its base on a 3-lobed horny shield. Leaves scale-like, +deciduous. Invols. 3 together in axils of the shields, sessile or +nearly so, with a pair of oblong toothed bracts, cup-shaped, about +6⅛ in. diameter, lobes 5, cuneate; glands variable contiguous or +separated; ovary sessile.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Province (Suakin).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn229-28" title="Euphorbia"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. Thi</span> <em>Schweinfth.</em> ANKHAU—Hadendowa; +DAMBOTIT—Rashida.</p> + +<p class="p2">Succulent, spiny, leafless bush, 2-4 ft. high; +branches erect, up to about 2 in. diam., 4-6 angled, constricted at +intervals of 1-2½ in.; angles compressed, lobed by the +constrictions with continuous horny margins; spines varying from +⅙-¾ in., in pairs, diverging, ⅙-½ in. apart. Cymes solitary in +axils of spines, subsessile, with 3 invols.; bracts small, ovate. +Invol. ⅙ in. diam., lobes 5, cuneate, fringed; glands 5, +transversely oblong. Caps. ⅛ in. diam., partly exserted.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_140">[140]</span>Nubia +(Wadi Teeke, between Suakin & Berber); Red Sea Prov. (Sinkat).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn229-29" title="Euphorbia"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. abyssinica</span> <em>Gmelin.</em> SHAGAR EL +SIM—Arab; HEID—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tree with succulent, leafless branches, which are +ascending, forming a large crown and up to 8- (usually 6-) angled; +angles scolloped or crenate owing to frequent constrictions; spines +continuous on top of angles, in groups of 5 or 2, divaricate, about +½ in. long. Cymes crowded at top of branchlets; invol. with 5 +transversely-elliptic, yellow glands. Capsules with a distinct +3-lobed calyx at base, crimson streaked with white when ripe.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov.: Between Suakin & Berber; Bahr El Jebel +(Sudd country?).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn229-30" title="Euphorbia"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. Murieli</span> <em>N.E. Br.</em> SHAGAR EL +SIM—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Large tree with ascending, leafless and spineless +branches, forming a large crown; branches slightly constricted at +regular or irregular distances; constrictions all of same diameter; +angles 4, sometimes 5, margins even; spines 0; spine shields horny, +oblong, ¼-½ in. apart, not connected by horny border. Leaves +rudimentary, minute. Cymes numerous at top of branchlets; pedicels +½-1 in. long bearing, on branches ¼-⅓ in. long, 3 invols.; bracts +minute, suborbicular; invol. ¼ in. diameter; lobes 5, short; glands +5 erect, contiguous or nearly so, reniform, forming a lip. Capsules +exserted, curved to one side, ⅓ in. diameter.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Jebel.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn229-31" title="Euphorbia"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. Erythrææ</span> <em>N.E. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small, leafless, succulent, spiny tree; branches +ascending, candelabrum-like, 3-4 or 5-7 angled, irregularly +constricted; angles wing-like, up to about 1 in. broad, straight or +wavy; spines in pairs up to ⅓ in. long, on suborbicular shields +close together but not connected. Flowers and fruit not known.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia (between Suakin & Berber: Harassa valley).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn229-32" title="Euphorbia"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. calycina</span> <em>N.E. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Succulent, spiny, leafless tree, 30 ft. high; +branches 4-angled, wing-like, faintly sinuate, with small central +core; constrictions slight, 5-7 in. apart or more; spines up to ⅙ +in. long, in pairs ½-¾ in. apart, on oblong or suborbic. shields +which are not connected by horny border. Leaves scale-like. Cymes +on peduncles ½-¾ in. long, bearing a central, sessile, male invol. +and 2 lateral hermaphr., on short branches. Invol. about ¼ in. +diameter, shallowly cup-shaped; lobes 5, broad, fringed; glands 5, +subcontiguous, transverse reniform, 2-lipped with ends decurved. +Ovary exserted.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Meshra El Rek, Mittu-land: at +Legbi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn229-33" title="Euphorbia"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_141">[141]</span><span class="taxon bold">E. +Candelabrum</span> <em>Trémaut.</em> SHAGAR EL SIM—Arab; AURI (J. +Daier)—Nuba; BAKUNGI & FUFUMI—Bari; KAKOB—Bongo; BOL & BUAL (Bahr +El Jebel)—Dinka; BULL—Nuer.</p> + +<p class="p2">Armed tree with stem up to 3 ft. diameter, forming a +large crown of candelabrum-like habit; branchlets fleshy, 3-4 or +5-angled, not wing-like, constricted at intervals; core thicker +than in preceding; spines geminate, diverging, up to ⅙ in. long, on +rounded horny cushions which are not decurrent. Flowers and fruit +not known.</p> + +<p class="p2">Southern Sudan (on poor soil or rock).</p> + +<p class="p3">The milky juice is used for poisoning arrows.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn230"><span class= +"sn">230</span><span class="taxon bold">Bridelia +scleroneuroides</span> <em>Pax.</em> APIAT (Bahr El Ghazal)—Dinka; +INZI—Golo.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub or small tree; branchlets yellowish hairy. +Leaves alternate, oblong-elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, 1-5 in. +long, pubescent above when young, softly and densely pubescent +beneath; lateral nerves straight to the margin. Flowers monœcious; +male flowers small, numerous, subsessile in leaf-axils; sepals 5, +ovate; petals 5, broad-ovate, toothed at apex; stamens 5; female +flowers fewer or solitary: sepals as in male; petals +elliptic-ovate, thick, slightly bifid; styles 2, bifid. Drupe +globose, ¼ in. diameter, 2-celled.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur +Ghattas; Khor Tela).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn230-2" title="Bridelia"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. ferruginea</span> <em>Benth.</em> <span class= +"taxon bold">var. orientalis</span> <em>Hutchinson.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub or small tree; branchlets rusty, hairy. Leaves +elliptic, short-acuminate, 2-4 in. long, pubescent on nerves and +veins below; lateral nerves 11-13, unbranched to margin. Male +flowers: sepals 5, ovate-lanceolate, slightly hooded, pubescent +outside with long adpressed hairs; petals 5, minute, obovate, +toothed; stamens 5; disk thick, wrinkled. Female flowers: sepals as +in male; petals lanceolate, acute; disk bottle-shaped, enclosing +ovoid ovary, pubescent; styles 2, bipartite. Fruit ovoid-oblong, +1-celled.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Okel; Niamniam-land: +Nabambisso River); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Jebel +(Madi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn230-3" title="Bridelia"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. micrantha</span> <em>Baill.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Densely crowned tree, 20-40 ft. high; branchlets +rusty-tomentose when young. Leaves oblong-elliptic to obovate, 2-7 +in. long, shining above; lateral nerves 8-16, ascending and finally +forming a marginal nerve. Male flowers small, short-stalked; sepals +5, triangular, pubescent at base; petals 5, obovate-cuneate, +3-lobed or toothed. Female flowers sessile; sepals as above; petals +ovate entire; disk almost enclosing the ovoid ovary, densely pilose +outside; styles 2, 2-lobed. Fruit ovoid, ⅙-¼ in. diameter, +1-celled.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov, (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="p3"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_142">[142]</span>A +food plant of the African Silk Worm (<i>Anaphe infracta</i>) in +Uganda. The timber is white and very durable.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn231"><span class= +"sn">231</span><span class="taxon bold">Megabaria ugandensis</span> +<em>Hutchinson.</em> KAPAH—Kaliko.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tall tree; branchlets glabrous. Leaves alternate, +clustered towards ends of branchlets, broadly elliptic, 3-11 in. +long, glabrous. Infl. diœcious; male in glabrous panicles at ends +of branchlets, axis 6-8 in. long, bracts ovate-triangular, up to ⅙ +in. long; spikelets up to ½ in. long, each with a membranous bract +at base; calyx 5-partite, lobes broad-ovate; petals 5, small, +elliptic; stamens 5; disk-glands 5. Female infl. a panicle of +racemes; calyx and petals as in male; disk cupular; ovary and fruit +ovoid.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Deim Guju in Dar Fertit); +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn232"><span class= +"sn">232</span><span class="taxon bold">Amanoa +Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Baker</em> & <em>Hutchinson.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Monœcious, glabrous shrub, about 10 ft. high. Leaves +alternate, oblanceolate or oblong-elliptic, slightly emarginate, +shining above, 3-4 in. long. Flowers in axillary spicate clusters +on short lateral leafy branches. Male flowers several in each head; +sepals 5, ovate; petals 5, short, scale-like. Female flowers +solitary in each head.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mayob).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn233"><span class= +"sn">233</span><span class="taxon bold">Andrachne aspera</span> +<em>Spreng.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Monœcious diffuse, scabrous herb, about 1 ft. high, +from a perennial root stock. Leaves alternate, orbicular or +sub-reniform, ¼-¾ in. broad. Flowers axillary; male flower +fasciculate; sep. ovate-lanceolate, minute, 5-6; pet. 5-6, +equalling sep., lanceolate; disk-glands 5-6, opposite petals; +female flower solitary; sepals longer than in male, +oblong-lanceolate; pet. very small, lanceolate; disk-glands 5; +styles 3, 2-partite; ovary 3-celled. Capsule globose, ⅛ in. +diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Soturba, Suakin, 21° N. Lat.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn234"><span class= +"sn">234</span><span class="taxon bold">Antidesma venosum</span> +<em>Tul.</em> YUKDASHI—Golo.</p> + +<p class="p2">Diœcious, willow-like shrub or small tree. Leaves +alternate, elliptic or oblanceolate, up to 6 in. long, glabrous or +pubescent above and thinly pubescent to tomentose below. Male +spikes up to 6 in. long, silky; calyx 3-5 partite; pet. 0; stamens +3-5. Female racemes 1-5 in. long. Flowers pedicellate, ellipsoid, +glabrous about ⅓ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Damp places; Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Nuba Mts. Prov. +(Dar Nuba); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (moist ground near Khors: Dar +Fertit, Niamniam-land and Jur); Mongalla Prov. (Gigging).</p> + +<p class="p3">The juice is said to be substitute for collyrium.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn235"><span class= +"sn">235</span><span class="taxon bold">Mæsobotrya +floribunda</span> <em>Schweinfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Diœcious tree or shrub. Leaves alternate, elliptic, +3-6 in. long, shortly acuminate, margin remotely repand +denticulate; pet. ½-1¼ in. long, stout. Male racemes crowded in +leaf-axils, about 2 in. long; calyx 5-6 lobed, minute; pet. 0; +stamens<span class="pagenum" id="Page_143">[143]</span> 5-6 free; +disk-glands large, fleshy. Female racemes solitary or geminate, +axillary, about 3 in. long; cal. lobes ovate, imbricate; disk +cupular, short ovary ovoid, styles 2, short, bilobed. Flowers +ovoid, ¼ in. long, purple.</p> + +<p class="p2">Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land, Assika River).</p> + +<p class="p3">Wood yellowish white, works well, density 0.651; +suitable for joinery.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn236"><span class= +"sn">236</span><span class="taxon bold">Hymenocardia acida</span> +<em>Tul.</em> GARE & GERE—Bongo; KWANGE & GARA—Golo; AKAN—Jur; +BAGBODI—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tall, diœcious, apetalous shrub; branchlets rusty +puberulous. Leaves alternate, oblanceolate to elliptic-oblong, up +to 3½ in. long. Male flower in catkin-like spikes, up to 2½ in. +long; cal. cupular, shortly 5-lobed, pinkish; stamens 5; anthers +with a golden gland on the back near the top. Female flower in +axillary short racemes; calyx 5-8 partite, pubescent; ovary +glabrous, winged; styles 2. Fruit 2-winged, much like that of a +small maple.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nuba Mts. Prov. (Gurgus forest); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Jur, Dinka & Mittu-lands); Bahr El Jebel (Mongalla Prov. +southwards).</p> + +<p class="p3">The bark yields a red tan; it is also used by the +Bongos as an antiseptic.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn237"><span class= +"sn">237</span><span class="taxon bold">Drypetes (Cyclostemon) +Mildbrædii</span> <em>Hutchinson.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Large diœcious, apetalous shrub; bark light-grey; +branchlets angular, puberulous. Leaves alternate, oblong or +elliptic, shortly acuminate, 4-8 in. long, midrib and lat. nerves +pubescent. Flowers fasciculate on 2-year-old wood; pedicels very +short. Male flower sep. 4, suborbicular, ⅙ in. diam.; stamens 10, +free, inserted round the fleshy, lobed disk. Female flower sep. 4, +a little larger than male; disk annular, thick; ovary slightly +bilobed; stigmas flat, 2-fid.</p> + +<p class="p2">Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Yuru River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn238"><span class= +"sn">238</span><span class="taxon bold">Phyllanthus inflatus</span> +<em>Hutchinson.</em> <span class="taxon bold">sp. nov.</span></p> + +<p class="p2">Leafy branchlets arising from short scaly branchlets. +Leaves ovate-elliptic, 1¼ in. long, ¾ in. broad, glaucous. Fruit +large, bladder-like, 1½ in. long, crustaceous; stalks ½ in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Lado District: Kagi Ko, Yei +River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn238-2" title="Phyllanthus"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. reticulatus</span> <em>Poir.</em> +KOROPONGO—Golo.</p> + +<p class="p2">Erect or scrambling, monœcious, apetalous shrub, at +length nearly glabrous. Leaves alternate, oblong or elliptic, ½-1¼ +in. long; stip. lanceolate, acute. Male flower small, axillary, +fascicled; sep. 5, ovate-elliptic, 1-nerved; stamens 5, 2 or 3 of +the filaments connate, the others free and shorter; disk-glands 5, +obovate. Female flower solitary or few; sep. as in male and disk +also; ovary depressed globose; styles 3 short, erect. Fruit ¼ in. +diam., fleshy or coriaceous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Berber Prov. (Atbara: El Leya, Zeidab); Khartoum +Prov.; Blue Nile Prov. (Wad El Haddad); Kordofan Prov.; +Upper<span class="pagenum" id="Page_144">[144]</span> White Nile +Prov. (Kodok); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau, Mittu-land: Mvolo, +Niamniam-land); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Mongalla Prov. +(Kenissa).</p> + +<p class="p3">The roots yield a red dye. The leaves have diuretic +and cooling properties.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn238-3" title="Phyllanthus"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. floribundus</span> <em>Muell. Arg.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Armed monœcious trailing or climbing shrub. Leaves +alternate, ovate or ovate-elliptic, mucronate, ¾-3 in. long. +Racemes fascicled in axils of branchlets, up to 2 in. long, bearing +clusters of 2-3 male and 1 female flower. Male flower sep. 5, +oblong, minute, disk-glands 5, fleshy; stamens 5, free. Female +flower sep. soon deciduous; disk cupular; ovary ellipsoid; styles +4-5, bilobed. Fruit depressed globose, small.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land); Belgian Congo +(Niamniam-land: Diagbe River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn238-4" title="Phyllanthus"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. discoideus</span> <em>Muell. Arg.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub to tall tree, diœcious. Leaves ovate-elliptic +to obovate-oblanceolate, 1-4 in. long. Male flowers numerous, in +axillary fascicles; bracts large orbicular, deciduous; sep. 4, +obovate-oblong, very small; disk fleshy entire; stamens 4, free. +Female flower axillary, geminate; sep. 4, larger than male; disk +fleshy; ovary ellipsoid. Capsule 3-4 lobed, ⅓ in. diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn238-5" title="Phyllanthus"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. capillaris</span> <em>Schum.</em> & +<em>Thonn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Whitish pubescent monœcious shrub, 2-4 ft. high. +Leaves obovate or elliptic-obovate, ⅓-1 in. long, glaucous beneath. +Male flower axillary, fascicled; pedicels ¾ in. long; sep. 5, +minute, obovate; glands 5, fleshy; stamens 5, free. Female flower +mostly solitary; sep. 4-5, ovate-elliptic, minute; disk +saucer-shaped; styles 3, bipartite. Fruit depressed, globose, +minute.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land); Mongalla Prov. +(Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn238-6" title="Phyllanthus"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. nummulariæfolius</span> <em>Poir.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small monœcious shrub. Leaves obovate or +rounded-obovate, ¼-¾ in. long, otherwise as above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land): Sueh River & +Mt. Baginze); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn238-7" title="Phyllanthus"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. pentandrus</span> <em>Schum.</em> & +<em>Thonn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Woody monœcious herb, 18 in. high. Leaves +oblong-lanceolate or lin.-lanc., up to ¾ in. long. Male flower +axillary in lower leaves, 2-3 together; sep. 5, ovate, glands 5, +flat; stamens 5, free. Female flower solitary in axils of upper +leaves; sep. and disk as male; styles shortly bifid. Capsule +depressed-globose, minute.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Suakin 21° N. Lat.); Kordofan Prov. +(Rahad, Obeid, etc.); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Shambé).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn238-8" title="Phyllanthus"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_145">[145]</span><span class="taxon bold">P. +amarus</span> <em>Schum.</em> & <em>Thonn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Monœcious herb, 1 ft. high. Leaves oblong or +elliptic, ⅙-½ in. long; one male and one female flower in each leaf +axil. Male flower sep. 5, ovate, minute, glands small; stamens 3, +filaments connate. Female flower sep. larger than male; disk +5-lobed; styles 3, short, bifid. Capsule depressed 3-lobed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn238-9" title="Phyllanthus"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. maderaspatensis</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect monœcious herb or undershrub; flower branchlets +almost winged. Leaves lin.-lanceolate or oblanceolate, up to 1½ in. +long; stip. lanceolate and auricled about ⅛ in. long. Male and +female flower sometimes together in leaf axils, or female solitary, +much larger than males; ped. 1/12 in. Male flower, sep. 6, +oblong-lanceolate, minute; disk-glands 6, flat; stamens 3, +filaments connate. Female flower, sep. 6, 2-seriate ovate-elliptic; +disk of 6 flat glands; styles 3, bifid. Capsule 3-lobed, ⅛ in. +diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia (between Suakin & Berber); Kassala Prov. +(Gallabat: woods north of Matamma); Fung Prov. (Roseires & Jongol’s +Post); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (Abu Haraza); +Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf southwards); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="p3">An infusion of the leaves is used for headaches. +Cattle eat the leaves.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn238-10" title="Phyllanthus"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. prostrata</span> <em>Welw.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small prostrate, monœcious herb. Leaves elliptic, +spinescent at apex, ¼ in. long. Male flower axillary and geminate +in lower parts; sep. 6, oblong, minute; glands 6, orbicular; +stamens 3, filam. connate. Female flower solitary in upper parts; +sepals 6, in 2 rows oblong; disk annular; styles 3, bifid. Capsule +depressed globose, ⅙ in. diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Khartoum Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn238-11" title="Phyllanthus"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. odontadenius</span> <em>Muell. Arg.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Monœcious annual, 2-3 ft. high; branches winged. +Leaves oblong, ⅓-¾ in. long. Male flower axillary in lower +leaf-axils, few together; sep. 6, oblong, minute; glands minute; +stamens 3, filam. connate. Female flower solitary in upper leaf +axils; sep. 6, biseriate, larger than male; disk annular crenate; +styles 3, bilobed. Capsule enclosed by whitish persistent +sepals.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn238-12" title="Phyllanthus"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. Niruri</span> <em>Linn.</em> ERGANA (N. +Kordn.)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Erect branched monœcious herb, 1 ft. high, with fine +feathery foliage. Leaves oblong or oblong-elliptic, ¼-½ in. long. +Male flower solitary in lower parts of branchlets; sep. and glands +6 resp., small; stamens 3, filaments connate. Female flower +solitary in upper parts of branchlets; sep. 6, larger +than<span class="pagenum" id="Page_146">[146]</span> male; disk +flat, about 10-toothed. Capsule globose-trilobed, 1/10 in. +diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Khartoum Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol): +Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Mongalla Prov. +(Mongalla).</p> + +<p class="p3">The leaves are used medicinally for various +disorders.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn238-13" title="Phyllanthus"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. rotundifolius</span> <em>Klein.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Monœcious herb, 1 ft. high. Leaves rounded-obovate, +under ½ in. long. Two or three male and one female flower together +in each axil. Male, sep. 6, glands 6; stamens 3, filaments connate. +Female, sep. larger than male, ovate; disk crenulate, small; ovary +depressed globose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Suakin 21° N. Lat.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn239"><span class= +"sn">239</span><span class="taxon bold">Fluggea microcarpa</span> +<em>Blume.</em> DABALAB (Blue Nile)—Arab; MALI—Hameg; BUGGULTYEN +(Dilling)—Nuba.</p> + +<p class="p2">Diœcious, apetalous shrub or small tree, growing in +moist ground. Leaves alternate, elliptic or obovate, obtusely +pointed or emarginate, up to 2½ in. long. Male flowers numerous in +axillary fascicles; ped. ⅙ in.; sep. 5, unequal, largest 1/12 in. +long, obovate; disk-glands large and fleshy with 3 or 4 depressions +on outside; stamens 5, free. Female flower also in axillary +fascicles, numerous; sep. as male; disk annular; ovary ovoid; +styles 3, connate at base, bilobed, rarely absent. Fruit white, +depressed globose about ⅙ in diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gendua River & Goz Regeb); Fung Prov. +(Jongol’s Post); Upper White Nile Prov. (Tonga & Kodok); Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land); Bahr El Jebel.</p> + +<p class="p3">Wood reddish-yellow, close-grained, strong and +durable. The bark is astringent and is used as a fish poison.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn240"><span class= +"sn">240</span><span class="taxon bold">Croton lobatus</span> +<em>Linn.</em> UMDILEIDMĀN (N. Kordn.)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tall monœcious woody herb. Leaves digitately 3-5 +partite, 1-4 in. long, alternate, crenate, pet. up to 4 in. long. +Racemes axillary and terminal, up to 5 in. long, bearing female +flower below, male above, 2 ft. to each bract. Male flower, sep. 5, +greenish, minute; pet. 5; stamens 10-13. Female flower, sep. 5, ¼ +in. long, lin.-lanceolate, glandular-hairy; pet. 5, represented by +a minute hair each; disk shortly 5-lobed; styles 3, free, 6-7 +lobed. Capsule ¼ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Eliri); White Nile +Prov. (rocky hills); Kordofan Prov. (between Taiara & Gefil).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn240-2" title="Croton"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. polytrichus</span> <em>Pax.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub? Monœcious; branchlets rusty tomentose. Leaves +oblong-ovate or obl.-elliptic, acuminate, biglandular at base, 1-2 +in. long, stellate pubescent. Racemes stellately pubescent +terminal, 4 in. long, upper ⅔ male, female below. Male flower, sep. +5, minute; pet. 5, minute; disk-glands fleshy, suborbicular; +stamens 15. Female flower, sep. 5; pet. a tuft of hairs; disk +undulately lobed; styles 3, bilobed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Abu Gurun’s Zariba).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn240-3" title="Croton"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_147">[147]</span><span class="taxon bold">C. +niloticus</span> <em>Muell. Arg.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Diœcious shrub; stems and branches clothed with scaly +pubescence. Leaves dimorphic—of the young branchlets broadly ovate +or ovate-rhomboid, 2-4 in. long, digitately 5-nerved; of the older +branches 1 ft. long and broad deeply cordate, 7-nerved; pet. 1-6 +in. long. Male flower not known; female racemes axillary and +terminal, 3½ in. long; sep. 5, minute; pet. 0; disk saucer-shaped, +fleshy; styles deeply bilobed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn240-4" title="Croton"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. gratissimus</span> <em>Burch.</em> NIMARDAK (J. +Daier)—Nuba.</p> + +<p class="p2">Large monœcious shrub, twigs and under surface of +leaves covered with silvery scaly tomentum. Leaves alternate +ovate-lanceolate, 1-2 in. long. Racemes terminal, up to 2½ in. +long, bisexual. Male flower, sep. and pet. 5, ovate 1/10 in. long, +scaly; disk-glands thick, opposite the sepals; stamens 10-5. Female +flower, sep. and pet. 5; disk minute; ovary densely clothed with +fringed scales. Capsule ⅛ in. long, slightly 3-lobed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Daier, Talodi: Um Qualeet).</p> + +<p class="p3">A decoction is drunk for malaria, and also used as a +massage lotion in cases of fever.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn240-5" title="Croton"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. leuconeurus</span> <em>Pax.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Monœcious tree, 15-20 ft. high. Leaves ovate or +elliptic-ovate, 2-5 in. long, crenate-serrate with short stipitate +glands between the teeth. Racemes terminal, interrupted. Female +flowers few, mixed with males. Male flower hairy; sep. and pet. 5, +1/10 in. long; glands small and fleshy; stamens about 18. Female +flower, sep. 5, pet. rudimentary, pilose; disk fleshy; ovary +globose densely tomentose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: Mvolo).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn241"><span class= +"sn">241</span><span class="taxon bold">Jatropha tuberosa</span> +<em>Pax.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Monœcious, 1-2 ft. high; root tuberous. Leaves +sessile, upper deeply 3-lobed, 6 in. long, lower lanceolate, 3-5 +in. long, serrulate. Cymes terminal, dichotomous. Female flower +terminating each axis, male lateral; bracts ¼ in. long, +glandular-toothed; sep. 5, pet. 5, all minute; glands 5; stamens 8 +in 2 series, 3 inner filaments connate. Female flower, sep. and +pet. 5, larger than male; disks 5-lobed, lobes toothed; styles +bifid.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Mangob).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn241-2" title="Jatropha"><span class= +"taxon bold">J. melanosperma</span> <em>Pax.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Monœcious herb, 18 in. high. Leaves deeply 3-lobed to +subentire 2½-6 in. long, serrulate. Cymes small; flowers crowded, +much as above; seeds black, shining ¼ in. long; the bracts are +smaller and eglandular.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, +Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn241-3" title="Jatropha"><span class= +"taxon bold">J. lobata</span> <em>Muell. Arg.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Monœcious undershrub, about 1 ft. high. Leaves +digitately<span class="pagenum" id="Page_148">[148]</span> 3-5 +lobed, 1½-3 in. long and broad, serrate. Cymes few-flowered, 1 in. +diam.; bracts ¼ in. long, gland-toothed; sep. and pet. minute, +gland-toothed; glands small; stamens 8. Female flower, sep. and +pet. larger than male; disk 5-lobed. Capsule ½ in. long, +buff-coloured.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, etc.); Kordofan Prov. (Katul +Gumbara).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn241-4" title="Jatropha"><span class= +"taxon bold">J. aceroides</span> <em>Hutchinson.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small shrub. Leaves digitately 5-lobed, 1-4 in. long, +coarsely dentate. Cymes few-flowered. Male flower, sep. 1/10 in.; +pet. 1/5 in. long; glands large round contiguous; stamens 8; +filaments partially connate. Female flower, sep. larger than male; +pet. 0; disk deeply 5-lobed. Fruit not known.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Khor Ashat, Khor Gwob).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn241-5" title="Jatropha"><span class= +"taxon bold">J. Curcas</span> <em>Linn.</em> HABB-EL-MELUK +(Egypt)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Sappy shrub. Leaves 5-lobed or entire, ovate-rounded, +3½-5½ in. long and wide; pet. 3-7 in. long. Cymes shorter than +leaves. Male flower, sep. 1/7 in. long; pet. 2/9 in. long, pilose +within, connate below; disk-glands cylindric; stamens 8, 3 inner +connate. Female flower, sep. larger than male; pet. ¼ in. long, +pilose; disk deeply 5-lobed. Capsule ellipsoid, 1 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Introduced: Khartoum Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. +(Renk); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Deim Zubeir, planted by Marchand); +Bahr El Jebel.</p> + +<p class="p3">It is used as a hedge-plant. The seeds are poisonous +and act as a violent purgative. An oil is extracted from the seeds +which is used for making soap.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn241-6" title="Jatropha"><span class= +"taxon bold">J. glandulosa</span> <em>Vahl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub, 3 ft. high. Leaves 3-lobed, orbicular in +outline, 1-2½ in. long and wide, hairy, glandular-dentate; stip. +reduced to a mass of sessile glands. Cymes 2 in. diam.; bracts +glandular-toothed. Male flower, sep. pubescent, glandular-toothed, +minute; pet. 1/5 in. long, connate lower ⅔; disk-glands fleshy; +stamens 8, filaments connate half-way. Female flower, sep. +pubescent, gland-toothed; pet. 0; disk 5-lobed, fleshy.</p> + +<p class="p2">Between Suakin & Kassala (J. Iskeneib).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn241-7" title="Jatropha"><span class= +"taxon bold">J. gallabatensis</span> <em>Schweinfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves simple to 3-lobed, 2-3 +in. long; fimbriate-glandular-serrate; stip. fimbriate, glandular. +Cymes terminal, 1¼ in. diam.; bracts ¼ in. long, +stipitate-glandular. Male fl.: sep. toothed, minute; pet. ⅙ in. +long; disk-glands flat; st. 8, 3 inner connate. Fem. fl.: sep. +glandular-fimbriate, ⅙ in. long; pet. 5, ¼ in. long; disk 5-lobed. +Seeds pale, ⅓ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn241-8" title="Jatropha"><span class= +"taxon bold">J. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Pax.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Densely tomentose herb. Leaves 3-lobed to middle, 3-6 +in.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_149">[149]</span> long, serrate. +Cymes corymbose; peduncle up to 3 in. long. Male fl.: crowded; sep. +and pet. 5, small, obovate; disk-glands obovate; st. 8, 3 inner +connate. Fem. fl.: sep. lanceolate, pubescent outside, small; pet. +free, ⅙ in. long, disk 5-lobed. Caps. tomentose, ½ in. long; seeds +⅓ in. long, shining.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Bongo: Gir); +Bahr El Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn241-9" title="Jatropha"><span class= +"taxon bold">J. æthiopica</span> <em>Muell. Arg.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Soft, fulvous-haired herb, 9 in. high. Leaves +3-partite, up to 4 in. long and broad, sharply serrulate; stip. +glandular-fimbriate. Cymes 1½ in. diam. on 1½ in. long, stout +peduncles. Male fl.: sep. small, toothed above; pet. free, small; +st. 8, free. Fem. fl.: sep. ⅙ in. long, fimbriate; pet. 1/5 in. +long, free; disk 5-lobed, ovary ellipsoid.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Jur).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn242"><span class= +"sn">242</span><span class="taxon bold">Manniophyton +africanum</span> <em>Muell. Arg.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Diœcious shrub or climber; branches +scabrous-stellate. Leaves alt., from ovate to 2-3 lobed, 3½-6 in. +long; basal nerves 5; pet. up to 4 in.; stip. rigid, subulate, +small. Male panicles solitary or 2-3 together in upper axils, up to +10 in. long, rough stellate-hairy; fl. clustered; calyx lobes 5 +triangular, ⅛ in. long; pet. 5 connate, glabrous, 1/7 in. long; +disk glands small; st. 17-20, free. Fem. panicle smaller and fewer +flowered than male; cal. as male; cor. tomentose outside; disk +absent. Caps. deeply trilobed, ab. 1 in. long, rusty hairy.</p> + +<p class="p2">Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: near Um Yuru +River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn243"><span class= +"sn">243</span><span class="taxon bold">Caperonia serrata</span> +<em>Presl.</em> LASAKWA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">An erect, monœcious, hispid annual. Leaves +narrow-lanceolate, sharply serrate, 2-4 in. long, glabrous or +nearly so. Racemes axillary 2-4 in. long, nearly glabrous; upper +fl. male, lower fem., all solitary to a bract. Male fl.: calyx +lobes 5, ovate-triangular; pet. 5, spathulate-oblong, subequal; st. +10, connate below, 2-seriate above, disk 0. Fem. fl.: sep. 8-10, +unequal, inner larger; pet. 5, shorter than inner sep. Caps. ¼ in. +wide; accrescent sepals 1/10-1/8 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. +(Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; +Upper White Nile Prov.; Sobat River (Nasser); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Jur: Abu Gurun’s Zariba).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn244"><span class= +"sn">244</span><span class="taxon bold">Chrozophora plicata</span> +<em>A. Juss.</em> <span class="taxon bold">var.</span> (α) +<span class="taxon bold">typica</span> <em>Prain.</em> TERBA (Blue +Nile), AKASA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; GHANEM (Meshra El +Zeraf)—Dinka.</p> + +<p class="p2">Prostrate branching herb, with thick root stock. +Leaves nearly orbicular or subtrilobed, margin undulate, plicate, +ab. 1 in. long, woolly. Racemes monœcious, axillary dense, upper +fl. male. Male fl. calyx 5-lobed valvate; pet. 5, pink;<span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_150">[150]</span> st. 12-15 connate below, +3-seriate above. Fem. fl.: calyx 5-lobed, pet. 5; disk-glands alt. +with petals. Caps. 3-coccous, red-purple, ⅓ in. wide, +pubescent.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Dongola Prov.; On river banks and depressions +on cotton soil in most parts of the Sudan; Blue Nile Prov. (Wad +Medani, Sennar, Abu Surga); White Nile Prov. (Geteina & Salati); +Kordofan Prov.; Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Nuer District).</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">var.</span> (β) <span class= +"taxon bold">obliguifolia</span> <em>Prain.</em></p> + +<p class="p4">Leaves up to 2 in. Petals yellow.</p> + +<p class="p4">Nubia; Dongola Prov.; Berber Prov. (near Shendi); +Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Kordofan +Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">The fruit yields a blueish dye. A strong fibre is +yielded by this plant but it is not easily detachable. The seeds +and leaves have purgative properties.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn244-2" title="Chrozophora"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. oblongifolia</span> <em>A. Juss.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Bushy white or tawny herb or undershrub. Leaves +ovate-rhomboid or oblong to lanceolate, margins sublobed, 1-4 in. +long. Racemes as above. Male fl.: calyx as above; pet. +yellowish-white; st. 5-10, 1-2 seriate. Fem. fl. much as above, but +pet. linear. Caps. 2-coccous, blue-purple, ½ wide, scaly and with +fringed margins.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (hills & sea-coast).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn244-3" title="Chrozophora"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. brocchiana</span> <em>Vis.</em> <span class= +"taxon bold">var.</span> (α) <span class="taxon bold">typica</span> +<em>Prain.</em> AGASSIR (Kordn.) & TARBA (Darfur)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Woolly herb or undershrub. Leaves rhomboid or ovate, +¾-1½ in. long, margin undulate, often 3-lobed, velvety. Racemes +very dense, sessile. Male fl.: calyx pubescent; pet. yellow; st. +5-10, 1-2 seriate. Fem. fl.: sep. and pet. ¼ in. long. Caps. +3-coccous, white, tinged violet, ⅓ in. wide, scaly.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Dongola Prov. (Debba); Kassala Prov.; Khartoum +Prov.; Blue Nile Prov. (Sennar); Kordofan Prov. (Abu Garad, +Goghan); Darfur Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El +Zeraf).</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">var.</span> (β) <span class= +"taxon bold">Hartmanni</span> <em>Schwfth.</em> ATTARR +(Kordn.)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p4">Leaves rather larger, 1-2 in. long, margin distinctly +3-lobed; long spreading stellate hairs on both surfaces.</p> + +<p class="p4">Berber Prov. (Saggaddi); Between Atbara & Red Sea +Prov.; Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn245"><span class= +"sn">245</span><span class="taxon bold">Manihot utilissima</span> +<em>Pohl.</em> BABWA (sweet var.) & BAZMANGI (bitter +var.)—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">The Manioc or Cassava.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub or tall woody herb with tuberous roots and 3-7 +lobed leaves.</p> + +<p class="p2">Cultivated on the Bahr El Jebel and the southern +portion of the Bahr El Ghazal.</p> + +<p class="p3"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_151">[151]</span>It is +cultivated for its tubers which are eaten when cooked. The juice of +the uncooked tuber is poisonous. The tubers also yield tapioca.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn246"><span class= +"sn">246</span><span class="taxon bold">Cephalocroton +cordofanus</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Monœcious undershrub, highly aromatic when young. +Stems and leaves stellate- and often glandular-pubescent when +young. Leaves alternate, ovate-cordate, dentate, ½-2 in. long. Male +perianth 4-lobed, hairy, st. 8; fem. perianth 4-lobed, lobes +bi-tri-pinnatipartite, ovary 3-lobed, tomentose, styles 3, many +times divided.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Kassala Prov. (North of Meharrakat & Gedaref, +Matamma); Atbara River (Hillet Idris); Fung Prov. (Roseires, +Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov.; Bahr El +Jebel.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn247"><span class= +"sn">247</span><span class="taxon bold">Erythrococca +bongensis</span> <em>Pax.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Diœcious, apetalous shrub, 2-6 ft. high. Leaves alt., +short-petioled, ovate, base cuneate, margin obscurely crenate, 1-2 +in. long; stipules accrescent, usually spinulose. Male fl. minute, +in sessile glomerules; per. 3-lobed; sta. 9-12; fem. fl. not +known.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Gurfala).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn247-2" title="Erythrococca"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. africana</span> <em>Prain.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Diœcious shrub; bud-scales persistent. Leaves alt., +short-petioled, ovate, acuminate, 2-2½ in. long, margin faintly +crenate; stipules minute, scarious. Fl. small, in slender-peduncled +racemes. Male fl. per. 4-lobed, green; st. 24, filaments shorter +than anthers. Fem. fl. per. deeply 2-lobed. Ovary usually 2-celled; +stigmas connate at base, papillose. Caps. didymous, rarely +3-coccous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn247-3" title="Erythrococca"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. flaccida</span> <em>Prain.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub or small tree; bud-scales persistent. Leaves +ovate, acuminate, base cuneate, denticulate, pubescent; stip. +scarious, minute. Fl. small, in slender-peduncled racemes, male up +to ½ in. long, female 1¼ in. long, 12-16 flowered.</p> + +<p class="p2">Male per. 4-lobed; st. ab. 34; fem. per. 2-lobed; +ovary 2-celled, stigmas linear-ovate, at length recurved. Caps. +didymous; seeds with red aril.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the +Nabambisso River); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn248"><span class= +"sn">248</span><span class="taxon bold">Micrococca +mercurialis</span> <em>Benth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Sparingly hirsute annual, ½-2 ft. high. Leaves alt., +except the lowest, petioles ½-⅔ in. long; limb oblong or ovate or +ovate-lanceolate, 1-2 in. long, margin bluntly toothed. Racemes +slender, axillary, 2-3 in. long. Male fl. minute, per. 3-lobed; st. +usually 6, 2-seriate, sometimes up to 20, multiseriate; fem. per. +3-partite; styles short, fimbriate. Caps. 2-4-coccous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Mbomo on the +River Lessi).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn249"><span class= +"sn">249</span><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_152">[152]</span><span class="taxon bold">Acalypha +Grantii</span> <em>Baker</em> & <em>Hutchinson.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub ab. 6 ft. high, probably diœcious. Leaves alt., +ovate, acuminate to caudate, rounded or subcordate, digitately +5-nerved at base, 2-2½ in. long, coarsely serrate; pet. ½-1¼ in. +long; stip. linear, deciduous. Male fl. not known. Fem. spikes +terminal, ab. ¾ in. long; bracts small, minutely toothed; sep. 3, +ovate, ciliate above; ovary 3-celled, pilose above; styles 3, +purple, deeply laciniate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Sabbi); Bahr El Jebel +(Madi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn249-2" title="Acalypha"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. paniculata</span> <em>Miq.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Monœcious herb, 2-5 ft. high; stems densely pilose +above. Leaves ovate, subcordate or truncate and 5-nerved at base, +sparingly bristly on both sides, coarsely crenate-serrate, 1½-3½ +in. long; pet. 1-3½ in. long; stip. subulate. Male racemes +solitary, axillary, 2½-5 in. long; buds small, 4-lobed; st. 8? Fem. +fl. in terminal oblong panicle 6-8 in. long; branches simple up to +2½ in. long, a few male fl. at the base of each; sepals 5; ovary +slightly 3-lobed with wart-like lumps; styles deeply 4-6 +partite.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso +River); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn249-3" title="Acalypha"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. senensis</span> <em>Klotzsch.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Monœcious shrub or undershrub; stems angular or +deeply grooved, usually hirsute. Leaves linear-lanceolate to +lanceolate, gradually acuminate, cordate and 5-nerved at base, +serrate, 1¼-7 in. long; pet. ½-1¼ in. long. Male spikes axillary, +¾-2½ in. long. Fem. spikes terminal, ¾-1¼ in. long; bracts +suborbicular, deeply 7-10 toothed; sep. 4; ovary 3-4 lobed; styles +3-4, slightly connate at base, purple, slightly laciniate, ab. ½ +in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, +Niamniam-land; Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn249-4" title="Acalypha"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. ornata</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Monœcious undershrub or woody herb; branches somewhat +grooved and hirsute. Leaves ovate, caudate, 5-nerved at base, +coarsely serrate, sparingly pilose on nerves, 2-4½ in. long; pet. +½-2½ in. long; stip. subulate. Male infl. axillary, solitary, +slender, 1½-2 in. long. Fem. infl. terminal, solitary, 2-3½ in. +long; bracts ovate-rhomboid, acuminate, ¼ in. long, 1-flowered, +toothed. Ovary 3-lobed, pilose above; styles 3, laciniate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Gindua River); Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Kulenjo).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn249-5" title="Acalypha"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. villicaulis</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Monœcious herb from a woody root stock; stems angular +hirsute. Leaves linear-lanceolate to ovate, hirsute, acuminate, +cordate and 5-7 nerved at base, crenate-serrate, 1½-4½ in. long; +pet. ½-2½ in. long, hirsute, often with 2 glands at +apex.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_153">[153]</span> Male infl. +axillary, solitary, peduncled, 1½-2½ in. long. Fem. spikes 1-3 +together at end of each shoot; bracts small, toothed, pubescent; +sep. coriaceous ovate, pilose on back. Ovary densely pilose; styles +3, laciniate, ab. ⅓ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: on the banks of the Gendua +River); Darfur Prov. (Kulme 3,600 ft.); Upper White Nile Prov.; +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn249-6" title="Acalypha"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. fruticosa</span> <em>Forsk.</em> RIKTUDA—Rashida; +MŪT—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub. Leaves alt., ovate, shortly acuminate, usually +abruptly cuneate, also 3-5 nerved at the base, crenate to serrate, +up to 4 in. long and bearing golden-coloured glands on lower +surface. Infl. axillary, up to ½ in. long, consisting of 2-3 +unilateral dentate bracts each containing a solitary fem. fl. and +of a very short terminal male spike; ovary with golden glands; +styles 3, much branched.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Karora); Bahr El Jebel.</p> + +<p class="p3">The leaves are used in India as a stomachic in +dyspepsia and in cholera.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn249-7" title="Acalypha"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. brachystachya</span> <em>Hornem.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Slender monœcious annual, 6-12 in. high. Leaves +ovate, shortly acuminate, cordate or rounded and 5-7 nerved at +base, serrate, ½-1½ in. long; pet. ½-1¾. long. Infl. bisexual, +short, axillary, solitary or geminate, of 6-9 fem. fl. below, and +male fl. in short, dense terminal cluster; axis pubescent. Fem. +bracts tripartite; sep. 3; ovary bristly; styles slender, +laciniate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn249-8" title="Acalypha"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. psilostachya</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb or undershrub; stems hirsute when young. Leaves +ovate or rhomboid, acutely caudate, rounded or cordate and 5-7 +nerved at base, 2-3½ in. long, serrate, bristly on both surfaces. +Infl. bisexual, axillary, solitary, 1-3 in. long, of 3-4 fem. fl. +near the base, otherwise male. Fem. bracts 5-lobed; sep. 3, ovate; +ovary hirsute; styles 3, ¼ in. long, laciniate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn249-9" title="Acalypha"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. hochstetteriana</span> <em>Muell. Arg.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Monœcious annual, up to 2 ft. high, sparingly hairy. +Leaves lanceolate or elliptic, slightly acuminate, 3-5 nerved at +base, ¾-3 in. long, crenulate, pellucid-dotted. Male spikes +solitary in each leaf axil together but separate from a solitary +fem. fl. Male fl., sep. 4. Fem. fl., bract small, saucer-shaped; +sep. 3; ovary warted; styles short, laciniate.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn249-10" title="Acalypha"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. ciliata</span> <em>Forsk.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Monœcious herb, ab. 3 ft. high; stem grooved, shortly +pubescent. Leaves ovate, caudate, 5-nerved at base, 1½-4½ in. long, +crenate-serrate, slightly scabrous; pet. 1-3½ in. long.<span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_154">[154]</span> Infl. bisexual, axillary, +solitary or in pairs, ¾-1 in. long, with ab. 10 fem. fl. in the +lower part, upper part male, spicate. Fem. bracts suborbicular, +laciniate-toothed, ribbed; sep. 3, small; ovary slightly pubescent; +styles 3, slender, laciniate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. +(Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn249-11" title="Acalypha"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. glomerata</span> <em>Hutchinson.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect branched herb; stem sulcate pubescent with +short and with gland-tipped hairs. Leaves ovate- to +rhomboid-elliptic, obtuse, 5-nerved at base, 1-2½ in. long, +crenate, rough-pubescent; pet. quite as long as leaves. Infl. +monœcious, crowded in clusters at ends of branches. Fem. bracts +small, sub-reniform, with 8-10 triangular gland-tipped teeth, +crowded; sep. 3, ciliate; ovary 3-lobed, pubescent; styles short, +slender, divided almost to the base.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Addai & Gir).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn249-12" title="Acalypha"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. crenata</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, up to 18 in. high; stem grooved, +short-pubescent. Leaves ovate, 5-nerved at base, 1-2 in. long, +crenate, glabrous; pet. at least as long as leaves. Infl. bisexual; +fem. fl. crowded at base and a few abortive ones at tip, male fl. +in between, few. Fem. bracts ciliate, not gland-tipped; ovary +pilose, styles 3, laciniate, slender.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn249-13" title="Acalypha"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. indica</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect, almost unbranched herb, up to 3 ft. high, +shortly pubescent and angular. Leaves lanceolate- to +rhomboid-ovate, acute, cuneate and 5-nerved at base, 1-2½ in. long, +serrate, glabrous except on nerves; pet. usually longer than blade. +Infl. bisexual, axillary, solitary, or in pairs, up to 2½ in. long +with 1-7 distant fem. fl. below and few terminal male fl., with 1 +abortive fem. fl. at tip. Fem. bracts 1-2 flowered, suborbicular, +up to ⅓ in. broad, with 10-12 triangular teeth; sep. 3; ovary +deeply 3-lobed, pilose; styles short, laciniate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Khartoum Prov.; +Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf).</p> + +<p class="p3">The roots, leaves and tender shoots are used in India +for various disorders. The juice of the plant is esteemed as an +emetic for children.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn249-14" title="Acalypha"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. bipartita</span> <em>Muell. Arg.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Climbing shrub, branches angular. Leaves ovate, +acuminate, rounded or subcuneate and digitately 15-nerved at base, +1¼-2½ in. long, serrate, densely pubescent on nerves below; pet. +½-¾ in. long, pubescent. Infl. bisexual, axillary, solitary, +pedunculate; ped. ab. 1 in. long with a fem. 2-fl. bract slightly +above middle, upper part male, spicate, 1-1½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn250"><span class= +"sn">250</span><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_155">[155]</span><span class="taxon bold">Lepidoturus +laxiflorus</span> <em>Benth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Diœcious shrub or small tree. Leaves oblong, +acuminate, rounded and 3- (rarely 5-) nerved at base, 3-5 in. long, +closely crenate, shining and glabrous above, long hairy on nerves +below; pet. 1-1½ in. long. Male spikes numerous from below the +leaves, at length 2-3 in. long; bracts scarious, ovate; calyx +usually 4-lobed; st. 8, filam. slightly connate at base. Fem. +spikes few-flowered; calyx 3-5-sect; ovary 3-celled, pubescent; +styles long, slender, simple; capsule 3-dymous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River +& Linduku River & Kulenjo).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn251"><span class= +"sn">251</span><span class="taxon bold">Alchornea cordifolia</span> +<em>Muell. Arg.</em></p> + +<p class="syn"><i>A. cordata</i> Benth.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub or small tree, erect or half-climbing. Leaves +broadly ovate, cordate, 4-8 in. long. 3-6 in. broad, subentire, +with a gland in the axil of each nerve at the base. Male spikes in +copious axillary panicles. Styles 2. Fruit puberulous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn251-2" title="Alchornea"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. glabrata</span> <em>Prain.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub or tree, up to 40 ft. high. Leaves alt., almost +subsessile, oblong or oblong-oblanceolate, acute, narrowed to base, +entire or crenate, 4-6 in. long, with 1-2 pairs of glands at or +near the base below. Infl. diœcious. Male spikes panicled, +terminal; calyx 4-lobed; st. 8 or less, free or slightly connate at +base. Fem. spikes simple, terminal; calyx-lobes usually 4 (to 6); +caps. 3-celled, smooth, ⅓ in. across; styles simple, linear.</p> + +<p class="p2">Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Yuru River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn252"><span class= +"sn">252</span><span class="taxon bold">Neoboutonia +macrocalyx</span> <em>Pax.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Diœcious tree, up to 65 ft. high. Leaves +cordate-orbicular, 5-7 nerved at base, 8 in. long, hoary-stellate +and sparsely lepidote on nerves beneath; stip. lanceolate, under ½ +in. long. Male fl. copiously panicled, nearly ¼ in. across; calyx +2-fid, stellate pubescent; sta. ab. 30, connective of anther with a +terminal gland. Fem. fl. in simple or sparingly branched racemes, ¾ +in. wide; sep. 5, accrescent, connate below; styles 2-fid, rather +broad; caps. 3-coccous, ½ in. across. Mongalla Prov. (Yei +River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn252-2" title="Neoboutonia"><span class= +"taxon bold">N. canescens</span> <em>Pax.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Diœcious tree, 25-40 ft. high; twigs rusty-scurfy. +Leaves petioled, orbicular-cordate, acute, entire, 5-7 nerved at +base, 4-8 in. long, sparingly stellate-scurfy on main nerves above, +beneath closely adpressed scurfy. Male fl. copiously panicled; +calyx glabrous; sta. ab. 20, filaments hardly longer than anthers; +connective usually with 3 apical glands. Fem. fl. in copiously +branched racemes, small; ovary with tufts of stellate hairs; styles +narrow with 2 linear lobes. Caps. 3-coccous, brown-scurfy, ¼ in. +across.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_156">[156]</span>Bahr +El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn253"><span class= +"sn">253</span><span class="taxon bold">Mallotus +oppositifolius</span> <em>Muell. Arg.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Diœcious shrub, 6-12 ft. high. Leaves opp., +ovate-acuminate or acute, cordate or obtuse and 3-nerved at base, +6-7 in. long, somewhat sinuate-dentate, rusty-stellate on nerves +and glandular beneath. Racemes axillary, rachis rusty-pubescent. +Male 4-5 in. long; fl. glomerate; calyx 4 (-5) valved; sta. +numerous, free, purple. Fem. in fl. 2½-3 in. long; sep. 4-5; ovary +3-celled, globose; stigmas plumose. Caps. 3-coccous, ¼-⅓ in. +wide.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso +River, Dar Fertit: Biri River near Deim Zubeir, Bongo-land: Baiko); +Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Diagbe River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn254"><span class= +"sn">254</span><span class="taxon bold">Macaranga +Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Pax.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Armed diœcious shrub to lofty tree; spines on stem +and branches. Leaves alt., ovate, shallow lobed, irregularly +toothed, 6-18 in. long; base narrowly deep-cordate and with a pair +of glands at junction with petiole; pet. 8-16 in. long; stip. +ovate, 1¼ in. long. Male fl. in lateral panicles, fascicled in +axils of fallen leaves; sta. 2-5. Fem. fl. in short lateral +racemes; ovary glabrous, 2-3 celled; stigmas spreading; caps. +2-coccous; cocci ½ in. across.</p> + +<p class="p2">Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Yuru & Diagbe +Rivers).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn255"><span class= +"sn">255</span><span class="taxon bold">Ricinus communis</span> +<em>Linn.</em> <span class="taxon bold">var. genuina</span> +<em>Mull. Arg.</em> HURUA or KHIRUWI—Arab; BULLAS—Hadendowa; BOMBŌR +(Dilling) & PWA (Kadugli)—Nuba; HOLLOLA or SHUNSHUMUT—Hameg; +FAP—Nuer; BUNGA—Zande. The Castor-Oil Plant.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tall herb or shrub, with deeply 7 or more lobed +palmate leaves. Fl. in large pyramidal panicles, males below, fem. +above. Caps. prickly; seeds mottled.</p> + +<p class="p2">Semi-wild on river banks; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile +Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Jebel.</p> + +<p class="p3">The seeds yield the Castor-Oil of commerce. The +leaves, pounded into a paste, are applied externally for +headaches.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">var. africana</span> +<em>Muell. Arg.</em></p> + +<p class="p4">Fruit with only few prickles.</p> + +<p class="p4">Khartoum Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (J. Kōn).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn256"><span class= +"sn">256</span><span class="taxon bold">Dalechampia scandens</span> +<em>Linn.</em> <span class="taxon bold">var. cordofana</span> +<em>Muell. Arg.</em> DEMCHIRAI (Meshra El Zeraf) & ABULISEIG (N. +Kordn.)—Arab; GADIANG (or AGADIANG) (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka.</p> + +<p class="p2">Slender, monœcious climber; stem pubescent; leaves +deeply 3-5 partite; lobes rather wide-oblong, acute or obtuse; base +cordate, 5-7 nerved; length 2-5 in. Fl. in dense, long peduncled +axillary heads, subtended by a pair of yellowish, ½-¾ in. long and +broad bracts.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Goz Regeb); Khartoum Prov. (J. +Malakhit);<span class="pagenum" id="Page_157">[157]</span> White +Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (Obeid to Melbes); Upper +White Nile Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Bor, Dinka-land).</p> + +<p class="p3">It is used for scorpion stings.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn257"><span class= +"sn">257</span><span class="taxon bold">Tragia cannabina</span> +<em>Linn. f.</em> DEMCHIRAI (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; MADIAB-DIAB +(Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka.</p> + +<p class="p2">Sub-erect or rambling herb, 2-5 ft. high, sometimes +hispid with white, stinging hairs. Leaves alt., deeply 3-partite, +sometimes 5-partite at base, sometimes without lateral lobes, +central lobe oblong, 2½ in. long, margin lobulate; nerves bristly; +pet. ¼-½ in. long. Racemes bisexual, leaf-opposed, 1-2 in. long on +naked, bristly 2-3 in. long peduncles; male fl. rather lax, +numerous, fem. fl. 2-3 below the male; bracts lanceolate, small. +Male sep. 3, ovate; sta. 3. Fem. calyx segm. 6, with dense white +bristles, accrescent later. Ovary bristly; styles 3, connate in +lower half. Caps. 3-coccous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Upper White Nile Prov. +(Meshra El Zeraf); Sobat River (Nasser); Bahr El Jebel (Shambé and +Bari country); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">var. Brouniana</span> +<em>Prain.</em></p> + +<p class="p4">Herb, 4-6 in. high, hispid, and with white, stinging +hairs. Leaves short-petioled, deeply 3-partite, narrow-lanceolate, +central lobe 2 in. and lateral ½ in. long; margin sparingly +toothed. Racemes terminal, occasionally leaf-opposed, under 1 in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p4">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post, Saoleil); Up. White Nile +Prov. (Kaka); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Kadugli).</p> + +<p class="p5">The root is chewed and applied to scorpion +stings.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">var. intermedia</span> +<em>Prain.</em></p> + +<p class="p4">Stems erect or sub-erect, 2-3 ft. high, glabrous or +pubescent, beset with white, stinging hairs. Leaves distinctly +petiolate, the lowest 3-partite, the upper sometimes all without +lateral lobes, central lobe lanceolate, 3½ in. long, sparingly +sharply toothed. Racemes leaf-opposed.</p> + +<p class="p4">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); White Nile (Dinka +country).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn257-2" title="Tragia"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. tripartita</span> <em>Schwfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect herb, 1½-2 ft. high, woody below; stem with +sparse stinging hairs. Leaves deeply 3-partite, lobes lanceolate or +lin.-lanceolate, the central one 4-7 in. long, margin subentire; +pet. up to ⅓ in. long. Racemes bisexual, terminal and leaf-opposed, +2 in. long on naked peduncles 1-3 in. long; male fl. above and 1-3 +fem. fl. below; bracts ab. ⅙ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn257-3" title="Tragia"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. cordifolia</span> <em>Vahl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Slender twiner, without stinging hairs, puberulous. +Leaves ovate-lanceolate, long acuminate, cordate, 2½-4 in. long; +margin serrate or almost fimbriate dentate, puberulous and bristly +on nerves; pet. ½-2½ in. long. Racemes bisexual, terminal, rather +lax, 1½-2½ in. long, with a naked peduncle<span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_158">[158]</span> ½-2 in. long. Male fl. numerous above and a +solitary basal fem. fl. Pedicels, both sexes, as long as their +bracts and usually solitary.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. El Amira); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn257-4" title="Tragia"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. mitis</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Slender twiner without stinging hairs. Differs from +above in being diœcious and in the male fl. being above on the +raceme in 3-fl. glomerules and from middle downwards in lax 3-fl. +cymules.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma & near Hammad).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn257-5" title="Tragia"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. bongolana</span> <em>Prain.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Slender climber. Leaves retrosely hispid on nerves +and petioles. Male fl. twice as large as in above, otherwise much +alike.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Sabbi & between Kero & +Reggo).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn257-6" title="Tragia"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. Benthami</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Slender climber, finely puberulous and with few +stinging hairs. Leaves ovate acute or acuminate, shallowly or rarer +deeply wide cordate, sharply serrate, 2-4 in. long, sparingly +bristly on nerves; pet. ¾-2½ in. long, bristly with stinging hairs. +Racemes lateral and terminal on lateral branches, ½-¾ in. long with +a naked peduncle, ¼-⅓ in. long, densely set with stinging hairs; +male fl. numerous above and 2-3 basal fem. fl.; pedicels, both +sexes, solitary, almost as long as the bracts.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso +River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn257-7" title="Tragia"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Diœcious herb from woody base, 4-8 in. high, densely +pilose, without stinging hairs. Leaves linear-oblong to lanceolate, +1½-2 in. long, minutely serrate, sessile or nearly so. Racemes +terminal and leaf-opposed, more numerous on male plant. Male +racemes 1½-4 in. long with a short pilose peduncle; pedicels +shorter than the lanceolate bracts; sep. 3; sta. 3. Fem. racemes +¾-1½ in. long, with a pilose peduncle ⅓-½ in. long; fl. 3-6; +pedicels longer than bracts; calyx-segm. 6, at length accrescent; +styles 3, short, connate at base; caps. 3-coccous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit & Golo country).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="ulmace">ULMACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn258"><span class= +"sn">258</span><span class="taxon bold">Celtis integrifolia</span> +<em>Lam.</em> IBNU (Baggara), LEBINGA (Fung Prov.) or MAHAGAYA +(Kordn.)—Arab; EIRĀL (Dilling) & DOMBELABAI (Fan Yan)—Nuba; +BAKKA—Bari.</p> + +<p class="p2">Large tree with smooth, grey bark. Leaves alt., +shortly petioled, ovate, short acuminate, base unequally rounded, +entire, 1½-3 in. long, 3-nerved. Infl. polygamous, +axillary,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_159">[159]</span> shorter +than the leaf, cymose, hermaphr. fl. above, few, male fl. below, +numerous, shorter stalked; calyx 4-5 lobed; stamens 4-5, minute; +stigma bifid, sometimes twice so. Drupe ovoid, globose, about ⅓ in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov. +(Dueim); Kordofan Prov. (near Singukai); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Dar +Nuba); Sobat River; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dinka: Ghazal River, +Mittu: Mvolo, Rohl River); Bahr El Jebel.</p> + +<p class="p3">Wood perishable, yellowish white, density 0.750.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn259"><span class= +"sn">259</span><span class="taxon bold">Trema guineensis</span> +<em>Ficalho.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub or tree; branches hairy. Leaves alt., +ovate-oblong, acute to acuminate, base unequally cordate, 2½-4 in. +long, margin denticulate, basally 3-nerved; petiole short. Infl. +axillary, polygamous dense; fl. 5-merous, minute. Drupe small.</p> + +<p class="p2">Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn260"><span class= +"sn">260</span><span class="taxon bold">Chætacme microcarpa</span> +<em>Rendle.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub or small tree, armed with solitary or paired +axillary spines. Leaves alt., distichous, elliptic-oblong to ovate, +apiculate, 2-4 in. long. Infl. monœcious, male fl. greenish, +axillary, cymose; calyx 5-partite; sta. 5; fem. fl. solitary or +few; calyx 5-partite; style 2-branched; drupe globose, ⅓ in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="rosace">ROSACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn261"><span class= +"sn">261</span><span class="taxon bold">Rubus sp.</span> +</p> + +<p class="p2">Scandent shrub. Leaves pinnate, with prickly axis; +leaflets ovate-oblong, acutely acuminate, doubly serrate, 2-3 in. +long, pubescent on the nerves beneath. Flowers paniculate; buds +ovoid silky, with long glabrous tips.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River)</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn262"><span class= +"sn">262</span><span class="taxon bold">Parinarium +curatellifolium</span> <em>Planch.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small or moderate-sized tree, tawny-tomentose on +extremities. Leaves alternate, coriaceous, elliptic-oblong, 4½ in. +long. Flowers terminal or from the upper axils, in panicles 3-6 in. +long; calyx tube campanulate; petals 5, inserted in mouth of calyx +tube; stamens 7 to many, united into a tube at base. Drupe size of +a plum, edible.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, Wau & +Biselli).</p> + +<p class="p3">Hard, heavy wood, light brown in colour, suitable for +joinery. Fruit the size of a plum, edible.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn263"><span class= +"sn">263</span><span class="taxon bold">Potentilla supina</span> +<em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Decumbent herb, up to 1 ft. high, with pinnately 3-5 +fol. leaves and leaf-opposed yellow flowers.</p> + +<p class="p2">Berber, Khartoum, Blue Nile, White Nile & Kordofan +Provinces.</p> + +<p class="p3">The plant is rich in tannin and is probably +astringent and tonic. The root is sometimes used as a +febrifuge.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn264"><span class= +"sn">264</span><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_160">[160]</span><span class="taxon bold">Neurada +procumbens</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tomentose annual, with procumbent branches. Leaves +ovate-oblong with 1-4 obtuse lobes on each side, ab. ½ in. long. +Flowers axillary, solitary, roundish, hairy. Fruit orbicular, ¾ in. +across, prickly.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Dongonab, & 21° N.L.)</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="chailletiace">CHAILLETIACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn265"><span class= +"sn">265</span><span class="taxon bold">Dichapetalum +Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Engl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Large shrub. Leaves obliquely oblong-elliptic, acute, +the large about 6 in. by 2½ in., slightly pubescent on the nerves +below. Flowers axillary, clustered white or yellow, sweet smelling. +Petals bilobed. Fruit globose, tomentose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Belgian Congo +(Niamniam-land: by the Mbrwole River).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="caesalpiniace">CÆSALPINIACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn266"><span class= +"sn">266</span><span class="taxon bold">Cæsalpinia +pulcherrima</span> <em>Sw.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub with bi-pinnate leaves and orange-red flowers, +with very long tassel-like stamens.</p> + +<p class="p2">Introduced. Cultivated for its brilliant orange-red +flower.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn267"><span class= +"sn">267</span><span class="taxon bold">Poinciana elata</span> +<em>Linn.</em> OGOI—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Small to middle-sized tree. Leaves abruptly +bi-pinnate; flowers large whitish, turning orange when fading.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">Wood yellow, close, even-grained, easily worked, +weight 45-48 lbs. per cft.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn267-2" title="Poinciana"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. regia</span> <em>Bojer.</em> The Flamboyant or the +Gold Mohur Tree.</p> + +<p class="p2">Large tree, frequently flowers before the leaves +appear. Leaves abruptly bi-pinnate; pinnæ 8-20 pair. Flowers large. +Introduced. Highly ornamental.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn268"><span class= +"sn">268</span><span class="taxon bold">Parkinsonia aculeata</span> +<em>Linn.</em> SESABAN (wrongly named)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Small spiny tree. Leaves bi-pinnate; secondary +petioles abruptly pinnate, somewhat flattened; leaflets small. +Flowers yellow; pods constricted between the seeds. Throughout the +Sudan (Introduced).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn269"><span class= +"sn">269</span><span class="taxon bold">Cassia Kotschyana</span> +<em>Oliv.</em> SENNA & UMKATSHU—Arab; GAFELE & BOYEH—Golo; +OKIL—Jur; RATU—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Small tree. Leaves abruptly pinnate; flowers in long +drooping panicles, showy, yellow; pods cylindrical, up to 2 ft. +long and ab. ½ in. in diameter, break transversely.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Darfur, Bahr El Ghazal & +Mongalla Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn269-2" title="Cassia"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. occidentalis</span> <em>Linn.</em> ’SORIB (Baggara) +& SENNA—Arab; ASHASHI (Dilling) & ASHASHINI (J. Ghulfan)—Nuba.</p> + +<p class="p2">Semi-woody herb, up to 5 ft. high. Leaves abruptly +pinnate; rachis 4-6 in. long, with a gland at base; leaflets 4-5 +pair, narrow with acute apex. Flowers yellow; pod linear, slightly +compressed between the seeds.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Berber Prov. (Shendi); +Khartoum, Blue Nile, Fung, Kordofan, Darfur & Mongalla +Provinces.</p> + +<p class="p3"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_161">[161]</span>The +leaves, roots, and seeds are used medicinally, i.e., pounded leaves +for healing fresh wounds, the seeds in ringworm, and the root as +diuretic. An infusion of the leaves is considered useful in bilious +fevers. The seeds toasted, and ground, are used as a substitute for +coffee.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn269-3" title="Cassia"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. Sieberiana</span> <em>DC.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small tree, glabrous or extremities puberulous. +Leaflets 6-14 pair, ovate-elliptical, up to 3½ in. long. Racemes +4-18 in. long; bracts present during flowering; flowers yellow; 3 +stamens longer than the other 7. Pod sub-cylindrical, elongate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Jur-land); Mongalla Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">Wood very hard and heavy, fibrous, yellow ochre +colour, density 0.818. Difficult working, suitable for joinery, +cart building. Resistant to pests.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn269-4" title="Cassia"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. Arereh</span> <em>Del.</em> GARADAYA (Fung)—Arab; +KAFA—Burun; UMFLOGORU—Hameg; GAFELE—Golo; MASISI—Bongo.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub or small tree. Leaflets 7-9 pairs, ovate to +lanceolate, obtusely acuminate, reticulately-veined, 2½ in. long. +Racemes terminal short; bracts present at flowering time; petals +yellow; 3 stamens longer than the rest. Pod cylindrical, up to 20 +in. long and 1 in. in diam., dehisces longitudinally showing +numerous dissepiments.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (South); Fung +Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (near Chak Chak); +Mongalla Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn269-5" title="Cassia"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. Tora</span> <em>Linn.</em> HEREISHAH—Arab; +KAITELANG (Dilling)—Nuba; KIAR (Mongalla)—Dinka.</p> + +<p class="p2">Erect annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaflets 3-pair, obovate, +with a gland on the rachis between the lowest one or two pairs. +Flowers yellow, solitary or in pairs; pod 6-8 in. long, thin, +quadrangular, curved when young.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov.; Blue Nile Prov. (Abu Haraz); Fung +Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Upper White +Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Agade); Mongalla Prov.; +Darfur Prov. (Kulme).</p> + +<p class="p3">Has similar properties to <i>C. occidentalis</i> +Linn. (above).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn269-6" title="Cassia"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. obovata</span> <em>Collad.</em> SANNA or SENNA EL +KELB—Arab; AMBARKI—Hadendowa; ALL’A (Dilling)—Nuba.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bushy herb. The flat pod has a series of crested +plaits on its sides. Leaflets 3-7 pairs, obovate to oblong. Racemes +axillary, bracts rotundate, ovate; 2 anthers longer than the +rest.</p> + +<p class="p2">Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov., and most parts of +the Northern Sudan.</p> + +<p class="p3">The leaves are occasionally mixed with those of the +true Senna.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn269-7" title="Cassia"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_162">[162]</span><span class="taxon bold">C. +holosericea</span> <em>Fresen.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrubby and velvety. Leaflets 5-8 pairs, ovate to +oblong, 1 in. long. Racemes shorter than the leaves. Pod 1½ in. +long, broadly falcate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Khor Seterri, South of Suakin); Bahr +El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn269-8" title="Cassia"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. didymobotrya</span> <em>Fres.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub, 10 ft. high. Leaflets 8-16 pairs, oval-oblong, +apex rounded, mucronate, base obliquely rounded. Racemes 5-12 in. +long, from upper axils, flowers packed at first in imbricate, +caducous bracts. Pod linear-oblong, 3-4 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn269-9" title="Cassia"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. acutifolia</span> <em>Del.</em> SENNA or SENNA EL +RIF (N. Kordn.) & SENNA MEKKA—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Undershrub. The flat pod has no crest on its side. +Leaflets 4-5 pairs, oval to lanceolate, acute. Racemes from axils +of upper leaves, much longer than the leaves; pods broadly oblong, +slightly curved, without crest on the sides, ab. 2 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">North Sudan; Red Sea Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue +Nile, Darfur & Kordofan Provinces.</p> + +<p class="p3">The pods and leaves constitute the true Alexandrian +Senna of commerce.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn269-10" title="Cassia"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. Absus</span> <em>Linn.</em> HABBAT EL AIN (N. +Kordn.) & HAB EL AIN (Port Sudan)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Erect annual, 1-2 ft. high, covered with bristly +glandular hair. Leaves small; rachis swollen at the base and with a +gland between every one of the 4 pairs of leaflets, which are +broadly oval or obovate-oval; pod 1-2 in., hairy, linear, ab. ¼ in. +broad.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); +Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur +Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="p3">The seeds are used for ophthalmia and the +ringworm.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn269-11" title="Cassia"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. mimosoides</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrubby. Leaflets very small, linear, unequal sided, +usually 10-80 pair; flowers yellow; pod linear, ab. 2 in. long, +slightly pilose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); +Kordofan Prov. (El Obeid & Tekele); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé); +Darfur Prov. (Kulme).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn269-12" title="Cassia"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. nigricans</span> <em>Vahl.</em> SURIB (N. +Kordn.)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Erect herb, up to 5 ft. high, somewhat similar to +above. Leaflets small, 8-18 pair; flowers very small. Pod linear, +ab. 2 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov. +(Harun); Kordofan Prov. (near Rahad); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Eliri); +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Addai, Niamniam-land); Mongalla +Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn269-13" title="Cassia"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_163">[163]</span><span class="taxon bold">C. +goratensis</span> <em>Fresen.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub or small tree. Leaflets 7-9 pairs, oblong to +obovate-elliptic, rounded both ends, pubescent, 1½ in. long, with +inter-petiolular glands. Flowers corymbose, crowded at ends of +branches; petals yellow, large, unequal. Pods constricted, up to 4 +in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile Prov. (Upper); White Nile Prov.; Nuba Mts. +Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (near Gigging).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn270"><span class= +"sn">270</span><span class="taxon bold">Bauhinia +fassoglensis</span> <em>Kotschy.</em> KARAUERAU—Arab; PAJ (Bahr El +Ghazal)—Dinka & Jur; USIN—Golo; KORA—Hameg.</p> + +<p class="p2">Scandent shrub. Leaves bilobed, like a camel’s foot, +up to 4½ in. broad. Flowers in leaf-opposed or terminal racemes, 1 +ft. long; calyx strongly keeled; cor. white; stamens 10, of which +usually only 2 perfect.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala & Blue Nile Provinces (Sennar to Gallabat); +Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: +Sabbi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn270-2" title="Bauhinia"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. rufescens</span> <em>Lam.</em> KULKUL—Arab; TARWARA +(Dilling)—Nuba.</p> + +<p class="p2">Small tree, with smooth, white bark. Leaves bilobed, +small, usually under 1 in. diam. Flowers white, small, fragrant, in +terminal racemes or corymbs; calyx spathaceous; stamens 10, +perfect. Pod linear, coriaceous, curved, up to 3½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan, Nuba Mts. & Darfur Provinces.</p> + +<p class="p3">Wood hard, homogeneous, close and fine grained, +density 0.713, light brown in colour, used in carpentry. The bark +is employed for making ropes, and also for tanning leather. As with +other species of this genus various parts are used in native +medicine.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn270-3" title="Bauhinia"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. reticulata</span> <em>DC.</em> ABU KHAMEIRA, +TAMBAREIB & KHARUB—Arab; KUBUY (Dilling); KIRKONGAW (J. Eliri), +BĀSIGSI (Kadugli) & KADAWDO (Rashad-Talodi)—Nuba; POFFEH—Bari; PAI +(Renk) & PAJ (Bahr El Ghazal)—Dinka; PAJ—Jur; KWIELIA or USIN—Golo; +MUGGAL—Hameg; DANG & NGWAIN—Nuer; FOICHA—Burun; DAGPA—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Small tree; young parts rufous. Leaves large, +bilobed. Flowers numerous; calyx rufous; petals white. Pod long, +flat, somewhat twisted, glossy, dark brown, up to 1 ft. long and 3 +in. broad.</p> + +<p class="p2">South of Lat. 13° N.</p> + +<p class="p3">Wood rather hard, light brown in colour, density +0.707, homogeneous, works easily, but is seldom of useful size, it +makes poor fuel. Ropes and clothes are made from the bast fibre by +Golo-women. The seeds are eaten. A decoction of leaves is used as a +gargle for toothache. From the roots a mahogany-coloured pigment is +obtained.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn270-4" title="Bauhinia"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_164">[164]</span><span class="taxon bold">B. +variegata</span> <em>Linn.</em> Camel-foot tree.</p> + +<p class="p2">Moderate-sized tree, with bilobed leaves and axillary +racemes of purple and cream-coloured flowers. Pod 6-18 in. long, +linear, flat.</p> + +<p class="p2">Introduced. Grown in gardens.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn271"><span class= +"sn">271</span><span class="taxon bold">Isoberlinia sp.</span> +KOBBO—Bongo.</p> + +<p class="p2">Leaflets, 4 pairs, ovate, oblique, 5-6 in. long, 3 +in. broad, reticulate. Flowers paniculate. Sepals velvety. Bracts +small, deciduous. Fruits woody. Seeds orbicular, flat.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn272"><span class= +"sn">272</span><span class="taxon bold">Berlinia acuminata</span> +<em>Solander.</em> ERIANGA & KOBA—Dinka; KA & AKKA—Golo; KOBA—Jur; +KAWBAW—Bongo.</p> + +<p class="p2">Large tree with rough, exfoliating bark; occasionally +forms pure crops. Leaves large, abruptly pinnate; leaflets 3-6 +pair, 3-9 in. long. Pods up to 15 in. long and 3 in. broad, flat, +olive green, velvety, curling up spirally after dehiscing. Bahr El +Ghazal & Mongalla Provinces.</p> + +<p class="p3">Wood fibrous, density 0.649, light brownish yellow in +colour, works well, but is readily attacked by insects. Useful for +small furniture, boats, carts, etc.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn273"><span class= +"sn">273</span><span class="taxon bold">Pahudia (Afzelia) +africana</span> <em>Smith.</em> RIANG—Dinka; PO—Golo; BEI—Jur; +PAWE—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Very large tree. Leaves paripinnate; leaflets 6-10, +glossy, alternate. Pods up to 9 in. long and 3 in. wide, thick, +woody, splitting into two flat, boat-shaped halves; seeds black, +surmounted by orange-coloured aril at the base.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (near +Mongalla).</p> + +<p class="p3">Timber reddish, resembling Mahogany, strong, somewhat +coarse-grained.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn274"><span class= +"sn">274</span><span class="taxon bold">Daniellia thurifera</span> +<em>Bennett.</em> KELA—Bongo; BELIN & SHANDA—Dinka; BU or +BINDA—Golo; SHANDA—Jur; BOVOTODE—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Very large tree, with a clean bole, up to 50 ft. +before branching; bark smooth, light grey. Leaves abruptly pinnate. +Leaflets 5-9 pairs, coriaceous, 2-7 in. long. Pods flat, +broad-falcate, 1-seeded, the seed being attached by a long, +thread-like process to a membrane, which acts as a parachute in +disseminating the seed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal & Mongalla Provinces.</p> + +<p class="p3">Timber light, streaky brown, moderately hard, light, +density 0.505, coarse-grained, works easily, but readily attacked +by insect pests; useful for light furniture, packing cases, knife +handles. Good firewood. The tree yields a Frankincense (the Ogea +gum of Sierra Leone) which exudes from holes made by boring insects +or by tapping, and is collected and sold for body perfume. +Bee-hives are made from strips of the bark.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn275"><span class= +"sn">275</span><span class="taxon bold">Tamarindus indica</span> +<em>Linn.</em> ARDEIB—Arab; SHEKERE (Dilling), KUASHI (J. Eliri) & +DANUFI (Kadugli)—Nuba;<span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_165">[165]</span> BASHA & PATTA & (fruit), KITTEH—Bari; SHOWI +(Renk & Bahr El Ghazal), SHWAI (Mongalla), TCHUWOI (Goz El Siada) & +SHWAYAI (Kaka)—Dinka; SHWAH—Shilluk; KUAR & KWAT—Nuer; YENNO—Burun; +SHOWI—Jur; ARUB or WASSA—Golo; MALAT—Hameg; MAHA—Bongo; +ABANZA—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Large tree with dark-coloured, fissured bark. Leaves +abruptly pinnate, 3-6 in. long; leaflets small, 10-15 pair. Pod +pendulous, 3-8 in. long, 1 in. broad, the inner pericarp consisting +of a red, acid pulp; seeds brown, hard.</p> + +<p class="p2">Southern Sudan; Blue Nile Prov. (Upper); Kordofan +Prov.; Red Sea Prov. (Has Has).</p> + +<p class="p3">Fruit called TAMR HINDI by Arabs, used for cooling +drinks, also medicinally as laxative. The bark is said to have +astringent and tonic properties. The seed yields an oil which may +be used for varnish. The seed rubbed on a roughstone, with water, +is a specific for carbuncular boils. The wood is hard, fibrous and +heavy, density 0.777. It is rather difficult to work, but is very +suitable for cabinet work as the heart-wood is beautifully mottled +black and brown. It is resistant to insect pests, and is useful for +carpentry, ship-building, carts, pestles and mortars.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn276"><span class= +"sn">276</span><span class="taxon bold">Detarium microcarpum</span> +<em>Guill.</em> & <em>Perr.</em> ABU LEILA—Arab; GUDI (Bahr El +Ghazal)—Dinka; LOYO, LOIGO or MPORO or M’BOLO—Golo; AKUTI—Jur; +MALAGUTU—Bongo.</p> + +<p class="p2">Small to middle-sized tree. Leaves pari-pinnate; +leaflets 6-12, alternate or opposite, undulate-crenate. Pod +disc-shaped, 1½ in. in diameter, ½ in. thick; the inner pericarp is +a sweet pulp, traversed by fibrous processes from the bony +endocarp.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land & +Jur-land).</p> + +<p class="p3">The sweet pulp is eaten as a substitute for sugar. +The tree grows to a large size in Nigeria; its timber is one of +these exported under the name of “African Mahogany.” It is grey in +colour, with a fine and regular grain, density 0.779. It is hard +but works well. It is very resistant to pests and lasts long under +water. Very suitable for carpentry, piles, fences, joinery, etc. It +exudes a fragrant resin.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn277"><span class= +"sn">277</span><span class="taxon bold">Burkea africana</span> +<em>Hook. f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small tree, 25 ft. high. Leaves bipinnate, up to 3 +ft. long, collected towards ends of branches; pinnæ ab. 3 pairs; +leaflets 6-12 per pinna. Flowers spicate, white, at end of +branches. Pod up to 2½ in. long, oblong or elliptical, flat, +coriaceous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="p3"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_166">[166]</span>Wood +clear brown in colour with a fine close grain, density 0.677. It +splits easily and is suited to light carpentry and furniture. Not +very resistant to insect pests.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn278"><span class= +"sn">278</span><span class="taxon bold">Erythrophlæum +guineense</span> <em>Don.</em> KURU (Wau) & THIEPAGOK +(Rumbek)—Dinka; BANGI or BEI—Golo; KOLU—Jur; IRRIK & GARO—Zande. +The Red Water tree or Sass wood.</p> + +<p class="p2">Very large tree. Leaves abruptly bipinnate; pinnæ 2-4 +pairs; leaflets 6-11 per pinna. Flowers in dense spiciform +panicles, small, white or pale yellow. Pod 3½ in. long and 1¾ in. +broad, black, woody.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (near Khors).</p> + +<p class="p3">Wood reddish brown, very heavy and hard to work, +density 0.821. Close grained, fibres twisted. Suited to joinery and +cabinet making. Very resistant to pests. The seeds, pods and bark +are poisonous. The seeds are used by Dinkas as a test of a person’s +guilt when accused of causing death by witchcraft or poison. The +accused has to swallow some four of the seeds with water after +these have been cut in two. If he dies he is guilty, but innocent +if he is only sick.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="mimosace">MIMOSACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn279"><span class= +"sn">279</span><span class="taxon bold">Parkia biglobosa</span> +<em>Benth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tree, 50 ft. high. Leaves 9-18 in. long, bipinnate; +pinnæ 14-30 pairs, with sessile glands at the base of 1 or 2 last +pairs; leaflets 1-nerved, 50-70 pairs. Flowers red, in pendulous +globose heads. Pods several in a bunch, 8-12 in. long, depressed +between the seeds.</p> + +<p class="p2">Upper White Nile.</p> + +<p class="p3">Wood whitish, soft, density 0.699, medium grained, +very flexible. Easily worked and suited to carpentry. The dry pulp +of the pods furnishes a reddish flour containing 60 per cent. of +sugar which is eaten with rice and meat; it is also used in the +preparation of a fermented liquor. The bark and pods are used as a +fish poison.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn279-2" title="Parkia"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. filicoidea</span> <em>Welw.</em> UMRASHAD or +MUDUS—Arab; AKON—Dinka; KOFO, LU or ULU—Golo; NWANA—Jur; RU—Bongo; +ABONGBA—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Large tree with dark outer bark. Leaves abruptly +bipinnate; pinnæ 6-9 pairs; leaflets 16-24 pairs, triplinerved. +Flowers in dense pendulous, globose heads, ab. 1½ in. across, +scarlet. Pods usually several together, flat, 8-12 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">Timber white, coarse, not durable. The mealy pulp in +which the seeds are embedded is eaten. The bark is used for +tanning.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn280"><span class= +"sn">280</span><span class="taxon bold">Entada Wahlbergii</span> +<em>Harv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Slender, unarmed climber. Leaves bipinnate; pinnæ +2-4-jugate;<span class="pagenum" id="Page_167">[167]</span> +leaflets 4-18 pairs, linear-oblong up to 1 in. long. Spikes +solitary or panicled; cor. reddish-brown. Pod flat, arcuate, the +chord 4-6 in. long, with up to 13 articulate divisions, sutures +thick, persistent after fall of the articles.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn280-2" title="Entada"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. sudanica</span> <em>Schwfth.</em> SESABAN (Fung), +UMKASHO (Baggara) & LAYUK (Jongol’s Post)—Arab; DEZA—Hameg.</p> + +<p class="p2">Small tree with bipinnate leaves and large pods, the +woody margins of which persist after the joints containing seeds +have fallen out. Pinnæ 5-8-jugate; leaflets 14-20 pairs per +pinna.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov.; Nuba Mts. +Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land); Mongalla Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn280-3" title="Entada"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. abyssinica</span> <em>Steud.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small tree. Differs from the above by the greater +number (14-18 pairs) of pinnæ and also (25-50 pairs) of leaflets in +the pinnæ. Pods hardly constricted, ab. 6-12 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn281"><span class= +"sn">281</span><span class="taxon bold">Piptadenia africana</span> +<em>Hook. f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tree. Leaves abruptly bipinnate; pinnæ 9-13 pair; +leaflets 30-60 pair, small, linear; pod 9 in. long and ¾ in. broad, +flat, linear; seed ¾ in. long and ¼ in. broad, narrow oval, +furnished with a winged membrane nearly 3 in. long; flowers in +cylindrical spikes.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn281-2" title="Piptadenia"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. sp.</span> +</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River: Batuka).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn282"><span class= +"sn">282</span><span class="taxon bold">Prosopis oblonga</span> +<em>Benth.</em> ABU SURUG—Arab; AIRI, GALL & GIER—Bongo; JIER (Bahr +El Ghazal)—Dinka; IJI, INJI or JI—Golo; KADOL—Jur; DIGRA—Burun; +ZANGARE & INGE—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Moderate to fairly large tree, with rough bark; pinnæ +2-3-jugate, with a sessile gland between each pair; leaflets +5-11-jugate. Leaves abruptly bipinnate. Flowers in spikes, ab. 3 +in. long, white. Pod smooth, oval in cross section. Seeds dark +brown.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Mongalla Prov. +(Mongalla); Upper White Nile Prov. (Goz El Siada).</p> + +<p class="p3">Wood hard, very heavy, density 1.44, regular, strong, +fine grained, takes good polish, dark reddish-brown in colour, is +used by Bongos and Jurs for making charcoal for iron smelting. Good +for carpentry, implements, boat building. Bark used for tanning, +also as an antiseptic. Pods used for poisoning fish.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn283"><span class= +"sn">283</span><span class="taxon bold">Amblygonocarpus +Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Harms.</em> BINDI & NGUASSA—Dinka; +BINDI—Jur; M’BOSSO & BISHI—Golo; DURA—Krej; GIER—Bongo.</p> + +<p class="p2">Large tree, 1-3 ft. diam. Leaves bipinnate; leaflets +broadly-elliptic, ¾ in. long, ½ in. broad, glabrous. Racemes 4 in. +long.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_168">[168]</span> Flowers very +numerous, dense, about ¼ in. long, anthers much curved. Fruits +quadrangular.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land, Golo-land & Dar +Fertit).</p> + +<p class="p3">Wood light, fine grained, easily working, useful for +joinery.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn284"><span class= +"sn">284</span><span class="taxon bold">Dichrostachys nutans</span> +<em>Benth.</em> KADADA—Arab; BARTO (J. Daier), KWĀR (Dilling) & +KĒTIER (J. Eliri)—Nuba; RILEH—Bari; KĪR (White Nile), KI (Goz El +Siada), KĪR & SHĪR (Mongalla)—Dinka; BAKANGO—Golo; ARBIT—Hameg; +KIROH—Shilluk; TILLA or KITCHUN—Burun.</p> + +<p class="p2">Large armed shrub, the spines being often +leaf-bearing. Leaves abruptly bipinnate; pinnæ 5-10-jugate, with a +stipitate gland between each pair; leaflets 12-22 pairs. Flowers in +dense pink and yellow cylindrical heads; pods much twisted.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. & Southern Sudan.</p> + +<p class="p3">Wood hard, compact, density 0.620, yellow ochre +colour, good for cabinet making.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn285"><span class= +"sn">285</span><span class="taxon bold">Neptunia oleracea</span> +<em>Lour.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Aquatic herb, often floating. Leaves bipinnate; pinnæ +2-3 pair, opposite; leaflets 8-20 pair. Flowers in an oblong head, +½-1 in. long, yellow; stamens 10. Pod 1 in. long by ¼ in. wide, +long-stalked.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; +Mongalla Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">Eaten as a pot-herb.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn286"><span class= +"sn">286</span><span class="taxon bold">Mimosa asperata</span> +<em>Linn.</em> HAB BITA EL AIN (Baggara), SHAGAR EL FAS & +HABBAS—Arab; MOSAGHANI—Hameg; M’BASE—Golo.</p> + +<p class="p2">Straggling, prickly shrub. Leaves bipinnate, +sensitive; pinnæ 7-16 pair; leaflets 25-40-jugate. Flower heads +globose, pinkish, on ab. 1 in. long axillary peduncles. Pod very +hairy, compressed, linear-oblong, 1 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Southern Sudan (Edges of watercourses).</p> + +<p class="p3">The fruit is used as medicine for the eyes in +Kordofan.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn287"><span class= +"sn">287</span><span class="taxon bold">Acacia Sieberiana</span> +<em>DC.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Moderate-sized tree, sometimes large. Stipular thorns +straight, usually short on flowering shoots. Leaves bipinnate, as +in other Sudan species; pinnæ 10-30 pair, with a large gland near +base of rachis; leaflets 20-40 pair. Flower-heads globose, on 1-2 +in. peduncles, which are solitary below and fascicled above. Pod +6-7 in. long, 2-valved, straight or slightly curved, compressed, ¾ +in. broad.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov.: Bahr El Jebel (Madi woods).</p> + +<p class="p3">Wood hard, yellow ochre colour, density 0.946 +heartwood, 0.851 sapwood, readily attacked by insects (white ants, +etc.); useful for packing cases, light furniture, mortars, +implements. A decoction of the root acts as a vermifuge.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn287-2" title="Acacia"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_169">[169]</span><span class="taxon bold">A. +spirocarpa</span> <em>Hochst.</em> SAYAL—Arab; TAWĀR or +TOWAI—Hadendowa; KANDIA (J. Daier)—Nuba; MUTU—Bari.</p> + +<p class="p2">Large tree with bipinnate leaves and straight +stipular spines. Flower-heads globose, greenish-white; pods +spirally twisted. Pinnæ 4-10 pairs; leaflets 7-15 pair, very +small.</p> + +<p class="p2">Northern Sudan; Blue Nile, White Nile & Kordofan +Provinces.</p> + +<p class="p3">The bast yields a strong fibre. The pods are called +ULLAF—Arab.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn287-3" title="Acacia"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. tortilis</span> <em>Hayne.</em> SAMR—Arab; +SANGANEIP & SANGANĒ—Hadendowa; SAKBE—Rashida.</p> + +<p class="p2">Obconical, flat-topped, large shrub or small tree, +with straight and curved spines. Flower-heads globose, whitish; +pods twisted. Pinnæ 2-5 pairs, glands on rachis minute or absent, +leaflets 8-12 pairs, linear-oblong.</p> + +<p class="p2">North Sudan.</p> + +<p class="p3">Sapwood moderately dark or brown, heartwood small, +dark brown. Medullary rays fine. Pores uniform, moderate sized, in +concentric lines of flat arcs. Wood fairly hard and heavy, used in +the Red Sea Prov. for ribs of boats and for pulleys and blocks. It +is liable to attacks of boring insects.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn287-4" title="Acacia"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. nilotica</span> <em>DC.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Characters as in the next species, but pods quite +glabrous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (near Suakin); Kassala Prov. +(Gallabat); Berber Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Wad Shellai).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn287-5" title="Acacia"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. arabica</span> <em>Willd.</em> SANT, SNUT or +SUNT—Arab; ALLWI (Goz El Siada)—Dinka; LENG—Burun; GARAD +(Tagele)—Nuba.</p> + +<p class="p2">Large tree with straight spines, up to 2 in. long. +Flower-heads globose, yellow. Pods white, tomentose, much +contracted between the seeds. Pinnæ usually 3-12 pairs with or +without gland between lowest and, at times, 1 or 2 upper pairs; +leaflets 10-30 pairs, linear-oblong.</p> + +<p class="p2">North Sudan; Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov.; White Nile +(from 10° N.L. Northwards, rare South of Jebelein); Kordofan Prov.; +Upper White Nile Prov. (Goz El Siada).</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">var. A. Adansonii</span> +<em>Guill.</em> & <em>Perr.</em></p> + +<p class="p4">Differs from above in the pods, which are not or +hardly contracted between the seeds.</p> + +<p class="p4">Kordofan Prov. (El Obeid).</p> + +<p class="p5">The young bark yields a fibre. Timber hard, heavy, +density 0.945 heartwood and 0.827 sapwood, durable, short fibred +and somewhat brittle, resistant to water and white ants, used for +construction work and boat building, building, etc. The pods, +called GARAD by Arabs, as well as the bark, used for tanning, a +decoction is administered in dysentery. The pods are also used as a +dye. The gum, although inferior to that of <i>A. Verek</i>, is an +article of commerce; that from India is known as “Ghatti gum.”</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn287-6" title="Acacia"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_170">[170]</span><span class="taxon bold">A. +verugera</span> <em>Schwfth.</em> KŪK—Arab; ABELAINY (Dilling), +KWEILE (J. Eliri) & KUSSI (Kadugli)—Nuba; SHEBIL—Hameg; +PUKULI—Bari; KOG (Kaka), TEP (Mongalla), TIP (Renk) & TIPAGOK (Bahr +El Ghazal)—Dinka; TIAP—Shilluk; TEF—Nuer; DAGLIE—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Very large tree with grey-white bark and with +straight, white spines, 1½ in. long. Pinnæ 7-14 pair, leaflets +20-30 pairs. Flowers globose, white, about ¾ in. across. Pod up to +6 in. long, slightly curved, flat, thick, ¾ in. wide, green.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (near Kassala); South of Lat. 13° +N.</p> + +<p class="p3">Wood white, not durable. The qualities of the gum +have yet to be investigated.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn287-7" title="Acacia"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. nubica</span> <em>Benth.</em> EL UT or AUD & +LAOT—Arab; GAMEROT—Rashida; ANJERA (J. Daier), MAIN (Dilling), +UNGUS (Tagele) & MA (J. Ghulfan)—Nuba; ANAN (Renk) & KONYAI +(Kaka)—Dinka; AFIAD—Shilluk.</p> + +<p class="p2">Obconical shrub with spines ab. ½ in. long, somewhat +recurved. Pinnæ 3-12 pairs with or without 2-3 minute sessile +glands; leaflets 6-15 pairs, small, oblong. Pod linear-oblong, +narrowed at each end, almost narrowly-winged, yellowish, 2-3 in. +long. Flowers in globose heads on 1-3 axillary peduncles.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala, Red Sea, Blue Nile, White Nile & Kordofan +Provinces.</p> + +<p class="p3">The bark is used for tanning. The bast yields a good +fibre.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn287-8" title="Acacia"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. etbaica</span> <em>Schwfth.</em> ARRAD or +GARRAD—Hadendowa and Rashida.</p> + +<p class="p2">Small tree; extremities at first red-brown; stipular +thorns straight, short. Pinnæ 3-6 pairs, without glands; leaflets +14-30 pairs. Peduncles 3-5 in each axil, bearing rather +few-flowered globose heads. Pods linear, compressed, almost +straight, brown, glabrous up to 3½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">The bark is used for tanning.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn287-9" title="Acacia"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. Seyal</span> <em>Del.</em> TELEH (Baggara), TALH +HAMRA or TALHA—Arab; ME (J. Daier), SHALEIH (Dilling), TEILI (J. +Eliri) & TIRIGO (Kadugli)—Nuba; KUKATI—Bari; BI (Kaka), RATT (Renk) +& TEP (Mongalla)—Dinka; MELA—Hameg; TEIB & LUOR—Nuer; +ALLAD—Shilluk.</p> + +<p class="p2">Small to middle-sized tree, with rufous bark; spines +white, straight or nearly so, up to 1½ in. long. Pinnæ 11-12 pairs; +leaflets 18-22 pairs. Flowers globose, yellow, about 1 in. diam. +Pods ab. 3 in. long, curved, slightly contracted between the +seeds.</p> + +<p class="p2">Throughout the Sudan.</p> + +<p class="p3">Wood white, not durable, liable to attacks of +insects, especially if cut green. The gum is of good quality but +inferior to that of <i>A. Verek</i>. The bark is used for +tanning<span class="pagenum" id="Page_171">[171]</span> and the +bast yields a fibre. Native women fumigate themselves with the wood +smoke.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn287-10" title="Acacia"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. Seyal</span> <em>Del.</em> <span class= +"taxon bold">var. Fistula</span> <em>Schwfth.</em> TALH BEID & +SOFFAR—Arab; SHALEIH WIWI (Dilling)—Nuba; BAGU—Hameg; KONAIYER +(Kaka) & TEP (Mongalla)—Dinka; ASHAR—Shilluk.</p> + +<p class="p2">South Sudan.</p> + +<p class="p3">Much like preceding but bark white and the bases of +the thorns inflated.</p> + +<p class="p2">Moister parts of the Sudan.</p> + +<p class="p3">Has the same qualities as Red Talh.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn287-11" title="Acacia"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. Ehrenbergiana</span> <em>Hayne.</em> +SALLAM—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub with brown papery bark. Flower-heads globose, +golden yellow. Spines slender, straight, also hooked. Pinnæ 1-2 +pairs; leaflets 8-10 pairs, oblong. Pod narrow-linear, falcate, +constricted between the seeds, up to 4½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Northern Sudan, usually in arid tracts.</p> + +<p class="p3">Yield a gum.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn287-12" title="Acacia"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. stenocarpa</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small tree; spines straight, short. Flowers globose, +yellow; pods curved as in <i>A. Seyal</i>. Pinnæ 4-10 pairs with at +least 1 gland, sessile at base of the rachis; leaflets 10-20 pairs, +linear oblong.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); White Nile Prov.; Bahr El +Jebel (Nyangara); Mongalla Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">One of the species affording the Gum-arabic of +commerce.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn287-13" title="Acacia"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. Verek</span> <em>Guill.</em> & <em>Perr.</em> +HASHAB & SUBAHI (Wad Medani)—Arab; KALIALMO (J. Daier) & TŪT +(Dilling)—Nuba; KADOFI—Bari; ATĪYDOK (Kaka) & CHIANDOK (or +CHIANDAK) (Mongalla)—Dinka; GARANDAK—MESHIRG—EDIN—Hameg; +ADHWAG—Shilluk; BAM—Nuer.</p> + +<p class="p2">Small to moderate-sized tree; spines 3, stout, sharp, +dark brown, short, two straight and one recurved. Pinnæ 3-5 pairs; +leaflets 10-15 pairs. Flowers in lax cylindrical spikes, white. +Pods thin, straight, papery, 3 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Southern Nubia; From Berber Province to Mongalla; +Fung, Darfur & Kordofan Provinces.</p> + +<p class="p3">Wood dark, durable. This tree yields the best gum of +commerce.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn287-14" title="Acacia"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. glaucophylla</span> <em>Steud.</em> HASHAB (Kassala +& Karora)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Large shrub or small tree, glabrous, or extremities +puberulous; infra-stipular prickles 2-3, short, straight or +slightly recurved, often absent. Pinnæ 3-6-jugate, with small gland +at base of rachis; leaflets 12-20 pairs, oblong. Spikes 1-3 in +axils; flowers white. Pod linear, flat, narrowed each end, 3-4 in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_172">[172]</span>Between Suakin & Berber (Omareg); Kassala +Prov. (J. Kassala); Red Sea Prov. (Karora hills).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn287-15" title="Acacia"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. mellifera</span> <em>Benth.</em> KITTIR—Arab; +KAWTAW (J. Daier) & URŪM (Kadugli)—Nuba; NARAH (Renk)—Dinka.</p> + +<p class="p2">Small tree or shrub; infra-stipular prickles 2, +short, recurved. Pinnæ 2-jugate; leaflets 1 pair per pinna, +obovate-oblong or -rotundate. Spikes axillary, fascicled, white. +Pod 2 in. long, flat, oblong.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (between Sinkat & Erkowit & Katai +Geraite); Around Kassala & Gedaref routes; From Khartoum to Upper +Nile Prov.; Blue Nile Prov. (Wad Medani to Sennar); Kordofan & +Darfur Provinces.</p> + +<p class="p3">This tree, which grows gregariously, forms often most +impenetrable thorny thickets. The fibre from the liber is largely +used in making sacks to hold gum.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn287-16" title="Acacia"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. læta</span> <em>R. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small tree; prickles short, black, shining. Pinnæ 2-3 +pairs; leaflets 3-5 pairs, oblanceolate, oblong. Spikes axillary, +solitary or fascicled. Pod 2-3 in. long, flat, oblong, often once +or twice constricted, coriaceous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (J. Waratab, near Suakin); Fung Prov.; +White Nile Prov. (Nyemati); Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn287-17" title="Acacia"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. albida</span> <em>Del.</em> HARAZ—Arab; SIRTU (J. +Daier), NAGAN (Tagele), URĀD (Dilling & J. Ghulfan) & FORWEK +(Kadugli)—Nuba.</p> + +<p class="p2">The largest of Sudan Acacias; branches whitish; +spines short, straight. Flowers white, in spikes, which are +axillary, solitary or in pairs. Pinnæ 4-6 pairs, with a gland +between each pair; leaflets 7-17 pairs, oblong. Pod 2-5 in. long, +flat, curved, often sinuous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); From Dongola to Bahr El +Ghazal Prov.; Blue Nile, Kordofan, Darfur & Mongalla Provinces.</p> + +<p class="p3">Wood white, liable to attacks of insects, used for +boat-building. Pod fleshy, somewhat twisted, called KHARUMA by +Arabs, good cattle fodder.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn287-18" title="Acacia"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. Suma</span> <em>Kurz.</em> KAKAMŪT & SINEIN—Arab; +PANKAJA (Dilling)—Nuba; FIIT (Renk) & PAIT (Kaka)—Dinka; ODU—Hameg; +NIARUD—Shilluk; NGWER—Nuer; VURRA—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Small to moderate-sized tree with dark, fissured +bark. Prickles broad-based, sharply recurved. Pinnæ 10-30 pairs, +with a gland at the base of each pair and another below the first +pair; leaflets 30-50 pairs. Flowers in pale-yellow spikes. Pods 3-4 +in. long, crustaceous, brown when ripe.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung, White Nile & Kordofan Provinces; Upper White +Nile Prov. (Sobat River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Mongalla Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">Usually in more or less wet ground. Timber dark +coloured, strong, used in making ploughs. The wood probably yields +a Catechu.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn287-19" title="Acacia"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_173">[173]</span><span class="taxon bold">A. +hecatophylla</span> <em>Steud.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tree, branches hoary-tomentose; prickles short, +recurved. Pinnæ 10-30 pairs; leaflets 30-50 pairs, larger than in +<i>A. Suma</i>, Kurz, oblong, obtuse. Flowering spikes white, +solitary or fascicled. Pod oblong, obtuse, coriaceous, 7 in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn287-20" title="Acacia"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. ataxacantha</span> <em>DC.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small tree or shrub, with short, decurved, scattered +prickles. Leaf-rachis with a raised gland near the base; pinnæ 7-15 +pairs; leaflets 20-40 pairs, linear-subfalcate. Flower spikes +dense, white, solitary or in pairs, axillary. Pod broad-linear, +flat, papery.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Sabbi); Darfur +Prov. (Kulme).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn287-21" title="Acacia"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. macrostachya</span> <em>Reichenb.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tree, green parts rusty-tomentose; prickles short, +recurved, scattered. Leaf-rachis with a sessile gland near the +base; pinnæ 14-30 pairs; leaflets 25-50 pairs, linear, subfalcate. +Spikes 3-4 in. long, axillary, fascicled.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn287-22" title="Acacia"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. pennata</span> <em>Willd.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Scandent shrub; prickles sharp, recurved, scattered +over branchlets, under petioles and on inflorescence. Pinnæ 8-20 +pairs; leaflets up to 70 pairs. Flower-heads globular, white or +pale yellow. Pod reddish-brown, thin, ab. 4 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé & Bongo-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn287-23" title="Acacia"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. near reficiens</span> <em>Wawra</em> & +<em>Peyr.</em> SALGAM (Kordn.)—Arab; IMGYEN (Dilling)—Nuba.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tree, in habit not unlike <i>A. spirocarpa</i>; twigs +nodose; spines straight, up to 1½ in. long. Flowers not seen; pods +curved, somewhat turgid. Bark dark and rough; heartwood dark brown. +Leaflets about 15 pairs, oblong, ⅙ in. long, ciliate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nuba Mts. Prov. (from Sungikai South).</p> + +<p class="p3">Heartwood very dark brown. Exudes a gum.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn287-24" title="Acacia"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. near gummifera</span> <em>Willd.</em> MIT—Bari.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tall tree, with habit and bark of <i>A. arabica</i>; +timber light red, without heartwood. Flowers not seen; pods curved, +somewhat turgid.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Sh. Tombé).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn287-25" title="Acacia"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. near papyracea</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Prickles ⅙ in. long, hairy at the base. Leaflets +about 15 pairs, oblong, ⅙ in. long, veinless, glabrous. Flowers in +heads about ⅓ in. diam. Fruits not seen.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (J. Kon).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn287-26" title="Acacia"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. sp. near albida</span> <em>Del.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small tree, 15-20 ft. high. Leaflets about 25 pairs, +linear-oblong, rounded at the apex, glaucous, ⅓ in. long, the +lowermost<span class="pagenum" id="Page_174">[174]</span> pair very +small. Flowers in spikes, white; pod not seen.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Lado).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn287-27" title="Acacia"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. Farnesiana</span> <em>Willd.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub; spines straight, stipular. Pinnæ 4-8 pairs; +leaflets 12-20 pairs. Flower-heads globose, deep yellow, +sweet-scented; pod 2-3 in. long, turgid.</p> + +<p class="p2">Introduced.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn288"><span class= +"sn">288</span><span class="taxon bold">Albizzia amara</span> +<em>Boivin.</em> ARRADA—Arab; SUK (J. Daier), ORBOL (Dilling) & +MINKIGILI (Kadugli)—Nuba; MĪLLOA (Goz El Siada)—Dinka; +BIMYA—Burun.</p> + +<p class="p2">Unarmed moderate-sized to large tree. Leaves +bipinnate; pinnæ 10-20 pairs; leaflets 25-35 pairs, linear. +Flower-heads dense, ab. 1 in. in diameter, yellow or pinkish. Pod +linear-oblong, 4-8 in. long, edges undulate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile Prov. (Sheikh Talha); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s +Post); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (between Meshra El Rek +& Tonj); Darfur Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Goz El Siada).</p> + +<p class="p3">Timber strong; yields a gum.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn288-2" title="Albizzia"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. anthelmintica</span> <em>A. Brongn.</em> TĀKIRNI, +UMTAKIRNI, UMGIRSH & GERFET EL DŪD (All Kordofan)—Arab; EIBELAINY +(Dilling)—Nuba; AGWAR—Shilluk.</p> + +<p class="p2">Moderate-sized tree, with smooth, grey bark, unarmed. +Leaves bipinnate with 1 or more sessile glands on the rachis. Pinnæ +1-4 pairs; leaflets 2-5 pairs, the upper larger, sometimes up to 1¾ +in. long, obliquely obovate, mucronate. Flower-heads fascicled or +solitary in upper axils, whitish. Pod 2-6 in. long, sinuous, +crustaceous.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov.; Kordofan & Nuba Mts. Prov. (from +Habbania southwards); Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf +W.S.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit: Deim Guju).</p> + +<p class="p3">Heartwood red, very hard, durable, works well. The +bark (?) is used by Abyssinians against Tape-worm.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn288-3" title="Albizzia"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. ferruginea</span> <em>Benth.</em> ?SIAP—Dinka; +BEKILI & BIRI—Golo; M’BALIM—Bongo; N’ZANGARNE—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Medium-sized tree with rusty pubescence. Pinnæ 3-6 +pairs; leaflets 8-16 pairs, oblong, obtuse, ab. ½ in. long. +Flower-heads capitate, more or less silky. Pod straight, linear, +4-6 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn288-4" title="Albizzia"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. Lebbek</span> <em>Benth.</em> LABAKH, +LEBBEK—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Large tree with dark-grey bark. Pinnæ 2-4 pairs; +leaflets 5-9 pairs, rather large, unequal sided. Flowers white in +few flowered heads. Pod up to 12 in. long, up to 2 in. wide, +linear-oblong, thin, pale yellow.</p> + +<p class="p2">Introduced as a shade-tree.</p> + +<p class="p3">Wood handsome, brown, fine grained, takes a good +polish,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_175">[175]</span> is known in +the trade as “Indian Walnut.” Does not last long in exposed +situations. The bark is used for tanning and the seeds are +astringent. The tree yields a gum not unlike Gum-arabic.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn288-5" title="Albizzia"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. Aylmeri</span> <em>Hutch.</em> SEREIRA, +GARADAYA—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Large tree, 75 ft. high, 8 ft. in girth. Leaflets +oblong-elliptic, rounded on one side, cuneate on the other at the +base, 1-1½ in. long, ½-1 in. broad, glaucous green and puberulous +below, with about 8 pairs of looped lateral nerves. Peduncle 1½ in. +long, thinly pubescent. Calyx-lobes villous. Fruit 8 in. long, 1¼ +in. broad, glabrous, obscurely transversely nervose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (River Dinder).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn288-6" title="Albizzia"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. Brownei</span> <em>Walp.</em> ?ĀKATAGAN—Jur.</p> + +<p class="p2">Moderate-sized tree. Leaf-rachis with 1 sessile gland +at base and another between uppermost pinnæ; pinnæ 2-3 pairs; +leaflets 3-5 pairs, rhomboid to ovate, up to 3 in. long. +Flower-heads forming broad corymbose racemes, 3-4 in. long. Pod +linear-oblong, 4-6 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur & Bongo-lands, Dar Fertit); +Mongalla Prov. (Yambi Khor).</p> + +<p class="p3">Wood is durable and suitable for building +purposes.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn288-7" title="Albizzia"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. Welwitschii</span> <em>Oliv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Large tree, up to 80 ft. high; extremities glabrous +or tawny-puberulous. Leaf-rachis 3-10 in. long, with 1 gland near +the base and 1 or more above; pinnæ 3-5 pairs; leaflets 4-8 pairs +obliquely ovate to rhomboid, up to 2 in. long. Flower-heads forming +short terminal corymbs or 1-2 together, axillary. Pod straight or +slightly curved, 4-5 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn288-8" title="Albizzia"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. sp.</span> MANDOMI—Bari.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tree, 30-40 ft. Leaflets 4 pairs, very obliquely +oblong, about 1½ in. long, ¾ in. broad, glabrous, except the +puberulous midrib. Fruits 5½ in. long, 1 in. broad, reticulate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Sillitoe No. 191).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn288-9" title="Albizzia"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. sp.</span> BENDE—Golo or Dinka.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fruits flat, 5 in. long, 1 in. broad, glabrous. Seeds +broadly elliptic, flat, ½ in. long, with a large wrinkled aril.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (by the Pongo River, 8° +N.L.)</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="papilionace">PAPILIONACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn289"><span class= +"sn">289</span><span class="taxon bold">Lotononis Leobordea</span> +<em>Benth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small procumbent herb, silky pubescent. Flowers 2-5, +sessile, in axils of 3-fol. leaves; calyx with 4 upper teeth more +or less connate; corolla yellow; stamens 10, monadelphous, the tube +slit along the top. Pod length of calyx, linear-oblong, turgid.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Dongonab).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn290"><span class= +"sn">290</span><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_176">[176]</span><span class="taxon bold">Rothia +hirsuta</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small annual; corolla white to pale violet; stamens +10, monadelphous; tubes slit along the top; calyx deeply 5-cleft. +Pod lanceolate, inflated. Leaves 3-fol.</p> + +<p class="p2">Khartoum & Kordofan Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn291"><span class= +"sn">291</span><span class="taxon bold">Crotalaria thebaica</span> +<em>DC.</em> TAKTAKA (Atbara), UMANKEIT or NUTTASH (N. +Kordn.)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrubby herb; flowers pale yellow; stamens 10, +monadelphous, in a tube slit along the top; style abruptly bent +upwards in this genus; pod ¼ in. long. Leaves simple, sessile, +oblong, silky.</p> + +<p class="p2">North Sudan; Between Goz Regeb & Kassala; Berber +Prov. (Atbara); Kordofan Prov. (North & West); Darfur Prov. (60 m. +N.E. of El Fasher).</p> + +<p class="p3">Used as one of the ingredients to cure gonorrhœa.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn291-2" title="Crotalaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. Vogelii</span> <em>Benth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect, hairy herb, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves simple, +linear to linear-lanceolate. Flowers in lax racemes, yellow, veined +purple. Pod ⅜ in. long, linear-oblong.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn291-3" title="Crotalaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. calycina</span> <em>Schrank.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect herb, 1-2 ft. high, or more, very hairy; leaves +variable, nearly sessile, simple. Flowers large, hairy, yellow, 4-8 +in terminal racemes, peduncles stout, deflexed in fruit, bracts in +pairs, beneath each flower; calyx large, equalling petals; pod +rather short, glabrous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn291-4" title="Crotalaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. sphærocarpa</span> <em>Guill.</em> & +<em>Perr.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual with 3-fol. leaves; leaflets sessile, +linear-oblong. Flowers in long-stalked, lax racemes; cor. yellow. +Pod roundish-oblong, ⅙ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land & +Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">var. angustifolia</span> +<em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p4">Leaflets linear-oblong, sessile, glabrous above, +appressed-pubescent below. Racemes many-flowered, 3-6 in. long. +Pods sessile, obovoid, ¼ in. long, pubescent, often 2-seeded.</p> + +<p class="p4">Kordofan & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">var. grandiflora</span> +<em>Schwfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p4">Leaflets linear-oblanceolate. Flowers larger: keel +¼-⅓ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p4">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn291-5" title="Crotalaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. atrorubens</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb 18 in. to 3 ft. high; corolla yellow, tinged +with red; pod sessile, ⅜ in. long, silky. Leaves nearly sessile; +leaflets 3, subsessile, terminal, one oblanceolate, silky +beneath.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov., Darfur Prov. (Kulme).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn291-6" title="Crotalaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. ononoides</span> <em>Benth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb. Leaves trifoliate, leaflets oblong-elliptic or +lanceolate,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_177">[177]</span> acute, +1-2 in. long, pubescent below. Pod sessile, glabrous, ⅓ in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Addai).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn291-7" title="Crotalaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. lupinioides</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrubby plant. Fl. yellow in elongate racemes; pod +much curved upwards, filled with silky hairs. Leaflets 3, +subsessile.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia (between Suakin & Berber); Kassala Prov. +(Gallabat); Berber Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn291-8" title="Crotalaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. spinosa</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrubby, spiny annual, 6-18 in. high. Leaflets 3, +emarginate. Flowers yellow, solitary or in pairs from the axils of +spines.</p> + +<p class="p2">Widely distributed in White Nile & Bahr El Jebel; +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nganye).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn291-9" title="Crotalaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. laburnifolia</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Semi-shrubby herb. Leaves 3-fol.; keel of corolla +very long-beaked; pod long-stalked, inflated.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (Kulme).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn291-10" title="Crotalaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. near laburnifolia</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub plant, under cultivation reaching 8-10 ft. in +height. Corolla yellow, not streaked with purple; keel much +recurved.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nuba Mts. Prov. (Dilling).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn291-11" title="Crotalaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. polysperma</span> <em>Kotschy.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Rufous, villous herb. Leaflets 3, short-stalked, +obovate-oblong. Flowers 6-8, in lax, lateral, long-peduncled +racemes.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn291-12" title="Crotalaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. polysperma</span> <em>Kotschy.</em> <span class= +"taxon bold">subspecies C. Grantii</span> <em>Baker.</em> TAKTAKA +(Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; DIAGNE (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka.</p> + +<p class="p2">Villous herb; corolla blue in bud. Pod subsessile, +turgid, with fine brown hairs; seeds 30-40.</p> + +<p class="p2">Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf & +southwards).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn291-13" title="Crotalaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. intermedia</span> <em>Kotschy.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, 2-3 ft. high. Corolla usually yellow, but in +specimens from the Bahr El Jebel it is much streaked with purple +and sometimes quite purple.</p> + +<p class="p2">Upper Nile Prov. (Tonga: Ragaba); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Jur-land); Mongalla Prov. (Gemeiza & Mongalla); Darfur Prov. +(Zalingei); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).</p> + +<p class="p3">The Bongos make strong string from its fibre.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn291-14" title="Crotalaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. brevidens</span> <em>Benth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect herb. Leaflets 3, subsessile, glabrous, linear. +Flowers in few-flowered terminal racemes. Pod cylindrical, +glabrous, 1½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn291-15" title="Crotalaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. cannabina</span> <em>Schwfth.</em> URU—Golo; +KHOLO—Bongo; AWIRKI—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tall, shrubby herb, erect, stems sulcate, winged. +Leaves<span class="pagenum" id="Page_178">[178]</span> 3-foliolate; +leaflets oblong or oblong-elliptic, 2-4½ in. long. Flowers large, +numerous, in racemes. Pods oblong-cylindric, 1½-2 in. long, +becoming glabrous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land, Niamniam & Bongo +lands).</p> + +<p class="p3">The fibre is used for ropes and in Bongo-land the +plant is cultivated.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn291-16" title="Crotalaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. maxillaris</span> <em>Klotzsch.</em> ABKILEH +(Atbara) SAFEIRA, SABARIG & TAWILA (Abu Haraz, Blue Nile)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrubby herb, 2-3 ft. high, downy. Leaflets 3, +subsessile, oblong. Racemes terminal, many-flowered; corolla +yellow. Pod oblong, very silky, ⅜ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Berber Prov. (near El Damer); Blue Nile Prov. (Abu +Haraz); White Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (Tueir & El Greo); Darfur +Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn291-17" title="Crotalaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. Forbesii</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Undershrub, 12-18 in. high, densely grey-downy. +Flowers yellowish, axillary, solitary or in pairs. Pod silky, under +½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Abu Naama).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn291-18" title="Crotalaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. Dilloniana</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb; leaflets 3, glabrous, central one 3½ in. long +and 1 in. broad. Pod ¾ in. long, linear, deflexed on elongated +terminal racemes.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn291-19" title="Crotalaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. Quartiniana</span> <em>A. Rich.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Silky herb, 1 ft. high. Leaflets 3, central one 1½ +in. long. Racemes lateral, 3-4 flowered; corolla reddish. Pod 1 in. +long and ½ in. thick, glabrous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s post); Upper White Nile Prov. +(Meshra El Zeraf); Darfur Prov. (Zalingei); Kordofan (Obeid).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn291-20" title="Crotalaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. microphylla</span> <em>Vahl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tufted herb, up to 1 ft. high. Leaflets 3, very +small, sessile. Flowers axillary, solitary or in pairs, yellow. Pod +oblong, glabrous, under ½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Geteina).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn291-21" title="Crotalaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. microcarpa</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, 6-12 in. high, thinly brown-silky. Leaflets 3, +central one ½ in. long, linear-oblong. Flowers yellow, in clusters +of 2-4. Pod ¼ in. long, silky.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); White Nile Prov. (J. +Arashkol).</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">var. Dawei</span> <em>Baker +fil.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan & Darfur Provinces.</p> + +<p class="p3">Rather woody; cor. tinged with red. Leaves rather +broader than in type.</p> + +<p class="p4">Mongalla Prov. (Bari-land).</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">var. Sudanica</span> +<em>Baker fil.</em></p> + +<p class="p4">Slender annual. Leaves narrow, ashy grey; racemes +lax,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_179">[179]</span> 2-3 flowered. +Pod sessile, sub-globose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nuba Mts. Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn291-22" title="Crotalaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. podocarpa</span> <em>DC.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb 1-2 ft. high. Leaflets 3, sessile, oblanceolate. +Flowers axillary, 2-3 together, yellow. Pod up to 1 in. long and ½ +in. thick.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn291-23" title="Crotalaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. goreensis</span> <em>Guill.</em> & +<em>Perr.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrubby herb, 1-3 ft. high. Stipules ¼ to ½ in. long, +lanceolate-falcate. Flowers 10-20 in dense heads, yellow tinged +with red. Pod oblong ¾ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn291-24" title="Crotalaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. Deflersii</span> <em>Schwfth.</em> (= <span class= +"taxon bold">C. senegalensis</span> <em>Bacle</em>). FARTAGA (Bl. +Nile)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bushy herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves 3-fol.; leaflets +sessile, oblong to oblanceolate. Racemes terminal, 20-30 flowered; +corolla bright yellow. Pod about ½ in. long, 10-12 seeded.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov.; Blue Nile Prov. (Upper); White Nile +Prov. (Hillet Abbas); Kordofan Prov. (Abu Gerad).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn291-25" title="Crotalaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. elata</span> <em>Welw.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect undershrub, 2-3 ft. high. Leaflets 3, +oblong-lanceolate, adpressed brown silky below. Flowers yellow, 1 +in. long, 3-6 together on short leaf-opposed peduncles. Pod oblong, +subsessile 1½ in. long, with dense brown silky hairs.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn291-26" title="Crotalaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. pycnostachya</span> <em>Benth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, about 18 in. high. Leaflets 3, central one 1 +in. long. Flowers 20-50 in dense lateral racemes 2-3 in. long. Pod +cylindrical, ⅜ in. long, downy.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (near Roseires).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn291-27" title="Crotalaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. astragalina</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, about 1 ft. high. Leaflets 3, central one 1½ +in. long. Flowers 6-12 in dense lateral racemes, yellow, streaked +with purple. Pod cylindrical, ½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: by the Gendua River); Bahr +El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn291-28" title="Crotalaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. bongensis</span> <em>Baker fil.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual with slender branches. Leaves simple, +linear-lanceolate, 3-5 cm. long, 0.5 cm. broad, pilose beneath. +Racemes axillary. Flowers small. Pod subsessile, oblong, 7-8 cm. +long, at first densely pubescent, 8-seeded.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir, Jur-land: Jur +Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn291-29" title="Crotalaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. retusa</span> <em>Linn.</em> URU—Golo.</p> + +<p class="p2">Woody herb. Leaves simple, oblanceolate, sessile, 2 +in. long. Racemes 4-6 in. long, terminal. Corolla yellow. Pod +linear, 1½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">The fibre is used for ropes and nets.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn291-30" title="Crotalaria"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_180">[180]</span><span class="taxon bold">C. +falcata</span> <em>Vahl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrubby, 2-3 ft. high. Leaflets 3, obovate, central +one 1½ in. long. Racemes lax, terminal and axillary; cor. yellow, +keel much upcurved. Pod 1½ in. long, cylindrical.</p> + +<p class="p2">Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat River, Nasser).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn291-31" title="Crotalaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. striata</span> <em>DC.</em> BIRBUS—Arab; +URU—Golo.</p> + +<p class="p2">Erect woody herb, up to 6 ft. high. Pod glabrous, +20-30 seeded, ½ in. long. Cor. bright yellow. Leaflets 3.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Fung Prov. (Jongol’s +Post).</p> + +<p class="p3">The fibre is used in the Bahr El Ghazal for making +nets for catching big game.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn291-32" title="Crotalaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. zanzibarica</span> <em>Benth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small undershrub. Flowers yellow; legumes oblong. +Racemes terminal of 10-20 flowers.</p> + +<p class="p2">Upper White Nile Prov. (between Abwong & Nasser).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn291-33" title="Crotalaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. platycalyx</span> <em>Steud.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Bushy herb; cor. white or yellow; keel long-beaked, +much upcurved. Racemes lateral, few-flowered. Pod long-stalked, +cylindrical, ab. 1½ in. long. Leaflets 3, central one 2½ in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf to +Malakal).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn292"><span class= +"sn">292</span><span class="taxon bold">Lupinus Termis</span> +<em>Forsk.</em> TIRMIS—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Silky herb, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves digitate, 5-7 fol. +Racemes of 4-12 flowers. Cor. blue and white. Pod 3 in. long and +ab. ½ in. thick.</p> + +<p class="p2">Sudan North.</p> + +<p class="p3">Cultivated for the seed which is highly nutritious +and credited with mild medicinal properties.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn293"><span class= +"sn">293</span><span class="taxon bold">Argyrolobium +abyssinicum</span> <em>Jaub.</em> & <em>Spach.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, 6-18 in. high. Leaves 3-fol.; leaflets linear +or oblanceolate. Racemes axillary, 2-3 flowered; calyx bilabiate, +the two upper teeth free; cor. pale yellow. Pod linear, grey silky, +ab. 1 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (21°-22° N.L.); Blue Nile Prov. +(Upper).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn293-2" title="Argyrolobium"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. Schimperianum</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small shrub. Leaves 3-fol.; leaflets obovate, blunt, +not more than 1 in. long. Flowers 3-8 in terminal heads, yellow. +Pod linear brown-silky.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn294"><span class= +"sn">294</span><span class="taxon bold">Trigonella +Fœnum-græcum</span> <em>Linn.</em> HELBA—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaflets 3, obovate-cuneate. +Flowers yellow, solitary or in pairs, axillary. Pod linear-falcate, +2-4 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Northern Sudan. (Cultivated as a vegetable.)</p> + +<p class="p3">The seeds yield a yellow dye; the yellow decoction +gives a fine permanent green with Sulphate of Copper. Medicinally +the seeds are used to cure dyspepsia, diarrhœa and dysentery.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn294-2" title="Trigonella"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_181">[181]</span><span class="taxon bold">T. +hamosa</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual. Leaflets 3, obovate-cuneate, the upper margin +inciso-crenate. Flowers yellow, 6-12 in axillary racemes. Pod +linear-falcate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Dongola Prov. (Opposite Letti); Berber Prov. +(Shendi); Khartoum; White Nile; Kordofan Prov. (Habaga).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn294-3" title="Trigonella"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. occulta</span> <em>Del.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual; leaflets toothed near apex; stipules deeply +laciniate from the apex. Flowers yellow, in axillary clusters of +2-4. Pod elliptical, reticulated.</p> + +<p class="p2">Khartoum, Fung & Kordofan Provinces.</p> + +<p class="p3">The seeds are sometimes used for dysentery; the +plants and pods are eaten as a pot-herb.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn294-4" title="Trigonella"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. laciniata</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Diffuse glabrous annual. Stipules laciniate; leaflets +3, deeply serrated. Racemes of 6-12 axillary, yellow flowers. Pod +linear oblong, transversely veined.</p> + +<p class="p2">Dongola Prov.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn295"><span class= +"sn">295</span><span class="taxon bold">Medicago sativa</span> +<em>Linn.</em> BERSĪM HEGAZI—Arab. Lucerne.</p> + +<p class="p2">Herb; pod spirally contorted, so as to form 2 or 3 +flat spires. Leaflets 3, linear-oblanceolate, serrate on upper +margin; stipules narrow. Flowers violet or blue, in axillary +racemes.</p> + +<p class="p2">Introduced.</p> + +<p class="p3">The Arabian variety is mostly cultivated in the +Sudan. Under irrigation it is an excellent fodder crop.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn296"><span class= +"sn">296</span><span class="taxon bold">Trifolium fragiferum</span> +<em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb; heads globular; flowers small; calyx inflated +after flowering. Leaflets 3, obovate, toothed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn296-2" title="Trifolium"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. procumbens</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Slender, glabrous or slightly downy annual; +flower-heads loosely globular. Leaflets obovate or obcordate, +toothed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn296-3" title="Trifolium"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. alexandrinum</span> <em>Linn.</em> BERSĪM +BALADI—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous herb, 1-2 ft. high. Flowers 20-30 in. in +dense oblong, long-stalked heads, yellow. Pod minute. Leaflets +sessile, obovate-cuneate, toothed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Northern Sudan (cultivated).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn297"><span class= +"sn">297</span><span class="taxon bold">Lotus nubicus</span> +<em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Procumbent herb, 3-6 in. high; leaves pinnate; +leaflets 3-5, the lowest pair close to the axil. Flowers +reddish-yellow, 1-4 together with a leaflet-like bract at the base +of the cluster. Pod linear-oblong, small.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Dongonab, etc.); White Nile Prov. (J. +Arashkol, etc.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn297-2" title="Lotus"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. arabicus</span> <em>Linn.</em> LŪTABELAIN (Meshra +El Zeraf)—Arab; AKIA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka.</p> + +<p class="p2">Prostrate or procumbent herb with thick rootstock. +Leaflets<span class="pagenum" id="Page_182">[182]</span> 5. Flowers +reddish, 2-4 together with a leaflet-like bract. Pod linear, +slightly torulose up to 1½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L. & Akik); Khartoum Prov.; Blue +Nile Prov.; Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Upper White Nile Prov. +(Meshra El Zeraf to Khor Attar).</p> + +<p class="p3">It is said to be poisonous to cattle when young.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn297-3" title="Lotus"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. glinoides</span> <em>Del.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrubby herb, 6-12 in. high. Leaflets 5. Flowers +reddish, 1-4 together, with a 3-fol. bract. Pod linear, +subtorulose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Dongonab).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn297-4" title="Lotus"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. Garcini</span> <em>DC.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrubby herb, 6-12 in. high. Leaflets 3. Flowers +reddish, solitary, axillary sessile. Pod linear, nearly ½ in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn297-5" title="Lotus"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. sp. near L. Ehrenbergii</span> +<em>Schwfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small herb, woody at base; stems and leaves villous; +leaflets very small, obovate. Flowers 3-4 in a cluster, pink. Pods +linear, ¾ in. long, pilose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn297-6" title="Lotus"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. corniculatus</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Decumbent or ascending herb, usually small; leaflets +5, of which the lower pair is close to the stem; flowers in an +umbel of 5 or more; pod cylindrical.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: high elevation).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn297-7" title="Lotus"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. sp.</span> +</p> + +<p class="p2">Stems elongated, sparsely leafy, pilose. Leaves +small, villous. Flowers ½ in. long; calyx lobes subulate, 2 mm. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn298"><span class= +"sn">298</span><span class="taxon bold">Psoralea plicata</span> +<em>Del.</em> RUBL or RUML (N. Kordn.)—Arab; HURGIG—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Low spiny shrub. Leaflets 3, deeply crenate and +silvery pubescent. Flowers 4-6 in axillary spikes; cor. creamy +white. Pod villose, black.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Um Adam); Berber Prov. (Nile banks); +Blue Nile Prov. (Rufaa); Fung Prov. (Singa); Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn299"><span class= +"sn">299</span><span class="taxon bold">Cyamopsis +senegalensis</span> <em>Guill.</em> & <em>Perr.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, 6-12 in. high. Leaves 3-7 pinnately fol. +Flowers 4-6 in axillary racemes, reddish. Pod linear, +subtetragonous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Between Suakin & Berber (Wadi Dimehadit); White Nile +Prov. (J. Arashkol).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn300"><span class= +"sn">300</span><span class="taxon bold">Indigofera linifolia</span> +<em>Retz.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, 6-9 in. high; leaves simple; pod globose. +Flowers red, in axillary racemes. Anthers, in this genus, with +apiculate connective.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Kassala Prov. +(Gallabat).</p> + +<p class="p3">It is given medicinally in febrile eruptions.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn300-2" title="Indigofera"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. Dewevrei</span> <em>M. Mich.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Undershrub; stems angular. Leaves simple, linear, +very<span class="pagenum" id="Page_183">[183]</span> acute, 2-2½ +in. long, shortly strigose-pubescent on both sides. Fls. axillary, +solitary.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn300-3" title="Indigofera"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. tetrasperma</span> <em>Schum.</em> & +<em>Thonn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Much branched undershrub, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves simple +linear. Flowers scarlet, 1-2 in axils of leaves. Pod linear with a +mucro.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Agada, Bongo-land: +Sabbi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn300-4" title="Indigofera"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. bongensis</span> <em>Kotschy</em> & +<em>Peyr.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small procumbent herb. Leaves simple, obovate. Fl. +purple, in axillary racemes. Pod narrow-linear, silky, ¾ in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land & Bongo-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn300-5" title="Indigofera"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. achyranthoides</span> <em>Taubert.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stems short from a woody rhizome, minutely pubescent. +Leaves simple, obovate-oblanceolate, acutely mucronate, very +closely appressed-puberulous. Racemes spike-like, axillary, 3½ in. +long. Fls. at length reflexed; calyx-lobes subulate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn300-6" title="Indigofera"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Taubert.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves simple or up to 4-foliate; leaflets +linear-oblanceolate acutely mucronate, up to 2 in. long and ⅙ in. +broad, appressed-setulose. Racemes much longer than the leaves. +Fls. very small.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Kutshuk Ali & +Bongo-land: by the Lehsi River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn300-7" title="Indigofera"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. arenaria</span> <em>A. Rich.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small herb densely branched from base. Leaves usually +simple rarely 3-5 fol. Flowers axile in subsessile abbreviated +racemes; cor. bright purple. Pod narrow-linear, silky, ½ in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Suakin to Berber (Obak); Dongola Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn300-8" title="Indigofera"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. pulchra</span> <em>Vahl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Undershrub, 2-5 ft. high. Leaflets 3-7. Infl. +various, panicled or solitary; cor. scarlet, silky outside. Pod +small, oblong, villose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Jur-land: Kutshuk Ali).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn300-9" title="Indigofera"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. diphylla</span> <em>Vent.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Woolly herb or undershrub, up to 2 ft. high. Leaflets +2, terminal one longer. Fl. pink in short dense, axillary racemes. +Pod linear, beaked silky, ½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (50 m. east of El +Fasher).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn300-10" title="Indigofera"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. bracteolata</span> <em>DC.</em> DERMA (N. +Kordn.)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Undershrub, 1-2 ft. high. Leaflets 3-5. Racemes with +a leaflet-like bract at the base of each reddish flower. Pod small, +oblong, mucronate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); North Kordofan Prov. (W. of +Mazrul); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn300-11" title="Indigofera"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_184">[184]</span><span class="taxon bold">I. +strobilifera</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, 1 ft. high. Leaflets 5-7. Flowers in dense +heads with large roundish bracts concealing the flowers. Pod small, +oblong, subterete, mucronate.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile & Kordofan Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn300-12" title="Indigofera"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. spinosa</span> <em>Forsk.</em> +SANGADD—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Branched shrub, with rigid spines 1½ in. long. Leaves +simple and 3-fol. Flowers red, solitary from the spines. Pod ½ in. +long, linear, mucronate, subtorulose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit to 22° N.L.); between Suakin +and Berber (Wadi Arab).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn300-13" title="Indigofera"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. sparsa</span> <em>Baker.</em> <span class= +"taxon bold">var. bongensis</span> <em>Baker fil.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb 9 in. high. Leaflets 3-7. Flowers red, solitary +or in pairs, axillary. Pod linear, glabrous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn300-14" title="Indigofera"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. suaveolens</span> <em>Jaub.</em> & +<em>Spach.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Woody erect herb. Leaflets 3. Flowers solitary to 4 +clustered laxly. Pod linear, subtetragonous, 1 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan & Darfur Provinces; Bahr El Jebel (Madi); +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn300-15" title="Indigofera"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. viscosa</span> <em>Lam.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, 1-4 ft. high, branches clothed with glandular +hairs; leaflets 7-13. Racemes axillary, 4-6 flowered. Cor. reddish. +Pod linear, 1 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung. Prov. (Saoleil); Kordofan Prov. (Abu +Gerad).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn300-16" title="Indigofera"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. pilosa</span> <em>Vahl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small herb, densely silky. Leaflets 3. Flowers +solitary to 4 together, axillary, pink. Pod linear, black when +ripe.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nuba Mts. Prov. (Um Durein); Mongalla Prov. +(Gondokoro).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn300-17" title="Indigofera"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. dendroides</span> <em>Jacq.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaflets 21-31. Racemes +lax, 8-12 flowered; cor. pink. Pod narrow-linear, 1½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Addai).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn300-18" title="Indigofera"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. parviflora</span> <em>Heyne.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaflets 5-7. Fl. lilac, in short +axillary racemes. Pod linear, deflexed, silvery when young.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Kordofan Prov. (Abu Gerad); Upper White Nile +Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); Mongalla Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn300-19" title="Indigofera"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. stenophylla</span> <em>Guill.</em> & +<em>Perr.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall herb. Leaflets 7-13 short pet.; flowers purple +or pink in lax axillary racemes. Pod linear-mucronate, up to 2 in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); White Nile Prov.; Nuba Mts. +Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn300-20" title="Indigofera"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. Welwitschii</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Branched annual, 1 ft. high. Leaflets 3. Racemes of +4-9 bright red flowers. Pod linear, upcurved.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal (Bongo-land: Addai & Gir).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn300-21" title="Indigofera"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_185">[185]</span><span class="taxon bold">I. +pseudo-subulata</span> <em>Baker fil.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves pinnately trifoliolate; +leaflets oblong or narrowly obovate. Racemes many-coloured; +peduncle whitish hairy. Pod straight, recurved at the apex, +hairy.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Sabbi & +Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn300-22" title="Indigofera"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. subulata</span> <em>Vahl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual or biennial, 2-3 ft. high. Leaflets 5. Racemes +lax, axillary, of ab. 20 flowers; cor. lilac. Pods narrow-linear, +deflexed, 1-2 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn300-23" title="Indigofera"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. hirsuta</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Villous herb, 2-3 ft. high, with spreading reddish +hair. Leaves 5-7 fol. Racemes dense, 2-5 in. long; cor. scarlet; +pods deflexed, hairy, linear ¾ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile Prov. (J. Moya); White Nile Prov.; Upper +White Nile Prov. (Opposite Tonga); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Um Durein); +Mongalla Prov. (Kagulu, Yei River District); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn300-24" title="Indigofera"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. paucifolia</span> <em>Del.</em> DAHASSIR—Arab; LO +(Kenissa)—Dinka.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bushy undershr. with variable leaves; leaflets 3-7; +pods torulose, linear, hoary. Flowers in dense axillary racemes; +cor. scarlet, silvery outside.</p> + +<p class="p2">Northern Sudan; Blue Nile, White Nile, Kordofan, +Darfur & Mongalla Provinces.</p> + +<p class="p3">Good camel fodder. The root, boiled in milk used as a +purgative.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn300-25" title="Indigofera"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. oblongifolia</span> <em>Forsk.</em> DAHASSIR (Blue +Nile)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub, silver in all its parts. Leaflets 3-5, +obovate-oblong, appressed pubescent on both surfaces, about ½ in. +long. Pod torulose, glaucous, 6-8-seeded, ⅔ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Khartoum Prov. (6th Cataract); Blue Nile and Kordofan +Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn300-26" title="Indigofera"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. astragalina</span> <em>DC.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaflets 7-11, white hairy. +Racemes dense, 1-4 in. long. Cor. yellow; pods narrow-linear, ½ in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Surutj).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn300-27" title="Indigofera"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. alternans</span> <em>DC.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Prostrate herb with silvery hairs. Leaflets 7-9. +Racemes dense 12-20 flowered. Cor. violet; pods deflected, linear, +½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (foothills of Jeb. Marra 5,000 ft.).</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">var. paucijuga</span> +<em>Schwfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p4">Leaflets 3-5. Pods ⅓ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p4">Between Suakin & Berber (Wadi Haraza).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn300-28" title="Indigofera"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. semitrijuga</span> <em>Forsk.</em> EL SHEREI’A (N. +Kordn.)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bushy herb, glaucous-silvery. Leaflets 3 pairs and an +odd<span class="pagenum" id="Page_186">[186]</span> one, which is +stalked. Racemes 6-12 flowered. Pods linear, ¾ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (coast); between Suakin & Berber; +Berber Prov. (near Abu Hamed); Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn300-29" title="Indigofera"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. Garckeana</span> <em>Vatke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub with winged stems. Leaves pinnate. Leaflets +7-11, ovate or elliptic, 1½-2 cm. long, about 1 cm. broad, finely +appressed-pubescent. Racemes dense, ¾ as long as the leaves, with +long linear bracts. Pods reflexed, 2 in. long, strigose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn300-30" title="Indigofera"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. Quartiniana</span> <em>A. Rich.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Undershrub, 2-3 ft. high. Leaflets 5-7, thinly silky. +Racemes short; cor. purplish. Pod linear, spreading, 1½ in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (coast, 22° N.L.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn300-31" title="Indigofera"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. Binderi</span> <em>Kotschy.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Scabrous undershrub. Leaflets 3-7, obovate, +emarginate and mucronate. Racemes of ab. 20 flowers.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & +Bongo-land: Addai).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn300-32" title="Indigofera"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. Schimperi</span> <em>Jaub.</em> & +<em>Spach.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Much branched shrub, up to 10 ft. high, silvery. +Leaflets 5-7, obovate. Flowers purplish, ab. 20 in close, axillary +racemes. Pod linear, 1 in. long, deflexed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn300-33" title="Indigofera"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. secundiflora</span> <em>Poir.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Bushy herb, clothed with red or greyish hairs mixed +with stalked glands. Leaves subsessile, 9-13 fol. Racemes dense; +cor. reddish. Pod linear-oblong, ¾ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn300-34" title="Indigofera"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. microcarpa</span> <em>Desv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Canescent annual or biennial. Leaflets 8-12, +opposite, oblanceolate, rounded at the apex. Racemes rather +lax-flowered, shorter than the leaves. Pods ellipsoid, ⅙ in. long, +strigose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn300-35" title="Indigofera"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. articulata</span> <em>Gouan.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub, up to 12 ft. high, very glaucous. Leaflets 9, +opposite, obovate, appressed-pubescent. Racemes about ⅓ as long as +the leaves. Pods sickle-shaped, tomentose, torulose, ½ in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov.; Berber Prov. (Barbadiap, Atbara); Blue +Nile Prov. (J. Kon); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé); Red Sea Prov. +(Khor Aiet).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn300-36" title="Indigofera"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. argentea</span> <em>Linn.</em> NIL BALADI—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Much-branched shrub, silvery. Leaflets 9, silvery on +both sides, obovate. Racemes of 12-20 yellow flowers. Pod falcate, +terete, deflected, ½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé).</p> + +<p class="p3">Yields an indigo.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn300-37" title="Indigofera"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_187">[187]</span><span class="taxon bold">I. +arrecta</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Much-branched shrub, silky. Leaflets 13-17, +oblanceolate, turn black when dried. Racemes of 6-12 yellow +flowers. Pod deflexed, linear, up to ¾ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile Prov.; Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, near Gindi, +7,400 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land & Mittu-land).</p> + +<p class="p3">The chief Indigo producing plant in Africa, largely +cultivated in Java.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn300-38" title="Indigofera"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. tinctoria</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Bushy shrub, 2-4 ft. high, with white appressed +hairs. Leaflets 7-11; pod linear, cylindrical, apiculate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov. (Rufaa); Fung Prov.; +Kordofan Prov. (El Obeid); Mongalla Prov. (Kenissa).</p> + +<p class="p3">Yields a large percentage of the Indigo of commerce. +It is also suitable for green manure.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn300-39" title="Indigofera"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. emarginella</span> <em>Steud.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Undershrub, 3-4 ft. high, almost glabrous. Leaflets +9, obovate, apex rounded, mucronate. Flowers yellow, in dense +axillary conical racemes. Pod narrow-linear, deflexed, ¾ in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Sueh +River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn300-40" title="Indigofera"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. anabaptista</span> <em>Steud.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Branched shrub. Leaflets 3-5 oblong-oblanceolate up +to 1 in. long, appressed-pilose. Racemes very short. Flowers and +pods reflexed, the latter curved, flat, ¾ in. long, laxly +pubescent.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Berber Prov. (Zeidab & +Shendi); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (Abu +Gerad).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn300-41" title="Indigofera"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. aspera</span> <em>Perr.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, 1 ft. or more high. Leaflets 5, +linear-lanceolate, silvery. Flowers pink, 20-30 in axillary +racemes, 2-3 in. long. Pod deflexed, narrow-linear, 1 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn300-42" title="Indigofera"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. arabica</span> <em>Jaub.</em> & <em>Spach.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Branched, bushy herb, silky. Leaflets 3-5 obovate, +lateral ones often folded, with decurved point. Racemes axillary +short, of 6-10 scarlet flowers. Pod linear-oblong, mucronate, +subtorulose, under ½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn300-43" title="Indigofera"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. cordifolia</span> <em>Roth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Bushy herb, 6-9 in. high, densely villous. Leaves +simple, cordate-ovate. Flowers red, in dense axillary clusters, 3-6 +together. Pods oblong, cuspidate, minute.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Blue Nile & Kordofan Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn300-44" title="Indigofera"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. conjugata</span> <em>Baker</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrubby; branches almost 4-angled. Leaflets 3, the +terminal one up to 2½ in. long and up to ½ in. broad. Racemes +axillary;<span class="pagenum" id="Page_188">[188]</span> +short-stalked, of 20 fl. and more. Cor. yellowish. Pod deflexed, +linear, 1 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn300-45" title="Indigofera"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. capitata</span> <em>Kotschy.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub. Leaflets 7-9. Flowers in dense, rounded +terminal heads, 1 in. broad; bracts pinnate. Pod oblong, small.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn300-46" title="Indigofera"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. parvula</span> <em>Del.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Trailing herb; leaflets 3, small cuneate. Flowers in +lax, subsessile clusters of 2-4. Pod linear, ½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn300-47" title="Indigofera"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. costata</span> <em>Guill.</em> & <em>Perr.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Scabrous herb. Leaflets 13-15. Racemes slender, +axillary, 2-3 in. long. Cor. pink. Pod linear, deflexed, 1 in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn300-48" title="Indigofera"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. oxalidea</span> <em>Welw.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small herb. Leaflets 3-5, the lateral ones alternate. +Racemes lax, of 6-20 purplish flowers. Pod deflexed, linear, under +½ in. long; style persistent.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Harun forest); Mongalla Prov. +(Mongalla).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn300-49" title="Indigofera"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. endecaphylla</span> <em>Jacq.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Bushy herb, 1-3 ft. high. Leaflets 7-9, oblong. +Racemes dense, 1-4 in. long. Cor. purple. Pod linear, deflexed, ¾ +in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s +Post); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn300-50" title="Indigofera"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. orthocarpa</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Branched undershrub; pods cylindrical, straight, +deflexed. Leaflets 9-13, obovate. Racemes sessile, 10-20 flowered; +cor. yellow.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia (from Berber southwards); Khartoum Prov.; Blue +Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Jebelein); Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn300-51" title="Indigofera"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. suffruticosa</span> <em>Mill.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Undershrub. Leaflets about 10, oblong or obovate. +Pods much curved, ⅔ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile Prov. (J. Moya).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn300-52" title="Indigofera"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. tritoides</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Prostrate herb. Leaflets 3, obovate, very acute, up +to 1 in. long, densely appressed-pilose. Racemes elongated, +lax-flowered. Pods nearly straight, 1¾ in. long, shortly +pubescent.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia (Suakin to Berber).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn300-53" title="Indigofera"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. near Bainesii</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect undershrub; pods recurved, nearly ½ in. long. +Leaves simple, narrowly obovate, ⅓ in. long, closely appressed +hairy.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Port Sudan & Dongonab).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn301"><span class= +"sn">301</span><span class="taxon bold">Helminthocarpum +abyssinicum</span> <em>A. Rich.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Wiry, silky herb, 1 ft. high. Leaflets 7. Flowers 4-6 +together in short-stalked axillary heads. Cor. yellow +and<span class="pagenum" id="Page_189">[189]</span> red, twice the +length of calyx. Pods small, spirally twisted, of 1 spiral only or +less.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 7,000 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn302"><span class= +"sn">302</span><span class="taxon bold">Biserula Pelecinus</span> +<em>L.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Slender herb. Leaves pinnate. Leaflets about 12 +pairs, obovate, widely emarginate, ⅙ in. long, pilose. Flowers in +axillary racemes, few. Fruits flat, 1 in. long, with broad dentate +wings.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (J. Kurku: Darfur Plain, 3,600 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn303"><span class= +"sn">303</span><span class="taxon bold">Tephrosia humilis</span> +<em>Guill.</em> & <em>Perr.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, under 1 ft. high. Leaflets 9-11, linear-oblong, +silky beneath. Racemes leaf-opposed, of 6-12 pink flowers; anthers, +in this genus, not apiculate. Pod downy, linear, upcurved, up to 2 +in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn303-2" title="Tephrosia"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. nana</span> <em>Kotschy.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small herb; leaflets 9-11, linear-oblanceolate. +Racemes leaf-opposed, of 6-12 purple flowers. Pod linear, falcate, +silky.</p> + +<p class="p2">Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn303-3" title="Tephrosia"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. Vogelii</span> <em>Hook. f.</em> DAWA NA +SAMAKI—Arab (Tuku-Tuku dialect).</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub, 10 ft. high, with rusty-silky tomentum. +Racemes terminal, of 20-30 flowers, 4-6 in. long. Cor. violet, +rarely white, ab. 1 in. deep; style bearded. Pod 5 in. long, ½ in. +broad, brown-velvety. Leaflets 17-25.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Opari District); Belgian Congo +(Niamniam-land: by the Yuru River).</p> + +<p class="p3">Used to stupefy fish, the leaves and branches are +pounded and thrown on the surface of the water; the fish rise after +a few minutes and are quite wholesome and fit for food.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn303-4" title="Tephrosia"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. aff. T. hirtæ.</span> <em>Boj.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stout, bushy herb with fulvous hairs; pods densely +villous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn303-5" title="Tephrosia"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. Kotschyana</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaflets linear-lanceolate, about 2 in. long, finely +appressed pilose below; lateral nerves numerous, ascending. Racemes +long-stalked, lax-flowered. Pods falcate, 2 in. long, puberulous, +about 10-seeded.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn303-6" title="Tephrosia"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. linearis</span> <em>Pers.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Copiously branched perennial. Leaflets 5-17 linear, +grey-hairy. Racemes lax, 4-8 flowered. Cor. reddish. Pod linear, +1-2 in. long, narrow, downy.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & +Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn303-7" title="Tephrosia"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. nubica</span> <em>Baker.</em> UM SABA +(Medani)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Much-branched undershrub, 12-18 in. high; stems +woolly. Racemes terminal or leaf-opposed, 6-12 flowered; cor. pink. +Pods densely white-silky, 1-seeded.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (J. +Serg).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn303-8" title="Tephrosia"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_190">[190]</span><span class="taxon bold">T. +obcordata</span> <em>Baker.</em> IDEINAT EL FAR (N. +Kordn.)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Woody herb or undershrub. Stem and leaves white +woolly. Plant often adorned by white feathery tassel-like galls. +Leaves subsessile, simple, obcordate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov.; Darfur-Kordofan border, 13° N. +Lat.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn303-9" title="Tephrosia"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. rigida</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Undershrub. Leaflets 13-17, linear. Racemes terminal, +dense, 2-4 in. long. Cor. pale-red. Pod 2 in. long, ¼ in. broad, +slightly upcurved.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn303-10" title="Tephrosia"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. purpurea</span> <em>Pers.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Much-branched perennial, 1-2 ft. high; leaflets 5-10 +pair and a terminal one, on pilose stalk; pods ab. 1½ in. linear, +slightly curved, mucronate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (El Obeid).</p> + +<p class="p3">Fresh root-bark ground and made into a pill with a +little black pepper, is frequently given in cases of obstinate +colic.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">var. pubescens</span> +<em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p4">Darfur Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn303-11" title="Tephrosia"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. leptostachya</span> <em>DC.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stems ultimately glabrous, but pod silky, slightly +falcate, 1¾ in. long. Leaflets about 14, mucronate, 1 in. long, +shortly appressed-pubescent. Flowers few, in long lax racemes.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Disa); Kordofan Prov. (Abu Gerad).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn303-12" title="Tephrosia"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. Apollinea</span> <em>DC.</em> AMAYOK—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bushy herb, 12-18 in. high. Leaflets 5-9, oblong. +Racemes terminal or lateral, loosely 6-12 flowered; cor. red. Pod +narrow-linear, 1½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (22° N.L.); Wadi Halfa; Dongola Prov. +(Merowe); Berber Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov. (Medani); +Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">Said to be used to adulterate Senna.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn303-13" title="Tephrosia"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. vicioides</span> <em>A. Rich.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Diffusely-branched herb, silky. Leaflets 7-9, +obovate-oblong. Flowers purple, axillary, solitary or in pairs. Pod +1 in. long, narrow-linear, recurved.</p> + +<p class="p2">Berber Prov. (Shendi); Kordofan Prov. (Abu +Gerad).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn303-14" title="Tephrosia"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. lathyroides</span> <em>Guill.</em> & <em>Perr.</em> +UM SABA (Medani)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Herb. Leaves pinnate 5-foliolate; leaflets +lanceolate, subacute, about 1¼ in. long, thinly setulose. Flowers +axillary, clustered. Pod slightly curved, 1¾ in. long, thinly +pilose, about 8 seeded.</p> + +<p class="p2">Between Suakin & Berber (Wadi Leimab); Blue Nile +Prov. (Medani); Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn303-15" title="Tephrosia"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. uniflora</span> <em>Pers.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Bushy herb. Leaves about 8-foliolate; leaflets very +silky, oblanceolate, mucronate, ½-⅔ in. long. Flowers axillary, +solitary or paired. Pod slightly curved, 2 in. long, shortly +pubescent.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_191">[191]</span>Between Suakin & Berber (Omareg); Kassala +Prov. (Gallabat); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. +(El Greo).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn303-16" title="Tephrosia"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. lupinifolia</span> <em>DC.</em> KEREIWIT EL GHURAB +(N. Kordn.)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Wide trailing perennial with digitate leaves; +leaflets 5-7. Racemes terminal or leaf-opposed, up to 1 ft. long; +corolla reddish. Pod linear, sometimes oblong, 1-6 seeded.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Plains 40-80 m. N.E. of +El Fasher).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn303-17" title="Tephrosia"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. emeroides</span> <em>A. Rich.</em> SUREP +(Medani)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Somewhat woody herb. Leaves pinnately 5-7 fol. +Flowers yellow, solitary to 3 in the axils of leaves. Pods 2 in. +long, narrow, densely rusty-tomentose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile Prov. (Medani).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn303-18" title="Tephrosia"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. dichroocarpa</span> <em>Steud.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall, hairy herb or undershrub. Leaflets 11-15. +Racemes terminal, 6-9 in. long; cor. red. Pod narrow, silky, 2 in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn303-19" title="Tephrosia"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. fulvinervis</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, 2-3 ft. high; tawny silky. Leaflets 9-13, +linear, the midrib tawny. Racemes lateral with 3-4 distant, +tawny-silky flowers. Pod 2 in. long, narrow, silky.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn303-20" title="Tephrosia"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. subtriflora</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial. Leaflets 5-7. Flowers 1-3, sessile in +axils of the leaves; cor. purple. Pod 1¼ in. long, narrow.</p> + +<p class="p2">Dongola & Kordofan Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn303-21" title="Tephrosia"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. anthylloides</span> <em>Hochst.</em> UM +ATFEIR—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bushy herb or undershrub, 1-2 ft. high. Leaflets 7-9. +Flowers 1-3 axillary, purple. Pod up to 2½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Khartoum Prov. (J. Malakit); Blue Nile, White Nile, +Kordofan & Mongalla Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn303-22" title="Tephrosia"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. longipes</span> <em>Meissn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb; leaflets up to 9, linear, up to 2 in. long. +Racemes terminal and lateral, of 6-10 purple flowers. Pod 2 in. +long; linear, straight.</p> + +<p class="p2">Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn303-23" title="Tephrosia"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. incana</span> <em>Graham.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Grey woolly undershrub or herb. Leaflets 11-13 +oblanceolate. Racemes terminal or lateral, 6-12 in. long, lower +flowers in clusters of 3-4; cor. reddish. Pod deflexed and +recurved, 2 in. long, very silky.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (Gefil).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn304"><span class= +"sn">304</span><span class="taxon bold">Mundulea suberosa</span> +<em>Benth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small tree or large arborescent shrub; young twigs +pilose; leaflets 13-23. Racemes terminal and leaf-opposed 4-6 +in.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_192">[192]</span> long; cor. red. +Pod 3-5 in. long and under ½ in. broad, torulose, silky.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Eliri); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, +6,500 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn305"><span class= +"sn">305</span><span class="taxon bold">Milletia Barteri</span> +<em>Dunn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaflets 4 pairs and an odd one, opposite, +obovate-elliptic, obtusely acuminate, 3-4 in. long, 2 in. broad, +glabrous. Flowers rose, in large panicles. Calyx cupular, +silky.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Yabo River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn306"><span class= +"sn">306</span><span class="taxon bold">Sesbania punctata</span> +<em>DC.</em> TAURI—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Erect shrub with paripinnate leaves. Leaflets 20-50 +pair. Racemes 6-12 flowered; corolla yellow, much spotted with +purple. Pod 8-12 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">Recommended for growing as a green manure.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn306-2" title="Sesbania"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. ægyptiaca</span> <em>Pers.</em> SESABAN—Arab; +KAILKAIL (Dilling) & KENTII (J. Eliri)—Nuba.</p> + +<p class="p2">Copiously branched shrub, 6-10 ft. high. Leaflets +10-20 pairs; pod pendulous, narrowly linear, usually somewhat +twisted, 6-8 in. long. Racemes 6-12 flowered; cor. yellow.</p> + +<p class="p3">Found in most parts of the Sudan. In India the bark +is made into ropes, and the wood into charcoal; the leaves furnish +cattle fodder. It is very quick-growing and forms a good temporary +shelter for slower-growing plants.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn306-3" title="Sesbania"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. ægyptiaca</span> <em>Pers.</em> <span class= +"taxon bold">var. bicolor</span> <em>Wight</em> & <em>Arn.</em> +SENA—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Standard petal and tips of wing-petals suffused with +purple.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Berber Prov. (Zeidab); +Khartoum Prov.; Fung, White Nile & Kordofan Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn306-4" title="Sesbania"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. aculeata</span> <em>Pers.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect herb, 2-4 ft. high; branches ascending, more or +less prickly. Leaflets 20-50 pairs; pod 6-9 in. long, erect or +spreading, not twisted. Cor. pale yellow.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); White Nile Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">Yields a fibre durable under water, and useful for +ropes and fishing nets. Suitable for a green manure.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn306-5" title="Sesbania"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. microphylla</span> <em>Harms.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small herb; flowers yellow mottled with purple or +black spots. Leaflets very small, about ⅙ in. long. Pod 4½ in. +long, linear, moniliform.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Ghabat El Arab).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn306-6" title="Sesbania"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. mossambicensis</span> <em>Klotzsch.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small herb; corolla standard striate, not mottled. +Leaflets as in preceding species. Pod 2½ in. long, moniliform.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Yubbo +River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn306-7" title="Sesbania"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. pachycarpa</span> <em>DC.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, 1-3 ft. high; corolla dotted; pod about 6 in. +long, ¼ in. broad. Leaflets 15-20 pairs, linear-oblong, ½-¾ in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Bor).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn306-8" title="Sesbania"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_193">[193]</span><span class="taxon bold">S. +arabica</span> <em>Hochst.</em> SURA & TAURI (Blue Nile)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Claws of corolla appendaged; standard conspicuously +spotted. A tall herb. Leaflets up to 30 pairs, linear-oblong, ⅔ in +long. Pods much constricted between the seeds.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El +Zeraf).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn306-9" title="Sesbania"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. tetraptera</span> <em>Hochst.</em> SURIB (Fung), & +?KOL (White Nile)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrubby herb up to 3 or 4 ft. high. Pod 4-winged. +Leaflets 15-20 pairs. Racemes 4-6 flowered; cor. yellow.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Nuba +Mts. Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">The leaves are eaten as a pot-herb.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn307"><span class= +"sn">307</span><span class="taxon bold">Astragalus prolixus</span> +<em>Sieb.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Prostrate herb, 1 ft. or more long, silky. Leaves +imparipinnate; leaflets 11-13. Racemes 6-12 flowered. Pod +oblong-turgid, partly divided inside by a longitudinal membrane, ¼ +in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Dongola Prov.; between +Berber & Khartoum; Khartoum Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">May be one of the several species which yield +“Gum-Tragacanth.”</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn307-2" title="Astragalus"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. abyssinicus</span> <em>Steud.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrubby herb, 3-4 ft. long. Side-leaflets 10-15 pair. +Racemes dense, 4-6 long. Cor. yellow. Pod 1 in. long, linear, +completely divided inside by a longitudinal membrane.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 8-9,000 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn308"><span class= +"sn">308</span><span class="taxon bold">Glycyrrhiza glabra</span> +<em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves odd-pinnate; leaflets about 6 pairs, +oblong-lanceolate, emarginate, 1½ in. long, ⅔ in. broad, +gland-dotted below. Flowers in slender axillary racemes half as +long as the leaves.</p> + +<p class="p2">Sudan; Libyan Desert (Khor Wau).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn309"><span class= +"sn">309</span><span class="taxon bold">Taverniera lappacea</span> +<em>DC.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stems procumbent, shrubby. Joints of the pods with +rigid hooked bristles. Leaves 3-fol. Flowers yellowish, axillary, +solitary or in pairs.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn309-2" title="Taverniera"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. ægyptica</span> <em>Boiss.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Much-branched low shrub; pods densely bristly. Leaves +simple, obovate-cuneate. Flowers solitary or in pairs, +axillary.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn310"><span class= +"sn">310</span><span class="taxon bold">Alhagi maurorum</span> +<em>Desv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Low shrub, 1-3 ft. high, armed with spreading spines, +1 in. long. Leaves simple, obovate-oblong, drooping from spines and +branches. Flowers red, solitary or in pairs from the spines. Pod +falcate, 1 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia.</p> + +<p class="p3">Said to yield “manna.” The plant has antibilious +properties.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn311"><span class= +"sn">311</span><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_194">[194]</span><span class="taxon bold">Herminiera +Elaphroxylon</span> <em>Guill.</em> & <em>Perr.</em> AMBATCH, AMBAJ +& TUROR—Arab; ADĪT (Kenissa) & WOR (Renk)—Dinka; RUR & +TYEF—Nuer.</p> + +<p class="p2">Small tree with showy yellow flowers and prickly +branches. Stems swollen at base consist of pith-like substance. +Leaves abruptly pinnate; stamens monadelphous; pods spirally +contorted.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile (from Abba Island +southwards) & affluents; Kordofan Prov. (Rahad).</p> + +<p class="p3">The swollen stems which consist of pith, are used to +make rafts and canoes. This species is very similar to +<i>Æschynomene Pfundii</i> Taub.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn311-2" title="Herminiera"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. excelsa</span> <em>Kotschy.</em> ?ADDIT +(Renk)—Dinka.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">This and the next species are known only by name.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn311-3" title="Herminiera"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. humilis</span> <em>Kotschy.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn312"><span class= +"sn">312</span><span class="taxon bold">Æschynomene uniflora</span> +<em>E. Meyer.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrubby up to 4 ft. high. Legumes deeply sinuate, +dividing into dissepiments. Leaflets 10-20 pair, sensitive. Flowers +mostly solitary, yellow.</p> + +<p class="p2">Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn312-2" title="Aeschynomene"><span class= +"taxon bold">Æ. Indica</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, 1-3 ft. high. Leaflets 40-70, alternate, +sessile; pod 1-1½ in., narrow, slightly curved, glabrous. Flowers +pale yellow, 2-4 in. lax, short-peduncled racemes.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (in marshes); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Bongo-land: Gir, Shambé, Niamniam-land); Mongalla Prov. (Bor); +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn312-3" title="Aeschynomene"><span class= +"taxon bold">Æ. cristata</span> <em>Vatke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub with hollow stems. Leaflets about 20 pairs, +narrowly oblong, ⅓ in. long, nearly glabrous. Flowers few, +axillary, pedunculate. Petals crested. Pods flat, breaking up into +segments.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Jebel (Sudd).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn312-4" title="Aeschynomene"><span class= +"taxon bold">Æ. Rüppellii</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Low shrub; twigs viscid, brown. Leaflets 8-12 pair. +Racemes axillary 6-8 flowered; cor. yellow. Pods ¼ in. long, with 2 +constricted joints.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn312-5" title="Aeschynomene"><span class= +"taxon bold">Æ. nilotica</span> <em>Taub.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Twiggy. Leaves very short. Leaflets about 12 pairs, +oblong, mucronate, ⅙ in. long. Flowers subsolitary. Petals slightly +fringed.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov. (by J. Nyemati).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn312-6" title="Aeschynomene"><span class= +"taxon bold">Æ. Pfundii</span> <em>Taub.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub 6-8 ft., with soft wood. Leaflets numerous, +oblong, serrulate, 1 in. long. Flowers few in racemes. Calyx +villous.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_195">[195]</span> Petals not +crested. Pods ¾ in. broad, pilose, breaking up into narrowly oblong +segments.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (Bir Rahad); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s +Post).</p> + +<p class="p3">This species closely resembles <i>Herminiera +Elaphroxylon</i> G. & P., but branches not spiny.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn312-7" title="Aeschynomene"><span class= +"taxon bold">Æ. aspera</span> <em>Linn. f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial 2-4 ft. high, stem spongy, pith-like; pod +3-4 in. long, over ¼ in. wide, nearly straight, 6-7 jointed, each +joint with sharp asperities in the centre. Leaflets 40-70 or +more.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).</p> + +<p class="p3">The Sola Pith Plant of commerce. The soft pith-like +wood is used in India to make helmets, floats, toys, etc. It is +also used in surgery for the manufacture of tampons.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn312-8" title="Aeschynomene"><span class= +"taxon bold">Æ. Telekii</span> <em>Schwfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tree. Leaflets numerous, narrowly oblong, ⅓ in. long, +glabrous. Flowers solitary, pedicellate, large. Petals crested. +Pods with yellowish bristly hairs, flat, 3 in. long, not +jointed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Banks of the Nile.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn312-9" title="Aeschynomene"><span class= +"taxon bold">Æ. Schimperi</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, 2-3 ft. high.; pod articulated, smooth or +bristly, divisions 10-15. Leaflets 12-30 pairs, sensitive. Flowers +solitary or in pairs, axillary.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn313"><span class= +"sn">313</span><span class="taxon bold">Smithia Kotschyi</span> +<em>Benth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect shrub; branches covered with weak yellow +bristles. Leaflets 20 pairs. Racemes axillary, 6-12 flowered. Pod +7-8 jointed, small.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn313-2" title="Smithia"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Taub.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub with long leafy branches with scattered hairs. +Leaflets about 10 pairs, obliquely oblong, 3-nerved at the base, ⅓ +in. long. Flowers with leathery striate bracts and sepals nearly +hiding the corolla.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: by the Doguru).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn314"><span class= +"sn">314</span><span class="taxon bold">Stylosanthes +flavicans</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Copiously branched herb. Leaves 3-fol. Flowers in +dense terminal heads; bracts densely imbricated; stamens +monadelphous. Pod ¼ in. long, with 2 articulations.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn315"><span class= +"sn">315</span><span class="taxon bold">Arachis hypogæa</span> +<em>Linn.</em> FUL-SUDANI—Arab; BUL GWATH (Zeraf)—Nuer; +WANDE—Zande. The Earth-nut or Monkey-nut.</p> + +<p class="p2">Diffuse herb. Leaflets 4. Flowers axillary, solitary, +yellow. The pod buries itself in the ground to ripen.</p> + +<p class="p3">Cultivated everywhere for food.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn316"><span class= +"sn">316</span><span class="taxon bold">Zornia diphylla</span> +<em>Pers.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Prostrate or ascending annual. Leaflets 2, dotted; +stamens monadelphous; pod indehiscent, jointed; joints 2-5, set +with short straight spines.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_196">[196]</span>Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Kordofan Prov.; +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="p3">A useful fodder.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn317"><span class= +"sn">317</span><span class="taxon bold">Desmodium spirale</span> +<em>DC.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual 1-2 ft. high. Leaflets 3. Racemes terminal and +axillary; cor. greenish and purple. Pod ½ in. long with 4-6 joints, +often spirally twisted.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn317-2" title="Desmodium"><span class= +"taxon bold">D. gangeticum</span> <em>DC.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Procumbent herb; leaves 1 fol.; flowers rose-red; pod +small, sessile, somewhat curved, joints 4-8.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: shady Khors and woody +places); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn317-3" title="Desmodium"><span class= +"taxon bold">D. dimorphum</span> <em>Welw.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Branched undershrub, 2 ft. high. Leaves oblong, +rounded or cordate at base. Racemes 1 in. long, sessile, axillary +and terminal; cor. red. Pod ¼ in. long, lower margin deeply +sinuate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn317-4" title="Desmodium"><span class= +"taxon bold">D. lasiocarpum</span> <em>DC.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect undershrub, 3-6 ft. high, densely brown +pubescent.</p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves cordate-ovate, 4-5 in. long. Racemes axillary +and terminal; cor. red. Pod ¾ in. long, hispid, 4-5; jointed lower +margin deeply sinuate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir, +Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn317-5" title="Desmodium"><span class= +"taxon bold">D. sennaarense</span> <em>Schwfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Densely hispid undershrub. Stipules cordate, +amplexicaul; leaflets 3, central ovate, 3-4 in. long. Racemes +stalked; corolla reddish. Pod 1 in. long, joints 4 to 6, lower +margin slightly waved.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung. Prov.; Upper White +Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn317-6" title="Desmodium"><span class= +"taxon bold">D. Scalpe</span> <em>DC.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect undershrub. Leaves 3-fol., ovate, 1½-2½ in., +the terminal somewhat larger, rhomboidal; flowers light red, in +pairs on terminal panicles; pods constricted; joints 3-4, as broad +as long, much sinuate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile Prov. (Geneib Assad); Darfur Prov. (J. +Marra: Wadi Gindi, 7,300 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn317-7" title="Desmodium"><span class= +"taxon bold">D. Dregeanum</span> <em>Benth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Grey silky undershrub. Leaflets 3. Flowers in short +terminal panicles. Pod ½ in. long, slightly waved beneath, 2-4 +jointed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Æthiopia.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn317-8" title="Desmodium"><span class= +"taxon bold">D. paleaceum</span> <em>Guill.</em> & +<em>Perr.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Semi-woody, erect, 3-4 ft. high. Leaflets 3, central +ovate, 3-5 in. long. Racemes axillary and terminal, stalked; +cor.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_197">[197]</span> reddish. Pod +ab. ¾ in. long, slightly indented below, articulations 4-5, +stiff-hairy.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn317-9" title="Desmodium"><span class= +"taxon bold">D. delicatulum</span> <em>A. Rich.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, 9 in. high, silky. Lower leaves simple, upper +3-fol. Racemes terminal, sessile, 2-4 flowered. Pod ab. ½ in. long, +4-6 jointed, glabrous, lower suture indented ⅓ down.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn317-10" title="Desmodium"><span class= +"taxon bold">D. triflorum</span> <em>DC.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Matted, trailing herb. Leaves small, lower ones often +1-fol., otherwise 3-fol., glabrous ab. slightly silky beneath; +flowers very small, usually 3 together in axils of leaves; pods up +to ½ in. long, slightly constricted on ventral margin, 2-4 +jointed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Kenissa).</p> + +<p class="p3">Would make a good green manure and cover crop.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn318"><span class= +"sn">318</span><span class="taxon bold">Pseudarthria +confertiflora</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect undershrub. Leaflets 3, terminal one 3-4 in. +long, ovate-oblong. Racemes axillary and terminal, the latter often +compound. Pod linear, not articulated.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn318-2" title="Pseudarthria"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. Hookeri</span> <em>Wight</em> & <em>Arn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Undershrub, 3-4 ft. high, downy. Leaflets 3, central +obovate, 4-6 in. long. Flowers red, in dense terminal panicles. Pod +1 in. long, linear, torulose, downy.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Addai & +Niamniam-land: Nganye).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn318-3" title="Pseudarthria"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. sp.</span> +</p> + +<p class="p2">Leaflets 3, the central ovate, acute, 5 in. long, 3 +in. broad, softly pubescent below, widely crenate. Flowers very +small in lax terminal panicles.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, Niamniam-land: +Kulensho).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn319"><span class= +"sn">319</span><span class="taxon bold">Uraria picta</span> +<em>Desv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Semi-shrubby perennial; leaves imparipinnate; +leaflets 5-7; flowers small, blue, in dense cylindrical spikes, up +to 18 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Banks of the White Nile; Mongalla Prov.: Bahr El +Jebel (Madi); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="p3">Reported to be a remedy for snakebite in India.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn320"><span class= +"sn">320</span><span class="taxon bold">Alysicarpus +monilifer</span> <em>DC.</em> FERAISHA (Kordofan)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Diffuse herb. Leaves small, 1-fol., ovate, usually +cordate; pods with 2-6 globose, pubescent swellings. Racemes +axillary and terminal.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn320-2" title="Alysicarpus"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. vaginalis</span> <em>DC.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Diffuse herb, 3-4 ft. high. Leaves up to 2 in. long, +1-fol., variable in shape; pod glabrous, little or not moniliform, +½-¾ in. long. Racemes denser than above.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_198">[198]</span>Nubia; South Kordofan Prov. (Um Durein); +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Meshra El Rek & +Niamniam-land: by the Ibba River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn320-3" title="Alysicarpus"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. Zeyheri</span> <em>Hard.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Branched perennial, 1 ft. high. Leaflet 1, +cordate-oblong. Racemes terminal, lax, ¾ in. long. Pod under ½ in. +long with 3-4 distinct constrictions.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Gir).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn320-4" title="Alysicarpus"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. rugosus</span> <em>DC.</em> SHELĪNI (Meshra El +Zeraf)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Copiously branched herb, 3-4 ft. high. Leaves 1-fol., +linear-oblong; corolla violet purple; pods moniliform, much +wrinkled, 2-5 jointed, short.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s +Post); Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Shambé).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn321"><span class= +"sn">321</span><span class="taxon bold">Cicer arietinum</span> +<em>Linn.</em> HUMMUS—Arab; Chick Pea or Gram.</p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, up to 18 in. high. Leaves pinnate, rachis +ending in a tendril; leaflets 12-16, deep-dentate. Flowers purple, +solitary, axillary. Pod oblong, silky, ¾ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Cultivated generally.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn322"><span class= +"sn">322</span><span class="taxon bold">Vicia faba</span> +<em>Linn.</em> FUL—Arab. The Bean plant.</p> + +<p class="p2">Cultivated generally.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn323"><span class= +"sn">323</span><span class="taxon bold">Lens esculentus</span> +<em>Moench.</em> ’ADS SURGAM (Dongola)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Dongola Prov. (Cultivated).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn324"><span class= +"sn">324</span><span class="taxon bold">Lathyrus sativus</span> +<em>Linn.</em> GILBAN—Arab. Chickling Vetch.</p> + +<p class="p2">Herb. Leaves 2-fol., the rachis ending in a tendril. +Flowers reddish-purple, solitary, axillary. Pod 1½ in. long, +oblong, narrowly winged on each side of the dorsal suture.</p> + +<p class="p2">Cultivated mainly in North Sudan.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn325"><span class= +"sn">325</span><span class="taxon bold">Abrus precatorius</span> +<em>Linn.</em> HABIL ER RUS or HABILARUS—Arab; YAGOMO—Golo.</p> + +<p class="p2">Twining perennial. Leaves abruptly pinnate, +deciduous; leaflets 10-15 pairs; inflorescence shorter than leaves; +cor. reddish; pods oblong; seed polished, bright scarlet, tipped +with black.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces.</p> + +<p class="p3">The root is said to be a substitute for liquorice. +The seeds are used as a purgative, only small doses being given. +They are also used in affections of the eyes. When raw, the seeds +are poisonous, but the active principle, Abrin, is destroyed by +boiling.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn325-2" title="Abrus"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. pulchellus</span> <em>Willd.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Differs from above by having inflorescence longer +than leaves, which have only 5-10 pairs of leaflets; pods linear +and seeds black. Cor. pale-purple.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn325-3" title="Abrus"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. Schimperi</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub with slender woody branches; seeds dark +brown.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_199">[199]</span> Leaflets +12-15 pairs. Racemes lax, 3-4 in. long; cor. reddish.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia (Ronga); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: +Gir); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn326"><span class= +"sn">326</span><span class="taxon bold">Clitoria ternatea</span> +<em>Linn.</em> ERG EL AGRAB & TAWILA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; +GRENAME (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka.</p> + +<p class="p2">Herbaceous twiner. Leaves imparipinnate, with +stipels; 5-7-fol. Flowers large, over 1 in. long; corolla blue (in +wild plants light blue); standard very large; pod linear, ab. 3 in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Khartoum Prov. (cultivated); Fung Prov.; White +Nile Prov. (Jebelein, White Nile Prov. to Meshra El Zeraf); Upper +White Nile Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">The root is powerful cathartic, like jalap; the +powdered seeds are also purgative. An infusion of leaves is used +for eruptions, and the pounded root is applied to scorpion +stings.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn327"><span class= +"sn">327</span><span class="taxon bold">Glycine hedysaroides</span> +<em>Willd.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Climbing perennial. Leaflets 3. Flowers 4-6 in +axillary racemes. Cor. pale red. Pod 1½ in. long, straight, flat, +5-6 seeded.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn327-2" title="Glycine"><span class= +"taxon bold">G. Borianii</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herbaceous twiner. Leaves 1-3 fol.; flowers red, +12-20 in subsessile axillary racemes. Pod linear, silky, +2-seeded.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn327-3" title="Glycine"><span class= +"taxon bold">G. javanica</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herbaceous twiner; young shoots very silky. Leaves +3-fol., with stipels; corolla bright red, in copious peduncled +axillary racemes, linear, nearly straight, silky, 4-6 seeded.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn328"><span class= +"sn">328</span><span class="taxon bold">Teramnus labialis</span> +<em>Spreng.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herbaceous twiner. Leaves 3-fol.; flowers small, +reddish, in very lax racemes; pods linear up to 2 in. long; tipped +with a short stout beak or hook.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Fung Prov. (Karkoj); Kordofan Prov. (Melbes); +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (by the Kit); Mongalla Prov. (Sh. Tombé).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn329"><span class= +"sn">329</span><span class="taxon bold">Erythrina tomentosa</span> +<em>R. Br.</em> ’ZĀN (Baggara), BET EL ARUS & HABILARUS—Arab; +SHUMTI (Dilling)—Nuba; ARIENGO—Jur; BANGRIBAKAKE—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub to middle sized tree with trifol. leaves; +flowers orange red, in dense spikes, appearing before the leaves; +pods constricted; seeds scarlet.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nuba Mts. & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn329-2" title="Erythrina"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. Brucei</span> <em>Schwfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Moderate sized tree with short, stout spines on the +young stem and branches. Leaves 3-fol.; flowers scarlet, appearing +before the leaves; pods constricted.</p> + +<p class="p2">Khartoum Prov. (Introduced).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn329-3" title="Erythrina"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_200">[200]</span><span class="taxon bold">E. +Dybowskii</span> <em>Hua.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaflets very broadly ovate-triangular, emarginate, 3 +in. long and about 4 in. broad, softly tomentellous on both +surfaces; petioles with reflexed prickles. Pods tomentose, +constricted.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (Kulme).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn330"><span class= +"sn">330</span><span class="taxon bold">Mucuna pruriens</span> +<em>DC.</em> KOPA—Zande. Cow-Itch.</p> + +<p class="p2">Semi-woody twiner. Leaves 3-fol. with stipels, +pubescent above, with dense silvery hair beneath. Flowers large, +dark purple, in drooping racemes; pods up to 3 in. long, covered +with orange-brown irritant hairs.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Sabbi, also +Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="p3">The young pods are cooked and eaten as a vegetable, +but when ripe they are covered with hairs which are exceedingly +irritating. Various medicinal properties are attributed to the +roots and seeds.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn331"><span class= +"sn">331</span><span class="taxon bold">Canavalia virosa</span> +<em>Wight</em> & <em>Arn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herbaceous climber. Leaves 3-fol., with stipels; +flowers nearly white to bright pink; pod 4 in. long by 1½ in. wide, +thickened on either side of the dorsal suture.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: by the Yokko).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn331-2" title="Canavalia"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. regalis</span> <em>Dunn.</em> TAMBUI (J. +Eliri)—Nuba.</p> + +<p class="p2">Herbaceous twiner. Leaves 3-fol. with stipels; pods +up to 9 in. long, thickened on either side of the dorsal suture; +seeds nearly 1 in. long, deep pink.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Eliri); Bahr El Ghazal Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">In the Bahr El Ghazal bracelets of strung seed are +worn to bring luck in the chase.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn331-3" title="Canavalia"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. ensiformis</span> <em>DC.</em> LUBIA EL FIL (Meshra +El Zeraf)—Arab; BOLUKI (Dilling)—Nuba; NZERAHNA—Krej.</p> + +<p class="p2">Strong herbaceous climber. Leaves 3-fol.; flowers +pink; pod about 6 in. long with a rib on either side of the dorsal +suture; seeds dark.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan +Prov.; Upper White Nile, Bahr El Ghazal & Mongalla Provinces.</p> + +<p class="p3">The Sword Bean, wild and cultivated.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn332"><span class= +"sn">332</span><span class="taxon bold">Phaseolus lunatus</span> +<em>Linn.</em> Lima, Burma, Sugar, or Butter Bean.</p> + +<p class="p2">Twining herb. Leaves 3-fol., central leaflet +ovate-deltoid, 4 in. long. Racemes axillary; cor. violet. Pod 3 in. +long, flat, broad crescent-shaped.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Cultivated).</p> + +<p class="p3">The ripe seeds contain Prussic acid, which is, +however, destroyed in cooking.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn332-2" title="Phaseolus"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. Mungo</span> <em>Linn.</em> GESHARINGEIK (Sudan) & +KASHARINGI (Egypt)—Arab; BAKWA—Bongo; ABAGPA—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Sub-erect annual, yellowish hairy. Leaflets 3. +Racemes<span class="pagenum" id="Page_201">[201]</span> axillary, +4-6 flowered; cor. yellowish. Pod linear, terete 2 in. long, tawny +hairy.</p> + +<p class="p2">Cultivated.</p> + +<p class="p3">In Basutoland the seeds are used by the natives to +mature boils, abscesses, etc. The seeds are chewed and applied to +the sore. The green pods and seeds are used for food, and the whole +plant for fodder.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn332-3" title="Phaseolus"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. adenanthus</span> <em>E. Meyer.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herbaceous twiner. Leaves 3-fol., with stipels; +flowers pink; pod 5-6 in. long and over ½ in. wide; seeds 12-16, +almost circular, black.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile +Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">The tuberous root is eaten in India.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn332-4" title="Phaseolus"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. vulgaris</span> <em>Linn.</em> LUBIA KHADRA or +LUBIA HAMRA—Arab. The Kidney, French, or Haricot Bean.</p> + +<p class="p2">Climbing annual. Leaflets 3. Peduncles in pairs, +2-3-flowered; cor. white or lilac. Pod 5 in. long, straight.</p> + +<p class="p2">Cultivated.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn332-5" title="Phaseolus"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. stenocarpus</span> <em>Harms.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Twiner with wiry stems. Leaves trifoliolate; leaflets +ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, 1½-2 in. long, glabrous. Flowers very +small. Pods linear, falcate, 3 in. long, glabrous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Bongo-land: +Kulengo).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn332-6" title="Phaseolus"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. trilobus</span> <em>Ait.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Prostrate perennial. Leaves 3-fol.; leaflets deeply +sinuate-lobate; stipules peltately attached; pod 1-1½ in. long, +linear. Flowers 2-4 on 3-6 in. long peduncles, reddish.</p> + +<p class="p2">Cultivated.</p> + +<p class="p3">Yields pulse.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn332-7" title="Phaseolus"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. sp.</span> +</p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves long-petiolate, trifoliolate; leaflets ovate, +mucronate, 4-5 in. long, 2½-3 in. broad, laxly reticulate, minutely +setulose. Flowers and fruits not seen.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (mouth of Bahr El Arab; in Sudd, +Schwfth. 1133).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn333"><span class= +"sn">333</span><span class="taxon bold">Vigna incana</span> +<em>Taub.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Undershrub, silky-tomentose all over. Leaves +appearing after flowering. Peduncles elongate, 2-flowered. Flowers +subsessile. Pod terete, silky.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (J. Kurku).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn333-2" title="Vigna"><span class= +"taxon bold">V. membranacea</span> <em>A. Rich.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herbaceous twiner, thinly grey-silky. Leaflets 3, +membranous, ovate-rhomboidal, up to 2½ in. long. Flowers 2-4 on +slender flexuose peduncles, 1-2 in. long; cor. pink. Pod linear +straight, subterete, 2½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn333-3" title="Vigna"><span class= +"taxon bold">V. golungensis</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herbaceous twiner. Leaves trifol., with stipels; +flowers yellow, 2-4 on 6-9 in. long peduncle.</p> + +<p class="p2">Upper White Nile Prov. (Renk).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn333-4" title="Vigna"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_202">[202]</span><span class="taxon bold">V. +linearifolia</span> <em>Hutch.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Very slender twiner with wiry stems. Leaves +trifoliolate; leaflets subsessile, linear, acute, 3-4 in. long, ¼ +in. broad, glabrous, with numerous strongly reticulate lateral +nerves on each side. Flowers yellow. Pods spirally coiled when +ripe, 2½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn333-5" title="Vigna"><span class= +"taxon bold">V. vexillata</span> <em>Benth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herbaceous twiner. Leaflets 3, narrowly +ovate-lanceolate, rounded at base, apex cuspidate; flowers large, +pink; keel beaked.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn333-6" title="Vigna"><span class= +"taxon bold">V. sp.</span> +</p> + +<p class="p2">Herbaceous climber. Leaflets 3, linear-lanceolate, +about 3 in. long; corolla yellow, heavily streaked with purple.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé); Mongalla Prov. +(Bor).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn333-7" title="Vigna"><span class= +"taxon bold">V. caerulea</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herbaceous twiner. Leaflets 3, more or less hastate, +sometimes darker coloured at the base; corolla deep blue, in pairs +on peduncles 4-6 in. long. Pod linear, terete, 3 in. long, black +when mature.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn333-8" title="Vigna"><span class= +"taxon bold">V. reticulata</span> <em>Hook. f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Silky-hairy herbaceous climber. Leaflets 3, papery, +with raised reticulate veins beneath, grey-hairy. Flowers reddish, +2-4 close together on 2-4 in. long peduncles. Pod linear, straight, +terete, nearly 3 in. long, bristly, black when ripe.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn333-9" title="Vigna"><span class= +"taxon bold">V. nilotica</span> <em>Hook. f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herbaceous twiner. Leaflets 3, ovate-lanceolate; +flowers yellow, about ¾ in. long, in close racemes on peduncles 3-5 +in. long. Pod 2-3 in. long and ¼ in. broad, slightly curved, +pendulous.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. (Khor near Talodi); +Bahr El Jebel (Sudd).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn333-10" title="Vigna"><span class= +"taxon bold">V. Kotschyi</span> <em>Schwfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Densely grey tomentose climber. Leaflets 3. Flowers +reddish, 2-3 together on long or short peduncles from leafless +branches.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Gumango).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn333-11" title="Vigna"><span class= +"taxon bold">V. sinensis</span> <em>Endl.</em> <span class= +"taxon bold">forma spontanea</span> <em>A. Brongn.</em> LUBIA +HELLU—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Annual subglabrous twiner. Stipules ovate-lanceolate, +subpeltate. Leaflets 3, central roundish. Flowers yellow or +reddish, in 6-12 fl. racemes on peduncles up to 1 ft. long Pod +pendulous, 6-12 in. long; seeds red, white or black.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; cultivated on river banks and sagias.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn333-12" title="Vigna"><span class= +"taxon bold">V. luteola</span> <em>Benth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Prostrate, trailing herb. Leaflets 3, oval to +obovate, narrow<span class="pagenum" id="Page_203">[203]</span> at +base, rounded at the apex; flowers yellow; pod 2-2½ in., broadly +linear, subcylindrical.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn334"><span class= +"sn">334</span><span class="taxon bold">Voandzeia +subterranea</span> <em>Thouars.</em> ABU GAWI—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Herb. Leaves 3-foliolate; pod 1-seeded, ripens +underground. Flowers 1-3 on flexuous peduncle which is at first +only up to ½ in. long. Cor. yellow, often abortive.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Boma +Plateau.</p> + +<p class="p3">Boiled and eaten for food, but not of high value.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn335"><span class= +"sn">335</span><span class="taxon bold">Psophocarpus +palustris</span> <em>Desv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herbaceous climber with lilac-coloured flowers and +short 4-winged pods. Root tuberous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: Mvolo); Mongalla +Prov. (Kenissa).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn336"><span class= +"sn">336</span><span class="taxon bold">Dolichos Lablab</span> +<em>Linn.</em> LUBIA—AFIN—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Herbaceous twiner. Leaflets 3, broadly +ovate-rhomboid; flowers usually purple; style bent, much laterally +flattened, strongly bearded. Pod oblong up to 2 in. long and nearly +1 in. broad, 2-4 seeded.</p> + +<p class="p2">Northern Sudan.</p> + +<p class="p3">Cultivated largely as a fodder crop.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn336-2" title="Dolichos"><span class= +"taxon bold">D. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Harms.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leafless or nearly so at time of flowering; stems +erect, simple, about 1 ft. high. Leaves trifoliolate, subsessile; +leaflets oblanceolate with 3 parallel nerves about 5 in. long, +glabrous. Flowers in clusters, ¾ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn336-3" title="Dolichos"><span class= +"taxon bold">D. pseudo-pachyrhizus</span> <em>Harms.</em> +JEKORO—Golo.</p> + +<p class="p2">Climber with a tuberous root which attains a length +of 6-8 ft.; leaves 3-fol.; leaflets more or less lobed, 3-nerved at +the base, up to 6 in. long and broad; very glabrous. Pods velvety, +4 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces.</p> + +<p class="p3">Commonly cultivated in tropics, the tuberous roots +being eaten as a food, and a starch obtained therefrom. Both the +tubers and the beans contain a poisonous resin which is an active +fish poison.</p> + +<p class="p3">In the Bahr El Ghazal the tuber is mixed with the sap +of the Heglig and used as a substitute for soap.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn336-4" title="Dolichos"><span class= +"taxon bold">D. splendens</span> <em>Welw.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Undershrub, 4 ft. high, stems densely grey-silky. +Leaflets 3, densely grey-silky, tomentose beneath. Flowers in long +lax, terminal racemes. Cor. bright red, 1 in. deep. Pod over 2 in. +long, linear, recurved, grey downy, with ½ in. long style twisted +at the base.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn336-5" title="Dolichos"><span class= +"taxon bold">D. uniflorus</span> <em>Lam.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Twining perennial. Leaflets 3, ovate-lanceolate or +lanceolate,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_204">[204]</span> acute, +glabrous; corolla yellow; pod over 2 in. long, flattened, with a +long beak.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn336-6" title="Dolichos"><span class= +"taxon bold">D. biflorus</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect, hairy herb, nearly allied to foregoing; +flowers yellowish-white. Pod linear, nearly straight, 1¼ in. long, +tipped with the persistent style.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (around Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="p3">An important food, fodder and green manure crop.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn337"><span class= +"sn">337</span><span class="taxon bold">Sphenostylis +Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Harms.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb up to 6 ft. high. Leaflets 3, linear-lanceolate, +emarginate, mucronate, 3½ in. long, ½ in. broad, glabrous, +reticulate. Racemes head-like, axillary, few-flowered. Flowers +yellow. Pod linear, pubescent.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn337-2" title="Sphenostylis"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. stenocarpus</span> <em>Harms.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herbaceous climber with 3-fol. leaves and red +flowers, 1 in. long in 3-12 flowered racemes. Pod 4-5 in. long, +hard, straight, sutures much thickened.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn338"><span class= +"sn">338</span><span class="taxon bold">Adenodolichos +macrothyrsus</span> <em>Harms.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves opposite, trifoliolate; leaflets +ovate-rhomboid subacute, rounded at the base, 4-6 in. long, 2½-3 +in. broad, gland-dotted below. Flowers in loose panicles. Pods 2 +cm. long, acuminate, crispate-pubescent; seeds black.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Gir).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn339"><span class= +"sn">339</span><span class="taxon bold">Cajanus indicus</span> +<em>Spreng.</em> ADS SUDANI—Arab. The “Dal” plant.</p> + +<p class="p2">Erect shrubby plant, up to 8 ft. high. Leaves 3-fol., +gland-dotted; flowers yellow or purple, in 2-8 flowered axillary +racemes. Pod 2-3 in. long, ab. ½ in. broad, pubescent.</p> + +<p class="p2">Northern Sudan; Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Bahr +El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land).</p> + +<p class="p3">Cultivated for its pulse, which is highly +nutritious.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn340"><span class= +"sn">340</span><span class="taxon bold">Rhynchosia +cyanosperma</span> <em>Benth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Woody climber, rusty-pubescent when young. Leaflets +3, coriaceous, central roundish, 4-5 in. long. Racemes lax, 6-9 in. +long, on woody peduncles. Cor. brick red or white. Pod equalling +the calyx, oblong, grey-velvety.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau); Belgian Congo +(Niamniam-land: by the Assika).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn340-2" title="Rhynchosia"><span class= +"taxon bold">R. flavissima</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herbaceous twiner. Leaves trifol., glabrous, +gland-dotted, as in all this genus; flowers yellow, in lax 6-12 fl. +racemes, 2-4 in. long on spreading peduncles. Pod ¾ in. long, +narrowed to the base, glabrous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Blue Nile Prov.; Upper +White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn340-3" title="Rhynchosia"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_205">[205]</span><span class="taxon bold">R. +minima</span> <em>DC.</em> EL TURBA (Hillet Abbas)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Slender herbaceous twiner. Leaves small, 3-fol.; +leaflets rhomboid to oval, obtuse, apiculate, black-dotted; flowers +small, yellow; pods 2-seeded, slightly turgid.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Port Sudan); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli & Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (El Dueim & +Hillet Abbas); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Addai); Mongalla +Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn340-4" title="Rhynchosia"><span class= +"taxon bold">R. caribæa</span> <em>DC.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herbaceous, grey pubescent twiner. Leaflets 3, +central one broad ovate or subrhomboidal. Racemes lax, 2-6 in. long +on short peduncles; cor. yellow. Pod ¾ in. long, under ½ in. broad, +thinly grey silky when young, turgid.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land); +Bahr El Jebel (Lat. 7° 37′ N.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn340-5" title="Rhynchosia"><span class= +"taxon bold">R. viscosa</span> <em>DC.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Semi-woody twiner. Leaves 3-fol., leaflets over 2 in. +long, almost sessile, broadly ovate, subcordate or truncate at +base, acute. Flowers yellow often heavily streaked with deep +purple; pods 2 seeded; seeds with small aril.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Mittu-land: Derago); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn340-6" title="Rhynchosia"><span class= +"taxon bold">R.</span> (probably form of) <span class= +"taxon bold">viscosa</span> <em>DC.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaflets somewhat 3-lobed; flowers yellow, lightly +striped with purple; pods viscous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat River: Nasser).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn340-7" title="Rhynchosia"><span class= +"taxon bold">R. Memnonia</span> <em>DC.</em> RA’AFA or LUWEIS (N. +Kordn.); WADĀN EL FĀR, BĀL & FARAH EL GUMRI (Khartoum)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Grey-silky herbaceous climber. Leaflets 3, central +nearly round, up to 1 in. across. Racemes 2-6 in. long, lax 6-20 +flowered on short peduncles; cor. yellow. Pod ¾ in. pubescent.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Berber Prov.; +Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (South, Abu Gerad); +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (near Nuer villages).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn340-8" title="Rhynchosia"><span class= +"taxon bold">R. glutinosa</span> <em>Harms.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stems branched from the base, about 2 ft. high, +pubescent. Leaflets 3, broadly ovate, rounded at base, apex +subacute, 1 in. long and broad, glandular and shortly pubescent +below. Racemes few-flowered, 2 in. long; standard very striate. Pod +1 in. long, slightly pubescent.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Derago).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn340-9" title="Rhynchosia"><span class= +"taxon bold">R. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Harms.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Twiner. Leaves long-petiolate, trifoliolate; leaflets +obovate-orbicular, shortly cuneate at the base, 1½ in. long and +broad, rather densely covered with golden glands below but not +pubescent. Racemes nearly sessile, axillary, few and +dense-flowered; sepals very acuminate, ½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn340-10" title="Rhynchosia"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_206">[206]</span><span class="taxon bold">R. +teramnoides</span> <em>Harms.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Slender twiner. Leaves shortly petiolate, +trifoliolate; leaflets lanceolate, acute 1-2 in. long, very +minutely pubescent below, strongly reticulate. Flowers densely +clustered in the leaf axils. Calyx silky pubescent. Pod curved, ¾ +in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, Bongo-land: +Sabbi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn340-11" title="Rhynchosia"><span class= +"taxon bold">R. resinosa</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Somewhat woody glandular and pubescent twiner. +Leaflets 3, ovate-rhomboidal, 2-3 in. long and broad. Racemes 2-3 +in. long on woody peduncles; cor. yellow. Pod ½ in. long enclosed +in calyx.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn340-12" title="Rhynchosia"><span class= +"taxon bold">R. ferruginea</span> <em>A. Rich.</em> SINGĪD (N. +Kordn.)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Herbaceous densely rusty-pubescent twiner. Leaflets +3, central broad ovate, 1½ in. long, mucronate. Racemes lax, +exceeding the leaves; cor. yellow, veined with purple.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Harun); Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn341"><span class= +"sn">341</span><span class="taxon bold">Eriosema +pulcherrimum</span> <em>Baker f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stem erect, herbaceous, 1 ft. high, covered with soft +white hairs. Leaves simple, ovate, subcordate, 4-7 in. long, 2½-4 +in. broad, silky hairy. Flowers in dense terminal racemes 2-4 in. +long. Calyx villous. Pod villous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn341-2" title="Eriosema"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. holophyllum</span> <em>Baker fil.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stem erect, rather woody, 1½ ft. high, pubescent. +Leaves simple, ovate-lanceolate, rounded or cuneate at the base, +3½-6 in. long, finely pubescent. Flowers in subglobose terminal and +axillary racemes. Pod oblong, villous, ⅔ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Gumba).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn341-3" title="Eriosema"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. cajanoides</span> <em>Hook. fil.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect, branching shrub, up to 5 ft. high. Leaflets 3, +central oblanceolate, 2-3 in. long, gland-dotted, as generally in +this genus, fine grey pubescent beneath. Racemes 2-4 in. long on +firm peduncles 1-2 in. long; cor. yellow. Pod over ½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, Bongo-land: by the +Dogguru River, Niamniam-land); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn341-4" title="Eriosema"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. macrostipulum</span> <em>Baker pl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stem herbaceous, up to 2 ft. high, pubescent. +Leaflets 3, ovate, acute, base rounded, 2½-3½ in. long, 1¼-1¾ in. +broad, softly pubescent. Stipules ¾ in. long. Flowers crowded in +racemes up to 1½ in. long. Pod oblong, ½ in. long, villous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn341-5" title="Eriosema"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. sparsiflorum</span> <em>Baker fil.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stem virgate, rather woody. Leaflets 3, narrowly +oblong, 2-2½ in. long, acute, pubescent. Flowers in lax axillary +racemes. Pod flat, 1½ in. long, pubescent.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_207">[207]</span>Bahr +El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Niamniam-land); Mongalla Prov. (Yei +River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn341-6" title="Eriosema"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. oblongum</span> <em>Benth.?</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stems branched, about 8 in. long, from a woody +rhizome, densely hirsute. Leaflets 3, elliptic, rounded at the +apex, 1¼ in. long, softly villous below, nervose. Racemes +head-like, long-pedunculate, few-flowered. Pods 1 in. long, densely +villous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Penyo).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn341-7" title="Eriosema"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. linifolium</span> <em>Baker fil.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stem erect, rather woody. Leaflets 3-5, very long, up +to 7 in., narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, whitish pubescent below. +Stipules nearly ½ in. long. Racemes terminal, lax, 2-6 in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir, & +Niamniam-land, Bendo).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn341-8" title="Eriosema"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Baker fil.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stem erect, herbaceous, 3-4 in. high, from a tuberous +root. Leaves simple, subsessile, narrowly lanceolate, 4-6 in. long, +up to ½ in. broad, grey canescent below. Stipules lanceolate, ½ in. +long. Flowers closely racemose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn341-9" title="Eriosema"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. flemingioides</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub, densely yellowish-grey or rusty downy. +Leaflets 3, central oblong 4-5 in. long, lower surface permanently +grey downy. Racemes short stalked, fairly dense, 2-3 in. long; +bracts scarious, in unexpanded heads concealing the flowers; cor. +pale to deep red Pod ab. ¾ in. long, tawny.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Duggu); Bahr El +Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn342"><span class= +"sn">342</span><span class="taxon bold">Dalbergia +Melanoxylon</span> <em>Guill.</em> & <em>Perr.</em> BABANUS or +EIBNUSA—Arab; ORŪM (Dilling) & KUNG (J. Eliri)—Nuba; FAITI & +FUNITI—Bari; ERRIT (Goz El Siada), RED (Kenissa), RĒT (L. +Powendael) and RĪT (Bahr El Ghazal)—Dinka; RIT—Jur; BOKANGO or +EBANOS—Golo; TARI—Hameg; LURR & GEL—Nuer; GIUOM—Burun.</p> + +<p class="p2">Small to middle-sized tree of irregular growth; +branches spiny. Leaves imparipinnate; leaflets 9-13, alternate; +flowers white, sweet-scented; pods flat, indehiscent, mostly +1-seeded.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov. (Jebelein) & south of Lat. 13° +N.</p> + +<p class="p3">The timber is black like ebony, for which it is used +as a substitute; good-sized and sound logs are, however, rare. It +is difficult to work but takes a beautiful polish. It is resistant +to insect pests, and is useful for cabinet making.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn342-2" title="Dalbergia"><span class= +"taxon bold">D. sp.</span> (leaf only) <span class="taxon bold">No. +1295</span> <em>S.G.H.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall, graceful tree. Leaves imparipinnate; leaflets +alternate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nuba Mts. Prov. (near Dilling).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn342-3" title="Dalbergia"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_208">[208]</span><span class="taxon bold">D. +sp.</span> HURHAR—Arab (Pod only).</p> + +<p class="p2">Tree.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (Muriel L/160).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn343"><span class= +"sn">343</span><span class="taxon bold">Pterocarpus lucens</span> +<em>Guill.</em> & <em>Perr.</em> TARAYA—Arab; DIGDIG—Dinka & Jur; +M’BOLO & GANA—Golo; IMMIRORA—Hameg; TIRMA—Bongo.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tall and straight tree. Leaves imparipinnate; +leaflets 3-7, alternate; flowers yellow, sweet-scented; pod +indehiscent, disk-like, with a winged margin.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal +Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">The wood, which is yellowish white in colour and +strong, works well. It is suited to carpentry, joinery and cabinet +making. The bark, which contains a gum allied to “Kino,” is +astringent, and is used for tanning and for dysentery. The leaves +excite the appetite, and are a remedy for stomach troubles.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn344"><span class= +"sn">344</span><span class="taxon bold">Lonchocarpus +laxiflorus</span> <em>Guill.</em> & <em>Perr.</em> AMGINEIDILAD +(Baggara) & KHASHKHASH AZRAK (Fung), K. EL SUGHUR & HARHAR +(Baggara)—Arab; LAKUDI—Bari; ZIDI—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Small tree. Leaves imparipinnate; leaflets 5-7, +oblong-lanceolate to ovate-oblong; flowers light-purple, +monadelphous, in dense panicles. Pod 3-4 in. long, nearly ¾ in. +broad, membranous, straight.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); White Nile Prov. (Jebelein); +Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Darfur & Mongalla +Provinces.</p> + +<p class="p3">Wood, heavy, yellow. A very showy tree when in +flower.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn345"><span class= +"sn">345</span><span class="taxon bold">Andira inermis</span> +<em>H.B.</em> & <em>K.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tree 20-30 ft. high. Leaflets 9-13, lanceolate, +terminal obovate 2-3 in. long, subcoriaceous, glabrous. Flowers +pink in pyramidal panicles up to 1 ft. long. Fruit plum-like, hard, +1½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn346"><span class= +"sn">346</span><span class="taxon bold">Afrormosia laxiflora</span> +<em>Harms.</em> M’BANGA—Golo; M’BANGA & LEBBE—Bongo.</p> + +<p class="p2">Middle-sized tree with imparipinnate leaves and +inconspicuous greenish flowers, due to white petals falling off +early. Leaflets 9-11, glabrous, coriaceous. Pods flat, thin, 4 in. +long, with an intra-marginal nerve.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau, Jur).</p> + +<p class="p3">The wood is dark and hard, and close grained: density +1.1 (sap-wood and 1.14 heart-wood). It is difficult to work, but +takes a good polish. An excellent wood for cabinet making.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn347"><span class= +"sn">347</span><span class="taxon bold">Swartzia +madagascariensis</span> <em>Desv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tree, 20-30 ft. high. Leaflets 9-11, alternate, +oblong, coriaceous, 2-3 in. long. Flowers solitary or in +few-flowered<span class="pagenum" id="Page_209">[209]</span> +racemes; petal 1 only orbicular, silky on back. Pod up to 1 ft. +long, up to ¾ in. thick, cylindrical, slightly furrowed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<p class="p3">Wood very hard and heavy, density 1.08; difficult to +work, and suited for piles and fences. The heart-wood is dark +reddish brown, the sap-wood yellow. It takes a fine polish and +makes handsome furniture, etc.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn348"><span class= +"sn">348</span><span class="taxon bold">Cordyla africana</span> +<em>Lour.</em> DONJIJUAK (Bahr El Ghazal)—Dinka; BOLI, CHINYA & +TINA—Golo.</p> + +<p class="p2">Large tree with rough bark. Leaves gland-dotted, +imparipinnate; leaflets 19-25 up to 2 in. long. Flowers in 6-12 +flowered racemes, 1-2 in. long; petals 0; stamens numerous; +filaments free or very slightly connate. Pod stalked at first, then +yellow, pulpy, the size of a small lemon.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau); Mongalla Prov. +(Gondokoro).</p> + +<p class="p3">Yields a dark gum. The fruit is eaten.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="salicace">SALICACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn349"><span class= +"sn">349</span><span class="taxon bold">Salix Safsaf</span> +<em>Forsk.</em> SAFSAF—Arab; URU—Hameg. Willow.</p> + +<p class="p2">Large riverside shrub. Leaves alt., lanceolate, +usually 2-3 in. long, glabrous, sometimes villous when young. Infl. +diœcious; catkins 1-2 in. long. Capsule rather broad and blunt; +seeds silky hairy.</p> + +<p class="p2">Atbara River; Nile below Khartoum; Blue Nile and +tributaries; Darfur Prov. (J. Marra).</p> + +<p class="p3">The twigs are used for basket making. A black dye +obtained from the leaves, is used for dyeing mats.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn349-2" title="Salix"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. Murielii</span> <em>Skan.</em> SAFSAF—Arab; +URŪ—Hameg.</p> + +<p class="p2">Riverside shrub. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, 1½-3 in. +long, densely grey-silky hairy. Catkins 1-3 in. long. Capsule +broadly ovoid without style.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia (between Berber & Khartoum); Blue Nile Prov. +(Sennar & Dinder).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn349-3" title="Salix"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Skan.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Young branches grey-tomentose, finally brown and +glabrous. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, long acuminate, serrulate, up +to 5 in. long. Catkins 1-2½ in. long. Capsule ovoid, beaked, nearly +¼ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Khartoum Prov.; Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="morace">MORACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn350"><span class= +"sn">350</span><span class="taxon bold">Chlorophora excelsa</span> +<em>Benth.</em> & <em>Hook.</em> DORO—Kaliko.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tall tree with milky juice, with bole clean up to 60 +ft. Leaves alt., elliptic, acuminate, cordate, serrate-dentate, 6-7 +in. long (shorter on old trees), tomentose, especially when young; +pet. ½-1½ in. long. Infl. diœcious. Male fl. on catkin-like spikes +up to 7 in. long; calyx 4-partite; sta. 4. Fem. fl. in globose or +cylindrical spikes up to 2½ in. long; calyx<span class="pagenum" +id="Page_210">[210]</span> segm. 4; ovary enclosed in calyx; style +simple or unequally bifid. Fruit a fleshy syncarp.</p> + +<p class="p2">Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Assika River).</p> + +<p class="p3">Wood brownish yellow with lighter longitudinal lines, +hard, but works well. A beautiful wood suitable for cabinet +work.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn351"><span class= +"sn">351</span><span class="taxon bold">Dorstenia bicornis</span> +<em>Schwfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, 1 ft. high, from a creeping rhizome, pubescent +on petioles, which are long for lower leaves. Leaves thin, elliptic +to obovate or obcuneate, apex mucronulate, acute to acuminate, +undulate to coarse-dentate, 4-5 in. long. Infl. monœcious solitary; +fl. crowded on a foliform, lunately curved, stalked receptacle, ab. +1 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Tuhami’s +Zariba).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn351-2" title="Dorstenia"><span class= +"taxon bold">D. psilurus</span> <em>Welw.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, 1-2½ ft. high, from a creeping rhizome. Leaves +polymorphic, varying from ovate-elliptic to 3- or several-lobed. +Infl. solitary, long-stalked vertical; receptacle linear-lanceolate +up to 1½ in. long passing above into an erect, linear appendage +2½-3½ in. long, slightly dilated at apex; base prolonged beyond the +stalk forming an upward curving appendage, ½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn351-3" title="Dorstenia"><span class= +"taxon bold">D. Walleri</span> <em>Hemsl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Fleshy plant; stem simple from a disciform tuber, +8-16 in. high. Leaves crowded at top of stem, elliptic with unequal +base, 2½-5½ in. long. Infl. solitary; stalk 1-2 in. long; +receptacle stellate, 4-7 rayed, up to 1 in. diam.; rays ¾-3 in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso +River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn351-4" title="Dorstenia"><span class= +"taxon bold">D. barnimiana</span> <em>Schwfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stemless, tuberous herb. Leaves radical fleshy +cordate to cordate-ovate, the ultimate leaf sometimes 3-sect, +segments again 2-3 sect, many-toothed; pet. 6 in. long or more. +Peduncles as long as petioles; receptacle green, vertical, linear +to oblong, with a narrow margin and linear bracts, the terminal one +the longest up to 1¼ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat; Khor Koki, near Matamma); +Fung Prov. (J. Fazoghl, Famaka, Fazoghli).</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">var. tropæolifolia</span> +<em>Rendle.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Smaller than above. Leaf solitary, peltate, roundish, +1 in. diam.; pet. under 2 in. long. Peduncle 2-4 in. long, bracts +on receptacle ⅓-½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat; left bank of Gendua +River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn351-5" title="Dorstenia"><span class= +"taxon bold">D. foetida var. obovata</span> <em>Engl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stems from a thick fleshy tuber; leaves on long +slender petioles, elliptic, ovate or obovate, 1½ in. long, 1 in. +broad. Infl. roundish, with 8-10 linear unequal arms about ⅙ in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Katai Geraita).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn351-6" title="Dorstenia"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_211">[211]</span><span class="taxon bold">D. +palmata</span> <em>Engl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stemless herb, tuber roundish to broadly conical. +Petioles 2-4 in. long; leaves glabrous, ovate-cordate, dentate or +3-7 sect, 3-4 in. long. Peduncle 2-4 in. long; erect, narrowly +triangular, up to 1½ in. long; apical bract ¾ in. and 1-2 pairs of +bracts from basal angles, ab. ½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur; Wau, Jur Ghattas & +Mangob).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn352"><span class= +"sn">352</span><span class="taxon bold">Ficus palmata</span> +<em>Forsk.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub or small tree with milky juice. Leaves alt. +ovate-acuminate or ovate-orbicular and 3-5 lobed, scabrous, 2½-8 +in. long. Receptacles axillary with 3 basal bracts and numerous +others round the opening into the receptacle (ostiole).</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra; +Abwo stream, 8,200 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn352-2" title="Ficus"><span class= +"taxon bold">F. Sycomorus</span> <em>Linn.</em> GAMEIZ—Arab; +FANTEIB—Hadendowa; N’GUHIN (Dilling), N’GWANI (J. Ghulfan), DULLAM +(Tagele) & INDYEIK (Kadugli)—Nuba; NENSHA—Hameg; KELISHO—Bari; +NAGAP (Kaka)—Dinka; NAP NGOF—Nuer; AWOLAM—Shilluk.</p> + +<p class="p2">Very large tree. Leaves alt., suborbicular, 2-5 in. +long, subentire, sometimes somewhat scabrous, 3-nerved at base. +Receptacles (Figs) 1 in. diam., tomentose, in leafless panicles on +older wood; basal bracts 2, ostiolar bracts numerous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Found near running water, in most parts of the Sudan, +Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Erkowit); Berber Prov. (Shendi & El +Mesherif); Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Darfur +Prov.; Bahr El Jebel.</p> + +<p class="p3">Wood soft, not durable, used for dug-out canoes and +household utensils. Fruit edible. The wood was used by ancient +Egyptians for mummy cases.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn352-3" title="Ficus"><span class= +"taxon bold">F. capensis</span> <em>Thunb.</em> N’GAB (Bahr El +Ghazal)—Dinka; GASSE—Golo.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub of small tree. Leaves oval, 3-nerved at base, +2½-9 in. long; pet. up to 3 in. long; stip. oblong-lanceolate, +villous, caducous. Receptacles in leafless 1 ft. long panicles on +old wood, each obovoid, up to 1 in. long; basal bracts 3; bracts +round prominent ostiole numerous, hairy.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="p3">Fruit edible.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn352-4" title="Ficus"><span class= +"taxon bold">F. Vallis-Choudæ</span> <em>Del.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Large tree. Leaves broadly ovate, 4-8 in. long, +coarsely dentate; pet. 1-2½ in. long; stip. linear-lanceolate, ¾ +in. long, deciduous. Receptacles 1¾ in. diam., axillary, solitary, +pear-shaped; basal bracts small and caducous; ostiolar bracts +numerous coriaceous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Gendua River); Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land); Nabambisso River); Belgian Congo +(Niamniam-land: Wando River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn352-5" title="Ficus"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_212">[212]</span><span class="taxon bold">F. +gnaphalocarpa</span> <em>A. Rich.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Large tree. Leaves orbicular or ovate, cordate, 2-5 +in. long, coriaceous, scabrous at times, obtusely serrate; pet. ¼-3 +in. long; stip. subpersistent, lanceolate-acuminate. Receptacles +axillary, solitary, tomentose, 1½ in. long; basal bracts 3 whorled +or scattered over the receptacle; ostiolar bracts tomentose, ¼ in. +long, horizontal across orifice and retrorse inside it.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. +(Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur; Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. +(Bor).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn352-6" title="Ficus"><span class= +"taxon bold">F. capreæfolia</span> <em>Del.</em> GUEIR or +SEYID—Arab; OBA—Hameg.</p> + +<p class="p2">Riverside shrub. Leaves nearly all opposite, +3-dentate at apex, 1-4 in. long, scabrous; pet. ab. ¼ in. long; +stipules paired, lanceolate, ¼ in. long. Receptacles axillary, +solitary, ¾ in. diam., bracts 3-4, scattered on ½ in. long +peduncle; ostiole open, bracts imbricate descending into the +orifice.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: banks of the Atbara River +near Matamma); between Matamma & Shendi; Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov. +(Fazoghli); Blue Nile Prov. (Wad El Ghazal, Abu Haraz); Kordofan +Prov. (Bara); Upper White Nile Prov. (Fashoda); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Niamniam-land: River Ibba & River Sway, near Dukuttu, +Mittu-land: Roah River).</p> + +<p class="p3">Fruit edible.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn352-7" title="Ficus"><span class= +"taxon bold">F. urceolaris</span> <em>Welw.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub or small tree. Leaves alt., unequally elliptic, +caudate, 4-9 in. long, coarsely dentate; pet. ⅓-¾ in. long; stip. +ovate, scabrous, ¼ in. long. Receptacles axillary 1-3 together on +young shoots; basal bracts minute, scattered on peduncle. Ostiole +large, bracts imbricate, mucilaginous, hyaline.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: on the +Nabambisso River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn352-8" title="Ficus"><span class= +"taxon bold">F. storthophylla</span> <em>Warb.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub or small tree. Leaves obovate-oblanceolate, +caudate, 3-6 in. long, pinnately and laciniately lobed, scabrous; +pet. ¼-½ in. long; stip. deciduous. Receptacles axillary 4 or 2 +together, ¼ in. diam., subsessile with 2-3 basal bracts; ostiole +large and slightly protruding, bracts numerous in and around the +orifice.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Atoboru +River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn352-9" title="Ficus"><span class= +"taxon bold">F. sciarophylla</span> <em>Warb.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub 8 ft. high. Leaves elliptic, coarsely lobulate, +acuminate, 6-12 in. long, whitish villous when young; pet. 1-2 in. +long or more; stip. oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, ab. 1 in. long, +glabrous. Receptacle not known.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: River Hoo).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn352-10" title="Ficus"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_213">[213]</span><span class="taxon bold">F. +salicifolia</span> <em>Vahl.</em> UMSISI (Baggara)—Arab; +TINGALIGALI (Kadugli)—Nuba.</p> + +<p class="p2">Moderate-sized tree; bark light-brown. Leaves +lanceolate, veins reticulate, strongly marked, usually 1-6 in. +long; pet. ½-2½ in. long; stip. linear, 1 in. long, deciduous. +Receptacles axillary crowded in pairs on short peduncles; basal +bracts minute, deciduous; ostiole closed by bracts.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile Prov. (Segeddi); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. +Kadugli, J. Daier); Darfur Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn352-11" title="Ficus"><span class= +"taxon bold">F. ingens</span> <em>Miq.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tree or shrub. Leaves ovate, cordate, 3-6 in. long, +shining; pet. 1 in. long; stip. not known. Receptacles ⅓ in. diam., +axillary, paired; basal bracts 2, coriaceous; ostiole closed by 3 +imbricate bracts.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Gendua River); Fung Prov. +(Fazoghli); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Talodi); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dukuttu +and Jur Ghattas); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn352-12" title="Ficus"><span class= +"taxon bold">F. ingentoides</span> <em>Hutchinson.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub or small tree, branchlets tomentose. Leaves +oblong-lanceolate, rounded or subcordate at base, shortly +acuminate, 2½-5 in. long, entire, thinly coriaceous; pet. ab. 1 in. +long; stip. caducous, coriaceous. Receptacles axillary on old wood, +½ in. diam., basal bracts persistent; ostiolar bracts imbricate, +visible outside.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, Mid Robo 8,300 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn352-13" title="Ficus"><span class= +"taxon bold">F. polita</span> <em>Vahl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tree 50 ft. high. Leaves ovate, caudate, 3-6 in. +long, rounded or subcordate at base; pet. up to 4½ in. long; stip. +lanceolate-acuminate, caducous. Receptacles clustered on outgrowths +on old wood, 1½ in. diam., wrinkled; basal bracts 3, triangular, +ostiolar bracts retrorse inside orifice.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Linduku River, +Mittu: Mvolo).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn352-14" title="Ficus"><span class= +"taxon bold">F. ovata</span> <em>Vahl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Large tree with a wide crown. Leaves oblong-elliptic, +shortly acuminate, 7-10 in. long, base rounded or cordate; pet. ab. +2 in. long; stip. lanceolate-acuminate, caducous, 2 in. long. +Receptacles in axillary pairs, 1-2 in. diam., enclosed when young +by lid-like basal bracts; ostioles small; bracts all internal.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Linduku River & +Mansilli River); Belgian Congo.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn352-15" title="Ficus"><span class= +"taxon bold">F. glumosa</span> <em>Del.</em> TILT—Hadendowa; KWEYI +(J. Eliri) & RREK (Kadugli) & FATAA (J. Daier)—Nuba; LAG—Dinka; +GARI—Jur; KELA—Golo.</p> + +<p class="p2">Small to large tree. Leaves oblong or +oblong-lanceolate, subcordate, up to 6 in. long, subcoriaceous; +pet. up to 2½ in. long; stip. caducous. Receptacles axillary, +paired, ¼ in.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_214">[214]</span> +diam., basal bracts small; ostiole small, prominent; bracts +internal.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Red Sea Prov. +(Suakin, Erkowit); Fung Prov. (J. Juli, Fazoghli); Kordofan Prov. +(J. Kon); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Daier, Kadugli & J. Ghulfan); Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Bongo & Dar Fertit).</p> + +<p class="p3">The bark is used for tanning and the latex for making +bird-lime. The fruit is eaten.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">var. glaberrima</span> +<em>Martelli.</em> SĒMOK—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p4">More glabrous than above.</p> + +<p class="p4">Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Kassala Prov. +(Gallabat: Matamma); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Nuba Mts. +Prov. (Kadugli); Darfur Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur +Ghattas, Wau).</p> + +<p class="p5">In the Bahr El Ghazal Prov. the bark is used for +tanning and also for making native cloth.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn352-16" title="Ficus"><span class= +"taxon bold">F. Thonningii</span> <em>Blume.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tree 40 ft. high. Leaves obovate- or oblong-elliptic, +2-9 in. long, chartaceous; pet. ½-2½ in. long; stip. deciduous, +lanceolate-acuminate, ½ in. long. Recept. axillary, paired, +sessile, ¼ in. diam.; basal bracts 3, ovate; ostiole small, +boss-like, bracts all internal.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso +River); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Wando River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn352-17" title="Ficus"><span class= +"taxon bold">F. populifolia</span> <em>Vahl.</em> SHEIALA +(Dilling)—Nuba.</p> + +<p class="p2">Moderate-sized tree, with smooth yellowish bark. +Leaves rotundate, cordate, acuminate, 2½-5 in. long; pet. 1½-3½ in. +long; stip. caducous, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, ab. 1 in. long. +Recept. axillary, 2-4 together, ⅓ in. diam.; basal bracts 2, +minute; ostiolar bracts all included.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile Prov. (Sennar); Fung Prov. (Roseires); +White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol & Jebelein); Nuba Mts. Prov. (rocky +hills); Darfur Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">Fruit edible.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn352-18" title="Ficus"><span class= +"taxon bold">F. mittuensis</span> <em>Warb.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Differs from following by the prominent umbilical +ostiole and the bifurcate midrib of the leaves.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu: Mvolo).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn352-19" title="Ficus"><span class= +"taxon bold">F. abutilifolia</span> <em>Miq.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tree with light-red bark. Leaves broad-cordate, 3-8 +in. long and broad; pet. 2-4 in. long, flattened horizontally; +stip. caducous. Recept. axillary, in pairs, stipitate, ½ in. long, +mottled; basal bracts, rim or cup-like; ostiolar bracts all +included.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn352-20" title="Ficus"><span class= +"taxon bold">F. vasta</span> <em>Forsk.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Large tree. Leaves broadly ovate, deeply cordate, +3-14 in.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_215">[215]</span> long, +tomentose; petiole up to 5 in. long; stip. deciduous, 1-3 in. long. +Recept. axillary 2-3 together, ½ in. diam., basal bracts connate at +base, soon breaking from it; ostiole 2-lipped; bracts all included, +2 larger than the others.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia (between Suakin & Berber, Khor Harassa); +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Khor River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land: Makporru Hill).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn352-21" title="Ficus"><span class= +"taxon bold">F. congensis</span> <em>Engl.</em> KANGARU (J. +Eliri)—Nuba; ADOT or ADIT—Jur.</p> + +<p class="p2">Large tree. Leaves ovate-cordate, 5-8 in. long, +coriaceous; pet. 1-3 in. long; stip. lanceolate-acuminate, 1-2½ in. +long. Receptacles axillary, in pairs, ⅓ in. diam.; basal bracts 2, +connate at base; ostiole 2-lipped; bracts included.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol & Jebelein); Nuba Mts. +Prov. (J. Eliri); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit: Deim Guju, Jur: +between Tonj & Wau, Bongo: Gir).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn352-22" title="Ficus"><span class= +"taxon bold">F. discifera</span> <em>Warb.</em> KAURDAK (J. +Daier)—Nuba.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tree; leaf scars on branchlets disk- or +horseshoe-shaped, ¼ in. diam. Leaves very broadly ovate, shortly +acuminate, cordate, 4-8 in. long, 2-3½ in. wide; stip. caducous, +lanceolate-acuminate, ⅓ in. long. Recept. probably axillary near +ends of shoots ab. ½ in. diam.; basal bracts connate-saucer-shaped; +ostiolar bracts included, 2 larger.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; between Gedaref & Abu Haraz (J. Arrang); Nuba +Mts. Prov. (J. Daier).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn352-23" title="Ficus"><span class= +"taxon bold">F. platyphylla</span> <em>Del.</em> KURUWANG (J. +Eliri), TAL (J. Ghulfan)—Nuba; KUBO—Bongo; KWEL (Bahr El +Ghazal)—Dinka; KUVU, FUNGU or WUNGO—Golo; KWAYA or PAYO—Jur; +KOYO—Krej; ROKKO—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Very large tree. Leaves broadly elliptic, +deep-cordate, 5-10 in. long; pet. 3-5 in. long; stip. deciduous, +triangular, ⅓ in. long. Recept. axillary, 2-3 together, ab. ½ in. +diam.; basal bracts 2, connate at base; ostiolar bracts all +included.</p> + +<p class="p2">Dongola Prov. (Merowe); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli, Singa & +Jongol’s Post); Upper White Nile Prov. (Khor Attar); Sobat River; +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dinka, Jur: Jur Ghattas, Mittu); Bahr El +Jebel.</p> + +<p class="p3">The latex yields a very resinous rubber of no +commercial value. The Dinkas tap the tree and with the dried latex +clean their brass ornaments. The bark is used for tanning and for +making bark cloth and ropes.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn352-24" title="Ficus"><span class= +"taxon bold">F. iteophylla</span> <em>Miq.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Epiphyte or tree. Leaves oblanceolate, narrowing at +each end, 1½-4 in. long; pet. 1-2 in. long; stip. deciduous +lanceolate, small. Recept. axillary, crowded on young shoots, ab. ½ +in. diam.; basal bracts 2, caducous, leaving a saucer-like rim; +ostiole 2-lipped; bracts included.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nuba Mts. Prov. (Homra near Kadugli); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn352-25" title="Ficus"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_216">[216]</span><span class="taxon bold">F. +Dekdekena</span> <em>A. Rich.</em> UMSISI (Kordn.) & SARDOL +(Sennar)—Arab; NIHING (Dilling) & RREK (Kadugli)—Nuba; ARAKH & +THARAT—Hameg.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tree or epiphyte. Leaves oblanceolate, +short-acuminate, undulate, 2-6 in. long; pet. up to 2½ in. long; +stip. ovate-lanceolate, ¼ in. long, ciliate. Recept. axillary in +pairs crowded on young shoots, ⅓ in. diam.; basal bracts 3, connate +at base; ostiole 2-lipped; bracts included, 2 larger than rest.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli, Roseires); Nuba Mts. Prov. +(Khor Ganna, near Dilling); Blue Nile Prov. (Sheikh Talha); Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn352-26" title="Ficus"><span class= +"taxon bold">F. Carica</span> <em>Linn.</em> SHAGAR EL TIN—Arab. +The Cultivated Fig.</p> + +<p class="p2">It is said to yield a rubber.</p> + +<p class="p2">Cultivated for its fruit.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn353"><span class= +"sn">353</span><span class="taxon bold">Antiaris sp.</span> +</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Wau & Niamniam-land: Mt. +Baginze).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn354"><span class= +"sn">354</span><span class="taxon bold">Treculia africana</span> +<em>Decne.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall tree with milky juice and clear bole ⅔ its +height. Leaves alt., elliptic, 3-8 in. long, coriaceous; pet. ¼-½ +in. long; stip. caducous, lanceolate, ½-¾ in. long. Fl. diœcious, +capitate in both sexes, arranged on outside of and densely +surrounded by the bracts of the fleshy receptacle. Male heads +axillary short stalked, globose 1-2 in. diam. Fruit a syncarp up to +twice as large as a man’s head, yellowish outside when ripe.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: near Kulenjo); +Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: near Assika & Yuru Rivers).</p> + +<p class="p3">The seeds are extracted from the fruit, ground into a +paste and cooked by frying in oil. The fruits are of great size, +weighing from 13-18 lbs. It has been estimated that a fruit may +contain 1,500 seeds, each about the size of a haricot bean.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="urticace">URTICACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn355"><span class= +"sn">355</span><span class="taxon bold">Fleurya æstuans</span> +<em>Gaud.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Bright green, nettle-like monœcious herb, up to 4 or +6 ft. high. Leaves alt., ovate, dentate 2-6 in. long, base truncate +or slightly cordate, 3-nerved, with appressed stiff hairs on both +surfaces; pet. 1-10 in. long; stip, persistent, subulate, ab. ⅓ in. +long. Infl. an axillary long-stalked panicle, longer than the leaf, +the small clusters bisexual and male on the same panicle, rarely +male on separate peduncles. Male fl. calyx 4-5 partite; sta. 4-5; +fem. fl. per. 4-partite, 2 segments larger.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Gir); Bahr El Jebel +(Madi).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn356"><span class= +"sn">356</span><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_217">[217]</span><span class="taxon bold">Urera sp.</span> +HINNAT EL ABELAIN (Sennar)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub, 6-8 ft. high, somewhat like a tall nettle in +appearance.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile Prov. (Sennar); Fung Prov. (Saoleil For., +under shade).</p> + +<p class="p3">The branches having large pith cavities are cut and +used as rosaries on the West Coast.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn357"><span class= +"sn">357</span><span class="taxon bold">Bœhmeria platyphylla</span> +<em>D. Don.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub, 3-15 ft. high. Leaves mostly opp., broadly +ovate, acuminate, cordate, coarsely toothed, 3-9 in. long, sparsely +white-hispid above; pet. ½-6 in. long. Spikes axillary, longer than +leaves, either simple with male and fem. fl., or branched with male +fl. on some branches and both sexes on others.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal (Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">var. ugandensis</span> +<em>Rendle.</em></p> + +<p class="p4">Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Assika River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn358"><span class= +"sn">358</span><span class="taxon bold">Parietaria debilis</span> +<em>Forst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small, almost translucent herb. Leaves subrotund, +⅓-1½ in. long, base 3-nerved; pet. shorter than blade. Fl. in +sessile pairs of cymules in leaf-axils, polygamous, minute.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, +9,700 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn359"><span class= +"sn">359</span><span class="taxon bold">Pouzolzia mixta</span> +<em>Solms.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Monœcious shrub, young branches white-hairy. Leaves +alt., ovate, acuminate, ab. 1 in. long, densely hairy above, +white-tomentose beneath; pet. under ¼ in. Fl. monœcious clustered +in leaf-axils, fem. fl. solitary among the numerous males.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn360"><span class= +"sn">360</span><span class="taxon bold">Forskohlea +tenacissima</span> <em>Linn.</em> LUSSAQ or NUSSAQ—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, up to 2 ft., woody below, branches with spiny, +hooked hairs. Leaves alt. obovate or rhomboid, crenate-serrate, ½-2 +in. long, 3-nerved at base, hispid above and white-tomentose below; +pet. ½ length of blade. Fl. monœcious embedded in wool within a +campanulate involucre.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L., Sallom); Khartoum Prov. (J. +Royan and other rocky hills).</p> + +<p class="p3">The bark yields a strong fibre.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn360-2" title="Forskohlea"><span class= +"taxon bold">F. viridis</span> <em>Ehrenb.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Not unlike above. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, +bluntly toothed, ½-4 in. long, only very sparsely hairy.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L., Khor Tamanib); Khartoum +Prov.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="cannabinace">CANNABINACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn361"><span class= +"sn">361</span><span class="taxon bold">Cannabis sativa</span> +<em>Linn.</em> HASHISH, KAMANGA & BANGO—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">The common hemp.</p> + +<p class="p2">Upper White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; +Mongalla Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">The cultivation of the hemp plant is forbidden in the +Sudan. Such specimens as have been found cultivated<span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_218">[218]</span> surreptitiously in clearings +in the forest have been devoid of the resinous excretion +characteristic of the official drug.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="celastrace">CELASTRACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn362"><span class= +"sn">362</span><span class="taxon bold">Gymnosporia +senegalensis</span> <em>Lam.</em> YO’OI or YOI—Arab; +GIRGETTI—Rashida; DABALAB—Hadendowa; MEIRTEN (Dilling)—Nuba; +SURREH—Bari; AKUWAT (L. Powendael)—Dinka; KWOICH—Nuer; +GUMBOTO—Golo.</p> + +<p class="p2">Spiny or (var. inermis) unarmed shrub. Leaves +variable, from obovate to linear spathulate, coriaceous, entire or +crenate. Flowers in axillary dichotomous cymes, small, +greenish-white. Capsule size of a small pea, usually 2, sometimes +3-valved.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & Has Has); Blue Nile Prov. +(near Kamlin); Fung Prov.; Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Mid zone to +8,000 ft.).</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">var. obovata</span> +<em>Loes.</em></p> + +<p class="p4">Blue Nile, White Nile, & Bahr El Ghazal +Provinces.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">var. inermis</span> <em>A. +Rich.</em></p> + +<p class="p4">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Nuba +Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">var. spinosa</span> +<em>Loes.</em></p> + +<p class="p4">Kassala Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Wad Shellai).</p> + +<p class="p5">The wood is close grained, hard and durable, it is +often employed for angareb legs. The ashes are used as a substitute +for salt in the Bahr El Ghazal, and the root bark for +dysentery.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn362-2" title="Gymnosporia"><span class= +"taxon bold">G. cf. G. senegalensis</span> <em>Lam.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Mt. +Baginse).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn362-3" title="Gymnosporia"><span class= +"taxon bold">G. sp.</span> HAMASHINDI—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub with coarse, coriaceous leaves.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn363"><span class= +"sn">363</span><span class="taxon bold">Elæodendron +æthiopicum</span> <em>Oliv.</em> <span class="taxon bold">var. +Burkeanum</span> <em>Loes.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small tree. Leaves rather coriaceous, +elliptic-oblong, shining above. Flowers greenish-yellow in axillary +pedunculate cymes or umbels. Ovary deeply immersed in broad angular +disk, 2-3 celled. Fruit an ovoid, apiculate drupe.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="hippocrateace">HIPPOCRATEACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn364"><span class= +"sn">364</span><span class="taxon bold">Hippocratea cymosa</span> +<em>De Wild</em> & <em>Dur.</em> <span class="taxon bold">var. +Schweinfurthiana</span> <em>Loes.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Climber. Leaves opposite, oblong-elliptic, crenulate, +2-2¾ in. long, leathery, reticulate. Flowers densely cymose. Fruits +oblong-oblanceolate, about 1½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Zeriba Abu Gurun & +Bongo-land: Biselli).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn364-2" title="Hippocratea"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_219">[219]</span><span class="taxon bold">H. +obtusifolia</span> <em>Roxb.</em> LEVII (J. Eliri)—Nuba; +M’KOMVE—Golo.</p> + +<p class="p2">Woody climber. Leaves opposite, variable in shape and +size, more or less crenate. Flowers in cymes, often forming +terminal panicles, small, bisexual. Fruit 2 in. long, separating +into 3 distinct flat coriaceous carpels; seeds 4, compressed, +winged.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nuba Mts. Prov. (by water courses); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Jur-Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn365"><span class= +"sn">365</span><span class="taxon bold">Salacia +Ducis-Wurtembergiæ</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub; branches with ashen bark. Leaves obovate, +obtusely serrate, much reticulated. Panicles axillary, dichotomous; +flowers small. Fruit baccate, 1-3 celled.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Blue Nile Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn365-2" title="Salacia"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. sp.</span> +</p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves subopposite, oblong-elliptic, obtusely +acuminate, about 6 in. long, 2 in. broad, thin, crenate; flowers +not seen.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: River Ibba near +Nganye).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="salvadorace">SALVADORACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn366"><span class= +"sn">366</span><span class="taxon bold">Dobera Roxburghii</span> +<em>Planch.</em> MEIK—Hadendowa; MEIKAH—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Large, much branched tree, finely pubescent above. +Leaves opp., simple, coriaceous, ovate or variable in shape, 2-3 +in. long, thinly white-pubescent beneath. Fl. small, polygamous, in +axillary panicles shorter than leaves; calyx 3-5 lobed; petals 4-5 +free, st. 4-5, filaments monadelphous, ovary 1-celled.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Khors Ashat & Gateb); Dongola Prov. +(Wadi El Merakh); Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">The flowers and leaves are used to perfume water.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn367"><span class= +"sn">367</span><span class="taxon bold">Salvadora persica</span> +<em>Linn.</em> EL RAK, ARAKA & SHAU—Arab; KURREH & LUFARI—Bari; +ASHWEL or KWUIL (Mongalla Prov.); ASHWAL (Renk), AGOWYAK-WYAK +(Kaka) & AKIUL (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka; PAU & KWIL—Nuer; +OBAILOH—Shilluk. The Mustard tree.</p> + +<p class="p2">Diffuse shrub or small tree, glabrous. Leaves opp. +entire, coriaceous, oblong, 2-3 in. long. Fl. very small, +greenish-white in panicles from ends of branches or axillary, +4-merous; st. free.</p> + +<p class="p2">Throughout the Sudan.</p> + +<p class="p3">The leaves when chewed taste like mustard. The twigs +are extensively used by natives as tooth-brushes (called MISWAK in +Arabic). The seeds yield a bright green oil. A decoction of the +bark is used as a vesicant. The berries are eaten. The tree is said +to yield a resin which is useful in manufacture of varnish.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="olacace"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_220">[220]</span>OLACACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn368"><span class= +"sn">368</span><span class="taxon bold">Ximenia americana</span> +<em>Linn.</em> KALTO, ALANKUWE, ABUKHAMEIRA, MIDEKA (Baggara)—Arab; +EIL HĀSAL—Hadendowa; DILLUM (J. Daier), NALTI (Dilling), DUNGUR (J. +Eliri) & TINDURE (Kadugli)—Nuba; MELAT—Dinka; ALEMA—Jur; ALIMU, +KRUPU & RUPU—Golo; BIBI—Hameg; M’VOLO—Bongo.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub, or more rarely small tree, armed with sharp +spines. Leaves alternate, simple, entire, oval, 1-2 in. long. +Flowers white, in short-stalked racemes; stamens 8-10; ovary +4-celled. Fruit a drupe, ab. 1 in. diam., yellow when ripe, +acidulated, edible.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); +Fung; White Nile, Kordofan & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces; Bahr El +Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<p class="p3">The wood is used as a substitute for Sandalwood; it +is very heavy and close grained; the bark is employed for tanning +leather. The fruit is eaten, and is useful in cases of habitual +constipation and gastric troubles. The kernel yields a white +vegetable butter (Wood).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="opiliace">OPILIACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn369"><span class= +"sn">369</span><span class="taxon bold">Opilia amentacea</span> +<em>Roxb.</em> KAYU—Bari; KIUNGWAN (Mongalla)—Dinka; +ZEBALABA—Golo.</p> + +<p class="p2">Climbing shrub; branchlets finely pubescent. Leaves +lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, often sub-falcate. Flowers minute; +yellow in axillary, bracteate spikes, pentamerous. Fruit a drupe, +ovoid, ab. ½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. (near +Dilling); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (two varieties); Mongalla Prov.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="loranthace">LORANTHACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn370"><span class= +"sn">370</span><span class="taxon bold">Loranthus +curviflorus</span> <em>Benth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Woody, evergreen tree-parasite; twigs jointed. Leaves +opp. or alt., linear to ovate-oblong, ¾-2½ in. long; umbels +solitary 4-6 flowered; peduncle ¼ in. long; bract minute; calyx +minute; cor. 1¾ in. long, of 5 separate petals reflexed above the +middle; st. 5, under 1 in. long, inserted near base of petals. Fr. +baccate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° Lat. N.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn370-2" title="Loranthus"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. Acaciæ</span> <em>Zucc.</em> GULA (Blue Nile), +ANABA or SAM (Baggara), ABU HAMĀDA or ABHAMĀDA (North Sudan)—Arab; +HAMILTOB—Rashida; INGYIL (Dilling) & ANABA (Kadugli)—Nuba.</p> + +<p class="p2">Parasitic, as above. Leaves opp. or subopp., oblong +to lanceol.-oblong, 1½-4½ in. long. Umbels axillary, 1-2 +flowered.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_221">[221]</span> Fl. +5-merous, gamopetalous, scarlet, 1½ in. long, cor. 5, gibbous at +base; lobes reflexed from the middle, but slit to within ¼ in. of +base.</p> + +<p class="p2">Widely distributed. Red Sea Prov.; Dongola Prov. (Wad +El Merakh); Berber Prov.; Kassala Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; White +Nile Prov. (Jebelein); Kordofan Prov. (Melbes); Darfur Prov. +(Surutj District, Wadi Hashaba).</p> + +<p class="p3">Good camel fodder. Host plants are <i>Cordia +Rothii</i>, <i>Acacia Seyal</i>, <i>Sesbania ægyptiaca</i>, +<i>Tamarix articulata</i>, <i>Acacia Suma</i>, <i>Zizyphus +mucronata</i>.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn370-3" title="Loranthus"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. Dregei</span> <em>Eckl.</em> & <em>Zeyh.</em> +<span class="taxon bold">var. kerenicus</span> +<em>Sprague.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Parasite, as above; young parts rusty-tomentose. +Leaves ovate-oblong to suborbicular 1½-3 in. long, opp. Heads +axillary, fascicled, 2-4 flowered; bracts spoon-shaped, ¼ in. long; +cor. 2 in. long, densely silky rufous-hairy, base gibbous; lobes +reflexed from ab. the middle; anthers linear, 2-horned.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma).</p> + +<p class="p2">Parasitic on <i>Combretum Hartmannianum</i>.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn370-4" title="Loranthus"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. djurensis</span> <em>Engl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Parasitic. Leaves opp. or alt., ovate or lanceolate, +2-4 in. long. Umbels 3-5 flowered; cor. 1¾ in. long, tube +funnel-shaped, split down one side, ribbed; lobes 5, erect ⅓ in. +long, strap-shaped, separating from below upwards; st. 5, ¼ in. +long, inserted high up.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur; Wau River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn370-5" title="Loranthus"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. platyphyllus</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Parasitic. Leaves variable in insertion and shape, +lanceolate to obovate, up to 4½ in. long. Umbels axillary, solitary +5-8 flowered; cor. orange-red, ab. 2 in. long, tube split down one +side, shorter than lobes which are erect, separating from below +upwards.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Danga, Jongol’s Post District).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn370-6" title="Loranthus"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. globiferus</span> <em>A. Rich.</em> <span class= +"taxon bold">var. verrucosus</span> <em>Sprague.</em> AMAU—Jur.</p> + +<p class="p2">Parasitic. Leaves ovate- to lanceolate-oblong 1-4½ +in. long, thick. Umbels axillary, fascicled, 4-6 flowered; cor. ab. +1½ in. long, swollen above and at base, reddish; tube slit on one +side; cor. lobes ¼ in. long, reflexed, spathulate; st. short.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia (between Korosko & Berber); Blue Nile Prov. +(Wad Medani, Sennar, Rahad); Fung. Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White +Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. +(Sobat River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land); Mongalla Prov. +(Atem Branch at Jonglei).</p> + +<p class="p3">The root is said to be used in the Bahr El Ghazal +Province for making a lotion for itch.</p> + +<p class="p2">Host plants are <i>Khaya senegalensis</i>, +<i>Zizyphus mucronata</i>, <i>Cratæva religiosa</i> and <i>Acacia +tortilis</i>.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">var. salicifolius</span> +<em>Sprague.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves lin.-lanceolate or lin.-oblanceolate, 2½-4 in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_222">[222]</span>Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 7,000 ft.)</p> + +<p class="p3">Parasitic on a <i>Cordia</i>.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn370-7" title="Loranthus"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Engl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Parasitic. Leaves opp. or subopp., broadly ovate, 2-3 +in. long, cuneate to cordate. Umbels axillary, solitary, 9-10 +flowered; cor. under 1½ in. long, pilose outside, swollen at each +end; tube slit ab. ½ in. down; lobes erect, ⅓ in. long, +spoon-shaped; filaments toothed near apex.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: J. Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="p2">Parasitic on <i>Ficus platyphylla</i> Del.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn370-8" title="Loranthus"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. celtidifolius</span> <em>Engl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Parasite; young parts rusty-pilose; branchlets +lenticellate. Leaves opp. or subopp., ovate-oblong, 1½-3 in. long. +Umbels axillary, solitary or ternate, 9-13 flowered; cor. showy, +scarlet, 1⅓ in. long, swollen both ends; upper end 5-keeled, tube +slit ½ in. down; lobes erect, spoon-shaped; filam. toothed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 6,500-8,000 ft).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="santalace">SANTALACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn371"><span class= +"sn">371</span><span class="taxon bold">Thesium +Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Engl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Spreading perennial, up to 9 in. high; branches +4-angled. Leaves ab. ¾ in. long, linear, keeled. Infl. arranged +raceme-like at ends of short branches and subtended by ⅓ in. long +bract and 2 small bracteoles; per. minute, green, 4-5 lobed, +valvate, hairy at tip; st. 4-5 small. Fr. globose, 10-ribbed, +minute.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Khor Mulmul).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="rhamnace">RHAMNACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn372"><span class= +"sn">372</span><span class="taxon bold">Zizyphus orthacantha</span> +<em>DC.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub or small tree, armed or unarmed. Leaves oblong +to orbicular, 3-5 nerved from the base, glabrous above, shortly +ferruginous-tomentose below and on extremities. Flowers greenish, +in small axillary cymes. Fruit edible.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (Masgul & J. Sungor); Upper Nile Prov. +(Kodok).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn372-2" title="Zizyphus"><span class= +"taxon bold">Z. abyssinica</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Differs from above in its broadly ovate, acute +leaves, very oblique at the base and 2-5 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur +Ghattas: Bongo-land: Sabbi); Fung Prov. (Roseires); Nuba Mts. Prov. +(Kadugli).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn372-3" title="Zizyphus"><span class= +"taxon bold">Z. Spina-Christi</span> <em>Lam.</em> SIDDIR & +NABAK—Arab; BUSA (fruit GHOT)—Hameg.</p> + +<p class="p2">Very thorny shrub; prickles usually one straight and +one recurved. Leaves ovate to lanceolate, equal at the base, +crenate-serrate, 1-3 in. long. Fruit edible.</p> + +<p class="p2">Khartoum Prov. (6th cataract); Blue Nile Prov. +(Eilafun); North Sudan.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn372-4" title="Zizyphus"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_223">[223]</span><span class="taxon bold">Z. +mucronata</span> <em>Willd.</em> SIDDIR, & NABBAK EL FIL—Arab; +GABĀT & TAGABA—Hadendowa; KASSLA—Rashida; KWAII (Dilling), TITTAWYI +(J. Eliri) & TINGRA (Kadugli)—Nuba; LĀNG—Shilluk; LANGI & +LUKATI—Bari; LĀNG (Kaka & Kenissa) or LĀNT (Kenissa) & LANF +(Renk)—Dinka; BWAU—Nuer; OM KURSAN—Hameg.</p> + +<p class="p2">Small tree or large shrub, armed or unarmed. Leaves +broadly ovate or ovate-cordate mucronate, crenate-serrate. Cymes +10-20 flowered.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov.; Kassala Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(mouth of Bahr El Arab); Red Sea Prov.; White Nile Provinces; Nuba +Mts. Prov.; Mongalla Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">The fruit is edible; the wood is light pink in +colour, hard and durable.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn373"><span class= +"sn">373</span><span class="taxon bold">Mæsopsis sp.</span> +</p> + +<p class="p2">Tree 20 ft.; branchlets lenticellate. Leaves obovate, +obtusely acuminate, 4-4½ in. long, 2-2½ in. broad, glabrous. Young +fruits globose, small, with the style persistent.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="vitace">AMPELIDACEÆ (or VITACEÆ).</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn374"><span class= +"sn">374</span><span class="taxon bold">Ampelocissus +abyssinica</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Woody climber; leaves 3-lobed, glabrous, +rotundate-cordate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: by the Gendua River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn374-2" title="Ampelocissus"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. cavicaulis</span> <em>Pl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves large, palmate to pedate-partite, 5 principal +lobes reaching ⅔ or ¾ of the way down.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir, & +Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn374-3" title="Ampelocissus"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. pentaphylla</span> <em>Pl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Semi-herbaceous climber. Leaves 3-5 partite, lobes +linear, loosely serrate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land); Bahr El Jebel +(Mongalla Prov. & Madi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn374-4" title="Ampelocissus"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. Grantii</span> <em>Pl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Climber; leaves almost rotundate, slightly or deeply +5-lobed.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Jur-Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn374-5" title="Ampelocissus"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. Schimperiana</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Strong woody climber. Leaves large, slightly 5-lobed, +rufous-villous when young. Fruit oblong, edible.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn374-6" title="Ampelocissus"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. cinnamochroa</span> <em>Pl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Much like the preceding.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn374-7" title="Ampelocissus"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. bombycina</span> <em>Pl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves distinctly 3-5 lobed with rounded sinuses; +young shoots densely silky-tomentose; stems herbaceous.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_224">[224]</span>Bahr +El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn374-8" title="Ampelocissus"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. sarcocephala</span> <em>Pl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves 5-partite; segments lanceolate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn375"><span class= +"sn">375</span><span class="taxon bold">Cissus populnea</span> +<em>Guill.</em> & <em>Perr.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves almost rotundate, undivided, slightly +mucronate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Jur-land & Dar Fertit).</p> + +<p class="p3">Large creeper used for jungle ropes.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn375-2" title="Cissus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. bignonioides</span> <em>Schweinf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Fairly large climber with corky stems; leaves ovate, +cordate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Boddo +River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn375-3" title="Cissus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. rubiginosa</span> <em>Pl.</em> KISKI—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves almost pentagonal, denticulate; leaves and +shoots with dense silky rusty tomentum.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Kishi +River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn375-4" title="Cissus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. producta</span> <em>Afzel.</em> BULAKOLIN (Bahr El +Ghazal)—Dinka; YIAD—Jur.</p> + +<p class="p2">Ascending undershrub or woody climber; leaves simple, +lanceolate; joints thickened.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">The tubers, which are spindle-shaped, are used by +Dinkas against tse-tse bites on animals, an emulsion of crushed +tubers and water is rubbed over the animals’ bodies and a small +quantity is also given to them to drink as a preventive.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn375-5" title="Cissus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. cornifolia</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Sub-erect undershrub, densely ferruginous when young. +Leaves 3-nerved, palmate or ovate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nuba Mts. Prov. (near J. Eliri); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov.; Bahr El Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<p class="p3">Fruit edible.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn375-6" title="Cissus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. quadrangularis</span> <em>Linn.</em> SALA’ALA’A or +SALALA—Arab; METOWI—Rashida; KĀT-UT—Hadendowa; ATETE (J. Daier) & +ULGYIN (Dilling)—Nuba; MOJUNGI—Bari; ARENG (L. Powendael), & ARNIK +(Kenissa & Renk)—Dinka; MEREKOTI—Golo; MERISH—Hameg; MUNDA—Burun; +DEUGANAI—Nuer.</p> + +<p class="p2">Climber with fleshy quadrangular stem, leafless part +of the year. Leaves ovate to 3-lobed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Throughout the greater part of the Sudan, especially +Nubia.</p> + +<p class="p3">A preserve of stem, boiled in water, is said to be a +useful stomachic. The juice is used by camel-men to cleanse and +heal saddle-galls, and other sores of camels. In the Bahr El Ghazal +it is said to be used for poisoning arrows.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn375-7" title="Cissus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. palmatifida</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Sub-erect, woody. Leaves 3-5 lobed, often cut deep +down;<span class="pagenum" id="Page_225">[225]</span> finely +villous on upper and densely grey matted on under surface. Petals +4.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: below Dimoh & Atena +River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn375-8" title="Cissus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. aralioides</span> <em>Welw.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Climber, woody below, glabrous. Leaves 5-fol.; +leaflets oblong or slightly obovate 2-3 in. long, faintly +denticulate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn375-9" title="Cissus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. Ibuensis</span> <em>Hook. f.</em> LIF—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Herbaceous climber. Leaves 3-fol., irregularly +serrate-dentate; fruit size of a pea.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nile (between Khartoum & Berber); Fung Prov.; White +Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land); +Mongalla Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn375-10" title="Cissus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. alnifolia</span> <em>Schweinfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb 6 ft. high. Leaves simple, sessile, +ovate-orbicular, 5 in. broad, denticulate, puberulous below; +stipules triangular, acute, ⅓ in. long. Cymes terminal, +glandular.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the +Kuddu).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn375-11" title="Cissus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. juncea</span> <em>Webb.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stem erect; leaves sessile; leaflets 3, subequal, +oblong-lanceolate, 6-7 in. long, membranous. Root tuberous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn375-12" title="Cissus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. crinita</span> <em>Planch.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stem hairy; leaves long 3-5 fol.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn375-13" title="Cissus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. crotalaroides</span> <em>Schwfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect undershrub. Leaves sessile. Leaflets +oblanceolate, acute, 5-6 in. long, 1-1½ in. broad, doubly serrate, +puberulous below. Fruits pubescent.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (near Deim Zubeir & Jur-land: +Zeriba Abu-Gurun).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn375-14" title="Cissus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. adenantha</span> <em>Fresen.</em> LODOREH—Bari.</p> + +<p class="p2">Green climber; leaves pedate, with 4-7 leaflets.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Mongalla Prov. +(Mongalla).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn375-15" title="Cissus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. adenocaulis</span> <em>Steud.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stem, woody, trailing; leaves compound, one terminal +leaflet and one pair on either side, or, sometimes, 7 leaflets.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur & +Niamniam-lands).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn375-16" title="Cissus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Pl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves trifoliolate, sessile; leaflets oblanceolate, +repand-dentate, about 4 in. long, 1¼ in. broad, shortly pubescent +below. Cymes tomentose. Tendrils much twisted.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Jur Ghattas & +Bongo-land: Addai).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn375-17" title="Cissus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. serpens</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stout herbaceous climber. Leaves digitately 5-7 fol.; +sessile<span class="pagenum" id="Page_226">[226]</span> or +short-stalked. Leaflets obovate-lanceolate, irregularly +inciso-dentate, the veins beneath grey-downy.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Kordofan Prov. +(Umlabia).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn375-18" title="Cissus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. pallida</span> <em>Wight.</em> & <em>Arn.</em> +ABANGIUR—Dinka; DELE—Golo.</p> + +<p class="p2">Trailing or slightly climbing, semi-woody shrub. +Leaves cordate, not lobed, faintly denticulate, glabrous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn375-19" title="Cissus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. mossambicensis</span> <em>Klotzsch.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Woody climber. Leaves orbicular or reniform, more or +less entire to deeply 5-lobed, with irregular, mucronate teeth. +Flowers in densely compound lateral cymes.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn375-20" title="Cissus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. gracilis</span> <em>Guill.</em> & +<em>Perr.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Slender climber. Leaves pedate; leaflets 5, the +shorter forked, all thin of texture.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn375-21" title="Cissus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. intricata</span> <em>Baker.</em> LIF or +LUFA—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Slender woody climber; leaflets 3-5, pedate, firmly +membranous. Flowers in 4-6 in. broad cymes.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn375-22" title="Cissus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. Thonningii</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves 3-5 fol., serrate; leaflets distinctly +stalked, edges loosely crenate. Flowers in lax, branched cymes. 4-6 +in. broad.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nuba Mts. Prov. (Dilling).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn375-23" title="Cissus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. Figariana</span> <em>Webb.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect, hairy undershrub. Leaves 5-7 fol.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn375-24" title="Cissus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. cyphopetala</span> <em>Pres.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Climber with puberulous stems and softly tomentose +serrate leaflets and broad open cymes of small flowers.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Has Has).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="rutace">RUTACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn376"><span class= +"sn">376</span><span class="taxon bold">Ruta tuberculata</span> +<em>Forsk.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb with tubercled glands; leaves linear, with +pellucid glands. Flowers usually 5-merous; petals entire.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Berber Prov. (Berber Desert); Khartoum Prov. +(Halfaya); White Nile Prov.; Red Sea Prov. (Khors, +Karora-hills).</p> + +<p class="p3">Yields a volatile oil, which may act as an irritant +when the plant is handled.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn377"><span class= +"sn">377</span><span class="taxon bold">Teclea nobilis</span> +<em>Hook. f.</em> FURFURRUK (J. Daier)—Nuba; FIK—Bari; +SEKIA—Golo.</p> + +<p class="p2">Unarmed large shrub or small tree; leaves 3-fol., +large. Flowers unisexual. Male flowers 4-merous, sessile in +branching panicles shorter than leaves. Female flowers in short +axillary spikes.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_227">[227]</span>Nuba +Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Wau, Bongo-land: +Dukuttu & Mittu-land: by the Rohl River); Mongalla Prov. (Sh. +Tombé).</p> + +<p class="p3">The wood is used for spear shafts in Bahr El Ghazal +and for bark mallets in Uganda.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn377a"><span class= +"sn">377a</span><span class="taxon bold">Toddalia aculeata</span> +<em>Pers.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect or scrambling shrub, armed with recurved +prickles. Leaves 3-fol., alternate, with pellucid glands; petioles +often with prickles beneath. Flowers unisexual, cream coloured, +panicled.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn378"><span class= +"sn">378</span><span class="taxon bold">Clausena anisata</span> +<em>Oliv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub with pinnate leaves, which are 6-12 in. long; +leaflets 10-20, ovate or ovate-oblong. Flowers white, numerous on +axillary, paniculate cymes; stamens 8-10. Berry 1-seeded.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (between Wau & Deim Zubeir).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn379"><span class= +"sn">379</span><span class="taxon bold">Citrus Aurantium</span> +<em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">var. amara</span> L. +NARING—Arab. The Bitter Orange.</p> + +<p class="p4">Grown throughout the country in gardens; frequently +used as a stock for the sweet orange, mandarin and sweet lemon.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">var. sinensis</span> +<em>Gall. Citr.</em> BORTUGAN—Arab. The Sweet Orange.</p> + +<p class="p4">Grown throughout the country in gardens.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn379-2" title="Citrus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. decumana</span> <em>Linn.</em> LIMUN HINDI—Arab. +The Grape Fruit or Shaddock.</p> + +<p class="p2">Occasionally found in gardens.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn379-3" title="Citrus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. medica</span> <em>Linn.</em> <span class= +"taxon bold">var. Limon</span> <em>Gall. Citr.</em></p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">subvar. acris.</span> LIMUN +BALADI—Arab. The Lime.</p> + +<p class="p4">Grown everywhere in gardens and frequently on +Sagias.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">subvar. Limetta</span> +<em>Risso.</em> LIMUN HELLU—Arab. The Lemon.</p> + +<p class="p4">Cultivated in gardens.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn379-4" title="Citrus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. nobilis</span> <em>Lour.</em> YUSEF EFFENDI—Arab. +The Mandarin.</p> + +<p class="p2">Cultivated in gardens.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="simarubace">SIMARUBACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn380"><span class= +"sn">380</span><span class="taxon bold">Hannoa +Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Oliv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shoots clustered from the old wood. Leaves pinnate; +leaflets linear-oblanceolate, leathery, up to 6 in. long, glabrous, +with sunken nerves. Flowers racemose few. Fruits oblong-ovoid, ¾ +in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Mts. Nga, near +Maalah).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn381"><span class= +"sn">381</span><span class="taxon bold">Irvingia Smithii</span> +<em>Hook. f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tree, 40 ft. high. Leaves coriaceous, +ovate-elliptical, rounded at base and more or less cordate, 2-4 in. +long. Flowers pale yellow in narrow, subpaniculate racemes. Fruit +oblong, 1½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_228">[228]</span>Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung. Prov.; Bahr +El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Hu River).</p> + +<p class="p3">The fruit is of no value. The wood is white and very +hard.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn381-2" title="Irvingia"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. sp.</span> DARITAR—Dinka; AKOS—Jur; BILI & M’BILI +or TIRI—Golo.</p> + +<p class="p2">Large, smooth stemmed, riverside tree. Flowers white, +fruit blue drupaceous. Very like the foregoing species.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau).</p> + +<p class="p3">The timber is white, hard, and takes a good polish. +It is used for boat-building.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn382"><span class= +"sn">382</span><span class="taxon bold">Balanites ægyptiaca</span> +<em>Del.</em> HEGLIG—Arab; ’SASSUD & SHASHOT—Hadendowa; KORAK (J. +Daier), TIRA (Dilling & J. Ghulfan), KURI (J. Eliri) & N’DMUSSO +(Kadugli)—Nuba; KHA—Hameg; SORONGO—Golo; LALLOK & LUMILI—Bari; TAU +(usual) & TU (Kaka)—Dinka; TAU—Jur & Nuer; TU—Shilluk; TOAN—Burun; +Fruit LALOB—Arab; FIATH—Nuer (young tree).</p> + +<p class="p2">Large tree armed with straight green spines, which +are supra-axillary or axillary. Leaves 2-fol., entire. Flowers +axillary, solitary or in pairs, greenish-white. Disk fleshy, +covered with white hairs. Drupe up to 2 in. long, with a bony +endocarp.</p> + +<p class="p2">Found throughout the greater part of the Sudan +especially in the Fung and Upper White Nile Provinces.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">var. membranacea</span> +<em>Van Tiegh.</em></p> + +<p class="p4">Dongola Prov. (Debba).</p> + +<p class="p5">The fruit, called LALOB, is edible; it has a bitter +sweet flavour and aperient qualities. The root, bark and leaves are +purgative, and act as a vermifuge. The kernel yields an oil which +is used as an unguent. The wood is hard, compact and fine grained, +it is durable and resists the attacks of insects. The bark yields a +strong fibre, and is also used as a soap for washing clothes.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn383"><span class= +"sn">383</span><span class="taxon bold">Harrisonia +abyssinica</span> <em>Oliv.</em> KARB EL WADI—Arab; +KIREILLI—Bari.</p> + +<p class="p2">Large shrub; leaves imparipinnate, with winged +petiole; leaflets 3 pairs and an odd one. Flowers small in axillary +or subterminal cymes.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Jebel; Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir & Addai, Niamniam-land: Nabambisso +River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn384"><span class= +"sn">384</span><span class="taxon bold">Klainedoxa +oblongifolia</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub 15 ft. high. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, about 12 +in. long and 4 in. broad on the young shoots, the older shoots with +much smaller leaves; stipules very long (about 6 in.) acuminate. +Fruits very hard, 4-6-angled, 1½ in. in diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="burserace"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_229">[229]</span>BURSERACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn385"><span class= +"sn">385</span><span class="taxon bold">Boswellia papyrifera</span> +<em>A. Rich.</em> ROTARO, or RUTRUT, TAKTAK (Abu Gibeiha) or +TARAKTARAK (Talodi) (Baggara), GAFĀL—Arab; HĀDA (Dilling) & LAGI +(J. Eliri)—Nuba; GULGULA—Hameg. Called “Elephant tree” by Europeans +because elephants feed on it.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tree with imparipinnate leaves and papery bark, often +found on quartzitic soils. Flowers pink, in umbellate racemes, +appearing before the leaves, hermaphrodite; stamens 10. Capsule +trigonous, 1 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov., Darfur Province.</p> + +<p class="p3">Yields a fragrant resin.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn386"><span class= +"sn">386</span><span class="taxon bold">Commiphora +Opobalsamum</span> <em>Engl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Spineless shrub or small tree. Leaflets 3-5, entire +or slightly undulate; leaves scattered or in fascicles. Flowers +small, fascicled.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Suakin).</p> + +<p class="p3">Yields the “Mecca Balsam” or “Balm of Gilead.” It is +much used in Cairo as medicine. The fruit is considered a powerful +carminative and digestive.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn386-2" title="Commiphora"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. erythræa</span> <em>Engl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small tree. Leaflets 3, obovate, pubescent, the +terminal one about 1½ in. long, crenulate. Fruits subglobose, +pubescent, about ⅓ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (coast).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn386-3" title="Commiphora"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. quadricincta</span> <em>Schweinfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small bushy tree, growing on rocky hills; branches +spiny. Leaves simple, ovate-elliptic, rounded at the apex, 1¼ in. +long, ½-¾ in. broad, glabrous, long-stalked. Fruits 4-winged.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (J. Erimbat at Goz Regeb).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn386-4" title="Commiphora"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. abyssinica</span> <em>Engl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small tree with spiny branches. Leaves trifoliolate +but sessile or subsessile and thus appearing simple; leaflets +obovate, crenate, glabrous, about 1¼ in. long. Fruit ovoid, acute, +⅓ in. long, glabrous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (near J. Langeb); Red Sea Prov. (J. +Shabba, south of Suakin).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn386-5" title="Commiphora"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. africana</span> <em>Engl.</em> GAFĀL—Arab; KIRBI +(Dilling)—Nuba; TOWOLLO—Burun.</p> + +<p class="p2">Small spiny tree. Leaves usually 3-fol.; leaflets +cuneate, broadly crenate-serrate. Flowers fasciculate. Drupe +subglobose, slightly oblique.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan & Nuba Mts. Provinces.</p> + +<p class="p3">The resin is a form of Bdellium, a drug resembling +Myrrh.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn386-6" title="Commiphora"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. pedunculata</span> <em>Engl.</em> LUBAN—Arab; HĀDA +(Dilling)—Nuba; DAMFULAN—Hameg.</p> + +<p class="p2">Small tree. Leaves more or less fascicled at +extremities;<span class="pagenum" id="Page_230">[230]</span> +leaflets 5-11, serrate-dentate, pubescent. Flowers in pedunculate, +axillary, few-flowered cymes.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung, Kordofan, Nuba Mts. & Bahr El Ghazal +Provinces.</p> + +<p class="p3">Yields a resin similar to Olibanum.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn387"><span class= +"sn">387</span><span class="taxon bold">Canarium +Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Engl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Large tree with imparipinnate leaves; leaflets +oblong, acuminate, subcordate at the base, about 6 in. long and 1½ +in. broad, softly pubescent on the nerves below. Flowers in +panicles with large bracts.</p> + +<p class="p2">Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Yuru River); +Lado District.</p> + +<p class="p3">The sap-wood is whitish, the heart-wood rose-colour, +similar to a Khaya; useful for carpentry. The resin is used by the +Niamniam for torches, and when ground down with oil for anointing +the body. Fruit eaten.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="meliace">MELIACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn388"><span class= +"sn">388</span><span class="taxon bold">Turræa Vogelii</span> +<em>Hook. f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub or small tree. Leaves simple, alternate, +elliptical, entire. Flowers white, on axillary peduncles bearing +2-10 umbellate pedicels; stamens 10, monadelphous; staminal tube +with subulate teeth; anthers apiculate. Ovary 9-12 celled.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn388-2" title="Turraea"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. nilotica</span> <em>Kotschy</em> & <em>Peyr.</em> +KHARIF (J. El Amira)—Nuba.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub or small tree. Leaves obovate obtuse, tomentose +beneath. Flowers in many-flowered umbellate, sessile fascicles. +Teeth of staminal tube triangular or oblong. Ovary 10-celled.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nuba Mts. Prov. (Dar Nuba on rocky hills); Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: by the Pwah); Bahr El Jebel.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn389"><span class= +"sn">389</span><span class="taxon bold">Azadirachta indica</span> +<em>A. Juss.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Large tree; leaves imparipinnate. Leaflets 2-9 pairs +with a terminal one, which is sometimes wanting. Flowers white, +honey-scented. Drupe size of an olive, purple when ripe, +1-celled.</p> + +<p class="p2">Introduced. The Neem Tree of India.</p> + +<p class="p3">A handsome quick-growing shade tree, suitable to dry +localities, and a great improvement on the “Persian Lilac.” The +timber is valuable, and grows to a useful size.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn390"><span class= +"sn">390</span><span class="taxon bold">Melia Azedarach</span> +<em>Linn.</em> ZINZILAKH (Egypt)—Arab. Persian lilac.</p> + +<p class="p2">Moderate-sized tree with bipinnate leaves. Drupe +ovoid, yellow when ripe; flowers white and purple, scented. Fruit +5-celled; endocarp bony.</p> + +<p class="p2">Introduced. Khartoum Prov., etc.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn391"><span class= +"sn">391</span><span class="taxon bold">Ekebergia Rüppeliana</span> +<em>A. Rich.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tree; fruit fleshy, globose, 2-celled. Leaves 6-12 +in. long, imparipinnate, collected at the extremities; leaflets +5-9, coriaceous.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_231">[231]</span> +Flowers in axillary, pedunculate racemes. Stamens 10 monadelphous, +margin of tube dentate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn392"><span class= +"sn">392</span><span class="taxon bold">Trichilia emetica</span> +<em>Vahl.</em> UM-SHARA, UMHAGRI & occasionally DABKAR +(Baggara)—Arab; TISHU—Hameg; HORURI (Dilling)—Nuba.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tree with pinnate leaves and pubescent young parts; +leaflets 7-10, obtuse, pubescent beneath. Flowers ¾ in. diam., in +short axillary panicles; stamens 8-10 monadelphous. Capsule +3-valved; seeds with a scarlet arillus.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile Prov. (Medani & Khor Dahab); Fung, White +Nile, Nuba Mts. & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces; Mongalla Prov. (Hillet +El Nuer & Gondokoro).</p> + +<p class="p3">The seeds yield an oil which is used in cookery and +in soap-making. The wood polishes well and makes pretty furniture. +The bark is said to act as an emetic when given in small doses.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn392-2" title="Trichilia"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. retusa</span> <em>Oliv.</em> SABRONGO—Golo.</p> + +<p class="p2">Small tree with white flowers in axillary panicles; +fruit a flat capsule. Leaves 3-5 fol., leaflets +retuse-truncate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Khors).</p> + +<p class="p3">The ashes of the leaves are used as a substitute for +salt.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn393"><span class= +"sn">393</span><span class="taxon bold">Khaya senegalensis</span> +<em>A. Juss.</em> HOMRA, HOMRAYA or MURRAYA—Arab; TIT—Dinka; +BELE—Golo; TIDO or TIRO—Jur; KIR—Bari; BOGU—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Large tree with abruptly pinnate leaves. Flowers +white, in large panicles, unisexual; fruit a globose capsule, 2½ +in. diam., dehiscing into 4 valves. Seeds flat, disk-like with a +winged membranous edge.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur, Bahr El Ghazal & Mongalla Provinces.</p> + +<p class="p3">African Mahogany. The wood cuts into very fine +planks, and is suitable for cabinet work and joinery. Oil from the +seeds is said to be used to keep flies from cattle.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn393-2" title="Khaya"><span class= +"taxon bold">K. Dawei</span> <em>Stapf.</em> BOGU—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">A very large tree. Leaves pinnate; leaflets obliquely +elliptic, shortly acuminate, about 6 in. long and 2 in. broad, +glabrous. Flowers small, paniculate. Sepals and petals rounded. +Stamens in a tube. Fruits subglobose. Seeds winged.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Linduku +stream). Mongalla Prov.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn394"><span class= +"sn">394</span><span class="taxon bold">Pseudocedrela +Kotschyi</span> <em>Harms.</em> DURUBA—Arab; POIK (Goz El Siada) & +PHUT (Bahr El Ghazal)—Dinka; GUMBERTI and ZILI—Golo; PHUT—Jur; +KOLKO—Burun; RIR—Nuer; N’ZUMMUNIA—Zande; KAHILI—Bongo.</p> + +<p class="p2">Small to moderate sized tree, with rough bark. Leaves +pinnate; leaflets alternate, 4-7 pairs, up to 2 in. long, loosely +dentate, pubescent. Flowers in axillary panicles, unisexual, white, +crowded towards ends of branches. Fruit a 4-5 in. long, somewhat +pyriform capsule, splitting into 4-5 valves; seed with a long wing +on one side.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_232">[232]</span>Nuba +Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat +River); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<p class="p3">The wood is handsome and fragrant and is suited to +the manufacture of gun stocks and for joinery.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn394-2" title="Pseudocedrela"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. sp.</span> +</p> + +<p class="p2">Leaflets sub-opposite, about 3 pairs, the terminal +leaflet largest, all oblong-lanceolate, subacute, 3½-5 in. long, +1-1½ in. broad, closely reticulate, glabrous. Flowers in lax, +slender panicles. Buds subglobose, glabrous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit: Deim Guju).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="sapindace">SAPINDACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn395"><span class= +"sn">395</span><span class="taxon bold">Paullinia pinnata</span> +<em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Semi-herbaceous climber. Leaves imparipinnate, +5-fol.; stalk winged. Flowers small, white, numerous, clustered on +racemes 3-4 in. long, with a woody spiral tendril at the base. +Capsule woody 3-angled.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. to Belgian Congo Border.</p> + +<p class="p3">The leaves and roots are used on the Gold Coast for +dysentery. The bark of the root contains a narcotic poison; both it +and the seeds are used for stupefying fish.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn396"><span class= +"sn">396</span><span class="taxon bold">Cardiospermum +Corindum</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Slender climber with watch-spring-like tendrils. +Leaves imparipinnate, leaflets toothed, pubescent below; stalk not +winged. Flowers pale yellow. Fruits bladdery.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (near Erkowit & 21° N.L.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn396-2" title="Cardiospermum"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. Halicacabum</span> <em>Linn.</em> GODOBO (Meshra El +Zeraf)—Dinka.</p> + +<p class="p2">Slender herbaceous climber with bi-ternate leaves and +inflated, 3-valved roundish membranous capsule. Flowers white; +tendrils opposite, circinate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov.; Upper White +Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land, +Gumango Hill).</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">var. microcarpum</span> +<em>H.B.</em> & <em>K.</em></p> + +<p class="p4">Similar to above but capsule smaller and obversely +deltoid.</p> + +<p class="p4">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov.; Nuba Mts. +Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); Mongalla Prov.</p> + +<p class="p5">The root is described as possessing emetic, laxative, +stomachic and rubefacient properties. The leaves and young stems +are sometimes cooked as a vegetable, the seeds are used as a +tonic.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn397"><span class= +"sn">397</span><span class="taxon bold">Schmidelia rubifolia</span> +<em>Hochst.</em> SUMEIMA (Fung)—Arab; MEREMERET (J. +Daier)—Nuba.</p> + +<p class="p2">Low tree with 3-fol. leaves, without stipules. +Leaflets obovate-cuneate, more or less crenate, the lower surface +grey-downy. Flowers on axillary racemes 2-3 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. (Kadugli & J. +Daier);<span class="pagenum" id="Page_233">[233]</span> Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit & Jur-land); Mongalla Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn397-2" title="Schmidelia"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. africana</span> <em>DC.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tree, 30-40 ft. high. Leaflets 3, nearly sessile, the +central one 4-6 in. long, oblong-cuneate, with the cuneate base +entire and upper edges distantly and bluntly toothed. Flowers in +axillary and terminal panicles.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land & Niamniam-land: at +Tuhami’s Zariba).</p> + +<p class="p3">The fruits are used in Abyssinia as a remedy for +tapeworm; the wood is described as very strong and close +grained.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn397-3" title="Schmidelia"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Gilg.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub; leaves 3-fol.; leaflets obovate-oblanceolate, +acute, denticulate in the upper part, 3½-5 in. long, 1½-2 in. +broad, glabrous. Panicles lax, long and slender, puberulous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the +Nabambisso River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn397-4" title="Schmidelia"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. cf. S. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Gilg.</em> TULŪNG +(J. Eliri)—Nuba.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub; leaves 3-fol.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Eliri).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn397-5" title="Schmidelia"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. sp. (or Rhus sp.).</span> KURINYIL (J. +Eliri)—Nuba.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub; leaves 3-fol.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Eliri).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn398"><span class= +"sn">398</span><span class="taxon bold">Aporrhiza paniculata</span> +<em>Radlk.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tree. Leaves pinnate; leaflets oblong-elliptic, +emarginate, about 6 in. long and 2½ in. broad, reticulate, +glabrous. Flowers small, widely paniculate. Fruits 2-lobed, flat, 1 +in. broad, tomentose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the +Nabambisso River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn399"><span class= +"sn">399</span><span class="taxon bold">Dodonæa viscosa</span> +<em>Linn.</em> TATTAS—Hadendowa; TASHAS—Rashida.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub or small tree with glossy, linear-lanceolate +leaves. Flowers polygamous, in short terminal panicles, yellowish; +sepals 5; petals none. Capsule with 2-4 membranous wings.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & Has Has to 22° N.L.).</p> + +<p class="p3">A useful and attractive hedge plant. The wood is +close-grained, hard and durable, pores moderately fine, irregularly +distributed, medullary rays very numerous, indistinct. The plant is +reputed to possess some medicinal properties, both as a febrifuge, +and when boiled with water as an embrocation for sprains, bruises, +etc.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="anacardiace">ANACARDIACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn400"><span class= +"sn">400</span><span class="taxon bold">Mangifera indica</span> +<em>Linn.</em> Mango.</p> + +<p class="p2">Evergreen tree. Leaves coriaceous, entire, +oblong-lanceolate, up to 12 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Introduced.</p> + +<p class="p3"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_234">[234]</span>Grown +in gardens throughout the country. Some varieties form handsome +trees bearing excellent fruit.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn401"><span class= +"sn">401</span><span class="taxon bold">Rhus villosa</span> +<em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub, sometimes thorny; leaves 3-fol. Leaflets +obovate to oblanceolate, obtuse, often apiculate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (J. Marra); Bahr El Jebel.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn401-2" title="Rhus"><span class= +"taxon bold">R. near R. villosa</span> <em>Linn.</em> +SAMŌT—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub; leaves trifol.; leaflets obovate, crenate, +about 1 in. long, pubescent below. Flowers and fruit not seen.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, +6,000-7,500 ft.).</p> + +<p class="p3">Fruit said to be eaten.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn401-3" title="Rhus"><span class= +"taxon bold">R. abyssinica</span> <em>Hochst.</em> ALONGKOY—Dinka; +VULASIM—Golo; AKNALKUALA—Jur; SAMŌT or SAMOP—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub; leaves 3-fol.; leaflets oval or oblanceolate, +obtuse or acute, pubescent, not reticulate above. Flowering +panicles hairy, axillary, shorter than the leaves.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & Has +Has).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn401-4" title="Rhus"><span class= +"taxon bold">R. oxyacantha</span> <em>Schousb.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Branches spiny. Leaves trifoliolate; leaflets +obovate-cuneate, coarsely crenate, ½-¾ in. long, ciliate. Flowers +very small, in short panicles. Fruit shining, ⅓ in. in diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn401-5" title="Rhus"><span class= +"taxon bold">R. glaucescens</span> <em>A. Rich.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub; leaves 3-fol., coriaceous. Leaflets glabrous +or puberulous along the midrib, oval to lanceolate, obtuse, entire +to crenulate-dentate. Panicles shorter than the leaves, +axillary.</p> + +<p class="p2">Upper Blue Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Bahr El +Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn401-6" title="Rhus"><span class= +"taxon bold">R. pulcherrima</span> <em>Oliv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub; leaves simple, alternate, 4-10 in. long, +oblong or oblong elliptical, with minute silvery tomentum +beneath.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; +Upper White Nile Prov. (Bahr El Jebel).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn401-7" title="Rhus"><span class= +"taxon bold">R. insignis</span> <em>Del.</em> LAHLA or +LALAI—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tree or shrub; leaves simple, approximate, in threes; +fruit black resinous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. +(Kadugli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn401-8" title="Rhus"><span class= +"taxon bold">R. dioica</span> <em>Willd.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Armed shrub; leaflets 3, broad crenate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (22° N.L.)</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn402"><span class= +"sn">402</span><span class="taxon bold">Odina fruticosa</span> +<em>Hochst.</em> LEYUN—Arab; KOWA—Hameg; TILLA—Burun.</p> + +<p class="p2">Moderate-sized tree; leaves pinnate, 9-15 fol., at +length glabrous, present when flowers appear; leaflets obliquely +lanceolate, subsessile. Flowers 4-merous in stout, fulvous, +axillary spikes.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_235">[235]</span>Red +Sea Prov.; Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Jebelein); Nuba Mts. +Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Goz El Siada); Bahr El Jebel +(Madi).</p> + +<p class="p3">This tree and other species of Odina yield a gum.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn402-2" title="Odina"><span class= +"taxon bold">O. Schimperi</span> <em>Hochst.</em> AMZAQ +(Baggara)—Arab; HAMMADAI—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tree; leafless at time of flowering. Leaves +imparipinnate, 9-11 fol., at length glabrous. Leaflets subsessile, +oblique at base, narrowly acuminate. Racemes simple, while in +flower terminal on branches.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); +Fung Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn402-3" title="Odina"><span class= +"taxon bold">O. Barteri</span> <em>Oliv.</em> HAMADAB—Hadendowa; +KLANDA—Golo; WEEDA—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Middle-sized to large tree, leafless during the dry +months. Leaves pinnate, 7-11 fol., softly hispid pubescent, at +length scabrid. Spikes fascicled on old wood.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Nuba Mts. Prov. (near +Talodi); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir, Niamniam-land, +etc.)</p> + +<p class="p3">The bast of the bark is made into a rope.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn402-4" title="Odina"><span class= +"taxon bold">O. cf. O. Barteri</span> <em>Oliv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves pinnate; leaflets ovate-elliptic, rounded at +the base, about 3 in. long and 2 in. broad, softly tomentose below. +Fruits oblong, with 3 humps, glabrous, ½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur & Bongo lands).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn402-5" title="Odina"><span class= +"taxon bold">O. humilis</span> <em>Oliv.</em> ARISH (Fung), LEYUN +(Baggara) & HOMEID (Kordn.)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub or small tree, sometimes gregarious. Leaves +pinnate, densely hairy beneath, 9-11 fol., short; leaflets +elliptical to ovate. Flower spikes up to 1½ in. long, densely +tomentose; ovary hairy.</p> + +<p class="p2">Upper Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov.; Upper White Nile +Prov. (Khor Attar); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Darfur +Prov.; Mongalla Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn402-6" title="Odina"><span class= +"taxon bold">O. sp.</span> N’DU-N’DU—Golo.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tree. Leaves pinnate; leaflets ovate or elliptic, +about 2½ in. long and 1½ in. broad, glabrous. Flowers and fruit not +seen.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land).</p> + +<p class="p3">Bark used for ropes.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn402-7" title="Odina"><span class= +"taxon bold">O. near microcarpa</span> <em>A. Rich.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small tree.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Sh. Tombé).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn402-8" title="Odina"><span class= +"taxon bold">O. sp.</span> UMSURUJ (Baggara)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Moderate-sized tree.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nuba Mts. Prov. (Homra near Kadugli).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn402-9" title="Odina"><span class= +"taxon bold">O. sp.</span> KULUWEI (J. Eliri)—Nuba.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tree.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Eliri).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn403"><span class= +"sn">403</span><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_236">[236]</span><span class="taxon bold">Pseudospondias +microcarpa</span> <em>Engl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tree, 80 ft. high. Leaves pinnate; leaflets obliquely +ovate-elliptic, obtusely acuminate, about 6 in. long and 2½ in. +broad. Flowers very small in large panicles. Fruits oblong, ¾ in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Assika).</p> + +<p class="p3">The fruit is edible.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn404"><span class= +"sn">404</span><span class="taxon bold">Sclerocarya near S. +Caffra</span> <em>Sond.</em> RUFI—Bari.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tree with pinnate leaves; leaflets 7-11.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Sh. Tombé).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn404-2" title="Sclerocarya"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. Birrea</span> <em>Hochst.</em> HOMEID—Arab; KŌI (J. +Eliri), & INDENU (Kadugli)—Nuba; MAT—Bari; DUNGDUNG—Golo; AKAMIL +(Goz El Siada)—Dinka; KABTI—Burun; ALLANFA—Hameg.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tree with pinnate leaves. Leaflets 9-23, oblong-, +ovate-, or obovate-elliptical, usually mucronate, entire or +toothed, up to 2 in. long. Male flowers in short spikes or racemes; +drupes solitary, size of a walnut.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung, Nuba Mts. & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces; Upper +White Nile Prov. (Goz El Siada); Mongalla Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">The wood is used for making vessels for holding +food.</p> + +<p class="p3">Fruit eaten.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="connarace">CONNARACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn405"><span class= +"sn">405</span><span class="taxon bold">Byrsocarpus +pseudobaccatus</span> <em>Schellenb.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tree 20 ft. high. Leaves pinnate; leaflets elliptic +to obovate, obtuse, 3-4 in. long, 1½-2 in. broad, glabrous. Racemes +in dense fascicles. Fruit curved, ¾ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn405a"><span class= +"sn">405a</span><span class="taxon bold">Rourea gudjuana</span> +<em>Gilg.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub. Leaves pinnate; leaflets ovate or +ovate-lanceolate, obtusely acuminate, 2½-4 in. long, ¾-1½ in. +broad, reticulate. Racemes densely fasciculate, axillary. Fruits +ovoid-lanceolate, acute, ½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit: Deim Gudju).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn406"><span class= +"sn">406</span><span class="taxon bold">Agelæa +Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Gilg.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub, 8 ft. high. Leaves pinnate; leaflets +ovate-elliptic, shortly acuminate, about 3½ in. long and 2 in. +broad, glabrous. Flowers in terminal panicles. Fruit obliquely +obovoid, tomentellous, ½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Diagbe +River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn407"><span class= +"sn">407</span><span class="taxon bold">Cnestis cf. C. +oblongifolia</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Woody climber. Flowers white, without smell; fruit +orange, acid. Leaves imparipinnate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso +River). Fruit orange-acid.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="umbellifer"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_237">[237]</span>UMBELLIFERÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn408"><span class= +"sn">408</span><span class="taxon bold">Hydrocotyle asiatica</span> +<em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial herb giving out long runners from axils of +leaves on root-stock. Leaves from root-stock or 1 or 2 together +from nodes of runners, reniform, shallowly crenate. Flowers +subsessile, usually 3 together at end of short erect peduncles, +pink. Peduncles 1-3 from nodes opposite the leaves. Fruit ovoid, +hard with primary and secondary ribs obscure.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Tuhami’s +Zeriba).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn408-2" title="Hydrocotyle"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. natans</span> <em>Cyr.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Creeping perennial, rooting at nodes. Leaves +long-petioled, suborbicular, shallow-crenate, subpeltate. Umbels +ab. 7 flowered. Fruit minute, longitudinally ridged.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Zeraf; Bahr El Jebel (Sudd to Bor).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn409"><span class= +"sn">409</span><span class="taxon bold">Pimpinella etbaica</span> +<em>Schwfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual up to 1 ft. high. Leaves, the lower long +petioled, pinnately tripartite, the upper variously trifid. Umbels +compound, primary rays 3-7, secondary 7-12, involucres absent. +Flowers white or violet; fruit covered with hooked hairs.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (above 2,000 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn410"><span class= +"sn">410</span><span class="taxon bold">Diplolophium +abyssinicum</span> <em>Benth.</em> & <em>Hook. f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial 2-5 ft. high, sometimes perfumed like +peppermint. Leaves up to 1 ft. and more long, many times divided, +segments filiform; petioles up to 5 in. long, sheathing. Umbels +compound, primary rays numerous from an involucre of stout 1 in. +long, pubescent bracts; secondary rays numerous, from involucels of +ab. ½ in. long bracteoles. Flowers comparatively large, +hermaphrodite. Petals emarginate. Fruit cylindrical with 2 long +styles.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Upper White Nile Prov.; Bahr +El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: steppes near the Kishi River); +Darfur Prov. (Jebel Marra, 8,000 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn411"><span class= +"sn">411</span><span class="taxon bold">Fœniculum vulgare</span> +<em>Gærth.</em> Common Fennel.</p> + +<p class="p2">Herb 2-3 ft. high. Leaves 3-4 times pinnate; segments +narrow, linear. Umbels compound, without involucres, 15-20 rays in +umbel. Fruit ¼ in. long, oval, slightly compressed laterally; vittæ +conspicuous under the furrows.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 5-9,000 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn412"><span class= +"sn">412</span><span class="taxon bold">Sium Thunbergii</span> +<em>DC.</em> Prod.</p> + +<p class="p2">Marsh herb, with runners. Leaves pinnate, dentate, 1 +ft. long, with sheathing, auricled petiole 5 in. long. Umbels +compound; rays numerous with many-leaved involucres and involucels. +Fruit shortly ovoid, compressed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Niurnya 6,500 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn412-2" title="Sium"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. angustifolium</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial up to 2 ft. high. Leaves pinnate; segments +of lower leaves 8-10 pairs and an odd one, ovate-lanceolate, +serrate; upper leaves, segments less numerous, but +larger<span class="pagenum" id="Page_238">[238]</span> and more +deeply toothed or lobed. Umbels compound with primary and secondary +involucres, lateral; carpels with 5 slender ribs and several +vittæ.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Niurnya 6,500 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn413"><span class= +"sn">413</span><span class="taxon bold">Peucedanum Grantii</span> +<em>Kingston.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stout glabrous herb up to 7 ft. high. Lower leaves +bipinnate, upper ternate, on dilated petioles. Umbels compound, +paniculate on a distinct peduncle; primary rays numerous with no +involucre or only 1 small bract; secondary numerous; involucel of +several bracteoles. Fruit ⅓ in. long, with 3 longitudinal +ridges.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn413-2" title="Peucedanum"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. graveolens</span> <em>Benth.</em> & <em>Hook. +f.</em> The Dill Plant.</p> + +<p class="p2">Erect, glabrous annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves much +divided; segments linear-bristly. Umbels compound, many-rayed. +Involucre and involucels none. Flowers yellow. Fruit 1/5 in. oval +oblong, compressed, ridged, with lateral wings.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">Cultivated.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn413-3" title="Peucedanum"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. fraxinifolium</span> <em>Hiern.</em> ASAD EL TUGULE +& ASAT EL GIRD (Baggara)—Arab; DAHKIKAK (J. Daier), KOTUNDURAK (J. +Eliri) & N’DARABWA (Kadugli)—Nuba.</p> + +<p class="p2">Small fleshy tree. Leaves pinnate; leaflets 9. Umbels +compound, arranged together, on about ½ a dozen 5 in. long +peduncles at end of branches. Fruit obovate, broadly winged.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nuba Mts. Prov. (on rocks); Bahr El Jebel (Madi); +Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Wando’s country).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn414"><span class= +"sn">414</span><span class="taxon bold">Coriandrum sativum</span> +<em>Linn.</em> Common Coriander.</p> + +<p class="p2">Erect branching annual up to 18 in. high. Lower +leaves pinnatifid or bipinnatifid; upper leaves much divided with +linear segments. Umbels terminal, of 5-8 rays. Involucre none, +involucels of few bracts. Fruit globose, ribs not very prominent, +vittæ none.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Niurnya 6,500 ft.).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="ericace">ERICACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn415"><span class= +"sn">415</span><span class="taxon bold">Blæria spicata</span> +<em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Heath-like low shrub. Leaves alt., or more commonly 3 +whorled, linear to lanceolate, revolute. Fl. up to ¼ in. long, +pink, in leafy racemes from upper axils, 4-merous; anthers 4, +2-lobed, opening by terminal pores and with 2 short basal bristles. +Capsule 4-valved.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 8,500-9,000 ft.).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="ebenace">EBENACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn416"><span class= +"sn">416</span><span class="taxon bold">Euclea Kellau</span> +<em>Hochst.</em> GUM or OGUM—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub with subopposite, bright green, coriaceous +leaves, obovate or lanceolate, 1-2 in. long. Fl. white, +heath-like,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_239">[239]</span> in 9-12 +flowered racemes, diœcious; male fl. with 12 stamens. Fruit +globose, ¼ in. diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & Has Has).</p> + +<p class="p3">Fruit eaten.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn417"><span class= +"sn">417</span><span class="taxon bold">Maba abyssinica</span> +<em>Hiern.</em> GUGHAN & JUKHAN—Arab; SHOM—Dinka; SHOMU—Golo; +MIENNA—Burun.</p> + +<p class="p2">Small tree. Leaves alt., lanceolate-oblong, 2-5 in. +long. Fl. axillary, subsessile, clustered, diœcious, mostly +trimerous; male fl. minute; stamens 14, mostly in pairs; fem. fl. +3-5 together; style 3-dentate; staminodes 3-4. Fruit subglobose, ½ +in. diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Upper White Nile Prov. (Goz El Siada); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (near Wau); Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">Wood dark, takes a fine polish, is used for gun +stocks.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn417-2" title="Maba"><span class= +"taxon bold">M. sp.</span> +</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub. Leaves alt., lanceolate, 2 in. long, ¾ in. +broad, glabrous. Fruits sessile, oblong-ellipsoid, ½ in. long, +glabrous, girt by the persistent cupular calyx.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: near the Teh).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn418"><span class= +"sn">418</span><span class="taxon bold">Diospyros +mespiliformis</span> <em>Hochst.</em> GUGHAN & JUKHAN—Arab; ARĪAP & +ARIAI—Hadendowa; SHŪM (Dilling) & KWAR (J. Eliri)—Nuba; KUMI—Bari; +SHOM—Dinka; CHUMU or SHOMU—Golo; KOLOME—Bongo or Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tree, sometimes large, with black bark. Leaves alt., +oblong to obovate 2-6 in. long. Fl. white diœcious; infl. axillary, +short. Male fl. ferruginous-tomentose, 5, occasionally 4-merous, +small; stamens 10-16, often in pairs; fem. fl. 1-3 together, +3-5-merous, staminodes 6-8, styles 2, bilobed. Fr. subglobose 1 in. +diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Kassala Prov. +(Gallabat); Fung Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. (Gughan); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Dinka-land, native ebony; & Bongo-land, a favourite fruit); +Mongalla Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">Wood dark, streaked with black near wounds, takes a +fine polish. It is used by natives for making clubs. The +heart-wood, which is black, furnishes one of the ebonies of +commerce. Fruit edible.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="sapotace">SAPOTACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn419"><span class= +"sn">419</span><span class="taxon bold">Butyrospermum Parkii</span> +<em>Kotschy.</em> <span class="taxon bold">var. niloticum</span> +<em>Kotschy.</em> LULU—Arab; KOR or KOAR or KORI—Bongo; RAK—Dinka; +RIVIA, BAA or BAK—Golo; RAK or YAU—Jur; RIEK—Nuer.</p> + +<p class="p2">Large tree with black rough bark, yielding a milky +juice producing an inferior gutta-percha. Leaves crowded at ends of +branches, oblong, sometimes emarginate, 6-9 in. long, coriaceous, +glabrous, lateral nerves prominent, arcuate; petiole 2-3 in. long. +Fl. in dense umbels in the axils of the<span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_240">[240]</span> leaves at the ends of the branchlets; calyx +lobes in 2 rows of 4; cor. segments 8; st. 8; petaloid cuspidate +staminodes 8; fruit subglobose, 1½ to 2 in. long, containing a +sweet edible pulp and a seed not unlike a horse-chestnut.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur. & Mittu +lands, Mosanga & Niamniam country); Mongalla Prov. (Gondokoro).</p> + +<p class="p3">The wood is very hard and heavy, it is reddish in +colour and takes a fine polish. It is used for mortars, bowls, and +for building. The fruit is edible, and the seed is known in +commerce as Shea Nut. The kernels of the nuts yield about 50 per +cent. of fat called Shea Butter, which has been found useful in the +manufacture of candles, soap, and butter substitutes. Locally it is +used by the natives for food, for anointing the body, and for +lighting purposes.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn420"><span class= +"sn">420</span><span class="taxon bold">Mimusops +Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Engl.</em> BĪ or BEI or IRDOKO—Golo; +NIANLALWEL—Dinka; NIANLALWEL & DENYA—Jur.</p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves crowded on stout shoots, obovate, emarginate, +4 in. long, 2 in. broad, silvery silky below. Flowers densely +clustered, axillary; pedicels ⅙ in. long. Sepals pubescent.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur & Bongo lands).</p> + +<p class="p3">Wood dark-red, very hard. Yields a kind of +Gutta-Percha.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn420-2" title="Mimusops"><span class= +"taxon bold">M. Kummel</span> <em>Bruce.</em> NIANLALWEL—Dinka & +Jur; PILI—Golo.</p> + +<p class="p2">Middle-sized tree with dark bark and milky juice. +Leaves alt., oblong, 2-3 in. long. Fl. in few-flowered axillary +clusters, coated with brown tomentum; calyx ½ in. long, lobes 8, in +2 rows, cor. white, 24 lobes, 16 in outer and 8 in inner; sta. 8, +staminodes 8, linear; fruit ellipsoid, glabrous, 1 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur. & Bongo-lands).</p> + +<p class="p3">Wood pale brown, fairly hard, used for spear shafts. +The fruit is the size of a cherry and is edible.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn420-3" title="Mimusops"><span class= +"taxon bold">M. djurensis</span> <em>Engl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves scattered on slender shoots, obovate, obtusely +acuminate, 4 in. long, 2 in. broad, glabrous. Fruit ovoid, slightly +pubescent, girt with the persistent lanceolate sepals.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau, Jur & Bongo lands).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="myrsinace">MYRSINACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn421"><span class= +"sn">421</span><span class="taxon bold">Mæsa lanceolata</span> +<em>Forsk.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tree, 30 ft. high. Leaves alt., oblong-lanceolate, +4-6 in. long, serrated. Fl. minute, white 5-merous, in axillary +panicles 2-4 in. long. Fruit globose, crowned with persistent style +and stigma.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (J. Marra).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn421-2" title="Maesa"><span class= +"taxon bold">M. sp.</span> +</p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves obovate, cuneate at the base, 5 in. long, 2½ +in. broad,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_241">[241]</span> +repand-dentate, pubescent on the nerves. Racemes axillary, slender. +Fl. white, very small.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Boddo River +7,690 Schwfth).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn422"><span class= +"sn">422</span><span class="taxon bold">Embelia nilotica</span> +<em>Oliv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Large tree; extremities rufous-hairy. Leaves alt., +obovate, 3-4 in. long, glabrous above, hairy beneath, especially on +the nerves. Racemes axillary, 1 in. long; fl. minute, whitish, +5-merous; fr. globose, small.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="loganiace">LOGANIACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn423"><span class= +"sn">423</span><span class="taxon bold">Mostuea +Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub. Leaves opp., oblong, subsessile, 1-2 in. long; +stip. interpetiolar oblong, brown, scarious. Cymes few-flowered, +terminal enclosed in a pair of orbicular bracts, ½ in. long; fl. +5-merous; cor. white, with 10 yellow streaks in the tube, ½ in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn424"><span class= +"sn">424</span><span class="taxon bold">Nuxia dentata</span> <em>R. +Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small tree. Leaves opp. or verticillate, lanceolate, +3-4 in. long, dentate, shining. Fl. small, greenish, 4-merous, in +corymbose cymes.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (below Erkowit, in rocky gully).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn425"><span class= +"sn">425</span><span class="taxon bold">Anthocleista nobilis</span> +<em>G. Don.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tree, 50-60 ft. Leaves opp., obovate, cuneate, 9-12 +in. or, in young plants, up to 4 or 5 ft. long, crowded at ends of +branches with pungent spines between them; petiole dilated at base. +Cymes terminal; cor. white or dull-yellow; lobes about 16, each ½ +in. long; st. as many. Fruit globose, 1 in. diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River +& Boddo River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn425-2" title="Anthocleista"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Gilg.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall tree. Leaves opp., oval, oblong to +obovate-lanceolate, 6-20 in. long, coriaceous; petioles 2-3 in. +long, auricled, connate. Cymes compound, 1 ft. long; cor. 1 in. +long, lobes and stamens 9-11. Fr. obovoid-oblong, 1½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Mbrwole River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn426"><span class= +"sn">426</span><span class="taxon bold">Strychnos +penduliflora</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small tree. Leaves opp., oblong-lanceolate, 2 in. +long, 3-nerved from base. Cymes many-flowered, pendulous; fl. +4-5-merous, minute, white. Fruit globose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau to Chak Chak).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn426-2" title="Strychnos"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. innocua</span> <em>Del.</em> UMBUKHEISA (Baggara) & +HOG EL FIL (Bahr El Ghazal)—Arab; TINTUKUKI (J. Eliri)—Nuba; BOLOGU +or PIGHADI—Golo.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tree. Leaves opp., oblong or obovate-oblong, 2-4 in. +long,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_242">[242]</span> nerved from +base and 2 others above. Cymes few-fl. lateral; cor. white ¼ in. +long, hairy at throat. Fruit size of an orange.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Nuba Mts. +Prov. (Dar Nuba on quartz); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land, Gir, +& Jur Ghattas, and near Pongo River).</p> + +<p class="p3">Fruit edible but very sour. Wood white, coarse.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn426-3" title="Strychnos"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. xerophila</span> <em>Baker.</em> ERG EL +SAGGAT—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Small tree. Leaves opp., ovate or oblong, 3-4 in. +long, 5-nerved from base, coriaceous. Cymes few-fl., lateral, +sessile; cor. white, ⅓ in. long. Fruit size of an orange, +edible.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land +and Kutshuk Ali).</p> + +<p class="p3">The burning bark is applied as a cautery to +snake-bites. The root is pounded in water for the bath in case of +fever.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn426-4" title="Strychnos"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. spinosa</span> <em>Lam.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub with hooked thorns from the nodes. Leaves opp., +obovate or suborbicular, 2-3 in. long, 5-nerved from near base. +Cymes short, dense, terminal; cor. greenish, small. Fruit size and +colour of an orange, edible.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, between Deims & Atem +River, & Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn426-5" title="Strychnos"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. gracillima</span> <em>Gilg.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub with hooked spines from the nodes. Leaves opp., +ovate or oblong, 1 in. long, 3-nerved from base. Cymes dense, +terminal; cor. white small. Fruit 2 in. diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Deim +Zubeir); Darfur Prov. (Kulme).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn426-6" title="Strychnos"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. emarginata</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Pubescent shrub with hooked thorns. Leaves opp., +obovate, 1-2 in. long, emarginate with small mucro, glossy, +5-nerved from base. Cymes dense, terminal; fl. small. Fr. 2 in. +diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn426-7" title="Strychnos"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. sp.</span> +</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub. Leaves ovate-elliptic, acuminate, 4 in. long, +1¾ in. broad, 3-nerved, glabrous. Tendrils hook-like.</p> + +<p class="p2">Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Assika +River).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="oleace">OLEACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn427"><span class= +"sn">427</span><span class="taxon bold">Jasminum +Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Gilg.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Scandent pubescent shrub. Leaves simple, opp., +oblong, 1½-2 in. long. Fl. 1-3 on axillary and terminal pedicels; +cor. white, lobes 6-7, lanceolate; tube 1 in. long; stamens 2 as in +all this natural order. Fr. a berry.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, Wau); Mongalla Prov. (Bor +& south).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn427-2" title="Jasminum"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_243">[243]</span><span class="taxon bold">J. +near J. pauciflorum</span> <em>Benth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub. Leaves opposite, simple, obovate, acuminate, +1½-2 in. long, pubescent. Flowers solitary, terminal, white, sweet +smelling. Corolla tube ⅔ in. long, lobes 6-7, about ⅓ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn427-3" title="Jasminum"><span class= +"taxon bold">J. ternifolium</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub. Leaves simple, in whorls of 3, oblong or +ovate, 1½-2 in. long. Fl. in dense panicled flat-topped cymes.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: near Sabbi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn427-4" title="Jasminum"><span class= +"taxon bold">J. Steudneri</span> <em>Schwfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Pubescent shrub. Leaves opp., lower simple, upper +3-fol., leaflets ovate. Cymes few-flowered, terminal and axillary; +cor. tube ¾ in. long; lobes 5; berry small subglobose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit Mts. near Suakin).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn427-5" title="Jasminum"><span class= +"taxon bold">J. mauritianum</span> <em>Bojer.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub. Leaves opp., 3-fol.; leaflets ovate, 2-3 in. +long. Cymes terminal and axillary, panicled at ends of branches; +cor. white; tube ¾-1 in. long; lobes 6-8. Berry small globose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn427-6" title="Jasminum"><span class= +"taxon bold">J. floribundum</span> <em>R. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Scandent shrub. Leaves opp. imparipinnate; leaflets +5, ovate. Cymes few-flowered, terminal and axillary; cor. white, +fragrant; tube ab. ¾ in. long; lobes 5.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Red Sea Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">Nearly allied to the common Jasmine.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn427-7" title="Jasminum"><span class= +"taxon bold">J. officinale</span> <em>Linn.</em> +HENDAMALAWE—Hadendowa; MILMILO—Rashida.</p> + +<p class="p2">Scandent shrub. Leaves opp., trifoliolate; leaflets +lanceolate, acute, 1-1½ in. long, glabrous; corolla tube ½ in. +long; lobes ovate, acute. Berry 2-lobed, shining.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn428"><span class= +"sn">428</span><span class="taxon bold">Olea Hochstetteri</span> +<em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall tree. Leaves opp., simple, oblong, 3-4 in. long, +minutely cuspidate, subcoriaceous, glabrous, or nearly so beneath; +petiole ½-¾ in. long. Fl. small, white in lateral and terminal +racemes; cor. tube short; lobes 4, longer than the tube; st. 2. Fr. +a drupe.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Khor Tela).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn428-2" title="Olea"><span class= +"taxon bold">O. europæa</span> <em>Linn.</em> <span class= +"taxon bold">var. nubica</span> <em>Schwfth.</em> ZEITUN—Arab; +DADD’A—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Stunted bush with congested or thinly lepidote +branches, or small tree. Leaves orbicular or oblong, up to 2 in. +long, glabrous or brownish-white scaly beneath, opp. Fl. and fr. +not seen.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Erkowit); Darfur Prov. (J. +Marra, 9,700 ft.).</p> + +<p class="p3">Wood hard, close grained. Considered by Schweinfurth +to be the primitive stock of the cultivated Olive tree.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn428-3" title="Olea"><span class="pagenum" +id="Page_244">[244]</span><span class="taxon bold">O. +chrysophylla</span> <em>Lam.</em> WAGRI—Rashida; DADD’A +Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tree with slender branchlets, extremities densely +lepidote. Leaves lanceolate, 2-4 in. long, narrowed each end, +glabrous above when mature, densely rufous-lepidote beneath. +Panicles axillary, sparsely compound, 1-1½ in. long; cor. ⅛ in. +long. Drupe globose, ¼ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & Has Has); Darfur Prov. (J. +Marra, 8-10,000 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn429"><span class= +"sn">429</span><span class="taxon bold">Linociera nilotica</span> +<em>Oliv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall tree with a trunk 6-8 ft. in girth; branchlets +glabrous, whitish. Leaves opp., simple, entire, oblong, 2-5 in. +long; petiole ab. ½ in. Panicles lateral, 1-2 in. long; petals 4, +small, nearly free; st. 2. Fr. a drupe.</p> + +<p class="p2">(?Upper) White Nile; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar +Fertit, Bongo and Niamniam lands); Mongalla Prov.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="apocynace">APOCYNACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn430"><span class= +"sn">430</span><span class="taxon bold">Landolphia florida</span> +<em>Benth.</em> ABU KHAMIR & ALGULU-AR (Blue Nile)—Arab; SHANGYE +(Dilling)—Nuba; MUNOH—Bongo; MANA—Dinka; BIH & IVI—Golo; +BIH—Indogo; APWAMAH—Jur; SUSSI—Krej.</p> + +<p class="p2">Very large woody climber, sometimes up to 3 ft. +girth, with milky sap; tendrils long, branched. Leaves opp., +simple, variable, usually elliptic to elliptic-oblong, 3-7 in. +long, dark green and glossy above. Fl. in terminal, pubescent, +dense corymbs; cor. white, with yellow throat, 5-lobed, variable in +size, fragrant; st. 5, included, anthers linear-oblong. Fruit more +or less globose, citron-like, yellow, up to 4 in. diam, pulp +yellow.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Khor Koki); Fung Prov.; Nuba +Mts. Prov. (Banks of Khors near Dilling); Upper White Nile Prov. +(Upper Sobat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Bahr El Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<p class="p3">The latex yields a resinous rubber of no commercial +value. Fruit globose, acidulous, edible.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">var. leiantha</span> +<em>Oliv.</em></p> + +<p class="p4">Infl. more glabrous than in type.</p> + +<p class="p4">Kassala Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn430-2" title="Landolphia"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. petersiana</span> <em>Dyer.</em> <span class= +"taxon bold">var. Schweinfurthiana</span> <em>Stapf.</em> +DUNGO—Golo.</p> + +<p class="p2">Scandent shrub, shoots rusty-tomentose when young, +the terminal infl. acting as tendrils. Leaves opp., elliptic or +elliptic-oblong, 3½-4½ in. long, coriaceous, loosely pubescent when +young. Panicle, rachis and branches twining, the latter bearing +clusters of sessile flowers; cor. white, fragrant, lobes 5 +overlapping, ½-¾ in. long, tube ¼ in. Fr. globose, up to 2½ in. +diam., finely velvety.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_245">[245]</span>Bahr +El Ghazal Prov. (Wau to Pongo).</p> + +<p class="p3">The latex yields an inferior rubber.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn430-3" title="Landolphia"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. owariensis</span> <em>Beauv.</em> <span class= +"taxon bold">var. tomentella</span> <em>Stapf.</em> NGELEH—Bongo; +ODILOH—Dinka; N’DALA & VANGA—Golo; ATILOB—Jur; WAWA—Krej.</p> + +<p class="p2">Woody climber, with forked, hooked tendrils; young +parts densely fulvous tomentose. Leaves oblong to elliptic, 2-3½ +in. long. Panicles terminal pyramidal or ovoid; cor. white, turning +brownish, tube ¼ in. long; lobes spreading or reflexed, ab. ⅙ in. +long. Fr. globose 1-2½ in. diam., yellow mottled red, wrinkled.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">Yields the best Sudan rubber. Fruit sweet, +edible.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn431"><span class= +"sn">431</span><span class="taxon bold">Clitandra +Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Stapf.</em> KOH—Golo & Indogo.</p> + +<p class="p2">Climbing shrub. Leaves elliptic, acuminate, 2-3 in. +long, coriaceous, shining above; veins conspicuous, raised. Cymes +few-flowered axillary; cor. lobes white, overlapping, ¾ in. long; +tube yellow, ⅓ in. Fr. globose, 2 in. diam., reddish-brown.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit).</p> + +<p class="p3">Latex sticky.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn432"><span class= +"sn">432</span><span class="taxon bold">Carissa edulis</span> +<em>Vahl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Spinous shrub, more or less glabrous. Leaves ovate, +acute, 1½-3 in. long, ¾-1½ in. broad, glabrous. Cymes +several-flowered. Corolla ½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli).</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">var. tomentosa</span> +<em>Stapf.</em> AGAM—Rashida; HARNAB—Hadendowa; SIRKUKA—Bari; +AFININ—Dinka; PELLE or TINDI—Golo; POPOGI & (the fruit) +RINDICHWE—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Dense spinous shrub, spines opp., usually straight, +1-2 in. long. Leaves opp., usually ovate to ovate-elliptic, ¾-2 in. +long, coriaceous, tomentose. Fl. in axillary or terminal clusters; +cor. white or purple; lobes overlapping, up to ⅓ in. long; tube ½-¾ +in. long. Berry globose, purple to black, ¼-½ in. diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & Has Has); Fung Prov.; +Nuba Mts. Prov. (Gardus forest); Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Bahr El +Jebel (Sudd & Mongalla Prov.).</p> + +<p class="p3">The bark is used as medicine in Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +The fruit is similar to the damson plum, and is very agreeable in +taste.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn433"><span class= +"sn">433</span><span class="taxon bold">Rauwolfia oxyphylla</span> +<em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tree 30-40 ft. Leaves oblanceolate, acutely +acuminate, 6 in. long, 1½-2 in. broad, glabrous, with numerous +lateral nerves. Cymes lax with very small flowers. Corolla tube ⅙ +in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn433-2" title="Rauwolfia"><span class= +"taxon bold">R. vomitoria</span> <em>Afz.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub or small tree, 20 ft. high, glabrous except +infl.; young<span class="pagenum" id="Page_246">[246]</span> +branches quadrangular. Leaves in whorls of 3-4, lanceolate to +elliptic, more or less acuminate both ends, 3-7 in. long. Fl. in +terminal or pseudo-axillary, much branched, umbellate cymes; cor. +white, lobes ovate, small, tube ¼ in. long, hairy in the mouth. +Fruit a simple or divaricate twin drupe; drupes free, ovoid, +subapiculate, ab. ⅓ in. long, red.</p> + +<p class="p2">Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Assika +River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn434"><span class= +"sn">434</span><span class="taxon bold">Pleiocarpa +microcarpa</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub or small tree. Leaves ternate, oblong, 4-7 in. +long, glaucous below; petiole 4-6 in. long. Fl. in sessile axillary +clusters; calyx minute, sepals ovate, obtuse. Fr. a berry, +ellipsoid or obovoid.</p> + +<p class="p2">Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Mbrwole River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn435"><span class= +"sn">435</span><span class="taxon bold">Alstonia congensis</span> +<em>Engl.</em> BIRR (Bahr El Ghazal Prov.)—Dinka; BANGI—Golo; +MBADI—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Large tree. Leaves in whorls of 4-6, oblanceolate to +obovate, cuneate, 4-7 in. long; nerves prominent, 30-40 on each +side. Fl. white in terminal compound, whorled panicles, each of its +branches having 2-3 tiers of whorled pseudo-umbels of 4-7 fl.; cor. +tube nearly ½ in. long, lobes under ¼ in. long, contorted. Fr. of 2 +follicles.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: +Diamvonu Stream).</p> + +<p class="p3">The wood is light, white, and soft. It is used for +making native stools, furniture, war-drums and boats. The bark is +reputed to be poisonous, but is used in Nigeria for medicinal +purposes.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn436"><span class= +"sn">436</span><span class="taxon bold">Voacanga obtusa</span> +<em>K. Sch.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall tree. Leaves opp., crowded at ends of branches, +obovate to oblong, 4-9 in. long. Infl. racemed or umbelled, +geminate from the branch-forks; calyx tubular, glandular; cor. +white, fleshy, fragrant; tube ¾ in.; lobes 1 in. long, up to 1½ in. +broad; anthers 5 sagittate. Berry globose, fleshy, 2 in. diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Mbrwole River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn436-2" title="Voacanga"><span class= +"taxon bold">V. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous shrub, 15 ft. high. Leaves opp., +oblanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, 5-8 in. long, papery. +Inflorescences in pairs from the branch forks, few-flowered, +umbelled; calyx tube subcampanulate glandular; cor. yellow; tube ½ +in. long; lobes 5, obovate-oblique, 1 in. long. Berry ovoid, pulp +yellow.</p> + +<p class="p2">Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Yuru River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn436-3" title="Voacanga"><span class= +"taxon bold">V. africana</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small tree. Leaves variable, usually elliptic-oblong, +2-8 in. long, acute both ends, subcoriaceous. Infl. axillary, +corymbose, many-flowered, peduncles often paired, nodose; calyx +campanulate, glandular; lobes 5, reflexed when ripe; +cor.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_247">[247]</span> cream-white, +fragrant, tube twisted, under ½ in.; lobes ½-1 in. long, contorted; +anthers acute, sagittate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Above Bor).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn437"><span class= +"sn">437</span><span class="taxon bold">Conopharyngia +penduliflora</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub or small tree. Leaves opp., lanceolate to +elliptic-oblong, 4-8 in. long. Infl. racemose pseudo-axillary or +terminal, pendulous, 6-8 flowered; cor. white, fragrant; tube +fleshy, ½ in. long; lobes oblique; anthers conniving into a cone, +sagittate; berry globose, fleshy.</p> + +<p class="p2">Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Yuru River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn437-2" title="Conopharyngia"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. Holstii</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall tree; bark at first dark green, later whitish. +Leaves opp., oblong to elliptic-oblong, up to 10 in. long. Infl. +corymbose; cor. white with yellow centre; tube fleshy, up to ½ in. +diam. and 1 in. long; lobes oblong, overlapping, 1 in. or more; +anthers ½ in. long, sagittate, conniving into a cone. Berry +globose, blackish-brown, 4 in. diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn438"><span class= +"sn">438</span><span class="taxon bold">Adenium speciosum</span> +<em>Fenzl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Fleshy arborescent shrub, ab. 4 ft. high; trunk up to +2-3 ft. thick at base. Leaves in spirals and terminal fascicles, +oblanceolate or linear oblong, often emarginate, 2-4 in. long, +appearing with the flowers, coriaceous. Fl. in paired racemes; +calyx 5-lobed, ab. ⅓ in. long; cor. carmine; tube funnel-shaped, +ab. 1 in. long with 5 hairy lines inside; lobes 5, ab. 1 in. long +or shorter, spreading; anthers 5, sagittate, conniving at the top +by long hairy appendages as long as the tube. Fr. 2 spindle-shaped +follicles 5-7 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (J. Akaro & Fazoghli); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. +Hedra, Rashad); Mongalla Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn438-2" title="Adenium"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. Hongkel</span> <em>A. DC.</em> SIM, SIM AHMAR or +SHAGAR EL SIM (Baggara)—Arab; DAGARAG (Tagele), NARURAI (J. Eliri) +& TUMU (Kadugli)—Nuba.</p> + +<p class="p2">Stumpy arborescent shrub, 6-10 ft. high, with fleshy +stem and branches, not unlike a miniature Baobab. Leaves appearing +after the flowers, obovate-oblong, 3-4 in. long. Cymes 2-10 +flowered; cor. carmine, much as above, somewhat smaller.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nuba Mts. Prov (on rocks).</p> + +<p class="p3">The juice is said to be used for poisoning arrows; +hence its Arabic name.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn438-3" title="Adenium"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. obesum</span> <em>R.</em> & <em>S.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Arborescent shrub, 3 ft. high. Leaves oblanceolate, +rounded and mucronulate at the tip, 3-4 in. long, 1-1½ in. broad, +puberulous below. Flowers on leafless branches. Corolla tube 1¼ in. +long, pubescent.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (Jebel Marra).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="asclepiadace"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_248">[248]</span>ASCLEPIADACEÆ.<a id= +"FNanchor_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_4" class= +"fnanchor">[4]</a></h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn439"><span class= +"sn">439</span><span class="taxon bold">Cryptolepis +oblongifolia</span> <em>Schlechter.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect shrub. Leaves opp. or ternate, narrowly +lanceolate to oblong-elliptic, ½-2 in. long. Cyme subaxillary, 3-16 +flowered; cor. yellow, minute. Fr. 2 spindle-shaped, spreading +follicles.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn439-2" title="Cryptolepis"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. sp.</span> +</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub 2-4 ft. Leaves lanceolate, acute, 1½ in. long, +⅓-⅔ in. broad, glabrous. Fruiting carpel divergent, 3 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land to West of Tonj +River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn440"><span class= +"sn">440</span><span class="taxon bold">Tacazzea venosa</span> +<em>Decne.</em> <span class="taxon bold">var. Martini</span> +<em>N.E. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect or twining shrub with milky juice. Leaves opp. +or whorled, lanceolate, 2½-5 in. long, glabrous above, tomentose +beneath. Panicles axillary, 1½-4 in. long; sepals minute, broadly +elliptic; cor. lobed nearly to base; lobes oblong, ¼ in. long, +overlapping; coronal lobes linear, divided ab. half way down into 2 +filiform segments. Follicles 2, lanceolate 2-3 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn440-2" title="Tacazzea"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. apiculata</span> <em>Oliv.</em> SHAG EL FIL, +HALLEYU, ABU LEBBEN & ARKALA—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Woody twiner. Leaves opp., oblong or elliptic-oblong, +2-5 in. long, shortly pointed at apex, emarginate or cordate at +base, whitish tomentose beneath. Panicles 2½-6 in. long; sepals +minute, brick-red; cor. lobed nearly to base; lobes ¼ in. +long;<span class="pagenum" id="Page_249">[249]</span> coronal lobes +filiform, nearly ½ in. long. Follicles 2, horizontally diverging, +lanceolate, tapering to a point, ab. 3 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung. Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Jur Ghattas, Niamniam & Bongo-lands); Mongalla Prov. +(Gondokoro).</p> + +<p class="p3">Yields a kind of Gutta-Percha.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn440-3" title="Tacazzea"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. sp.</span> ARKALA—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Branches pubescent. Leaves oblong-elliptic, truncate, +mucronate, 3 in. long, 2 in. broad, whitish pubescent below. +Flowers not seen.</p> + +<p class="p2">Upper White Nile Prov. (Kaka).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn441"><span class= +"sn">441</span><span class="taxon bold">Raphionacme jurensis</span> +<em>N.E. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Procumbent trailing shrub, with puberulous branches. +Leaves not seen. Flowers solitary or in pairs, grey-lilac; pedicels +3-5 in. long, puberulous. Corolla lobes ¼ in. long, thinly +pubescent outside.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (between Jur & Wau Rivers).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn441-2" title="Raphionacme"><span class= +"taxon bold">R. sp. near R. jurensis</span> <em>N.E. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Similar to above but erect from a long tuber, +sometimes leafy at time of flowering. Leaves oblanceolate, 2 in. +long, subacute. Corolla whitish green with 2 purple spots at base +of each lobe; filaments purple.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Bor & southward).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn442"><span class= +"sn">442</span><span class="taxon bold">Omphalogonus +calophyllus</span> <em>Baillon.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous twiner. Leaves ovate, rounded or widely +cordate at the base, acutely acuminate, 3-6 in. long, 2-4½ in. +broad, with 12-14 lateral nerves. Cymes axillary, few flowered. +Calyx cupular, lobes 1/12 in. long. Corolla lobes elliptic, ⅓ in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn443"><span class= +"sn">443</span><span class="taxon bold">Periploca aphylla</span> +<em>Decne.</em> MAGOK—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub with short, stiff, usually leafless branches, +young shoots bearing oblong or linear-oblong leaves, ½ in. long. +Cymes 5-20 flowered, terminal; cor. ½ in. diam., rotate; lobes ¼ +in. with white hairs near margin; coronal lobes ¼ in. long, each +with 2 wing-like keels; anthers connate at tip over the style. +Follicles 2 spreading, 3-4 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21°-22° L.N.).</p> + +<p class="p3">The fibre is used in India for well-ropes, being +considered impervious to the action of water. The flower-buds are +eaten raw or cooked. The latex is applied to tumours and +swellings.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn443-2" title="Periploca"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. linearifolia</span> <em>Dill.</em> & +<em>Rich.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub with whip-like branches. Leaves linear, acute, +about 2 in. long and ⅙ in. broad, 1-nerved. Flowers in lax cymes. +Corolla-lobes densely ciliate on the margins.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn444"><span class= +"sn">444</span><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_250">[250]</span><span class="taxon bold">Secamone +Schweinfurthii</span> <em>K. Schum.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Climbing shrub. Leaves opp., elliptic to orbicular, +⅓-1¼ in. long. Cymes 3-6 fld., axillary and terminal; cor. under ¼ +in. diam., with minute coronal lobes. Foll. 2, spreading, +glabrous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Kulongo).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn445"><span class= +"sn">445</span><span class="taxon bold">Podostelma Schimperi</span> +<em>K. Schum.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small woody shrub, sometimes twining. Leaves opp., +thick, ovate or elliptic, ⅓-1 in. long. Cymes sessile, 2-6-fid.; +cor. white or yellowish; lobes ⅓ in. long, overlapping; anthers +winged, connivent round upper part of style. Foll. 2, lanceolate, +1½-2 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Suakin & Sinkat); between Suakin & +Berber (Wadi Sarranib).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn446"><span class= +"sn">446</span><span class="taxon bold">Glossonema lineare</span> +<em>Decne.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Slender annual, 6-15 in. high. Leaves opp., linear or +lin.-lanceolate, ¾-2 in. long. Fl. solitary in 1 axil of the opp. +leaves; cor. lobes ¼ in. long; corona minute. Foll. 2, +linear-terete.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn446-2" title="Glossonema"><span class= +"taxon bold">G. nubicum</span> <em>Decne.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, 6-12 in. high, with white hairs on pet. and +lower sides of leaves which are opp., linear or linear-lanceolate, +¾-5 in. long. Fl. 2-6 together, cymose; cor. white, ⅙ in. diam.; +coronal lobes ovate, subulate. Foll. 2, 1½ in. long, echinate, +lanceolate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Khartoum Prov. (Baraka); Kordofan Prov. (J. Kon & +Tueir).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn446-3" title="Glossonema"><span class= +"taxon bold">G. Boveanum</span> <em>Decne.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, 3-10 in. high; stems white-hairy. Leaves opp., +ovate or ovate-lanceolate, white-pubescent. Fl. 1-3 together +sublateral, white, minute; coronal lobes 3-lobed, the middle one +filiform; anther appendages reniform. Foll. 2, spiny, 1½ in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Suakin); Nubia (sea-coast to between +3,000 and 4,000 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn447"><span class= +"sn">447</span><span class="taxon bold">Solenostemma Argel</span> +<em>Hayne.</em> HARGAL—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Undershrub, 1½-2 ft. high. Leaves opp., lanceolate to +oblong-ovate, 1-1½ in. long, coriaceous. Cymes axillary, +many-flowered, ab. 2 in. long; cor. white, tube minute, lobes ¼ in. +long; corona cup-shaped; lobes 5, obtuse, concave-hooded. Foll. 1, +2 in. long, ¾ in. thick.</p> + +<p class="p2">Sudan North; Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">The leaves possess purgative properties.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn448"><span class= +"sn">448</span><span class="taxon bold">Oxystelma bornouense</span> +<em>R. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Slender herbaceous climber. Leaves opp. deltoid-ovate +to lanceolate, cordate or hastate, 1-3 in. long, acuminate. Cymes +axillary, long-peduncled, 2-3 fl.; cor. ab. 1 in. diam., +mauve<span class="pagenum" id="Page_251">[251]</span> veined with +purple, cup-shaped; lobes deltoid. Foll. 1, much inflated, ab. 2 +in. long, ovoid-oblong.</p> + +<p class="p2">Berber Prov. (Atbara: Shallalat); Blue Nile Prov. +(mouth of Dinder); Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov. (at Om Madeb); Bahr +El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: Mvolo).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn449"><span class= +"sn">449</span><span class="taxon bold">Schizoglossum +abyssinicum</span> <em>K. Schum.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Undershrub with slender whip-like stems from a woody +rhizome. Leaves linear-acicular, 1½ in. long, slightly pubescent. +Flowers fasciculate; pedicels ⅓ in. long, pubescent. Corolla-lobes +linear-oblong, pubescent.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn449-2" title="Schizoglossum"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. angustissimum</span> <em>K. Schum.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, 3-4 ft. high. Leaves opp. or whorled, linear, +margins revolute, ¾-2½ in. long. Umbels 6-10 fl., numerous, +sessile, lateral; cor. minute with long woolly hairs on margins of +lobes; coronal lobes with bi- or trifid horns. Follicles 2.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Gumango hill in +Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn449-3" title="Schizoglossum"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. Petherickianum</span> <em>Oliv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Hairy herb. Leaves opp. or whorled, oblong to +ovate-lanceolate. Umbels numerous, lateral at nodes, sessile, 10-15 +fl.; cor. minute, hairy; coronal lobe on inner face with an erect +tooth and 2 decurrent keels.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Jebel (Nyangara).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn449-4" title="Schizoglossum"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. eximium</span> <em>N.E. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall herb. Leaves opp., oblong-ovate, cordate, 1½-3 +in. long. Umbels several, 6-10 fl., lateral or terminal; peduncles +1-2 in. long; cor. white, lobes campanulate, ¾ in. long; coronal +lobes purple or purple brown, nearly ½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn449-5" title="Schizoglossum"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. sp.</span> +</p> + +<p class="p2">Habit of <i>S. abyssinicum</i>, but pedicels much +shorter and corolla-lobes longer.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn450"><span class= +"sn">450</span><span class="taxon bold">Calotropis procera</span> +<em>Ait.</em> USHAR—Arab; BARAS—Hadendowa; OGUN or UBUN (Dilling), +LAMBŪRI (J. Eliri) & KAUROK (Kadugli)—Nuba.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub or small tree; youngest parts white-tomentose. +Leaves opp., subsessile, ovate or elliptic, 2-12 in. long, cordate, +glabrous. Fl. in lateral and terminal clusters of 3-10; cor. +campanulate, ¾-1 in. diam., white, with purple-brown tips; coronal +lobes ¼ in. long, truncate, with 2 lobes at top of each. Foll. 2, +subglobose, spongy inside, 3-4 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Throughout the greater part of the Sudan.</p> + +<p class="p3">The latex yield an inferior Gutta-Percha. The floss +from the fruit is used for stuffing pillows. The bast fibre is +strong and glossy but difficult to extract. The leaves are used for +fermenting durra in the preparation of merissa. Almost every part +of the plant is used as medicine. The latex is an irritant +poison.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn451"><span class= +"sn">451</span><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_252">[252]</span><span class="taxon bold">Kanahia +laniflora</span> <em>R. Br.</em> ABU LEBBEN—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Riverside shrub, 4-5 ft. high. Leaves opp., +lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 2-6 in. long, with minute bristles +in axils of nerves. Fl. on 1-2 in. long peduncles from the lateral +nodes; cor. white, fragrant, campanulate, ¾ in. long; lobes ⅓ in. +densely woolly; coronal lobes 5, fleshy with simple or bifid +inflexed beaks. Foll. 2 lanceolate, acuminate, ab. 2 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile +Prov.; Fung Prov. (Fazoghli: J. Araro); Upper White Nile Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn451-2" title="Kanahia"><span class= +"taxon bold">K. glaberrima</span> <em>N.E. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub, 4-6 ft. high. Leaves opp., linear-lanceolate, +2-6 in. long, with bristles in axils of nerves. Fl. in pedunculate +several-flowered, umbel-like lateral racemes; cor. white; lobes ⅓ +in. long, with white woolly hairs; coronal lobes deltoid-ovate, +with linear-acuminate teeth at the tops. Foll. usually solitary, +lanceolate, beaked, ab. 2 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Khartoum Prov. (Shambat: Banks of the Nile).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn452"><span class= +"sn">452</span><span class="taxon bold">Asclepias lineolata</span> +<em>Schlechter.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stout undershr. with fleshy roots, 2-4 ft. high. +Leaves opp., ovate- to linear-oblong, 2-4½ in. long, cordate. +Umbels 4-10 fl., lateral and terminal; cor. purplish, 1 in. diam.; +lobes ½ in. long, ciliolate; coronal lobes purple, pointed, ridged +between the anthers, which connive over the style. Follicles 2, +inflated ellipsoid, 3-4 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Bongo-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn452-2" title="Asclepias"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>N.E. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stems 2 ft. or more. Leaves opp., lanceolate-ovate, +cordate, 2-3½ in. long. Umbels 4-6 fl., lateral on peduncles up to +6 in. long; cor. rotate-campanulate, 1 in. diam.; lobes ½ in. long, +fringed on one margin; corona ¼ in. long, winged. Foll. 2.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn452-3" title="Asclepias"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. semilunata</span> <em>N.E. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stems 2-5 ft. high. Leaves whorled below, opp. above, +linear or lin.-lanceolate, 4-7 in. long. Umbels lateral on 1 in. +long peduncles; cor. lobes ⅓-½ in. long, reflexed; corona toothed. +Foll. half-moon shaped, 2½-3 in. long, inflated, echinate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Jebel (Madi); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: +Wando).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn452-4" title="Asclepias"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. flavida</span> <em>N.E. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">White-tomentose shrub, 3-4 ft. high. Leaves opp., +linear, 1½-3 in. long. Umbels 4-6 fl., lateral. Cor. white (?), +lobes reflexed, ¼ in. long, fringed on one margin; corona dull +purple. Foll. ellipsoid, bristly when young.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (coast, 21° N.L.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn452-5" title="Asclepias"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_253">[253]</span><span class="taxon bold">A. +macrantha</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stem 9-18 in. high. Leaves opp., lin.-lanceolate, +acuminate, 3-10 in. long. Umbels 3-6 fl., lateral and terminal on +peduncle 3-11 in. long; cor. scarlet or yellow, rotate; lobes ½ in. +long; corona yellow. Foll. usually solitary, lanceolate, 3-4 in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Ibba River); +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn452-6" title="Asclepias"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. Phillipsiæ</span> <em>N.E. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Woody, densely pubescent shrub. Leaves opp., linear, +1½-3½ in. long, margins very revolute. Umbels lateral, 3-6 fl.; +peduncle ½-¾ in. long; cor. white, deeply-lobed; lobes ¼ in. long, +reflexed, fringed on one margin; corona with 5 falcate teeth. 2 +Foll., 2 in. long, lanceolate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 7,200-9,000 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn453"><span class= +"sn">453</span><span class="taxon bold">Margaretta rosea</span> +<em>Oliv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial herb, 12-18 in. high. Leaves opp., linear +to lanceolate, acuminate, 2-5 in. long. Umbels 3-4 in a corymb at +top of the stem, and sometimes one from the node below, each 7-16 +fl., on peduncles ½-3 in. long; cor. lobes ⅙ in. long, erect; +corona toothed. Foll. often solitary, ab. 3 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn454"><span class= +"sn">454</span><span class="taxon bold">Cynanchum polyanthum</span> +<em>K. Schum.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Pubescent, fleshy twiner. Leaves opp., ovate, acute, +cordate, 2-3½ in. long; petiole 1-2 in. long. Umbels 10-30 fl., +compound, peduncle 1-1½ in. long; cor. lobes ¼ in. long; corona +tubular half its length and with 5 entire or bifid teeth. Follicles +2 in. long, glabrous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn455"><span class= +"sn">455</span><span class="taxon bold">Sarcostemma viminale</span> +<em>R. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Succulent, almost leafless shrub with switch-like, +sometimes twining shoots. Umbels many-flowered, lateral or +terminal, sessile. Fl. small, greenish-white or yellow; corona +double, minute. Foll. 2., lin.-lanceolate, 2½-4 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia (Wadi Tui between Suakin & Berber); Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn456"><span class= +"sn">456</span><span class="taxon bold">Pentatropis +cynanchoides</span> <em>R. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Slender twiner. Leaves opp., oblong to ovate, ½-1½ +in. long, fleshy. Umbels 3-6 fl., subaxillary; cor. purplish-green, +5-lobed; lobes linear from triangular base; corona with acute apex. +2 Foll., lanceolate, beaked 2-3 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (J. Waratab near Suakin & Karora +hills); White Nile Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Barboi).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn457"><span class= +"sn">457</span><span class="taxon bold">Dæmia cordata</span> <em>R. +Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Slender woody climber. Leaves opp., ovate to +orbicular, cordate, tomentose on both sides, ½ to 1 in. long. Fl. +in a corymb-like raceme, 1-2 in. long; cor. small, +green;<span class="pagenum" id="Page_254">[254]</span> corona +double. 2 Follicles 1½-2½ in. long, ovoid, beaked, echinate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubian Coast; Kassala Prov. (Atbara: Goz Regeb on +granite); Nuba Mts. Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn457-2" title="Daemia"><span class= +"taxon bold">D. extensa</span> <em>R. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Differs from above by more glabrous and larger (up to +5 in. long) leaves and also large raceme, 2-16 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Soturba Mountains to near Karora); +Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan, Darfur, Upper White Nile (Renk), & +Mongalla Provinces.</p> + +<p class="p3">The stems yield a fibre. The plant is used in +infantile diarrhœa, also as an emetic. The pulp of the fleshy +leaves is used as a stimulating poultice for carbuncles.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn458"><span class= +"sn">458</span><span class="taxon bold">Gymnema sylvestre</span> +<em>R. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Woody twiner. Leaves opp., ovate to lanceolate, +cuneate or cordate at base, ¾-3 in. long. Umbels subaxillary, +many-flowered; cor. yellowish-white, minute, fleshy; coronal lobes +fleshy, fringed. Follicles 2½-3½ in. long, lanceolate, beaked.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land, Jur Ghattas, Dar +Fertit, Biri River).</p> + +<p class="p3">The root is used for snake bite. The leaves, when +chewed, are said to destroy the taste of sugar for twenty-four +hours.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn459"><span class= +"sn">459</span><span class="taxon bold">Marsdenia spissa</span> +<em>S. Moore.</em> SHAGAR EL FIL (Fung)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Woody climber. Leaves opp., ovate or elliptic-ovate +acuminate 1½-4 in. long. Cymes many-flowered, lateral; cor. +greenish-yellow, rotate-campanulate, ½ in. diam.; lobes ¼ in. long, +tomentose; coronal lobes minute, fleshy. Follicles 3½ in. long, +elongate-ovoid, with broad frill-like wings; seeds crowned with +long silky hairs.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Wau, Jur).</p> + +<p class="p3">Yields a fibre.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn459-2" title="Marsdenia"><span class= +"taxon bold">M. rubicunda</span> <em>N.E. Br.</em> KNĀR +(Kenissa)—Dinka.</p> + +<p class="p2">Woody climber, young parts with salmon-red tomentum. +Leaves opp., elliptic or elliptic-ovate, cordate, 1-3 in. long. +Cor. ½ in. diam.; lobes rotate, 1/5 in. long, greenish; corona +lobes subulate and bifid. Follicles 2, wings 4, crenate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nuba Mts. Prov. (Dar Nuba); Darfur Prov.; Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Shambé and Meshra El Rek); Mongalla Prov.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn460"><span class= +"sn">460</span><span class="taxon bold">Leptadenia +lancifolia</span> <em>Decne.</em> ERG HABŪB EL KHEIL, or ABU LEBBEN +or UMLEBEINA or MABLEBEN (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Woody, tomentose climber. Leaves opp., ovate to +lanceolate or variable in shape, 1-5 in. long. Umbels +many-flowered, lateral; cor. green, rotate, lobes under ¼ in. +long;<span class="pagenum" id="Page_255">[255]</span> throat +densely bearded with white hairs; coronal lobes fleshy, pointed. +Follicles 2, lanceolate, 3-4 in. long, glabrous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); White Nile Prov. & Upper Nile +Prov. (Dueim to Kodok); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Gadein); Bahr El Jebel (up to Lake Albert).</p> + +<p class="p3">The pounded roots, mixed with water are said to be +given to horses and cattle for flatulency.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn460-2" title="Leptadenia"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. heterophylla</span> <em>Decne.</em> LUWEIS—Arab; +ASHENON (Kenissa)—Dinka.</p> + +<p class="p2">Slender woody twiner. Leaves very variable from +linear-hastate to oval, ¾-3 in. long. Umbels several-flowered, +sub-axillary; cor. 2-2½ lines in diam.; corona lobes fleshy, tipped +with hairs. Foll. 1, lanceolate, 2-3 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. northwards; Darfur Prov.; Mongalla Prov. +(Kenissa).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn460-3" title="Leptadenia"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. Spartium</span> <em>Wight.</em> MARAKH or MERAKH & +ZA’ANSHERAB ELMI (N. Kordn.)—Arab; AGWAIT—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Switch-like, green-stemmed, glaucous shrub, 5-10 ft. +high, generally leafless. Umbels subaxillary, flowers developing +successively; cor. yellow, 5-lobed, small; corona green, fleshy. +Foll. 2, lin.-lanceolate, terete, 3-4 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">North Sudan; Red Sea, Kassala & Kordofan +Provinces.</p> + +<p class="p3">Yields a valuable fibre but difficult of extraction. +Good camel fodder.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn461"><span class= +"sn">461</span><span class="taxon bold">Ceropegia nilotica</span> +<em>Kotschy.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Slender fleshy twiner with tuberous root. Leaves +opp., ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, toothed towards apex, 1 in. +long. Peduncles lateral, 2 flowered; cor. blackish-purple, yellow +in throat, 1½ in. long; tube inflated at base; lobes connate at +apex, ¼ in. long; corona double, inner yellowish.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Bari-land, Gondokoro).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn461-2" title="Ceropegia"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. racemosa</span> <em>N.E. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Slender twiner. Leaves opp., lanceolate or +oblong-lanceolate, 1-2 in. long. Flowers solitary, ⅓-1 in. apart on +racemes, which are 2-4 in. long; cor. tube ¾ in. long, hairy +inside; lobes ½ in. long, connate at apex, fringed; corona ciliate, +double, 5 outer with 10 teeth ½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn461-3" title="Ceropegia"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. stenantha</span> <em>K. Schum.</em> AKEISH or AGASH +(Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; AKON (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka; AGE (Meshra +El Zeraf)—Shilluk.</p> + +<p class="p2">Slender twiner. Leaves opp., lanceolate, 1-2½ in. +long, ciliolate on margin. Cymes 3-6 fl., umbelled, sublateral; +cor. greenish; tube ½ in. inflated below; lobes ½ in. linear, +connate at tips; corona double, minute.</p> + +<p class="p2">Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land, Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="p3">The leaves are acid and can be eaten as spinach. The +tuber is said to be a good substitute for a potato.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn462"><span class= +"sn">462</span><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_256">[256]</span><span class="taxon bold">Brachystelma +phyteumoides</span> <em>K. Schum.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Dwarf perennial; several stems, ab. 4 in. high, from +a thick root stock. Leaves opp. linear, acuminate, ab. 2 in. long, +nearly glabrous. Umbel terminal between a pair of leaves; cor. dark +purple-brown; tubes short, lobes ¾ in. long; corona included in +tube, very short, outer lobes bifid. Foll. fusiform.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land; near Jur +Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn463"><span class= +"sn">463</span><span class="taxon bold">Echidnopsis nubica</span> +<em>N.E. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leafless, succulent, obtusely 8-angled plant, angles +tesselately divided into obtuse tubercles. Fl. fascicled near tips +of the stems; cor. very small, 5-lobed, purple-brown, or +purple-brown dotted on green; corona single. Follicles up to 4 in. +long and ⅓ in. thick, purplish.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit, Suakin).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn464"><span class= +"sn">464</span><span class="taxon bold">Caralluma longidens</span> +<em>N.E. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Succulent branching 4-angled plant; branches +attenuated upwards, 5-8 in. long; angles slightly toothed; teeth +bearing fleshy, terete, deciduous leaves. Fl. solitary or 2 +together along upper part of stem; cor. dark purple-brown; tube ¼-⅓ +in. long; lobes ¼ in., ovate-lanceolate, glabrous; outer corona of +10 lin.-subulate teeth, ⅙ in. long, inner with 5 smaller teeth.</p> + +<p class="p2">Between Suakin & Berber (Wadi Laemeb).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn464-2" title="Caralluma"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. vittata</span> <em>N.E. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Succulent, glabrous, 4-angled plant, 6-8 in. high; +angles slightly toothed; branches ⅓ to 1 in. thick, much attenuated +upwards. Fl. 1-4 together, scattered on the terminal 2-4 in. of the +branches; cor. tube whitish, streaked dark purple, ab. 1/7 in.; +lobes ⅙ in. long, dark purple, glabrous; outer corona of 10 minute +teeth.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L. between sea level and 4,000 +ft.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn464-3" title="Caralluma"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. retrospiciens</span> <em>N.E. Br.</em> +KAREIB—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Succulent cactus-like plant, up to 3 ft. high, with +ascending deeply 4-angled toothed branches, teeth broad, decurved. +Umbels terminal or subterminal, several together forming a compound +globose head up to 3 or 4 in. diam. Cor. 5-lobed, deep +purplish-brown, tube ¼ in. long; lobes ¼ in., deltoid, fringed with +dark hairs; outer corona with 5 pairs of teeth. Foll. ab. 6 in. +long, linear, terete.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. to Red Sea Prov.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn465"><span class= +"sn">465</span><span class="taxon bold">Huernia macrocarpa</span> +<em>N.E. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Succulent perennial; stems 3-4 in. high, +subquadrangular, angles coarsely toothed, teeth fleshy, recurved +spinescent at apex. Follicles in pairs, 5-6 in. long, narrow, acute +or hooked at apex.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Sinkat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Jur-land; Abu Gurun).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="rubiace"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_257">[257]</span>RUBIACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn466"><span class= +"sn">466</span><span class="taxon bold">Sarcocephalus +esculentus</span> <em>Afzel.</em> KARMUDODA—Arab; DOMA—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Small tree. Leaves opposite, ovate-oblong, cordate, +ab. 6 in. long, almost mucronate; stipules interpetiolar, as in +many of this family, caducous, ovate, short. Flower heads +orange-coloured, globose, crowded; pistils exserted.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">Yields a gum. The core of the flower-heads is eaten. +Wood light yellow with darker markings, density 0.676. A yellow dye +is obtained from the roots.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn466-2" title="Sarcocephalus"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. Russeggeri</span> <em>Kotschy.</em> KARMUDOD’A +(Baggara)—Arab; N’DU—Golo; DAMMA or DOMA—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub, up to 20 ft. high. Flower-heads white, +sweet-scented, globose. Leaves usually broadly elliptical.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. (Korarak); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Jur-land, Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="p3">The core of the flower-heads is eaten, but in excess +acts as an emetic. The wood, which is of a red colour, is used by +the Niamniams for the manufacture of curious oracles, consisting of +two pieces of wood, flattened and polished, which may or may not +adhere together after being wetted. The root is said to be a fine +bitter tonic.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn467"><span class= +"sn">467</span><span class="taxon bold">Adina microcephala</span> +<em>Hiern.</em> MISTIKA or MISHKA (Medani, Fung Prov.)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Moderate-sized tree. Leaves lanceolate, in whorls of +4, 4-6 in. long. Flowers compact on a globose, bracteolate +receptacle. Seeds winged at each end.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Singa & Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Dar Fertit).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn468"><span class= +"sn">468</span><span class="taxon bold">Mitragyne +macrophylla</span> <em>Hiern.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Moderate-sized tree. Leaves elliptical, often broadly +so. Flowering heads globose, cymosely arranged or umbellate. Fruit +dicoccous; seeds winged both ends.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land & Jur-land).</p> + +<p class="p3">The wood is used for making canoes, furniture and for +housebuilding on the West Coast.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn468-2" title="Mitragyne"><span class= +"taxon bold">M. africana</span> <em>Korth.</em> YO?—Arab; +ANGOTO—Dinka; N’DUNGO—Golo; BIAMA—Jur; LAO—Nuer; +KOFOKOFO—Zande?</p> + +<p class="p2">Moderate-sized to fairly large tree, growing not far +from water. Leaves ovate-elliptical, more or less cordate. +Flower-heads globose, solitary, 1 in. diam.; cor. white, turning +yellow. Seeds 2-winged.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (mouth of Bahr El Arab & +Wau).</p> + +<p class="p3">Wood white, rather soft, density 0.560, used for +carving and in cabinet work; known as African Lime.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn469"><span class= +"sn">469</span><span class="taxon bold">Hymenodictyon Kurria</span> +<em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub or small tree. Leaves obovate to oval, 3-8 in. +long.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_258">[258]</span> opposite; +interpet. stipules ovate-oblong, ½ in. long, deciduous. +Inflorescence spicate, 7 in. long. Bracts opposite, elliptical, +marcescent, ab. 2 in. long on 1 in. long stalks.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: summit of Mt. +Baginse).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn469-2" title="Hymenodictyon"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. scabrum</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">A small scabrid shrub. Leaves obovate, 3 in. long, 1½ +in. broad, scabrid on the nerves below. Flowers not seen. Fruits +narrowly ellipsoid, ¾ in. long, prominently lenticellate. Bahr El +Jebel (Bari & Madi).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn470"><span class= +"sn">470</span><span class="taxon bold">Crossopteryx +Kotschyana</span> <em>Fenzl.</em> DARITAR—Dinka; M’BILI or +TIRI—Golo; AKOS—Jur.</p> + +<p class="p2">Small tree. Leaves coriaceous, elliptical, 1-8 in. +long; stip. deltoid, acuminate. Flowers cream-coloured or pink, +fragrant, in dense corymbose panicles. Capsule 2-celled, globose, +crustaceous, ab. ¼ in. diam.; seeds peltate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr +El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, Niamniam & Bongo lands); Uganda (Nile +Prov.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn471"><span class= +"sn">471</span><span class="taxon bold">Pentas carnea</span> +<em>Benth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrubby, 1-2 ft. high, harshly pallid-puberulous. +Leaves ovate-oblong to lanceolate-oblong, 1-6 in. long; stip. +multipartite, subulate. Cymes usually dense, 1-3 in. in diameter. +Cor. purplish, hairy at throat. Capsule 2-celled, coriaceous, many +seeded.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn471-2" title="Pentas"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. arvensis</span> <em>Hiern.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Rambling perennial, 2 ft. high. Leaves subsessile, +elliptic-lanceolate. Cymes 1-3 in. across; cor. white with purple +throat, which is hairy.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn471-3" title="Pentas"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Scott Elliot.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb. Leaves ovate-elliptic, acute, 4½ in. long, 2 +in. broad, with numerous densely pubescent lateral nerves. Flowers +light mauve, in paniculate clusters.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn472"><span class= +"sn">472</span><span class="taxon bold">Otomeria madiensis</span> +<em>Oliv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Somewhat shrubby perennial, up to ab. 3 ft. high, +hairy. Interpet. stipules sheathing, each with 3 subulate teeth. +Leaves elliptical, hairy on veins, opposite. Spikes terminal, +simple or branched, 1 ft. long; flowers 1 in. long, pink; cor. tube +hairy. Capsule ¼ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land); Bahr El Jebel +(Madi).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn473"><span class= +"sn">473</span><span class="taxon bold">Oldenlandia +grandiflora</span> <em>Hiern.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, up to 4 ft. high. Flowers crimson, mostly +tetramerous in this genus, corymbose; cor. salver-shaped. Fruit +subglobose, crowned with calyx teeth. Leaves opposite, +upper<span class="pagenum" id="Page_259">[259]</span> sometimes +needle-shaped, lower narrow-lanceolate; stipules sheathing, short, +2-3 pointed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli & +Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (Obeid & Um Sutt); Nuba Mts. Prov. +(Dilling); Darfur Prov. (Kulme).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn473-2" title="Oldenlandia"><span class= +"taxon bold">O. senegalensis</span> <em>Hiern.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, up to 3 ft. high. Flowers white or pink, +paniculately cymose; cor. salver-shaped, tube slender, glabrous. +Leaves narrow-lanceolate. Fruit as above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Red Sea Prov. (Soturba); +Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Kordofan Prov. (Obeid); +Mongalla Prov. (Bari-country).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn473-3" title="Oldenlandia"><span class= +"taxon bold">O. Schimperi</span> <em>T. Anders.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, 1-3 ft. high, glandular-scabrous; branches +virgate. Leaves linear; stipules 1-3 pointed. Flowers in terminal +corymbose cymes; cor. salver-shaped, tube much longer than calyx. +Capsule subglobose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. +Arashkol).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn473-4" title="Oldenlandia"><span class= +"taxon bold">O. virgata</span> <em>DC.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Switch-like herb, 2 in. to 2 ft. high. Leaves linear, +curled margins; stipules with 2-3 bristly points. Flowers panicled; +cor. cylindrical or salver-shape. Fruit sub-globose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (Tueir); Bahr El Ghazal & Mongalla +Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn473-5" title="Oldenlandia"><span class= +"taxon bold">O. Welwitschii</span> <em>Hiern.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small herb with white tubular, cruciform flowers.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & Dongonab).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn473-6" title="Oldenlandia"><span class= +"taxon bold">O. strumosa</span> <em>Hiern.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, up to 18 in. high. Leaves linear-lanceolate. +Cymes corymbose, terminal; cor. salver-shaped, tube much longer +than calyx. Fruit subglobose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile Prov. (Upper); Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn473-7" title="Oldenlandia"><span class= +"taxon bold">O. lancifolia</span> <em>Schwfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb with linear-lanceolate leaves. Flowers small, +axillary, solitary; cor. not longer than calyx. Capsule furrowed, +compressed-globose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile Prov. (near Lakanda); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s +Post); Bahr El Jebel (Madi); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn473-8" title="Oldenlandia"><span class= +"taxon bold">O. macrophylla</span> <em>DC.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Aquatic or marsh herb. Leaves sessile, +linear-lanceolate, up to 3 in. long. Flowers white or pale blue, +pentamerous, in racemose or panicled cymes. Capsule minute.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Niamniam-land); Mongalla Prov. (Bor).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn473-9" title="Oldenlandia"><span class= +"taxon bold">O. trinervia</span> <em>Retz.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Weak, slightly hairy annual. Leaves broadly ovate or +rotundate, tapering to 3-nerved base. Flowers in small<span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_260">[260]</span> clusters on short peduncles, +tetramerous; cor. length of the calyx. Capsule hirsute, +globose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn473-10" title="Oldenlandia"><span class= +"taxon bold">O. corymbosa</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect or ascending annual, up to 1 ft. high. Leaves +sessile, linear, or apiculate. Stipules short, pectinate. Flowers +usually in pairs, on filiform peduncles. Corolla white.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur & Bongo lands, Shambé); +Mongalla Prov. (Bor).</p> + +<p class="p3">A decoction of the root is used in bilious +fevers.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn473-11" title="Oldenlandia"><span class= +"taxon bold">O. octodon</span> <em>A. Rich.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Low, straggly herb. Leaves linear, acute, about ½ in. +long, Flowers very small, clustered and sessile at the nodes. Calyx +lobes setose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Wau & Nianniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn473-12" title="Oldenlandia"><span class= +"taxon bold">O. capensis</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, 4-9 in. high; branches 4-angled. Leaves +narrow-linear, revolute. Peduncles 2 to several together, +1-flowered, axillary or terminal; cor. white, slightly longer than +calyx. Capsule minute, 4-ribbed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn473-13" title="Oldenlandia"><span class= +"taxon bold">O. wauensis</span> <em>Schwfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous herb, 1 ft. high; branches with 4 raised +lines. Leaves linear; stipules sheathing, with many bristles. +Flowers mostly pentamerous, in pairs, small. Capsule coriaceous, +oblong, small.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn473-14" title="Oldenlandia"><span class= +"taxon bold">O. Heynei</span> <em>Oliv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves linear-lanceolate. Lower +flowers solitary, upper in a paniculate cyme. Cor. salver-shaped; +tube slender, glabrous within, twice the length of calyx. Fruit +subglobose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Roseires); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn473-15" title="Oldenlandia"><span class= +"taxon bold">O. effusa</span> <em>Oliv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall herb. Leaves narrow-linear, revolute. Flowers +4-merous, lilac, in paniculate cymes. Fruit globose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov. (Rufaa).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn473-16" title="Oldenlandia"><span class= +"taxon bold">O. cf. O. effusa</span> <em>Oliv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Almost leafless herb with weak branches. Flowers pale +red outside; corolla very slender, ¾ in. long, with 4 linear very +acute lobes, fruits 1/10 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (Um Dam, 1,245 S.G.H.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn473-17" title="Oldenlandia"><span class= +"taxon bold">O. sp.</span> +</p> + +<p class="p2">Leafy much-branched herb. Leaves linear-oblanceolate +acute, 1½ in. long, shortly pubescent. Corolla ¼ in. long, with 4 +short obtuse lobes.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Sheikh Tombé, 1,648 S.G.H.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn473-18" title="Oldenlandia"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_261">[261]</span><span class="taxon bold">O. +noctiflora</span> <em>Hiern.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous annual. Leaves linear. Flowers white, +opening at night.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn473-19" title="Oldenlandia"><span class= +"taxon bold">O. hedyotoides</span> <em>Boiss.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, 6 in. to 1 ft. high. Leaves linear-oval. +Flowers minute, clustered in axils of the leaves; cor. white. +Capsule coriaceous, 4-ribbed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile, Kordofan & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn473-20" title="Oldenlandia"><span class= +"taxon bold">O. dolichantha</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Slender herb with subsimple stems. Leaves lanceolate, +acute, sessile, about 1¾ in. long, glabrous. Flowers white, +sweet-scented. Corolla very long, up to 5 in. long, very +slender.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn474"><span class= +"sn">474</span><span class="taxon bold">Mussænda luteola</span> +<em>Del.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub. One lobe of calyx enlarged into a yellow leaf. +Cor. 5-lobed, yellow, fragrant.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Singa); White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Mittu-land: near M’volo & Niamniam-land); Upper Sobat; +Mongalla Prov. (south of Gondokoro); Lake Rudolf.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn474-2" title="Mussaenda"><span class= +"taxon bold">M. arcuata</span> <em>Poir.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Climbing shrub. One lobe of calyx enlarged into a +white leaf. Cor. 5-lobed, yellow with purplish or orange, hairy +throat.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, Niamniam & Bongo lands); +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River District).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn474-3" title="Mussaenda"><span class= +"taxon bold">M. erythrophylla</span> <em>Schum.</em> & +<em>Thonn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub or climber. One lobe of calyx enlarged into a +red leaf. Cor. white or yellowish, tube densely reddish-hairy.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="p3">A handsome decorative plant.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn475"><span class= +"sn">475</span><span class="taxon bold">Anthospermum +pachyrrhizum</span> <em>Hiern.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Heath-like undershrub with fascicled, scabrid, linear +leaves, ⅔ in. long; stipules subulate. Calyx minute, 1-2 lobes +enlarged, leaf-like. Cor. funnel-shaped, 4-lobed. Fruit obovoid, +dicoccous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 8,200 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn476"><span class= +"sn">476</span><span class="taxon bold">Stipularia elliptica</span> +<em>Schwfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small, somewhat cottony shrub. Leaves elliptical, +apiculate, wedge-shaped or obtuse at base. Flowers white in +solitary axillary heads enclosed in 1 or 2 red or purple +bracts.</p> + +<p class="p2">Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn477"><span class= +"sn">477</span><span class="taxon bold">Tarenna nilotica</span> +<em>Hiern.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub, 20 ft. high. Leaves oval or obovate, papery. +Flowers ½ in. long, white, 5-merous, in dense sessile corymbs; cor. +salver-shaped. Berry globular.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn478"><span class= +"sn">478</span><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_262">[262]</span><span class="taxon bold">Randia +nilotica</span> <em>Stapf.</em> KHARUM or TAKIRNI (Baggara), ABU +MARFEIN (Bahr El Ghazal), SIMEIN & SHIDR EL MARFEIN (Baggara), +UMKALOL, UMSHALALO & YAU (Jongol’s Post)—Arab; UMDAMUN (Dilling) & +RŪT (Tagele)—Nuba; KULUJI—Bari; AGHEI (Goz El Siada)—Dinka; +DIG—Burun.</p> + +<p class="p2">Stiff, spinous shrub; spines opposite or alternate. +Leaves usually obovate, cuneate at base, 3 in. long. Flowers +usually creamy white, sometimes orange or greenish-yellow, solitary +or few together, almost axillary or on short lateral shoots, +pentamerous. Fruit subglobose, crowned by calyx lobes, up to 1½ in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung, Kordofan, Upper White Nile (Goz El Siada), Bahr +El Ghazal & Mongalla Provinces.</p> + +<p class="p3">The fruit is said to act as a fish poison and as an +antidote to arrow poison. It is a useful emetic.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn478-2" title="Randia"><span class= +"taxon bold">R. genipæflora</span> <em>DC.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Straggling shrub to small tree, unarmed. Leaves oval +or oblong, thin in texture, cuneate at base up to 6 in. long. +Flowers white, stellate, ¾ in. long, in short dense axillary cymes. +Fruit globose, ⅓ in. diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn478-3" title="Randia"><span class= +"taxon bold">R. sp.</span> KIRKIR (Baggara) & SOGHEIT (Fung)—Arab; +MAINTU (Dilling & J. Ghulfan) & TINTURING (J. Eliri)—Nuba.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tall shrub or small tree with large light green +leaves and fruit size of a small orange. Flowers not seen.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Roseires, edges of Khors); Nuba Mts. +Prov. (Dar Nuba).</p> + +<p class="p3">By the Nubas the fruit is said to be edible.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn478-4" title="Randia"><span class= +"taxon bold">R. malleifera</span> <em>Benth.</em> BIRKWA—Jur; +BLIPPO—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Ornamental puberulous shrub, 8-15 ft. high. Leaves +obovate-oblong, acuminate, opposite or apparently 3 together at end +of twigs by suppression of the node, the solitary pendulous flower +replacing the missing leaf. Corolla tawny hairy outside, white +inside; tube 3 in. long, slender; lobes ab. 2-3 in. in diam., +fragrant. Fruit globose, obscurely ribbed, 1½ in. across, crowned +by calyx lobes; style long, clapper-shaped.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shady Khors).</p> + +<p class="p3">Yields a black sap with which the Niamniams paint +their bodies.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn478-5" title="Randia"><span class= +"taxon bold">R. sp.</span> +</p> + +<p class="p2">Large shrub, no flowers seen; branchlets tomentose. +Leaves ovate-orbicular, softly pubescent on the nerves beneath, +about 3 in. broad. Young fruits ellipsoid, glabrous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Kagi Ko, Yei River, Sillitoe +333).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn478-6" title="Randia"><span class= +"taxon bold">R. macrantha</span> <em>DC.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Climbing shrub. Leaves oval or obovate-oblong, +deciduous,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_263">[263]</span> crowded +at ends of branches. Flowers solitary, pentamerous, fragrant. Cor. +green and white; tube slender; limb 2½ in. diam.; style long. Fruit +globose or pear-shaped, 1½ in. diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn479"><span class= +"sn">479</span><span class="taxon bold">Morelia senegalensis</span> +<em>A. Rich.</em> KUUM—Dinka; MUNDONGO or YAMALA—Golo; +BAKIWE—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Large shrub to small tree. Leaves oval or oblong, 2-7 +in. long. Flowers up to ½ in. long, white, fragrant, clustered in +axillary cymes. Fruit globose, ½ in. diam., green.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(watercourses).</p> + +<p class="p3">The straight stems are used for lance-shafts.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn480"><span class= +"sn">480</span><span class="taxon bold">Gardenia +Jovis-Tonantis</span> <em>Welw.</em> BAGGIS—Arab; MAMELE-BA—Bongo; +CHII—Golo; AKANJA—Jur.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub. Leaves ternate, oval or obovate. Flowers +solitary, terminal, aromatic, yellowish, 6-11-merous, 1-3 in. +across. Fruit more or less spindle-shaped, when ripe +subtranslucent, yellow.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Moru territory, +near Ayi River).</p> + +<p class="p3">Shrub very similar to <i>G. lutea</i>, very +ornamental. Fruit is edible and tastes like an inferior apple.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn480-2" title="Gardenia"><span class= +"taxon bold">G. Aqualla</span> <em>Stapf</em> & +<em>Hutchinson.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub, 4-7 ft. high. Leaves crowded at the ends of +the branches, elongate-obovate, about 6 in. long, scabrid above, +pubescent below. Flowers white, at length yellow; corolla +appressed-tomentose. Fruit ellipsoid, beaked, ribbed, 1½ in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn480-3" title="Gardenia"><span class= +"taxon bold">G. erubescens</span> <em>Stapf</em> & +<em>Hutchinson</em> (= <span class="taxon bold">G. Tinneæ</span> +<em>Vig.</em>).</p> + +<p class="p2">Tree, 15-20 ft.; branchlets softly tomentose. Leaves +verticillate, broadly obovate, glabrous, 4-6 in. long, often +reddish, Flowers yellow; corolla sparingly pubescent. Fruit +edible.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land, near Reggo).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn480-4" title="Gardenia"><span class= +"taxon bold">G. lutea</span> <em>Fresen.</em> ABBAKA, ABU GAWI & +BAGGIS—Arab; MAGAL (J. Daier)—Nuba; KUGO—Bongo; DAUNG (Bahr El +Ghazal) & DONG (or ADONG) (Mongalla) & DUNK—Dinka; DUFITI—Bari; +AKLIMBO or CHII—Golo; RUNDA—Hameg; ADWANG—Jur; M’BEGGE—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub, often spiny, the spines formed by abortive +branches. Leaves oval or obovate, up to 6 in. long, opposite or 3-4 +together. Flowers solitary, terminal, 6-10-merous; calyx often +spathaceous, slit on one side; cor. white or yellow, lobes up to 1½ +in. long, contorted. Fruit ovoid or globose, up to 4 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov.; White Nile +Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur & Niamniam-lands); South of Lat. +13° N.</p> + +<p class="p3">The roots, boiled with Dura flour are taken by +the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_264">[264]</span> natives as a +cure for Blackwater fever. Wood hard, dense, even-grained, +light-yellow, used for knife handles. Yields a fragrant resin +called ABU BEKA by Arabs. The fruit is a fish-poison.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn480-5" title="Gardenia"><span class= +"taxon bold">G. Vogelii</span> <em>Hook. f.</em> BIANGA—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub to small tree. Leaves dark-green, oval or +obovate, up to 10 in. long, opposite. Flowers solitary, terminal, +white, fragrant, 5-merous, ab. 6 in. long. Fruit +spindle-shaped.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land, Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="p3">The fruit yields a blue-black dye, used by the Azande +for staining their faces.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn480-6" title="Gardenia"><span class= +"taxon bold">G. urcelliformis</span> <em>Schwfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrubby. Leaves opposite or ternate, elliptical, 3-5 +in. long. Flowers solitary, terminal; ovary urn-shaped. Fruit +ovoid, 2 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the +Nabambisso River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn481"><span class= +"sn">481</span><span class="taxon bold">Amaralia heinsioides</span> +<em>Wernham.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Scandent shrub. Leaves broadly elliptic, subcordate +at the base, 7-8 in. long, about 4 in. broad, thin, glabrous. +Corolla bell-shaped, tubular at the base, white outside; lobes +rose, tomentose outside. Berry red.</p> + +<p class="p2">Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Diamvonu +River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn481-2" title="Amaralia"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. bignoniæflora</span> <em>Welw.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Scandent shrub or tree. Leaves evergreen, opposite, +oval, up to 9 in. long. Flowers axillary, solitary or geminate, +under 3 in. long; cor. white outside and purple inside, or orange +blotched with purple. Fruit oblong, 4 in. long, red.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn482"><span class= +"sn">482</span><span class="taxon bold">Macrosphyra +longistyla</span> <em>Hook. f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Scandent, tawny, hairy shrub. Leaves opposite, +hirsute, oval, ovate or obovate, up to 7 in. long, deciduous. +Flowers 2-3 in. long with style exserted by as much again, +subsessile and clustered at extremities of branches. Cor. +cream-coloured; style green. Berry pear-shaped or globose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn483"><span class= +"sn">483</span><span class="taxon bold">Oxyanthus formosus</span> +<em>Hook. f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous shrub, 10 ft. high. Leaves oval-oblong, +subauriculate, 8-11 in. long. Fl. 5-8 in. long, white, in axillary +ebracteolate panicles, not longer than the leaves.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn483-2" title="Oxyanthus"><span class= +"taxon bold">O. unilocularis</span> <em>Hiern.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub or small tree. Leaves oblong, +auriculate-cordate, 10-20 in. long. Flowers 4-6 in. long, white, in +branched axillary panicles shorter than leaves. Fruit globose, 1 +in. in diam., crowned with persistent calyx limb, 1-celled.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Khors near Deim Zubeir).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn483-3" title="Oxyanthus"><span class= +"taxon bold">O. macrophyllus</span> <em>Schwfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tree, 50-60 ft. high. Leaves oval or ovate-oblong, +subauriculate,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_265">[265]</span> +12-16 in. long. Flowers 6 in. long, white, in dense axillary +panicles. Fruit globose, fleshy, 2-celled with 1 seed in each +cell.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land, Jur-land).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn484"><span class= +"sn">484</span><span class="taxon bold">Feretia apodanthera</span> +<em>Del.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub, 10 ft. high. Leaves opp., oval, papery, 1½ in. +long. Flowers white, ¾ in. long, subsessile, clustered on short +lateral shoots; anthers sessile at the mouth of the corolla. Fruit +¼ in. in diameter.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land & Dar Fertit; between Wau & Deim +Zubeir).</p> + +<p class="p3">The fruit can be used as a substitute for coffee +(fide A. Rich).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn485"><span class= +"sn">485</span><span class="taxon bold">Tricalysia +niamniamensis</span> <em>Schwfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Puberulous shrub with straight branches. Stipules +intrapetiolar, broad-deltoid, apiculate, connate. Leaves elliptical +or lanceolate, narrowed to base, with tufts of hairs on axils of +veins, up to 3½ in. long. Flowers 3-10 together, ⅓ in. long, +subsessile, axillary. Berry pubescent, minute.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land, Niamniam-land); Bahr +El Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn485-2" title="Tricalysia"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. djurensis</span> <em>Hiern.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Puberulous shrub. Differs from above by leaves being +rounded or slightly hollowed at the base. Cor. greenish. Fruit +1-seeded, red.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn485-3" title="Tricalysia"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. okelensis</span> <em>Hiern.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub, 20 ft. high. Leaves elliptical or lanceolate, +papery. Flowers in axillary clusters, 5-7-merous; style somewhat +hairy above, 2-3-cleft. Berry ¼ in. diam., at first yellow, then +red.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Khor Okel).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn486"><span class= +"sn">486</span><span class="taxon bold">Guettarda sp.</span> +</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn487"><span class= +"sn">487</span><span class="taxon bold">Pentanisia +Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Hiern.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Dwarf herb, 3-6 in. high. Leaves oval or oblong, +obtuse; stipules 2-3 cuspidate. Flowers ½ in. long, lilac, sessile, +in branched heads. Fruit subglobose, puberulous, minute.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn488"><span class= +"sn">488</span><span class="taxon bold">Cremaspora africana</span> +<em>Benth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Pubescent subscandent shrub, with supra-axillary +spreading branches. Leaves dimorphous, oval to oblong, 4 in. long, +acuminate, or below the base of the branchlets auricled, +subreniform, up to 1½ in. in diam. Flowers 5-merous, white, +fragrant, under ½ in. long, subsessile, 2-6 in short axillary +clusters.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Khor Tela, Bongo, Niamniam & +Jur lands); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="p3">Fruits yield a blue colour like Indigo.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn489"><span class= +"sn">489</span><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_266">[266]</span><span class="taxon bold">Polysphæria +parvifolia</span> <em>Hiern.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub, 7 ft. high, with supra-axillary branchlets. +Leaves dimorphous, oval to ovate, rounded or subcordate at base, or +below the branchlets suborbicular and cordate. Flowers small, +4-merous, axillary, 3-5 together in sessile clusters. Berry ¼ in. +in diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn489-2" title="Polysphaeria"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Hiern.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Much branched shrub, 20 ft. high. Leaves +oblong-ovate, rounded or subcordate at base, up to 4 in. long. +Calyx persistent, 4-toothed. Berries 1-2 together, ¼ in. diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Malgo Stream).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn490"><span class= +"sn">490</span><span class="taxon bold">Canthium +zanzibaricum</span> <em>Klotzsch.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Unarmed shrub, sometimes scandent; branches at first +green, turning white. Leaves coriaceous, oval to ovate, obtusely +acuminate, rather unequal, under 5 in. long. Flowers minute, white, +in dense axillary panicles. Fruit 2-lobed, ½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam and Bongo lands).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn490-2" title="Canthium"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. polycarpum</span> <em>Schwfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tree, 40 ft. high, in habit not unlike a tree-fern. +Leaves oval, acuminate, papery. Fruits numerous, 2-lobed, ¼ in. +long, wrinkled; seeds horse-shoe shaped. Panicle sub-globose, +axillary, 2-3 in long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn490-3" title="Canthium"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. venosum</span> <em>Oliv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Unarmed shrub, tree or climber; young parts +rusty-hispid. Branches ashy; leaves oval-ovate to lanceolate, +subcoriaceous, with hairy depressions in axils of veins, up to 5 +in. long. Flowers minute, white, axillary, in globose panicles, 1 +in. in diam. Fruit globose, hard, ⅓ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo & Jur lands and near +Badari’s); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn490-4" title="Canthium"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. crassum</span> <em>Schwfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Unarmed shrub, 5-15 ft. high; bark corky-white. +Leaves subcoriaceous, obovate or oval, 6-9 in. long, opposite. +Flowers 4-5-merous, ¼ in. long, in lateral and axillary panicles, +below the young leaves.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur & Mittu lands).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn490-5" title="Canthium"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. nitens</span> <em>Hiern.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glossy, unarmed shrub; branches ashy, thickened at +nodes. Leaves coriaceous, shining, oval acuminate, up to 4 in. +long. Flowers axillary, numerous, umbellate. Fruit obovoid-oblong, +under ½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn490-6" title="Canthium"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. Schimperianum</span> <em>A. Rich.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Nearly glabrous arborescent shrub. Leaves ovate to +lanceolate, cuneate at base, subcoriaceous, glossy above, up to 2½ +in. long. Flowers small, yellow, axillary, umbellate. Fruit ¼ in. +long, obscurely wrinkled.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_267">[267]</span>Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn491"><span class= +"sn">491</span><span class="taxon bold">Vangueria venosa</span> +<em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Large shrub or small tree. Leaves opp., deciduous, +elliptical, narrowed to both ends, glabrous. Fl. greenish, in lax +lateral and axillary panicles, 1-2 in. in diam. Fruit subglobose, +4-5 sided, 1 in. in diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo +& Jur lands).</p> + +<p class="p3">Fruit is eaten.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn491-2" title="Vangueria"><span class= +"taxon bold">V. abyssinica</span> <em>A. Rich.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Unarmed shrub or small tree. Leaves elliptical, +velvety, 2-5 in. long; stipules caudate, from a broad connate base. +Fl. small, yellowish-green, in branched panicles, 1 in. in diam.; +cor. velvety outside. Fruit subglobose, 4-5 channelled.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli and Abu Sugra on the left bank +of the Blue Nile).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn491-3" title="Vangueria"><span class= +"taxon bold">V. apiculata</span> <em>K. Schum.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Scandent shrub. Leaves ovate, gradually acuminate, 3 +in. long, 1-1½ in. broad, glabrous. Cymes axillary, very shortly +pedunculate; pedicels softly tomentose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land); Mongalla Prov. +(Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn492"><span class= +"sn">492</span><span class="taxon bold">Meyna tetraphylla</span> +<em>Robyns.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Subscandent puberulous shrub, 20 ft. high, with +opposite spinous branches; spines ½-1 in. long, decussate or +opposite a spine-like branchlet. Leaves crowded on short shoots, +pseudo-verticillate in fours, oval, chartaceous. Fl. in short +axillary clusters on hairy stalks, 4-5-merous, very small; cor. +hairy.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Abu Gurun’s Zeriba); +Bahr El Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn493"><span class= +"sn">493</span><span class="taxon bold">Rytiginia pauciflora</span> +<em>Robyns.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Spinous shrub up to 15 ft. high; spines +supra-axillary, opposite, up to ⅓ in. long. Leaves ovate, obtusely +acuminate. Flowers small, solitary or 2 together; cor. glabrous +with 6-8 tailed lobes. Fruit ⅓ in. long, 3-4 ribbed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur & Niamniam lands).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn493-2" title="Rytiginia"><span class= +"taxon bold">R. euonymoides</span> <em>Blume.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Unarmed shrub, up to 20 ft. high. Leaves oval or +ovate, obtusely acuminate, obliquely narrowed at the base, +chartaceous with small tufts of hairs in axils of the lateral +nerves beneath. Fl. 2-3 together, minute; cor. throat hairy. Fruit +⅓ in. long, 3-5 ribbed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & +Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn494"><span class= +"sn">494</span><span class="taxon bold">Fadogia leucophlœa</span> +<em>Hiern.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Unarmed shrub. Leaves ovate-elliptic, obtusely +acuminate, shortly cuneate, about 2 in. long and 1 in. broad, +glabrous, bright green. Fl. clustered, crowded; calyx and +ovary<span class="pagenum" id="Page_268">[268]</span> pubescent; +corolla 6-lobed; disk hairy. Fruit 2-3 lobed or oblique, ⅓ in. +long, minutely pubescent.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land; Bongo-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn494-2" title="Fadogia"><span class= +"taxon bold">F. agrestis</span> <em>Schwfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herbaceous, hairy undershrub, 2 ft. high, branching +from the base. Leaves ternate, oval. Fl. hairy, in short axillary +panicles. Fruit ribbed, tipped by persistent calyx, ½ in. +broad.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn494-3" title="Fadogia"><span class= +"taxon bold">F. Cienkowskii</span> <em>Schwfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Hirsute undershrub, 2 ft. high. Leaves 3-4 together, +oval, obtuse, chartaceous; stipules apiculate. Fl. 1-3 on a short +axillary peduncle; cor. short, funnel-shaped; lobes 5-6. Drupe +globose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fadoga).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn494-4" title="Fadogia"><span class= +"taxon bold">F. glaberrima</span> <em>Schwfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous undershrub; branches ternate. Leaves +ternate, oval, subsessile. Fl. minute, 3 together on an axillary +peduncle; cor. greenish-white; lobes 5-6.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn495"><span class= +"sn">495</span><span class="taxon bold">Temnocalyx +ancylanthus</span> <em>Robyns.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Puberulous undershrub, 5 ft. high. Leaves ternate, +oval, chartaceous, glabrous, 1-3 in. long; stip. apiculate, +covering a ring of caducous white hairs. Fl. nearly 1 in. long, +greenish-white, 1-4 together on a short peduncle; cor. +funnel-shaped, 5-lobed; stigma 5-lobed at the tip.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur & Niamniam lands).</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">var. puberula</span> +<em>Robyns.</em></p> + +<p class="p4">Leaves pubescent on the nerves below.</p> + +<p class="p4">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn496"><span class= +"sn">496</span><span class="taxon bold">Craterispermum +laurinum</span> <em>Benth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub. Leaves yellowish-green on both sides, +opposite, obovate-oval, 2-9 in. long. Fl. ¼ in. long, in stalked +clusters, 1 in. in diam.; cor. white, funnel-shaped, ¾ in. diam. +Berry obliquely globular, ab. ¼ in. in diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land); Mongalla Prov. +(Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn496-2" title="Craterispermum"> +<span class="taxon bold">C. Schweinfurthii</span> +<em>Hiern.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Undershrub. Leaves pale yellowish-green on both +sides, oval acuminate, coriaceous, 5-6 in. long; stipules broadly +ovate, connate at base. Fl. white, ⅓ in. long, in somewhat +supra-axillary pedunculate heads. Berry black-purple, ⅜ in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn497"><span class= +"sn">497</span><span class="taxon bold">Ixora radiata</span> +<em>Hiern.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Large shrub, up to 20 ft. high. Leaves opposite, +evergreen, oval to narrow-elliptic, undulate, glossy, up to 12 in. +long. Fl. 2-3 in. long, rose-coloured, crowded in branched +clusters;<span class="pagenum" id="Page_269">[269]</span> cor. tube +slender, lobes ¼ in. long. Berry subglobose or subdidymous, ¼ in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn497-2" title="Ixora"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. sp.?</span> TURA (Baggara)—Arab; KURUWI (J. Eliri) +& TIMLEIRRUK (Kadugli)—Nuba.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub. Fl. not seen. Fruit a globular berry.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nuba Mts. Prov. (on rocks).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn498"><span class= +"sn">498</span><span class="taxon bold">Pavetta subcana</span> +<em>Hiern.</em> PALANJEKE—Golo.</p> + +<p class="p2">Small, hoary shrub. Leaves opp., oval, pubescent, 1-2 +in. long, rounded or emarginate at apex. Fl. ¾ in. long, crowded, +many together at ends of short naked branches; cor. tube slender, +pubescent, lobes 4. Berry fleshy, pea-shaped.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn498-2" title="Pavetta"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. genipæfolia</span> <em>Sch.</em> & +<em>Thonn.?</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub. Leaves elliptic, acuminate, chartaceous, at +first hirsute-pubescent, 3-9 in. long. Fl. ⅔ in. long, in dense, +globose panicles, 2-4 in. diam.; calyx-lobes obovate-oblong, +foliaceous, ½ in. long; cor. tube slender. Fr. globose, ⅓ in. +diam., crowned by persistent calyx, shining, with scattered +hairs.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the +Nabambisso River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn498-3" title="Pavetta"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. gardeniæfolia</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous shrub, 10 ft. high. Leaves narrowly +elliptical or obovate, often marked with immersed glands, 1-3 in. +long; stip. ovate, apiculate, covering caducous hairs. Fl. +4-merous, white, ½ in. long, in drooping corymbs, up to 1½ in. +long. Berry fleshy, ¼ in. in diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (J. Marra 6,800 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn498-4" title="Pavetta"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. Oliveriana</span> <em>Hiern.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Velvety-hairy shrub. Leaves oval, subacuminate, up to +4 in. long. Fl. white, 4-merous, 1½ in. long, in dense terminal +corymbs, 5 in. in diam. Berry fleshy.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn498-5" title="Pavetta"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. Baconia</span> <em>Hiern.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Large shrub or small tree. Leaves elliptical, +acuminate, 3-8 in. long. Fl. white, 4-merous, ab. ¼ in. long, in +dense terminal corymbs 2-3 in. across, with 2 foliaceous bracts at +the base; cor. throat bearded. Berry 2-channelled.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Bongo-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn498-6" title="Pavetta"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. ruwenzoriensis</span> <em>S. Moore.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub. Leaves elliptic, acuminate, thinly pubescent +on both sides, 5 in. long. Flowers in dense terminal corymbs. Calyx +lobes linear. Corolla nearly 1 in. long, pure white. Anthers +dark.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn498-7" title="Pavetta"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_270">[270]</span><span class="taxon bold">P. +near P. ruwenzoriensis</span> <em>S. Moore.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Like the preceding, but corymbs axillary and terminal +and leaves narrowly obovate, glabrous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn499"><span class= +"sn">499</span><span class="taxon bold">Coffea sp.</span> (= +<span class="taxon bold">C. liberica</span> <em>Hiern?</em>).</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub. Leaves broadly elliptic, acute at the base, +about 10 in. long and 5 in. broad, papery, glabrous. Flowers large. +Corolla about 1¼ in. long. Anthers exserted, ⅓ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn500"><span class= +"sn">500</span><span class="taxon bold">Rutidea olenotricha</span> +<em>Hiern.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Climbing shrub with opposite, shortly tomentose +branches. Leaves opp., obovate-oval, with hairy tufts beneath in +axils of lateral nerves, up to 5½ in. long. Flowers 5-merous, in +little heads collected in terminal pyramidal panicles; cor. +whitish, hairy outside, with unpleasant smell. Fruit pea-shaped, +fleshy.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn500-2" title="Rutidea"><span class= +"taxon bold">R. sp.</span> +</p> + +<p class="p2">Climbing shrub. Leaves oblong-elliptic, rounded at +the base, 4 in. long, 1¾ in. broad. Fruits globose, ¼ in. diam., +glabrous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land, Schwfth. 3113).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn501"><span class= +"sn">501</span><span class="taxon bold">Morinda lucida</span> +<em>Benth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small tree; branchlets rounded. Leaves elliptic, 6 +in. long, 3 in. broad, shining. Peduncles in pairs, slender. Fruit +a deeply lobed syncarpium.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (between Meshra El Rek & +Tonj).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn501-2" title="Morinda"><span class= +"taxon bold">M. longiflora</span> <em>G. Don.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub, often scandent. Leaves opp., oval, acuminate, +2-6 in. long; stipules short, broad, connate and sheathing. Fl. 1-2 +in. long, 3-8 together in terminal heads; cor. white or +copper-coloured, 6-lobed. Fr. a succulent syncarpium, 1½ in. in +diam., orange-coloured.</p> + +<p class="p2">Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn502"><span class= +"sn">502</span><span class="taxon bold">Psychotria sulphurea</span> +<em>Schwfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Puberulous undershrub, 5 ft. high. Leaves ovate or +oval, 5-6 in. long; stip. broadly ovate, 3-pointed. Fl. ⅛ in. long, +sulphur-coloured, crowded in terminal, simple or branched cymes. +Berry 2-lobed, ¼ in. in diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo & Niamniam lands).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn502-2" title="Psychotria"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. cristata</span> <em>Hiern.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrubby. Leaves oval or elliptical, acuminate, 3-7 +in. long, margins revolute. Fl. minute, 5-merous, in dense +corymbose cymes; cor. white with yellow throat, lobes keeled and +crested on back. Fr. subglobose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. & Belgian Congo +(Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn502-3" title="Psychotria"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Hiern.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrubby creeping plant. Leaves opp., oval or +elliptical.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_271">[271]</span> Fl. ¼ +in. long, in crowded terminal panicles; cor. funnel-shaped, throat +thinly hairy. Fr. subglobose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn502-4" title="Psychotria"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. mucronata</span> <em>Hiern.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous undershrub, 3 ft. high. Leaves oval; stip. +ovate, longer than the petiole, bifid. Fl. cymose; cor. white, +5-lobed, sweet-scented like the Elder. Fruit subglobose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn502-5" title="Psychotria"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. nubica</span> <em>Del.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous shrub, 7 ft. high. Leaves elliptical, 3 in. +long; stip. triangular. Fl. ½ in. long, 5-merous, 3-6 together, in +3-branched terminal cymes. Fruit subglobose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Singa).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn503"><span class= +"sn">503</span><span class="taxon bold">Geophila uniflora</span> +<em>Hiern.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Creeping perennial, rooting at the nodes. Leaves +reniform, cordate, 1-2 in. long, opposite; stip. ovate or rounded, +1 line long. Fl. solitary, white, ⅓ in. long, bracteate at base; +cor. throat densely bearded. Fr. ovoid, ⅙ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Hoo +River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn503-2" title="Geophila"><span class= +"taxon bold">G. involucrata</span> <em>Schwfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Creeping puberulous herb. Leaves almost round; stip. +semicircular. Fl. enclosed in cup-shaped involucre of oval bracts, +white, ⅓ in. long. Fr. fleshy, pea-shaped.</p> + +<p class="p2">Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn504"><span class= +"sn">504</span><span class="taxon bold">Cephaëlis suaveolens</span> +<em>Schwfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Undershrub, 3-5 ft. high. Leaves opp., oval; stip. +broadly oval, connate at base, bifid, puberulous. Fl. ab. ¼ in. +long, 5-merous, white, sweet-scented, crowded in subterminal and +axillary, solitary heads, 1 in. in diam., with 4 involucral bracts. +Berry oval, 12-grooved.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: near Okel).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn505"><span class= +"sn">505</span><span class="taxon bold">Diodia breviseta</span> +<em>Benth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Trailing or scandent herb, with scabrid, quadrangular +branches. Leaves opp., elliptical, 1-2 in. long, margins scabrid or +serrulate; stipules of 5 bristles arising from a short truncate +base. Fl. white, 4-merous, sessile, few or several together, +axillary. Fr. dicoccous, ⅙ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: near the Boddo +River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn506"><span class= +"sn">506</span><span class="taxon bold">Gaillonia +calycoptera</span> <em>Jaub.</em> & <em>Spach.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Rigid undershrub, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves opp. linear, +fleshy, sessile, ¼-1 in. long; stipules sheathing, each with 2 +bristles and adnate to the base of the leaves. Fl. small, sessile, +or nearly so, solitary or few together, sheathed at base by a pale, +calyx-like, 6-cleft involucre, in simple or alternately branched +terminal spikes. Fruit dicoccous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Soturba).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn507"><span class= +"sn">507</span><span class="taxon bold">Spermacoce +tenuissima</span> <em>Schwfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Very slender glabrous annual. Leaves opp., +scabrous,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_272">[272]</span> sessile, +narrow-linear, acute; stip. truncate and tipped with 1-4 bristles +(setæ). Fl. 4-merous in small axillary and terminal sessile heads +based by 2 pairs of leaves at right angles to each other; cor. +purplish. Fr. dicoccous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn507-2" title="Spermacoce"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. Phyteuma</span> <em>Schwfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stiff hispid annual, 2 ft. high. Leaves scabrous, +sessile, linear-lanceolate, 1-3 in. long. Fl. pale-purple in dense +axillary and terminal heads based by 1-3 pairs of leaves. Fr. +dicoccous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn507-3" title="Spermacoce"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. senensis</span> <em>Hiern.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb. Leaves opp., sessile, lanceolate or elliptical, +with scabrous margins; stipules with hairy sheath and 5-7 setæ. Fl. +white, ¼ in. long, in axillary sessile, verticillate heads based by +1-2 pairs of leaves. Capsule straw-coloured, ⅙ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Saoleil); Upper White Nile Prov.; Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn507-4" title="Spermacoce"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. hebecarpa</span> <em>Oliv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Slender annual, 18 in. high; branches 4-angled. +Leaves opp., sessile, linear, scabrid on the margins, 2 in. long; +stip. with hairy sheath and 3-5 setæ. Fl. in axillary and terminal, +sessile, leafy heads based by the dilated sheath of the stip. of +1-3 pairs of leaves. Fr. pubescent.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur +Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">var. major</span> +<em>Schwfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">More robust than type and up to 2 ft. high. Leaves up +to 3 in. long. Bracteoles very numerous, longer than subulate calyx +teeth.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur +Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn507-5" title="Spermacoce"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. leucadea</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect annual with whitish hairs; stems and branches +4-angled. Leaves linear or lanceolate, sessile, scabrous, 1-2 in. +long; stipules yellowish, with 5 bristles. Fl. small, 4-merous, in +axillary and terminal, verticillate and capitate, leafy heads. +Capsule ¼ in. long, hairy above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn507-6" title="Spermacoce"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. radiata</span> <em>Sieber.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Hirsute annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves opp., sessile, +linear, hispid on the midrib beneath, 2½ in. long; stip. with 7-9 +slender bristles. Fl. small, white, in dense clusters, up to 1 in. +diam., at the ends of stem and branches.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn507-7" title="Spermacoce"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. Ruelliæ</span> <em>DC.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Hispid herb; branches 4-angled. Leaves opp., sessile, +nearly linear, up to 3 in. long; stip. with 7 slender bristles. +Fl.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_273">[273]</span> white, small, +verticillate in axils and terminal; clusters sessile. Fr. +dicoccous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn507-8" title="Spermacoce"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. Kotschyana</span> <em>Oliv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Procumbent or erect herb, 18 in. high, 4-angled, +scabrous. Leaves opp., sessile, linear, up to 3 in. long. Fl. +small, in dense verticillate axillary and terminal, leafy and +bracteolate heads 1 in. in diam.; bracteoles pale-red, filiform. +Fr. pubescent, dicoccous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Shambé).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn507-9" title="Spermacoce"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. compacta</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, 8-16 in. high; stem marked with raised lines. +Leaves opp., linear to oval, 1-2 in. long, scabrous on margins. Fl. +small, in dense verticillate, leafy, sessile terminal and axillary +heads, ½ to ¾ in. diam. Capsule minute, puberulous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (J. +Kon).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn507-10" title="Spermacoce"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. dibrachiata</span> <em>Oliv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Rigid herb, 18 in. high, white-hispid. Leaves +lanceolate with revolute margins, 2-3 in. long. Fl. ¾ in. long, +sky-blue or purple, in dense terminal sessile heads based by the +dilated stip. of the uppermost leaves. Fruit dicoccous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn507-11" title="Spermacoce"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. globosa</span> <em>Schum.</em> & +<em>Thonn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Undershrub, 2-3 ft. high; branchlets 4-angled. Leaves +opp., narrow-elliptic, 2½ in. long; stip. with 3-7 bristles. Fl. +small, white, in terminal globose clusters based by the reflexed or +obsolete upper pair of leaves. Fr. dicoccous.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn507-12" title="Spermacoce"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. sphærostigma</span> <em>A. Rich.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, 2½ ft. high. Leaves opp., lanceolate, up to 4 +in. long; stip. with 5-7 bristles. Fl. ½ in. long in dense sessile, +terminal and axillary heads, exceeded by the uppermost, spreading +leaves. Fr. dicoccous, bursting round the base.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr +El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn508"><span class= +"sn">508</span><span class="taxon bold">Octodon filifolium</span> +<em>Schum.</em> & <em>Thonn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves opp., filiform up +to 4 in. long. Fl. 10-20 together within the stipular sheath of the +upper leaves and surrounded by numerous filiform bracts; calyx +teeth 8, purple; cor. lobes 4, white. Fr. dicoccous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, swampy +places).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn509"><span class= +"sn">509</span><span class="taxon bold">Mitracarpum scabrum</span> +<em>Zucc.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Sturdy branched annual 1-2 ft. high. Leaves opp., +oval or oblong, 1-2½ in. long, with scabrous margins; stip. with +5-7 bristles. Fl. white in verticillate and terminal heads. Fr. +more or less 2-lobed, bursting in a ring round the middle, the +upper portion somewhat like a mitre.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Kordofan +Prov.;<span class="pagenum" id="Page_274">[274]</span> Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Gondokoro, Muriel +S/93); Darfur Prov. (Zalingei).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn510"><span class= +"sn">510</span><span class="taxon bold">Rubia discolor</span> +<em>Turcz.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Scabrous, scandent, perennial; branches 4-angled. +Leaves verticillate, ovate, cordate, hoary-tomentose beneath, up to +2 in. long, 3-5 nerved. Fl. small, in axillary and terminal cymes. +Fr. 2-lobed, fleshy.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Jebel (“beyond 2½° N. lat.”).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn511"><span class= +"sn">511</span><span class="taxon bold">Galium Aparine</span> +<em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Scandent scabrid annual with 4-angled branches. +Leaves 6-9 in a whorl, linear to narrow-elliptic, finely prickly on +the margins, up to 1 in. long, 1-nerved. Fl. small, white or +greenish. Fr. minute, covered with hooked hairs.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit and Has Has).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn511-2" title="Galium"><span class= +"taxon bold">G. simense</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Prostrate, glabrous and angular herb, ab. 1 ft. long. +Leaves 6 in a whorl, linear, 1-nerved. Fl. purple, 3 together at +ends of short lateral branches. Fr. 2-lobed, coriaceous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Soturba).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn511-3" title="Galium"><span class= +"taxon bold">G. Decaisnei</span> <em>Boiss.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, 6-9 in. high. Leaves 6 in a whorl, the upper +linear, 1-nerved, the lower spathulate. Fl. purple, minute, in +slender divaricate, terminal panicles.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Soturba).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn511-4" title="Galium"><span class= +"taxon bold">G. rotundifolium</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial; stems angular, hispidulous. Leaves 4 in a +whorl, oval, 3-nerved, bristly on margins, ¾ in. long. Fl. small, +white in terminal branched panicles, 4-merous. Fr. +bristly-hairy.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (Jebel Marra, 9,200 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn511-5" title="Galium"><span class= +"taxon bold">G. Mollugo</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Nearly glabrous perennial. Leaves 6-8 in a whorl, +linear 1-nerved, ½ in. long, finely scabrid on margins. Fl. small, +white, in branched terminal panicles. Fr. very small, subrugose, +coriaceous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn511-6" title="Galium"><span class= +"taxon bold">G. sp.</span> +</p> + +<p class="p2">Very small delicate herb with thread-like branches. +Leaves whorled, linear, ⅛ in. long. Flowers minute, on very slender +pedicels. Ovary villous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="composit">COMPOSITÆ.</h4> + +<p class="p2"><em>A. Flower-heads homogamous; florets all tubular +and hermaphrodite, white, rose, purple or violet, never distinctly +yellow. Leaves alternate or with all or only lower leaves +opposite.</em> +</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn512"><span class= +"sn">512</span><span class="taxon bold">Sparganophorus +Vaillantii</span> <em>Gærtn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous annual. Leaves alternate, linear-lanceolate +to<span class="pagenum" id="Page_275">[275]</span> elliptical. +Flower-heads ab. ⅓ in. in diam.; bracts numerous; involucre +hemispherical.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the +Nabambisso River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn513"><span class= +"sn">513</span><span class="taxon bold">Ethulia conyzoides</span> +<em>Linn.</em> HASHISH EL FARRAS, RIHAN & UMREHAUN (Meshra El +Zeraf)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Branched herb, ab. 3 ft. high. Capitula of purple +florets, up to ¼ in. broad, in diffuse corymbose cymes; invol. +bracts numerous. Leaves linear to narrow elliptic, 1-5 in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile +Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Niamniam-land); Mongalla Prov.; Darfur +Prov.; Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn514"><span class= +"sn">514</span><span class="taxon bold">Erlangea cordifolia</span> +<em>Benth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect branching herb. Leaves alternate, amplexicaul, +sessile, serrulate, scabrid above and hoary beneath, 1-3 in. long. +Capitula campanulate ab. ⅓ in. diam.; florets purple.</p> + +<p class="p2">Upper White Nile Prov. (Kodok).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn514-2" title="Erlangea"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. Rüppellii</span> <em>Sch. Bip.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Hoary-tomentose herb, ½-2 ft. high. Leaves alternate, +or the lower opp., linear-lanceolate, 1-2½ in. long. Capitula ab. ⅓ +in. in diam., in diffuse terminal corymbose cymes.</p> + +<p class="p2">Upper White Nile Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn514-3" title="Erlangea"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. polycephala</span> <em>O.</em> & <em>H.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect, more or less hoary-tomentose herb. Upper +leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 1-2 in. long, base sessile, +obtuse or amplexicaul. Capitula small in diffuse cymose +panicles.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur to Meshra, +Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn515"><span class= +"sn">515</span><span class="taxon bold">Vernonia jugalis</span> +<em>O.</em> & <em>H.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb 7-8 ft. high. Leaves obovate or oval, cuspidate, +softly tomentose beneath, 1-3 in. long; capitula campanulate, ab. +30-flowered, ab. ½ in. long, in dense corymbose cymes 6 in. in +diam.; florets rose-lilac.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn515-2" title="Vernonia"><span class= +"taxon bold">V. atriplicifolia</span> <em>Jaub.</em> & +<em>Spach.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Undershrub, ab. 3 ft. high, covered with close stiff +silky hairs and scattered sessile glands. Leaves (as with others in +this genus) alternate, ovate to rhomboidal with 1-3 coarse teeth on +each side, up to 1 in. long. Capitula ab. 12-flowered in a diffuse +leafy panicle, red or purplish.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Suakin).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn515-3" title="Vernonia"><span class= +"taxon bold">V. turbinata</span> <em>Oliv.</em> & +<em>Hiern.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Large herb, closely white-tomentose. Leaves +subsessile, elliptic-oblong, entire or denticulate, scabrous above, +2½ in. long. Capitula turbinate, many-flowered, ⅔ in. wide, purple, +in an elongated terminal panicle.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Jebel (Madi woods).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn515-4" title="Vernonia"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_276">[276]</span><span class="taxon bold">V. +Perrottetii</span> <em>Sch. Bip.</em> AKIEIRA (Goz el +Siada)—Dinka.</p> + +<p class="p2">Pubescent or puberulous annual, up to 2 ft. high. +Leaves narrow-linear, scabrid, up to 2 in. long. Capitula ab. 1 in. +diam., campanulate, purple, solitary, terminating the numerous +branches.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (Hillet Nu); Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn515-5" title="Vernonia"><span class= +"taxon bold">V. violacea</span> <em>O.</em> & <em>H.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect herb, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves subsessile, +obovate-oblong, crenate-dentate, up to 3 in. long. Cap. +hemispherical, many-flowered ab. ⅔ in. wide, solitary, terminating +numerous naked peduncles, 1-3 in. long. Inner pappus +violaceous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn515-6" title="Vernonia"><span class= +"taxon bold">V. ambigua</span> <em>Kotschy</em> & +<em>Peyr.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect, pilose annual ½-2 ft. high. Leaves sessile, +with subauricled base, oblanceolate to linear-oblanceolate, up to 4 +in. long. Cap. hemispherical ab. ¾ in. diam., in terminal corymbose +cymes, up to 1 ft. diam.; cor. purple.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Bahr El Jebel +(Madi woods).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn515-7" title="Vernonia"><span class= +"taxon bold">V. undulata</span> <em>O.</em> & <em>H.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect, puberulous herb, ab. 2 ft. high. Leaves +lanceolate and ovate, undulate, 1-2 in. long. Cap. ab. 20-flowered, +ab. ⅓ in. across, in a lax corymbose cyme 6 in. across; flowers +rose-blue.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land, near Gumba).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn515-8" title="Vernonia"><span class= +"taxon bold">V. cinerascens</span> <em>Sch. Bip.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Very like <i>V. atriplicifolia</i>; differs chiefly +by its setaceous pappus.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn515-9" title="Vernonia"><span class= +"taxon bold">V. Smithiana</span> <em>Less.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, 1-2 ft. high, woody at base and silvery-hairy. +Leaves subsessile, lanceolate-oblong to ovate-elliptic, silvery +beneath, up to 2½ in. long. Heads hemispherical, ab. 1/5 in. wide, +ab. 15-flowered, in small terminal panicles.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn515-10" title="Vernonia"><span class= +"taxon bold">V. plumbaginifolia</span> <em>Fenzl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, ab. 2 ft. high; stock woody. Leaves +obovate-oblong or the upper linear, up to 1½ in. long. Heads +campanulate, many-flowered, ⅓ in. across in much branched terminal +cymes.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Bongo-land: forest glades, Gir).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn515-11" title="Vernonia"><span class= +"taxon bold">V. purpurea</span> <em>Sch. Bip.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Rigid scabrid herb up to 4 ft. high. Leaves +elliptic-oblong, acute, serrulate, scabrous, up to 6 in. long. Cap. +hemispherical, many-flowered, dull purple, ¾-1½ in. diam., solitary +or in few-headed terminal cymes.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Jebel (Madi woods).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn515-12" title="Vernonia"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_277">[277]</span><span class="taxon bold">V. +Unionis</span> <em>Schultz Bip.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect, thinly tomentose herb, 3-4 ft. high. Leaves +ovate or ovate-lanceolate, upper lanceolate dentate-serrate, up to +6 in. long. Heads many-flowered, rose-purple, ½ in. diam., in a +terminal panicled corymb ¼-1 ft. diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn515-13" title="Vernonia"><span class= +"taxon bold">V. pauciflora</span> <em>Less.</em> GALANVA (Meshra El +Zeraf)—Dinka.</p> + +<p class="p2">Erect, pubescent annual, 1-4 ft. high. Leaves +elongated, acutely attenuate at both ends, serrulate, up to 6 in. +long, dull yellowish green. Heads ab. 1 in. across, purple, in a +terminal, forking, often leafy, cyme 6-12 in. long, and 3-6 in. +wide.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); +Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); Darfur +Prov. (Zalingei).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn515-14" title="Vernonia"><span class= +"taxon bold">V. amygdalina</span> <em>Del.</em> SURIB—Arab; +HAIFERET—Rashida; TEIDE (Dilling)—Nuba; SHUGEIT—Hameg.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub or small tree. Leaves lanceolate or +lanceolate-oblong, narrowed both ends, 4-8 in. long. Cap. ab. +20-flowered, ⅛-¼ in. wide, white, in dense, much branched globose +or pyramidal panicles 4-12 in. diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Jebel Marra: Wadi Gindi, +7,000 ft.); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli & Jongol’s Post); White Nile, +Kordofan & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn515-15" title="Vernonia"><span class= +"taxon bold">V. inulæfolia</span> <em>Steud.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect scabrous herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves ovate, or +upper lanceolate, distantly serrulate 1-4 in. long; petioles +somewhat clasping at the base, 2 lines long. Heads ab. ½ in. diam., +many-flowered, in small terminal corymbs, 1½-3 in. diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn515-16" title="Vernonia"><span class= +"taxon bold">V. infundibularis</span> <em>O.</em> & <em>H.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall glabrous herb. Leaves linear to linear-oblong, +entire, 1-3½ in. long, subsessile. Heads turbinate, many-flowered, +1-1½ in. diam, bluish violet, solitary or few together on peduncles +up to 2½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: near +Kulensho).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn515-17" title="Vernonia"><span class= +"taxon bold">V. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>O.</em> & <em>H.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial branching from a woody stock, ab. 1 ft. +high. Leaves linear, subsessile, almost glabrous, ½-2 in. long. +Heads turbinate-hemispherical, reddish violet, ab. ½ in. diam., on +peduncles up to 3 in. long, solitary or in corymbose cymes.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo, Jur & Mittu lands).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn515-18" title="Vernonia"><span class= +"taxon bold">V. gerberæformis</span> <em>O.</em> & <em>H.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Dwarf perennial ab. 6 in. high. Leaves radical, +oblanceolate, denticulate, glabrous, 4-6 in. long. Scapes up to 1½ +in. long, bearing 1 or more linear bracts. Heads +widely-campanulate, ab. 1 in. long, solitary erect. Fl. bluish.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Addai).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn515-19" title="Vernonia"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_278">[278]</span><span class="taxon bold">V. +Kotschyana</span> <em>Sch. Bip.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall erect herb. Leaves oblong-elliptical to +oblanceolate, 2-6 in. long. Heads 1½-2 in. diam., solitary or in +lax terminal cymes; cor. violet; inner scales of invol. +wavy-linear-lanceolate, scarious.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (Mulbes); Upper White Nile +Prov. (from Sobat south); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongoland); +Mongalla Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Kulme).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn515-20" title="Vernonia"><span class= +"taxon bold">V. firma</span> <em>O.</em> & <em>H.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb; branches grooved, softly tomentose. Leaves +elliptical, narrowed both ends, serrate-dentate, green and glabrous +above, pale, tinged with red beneath. Heads campanulate, +many-flowered ab. ½ in. diam., in a stiff corymbose cyme, leafy +below, 6 in. diam; fl. rose-blue, ½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Linduku +stream).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn515-21" title="Vernonia"><span class= +"taxon bold">V. pumila</span> <em>Kotschy</em> & <em>Peyr.</em> +BUTRUNGU—Golo.</p> + +<p class="p2">Dwarf herb from perennial rootstock, 2-4 in. high, +more or less leafless at flowering time. Heads 1-1½ in. diam., +solitary or cymose; fl. purple.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (grassy plains); Bahr El Jebel +(Madi woods).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn515-22" title="Vernonia"><span class= +"taxon bold">V. Aschersonii</span> <em>Sch. Bip.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Diffuse shrubby herb, ab. 1 ft. high, extremities and +leaves white pubescent. Leaves oblanceolate, sessile, up to 1½ in. +long. Heads campanulate, ab. 20-flowered, ⅓ in. broad, on slender +pedicels, ab. 1 in. long, in numerous lax terminal cymes; cor. +purple.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (Prairies 20-80 m. N.E. of El Fasher); +Red Sea Prov. (near Talug Hilla).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn515-23" title="Vernonia"><span class= +"taxon bold">V. theophrastifolia</span> <em>Schwfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Ab. 15 ft. high. Upper leaves oblanceolate, +denticulate, obtuse, base sessile auricled amplexicaul, scurfy +above, puberulous beneath, 13½ in. long. Heads subsessile, ab. +8-flowered, clustered 1-4 together, campanulate, ¼ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the +Nabambisso River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn515-24" title="Vernonia"><span class= +"taxon bold">V. Thomsoniana</span> <em>O.</em> & <em>H.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub with grooved, obscurely angular branches. +Leaves elliptic-oblong, attenuate to the narrow-winged petiole, 3-4 +in. long. Heads ⅙ in. diam., campanulate-oblong, closely crowded in +corymbose terminal panicles, 6 in. across.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: below Kero & +Reggo); Bahr El Jebel (Madi); Darfur Prov. (Kulme?).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn515-25" title="Vernonia"><span class= +"taxon bold">V. conferta</span> <em>Benth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tree, 20-25 ft. high with stout tomentose branches. +Leaves obovate or elliptic-oblong, sinuous, thinly tomentose +beneath, 1-3 ft. long. Heads ⅓ in. long, 10-18-flowered, in +spiciform<span class="pagenum" id="Page_279">[279]</span> racemes +arranged in ample terminal panicles; cor. greenish-white.</p> + +<p class="p2">Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Diagbe +River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn515-26" title="Vernonia"><span class= +"taxon bold">V. sp.</span> +</p> + +<p class="p2">Small tree. Leaves oblanceolate, 2-2½ in. long, +stellate-pubescent, denticulate. Heads cymose. Bracts chaffy. +Achenes deeply grooved, pubescent Pappus straw-coloured.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (on alluvium at Tonj, N. 313 +S.G.H.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn515-27" title="Vernonia"><span class= +"taxon bold">V. sp.</span> +</p> + +<p class="p2">Weak herb. Leaves obovate, remotely toothed, 2 in. +long, softly pubescent. Invol. bracts linear, very acute, ⅙ in. +long pubescent.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Bor. 1631 S.G.H.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn516"><span class= +"sn">516</span><span class="taxon bold">Triplotaxis +stellulifera</span> <em>Hutchinson.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Diffuse decumbent annual, 2 ft. high. Leaves +alternate, ovate, ½ in. to nearly 2 in. long. Heads +broad-campanulate, ab. ⅙ in. wide, ab. 20-flowered, in loose +corymbose cymes; fl. violet.</p> + +<p class="p2">Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Assika +River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn517"><span class= +"sn">517</span><span class="taxon bold">Elephantopus scaber</span> +<em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect villous or hirsute herb, 2-8 ft. high. Leaves +alternate, oblanceolate to obovate-elliptic or oblong, +crenate-serrate with minute mucros on the tips of the serratures, +scabrid above, pubescent beneath, 4-8 in. long; petiole +amplexicaul. Heads ½ to ¾ in. diam. with an involucre of 3-5 ovate +rotundate bracts.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="p3">Said to possess febrifugal and diuretic +properties.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn518"><span class= +"sn">518</span><span class="taxon bold">Adenostemma viscosum</span> +<em>Forst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves opp., ovate, cuneate at +base, serrate or crenate-dentate up to 6 in. long; pet. up to 2½ +in. long. Heads ab. ⅓ in. wide in usually viscous pubescent +axillary and terminal panicles; cor. white.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Tuhami’s +Zeriba).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn519"><span class= +"sn">519</span><span class="taxon bold">Ageratum conyzoides</span> +<em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Hirsute herb. Leaves opp., or upper alternate, ovate, +obtuse, base narrowed, crenate, 1-3 in. long. Heads ¼ in. diam., in +dense terminal panicled corymbs. Fl. white to lilac or purple.</p> + +<p class="p2">Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River).</p> + +<p class="p3">An invading weed in most parts of the Tropics.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn520"><span class= +"sn">520</span><span class="taxon bold">Eupatorium africanum</span> +<em>O.</em> & <em>H.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Pubescent. Leafy herb, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves +alternate, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, base rounded, 3-nerved, 3 in. +long. Heads ab. 5-flowered, ⅙ in. wide, in dense terminal, +corymbose cymes, 1½-4 in. broad. Fl. white or purple.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: south of +Gumba).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn521"><span class= +"sn">521</span><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_280">[280]</span><span class="taxon bold">Mikania +scandens</span> <em>Willd.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Twiner, ab. 40 ft. high. Leaves opp., from ovate to +deltoid or hastate, base cordate or auricled, 1-5 in. long; pet. +½-5 in. long. Heads ab. ¼ in. long, subsessile in terminal and +axillary corymbose panicles. Fl. purplish, white or pale +yellow.</p> + +<p class="p2">Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: near the Mbrwole +River).</p> + +<p class="famsect"><em>B. Flower-heads various, mostly</em> (1) +<em>heterogamous; outer (ray) florets, usually female, sometimes +neuter, ligulate, tubular or filiform; inner (disk) florets +tubular, hermaphrodite, rarely wholly sterile;</em> (2) +<em>homogamous by suppression of ray florets, tubular or +campanulate and hermaphrodite;</em> (3) <em>unisexual. Corolla +white, largely yellow, but also pink, purple or blue.</em></p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn522"><span class= +"sn">522</span><span class="taxon bold">Microtrichia +Perrottetii</span> <em>DC.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Pubescent herb, 1 ft. high. Leaves alt., obovate, +coarsely toothed, 1½ in. long. Heads many-flowered, small, yellow, +heterogamous. Fl. tubular, denticulate, disk campanulate 5-fid.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: by the Tonj River +near Addai).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn523"><span class= +"sn">523</span><span class="taxon bold">Dichrocephala +latifolia</span> <em>DC.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect herb, 5 ft. high. Leaves alt., lyrate, 1½-3 in. +long. Heads subglobose, heterog.; fem. fl. white, tubular, 2-3 +dentate; hermaphr. fl. purple campanulate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn524"><span class= +"sn">524</span><span class="taxon bold">Grangea +maderaspatana</span> <em>Poir.</em> RIMITH (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; +RUBEL—Rashida; KEIRANI—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Hairy herb up to 1 ft. Leaves alt., obovate, +pinnatifid, ½-3 in. long. Heads yellow, small, 1-3 together, +terminal or leaf-opposed, heterog.; fem. fl. narrow tubular, +2-4-fid; hermaphr. fl. campanulate, 4-5-fid.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; White +Nile Prov. (Jebelein); Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. +(Meshra El Zeraf); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongoland: Tonj River); +Karawan.</p> + +<p class="p3">The leaves are valued for their anodyne properties; +they are also said to be stomachic and anti-spasmodic.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn525"><span class= +"sn">525</span><span class="taxon bold">Ceruana pratensis</span> +<em>Forsk.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Hairy herb, 2 ft. high. Leaves alt., obovate, +pinnatifid or coarsely toothed, base often clasping and auricled. +Heads small, yellow cymose, heterog.; fem. fl. tubular, 2-4-fid; +hermaphr. fl. campanulate, 5-fid.</p> + +<p class="p2">North Sudan; Khartoum, Blue Nile & Kordofan +Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn526"><span class= +"sn">526</span><span class="taxon bold">Felicia Richardii</span> +<em>Vatke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Wiry herb or shrub. Leaves alt., elliptic-oblong, 1 +in. long, hispid. Heads solitary at ends of branches, heterog.; +fem. fl. ligulate; disk fl. hermaphr. or wholly or partly +sterile,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_281">[281]</span> tubular, +5-toothed; anthers petaloid, linear-oblong. Fl. white.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 9,000 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn527"><span class= +"sn">527</span><span class="taxon bold">Microglossa +volubilis</span> <em>DC.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small shrub, sometimes scandent. Leaves alt., +ovate-acuminate, 1-4 in. long, puberulous. Heads small, in cymes +2-8 in. wide, heterog.; fem. fl. ligulate, ligule narrow, white; +hermaphr. fl. tubular, yellow.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: gallery wood +near Kulensho)</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn528"><span class= +"sn">528</span><span class="taxon bold">Conyza ægyptiaca</span> +<em>Ait.</em> DINSÏS & NAKHSHASH EL DUBBAN—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Hairy herb, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves linear-oblong to +spathulate, margin subentire to pinnatifid, base amplexicaul, 1-4 +in. long. Heads small, in corymbose, axillary or terminal panicles, +heterog.; fem. fl. filiform, whitish, ligule none; hermaphr. fl. +tubular, 5-toothed, yellow.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan +Prov.; Darfur Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat mouth); Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: near the Boddo River); Lake +Rudolf.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn528-2" title="Conyza"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. stricta</span> <em>Willd.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Woody herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves alt. linear, +spathulate, pinnatifid or dentate, amplexicaul, hispid, ½ in. long. +Heads many-flowered in dense corymbose cymes, heterog.; fem. fl. +filiform-ligulate whitish; hermaphr. fl. tubular 5-toothed, +yellow.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, +9,000 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn528-3" title="Conyza"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. Hochstetteri</span> <em>Sch. Bip.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stem creeping; branches erect, up to 2 ft. high. +Leaves alt., oblong-lanceolate, auriculate-cordate, dentate, hairy, +1-2 in. long. Heads finally globose, in dense terminal cymes, ab. 1 +in. diam., heterog.; female fl. filiform; hermaphr. tubular, +5-toothed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn529"><span class= +"sn">529</span><span class="taxon bold">Blumea aurita</span> +<em>DC.</em> BOFUFA—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Pubescent erect herb, 3 ft. high. Leaves alt.; +radical leaves obovate or elliptical; cauline same or +lyrate-pinnatipartite, auricled, 4½ in. long. Heads in corymbose +terminal panicles, heterog.; fem. fl. filiform, disk fl. hermaphr. +or sterile.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov.; +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land, Kuraggera); Bahr El Jebel (Sudd +8° 40″); Mongalla Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn529-2" title="Blumea"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. abyssinica</span> <em>Sch. Bip.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, 18 in. high. Leaves alt., linear, or lower +oblanceolate, clasping. Fl. much as above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn529-3" title="Blumea"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. bifoliata</span> <em>DC.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb. Leaves glandular-pilose, oblong-lanceolate, +toothed in<span class="pagenum" id="Page_282">[282]</span> the +upper half, broad at the base, about 1 in. long. Heads in leafy +panicles ¼ in. long. Bracts linear, pilose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn529-4" title="Blumea"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. lacera</span> <em>DC.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Pubescent herb, 4 ft. high. Leaves alt., obovate or +oblanceolate, dentate, 1½ in. long. Heads purplish, in terminal +panicles, heterog., as above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land, & Gazelle River); +Mongalla Prov. (Kenissa); Darfur Prov (J. Marra, Niurnya, 6,500 +ft.).</p> + +<p class="p3">The plant is used as a febrifuge, also to stop +bleeding. Mixed with black pepper, it is given in cholera. An +astringent eye-wash is made from the leaves.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn529-5" title="Blumea"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. gariepina</span> <em>DC.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small shrub covered with dense silky hairs. Leaves +linear, decurrent, ½ in. long. Heads ⅓ in. long. Bracts +subulate-linear. Flowers thread-like.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (J. Meidob).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn530"><span class= +"sn">530</span><span class="taxon bold">Laggera alata</span> +<em>Schultz Bip.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stout tomentose, glandular herb, up to 6 ft. high; +branches winged. Leaves alt. elliptical or elongate-oblong, +decurrent, dentate, up to 10 in. long. Heads many-fl., in terminal +panicles, heterog.; fem. fl. filiform; hermaphr. fl. tubular, +toothed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit, near Deim Bekir & +Bongo-land, Sabbi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn530-2" title="Laggera"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. pterodonta</span> <em>Sch. Bip.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stout viscid herb, 2-7 ft. high. Leaves alt., +elliptic-oblong or lanceolate, decurrent, dentate, 6 in. long. +Heads in terminal panicles, hermaphr., as above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land, +Kuraggera).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn530-3" title="Laggera"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. crassifolia</span> <em>Schultz Bip.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrubby, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves alt., elliptic or +oblong, glandulose-puberulous, decurrent, 2-3 in. long. Heads in +terminal panicles. Fl. as above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn531"><span class= +"sn">531</span><span class="taxon bold">Pluchea Dioscoridis</span> +<em>DC.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrubby, 6 ft. or more. Leaves alt., oval to +lanceolate, often auriculate-cordate, 1-2 in. long. Heads in +terminal corymbose or globose panicles, heterog.; female fl. +filiform; disk fl. tubular, mouth 3-fid, hermaphr. or sterile.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan & Darfur Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn532"><span class= +"sn">532</span><span class="taxon bold">Epaltes gariepina</span> +<em>Steetz.</em> RIMITH (Kordn.)—Arab; OLEI—Hadendowa; UM +MUSEG—Rashida.</p> + +<p class="p2">Scabrid undershr.; branches winged. Leaves alt., +linear-oblong, acute, decurrent, 2½ in. long. Heads 3-6 together at +extremities, heterog.; fem. fl. tubular or filiform; disk fl. +tubular, dilated above, hermaphr., often sterile.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (J. Um Darrag); Darfur Prov. (60 m. +east of El Fasher); Kassala Prov. (Um Adam).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn533"><span class= +"sn">533</span><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_283">[283]</span><span class="taxon bold">Sphæranthus +suaveolens</span> <em>DC.</em> SAGHLIFT, FORGEYH, SIRR EL +WARD—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Erect herb, 2 ft. high; stem and branches winged. +Leaves alt., linear to elliptic oblong, decurrent, dentate, 2-5 in. +long. Heads few-flowered, red, subglobose, densely crowded on ovoid +common receptacles which are solitary or 2-3 together, terminal or +lateral. Fl. white or pink, heterog., female tubular 3-dentate; +disk fl. tubular 5-dent. or sterile.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo, Mittu & +Niamniam lands).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn533-2" title="Sphaeranthus"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. Steetzii</span> <em>O.</em> & <em>H.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect herb, 1-2 ft. high; branches winged above. +Leaves linear to oblong, decurrent, ab. 2 in. long. Heads +5-flowered, the central fl. only male, the others female; common +receptacle hemispherical, terminating stem and branches.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn533-3" title="Sphaeranthus"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. nubicus</span> <em>Sch. Bip.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect glandular-hairy annual, ab. 2 ft. high; upper +branches winged. Leaves linear to lanceolate, decurrent, 1-3 in. +long. Heads 3-9 flowered, the central one male; common receptacle +slightly convex, terminal.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn533-4" title="Sphaeranthus"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. Brounæ</span> <em>Robyns.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, 1 ft. high, strongly scented, glandular and +pilose. Leaves sessile, auriculate at the base, oblong, ½ in. long. +Heads compound, globose, pedunculate, ⅓ in. in diam., pink.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (near Agari).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn534"><span class= +"sn">534</span><span class="taxon bold">Phagnalon +Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Schultz Bip.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">White lanate undershrub. Leaves alt., linear, +amplexicaul, 2 in. long. Heads wide-campanulate, many-flowered, +terminal or from upper axils, heterog.; fem. fl. tubular-filiform, +denticulate; hermaphr. tubular, 5-toothed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Soturba).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn534-2" title="Phagnalon"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. scalarum</span> <em>Schweinfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 9,200 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn535"><span class= +"sn">535</span><span class="taxon bold">Achyrocline +luzuloides</span> <em>Vatke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">White lanate undershr. Leaves linear, subamplexicaul, +2 in. long. Heads 4-8 flowered in dense hemispherical, terminal +cymes, heterogamous; fem. fl. 3-5 radiate; hermaphr. 1-3 together; +involucre white, shining.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov.; between Suakin & Berber.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn535-2" title="Achyrocline"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. glumacea</span> <em>O.</em> & <em>H.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Hoary lanate undershr. Leaves narrow-linear, 1-4 in. +long. Heads 5-8 flowered (female 4-5 and hermaphr. 1-3 together), +sessile, in crowded branched corymbose or globose cymes; involucre +scales shining, white or pale-yellow.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: +high zone).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn535-3" title="Achyrocline"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_284">[284]</span><span class="taxon bold">A. +Schimperi</span> <em>Sch. Bip.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Loose straggling herb, hoary tomentose all over. +Leaves ovate, acute, 1½-2 in. long; flower-heads oblong, 4-5 +flowered, sessile in dense corymbs; bracts shining.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (foot of Has Has).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn536"><span class= +"sn">536</span><span class="taxon bold">Gnaphalium +luteo-album</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect cottony herb. Leaves alt., linear or +spathulate, semi-amplexicaul, 1-3 in. long. Heads campanulate, +many-flowered, subsessile, many together in crowded clusters, +terminal or axillary, heterog.; fem. fl. filiform; hermaphr. fl. +4-5 in each head; invol. bracts straw-coloured.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Saoleil); Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn536-2" title="Gnaphalium"><span class= +"taxon bold">G. Unionis</span> <em>Schultz Bip.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Lanate annual, up to 1 ft. high. Leaves linear, +subamplexicaul, ½-1 in. long, lanate. Heads campanulate, crowded in +terminal, often involucrate clusters. Fem. fl. filiform; hermaphr. +fl. 6-8-15 in each head; invol. bracts white at tips, woolly +outside.</p> + +<p class="p2">Dongola Prov. (Debba); Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn536-3" title="Gnaphalium"><span class= +"taxon bold">G. pulvinatum</span> <em>Del.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Prostrate, lanate-tomentose annual; branches 3-5 in. +long. Leaves alt., spathulate, attenuate to base. Heads +campanulate, in subglobose leafy or involucrate clusters; hermaphr. +fl. 4-6; fem. fl. numerous; invol. as above.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov. (above El Eish); Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn536-4" title="Gnaphalium"><span class= +"taxon bold">G. niliacum</span> <em>Raddi.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Cottony herb, 3-10 in. high. Leaves alt., spathulate +or obovate, attenuate into short petiole. Heads campanulate, +sessile, in dense spiciform terminal clusters; fem. fl. numerous; +hermaphr. fl. 4-5 outer invol. lanate; midrib green.</p> + +<p class="p2">Dongola Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Dar Fertit).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn537"><span class= +"sn">537</span><span class="taxon bold">Helichrysum +rosulatum</span> <em>O.</em> & <em>H.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Procumbent, tomentose perennial, 1½ in. high. Leaves +alt., spathulate, oblong, emarginate, ½-1 in. long, crowded at base +of branches. Capitula 6-7 all hermaphr., many together forming a +subglobose head; invol. scales purple.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (shores of the Red Sea).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn537-2" title="Helichrysum"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. Nimmoanum</span> <em>O.</em> & <em>H.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Woolly white, shrubby plant. Leaves alt., oblong or +ovate, ab. 1 in. long. Capitula 8-10 flowered, hermaphr., crowded +in dense branched terminal corymbs; invol. scales +straw-coloured.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (shores of the Red Sea).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn537-3" title="Helichrysum"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. gracilipes</span> <em>O.</em> & <em>H.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Procumbent rosulate, white woolly herb, giving out +offshoots. Leaves elliptic, ½ in. long. Capitula hermaphr., +20-flowered, solitary at ends of branches; invol. scales +straw-coloured.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn537-4" title="Helichrysum"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_285">[285]</span><span class="taxon bold">H. +undatum</span> <em>Less.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect white-woolly perennial, 4 ft. high. Leaves +linear to lanceolate, up to 5 in. long. Capitula hermaphr., with +orange fimbrillæ, crowded in terminal corymbose cymes; 1-6 in. +diam.; invol. scales rose-coloured.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn537-5" title="Helichrysum"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. abyssinicum</span> <em>Sch. Bip.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrubby, 18 in. high. Leaves linear or linear-oblong, +densely tomentose, ab. 1 in. long. Capitula heterog., 50-fl., +yellow, crowded in dense globose clusters, 1-3 in. wide, terminal; +fem. fl. filiform; invol. scales pale-yellow, shining.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (J. Marra).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn538"><span class= +"sn">538</span><span class="taxon bold">Leysera capillifolia</span> +<em>DC.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Slender glandular-scabrid annual. Leaves filiform or +linear, crowded, 1 in. long. Cap. yellow, heterog., solitary on +slender subterminal peduncles; fem. fl. ligulate, ligule very +small; hermaphr. fl. tubular, 5-cleft.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Coast: Soturba, J. Shellal at 3,000 +ft., Suakin).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn539"><span class= +"sn">539</span><span class="taxon bold">Inula macrophylla</span> +<em>Schultz Bip.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial, 2-5 ft. high. Leaves alt., oval or ovate, +1 ft. or more long, upper cordate-amplexicaul, tawny-tomentose. +Capitula hermaphr., yellow, in a dense corymbose terminal cyme, 4-8 +in. wide.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Karora).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn540"><span class= +"sn">540</span><span class="taxon bold">Iphiona scabra</span> +<em>DC.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glandular scabrid undershrub. Leaves alt., +subulate-pungent, 1 in. long with 2-6 small basal spines. Capit. +hermaphr., yellowish-white, 14-flowered, solitary, axillary or +terminal.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Soturba).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn541"><span class= +"sn">541</span><span class="taxon bold">Pegolettia +senegalensis</span> <em>Cass.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Hispid annual, up to 2 ft. high. Leaves alt. linear +or oblanceolate, ½-1 in. long. Capit. hermaphr., yellow, turning +purple, 18-30 flowered, solitary, terminal.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile Prov. (Rufaa); Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn542"><span class= +"sn">542</span><span class="taxon bold">Vicoa auriculata</span> +<em>Cass.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, 1-3 ft. Leaves alt., linear-lanceolate to +oblong, auriculate, amplexicaul, ½-3 in. long. Capit. hermaphr., +orange-yellow, forming a loose terminal panicle.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Soturba); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli & +Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Jur & Bongo-lands).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn543"><span class= +"sn">543</span><span class="taxon bold">Pulicaria petiolaris</span> +<em>Jaub.</em> & <em>Spach.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Somewhat woody herb, up to 1½ ft. high, +glandular-puberulous and appressed pubescent. Leaves alt. ½-2 in. +long, oval or lanceolate, dentate, cuneate or truncate at base; +petiole winged, amplexicaul, up to 1 in. long. Capit. heterog., +yellow, in loose corymbs; fem. fl. with minute ligule.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Fung Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn543-2" title="Pulicaria"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_286">[286]</span><span class="taxon bold">P. +Grantii</span> <em>O.</em> & <em>H.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrubby, 2 ft. or more; stems glandular puberulous. +Leaves linear, sessile, short tomentose, up to 1 in. long. Capit. +heterog., yellow, solitary, terminal, many-flowered. Ligule of fem. +fl. small; hermaphr. fl. tubular, 5-dentate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Khartoum Prov. (16° N.L.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn543-3" title="Pulicaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. undulata</span> <em>DC.</em> RIHAN (Kordn.), +ARRĀWAL (Atbara), RUBBUL, GHUBEYRA, & KUTKAT—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Woolly, strongly-scented herb, ½-2 ft. high. Leaves +linear to oblanceolate, dentate, undulate, auriculate-amplexicaul, +½-2 in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, many-flowered, solitary, +terminal.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov.; Kassala Prov.; Æthiopia (J. El +Ghazal); Khartoum, Blue Nile, Kordofan & Darfur Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn543-4" title="Pulicaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. crispa</span> <em>Benth.</em> & <em>Hook. +f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">White tomentose herb, 1-2½ ft. high. Leaves linear to +obovate-oblong, auriculate amplexicaul, ¾-1½ in. long, +denticulate-crisped. Capit. heterog., yellow, many-flowered, +loosely panicled, terminal; hermaphr. fl. 4-5 dentate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Dongola Prov. (Merowe); +Khartoum Prov. (North); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Abu Nuer, 80 +m. E. of El Fasher).</p> + +<p class="p3">The dried plant is applied to bruises on cattle.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn543-5" title="Pulicaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. Rüppellii</span> <em>Schultz.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small white woolly herb. Leaves obovate, spathulate, +denticulate, auricled and amplexicaul, ½-2½ in. long. Capit. +heterog., yellow, solitary and terminal; ligule of fem. fl. long +and 3-dentate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (shores between 11° and 12° N.L.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn543-6" title="Pulicaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. vulgaris</span> <em>Gærtn.</em> RÏMÏTH (Kordn.), +ZAGHIL & ABU ’AIN SAFRA—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Puberulous herb, 1 ft. or more. Leaves linear-oblong, +cordate, sessile, ½-2½ in. long. Capit. as above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (North of Shersha); Darfur Prov. (J. +Marra, 6,500-9,000 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn544"><span class= +"sn">544</span><span class="taxon bold">Geigeria acaulis</span> +<em>Benth.</em> & <em>Hook. f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Low, tufted, cottony herb. Leaves alt., crowded, +linear or oblong, 1-3½ in. long., overtopping the solitary heterog. +yellow capit. Fem. fl. ligulate, 3-dentate; hermaphr. fl. tubular, +5-fid.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan & Darfur +Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn544-2" title="Geigeria"><span class= +"taxon bold">G. alata</span> <em>Benth.</em> & <em>Hook. f.</em> +GATGAT (Baggara) & RIHAN (N. Kordn.)—Arab; HASHUK—Hadendowa; +DOSH—Rashida.</p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous herb, ½-1 ft. high; branches winged. Leaves +opp., oval-oblong, decurrent, 1-3½ in. long, glandular-punctate. +Cap. heterog., yellow, 10-12 flowered, bracteate, solitary in forks +of branches. Fl. as above.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_287">[287]</span>Red +Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Khartoum Prov. (J. Royan); Kassala Prov. (Um +Adam); Kordofan & Darfur Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn544-3" title="Geigeria"><span class= +"taxon bold">G. Macdougalii</span> <em>S. Moore.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, about 1 in. high. Leaves sessile, +oblanceolate or lanceolate-oblanceolate, mucronate, 1 in long, +ciliolate, gland-dotted. Heads small terminal and axillary. Bracts +4-seriate.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn545"><span class= +"sn">545</span><span class="taxon bold">Anisoppapus +africanus</span> <em>O.</em> & <em>H.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect puberulous herb, 3-4 ft. Leaves deltoid, +hastate, crenate, 1-3 in. long, alternate. Capit. heterog., yellow, +½-1 in. wide excluding ligules of fem. fl. which are spreading and +3-dentate; hermaphr. fl. 5-toothed. Infl. corymbose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn545-2" title="Anisoppapus"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. chinensis</span> <em>Hk.</em> & <em>Arn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect pubescent herb. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, +obtusely dentate, 1½-2½ in. long; petioles dilating at base. Capit. +as above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn546"><span class= +"sn">546</span><span class="taxon bold">Ambrosia maritima</span> +<em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, woody below, hairy, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves +alt., ovate, bipinnatipartite, 1-3 in. long. Capit. white, +monœcious, in dense spikes, male at the top, female below (or +sessile in upper axils), in terminal corymbose panicles; male fl. +white, tubular, 5-fid; fem. fl.: cor. 0 but involucre closed over +the fruit, spinose or tubercled.</p> + +<p class="p2">Berber Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov. (from +Sennar northwards, on river banks).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn547"><span class= +"sn">547</span><span class="taxon bold">Xanthium strumarium</span> +<em>Linn.</em> KHARAQ EL BAHR—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Puberulous annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves deltoid, +3-5-lobed, coarsely dentate, 1-6 in. broad, cordate; petiole ½-5 +in. long Capit. yellow monœcious; male globose in terminal +clusters; female 2-flowered axillary; invol. of fem. heads +prickly.</p> + +<p class="p2">Khartoum and Blue Nile Provinces.</p> + +<p class="p3">The seeds yield an oil. The fruit is considered +efficacious for small-pox, also useful for diseases of the bladder. +Not eaten by cattle. In the Fung “Mayas,” after all the grass has +been eaten, masses of this plant form vivid green patches.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn548"><span class= +"sn">548</span><span class="taxon bold">Siegesbeckia +orientalis</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Pubescent, widely branched annual, 1-3 ft. Leaves +alt., deltoid-ovate to lanceolate, 1½-5 in. long, dentate. Capit. +heterog., yellow, in dichotomous leafy panicles; fem. fl. ligulate, +toothed, inconspicuous; hermaphr. fl. tubular, 3-5, dentate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn549"><span class= +"sn">549</span><span class="taxon bold">Enhydra fluctuans</span> +<em>Lour.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Aquatic herb, 1-2 ft. high; stem rooting and +creeping. Leaves opp., linear to lanceolate, 1-3 in. long, base +subhastate,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_288">[288]</span> petiole +dilated. Capit. heterog., whitish or greenish, axillary. Fem. fl. +inconspicuous; hermaphr. fl. 5-toothed; invol. bract 4, leafy, +ovate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (below Bor).</p> + +<p class="p3">The leaves are regarded as laxative, antibilious and +useful in diseases of the skin and nervous system.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn550"><span class= +"sn">550</span><span class="taxon bold">Eclipta alba</span> +<em>Hassk.</em> TAMR EL GHANAM (Khartoum), BILTIK (Meshra El +Zeraf)—Arab; HRERVA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka.</p> + +<p class="p2">Scabrid herb, ½-2 ft. high. Leaves opp., lanceolate, +up to 5 in. long. Capit. heterog., on peduncles 1-3 together; fem. +fl. white, ligulate, small; hermaphr. fl. tubular, 4-dentate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Berber Prov. (Atbara, on river banks); Khartoum +Prov.; Darfur Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé, Jur +Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="p3">Yields a black stain which elsewhere is used in +tattooing.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn551"><span class= +"sn">551</span><span class="taxon bold">Sclerocarpus +africanus</span> <em>Jacq.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Hispid herb, 1-4 ft. high. Leaves mostly alt., ovate +to ovate-lanceolate, serrate, 1-6 in. long. Capit. heterog., +solitary, over-topped by involucral bracts; ray fl. 3, neuter, +yellow; disk fl. hermaphr., 10-12, tubular, 4-5-toothed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); +Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn552"><span class= +"sn">552</span><span class="taxon bold">Blainvillea +rhomboidea</span> <em>Cass.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Branched scabrid annual, 1-3½ ft. high. Leaves alt. +or opp., lanceolate, crenate-serrate, up to 3 in. long. Capit. +heterog. 1-2 together, forming with others a panicled leafy cyme. +Fem. fl. ligulate, 2-3 dentate, yellow.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Fung Prov. (Saoleil); White +Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn552-2" title="Blainvillea"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. Prieureana</span> <em>DC.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Hispid branched herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves opp. or +alt., ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, 3-nerved, 1-5 in. long. +Inflor. much as above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Kordofan Prov. +(Abu Sinum).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn553"><span class= +"sn">553</span><span class="taxon bold">Aspilia multiflora</span> +<em>O.</em> & <em>H.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Scabrid herb. Leaves opp., ovate-lanceolate, up to +nearly 2 in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, in lax, leafy panicles; +ray fl. neuter, ligule rarely exceeding ½ in. in length; disk fl. +hermaphr.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn553-2" title="Aspilia"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. Schimperi</span> <em>O.</em> & <em>H.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect annual 1-3 ft. high, scantily hairy. Leaves +opp., ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, acuminate, connate at the +base, 1-5 in. long. Capit. heterog. yellow, in lax, leafy cymes; +ray fl. neuter, ligule 1/5 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn553-3" title="Aspilia"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. latifolia</span> <em>O.</em> & <em>H.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Hispid herb, 1½-4 ft. high. Leaves opp., ovate, +serrulate,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_289">[289]</span> 3-nerved +near the base, 1½-5 in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, solitary on +long peduncles, terminal or in forks of branches; ray florets 20, +ligule under ½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas and Niamniam-land, +Nganye).</p> + +<p class="p3">The pounded leaves and flowers act as a powerful +styptic.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn553-4" title="Aspilia"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. Kotschyi</span> <em>Benth.</em> & <em>Hook. +f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Scabrid and hispid annual, 1-4 ft. high. Leaves opp., +lanceolate or oval to linear, subamplexicaul, 1-8 in. long. Capit. +heterog., deep maroon-coloured, solitary or few together, +overtopped by involucrate leaves. Ligule ¼-½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); +White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile +Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Darfur Prov. (Kulme); +Mongalla Prov. (Gondokoro).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn554"><span class= +"sn">554</span><span class="taxon bold">Wedelia abyssinica</span> +<em>Vatke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Undershrub, 3 ft. high. Leaves opp., ovate or +oblong-lanceolate, scabrous, 3-nerved, 1½-3 in. long. Capit. +heterog., 1-3 at ends of branches; fem. fl. ligulate, orange; +hermaphr. yellow.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn555"><span class= +"sn">555</span><span class="taxon bold">Melanthera +abyssinica</span> <em>Benth.</em> & <em>Hook. f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Scabrid branched herb, 2 ft. high. Leaves opp., +ovate-lanceolate, serrate, amplexicaul, 1½-4 in. Capit. heterog., +yellow in corymbose cymes; ray fl. neuter; ligule 2-3-fid; disk fl. +tubular, hermaphr.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn555-2" title="Melanthera"><span class= +"taxon bold">M. pungens</span> <em>O.</em> & <em>H.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Scabrid herb, 4 ft. high. Leaves opp., ovate, upper +lanceolate, acuminate, shallow-dentate, up to 6 in. long. Capit. as +above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn555-3" title="Melanthera"><span class= +"taxon bold">M. Brownei</span> <em>Schultz Bip.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Scabrid semi-woody herb, 2-10 ft. high. Leaves opp., +deltoid-ovate, sometimes 3-lobed acuminate, dentate, 2-6 in. long. +Capit. heterog. yellow, in lax terminal cymes; ray fl. female, +ligulate, disk fl. hermaphr.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Jebel (Sudd); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn556"><span class= +"sn">556</span><span class="taxon bold">Verbesina (Ximenesia) +enceloides</span> <em>Cav.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Hoary annual, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves mostly alt., +deltoid to oblong, dentate, 1-6 in. long; petiole ½-2 in., winged +auriculate. Capit. heterog., yellow, on peduncles, up to 8 in. +long, forming a loose cyme. Ray fl. fem., ligule deeply +toothed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Khartoum, Blue Nile & Kordofan Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn557"><span class= +"sn">557</span><span class="taxon bold">Spilanthes Acmella</span> +<em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual up to 1 ft. high. Leaves opp., ovate, up to 2 +in. long. Capit. usually heterog., usually yellow, solitary +on<span class="pagenum" id="Page_290">[290]</span> long peduncles; +ray flor. 1 seriate, usually present, ligule small or 0.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River).</p> + +<p class="p3">The whole plant, especially the flower-heads, is very +acid and has a hot, burning taste. It is used for toothache and is +considered by natives a powerful stimulant.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn558"><span class= +"sn">558</span><span class="taxon bold">Guizotia Schultzii</span> +<em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Scabrous herb, 2-4 ft. Leaves opp., narrow-elliptic, +serrate, cordate, amplexicaul, often connate, 1-8 in. long. Capit. +heterog., yellow, in corymbose cymes, pedicels up to 5 in.; fem. +fl. 1-seriate; hermaphr. fl. glandular-hairy.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra +6,500-9,300 feet); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, +Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn558-2" title="Guizotia"><span class= +"taxon bold">G. Schimperi</span> <em>Sch. Bip.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Pubescent herb, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves opp., +elliptic-ovate denticulate, cordate-amplexicaul, ½-4 in. long. +Capit. much as above, but cor. of hermaphr. fl. subglabrous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (Zalingei).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn559"><span class= +"sn">559</span><span class="taxon bold">Coreopsis +linearifolia</span> <em>O.</em> & <em>H.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Nearly glabrous herb, 4-5 ft. high. Leaves opp., +linear, denticulate scabrous, 2-6 in. long. Capit. heterog., +yellow, on peduncles 1-4 in., in a lax corymbose cyme. Ray fl. +ligulate, fem. or neuter.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Steppes near +Agada).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn559-2" title="Coreopsis"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. chrysantha</span> <em>Vatke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Pallid herb, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves tripartite; lobes +lanceolate or linear, acutely narrowed at both ends, deeply +serrate, scabrid above, hispid below, ¾-3½ in. by ⅛-1 in.; petioles +up to 1¼ in.; sometimes leaves not lobed, ovate or narrow +elliptical. Capit. heterog. on hispid peduncles in a lax, corymbose +cyme, yellow.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn559-3" title="Coreopsis"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. abyssinica</span> <em>Schultz Bip.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect herb, ab. 3 ft. high, scabrid-pubescent above. +Leaves opp., pinnatisect, 1½-4½ in. long, segments 3-4 pairs, +toothed or subpinnatipartite. Capit. yellow, heterog., ½ in. diam., +on pedicels up to 4 in., in lax corymbose cymes.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn559-4" title="Coreopsis"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. guineensis</span> <em>O.</em> & <em>H.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Nearly glabrous annual, ab. 2 ft. high. Leaves opp., +tripartite bilobed or undivided, divisions of the leaf linear 1-7 +in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, ½-¾ in. long, on peduncles 2-7 +in., in a lax cyme, or solitary, terminal.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Kulme).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn560"><span class= +"sn">560</span><span class="taxon bold">Bidens pilosa</span> +<em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, up to 5 ft. high. Leaves opp., ovate, mostly +pinnately-lobed, blade 1-5 in.; petiole 2½ in. Capit. heterog., +tipped with 2-4 barbed, spinose bristles, in a lax +corymbose<span class="pagenum" id="Page_291">[291]</span> cyme; ray +fl. white, ligulate, fem. or neuter; disk fl. yellow, hermaphr. Fr. +an achene, ab. ½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Soturba, Coast); Kassala Prov. +(Gallabat); Kordofan Prov. (Katul Gambara); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Jur Ghattas & Bongo-land, Gurfala); Darfur Prov. (Kulme & J. +Marra).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn560-2" title="Bidens"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. bipinnata</span> <em>Schultz Bip.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Very similar to above, but leaves mostly bipinnately +lobed. Achenes with 3-4 spinose barbed bristles.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Red +Sea Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn560-3" title="Bidens"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. Schimperi</span> <em>Schultz Bip.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Subscabrous herb, up to several feet high. Leaves +opp., 2-3 pinnatisect or more or less 3-fid, 3-6 in. long, with +scattered black dots. Capit. heterog., yellow, in lax corymbose +cymes. Ray fl. fem. or neuter; ligule ½ in. long. Achenes with 2, +sometimes 3 setæ.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Suakin to Khor Tamanib).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn561"><span class= +"sn">561</span><span class="taxon bold">Chrysanthellum +procumbens</span> <em>Pers.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous procumbent or erect herb, up to 1 ft. high. +Leaves alt., multifid, up to 1½ in. long; petiole subamplexicaul 1½ +in. long. Capit. heterog., cymose; ray florets fem. ligulate, +small.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); White Nile Prov. (J. +Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf, +southwards); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land); Mongalla Prov.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn562"><span class= +"sn">562</span><span class="taxon bold">Cotula anthemoides</span> +<em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Low, hairy, much branched annual. Leaves alt., deeply +subbipinnatifid, ⅓-¾ in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, discoid, +solitary terminal; outer fl. fem., minute, in several rows.</p> + +<p class="p2">Berber Prov. (Nile Cataract; near J. Gerri); Khartoum +Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn562-2" title="Cotula"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. cinerea</span> <em>Del.</em> SHIA (Port +Sudan)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Pale green, villose herb, 1-6 in. high. Leaves alt., +pinnatifid, obovate or spathulate in outline, ¼-¾ in. long. Capit. +yellow, heterog., terminal; fem. fl. few minute or more usually +wanting.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Port Sudan); Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn562-3" title="Cotula"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. Kotschyi</span> <em>Benth.</em> & <em>Hook. f.</em> +HARR (Khartoum)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Hoary prostrate herb, up to 12 in. high. Leaves alt., +obovate-pinnatipartite, ¼-¾ in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, +terminal; fem. fl. few, minute.</p> + +<p class="p2">Berber Prov. (Shendi); Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile +Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Geteina); Darfur Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn562-4" title="Cotula"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. abyssinica</span> <em>Schultz Bip.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Pilose annual, up to 1 ft. high. Leaves alt., +bipinnatipartite, up to 1¼ in. incl. the petiole, which is as long +as the blade<span class="pagenum" id="Page_292">[292]</span> and +half clasping. Capit. heterog., yellow, on 6 in. long peduncles; +fem. fl. in 1 row, minute.</p> + +<p class="p2">Upper White Nile.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn563"><span class= +"sn">563</span><span class="taxon bold">Gynura cernua</span> +<em>Benth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Puberulous annual, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves alt., upper +ones auriculate-amplexicaul, ovate or laciniate-lyrate, irregularly +dentate or lobed, lower ones petiolate. Capit. purple, homog., +solitary, terminal, on 6-12 peduncles; invol. bracts 1-seriate; fl. +all tubular, some of the outer with imperfect anthers.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-Ghattas & +Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn563-2" title="Gynura"><span class= +"taxon bold">G. vitellina</span> <em>Benth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shining herb, 2-6 ft. high. Leaves alt., ovate or +lanceolate, irregularly dentate, 1-4 in. long, auricled at base of +petiole. Cap. yellow, homog., solitary, terminal on peduncles 4-12 +in. long, bearing 2-3 bracts; invol. bracts 1-seriate; fl. all +tubular, hermaphr. excepting some outer ones with imperfect +anthers.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (J. Marra 3,500 to 9,300 ft.); Mongalla +Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn563-3" title="Gynura"><span class= +"taxon bold">G. crepidioides</span> <em>Benth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual 2-3 ft. high. Leaves alt., lyrate-pinnatifid, +dentate, 1-10 in. long. Capit. homog. yellow or with purple tips, +in dense or lax corymbose cymes; invol. bracts 1-seriate; fl. as +above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal +(Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn563-4" title="Gynura"><span class= +"taxon bold">G. amplexicaulis</span> <em>O.</em> & <em>H.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb 2½-3 ft. high. Leaves alt., obovate-oblong, +dentate, amplexicaul, 4-5 in. long. Capit. reddish-orange, homog., +3-4 together in a long-peduncled cyme; invol. bracts 1-seriate; fl. +as above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Khor of +Bodumo).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn564"><span class= +"sn">564</span><span class="taxon bold">Emilia sagittata</span> +<em>DC.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, ¼-4 ft. high, glaucescent. Leaves alt., +sagittate-amplexicaul, oval-ovate or oblong, 1-4 in. long. Capit. +homog., orange, cymose or subsolitary on 2½ in. long pedicels; +invol. bracts 1-seriate; florets hermaphr.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung. Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov.; Darfur +Prov. (J. Marra: Wadi Gindi, 7,500 ft.); Upper White Nile Prov.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn565"><span class= +"sn">565</span><span class="taxon bold">Notonia +Schweinfurthii</span> <em>O.</em> & <em>H.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous, fleshy perennial, 1 ft. high. Leaves +narrow-elliptic, sessile, 1-2 in. long. Capit. homog., purple, +solitary, many-flowered, on 6-8 in. long bracteate peduncles; +invol. bracts 1-seriate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit: Pongo River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn566"><span class= +"sn">566</span><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_293">[293]</span><span class="taxon bold">Senecio +arabicus</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, ab. 1 ft. high. Leaves alt., pinnatifid or +partite, oval in outline 1-3½ in. long, upper amplexicaul, +auriculate. Capit. homog., in broad corymbose cymes; invol. bracts +1-seriate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia (Islands of the Nile); Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn566-2" title="Senecio"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. abyssinicus</span> <em>Schultz Bip.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, 3-16 in. high. Leaves alt., spathulate, ½-2½ +in. long, somewhat hairy. Capit. heterog., yellow, 4-12 together, +cymose; invol. bracts 1-ser.; fem. fl. ligulate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn566-3" title="Senecio"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. discifolius</span> <em>Oliv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, 12-15 in. high. Leaves alt., orbicular, ¾-2 +in. diam. (upper ones obovate spathulate), suddenly narrowed into a +winged petiole. Capit. heterog., orange, 1-3 on 3-7 in. long +peduncles, terminal; invol. bracts 1-ser.; fem. fl. ligulate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Belgian Congo +(Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn566-4" title="Senecio"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. picridifolius</span> <em>DC.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial 1-2 ft. high. Leaves alt., oval-oblong or +ovate, auriculate, toothed, puberulous, 1½-4½ in. long. Capit. +homog., 1 or few together, on 3-6 in. long peduncles; invol. bracts +1-seriate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Papyrus Swamp, Meshra El +Rek).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn566-5" title="Senecio"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. tuberosus</span> <em>Schultz Bip.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous herb 7-18 in. high, with white, fleshy +tuberous root 1-3 in. diam. Leaves alt., elliptic to ovate, +coarsely toothed or 3-lobed, 4-8 in. long including petiole. Capit. +homog., yellow, 5-flowered, in a dense subumbelliform cyme. Invol. +bracts-seriate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Khor Koki, Matamma).</p> + +<p class="p3">Root edible.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn566-6" title="Senecio"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>O. Hoffm.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb. Leaves crowded, linear-oblanceolate, serrate, 4 +in. long, shortly pubescent. Heads few, discoid. Bracts ⅓ in. long, +viscid. Pappus longer than corolla, white.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jurland).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn566-7" title="Senecio"><span class= +"taxon bold">S.? emilioides</span> <em>Schultz.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous annual, branched from the base. Capit. +discoid; invol. bracts 1-seriate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn567"><span class= +"sn">567</span><span class="taxon bold">Tripteris Vaillantii</span> +<em>Decaisne.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Scabrous herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves alt., linear to +narrow-elliptic, dentate to subpinnatifid, 1-4½ in. long, +semi-amplexicaul. Capit. heterog., yellow-purplish, in a lax corymb +on 1-7 in. long pedicels; invol. bracts sub 1-ser.; fem. fl. +ligulate; disk fl. tubular, sterile.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit, 21° N.L. sea level to 3-4,000 +ft., Has Has).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn567-2" title="Tripteris"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_294">[294]</span><span class="taxon bold">T. +Lordii</span> <em>O.</em> & <em>H.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Scabrid decumbent or ascending herb, 4-6 in. high. +Lower leaves opp., upper alt., oval or narrow-elliptic +repand-denticulate, 1½-2½ in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, +solitary or few in a lax cyme; ligule of fem. fl. ⅙ in. long, +linear.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (near Erkowit & Khor Tamanib).</p> + +<p class="famsect"><em>C. More or less spinescent herbs, sometimes +thistle-like. Capitula either heterogamous (outer florets usually +neuter, ligulate or dilated tubular) or homogamous, hermaphrodite +and tubular. Leaves alternate.</em> +</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn568"><span class= +"sn">568</span><span class="taxon bold">Berkheya Spekeana</span> +<em>Oliv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall, erect, prickly herb. Leaves alt., +linear-oblong, semiamplexicaul, remotely toothed, apiculate at tip, +spinose-hispid above, white-tomentose beneath, 1-6 in. long. Capit. +heterog., yellow, 1 in. diam. excl. ray, solitary or few together; +invol. bracts many, spinous acuminate; ray fl. 1-ser., ligulate, +neuter; ligule ab. 1 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Jebel (Madi); +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn569"><span class= +"sn">569</span><span class="taxon bold">Echinops longifolius</span> +<em>A. Rich.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect, thistle-like herbs, ab. 2 ft. high. Leaves +linear, amplexicaul-auriculate, intensely spinose white tomentose +beneath, 6-12 in. long. Capit. 1-flowered collected into a dense +globose head; cor. purple; inner invol. bracts 20-25 lanceolate or +spathulate, serrate aculeate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Bahr El Jebel (Madi); Bahr +El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn569-2" title="Echinops"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. amplexicaulis</span> <em>Oliv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect thistle-like, 4 ft. or more; stems cottony. +Leaves pinnately-lobed, ovate or elliptical, white-tomentose +beneath, 3-9 in. long, spinose-dentate and tipped. Capit. +1-flowered in a dense globose cluster 3-4 in. diam.; fl. pink; +inner invol. bracts 20-25, ciliate-spinulose, linear-lanceolate or +subulate, the innermost connate half-way.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land, Sabbi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn569-3" title="Echinops"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. macrochætus</span> <em>Fresen.</em> +KWANAB—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Erect, 3-5 ft. high. Leaves semi-amplexicaul, +oblanceolate or elliptical, up to over 8 in. long, more or less +deeply pinnately lobed, spiny, white-tomentose beneath. Capitula +not very numerous in clusters, 1½ in. diam.; inner invol. bracts +spathulate, apiculate, ab. 18 in number, innermost connate into a +tube more than half-way up.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. +Ghulfan); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra 8-10,000 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn569-4" title="Echinops"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. spinosus</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect, 3-5 ft. high, white-woolly. Leaves sessile, +ovate, pinnatisect, 2-8 in. long, spinose-incised; heads about 1 +in. long, in clusters 3-4 in. diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">No locality given (fide Mrs. Crowfoot).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn569-5" title="Echinops"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_295">[295]</span><span class="taxon bold">E. +sp.</span> +</p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves not seen. Heads very large on a cone-like +axis, pedicellate, pedicels covered with very long hairs.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Donka’s village, Sillitoe No. +202).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn570"><span class= +"sn">570</span><span class="taxon bold">Centaurea Calcitrapa</span> +<em>Linn.</em> Star-thistle Centaurea.</p> + +<p class="p2">Scabrid branched herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves from +simple to pinnatisect, lobes linear, denticulate. Capit. heterog. +(outer fl. 1-ser. larger and neuter), solitary, lateral or +terminal; invol., bracts glabrous or arachnoid ending in a +spreading, yellowish spine, ¾ to 1¼ in. long with a few smaller +lateral ones; fl. purple.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn570-2" title="Centaurea"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. senegalensis</span> <em>DC.</em> ABU SHWEIKA (N. +Kordn.)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Coarse scabrid herb, 2 ft. high. Leaves oval, ovate +or lanceolate, apiculate, denticulate, semi-amplexicaul. Capit. +ovoid-globose, ½-⅔ in. thick, solitary, terminal; invol. much as +above; fl. purple.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Melit & J. Marra).</p> + +<p class="p3">The flower-heads are made into a poultice to reduce +swellings.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn570-3" title="Centaurea"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. rhizocephala</span> <em>O.</em> & <em>H.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect hirsute herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves oval-oblong, +sessile, 3-5 in. long. Capit. 1-1½ in. long, 3 to 9 together in +trichotomous cymes terminating short radical shoots; invol. bracts +ending in 3-5 short spines; outer fl. white, inner +rose-coloured.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Sabbi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn570-4" title="Centaurea"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. papposa</span> <em>Schultz Bip.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves ovate-oblong, sessile, scabrid-glandular, 1½ +in. long. sharply denticulate. Heads few. Bracts long-spine-tipped, +pectinate at base.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (Takari, south of Rahad).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn571"><span class= +"sn">571</span><span class="taxon bold">Carthamus tinctorius</span> +<em>Linn.</em> GURDUM or ASFAR, QORTOM (Egypt)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Erect, thistle-like herb, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves +ovate-oblong, sessile, 1-3 in. long, spinulose-denticulate. Capit. +ab. 1 in. thick, homog., solitary or cymose; invol. bracts +foliaceous and spinescent (in wild forms); fl. orange.</p> + +<p class="p2">Khartoum, Blue Nile and Kordofan Provinces.</p> + +<p class="p3">Cultivated for the flowers which yield an orange dye, +called safflower, and for the seeds which yield a clear, yellow, +esculent oil. Poultry fatten on the seeds.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn571-2" title="Carthamus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. leucocaulos</span> <em>Sibth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous, white-stemmed, prickly herb, 1-1½ ft. high. +Leaves pinnatifid, 1-4 in. long, lobes ovate ending in a sharp +spine. Capit. terminating the end branches; inner invol. bracts +lanceolate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Soturba, 22° N.L.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn572"><span class= +"sn">572</span><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_296">[296]</span><span class="taxon bold">Dicoma +tomentosa</span> <em>Cass.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Cottony erect herb, 6-24 in. high. Leaves +narrow-elliptic or spathulate, ½-2½ in. long. Capit. homog., ab. 14 +fl., on short axillary branches and terminal; invol. bracts +lanceolate with 1 spine, arachnoid or cottony; fl. white or pale +yellow.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Sheik Talha); Kordofan Prov.; White Nile +Prov. (J. Arashkol).</p> + +<p class="p3">The plant is used as a febrifuge, especially in +fevers after childbirth.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn572-2" title="Dicoma"><span class= +"taxon bold">D. sessiliflora</span> <em>Harv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Silvery cottony rigid herb, ab. 2 ft. high. Leaves +narrow-elliptic, 3½-8 in. long. Capit. homog., sessile, on short +lateral branches and terminal, solitary or few together in dense +cymes; invol. bracts lanceolate with a sharp, pointed tip; fl. +pale-yellow.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land, Abu Gurun).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn573"><span class= +"sn">573</span><span class="taxon bold">Hochstetteria +Schimperi</span> <em>DC.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall, angular-branched herb. Leaves oval, with +narrowly-winged petiole, ½-2 in. long, minutely crenate. Capit. +homog.; pedunculate, terminal; invol. bracts spiny, lanceolate, +subtended by shorter foliaceous bracts.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21°-22° N.L.).</p> + +<p class="famsect"><em>D. Acaulescent herb. Capitula solitary on +scapes, heterogamous; ray florets ligulate, female; disk florets +bilabiate, hermaphrodite.</em> +</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn574"><span class= +"sn">574</span><span class="taxon bold">Gerbera abyssinica</span> +<em>Schultz Bip.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Cottony herb; leaves oval, sinuous denticulate, 1-4 +in. long. Petiole up to 1 in. long. Scapes 1-3, up to 15 in. long, +shaggy. Capit. ab. 1 in. long, ligules longer than invol.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="famsect"><em>E. Herbs, usually with milky sap. Capitula +homogamous; florets all ligulate, hermaphrodite, or a few barren; +ligule 5-toothed. Leaves alternate or radical.</em> +</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn575"><span class= +"sn">575</span><span class="taxon bold">Scolymus maculatus</span> +<em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Coarse spinescent herb, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves alt., +oblong, sinuous-pinnatifid, decurrent, 2-3 in. long; radical leaves +spathulate, spinose dentate. Capit. yellow, sessile, terminal or +lateral; invol. bracts linear-lanceolate, pointed; outer ligules +black-pilose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn576"><span class= +"sn">576</span><span class="taxon bold">Crepis Ruepellii</span> +<em>Schultz Bip.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small herb, up to 8 in. high. Leaves rosulate, +oblanceolate, denticulate, ¾-4 in. long. Capit. yellow, in lax open +cymes; inner invol. 8, lanceolate, glandular hairy.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (J. Marra 6,500-9,000 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn577"><span class= +"sn">577</span><span class="taxon bold">Lactuca +taraxacifolia</span> <em>Schum.</em> & <em>Thonn.</em> KINTARA +(Khartoum)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_297">[297]</span>Glaucescent herb, 2-6 ft. high. Leaves +saw-toothed, 6 in. long by 4 in. broad; stem-leaves amplexicaul, +decurrent. Capit. yellow, 20 fl., in panicled racemose cymes; inner +invol. bracts 5.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov.; Khartoum & Fung Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn577-2" title="Lactuca"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. goræensis</span> <em>Schultz Bip.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect glaucescent herb, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves +pinnatifid, often saw-toothed, up to 8 by 4 in., amplexicaul, +lowest decurrent. Capit. yellow in panicled racemose cymes; inner +invol. bracts 8.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn577-3" title="Lactuca"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>O.</em> & <em>H.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, 5 ft. high. Leaves lanceolate or +lanceolate-oblong, denticulate, up to 8 in. long, semi-amplexicaul. +Capit. 5-flowered, in an elongated cyme; inner invol. bracts 5.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn577-4" title="Lactuca"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. capensis</span> <em>Thunb.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous herb, ½-2 ft. Leaves linear or oblong, the +lower toothed-pinnatifid or entire, 3-5 in. long, the upper entire, +amplexicaul-sagittate. Capit. white, yellow or blue, 11 fl., in +panicled cymes.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Gondokoro); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn577-5" title="Lactuca"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. abyssinica</span> <em>Fresen.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Robust glabrous herb, 3 ft. or more high. Lower +leaves pinnatifid or sinuate-dentate, upper l. linear-lanceolate, +amplexicaul-auricled, up to 6 in. long. Capit. violet, fl. 10-13, +in elongated cymes.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, +6,500-9,000 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land & +Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn577-6" title="Lactuca"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. virosa</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves obovate-oblong, toothed, +sagittate-amplexicaul, 1-4 in. long. Capit. yellow, fl. ab. 11, in +a spreading cyme.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn577-7" title="Lactuca"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. sativa</span> <em>Linn.</em> Lettuce.</p> + +<p class="p2">Generally cultivated.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn578"><span class= +"sn">578</span><span class="taxon bold">Heterachæna +massaviensis</span> <em>Fresen.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Branched annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves toothed or +pinnatifid, auricled-amplexicaul, 1½-4½ in. long. Capit. blue, fl. +9-10, in panicled corymbose cymes.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn579"><span class= +"sn">579</span><span class="taxon bold">Picridium tingitanum</span> +<em>Desf.</em> MALOT, MALAITA (Gezira)—Arab; AMAGAK +(Renk)—Dinka.</p> + +<p class="p2">Erect annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves lanceolate to +obovate, undivided or pinnatifid, denticulate, sessile, cordate, +1½-6 in. long. Capit. yellow, on long peduncles dilated at the top; +invol. bracts broadly ovate.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_298">[298]</span>Nubia; Blue Nile Prov.; Upper White Nile +Prov. (Renk); Darfur Prov. (Kulme & J. Marra).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn580"><span class= +"sn">580</span><span class="taxon bold">Sonchus oleraceus</span> +<em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Coarse annual, 1½-3 ft. high. Leaves oval or oblong, +undivided, toothed or pinnatifid, 1-6 in. long, denticulate, upper +ones sessile-amplexicaul. Capit. yellow, many-flowered, in +corymbose cymes.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Blue Nile Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">The roots and leaves are used, in infusion, as a +tonic and febrifuge.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn580-2" title="Sonchus"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. Bipontini</span> <em>Aschers.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous perennial; 2-4 ft. high. Leaves linear, +denticulate, up to 6 in. long, auricled, sessile. Capit. yellow, +fl. ab. 20, in corymbose cymes; inner invol. bracts ab. 8, linear, +ultimately reflexed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov. (Singa); White Nile Prov.; +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land); Bahr El Jebel (Sudd).</p> + +<p class="p3">Is eaten as spinach.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn580-3" title="Sonchus"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. cf. S. Bipontini</span> <em>Aschers.</em> +<span class="taxon bold">var. pinnatifida</span> <em>O.</em> & +<em>H.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn580-4" title="Sonchus"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. cornutus</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect herb, ½-2 ft. high. Leaves crowded near the +base, obovate, spathulate or pinnately-toothed, sessile, 1-8 in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Capit. yellow, fl. 20-27, in lax cymes; inner invol. +bracts 8-10, obtuse.</p> + +<p class="p2">North Sudan (between Suakin & Berber); Kassala Prov. +(Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol, +Wad Shellai).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn580-5" title="Sonchus"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. prenanthoides</span> <em>O.</em> & <em>H.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glaucous perennial, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves more crowded +at the base, subentire, pinnatifid-dentate, lower ones amplexicaul, +upper ones sessile, auricled. Capit. yellow, 20-25 flowered, +cymose; inner invol. 5, scarious.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="lobeliace">LOBELIACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn581"><span class= +"sn">581</span><span class="taxon bold">Lobelia inconspicua</span> +<em>Rich.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Dwarf annual, ½-1½ in. high. Leaves alt., small, oval +to round. Fl. solitary, axillary, longer than leaves. Cor. +2-lipped, upper 2-lobed, lower 3-fid; st. 5, filaments united at +top, 2 lower anthers bearded. Fruit a capsule.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn581-2" title="Lobelia"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. sp.</span> +</p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, leafy towards the base. Leaves lanceolate, +acute, 2 in. long, ¾ in. broad, serrate and densely ciliate. +Flowers few, cymose. Calyx lobes ⅙ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn581-3" title="Lobelia"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. sp. near L. senegalensis</span> <em>A. DC.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Much branched slender herb. Leaves narrowly +lanceolate<span class="pagenum" id="Page_299">[299]</span> serrate, +about 1 in. long, glabrous. Flowers on long slender pedicels, 1¼ +in. in fruit. Calyx-lobes about 1/12 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn581-4" title="Lobelia"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. trierarchi</span> <em>R. Good.</em> sp. nov.</p> + +<p class="p2">Herb. Leaves linear, denticulate, 1-1½ in. long, +glabrous. Flowers few, lax, pale blue, ⅓ in. long. Calyx-lobes 1/12 +in.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 5,000-9,000 ft.).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="campanulace">CAMPANULACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn582"><span class= +"sn">582</span><span class="taxon bold">Lightfootia sp.</span> +</p> + +<p class="p2">Erect, slender but rigid herb. Leaves lanceolate, +with wavy denticulate margins, ⅔ in. long. Flowers shortly +pedicellate. Fruit obconic, 1/10 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn582-2" title="Lightfootia"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. abyssinica</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrubby perennial, ab. 2 ft. high. Leaves alt., +lanceolate, 1½-3 in. long. Fl. small, in narrow, cymose, branched +panicles, 1 ft. or more long. Cor. deeply 5-lobed, ¼ in. long. +Stamens 5, free, filaments dilated at base. Capsule subglobose, +5-ribbed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn583"><span class= +"sn">583</span><span class="taxon bold">Wahlenbergia etbaica</span> +<em>Vatke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, 10 in. high, hispid below. Leaves alternate, +ovate-lanceolate, 2 in. long. Fl. small, white, terminal or +lateral, distant. Cor. lobes 5, short and broad; stamens 5, free; +capsules 5-valved.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Soturba).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn584"><span class= +"sn">584</span><span class="taxon bold">Sphenoclea zeylanica</span> +<em>Gærtn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous annual, 1-4 ft. high; stem fleshy. Leaves +alt., linear-lanceolate, 1-6 in. long. Fl. small, greenish-yellow, +in dense bracteate spikes, 1-3 in. long; cor. campanulate, 3-lobed; +anthers free; capsule depressed globose.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Upper White Nile +Prov. (Kio); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé, Niamniam-land: Atasilla +River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn585"><span class= +"sn">585</span><span class="taxon bold">Campanula +dimorphantha</span> <em>Schwfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Pubescent annual, 6-9 in. high. Leaves alt., +crenulate-dentate, ovate to linear-lanceolate, 1 in. long. Fl. +dimorphic, fertile ones minute, apetalous, cymose, sterile ones +solitary, ½ in. long; cor. blue; stigma 3-5-fid. Capsule crowned by +persistent calyx lobes.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia (Farek); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn585-2" title="Campanula"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. rigidipila</span> <em>Steud.</em> & +<em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial herb, 6-12 in. long, with long rigid hairs. +Leaves crowded, elliptic-lanceolate to obovate, ¼-1 in. long. Fl. +blue, solitary and terminal, 5-merous, ab. ½ in. diam.; stigma +3-5-fid; capsule as above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (J. Marra 6,500-9,000 ft.).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="gentianace"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_300">[300]</span>GENTIANACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn586"><span class= +"sn">586</span><span class="taxon bold">Belmontia sp.</span> +</p> + +<p class="p2">Tiny herb, 3 in. high. Leaves very small, opposite. +Flowers on long stalks, white.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn587"><span class= +"sn">587</span><span class="taxon bold">Faroa pusilla</span> +<em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Dwarf herb, ab. 1½ in. high. Leaves elliptic to +lanceolate, ¾-1 in. long, lower in a rosette, cauline opposite. Fl. +minute, white, 4-merous, in dense terminal or axillary clusters. +Capsule small, subglobose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn588"><span class= +"sn">588</span><span class="taxon bold">Enicostema littorale</span> +<em>Blume.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, 4-8 in. high. Leaves opp., linear or +lanceolate, ¾-3 in. long, sessile. Fl. in axillary clusters along +the stem, minute, 5-merous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nuba Mts. Prov. (towards Takale).</p> + +<p class="p3">Possesses much bitterness and is used as a stomachic. +It is also tonic and laxative.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn589"><span class= +"sn">589</span><span class="taxon bold">Canscora decussata</span> +<em>Roem.</em> & <em>Schultes.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect herb with 4-winged stem. Leaves opp., +lanceolate, ½ in. long. Cymes lax, terminal; cor. white or pale +pink, small, lobes 4; stamens 4, 1 perfect. Capsule ¼-in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land).</p> + +<p class="p3">The plant is a laxative and alterative, much praised +as a nervine tonic.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn589-2" title="Canscora"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. diffusa</span> <em>R. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect herb with 4-angled stems, ½-2 ft. high, less +robust than above. Leaves opp.; upper ovate, acute, short, lower +narrowed to base, ⅓-1½ in. long. Fl. numerous, in a lax, cymose +panicle; cor. pink, small; st. unequal. Capsule small.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: Kuddu).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn590"><span class= +"sn">590</span><span class="taxon bold">Neurotheca +loeselioides</span> <em>Oliv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small annual with 4-angled stem. Leaves opp., lower +lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, ⅓-¾ in. long, upper linear to +lanceolate, shorter. Fl. solitary, rarely 2, in each axil; calyx +8-ribbed, ⅙ in.; cor. pale blue, ab. ¼ in. long; lobes 4, short; +st. 4, unequal. Capsules small.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn591"><span class= +"sn">591</span><span class="taxon bold">Limnanthemum +niloticum</span> <em>Kotschy</em> & <em>Peyr.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Aquatic herb; stems erect or runner-like with alt. or +sub-opp. leaves or resembling petioles (false petioles). Leaves +orbicular with a deep sinus at base, 1-4 in. diam.; false petiole +bearing a cluster of 4-8 fl. a little below the leafblade; cor. +yellow; tube with 5 tufts of hair at the middle, lobes long +ciliate. Fr. subglobose, 7-10 seeded.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov. (near Abba Island); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Bongo-land, Jur-land, etc.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn592"><span class= +"sn">592</span><span class="taxon bold">Swertia cf. S. +abyssinica</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 9,000 ft.).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="primulace"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_301">[301]</span>PRIMULACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn593"><span class= +"sn">593</span><span class="taxon bold">Anagallis arvensis</span> +<em>Linn.</em> SABUNGHEYT, AIN EL JENEL & LUBBUN—Arab. The Common +Pimpernel.</p> + +<p class="p2">Diffuse glabrous herb. Leaves opposite, sessile, +ovate or elliptic-lanceolate. Fl. solitary, axillary, red, rose or +blue, 5-merous; capsule globose, splitting transversely round the +middle.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Khors Gwob & Tamanib, Erkowit & +Has Has); Fung Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">The plant is used in cerebral affections, leprosy, +hydrophobia, dropsy, etc. Said to be poisonous to dogs.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn594"><span class= +"sn">594</span><span class="taxon bold">Samolus Valerandi</span> +<em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous herb, up to 3 ft. high, with radical and +cauline obovate leaves. Fl. in terminal and axillary panicles, +small, white, 5-merous; stamens nearly sessile in cor. tube; +capsule 5-valved.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="plumbaginace">PLUMBAGINACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn595"><span class= +"sn">595</span><span class="taxon bold">Statice axillaris</span> +<em>Forsk.</em> Sea Lavender.</p> + +<p class="p2">Low, seaside undershrub. Leaves alt., oblanceolate to +spathulate, fleshy, 1-2 in. long; flowering-stem ½-1 ft. high. Fl. +purple and pink, in unilateral bracteate panicled spikes.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Littoral).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn596"><span class= +"sn">596</span><span class="taxon bold">Plumbago zeylanica</span> +<em>Linn.</em> TERMIS—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Scandent undershrub. Leaves alt., ovate-lanceolate, +1½ to 4 in. long. Fl. in terminal spikes; calyx tubular 5-toothed, +covered with stalked viscous glands; cor. white, salver-shaped; +tube exserted; capsule membranous, enclosed by persistent +calyx.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); +Kordofan Prov. (valleys near Turra); Nuba Mts. Prov. (El Mareikib); +Darfur Prov. (J. Burkin: Suruj District & 35 m. N.E. of El Fasher); +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Dukuttu & Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="p3">It is cultivated in gardens as an ornamental plant. +The root is said to have vesicant and tonic properties. In the +Congo the macerated leaves and lime juice are used for +blisters.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="plantaginace">PLANTAGINACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn597"><span class= +"sn">597</span><span class="taxon bold">Plantago lanceolata</span> +<em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb. Leaves lanceolate in a radical rosette. +Peduncles long, slender; heads globose or oblong; bracts ovate, as +long as calyx; sepals 4, 2 outer hairy; cor. lobes 4, ovate, +spreading; st. 4, twice as long as cor.; anthers versatile. Caps. +2-seeded.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° N.L.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn597-2" title="Plantago"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_302">[302]</span><span class="taxon bold">P. +stricta</span> <em>Schousb.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, 6-12 in. high. Leaves opp. or whorled, narrowly +linear. Heads many to a stem, globose, on ascending peduncles; +bracts ovate, longer than calyx; sepals 4, oblong, ⅛ in. long; cor. +lobes small, ovate; st. 4, short; caps. 2-seeded.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° N.L.); Between Atbara & +Red Sea.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn597-3" title="Plantago"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. ciliata</span> <em>Desf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, about 1½ in. high, with radical +obovate-oblanceolate acute leaves softly woolly all over. Peduncles +half as long as the leaves, about ¾ in.; heads oblong or ellipsoid, +⅓-½ in. long; bracts ovate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° N.L.).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="hydrophyllace">HYDROPHYLLACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn598"><span class= +"sn">598</span><span class="taxon bold">Hydrolea floribunda</span> +<em>Kotschy</em> & <em>Peyr.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Branched riverside herb. Leaves alt., linear, ½-2½ +in. long. Fl. in dense cymose, 6-8 in. long panicles, 5-merous; +cor. blue; lobes ¼ in. long; filaments dilated at base into 2 +upcurved auricles. Capsule ellipsoid, 1/7 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land, Dar Fertit, Banks +of the Jur River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn598-2" title="Hydrolea"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. graminifolia</span> <em>A. W. Bennett.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Marsh herb, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves alt., linear, 2-3 +in. long. Flowers corymbose, cymose panicles 3-8 in. long; cor. +blue, lobes ¼ in. long; stamen filaments dilated to a deltoid-ovate +base. Capsule globose or ellipsoid, ⅙ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (near Badari’s).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn598-3" title="Hydrolea"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. macrosepala</span> <em>A. W. Bennett.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Marsh herb, 8-24 in. high. Leaves alt., lanceolate to +linear, 1-2 in. long. Panicles lax, few-flowered, 3-12 in. long; +sepals cordate-ovate, ¼ in. long, enlarged in fruit; cor. blue, +shorter than calyx. Capsule ⅙ in., subglobose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="boraginace">BORAGINACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn599"><span class= +"sn">599</span><span class="taxon bold">Cordia abyssinica</span> +<em>R. Br.</em> AZANAYA (Baggara), TUMBAREIB (N. Kordn.), INDERAB, +or INDERAB ENTAYA (Fung), GAMBIL & GIMBIL (Gallabat)—Arab; +KWAKELANG (Dilling), ZAN (Rashad-Talodi) & KUII (J. Eliri)—Nuba; +BANJAM—Hameg.</p> + +<p class="p2">Medium-sized to large tree. Leaves alt., ovate or +suborbicular, up to 7 in. long. Cymes scorpioid (as in all this +family) forming a terminal panicle; calyx tubular, 10-furrowed; +cor. white, funnel-shaped, ¾ in. long; style twice forked; fruit +ovoid, ½ in. diam., smooth.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: near Gendua River); Blue +Nile Prov. (near Abu Shendy); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); +Kordofan<span class="pagenum" id="Page_303">[303]</span> Prov. +(Bara); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Niurnya 6,500 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Shambé & Deim Zobeir).</p> + +<p class="p3">Heartwood yellowish brown, polishes well, known in +Khartoum as Sudan Teak and used for cabinet work. Fruit edible.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn599-2" title="Cordia"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. Holstii</span> <em>Gürke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tree, 20 ft. high. Leaves alt., suborbicular, +subcordate, 3-5 in. long, densely yellow-tomentose beneath. Cymes +3-5 flowered, in lax terminal panicles; cor. white, ¾ in. long; +calyx 4-5 toothed, shallowly 10-furrowed; stamens 4-5; style +twice-forked.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Roseires).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn599-3" title="Cordia"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. ovalis</span> <em>R. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub or small tree; outer bark crustaceous, peels +off exposing young green-coloured bark. Leaves ovate to +suborbicular, 2-3 in. long, reddish pubescent beneath. Panicles +terminal, dense, shorter than leaves; calyx irregularly toothed, +not furrowed, ¼ in.; cor. 4-5 lobed, nearly ½ in. long; style +bipartite nearly to base.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (J. Serg); Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Bahr El +Jebel (Gigging).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn599-4" title="Cordia"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. crenata</span> <em>Del.</em> INDERAB—Arab; +BIZU—Hameg.</p> + +<p class="p2">Low tree. Leaves alt., obovate-cuneate, 2-3 in. long, +crenate or upper half entire. Cymes few-flowered; calyx +tubular-campanulate, not sulcate, silky inside; cor. ½ in. long; +style bipartite. Fr. ovoid, ½ in. long on enlarged, woody, crenate +calyx.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile Prov. (near Sheikh Talha); Nuba Mts. Prov. +(J. Fertangul).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn599-5" title="Cordia"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. Rothii</span> <em>Roem.</em> & <em>Schultes.</em> +MUNDERAB (N. Kordn.), INDERAB & INDERAB GIMBIL (Baggara) & GIMBIL +(White Nile)—Arab; KUGULI (Dilling)—Nuba; CHAWDAW & SHADASHU—Bari; +KAIT (L. Powendael), AKOIT (Bor), KIAT or SHAT or SHAT-AKOG +(Kenissa), AKOG (Renk) & AKOSH (Kaka)—Dinka; BIZU—Hameg; NIOT or +NYUAT—Nuer; GOI—Shilluk.</p> + +<p class="p2">Small tree. Leaves subopp., oblanceolate or oblong, +up to 3 in. long. Cymes terminal; cor. white, ¼ in. long; style +arms club-shaped. Fruit ovoid, orange, on saucer-shaped enlarged +calyx.</p> + +<p class="p2">Throughout the greater part of the Sudan.</p> + +<p class="p3">Heartwood brown, slightly scented like Sandal wood +and used as a substitute for it. The small orange berry has a sweet +pulp and is eaten. The bast yields a strong fibre. A gum exudes +from wounds.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn600"><span class= +"sn">600</span><span class="taxon bold">Ehretia Braunii</span> +<em>Vatke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub or small tree with grey striate bark. Leaves +alt., oval or obovate-oblong, emarginate, 1 in. long. Fl. in +scorpioid cymose panicles; cor. white, tipped purple,<span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_304">[304]</span> ¼ in. long, lobes and stamens +4-7; style bifid. Fr. a globose drupe.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn600-2" title="Ehretia"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. Stuhlmannii</span> <em>Gürke.</em> OWI—Bari.</p> + +<p class="p2">Small tree. Leaves alt., up to 4 in. long and 2¼ in. +broad, oval, acute or subacuminate, rough above, velvety pubescent +beneath. Cymes long-peduncled in axils of upper leaves; fl. +5-merous; cor. tube minute, lobes reflexed, white; stamens +long-exserted; style 2-lobed to the middle. Drupe small, +globose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Sheikh Tombé to Gigging).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn601"><span class= +"sn">601</span><span class="taxon bold">Coldenia procumbens</span> +<em>Linn.</em> YAKADI—Bari.</p> + +<p class="p2">Procumbent hairy herb. Leaves alt., oblong, crenate, +plicate, 1 in. long, upper smaller. Fl. solitary, axillary, or +upper ones in secund spikes, 4-merous; cor. ¼ in. long, 4-lobed. +Fr. mitre-like, depressed-globose, ⅙ in. diam., +glandular-hairy.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White +Nile Prov. (Jebelein); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Rashad); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov.; Bahr El Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<p class="p3">Equal parts of the dry plant and fœnu-greek seeds, +rubbed to a fine powder and applied warm to boils, quickly causes +them to suppurate. The fresh leaves, ground up, are applied to +rheumatic swelling.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn602"><span class= +"sn">602</span><span class="taxon bold">Heliotropium supinum</span> +<em>Linn.</em> GHUBEYRA—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Hairy decumbent herb. Leaves opp. or alt., oval or +oblong, crenate, up to 1½ in. long. Fl. in simple or forked +scorpioid spikes, 5-merous, small. Fruit of 1-2 nutlets, brown, +enclosed in persistent, hairy calyx.</p> + +<p class="p2">Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov. (Jongol’s +Post); White Nile Prov. (Salati); Kordofan Prov. (Hogel).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn602-2" title="Heliotropium"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. undulatum</span> <em>Vahl.</em> GHAREIR (N. +Kordn.)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bristly herb. Leaves alt., oblong to lanceolate, 2½ +in. long, undulate. Spikes many, short, dense scorpioid; fl. +minute, 5-merous. Fr. globose, sub-2-winged, nutlets 4.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea, Khartoum, Blue Nile, White Nile & Kordofan +Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn602-3" title="Heliotropium"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. rariflorum</span> <em>Stocks.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Woody perennial, white tomentose. Leaves alt., +linear, small, sessile, bristly-hairy. Spikes 3-5 flowered; fl. +minute; nutlets 4, hispid.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea & Mongalla Provinces.</p> + +<p class="p3">Administered externally and internally for +snake-bite.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn602-4" title="Heliotropium"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. strigosum</span> <em>Willd.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial with appressed white bristly hairs. Leaves +alt., linear or linear-lanceolate, up to 1¼ in. long. Scorpioid +spikes lax, 3 in. long; fl. minute; nutlets 4.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (from 21° N.L. southwards); +Kassala<span class="pagenum" id="Page_305">[305]</span> Prov. +(Gallabat, Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. +(J. Arashkol & Jebelein); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur +& Niamniam lands); Mongalla Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">Used as a laxative or diuretic. The juice is used for +snake-bite; as an application in ophthalmia and also for promoting +suppuration of gum-boils and to hasten healing of wounds and +ulcers.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn602-5" title="Heliotropium"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. Steudneri</span> <em>Vatke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Woody perennial with dense appressed white hairs. +Leaves alt., ovate-lanceolate, 1¼ in. long. Scorpioid spikes short, +dense; fl. 5-merous, minute; nutlets 4.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn602-6" title="Heliotropium"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. longiflorum</span> <em>Hochst.</em> & +<em>Steud.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Woody perennial with appressed white hairs. Leaves +alt., lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, up to 2-3 in. long. Spikes +lax, sometimes up to 6 or 9 in. long; cor. ab. ⅙ in. long, densely +pubescent outside; nutlets 4.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Khor Tamanib, Erkowit & Wadi +Omareg).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn602-7" title="Heliotropium"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. zeylanicum</span> <em>Lam.</em> UM MANAKHIR (N. +Kordn.), DAFARA (Egypt)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Woody perennial. Leaves alt., linear or +lin.-lanceolate, 1-3 in. long, with bulbous-based hairs. Spikes +lax, finally 6-9 in. long; cor. ¼ in. long, lobes 5, +caudate-acuminate; nutlets 4.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea, Khartoum, Blue Nile, & Kordofan +Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn602-8" title="Heliotropium"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. indicum</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect pilose annual. 1-3 ft. high. Leaves opp. and +alt., ovate, sinuate, up to 4 in. long; petiole 2 in. long, +narrowly-winged, spikes usually simple, ab. 5 in. long; cor. +5-lobed, lilac or white. Fr. deeply 2-lobed, each lobe with a short +bidentate beak and made up of 2 nutlets.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn602-9" title="Heliotropium"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. pallens</span> <em>Del.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect annual, 2 ft. high, branching, grey-woolly. +Leaves ovate, up to 2 in. long. Spikes simple or forked in a +terminal, sometimes leafy panicle; cor. white, ¼ in. long; nutlets +4.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Dongola Prov. (Omda); +Berber Prov. (El Damer); Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan +Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat mouth); Darfur Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn602-10" title="Heliotropium"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. ovalifolium</span> <em>Forsk.</em> RHIMTA (Meshra +El Zeraf)—Arab; AGANAMA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka.</p> + +<p class="p2">Widely-branched, silky, pubescent herb. Leaves alt., +obovate or elliptic, ⅓-1 in. long. Spikes numerous, dense, finally +2-3 in. long; calyx minute, 1 lobe broader; cor. small; nutlets 4, +hispid.</p> + +<p class="p2">Halfa Prov.; Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Berber +Prov.;<span class="pagenum" id="Page_306">[306]</span> Khartoum +Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile & Upper White Nile Provinces +(Geteina to Sobat mouth); Kordofan & Darfur Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn602-11" title="Heliotropium"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. europæum</span> <em>Linn.</em> KEREIRA (Blue Nile) +& DUKHAN EL AZABAT—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Erect herb, with short whitish hairs. Leaves alt., +oblong-rhomboidal. Spikes dense, finally lax and 2 in. long; fl. +minute, very hairy; nutlets 4, rugose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile Prov. (Gezira).</p> + +<p class="p3">Eaten by goats.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn602-12" title="Heliotropium"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. pterocarpum</span> <em>Hochst.</em> & +<em>Steud.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Slender short herb, densely hispid. Leaves alt., +oblong, small, crisped on the margin. Scorpioid spikes short, +dense; fl. 5-merous; calyx lobes free nearly to base, ¼ in. long; +cor. small; nuts glabrous, cohering in pairs, winged.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (near Erkowit).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn602-13" title="Heliotropium"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. arbainense</span> <em>Fresen.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Short, much branched perennial with soft whitish +hairs. Leaves alt., ovate or oblong, small. Spikes dense, finally +2-3 in. long; calyx glandular-hairy; cor. tube exserted. Nutlets 4, +rugose, glabrous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Coast of Nubia.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn603"><span class= +"sn">603</span><span class="taxon bold">Trichodesma +physaloides</span> <em>A. DC.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tuberous-rooted herb, 1-2 ft. high, hirsute or +glabrous. Leaves usually opp., sessile, ovate-lanceolate or +lanceolate, 1½-4 in. long, with white tubercles, especially on +upper surface. Panicle cymose, terminal, lax; calyx at first ½ in. +long, subglobose, 1 in. long in fruit; cor. up to 1½ in. diam., +white or blue, or white with blue spots in the throat, or blue with +yellow spots; anthers densely pilose on back. Nuts 4.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Deim +Zubeir & Mattu-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn603-2" title="Trichodesma"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. africanum</span> <em>R. Br.</em> HARRĪSH (N. +Kordn.)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, up to 3 ft. high. Leaves opp. or alt., ovate or +ovate-oblong, up to 5 in. long, with scattered white bulbous-based +hairs on both surfaces. Panicle many-flowered, terminal; fl. +5-merous; cor. blue, with 5 purple spots in the throat, under ½ in. +long; anthers with apical twisted horns; nutlets 4, scabrid, +spiny.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Khor Ashat); Khartoum Prov. (J. +Royan); Kordofan Prov. (North).</p> + +<p class="p3">The leaves are used as diuretic.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn603-3" title="Trichodesma"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. Bentii</span> <em>Baker</em> & <em>C. H. +Wright.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Densely hispid herb, 1 ft. high. Leaves opp., ovate, +2½ in. long, bulbous-based hairs added above to the others. Cymes +panicled, terminal; fl. 5-merous; cor. ⅓ in. diam., lobes +triangular-acuminate; anthers pilose on back, spirally awned.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° N.L., sea-coast to between +3,000 to 4,000 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn603-4" title="Trichodesma"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_307">[307]</span><span class="taxon bold">T. +zeylanicum</span> <em>R. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect herb, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves opp., or upper alt., +oblong-lanceolate, 1-3 in. long, pubescent and with bulbous-based +hairs. Cymes lax, terminal; cor. blue with a white eye, ½ in. +diam.; anthers awned; nutlets 4, ovoid, compressed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov. (Fazoghli & Jongol’s +Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. +(Gondokoro); Darfur (Jebel Marra: Wadi Gindi 7,300 ft.).</p> + +<p class="p3">Emollient poultices are made from the leaves.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn604"><span class= +"sn">604</span><span class="taxon bold">Cynoglossum +Hochstetteri</span> <em>Vatke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small hispid herb. Leaves alt., oblong, upper +sessile. Racemes lax, few-flowered; fl. 5-merous; corolla blue, +small, throat with scales inside; nutlets 4 with hooked spines on +margins and up the centre.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L., from coast-land to +3,000-4,000 ft.; Suakin, Erkowit, Has Has).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn604-2" title="Cynoglossum"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. lanceolatum</span> <em>Forsk.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Pilose herb, 4-6 ft. high. Leaves alt., +oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, 4-6 in. long, scabrid. Cymes lax, +finally 5-6 in. long; fl. 5-merous, minute; cor. white, sometimes +blue tinted; tube enclosed by 5 scales; nuts 4, covered with hooked +spines.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso +River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn605"><span class= +"sn">605</span><span class="taxon bold">Echinochilon +fruticosum</span> <em>Desf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Densely white hispid dwarf herb. Leaves alt., +lanceolate, ¼-½ in. long. Fl. sessile in axils of upper leaves, +cor. blue, 2-lipped; nuts 4.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia (coast-land).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn606"><span class= +"sn">606</span><span class="taxon bold">Arnebia hispidissima</span> +<em>DC.</em> GHAREIR (N. Kordn.)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tufted herb, covered with stiff, white hairs. +Stem-leaves lanceolate, sessile, ½-1 in. long, lower oblanceolate. +Spikes dense, finally elongated; fl. 5-merous; cor. yellow, ab. ½ +in. long; nuts 4.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (sea-coast to 3,000-4,000 ft. to +Erkowit); Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (several places); Darfur +Prov.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn607"><span class= +"sn">607</span><span class="taxon bold">Echium Rauwolfii</span> +<em>Del.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Hirsute herb, ab. 1 ft. high. Stem-leaves alt., +linear-oblong, small, sessile, covered with white, bulbous-based +bristles; radical leaves oblanceolate, 4-6 in. long. Spikes up to 6 +in. long; fl. 5-merous; cor. blue, funnel-shaped, ¾ in. long; nuts +4, shining.</p> + +<p class="p2">Dongola Prov.; Berber Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue +Nile Prov. (Wad Medani & Sennar); White Nile Prov. (Geteina).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn607-2" title="Echium"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. longifolium</span> <em>Del.</em> KAHALI—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Densely hirsute herb. Stem-leaves linear-oblong, +sessile, small; radical leaves oblanceolate. Spikes many, lax; cor. +blue, ab. ¾ in. long; nuts ⅙ in. diam., ovoid, rugose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Soturba Mts. 22° N.L.); +Dongola Prov. (Wadi Mahas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn607-3" title="Echium"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_308">[308]</span><span class="taxon bold">E. +arenarium</span> <em>Guss.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb with short, upward-pointing bristles. Leaves +alt., oblanceolate. Spikes lax; bracts large, ovate-lanceolate; fl. +5-merous; cor. blue, up to ½ in. long; nuts 4, tubercled. Blue Nile +Prov. (Wad Medani & Sennar); Fung Prov. (Roseires).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="solanace">SOLANACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn608"><span class= +"sn">608</span><span class="taxon bold">Solanum æthiopicum</span> +<em>Linn.</em> GUTA, QUTA, BEGINGAN EL GUTA—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tall unarmed herb. Leaves alt. or 2 at a node, +oblong, sinuate. Cymes umbellate, few-flowered; cor. white, +5-7-fid; st. 5-7, anthers conniving into a cone (as all in this +genus), dehiscing by terminal pores. Berry globose, pale red.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="p3">The fruit is used for flatulence, the roots also as a +remedy for colic.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn608-2" title="Solanum"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. nodiflorum</span> <em>Jacq.</em> HARSH +(Kaka)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Herb. Leaves ovate-acuminate, 4 in. long. Cymes +umbellate at or above the nodes, few-flowered; cor. rotate, white, +⅓ in. diam.; anther-pores large, oblique. Fr. globose, ½ in. diam., +black.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Roseires & Jongol’s Post); White Nile +Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Kaka wood station); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Bongo-land); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="p3">The deep purple juice of the berries can be used as +an ink.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn608-3" title="Solanum"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. nigrum</span> <em>Linn.</em> ENAB EL DIB—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Pubescent herb, up to 2 ft. high. Leaves obovate to +lanceolate, sinuate-dentate, up to 4 in. long. Cymes +extra-axillary, umbellate; cor. rotate, white, ¼ in. diam.; anther +pores terminal, oblique. Berry globose, ¼ in. diam., black, rarely +red or yellow.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Khor Tamanib, Soturba mountains, +seacoast); Khartoum, Blue Nile, Kordofan & Darfur Provinces.</p> + +<p class="p3">Berries black, used as a purgative. The whole plant +is used as an article of diet for dropsical patients and those +suffering from chronic inflammation of the liver.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn608-4" title="Solanum"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. schimperianum</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub, 5 ft. high; young parts stellate-hairy. Leaves +ovate, 1 in. long. Cymes few-flowered; fl. 4-merous; cor. ½ in. +diam. Berry globose, nearly ½ in. diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Between Suakin & Berber (Wadi Haraza).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn608-5" title="Solanum"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. albicaule</span> <em>Kotschy.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub with recurved spines on the stem; all parts +with white stellate tomentum. Leaves ovate, acuminate, sometimes +slightly lobed, 1½ in. long. Cymes extra-axillary; fl. 5-merous; +cor. rotate; lobes nearly ½ in. long. Berry globose, ¼ in. +diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov.; Kordofan.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn608-6" title="Solanum"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_309">[309]</span><span class="taxon bold">S. +hastifolium</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Undershrub with prickly stem. Leaves hastate and more +or less pinnately lobed, 1½ in. long, stellate-hairy. Fl. lateral +and terminal, solitary or racemose, 5-merous, stellately hairy; +cor. lobes under ½ in. long. Berry globose, ⅓ in. diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile Prov. (Abu Haraz); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s +Post); Kordofan Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Mongalla +Prov. (Mongalla to Bor).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn608-7" title="Solanum"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. anomalum</span> <em>Thonn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stellately tomentose shrub, prickly on stems, +branches, petioles and along the midrib of leaves. Leaves solitary +or geminate, ovate-oblong, pinnatifid. Cymes axillary, racemose; +fl. 4-merous; cor. white, rotate. Berry globose, red, nearly ½ in. +diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Assika River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn608-8" title="Solanum"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. aculeatissimum</span> <em>Jacq.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Armed undershrub, 1-2 ft. high; spines straight on +stems, branches, upper side of principal nerves and calyx lobes, +interspersed in the younger parts with stiff bristles as also on +leaves. Leaves solitary or geminate, broadly ovate or +ovate-cordate, pinnately 5-7 lobed, 4 in. long; petiole 1 in. long. +Cymes extra-axillary, few-flowered; fl. 5-merous; cor. rotate, 1 +in. diam., white. Fr. globose, 1 in. diam., smooth, orange.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Kenissa).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn608-9" title="Solanum"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. xanthocarpum var. Schraderi</span> +<em>Dunal.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Bushy herb armed with straight spines on stems, +branches, petiole and midrib of leaves. Leaves oblong or +oblong-lanceolate, pinnately 5-9 lobed, up to 5 in. long, +stellate-hairy when young. Cymes extra-axillary, 5-8 flowered; fl. +5-merous; cor. blue-purple, 1 in. diam. Berry size of a cherry, +yellow.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Blue Nile Prov. (Ganneib +Assad); Fung Prov. (Roseires & Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. +(Mulbes, Abu Haraza & Abu Felagi); Darfur Prov. (Kulme); Upper +White Nile Prov. (Sobat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land, +Nabambisso River); Mongalla Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn608-10" title="Solanum"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. dubium</span> <em>Fresen.</em> GUBEIN (N. +Kordn.)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bushy, mealy pubescent herb, armed on stem, leaves +and calyx. Leaves alt., upper ones geminate, unequally cordate, +ovate or ovate-lanceolate, wavy-sinuate. Cymes short, few-flowered; +fl. 5-merous; cor. violet. Berry globose, ¼ in. diam., yellow, +enclosed in spiny calyx.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Soturba); Berber Prov.; Khartoum +Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (several places); Darfur +Prov. (J. Berkin).</p> + +<p class="p3">The plant is pounded and put into water in which +hides are soaking to assist the removal of the hair.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn608-11" title="Solanum"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_310">[310]</span><span class="taxon bold">S. +incanum</span> <em>Linn.</em> GIBBEIN—Arab; MANIOP—Hadendowa; +TELELEH—Bari; DITAAK (or ATITĀK) (Kenissa)—Dinka.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tall, woody herb; all parts stellately woolly; +branches, leaves and calyx spiny. Leaves ovate or ovate-elliptic, 5 +in. long, sinuate. Fl. solitary or few together; cor. purple or +white, ab. 1 in. long. Fr. subglobose, 1½ in. diam., yellow.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Soturba to Erkowit); Berber Prov.; +Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov. (near Mashikha & Jongol’s Post); +Kordofan Prov. (Obeid); Darfur Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur +Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Gameiza).</p> + +<p class="p3">The seeds are used for curdling milk. The fruit is +said to be edible.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn608-12" title="Solanum"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. hybridum</span> <em>Jacq.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Armed pubescent shrub. Leaves geminate, ovate, +sinuate or entire, 3 in. long. Cymes racemose, umbellate or reduced +to a single flower; fl. 5-merous; calyx tube spiny; cor. +pale-purple, 1 in. diam. Berry 1 in. diam., orange-red.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn608-13" title="Solanum"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. cerasiferum</span> <em>Dunal.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stellate-hairy herb with spines on stem, leaves and +calyx. Leaves oblong, 2½ in. long, pinnately lobed. Cymes racemose; +5-merous; cor. violet, ¾ in. diam., densely stellate-hairy outside. +Berry subglobose, yellow.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn608-14" title="Solanum"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. Melongena</span> <em>Linn.</em> BEDINGAN—Arab; +JUYO—Krej. Egg Plant or Aubergine.</p> + +<p class="p3">Cultivated for its large purple-black fruit, which is +cooked as a vegetable.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn608-15" title="Solanum"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. duplosinuatum</span> <em>Klotzsch.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Undershrub, 3 ft. high; stem, leaves and calyx spiny +and stellate-hairy. Leaves bi- to tripinnatifid, 8 in. long, 5 in. +broad. Cymes racemose, few-flowered; fl. 5-merous; cor. mauve, 1½ +in. diam. Fr. globose, 1½ in. diam., white, streaked with +green.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the +Nabambisso River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn608-16" title="Solanum"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. campylacanthum</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub, 2-5 ft. high, with short recurved spines on +stem and midribs of leaves. Leaves alt., broadly lanceolate to +oval, entire or shallowly sinuate, up to 6 in. long, stellately +hairy on both surfaces. Cymes extra-axillary, few-flowered, +5-merous; cor. lilac, 1 in. diam. Berry globose, 1 in. diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn608-17" title="Solanum"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. pruinosum var. pilosulum</span> <em>Dunal.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb; branches white-waxy (pruinose). Leaves +rhomboid, cuneate, 2-3 in. long, hairy beneath. Racemes 6-7 +flowered, hairy on peduncles and flowers; fl. 5-merous: cor. white, +under ½ in. diam. Berry size of a pea.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn608-18" title="Solanum"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_311">[311]</span><span class="taxon bold">S. +sp.?</span> HAMASHANAK—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Unarmed shrub.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn609"><span class= +"sn">609</span><span class="taxon bold">Physalis minima</span> +<em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Villous herb, 1 ft. high. Leaves ovate or subcordate, +acuminate, entire or sinuate-dentate, 1¼ in. long. Fl. solitary, +5-merous; calyx campanulate, 5-angled, enlarging in fruit to ½ in. +diam.; cor. yellow, ¼ in. long. Berry globose, ¼ in. diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Belgian Congo +(Niamniam-land: Mbrwole).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn609-2" title="Physalis"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. angulata</span> <em>Linn.</em> <span class= +"taxon bold">var.</span></p> + +<p class="p2">Bushy herb with yellow flowers; calyx accrescent in +fruit.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (El Obeid).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn610"><span class= +"sn">610</span><span class="taxon bold">Capsicum frutescens</span> +<em>Linn.</em> SHATTA & FILFIL AHMAR—Arab; RARIA—Zande. Red +Pepper.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrubby herb, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves ovate acuminate, +variable in size. Fl. solitary or in pairs, 5-merous; cor. white or +pale yellow. Berry spindle-shaped, red.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung, Bahr El Ghazal & Kordofan Provinces +(cultivated).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn610-2" title="Capsicum"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. annuum</span> <em>Linn.</em> FILFIL AHMAR—Arab. +Cayenne Pepper.</p> + +<p class="p2">Much like above. Cor. lobes 5-6, greenish-white. +Berry oblong-linear, under 1½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Cultivated in various parts.</p> + +<p class="p3">Fruit, picked green or when ripe, is used to make +sauces. It is also dried and ground for use like Cayenne +pepper.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn611"><span class= +"sn">611</span><span class="taxon bold">Lycopersicum +esculentum</span> <em>Mill.</em> BANADURO or TOMATUM—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tomato Plant.</p> + +<p class="p2">Cultivated throughout the country.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn612"><span class= +"sn">612</span><span class="taxon bold">Withania somnifera</span> +<em>Dun.</em> MORGAN, SIM EL FAR, SAKARAN, FOQQESH—Arab; +MEIKA-IS—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Large bushy or decumbent herb, growing in swampy +ground, often on termite mounds. Leaves ovate or variable, up to 2½ +in. long, tomentose. Fl. 4-6 in axillary fascicles, 5-merous; calyx +campanulate, much enlarged in fruit; cor. pale-green, under ¼ in. +long. Berry globose, ¼ in. diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit, Sinkat); Kassala Prov.; +Dongola Prov. (Merowe); Fung Prov. (Roseires); Kordofan Prov. +(Bara); Darfur Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Kodok); Bahr El +Ghazal & Mongalla Provinces.</p> + +<p class="p3">The seeds are used to coagulate milk. The root is +said to have tonic and diuretic properties.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn613"><span class= +"sn">613</span><span class="taxon bold">Lycium persicum</span> +<em>Miers.</em> SAMŪNAT—Rashida; TISHANU—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub; shortened branches often spiny. Leaves +spathulate-obovate or oblong, ¼-¾ in. long. Fl. solitary, +tubular,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_312">[312]</span> 5-merous; +cor. blue-purple, ¾ in. long. Berries globose, scarlet.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">The scarlet berries are said to be eaten.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn614"><span class= +"sn">614</span><span class="taxon bold">Datura Stramonium</span> +<em>Linn.</em> SAKARAN—Arab; TARME (Dilling)—Nuba. The +Thorn-apple.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bushy herb or undershrub. Leaves ovate, coarsely +toothed or lobed, up to 9 in. long. Fl. solitary in forks of +branches, 5-merous; cor. white, 3-4 in. long, +tubular-funnel-shaped. Caps. 2 in. long, echinate, ovoid.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Dongola Prov.; +Berber Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Nuba +Mts. Prov. (Dilling).</p> + +<p class="p3">The seeds are poisonous and a powerful narcotic. The +active principles are Hyoscyamine and a small quantity of +Scopolamine.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn614-2" title="Datura"><span class= +"taxon bold">D. Metel</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">More pubescent; flowers larger than above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Khartoum, Kordofan & Darfur Provinces.</p> + +<p class="p3">Poisonous; similar to <i>D. Stramonium</i>.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn615"><span class= +"sn">615</span><span class="taxon bold">Hyoscyamus muticus</span> +<em>Linn.</em> SAKARAN—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Stout leafy herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves broadly +lanceolate, 4-6 in. long, entire or dentate; petiole 1½-2½ in. +long, winged. Fl. axillary and in unilateral scorpioid terminal +spikes or racemes, 5-merous; calyx accrescent; cor. greenish-white +tipped with purple. Caps. subglobose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Dongola Province.</p> + +<p class="p3">A powerful narcotic drug, the toxic principles are +Hyoscyamine and Hyosine.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn616"><span class= +"sn">616</span><span class="taxon bold">Nicotiana Tabacum</span> +<em>Linn.</em> DUKHĀN—Arab; TABBA—Bongo; TĀB & TABBO—Dinka; +TOL—Nuer; GUNDEH—Zande. Tobacco Plant.</p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, up to 6 ft. high, viscid all over. Leaves +lanceolate to ovate, lower up to 2 ft. long, amplexicaul. Panicle +terminal; fl. 5-merous; cor. pink, white or pale yellow; tube long. +Caps. conical.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov.; +Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Darfur Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">Cultivated. The leaves are very imperfectly cured by +the natives, and are very rank and coarse. The plant grows freely +and yields heavily.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn616-2" title="Nicotiana"><span class= +"taxon bold">N. rustica</span> <em>Linn.</em> DUKHĀN—Arab; DĀ (J. +Ghulfan)—Nuba; MASHIR—Bongo.</p> + +<p class="p2">Differs from above by smaller leaves and +greenish-yellow flowers in closer panicles.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov.; Nile Banks (17° N.L.); Kordofan Prov. +(Bara); Darfur Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Nuba Mts. +Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_313">[313]</span>The +principal tobacco of the Nile Basin, cultivated for smoking and +chewing. The Nicotine content is low.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn617"><span class= +"sn">617</span><span class="taxon bold">Schwenkia americana</span> +<em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Much branched, pubescent herb. Leaves alt., lower +ovate and petioled, upper oblong and sessile, ¾ in. long. Panicle +lax, terminal; calyx 5-toothed; cor. pale violet, 5-toothed, 2 +upper longer, total length ⅓ in.; stamens 4, didynamous. Caps. +subglobose, ¼ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Kutshuk Ali, Jur Ghattas & +Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River).</p> + +<p class="p3">Used as a fish poison on the West Coast.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn617-2" title="Schwenkia"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. hirta</span> <em>Klotzsch.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Hirsute herb, 2 ft. high. Leaves ovate or oblong, ⅔ +in. long. Panicle large, lax; cor. tubular, under ½ in. long, pale +violet or yellow, lobes equal; st. 2. Caps. ¼ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="convolvulace">CONVOLVULACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn618"><span class= +"sn">618</span><span class="taxon bold">Ipomœa verticillata</span> +<em>Forsk.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herbaceous twiner. Leaves alt., as in all this order, +cordate-ovate, 1-2 in. long, pubescent. Fl. 1-2, on short pedicels, +on axillary peduncles; cor. whitish, subcampanulate, ¼ in. long; +midpetaline area well defined as in all the genus. Capsule globose, +⅓ in. diam., glabrous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Between Kassala & Goz Regeb; Berber Prov. (Zeidab); +Khartoum Prov. (Burri); Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. +Arashkol).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn618-2" title="Ipomoea"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. eriocarpa</span> <em>R. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Pubescent twiner. Leaves from cordate-ovate to +linear-oblong, 1-5 in. long. Fl. in sessile axillary clusters, +5-merous; sepals hairy, ¼ in. long; cor. white, pink or purple, ab. +⅓ in. long. Capsule globose, hairy, ¼ in. diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Berber Prov. +(Metemma); Khartoum Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Bongo-land: Gir); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn618-3" title="Ipomoea"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. sulphurea</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Trailing herb, pubescent. Leaves elliptic-ovate, +obtuse, 1-2 in. long, usually shallowly cordate. Fl. axillary, +clustered; cor. sulphur-yellow, ¼ in. long. Capsule globose, hairy, +¼ in. diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (Obeid & Abu Helafi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn618-4" title="Ipomoea"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. curtipes</span> <em>Rendle.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Finely pubescent twining herb. Leaves linear-oblong, +cordate-ovate below, 1-2 in. long. Fl. axillary, solitary on ¼ in. +pedicel; cor. purplish, hairy, funnel-shaped, ½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn618-5" title="Ipomoea"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. blepharophylla</span> <em>Hallier f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Trailing herb with short yellowish spreading hairs. +Leaves linear to lin.-oblong, 1½-3 in. long, margins densely +ciliolate.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_314">[314]</span> Fl. +solitary, axillary; cor. reddish, funnel-shaped, 2 in. long. Caps. +glabrous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Niamniam-land); +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn618-6" title="Ipomoea"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. coscinosperma</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Trailing, slightly hairy annual. Leaves +lin.-lanceolate or obl.-lanceolate, 1½-2½ in. long. Fl. 1-2, +axillary; cor. red, ⅓ in. long. Capsule glabrous, globose, ¼ in. +diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); White Nile Prov. +(J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (near Abu Gerad).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn618-7" title="Ipomoea"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. kotschyana</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Pubescent twiner. Leaves orbicular, 1-2 pinnatifid, +1-1½ in. diam. Fl. solitary axillary; cor. funnel-shaped, ab. ⅓ in. +long. Caps. globose, glabrous, ¼ in. diam., 3-celled.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Barkin, in Suruj +Dist.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn618-8" title="Ipomoea"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. cardiosepala</span> <em>Hochst.</em> HANTUD or +KHANTUT—Arab; TABĀR—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Creeping and twining, pilose herb. Leaves cordate, +ovate, 1-2 in. long. Peduncles axillary, 1-3 flowered; fl. +5-merous; 3 outer sepals ovate-cordate, 2 inner lanceolate, ¼ in. +long; cor. purplish, funnel-shaped, ½ in. long. Caps. globose, +glabrous, ¼ in. diam., 2-celled; seeds densely tomentose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Fung +Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan +Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn618-9" title="Ipomoea"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. mombassana</span> <em>Vatke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Laxly pilose trailing and climbing herb. Leaves +ovate, cordate-sagittate, 1-3 in. long. Fl. axillary, solitary or +in few-flowered cymes; cor. white with purple throat, +funnel-shaped, 1-2 in. long; sepals linear-hastate. Caps. +glabrous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Upper White Nile Prov. (Kaka & Meshra El Zeraf +woodstations).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn618-10" title="Ipomoea"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. cordofana</span> <em>Choisy.</em> TEBR or TIBR +(White Nile)—Arab; KARA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka.</p> + +<p class="p2">Hairy creeper. Leaves ovate-orbicular, broadly +cordate, 1-3 in. long; petiole 1-2 in. long. Peduncles 1-3 +flowered; bracts ovate, foliaceous; cor. white, funnel-shaped, 1-2 +in. long. Caps. globose, ⅓ in. diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile, White Nile & Upper White Nile Provinces +(J. Arashkol, El Dueim to Meshra El Zeraf); Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn618-11" title="Ipomoea"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. pileata</span> <em>Roxb.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Pilose twiner. Leaves cordate-ovate, ab. 2 in. long. +Fl. enclosed in a large boat-shaped bract; cor. cylindrical, tube 1 +in. long; limb spreading, 1 in. diam. Caps. globose, small.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn618-12" title="Ipomoea"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. chloroneura</span> <em>Hallier f.</em> LUAE (J. +Eliri)—Nuba.</p> + +<p class="p2">Erect branching herb with dense white and yellow +hairs. Leaves lin.-lanceolate to oval, 1-2 in. long. Fl. in small +dense heads, outer bracts foliaceous; cor. white or +pale-yellow,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_315">[315]</span> +funnel-shaped, under ½ in. Caps. globose; seeds fawny, +silky-pubescent.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Eliri).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn618-13" title="Ipomoea"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. involucrata</span> <em>P. Beauv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Slender, finely hairy or glabrescent twiner. Leaves +cordate-ovate, 1½-3 in. long; petiole as long. Peduncle 1-3 in. +long; fl. several in a head, enclosed in a large, 2-cusped, +foliaceous, boat-shaped bract, 2 in. diam.; cor. bright pink, 1-2 +in. long, funnel-shaped; limb 1½-2 in. diam. Caps. small, globose, +glabrous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn618-14" title="Ipomoea"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. amœna</span> <em>Choisy.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Twiner with soft yellow hairs, mixed in younger parts +with white hairs. Leaves ovate, shallowly cordate, 1-3½ in. long. +Fl. in dense hairy cymose heads; cor. purple-violet or cream, with +crimson throat, ab. ½ in. long. Capsules small, glabrous, +2-celled.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Fung & Kordofan Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn618-15" title="Ipomoea"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. chætocaulos</span> <em>Hallier f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Twining herb with golden bristly hairs. Leaves +suborbicular, cordate, 3½ in. long; petiole 4 in. long. Fl. in +dense heads; bracts ovate, ¾ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn618-16" title="Ipomoea"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. Pes-tigridis</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Twining annual with long fulvous hairs. Leaves +palmately 7-9 lobed, 1½-2½ in. long, 2-3 in. broad; lobes narrowly +oval; petiole 1½-2½ in. long. Peduncles longer than petioles, +bearing dense hirsute, few-flowered heads; bracts foliaceous, +oblong; cor. funnel-shaped, purple, ab. 1½ in. long. Caps. brown, +glabrous; seeds black, shortly pubescent.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (Abu +Haraz).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn618-17" title="Ipomoea"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. hederacea</span> <em>Jacq.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Slender, hairy twiner. Leaves shallowly +cordate-ovate, rather shallowly 3-lobed, 2-5 in. long. Peduncle 1-5 +flowered; sepals with a long, narrow point, ¾-1 in. long; cor. +funnel-shaped, 2-3 in. long, usually ashy-blue with a white tube. +Caps. small, 3-celled; seeds 6, smooth.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Berber Prov. +(Metemma); Blue Nile Prov.; Fung, Kordofan, Upper White Nile & +Darfur Provinces.</p> + +<p class="p3">The seeds, powdered with ginger, are used as a +purgative.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn618-18" title="Ipomoea"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. pilosa</span> <em>Sweet.</em> UM SHE’ERA (Meshra El +Zeraf)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Twining herb with yellowish-white hairs. Leaves +cordate-ovate, 2-4 in. long, palmately 3-lobed with white tomentum +beneath. Fl. laxly cymose on 1-2 in. long, hairy peduncles, +5-merous; sepals linear-acuminate, glandular; cor. purple-carmine, +funnel-shaped, 1 in. long. Capsule globose; ripe seeds hanging by +filaments out of capsule.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Berber +Prov.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_316">[316]</span> (Metemma); +Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile +Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf).</p> + +<p class="p3">The roots are pounded and an infusion drunk to calm +abdominal pains.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn618-19" title="Ipomoea"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. obscura</span> <em>Ker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Pubescent twiner. Leaves ovate, cordate, 1½-2 in. +long. Peduncle ½-1 in. long, 1-3 flowered; cor. white with a purple +base, funnel-shaped, 1 in. long, 1-1½ in. diam. Caps. globose, +glabrous, ⅜ in. diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Between Kassala & Suakin (J. Erkeneb); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn618-20" title="Ipomoea"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. near I. obscura</span> <em>Ker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves gland-dotted, cordate to subhastate or +deltoid.</p> + +<p class="p2">Upper White Nile Prov. (Kio); Mongalla Prov. (above +Bor).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn618-21" title="Ipomoea"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. fragilis</span> <em>Choisy.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Slender twiner. Leaves narrowly cordate-ovate, +acuminate, 1-2 in. long. Fl. 1-2 axillary, on long peduncles +exceeding the leaves; cor. white or buff, funnel-shaped, ¾ in. +long. Caps. glabrous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (Obeid); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur +Ghattas, Western Bongo-land & Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn618-22" title="Ipomoea"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. acanthocarpa</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous twiner. Leaves cordate-ovate, 1-3 in. long; +petiole 1-3 in. long. Peduncle 1-3 flowered; cor. white or +pale-purple, funnel-shaped, 1 in. long. Caps. globose, tipped with +persistent style base.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (Obeid); Nuba Mts. Prov. (near +Talodi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn618-23" title="Ipomoea"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. cf. I. acanthocarpa</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn618-24" title="Ipomoea"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. hellebarda</span> <em>Schwfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tuberous-rooted twiner. Leaves very variable, ovate +to sagittate or hastate, 2-3 in. long. Peduncle 1½-3 in. long, +bearing a few-flowered cyme; cor. bright red-purple, 2 in. long, +funnel-shaped, ab. 2 in. diam. Caps. globose; seeds 4, +brown-velvety.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: around Matamma); Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn618-25" title="Ipomoea"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. aquatica</span> <em>Forsk.</em> FARU (Meshra El +Zeraf), ARKALA (Kordn.)—Arab; AFAT (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka.</p> + +<p class="p2">Hollow-stemmed trailing and twining herb, also +floating on the water. Leaves cordate-ovate or hastate, 3-6 in. +long, on long petioles. Peduncles 1-2 in. long, 1- few-flowered; +cor. bright-purple, 2-3 in. long, funnel-shaped; limb spreading, 2½ +in. diam.; capsule globose, ⅓ in. diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Between Berber & +Khartoum; Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Wad Shellai<span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_317">[317]</span> and edges of the Nile); +Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. +Most parts of the Sudan, growing in or near water.</p> + +<p class="p3">The young shoots are eaten. It is the important +factor in binding together Sudd plants.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn618-26" title="Ipomoea"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. near I. leucantha</span> <em>Webb.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Twiner with linear, hastate leaves. Cor. white with +purple-lilac centre.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Mongalla Prov. (Bor).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn618-27" title="Ipomoea"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. repens</span> <em>Lam.</em> ABU HALAGIN—Arab; +TARASHO—Bari.</p> + +<p class="p2">Trailing perennial with hollow stem, growing on muddy +banks. Leaves cordate, orbicular or reniform, 3-6 in. diam.; +petiole 1-4 in. long. Peduncles 1-4 in. long, bearing a few to many +flowered cyme; cor. red or purple, funnel-shaped, 2-3 in. long. +Capsule globose; seeds size of a pea.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov. (banks of the +Nile); Kordofan Prov. (south, swamps); Darfur Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Jur-land); Mongalla Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn618-28" title="Ipomoea"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. Batatas</span> <em>Lam.</em> BOMBAY—Arab; BAMBE +(red var.) or AMBIRIA & BAZAMBE (white var.)—Zande. Sweet +Potato.</p> + +<p class="p2">White, red or rarely yellow tuberous-rooted +perennial. Leaves very variable, more or less trilobed, 3-4 in. +long; petiole long. Cymes dense on long peduncles; cor. reddish, 1½ +in. long, funnel-shaped.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan & Mongalla Provinces and other parts of the +Sudan.</p> + +<p class="p3">Cultivated for its tuber.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn618-29" title="Ipomoea"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. near I. Batatas</span> <em>Lam.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn618-30" title="Ipomoea"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. dissecta</span> <em>Willd.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Slender trailing herb. Leaves digitate with 5 deeply +pinnatifid to pinnatisect segments, 1-1½ in. diam. Fl. 1-3 on +peduncles shorter than the leaves; cor. white, funnel-shaped, ½ in. +long. Caps. globose, 3-celled.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan & Mongalla Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn618-31" title="Ipomoea"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. pulchella</span> <em>Roth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Slender twiner. Leaves deeply divided into 5 elliptic +segments, the 2 lower bilobed, segments ¾-1 in. long. Fl. solitary, +axillary; cor. rose-purple, ½ in. long; tube inflated, limbs +spreading. Caps. ⅓ in. diam.; seeds hairy.</p> + +<p class="p2">Khartoum Prov. (Soba); White Nile Prov. (J. +Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Kaka).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn618-32" title="Ipomoea"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. palmata</span> <em>Forsk.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Twining herb. Leaves with 5 lanceolate segments, the +2 lower bilobed, 1-3 in. long; petiole same length, based by 2 +stipular, 7-8 partite leaves. Cymes axillary, lax, few to many +flowered; cor. red-purple, 1½-2 in. long, funnel-shaped. Caps. +globose, under ½ in. diam.; seeds 4, white, hairy.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_318">[318]</span>Khartoum, Blue Nile, Fung, White Nile, +Kordofan & Mongalla Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn618-33" title="Ipomoea"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. dasysperma</span> <em>Jacq.</em> ABU ’ELEIBA +(Hillet Abbas)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Herbaceous twiner. Leaves as above or doubly +tripartite, 2-3 in. long. Fl. 1-3 on short peduncles; sepals +slightly spurred at base; cor. buff with purple throat; limb +spreading, 1½-2 in. diam. Caps. globose; seeds 4, orange, +pilose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile, Fung, White Nile (Hillet Abbas) & Kordofan +Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn618-34" title="Ipomoea"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. magnifica</span> <em>Hallier f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub, 4-6 ft. high. Leaves ovate-suborbicular, ab. 5 +in. long, undulate, grey-pubescent beneath. Fl. solitary, axillary; +cor. white-rose, 5 in. long and broad, funnel-shaped.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn618-35" title="Ipomoea"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. verbascoidea</span> <em>Choisy.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub, 3-5 ft. high, with yellow or white, woolly +tomentum. Leaves cordate-oblong, 3-6 in. long, with 2 glands near +junction of petiole. Peduncle 1-3 flowered, up to 1 in. long; cor. +rose-purple, 3-4 in. long, funnel-shaped. Caps. globose; seeds ¼ +in. long, covered with fulvous wool.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land & Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn618-36" title="Ipomoea"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. lilacina</span> <em>Blume.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Strong twiner. Leaves cordate-ovate, sometimes +3-lobed, 3-4 in. long, more or less pubescent. Peduncle 2-5 in. +long, many-flowered; cor. lilac-pink, 1½-2 in. long, funnel-shaped. +Caps. globose; seeds hairy.</p> + +<p class="p2">Upper White Nile Prov. (Kodok); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(main River); Bahr El Jebel (Sudd).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn618-37" title="Ipomoea"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. eurysepala</span> <em>Hallier f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Dwarf hairy herb. Leaves elongate-ovate, up to 2 in. +long. Fl. axillary, 1-2 together; sepals nearly ½ in. long, broadly +ovate; cor. ½ in. long. Caps. glabrous; seeds 4, pale-yellow.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn618-38" title="Ipomoea"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. convolvulifolia</span> <em>Hallier f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Procumbent herb with fulvous hairs. Leaves cordate, +subsagittate, 1 in. long, pubescent. Peduncles short, 1-2 flowered; +cor. rose-red, 1 or more in. long. Caps. glabrous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Gumango +hill).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn618-39" title="Ipomoea"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. digitata</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Twiner, with fleshy, tuberous root. Leaves palmately +3-9 lobed, 4-8 in. long, shallowly cordate. Cymes compound, several +to many-flowered; cor. bright red-purple, centre darker, +campanulate funnel-shaped, 2-3 in. long. Caps. globose; seeds with +tawny-white hairs.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the +Nabambisso River, & Bongo-land: Kulongo).</p> + +<p class="p3">The tuberous roots are used medicinally in India.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn618-40" title="Ipomoea"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_319">[319]</span><span class="taxon bold">I. +near I. incomta</span> <em>Hallier f.</em> TUDU (J. +Eliri)—Nuba.</p> + +<p class="p2">Stout twiner. Leaves cordate ovate, silvery pubescent +or tomentose. Cor. white, funnel-shaped, 2½ in. long; sepals hairy. +Seeds silky-hairy.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Eliri); Darfur Prov. (Kulme).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn619"><span class= +"sn">619</span><span class="taxon bold">Merremia +kentrocaulos</span> <em>Rendle.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Twining perennial. Leaves palmately 5-7 partite, 3-6 +in. long. Fl. laxly cymose; cor. yellow, red at base, +funnel-shaped, 2-2½ in. long. Caps. ellipsoid, ½-¾ in. long, +2-celled; seeds 4, black.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Mittu & Bongo lands); Bahr El Jebel (Nyangara).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn619-2" title="Merremia"><span class= +"taxon bold">M. pterygocaulos</span> <em>Hallier f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Reddish herbaceous twiner; stem, petioles and +peduncles winged. Leaves palmately 3-lobed, 2-4 in. long, deeply +cordate. Cymes few to many-flowered; cor. white, or pale yellow +with purple throat. Caps. globose, under ½ in. diam., seeds grey to +blackish, size of a pea.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Wadi El Gamalu); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(mouth of Bahr El Arab); Mongalla Prov. (North of Gondokoro).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn619-3" title="Merremia"><span class= +"taxon bold">M. pedata</span> <em>Hallier f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Twiner. Leaves pedately 5-lobed, segments filiform. +Peduncle 1-flowered; cor. probably white, streaked with purple.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Suakin & Khor Tamanib).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn619-4" title="Merremia"><span class= +"taxon bold">M. palmata</span> <em>Hallier f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Climbing or trailing herb. Leaves palmately deeply +5-lobed, lowest pair sometimes unequally forked, 1½-2½ in. long. +Peduncle 1-flowered, up to 3 in. long, thickened above; cor. +probably pale-yellow, 1 in. long, funnel-shaped.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Khor Gweb near Tamanib).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn619-5" title="Merremia"><span class= +"taxon bold">M. pentaphylla</span> <em>Hallier f.</em> ’ERG EL +M’OTERASH, TĀTAMBA, SHEHER & TORFRID (Kordn.) & UM GEREISĀT (N. +Kordn.), SHAG EL FIL—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Slender twiner, hirsute with yellowish hairs. Leaves +deeply 5-lobed, 2-4 in. long; petiole 2-4 in. long. Peduncle as +long as leaf, few or many-flowered; cor. white or yellowish, 1 in. +long, campanulate funnel-shaped. Caps. ½ in. diam.; enclosed in +persistent hairy sepals; seeds brown, glabrous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov. (Jongol’s +Post); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn619-6" title="Merremia"><span class= +"taxon bold">M. gallabatensis</span> <em>Hallier f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb with only one long-stalked leaf, which is +ovate-oblong, subcordate, 4 in. long, irregularly lobed. Peduncle +longer than leaf; cymes dense, many-flowered; cor. about ⅔ in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn619-7" title="Merremia"><span class= +"taxon bold">M. xanthophylla</span> <em>Hallier f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Trailing or climbing herb, clothed with yellow-brown +hairs.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_320">[320]</span> Leaves +pinnately 5-9 lobed, 2½ in. by 2 in., shallowly cordate. Peduncle +1-2 in. long; cymes few-flowered; cor. whitish, ½ in. long, +funnel-shaped.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn619-8" title="Merremia"><span class= +"taxon bold">M. angustifolia</span> <em>Hallier f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Twiner. Leaves linear, auricled and hastate at base, +1-3 in. long. Peduncle 1-3 flowered, 1 in. long; cor. pale yellow, +ab. ½ in. long. Caps. globose, ¼ in. diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (J. Kon, etc.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Jur Ghattas); Bahr El Jebel (Shambé, Bahr El Ghazal Prov. to +Mongalla, etc.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn619-9" title="Merremia"><span class= +"taxon bold">M. pinnata</span> <em>Hallier f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Trailing or twining annual, hairy all over. Leaves +pinnately divided to the midrib, 1 in. long. Peduncles 1-3 +flowered; bracts linear; cor. yellow or white, small. Caps. hairy, +¼ in. diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Bongo-land); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn619-10" title="Merremia"><span class= +"taxon bold">M. emarginata</span> <em>Hallier f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Trailing herb with a long, woody root. Leaves +orbicular or reniform, ½-1 in. broad. Fl. 1-2 axillary, sessile; +cor. yellow with dark eye, small. Caps. globose, ¼ in. diam., +glabrous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gedaref); Fung Prov.; Upper White Nile +Prov. (Fashoda to Barboi); Mongalla Prov. (Nuer-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn619-11" title="Merremia"><span class= +"taxon bold">M. convolvulacea</span> <em>Dennst.</em> OWARIDA +(Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Slender twiner. Leaves subcordate or 3-lobed, ½-1½ +in. long. Fl. 1 to many, cymose; peduncle ¼-2 in. long; cor. yellow +subcampanulate, ⅓ in. long; limb ½ in. diam. with 5 violet lines. +Caps. ovoid-globose, ¼ in. diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung, Kordofan, Upper White Nile, Bahr El Ghazal +(Wau) & Mongalla Provinces.</p> + +<p class="p3">The Arabs at Meshra El Zeraf believe that if the +barrel of a gun be held over the smoke of a fire made with the +roots of this plant, it will in future shoot straight.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn620"><span class= +"sn">620</span><span class="taxon bold">Calonyction +speciosum</span> <em>Choisy.</em> Moon-flower.</p> + +<p class="p2">Stout climber; stems smooth or with fleshy tubercles. +Leaves cordate-ovate, long acuminate, 4-6 in. long; petiole about +as long. Peduncle as long as petiole, 1-6 flowered; 3 outer sepals +abruptly aristate, ab. ¾ in. long; cor. white, salver-shaped, +opening at night; tube cylindric, 3-4 in. long; limb 4-6 in. diam. +Caps. large, ovoid, 1 in. long; seeds dark brown.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn620-2" title="Calonyction"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. muricatum</span> <em>G. Don.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Wide-climbing twiner, stems with fleshy spine-like +tubercles. Leaves cordate-ovate, acuminate, 4-5 in. long. Peduncle +short or long, 1-6 flowered; pedicel much swollen in young fruit; +cor. pale rose or lilac, opening at night; tube 2-2½ in. +long,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_321">[321]</span> passing into +a funnel-shaped limb, 2 in. diam.; cap. globose up to 1 in. diam; +seeds 4, white (?or brown).</p> + +<p class="p2">Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Bongo-land).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn621"><span class= +"sn">621</span><span class="taxon bold">Astrochlæna +lachnosperma</span> <em>Hallier f.</em> UM GHALEILA +(Kordn.)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Erect perennial with stellate hairs (as others in +this genus), hairs white. Leaves ovate or elliptic, 1½-3 in. long; +petiole 1-2 in. long. Fl. solitary or umbellate; cor. purple and +lilac, ¾ in. long, funnel-shaped. Caps. globose, ⅓ in. diam.; seeds +4, hairy.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Zalingei); Red Sea +Prov. (near Akik).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn621-2" title="Astrochlaena"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. Volkensii</span> <em>Dammer.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, 1½-2½ ft. high. Leaves ovate, cordate or +rounded at base, 1½-3½ in. long; petiole ½ in. long. Fl. axillary, +cymose; cor. lilac with carmine centre; ab. 1½ in. long. Caps. +globose; seeds 4, hairy.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Tonj to Deim Zubeir); Mongalla +Prov. (Mongalla, on ironstone).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn621-3" title="Astrochlaena"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. Engleriana</span> <em>Dammer.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, stellate hairs ferruginous. Leaves ovate, +undulate, with dense white tomentum beneath. Cymes axillary, +long-peduncled. Cor. probably lilac, 1¼ in. long, +funnel-shaped.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Moru-land.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn621-4" title="Astrochlaena"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. malvacea</span> <em>Hallier f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect or decumbent perennial. Leaves ovate, 2-5 in. +long, white tomentose beneath. Peduncle 1 in. long, 2-5 flowered; +cor. purple, 1½-2 in. long, funnel-shaped. Caps. globose; seeds 4, +black.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn621-5" title="Astrochlaena"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. Stuhlmannii</span> <em>Hallier f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect or trailing herb, with matted tawny hairs. +Leaves ovate, 4-5 in. long, cuneate to cordate. Fl. in corymbose +panicle; cor. lilac with purple tube, 1½ in. long. Caps. globose; +seeds black, hairy.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (Kulme, & J. Marra, 5,200 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn622"><span class= +"sn">622</span><span class="taxon bold">Lepistemon africanum</span> +<em>Oliv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herbaceous climber with bristly pale-brown stinging +hairs. Leaves cordate-ovate, 2-6 in. long, irregularly sinuate. +Cymes many-flowered; cor. white; tube ½ in. long; limb ½ in. diam. +Caps. ovoid, hairy, ½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn623"><span class= +"sn">623</span><span class="taxon bold">Jacquemontia +capitata</span> <em>G. Don.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Short twiner. Leaves ovate, ¼ in. long. Fl. in dense +rusty villous heads; cor. bright blue, ab. ½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (common); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur +Ghattas); Bahr El Jebel (Shambé & Madi).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn624"><span class= +"sn">624</span><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_322">[322]</span><span class="taxon bold">Convolvulus +Hystrix</span> <em>Vahl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect undershrub; branches short, hairy, ending in +spines. Leaves oblong, ½ in. long. Fl. solitary, axillary, sessile; +cor. ab. ½ in. long, little longer than calyx.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° N.L., & Soturba); Berber +Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn624-2" title="Convolvulus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. microphyllus</span> <em>Sieber.</em> MURMIT (N. +Kordn.) & GHUBEYRA—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bushy herb. Cauline leaves oblong to lanceolate, ½ +in. long; radical leaves narrowly spathulate, 1 in. long. Fl. 1-3 +together from upper nodes of stem; sepals hairy, ¼ in. long; cor. +pinkish-white, ab. ½ in. long, funnel-shaped, hairy outside. Caps. +globose.</p> + +<p class="p2">North Sudan; Red Sea Prov. (Khor Ashat; Dongola Prov. +(near Wadi Allangi & Wadi El Arab); Berber Prov. (Wadi Selem); +Kordofan Prov. (North, Safia).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn624-3" title="Convolvulus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. Deserti</span> <em>Hochst.</em> & +<em>Steud.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small, shrubby herb. Leaves lin.-oblong, up to 1¾ in. +long, hairy. Fl. 1-2 together, axillary along the stem. Cor. ab. ½ +in. long, funnel-shaped.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Suakin & 21° N.L.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn624-4" title="Convolvulus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. rhyniospermus</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small trailing or tufted herb, brown, hairy. Leaves +oblong or oblanceolate, 1-2 in. long. Fl. axillary along the stem, +solitary or clustered, enclosed in foliaceous bracts; cor. ½ in. +long, hairy. Caps. globose, beaked, ¼ in. diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Suakin); Kordofan Prov. (J. Kon).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn624-5" title="Convolvulus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. glomeratus</span> <em>Choisy.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stiff, bushy herb or climber. Leaves lanceolate, ¼-1 +in. long. Fl. in dense globose rusty-hairy heads; bracts +foliaceous, ¾ in. long; sepals 5, 2 outer larger, fulvous; cor. +pale-rose, ½ in. long. Caps. globose, glabrous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L. to Khor Tamanib).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn624-6" title="Convolvulus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. arvensis</span> <em>Linn.</em> MUDDEYD—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Slender twiner. Leaves ovate-hastate, 1-2 in. long. +Fl. 1-3 on long peduncles; cor. deep-rose, funnel-shaped, ¾ in. +long. Caps. globose, ¼ in. diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile.</p> + +<p class="p3">The plant is said to be eaten by goats and +cattle.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn624-7" title="Convolvulus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. fatmensis</span> <em>Kunze.</em> ULLEYA—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Diffuse herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves cordate-ovate, +deeply crenate, auricled, ½-1½ in. long. Fl. 1-2 on axillary +peduncles; cor. white with brown stripes, under ½ in. long, hairy +outside. Caps. globose, ¼ in. diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn625"><span class= +"sn">625</span><span class="taxon bold">Evolvulus alsinoides</span> +<em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Bushy herb. Leaves elliptic to lanceolate, ½-1 in. +long, hairy. Peduncles 1-3 flowered; cor. bright blue, rarely +white, funnel-shaped, ¼ in. diam.; styles 2, forked. Caps. globose, +minute.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_323">[323]</span>North +Sudan; Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L. & Has Has); Blue Nile Prov. (J. +Moya); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Kadugli); Darfur Prov. (Kulme & 40-80 m. +N.E. of Fasher); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Kutshuk Ali); Mongalla Prov. +(Mongalla).</p> + +<p class="p3">Used as febrifuge and tonic.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn625-2" title="Evolvulus"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. nummularius</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small trailing herb; stems shortly hairy, rooting at +the nodes. Leaves orbicular, ab. ½ in. diam. Fl. few, solitary in +axils of leaves; sepals ovate, ciliate; cor. white, deeply lobed, ¼ +in. long. Caps globose, ⅙ in. diam; seeds 2-4, black or brown.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Lehsi River); +Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn625-3" title="Evolvulus"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. agrestis</span> <em>Schwfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tufted or climbing annual with reddish hairs. Leaves +lanceolate, ¾-1½ in. long. Peduncles axillary, 1-2 flowered, +bearing characteristic hairs; bracts linear; sepals ciliate-hairy; +cor. ¼ in. long. Caps. ¼ in. diam.; seeds black.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn626"><span class= +"sn">626</span><span class="taxon bold">Seddera virgata</span> +<em>Hochst.</em> & <em>Steud.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Much branched, virgate undershrub with white +appressed hairs. Leaves sessile, distant, linear, ½-1 in. long. Fl. +in sparse racemes at end of branchlets; sep. obovate; cor. broadly +funnel-shaped, ¼ in. long, with hairy mid-petaline area; styles 2, +almost from base. Caps. globose, ⅙ in. diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Wadi Omari, J. Waratab, Suakin); +Khartoum Prov. (rocky hills); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn626-2" title="Seddera"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. arabica</span> <em>Choisy.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Much-branched virgate undershrub with yellowish +pubescence. Leaves subsessile, elliptical, ab. ½ in. long. Fl. +usually solitary, axillary; sep. small, elliptic to obovate; cor. ⅓ +in. long, limb ¼ in. diam.; styles 2, free from the base.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit, Khor Tamanib).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn627"><span class= +"sn">627</span><span class="taxon bold">Dichondra repens</span> +<em>Forst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Pubescent, trailing perennial, rooting from the +nodes. Leaves reniform, ¼-1 in. broad, more or less silky; petioles +long. Fl. axillary, solitary; calyx minute, pilose; cor. yellow, +deeply 5-fid., minute; stigmas capitate. Caps. 2-lobed, +1-seeded.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Gondokoro).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn628"><span class= +"sn">628</span><span class="taxon bold">Cressa cretica</span> +<em>Linn.</em> EL HĀD (N. Kordn.), NADAWE, ABU HOSABA, MULLEY, +SEBAKH & NU’EM—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Low, shrubby perennial. Leaves ovate to lanceolate, ⅙ +to ¼ in. long. Fl. in dense bracteate spikes at end of branchlets; +calyx hairy, minute; cor. ab. ¼ in. long; styles 2, free. Caps. +ovoid, minute, 1-seeded.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (near Suakin); Kordofan (Shersha, on +salt pans).</p> + +<p class="p3">The plant is used as a tonic.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn629"><span class= +"sn">629</span><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_324">[324]</span><span class="taxon bold">Cuscuta +planiflora</span> <em>Ten.</em> Dodder.</p> + +<p class="p2">Leafless parasitic twiner with pink stems; germinates +in the ground, but later sustains itself entirely on the juices of +its host. Fl. in dense globose sessile clusters; fl. pentamerous +pale-pink or whitish, globose-urceolate, very minute.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (coast to between 3,000 & 4,000 ft., +Suakin 21° N.L.); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, high altitudes).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn629-2" title="Cuscuta"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. arabica</span> <em>Fres.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Differs by smaller flower-clusters.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Blue Nile Prov. +(Kamlin).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn629-3" title="Cuscuta"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. obtusiflora var. cordofana</span> +<em>Engelm.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stems stouter, bright yellow.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn629-4" title="Cuscuta"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. hyalina</span> <em>Roth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stems slender, almost translucent. Fl. minute, +stalked, cymose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Suakin); Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="scrophulariace">SCROPHULARIACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn630"><span class= +"sn">630</span><span class="taxon bold">Aptosimum pumilum</span> +<em>Benth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Dwarf tufted herb. Leaves usually alt., linear, 1-3 +in. long, scabrid-pubescent. Fl. solitary or several axillary; cor. +white outside and blue inside, 5-lobed; st. didynamous. Caps. +globose, emarginate, compressed at apex.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Kon); Darfur Prov. (48-80 m. N.E. +of El Fasher).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn631"><span class= +"sn">631</span><span class="taxon bold">Anticharis arabica</span> +<em>Endl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glandular-pubescent annual, 1 ft. high. Leaves alt., +oblong-lanceolate to lin.-lanceolate, up to 1¼ in. long. Fl. +axillary, solitary; cor. pink, viscid, ¼ in. long, lobes 5, +subequal; st. 2, 1-celled. Caps. narrowly ovoid, beaked, ¼ in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Suakin J. Waratab, Soturba); between +Suakin & Berber (Wadi Omareg).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn631-2" title="Anticharis"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. linearis</span> <em>Hochst.</em> NIDEIĀNA (N. +Kordn.)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Erect glandular-pubescent annual, up to 1 ft. high. +Leaves sessile, linear, up to 2 in. long. Fl. solitary on ½ in. +long axillary peduncle with 2 bracts above middle; calyx deeply +5-cleft; cor. white, under ½ in. long; lobes 5, subequal; st. 2, +anther-lobes basally acuminate; stigma bifid. Caps. ⅓ in. long, +beaked or acuminate.</p> + +<p class="p2">North Sudan (coast region, between Suakin & Berber); +Banks of the Nile north of Khartoum; Between Goz Regeb & Kassala; +Khartoum Prov. (J. Royan); Blue Nile Prov. (Rufaa); White Nile +Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (El Obeid, Bara); Darfur +Prov.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn632"><span class= +"sn">632</span><span class="taxon bold">Verbascum Ternacha</span> +<em>Hochst.</em> Mullein.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tall herb with dense white or yellowish woolly +tomentum. Lower leaves oval or oblong, crenate or serrate; petiole +1-2 in. long; upper leaves smaller subamplexicaul. +Panicles<span class="pagenum" id="Page_325">[325]</span> 18 in. +long, branches 6-12 in. long, spreading; fl. clustered along the +branches, 5-merous, rotate; cor. yellow, ¾ in. diam.; filaments +bearded. Caps. ovoid, ¼ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Dongola, Red Sea & Darfur Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn633"><span class= +"sn">633</span><span class="taxon bold">Linaria hastata</span> +<em>R. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, up to 1 ft. high. Leaves opp. below, alt. +above, linear to lanceolate, hastate, ½-1 in. long. Peduncles +axillary, ab. 1 in. long; calyx 5-partite, small; cor. yellow, ¼ +in. long, 2-lipped, with small spur; st. 4, didynamous, woolly; +stigma emarginate; caps. ovoid, minute.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Hakeko, Port Sudan District).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn633-2" title="Linaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. Bentii</span> <em>Skan.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Densely glandular pubescent undershrub, ab. 1 ft. +high. Leaves subopp. below, alt. above, ovate to triangular, +cordate, ⅓ in. long. Fl. axillary, solitary, subsessile; cor. +2-lobed, spurred, ab. ½ in. long. Caps. globose-ovoid, minute.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn633-3" title="Linaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. nubica</span> <em>Skan.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glandular-pubescent, subscandent annual. Leaves opp. +below, alt. above, triangular to ovate, broadly cordate, ab. 1 in. +long. Fl. axillary, solitary; cor. 2-lobed and spurred, under ½ in. +long, hairy. Caps. ovoid, pubescent, small.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L., sea-coast to between 3,000 & +4,000 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn633-4" title="Linaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. ægyptiaca</span> <em>Dum.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Low, bushy shrublet, covered with gland-tipped hairs. +Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, ¼ in. long. Flowers +axillary, solitary, yellowish; pedicels ½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Gendua River); Darfur Prov. +(J. Marra 9,500 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn633-5" title="Linaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. sagittata</span> <em>Hook. f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Subscandent or procumbent perennial. Leaves linear to +lanceolate, sagittate or hastate or cuneate, ¼-2 in. long. Fl. +axillary; peduncles ¼-½ in. long; cor. yellow, pilose outside, +bilobed, ¾ in. long, spur ½ in. long; filaments densely pilose. +Caps. globose, minute.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (J. Waratab, Wadi Omareg, between +Suakin & Erkowit, Dongonab).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn634"><span class= +"sn">634</span><span class="taxon bold">Schweinfurthia +pterosperma</span> <em>A. Braun.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, 6-9 in. high. Leaves alt., elliptic-spathulate +to lin.-oblong, up to 1 in. long. Fl. solitary; calyx small, +5-partite; cor. ¼ in. long, gibbous at base, 2-lipped, white, pink +at throat. Caps. subglobose, ¼ in. diam.; seeds with 6 subwinged +ridges.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Suakin & coast region, J. Waratab); +Between Suakin & Berber.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn635"><span class= +"sn">635</span><span class="taxon bold">Scrophularia arguta</span> +<em>Ait.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Branched, glandular-pubescent herb, up to 2 ft. high. +Leaves broadly ovate, subcordate, irregularly dentate, up to 3 +in.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_326">[326]</span> long; petiole +½-1 in. long. Fl. in terminal cymose panicles; calyx 5-fid, minute; +cor. ventricose, 5-lobed, 1 lobe larger, hardly exceeding calyx, +deep-red. Caps. ovoid, beaked.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit, Khor Tamanib, & 21° +N.L.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn636"><span class= +"sn">636</span><span class="taxon bold">Antirrhinum Orontium</span> +<em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glandular hairy herb, up to 2 ft. high. Lower leaves +opp., upper alt., linear to lanceolate, 1-2 in. long. Fl. solitary +in upper axils of leaves; calyx 5-partite; cor. 2-lipped, rose with +purple veins, ¼-¾ in. long, tube gibbous. Caps. obliquely ovoid, up +to ½ in. long, hispidly hairy.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L. and other places); Darfur +Prov. (J. Marra: Niurnya, 6,500 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn637"><span class= +"sn">637</span><span class="taxon bold">Sutera glandulosa</span> +<em>Roth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small diffuse viscid-pubescent herb. Leaves ovate or +oblong, incised-dentate, pinnatifid or dissected, ¼-1 in. long, +lower opp., upper alt. Fl. in upper axils of leaves; calyx +5-partite, minute; cor. ⅙ in. long, white, tube not dilated, lobes +small, 2 smaller; st. 4, included; style shortly 2-lobed. Caps. +ovoid, minute.</p> + +<p class="p2">Near Wadi Halfa (between Korosko & Derr); Dongola +Prov. (Debba); Near Khartoum Prov.; White Nile Prov. (El Ehs).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn638"><span class= +"sn">638</span><span class="taxon bold">Lindenbergia +abyssinica</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glandular-pubescent or pilose perennial. Leaves opp. +or upper alt., broadly-ovate, cuneate to subcordate, ½ in. long, +coarsely crenate-dentate. Fl. in leafy terminal, secund racemes; +cor. ⅔ in. long, 2-lipped, postichous lip 2-lobed, antichous +3-lobed. Caps. ovoid, ⅓ in., pubescent.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Erkowit, Khor Tamanib, Wadi +Omareg).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn639"><span class= +"sn">639</span><span class="taxon bold">Stemodia serrata</span> +<em>Benth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small branched viscid glandular-pubescent herb. +Leaves opp. or verticillate, rather crowded, oblong or lanceolate, +up to 2 in. long, serrate above middle. Fl. crowded in leafy +spike-like racemes; bracts 2, near calyx, which is 5-partite, ¼ in. +long; cor. bluish, slightly longer than calyx, 2-lipped, upper +emarginate, lower shortly 3-lobed. Caps. ¼ in. long, +4-furrowed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); White Nile Prov. (J. +Arashkol); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Kurun); Upper White Nile Prov. (Kaka +woodstation).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn640"><span class= +"sn">640</span><span class="taxon bold">Limnophila +gratioloides</span> <em>R. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Marsh herb, usually 5 in. high. Leaves verticillate +and opposite, submerged leaves in filiform segments, upper +gland-dotted, linear to elliptic-oblong. Fl. axillary on ½ in. long +glandular-pubescent pedicels; calyx 5-partite, glandular, small; +cor. white, ab. ⅓ in. long; st. 4, each pair or only lower pair of +anthers cohering. Caps. minute.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile & Upper White Nile Provinces (Debeiker to +Hillet Abbas); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & mouth of Bahr El +Arab).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn641"><span class= +"sn">641</span><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_327">[327]</span><span class="taxon bold">Moniera +calycina</span> <em>Hiern.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Gland-dotted glabrous herb, 6-12 in. high. Leaves +opp., lanceol. to ovate, 1¼ in. long, crenate-serrate, solitary; +calyx 5-partite, ¼ in. long, larger in fruit; cor. white, ⅓ in. +long, 2-lipped, upper emarginate, lower deeply 3-lobed. Caps. ⅙ in. +long, ellipsoid, gland-dotted.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Dukutu).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn641-2" title="Moniera"><span class= +"taxon bold">M. floribunda</span> <em>T. Cooke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small gland-dotted scabrid herb. Leaves linear to +narrowly oblong, ½-2½ in. long. Fl. axillary, solitary or in pairs; +calyx 5-partite, ab. ¼ in. long; cor. blue or violet with yellow +throat, ⅙ in. long, upper lip emarginate, lower 3-lobed. Caps. +ellipsoid, minute.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Gir in +Bongo-land); Mongalla Prov. (Gameiza woodstation).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn641-3" title="Moniera"><span class= +"taxon bold">M. punctata</span> <em>Skan.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small glandular-punctate herb; stem quadrangular. +Leaves linear or lin.-lanceolate, sessile, ab. 1 in. long. Fl. +axillary, solitary, subsessile; calyx under ¼ in. long; cor. ⅙ in. +long, shape as above. Caps. globose, minute.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Aggada & Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn642"><span class= +"sn">642</span><span class="taxon bold">Dopatrium luteum</span> +<em>Engl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Aquatic herb, up to 1 ft. high. Lower leaves +strap-shaped, ½-1 in. long, upper scale-like. Fl. in terminal +raceme; calyx small, 5-fid; cor. showy, yellow, ab. 1¼ in. long, +upper lip emarginate, lower 3-partite; st. 2 perfect and 2 +rudimentary. Caps. subglobose, under ¼ in.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn642-2" title="Dopatrium"><span class= +"taxon bold">D. tricolor</span> <em>Engl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, 1½ ft. high. Radical leaves crowded, linear, +1½-2¼ in. long, upper scale-like. Fl. in terminal raceme; calyx +small, 5-fid; cor. tube ½ in. long, whitish, upper lip violet, ¼ +in. long, emarginate, lower lip violet with yellow central lobe, +under ½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn643"><span class= +"sn">643</span><span class="taxon bold">Mimulus gracilis</span> +<em>R. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect herb, up to 20 in. high; stem narrowly +4-winged. Leaves opp.-lanceolate to narrowly-oblong, ¾-2 in. long, +amplexicaul, sometimes denticulate. Fl. solitary, axillary on ped., +2 in. long; calyx 5-angled, dentate, ab. ⅓ in. long; cor. white or +light pink, over ½ in. long, unequally bilabiate. St. 4, +didynamous. Caps. obovoid, ¼ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Kurra, 5,200 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn644"><span class= +"sn">644</span><span class="taxon bold">Craterostigma +Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Engl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial 6 to 18 in. high; stems quadrangular. +Leaves opp., 3-nerved, elliptic-lanceolate, up to ¾ in. long. Fl. +terminal, subcapitate; calyx nearly ¼ in. long, 5-angled, +5-toothed; cor. violet, over ½ in. long, 2-lipped, upper +suborbicular, lower 3-lobed; st. 4; filaments arching and +with<span class="pagenum" id="Page_328">[328]</span> gibbous base; +anthers cohering in pairs; stigma somewhat funnel-shaped.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Lessi River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn645"><span class= +"sn">645</span><span class="taxon bold">Torenia spicata</span> +<em>Engl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Dwarf herb with narrowly 4-winged stems. Leaves opp., +sessile, unequal above, lanceolate, up to 9 in. long. Lower fl. +axillary, upper in spike-like racemes; calyx ⅙ in. deeply 2-lipped, +5-winged; cor. pink, blue or white, ⅙ in. long, upper lip 2-fid, +lower 3-lobed; st. 4; filaments toothed at base, arched. Caps. +ovoid, under ¼ in.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: between Jur Ewet: Abu +Gurun’s Zariba).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn645-2" title="Torenia"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. parviflora</span> <em>Buch.-Ham.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Straggling herb, up to 18 in. high. Leaves opp., +ovate to or.-lanceolate, ½-1 in. long, serrate-crenate. Fl. +solitary or 2-6 fascicled; calyx ⅓ in., 2-lipped, 5-winged; cor. +white to purple, over ⅓ in. long; st. as above. Caps. ⅓ in. long, +oblong.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn646"><span class= +"sn">646</span><span class="taxon bold">Lindernia +lobelioides</span> <em>Engl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, ½-1 ft. high, much like a small <i>Lobelia</i> +in appearance. Leaves opp., linear, 1 in. long, upper unequal. Fl. +axillary, solitary; calyx 5-fid, ¼ in. long; cor. deep blue, nearly +½ in. long, upper lip ovate truncate, lower 3-lobed; st. 4, +filaments arched, toothed at base, anthers cohering. Caps. +linear-oblong, ½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ewet, Bongo-land: Gir & +Lessi River); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Niurnya 6,500 ft.); Bahr El +Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn646-2" title="Lindernia"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. debilis</span> <em>Skan.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Prostrate small herb. Leaves opp., linear-lanceolate, +up to ½ in. long, sessile. Fl. solitary in upper axils; calyx +5-ribbed, minute; cor. ⅙ in. long, upper lip purplish, emarginate, +lower 3-lobed, yellow, streaked purple. Capsule oblong, minute.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn647"><span class= +"sn">647</span><span class="taxon bold">Ilysanthes +parviflora</span> <em>Benth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small herb. Leaves opp., ovate to oblong, up to ½ in. +long, gland-dotted. Fl. axillary or in terminal racemes; calyx +5-partite, minute; cor. violet, blue or white; tube cylindrical ab. +¼ in. long, upper lip bifid, lower spreading, 3-lobed; st. 2 +perfect and 2 rudimentary. Caps. ovoid.</p> + +<p class="p2">Dongola Prov. (Island near Debba); Fung Prov. +(Jongol’s Post, Roseires, Famaka); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur +Ghattas, Bongo-land: Gir).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn647-2" title="Ilysanthes"><span class= +"taxon bold">I. trichotoma</span> <em>Urban.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Dwarf herb with short, stiff branches. Leaves opp., +linear-oblong, ⅓ in. long, sessile, otherwise much as above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Jebel (Madi rocks).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn647-3" title="Ilysanthes"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_329">[329]</span><span class="taxon bold">I. +Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Engl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small herb, 4-8 in. high. Leaves linear, under ½ in. +long. Fl. in a loose raceme; cor. lilac, otherwise as above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Gumango hill & +Ibba River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn648"><span class= +"sn">648</span><span class="taxon bold">Scoparia dulcis</span> +<em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb or undershrub. Leaves opp., ternate or +verticillate, lin.- to elliptic-lanceolate, ¼-1½ in. long, serrate +above middle, punctate. Fl. axillary, solitary or geminate; calyx +minute, densely glandular, 4-lobed; cor. white, ⅛ in. long, rotate, +4-lobed, densely bearded at throat; st. 4; caps. ovoid, minute.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, Jur River); Bahr +El Jebel (Shambe, Bahr El Ghazal Prov. to Mongalla, Mongalla +Prov.); Darfur Prov. (Kulme); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="p3">Used in native medicine throughout Tropical +Africa.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn649"><span class= +"sn">649</span><span class="taxon bold">Veronica Anagallis</span> +<em>Linn.</em> HABAQ—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Glandular-pubescent herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves opp., +lanceolate, sessile, 1-3½ in. long, semi-amplexicaul. Racemes 2-3 +in. long in upper axils; calyx 4-partite, minute; cor. blue or +pinkish, 4-partite, limb spreading, lobes of 3 sizes; st. 2, +exserted. Caps. orbicular, minute.</p> + +<p class="p2">Dongola Prov. (Nile banks between Old Dongola & +Korti); Blue Nile Prov. (Wad Medani, Sheikh Talha); Darfur Prov. +(J. Marra: Niurnya, 6,500 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn650"><span class= +"sn">650</span><span class="taxon bold">Alectra communis</span> +<em>Hemsl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Very scabrid herb. Leaves ovate-triangular, coarsely +dentate, about 1 in. long. Flowers subsessile in the leafy bracts. +Calyx lobes pectinate-ciliate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Mid-Robo 8,300 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn651"><span class= +"sn">651</span><span class="taxon bold">Buchnera capitata</span> +<em>Benth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves opp. or upper alt., +linear to oblong-lanceolate, ¾-3 in. long, sessile, scabrid. Fl. in +terminal short dense spikes, ¼-1⅓ in. long; fl. in axils of bracts +and bracteoles; calyx 5-toothed, ⅙ in. long; cor. white, ¼ in. +long; tube curved, slender, pilose, lobes subequal, 5. Caps. ovoid, +minute.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Merdgan’s +Zeriba).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn651-2" title="Buchnera"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. hispida</span> <em>Ham.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Hispid herb, 6-20 in. high. Leaves elliptic to +oblong, up to 3 in. long (upper oblong-lanceolate to linear) +toothed, scabrid. Fl. in 6 in. long spikes, bracteate and +bracteolate; calyx 5-toothed, ¼ in. long, densely hispid; cor. ab. +½ in. long, tube cylindric, lobes 5, obovate, short; st. 4. Caps. +elliptic-oblong, ¼ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 6-7,000 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn652"><span class= +"sn">652</span><span class="taxon bold">Striga orobanchoides</span> +<em>Benth.</em> NAR or NUR EL ASSAD—Arab; DAI (Meshra El +Zeraf)—Dinka.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_330">[330]</span>Much +branched herb, 3-18 in. high, parasitic on roots of some +Leguminosæ, etc. Leaves scale-like, lanceolate, up to ½ in. long. +Spikes terminal; fl. bracteate and bracteolate; calyx 5-toothed, +¼-½ in. long; cor. white, purple or red-brown; tube ½ in. long, +bent and inflated, limb 2-lipped, upper 2-lobed, lower 3-lobed. St. +4, didynamous, anthers 1-celled. Caps. ovoid-oblong ¼ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Khor Tamanib, Suakin); Kassala Prov. +(Gallabat, Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile & Upper +White Nile Provinces (J. Arashkol, Wad Shellai to Meshra El Zeraf); +Kordofan Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Sheikh Tombé & Mongalla).</p> + +<p class="p2">Parasitic on <i>Cissus quadrangularis</i>, +<i>Indigofera</i> sp., etc.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn652-2" title="Striga"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. aspera</span> <em>Benth.</em> <span class= +"taxon bold">var. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Skan.</em> TU—Krej.</p> + +<p class="p2">Herbaceous hispid and scabrid root-parasite, growing +on Dura. Leaves opp. or upper alt., linear, ½-1½ in. long. Spikes +terminal, lax-flowered up to 8 in. long; bracts and bracteoles +hispid; calyx nearly ½ in. long, 5-toothed, uppermost tooth +smallest; cor. pink, tube ½ in. long curved and inflated, upper lip +obovate emarginate, 3-lobed. Caps. ellipsoid, ¼ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Jur-land & Deim Zubeir).</p> + +<p class="p2">Parasitic on Dura.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn652-3" title="Striga"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. Forbesii</span> <em>Benth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect herb, up to 15 in. high, scabrid. Leaves opp. +or sub-opp., lin.-lanceolate or lanceolate, 1-2 in. long, toothed, +scabrid. Fl. solitary in axils of upper leaves; bracteoles linear, +hispid; calyx deeply 5-lobed, scabrid, lobes lin.-lanceolate, up to +⅓ in. long, unequal; cor. pink, scarlet or yellow, tube ¾-1 in. +long, sharply curved and inflated, upper lip subtruncate or shortly +2-lobed, up to ¼ in. long, lower 3-lobed up to nearly ½ in. long. +Caps. oblong, ¼-⅓ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. +(Jongol’s Post); Mongalla Prov. (Shambé to Mongalla Prov.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn652-4" title="Striga"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. senegalensis</span> <em>Benth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Closely resembles <i>S. hermonthica</i> and may be a +small-flowered form. Cor. purple or red, tube ab. ½ in. long, upper +lip up to ¼ in. long, lower up to ⅓ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (Gefil); Upper White Nile Prov. (Dinka +country).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn652-5" title="Striga"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. hermonthica</span> <em>Benth.</em> EL WEIN +(Merowe), SEGAR (Meshra El Zeraf) & (more commonly) BUDA—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Branched herb, parasitic on Dura and Dukhn, 1-2 ft. +high. Leaves linear to lanceolate, 1-3 in. long, hispid and +scabrid. Spikes terminal, 6 in. long; calyx 5-toothed, upper +smaller; cor. pink; tube ¾ in. long, curved and inflated, upper lip +2-lobed, ⅓ in. long, lower 3-lobed, ½ in. long. Caps. ellipsoid, ¼ +in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_331">[331]</span>Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Dongola +Prov.; Berber Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov. (Sennar); Fung +Prov. (Roseires & Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Jur-land, Jur Ghattas); Darfur Prov. (Zalingei). Parasitic +on <i>Sorghum</i>, <i>Andropogon</i>, <i>Zea</i>, etc.).</p> + +<p class="p3">A decoction in salt and water is applied externally +for sun headache.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn652-6" title="Striga"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. glandulifera</span> <em>Engl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Branched herb, 6-8 in. high, pilose and scabrid. +Leaves opp. and subopp., narrowly linear, up to 1¼ in. long. Spikes +terminal, 4 in. long; fl. paired; calyx 5-toothed, ¼ in. long; cor. +deep rose, tube ½ in. long, curved and inflated, +glandular-pubescent, upper lip under ¼ in. long, slightly +emarginate, lower lip 3-lobed, short. Caps. oblong, 1/7 in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn652-7" title="Striga"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. strictissima</span> <em>Skan.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Densely hispid herb. Leaves lin.- or lanc.-subulate, +under ½ in. long, closely appressed in distant pairs. Spikes +terminal, up to 4 in. long; fl. paired in leaf-like bracts; calyx ¼ +in. long, 5-toothed, upper smaller; cor. dull-pink, tube ½ in. +long, curved and inflated, hairy, upper lip ⅛ in. long, truncate +and toothed, lower 3-lobed, 1/12 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn652-8" title="Striga"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. lutea</span> <em>Lour.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Branched parasitic herb, 6-9 in. high, scabrid. +Leaves alt. or opp., narrowly linear or lanceolate, ¼-1½ in. long. +Spikes terminal, 4-6 in. long, distant-flowered; bracts ¼ in. long, +linear; calyx ¼ in. long, 10-ribbed and 5-toothed; cor. yellow, red +or white, tube ab. ½ in. long, suddenly bent above, upper lip +obovate, lower 3-lobed, ¼ in. long. Caps. oblong ovoid, ⅙ in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. +(Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Bongo-land); +Darfur Prov. (Kulme).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn653"><span class= +"sn">653</span><span class="taxon bold">Rhamphicarpa +fistulosa</span> <em>Benth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect branched herb, usually ab. 1 ft. high. Leaves +pinn.- or bi-pinnatisect, up to 3 in. long, segments linear; fl. +axillary solitary; calyx campanulate, 5-fid, ¼ in. long; cor. +white, tube slender, 1-2 in. long; limb spreading, ½-¾ in. diam., +5-lobed, 2 more connate. Caps. ovoid, compressed, almost 2-winged, +⅓-½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nile River (Island near Debba in Dongola Prov.); +White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (main river +from Meshra El Rek to Lake No); Niamniam-land (Nabambisso River); +Bahr El Jebel (Madi Swamps).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn653-2" title="Rhamphicarpa"><span class= +"taxon bold">R. Heuglini</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small branched herb. Leaves lin.-lanceolate to +lanceolate, ½-2 in. long, hispid or scabrid. Fl. axillary in upper +leaves, solitary; calyx tubular campanulate, ¼-½ in. long, +5-lobed;<span class="pagenum" id="Page_332">[332]</span> cor. white +to mauve, tube ab. 1 in. long, glandular, limb 1-2 in. diam, +spreading, 5-lobed, 2 more connate. Caps. obliquely ovoid ab. ⅓ in. +long, beaked.</p> + +<p class="p2">Khartoum Prov. (near Khartoum); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Meshra El Rek); Mongalla Prov. (Bor).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn654"><span class= +"sn">654</span><span class="taxon bold">Cycnium camporum</span> +<em>Engl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tufted herb, up to 1 ft. high, pilose. Leaves lanc. +to oblong-lanceolate, 1-3 in. long, crenate-serrate. Fl. usually +opp., supra-axillary; calyx tubular, ½-⅔ in. long, campanulate in +fruit, 10-ribbed, hispid; cor. white or pale yellow, tube 1¾ in. +long, glandular, gibbous, limb 1¼ in. broad, spreading, 5-lobed. +Caps. oblong ⅓ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: by the Wau River & Jur +Ghattas, Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn654-2" title="Cycnium"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. adonense</span> <em>E. Meyer.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Robust scabrid herb, up to 1 ft. high. Leaves oblong +or oblong-lanceolate, 1-3 in. long, crenate to serrate. Fl. +axillary; calyx tubular, 1¼ in. long, densely hairy, 10-12 ribbed; +cor. white or lilac, tube 2-3 in. long, gibbous, glandular, limb +2-3 in. diam., spreading, 5-lobed. Caps. ovoid or elliptic, ½ in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn654-3" title="Cycnium"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. brachycalyx</span> <em>Schweinf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrubby herb, pubescent all over, 1 ft. high; stems +angular. Leaves lanceolate, 2½ in. long, serrate dentate. Fl. +solitary, opp., supra-axillary; calyx campanulate, 1 in. long, 3 +lobes broader than others; cor. tube 1¼ in. long, limb ab. ½ in. +diam., lobes 5, orbicular, spreading.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (by Gendua River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn655"><span class= +"sn">655</span><span class="taxon bold">Sopubia ramosa</span> +<em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Scabrid undershr., 2-4 ft. high. Leaves in whorls of +3-4, linear or lin.-lanceolate, up to 1½ in. long. Fl. terminal +racemose in whorls of 3-4; cor. coppery-purple or white with purple +spot at base of each lobe, ab. ½ in. long, tube short, limb +spreading, lobes 5, obovate; anthers 4, coherent in pairs. Caps. +ovoid, ¼ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: at Nganye & +Bongo-land: at Sabbi); Darfur Prov. (Jebel Marra, 6,500-7,500 +ft.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn655-2" title="Sopubia"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. simplex</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Pubescent herb, branching from base, 1-3 ft. high. +Leaves alt. or ternate, ⅙-1 in. long, appressed, scabrid. Fl. alt. +or whorled in terminal racemes, up to 1 ft. long; cor. pink, or +reddish-brown, under ½ in. long, limb spreading, lobes 5, obovate. +Caps. ovoid, ¼ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Sueh River, +Mittu-land: near Kuffulu-Ku); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn655-3" title="Sopubia"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. parviflora</span> <em>Engl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, 1-2 ft. high; stem 4-angled. Leaves opp., +filiform,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_333">[333]</span> ⅓-¾ in. +long, revolute, scabrid. Fl. in terminal racemes; cor. pale-brown, +purple at throat, ⅓ in. long, lobes 5, spreading, obovate. Caps. +subglobose, minute.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn656"><span class= +"sn">656</span><span class="taxon bold">Micrargeria +scopiformis</span> <em>Engl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Rigid herb, 1-2½ ft. high, branching like a broom. +Leaves opp., filiform, ¼-2 in. long, scabrid. Fl. in terminal +racemes, 1-6 in. long; cor. pale purple, streaked dark purple at +base of tube which is exserted and enlarged above, ab. ⅓ in. long, +limb spreading, 5-lobed, lobes suborbicular ab. ⅙ in. wide.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, Bongo-land: +Sabbi).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="orobanchace">OROBANCHACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn657"><span class= +"sn">657</span><span class="taxon bold">Cistanche lutea</span> +<em>Hoffmgg.</em> & <em>Link.</em> ERG EL TUNDUB (Khartoum), NAR EL +FIL (Atbara), ERG EL MOYA, also ERG EL SHAGAT (Fung), HALUK, TURFAS +& SIBB EL ARD—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fleshy root-parasite with spirally arranged +scale-like leaves and yellow flowers; st. 4 didynamous; anthers +bearded.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov.; Berber Prov. (Atbara); Khartoum, Blue +Nile & Fung Provinces.</p> + +<p class="p2">Parasitic on <i>Capparis decidua</i>, <i>Acacia +arabica</i>, <i>Zizyphus</i>, etc.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn658"><span class= +"sn">658</span><span class="taxon bold">Orobanche cernua</span> +<em>Loef.</em> <span class="taxon bold">var. Desertorum</span> +<em>Beck.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stout parasitic herb, up to 16 in. high, covered with +glandular and cobweb-like pubescence and scaly leaves. Spikes +cylindric, many-flowered, 8 in. long; cor. bluish-white, ¾ in. +long, 2-lipped, upper 2- and lower 3-lobed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn658-2" title="Orobanche"><span class= +"taxon bold">O. ramosa</span> <em>Linn.</em> HALUK—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Slender branched herb, 1 ft. high, glandular-hairy; +scales ovate to ovate-lanceolate, ¼-½ in. long. Fl. in spikes; cor. +pale-yellow with a blueish limb, ab. ½ in. long, upper lip 2-lobed, +lower 3-lobed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Khartoum Prov. (Khartoum).</p> + +<p class="p2">Parasitic on Tomatoes.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="lentibulariace">LENTIBULARIACEÆ +(Bladder-worts).</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn659"><span class= +"sn">659</span><span class="taxon bold">Utricularia exilis</span> +<em>Oliver.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Delicate dwarf herb; stems creeping filiform; leaves +narrowly spathulate or ligulate, ¼ in. long, deciduous before +flowering, with small bladders attached to stem and leaves, scape +1-2 in. high, 2-3 flowered; cor. white, yellow or purple, 2-lipped, +ab. ⅙ in. long; st. 2.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn659-2" title="Utricularia"><span class= +"taxon bold">U. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Delicate twining annual. Leaves unknown. Scapes +filiform,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_334">[334]</span> twining, +up to 6 in. long; fl. up to 6, distant; cor. pale-purple, 2-lipped, +spurred; st. 2.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn659-3" title="Utricularia"><span class= +"taxon bold">U. subulata</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, 3-4 in. high, giving out bladder-bearing +runners verticillately from base of scape. Leaves lin.-lanceolate, +rosulate at base of scape, ¼ in. long. Scape 1-6 flowered; cor. +yellow, ¼ in. long, 2-tipped, spurred; st. 2.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas) +(Sub-terrestrial).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn659-4" title="Utricularia"><span class= +"taxon bold">U. Thonningii</span> <em>Schumach.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Floating aquatic herb, ab. 1 ft. long. Stem slender +bearing verticils of bladder-bearing pectinate-filiform leaves and +scapes bearing near their base a verticil of up to 6 spindle-shaped +floats and above 3 to many flowers. Sepals 2, enlarged in fruit; +cor. pinkish, 2-lipped and spurred; st. 2.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol, near Abba Island, & +Lake Tura Um Kenen); Bahr El Jebel (Sudd); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s +Post).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn659-5" title="Utricularia"><span class= +"taxon bold">U. stellaris</span> <em>Linn. f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Much like above, but flowers yellow.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol & Um Kenen); Upper +White Nile Prov. (Tonga); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir, & +Jur-land: Wau).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn659-6" title="Utricularia"><span class= +"taxon bold">U. reflexa</span> <em>Oliver.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Floating aquatic herb. Leaves as above but bladders +larger (up to ⅙ in. long), up to 8 to a leaf. Scapes without +floats, 1-6 in. long, 1-3 flowered; cor. yellow, ⅓ in. long, +2-lipped, spurred.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Main River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn659-7" title="Utricularia"><span class= +"taxon bold">U. exoleta</span> <em>R. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small aquatic plant; stems filiform. Leaves with few +slender segments or replaced by small bladders. Scapes floatless, +2-3 in. long, 2-3 flowered; cor. yellow, ¼ in. long, 2-lipped and +spurred. Caps. globose exceeding calyx.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); White Nile Prov.; +Upper White Nile Prov. (Khor Attar); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Meshra +El Rek & Ghabat El Arab, on Main River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn659-8" title="Utricularia"><span class= +"taxon bold">U. incerta</span> <em>Kam.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Floating aquatic herb; stems long, filiform. Leaves +bipinnate, pinnæ ¼ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Main River).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="bignoniace">BIGNONIACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn660"><span class= +"sn">660</span><span class="taxon bold">Spathodea nilotica</span> +<em>Seem.</em> The African “Tulip-tree.”</p> + +<p class="p2">Tree, ab. 20 ft. high. Leaves opp. or ternate, 5-16 +in. long; leaflets 9-15, ovate-oblong, 1½-4 in. long, pubescent +below. Fl. in dense terminal corymbose racemes; calyx boat-shaped, +2 in. long; cor. orange-scarlet, 3-4½ in. long, 2-lipped. Caps. 8 +in. long, lanceolate-oblong; seeds winged, 1 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_335">[335]</span>Bahr +El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Manisilli Brook); Mongalla +Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">A very handsome tree. The wood is white and very +soft; density 0.363.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn661"><span class= +"sn">661</span><span class="taxon bold">Stereospermum +kunthianum</span> <em>Cham.</em> KHASHKHASH & KHASHKHASH ABIAD +(Fung), SAMR (Kordn.), & SUWEID (Medani)—Arab; TETERLING (J. +Daier), KARII (J. Eliri), & N’DULA (Kadugli)—Nuba; LUJURUT—Bari; +WULIADO (Bahr El Ghazal), & KONGGOGOI (Goz El Siada)—Dinka; +CHOKO—Golo; FUNNA—Burun; BARISANGO—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tree up to 50 ft. high, with light-coloured flaking +bark. Leaves opp. imparipinnate 6-14 in. long; leaflets 5-9 ovate +or elliptic-oblong, 1½-5 in. long. Fl. in terminal large cymose +panicles; cor. pink with carmine lines, 1½ in. long, tube +funnel-shaped; st. 4. Caps. cylindric, 1-2 ft. long; seeds +2-winged.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli, Jongol’s Post); White Nile +Prov. (Jebelein); Kordofan Prov. (Rahad); Upper White Nile Prov. +(Sobat River & Goz El Siada); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land, +near Old Wau, Chakchak, & Niamniam-land); Darfur Prov. (Kordofan +borders 13° N. Lat.; J. Marra; Kallo Kitting, 4,000 ft.); Mongalla +Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">Timber whitish, very hard.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn662"><span class= +"sn">662</span><span class="taxon bold">Kigelia æthiopica</span> +<em>Decne.</em> ABUSHUTŪR, ABU SIDRA, UMSHUTUR & MASHTURA—Arab; +TIMLA (Dilling)—Nuba; KUBULI—Bari; RĀWAR (Kenissa) & RUWĀL +(Jonglei)—Dinka; GAFA—Golo; NAK & LUEL—Nuer; RANGBARANGBO—Zande. +The “Sausage-tree.”</p> + +<p class="p2">Large tree. Leaves ternate, pinnate; leaflets 7-11, +oblong-elliptic or obovate, coriaceous, 3-5 in. long. Fl. in long +pendulous, lax panicles. Calyx campanulate, 2-lipped 1 in. long; +cor. purple-maroon, 3 in. long; st. 4 and 1 staminode. Fr. +subcylindric up to 2 ft. long, 3-4 in. broad, pendulous on long +peduncles; seeds wingless, thick.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Fung Prov. +(Fazoghli & Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. +(Sobat River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (many parts); Mongalla +Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">Wood, heavy, hard, yellowish with red spots, hard to +work. Branch-wood used for bows. The ashes of the fruit are +considered an efficient substitute for boracic powder for cleansing +wounds of animals.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn662-2" title="Kigelia"><span class= +"taxon bold">K. æthiopica</span> <em>Decne.</em> <span class= +"taxon bold">var. abyssinica</span> <em>Spr.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Corolla smaller; the cylindric basal portion of tube +1 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="pedaliace"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_336">[336]</span>PEDALIACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn663"><span class= +"sn">663</span><span class="taxon bold">Rogeria adenophylla</span> +<em>Gay.</em> SIMSIM AFRĪT (Kordn.), & SAKARAN—Arab; SUKOSUKO (J. +Ghulfan)—Nuba.</p> + +<p class="p2">Stout and tall woody herb. Leaves opp., broadly +obovate, more or less 3-lobed 2-4 in. long, mealy glandular, +dentate. Fl. 1-3 in axils of leaves, ped. short with a gland at +base of each; cor. maroon, ab. 2 in. long, tube funnel-shaped, +gibbous at base, limb ¾ in. diam., 5-lobed. Caps. obliquely ovoid +with 4 to 8 spines at base.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, J. Waratab); Berber Prov. +(Atbara); Khartoum Prov. (J. Auli); Blue Nile Prov. (Rufaa, +Sennar); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol, banks of the White Nile, El +Dueim to Tonga, Upper White Nile Prov., Rocky hills); Kordofan +Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">The plant affords a mucilaginous infusion which is +useful in cases of diarrhœa.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn664"><span class= +"sn">664</span><span class="taxon bold">Sesamum +angustifolium</span> <em>Engl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall herb. Leaves lin.-lanceolate 1-3 in. long, +pubescent above, glaucous below. Fl. solitary, axillary; cor. pink, +obliquely campanulate, 1-1½ in. long, obscurely 2-lipped. Caps. ¾ +in. long, oblong, beaked.</p> + +<p class="p2">Banks of the White Nile; Darfur Prov. (Kulme); +Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn664-2" title="Sesamum"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. radiatum</span> <em>Schumach.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Mealy-glandular herb. Lower leaves ovate, toothed, 2½ +in. long, upper lanceolate, up to 4 in. long. Fl. solitary, +axillary; cor. purple and white, 1½ in. long, obliquely +campanulate, 2-lipped, lowest lobe ⅓ in. long. Caps. 1 in. long, +shortly beaked, pubescent.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn664-3" title="Sesamum"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. indicum</span> <em>Linn.</em> SIMSIM—Arab; +NIUM—Nuer; SĀRAH—Zande. Sesame.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mealy glandular and pubescent herb, up to 6 ft. high. +Leaves variable, the lowest 3-partite, 3-6 in. long, pet. 4-6 in., +gradually passing above to lanceolate, 2-4 in. long with shorter +pet.; cor. white, tinged with pink, 1 in. long. Caps. 1 in. long, +with short deltoid beak.</p> + +<p class="p2">Cultivated. Berber Prov. (Korkos Island between +Berber & Khartoum); White Nile Prov. (sub-wild on rocky hills); +Fung Prov. (cultivated); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Kulme); Bahr +El Ghazal Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">Cultivated for its seed which yields the valuable +Sesame seed of commerce. Also wild or sub-wild on rocky hills near +the White Nile.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn664-4" title="Sesamum"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. alatum</span> <em>Thonn.</em> SIMSIM—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous herb, 2-3 ft. high; stems quadrangular. +Leaves varying from 5-fol. below to simple, lin.-lanceolate above, +all long-petioled. Cor. pink to carmine, spotted in throat, 1 in. +long, obliquely campanulate, 2-lipped, lobes subequal.<span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_337">[337]</span> Caps. 2 in. long; beak +slender, up to ½ in. Seeds 2-winged, wing orbicular.</p> + +<p class="p2">Cultivated. Berber Prov. (Atbara); Khartoum Prov.; +White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (Um Gash, & between +Aguri & Taiara); Darfur Prov. (20 m. N. of Fasher).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn665"><span class= +"sn">665</span><span class="taxon bold">Ceratotheca +sesamoides</span> <em>Endl.</em> WEIKAT EL BADEIB (N. +Kordn.)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Glaucous, bushy herb, ½-2 ft. high. Leaves deltoid to +hastate, densely mealy-glandular. Fl. solitary, axillary; cor. +pale-lilac, throat yellow with purple lines, ab. 1 in. long, +obscurely 2-lipped, lower lobes ¾ in. long. Caps. ½-¾ in. long, +hairy, furnished with 2 apical horns.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. +(Obeid, Taiara); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Darfur +Prov. (Kulme).</p> + +<p class="p3">It is eaten as a vegetable.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="acanthace">ACANTHACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn666"><span class= +"sn">666</span><span class="taxon bold">Thunbergia affinis</span> +<em>S. Moore.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Woody herb, 6-7 ft. high. Leaves opp. as in all this +family, ovate, acuminate, 4½ in. long; pet. ¾ in. with 2 thorns at +base. Fl. solitary, enclosed by 2 ovate bracteoles, giving a false +appearance of a calyx, 1¼ in. long; calyx lobes 5 dotted with white +scales; cor. tube yellow, 1¾ in. long; lobes violet, ½ in. long. +Caps. 1 in. long, beaked.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land); Belgian Congo +(Niamniam-land: Naporruporru River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn666-2" title="Thunbergia"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. annua</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Hairy marsh herb. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, 4 in. +long, sessile. Fl. solitary on short peduncle; bracteoles 2, ovate, +keeled; cor. white (?), tube ½ in. long; lobes 5, ⅛ in. long; st. +4, anthers with 2 spurs at base. Caps. beaked.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (J. +Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (Abu Gerad).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn666-3" title="Thunbergia"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. annua</span> <em>Hochst.</em> <span class= +"taxon bold">var. Ruspolii</span> <em>Burkill.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">More hairy. Leaves subtruncate at base; bracteoles +hirsute.</p> + +<p class="p2">Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn666-4" title="Thunbergia"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. hispida</span> <em>Solm.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Hispidly white herb; stems 4-angled. Leaves +elliptic-oblong, 1 in. long. Fl. solitary; bracteoles 2, +ovate-acuminate; cor. white, lobes 5; st. 4, anthers 2-spurred +below. Caps. 1 in. long, glandular.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Roseires); Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat +River: between Abwong and Nasser).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn666-5" title="Thunbergia"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. alata</span> <em>Boj.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Climbing, pilose herb. Leaves ovate sagittate or +hastate, 2½ in. long; pet. 1-2 in. long, winged. Fl. solitary on 2 +in. long peduncles; bracteoles ovate, 1 in. long; cor. tube +claret-coloured<span class="pagenum" id="Page_338">[338]</span> 1/5 +in. long; lobes 5, yellow to white, ab. ½ in. long; anthers 4, 2 +upper ones 1-spurred, 2 lower 2-spurred. Caps. ¾ in. long, seeds +4.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso +River); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn666-6" title="Thunbergia"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>S. Moore.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Strigose herb. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, 2½ in. +long, hastate. Fl. solitary, peduncles ab. 1 in. long; bracteoles +ovate-lanceolate, white with green veins. Cor. 1¼ in. long, lobes +small; st. 4, 2 anthers 1-spurred.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: near Zeriba Kutshuk +Ali).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn667"><span class= +"sn">667</span><span class="taxon bold">Elytraria crenata</span> +<em>Vahl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Dwarf pubescent herb. Leaves alt., crowded near the +base, 2-7 in. long, spathulate or oblanceolate, crenate or sinuate. +Scapes several, 2-9 in. high, covered with small bracts; spikes +simple or compound; bracteoles 2; calyx 4-partite; cor. white or +pale blue, ⅓ in. long, 2-lipped, 5-lobed. Caps. ovoid, ⅙ in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Yuru River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn668"><span class= +"sn">668</span><span class="taxon bold">Nelsonia campestris</span> +<em>R. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small villous, diffuse herb. Leaves opp., elliptic, +variable in size. Spikes 1-3 in. long imbricated; bracts ovate; +bracteoles 0; cor. usually pale lilac or white, 2-lipped, 5-lobed; +st. 2. Caps. oblong, ¼ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Roseires and Fazoghli); Upper White Nile +Prov. (Taufikia); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land, Mvolo and +Ngama, Niamniam-land, Nabambisso River); Mongalla Prov.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn669"><span class= +"sn">669</span><span class="taxon bold">Hygrophila spinosa</span> +<em>T. Anders.</em> MASHIKA & SHUEIKA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; TĪL +(or ATIL) (Meshra El Zeraf & Kenissa)—Dinka.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bushy spiny herb, growing in marshy ground. Leaves +oblanceolate, hispid, 3-4 in. long, opp. or whorled with 6 spines 1 +in. long at their base. Fl. in dense axillary clusters with many +linear or lanceolate bracts; cor. mauve, 2-lipped, upper one +forming a hood, tube ½ in. long, lip ⅓ in. long. Caps. ⅓ in. long; +seeds 4-8, placed on small brackets (retinacula) and covered with +fine hairs (hygroscopic) which uncurl when wetted.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Fung. Prov. +(Fazoghli); White Nile Prov. (Jebelein southwards, J. Arashkol); +Kordofan Prov. (several places); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Ghabat El +Arab and Bongo-land); Mongalla Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Zalingei).</p> + +<p class="p3">The whole plant or its ashes and the roots are used +as a cooling medicine and diuretic in cases of hepatic obstruction, +dropsy, rheumatism, etc. The seeds are demulcent and diuretic.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn669-2" title="Hygrophila"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_339">[339]</span><span class="taxon bold">H. +cærulea</span> <em>T. Anders.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Bushy pilose herb. Leaves narrowly obovate, ½-¾ in. +long, sessile. Fl. in short terminal spikes; bracts linear; calyx +segments 5, filiform, ¼ in. long; cor. ⅔ in. long, 2-lipped, upper +hooded; st. 4 unequal. Caps. ¼ in. long, many seeded; seeds as +above.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov. (J. Musa, El Ehs); Nuba Mts. Prov. +(J. El Glet and Um Kheren).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn670"><span class= +"sn">670</span><span class="taxon bold">Dyschoriste +Perrottetii</span> <em>O. Kuntze.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Undershr. 3-4 ft. high. Leaves lanceolate, up to 3½ +in. long. Fl. 3-8, clustered; bracteoles 2, lin.-oblong; calyx ⅓ +in. long, 5-partite; cor. ½ in. long, tube inflated, lobes 5, +subequal. Caps. ab. ⅓ in. long; seeds 4, hygroscopic.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung. Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Bongo-land: River Tidju, Mittu-land).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn671"><span class= +"sn">671</span><span class="taxon bold">Ruellia patula</span> +<em>Jacq.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small shrub. Leaves in subequal pairs, ovate or +elliptic, ½-2½ in. long, grey-pubescent. Cymes small, axillary, +enclosed in ¾ in. long spathulate-oblong bracteoles; cor. mauve or +white, 1⅓ in. long, tube inflated, lobes 5, subequal, spreading. +Caps. ½ in. long, club-shaped; seeds ab. 12, hygroscopic.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Nubian coast); Khartoum Prov. +(J. Royan); White Nile Prov. (Jebelein); Kordofan Prov.; Mongalla +Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Jebel Marra, Niurnya, 6,500 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn671-2" title="Ruellia"><span class= +"taxon bold">R. prætermissa</span> <em>Lindau.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Much as above. Leaves somewhat larger and more +pointed, nearly glabrous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, & Bongo-land: Gir & +Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn671-3" title="Ruellia"><span class= +"taxon bold">R. genduana</span> <em>C. B. Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small shrub. Leaves up to 3 in. long, +elliptic-lanceolate or orbicular, glabrous. Caps. hairy otherwise +as above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Gendua River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn672"><span class= +"sn">672</span><span class="taxon bold">Paulowilhelmia +sclerochiton</span> <em>Lindau.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub. Leaves ovate, toothed, long petioled. Fl. in +scorpioid, axillary, lax cymes or terminal panicles; calyx 5-part., +½ in. long; cor. tube 1 in. long, inflated, lobes 5, subequal. +Caps. under ½ in. long; seeds 4, hygroscopic.</p> + +<p class="p2">Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Assika River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn673"><span class= +"sn">673</span><span class="taxon bold">Phaylopsis +falcisepala</span> <em>C. B. Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Branched herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves opp., often +unequal and oblique, ovate, acuminate, up to 3 in. long. Fl. +sessile in threes, in axils of large dense imbricated bracts in a +close one-sided inflor.; sepals 5 of which 2 are falcate; cor. +white or purplish, tube ¼ in., lobes 5, 2-lipped. Caps. ¼ in. long; +seeds 4, hygroscopic.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn673-2" title="Phaylopsis"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_340">[340]</span><span class="taxon bold">P. +Barteri</span> <em>T. Anders.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrubby herb 1-3 ft. high. Leaves ovate to oblong, +acuminate both ends, up to 4½ in. long. Fl. in dense imbricate +(strobilate) spikes 2½ in. long; calyx segments 5, from elliptic to +linear; cor. tube ⅓ in. long, inflated above. Caps. and seeds as +above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Addai & Dimo in +Jur-land).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn674"><span class= +"sn">674</span><span class="taxon bold">Satanocrater +fellatensis</span> <em>Schwfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Undershrub. Leaves elliptic or broad-lanceolate, 3 +in. long. Fl. solitary, opp. in the leaf-axils; calyx tubular, +inflated, 5-angled and 5-toothed, 1 in. long; cor. blue, tube +inflated, ab. 2 in. long, lobes 5, subequal, ½ in. long; st. 4. +Caps. oblong; seeds 4 discoid and hygroscopic.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Fellata village).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn675"><span class= +"sn">675</span><span class="taxon bold">Hemigraphis +abyssinica</span> <em>C. B. Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Pubescent wiry herb. Leaves elliptic, ⅔ in. long, +subsessile. Fl. in axillary clusters and quasi-terminal spikes; +sepals 5, hairy, ¼ in. long; cor. ¼ in. long, tubular and 5-lobed; +st. 4. Caps. cylindric; seeds 6-12, hygroscopic on stout +retinacula.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov. (El Ehs); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (between Chak Chak & Deim Zubeir).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn675-2" title="Hemigraphis"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>C. B. Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Pubescent herb, ½-1 ft. high. Leaves lanceolate, up +to 2 in. long, tapering to both ends. Fl. much as above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat River: mouth of Khor +Filus); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Sabbi, & Mittu-land: +Rivers Roa & Wokko).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn676"><span class= +"sn">676</span><span class="taxon bold">Blepharis +bœrhaaviæfolia</span> <em>Pers.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Procumbent shrubby herb. Leaves 4-nate in distant +whorls, elliptic, 1½ in. long, sessile. Fl. in axil of terminal +bract in a bracteate spike; bract ⅓ in. long, spathulate with 7-15 +spines at margin; cor. blue, ½ in. long, 1-lipped. Caps. ¼ in. +long; seeds 2, hygroscopic.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan +Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Roah River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn676-2" title="Blepharis"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. linariifolia</span> <em>Pers.</em> BEGHEIL or UM +BEGEIL—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Low growing woody herb. Leaves linear, up to 3 in. +long. Bracteate spikes in the axils of the branches, 1-3 in. long; +bracts up to 1 in. long, ovate abruptly pointed and recurved, with +6 brown spines; bracteoles linear; cor. deep blue, 1 in. long, +1-lipped; st. 4; anthers hairy, filaments of 2 antichous stamens +bearing a horn-like appendage. Capsule ovoid; seeds 2, +hygroscopic.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov.; +Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Kulme).</p> + +<p class="p3">It is said to be the favourite food of Oryx leucoryx +and of camels.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn676-3" title="Blepharis"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_341">[341]</span><span class="taxon bold">B. +edulis</span> <em>Pers.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Bushy woody herb. Leaves 4-nate, up to 2 in. long, 1 +pair smaller, oblong or narrow elliptic, spinescent. Fl. in +strobilate spikes up to 4 in. long; bracts 1½ in. long, ovate, +acuminate, recurved, spiny; cor. blue, ¾ in. long. Caps. ¼ in. +long; seeds 2, hygroscopic.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L., coastland); Nubia (between +North Atbara, Khors in Desert); Khartoum Prov. (rocky hills); +Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">A good camel fodder.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn677"><span class= +"sn">677</span><span class="taxon bold">Acanthus arboreus</span> +<em>Forsk.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stout shrub, up to 20 ft. high. Leaves spinous lobed +or sub-pinnatifid, up to 12 × 6 in. Spikes 1-3, terminal, up to 10 +in. long, by 2 in. broad; bracts 1½ in. long, spinous as well as +(2) bracteoles; calyx spiny, 4-fid; cor. rose or pale purple, 1¾ +in. long, 1-lipped. Caps. ¾ in. long; seeds glabrous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile Prov. (Fazoghli).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn677-2" title="Acanthus"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. montanus</span> <em>T. Anders.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Up to 3 ft. high, otherwise much as above, but +flowers and capsule larger and leaves caudate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn678"><span class= +"sn">678</span><span class="taxon bold">Barleria candida</span> +<em>Nees.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Prickly undershrub with long white tubular flowers. +Seeds shaggy, hygroscopic as all in this genus.</p> + +<p class="p2">Khartoum Prov. (rocky hills).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn678-2" title="Barleria"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. Prionitis</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Bushy herb, ab. 18 in. high. Leaves elliptic, usually +ab. 3-4 in. long with fascicles of spines at their base. Fl. +axillary, solitary or 2 together; cor. buff-coloured, 2-lipped, +1-1½ in. long. Caps. ovoid, beaked, 2-seeded.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Daier).</p> + +<p class="p3">It is said to yield a gum. In India the juice of the +leaves is used in catarrhal affections of children. It is also used +to harden the feet and thus prevent the soles from cracking.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn678-3" title="Barleria"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. diacantha</span> <em>Nees.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Very similar to preceding but spines often paired and +about 1 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">No locality (fide Mrs. Crowfoot).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn678-4" title="Barleria"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. trispinosa</span> <em>Vahl.</em> +OT-HAUK—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bushy herb; interpetiolar spines 2-3 together, up to +1 in. long. Fl. in terminal imbricate heads 1-2 in. long, yellow, +2-lipped, otherwise as above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (near Erkowit).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn678-5" title="Barleria"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. grandicalyx</span> <em>Lindau.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Hispid herb, 1 ft. high. Leaves obovate-oblong, 2 in. +long; interpet. spines ⅓ in. long. Fl. solitary; calyx ¾ in. +spinous; cor. pale blue, tube ¾ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_342">[342]</span>Bahr +El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir, Wau, Mittu-land: Rohl River); +Upper White Nile Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn678-6" title="Barleria"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. acanthoides</span> <em>Vahl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Prickly, densely white-hairy undershr. Leaves +elliptic-oblong, 1-2 in. long; interpet. spines 2-4 together. +Racemes 2-8 fl., scorpioid; bracts spinous; cor. white; tube 3 in. +long; lobes ⅓ in. long. Caps. ½ in., seeds 4.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Khartoum Prov.; Darfur +Prov. (J. Barkin).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn678-7" title="Barleria"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. spinulosa</span> <em>Klotzsch.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tomentose and glandular-hairy herb. Leaves elliptic, +up to 3 in. long. Fl. in axillary compact bracteate racemes 1-8 +flowered; bracts and sepals ab. ½ in. long, spine-toothed; cor. +pale-blue, ¾ in. long, lobes. Caps. ½ in. long, seeds 4, +hygroscopic.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nuba Mts. Prov. (Kadugli).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn678-8" title="Barleria"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. parviflora</span> <em>R. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Unarmed shrubby herb with appressed white hairs. +Leaves elliptic-ovate, up to 1¼ in. long, sessile. Cymes lax, 1-3 +flowered; bracts ⅓ in. long, broad lanceolate; 2 outer calyx +segments ¼ in. long; cor. ⅔ in. long. Caps. ⅓ in. long, pubescent, +beaked; seeds 2, hygroscopic.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn678-9" title="Barleria"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. eranthemoides</span> <em>R. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Spiny and bushy plant, not unlike <i>B. +Prionitis</i>, but cor. tube 1 in. long, linear to top; lobes 5, +yellow, sub-equal, ⅓-½ in. long, not 2-lipped.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn678-10" title="Barleria"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. Hochstetteri</span> <em>Nees.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Unarmed undershrub, with minute rough hairs. Leaves +elliptic, ab. 1¾ in. long; pet. short. Cymes few-flowered, lax; 2 +outer calyx segments, nearly ½ in. long, ovate; cor. tube ½ in. +long, lobes ⅓-½ in. Caps. nearly ½ in. long; seeds 2, +hygroscopic.</p> + +<p class="p2">Between Suakin & Berber (Wadi Omareg); White Nile +Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (J. Sungur).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn678-11" title="Barleria"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. calophylla</span> <em>Lindau.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Unarmed herb, up to 1½ ft. high. Leaves oblong, up to +4 in. long, sessile, rounded or cordate. Infl. in 1-3 flowered +axillary racemes, crowded at top into an oblong head; bracts ⅔ in. +long; calyx segments varying from 1 to 1½ in. long; cor. white or +pinkish, tube 1½ in. long, lobes 1¼ in. long. Caps. ¾ in; seeds +4.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Gumba & +Bongo-land: Addai).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn678-12" title="Barleria"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. ventricosa</span> <em>Nees.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Scrambling, spiny herb or undershr., 3-6 ft. high. +Leaves strigose with tawny hairs, up to 2 in. long, +yellowish-green.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_343">[343]</span> +Fl. in axillary cymes forming a less dense head than above; bracts +½ in. long; sepals 5, postichous one quadrate-oblong, ½ in. long; +cor. ½ in. long, blue or purple, funnel-shaped; lobes 5. Caps. ½ +in. long, ellipsoid; seeds 2.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nuba Mts. Prov. (Khor Mashisha near Dilling).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn678-13" title="Barleria"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. Grantii</span> <em>Oliv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Scrambling herb or undershr. Leaves ovate, 2 in. +long, hairy, dark green. Cymes 1-2 flowered, axillary and running +into terminal spikes; bracts ¾ in. long, linear; postichous sepal ¾ +in. long, ovate; cor. deep purple; tube ⅔ in., long, inflated, +lobes ⅔ in. long. Caps. ½ in. long; seeds 2.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambe).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn679"><span class= +"sn">679</span><span class="taxon bold">Neuracanthus niveus</span> +<em>S. Moore.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Undershrub. Leaves broadly elliptic, up to 4 in. +long, white stellate-tomentose beneath. Fl. in axillary sessile +ovoid heads, white-hairy; bracts ½ in. long; calyx 2-partite, +antichous segment 2-fid, postichous 3-fid; cor. ⅔ in. long, +funnel-shaped, lobes 5, triangular. Caps. ovoid, beaked, small. +Seeds 2-4 hygroscopic.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn680"><span class= +"sn">680</span><span class="taxon bold">Crossandra nilotica</span> +<em>Oliv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves elliptic, up to 4 in. +long. Fl. in imbricate, bracteate spikes, 1-2½ in. long; bracts ab. +½ in. long, obovate-elliptic; calyx 5-partite, postichous segment +with 2 hairy teeth; cor. brick-red, tube ¾ in. long, lobes 5, ½ in. +long. Caps. ⅓ in. long, elliptic; seeds 4, hygroscopic.</p> + +<p class="p2">Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat River: Itang); Bahr El +Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">var. acuminata</span> +<em>Lindau.</em></p> + +<p class="p4">Tip of bracts more acute than above.</p> + +<p class="p4">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit: near Biselli).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn680-2" title="Crossandra"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. subacaulis</span> <em>C. B. Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Almost acaulescent herb. Leaves basal, crowded, +obovate, up to 6 in. long, sessile. Fl. on peduncles up to 5 in. +long, bearing loose spikes up to 4 in. long; bracts 5-9 nerved, +otherwise fl. as in above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Upper White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur & +Bongo lands); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla); Moru-land.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn681"><span class= +"sn">681</span><span class="taxon bold">Asystasia +coromandeliana</span> <em>Nees.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb up to 4 ft. high. Leaves ovate, 3 in. long, +suddenly narrowed at base. Racemes 2-6 in. long, often forming a +terminal panicle; cor. lilac to yellow or white; tube ¾ in. long, +inflated; limb 5-fid; st. 4, each 1-2 spurred. Caps. 1 in. long; +seeds 4, not hygroscopic.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli, Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Mittu-land: Mvolo); Mongalla Prov.; Darfur (Kulme).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn682"><span class= +"sn">682</span><span class="taxon bold">Eranthemum decurrens</span> +<em>Nees.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb or undershr. Leaves ovate, 4-9 in. long, +decurrent into petiole. Fl. 1-3 together on bracteate 4-6 in. long +spikes<span class="pagenum" id="Page_344">[344]</span> pubescent +and with stalked glands; bracts minute; sepals small, equal; cor. +yellow with red centre, tube 1 in. long; perfect st. 2. Caps. 1 in. +long; seeds 4, hairless.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Jur: Dimo).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn682-2" title="Eranthemum"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. hypocrateriforme</span> <em>Roem.</em> & +<em>Schultes.</em> ERG EL NIMR—Arab; MERZIS—Hameg.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub, 3-4 ft. high. Leaves ovate or elliptic, 3½ in. +long, white-dotted. Panicles linear, 2-7 in. long; axillary cymes +dense; cor. scarlet, tube 1 in. long, lobes 5 spreading, ½ in. +long; perfect st. 2. Caps. 1¼ in. long; seeds 4, hairless.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">The root ground to a paste is given in merissa for +stomach-ache.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn683"><span class= +"sn">683</span><span class="taxon bold">Lepidagathis +scariosa</span> <em>Nees.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, woody below. Leaves elliptic to ovate, 2 in. +long, grey hairy beneath. Fl. in terminal ovoid heads, with soft +prickles and gland-tipped hairs; cor. 2-lipped, 1 in. long; st. 4; +caps. ⅓ in. long; seeds 4, hygroscopic.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. +(30 miles E. of Zalingei).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn683-2" title="Lepidagathis"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Lindau.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Low herb, woody below. Leaves linear, 4 in. long, +crowded at base except on 1 or more elongated leaf-bearing shoots, +ab. 6 in. long. Fl. mostly in dense hairy radical heads; cor. white +with purple spots, ⅔ in. long; st. 4; seeds hygroscopic.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn683-3" title="Lepidagathis"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. radicalis</span> <em>Nees.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Differs from above by more hairy, shorter and +slightly broader leaves.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nuba Mts. Prov. (Ghebeish near J. Eliri); Mongalla +Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Jebel Marra: Goluberi Volcano, 8,000 ft.); +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn683-4" title="Lepidagathis"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. myrtifolia</span> <em>S. Moore.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Woody plant, apparently rooting on trees or rocks, +ab. 2-3 ft. high; branches flexuous. Leaves elliptic, 1 in. long, +subsessile. Fl. in radical and axillary dense ovoid white-hairy +heads; bracts ⅓ in. long; sepals 5; cor. 2-lipped, ⅓ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Gir).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn683-5" title="Lepidagathis"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. perglabra</span> <em>C. B. Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous except for margins of floral leaves. Leaves +linear, 3-nerved, 3¼ in. long. Fl. in axillary heads.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Ngoli).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn683-6" title="Lepidagathis"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. peniculifera</span> <em>S. Moore.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stout woody plant. Leaves linear, 1¼ in. long, tips +acute, with long white hairs. Spikes compound, 2 in. long, +one-sided, 1 to 2 together; bracts dense, leathery, ovate +mucronate;<span class="pagenum" id="Page_345">[345]</span> sep. 5, +⅓ in. long, hairy and leathery; cor. ⅔ in. long; st. 4.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: Reggo).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn683-7" title="Lepidagathis"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. Medusæ</span> <em>S. Moore.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stout villous plant. Leaves 4 in. by ½ in., 5-nerved. +Spikes unilateral, compound, 1-2 together in upper axils, 1½ in. +long; bracts ovate with long deflexed white hairy tails; sepals 5, +also with ⅓ in. long tails; cor. ⅔ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Ngoli).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn683-8" title="Lepidagathis"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. laguroidea</span> <em>T. Anders.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Woody plant; young parts minutely pubescent. Leaves +ovate to narrow-elliptic, 2 in. long, narrowed both ends. Spikes +terminal, 2 in. long, not imbricate; bracts lin.-lanceolate; cor. ⅓ +in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: Mvolo).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn684"><span class= +"sn">684</span><span class="taxon bold">Justicia Betonica</span> +<em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrubby, nearly glabrous herb. Leaves ovate, +acuminate to both ends, 3 in. long. Spikes imbricate, 4½ in. long; +bracts somewhat 4-ranked, ovate, ⅓ in. long, white with green +nerves; bracteoles similar, smaller; cor. white, rose-spotted, ½ +in. long, 2-lipped; st. 2, one anther cell below the other, +long-tailed. Caps. ½ in. long, hairy; seeds 4, rugose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn684-2" title="Justicia"><span class= +"taxon bold">J. betonicoides</span> <em>C. B. Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">As above, but leaves subsessile, oblong or +lanceolate, hairy beneath and on nerves above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Mittu- & +Bongo-lands).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn684-3" title="Justicia"><span class= +"taxon bold">J. flava</span> <em>Vahl.</em> MAHBAB (White Nile +Prov.)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Hairy herb, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, up +to 3 in. long, both surfaces hairy; pet. ⅔ in. long. Spikes +terminal, 4-8 in. long, sometimes interrupted at base; bracts ab. ½ +in. long, lanceolate, containing 1-3 fl., green, hairy; bracteoles +similar but smaller; sep. 5, small, hairy; cor. yellow; st. 2, one +anther cell below the other, tailed. Caps. ⅓ in. long; seeds 4, +shortly hairy.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Khor Tamanib, Suakin & Erkowit); Fung +Prov. (Saoleil); White Nile Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra +El Zeraf, Sobat: mouth of Khor Filus).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn684-4" title="Justicia"><span class= +"taxon bold">J. palustris</span> <em>T. Anders.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves oblong tapering to both ends, 6½ in. long; +pet. short, otherwise much as above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); White Nile Prov. +(Jebel Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn684-5" title="Justicia"><span class= +"taxon bold">J. insularis</span> <em>T. Anders.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Scrambling hispid herb. Leaves lanceolate-oblong, 3½ +in. long; pet. ¼-1 in. long. Fl. 1-3 in axil of each bract; bracts +round or obovate, ⅓ in. long; cor. white with purple<span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_346">[346]</span> mark on lower lip which is +3-lobed and the longer; st. 2 as above. Caps. ⅓ in., seeds 4, +rugose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambe).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn684-6" title="Justicia"><span class= +"taxon bold">J. calcarata</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb with woody rootstock; branches with spreading +hairs. Leaves 3 × 1 in. tapering to both ends. Fl. 1-3 in axils of +bracts; bracts ovate or elliptic, ⅓ in. long; cor. purple, +otherwise as above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. +(Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (El Obeid); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Gurfala).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn684-7" title="Justicia"><span class= +"taxon bold">J. galeopsis</span> <em>T. Anders.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Much as <i>J. insularis</i> but leaves oblong, +subsessile, calyx more hispid; cor. purple-red or yellow.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land); Darfur Prov. (Kulme, +3,600 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn684-8" title="Justicia"><span class= +"taxon bold">J. sexangularis</span> <em>Lindau.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, 18 in. high with 6-angled stem, scabrid hairy. +Leaves oblong, up to 2 in., subsessile. Fl. 1-3 in axils of oblong +bracts; cor. purple, ½ in. long. Caps. ab. ¼ in. long, hairy; seeds +4, tubercled.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (Melbes).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn684-9" title="Justicia"><span class= +"taxon bold">J. Whytei</span> <em>S. Moore.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Hairy herb with stout woody rootstock. Leaves ovate +to lanceolate. Fl. 1-3 in axils of bracts; cor. purple, ½ in. long. +Caps. ¼ in. hairy; seeds 4.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn684-10" title="Justicia"><span class= +"taxon bold">J. heterocarpa</span> <em>T. Anders.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Pubescent annual, 8-20 in. high. Leaves +ovate-lanceolate, 1½ in. long; pet. ½-¾ in. Fl. in axillary +clusters of 2 to many; sepals minute, white-hairy; cor. ¼ in. long. +Caps. of 2 kinds in same head, one 4-seeded, normal, and one +1-seeded and spinous-winged.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (below Erkowit & 21° N. Lat.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn684-11" title="Justicia"><span class= +"taxon bold">J. odora</span> <em>Vahl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Undershr., 1-2 ft. high. Leaves ovate or oblong, 1-3 +in. long. Fl. solitary to 3 in axils of bracts; cor. ½ in. long, +yellow. Caps. ½ in. long; seeds 4 tubercular-scabrous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn684-12" title="Justicia"><span class= +"taxon bold">J. anselliana</span> <em>T. Anders.</em> ABU NUWARA +(Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; ALUME (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka.</p> + +<p class="p2">Weak herb, 12 to 20 in. high. Leaves linear to +lanceolate, 1¾ in. long or ovate, ⅔ in. long. Fl. 2-8 in axillary +scorpioid cymes; cor. ¼ in. long. Caps. ⅓ in. long; seeds 4, +wrinkled and more or less winged.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Upper White Nile Prov. +(Meshra El Zeraf southwards, Sobat mouth); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Sabbi River); Bahr El Jebel.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn684-13" title="Justicia"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_347">[347]</span><span class="taxon bold">J. +matammensis</span> <em>Oliv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Much like above; more pubescent and no leaves linear; +cor. white.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Fung Prov. +(Fazoghli); Upper White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn684-14" title="Justicia"><span class= +"taxon bold">J. uncinulata</span> <em>Oliv.</em> <span class= +"taxon bold">var. tenuicapsa</span> <em>C. B. Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Rootstock woody; branches 4-6 in. long. Leaves +elliptic or ovate ½-⅔ in. long. Spikes axillary, unilateral with +few distant solitary flowers; cor. ab. ¼ in. long. Caps. ¼ in., +slender, hispid near top; seeds 4, rugose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Upper White Nile.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn685"><span class= +"sn">685</span><span class="taxon bold">Monechma hispidum</span> +<em>Hochst.</em> SHAIIR (Goz El Siada)—Arab; TILL (Goz El +Siada)—Dinka; MELL—Burun.</p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves 3 × ¾ in., hispid-scabrous +or glabrate. Spikes hispid with long white hairs, 4 in. long in +fruit; bracts 1 in. long, oblong, bracteoles ¾ in.; sepals 5, ⅓ in. +long; cor. white, spotted purple, ½ in. long, 2-lipped; st. 2, 1 +anther-cell below the other, long-tailed, tail 2-fid. Caps. ⅓ in. +long; seeds 2 with tufts of hair at either end.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. +(Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (El Obeid); Upper White Nile Prov. +(Goz El Siada); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Bahr El +Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn685-2" title="Monechma"><span class= +"taxon bold">M. bracteatum</span> <em>Hochst.</em> FAKHAH (Sennar, +Dinder)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves lanceolate, up to 4 in. +long. Spikes strobilate (imbricate) 2 in. long, axillary or +terminal; bracts round, ciliate, enclosing calyx which is 1/5 in. +long, hairy; cor. ½ in. long; st. as above. Caps. ¼ in. long, +white-hairy; seeds 2, yellow-brown.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung, Kordofan & +Darfur Provinces; Red Sea Prov. (Karora Hills).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn685-3" title="Monechma"><span class= +"taxon bold">M. varians</span> <em>C. B. Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb with woody rootstock, up to 18 in. high. Leaves +elliptic-oblong, up to 2 in. long, subsessile. Spikes terminal, 1¼ +in. long, dense; bracts oblong-elliptic, ½ in. long; bracteoles ⅓ +in. long; sepals 5, glandular-hairy, one smaller; cor. ½ in. long; +anthers short-tailed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (between River Biri & Deim +Zubeir).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn686"><span class= +"sn">686</span><span class="taxon bold">Ecbolium linneanum</span> +<em>Kurz.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub. Leaves narrowly oblong to broadly ovate, up to +3 in. long. Spikes terminal, 4 in. long: bracts strobilate ¾ in. +long, ovate, apiculate, often pubescent; bracteoles ¼ in. long, +linear; sepals 5, linear; cor. tube ab. 1 in. long, limb 2-lipped, +½ in.; st. 2, anthers nearly equal height. Caps. ¾ in. long; seeds +2, rough edged.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Sinkat, Suakin, & 21° N. Lat.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn686-2" title="Ecbolium"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. Anisacanthus</span> <em>C. B. Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small woody, densely white-hairy shrub. Leaves +lin.-lanceolate,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_348">[348]</span> 1½ +in. long. Spikes terminal, 1¾ in. long, 8-12 flowered; bracts +hardly imbricate, elliptic, ½ in. long; bracteoles minute; calyx +small, 2-lipped; cor. tube ⅓ in.; limb 2-lipped, ⅓ in. long. +Anthers of equal height. Caps ⅓ in. long; seeds 2, yellow, smooth, +shining.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Khor Ashat & Erkowit); Between Suakin +& Berber (Wadi Omari).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn687"><span class= +"sn">687</span><span class="taxon bold">Dicliptera maculata</span> +<em>Nees.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, 2-3 ft. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, 3½ in. long; +pet. 1 in. Peduncles axillary and terminal, 1-3 in. long; pedicels +many, ¾ in. long; outer bract under ½ in., elliptic, pubescent; +bracteoles 2; sep. 5, ⅙ in. long; cor. purple to white, deeply +2-lipped, ¾ in. long; st. 2, one anther cell above the other. Caps. +small, ovoid; seeds 2 or 4.</p> + +<p class="p2">Æthiopia.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn687-2" title="Dicliptera"><span class= +"taxon bold">D. micranthes</span> <em>Nees.</em> RAKAB—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tall herb; stems 6-angled; angles whitened. Leaves +elliptic, 3 in. long, narrowed both ends. Spikelets in dense +globose heads, ½-¾ in. diam., terminal and axillary; 2 bracts of +the spikelet ab. ⅓ in. long, obovate-lanceolate, suddenly narrowed +into a spinescent mucro, with long white hair; bracteoles shorter, +linear; sepals 5, small; cor. ab. ½ in. long, mauve. Caps. ⅙ in. +long, somewhat hairy; seeds up to 4, tubercled.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur +Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Khor Attar, Meshra El Zeraf).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn687-3" title="Dicliptera"><span class= +"taxon bold">D. nilotica</span> <em>C. B. Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, 4-8 in. high, pubescent. Leaves +elliptic-oblong, up to 2 in. long. Flower heads dense, small, +terminal, or the axillary heads peduncled; bracts lin.-oblong, +hairy; sepals 5, small; cor. rose-purple to white, ¾ in. long, +2-lipped, lips unusually broad; 1 anther cell above the other.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn688"><span class= +"sn">688</span><span class="taxon bold">Peristrophe +bicalyculata</span> <em>Nees.</em> HERSHA (White Nile) & NA’ANA’A +(N. Kordn.)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tall, glabrous or hispid herb, branches 4-7 angular. +Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, up to 4 in. long. Panicles often 12-18 +in. long, very lax, much divided, spikelets with 1 perfect fl.; +bracts 2, enclosing the calyx and ⅓ in. long; bracteoles 2, calyx +small; cor. pale-purple, ½ in. long, 2-lipped; st. 2, 1 anther cell +above the other. Caps. ⅓ in. long; seeds 4, smooth or +papillose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat.); Khartoum Prov.; Blue +Nile Prov. (Rufaa); Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Jebel Arashkol); +Kordofan Prov. (Hilla Nu, Bara, etc.); Mongalla Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">The Plant, macerated in water, is said to be a useful +remedy for snake-bite.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn688-2" title="Peristrophe"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. luteoviridis</span> <em>C. B. Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stout yellow-green herb. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, +nearly<span class="pagenum" id="Page_349">[349]</span> 4 in. long, +narrowed both ends. Fl. clustered in dense spikes 3 in. long; +spikelets 1-flowered; bracts and bractlets ½ in. long; calyx ⅓ in. +long; cor. rose, purple spotted, 1 in. long, 2-lipped; st. 2, +anther cells nearly at equal height. Caps. ¾ in. long; seeds 4, +smooth, discoid.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit: Deim Bekir & +Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn689"><span class= +"sn">689</span><span class="taxon bold">Hypoestes cancellata</span> +<em>Nees.</em> MAHALAB (Baggara)—Arab; EMBEILU (Kadugli)—Nuba.</p> + +<p class="p2">More or less hairy herb; stems 2 ft. high, bent at +the joints. Leaves oblong, up to 2 in. long. Heads mainly terminal, +1½ in. long, in dense congested panicles, yellow, hispid; spikeless +1-flowered; bracts ½ in. long, including a linear tail; cor. red ¾ +in. long, 2-lipped. Caps. ¼ in. long; seeds 4, tubercled.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: +Addai).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn689-2" title="Hypoestes"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. strobilifera</span> <em>S. Moore.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Pubescent herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves lin.-oblong, 5½ +in. long. Heads terminal, 1 in. long, densely strobilate; outer +floral leaves spathulate-obovate, with 1-3 spikelets under each; +bracts 1/5 in.; sep. small; cor. pale-lilac, ⅔ in. long, deeply +2-lipped; st. 2; anthers 1-celled, blunt. Caps. ⅓ in.; seeds 4, +tubercled.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Addai).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn689-3" title="Hypoestes"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. Forskalei</span> <em>R. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Nearly glabrous undershrub. Leaves +elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, 2 in. long. Infl. axillary, forming +a terminal panicle; spikelets in unilateral cymes, 1½ in. long; 2 +outer bracts connate; cor. mauve with purple spots in throat, ½ in. +long, deeply 2-lipped, upper lip and central lobe of lower curled +back; st. 2, abruptly club-shaped, filaments with purple hairs. +Caps. ¼ in. long; seeds 2, smooth.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (Abu Hefe); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra & +over 6,500 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn689-4" title="Hypoestes"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. verticillaris</span> <em>R. Br.</em> ABU FAS +(Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Stem with long and gland-tipped hairs mixed. Leaves +ovate, sharply narrowed to both ends, ab. 3 in. long. Bracts +fringed with white hairs, otherwise as above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Fung Prov. +(Roseires); White Nile, Kordofan & Mongalla Provinces.</p> + +<p class="p3">The roots are used at Meshra El Zeraf for dyeing +mats.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="verbenace">VERBENACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn690"><span class= +"sn">690</span><span class="taxon bold">Lantana viburnoides</span> +<em>Vahl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect hairy shrub. Leaves opp., ovate, 3-4 in. long, +crenate. Spikes dense, axillary, up to 1½ in. long; bracts ovate, +up to ¼ in. long; calyx 5-toothed, campanulate, small; cor. white, +5-lobed, ⅙ in. long. Drupe fleshy, purple, size of a pea.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_350">[350]</span>Bahr +El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn690-2" title="Lantana"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. salvifolia</span> <em>Jacq.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Hairy shrub. Leaves opp., ovate, 1-2 in. long, +crenate. Spikes globose to oblong, 1 in. long; bracts ovate, ¼ in. +long; cor. lilac or pink, ⅓ in. long; limb patent ⅙ in. diam.; st. +4, didynamous. Drupe purple, edible.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Has Has & Khor Tamanib); Bahr +El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn690-3" title="Lantana"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. petitiana</span> <em>Rich.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Hispid undershrub. Leaves opp., ovate, ½ in. long, +crenate. Heads globose, ⅓ in. diam.; bracts ovate, ⅙ in. long; cor. +lilac, tube ⅙ in. long, limb small, 5-lobed; st. and drupe as +above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas & +Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn691"><span class= +"sn">691</span><span class="taxon bold">Lippia nodiflora</span> +<em>Rich.</em> LIBBIA—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Trailing herb, rooting at the nodes. Leaves opp. or +fascicled, obovate, dentate in upper half. Spikes globose to +oblong, ¼ in. diam.; bracts small; cor. small, purplish.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (coast); Khartoum & Blue Nile +Provinces.</p> + +<p class="p3">Suited for an edging plant in gardens and used for +lawns.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn691-2" title="Lippia"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. Radula</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Woolly herb, 3-4 ft. high. Leaves ternate, oblong, up +to 4 in. long, sessile, crenate. Heads oblong, ½ in. long, several +together in a terminal panicle; bracts imbricate, orbicular, ⅙ in. +diam.; cor. length of bract, 4-lobed; st. 4.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Sabbi River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn691-3" title="Lippia"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. adoensis</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect, shortly pubescent undershrub, 5-7 ft. high. +Leaves 2-4 or more-whorled, oblong, up to 5 in. long. Heads globose +forming a terminal panicle; bracts ovate; cor. 4-lobed, minute, +white; st. 4.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land); Bahr El Jebel +(Upper).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn691-4" title="Lippia"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. citriodora</span> <em>H.B.</em> & <em>K.</em> +LUWEIS—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Introduced (Makwar); Blue Nile Prov.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn692"><span class= +"sn">692</span><span class="taxon bold">Bouchea pterygocarpa</span> +<em>Schauer.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">White pubescent undershrub. Leaves opp., ovate, 1½ +in. long. Spikes 6-9 in. long, terminal; fl. in axil of a bract, +appressed to rachis; cor. scarlet, tube ½ in. long; limb patent, +lobes 5, st. 4, didynamous. Caps. winged at apex.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Blue Nile Prov. (near Jebel Saggadi); Kordofan +Prov. (Jebel Kuhn, Melbes).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn692-2" title="Bouchea"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. marrubiifolia</span> <em>Schauer.</em> DANABĀN or +ERG EL BUGR (N. Kordn.)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">White pubescent, branched herb, much like above. Cor. +white; capsule not winged.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia (between Suakin & Berber, Okurr, Wadi Abu +Kotod);<span class="pagenum" id="Page_351">[351]</span> Red Sea +Prov. (Suakin, Khor Tamanib); Kordofan Prov. (Abu Gerad, Wadi +Taiara, Um Marba & Um Dam).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn693"><span class= +"sn">693</span><span class="taxon bold">Stachytarpheta +angustifolia</span> <em>Vahl.</em> ABONGANDUR (Meshra El +Zeraf)—Arab; ADELFUR (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka; DELPA (Meshra El +Zeraf)—Shilluk.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bushy herb with 4-angled stems. Leaves opp., +oblong-lanceolate, 2-3 in. long, deeply crenate. Spikes very +slender, 6-9 in. long; rachis hollowed to receive appressed +flowers; bracts ⅓ in. long; calyx as long, 5-toothed and ribbed; +cor. lilac, ⅔ in. long; limb patent, 5-lobed; st. 2. Fr. +cylindrical, ¼ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf to Sobat +Mouth); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambe).</p> + +<p class="p3">The roots are used by Arabs as collyrium.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn694"><span class= +"sn">694</span><span class="taxon bold">Priva leptostachya</span> +<em>Juss.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Bushy hairy herb; stems 4-angled. Leaves opp., ovate, +1-3 in. long, crenate; spikes 6-12 in. long; fl. lax on a square +rachis; bracts small; calyx ¼ in. long enlarging in fruit; cor. ½ +in. long, white, limb ¼ in. diam., 2-lipped, white; st. 4, +didynamous. Fr. enclosed in enlarged calyx; nutlets 2.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia (between Suakin & Berber, Wadi El Omari); Red +Sea Prov. (Suakin, Jebel Waratab).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn695"><span class= +"sn">695</span><span class="taxon bold">Verbena supina</span> +<em>Linn.</em> MORREYA (Ehrenb.)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Densely pubescent annual. Leaves opp., bipinnatifid, +deltoid. Spikes dense; bracts and calyx minute; cor. lilac, tube ⅙ +in. long, limb patent, 5-lobed, 1/12 in. diam.; st. 4, didynamous. +Caps. minute.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); +Kordofan Prov. (Sodari); Darfur Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn695-2" title="Verbena"><span class= +"taxon bold">V. officinalis</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous perennial. Leaves rhomboid-ovate, deeply +pinnatifid. Spikes lax in a terminal panicle. Fl. as above; cor. +limb ⅙ in. diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">The leaves are considered a febrifuge and tonic and +are said to be used as a rubefacient in rheumatism and diseases of +the joints. The root is believed to be a remedy for scrofula and +snake-bite.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn696"><span class= +"sn">696</span><span class="taxon bold">Duranta Plumieri</span> +<em>Jacq.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Unarmed or spinous shrub. Leaves opp., oblong, +sometimes crenate. Racemes long, terminal; cor. lilac, ⅓ in. long; +lobes 5, spreading, ⅓ in. diam. St. 4, didynamous. Drupe yellow, +size of a pea, enclosed in enlarged calyx.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Atasilli River); +Mongalla Prov. (Lado: Yei River District).</p> + +<p class="p3">An excellent hedge plant.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn697"><span class= +"sn">697</span><span class="taxon bold">Premna resinosa</span> +<em>Schauer.</em> SAAT—Arab; TŪR (J. Eliri)—Nuba.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub with scented leaves. Leaves 2-4-nate, ovate or +oblong,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_352">[352]</span> ½-1½ in. +long, entire or crenate. Panicles small, terminal, corymbose; fl. +minute, whitish or greenish. Drupe black, size of a pea.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia (Wadi Omari); Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Sinkat, +Jebel Waratab & 21° N.L.); Kordofan Prov. (Melbes, Abu Haraza, Abu +Snun, Wadi Taiara & between Obeid Ogari & El Mareikib & Melbes); +White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol).</p> + +<p class="p3">Fruit eaten.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn698"><span class= +"sn">698</span><span class="taxon bold">Vitex tangensis</span> +<em>Gürke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub or small tree, clothed with yellowish hairs. +Leaves opp., digitately 3-fol.; leaflets 2-3 in. long, +oblong-lanceolate. Cymes corymbose, axillary; calyx campanulate, +5-toothed; cor. tube twice length of calyx, limb patent, white (?); +st. 4, exserted. Fr. globose, 1 in. diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (between Wau & Chakchak).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn698-2" title="Vitex"><span class= +"taxon bold">V. madiensis</span> <em>Oliv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tree. Leaves opp., simple or 3-5 fol., glabrous +above, hairy beneath; leaflets obovate-cuneate, crenate in upper +half, 5-6 in. cymes; calyx 5-toothed, minute; cor. ¼ in. long, limb +long; pet. 3-4 in. long. Fl. in axillary, corymbose, hairy patent. +Fr. edible, size of a small plum.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas & Kutshook +Ali’s Zariba, Dinka-land, Mittu-land: Mvolo, Niamniam-land); Bahr +El Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<p class="p3">Fruit edible.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn698-3" title="Vitex"><span class= +"taxon bold">V. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tree; extremities drab pubescent. Leaves simple or +3-fol.; leaflets obovate-cuneate, up to 6 in. long; main petiole +2-3 in. long. Cymes lax, axillary; bracts large, linear. Fl. much +as above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nuba Mts. Prov. (Talodi); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: +Jur Ghattas & Gir & Dinka-land: Lau).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn698-4" title="Vitex"><span class= +"taxon bold">V. Cienkowskii</span> <em>Kotschy</em> & +<em>Peyr.</em> ABDUGULGUL, UMDIGULGUL or GULGUL (Baggara), ZEITUN +(Bahr El Ghazal Prov.), or KURAIN—Arab; KLURUF (J. Daier), TIDOGI & +MADIMU (J. Eliri)—Nuba; KONINK (Bahr El Ghazal)—Dinka; ORO—Golo; +YALAH—Jur.</p> + +<p class="p2">Large tree. Leaves 5-fol., glabrous; leaflets +obovate-cuneate, up to 6 in. long, distinctly petioled; main pet. +2-3 in. long. Cymes dense, axillary, long peduncled; calyx +5-toothed, minute; cor. yellowish-brown, ab. ½ in. long, limb +obliquely patent. Fr. size of a cherry, edible.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Kordofan Prov.; Nuba Mts. +Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (mouth of Bahr El Ghazal); Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Dinka-land, between Wau & Chak Chak, & Tonj; Jur: Jur +Ghattas); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<p class="p3">Wood white, light. Fruit eaten and when roasted is +said to be a substitute for tea.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn699"><span class= +"sn">699</span><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_353">[353]</span><span class="taxon bold">Clerodendron +acerbianum</span> <em>Boiss.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Riverside shrub; bark grey and rough; extremities, +leaves and infl. grey-woolly. Leaves 2-4-nate, ovate, rounded or +slightly cordate at base, 2-3 in. long. Fl. in dense terminal and +axillary clusters; bracts linear, ¾ in. long; calyx ¾ in. long, +5-lobed; cor. white, tube 1 in. long, lobes 5, ovate, ⅙ in. long; +st. 4, exserted. Fr. somewhat like a black-berry, not edible.</p> + +<p class="p2">Berber Prov. (Mograd Island); Fung Prov. (Bunzaga & +Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (Jebelein to Sobat); Sobat River +(near Nasser).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn699-2" title="Clerodendron"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Gürke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Climbing shrub. Leaves opp., ovate-lanceolate, 6-8 +in. long, often serrate. Fl. in axillary long-peduncled heads; +calyx tube campanulate; cor. tube 1½ in. long, lobes 5; st. 4, much +exserted as well as style. Drupe black, ⅓ in. long. Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River); Mongalla Prov. (Yei +River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn699-3" title="Clerodendron"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. Formicarum</span> <em>Gürke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub. Leaves 2-4-nate, oblong, 2-3 in. long. Fl. in +subumbellate terminal panicles; cor. white, tube ¼ in. long, lobes +5, minute; st. 4, ¼ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn699-4" title="Clerodendron"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. harnierianum</span> <em>Schweinf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub; branchlets 4-angled. Leaves 2-3-nate, oblong +or oblong-lanceolate, 2 in. long, pubescent. Infl. a cymose +terminal panicle; calyx ⅓ in. long, 5-lobed; cor. purple, ab. 1 in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Roseires); White Nile Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn699-5" title="Clerodendron"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. cordifolium</span> <em>A. Rich.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Undershr. or shrub, erect or scandent. Leaves opp., +ovate-cordate, 3-4 in. long, pubescent beneath. Cymes lax, forming +an ample terminal panicle; calyx 5-toothed, ⅓ in. long; cor. white, +tube ⅔ in. long, lobes 5, ⅓ in. long; st. 4, 1 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Darfur Prov. (Kulme & J. Marra +6,000 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas & East of Limo’s +village); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn699-6" title="Clerodendron"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. capitatum</span> <em>Schumach.</em> & +<em>Thonn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small shrub; branchlets densely hairy. Leaves opp., +broadly ovate-dentate, pubescent beneath, 6-12 in. long. Fl. in +dense sessile terminal heads, 6-9 in. diam.; bracts red, +lanceolate, foliaceous; calyx ¾ in. long, pubescent, segments +ciliate; cor. white, tube slender, 3-4 in. long; lobes ½ in. Drupe +black in red accrescent calyx.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nuba Mts. Prov. (Kadugli).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn699-7" title="Clerodendron"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. myricoides</span> <em>R. Br.</em> HAMALMA—Rashida +(Red Sea Prov.).</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub, 3-5 ft. high. Leaves 2-4-nate, subsessile, +oblong, 2-6 in. long, toothed. Cymes lax; calyx small, 5-lobed; +cor.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_354">[354]</span> tubes short; +lobes, upper ½ in. long, white, lower ¾ in. long, pale blue; st. 4, +arcuate, ¾-1 in. long. Drupe black.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Karora); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: +Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Niamniam-land: +Gumango hills); Bahr El Jebel.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn699-8" title="Clerodendron"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. Neumayeri</span> <em>Vatke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub, 15-16 ft. high. Leaves opposite, oblong, +acute, entire or crenate at the middle, 1-1½ in. long, glabrous; +flowers in axillary cymes; corolla very short, the limb 1 in. +diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Has Has).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn699-9" title="Clerodendron"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. alatum</span> <em>Gürke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb with 4-angled and narrowly winged stems. Leaves +opp., sessile, up to 1 ft. long, oblanceolate, toothed in upper +third. Panicle thyrsoid, many-flowered, terminal, 1 ft. long; cor. +tube short, upper lobes whitish-lilac, lower violet with 2 white +blotches.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Tuhami’s +Zariba).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn699-10" title="Clerodendron"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. triflorum</span> <em>Vis.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub with bluntly 4-angled branches. Leaves +long-petioled, broadly-ovate, toothed at the middle. Cymes +axillary, drooping, 3-flowered; calyx 5-angled, lobes lanceolate; +cor. tube 3 times length of calyx, lobes elliptic.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn699-11" title="Clerodendron"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. near C. neriifolium</span> <em>Wall.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub, ab. 5 ft. high, branches 4-angled, sulcate. +Leaves ternate below, alt. above, lanceolate to ovate-elliptic, +larger ones sometimes obsoletely and coarsely serrate. Fl. axillary +in simple and compound cymes, forming terminal panicles; calyx ½ +in. long, accrescent and broadly campanulate in fruit, 5-toothed; +cor. white, tube 1 in. long, slender, lobes 5, 2 upper ½ in. long, +lower ⅓ in.; st. 4, 1 in long, didynamous, exserted; style 1½ in. +long, bifid; ovary 4-celled, ovules 4. Drupe black.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Sudd Region & Bor); Bahr El Jebel (on +termite hills).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn699-12" title="Clerodendron"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. ugandense</span> <em>Prain.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub, 3-10 ft. Leaves opposite, elliptic to narrowly +obovate, coarsely toothed, up to 4½ in. long and 2½ in. broad, +glabrous. Cymes lax, few-flowered. Flowers whitish and blue.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn700"><span class= +"sn">700</span><span class="taxon bold">Avicennia marina</span> +<em>Stapf.</em> SHORA—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub or small tree, white tomentose. Leaves opp., +oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 1½-3 in. long, coriaceous, tomentose +beneath. Spikes globose, terminal and axillary; bracts minute, +broadly ovate; calyx 5-partite; cor. tube short, funnel-shaped, +lobes 4-5, bright-yellow; st. 4. Fr. ovoid, 1 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° N.L., Littoral).</p> + +<p class="p3">Fruit bitter but edible. The bark is used for +tanning.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="labiat"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_355">[355]</span>LABIATÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn701"><span class= +"sn">701</span><span class="taxon bold">Ocimum basilicum</span> +<em>Linn.</em> RIHAN—Arab; ORHAN—Hadendowa; KWARNYĀL +(Dilling)—Nuba. Basil.</p> + +<p class="p2">Erect annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves opp., petioled, +ovate, 1-2 in. long. Fl. in whorled racemes, up to 9 in. long; +bracts ovate, length of a whorl; calyx ¼ in. long, 5-lobed, +uppermost lobe orbicular decurrent, lower deltoid, mucronate, 2 +lowest longest of all; cor. white, tinged purple, ½ in. long, tube +¼ in., limb 2-lipped, upper 4-lobed; st. 4, didynamous, 2 upper +toothed at base of filaments, anthers 1-celled; bifid style rising +from central base of 4 lobes of the ovary as in all this family as +also fr. of 4 nutlets.</p> + +<p class="p2">Dongola Prov.; Khartoum Prov. (J. Royan); Kassala +Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan & +Darfur Provinces.</p> + +<p class="p3">It yields a strong fibre. The plant is aromatic and +on distillation yields a volatile oil which, when kept, solidifies +into a crystalline camphor. The seeds infused in water make a +cooling drink; they are said to be demulcent, stimulant, diuretic & +diaphoretic.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn701-2" title="Ocimum"><span class= +"taxon bold">O. canum</span> <em>Sims.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Densely pubescent annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves ovate +or lanceolate, 1-2 in. long. Fl. in whorled racemes as in all this +genus, 3-6 in. long; bracts small, ovate, deciduous; calyx ⅙ in. +long, 2 lateral lobes minute, otherwise as above; cor. white, ⅙ in. +long; st. as above, much exserted.</p> + +<p class="p2">Cultivated. Also in Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: +Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé, +Jur; Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="p3">The leaves made into paste are used to cure +parasitical diseases of the skin.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn701-3" title="Ocimum"><span class= +"taxon bold">O. suave</span> <em>Willd.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Pubescent perennial. Leaves ovate, 3-4 in. long, +crenate, densely hairy beneath. Racemes dense, panicled, up to 9 +in. long; bracts ovate, deciduous; calyx ¼ in. long; cor. ab. ¼ in. +long, white, tinged purple.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: between Kero & +Ngama).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn701-4" title="Ocimum"><span class= +"taxon bold">O. menthæfolium</span> <em>Hochst.</em> +HADANIT—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial very like <i>O. canum</i>. Leaves oblong or +oblong-lanceolate, 1-1½ in. long. Calyx ⅛ in. and cor. ¼ in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Khor Tamanib); Kordofan Prov. +(J. Kurbaj & Obeid); Darfur Prov. (Kulme & 40 miles West of El +Fasher); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn701-5" title="Ocimum"><span class= +"taxon bold">O. citriodorum</span> <em>Vis.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Undershrub; stems pubescent. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, +crenate. Racemes lax, simple; bracts shortly petioled, ciliate; +calyx hairy, upper lobe orbicular, lateral ovate, lower lanceolate, +subulate; cor. blue-violet, longer than calyx, small; filaments of +upper st. with tuft of hairs at base.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Khartoum Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn701-6" title="Ocimum"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_356">[356]</span><span class="taxon bold">O. +Johnstonii</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall, bushy, fragrant herb. Leaves ovate, deeply +crenate, ab. 1½ in. long. Calyx ⅛ in. and cor. ¼ in. long; upper +filaments of st. with basal tufts of hairs.</p> + +<p class="p2">Khartoum, cultivated.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn701-7" title="Ocimum"><span class= +"taxon bold">O. dichotomum</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect branched annual. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, 1-1½ +in. long. Racemes long, lax; bracts small; calyx tube campanulate +in fruit, ⅙ in. long; cor. a little longer than calyx; st. +filaments unappendaged at base.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn702"><span class= +"sn">702</span><span class="taxon bold">Platystoma africanum</span> +<em>P. Beauv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves ovate, 1-2 in. +long, crenate, pubescent. Racemes fairly dense, 3-6 in. long, +whorls 10-flowered; pedicels deflexed in fruit; calyx lobes 2, +toothed; cor. pale lilac, minute, bilabiate, upper lip 4-toothed, +lower entire; st. 4, declinate, filaments dilated at base.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Gir & Jur).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn703"><span class= +"sn">703</span><span class="taxon bold">Acrocephalus +Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Briquet.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall herb with grey appressed hairs. Leaves linear, +1-2 in. long, narrowed at each end. Fl. in globose, corymbose +heads, ⅓ in. diam.; basal bracts ovate-lanceolate, tipped +blue-purple; calyx minute; cor. small, 2-lipped, upper lip 4-lobed; +st. 4, didynamous, exserted, filaments unappendaged.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Aweit & Agada).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn703-2" title="Acrocephalus"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. lilacinus</span> <em>Oliv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Hairy perennial, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves whorled, +lin.-lanceolate, 1-1½ in. long, denticulate. Heads in dense, +terminal corymbs; basal bracts ovate, yellowish, upper orbicular, +cuneate, cuspidate, greenish, ⅛ in. long; cor. pale-lilac, nearly ½ +in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Sabbi River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn703-3" title="Acrocephalus"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. Heudelotii</span> <em>Briquet.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Pubescent perennial, 1½-2 ft. high. Leaves whorled, +linear, 1½-2 in. long. Heads globose corymbose; basal bracts +linear, foliaceous, upper obovate-cuneate, pale, hairy, ⅛ in. long; +cor. twice as long as calyx, pale violet.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Agada near Jur Ghattas & +Jur Aweit).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn704"><span class= +"sn">704</span><span class="taxon bold">Moschosma +polystachyum</span> <em>Benth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Much-branched annual; stem 4-angled, 1-2 ft. high. +Leaves ovate, crenate, pubescent. Racemes 2-4 in. long, with 6-10 +flowered whorls; calyx ⅛ in. long, upper tooth orbicular, not +decurrent, lateral ovate, lower cuspidate; cor. pale lilac, +2-lipped, lobes short.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Saoleil, Blue Nile, Jongol’s Post, etc.); +White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol & Abba Island); Kordofan Prov. (moist +places); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé); Mongalla Prov. (Bor & 5° +10′ N.L.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn705"><span class= +"sn">705</span><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_357">[357]</span><span class="taxon bold">Orthosiphon +bartsioides</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Slender perennial. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, up to 2 +in. long, crenate, pubescent, sessile. Raceme long, lax; whorls +2-flowered; calyx deflexed in fruit, upper tooth orbicular +decurrent, 4 others cuspidate, ¼ in. long; cor. ab. ½ in. long; st. +4, not exserted.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Roa River, +Niamniam-land: River Mabode).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn705-2" title="Orthosiphon"><span class= +"taxon bold">O. pallidus</span> <em>Royle.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Branched perennial. Leaves short-petioled, small, +ovate, crenate, pubescent. Racemes terminal, whorls few-flowered; +calyx ¼ in. long, upper lobe orbicular and decurrent, lateral and +lower large-awned; cor. ½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit, Suakin).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn705-3" title="Orthosiphon"><span class= +"taxon bold">O. Schimperi</span> <em>Benth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Branched perennial. Leaves ovate, crenate, hairy, 1-3 +in. long, long petioled. Racemes whorled; calyx ¼ in. long, upper +lobe suborbicular, decurrent, lateral small-awned, lower longer +awned; cor. tube ⅓ in. long, limb 2-lipped, lobes small.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nganye); +Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn706"><span class= +"sn">706</span><span class="taxon bold">Becium (Ocimum) +Knyanum</span> <em>(Vatke) N.E. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect pubescent perennial. Leaves subsessile, linear +to oblong-lanceolate, 1-2 in. long, crenate. Racemes long, lax, +with a tuft of linear bracts; whorls 4-6 flowered; calyx ⅓ in. +long, upper lobe orbicular, decurrent, others large-awned; cor. ⅔ +in. long, 2-lipped, upper 4-lobed; st. 4, exserted, upper filaments +with basal tufts of hairs.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Gir & Jur +Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn706-2" title="Becium"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. obovatum</span> <em>N.E. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect herb, 1 ft. high from woody rhizome. Leaves +sessile, elliptic-obovate, 1½ in. long, ¾ in. broad, densely +gland-dotted, subentire. Spikes broadly triangular, 1½ in. long. +Bracts purplish. Calyx pubescent.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Biri River, between Chak Chak & +Deim Zubeir).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn706-3" title="Becium"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. (Ocimum) Schweinfurthii</span> <em>(Briquet) N.E. +Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall pubescent perennial. Leaves subsessile, oblong, +up to 6 in. long, cuneate at base, crenate, scabrous above. Raceme +short, dense, terminal; bracts large obovate, cuspidate; calyx ⅙ +in. long, upper tooth ovate, slightly decurrent, others +bristle-like; cor. ½ in. long; st. 4, upper filaments toothed at +base.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Gumango +River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn707"><span class= +"sn">707</span><span class="taxon bold">Hoslundia opposita</span> +<em>Vahl.</em> SASA DIM—Rashida.</p> + +<p class="p2">Much branched shrub. Leaves opp., oblong or +obl.-lanceolate, 3-4 in. long, dentate. Panicles terminal, lax; +bracts minute; calyx small, broadly 5-toothed, enlarged globose and +red in fruit; cor. lilac, ⅙ in. long, 2-lipped, st. 2 perfect and 2 +rudimentary.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_358">[358]</span>Red +Sea Prov. (Karora); Darfur Prov. (Kulme 3,600 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas & Nuer District); Bahr El Jebel.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn708"><span class= +"sn">708</span><span class="taxon bold">Plectranthus +stachyoides</span> <em>Oliv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial, 3-4 ft. high. Leaves opp., subsessile, +ovate or oblong, up to 3 in. long, pubescent, crenate. Infl. a +dense terminal racemose panicle, 6-8 in. long; whorls +many-flowered; bracts ovate, pubescent, ¼ in. long: calyx +5-toothed, upper lobe ovate, reflexed, others deltoid, awned, ¼ in. +long; cor. ½ in. long, lilac. St. 4, didynamous, free.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn708-2" title="Plectranthus"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. ovatifolius</span> <em>Oliv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect perennial. Leaves short-petioled, ovate, 1 in. +long, pubescent. Infl. a lax terminal racemose panicle; whorls +few-flowered; calyx ⅓ in. long, upper tooth ovate, mucronate, +reflexed, decurrent, lateral teeth small, awned, lower large, +awned; cor. ½ in. long, lilac.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn708-3" title="Plectranthus"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. bongensis</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous herb, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves oblong, 2-3 in. +long, crenate. Infl. lax, in a cymose panicle, 6-9 in. long; calyx +⅛ in. long, upper ovate, reflexed, lateral oblong, lower awned; +cor. ⅓ in. long, lilac.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Gir in Bongo-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn708-4" title="Plectranthus"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. cylindraceus</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall sappy herb, pubescent all over. Leaves oblong, +crenate. Fl. in dense cylindrical racemes, 3-5 in. long, 1-3 to a +stem; calyx minute, teeth subequal; cor. ⅛ in. long, white.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn709"><span class= +"sn">709</span><span class="taxon bold">Coleus barbatus</span> +<em>Benth.</em> KĀHAB, & KALIAH—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Woody perennial, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves petioled, ovate +or oblong, 1-4 in. long, crenate, hairy. Panicle racemose, ½-1 ft. +long; whorls many-flowered; fruit-calyx ⅙ in. long, upper tooth +suborbicular, 4 others acute; cor. bright blue, ½ in. long, tube +deflexed in middle, limb 2-lipped, lower as long as tube; filaments +of 4 st. united at the base in a tube as in all this genus.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & Suakin).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn709-2" title="Coleus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. cf. C. igniarius</span> <em>Schwfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small woody shrub. Fl. appear before the leaves; cor. +purple, scented.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Khor Ashat).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn709-3" title="Coleus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. latifolius</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb with tuberous root, 1 ft. high. Leaves ovate, +1-3 in. long, crenate, pubescent. Racemes dense, 4-6 in. long; fr. +calyx ⅙ in. long, upper tooth ovate, lateral shorter, orbicular, 2 +lower acute, connate to near tip; cor. ⅓ in. long, lilac.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn709-4" title="Coleus"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_359">[359]</span><span class="taxon bold">C. +Penzigii</span> <em>Dammann.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">White-hairy perennial. Leaves ovate, up to 4 in. +long, crenate; petiole winged. Racemes panicled, whorls 8-flowered; +calyx ⅙ in. long, 2 lateral teeth smaller; cor. tube ⅓ in. long, +lower lip lilac, ¼ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn709-5" title="Coleus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. Briquetii</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall herb. Leaves petioled, oblong-lanceolate, 2-3 +in. long, acuminate, serrate. Racemes long, dense; whorls +many-flowered; calyx minute in fl., enlarged in fruit, upper tooth +ovate, decurrent, 2 lateral orbicular, 2 lowest acuminate, connate +half-way up; cor. ⅓ longer.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn710"><span class= +"sn">710</span><span class="taxon bold">Englerastrum +Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Briquet.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect hairy annual. Leaves ovate, 1 in. long, +crenate. Racemes axillary, whorls 1-2 flowered; calyx ½ in. long, +glandular-pubescent, teeth 5, ovate, subequal; cor. tube 1½ in., +lower lip ab. 1 in., concave, upper small with 3 rounded lobes. St. +4, filaments united in lower half, exserted.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Addai).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn711"><span class= +"sn">711</span><span class="taxon bold">Æolanthus ambustus</span> +<em>Oliv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Slender herb, 1 ft. high. Leaves sessile, ascending, +linear, 1-1½ in. long. Spikes slender, erect; bracts ⅙ in., partly +hiding the flowers; calyx minute, 2-lobed; cor. lilac, ⅓ in. long, +2-lipped; st. 4, free.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn711-2" title="Aeolanthus"><span class= +"taxon bold">Æ. virgatus</span> <em>Gürke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Much branched annual, 1½ ft. high. Leaves as above, +up to 2 in. long. Bracts ¼ in. long, otherwise as above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Gurfala).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn711-3" title="Aeolanthus"><span class= +"taxon bold">Æ. heliotropioides</span> <em>Oliv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, up to 2 ft. high. Leaves sessile, oblong or +lin.-oblong, up to 2 in. long. Spikes panicled, upper ones +one-sided, 1-2 in. long; bracts very small; calyx minute, truncate, +pubescent; cor. lilac, ¼ in. long, lower lip orbicular, concave ab. +same size as upper. St. exserted.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn712"><span class= +"sn">712</span><span class="taxon bold">Pycnostachys +Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Briquet.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect branched perennial, 2 ft. high. Leaves linear, +up to 4 in. long, sessile or subsessile, serrate. Spikes dense, +1½-2 in. long; fr. calyx ⅓ in. long, teeth 5, subulate; cor. pale +blue, tube deflexed, upper lip 4-toothed, lower concave, ¼ in. +long; st. 4, free.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Dukuttu).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn712-2" title="Pycnostachys"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. Petherickii</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial, stems 4-angled. Leaves sessile, +oblong-lanceolate, upper half crenate, gland-dotted beneath. Spike +dense, up to 4 in. long. Calyx tube short, teeth ¼ in. long, +subulate; cor. blue, pubescent on outside.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn712-3" title="Pycnostachys"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_360">[360]</span><span class="taxon bold">P. +niamniamensis</span> <em>Gürke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect pubescent herb. Leaves sessile, +oblong-lanceolate, 2-3 in. long, serrate with scattered red glands. +Spikes oblong; bracts linear, ⅓ in. long; calyx ½ in. long, tube +short, teeth subulate.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land: River Hoo).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn713"><span class= +"sn">713</span><span class="taxon bold">Hyptis brevipes</span> +<em>Poir.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Pubescent herb, 3-4 ft. high. Leaves subsessile, +oblong-rhomboid, crenate, upper ones lanceolate. Fl. axillary, +peduncled, in dense globose heads, ½ in. diam.; outer bracts +lanceolate, as long as flowers; calyx ⅛ in. long, teeth 5, +subulate; cor. ⅛ in. long, lower lip deflexed, concave; st. 4, +free.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Lado: Yei River); Bahr El Jebel +(Madi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn713-2" title="Hyptis"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. spicigera</span> <em>Lam.</em> KINDI—Bongo.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tall pubescent annual, often found in stubble. Leaves +petioled, oblong, crenate. Panicles dense racemose oblong, end +racemes 2-4 in. long, whorls many-flowered; fr. calyx 1/5 in. long, +teeth short; cor. whitish, ¼ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: +Gir cultivated).</p> + +<p class="p3">The seeds are brayed to a pulp by the Zandes and used +as an adjunct to stews and gravies. They are also roasted and eaten +or an edible oil extracted from them. This oil, although not +suitable for soap and candle making, might be useful for fatty +varnishes in painting.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn713-3" title="Hyptis"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. pectinata</span> <em>Poir.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, 4-6 ft. high. Leaves small, ovate, crenate, +pubescent. Panicles racemose; fr. calyx ⅙ in. long, villous inside, +teeth small, setaceous; cor. size of calyx.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn714"><span class= +"sn">714</span><span class="taxon bold">Lavandula pubescens</span> +<em>Decne.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Hairy, scented perennial; stems 4-angled. Leaves +broad, bipinnatifid, segments linear. Panicles spicate, whorls +2-flowered; bracts ovate, ⅛ in. long; calyx 13-nerved, as long as +bracts, teeth small; cor. blue, small; st. 4, free.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn714-2" title="Lavandula"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. coronopifolia</span> <em>Poir.</em> +SADDĀM—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fragrant perennial, up to 18 in. high. Leaves +sessile, narrowly linear with revolute edges, simple or +pinnatipartite. Panicles spicate, 2-3 in. long; bracts +ovate-lanceolate; calyx ⅙ in. long, pubescent, 13-nerved, teeth +short; cor. blue, ⅓ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Khor Tamanib, Suakin, Erkowit & 21° +N.L.); Darfur Prov. (J. Meidob 3,500 ft. & J. Marra 8,200 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn715"><span class= +"sn">715</span><span class="taxon bold">Mentha sylvestris</span> +<em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Strongly scented, densely pubescent herb. Leaves +sessile,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_361">[361]</span> +lanceolate, serrate. Fl. in terminal whorled, racemose panicles 2-3 +in. long; calyx minute, 10-ribbed, 5-toothed, teeth lanceolate; +cor. ⅙ in. long, lobes 4, uppermost broad and emarginate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (Zalingei & J. Marra: Niurnya 6,500 +ft.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn716"><span class= +"sn">716</span><span class="taxon bold">Micromeria biflora</span> +<em>Benth.</em> HADEMBUI—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bushy pubescent perennial with a weak smell of thyme, +½-1 ft. high. Leaves ovate or oblong, ab. ⅓ in. long, rigid. Cymes +2-6 flowered, subsessile, axillary; calyx ab. ⅙ in. long, 13-15 +ribbed, teeth 5, small; cor. shortly exserted, dilated at throat, +2-lipped; st. 4.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & 21° N.L.); Darfur Prov. (J. +Marra 8-9,500 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn716-2" title="Micromeria"><span class= +"taxon bold">M. abyssinica</span> <em>Benth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Bushy pubescent herb, 1-2 ft. high, scented like +thyme. Leaves ovate, crenate, 1-1½ in. long. Spikes whorled, whorls +many-flowered, the lowest subtended by large leaves; calyx ¼ in. +long, 13-15 ribbed, teeth small; cor. tube ¼ in. long, limb +2-lipped, lower lip 3-lobed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn717"><span class= +"sn">717</span><span class="taxon bold">Salvia nudicaulis</span> +<em>Vahl.</em> <span class="taxon bold">var. nubica</span> +<em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial with rosette-like radical leaves; +stem-leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 1½-2 in. long, crenulate, +densely pubescent beneath. Panicles laxly racemed, whorls of ab. 6 +flowers; calyx hairy, ¼ in. long, 2-lipped, lower bifid; cor. ½ in. +long, upper lip arched, lower deflexed; st. 2, with 1 perfect +anther cell; rudimentary st. 2.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn717-2" title="Salvia"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. ægyptiaca</span> <em>Linn.</em> RA’AL—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Small heather-like undershr. Stems with setose +reflexed hairs. Leaves deeply crisped-undulate, strongly +reticulate. Calyx lobes very acute. Corolla ⅓ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit, Has Has & 21° N.L.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn718"><span class= +"sn">718</span><span class="taxon bold">Nepeta biloba</span> +<em>Hochst.</em> NABBALAM—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, 2-3 ft. high, pubescent. Leaves ovate, 2 in. +long, crenate, the upper sessile. Racemes long, lower whorls +distant, subtended by large leaves; bracts many, linear, ¼ in. +long; calyx ¼ in., teeth 5, ribs 15; cor. under ½ in., violet-blue, +lower lip 3-lobed, central one largest; st. 4.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & Has Has).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn718-2" title="Nepeta"><span class= +"taxon bold">N. ballotæfolia</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Pubescent herb. Leaves ovate, 1-1½ in. long, crenate, +sessile. Racemes as above; bracts linear, large; calyx ¼ in.; cor. +tube longer than calyx, lower lip ⅛ in. long, 3-lobed, central lobe +largest.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (J. Marra 9,200-9,500 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn719"><span class= +"sn">719</span><span class="taxon bold">Scutellaria +Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Briquet.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial, 1 ft. high. Leaves lanceolate, subsessile, +slightly hairy. Racemes long, lax, whorls 2-flowered; fr. calyx ¼ +in.,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_362">[362]</span> upper lip +orbicular, reflexed, lower shorter; cor. ⅓ in., lips ⅙ in. long, +lower deflexed. St. 4, upper pair 2-celled, lower 1-celled.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, Kutshuk Ali’s Zariba, & +Mittu at Ngame).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn720"><span class= +"sn">720</span><span class="taxon bold">Otostegia tomentosa</span> +<em>A. Rich</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Pubescent shrub. Leaves subsessile, very small, +thick, oblong, crenate, white-tomentose beneath. Fl. axillary, +whorled, sessile, bracteate; calyx-tube funnel-shaped, 10-ribbed, ⅓ +in. long, lower lip orbicular, upper small crenate; st. 4.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn720-2" title="Otostegia"><span class= +"taxon bold">O. repanda</span> <em>Benth.</em> BALUD & +BASADEM—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Pubescent shrub. Leaves petioled, ovate, 1-2 in. +long, crenate. Fl. axillary, whorled; bracts subulate; calyx ⅓ in. +long, upper lip small, ovate, lower orbicular, crenate, ⅓ in. +broad; cor. white, longer than calyx.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21-22° N. Lat., Has Has & Erkowit); +Darfur Prov. (Zalingei & J. Marra: Niurnya 6,500 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn720-3" title="Otostegia"><span class= +"taxon bold">O. scariosa</span> <em>Benth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Pubescent shrub; branches 4-angled. Leaves petioled, +broadly ovate, up to 1 in. long, crenate. Fl. axillary, in distant +whorls, bracts many subulate; flower as above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn721"><span class= +"sn">721</span><span class="taxon bold">Leucas nubica</span> +<em>Benth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Pubescent herb. Leaves ovate, up to 2 in. long, +crenate. Whorls many, distant, many-flowered; bracts large, linear, +ciliate; calyx tube ⅙ in. long, ribs and teeth 8-10, teeth +linear-subulate; cor. tube ⅙ in. long, lips 2, small, lower +3-lobed; st. 4.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (Katul +Gombara).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn721-2" title="Leucas"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. inflata</span> <em>Benth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Densely white-hairy, branched perennial. Leaves +subsessile, suborbicular, crenate at tip, ½-1 in. long. Whorls +numerous, 6-10 flowered, the upper approximate with reduced leaves; +bracts minute; calyx campanulate, inflated ⅙ in. long, villous, +teeth deltoid; cor. ⅓ in. long, upper lip villous at tip.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat. J. Waratab, Khor Tamanib & +Sinkat).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn721-3" title="Leucas"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. martinicensis</span> <em>R. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Branched annual, 2-3 ft. high; branches pubescent. +Leaves thin, oblong, crenate, hairy up to 3 in. long. Whorls dense, +distant, bracts large, subulate; calyx ⅙-¼ in. long, hairy, throat +oblique, teeth unequal, subulate; cor. small, deciduous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Khor Tamanib & Has Has); Kassala Prov. +(Gallabat, Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. +(Obeid); Darfur Prov. (Zalingei & J. Marra: Niurnya 6,500 ft.); +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn721-4" title="Leucas"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_363">[363]</span><span class="taxon bold">L. +neuflizeana</span> <em>Courb.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Densely hairy herb, 6-12 in. high. Leaves sessile, +oblong-lanceolate, up to 2 in. long, crenate, whorls 8-12 flowered, +lower ones distant, upper close together; calyx ¼ in. long, throat +oblique, ribs and teeth 8-10; cor. lip small.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn721-5" title="Leucas"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Gürke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">White-hairy herb. Leaves sessile, oblong, ab. 1 in. +long, loosely dentate in upper half. Whorls few-flowered, many, +distant; calyx ⅓ in. long; throat oblique, teeth 8-10, minute.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: on Baginse +hills).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn721-6" title="Leucas"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. urticæfolia</span> <em>Benth.</em> UM +GALŌT—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Hairy annual, 6-24 in. high. Leaves ovate, 1-2 in. +long, crenate. Whorls distant, globose, many-flowered, ¾ in. diam.; +bracts large, linear, ciliate; fr. calyx ⅓ in. long, oblique, teeth +8-10; cor. tube naked, lips small.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° N.L.); Central Sudan +(Gezira).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn722"><span class= +"sn">722</span><span class="taxon bold">Leonitis pallida</span> +<em>Benth.</em> KUSHU-KUSHU, FAKI BALADAWAYA (Meshra El Zeraf), +ABUTIFA & UMDAREIWA (Baggara)—Arab; KOPTUNINDEIR (Dilling) & +KANDINUWINDI (J. Ghulfan)—Nuba.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tall, hairy herb. Leaves ovate, up to 4 in. long, +crenate. Fl. in globose heads, 2-2½ in. diam., spaced along the +stem; bracts lanceolate, spine-tipped; calyx tube ⅓ in. long, 8-10 +ribbed and toothed, teeth spine-tipped, uppermost largest; cor. +pale-yellow; st. 4.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia (between Korosko & Berber); Kassala Prov. +(Gallabat, Mattama); Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. +(Dilling & J. Ghulfan); Darfur Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. +(Meshra El Zeraf); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Dukuttu).</p> + +<p class="p3">The ashes are said to be used for tumours on the +head.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn722-2" title="Leonitis"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. nepetæfolia</span> <em>R. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Pubescent herb, 4-5 ft. high. Leaves ovate, up to 4 +in. long, crenate. Fl. arranged as above; bracts large, linear, +stiff; calyx ¼ in. long, larger in fruit, upper tooth largest, +mucronate; cor. deep yellow, tube ½ in. and upper lip ½ in. long, +the lower 3-lobed, deflexed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn722-3" title="Leonitis"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. velutina</span> <em>Fenzl.</em> +KUSHU-KUSHU—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tall, finely hairy perennial. Leaves ovate, crenate, +very hairy beneath. Heads (whorls) very dense, 3 in. diam.; bracts +small, linear; calyx hairy, teeth deltoid, upper largest; cor. +bright yellow, 1 in. long, upper lip up to ½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Roseires); Æthiopia; Kordofan Prov. +(Obeid).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn723"><span class= +"sn">723</span><span class="taxon bold">Tinnea æthiopica</span> +<em>Kotschy</em> & <em>Peyr.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub, 3-5 ft. high. Leaves subsessile, oblong, up to +2 in. long. Whorls laxly disposed, 2-flowered; bracts oblong, +green, as long as the flowers; calyx ⅓ in. enlarging to 1 +in.,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_364">[364]</span> +bladder-shaped; cor. maroon, 2-lipped, upper short, orbicular, +lower deflexed, 3-lobed, ⅙ in. long; st. 4; seeds winged.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, Bongo: Mvolo, Dar Fertit +below Pongo River & Biselli, Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn724"><span class= +"sn">724</span><span class="taxon bold">Teucrium +nummularifolium</span> <em>Baker.</em> EIGAB—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Woolly herb with obovate coarsely crenate leaves +about ⅓ in. long. Calyx woolly pilose, the lobes more or less +subulate. Corolla purple.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn725"><span class= +"sn">725</span><span class="taxon bold">Ajuga bracteosa</span> +<em>Wall.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Hairy perennial. Leaves oblanceolate, coarsely +dentate, sessile. Whorls axillary 2- or many-flowered; calyx ⅙ in. +long, 10-ribbed, teeth 5, equal; cor. blue, ⅓ in. long, upper lip +short, lower longer, 3-lobed, deflexed; st. 4, slightly +exserted.</p> + +<p class="p2">Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf).</p> + +<h2 class="bold xlarge"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_365">[365]</span><a id="mono"></a>MONOCOTYLEDONS</h2> + +<h4 class="family" id="alismatace">ALISMATACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn726"><span class= +"sn">726</span><span class="taxon bold">Alisma Plantago</span> +<em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial marsh herb. Leaves radical, long petioled, +lanceolate, ovate or cordate, 3-7 nerved, 2-8 in. long. Fl. in +verticillate panicles; scapes solitary or many, 1-2 ft. high; fl. +ab. 8 to each verticil. Sep. 3, persistent; pet. 3, white; sta. 6; +carpels 15-20, compressed, forming a ring round the axis of the +fl., verrucose; style aristate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (Rahad).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn727"><span class= +"sn">727</span><span class="taxon bold">Caldenia reniformis</span> +<em>Makino.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Marsh herb. Leaves broadly ovate, cordate, 1-4 in. +long, 7-15 nerved, marked with pellucid lines; pet. up to 20 in. +long. Scape 20-40 in. high, panicled above; fl. 3 in each verticil. +Sep. broad ovate, after flowering erect and sheathing the fruit; +pet. white; carpels 9-12 scarcely compressed, smooth; style +aristate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn728"><span class= +"sn">728</span><span class="taxon bold">Limnophyton +obtusifolium</span> <em>Miq.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial marsh herb. Leaves radical; pet. long; +blade sagittate; sinus broad; terminal lobe 2-7 in. long, nerves +7-11, radiating from apex of pet. and somewhat converging. Scapes 1 +or more; fl. in verticils arranged in a panicle, 4-15 to a whorl, +upper male, the lower hermaphrodite mixed with a few male. Sep. 3, +reflexed after flowering; pet. 3, white; sta. 6, those of the male +fl. larger; carpels 15-20 in 2-4 whorls; achenes obovoid in a +globose head.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile Prov. (Sennar); White Nile Prov. (Goz Abu +Guma & J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (Birkat Rahad); Darfur Prov. +(Zalingei 3,100 ft.); Mongalla Prov. (Abu Kuka to Gondokoro).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn729"><span class= +"sn">729</span><span class="taxon bold">Lophotocarpus +guyanensis</span> <em>Durand</em> & <em>Schinz.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Marsh herb. Leaves with milky juice, radical, +floating, ovate-cordate, 2 in. long; pet. varying in length with +depth of water. Scape bearing few-flowered whorls near the apex, +lower hermaphr., upper hermaphr. and male. Sep. 3, distinct, +sheathing in fr.; pet. 3, cuneate, fugacious; sta. 6-10 in male +fl., 9-12 in others, anthers elongate, sagittate; carpels numerous; +achenes compressed laterally, dense on a convex receptacle.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (Taiara).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn730"><span class= +"sn">730</span><span class="taxon bold">Echinodorus humilis</span> +<em>Buchen.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small marsh herb with a tuft of brown roots. Leaves +radical; pet. slender, usually 1-1½ in. long; blade ovate +or<span class="pagenum" id="Page_366">[366]</span> ovate-lanc., ab. +1 in. long, acute at both ends. Scapes shorter than leaves, +1-flowered. Sep. 3, persistent; pet. 3, white; sta. 6-9; achenes +much compressed, many in a subglobose or ovoid head.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov. (banks of the River: Tawila, Kosti +(Khors), Abba Island & near J. Nyemati).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn731"><span class= +"sn">731</span><span class="taxon bold">Burnatia enneandra</span> +<em>Micheli.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Marsh herb. Leaves radical; pet. 5-16 in. long; blade +lin. to lanc., 5-8 in. long. Scape longer than leaves; infl. +diœcious; panicles verticillately branched; male pan. 12-16 in. +long, fem. 8-10. Male fl.: sep. 3; pet. 3, small: sta. 9; +rudimentary carpels 12. Fem. fl.: sep. 3; pet. 0; sta. 0, or 1-2 +imperfect; carpels ab. 12 crowded on small receptacle, +compressed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post), White Nile Prov. (J. +Arashkol); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn732"><span class= +"sn">732</span><span class="taxon bold">Wisneria +Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Hook. f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Marsh herb. Leaves radical; pet. sheathing at base, 9 +in. long; blade oblong or oblanc., up to 6 in. long. Scape as long +as leaves, bracts united into truncate membranous campanulate +sheaths; male fl. in upper part of scape, fem. below. Male fl.: +sep. 3; sta. 3; fem. fl.: sep. 3; carpels 3-6 ovoid. Pet. 0.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Gir; Jur: Jur +Ghattas).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="butomace">BUTOMACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn733"><span class= +"sn">733</span><span class="taxon bold">Butomopsis +lanceolata</span> <em>Kunth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Marsh herb with milky juice. Leaves radical; pet. up +to 10 in.; blade ovate, tapering into pet., up to 4 in. long. Scape +longer than leaves, in umbellate ab. 6-flowered cyme; pedicels up +to 4 in. long in fruit. Fl. hermaphr.; sep. 3; pet. 3, white, +fugacious; sta. 9 or fewer; carpels usually six, follicled in +fr.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol & Um Kinein).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="aponogetonace">APONOGETONACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn734"><span class= +"sn">734</span><span class="taxon bold">Aponogeton +subconjugatus</span> <em>Schumacher</em> & <em>Thonn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Submerged water plant. Leaves long-stalked, +elongate-oblong, often speckled brown, blade 5-12 in. long. Scape +bearing a bifid spike which is ab. 1½ in. long; young flowers +enclosed in a glove-finger-like sheath, separating from the base. +Fl. hermaphr.; sep. 1-3; sta. 6; carpels 3-5, usually 4.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Bor).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn734-2" title="Aponogeton"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. vallisnerioides</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Submerged plant, densely tufted. Leaves sessile, +strap-shaped, 3-4 in. long. Spikes simple, dense flowered, sheathed +as above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Kutshuk Ali’s Zariba & Jur +Ghattas; Bongo: Gir & Dumuku).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="potamogetonace"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_367">[367]</span>POTAMOGETONACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn735"><span class= +"sn">735</span><span class="taxon bold">Potamogeton +Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Arth. Bennett.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Submerged plant; stems ab. 2 ft. long, branched. +Lower leaves lin.-lanc., acute, 3-4 in. long, 5-nerved; middle +leaves lanc., 11-nerved, ab. 3 in. long; upper leaves floating, +lanceolate to lanc.-ovate, 10-13 nerved, 2-3 in. long; pet. 2-3½ +in. long; stip. 1-2 in. long. Ped. axillary, 4-6 in. long, base +enclosed in a membranous spathe; spike 1-2 in. long, dense. Per. +segm. 4, green; anthers 4, sessile; carpels 4, 1-celled; fr. +sharply 3-keeled.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (main river: Nuer villages, +mouth of Bahr El Arab).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn735-2" title="Potamogeton"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. javanicus</span> <em>Hassk.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Submerged plant; stems slender, branched. Submerged +leaves narrow-lin., 2-3 in. long; floating leaves lanceolate, ½ in. +or more, long petioled; lower stip. connate, upper free. Ped. +axillary; spikes ¼-¾ in. long. Fr. 2-keeled.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov. (Jebelein, Goz Abu Gum’a); Bahr El +Jebel (Sudd); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mouth of Bahr El Arab; +Niamniam-land: River Rei, Gumango Hill).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn735-3" title="Potamogeton"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. crispus</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stem compressed, slender, branched. Leaves all one +shape, semi-amplexicaul, obl. or obl.-strap-shaped, undulate, +serrulate; stip. small. Ped. in forks of the stem, stoutish; spike +large lax-flowered. Fr. obliquely ovoid with long curved beak.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Khartoum Prov. (in White Nile); Blue Nile +Prov. (Sennar); Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn735-4" title="Potamogeton"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. pusillus</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stem slender, branched. Leaves all similar, +semi-amplexicaul, narrow-lin., acumin. or acute; stip. small, +acute. Ped. slender; spike few-flowered, ¼-½ in. long. Fr. +semi-oval or obovoid, bluntly 3-keeled.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: below Niurnya 5,500 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn735-5" title="Potamogeton"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. lucens</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stem stout, branched. Leaves all submerged, the lower +lin.-lanc. to lanc., the lowest sessile, petioled above, the pet. +gradually lengthening to ab. 1 in.; upper leaves lanc. to ovate; +stip. long, beaked or winged. Ped. 2-9 in. long, stout; spikes ab. +2 in. long, dense. Fr. slightly acumin., slightly convex on ventral +and semicircular on dorsal margin.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Jebel (2° N.L.).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="naiadace">NAIADACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn736"><span class= +"sn">736</span><span class="taxon bold">Naias graminea</span> +<em>Del.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Submerged plant; stems up to 2 ft. long, slender, +rooting at lower nodes. Leaves sometimes in clusters at the nodes, +linear, closely serrate and with an auricled serrate +sheath.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_368">[368]</span> Infl. +monœcious, axillary, male and fem. side by side or fem. only, all +without spathes. Male fl. solitary; per. ending above anther in +ear-like lobes; anther 1, subsessile; fem. fl. 1-4, consisting of a +single ovary, sessile, with 2 stigmas. Fr. lin.-obl.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov. (Um Kinein near J. Arashkol); Bahr +El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Kutshuk Ali’s Zariba).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn736-2" title="Naias"><span class= +"taxon bold">N. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Magnus.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small water plant with spreading branches. Leaves +thin, slender, with ab. 12 marginal teeth, ending in a brown spine; +sheaths with short, obtuse auricles. Infl. monœcious; male spathe +oblong; anther 1-celled. Fem. spathe oval-oblong, produced into a +neck round the long style.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn736-3" title="Naias"><span class= +"taxon bold">N. horrida</span> <em>A. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Water plant; stems long, short branched; inter-nodes +short. Leaves falcate with spinulose teeth; sheaths rounded, +toothed; male flower only with spathe; anther 4-celled.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); White Nile Prov. (Goz Abu +Gum’a); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (mouth of Jur River, etc.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn737"><span class= +"sn">737</span><span class="taxon bold">Cymodocea rotundata</span> +<em>Aschers.</em> & <em>Schweinfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Submerged marine plant; rhizome thick, creeping; +branches short, terminated by narrow-linear leaves with stipular +sheaths, denticulate upwards, 9-13 nerved. Infl. monœcious, +axillary. Male fl. long peduncled, longer than leaves; per. 0; +anthers 2, connate, stipitate. Fem. fl. carpels 2, subovoid, +strongly keeled, acute, dentate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Suakin & Dongonab).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn737-2" title="Cymodocea"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. serrulata</span> <em>Aschers.</em> & +<em>Magnus.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves almost straight, 4-6 in. long and up to ⅓ in. +broad; tip entire or denticulate; nerves ab. 7 pairs; sheaths as +broad as the blade.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Suakin & Dongonab).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn737-3" title="Cymodocea"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. ciliata</span> <em>Ehrenb.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stem 3-12 in. long, woody, branched, marked with +annular scars. Leaves lin.-falcate, 3-6 in. long, ½-⅔ in. broad, +tip rounded, ciliate-serrulate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Abu Hamir near Dongonab).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn737-4" title="Cymodocea"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. isoëtifolia</span> <em>Aschers.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stem short, filiform. Leaves terete, grooved, 3-5 in. +long, slender; tip. 3-toothed. Fl. in dichotomous cymes.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Suakin northwards).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn737-5" title="Cymodocea"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. sp.</span> +</p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves broad-linear; stipular sheaths transparent, +chartaceous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Dongonab).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="typhace">TYPHACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn738"><span class= +"sn">738</span><span class="taxon bold">Typha angustata</span> +<em>Bory</em> & <em>Chaub.</em> BURDI & DIS—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_369">[369]</span>Marsh +or aquatic herb. Leaves alt., strap-shaped, ⅙-½ in. broad. +Flowering stem erect, terminated by a dense, felt-like cylindrical +spike, interrupted at or below the middle by a naked space, ¼-1 in. +long, the upper spike being male and the lower female. Male fl.: +sta. 3; filam. connate; fem. fl. mingled with bracteoles, clavate +or spathulate much longer than surrounding hairs.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Blue Nile, White Nile & Kordofan +Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn738-2" title="Typha"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. angustifolia</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Marsh herb, 5-6 ft. high. Leaves linear, ⅓-⅓ in. +broad. Male portion of spike longer than and ¼-1½ in. distant from +fem. portion of spike. Male fl. with forked, acute, or entire +spathulate bracteoles. Fem. fl. with orbicular-spathulate, obovate +or obcordate bracteoles about as long as the surrounding hairs.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (24 miles West of Suakin).</p> + +<p class="p3">The fibrous leaves are used for matting, ropes, +baskets and also for paper-making.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn738-3" title="Typha"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. australis</span> <em>Schum.</em> & +<em>Thonn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves linear or strap-shaped, ¼-½ in. broad. Male +and fem. portions of spike subequal, contiguous to 1 in. distant. +Male bracteoles variously shaped, entire or 2-3 forked. Fem. +bracteoles as long as, or slightly longer than hairs and +lanceolate-spathulate, sometimes fusiform-clavate, acute or +acuminate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Bahr El Jebel (Sudd).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="arace">ARACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn739"><span class= +"sn">739</span><span class="taxon bold">Pistia Stratiotes</span> +<em>Linn.</em> EL TŪBBUR (Kordn.)—Arab; KOF—Nuer; +PANGBADUPER—Zande. The Water-Lettuce.</p> + +<p class="p2">Gregarious, floating, stemless, monœcious herb, with +tufted root-fibres. Leaves sessile in a rosette forming a cup; +nerves radiating from base. Spathe small with spadix adnate to back +of its short tube. Male infl. a whorl of 2-8 connate anthers near +top of spadix. Fem. fl. of a single ovary, apparently arising from +back of the spathe.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli & Jongol’s Post); White Nile & +affluents.</p> + +<p class="p3">A decoction or infusion of this plant is considered +as cooling and demulcent. The leaves are made into poultices for +piles. The root is laxative and emollient. The ashes are applied to +ring-worm of the scalp. The plant is eaten in time of famine.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn740"><span class= +"sn">740</span><span class="taxon bold">Sauromatum nubicum</span> +<em>Schott.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb with depressed globose rootstock; flowers and +leaf not appearing together. Leaf solitary, pedatisect: pet. 12-18 +in. long, glabrous; segments of blade 7, broadly lanc., acumin., +middle segm. longest, ab. 9 in.; veins subparallel uniting into an +intramarginal vein. Ped. 2-6 in. long; spathe tube ab.<span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_370">[370]</span> 2 in. long, blackish-purple +within, limb 8-10 in. long, spotted; spadix 8-9 in. long, male and +fem. spikes ab. 1½ in. apart; neuter organs placed just above fem. +spike; terminal appendix of spadix 7-8 in. long, purple-brown.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn741"><span class= +"sn">741</span><span class="taxon bold">Stylochiton near S. +gabonicus</span> <em>N.E. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb with 1 oval, cordate leaf; flowers not seen.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Maleik).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn741-2" title="Stylochiton"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. lancifolius</span> <em>Kotschy</em> & +<em>Peyr.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb; leaves appearing before the flowers, +elliptic-oblong or lanc., 3-4 in. long, rounded at base; pet. 2½-4 +in. long, appearing out of the ground. Ped. ½-¾ in. long; spathe +ab. 2 in. long, tube underground; spadix 1½ in. long. Fem. fl. 5 in +a single ring, furnished with an urceolate minute per.; male fl. +distant on spadix from fem. fl.; appendix 0.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: River Dimbo, Abu Gurun’s +Zariba, River Jur, Jur Ghattas & Kutshuk Ali’s Zariba; Bongo: Lessi +River; Niamniam-land: Makporru Hill).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn742"><span class= +"sn">742</span><span class="taxon bold">Amorphophallus +Schweinfurthii</span> <em>N.E. Br.</em> GANDAH (White +Nile)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Herb with 1 long-stalked leaf divided into 3 main +segments which are again much subdivided, of a diam. up to 2 ft., +not appearing with flowers. Ped. 4-6 in. long; spathe dark purple; +tube 2 in. long, pale in the throat; limb 4 in. long with a +pointed, curved hood. Spadix shorter than spathe with a 2 in. long +purple cylindric appendix; male and fem. fl. in denser rings +covering 2 in. of spadix; per. 0.</p> + +<p class="p2">Upper White Nile Prov. (Kaka); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Jur: Jur Ghattas; Niamniam-land: Makporru Hill); Bahr El +Jebel.</p> + +<p class="p3">It is said to be eaten as a pot-herb when young.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn742-2" title="Amorphophallus"> +<span class="taxon bold">A. cf. A. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>N.E. +Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn742-3" title="Amorphophallus"> +<span class="taxon bold">A. maculatus</span> <em>N.E. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall herb with 1 palmati-tripartite leaf, with +numerous subdivisions, 2½ ft. in diam.; pet. 2½ in. long, spotted +olive green; ped. not produced with the leaf, 2 ft. long, spotted; +spathe convolute below; tube 5 in. long, spotted grey, hairy +inside; limb 8 in. long, ovate, red-veined. Spadix with fem. fl +covering 2 in., male fl. 1 in.; appendix 16 in. long, cylindric, +violet.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Sheikh Tombé).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn742-4" title="Amorphophallus"> +<span class="taxon bold">A. sp.</span> +</p> + +<p class="p2">Much like above but leaf segments much narrower. Fl. +not seen.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé); Mongalla Prov. +(Kenissa).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn743"><span class= +"sn">743</span><span class="taxon bold">Anchomanes dubius</span> +<em>Schott.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb with solitary pinnati-tripartite, much divided +leaf, 2-3 ft. diam., appearing after the flowers, armed on pet. +and<span class="pagenum" id="Page_371">[371]</span> nerves with +prickles; pet. 3-5 ft. long, white spotted. Ped. up to ab. 3 ft. +long, prickly, with 1 in. white spots; spathe 6-12 in. long, +boat-shaped, convolute at base, pale purple. Spadix sessile, 4-8 +in. long, without appendix; fem. part 1 in. long, purple, remainder +male. Per. 0.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Geneina & Jur +Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn744"><span class= +"sn">744</span><span class="taxon bold">Colocasia Antiquorum</span> +<em>Schott.</em> KOLOKASS—Arab; MANZI—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tuberous rooted herb, with large stoutly petioled, +peltate, ovate-cordate, sagittate leaves. Originally introduced +from Asia.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="p3">Cultivated for its tuber, but all parts are utilised +after being well boiled to separate the acrid matter common to most +aroids.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn745"><span class= +"sn">745</span><span class="taxon bold">Culcasia scandens</span> +<em>P. Beauv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Slender climber. Leaves lanc. to elliptic, 3-7 in. +long, gland-dotted; pet. 1-3 in. long, sheathing. Ped. 1-4 at ends +of branches, up to 3 in. long; spathe ab. 1½ in. long, convolute, +hooded. Spadix ab. 2 in. long; fem. part ½ in. long, male 1-1¼ in.; +appendix 0; per. 0.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: River Mokloio near +Dukuttu; Jur: Geneina & Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Lado: +Doka’s).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="hydrocharitace">HYDROCHARITACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn746"><span class= +"sn">746</span><span class="taxon bold">Hydrilla +verticillata</span> <em>Royle.</em> <span class="taxon bold">var. +brevifolia</span> <em>Casp.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Diœcious aquatic herb; stems elongate, branched. +Leaves in verticils of 4 ovate or ovate-oblong, dentate, ab. ¼ in. +long; lower leaves much shorter than internodes. Male spathe +1-flowered, axillary, solitary; perianth double of 3 segments each, +outer ovate, inner linear; sta. 3. Fem. spathe tubular 2-dentate; +per. segments 6, narrower than male; ovary exserted beyond the +spathe, long-beaked; styles 3.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Jebel (2° N.L.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn747"><span class= +"sn">747</span><span class="taxon bold">Lagarosiphon +Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Casp.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Aquatic herb. Leaves alt., lin.-lanceolate, ½ in. +long, minutely toothed. Male spathes many-flowered; per. 2-seriate; +sta. 3; staminodes often 2-3. Fem. spathe narrowly oblong, +1-flowered, with 1-3 teeth on either side; styles 3.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur & Bongo lands).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn747-2" title="Lagarosiphon"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. cordofanus</span> <em>Casp.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves scattered, ½-1 in. long, linear. Male spathe +sub-globose, 2-fid, 6-8 flowered. Fem. spathe axillary tubular, +2-fid.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn748"><span class= +"sn">748</span><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_372">[372]</span><span class="taxon bold">Vallisneria +spiralis</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Submerged aquatic herb with very short stem and +strap-shaped leaves, 4-18 in. long, minutely-toothed. Male spathes +axillary on 1-2 in. long stalks, many-flowered; fl. trimerous, +detaching themselves when fertile (as also in foregoing genera) and +floating to the surface to fertilise the fem. fl. Fem. spathe +tubular on long stalk rising to the surface, but withdrawing itself +into the mud by spiral contraction after fertilization; stigma +3-lobed, hairy above.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov. (12° 10′ L.N. & Goz Abu Gum’a); Bahr +El Ghazal Prov. (main River); Bahr El Jebel.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn748-2" title="Vallisneria"><span class= +"taxon bold">V. æthiopica</span> <em>Fenzl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Much like above, but leaves under 3 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov. (14° 30′ L.N. & J. Nyemati); Fung +Prov.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn749"><span class= +"sn">749</span><span class="taxon bold">Ottelia alismoides</span> +<em>Pers.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Aquatic herb with very short stem. Leaves with long +3-angled pet., broadly cordate, 4-6 in. wide, 7-11 nerved Fl. +hermaphr., solitary; ped. 6-12 in. long, at length spirally +contracted; spathe 3-6 toothed and winged, adnate to ovary; outer +per. segm. 3, oblong, ½ in. long, inner segm. 3 petaloid, white, 1 +in. long; sta. 6-10; styles 6, bifid; ovary 6-celled.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov. (Tawila); Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn749-2" title="Ottelia"><span class= +"taxon bold">O. lancifolia</span> <em>A. Rich.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves radical, lanceolate, tapering into the pet., +which is subamplexicaul at the base. Spathe bifid; inner per. lobes +yellow.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov. (Tawila); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, +Middle Gindi basin, 4,900 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">The seeds are pounded into meal by Nuers, and +eaten.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn749-3" title="Ottelia"><span class= +"taxon bold">O. ulvæfolia</span> <em>Buch.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves attenuate at both ends, 7-nerved, 1½ in. +broad. Spathe winged, obtusely 6-angled; inner per. lobes bright +yellow, 1 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov. (Salati); Bahr El Jebel (Sudd).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn749-4" title="Ottelia"><span class= +"taxon bold">O. near O. ulvæfolia</span> <em>Buch.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Submerged leaves narrowly linear-oblanceolate, up to +1 ft. long. Spathes 1¾ in. long, smooth. Flowers yellow.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov. (Tawila).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn750"><span class= +"sn">750</span><span class="taxon bold">Boottia scabra</span> +<em>Benth.</em> & <em>Hook. f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves submerged, thin, oblanceolate, 1½-2 ft. long, +2½ in. wide; petiole 1 ft. long, expanded at the base into an +amplexicaul base. Spathe 3½ in. long, unisexual, rugose, toothed. +Petals yellow or cream coloured.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Bahr El Jebel +(Sudd).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn750-2" title="Boottia"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. abyssinica</span> <em>Ridl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">As above, but spathe smooth, and only 2 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Main River); +Mongalla Prov. (Kagulu Khor, Yei River); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn751"><span class= +"sn">751</span><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_373">[373]</span><span class="taxon bold">Thalassia +Hemprichii</span> <em>Ehrb.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Submerged marine plant. Leaves fascicled at +intervals, linear, 6 in. long. Infl. diœcious; male spathes +solitary, 2-leaved; per. 3-lobed; sta. 6. Fem. fl. at length +stalked; ovary long-beaked. Fruit globose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Suakin & Arakea).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn752"><span class= +"sn">752</span><span class="taxon bold">Halophila ovata</span> +<em>Gaud.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Submerged marine herb, just above low-water mark. +Leaves 2 from each node, ovate, 1 in. long; pet. 1 in. long. Male +fl. solitary; per. 3-lobed; sta. 3. Fem. fl. sessile in the spathe; +per. segm. 3, minute; styles 3; ovary beaked.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Suakin).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn752-2" title="Halophila"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. stipulacea</span> <em>Aschers.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves linear, 2 in. long; pet. ¼ in. Much as +above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Dongonab).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="lemnace">LEMNACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn753"><span class= +"sn">753</span><span class="taxon bold">Lemna polyrhiza</span> +<em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Duckweed, the floating front bearing several +roots.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Meshra El Rek).</p> + +<p class="p3">It has been suggested that this plant might be +utilised in anti-mosquito work, as pools covered with it never +contain larvae of the Culicidae.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn753-2" title="Lemna"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. paucicostata</span> <em>Hegelmeier.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">The floating frond nearly ⅓ in. long, bearing 1 +root.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (J. +Nyemati); Kordofan Prov. (Fula Habsha); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: +Abwo stream 8,200 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Kutshuk Ali’s +Zariba); Mouth of Bahr El Jebel.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn753-3" title="Lemna"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. æquinoctialis</span> <em>Welw.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Floating frond minute with a keel above, bearing 1 +root.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Makporru Hill & +Nganye near the River Ibba).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn754"><span class= +"sn">754</span><span class="taxon bold">Wolffia Delilii</span> +<em>Schleid.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Duckweed; frond minute, rootless.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (Bara); Darfur Prov. (Suruj District: +J. Barkin).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="liliace">LILIACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn755"><span class= +"sn">755</span><span class="taxon bold">Smilax kraussiana</span> +<em>Meisn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Climbing shrub with prickly stem. Leaves oblong or +orbicular, 5-6 in. long with 3 basal nerves and 2 stipular tendrils +from base of petiole. Infl. diœcious in short-peduncled, +many-flowered axillary umbels. Per. segm. 6; male fl.: sta. 6; +filam. short; fem. fl.: staminodes 6 or fewer; ovary 3-celled, +superior as in all this Order. Berry size of a pea.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: River Buddu); +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn756"><span class= +"sn">756</span><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_374">[374]</span><span class="taxon bold">Asparagus +Pauli-Guilelmi</span> <em>Solms.</em> DALADE & DILEH—Golo.</p> + +<p class="p2">Erect undershr., 4-5 ft. high. Leaves minute, +scale-like, with a hooked prickle at the bases, bearing in their +axils 1-5 narrow, linear pointed leaf-like branchlets (cladodes), ¼ +in. long. Fl. axillary solitary or paired; per. white, minute, +6-partite; sta. 6; style short, stigmas 3; berry size of a pea.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Kordofan Prov. (Agari); Upper White Nile Prov. +(Renk); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Jur River & Wau, +Dinka country, Ghabat El Arab, Rek District); Bahr El Jebel.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn756-2" title="Asparagus"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Prickly shrub. Cladodes in fascicles of 3-6, ¾-1¼ in. +long. Fl. in axillary pairs.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: on the banks of the River +Gendua).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn756-3" title="Asparagus"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. asiaticus</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Prickly climbing shrub. Cladodes 6-15 in a cluster, ½ +in. long, stout. Fl. several in axillary clusters.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Darfur Prov. (Kulme +3,600 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn756-4" title="Asparagus"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. africanus</span> <em>Lam.</em> DAHUAB—Hadendowa; UM +MUSHBUT & MESHEIT (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; GAGALI—Bari; BUT—Dinka; +TIANKA—Burun.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tall, prickly shrub. Cladodes densely fascicled, +stout, ½-1 in. long. Fl. umbellate from sides and tips of +branchlets.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); +Kordofan Prov. (Mulbeis); Darfur Prov. (J. Murra: Niurnya 6,500 +ft.); Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf to mouth of Sobat +River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Meshra El Rek, Jur Ghattas); Bahr El +Jebel.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn756-5" title="Asparagus"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. racemosus</span> <em>Willd.</em> DAYOK (Fung) & +BEKHEISET—Arab; CHII—Golo; BARAKURI—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Rambling and scandent, prickly undershr. Cladodes 2-6 +in a cluster, ½-¾ in. long. Racemes solitary or fascicled, 1-2 in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Port Sudan, Suakin: 19° 30′ N.L.); +Fung Prov. Sherif; Kordofan Prov.; Sobat River; Bahr El Ghazal +Prov.; Bahr El Jebel.</p> + +<p class="p3">The fruit is eaten by the Golos. The root is used as +a demulcent, diuretic, anti-dysenteric, etc., also as a demulcent +in veterinary medicine.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn757"><span class= +"sn">757</span><span class="taxon bold">Sanseviera +Ehrenbergii</span> <em>Schweinfth.</em> TUMBAT—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial, somewhat aloe-like herb. Leaves 12-15 +distichous, basal, thick, striated, up to 5-6 ft. long. Infl. a +panicle, 5-6 ft. long, with peduncle; per. tubular with 6 linear +lobes, white tinged with red, ½-¾ in. long, lobes longer than tube; +sta. 6, as long as the lobes, anthers versatile; style +filiform.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia (between Atbara & the Red Sea); Red Sea Prov. +(Khor Ashat & Wadi Qossir near Suakin).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn757-2" title="Sanseviera"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_375">[375]</span><span class="taxon bold">S. +nilotica</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves 3 ft. long, flat, mottled, 1½ in. broad. +Raceme lax, bearing clusters of 3-9 white, tinged with green, +flowers; per. ¾-1 in. long, lobes longer than tube.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Mittu: Mvolo).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn757-3" title="Sanseviera"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. abyssinica</span> <em>N.E. Brown.</em> BASSAL EL +WADI (Kassala), ZA’AF EL FIL, Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El +Zeraf), UM KUSM (Kordofan), KHAZAN (Baggara)—Arab; RRUK (J. Daier), +GILLIA (J. El Amira), NALIAK (J. Eliri)—Nuba; TOI or TOIRO—Jur; +TAR—Dinka (Bahr El Ghazal); BARANGA—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves 2 ft. long or more, lanceolate, acute, rugose. +Raceme up to 2½ ft. long; clusters 4-5 flowered. Flowers not +described.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov.; +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Zeriba Agad, Jur Ghattas); Bahr El +Jebel.</p> + +<p class="p3">Used as a source of fibre, in Bongo-land the women +make kilts of the fibre which resemble horse tails.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn758"><span class= +"sn">758</span><span class="taxon bold">Aloe Schweinfurthii</span> +<em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Fleshy plant. Leaves rosulate, ensiform, 18 in. long, +2 in. broad at base, margined with deltoid spines. Peduncle stout, +compressed, branched, 2 ft. long, bearing racemes 6-9 in. long; +per. pale-red, up to 1 in. long; tube short; segm. 6; sta. 6. Fr. +oblong, 3-angled, 3-valved.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn758-2" title="Aloe"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. commutata</span> <em>Todaro.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Acaulescent. Leaves rosulate, oblong, lanceolate, +10-12 in. long, spotted white; marginal teeth large. Ped. branched, +2-3 ft. long; racemes 3-6 in. long; per. bright-red, 1½ in. long, +constricted above the ovary.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 6,000 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn758-3" title="Aloe"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. abyssinica</span> <em>Lam.</em> +KALANDO—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Stem short. Leaves rosulate ensiform, 2 ft. long, +spotted when young; marginal teeth large. Ped. branched, 2 ft. +long; racemes dense, 3-4 in. long; per. yellow, 1 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Sinkat, Wadi Sarrawib, Erkowit, J. +Sihaba).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn758-4" title="Aloe"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. crassipes</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves ensiform, 1 ft. long and under 1 in. broad; +teeth large, rather hooked. Ped. stout, 18 in. long; raceme 6 in. +long with 2 short branches at base; per. 1¼ in. long, constricted +above the ovary.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia (between Suakin & Berber at Kishi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn758-5" title="Aloe"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. sp.</span> NARURA (J. Eliri)—Nuba.</p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves 1 ft. long, gradually tapered upwards, +repand-dentate, about 2 in. broad near the base. Fruiting panicle +about 1 ft. long. Fruits ellipsoid, 1 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nuba Mts. Prov, (J. Eliri to El Amira).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn759"><span class= +"sn">759</span><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_376">[376]</span><span class="taxon bold">Dracæna +Ombet</span> <em>Kotschy</em> & <em>Peyr.</em> BATT—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Many times branched, palm-like tree, 8 ft. or over, +bearing dense clusters of ensiform leaves, 2 ft. long at ends of +branches. Infl. panicled, 1 ft. or more long; fl. white, ¼ in. +long; per. segm. 6; sta. 6; fr. a 3-celled berry.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit, Khor Ashat, Anguab +mountain, west of Suakin).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn759-2" title="Dracaena"><span class= +"taxon bold">D. elliptica</span> <em>Thunb.</em> & +<em>Dalm.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Shrub with much-branched, slender woody stems. Leaves +oblong, 5-6 in. long; pet. short, channelled. Infl. panicled; per. +whitish, ½ in. long; segm. 6; sta. 6; berry 3-lobed, 3-seeded.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River: Kagiko).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn760"><span class= +"sn">760</span><span class="taxon bold">Asphodelus +fistulosus</span> <em>Linn.</em> <span class="taxon bold">var. +tenuifolius</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb with rosette of radical, hollow, pointed leaves, +6-9 in. long. Ped. shorter than leaves; infl. panicled; racemes +lax, pedicels jointed at middle; per. white, ⅓ in. long; segm. 6, +keeled with brown, spreading from a short tube; sta. 6; anthers +versatile; fr. globose, ⅛ in. diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Berber Prov. (Abu +Hashim).</p> + +<p class="p3">The seeds are officinal and are said to be +diuretic.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn761"><span class= +"sn">761</span><span class="taxon bold">Bulbine +asphodeloides</span> <em>Roem.</em> & <em>Schult.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tuberous acaulescent herb. Leaves 10-20 in dense +basal rosette, 6-18 in. long. Ped. shorter than leaves; raceme 3-6 +in. long; pedicels solitary, jointed at top; per. bright yellow, ⅓ +in. long, segm. 6, divided to base; sta. 6; filam. densely bearded; +anthers versatile; caps. 3-angled, ⅓ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Jur: Abu Gurun’s Zariba).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn762"><span class= +"sn">762</span><span class="taxon bold">Eriospermum +abyssinicum</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tuberous herb. Leaf solitary, lanceolate, 5-6 in. +long, appearing after flowers. Ped. wiry, 3-6 in. long; racemes +lax, 6-8 in. long; pedicels jointed at apex; per. segm. 6, +separate, white, keeled brown, ¼ in. long; sta. 6, unequal, shorter +than per.; caps. ¼ in. long with 3 obovate, reflexing valves.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: banks of the River Gendua); +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas & Zariba Kutshok Ali); +Mongalla Prov. (Lado District: Doka’s).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn763"><span class= +"sn">763</span><span class="taxon bold">Acrospira sp.?</span> +</p> + +<p class="p2">Anthers basi-fixed, twisting up spirally.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (Kulme 3,600 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn764"><span class= +"sn">764</span><span class="taxon bold">Anthericum +monophyllum</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb with tuber crowned with bristles; stem slender, +angled, ½ in. long. Leaf solitary, lanceolate, 6-9 in. long, with a +clasping base from the middle, enclosed by a sheath. Raceme simple +1-3 in. long; pedicels solitary, ¼ in. long, jointed at the middle; +per. ½ in. long, white; segm. 6, free, as all in this genus, with a +brown, 3-nerved keel; sta. 6; anthers basifixed, as all in the +genus, as long as filam.;<span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_377">[377]</span> caps. 3-angled, shallowly lobed, also as +others in this genus; seeds angular.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn764-2" title="Anthericum"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. triphyllum</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Rootstock tuberous; fibres wiry. Leaves ab. 3, with +long sheathing base and lanceolate blade, 4-6 in. long and ab. ½ +in. broad, with raised veins and thickened margins. Ped. slender, +pubescent, grooved, 6-8 in. long; raceme 3-4 in. long; pedicels +short, articulated, lower geminate; bracts lanceolate, up to ¾ in. +long. Per. ¼ in. long; segm. separate, white with 3 brown ribs.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: by the River Jur).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn764-3" title="Anthericum"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. cf. A. triphyllum</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn764-4" title="Anthericum"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. superpositum</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Rootstock and root-leaves not known. Ped. 24-30 in. +long, bearing 3-4 sessile, oblong leaves 3-6 in. long. Racemes 1-3, +lax, 2-3 in. long; pedicels short, articulated at middle, lower +3-4-nate; per. ⅙ in. long; segm. linear, white, with a green keel; +sta. nearly as long as per., anthers small; caps. ⅙ in. diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: River Ibba).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn764-5" title="Anthericum"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. triflorum</span> <em>Ait.</em> BERĪD (Meshra El +Zeraf)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Rootstock fibrous, not tuberous; neck crowned by a +dense ring of bristles. Leaves linear, 1 ft. or more long. Ped. +12-18 in. long, angled; raceme dense, 3-6 in. long; pedicels +1-4-nate, jointed in middle; per. ab. ½ in. long; segm. lanceolate, +5-7 nerved, white with red-brown keel; sta. ¼ in. long; filam. +scabrous. Caps. oblong.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El +Zeraf); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Bongo: Lessi +River); Mongalla Prov. (Bor & Mongalla).</p> + +<p class="p3">Said to be poisonous to cattle.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn764-6" title="Anthericum"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. near A. usseramense</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves several, basal, ensiform. Ped. long, +flattened; pedicels short, articulated at middle, lower geminate; +racemes panicled; per. greenish-white, ¼ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn765"><span class= +"sn">765</span><span class="taxon bold">Chlorophytum +macrophyllum</span> <em>Aschers.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, not tuberous; root fibres long. Leaves 4-5 to a +stem; blade membranous, lanceolate, 12-18 in. long, narrowed at +both ends; pet. 6-12 in. long, channelled. Ped. 6-12 in. long; +raceme simple or branched at base, 6-8 in. long; pedicels +articulated, ab. ⅓ in. long, the lower fascicled; lower bracts ab. +1 in. long. Per. white, ⅓ in. long, segm. 6, free, with a 3-5 +nerved brown keel; sta. 6, shorter than per., filam. and anthers ⅛ +in. long resp.; caps. ⅓ in. long and as others in this genus deeply +3-lobed and seeds flat.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: banks of the River Gendua); +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn765-2" title="Chlorophytum"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_378">[378]</span><span class="taxon bold">C. +blepharophyllum</span> <em>Schweinfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Root crowned with dense bristles. Leaves ab. 4 +sheathing base of stem, lowest small, others oblong-lanceolate, 4-8 +in. long. Ped. slender, shorter than leaves; rac. dense, 2-3 in. +long, simple or forked at base; pedicels short, articulated, lowest +2-3-nate. Per. dark-green, ⅓ in. long; segm. linear with 5-nerved +keel. Caps. deeply emarginate, ⅓ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn765-3" title="Chlorophytum"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. pusillum</span> <em>Schweinfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tuberous herb. Leaves ab. 4, basal, oblong, 4-5 in. +long, sessile, crisped at margin. Rac. dense, simple, 1-2 in. long, +sessile in centre of rosette of leaves; pedicels short, +articulated, clustered. Per. ⅙ in. long, white; segm. with a +greenish-brown keel. Caps. globose, ¼ in. diam.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn765-4" title="Chlorophytum"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves 5-6 to a stem, oblong-lanceolate, not +distinctly petiolate, 12-15 in. long, 2 in. broad. Ped. 2-3 in. +long; rac. 2-3 in. long, dense, simple or branched at base; +pedicels short, articulated at middle, lower 2-3-nate. Per. ¼ in. +long, greenish. Caps. ⅙ in. long, ¼ in. diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn765-5" title="Chlorophytum"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. gallabatense</span> <em>Schweinfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Rootstock horizontal. Leaves 6-8 to a stem, thin, +lanceolate, narrowly clasping, 12-18 in. long. Ped. slender, 1 ft. +long; rac. many, ascending, the end one 6-9 in. long; pedic. short, +articulated at middle, lower 2-3-nate. Per. dull greenish-white, ⅙ +in. long. Caps. ¼ in. diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn765-6" title="Chlorophytum"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. ciliatum</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Neck of rootstock crowned with a ring of bristles. +Leaves 3-4, with sheathing base and lanceolate blade, 4-6 in. long, +ciliated on margin. Ped. slender, up to as long as leaves; racemes +usually simple, dense upwards, ab. 3 in. long, lower 3-4-nate, ab. +⅓ in. long. Per. ¼ in. long. Caps. ⅓ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Kutshuk Ali).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn765-7" title="Chlorophytum"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. tenuifolium</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves 5-6 to a stem, linear, 12-18 long, ⅓-½ in. +broad, narrowed to base. Ped. long, slender; rac. lax, cylindric, +up to 6-9 in. long; pedicels solitary ab. ⅓ in. long, articulated +below the middle. Per. ⅓ in. long, segm. linear, white with a green +keel; anthers small; caps. subglobose, emarginate, ⅓ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn765-8" title="Chlorophytum"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. andongense</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall herb. Leaves up to 2 ft. long, oblanceolate. +Ped. up to 3 ft. long, bearing a lax panicle of many ascending +racemes 1-2 ft. long; pedicels articulated at middle, lower +5-6-nate, finally 1 in. long. Per. ab. ½ in. long, +brownish-green<span class="pagenum" id="Page_379">[379]</span> or +white with 3-nerved green keel. Caps. oblong, ⅓-½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, Jur Ghattas); Bahr El +Jebel (Mongalla Prov.: Bor).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn765-9" title="Chlorophytum"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. longifolium</span> <em>Schweinfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Rootstock horizontal, crowned with bristles. Leaves +ab. 6 to a stem, firm, linear, 12-18 in. long, ½-¾ in. broad, +ciliate on margin. Ped. 12-18 in. long; rac. simple, 3-5 in. long, +dense; pedicels very short, lower 2-3-nate. Per ⅓ in. long, segm. +lanceolate; anthers small. Caps. deeply emarginate ¼-⅓ in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn765-10" title="Chlorophytum"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. micranthum</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Neck of root crowned with a dense ring of fibres. +Produced leaves firm, linear, 4-6 in. long, ¼ in. broad. Ped. +slender, as long as leaves; rac. lax, simple or forked, at length +6-8 in. long; pedicels very short, artic. at middle, lower +3-4-nate. Per. greenish-white, ⅛ in. long; segm. linear laxly +3-nerved; anthers minute. Caps. ⅙ in diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Kutshuk Ali’s Zariba).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn765-11" title="Chlorophytum"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. tuberosum</span> <em>Baker.</em> SHANDAHA or +SHANDAHAT & ASLANGA—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Root fibres bearing tubers at end; rootstock crowned +with a dense ring of bristles. Leaves 6-10, firm, lanceolate, base +sheathing the stem, 3-12 in. long, ciliated at margin. Rac. 5-6 in. +long, including ped., often forked near the base; fl. fairly dense +on rachis, white; pedic. short, artic. below middle, lower +2-3-nate. Per. ½ in. and more long; segm. oblong, obscurely +7-nerved; filam. ⅙-¼ in. long; anthers ab. same length, linear, +curling after dehiscence. Caps. obovoid, ⅓ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Blue Nile Prov. +(Abu Haraz & Dinder River); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile +Prov. (southwards from Hillet Abbas); Darfur Prov.; Bahr El +Jebel.</p> + +<p class="p3">Edible.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn765-12" title="Chlorophytum"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. polystachyum</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Neck of rootstock crowned with a few bristles. +Produced leaves ab. 6 to a stem, linear, ab. 1 ft. long, ¼-⅓ in. +broad. Ped. as long as leaves; rac. several, panicled, lax, the +lower forked; pedic. ⅙-¼ in. long, artic. at middle, lower +3-4-nate; per. campanulate, ⅛ in. long; segm. green with white +margin; anthers minute.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn765-13" title="Chlorophytum"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. breviscapum</span> <em>Dalz.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Rootstock erect, not bristly. Leaves +linear-lanceolate, up to 9 in. long and 1¼ in. broad. Racemes +longer than the leaves; bracts lanceolate, acuminate, about ½ in. +long, ciliolate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambe).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn765-14" title="Chlorophytum"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_380">[380]</span><span class="taxon bold">C. +Tinneæ</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Root leaves not known. Ped. very slender 6-12 in. +long, bearing several linear reduced leaves. Rac. very lax 6 in. +long; pedic. very short, lower 2-3-nate. Per. 1/5 in. long; segm. +oblong with 3-nerved keel; sta. rather shorter than per.; anthers +linear, twice as long as filam.; ovules 12 in a cell.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn765-15" title="Chlorophytum"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. spp.</span> +</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (near Wau); Mongalla Prov. +(Lado: Doka’s, & Kagulu).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn766"><span class= +"sn">766</span><span class="taxon bold">Dasystachys aurea</span> +<em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb; leaves 5-6 to a stem, erect, glabrous, linear, +24-30 in. long, 1 in. broad at middle, base sheathing, margins +obscurely ciliated. Ped. erect, 3 ft. long, bearing a few reduced +leaves, pubescent. Raceme subspicate, 6-12 in. long; lower bracts +large, lanceolate; fl. at first clothed with golden pubescence. +Per. ¼ in. long; segm. 6, oblong, white with red-brown keel; sta. +6, as long as per.; anthers longer than filam.; style much +exserted. Caps. deeply 3-lobed; seeds flat.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Kutshuk Ali’s Zariba, +Niamniam-land: Hu River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn767"><span class= +"sn">767</span><span class="taxon bold">Allium (Molium) +spathaceum</span> <em>Steud.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb; bulb globose 3 in. diam. Leaves 1-2, linear, +thin, up to 9 in. long. Ped. 4-9 in. long; umbel of 10-15 fl.; +spathe of 1 short ovate valve; pedic. ½-¾ in. long. Per. ⅙ in. +long, white; segm. with distinct brown keel; sta. 6.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn767-2" title="Allium"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. ascalonicum</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb; bulb ovoid, ¾ in. diam. Leaves few, linear, up +to 1 ft. long and ¼ in. broad. Peduncle longer than the leaves, +stout; pedicels slender, crowded, about ⅓ in. long. Per. ⅙ in. +long, white.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (Bara).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn767-3" title="Allium"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. alibile</span> <em>A. Rich.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Bulb globose, ab. 1 in. diam. Leaves not known. Ped. +18 in. long; umbel many-flowered; pedic. short; spathe short, +many-valved. Per. campanulate, pale rose, segm. ovate-obl., acute; +filam. of 3 inner sta. tri-cuspidate, 3 outer lanceolate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Sudan?</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn768"><span class= +"sn">768</span><span class="taxon bold">Dipcadi unifolium</span> +<em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Bulb ½ in. diam. Leaf 1, linear, 6-7 in. long, base +long sheathing. Ped. ab. 5 in. long; rac. laxly 3-6 flowered; +pedic. very short. Per. green as others in this genus; tube ⅙ in. +long; inner segm. flat, ⅙ in. long, outer caudate, 1/5 in. long; +anthers subsessile.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Gendua River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn768-2" title="Dipcadi"><span class= +"taxon bold">D. fesoghlense</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves 2, 6-8 in. long, very narrow. Ped. 4 in. long; +rac.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_381">[381]</span> laxly +many-flowered; pedic. very short. Per. ½ in. long, tube and inner +segm. ¼ in., outer segm. caudate, just longer.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Dongonab); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli & +Jongol’s Post).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn768-3" title="Dipcadi"><span class= +"taxon bold">D. filifolium</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Bulb ab. ½ in. diam. Leaves 2, subterete, 1 ft. long. +Ped. 1 ft. or more; rac. lax 3-10 flowered; pedic. short. Per. +fulvous green; tube and inner segm. ⅙ in., outer up to ⅓ in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat mouth); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn768-4" title="Dipcadi"><span class= +"taxon bold">D. tacazzeanum</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Bulb 1 in. diam. Leaves 2-3, linear, flat, 3-4 in. +long. Ped. 6-9 in. long; rac. 6-12 flowered; pedic. very short. +Per. tube and inner segm. ¼ in. long respectively, outer segm. ⅓ +in., subulate-falcate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Abu Gurun’s Zariba); +Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn768-5" title="Dipcadi"><span class= +"taxon bold">D. lanceolatum</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves 4-5, lanceolate, 3-4 in. long. Ped. 8-18 in. +long; rac. very lax, ½-1 ft. long; pedic. very short. Per. tube ab. +1/5 in. long; inner segm. a little longer, outer complicate, ab. ¼ +in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Gir).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn769"><span class= +"sn">769</span><span class="taxon bold">Drimia laxiflora</span> +<em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Bulb and leaves not known. Ped. slender, 15-18 in. +long; rac. very lax, 6-8 in. long; lower pedic. up to ½ in. long. +Per. gamophyllous, ab. ⅓ in. long, greenish-brown; tube +campanulate; segm. oblong twice as long as tube; style slightly +exserted. Caps. deeply lobed; seeds flat.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov. (Khor Attar).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn770"><span class= +"sn">770</span><span class="taxon bold">Albuca tayloriana</span> +<em>Rendle.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Bulb ¾ in. diam. Leaves radical, narrow-linear. Ped. +ab. 2 ft. long; rac. 4-5 in. long, laxly 10-12 fld., cylindrical; +lower pedic. ⅓ in. long. Per. segm. free, ½ in. long, outer +spreading, oblong greenish-white, with a broad, purple, 7-nerved +keel, inner segm. connivent, hooded; sta. 6, filam. subulate; style +subulate, more than twice length of ovary. Caps. 3-valved; seeds +flat, black.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla to Gemeiza).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn770-2" title="Albuca"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Engl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Bulb 1 in. diam. Leaves linear, 24-30 in. long, ⅓ in. +broad. Ped. longer than leaves; rac. 1 ft. or more, 20-30 fld.; +pedic. short; lower bracts up to 1½ in. long. Per. nearly 1 in. +long; segm. linear-obl., pale yellow with a broad red-brown keel. +Caps. ovoid, ab. ½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam: at the River Buddu, +near Abu Samat’s Zariba).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn770-3" title="Albuca"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_382">[382]</span><span class="taxon bold">A. +purpurascens</span> <em>Engl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Bulb 2-3 in. diam. Leaves linear 12-18 in. long. Ped. +slightly longer; rac. 6-8 in. long, 10-15 fld.; pedic. half as long +as fl.; lower bracts ab. ½ in. long. Per. ab. ½ in. long; segm. +lin.-obl., with a broad purplish keel. Caps. ovoid, ab. ½ in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Kutshuk Ali’s +Zariba, Jur River; Mittu; Kuragerra & Dimindu).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn770-4" title="Albuca"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. Steudneri</span> <em>Schweinfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Bulb over 1 in. diam. Leaves 6-10 in. long, ⅓-½ in. +broad below. Ped. 1 ft. or more long; rac. lax, 8-10 fld.; pedic. +half as long as fl. Per. over ½ in. long; segm. linear, with a +broad green keel. Caps. oblong, ½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn771"><span class= +"sn">771</span><span class="taxon bold">Urginea micrantha</span> +<em>Solms.</em> ABUTKULA—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bulb 2-3 in. diam. Leaves linear, appearing after the +flowers. Ped. 1-2 ft. long; raceme 12-18 in., moderately dense; +pedic. rigid, jointed at apex, up to ¾ in. long. Per. ⅙ in. long, +segm. 6, free, white with 1-nerved brown keel; sta. 6, shorter than +per.; anthers versatile, small. Caps. globose, acutely angled, ¼ +in. diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Fung Prov. (Roseires, +Jongol’s Post, etc., etc.); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 5,800 ft.); +South of 13° N.L.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Kutshuk Ali’s Zariba, +Abu Gurun’s Zariba; Mittu at Reggo; Dar Fertit; Deim Zubeir & near +Chak-Chak).</p> + +<p class="p3">The starch contained in the bulbs is used by the +Hadendowas to stiffen their hair.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn771-2" title="Urginea"><span class= +"taxon bold">U. indica</span> <em>Kunth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Bulb and leaves much as above. Ped. 1-2 ft. long; +rac. 6-12 in., very lax; pedic. ascending, lower 1-2 in. long. Per. +⅓-½ in. long; segm. whitish, keel brownish-green, 2-3 nerved. Caps. +oblong, ½-¾ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (J. Moya & Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Meshra El Rek).</p> + +<p class="p3">The bruised bulbs are applied as a poultice for +rheumatic pains or contusions.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn771-3" title="Urginea"><span class= +"taxon bold">U. Petitiana</span> <em>Solms.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Bulb 1½ in. diam. Leaves linear, appearing after fl. +Ped. up to 2 ft. long; raceme 6 in., dense above; pedic. very +short; bracts linear, ¼-⅓ in. long. Per. 1/5 in. long, segm. white; +keel 2-3 nerved, greenish-brown.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Mongalla Prov. +(Bor to Mongalla).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn771-4" title="Urginea"><span class= +"taxon bold">U. nigritana</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Bulb moderately large. Leaves linear, channelled, +12-18 in. long. Ped. 18-24 in. long; rac. up to 18 in., lax; upper +pedic. short, lower up to 1½ in.; bracts up to ¾ in. long. Per. ab. +¾ in. long, segm. whitish with a broad 5-nerved red-brown keel. +Caps. ovoid, ½-¾ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_383">[383]</span>Bahr +El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu: Dimindu; Niamniam-land: River Buddu).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn772"><span class= +"sn">772</span><span class="taxon bold">Scilla spicata</span> +<em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Bulb 1 in. diam. Leaves 2, lanceolate, 2-5 in. long. +Ped. 4-6 in. long; spike 1-2 in., dense. Per. campanulate, bright +purple; segm. 6, 1-nerved, minute; sta. 6, short; anthers +versatile. Caps. 3-valved.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn772-2" title="Scilla"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. edulis</span> <em>Engl.</em> MAKPĀRA—Bongo.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bulb over ½ in. diam. Leaves 4-6, linear, up to 3 in. +long. Ped. slender, 2-3 in. long; raceme up to 2 in. long, fairly +dense; pedic. short; per. mauve-purple, ⅛ in. long; sta. ab as +long, filam. mauve-purple.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla +Prov. (Mongalla).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn772-3" title="Scilla"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. indica</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Bulb up to 2 in. diam. Leaves 5-6, lanceolate, 6 in. +long, sheathing. Ped. ab. 6 in. long; rac. 3-4 in. lax; ped. ¼-⅓ +in. longer, lower drooping. Per. campanulate, greenish-purple, ⅛ +in. long; filam. purple.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn772-4" title="Scilla"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Engl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Bulb ¾ in. diam. Leaves 3-6, linear, 2-3 in. long. +Ped. 2-3 in. long; raceme ab. 1½ in. lax, lower fl. drooping; +centr. pedic. ⅙ in. long. Per. campanulate, green, ⅙ in. long; +filam. pale.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn772-5" title="Scilla"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. mæsta</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Bulb ab. 1½ in. diam. Leaves 5-6, lanceolate with a +few purple spots, 4-6 in. long. Ped. 2-3 to a bulb, ab. 4 in. long; +rac. 1-2 in. dense, lower ped. drooping, ⅓ in. long. Per. +campanulate, green, ⅛ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn772-6" title="Scilla"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. modesta</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Bulb ab. 1½ in. diam. Leaves 2, obl. or lanc., 2-6 +in. long. Ped. 2-6 in. long; rac. 2-3 in., lax; pedic. ab. ⅙ in. +long. Per. campanulate, green, ⅛ in. long; filam. pale.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Wau).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn772-7" title="Scilla"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. chlorantha</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Bulb 1½ in. diam. Leaves 3, obl. or obl.-lanc., 6 in. +long, 1-2 in. broad, sheathing at base. Ped. 4 in. long; rac. 3-5 +in., moderately dense; pedic. ab. ⅙ in. long. Per. campanulate, +green, ⅛ in. long; filam. green.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn772-8" title="Scilla"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. lilacina</span> <em>Baker.</em> BASSAL EL KELB, +KILGA & BERID (Blue Nile)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bulb ½ in. diam. Leaves 6-8, obl.-lanc., thin, 3-4 +in. long, ab. 1 in. broad. Ped. 4-6 in. long; rac. 3-5 in., lax; +pedic. ab. ⅓ in. long. Per. tubular-campanulate, ¼ in. long, pale +purple; filam. bright mauve-purple.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_384">[384]</span>Blue +Nile Prov. (Abu Haraz); Upper White Nile Prov. (Renk); Kordofan +Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn772-9" title="Scilla"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. cf. S. lanceæfolia</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves obl. or obl.-lanc., spotted dark green. Rac. +2-3 in. long; pedic. longer than fl. Per. campanulate, purplish, +ab. ¼ in. long; filam. purple.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn773"><span class= +"sn">773</span><span class="taxon bold">Ornithogalum Eckloni</span> +<em>Schlecht.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Bulb 1-2 in. diam. Leaves 4-6, linear, 1-2 ft. long, +ab. ¾ in. broad near base. Ped. fairly stout 18-24 in. long; rac. +3-4 in., rather dense; pedic. short, ascending. Per. ¼ in. long; +segm. free, obl., white with green keel; sta. 6, hypogynous, +shorter than per.; filam. linear; anthers versatile. Caps. globose, +¼ in. diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn774"><span class= +"sn">774</span><span class="taxon bold">Gloriosa virescens</span> +<em>Lindl.</em> HABALEKO—Rashida.</p> + +<p class="p2">Sarmentose herb climbing by means of prehensile +leaf-tips. Leaves usually obl. or obl.-lanc., with tendril-like +tips, 5-6 in. long, the lower verticillate or opp. Infl. a lax +terminal corymb; pedic. long, nodding at tip. Per. ab. 2 in. long; +segm. free, lanceolate-cuspidate, slightly or not crisped, usually +bright red, ultimately strongly reflexed; sta. 6, hypogynous, +shorter than per.; style over 1 in. long, 3-forked above. Caps. ab. +2 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Karora); Kordofan Prov.; Upper White +Nile Prov. (Kio); Darfur Prov. (Kulme 3,600 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas & Wau; Shambe); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla & +Lado. Asugi).</p> + +<p class="p3">Probably has medicinal properties; the tuber is +poisonous.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn774-2" title="Gloriosa"><span class= +"taxon bold">G. virescens</span> <em>Lindl.</em> <span class= +"taxon bold">var. grandiflora</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Fl. larger; per. segm. 3-4 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Abu Kuka).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="pontederiace">PONTEDERIACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn775"><span class= +"sn">775</span><span class="taxon bold">Eichornia natans</span> +<em>Solms.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Aquatic herb; stems floating or creeping in the mud. +Submerged leaves sessile, linear, 2-4 in. long; floating leaves +petiolate, ½-1 in. long, ½-1 in. broad ovate or orbicular, cordate; +produced sheath of petiole (so-called stipule) up to 1¼ in. long. +Fl. apparently issuing from below middle of pet. of floating +leaves. Perianth inferior; segm. 5, united below, blue, ¼ in. +diam.; sta. 6; ovary 3-celled; style shortly 3-6 lobed. Caps. +spindle-shaped, ½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: between Gir & Addai; +Ghazal R.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn776"><span class= +"sn">776</span><span class="taxon bold">Heteranthera +kotschyana</span> <em>Fenzl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Aquatic herb; stem creeping in the mud. Leaves 1-3 +in. long ovate, cordate; pet. 2-8 in. long, whose sheath +embraces<span class="pagenum" id="Page_385">[385]</span> the +membranous spathe out of which issues the 2-4 in. long spike. Per. +segm. 6; sta. 3. Caps. ½-¾ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (between Melbes & El Obeid); White +Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: +Gurfala).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn777"><span class= +"sn">777</span><span class="taxon bold">Monochoria africana</span> +<em>N.E. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Aquatic herb. Leaves radical, 3-4 in. long, ovate, +acuminate, slightly cordate; pet. long. Flowering stems 11-14 in. +long with a leaf or tubular leaf-sheath at their summit enclosing a +filiform-pointed spathe 1 in. long. Raceme 2-4 in. long, emerging +from the spathe. Per. segm. 6, free, blue or violet; sta. 6, +unequal, the filam. of largest toothed; stigma of 3 bifid +lobes.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="taccace">TACCACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn778"><span class= +"sn">778</span><span class="taxon bold">Tacca pinnatifida</span> +<em>Forst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Rootstock tuberous, up to 1 ft. diam. Leaves radical, +long-petioled (1-3 ft. long), large, dividing into 3 forked +branches; final segments ovate or lanceolate. Fl. many in an umbel; +ped. 1-3 ft. long; bracts 4-6 in a whorl; per. superior; segm. 6, +all small, greenish-brown; sta. 6, filam. hooded, purple; stigma +peltate; lobes 3, bifid; berry 1 in. long, subglobose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Bor to Gigging, Yei +River).</p> + +<p class="p3">The tuber yields starch, which is said to be similar +to arrow-root, but of poor quality. It is not cultivated, but is +gathered wild and eaten.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="dioscoreace">DIOSCOREACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn779"><span class= +"sn">779</span><span class="taxon bold">Dioscorea (Helmia) +sativa</span> <em>Linn.</em> MAYDOK or NYTI, also MERE (aerial +tuber) & BARANDOKA (undergr. tuber)—Zande. The Yam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Herbaceous twiner with edible tuber. Leaves alt., +ovate or orbicular, cuspidate, cordate, 1 ft. long, 7-9 nerved, +often with bulbils in the axils. Infl. diœcious, spicate, the male +spikes fascicled at leafless nodes. Male fl. minute; per. segm. 6; +sta. 6. Fem. fl. also minute; per. segm. 6; styles 3. Caps. deeply +3-lobed; seeds broadly winged at base.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Niamniam-land); Mongalla Prov. (Sheikh Tombé).</p> + +<p class="p3">The plant is cultivated throughout Tropical Africa +for food, and flour being made from the dried tubers.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn779-2" title="Dioscorea"><span class= +"taxon bold">D. sagittifolia</span> <em>Pax.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Twining herb with tuberous root. Leaves +triangular-sagittate,<span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_386">[386]</span> 4-5 in. long, 5-nerved. Male spikes +geminate. Fem. fl. and fruit unknown.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Okale).</p> + +<p class="p3">Tuber probably edible.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn779-3" title="Dioscorea"><span class= +"taxon bold">D. alata</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Twiner with 4-winged stem; tuber large, edible. +Leaves usually opp., ovate-acuminate, cordate, 7-nerved, 6-9 in. +long. Caps. glabrous, 1¼ in. diam., 3-winged; seeds orbicular, +winged all round.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso +River). Cultivated, see above <i>D. sativa</i> L.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn779-4" title="Dioscorea"><span class= +"taxon bold">D. abyssinica</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Twiner; stem terete. Leaves ovate-acuminate, cordate, +7-nerved, 3-4 in. long. Caps. orbicular, deeply-lobed, 1¼ in. +diam.; seeds orbicular, winged all round.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn779-5" title="Dioscorea"><span class= +"taxon bold">D. schimperiana</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves as above, but 5-nerved and rather larger and +hairy. Infl. pubescent. Caps. with 3 orbicular lobes, 1 in. long +and 1½ in. diam.; seeds orbicular, winged all round.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Gumango Hill); +Fung Prov. (Bunzaga).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn779-6" title="Dioscorea"><span class= +"taxon bold">D. (Helmia) dumetorum</span> <em>Pax.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Twiner, often prickly. Leaves 3-fol., pubescent +beneath; end leaflet obovate, cuspidate, 5-6 in. long, side +leaflets oblique. Male fl. in short axillary panicles; fem. fl. +laxly racemed. Caps. 3-angled, 2 in. long; seeds 1 in. long, with +large basal wing.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Nuba Mts. Prov. +(Khor Ganna near Kadugli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: +Tuhami’s Zariba); Mongalla Prov. (Lado Dist.: Yambi Khor).</p> + +<p class="p3">Poisonous, but can be rendered edible by pounding and +washing.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn779-7" title="Dioscorea"><span class= +"taxon bold">D. phaseoloides</span> <em>Pax.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Unarmed twiner. Leaves 3-fol.; end leaflet oblong, 2½ +in. long. Male fl. in fascicled axillary spikes; fem. fl. and fr. +unknown.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Gumango +Hill).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn779-8" title="Dioscorea"><span class= +"taxon bold">D. (Helmia) beccariana</span> <em>Martelli f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Unarmed twiner. Leaves 5-fol.; leaflets obovate or +oblong 3-4 in. long. Male fl. in fascicled axillary spikes. Fem. +fl. in long lax spikes. Caps. oblong, acutely 3-angled, ¾ in. long; +seeds with long oblong basal wing.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="commelinace"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_387">[387]</span>COMMELINACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn780"><span class= +"sn">780</span><span class="taxon bold">Palisota +Schweinfurthii</span> <em>C. B. Ce.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb 3-7 ft. long; young parts shaggy with fulvous or +greyish hairs. Leaves whorled up to 26 by 8 in., elliptic, densely +hairy on the margin. Flowers in a dense cylindric panicle, very +numerous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Boddo R. & +Nabambisso R.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn781"><span class= +"sn">781</span><span class="taxon bold">Commelina nudiflora</span> +<em>Linn.</em> BE-EID (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Marsh herb; stems decumbent, 1-2 ft. long. Leaves +alt., 1-3 in. long, lanceolate; sheaths 1-2 in. long. Infl. of 2 +racemes enclosed in a folded ovate-lanceolate, ½-2 in. long spathe; +fl. 1-3 in the lower and 3-8 in upper rac.; sep. 3; pet. 3, 2 with +long claws, blue; sta. 2-3 perfect, 2-3 sterile; seeds 5, +reticulated.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov.; Darfur +Prov. (Kulme 3,600 ft. & J. Marra 4-5,500 ft.); Bahr El Jebel (Sudd +from southwards); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="p3">It is said to be medicinal and to be eaten by +cattle.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn781-2" title="Commelina"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. subulata</span> <em>Roth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Weak herb 6-15 in. long. Leaves 2 in. long, linear. +Spathes nearly sessile, ½ in. long ovate. Fl. blue, hardly exserted +from spathe; seeds 5, pitted and wrinkled.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Kordofan Prov. +(Abu Garad).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn781-3" title="Commelina"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. benghalensis</span> <em>Linn.</em> BAYAD (Meshra El +Zeraf)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Hairy herb, 1-3 ft. long. Leaves ovate-elliptic 1-3½ +in. long; spathes subsessile, funnel-shaped by lower margins being +connate ⅓ in., ½-⅔ in. long, crowded near tips of branches; seeds +5, rough or wrinkled.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Soturba, near Suakin, Khor +Tamanib); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s +Post); Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); Mongalla Prov. +(Mongalla).</p> + +<p class="p3">The fleshy rhizomes sometimes contain much starch and +are wholesome food when cooked.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn781-4" title="Commelina"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. Forskalæi</span> <em>Vahl.</em> DUEID (Meshra El +Zeraf)—Arab; NIOK (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka.</p> + +<p class="p2">Pubescent branched herb, 8-24 in. long. Leaves +oblong, up to 2 in. long. Spathes ½-⅔ in. long, funnel-shaped on +ped. up to ⅓ in. long. Pet. blue; seeds 1-3, smooth.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Wadi Erkowit, Suakin, Sea-coast +to between 3,000-4,000 ft.); Kassala Prov. Gallabat); Fung Prov. +(Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (Bir Sodari, J. Kurbaj, El Obeid); +White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El +Zeraf).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn781-5" title="Commelina"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_388">[388]</span><span class="taxon bold">C. +africana</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous trailing herb, 1-3 ft. long. Leaves up to 3 +in., oblong subsessile. Spathes 1-2 in. long, folded, ovate on ped. +up to ⅔ in. long. Pet. yellow; seeds reticulated.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso +River, Makporru Hill).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn781-6" title="Commelina"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. involucrosa</span> <em>A. Rich.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Large herb. Leaves 1½-5 in. long, lanceolate, +pubescent. Spathes 2½ in. long, simply folded; ped. 1 in. long. Fl. +probably yellow.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Khor Tamanib).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn781-7" title="Commelina"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. krebsiana</span> <em>Kunth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves hairy on both sides when mature, otherwise as +<i>C. africana</i>.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (near Erkowit); Upper White Nile Prov. +(mouth of Bahr El Jebel).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn781-8" title="Commelina"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. Kotschyi</span> <em>Hassk.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous herb. Leaves 2 in. long, lin.-lanceolate, +subsessile, often crenulated. Spathes subsessile, ½-⅔ in. long, +broadly ovate, 1-3 near ends of branches. Pet. intensely blue. +Caps. small, constricted; seeds smooth, brown.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Wau).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn781-9" title="Commelina"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. imberbis</span> <em>Hassk.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, 1-2 ft. high; internodes 2-3 in. long. Leaves +narrow- to ovate-lanceolate, 5 in. long, the upper sessile, often +auricled at base. Ped. few, scattered, exserted ½-1½ in. Spathes +broadly ovate, ab. 1 in. long, margins free or nearly so. Pet. +blue. Caps. ¼ in. long; seeds 4, nearly smooth, brown.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Roseires).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn781-10" title="Commelina"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. latifolia</span> <em>A. Rich.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Slightly hairy herb; internodes long. Leaves +obl.-lanc., sessile, upper cordate or nearly sagittate, 3½ in. +long. Ped. 1-2 at top of branch, exserted ½-1 in.; spathes broadly +ovate, ¾ in. long, margins shortly connate at base. Pet. blue. +Caps. ¼ in. long; seeds 4, nearly smooth, brown.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (Abu Haraza).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn781-11" title="Commelina"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. bracteosa</span> <em>Hassk.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Slightly hairy herb, 15 in. high; internodes 2 in. +long. Leaves elliptic-acuminate, 3½ in. long. Ped. 1-2 at ends of +branches, slightly exserted; spathes broadly ovate, ab. 1 in. long, +slightly white-hairy, margins connate at base. Pet. blue. Caps. ⅙ +in. long, papery; seeds 3.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambe).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn781-12" title="Commelina"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. æthiopica</span> <em>C. B. Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tufted herb, 8-14 in. high; internodes 1-2½ in. long. +Leaves broadly obl.-lanc., 3½ in. long. Ped. 1-2 at ends of +branches, hardly exserted; spathes and fl. as above. Caps. +2-seeded.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_389">[389]</span>Upper +White Nile Prov. (Barboi); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, Jur Ghattas, +Kutshuk Ali’s Zariba).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn782"><span class= +"sn">782</span><span class="taxon bold">Aneilema sinicum</span> +<em>Lindl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb; stems 1-3 ft. long. Leaves linear, 8-10 in. +long, ¼ in. broad. Infl. a cymose panicle, subtended by a bract +(not spathe) ½-2 in. long, lin.-lanc. Sep. 3, minute; pet. 3, blue +or dull purple, ¼ in. long or more; sta. 6, 2 fertile; filam. +bearded at base. Caps. 1/5 in. long; seeds 6.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Agad Zariba, Wau); +Mongalla Prov. (Bor southwards).</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">var.</span> (β) <span class= +"taxon bold">longifolia</span> <em>C. B. Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p4">Rather larger in all parts; fertile sta. sometimes +3.</p> + +<p class="p4">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas; +Niamniam-land: Sway River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn782-2" title="Aneilema"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. tacazzeanum</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Weak decumbent herb, 1-2 ft. long. Leaves elliptic, 3 +in. long. Fl. in terminal cymose panicles; bracts minute, ovate. +Pet. probably yellow; filam. bearded at base; seeds 2-6.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Khor Gwob).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn782-3" title="Aneilema"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. beniniense</span> <em>Kunth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Trailing herb, 1-2 ft. long. Leaves ovate-elliptic or +obl., acuminate, 2-5 in. long. Fl. in 1-2 terminal panicles; cyme +peduncles often 100 or more. Pet. very small, blue or white; +fertile sta. usually 3, filam. without hairs; seeds 5-7.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Linduku +River & Nabambisso River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn782-4" title="Aneilema"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>C. B. Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Minutely pubescent herb; stems 8-14 in. high. Leaves +on barren stems obl.-lin., 4½ in. long but on flowering stems few, +oblong, 1-2 in. long. Pan. terminal, dense, pubescent, at length 1¼ +by ¾ in.; bracts and bracteoles small. Pet. small, blue. Caps. +nearly ¼ in. long, white; 4 seeded.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas; Bongo: Gir. +Khor Ajok, between Wau & Chakchak).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn782-5" title="Aneilema"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. near A. soudanicum</span> <em>C. B. +Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Hispid herb, up to 15 in. high. Leaves obl. or +elliptic-lanc., sessile, obtuse, 3 in. long, lowest reduced to +scales. Pan. dense, 1½ by ¾ in. terminal; bracts ⅙ in. long, +bracteoles smaller. Pet. white or pale blue.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Bor).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn782-6" title="Aneilema"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. pedunculosum</span> <em>C. B. Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Weak, trailing, sparsely hairy herb; stems 6-24 in. +long. Leaves elliptic or ovate, acuminate, 2 in. long. Pan. +terminal, small, frequently on short lateral branches; sep. minute; +pet. very small, blue; fertile sta. usually 3, filam. slightly +bearded. Caps. 1/5 in. long, shining, pale; seeds 4, pale.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambe).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn782-7" title="Aneilema"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_390">[390]</span><span class="taxon bold">A. +Russegeri</span> <em>C. B. Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Much like <i>A. Schweinfurthii</i>.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Fung Prov. (Fazoghli).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn783"><span class= +"sn">783</span><span class="taxon bold">Cyanotis hirsuta</span> +<em>Fisch.</em> & <em>Mey.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stems from a bulb; flowers in small heads exserted +from the leaf-sheaths; leaves oblong-lanceolate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Karora Hills).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn783-2" title="Cyanotis"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. lanata</span> <em>Benth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual with fine woolly hair when young; stems 4-18 +in. long. Leaves narrowly obl.-lanc.; up to 3 in. long. Infl. +scattered, axillary and peduncled, of 1-4 clustered scorpioid cymes +ab. ½ in. diam.; outermost bract usually ½-1 in. long; bracts +falcate, in 2 rows or densely packed. Sep. 3, more or less connate +at base; pet. 3, small, blue (?), the claws more or less coherent +into a tube; sta. 6, perfect; filam. bearded. Caps. thin, 3-celled; +seeds 5-6.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Bongo: Gurfala).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn783-3" title="Cyanotis"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. djurensis</span> <em>C. B. Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb with white wool on young parts; sterile stem +short, bearing linear leaves up to 10 in. by ½ in.; flowering stems +12-20 in. long with linear leaves 6 in. long when present. Heads of +several clustered cymes; outer bracts to terminal heads 2-3 in. +long, linear; bracts distinctly 2-ranked; fl. blue.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (Kulme 3,600 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Bor).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn783-4" title="Cyanotis"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. Cæspitosa</span> <em>Kotschy</em> & +<em>Peyr.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, at first villous, then glabrate; sterile stems +abrupt; basal leaves tufted, obl.-lanc., 3 in. long, shaggy at +base. Leaves on flowering stems 0-1 (besides floral leaves) reduced +to sheaths with a triangular point. Fl. heads hardly ½ in. long of +1 or few cymes; outer bracts ½-1 in. long; falcate bracts 2-seriate +in cymes, hairy. Fl. red.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn784"><span class= +"sn">784</span><span class="taxon bold">Floscopa rivularis</span> +<em>C. B. Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Decumbent herb; stems 1-2 ft. long. Leaves +obl.-lanc., sessile on sheaths 2-4 in. long. Panicle 1-2½ in. long, +dense, brown-hairy, terminal. Sep. 3; pet. 3, purple or rose; sta. +6; filam.-naked; caps. 2-valved, 2-seeded, small.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land); Mongalla Prov. +(Bor).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn784-2" title="Floscopa"><span class= +"taxon bold">F. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>C. B. Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Thinly hairy annual, 6-8 in. high. Leaves +ovate-lanc., sessile, 2 in. long. Pan. terminal, leafy; cymes 1½ +in. long, hairy, dense. Caps. minute. Colour of fl. not known, +probably yellow.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Sabbi and Kulengo).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn784-3" title="Floscopa"><span class= +"taxon bold">F. flavida</span> <em>C. B. Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Slightly hairy annual, 2-5 in. high. Leaves lanc., +sessile, 2½ in.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_391">[391]</span> +long. Pan. terminal, slender; cymes few, ½-1½ in. long. Cal. +purple; cor. yellow. Caps. small.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Agada, Jur Ghattas, Abu +Gurun’s Zariba).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="amaryllidace">AMARYLLIDACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn785"><span class= +"sn">785</span><span class="taxon bold">Hypoxis angustifolia</span> +<em>Lam.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tuberous-rooted herb. Leaves 6-12, radical, 6-12 in. +long. Ped. 1-4, shorter than leaves. Corymbs lax 2-6 flowered; per. +yellow, ⅓ in. long, 3 outer segm. green and hairy outside; sta. 6; +stigmas 3; ovary inferior, 3-celled, as in all this family.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn785-2" title="Hypoxis"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. sp.</span> +</p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves few, linear, 9-12 in. long, 1/5 in. broad, +3-nerved, thinly pilose. Flower (only 1 seen) ⅓ in. long, +long-pilose outside; segments yellow, ovate-lanceolate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River: Kagulu).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn786"><span class= +"sn">786</span><span class="taxon bold">Curculigo +gallabatensis</span> <em>Schweinfth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb; tuber 2 in. long. Leaves 3-4, linear, plicate, +1-2 ft. long. Fl. solitary; per. superior, base adnate to ovary, +produced into a beak-like tube, 2 in. long; segm. 6, yellow, +spreading, ab. ½ in. long, the 3 outer lobes reddish and hairy +outside; sta. 6; stig. 3, united.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: banks of the River Gendua); +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas and by the River Wau); +Mongalla Prov. (Gemeiza).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn787"><span class= +"sn">787</span><span class="taxon bold">Crinum tinneanum</span> +<em>Kotschy</em> & <em>Peyr.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Bulbed herb; leaves not known. Fl. 12-30 in an umbel, +rose-red; spathes 2-3 in. long; per. tube 3 in. long; segm. 6, +linear, spreading, 1½ in. long; sta. 6, filiform; anthers +versatile; stigma capitate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (main-river); Bahr El Jebel +(Gondokoro).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn787-2" title="Crinum"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. purpurascens</span> <em>Herb.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Bulbed herb. Leaves numerous, strap-shaped, 1½-3 ft. +long. Ped. shorter than leaves; fl. 4-6 in an umbel, red; spathes +2-3 in. long; per. tube 5-6 in. long; segm. 2-3 in. long, +lanceolate; sta. 6, filaments 2-3 in. long, purple; style capitate, +longer than stamens.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (between Wau and Deim +Zubeir.)</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn787-3" title="Crinum"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. ammocharoides</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves 6-8 to a bulb, 1 ft. long, 1 in. broad. Ped. +stout, compressed, 3-6 in. long, bearing an umbel of 10-20 +bright-red flowers; spathes 2-3 in. long; per. tube 3-4 in. long; +segm. linear, 2-3 in. long; sta. 6, filaments bright red, 2-3 in. +long; style capitate, rather longer.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (Obeid); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: +Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn787-4" title="Crinum"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_392">[392]</span><span class="taxon bold">C. +pauciflorum</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Bulb 2-3 in. diam. Leaves 6-8, 12-18 in. long, only ¼ +in. broad, erect. Ped. slender, 6-8 in. long; fl. 1-2 to an umbel; +spathe valves 2-3 in. long. Per. tube curved, 4-5 in. long; segm. 3 +in. long, 1 in. broad, acute, white with a distinct red keel. +Filaments 1 in. shorter than per. segm.; anthers ½ in. long; style +overtopping anthers.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn787-5" title="Crinum"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. scabrum</span> <em>Herb.</em> LANGABO—Golo.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bulb 5-6 in. diam. Leaves 12 or more, 2-3 ft. long, +1½-2 in. broad at middle, scabrous at margin. Ped. fairly stout, +1-2 ft. long; umbel 4-8 flowered; spathe valves 2-3 in. long. Per. +tube curved, greenish, 4-5 in. long; segm. ab. 3 in. long, 1 in. +broad, acute, white with a distinct red keel; filam. rather shorter +than and style reaching tip of per. segm.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung. Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (El +Obeid); Darfur Prov. (Kulme and J. Marra, 5,000 ft.); Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Bongo: Gir).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn787-6" title="Crinum"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. giganteum</span> <em>Andr.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Differs from above by leaves 3-4 in. broad in middle +and narrowing to the base and by the pure white flowers.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (between +Rumbek and Shambé); Mongalla Prov. (Bor).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn788"><span class= +"sn">788</span><span class="taxon bold">Hæmanthus +multiflorus</span> <em>Martyn.</em> GASH-EL-FIL—Arab; OU—Golo.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bulb 2-3 in. diam. Leaves 3-4, 6-12 in. long, 3-4 in. +broad. Ped. separate from the leafy stem; fl. in dense globose +umbels, 3-6 in. diam., blood-red; spathe-valves 6-8, 2 in. long. +Per. tube cylindric, ½ in. long; segm. linear, 3-nerved, 1 in. +long; filam. longer than per. segm.; fruit a scarlet berry.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov.; Darfur +Prov.; Bahr El Jebel.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn788-2" title="Haemanthus"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. filiflorus</span> <em>Hiern.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Differs from above chiefly by broader leaves, 5-6 in. +broad and 1-nerved per. segments.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir, Jur: Jur +Ghattas, Dar Fertit: Pongo River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn788-3" title="Haemanthus"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. rupestris</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Bulb small. Leaves 2, 6 in. long, 4 in. broad. Spathe +valves 4-5, reddish, 1½ in. long; per. segm. 3-nerved, ½ in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (Melbes).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn789"><span class= +"sn">789</span><span class="taxon bold">Pancratium tortuosum</span> +<em>Herb.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Bulb long-necked, 2 in. diam. Leaves 6-12, 6-12 in. +long, spirally twisted. Ped. very short; umbel 2-4 flowered; spathe +valve 1. Per. tube 5-6 in. long; segm. linear, white. Filam. +connate into a cup 1 in. long, toothed between the filam. tips, all +white.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Erkowit, between Suakin +and Khor Tamanib).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn789-2" title="Pancratium"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_393">[393]</span><span class="taxon bold">P. +trianthum</span> <em>Herb.</em> ATTAB—Golo.</p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves 6-8, 12 in. or more, not twisted. Umbel of 1-3 +flowers; spathe valves and teeth of staminal cup bifid, otherwise +as above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Red Sea Prov.; +Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas and Jur +Aweit); Bahr El Jebel.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn789-3" title="Pancratium"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. maximum</span> <em>Forsk.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves 4-5. Ped. 1-flowered; per. tube greenish, 4 +in. long; segm. 2½ in., white; cup 2 in. long, faintly lobed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Suakin).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="iridace">IRIDACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn790"><span class= +"sn">790</span><span class="taxon bold">Lapeyrousia +abyssinica</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb with bulbous stem (corm), 6-12 in. high. Leaves +3-4, distichous, 3-6 in. long. Spikes lax 2-6 flowered; per. +corolline, lilac, 6-lobed, ¾ in. long; sta. 3, ⅓ in. long; ovary +inferior, 3-celled; style 3-branched, branches bifid.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn791"><span class= +"sn">791</span><span class="taxon bold">Tritonia bongensis</span> +<em>Pax.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Cormed herb; stem 1 ft. long. Leaves 2, distichous, 1 +ft. long. Spikes lax, 3-6 in. long; per. red-purple; tube ⅓ in. +long; segm. 6, oblong, clawed, ¼ in. long; sta. 3; style +3-branched, branches simple, clavate; ovary inferior.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo; Lessi River); S.E. +Sudan.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn792"><span class= +"sn">792</span><span class="taxon bold">Gladiolus +quartinianus</span> <em>A. Rich.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Cormed herb, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves distichous 3-4, 18 +in. long. Spikes 6-12 in. long, 6-9 flowered; spathe ab. 2 in. +long; per. blood-red, more commonly pale-yellow; tube 1½ in. long; +segm. 6, 2 in. long and 1 in. broad; sta. 3; style branches 3, +spreading, flattened; ovary inferior.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Darfur Prov. (Kulme 3,600 +ft.); Upper White Nile Prov. (Kio); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur +Ghattas, Niamniam-land: Gumango Hill); Bahr El Jebel.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn792-2" title="Gladiolus"><span class= +"taxon bold">G. unguiculatus</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb with 2-3 sheathing leaves, 18 in. long. Per. 1¼ +in. long, white, tinged with greenish-brown; segm. clawed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Bongo: +south-west of Tonj River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn793"><span class= +"sn">793</span><span class="taxon bold">Romulea Bulbocodium</span> +<em>Seb.</em> & <em>Mauri.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small crocus-like herb with membranous truncated +bulb-scales; leaves linear, recurved; flowers blue-purplish with +yellow anthers; common in the Mediterranean region.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit, 4,000 ft.).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="zingiberace">ZINGIBERACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn794"><span class= +"sn">794</span><span class="taxon bold">Kæmpferia æthiopica</span> +<em>Benth.</em> TONYANGWI (Bahr El Ghazal)—Dinka; KAMUTWEN—Jur.</p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, the handsome solitary flowers appearing out of +the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_394">[394]</span> ground before +the leaves. Leaves 3-5, oblong-lanceolate, 9-18 in. long. Calyx +funnel-shaped, 1½ in. long; cor. tube exserted from calyx, lobes +lanceolate, 1½ in. long, lilac-coloured; fertile sta. 1, anther ½ +in. long; staminodes 5, petaloid, ab. 3 in. long, bright +red-purple; ovary 3-celled.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Gendua River); Fung Prov.; +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Dar Fertit: between Chak +Chak & Deim Zubeir); Mongalla Prov. (Bor).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn794-2" title="Kaempferia"><span class= +"taxon bold">K. rosea</span> <em>Schweinf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Flowers pink or lilac with yellow and deep purple +streaks, many on a raceme, contemporary with the leaves.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (Kulme); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur +Ghattas, Niamniam-land: Gumango Hill); Mongalla Prov. (Bor).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn795"><span class= +"sn">795</span><span class="taxon bold">Cadalvena +spectabilis</span> <em>Fenzl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Acaulescent herb with leaves in a rosette and few +pale-yellow fl., 3 in. long, on short stalks from the centre. Calyx +funnel-shaped, shortly toothed; cor. lobes 3, lanceolate, 2 in. +long; fertile stamen shorter than cor. lobes; anther ½ in. with +pale yellow strap-shaped appendage; side staminodes small, anterior +one (lip) 3 in. long, pale yellow.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr +El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn796"><span class= +"sn">796</span><span class="taxon bold">Costus pterometra</span> +<em>Schumann.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">A tall herb. Leaves obovate or oblanceolate, acute, +acuminate, about 8 in. long and 3½ in. broad. Spikes ellipsoid, 3 +in. long. Bracts elliptic.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso +River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn796-2" title="Costus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. trachyphyllus</span> <em>Schumann.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall herb. Leaves oblong ab. 1 ft. long. Spikes +many-flowered, 3 in. long, terminal; outer bracts orbicular, 1¼ in. +diam., inner oblong, membranous. Cal. funnel-shaped, ½ in. long; +cor. lobes oblong, 1½ in. long; fertile sta. 2 in. long petaloid, +anther ¼ in., half-way down; lateral staminodes minute, 2 or +absent; lip obovate 3 in. long white or tipped rose; style +filiform, passing between lobes of anther, as in most others of +this family.</p> + +<p class="p2">Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Mbrwole & Yuru +Rivers).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn797"><span class= +"sn">797</span><span class="taxon bold">Amomum polyanthum</span> +<em>Schumann.</em> AKORI—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Stem tall, leafy. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, 1 ft. or +more, pilose beneath. Fl. in a globose head on a basal peduncle +6-12 in. long, with large, imbricate bracts. Cal. funnel-shaped, +slit one side; cor. tube cylindrical, dorsal lobe boat-shaped, +lateral lanceolate spreading; lateral staminodes 0; lip oblong +purplish-yellow 1 in. long: fertile anther with 3-lobed crest; +filaments filiform.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Linduku River); +Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Diamvonu Stream).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn797-2" title="Amomum"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_395">[395]</span><span class="taxon bold">A. +luteo-album</span> <em>Schumann.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leafy herb with stout root-stock; leaves hairy on +veins. Much as above; lip white with yellow middle.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso +River); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Wando Village).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn797-3" title="Amomum"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. sanguineum</span> <em>Schumann.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stem up to 15 ft. high. Leaves 1½ in. long, pubescent +beneath. Infl. globose, simple or branched, radical; fl. enclosed +in large brown bracts; dorsal cor. lobe bright red, 1½ in. long; +lip pale yellow, 1½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso +River); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Assika & Nabanda & Yuru +Rivers).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn797-4" title="Amomum"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. Korarima</span> <em>Pereira.</em> HABAHAN—Arab; +?NONGA—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fruit flask-shaped 2 in. long, flattened one one +side, glabrous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Found in Abyssinia, on the Upper Sobat, from where +its fruit is exported to the Sudan as a kind of Cardamom. It is +said to be found also in the Southern B. El Ghazal Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn797-5" title="Amomum"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. giganteum</span> <em>Oliv.</em> & +<em>Hamb.</em></p> + +<p>Stems 15-20 ft. Leaves up to 2 ft. long and 6 in. broad. +Flowering stem radical, 2 ft. long; flower spikes distichous +enclosed in bracts; cor. lobes 2 in. long; lip 3 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Sabbi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn797-6" title="Amomum"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. spp.</span> +</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Belgian Congo +(Niamniam-land: Atasilli River & Yuru River).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="marantace">MARANTACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn798"><span class= +"sn">798</span><span class="taxon bold">Thalia geniculata</span> +<em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, up to 6 ft. high. Leaves with long petioles, +sheathing the stem at the base, blades up to 1 ft. long and 6 in. +broad. Infl. in a large lax panicle; bracts oblong, ½-1 in. long +enclosing pairs of flowers; sep. 3, small; pet. 3, purple; +staminodes violet, longer than petals; lip obovate, purple, +crested; anther 1-celled on a narrow lobe.</p> + +<p class="p2">Sobat River (Nasser); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur +Ghattas, Niamniam-land: Gumango Hill).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn799"><span class= +"sn">799</span><span class="taxon bold">Clinogyne cuspidata</span> +<em>K. Schum.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stems branched and leafy up to 12 ft. high. Leaves 1 +ft. or more by 6 in., pinnately streaked with white, cuspidate, +with sheathing pet. Panicles copious: flowers in pairs, one on a +longer pedicel; sep. 3, ⅓ in. long; pet. 3; staminodes united in a +tube at the base, ⅔ in. long, yellow or purple; lip obovate, keeled +inside; sta. 1, anther 1-celled.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Belgian +Congo (Niamniam-land: Diagbe River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn799-2" title="Clinogyne"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. ugandensis</span> <em>K. Schum.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stems moderately stout. Leaves grey-green, 4-6 in. +long,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_396">[396]</span> cusp +eccentric; pet. sheath 5 in. long. Fl. much as above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River District, Doka’s).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn799-3" title="Clinogyne"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. azurea</span> <em>Schum.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stems tufted. Leaves 4-8 in. long, lower ones reduced +to sheaths, cusp very acute. Bracts 2-flowered, 1 in. or more long; +fl. bright blue, 1 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Wando’s village).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn800"><span class= +"sn">800</span><span class="taxon bold">Trachyphrynium +Braunianum</span> <em>Baker.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall shrub with slender branchlets. Leaves oblong, +cuspidate, 3-6 in. long; sheaths 2-4 in. long. Infl. terminal, +simple; bracts oblong-lanceolate, 1 in. long, enclosing pairs of +whitish flowers, 1 in. long; sep. 3, lanceolate, ½ in. long; pet. +3, connate at base; staminodes connate, 1 in. long; lip broad +obliquely crested; sta. ligulate, anther adnate, 1-celled.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso +River); Mongalla Prov. (Lado); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: +Mbrwole & Atassili Brook).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="musace">MUSACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn801"><span class= +"sn">801</span><span class="taxon bold">Musa Schweinfurthii</span> +<em>K. Schum.</em> et <em>Warb.</em> Niamnian-land.</p> + +<p class="syn"><span class="taxon bold">M. Ensete</span> +<em>Gmel.</em> BOGGUMBOLI or BOO—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Plant 30-40 ft. high with a stem ventricose at base +and a plume of leaves up to 20 ft. long and 3 ft. broad. Fl. in +terminal spicate panicles, unisexual; peduncle short; flowering +panicle short; bracts densely imbricate, dark-brown, the lower 1 +ft. long, 4-5 in. broad. Fl. whitish 1½-2 in. long, in 2 dense +rows, each of up to 20 flowers. Fruit 2-3 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land); Bahr El Jebel +(Madi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn801-2" title="Musa"><span class= +"taxon bold">M. paradisiaca</span> <em>Linn.</em> <span class= +"taxon bold">subsp. sapientum</span> <em>O. Ktze.</em> SHAGAR EL +MUZ—Arab; FATH—Nuer; BEDIGAWA (tall plant with long triangular +fruit), BIRA (medium-sized) & TINGI-TINGI (dwarf plant)—Zande. The +Banana Plant.</p> + +<p class="p2">Cultivated.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="orchidace">ORCHIDACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn802"><span class= +"sn">802</span><span class="taxon bold">Microstylis sp.</span> +</p> + +<p class="p2">Herb about 6 in. high. Leaves 2 or 3, ovate, acute, +2-3 in. long, 1-1½ in. broad, 5-nerved at the base. Peduncle with 3 +or 4 bracts. Flowers subcapitate, flesh-coloured, transparent. Lip +bilobed, slightly fringed, ⅙ in. broad.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River District: Ngoi).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn803"><span class= +"sn">803</span><span class="taxon bold">Megaclinium sp.</span> +</p> + +<p class="p2">Epiphyte on tree trunks. Pseudobulbs sessile in the +axil, 2 in. long. Leaves lanceolate, emarginate, 4 in. long, 1 in. +broad. Inflorescence about 1 ft. long. Rhachis 8 in. long, ⅓ in. +broad. Flowers sessile, about 30 in each inflorescence.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River District).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn804"><span class= +"sn">804</span><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_397">[397]</span><span class="taxon bold">Eulophia +lutea</span> <em>Lindl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Ground orchid with corm.-like base. Leaves +distichous, usually plicate, linear to elliptic-lanceolate. Fl. +scapes ab. 1 ft. long; racemes lax; bracts lanceolate, ¼ in. long; +3 sepals and 2 yellow petals ¼ in. long; lip oblong, 3-lobed; spur +oblong 1/10 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River District; Kagulu Khor).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn804-2" title="Eulophia"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. baginsensis</span> <em>Reichb. f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Ground orchid with conical pseudobulbs. Leaves +ensiform 1-2 ft. long, 2 in. broad, crenulate. Scape 3 ft. high, +panicled above; bracts ovate lanceolate ¼ in. long. Sep. 3 and pet. +2 (as in all this family, excluding the lip); lip oblong, 3-lobed; +front lobe rhomboid 3-many-toothed; spur shorter than ovary.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn804-3" title="Eulophia"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. stachyodes</span> <em>Reichb. f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Ground orchid. Leaves lanceolate-acuminate, 5-10 in. +long, appearing after the fl. Scapes 2 ft. high; racemes 6 in. +long, many flowered; bracts lanceolate, ¾ in. long, green and +purple; pet. white, ¾ in. long; lip white with maroon streaks, +3-lobed; spur curved, 1/10 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Yubbo River); +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River District: Ngoi); Belgian Congo +(Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn804-4" title="Eulophia"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. flavopurpurea</span> <em>Rolfe.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Ground orchid. Leaves elongate-linear, under ½ in. +broad. Scape 2¼ ft. high; raceme 1 ft. long, few-flowered; petals +yellowish-green, ¾ in. long; lip ligulate, 3-fid, striped purple; +spur retrose, yellow at apex, small.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn804-5" title="Eulophia"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. Woodfordii</span> <em>Rolfe.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Ground orchid with tuberous rhizome. Leaves +lanceolate, 8-18 in. long, tapering to sheathing petiole. Scapes up +to 3 ft. high; racemes 6-15 in. long with many greenish and light +lilac flowers; sep. ¾ in. long, pet. a little shorter; lip ¾ in. +long, somewhat trilobed, with 4 tubercles; spur broadly +saccate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River District: Allumas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn804-6" title="Eulophia"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Kraenzl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Ground orchid. Leaves elongate-linear. Scapes 2 ft. +high; racemes few-flowered; sep. ¼ in. long, orbicular; pet. ¼ in. +long, ligulate; lip 3-lobed, 3-ridged; spur stout, conical.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn804-7" title="Eulophia"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. guineensis</span> <em>Lindl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Terrestrial orchid, with large conical pseudobulbs. +Leaves lanceolate- or obovate-oblong, 4-12 in. long; pet. ½-5 in. +long. Scapes 2-3 ft. long; racemes 8-12 in. long, many-flowered; +sep. and pet. 1-1½ in. long, brown; lip pink, ovate; spur ¾-1 in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land & Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn804-8" title="Eulophia"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_398">[398]</span><span class="taxon bold">E. sp. +near E. Zeyheri</span> <em>Sond.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect herb about 1½ ft. high. Leaves not seen. +Flowers few, beautiful light yellow with brown lip.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei, Ngoi).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn805"><span class= +"sn">805</span><span class="taxon bold">Lissochilus +pyrophilus</span> <em>Reichb.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">In this genus all are terrestrial herbs with elongate +lanceolate or linear, plicate leaves, rising from a creeping +rhizome. In this sp.: scape 18 in. high; racemes 6-10 in. laxly +many flowered; fl. brown, sep. and pet. ¼ in. long; lip 1/5 in. +long, 3-lobed; spur minute.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (near Kuraggera).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn805-2" title="Lissochilus"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. paludicolus</span> <em>Reichb. f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves 1½-2 ft. long, ½ in. broad. Scape 3 ft. long; +raceme 10 in. long, laxly many yellow-flowered; sep. and pet. ½ in. +long; lip obscurely 3-lobed, with 3 crenulate ridges; spur saccate, +¼ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Ibba River); Bahr El Jebel.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn805-3" title="Lissochilus"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. Millsonii</span> <em>Rolfe.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Scape 2-2½ ft. long; raceme 6-8 in. long; sep. and +pet. ab. 1 in. long, cream-coloured; lip chocolate-coloured +3-lobed, with 5-9 crenulate ridges; spur ab. ⅙ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Kagulu).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn805-4" title="Lissochilus"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. purpuratus</span> <em>Lindl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves 1-2 ft. long. Scape 3-4 ft. and raceme 9-12 +in. long, many flowered. Sep. and pet. faint-pink, ¾ in. long, +petals broader; lip 3-lobed, side lobes purplish brown, front lobe +lilac with 2-4 darker crenulate ridges; spur conical, 1/5 in. long, +pink.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Kutshook Ali, Dar Fertit: +Biselli, Niamniam-land); Mongalla Prov. (Bor).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn805-5" title="Lissochilus"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. arenarius</span> <em>Lindl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves 1-1½ ft. long, ½ in. broad, appearing after +flowers. Scapes 2-3 ft. high, racemes 4-8 in., 6-10 flowers. Fl. +purple with greenish sepals; sep. ¾-1¼ in. long, lanceolate; pet. +same length, broad-elliptic; lip ab. same length; broadly pandurate +3-lobed, with thickened crenulate median nerve; spur ab. ⅓ in. +long, yellow inside.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land); Mongalla Prov. (Yei +River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn805-6" title="Lissochilus"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. Roscheri</span> <em>Reichb. f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Fl. small lilac, probably a small form of above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, Bongo: Gafal River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn805-7" title="Lissochilus"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. porphyroglossus</span> <em>Reichb. f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves long petioled, 3½ ft. long, 1¾ in. broad. +Scapes tall; racemes 1 ft. long, many-flowered; sep. lanceolate, 1 +in. long; pet. suborbicular, ab. 1 in., pale lilac: lip 3-lobed, 1¼ +in. long, purple with 3-5 crenulate ridges; spur ⅓ in. conical.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Hoo River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn805-8" title="Lissochilus"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_399">[399]</span><span class="taxon bold">L. +Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Reichb. f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves 18 in. or more. Scapes tall, racemes 1 ft., +many-flowered; sep. ovate-oblong, 1 in.; pet. suborbicular, +slightly longer; lip suborbicular, undulate, 1 in. long, with 3, +dividing into 5, ridges; spur ⅓ in. conical, curved.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Tuhami’s +Zariba).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn805-9" title="Lissochilus"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. orthoplectrus</span> <em>Reichb. f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Scape 2 ft. high; raceme lax many-flowered. Fl. +brown, striped with purple. Sep. triangular; pet. elliptical, ab. ½ +in.; lip 3-lobed, front lobe ligulate, 5-ridged; spur conical, +straight, ab. ¼ in.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: north of Uzze +River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn805-10" title="Lissochilus"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. Wakefieldii</span> <em>Reichb. f.</em> & <em>S. +Moore.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves 4-5, about 12 in. long. Scapes 2-4 ft. long; +raceme ab. 1 ft., laxly many-flowered; sep. ovate-oblong, ⅓ in. +long, green; pet. broad-ovate, ¾ in. bright yellow; lip +pandurate-oblong, ¾ in. long with 3-yellow ridges, spur conical, +ab. ¼ in.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Bor to Gameiza).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn806"><span class= +"sn">806</span><span class="taxon bold">Tridactyle filifolia</span> +<em>Schlechter.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Epiphyte on rocks or trees. Stems terete, jointed, +rugose. Leaves very few, linear-acicular, acute, about 3½ in. long, +glabrous. Flowers white, with a slender spur ¼ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Lado: Rocks at Asugi (<em>Sillitoe</em> 146).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn807"><span class= +"sn">807</span><span class="taxon bold">Angræcum kotschyanum</span> +<em>Reichb. f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Epiphyte, 3-6 leaved. Leaves distichous +obovate-oblong 2-5 in. long. Racemes pendulous 9-15 in. long, +many-flowered; sep. elliptic-lanceolate, ½-1 in.; petals slightly +smaller; lip pandurate ½-1 in. long; spur curved 5-8 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli: near Kamamil); Mongalla Prov. +(Mongalla).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn807-2" title="Angraecum"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. sp.</span> +</p> + +<p class="p2">Epiphyte on <i>Landolphia owariensis</i> and other +trees; roots very numerous, straw-coloured, up to about 8 in. long. +Leaves oblanceolate, 6 in. long, with about 30 nerves. Flowers not +seen.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Chak-Chak & W. of Pongo +River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn808"><span class= +"sn">808</span><span class="taxon bold">Corymbis corymbosa</span> +<em>Thou.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall ground orchid; stem leafy. Leaves +elliptic-lanceolate, sheathing, 7-9 in. long. Panicles axillary; +fl. large white; sep. and pet. narrow below, somewhat dilated +above; lip erect, linear, channelled, apex recurved.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn809"><span class= +"sn">809</span><span class="taxon bold">Nervilia Kotschyi</span> +<em>Schlechter.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Terrestrial herb; rhizome tuberiferous. Leaves +appearing after flowers, variable in shape. Fl. racemose; sep and +pet. ligulate, greenish; lip white, oblong-flabellate, trifid at +apex.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn810"><span class= +"sn">810</span><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_400">[400]</span><span class="taxon bold">Habenaria +njamnjamica</span> <em>Kränzl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Terrestrial herb. Leaves 3-4, oblong or lanceolate, +ab. 1 in. long, sheathing. Racemes elongate 7 in. long; bracts +ovate, longer than fl.; dorsal sep., oblong, ¼ in. long, lateral +sep. deflexed; pet. bipartite, lobes linear-falcate; lip 3-partite, +⅓ in. long; spur inflated ⅓ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn810-2" title="Habenaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. armatissima</span> <em>Reichb. f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tuber large, over 1½ in. long; leaves 2, subopposite, +basal ovate-orbicular, 3-4 in. long, 4-5 in. broad; bracts ovate, +acuminate, ¾ in. long; flowers white.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn810-3" title="Habenaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. Bongensium</span> <em>Reichb. f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Ground orchid, growing in grass in moist places, 1 +ft. high. Leaves 5-10, ovate-lanceolate, cauline, 1-2½ in. long. +Scape 1 ft. high; raceme 6 in. dense; bracts lanceolate, ½ in.; +dorsal sep. elliptic, lateral oblong 3-nerved; pet. 2-partite, one +lobe very small; lip 3-partite, median lobe much longer; spur +curved ab. ⅓ in.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land, J. Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn810-4" title="Habenaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. Walleri</span> <em>Reichb. f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall ground orchid with brilliant green foliage +(Sillitoe), upper leaves oblong-linear reduced. Racemes with 4 +large white fl. on 3-4 in. long pedicels; bracts ovate, ab. 1½ in. +long; dorsal sep. ovate, hooded, ½ in. long, lateral +elliptic-oblong, ¾ in.; pet. 2-partite; lip 3-lobed, side-lobes 1 +in. long, front lobes shorter; spurs 3-4 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn810-5" title="Habenaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. cirrhata</span> <em>Reichb. f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Ground orchid with 2 in. long, oblong tuber and 3 in. +stem. Leaves 4-5, suborbicular, 2-3 in. long. Racemes few-flowered; +bracts oblong, 2 in. long; fl. large, white, vanilla-scented; +dorsal sep. oblong, ½ in. lateral deflexed, ¾ in.; pet. 2-partite, +posterior lobe linear, 1 in., anterior filiform, 3-4 in. long; lip +3-partite, lobes filiform, ab. 1 in. long; spur 5-8 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, among bushes).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn810-6" title="Habenaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. sp.</span> +</p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, about 1 ft. high, with two suborbicular leaves +at the base. Bracts large and membranous, about 1½ in. long, +venose. Spurs very slender, about 4 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River), Sillitoe 140.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn811"><span class= +"sn">811</span><span class="taxon bold">Brachycorythis +hispidula</span> <em>Schltr.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Densely leafy, velvety ground orchid, 1-2 ft. high. +Leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate decreasing from ab. 1 in. to +lanceolate, ½-1 in. long bracts. Racemes 3-8 in. long; fl. dense +white and purple; dorsal sep. elliptic-oblong, ¼ in., lateral +broader, oblique; pet. ovate, ¼ in. long; lip 3-lobed ⅓ in. long, +front lobe shorter, broadly triangular.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River District: Asugi & +Ngoi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn811-2" title="Brachycorythis"> +<span class="pagenum" id="Page_401">[401]</span><span class= +"taxon bold">B. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Reichb. f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leafy ground orchid, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves 2-3 in. +long, imbricate, cuneate, ligulate. Infl. spicate or racemose, +dense, 6 in. long; bracts linear-lanceolate, about as long as the +purple flowers; dorsal sep. elliptic, lateral axe-shaped; pet. +oblong, incurved; lip 3-lobed, side lobe semi-lunate, front lobe +triangular, minute; spur obtuse-angled.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: on Steppes).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn811-3" title="Brachycorythis"> +<span class="taxon bold">B. grandis, var. sudanica</span> +<em>Braid.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect herb, 2 ft. high; leafy from base. Leaves +lanceolate, very acute, 2 in. long, ½ in. broad, 3-nerved, +glabrous. Flowers pale pink. Spur very short.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Lado Dist.: Doka’s).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn812"><span class= +"sn">812</span><span class="taxon bold">Bonatea sudanensis</span> +<em>Rolfe.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Cauline leaves sessile, elliptic-oblong, 2½-4½ in. +long, 1¼ in. broad. Racemes 5-flowered; bracts 3 cm. long. Pedicel +and ovary 2 in. long. Spur 4 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn813"><span class= +"sn">813</span><span class="taxon bold">Platycoryne crocea</span> +<em>Rolfe.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Slender ground orchid, 1 ft. high. Leaves ab. 7, +cauline, lanceolate, ab. 1 in. long. Racemes 3-4 flowered, short; +bracts ovate-oblong, ¼-½ in.; fl. orange-buff; lateral sep. and +petals ovate-oblong, 1/5 in. long; dorsal sep. ovate, hooded; lip +3-lobed, side lobes minute, front lobe 1/5 in.; spur over ½ in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: south of the +Lessi River).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="palm">PALMÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn814"><span class= +"sn">814</span><span class="taxon bold">Phœnix dactylifera</span> +<em>Linn.</em> NAKHLA—Arab. The Date Palm.</p> + +<p class="p2">Cultivated, especially in the Northern parts of the +Sudan, for its fruit, which is called BALAH or TAMR by Arabs.</p> + +<p class="p3">The timber is used for beams and posts; mats, fans, +baskets and ropes are made from the leaves and crates and baskets +from the petioles. The tree yields a gum which is considered a +useful remedy for diarrhœa. A perfume is obtained by distillation, +from the spathes. Date sugar can be obtained from the juice tapped +from the stem, but at the expense of the fruit crop. (Male DAKAR, +female NITAYA, green date DUFFEIG or ROTAB, leave stalk GEREIDAH, +spathe AF, male flowers ARGUN, female ZABATA, seed NAWA)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn814-2" title="Phoenix"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. reclinata</span> <em>Jacq.</em> KINGE—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Much like a small date palm; stems 3-5 ft. high; +leaves 2-5 ft. long, midrib white-woolly underneath.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Genana & Jur Ghattas, near +Tonj & Southern B. El Ghazal).</p> + +<p class="p3">Fruit edible, leaves used for hats, mats, etc., and +the trunk for building.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn815"><span class= +"sn">815</span><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_402">[402]</span><span class="taxon bold">Raphia +Monbuttorum</span> <em>Drude.</em> NAKHL EL FARAUN—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Acaulescent, or stem up to 5 ft. long, densely +annulate; leaves in a terminal crown, large, pinnatisect. Infl. +monœcious; spadices branched, large, pendulous, cylindrical, +branches and branchlets compressed, the latter pectinately +arranged; fl. solitary in cup-shaped bracts, male at base and fem. +above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Okale).</p> + +<p class="p3">The stalks of the leaves, oval in section and 2 in. +by 1 in. thick, are used as carrying poles.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn816"><span class= +"sn">816</span><span class="taxon bold">Calamus Barteri</span> +<em>Becc.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Climbing palm, up to 50 ft. high; stem ab. 1 in. +thick. Leaves distant, equally pinnate, margins, midrib and nerves +of leaflets spinosely hairy, sheaths also spiny. Spadix polygamous +diœcious, branched, each branch bearing 30-40 fl.; bracteoles of +male fl. with 2 wing-like keels.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Khor Tela).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn816-2" title="Calamus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. sp.?</span> PODO (the fruit)—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (South).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn817"><span class= +"sn">817</span><span class="taxon bold">Ancistrophyllum +Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Mann</em> & <em>Wendl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Climbing palm up to 60 ft. high. Leaves 12-14 ft. +long, equally pinnate, midrib gradually tapering to a whip-like, +sometimes spiny tendril, 5-6 ft. long; pet., sheaths and spaces +between leaflets spinous. Fl. hermaphrodite.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Mansilli +Brook).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn818"><span class= +"sn">818</span><span class="taxon bold">Borassus flabellifer</span> +<em>Linn.</em> <span class="taxon bold">var. æthiopum</span> +<em>Warburg.</em> DELEIB—Arab; GAGGIAM (the small tree) & DAGGĀT +(full grown tree) (Dilling) GIĀT (J. Ghulfan) & MUNLI (J. +Eliri)—Nuba; INJIR—Bari; TUK (Bahr El Jebel)—Dinka & Jur; +DALANZE—Golo; NURR—Nuer; OKWA—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tall, erect, usually unbranched palm, up to 60-70 ft. +high; stem robust annulate, thickened above the middle. Leaves +fan-shaped, broader than long, in a terminal crown. Infl. diœcious. +Drupe obscurely 3-angled, smooth, orange-coloured, with a fibrous +epicarp.</p> + +<p class="p2">Southern Sudan.</p> + +<p class="p3">Almost every part of this palm is put to some use. +The fibres from the leaves and leaf-stalks are used for rope +making; the leaves for thatching; the pericarp of the fruit is +edible, and the kernel itself is eaten when young. The wood is +heavy, hard and durable, and is useful for building, canoes, +water-pipes, etc. From the unopen spathes a sap is drawn which when +fresh is sweet and when boiled down yields Date Sugar or Jaggery, +it quickly ferments, and gives a raw spirit called toddy. The root +tip as it emerges from the germinating seed is eaten as a +vegetable.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn819"><span class= +"sn">819</span><span class="taxon bold">Hyphæne thebaica</span> +<em>Mart.</em> DOM—Arab; ANDO (J. Daier), KARIAI (J. Eliri) & +AMURTE (J. Ghulfan)—Nuba;<span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_403">[403]</span> GORA—Hameg; KEIR & TUNUSHO—Bari; NIAT +(Kaka) & TAAM—Dinka; DAYA & LEL—Nuer; KAYU—Shilluk; TAANG—Burun. +The Dom Palm.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tree up to 50 ft. high; stems branching +dichotomously. Leaves 20-30 in a terminal crown on each branch, +fan-shaped; petiole sheathing at base, spiny on margins. Fruit 3 +in. long, obliquely ovoid, obscurely 3-angled.</p> + +<p class="p2">Usually near running water, throughout the Sudan; +Nubia; Dongola Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan +Prov.; White Nile Prov.</p> + +<p class="p3">The leaves are made into mats and their fibre is used +for rope-making. The pulp round the seeds is insipid but is eaten. +The kernels give a vegetable ivory. The timber is strong and is +used for posts and beams.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn820"><span class= +"sn">820</span><span class="taxon bold">Medemia Argun</span> +<em>P.G. von Württemburg.</em> DOM—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tree with undivided stems and fan-shaped leaves. +Fruit ellipsoid, dull brown, 1 5/6 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia (Wadi Delah, near Murrat wells in the Great +Nubian Desert, between Korosko & Abu Hamed); Halfa Prov. (Upper +reaches of Wadi Gebgaba, Lat. 21° 45′ N. & Long. 33° E.); Kordofan +Prov. (20-21° Lat. N.).</p> + +<p class="p3">The leaves yield a strong fibre.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn820-2" title="Medemia"><span class= +"taxon bold">M. abiadensis</span> <em>Wendl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Much as above; fruit ellipsoid, bright brown, 1½ in. +long. On the White Nile.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn821"><span class= +"sn">821</span><span class="taxon bold">Elæis guineensis</span> +<em>Jacq.</em> The Oil Palm.</p> + +<p class="p2">Erect palm; stem 20-30 ft. high, annulate, bearing +remains of old leaves. Leaves many in a terminal crown, 10-15 ft. +long; pet. 4 ft. long, spiny on margins; leaflets 18 in. or more +long. Fruit ovoid, umbilicate at apex, 1-3 seeded.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau).</p> + +<p class="p3">Introduced. Not cultivated to any extent in the Sudan +at present.</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="pandanace">PANDANACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn822"><span class= +"sn">822</span><span class="taxon bold">Pandanus sp.</span> +</p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves sword-like, sharply toothed, probably about 4 +ft. long, thick and leathery. Flowers not seen.</p> + +<p class="p2">Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Diagbe River).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="eriocaulace">ERIOCAULACEÆ.</h4> + +<p class="species1" id="sn823"><span class= +"sn">823</span><span class="taxon bold">Eriocaulon +bifistulosum</span> <em>Van Heurck</em> & <em>Muell. Arg.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Aquatic herb; stem elongated, densely leafy above. +Leaves filiform, 1-3½ in. long. Ped. numerous, 1½-5 in. long, with +sheaths, ab. 1 in. long, obtuse or bifid at apex. Fl. minute, in +globose-depressed brownish monœcious heads, ⅙ in. diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit: Biri River; Jur: +Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn823-2" title="Eriocaulon"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_404">[404]</span><span class="taxon bold">E. +bongense</span> <em>Engl.</em> & <em>Ruhland.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stemless aquatic herb. Leaves radical, linear, 1½-3 +in. long. Ped. 5-16 to a plant, 3-12 in. long; sheaths 1-3½ in. +long, rather loose. Heads light straw-coloured, subglobose, ab. ⅓ +in. diam.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Agaza River near Jur +Ghattas; Bongo: at Bulu near Sabbi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn823-3" title="Eriocaulon"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. elegantulum</span> <em>Engl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stemless aquatic or marsh herb. Leaves 4-10, linear, +⅓-3 in. long. Ped. 2-16, acutely 3-4 angled, 1-8 in. long; sheaths +⅓-3 in. long, inflated. Heads ab. ⅙ in. diam., globose; male fl. +usually central, greyish-white; fem. brown.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<h4 class="family" id="cyperace">CYPERACEÆ (Sedges).<a id= +"FNanchor_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_5" class= +"fnanchor">[5]</a></h4> + +<p class="p2">(<em>i</em>) <em>Empty glumes at base of spikelet +1-2; fertile glumes 1 to many, distichous; hypogynous bristles or +scales 0; infl. umbellate or capitate; fl. hermaphrodite.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">(<em>a</em>) <em>Style 2-branched.</em></p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn824"><span class= +"sn">824</span><span class="taxon bold">Kyllinga erecta</span> +<em>Schum.</em> & <em>Thonn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous herb; rhizome creeping, up to 8 in. long; +stems more or less distant, nodeless. Leaves close to base of stem +and up to half its length, ⅛ in. broad. Head of 1 spike, ¼-⅓ in. +diam., ovoid, dense, golden tinged; bracts 3-4, up to 3 in. long; +spikelets with 1 fertile glume, which is not winged; nut +yellow-brown, turning black.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla +Prov. (Yei R.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn824-2" title="Kyllinga"><span class= +"taxon bold">K. melanosperma</span> <em>Nees.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous herb; rhizome thick, ½-1½ in. long; stems +20-30 in. long, 3-angled at top. Leaves up to 6 in. long, ⅙ in. +broad. Head of 1 spike, ⅓ in. long, ovoid; bracts 3-4, up to 4 in. +long; spikelets with 1 fertile, not winged glume; nut black.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn824-3" title="Kyllinga"><span class= +"taxon bold">K. crassipes</span> <em>Boeck.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Rhizome short; stems 4-8 in. long. Leaves up to 9 in. +long. Heads of 1-3 spikes, pale brown; bracts 4-5, up to 9 in. +long; spikelets with 1 fertile glume, which is not winged, but has +sunk red glands.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Atwot District).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn824-4" title="Kyllinga"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_405">[405]</span><span class="taxon bold">K. +pungens</span> <em>Link.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Rhizome thick, brown-scaly; stem 8-18 in. long. +Leaves under 9 in. long. Head of 1 spike, subglobose, ¼-⅓ in. +diam.; bracts 4-5, 1-4 in. long; fertile glume 1, not winged; nut +black.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Matju River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn824-5" title="Kyllinga"><span class= +"taxon bold">K. triceps</span> <em>Rottb.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stems sub-bulbous at base, tufted, 2-12 in. long. +Leaves up to 12 in. long. Heads of usually 3, sometimes 1 spike, +white or green, 1/5-⅓ in. long; bracts 3-4, up to 3 in. long; +fertile glume in spikelet 1, sometimes red gland-dotted; nuts +yellow-brown.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Jur: Kutshuk Ali’s Zariba & Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn824-6" title="Kyllinga"><span class= +"taxon bold">K. squamulata</span> <em>Vahl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Root fibrous; stems tufted. Leaves as long as stem. +Head green to brown, globose, usually of 1 spike, ⅓ in. diam.; +bracts 3, up to 4 in. long; spikelets numerous; fertile glume 1 +with a toothed winged keel; nuts dull-brown.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Kordofan Prov. +(Obeid & J. Kurbaj); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn824-7" title="Kyllinga"><span class= +"taxon bold">K. controversa</span> <em>Steud.</em> <span class= +"taxon bold">var. subexalata</span> <em>C. B. Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Roots, stems and leaves as above, but sheaths of last +much torn. Head globose of usually 3 spikes; bracts 3-4, up to 6 +in. long; spikelets numerous; fertile glume 1, keel with narrow +ciliate wing.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (J. Kurbaj).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn824-8" title="Kyllinga"><span class= +"taxon bold">K. polyphylla</span> <em>Willd.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Rhizome short, thick; stems 10-20 in. long, 3-angled +at top. Leaves up to ab. 1 ft. long. Head of 1, sometimes 3, +orange-green spikes; bracts 5-8, sometimes over 4 in. long; spikes +⅓ in. diam., ovoid; fertile glume in spikelet 1, wingless; nuts +red-brown.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn824-9" title="Kyllinga"><span class= +"taxon bold">K. sphærocephala</span> <em>Boeck.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Rhizome slender; stems 1 ft. long, slender. Leaves up +to 8 in. long. Head pale cinnamon-coloured, globose, ¼ in. diam.; +spike 1; bracts 2-3, up to 2 in. long; spikelets with 1, 4-ribbed +fertile glume; nut yellow-brown.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn824-10" title="Kyllinga"><span class= +"taxon bold">K. pumila</span> <em>Mich.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Roots fibrous; stems tufted, 4-18 in. long, slender; +sheaths reddish. Leaves up to ab. 1 ft. long. Head green or +greenish-white; spikes 1-3, middle spike ab. ⅓ in. long; bracts +2-4, 2-6 in. long; spikelets dense; fertile glume 1, rarely 2, not +winged; nut yellow-brown.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Fung Prov. (Fazoghli).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn825"><span class= +"sn">825</span><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_406">[406]</span><span class="taxon bold">Pycreus +flavescens</span> <em>Nees.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual; stems 1-12 in. long. Leaves up to 8 in., +crowded close to the base. Spikes 1 or more, loosely umbelled, of +3-12 clustered ebracteolate spikelets; bracts 2-4, overtopping +umbel; spikelets straw-coloured, red-tinged; fertile glumes 8-36, +boat-shaped; nuts whitish, laterally compressed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Kordofan Prov. +(Rahad); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Main River: Nuer country; Bongo: +Addai).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn825-2" title="Pycreus"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. Mundtii</span> <em>Nees.</em> UMTUGG (N. +Kordn.)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Stems 8-24 in. long, decumbent and rooting at base +and clothed with leaf-sheaths up to ¾ of its length. Leaves 4-10 +in. long. Spikes usually in many-rayed simple umbels, rarely +subcompound or 1 spike only, bearing 3-8 ebracteolate spikelets; +bracts 4 to many, overtopping the umbel; spikelets containing 12-16 +fertile glumes, brown; nuts biconvex, dotted.</p> + +<p class="p2">Khartoum Prov.; North Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. +(J. Marra: Kallokitting 4,000 ft.); Upper White Nile Prov. (mouth +of Sobat River & Khor Attar); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (mouth of Bahr +El Arab); Bahr El Jebel (Sudd).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn825-3" title="Pycreus"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. nitens</span> <em>Nees.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual; stems tufted up to 12 in. long. Leaves ab. +same length. Umbels simple; spikes 1-6; bracts 3-6, ½-6 in. long; +spikelets straw-coloured, 5-30 per spike; fertile glumes 8-44, +boat-shaped; nuts pale-brown, laterally compressed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (Abu Garad).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn825-4" title="Pycreus"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. polystachyos</span> <em>P. Beauv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Roots fibrous; stems tufted, 12-30 in. long. Leaves +basal, up to length of stem. Umbels usually compound of 1-7 rays; +spikes of 10-50 ebracteolate spikelets; bracts 3-6, 4-12 in. long; +fertile glumes in spikelet 20-50; straw-coloured or reddish; nut +brown.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">var. laxiflora</span> +<em>Benth.</em></p> + +<p class="p4">Spikes open, subcorymbose or umbellate; spikelets +subsolitary.</p> + +<p class="p4">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn825-5" title="Pycreus"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. globosus</span> <em>Reichb.</em> <span class= +"taxon bold">var. nilagirica</span> <em>C. B. Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual or biennial; stems tufted, 1-2 ft. long. +Leaves up to 16 in. long. Umbels 1-6 in. diam., simple or compound +or 1 compound head, bracts 3-5, lowest overtopping inflorescence; +spikelets up to ¾ in. long, compressed, dark-brown; fertile glumes +8-30; nuts blackish.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla +Prov. (Yei R.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn825-6" title="Pycreus"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. propinquus</span> <em>Nees.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stems and leaves 12-18 in. long. Spikes 10-16 in 1 +compound, pale-yellow head; bracts 3, 3-7 in. long; spikelets ½ in. +long; fertile glumes 20-36, slightly inflated; nuts red-brown.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn825-7" title="Pycreus"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_407">[407]</span><span class="taxon bold">P. +capillifolius</span> <em>C. B. Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual; stems tufted, very slender, 4-8 in. long. +Leaves same length, almost hair-like. Head 1, lateral, of 4-18 +ebracteolate spikelets which are ½-¾ in. long and have 10-30 +fertile, pale-yellow inflated glumes; bracts 2, 1-2½ in. long; nut +black, smooth, half the length of glume.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn825-8" title="Pycreus"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. elegantulus</span> <em>C. B. Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual; stems 8-28 in. long. Leaves ⅔ length of stem, +narrow. Umbel of 1-7 dense, compound spikes, each of 5-30 dense +spikelets or by congestion forming a mass of 80 spikelets or more; +bracts 3-5, 3-9 in. long; spikelets up to ⅔ in. long, ebracteolate, +6-16 fld.; glumes not overlapping in fruit, dark-brown with green +keel; nut obovoid, ab. ½ length of glume; style short.</p> + +<p class="p2">Between Khartoum & Shendi.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn825-9" title="Pycreus"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. umbrosus</span> <em>Nees.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Rhizome woody, giving out suckers 12 in. long or +more, clothed with dark-brown scales; stems 12-18 in. long. Leaves +⅙ in. broad, longer than stem; sheaths fleshy, with transverse +lines. Umbels subsimple, rays 3-7, up to 2 in. long; bracts 4, +lowest 6 in. long; spikes of 3-8 ebracteolate spikelets; spikelets +16-fld., brown to black, keels yellowish-brown or green; style +shorter than nut, which is ¼ length of glume, dark-brown.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (main river: Nuer villages).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn825-10" title="Pycreus"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. albomarginatus</span> <em>Nees.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual; stem solitary, 1-3 ft. high, 3-angled at top. +Leaves ⅔ length of stem, ab. ¼ in. broad. Umbel usually compound; +primary rays 3-11, 1-7 in. long; bracts 3-6, lowest 8-18 in. long. +Spikes subglobose or elongate, 1¼-2 in. long, of 8-12 usually +ebracteolate spikelets; spikelets straw-coloured, 18-30 fld.; +glumes with white margins; nut black, ⅔ length of glume.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Kordofan Prov. +(Abu Garad); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla +Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn826"><span class= +"sn">826</span><span class="taxon bold">Juncellus +alopecuroides</span> <em>C. B. Clarke.</em> SEID & SAMAR BALADI +(Egypt)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Large herb; stem solitary, 18-36 in. long, 3-angled +at top. Leaves length of stem, ⅓ in. broad. Umbel 6 in. and more in +diam., compound; rays 4-10; bracts 3-8, lowest 6 in. and more long; +spikes 3-5 together, sessile, 1-1½ in. long, dense; spikelets 8-30 +fld.; compressed, straw-coloured; glumes closely imbricate; nut ⅓ +length of glume, anterior angle flattened.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: +Kallokitting 4,200 ft.); Upper White Nile Prov. (Mouth of Bahr El +Zeraf).</p> + +<p class="p3"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_408">[408]</span>Cultivated in Lower Egypt for its stems +which are made into mats, also for sweetening land about to be +reclaimed.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn826-2" title="Juncellus"><span class= +"taxon bold">J. pustulatus</span> <em>C. B. Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual; stems tufted, 4-16 in. long. Leaves few, ab. +⅔ length of stem, narrow. Umbels simple, rays 1-5, 0-2½ in. long; +bracts 3, lowest 3-7 in. long. Spikes of 2-5 subsessile spikelets, +ebracteolate; spikelets white, purple-marked, up to ½ in. long; +rhachilla persistent; flowering glumes 8-18; nut 2/5 length of +glume, much flattened on anterior angle.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn826-3" title="Juncellus"><span class= +"taxon bold">J. pygmæus</span> <em>C. B. Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual; stems densely tufted, 1-10 in. high. Leaves +as long, narrow. Infl. a dense compound head of numerous spikelets; +bracts 3-8, dilated at base, lowest up to 3-6 in. long; spikelets +green to pale-brown, 1/5 in. long, compressed, 8-24. fld.; glumes +deciduous from lowest, rhachilla persistent; nut ab. ⅓ length of +glume, plano-convex, brown, smooth.</p> + +<p class="p2">Dongola Prov. (banks of the Nile); Khartoum Prov. +(North); Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile & Kordofan Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn826-4" title="Juncellus"><span class= +"taxon bold">J. lævigatus</span> <em>C. B. Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Rhizome woody; stems crowded or distant, 6-24 in. +long, bases enclosed by red-brown scales. Leaves variable, usually +short. Spike solitary, lateral, of 1-30 spikelets; bracts 2, lowest +continuing the stem, 1-3 in. long; spikelets ⅓ in. long, +straw-coloured, 12-24. fld.; nut ab. ⅔ length of glume, +plano-convex; rhachilla persistent.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Sinkat & 21° N.L.); Darfur +Prov. (J. Meidob, 2,400 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn827"><span class= +"sn">827</span><span class="taxon bold">Cyperus nudicaulis</span> +<em>Poir.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Floating herb; rhizome long; stems tufted, 12-30 in. +long. Leaves reduced to pale-brown leaf-sheaths. Head of 1-12 +sessile spikelets; bracts 1-3, the lowest suberect, continuing the +stem, shorter than head; spikelets ½-1 in. long, flattened, 30-70 +fld., pale or reddish; glumes 3-nerved, falling off seriatim from +lowest from persistent rhachilla; sta. 3; style long, branches +short; nut ⅔ length of glume, flattened, base corky, thickened.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Jebel (Sudd); Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (main river).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn827-2" title="Cyperus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. Colymbetes</span> <em>Kotschy</em> & +<em>Peyr.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stems tufted, 1-2 ft. long, 3-angled. Leaves 0. Head +of 6-30 spikelets; bracts 2; spikelets ½-⅔ in. long, up to 40 fld., +otherwise as above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Saoleil & Sherif); Mouth of Bahr El +Jebel.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn827-3" title="Cyperus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. leucocephalus</span> <em>Retz.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous herb; stems bulbous at base, 4-10 in. long, +tufted. Leaves up to ⅔ length of stem. Head 1 globose, white or +pale brown, up to ⅔ in. diam., of 6-40 spikelets; bracts 3, lowest +2 in. long; spikelets up to ⅓ in. long, compressed;<span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_409">[409]</span> glumes 1-3 nerved close; sta. +1; style shorter than nut which is ⅓-⅔ length of glume, yellow, +bluntly 3-angled.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (Kulme 3,600 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn827-4" title="Cyperus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. compactus</span> <em>Lam.</em> ’ESHŪB, +SE’ED—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial; rhizome short; stem 4-16 in. long, with +hard, dark brown leaf-sheaths at base. Leaves up to length of stem. +Head 1 of 5-20 spikelets, ½-1½ in. diam., yellowish; bracts 3-4, +dilated at base, lowest 2-4 in. long; spikelets ⅓-⅔ in., oblong, +compressed, 8-18 fld.; glumes ab. ¼ in. long, close, striate; nut ⅓ +length of glume, 3-angled; style shorter than nut.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Jur: Abu Gurun’s Zariba).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn827-5" title="Cyperus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. conglomeratus</span> <em>Rottb.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous herb; rhizome usually short; roots woolly; +stems 4-24 in. long, somewhat 3-angled at top. Leaves half to twice +as long as stem. Simple umbel or head of few spikes; bracts 3-5, +lowest 3-6 in. long, suberect, dilated at base; spikelets 3-25 to a +head, ab. ½ in. long, 8-16 fld., straw-coloured or pale brown; +glumes minutely mucronate, ribbed; style short, branches rather +long; nut ⅓ length of glume, 3-angled.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubian Desert (Wadi El Derood); Kassala Prov. +(Gallabat: Matamma); Darfur Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn827-6" title="Cyperus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. cruentus</span> <em>Rottb.</em> TOROG—Hadendowa; +ASHAM—Rashida.</p> + +<p class="p2">Spikelets narrower and glumes closer on rhachilla, +but otherwise as above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia (between Suakin & Berber: Obak); Dongola Prov.; +Berber Prov. (Atbara, near Bulak); Kassala Prov. (Gash Delta: Um +Adam); Red Sea Prov. (Er-Rih Island, Red Sea); Kordofan Prov. (Abu +Garad).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn827-7" title="Cyperus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. amabilis</span> <em>Vahl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous annual; stems tufted, 2-8 in. long. Leaves +up to ½ length of stem. Umbel simple or compound (rarely 1 head), +rays up to 14 and 4 in. long; bracts up to 4, shorter than umbel. +Spikelets 3-10 together, ⅔ in long, golden-brown, 16-36 fld.; +glumes minutely mucronate, keel of 3-5 green nerves; style as long +as nut; nut 2/5 length of glume, obovoid, brown.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr +El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Bongo-land); Mongalla Prov. (Yei +River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn827-8" title="Cyperus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. uncinatus</span> <em>Poir.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous annual; stems tufted, 2-10 in. long. Leaves +length of stem, bristly. Umbels usually simple; bracts 3-6, +bristly, longer than umbel; spikelets digitate, usually 3-10 +together, ½ in. long, 8-28 fld., compressed, pale-rusty to brown; +glumes<span class="pagenum" id="Page_410">[410]</span> 3-nerved, +the green keel produced into a prominent bristle; nut half as long +as glume (excl. mucro), oblong-obovoid.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land); Bahr El Jebel +(Madi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn827-9" title="Cyperus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. reduncus</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous herb; stems tufted, 2-10 in. long. Leaves +length of stem. Umbel usually compound, 3-4 in. diam.; bracts +longer than umbel. Spikes digitate, of 3-20 spikelets, which are +flattened and 30 fld.; glumes with short recurved mucro; style +short, as are the branches; nut ab. ¾ in. length of glume, narrow, +brown.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur +Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn827-10" title="Cyperus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. difformis</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous annual; stems tufted, 4-20 in. long, +3-angled at top. Leaves ½-⅔ length of stem. Spikes in simple or +compound umbel or contracted into 1 head; bracts 2-4, lowest 2-10 +in. long. Spikelets many in dense heads, dusky or brown, 10-30 +fld.; glumes close packed, obtuse; sta. 1 (rarely 2); style much +shorter than nut, branches short: nut nearly as long as glume, +3-angled, straw-coloured to brown.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (Rahad); Darfur Prov. (Kulme 3,300 +ft.); Bahr El Jebel (Madi); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas; +Niamniam-land: Linduku River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn827-11" title="Cyperus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. microlepis</span> <em>Boeck.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Spikelets whitish; glumes more elongate and less +obtuse, and nut more elongate and narrower than in above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Gir; Jur: Jur +Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn827-12" title="Cyperus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. dichroostachyus</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous herb; rhizome 4-8 in. long; stems distant, +18-36 in. long, sharply 3-angled at top. Leaves ½-¾ length of stem, +up to ½ in. broad. Umbel lateral, compound, 2-5 in. diam.; bracts +3-4, up to 8 in. long, lowest in continuation of stem. Spikes of +3-5 spikelets, digitate, numerous; spikelets white, brown spotted, +6-14 fld.; glumes 1-nerved, obtuse; sta. 2; style very short; nut ¾ +length of glume, yellow-brown.</p> + +<p class="p2">North Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Jebel (Sudd).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn827-13" title="Cyperus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. Haspan</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous herb; rhizome creeping; stems distant or +close together, 4-28 in. long, 3-angled or winged at top. Leaves +almost absent to longer than stem. Umbel usually compound once or +more, rarely simple; bracts 2-3, lowest suberect, shorter to longer +than the umbel. Spikelets digitate, 2-6 together, up to ½ in. long, +compressed, 10-40 fld.; glumes 1-3 nerved, greenish or purplish; +sta. 2-3; style short; nut ab. ½ length of glume, pale-brown.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla +Prov. Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn827-14" title="Cyperus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. flavidus</span> <em>Retz.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Short-lived annual; stems tufted, 2-8 in. long, +obtusely 3-angled.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_411">[411]</span> +Leaves longer than stem. Umbel very compound, yellow to blackish; +bracts longer than umbel; sta. 1; nut white; otherwise as +above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn827-15" title="Cyperus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. podocarpus</span> <em>Boeck.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous herb; rhizome scaly; stems tufted, obtusely +3-angled, 10 in. long. Leaves ⅔ length of stem. Umbel simple; rays +2-4, ab. ½ in. long; bracts 3, lowest suberect, 4-8 in. long. +Spikes of 3-7 spikelets, ebracteate; spikelets 2/5 in. long, 8-12 +fld., purple mottled; glumes obtuse; sta. 3; style shorter than +nut, which is ½ length of glume, broad ellipsoid, 3-angled, +suddenly narrowed into a minute stalk, black.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn827-16" title="Cyperus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. sphærospermus</span> <em>Schrad.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous herb; rhizome woody, 2 in. long; stems 6-14 +in. long, more or less sharply 3-angled at top. Leaves from ½ the +length to (rarely) more than length of stems. Umbel simple or +compound, 1-5 in. diam.; bracts varying from 1 in. to length in +infl. Spikes of 3-8 digitate spikelets, straw-coloured or rich +brown; spikelets ½ in. long, compressed, 10-30 fld.; sta. 3; style +short, branches longer than the minute nut.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Jebel (Sudd).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn827-17" title="Cyperus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. flabelliformis</span> <em>Rottb.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Rhizome stout; stems 2-3 ft. long, tufted, rounded or +angular at top. Leaves 0, except on early sterile shoots. Umbel +usually compound, 4-12 in. diam.; primary rays 6 to numerous, +subequal; bracts 8-12 subequal, longer than umbel; spikes +whitish-yellow to rusty, of 2-15 digitate spikelets which are +compressed and 10-20 fld.; glumes hard, shining, pointed; sta. 3; +style short, branches long; nut ½ length of glume.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn827-18" title="Cyperus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. dichromenæformis</span> <em>Kunth.</em> +<span class="taxon bold">var. major</span> <em>Boeck.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Rhizome woody; stems 12-30 in. long, almost flattened +at top. Leaves nearly as long, up to ½ in. broad. Head of 12-34 +spikelets; bracts 4-5, lowest up to 10 in. long; spikelets ½ in. +long, flattened, straw-coloured, 12-20 fld.; glumes distant; sta. +3; styles shorter than nut, branches long; nut ⅔ length of glume, +3-angled, brown.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Kulenjo).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn827-19" title="Cyperus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. Renschii</span> <em>Boeck.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall glabrous herb; stems up to 6 ft. high, 3-angled +to 3-winged at top. Leaves up to 4 ft. by 1 in., 3-nerved. Umbel +8-24 in. diam., decompound; bracts 2 ft. long. Spikes abundant, +green to red-brown, small, of 2-7 clustered spikelets which are +1/12 in. long, oblong, 3-6 fld.; glumes<span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_412">[412]</span> distichous, mucronate; sta. 2-3; style half +the length and branches length of the nut which is ab. ½ length of +glume.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn827-20" title="Cyperus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. Iria</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous annual; stems tufted, 4-20 in. long. Leaves +ab. as long as stem. Umbel usually compound, 2-20 in. diam.; rays +often long; bracts longer than umbel. Spikes of 5-20 spikelets +loosely spicate on a ⅓-2 in. long rhachis; spikelets slender, ab. ½ +in. long, yellow or brown, 6-20 fld.; nut nearly length of glume, +black; style short, branches shortly exserted.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Kordofan Prov. (Obeid); Darfur Prov. (J. +Barkin); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. +(Bor).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn827-21" title="Cyperus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. aristatus</span> <em>Rottb.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous annual; stems tufted, 1-7 in. long. Leaves +up to length of stem. Umbel appearing simple (or 1 spike); rays +1-6, up to 3 in. long, lowest bract usually longer than umbel. +Spikes ½ in. long, cylindric, of 5-40 spikelets, brown when ripe; +spikelets up to ½ in. long, compressed, 6-30 fld.; glumes striate, +ending in a conspicuous recurved bristle; sta. 1; nut ⅓ length of +glume, brown; style shorter than nut, branches shortly +exserted.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (Abu Garad); Upper White Nile Prov. +(Taufikia); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. +(Bor).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn827-22" title="Cyperus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. distans</span> <em>Linn. f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous herb; rhizome stout; stems 1-3 ft. long. +Leaves up to length of stem. Umbel compound, 8-12 in. diam., +sometimes congested or scanty; bracts usually longer than umbel. +Rhachis of spike ⅓-2 in. long; spikelets spicate, almost acicular, +10-12 fld., reddish; glumes distant; style shorter than nut, +branches shortly exserted; nut ab. ½ length of glume, black.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso +River, Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn827-23" title="Cyperus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. eleusinoides</span> <em>Kunth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stems 1-3 ft. long, throwing out lateral shoots at +base. Spikes 1 in. long dense cylindric; spikelets obliquely +spreading, green or grey-brown, ½ in. long, ab. 10 fld.; glumes +mucronate, approximate; otherwise as above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. +(Fazoghli).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn827-24" title="Cyperus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. latifolius</span> <em>Poir.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous herb; stolons (runners) long; stem 2-3 ft. +long, acutely 3-angled at top. Leaves ¾ length of stem, ¾ in. +broad. Umbel compound, dense, secondary umbels corymbose; bracts +longer than umbel. Spikes of 4-8 spikelets: spikelets ½ in. long, +pallid or reddish, 8-16 fld.; glumes obtuse, imbricated; nut ½ +length of glume, black.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Jebel (Hillet El Nuer).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn827-25" title="Cyperus"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_413">[413]</span><span class="taxon bold">C. +pilosus</span> <em>Vahl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous, except spike-rhachis which is minutely +hairy; stem 12-30 in. long, acutely 3-angled at top. Leaves ¾ +length of stem. Umbel usually compound; bracts several, lowest +longer than umbel. Spikelets ½ in. long at right angles to the +rhachis, pale reddish, 10-24 fld.; glumes obtuse, rather loose; nut +3/5 length of glume, black.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn827-26" title="Cyperus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. bulbosus</span> <em>Vahl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous bulbed herb; stolons slender, ending in +small bulb; stem 4-12 in. long, very slender. Leaves longer than +stem, tapering. Umbel contracted, subcorymbose; bracts 3-6 +overtopping umbel. Spikelets 4-6 to the spike, compressed, red; +rhachilla winged; flowering glumes 8-26, obtuse, striate; nut ½ +length of glume, black; style short, branches long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Wadi El Omari & Khor +Tamanib).</p> + +<p class="p3">The roots are used as flour in times of scarcity and +eaten roasted or boiled.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn827-27" title="Cyperus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. microbolbos</span> <em>C. B. Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Bulbed glabrous herb; stems 3 in. high, slender; +stolons capillary, ending in minute bulbs. Leaves 6 in. long. +Spikes 1 or 2 together, ped. ¼ in. long; bracts 2, longer than +spike. Spikelets 3-5 per spike, ½ in. long, compressed red-brown, +24 fld.; glumes green-mucronate; sta. 3; style length of nut, +branches long; nut ½ length of glume, brown.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (coast-land to between 3,000-4,000 ft., +Suakin).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn827-28" title="Cyperus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. esculentus</span> <em>Linn.</em> SAAD—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bulbed herb; stolons slender, ending in bulbs ½ in. +diam., ringed by transverse lines; stems 6-24 in. long, 3-angled at +top. Leaves up to ¾ length of stem. Umbel more or less compound, +3-12 in. diam.; bracts 3-5, ab. as long as umbel. Spikes of 4-30 +spikelets which are ¼-¾ in. long, pale yellow to brown, 6-30 fld., +rhachilla winged; glumes blunt, striate; style shorter than nut, +branches long; nut ab. ½ length of glume.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Kulme 3,600 ft.); Bahr +El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Kutshuk Ali’s Zariba); Mongalla Prov. (Yei +River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn827-29" title="Cyperus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. articulatus</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous herb, stolons hardening into long rhizomes; +stems 3-6 ft. high, when dry showing joints ½-1½ in. apart. Leaves +reduced to sheaths. Umbel usually compound, 1-8 in. diam.; bracts +elliptic-lanceolate. Spikelets 3-4 to spike, or more by congestion +of spikes into one, ⅓-1 in. long, 12-50 fld., straw-coloured to +brown; glumes obtuse; style branches long; nut 3/5 length of glume, +black.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Jebel.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn827-30" title="Cyperus"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_414">[414]</span><span class="taxon bold">C. +schimperianus</span> <em>Steud.</em> DIS & SID—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous herb; rhizome woody; stems 1-3 ft. long. +Leaves under ⅓ length of stem. Umbel usually compound, 3-10 in. +diam.; bracts 4-7. Spikes of 3-20 loosely arranged, often drooping, +12-24 fld. spikelets, which are ½-¾ in. long, compressed, +red-brown; rhachilla winged, wings deciduous; glumes distant, +obtuse; style branches long; nut ½ length of glume.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Dongola Prov.; Berber Prov. (Atbara: +Shallalat); Khartoum Prov. (Nile near J. Royan); Fung Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn827-31" title="Cyperus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. nubicus</span> <em>C. B. Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous herb; stolons hardening into rhizomes; stems +up to 2 ft. long, 3-angled at top. Leaves 12 in. by ¼ in. Umbel +compound, 5-8 in. diam. Spikelets numerous, rusty-red, up to 1 in. +long, 20-30 fld., compressed; rhachilla wings ovate, deciduous; +glumes acute, distant; style short, branches long; nut 2/5 length +of glume, black. Bracts 3-4, longer than umbel.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn827-32" title="Cyperus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. schweinfurthianus</span> <em>Boeck.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall scabrous herb; stems 1-3 fl. long, 3-angled. +Leaves ½-⅔ length of stem. Umbel irregular, simple or compound +primary rays up to 12 in. long; bracts few to many, according to +number of rays equalling or overtopping the umbel. Spikes loose; +spikelets 3-9 per spike, 1 in. long, 20 fld., straw-coloured, +compressed; wings of rhachilla oblong, deciduous; glumes distant, +apiculate; style short, branches long; nut ½ length of glume, +black.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla +Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn827-33" title="Cyperus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. elatior</span> <em>Boeck.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stem 30 in. high, stout, smooth. Umbel compound; rays +up to 10 in. high; spikelets 1 in. long, 20-30 fld., suberect, +otherwise as above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn827-34" title="Cyperus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. gracilinux</span> <em>C. B. Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous herb; stems 2 ft. high, 3-angled at top; +stolons numerous. Leaves up to 16 in. long. Umbel compound, 6-12 +in. diam.; bracts overtopping umbel. Spikes loose with 5-11 +spikelets, which are ⅔ in. long, compressed, 10-16 fld., whitish; +wings of rhachilla elliptic-lanceolate; glumes subobtuse, close; +nut 3/5 length of glume.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn827-35" title="Cyperus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. maculatus</span> <em>Boeck.</em> SEID—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous herb; stems 12-20 in. long, 3-angled at top, +bulbous at base. Leaves nearly length of stem. Umbel compound, of +5-11 spikelets, which are ½ in. long, compressed, 20 fld., +straw-coloured, usually purple-spotted; rhachilla wings<span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_415">[415]</span> narrow; glumes obtuse, close; +styles shorter than nut, branches exserted.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Berber Prov. (Mograt Island near Abu Hamad); +Khartoum Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Khor Attar).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn827-36" title="Cyperus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. rotundus</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous herb; stems 8-24 in. long, bulbous at base, +3-angled at top. Leaves ⅔ length of stem. Umbel simple or compound, +1-8 in. diam.; rays long or short; bracts 3-4, overtopping umbel. +Spikes loose; spikelets red-brown, ⅔ in. long and 8-30 fld., or 2 +in. long and 50-60 fld.; rhachilla wings joining the pointed, +closely placed glumes; style shorter than nut, branches long; nut ½ +length of glume, dark brown.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Wadi El Omari, Wadi El +Arab); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Berber Prov. (Ben Naga, +between Berber & Khartoum); Khartoum Prov. (North); Banks of the +Blue Nile (Bunzaga); Kordofan Prov. (Obeid, Abu Haraza); White Nile +Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="p3">Used in certain dye preparations to impart perfume to +the fabric. The rhizomes yield an essential oil which is used as a +perfume. The fresh roots are diaphoretic and astringent; they are +used for indigestion in children and in fevers.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">var. spadiceus</span> +<em>Boeck.</em></p> + +<p class="p4">Stem usually tall, scabrous at top. Spikelets +strongly compressed, sometimes darker brown, shining.</p> + +<p class="p4">Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn827-37" title="Cyperus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. nuerensis</span> <em>Boeck.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous herb; stolons hardening into rhizome, 8 in. +long; stems 8-20 in. long, 3-angled at top. Leaves ⅔ length of +stem, ⅓ in. broad. Umbel compound, 6-8 in. diam. (sometimes reduced +to a head); primary rays 3-7; bracts 3-5, 2-6 in. broad; bracts 3-5 +overtopping umbel. Spikes loose overtopping umbel. Spikes of 3-5 +red-brown to nearly black spikelets, which are 2/5 in. long by 1/12 +in., 8-16 fld.; wings of rhachilla ovate-lanceolate; glumes obtuse, +reddish-black on sides and 5-nerved, yellow-green on back; +otherwise as above sp.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (near Nuer villages).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn827-38" title="Cyperus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. Fenzelianus</span> <em>Steud.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall herb; stolons long, thick. Umbel open. Spikelets +pale to dusky straw-coloured; otherwise as <i>C. rotundus</i>.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Berber Prov. (Zeidab); Between Berber & +Khartoum: Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (J. Kuhn).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn827-39" title="Cyperus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. radiatus</span> <em>Vahl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous herb; rhizome 0; lateral shoots at base of +stem; stem 6-24 in. long. Leaves ⅔ length of stem. Umbel up to 6-10 +in. diam., but often contracted, sometimes into 1 dense<span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_416">[416]</span> head; bracts overtopping infl. +Spikes digitate, 1 in. by ab. ½ in., almost sessile; spikelets +1/5-2/5 in. long, narrow, 10-36 fld., compressed, pale to brownish; +wings of rhachilla oblong, persistent; glumes apiculate tightly +imbricate; sta. 3; nut ½ length of glume; style ½ length of nut, +branches short.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Dongola; Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas & Wau River; Bongo: Addai).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn827-40" title="Cyperus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. exaltatus</span> <em>Retz.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stems up to 3-4 ft. high. Some spikes peduncled; +spikelets larger, less crowded and more yellowish or reddish, but +otherwise as above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov. (Harun; Jongol’s Post); +Kordofan Prov. (Sagattur); Upper White Nile Prov. (Tonga Island); +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Kutshuk Ali’s Zariba).</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">var. dives</span> <em>C. B. +Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p4">Umbel rigid. Spikes rigid, dense; ripe spikelets +divaricate or reflexed, hard, often shining and yellowish.</p> + +<p class="p4">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn827-41" title="Cyperus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. Pethericki</span> <em>C. B. Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Very tall, stout herb. Umbel large, compound with +large cylindric spikes; lowest bract very long, ⅔ in. broad. +Spikelets nearly ½ in. long, 36 fld., pale yellowish-brown; glumes +thin; otherwise as <i>C. exaltatus</i>.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Gigging, Mongalla & 7° 25′ N.L.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn827-42" title="Cyperus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. digitatus</span> <em>Roxb.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous herb; stem 2-6 ft. high, 3-angled at top. +Leaves ⅔ length of stem. Umbel compound, 8-24 in. diam.; lowest +bract longer than umbel. Spike 2 by 1 in.; spikelets many, at right +angles to spike, ab. ½ in. long, narrow, 20 fld., yellowish-brown; +wings of rhachilla caducous, lanceolate, yellow; glumes scarcely +mucronate, yellow and brown; sta. 3.; nut ½ length of glume, black; +style shorter than nut. Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn827-43" title="Cyperus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. auricomus</span> <em>Sieber.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stem at top almost 3-winged; umbel not very large; +otherwise as above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile Prov. (Khor Agalin at Doleib); Kordofan +Prov. (Birket Kolli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Ghaba Shambé; Bongo: +Addai); Mongalla Prov. (Kenissa).</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">var. minor</span> <em>C. B. +Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p4">Slender; umbels small; spikelets slender, +red-brown.</p> + +<p class="p4">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn827-44" title="Cyperus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. Papyrus</span> <em>Linn.</em> <span class= +"taxon bold">var. Antiquorum</span> <em>C. B. Clarke.</em> BURDI, +DIS & BABIRUSA—Arab; BODUMOH—Zande; YELL—Nuer. The Papyrus +Plant.</p> + +<p class="p3">Plant up to 15 ft. high; rhizome woody; stems smooth +with<span class="pagenum" id="Page_417">[417]</span> basal sheaths +only. Leaves up to 1 in. by ⅓ in. on barren shoots. Umbels +compound, up to 3 ft. diam.; primary rays up 30, up to 1 ft. long; +bracts up to 7 in. long, reddish. Spikelets numerous sessile, +ovate, ¼-⅓ in. long, compressed; bracts of secondary umbel 3, +green, up to 2½ in. long. Spikes ab. 1 in. by ½ in. with 12-30 +spreading spikelets; spikelets ⅓ long, brown; glumes ovate-oblong +with a green median line; rhachilla wings yellow deciduous late; +sta. 3; style length of nut; branches rather short; nut ½-3/5 +length of glume, black.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile and affluents; Bahr El Ghazal and +affluents.</p> + +<p class="p3">The slices of the stem, pressed together, were used +by the ancient Egyptians as a writing material. Attempts have been +made of recent years to utilise the plant for paper making and for +fuel.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn827-45" title="Cyperus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. cephalotes</span> <em>Vahl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stolons slender; stem 6-10 in. long, 3-angled. Leaves +longer or shorter than stem. Head globose, ½ diam.; bracts 3-4; +spikelets numerous, sessile, ovate, ¼-⅓ in. long, compressed, 20-30 +fld.; rhachilla not winged; glumes cuspidate, imbricate, red-brown; +sta. 2-3; nut oblong, narrowed into a long beak, style jointed on +beak of nut, slender, entire or 2-3 toothed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Jebel (Sudd).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn828"><span class= +"sn">828</span><span class="taxon bold">Mariscus<a id= +"FNanchor_6"></a><a href="#Footnote_6" class="fnanchor">[6]</a> +coloratus</span> <em>Nees.</em> <span class="taxon bold">var. +macrocephala</span> <em>C. B. Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous herb; stolons 0; stems 6-14 in. long, +3-angled at top, thickened at base by brownish leaf sheaths. Leaves +up to length of stem, weak. Spikes 5-6, large, in one head; bracts +3-4, spreading, lowest 3-7 in. long; spikelets ovate or lanc., +acute, 2-6 fld., straw-coloured; glumes subacute, 13-15 ribbed, +margins running into the elliptic wings of rhachilla; style shorter +than nut, branches longish; nut ½ length of glume, black; sta. +2-3.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Makporru Hill); +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn828-2" title="var."><span class= +"taxon bold">M. djurensis</span> <em>C. B. Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous herb; stolons numerous, 1-2 in. long, +red-scaly; stems approximate, 4-12 in. long, slender, 3-angled at +top. Leaves up to length of stem, weak. Head 1, ovoid, ⅓ in. diam., +whitish; bracts 4, up to 6 in. long. Spikelets 1/5 in. long, 2-6 +fld.; glumes distant, ovate, 11-13 ribbed, with small red glands; +nut ½-2/5 length of glume, black; style ab. same length.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas; Mongalla +Prov. (Bor).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn828-3" title="var."><span class="pagenum" +id="Page_418">[418]</span><span class="taxon bold">M. +macropus</span> <em>C. B. Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous herb; stems 10-20 in. long, 3-angled at top, +much thickened at base by fibrous remnants of sheaths, tufted. +Leaves ½-⅔ length of stems, long-bristly at tips. Head 1, ovoid, ½ +in. diam., dirty-white; bracts 3, lowest 1-2 in. long. Spikelets +1/5 in. long, 8-10 fld., producing 6-8 nuts; glumes obscurely 7-11 +ribbed; nut ½-⅔ length of glume; style same length.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Kutshuk Ali’s Zariba & Jur +Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn828-4" title="var."><span class= +"taxon bold">M. leptophyllus</span> <em>C. B. Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous herb; stems approximate, thickened at base +by withering leaf-sheaths, 3-angled at top. Leaves ⅔ length of +stem, weak. Infl. umbellate; rays 2-3, ¼-1½ in. long, each with 1-3 +spikes; bracts 4, up to 6 in. long. Spikelets ⅓ in. long, white to +brown, ripening 6-8 nuts; glumes obtuse, 7-ribbed, distant; nut ½-⅔ +length of glume, brown; style shorter, branches exserted.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Khor Tamanib).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn828-5" title="var."><span class= +"taxon bold">M. mollipes</span> <em>C. B. Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous herb; stems thickened at base by fibrous +torn leaf-sheaths, 3-angled at top, 4-6 in. long. Leaves ⅔ length +of stem. Head of 1 spike, ovoid, pale straw-coloured; bracts 3-4, +lowest up to 3 in. long. Spikelets ⅛ in. long, ripening 1 nut only; +glumes ovate, acuminate, obscurely 5-7 ribbed; nut line.-obl., ½ +length of glume, black; style shorter; branches long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Mayob).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn828-6" title="var."><span class= +"taxon bold">M. Sieberianus</span> <em>Nees.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous herb; stems 12-30 in. long, 3-angled at top, +thickened at base by green to red leaf-sheaths, approximate. Leaves +up to ⅔ length of stem. Umbel simple, 1-5 in. diam.; rays 5-12 up +to 4 in. long; bracts 5-10, lowest up to 8 in. long. Spikes +solitary, ab. 1 in. by ¼ in., cylindric; bracts to spike 0; +spikelets numerous, spreading or deflexed below, lin.-lanc., +bearing 1 or 2 nuts; lowest flower-glume twice as long as upper +empty glume, ovate-ob., obtuse, 7-11 ribbed; style ½ length of nut; +branches length of nut; nut ⅔ length of glume.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Lado District & Bor).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn828-7" title="var."><span class= +"taxon bold">M. umbellatus</span> <em>Vahl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Some of rays of umbel many times longer than spikes, +which are ½ by ⅙ in.; spikelets small, denser and more rigid than +in above sp. and in fruit all strongly deflexed; nut almost +ellipsoid; otherwise as above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Mongalla Prov. (Yei +River).</p> + +<p class="p3">The rhizomes are edible.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn828-8" title="var."><span class="pagenum" +id="Page_419">[419]</span><span class="taxon bold">M. +sublimis</span> <em>C. B. Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Umbel simple; rays 7-10, up to 2½ in. long. Spikes up +to ¾ by ¼ in., dense, pale grey; ripe spikelets appressed, +obliquely erect. Nut 1 only per spikelet, ellipsoid; otherwise as +<i>M. Sieberianus</i>.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn828-9" title="var."><span class= +"taxon bold">M. macrocarpus</span> <em>Kunth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Spikes ovoid, ab. ½ in. wide, subsessile or shortly +peduncled. Ripe spikelets with 2-3 nuts; lowest empty glume +mucronate. Nut ¾ length of glume, broadly oblong; otherwise as +large forms of <i>M. Sieberianus</i>.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="famsect">(<em>ii</em>) <em>Empty glumes at base of +spikelet 0-2; fertile glumes usually numerous, spirally arranged +with few exceptions (nearly distichous in some spp. of +Fimbristylis); hypogynous scales or bristles 0-7; infl. umbellate +or capitate; fl. hermaphrodite; stem naked (except +Fuirena).</em></p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn829"><span class= +"sn">829</span><span class="taxon bold">Eleocharis fistulosa</span> +<em>Schultes.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous herb; stolons long; stems 1-3 ft. long, +sharply 3-angled at top, leafless. Infl. of 1 terminal spikelet, +1-1¼ by 1/6-1/5 in., straw-coloured to brown; fertile glumes +numerous, obovate, obtuse; sta. 1-3; hypogynous bristles 6, as long +as nut, retrorse, rusty-red; style 2-3-fid, base enlarged, distinct +from nut which is ½ length of glume, straw-coloured, marked like a +grill (<em>cancellate</em>).</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn829-2" title="Eleocharis"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. atropurpurea</span> <em>Kunth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leafless glabrous annual; stems tufted, 2-6 in. long, +slender. Spikelet 1, ovoid, ⅛-¼ in. long, many-fld., greenish-red; +glumes obtuse, caducous; hypog. bristles 7, white, ½-¾ length of +nut, retrorse, sometimes short or reduced to a minute cup; style +branches 2, ½-⅔ length of glume, black.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn829-3" title="Eleocharis"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. chætaria</span> <em>Roem.</em> & +<em>Schultes.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous leafless herb; stems tufted 1-6 in. long. +Spikelets 1-2, ⅛-⅙ in. long, ovoid, pallid or reddish, maturing 1-5 +nuts; hypog. bristles 6, retrorse, length of nut, sometimes fewer; +sta. 2-3; styles 3-fid; nut obovoid white, cancellate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn829-4" title="Eleocharis"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. complanata</span> <em>C. B. Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous leafless annual; stems tufted, 6-9 in. long, +flattened. Spikelet ab. ⅙ in. long, cylindric, green marked with +red, densely fld.; glumes obtuse; hypog. bristles 0; style 3-fid; +nut ½ length of glume, white; style base bulbous, small.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn829-5" title="Eleocharis"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. microcarpa</span> <em>Torrey.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous leafless annual; stems tufted, 4-8 in. +long.—Spikelet<span class="pagenum" id="Page_420">[420]</span> ⅙-¼ +in. long, 10-20 fld., pale brown-green; glumes obtuse; hypog. +bristles 3-5, ⅓-⅔ length of nut, retrorse, white; style 3-fid; nut +hardly ½ length of glume, brownish.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn830"><span class= +"sn">830</span><span class="taxon bold">Fimbristylis +squarrosa</span> <em>Vahl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual; stems tufted, 2-7 in. long. Leaves ½-¾ length +of stem. Umbel usually compound, sometimes reduced to 2 spikelets +to a stem; bracts 3-4 ab. as long as umbel; spikelets solitary up +to ¼ by 1/12 in.; fl. dense, straw-coloured; glumes 3-5 nerved +ending in recurved bristle; sta. usually 2, style 2-fid, hairy +below bifurcation and round base of style; hypog. bristles 0 in +this genus; nut ½ length of glume, biconvex.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Majob & +Wau).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn830-2" title="Fimbristylis"><span class= +"taxon bold">F. dichotoma</span> <em>Vahl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Pubescent or puberulous annual; stems tufted, 2-10 +in. long. Leaves length of stem. Umbel compound; bracts 3-4 as long +as umbel. Spikelets many, solitary, ¼ in. long, obscurely +polygonal; fertile glumes in many spirals, rust-coloured, ovate +acute, greenish or yellowish keeled; style 2-fid, flattened, +pubescent on margins; nut ⅓ length of glume, biconvex, 5-9 ribbed, +white.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Dongola +Prov.; Berber Prov. (Shendi); Khartoum Prov. (Tuti Island); Fung +Prov. (Abdin); White Nile Prov. (Geteina).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn830-3" title="Fimbristylis"><span class= +"taxon bold">F. diphylla</span> <em>Vahl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, glabrous to pubescent; stems tufted, 4-28 in. +long. Leaves ⅓-⅔ length of stem. Umbel compound of usually many +spikelets; bracts 3-4, shorter than umbel. Spikelets solitary, ¼-½ +in. long, terete, straw-coloured, rusty brown, or variegated; +fertile glumes hardly keeled, often ciliate; style 2-fid, dilated +at base, flattened, villous on margins; nut ⅓ length of glume, +biconvex, whitish.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli, Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas & Jur Aweit; Bongo-land: Addai); Mongalla +Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn830-4" title="Fimbristylis"><span class= +"taxon bold">F. ferruginea</span> <em>Vahl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, frequently biennial; stems tufted, 8-28 in. +long. Leaves from ⅓ length of stem to almost absent, hairy or +glabrous. Umbel simple or slightly compound, of usually 5-10 +spikelets; bracts shorter than umbel. Spikelets solitary, 2/5 in. +long, ovoid oblong, dense, rust-coloured, more or less variegated +with red-brown or green; glumes ovate, upper part of back +grey-puberulous. Style 2-fid, longer than nut, flattened; nut ½ +length of glume, biconvex, pale yellow to brown.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn830-5" title="Fimbristylis"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_421">[421]</span><span class="taxon bold">F. +exilis</span> <em>Roem.</em> & <em>Schultes.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Hairy annual; stems tufted, 4-16 in. long. Leaves ⅓-½ +length of stem. Umbel of 3-14 pedicelled spikelets; bracts 3-4, as +long as umbel. Spikelets ¼-⅓ in. long, 10-12 fld., pale rusty and +chestnut; glumes ovate, acute, pubescent, keeled and mucronate; +sta. 2-3; style slightly shorter than nut, 3-fid, base dilated with +a constriction; nut ab. ½ length of glume, 3-angled, transversely +wrinkled, white to pale brown.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. +(Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Shambé, Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn830-6" title="Fimbristylis"><span class= +"taxon bold">F. cioniana</span> <em>P. Savi.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Umbel of 10-25 spikelets, rather dense. Spikelets +1/8-1/5 in. long, pale-rusty; points of glumes rather long; nut +small, yellowish, with transverse lines; otherwise as above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn830-7" title="Fimbristylis"><span class= +"taxon bold">F. Schweinfurthiana</span> <em>Boeck.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous herb; stems tufted, 8-12 in. long: basal +sheaths brown, fringed. Leaf of uppermost sheath ½ length of stem. +Umbel of 2-9 spikelets, subcompound; bracts 2-3, ½ in. long. +Spikelets 1/5 by ⅛ in., dull brown; glumes obtuse; style shorter +than nut, deciduous with pyramidal base, branches 3, long; nut less +than ½ length of glume, smooth, brown.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn830-8" title="Fimbristylis"><span class= +"taxon bold">F. subaphylla</span> <em>Boeck.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous herb; rhizome short; stems approximate, +12-16 in. long, 4-angled at top. Leaves ½-2 in. long. Umbel 2-4 in. +diam., of 30-60 spikelets; bracts 2-3, under 1 in.; spikelets ⅓ by +1/12 in., 5-14 fld., light brown; style longer than nut, deciduous +with style base, 3-fid; nut ab. ⅓ length of glume, obovoid, smooth +or warted, white or yellowish.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (main river).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn830-9" title="Fimbristylis"><span class= +"taxon bold">F. monostachya</span> <em>Vahl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous herb; stems tufted, 2-16 in. long. Leaves ½ +length of stem. Spikelet usually 1 (1-3) on each stem, ½ by 1/5 in. +and few-flowered or larger and many-fld., greenish-white or +yellowish; glumes ovate, keeled, mucronate, lower distichous, upper +spiral; style longer than nut, hairy deciduous with base, 3-fid; +nut less than ½ length of glume, pyriform, straw-coloured or pale +brown, tubercled.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nganye).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn830-10" title="Fimbristylis"><span class= +"taxon bold">F. falcifolia</span> <em>Boeck.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Pale green, glabrous herb; stems tufted, 4-6 in. +long, 5-angled compressed. Leaves few, 2-3 in. long, falcate, +margins serrulate, sheaths short. Umbel subcompound, 5-7 rayed; +bracts 3-4, ab. ½ length of umbel; rays capillary, up to 1 in. +long, with 2-3 branches. Spikelets obl.-lanc., 10-13 fld., ¼ +in.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_422">[422]</span> long; glumes +rigid, appressed, broad ovate, shortly mucronate; nut under ½ +length of glume, pale straw-coloured.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn831"><span class= +"sn">831</span><span class="taxon bold">Bulbostylis +sphærocarpus</span> <em>C. B. Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tufted annual; stem 2-5 in. long, glabrous, with 1 +spikelet. Leaves ¾ length of stem, capillary minutely hairy, +sheaths somewhat bearded in mouth. Bract ½ in. long, setaceous; +spikelet ¼ by 1/14 in., bearing a few nuts at base, male above; +fertile glumes ovate, acuminate, rust-coloured, scabrous-hairy; +hypog. bristles, none in this genus; sta. 2-3; style 3-fid, nearly +as long as nut, base persistent on nut, black; nut less than ½ +length of glume, obovoid, transverse-wavy, straw-coloured.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn831-2" title="Bulbostylis"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. filamentosa</span> <em>Kunth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tufted herb; stems 8-20 in. long, 3-angled and hairy +at top. Leaves ⅔ length of stem, setaceous; sheaths hairy, with +long white hairs in the throat. Head 1, 1/3-2/5 in. diam., of 6-14 +bright brown spikelets; bracts 2-3, lowest overtopping the head. +Spikelets 1/6 by 1/12 in., to 6-10 fld.; glumes ovate, pubescent; +sta. 3; style 3-fid, base persistent, ovoid, slightly darker than +nut; nut 2/5 length of glume, acutely 3-angled, pallid, with +obscure transverse lines.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur +Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn831-3" title="Bulbostylis"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. pusilla</span> <em>C. B. Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tufted annual; stems 1-5 in. long with 1-9 spikelets, +glabrous. Leaves ½ length of stems, setaceous. Spikelets in simple +or compound lax umbel, all solitary or some clustered 2-3 together; +bracts short, setaceous; spikelets ab. ⅛ by ½ in., but sometimes up +¼ in. broad, ab. 12 fld.; glumes ovate; sta. 2; style 3-fid, length +of nut, base persistent; nut ⅔ length of glume, broadly obovoid, +black with 2 transverse wavy lines.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (El Abiad).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn831-4" title="Bulbostylis"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. abortiva</span> <em>C. B. Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Densely tufted herb; stems 6-24 in. long, very +slender, glabrous. Leaves ½ length of stem, filiform; sheath with +few white hairs at throat. Umbel up to 4-6 in. diam., compound; +bracts much shorter than umbel, setaceous. Spikelets numerous, +pedicelled; otherwise as above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn831-5" title="Bulbostylis"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. coleotricha</span> <em>C. B. Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Stems densely tufted, 4-16 in. long, very slender, +minutely hairy at top. Leaves ½ length of stem, setaceous; sheaths +with long white hairs in throat. Umbel usually simple or compound, +2 in. diam., of numerous solitary spikelets (rarely<span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_423">[423]</span> 1-3 spikelets only); bracts +setaceous, often overtopping umbel. Spikelets ovoid, ¼ in. long, +brown; glumes ovate, obtuse, keel green; style 3-fid, as long as +nut, base persistent as a small, dark button; nut ½ length of +glume, pale brown, smooth, appearing dotted.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn832"><span class= +"sn">832</span><span class="taxon bold">Scirpus cubensis</span> +<em>Poeppig</em> & <em>Kunth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous, except glumes; stolons present or stem +decumbent and rooting; stem 1-2 ft. long, stout 3-angled at top, +nodeless. Leaves ab. as long as stem, 1/5 in. broad. Umbel simple; +heads 1-12, stellate-globose, ½ in. diam., on ped. ½-2½ in. long; +bracts up to 5-10, up to 1 ft. long. Spikelets numerous in head, +⅙-⅓ in. long, many fld.; glumes ovate, acute, rigid, margins +ciliate; hypog. bristles 0; sta. 1-3; style linear, confluent into +ovary, 2-fid; nut ⅔ length of glume, narrowly obovoid, corky at +base, smooth, beaked.</p> + +<p class="p2">Khartoum Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Main river).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn832-2" title="Scirpus"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. supinus</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous annual; stems tufted; nodeless, 2-12 in. +long, terete. Leaves usually under 1 in. long. Head 1; lowest bract +continuing the stem; 1-6 in. long. Spikelets 1-7 in the head, 1/5-½ +in. long, ellipsoid, dusky green; glumes ovate, acute, entire at +tip; hypog. bristles 0; style linear, usually 3-fid; nut obovoid, +black with transverse wavy lines.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn832-3" title="Scirpus"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. articulatus</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous annual; stems tufted, 2-12 in. long, when +dry showing transverse false septa. Leaves 0. Head 1, globose, +apparently lateral owing to lowest bract (terete as the stem) +continuing the latter, and up to 2 ft. long. Spikelets ¼-¾ in. +long, cylindric, green or mottled-purple and brown; glumes ovate, +incurved, tip entire; hypog. bristles 0; style linear, 3-fid; nut +ab. ½ length of glume, brown, smooth or transversely wavy.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile Prov. (Ganeib Assad); Kordofan Prov. (Abu +Garad); White Nile Prov. (Kosti); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur +Ghattas & Kutshuk Ali’s Zariba; Bongo: Gir & Atuoli).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn832-4" title="Scirpus"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. corymbosus</span> <em>Roth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous herb; rhizome 2-4 in. long; stems 3 ft. +long, stout, terete. Leaves 0. Umbel apparently lateral, the lower +bract 1-4 in. long continuing the stem. Spikelets clustered, ¼-⅓ +in. long, ellipsoid, dusky brown; glumes ovate, mucronate, +glabrous; hypog. bristles 0; style linear, 3-fid; nut 2/5 length of +glume, 3-angled, black, smooth, slightly wavy.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Mid Robo 8,700 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn832-5" title="Scirpus"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_424">[424]</span><span class="taxon bold">S. +maritimus</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous herb; stolons becoming rhizomes; stems 1-3 +ft. long, stout, 3-angled. Leaves as long as stem, ¼-⅓ in. broad. +Umbel compound or simple or reduced to a head of 1-3 spikelets, +rarely over 4-6 in. diam.; bracts several, lowest up to 8 in. long. +Spikelets 30-40 to the umbel, oblong, ½-1 in. long, dark brown, +often clustered; glumes ovate emarginate and mucronate, hairy at +tip; hypog. bristles 3-6, usually shorter than nut; style long, +branches 2-3, long; nut variable in size, 3-angled, obovoid, black, +smooth or reticulate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Berber Prov. (Shendi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn832-6" title="Scirpus"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. kyllingioides</span> <em>Boeck.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous perennial; stems rarely over 6 in. long, +slender, nodeless. Leaves ½ length of stem. Head 1, subglobose, ab. +⅙ in. diam., green or pale brown with glume points prominent on all +sides; bracts 3-4, spreading, longer than head. Glumes ovate, +contracted into a linear obtuse end; hypog. bristles 0; style +shorter than nut; branches 3, long; nut ⅓ length of glume, smooth, +black-brown.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Gendua River); Fung Prov.; +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn832-7" title="Scirpus"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. squarrosus</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small glabrous, tufted annual; stems 2-8 in. high, +nodeless. Leaves ⅓ length of stem. Head of 1-6 (rarely 10) +squarrose spikelets; bracts 3-5, 1-4 in. long. Spikelets ⅛-¼ in. +long, many-fld., greenish or brownish; glumes caducous in fruit, +narrowly obovate, narrowed into a mucro not longer than glume; +hypog. bristles 0; style hardly any, branches 3 short, recurved; +nut ⅔ length of glume, obovoid, 3-angled, smooth; sta. 1, or rarely +2.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn832-8" title="Scirpus"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. Isolepis</span> <em>Boeck.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous annual; stems tufted, 1-10 in. long, +setaceous. Leaves ¼-1½ in. long, setaceous. Spikelet 1 to a stem, +⅛-⅙ in. long, ovoid, not squarrose, nut-coloured, apparently +lateral owing to ¼-1 in. long bract continuing the stem; glumes +obovate, triangular at top, caducous in fruit; hypog. bristles 0, +but a very thin scale is sometimes present; sta. 1-2; style hardly +any, branches 2, short, recurved; nut length of glume, black, +smooth.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn833"><span class= +"sn">833</span><span class="taxon bold">Fuirena pubescens</span> +<em>Kunth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Hairy herb; rhizome long; stems often solitary, 4-16 +in. long, 3-angled, nodose. Leaves 6 in. long, base with a +prominent ligule, lowest bract as highest leaf. Infl. a panicle 10 +by 2 in., with remote peduncles, or reduced to 1-2 few-fld. +corymbose clusters. Spikelets ovoid, ¼-⅓ in. long; glumes +broad-elliptic, obtuse, hairy on back, blackish-green, +ending<span class="pagenum" id="Page_425">[425]</span> in a bristle +⅓-½ length of glume; hypog. bristles 0 or rudimentary; style 3-fid; +nut less than ½ length of glume, white.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (main river near Nuer +villages).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn833-2" title="Fuirena"><span class= +"taxon bold">F. glomerata</span> <em>Lam.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Hairy annual; stems 4-16 in. long. Leaves 4-6 in. +long. Panicle oblong of a few clusters. Spikelets ⅓-½ by ⅛-⅙ in.; +glumes dark green to dull brown, keel continued in a long bristle; +hypog. bristles 3 or 6, outer linear or 0, 3 inner as long as nut, +broad, quadrate, toothed, clawed, falling with the nut; nut ½ +length of glume, pallid, acuminate both ends, beak narrow; style +3-fid.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Bor).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn833-3" title="Fuirena"><span class= +"taxon bold">F. leptostachya</span> <em>Oliv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual. Leaves 4-8 in. long. Spikelets ¼-⅓ by +1/16-1/10 in.; 3 interior hypog. bristles as long as nut, lamina +small, oval, or with 2 recurved teeth.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas; Bongo: Gir); Bahr +El Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn833-4" title="Fuirena"><span class= +"taxon bold">F. umbellata</span> <em>Rottb.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Hairy or only the glumes; rhizome stout; stems 1½-5 +ft. long, nodose. Leaves up to 6 by ½ in. Pan. long, oblong often +with many axillary compound corymbs and 200-600 spikelets. +Spikelets ¼-⅓ by ⅛-⅙ green or dull chestnut-coloured. Glume +elliptic, keel produced into a curved bristle; hypog. bristles: 3 +outer small or absent, 3 inner as long as nut, obovate, hardly +clawed; style 3-fid, linear; nut ½ length of glume, acuminate at +both ends, pallid to brown, beak small, narrow.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas; +Niamniam-land: Yubbo River); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El +Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn834"><span class= +"sn">834</span><span class="taxon bold">Lipocarpha argentea</span> +<em>R. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous herb; rhizome up to 1½ in.; stems tufted, +4-24 in. long, nodeless. Leaves ⅓ to full length of stem. Head 1; +bracts 2-3, horizontal, lowest 1-4 in. long. Spikelets 3-10, ¼-½ +in. long, ovoid or cylindric; glumes dense in numerous spirals, +obovate, obtuse, incurved in fruit; hypog. scales (not bristles) +shorter than glume; sta. 2; style ⅔ length of nut, branches 2-3 +short; nut ½ length of scale, brown-black, smooth.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Meshra El +Rek); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn834-2" title="Lipocarpha"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. Prieuriana</span> <em>Steud.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous herb; stems tufted, 4-16 in. long, 3-angled. +Leaves ¼-½ length of stem. Spikelets 3-18 to a head, ⅓ by ⅛ in., +cylindric, dense, smooth, reddish to purple; bracts 3-7, spreading, +up to 4 in. long; glumes broadly obovate, obtuse; hypog. hyaline +scales 2, lower suborbicular, 5-nerved; nut obovoid-globose; style +branches 3, almost sessile.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn835"><span class= +"sn">835</span><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_426">[426]</span><span class="taxon bold">Ascolepis +protea</span> <em>Welw.</em> <span class="taxon bold">var.</span> +β. <span class="taxon bold">bellidiflora</span> <em>Welw.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous herb; stems 4-15 in. long, nodeless. Leaves +½ length of stem. Head 1 of 1-6 spikelets, straw-coloured, ¼-¾ in. +diam., hemispheric or subglobose; bracts 3-4, 1-2½ in. long. Glumes +lin.-lanc., hyaline scale (<em>squamella</em>) solitary, up to ⅓-½ +in. long or more; protruding beyond glume; sta. 1; style ½ length +of nut, 2-3-fid; nut minute, dark brown.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn835-2" title="Ascolepis"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. capensis</span> <em>Benth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous herb; stems tufted, 8-20 in. long. Leaves +½-¾ length of stem, narrow. Head of 1-3 spikelets, fused or nearly +distinct, whitish; bracts 3, lowest 1-4 in. long, spreading. +Spikelets ⅓-½ in. long, ovoid, dense; glumes oblong, shorter than +the solitary squamella, which is flattened and shaped as a +watch-pocket with a beak to the front up to ⅙ in. long. Style +2-fid, hardly exserted from the pocket; nut sessile, black, +compressed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Upper White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: +Jur Ghattas, Jur Aweit); Bahr El Jebel.</p> + +<p class="famsect">(<em>iii</em>) <em>Empty glumes at base of +spikelet 3; fertile glume 1; hypogynous bristles 6; inflorescence +panicled; fertile fl. bisexual.</em></p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn836"><span class= +"sn">836</span><span class="taxon bold">Rhynchospora aurea</span> +<em>Vahl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Nearly glabrous herb; stem nodose, 3-6 ft. long. +Leaves 1-2 ft. by ½ in. Panicle up to 16 in. long with lower +axillary distant corymbs 2-5 in. diam., bearing 100-200 spikelets. +Spikelets usually in clusters of 3-10; hypog. bristles 6, barbed +upwards; style subentire or obscurely 2-fid, base dilated; nut ½ +length of glume, notched each side, beak as long as nut.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="famsect">(<em>iv</em>) <em>Flowers unisexual; spikelets +with 1 fem. flower only; infl. panicled or capitate; hypog. +bristles 0 to many.</em></p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn837"><span class= +"sn">837</span><span class="taxon bold">Scleria pergracilis</span> +<em>Kunth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Almost glabrous annual; stems tufted, 1-2 ft. long, +nodose, slender. Leaves 4-12 in. long, narrow. Spikelets many, +bearing both male and fem. fl. in clusters of 2-5, ⅛-⅙ in. long, +sessile, on a spike 2-5 in. long; bracts to the clusters ovate, +acute, ab. length of clusters, 2-sexual (monœcious) spikelet of ab. +7 glumes, 2 lowest empty, the third carrying the nut, ⅛-⅙ in. long, +elliptic-oblong, dark brown; upper glumes male or empty; also many +spikelets similar to foregoing, without fem. fl.; sta. 1-3; anthers +crested; style linear 3-fid, not dilated at base; nut minute, +white; hypog. bristles 0.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn837-2" title="Scleria"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. melanotricha</span> <em>A. Rich.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Hairy annual; stems 4-24 in. long, slender. Leaves +½-⅔ length<span class="pagenum" id="Page_427">[427]</span> of stem. +Spike 2-7 in. long, ciliate, with long rusty-black or white hairs, +with cluster of 3-12 spikelets, ¼-⅓ in. diam., sessile, pendent; +bracts inconspicuous. Spikelets 1/5 in. long, black-red or pallid; +nut 1/16 in. long, straw-coloured; otherwise much as above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Gir).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn837-3" title="Scleria"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. Buchanani</span> <em>Boeck.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Sparsely hairy perennial; stems 12-20 in. long, base +bulbous. Leaves 4-12 in. long. Spike subsimple, 3-6 in. long; lower +bracts often longer than the clusters of 4-10 spikelets, which are +suberect in fruit and 1/5 in. long; nut minute, white, smooth.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn837-4" title="Scleria"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. Schweinfurthiana</span> <em>Boeck.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Thinly hairy perennial; stems 1-2 ft. long, not +bulbous. Leaves 4-12 in. long. Spike subsimple with 10-14 clusters +of often 10-12 spikelets on a rhachis 4-8 in. long; spikelets ¼ in. +long, ellipsoid-oblong, chestnut-coloured; nut white, tubercled on +shoulders, minute.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla +Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn837-5" title="Scleria"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. glandiformis</span> <em>Boeck.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Herb, nearly glabrous except ligule; stems 16-24 in. +long. Leaves up to 1 ft. long. Panicle with lower peduncle remote, +nearly included in sheath of the bract, carrying oblong +inflorescences with 6-12 nuts, whence bracts ½-1½ in. long diverge; +monœcious spikes none, or very few. Spikelets nearly ¼ in. long, +straw-coloured, marked with brown; nut ⅙ in. long, cylindric, +tessellated, stalked, with short pallid 3- (ovate) lobed +straw-coloured hypog. disk, hardly longer than the stalks of the +nut.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn837-6" title="Scleria"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. globonux</span> <em>C. B. Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leaves with spreading hairs or glabrate. Nut large, +globose, tessellate, minutely hairy on edge of reticulations; +hypog. disc 3-lobed, lobes subquadrate; otherwise as above.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn837-7" title="Scleria"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. complanata</span> <em>Boeck.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual; stems 3 ft. long, minutely rusty retrorse +scabrous. Leaves 4-12 in. long. Lowest axillary ped. hardly +exserted from sheath; ped. carrying 1-4 fem. fl.; nut-bearing +spikelets ab. ¼ in. long, pale green or reddish; spikelet bract as +long as it; nut small, subglobose, tessellated, pallid; hypog. disc +short funnel-shaped with 3 thin straw-coloured ovate lobes.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn837-8" title="Scleria"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. Schimperiana</span> <em>Boeck.</em> <span class= +"taxon bold">var. hypoxis</span> <em>C. B. Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Slightly hairy herb; stems 16 in. long. Leaves 12 in. +long, ¼ in. or more broad, very obtuse at tip. Lowest axillary ped. +exserted 1-2 in., carrying 3-5 nuts. Fem. spikelets ¼ in. +long,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_428">[428]</span> +chestnut-brown; nut large, depressed globose, smooth, white; hypog. +disc with 3 small oblong, pallid lobes.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn837-9" title="Scleria"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. canaliculato-triquetra</span> <em>Boeck.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Robust herb; stem 3-5 ft. long. Leaves 8-12 by ¼-⅓ +in. Lowest axillary peduncle remote, often exserted 3-6 in., +carrying up to 20-50 spikelets. Nut ⅛ in. long, ovoid, white, +smooth; 3 lobes of disc small, tipped with minute tails.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn837-10" title="Scleria"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. gracillima</span> <em>Boeck.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Very slender, glabrous herb; stems 16-24 in. long, +almost capillary, each bearing 2-3 nuts. Leaves 4-8 in. long, +narrow. Pan. very slender, with few branches; lowest ped. remote, +exserted ½-1½ in., nodding, with 1 nut. Spikelets all 1-sexual, the +fem. scarcer, 1/6-1/5 in. long; nut minute, globose, smooth, white; +lobes of disc 3, short, rounded.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn837-11" title="Scleria"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. melanomphala</span> <em>Kunth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Robust, glabrate to hairy herb; rhizome creeping; +stems 2-3 ft. long, scabrous to smooth, 3-angled. Leaves up to 24 +by ⅓ in., scabrous on margins. Infl. straggling 1-2 ft., compound, +partial panicles dense oblong to linear. Spikelets 1-sexual, ¼-⅓ +in. long, green or mottled with brown; nut ⅛ in. long, ovoid, +smooth, white or with black tip; disc obpyramidal, large, ruddy +black, margin triangular yellow; lobes 0.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: River Hoo, +Buddu); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn837-12" title="Scleria"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. racemosa</span> <em>Poir.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Robust, glabrous herb; rhizome thick scaly; stems 3-6 +ft. long. Leaves 1-2 ft. by ½-1¼ in. 3-nerved, scabrous on margins, +near top suddenly narrowed; sheaths 3-winged; ligule ovate +3-angular, up to ¼ in. long. Infl. up to 1 ft. long; partial +panicles 2-3 in. long on stout axillary peduncles, forming a +terminal compound panicle. Spikelets 1-sexual, 1/5 in. long, pallid +or dark; fem. glumes ovate, shorter than nut; nut ¼-⅙ in. long, +ovoid, white or coloured; disc thickened, the lobes forming a cup +with densely ciliate margin, holding the base of the nut.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla +Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn838"><span class= +"sn">838</span><span class="taxon bold">Diplacrum africanum</span> +<em>C. B. Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Weak, nearly glabrous annual; stems tufted, 2-5 in. +long, leafy. Leaves 1-1½ in. by 1/8-1/5 in., tip suddenly +acuminate. Infl. of minute axillary heads often all up the stem. +Spikelets ab. 1/10 in. long, ovate-lanc., greenish, all 1-sexual; +nut minute, subglobose, white, striate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Bahr El +Jebel (Madi).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn839"><span class= +"sn">839</span><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_429">[429]</span><span class="taxon bold">Eriospora +schweinfurthiana</span> <em>C. B. Clarke.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Glabrous perennial; stems tufted, 2 ft. high, bearing +leaves all the way up. Leaves 4-16 by ¼ in.; sheaths stout, +straw-coloured, imbricate, striate, split as in grasses with a ring +of short hairs in the mouth. Pan. 8-14 in. long with several +peduncles, 3-6 in. long, from each sheath, often carrying narrow +panicles. Spikelets ⅓ in. long, 2-3-fid, dusky straw-coloured; +bracts ovate, acuminate; glumes ovate; hypog. hairs numerous, fine; +sta. 1-3; nut from an ovoid base tapering into a beak, altogether +ab. 1/5 in. long; style short, branches 3, longer.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Baginze +mountain).</p> + +<h3 class="bold xxlarge"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_430">[430]</span><a id="gramine"></a><span class= +"taxon bold">GRAMINEÆ.</span> +</h3> + +<p class="center large"><a id="keygrass"></a>A KEY TO THE GENERA OF +GRASSES.</p> + +<p class="center">Adapted from O. Stapf. in <em>Flora of Tropical +Africa</em>, vol. ix.</p> + +<p class="keytribe">Subfamily I. PANICOIDEÆ.</p> + +<p class="keytribe2">Mature spikelets falling entire from their +pedicels, or with them; perfect spikelets with two heteromorphous +flowers, the upper perfect, the lower male or barren.</p> + +<p class="keytribe keylvl1">Tribe I. MAYDEÆ.</p> + +<p class="keytribe2 keylvl1">Sexes in different inflorescences, +male spikelets in large terminal panicles, female spikelets in +“cobs” in the axils of the lower leaves.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2">Only genus.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn840">840</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Zea</span></p> + +<p class="keytribe keylvl1">Tribe II. ANDROPOGONEÆ.</p> + +<p class="keytribe2 keylvl1">Spikelets in pairs, usually one +sessile, the other stalked, very rarely both stalked. Glumes more +or less rigid, and firmer than the valves, the lower always larger +than the florets. Valves membranous, often transparent, that of the +upper floret awned or reduced to an awn, or blunt.</p> + +<div class="key"> +<p class="keyline keylvl1">A. Joints and pedicels more or less +stout, three cornered or rounded.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2">i. Fertile spikelets 2-flowered; fertile +floret awned from the sinus of the 2-divided or 2-toothed +valve.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3">(a) Racemes in pairs or digitate.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4">(b) Pedicelled spikelets developed; +lower glume flat, keels frequently winged or marginate.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn841">841</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Ischæmum</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4">(bb) Pedicelled spikelets represented by +a narrow curved pedicel, lower glume convex, covered all over with +transverse much raised teeth or warts, not keeled.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn842">842</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Thelepogon</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3">(aa) Racemes always solitary on the +stems or branches. Glumes not winged, the upper of the sessile +spikelets with a silky-haired awn.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn843">843</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Sehima</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2">ii. Fertile spikelets 1- or 2-flowered, +fertile florets awnless.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3">(a) Racemes in spatheate inflorescences, +racemosely arranged on a common axis, or subpaniculate or +solitary.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4">(b) Lower glume smooth, long tailed, +racemes digitate, spikelets 2-flowered.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn844">844</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Vossia</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4">(bb) Lower glume rough, not tailed, +racemes panicled, spikelets 1-flowered.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn845">845</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Jardinea</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_431">[431]</span>(aa) Racemes at the end of the stems and +their branches, in a false spatheate panicle, or solitary and +terminal on simple or sparingly branched stems.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4">(b) Sessile spikelets small, globose, +1-flowered; joints and pedicels fused.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn846">846</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Manisuris</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4">(bb) Sessile spikelets not globose.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5">(c) Racemes usually more or less with +long soft hairs, never cylindrical, joints and pedicels moderately, +stout, gaping.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6">(d) Spikelets 2-flowered, very softly +hairy all over.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn847">847</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Lasiurus</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6">(dd) Spikelets 1-flowered, racemes more +or less hairy from the joints and pedicels or the edges of the +spikelets; lower glume with a transparent oil-duct inside each +keel, or a fringe of hairy warts.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn848">848</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Elyonurus</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5">(cc) Racemes smooth (not hairy), +cylindrical, particularly when the spikelets are closed.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6">(d) Pedicels and joints fused.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7">(e) Racemes stout, few from each stem, +sessile spikelets 2-flowered.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn849">849</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Rottbœllia</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7">(ee) Racemes slender in ample spatheate +panicles, sessile, spikelets 1-flowered.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn850">850</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Ophiurus</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6">(dd) Pedicels free from the joints.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7">(e) Pedicels club-shaped, joints +cup-shaped, gaping, spikelets of each pair similar, 2-flowered +smooth.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn851">851</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Chasmopodium</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7">(ee) Pedicels and joints touching the +main axis behind. Pedicels spikelets usually much reduced, back of +the lower glume usually transversely rough.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn852">852</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Rhytachne</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl1">AA. Joints and pedicels slender, +thread-like, of uniform width or wedge or club-shaped; fertile +spikelets usually 1-flowered and awned.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2">(i) All spikelets alike in shape and +sex.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3">(a) Axis of racemes tough, all spikelets +pedicelled. Racemes in spike-like or spindle-shaped solitary +panicles, spikelets blunt, not awned, glumes delicate.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn853">853</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Imperata</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3">(aa) Axis of racemes readily breaking up +at joints; spikelets paired, one sessile, the other pedicelled. +Panicles wide, more or less silvery and feathery; spikelets usually +armed.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn854">854</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Saccharum</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2">(ii) The spikelets of each pair +different in sex and frequently also in shape and size, or if alike +in sex, then both male or neuter.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_432">[432]</span>(a) Racemes in more or less compound +espatheate panicles; pedicels without a translucent middle line. +Stalked spikelets male, neuter, or quite suppressed. Awn from the +sinus of the 2 divided valve.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4">(b) Spikelets compressed on the back (at +least when in flower).</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn855">855</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Sorghum</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4">(bb) Spikelets more or less compressed +laterally.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5">(c) Racemes of many pairs of +spikelets.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn856">856</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Vetiveria</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5">(cc) Racemes usually reduced to 1 +sessile male, and 2 pedicelled or barren spikelets.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn857">857</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Chrysopogon</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3">(aa) Racemes not in compound espatheate +panicles, or if so, then the pedicels with a translucent middle +line.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4">(b) Fertile valve awned from low down on +the back.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn859">859</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Arthraxon</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4">(bb) Fertile valve awned from the sinus +of a 2-divided or 2-dentate valve, or continuing the more or less +minutely stalked valve.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5">(c) Margins of the lower glume of the +fertile spikelets incurved and the glume sharply 2-keeled more or +less all along, with a short, obtuse, hard point. Awn smooth or +roughish, very rarely hairy. <i>Andropogon</i> (sp.).</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6">(d) spikelets awned, the awn forming a +continuation of the minutely stalked fertile glume.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7">(e) Racemes digitate or racemosely +arranged.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8">(f) Sessile spikelets of all pairs +perfect, awned.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn860">860</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Amphilophis</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8">(ff) Sessile spikelets of the lowest 1-3 +pairs male or neuter, and awnless.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn861">861</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Dichanthium</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7">(ee) Racemes solitary.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn858">858</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Eremopogon</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6">(dd) Awn from the sinus of the 2-divided +or 2-toothed fertile valve.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7">(e) Racemes solitary at the ends of the +stalks and their branches, usually gathered into a narrow, lax, +spatheate, false panicle; joints and pedicels often somewhat +stout.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8">(f) Pedicelled spikelets not +conspicuously larger than the sessile, very often smaller to very +small, upper glume awnless.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn862">862</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Schizachyrium</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8">(ff) Pedicelled spikelets very much +larger than the sessile, almost concealing them; upper glume +awned.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn863">863</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Diectomis</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_433">[433]</span>(ee) Racemes mostly in pairs at the end of +undivided stalks, or gathered into spatheate false, or true, +panicles, each pair supported or surrounded by a spathe; more +rarely the racemes digitate, the lateral always sessile, joints and +pedicels narrow and of uniform width.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8">(f) Racemes mostly in pairs or sometimes +digitate at the end of simple or almost simple stems.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn864">864</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Andropogon</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8">(ff) Racemes always in pairs, with a +spathe or sheath supporting or surrounding each pair, gathered into +often much divided spatheate panicles, mostly aromatic grasses.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn865">865</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Cymbopogon</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5">(cc) Margins of the lower glume of the +fertile spikelet inrolled and 2-keeled only close to the tips, with +the hardened base elongate and sharp pointed. Awn hairy or +glabrous.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6">(d) Awn from the sinus of the 2-divided +fertile valve.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7">(e) Racemes paired in more or less +compound panicles; awn hairy.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8">Only genus.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn866">866</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Hyparrhenia</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7">(ee) Racemes usually much reduced, +solitary at the end of the stalks and their branches, or in more or +less compound panicles; awns smooth.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8">Only genus.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn867">867</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Monocymbium</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6">(dd) Awn from the minutely stalked +fertile valve, hairy.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7">(e) Racemes many-jointed, solitary.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8">Only genus.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn868">868</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Heteropogon</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7">(ee) Racemes few-jointed, much +contracted solitary on the branches of decompound panicles.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8">Only genus.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn869">869</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Themeda</span></p> +</div> + +<p class="keytribe keylvl1">Tribe III. PANICEÆ.</p> + +<p class="keytribe2 keylvl1">Spikelets in usually continuous +spikes, racemes or panicles. Glumes thin and green or membranous, +the lower generally smaller, very small or suppressed. Lower valve +generally resembling the glumes in structure and nerves, the upper +fertile firmer, at length rigid, often papery to brittle, awnless, +very rarely shortly pointed (<i>Urochloa</i>, <i>Alloteropsis</i> +sp.), or finely awned (<i>Alloteropsis</i> sp.).</p> + +<div class="key"> +<p class="keyline keylvl1">A. Inflorescence of usually slender +(stout in <i>Alloteropsis</i>) spike-like, digitate, very rarely +solitary racemes. Fruiting valve with usually flat, thin to +transparent margins, often brown or black.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2">(a) Spikelets quite awnless.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn870">870</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Digitaria</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2">(aa) Spikelets slender awned from the +fertile valve.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn871">871</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Alloteropsis</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl1"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_434">[434]</span>AA. Inflorescence various, not as A. +Fruiting valve with more or less inrolled margins, usually brittle, +straw coloured or whitish.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2">(a) Spikelets falling entire and singly +from the persistent pedicels.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3">(b) Spikelets not awned, or if awned, +with the awn from the undivided tips of the upper glume and lower +valve.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4">(c) Inflorescence not an open or +contracted and cylindrical panicle, usually composed of spikelike +racemes, the spikelets of which face one direction.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5">(d) Back of the fruit away from the +axis.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6">(e) Lower glume rudimentary, forming +with the base of its stalk a swollen annular callus. Fruit minutely +pointed.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn872">872</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Eriochloa</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6">(ee) No callus at the base of the +spikelet, lower glume present.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn873">873</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Brachiaria</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5">(dd) Back of fruit turned to axis.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6">(e) Lower glume absent.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn874">874</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Paspalum</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6">(ee) Lower glume developed.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7">(f) Glumes neither awned nor tailed.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8">(g) Spikelets crowded, more or less +contiguous.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9">(h) Fruiting valve acute, not shortly +pointed, spikelets solitary, closely 2-rowed, false spikes +rigid.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn875">875</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Paspalidium</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9">(hh) Fruiting valve obtuse, abruptly +short pointed or tipped, spikelets solitary or paired, false spikes +often curved or bent.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn876">876</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Urochloa</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8">(gg) Spikelets very laxly arranged, in +one row.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn878">878</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Acroceras</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7">(ff) Glumes with a tail or awn.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8">(g) Glumes awned from the undivided, +acute or tapering tip, or prolonged into a tail. Racemes dense, +more or less one sided.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn877">877</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Echinochloa</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8">(gg) Glumes awned from the slightly +notched tip.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn879">879</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Oplismenus</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4">(cc) Inflorescence an open panicle, or +cylindrical and spikelike.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5">(d) Spikelets not supported by +bristle-like branches, inflorescence a panicle.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn880">880</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Panicum</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5">(dd) Spikelets without bristles, but +inflorescence composed of cylindrical false spikes with a stout +axis, spikelets more or less swollen.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn881">881</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Sacciolepis</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_435">[435]</span>(ddd) All the spikelets, or only the upper +of each branch supported by bristle-like branchlets. Inflorescence +cylindrical and spike-like.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn882">882</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Setaria</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3">(bb) Spikelets finely awned from the +notched tips of the upper glume, and barren valve.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4">(c) Upper glume swollen at or below +middle, 5-nerved, nerves faint, hidden by copious and long silky +hairs.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn883">883</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Tricholæna</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl4">(cc) Upper glume, not swollen, +5-7-nerved, nerves conspicuous.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn884">884</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Melinis</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2">(aa) Spikelets falling in groups, or if +singly, then surrounded by a whorl of bristles, or at least +supported by 1 to several bristles.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3">(b) Whorl of bracts formed by hardened +lower glumes of the spikelets of each cluster, clusters +spike-like.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn885">885</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Anthephora</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3">(bb) Whorl formed of bristles, sometimes +feathery, free, is not united.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn886">886</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Pennisetum</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3">(bbb) Whorl of spines or rigid bristles +united at the base into a hard cup.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn887">887</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Cenchrus</span></p> +</div> + +<p class="keytribe">Subfamily II. POOIDEÆ.</p> + +<p class="keytribe2">Mature spikelets breaking up, leaving the +persistent or sub-persistent glumes on the pedicel, or if falling +entire, not consisting of 2 heteromorphous flowers as in +Panicoideæ.</p> + +<div class="key"> +<p class="keyline keylvl1">A. Blades of leaves never transversely +veined.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2">B. Awn of the fertile floret, if +present, kneed and twisted below the knee, or straight in reduced +forms. (Up to <i>Perotis</i>.)</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3">C. Florets 2 or more. (Up to +<i>Phragmites</i>.)</p> + +<p class="keytribe keylvl4">Tribe IV. ARUNDINELLEÆ.</p> + +<p class="keytribe2 keylvl4">Florets 2, heteromorphous, the lower +awnless or barren. Lower valve awnless, upper always awned, at +length firm or hard. Awn from the sinus between 2 sometimes minute +lobes, usually kneed and twisted below the knee.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5">(a) Spikelets solitary on distinct +pedicels.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn888">888</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Trichopteryx</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5">(aa) Spikelets in clusters of 3.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn889">889</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Tristachya</span></p> + +<p class="keytribe keylvl4">Tribe V. AVENEÆ.</p> + +<p class="keytribe2 keylvl4">Florets 2 to many, all alike, glumes +generally transparent, thin, and dry. Awn if present, from the back +or from the sinus, kneed and usually twisted below the knee.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5">(a) Valves awned from the back.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn890">890</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Avena</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_436">[436]</span>(aa) Valve awned from the sinus of the more +or less distinctly 2-lobed tip.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn891">891</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Danthonia</span></p> + +<p class="keytribe keylvl4">Tribe VI. ARUNDINEÆ.</p> + +<p class="keytribe2 keylvl4">Florets 2 to many, enveloped by very +long hairs. Glumes and valves membranous, often clear, awnless or +minutely awned from the tips.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5">Only genus.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn892">892</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Phragmites</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3">CC. Floret one. (Up to +<i>Perotis</i>.)</p> + +<p class="keytribe keylvl4">Tribe VII. AGROSTEÆ.</p> + +<p class="keytribe2 keylvl4">Floret 1. Valve membranous or thin and +green, not or hardly changed when mature, usually ending abruptly. +Awn, if present, from the back.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5">(a) Spikelets in compact heads or false +spikes, glumes awnless.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn893">893</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Heleochloa</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5">(aa) Spikelets not in compact false +spikes, more or less spike-like, glumes awned from the notched or +lobed tips.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn894">894</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Polypogon</span></p> + +<p class="keytribe keylvl4">Tribe VIII. STIPEÆ.</p> + +<p class="keytribe2 keylvl4">Floret 1. Valve hardened when mature, +tightly enveloping the fruit, awn terminal. Awns 3, from the entire +tip; or one, simple below and 3 branched above.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn895">895</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Aristida</span></p> + +<p class="keytribe keylvl4">Tribe IX. ZOYSIEÆ.</p> + +<p class="keytribe2 keylvl4">Floret 1, mature spikelets falling +entire and singly, or in clusters. Valve small, delicately +membranous. Spikelets in slender spike-like panicles or +racemes.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5">(a) Glumes awnless and at least the +upper rough.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6">(b) Spikelets in sessile clusters of +2-4; lower glume minute, transparent or suppressed.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn896">896</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Tragus</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6">(bb) Spikelets in pairs, or solitary on +a flattened stalk and falling with it, both glumes rough.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn897">897</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Latipes</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5">(aa) Glumes drawn out into a long fine +awn. Spikelets solitary, smooth, spikes usually long.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn898">898</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Perotis</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl2">BB. Awn of fertile floret, if present, +never kneed and twisted below the knee. (Up to <i>Bromus</i>.)</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3">C. Valves typically 3-nerved. (Up to +<i>Tripogon</i>.)</p> + +<p class="keytribe keylvl4">Tribe X. SPOROBOLEÆ.</p> + +<p class="keytribe2 keylvl4">Floret 1. Glumes and valves very +similar. Valve membranous, acute or obtuse, not changed when ripe, +awnless, usually olive or olive grey. Seed often free in the +delicate seed-coat.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5">Only genus.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn899">899</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Sporobolus</span></p> + +<p class="keytribe keylvl4"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_437">[437]</span>Tribe XI. ERAGROSTEÆ.</p> + +<p class="keytribe2 keylvl4">Florets usually numerous (1 in +<i>Leptochloa</i> sp.) and protruding from the glumes. Spikelets +pedicelled and variously panicled, or sessile or subsessile in +spikes which are racemosely arranged. Glumes and valves rather +similar. Valves membranous, very often olive green or olive grey, +very rarely with a very short awn. (<i>Diplachne</i> sp.).</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5">(a) Valves undivided, not short pointed, +usually smooth, occasionally hairy. (<i>Eragrostis</i> sp.).</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6">(b) Spikes straight, crowded into a long +narrow dense panicle, spikelets very closely packed.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn900">900</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Desmostachya</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6">(bb) Spikelets usually in panicles, +rarely in spikes.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn901">901</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Eragrostis</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5">(aa) Valves usually notched and minutely +pointed, frequently more or less hairy near the base or along the +sides.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6">(b) Spikelets much over 1/25 in. long, +in often flexuous spike-like racemes, or in short contracted +panicles; valves often dark.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn902">902</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Diplachne</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6">(bb) Spikelets rarely over 1/25 in. long +in very slender spikes on a long common axis, valves usually pale +with green nerves.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn903">903</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Leptochloa</span></p> + +<p class="keytribe keylvl4">Tribe XII. CHLORIDEÆ.</p> + +<p class="keytribe2 keylvl4">Spikelets sessile or subsessile, in +2-ranked, secund, usually very dense, rarely loose spikes; spikes +solitary, or digitate, or racemosely arranged on a common axis. +Valves generally membranous to papery. Awn, if any, straight, fine, +from the blunt or notched tip, or all 3 nerves running out into +short awns or bristles.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5">(a) Valves undivided, notched, or more +or less 2-toothed or 2-lobed, blunt, or with the middle nerve +running out into an awn, or minute point. (<i>Trichoneura</i>.)</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6">(b) Spikelets 1-flowered.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7">(c) Spikelets with long flexuous awns in +dense digitate spikes.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn904">904</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Schœnefeldia</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7">(cc) Spikelets awnless or very shortly +awned.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8">(d) Spikes solitary.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn905">905</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Microchloa</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8">(dd) Spikes always digitate.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn906">906</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Cynodon</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6">(bb) Spikelets with several florets.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7">(c) Spikelets with 1, rarely 2 +(<i>Chloris</i> sp.), fertile, and 1 or several imperfect florets +above or below the fertile.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8">(d) Fertile florets with imperfect +florets above it.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9">(e) Valves with a short erect awn from +the notched tips. Spikelets in long, secund solitary spikes.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn907">907</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Enteropogon</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_438">[438]</span>(ee) Spikelets in digitate spikes, rarely +solitary; valves awned from below the tips.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn908">908</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Chloris</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8">(dd) Fertile florets with 2 imperfect +florets below and 2 or more above. Spikes solitary, secund, +compact, upper glume turning from the axis, with a stiff bristle +from the back.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn909">909</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Ctenium</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl7">(cc) Spikelets with 2 or more fertile +florets, and without imperfect ones below them.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8">(d) Valves awnless, or with a rigid +point or very short awn from the fine tips, undivided or nearly +so.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9">(e) Spikelets in digitate or subdigitate +spikes.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl10">(f) Glumes broad, not keeled, grain +deeply hollowed out on the face.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn910">910</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Cœlachyrum</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl10">(ff) Glumes strongly keeled; grain not +hollowed out.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl11">(g) Spikes terminated by a spikelet, +glumes and valves not finely pointed or obscurely so.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn911">911</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Eleusine</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl11">(gg) Spikes terminating with a sharp +point; upper glume and valves rigidly sharp pointed or shortly +awned.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn912">912</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Dactyloctenium</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl9">(ee) Spikelets in racemose spikes.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn913">913</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Dinebra</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl8">(dd) Valves distinctly blunt, toothed or +lobed, the middle nerve of the valve running out into a fine point +or short awn.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn914">914</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Trichoneura</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5">(aa) Valves variously toothed or lobed, +with the middle and side nerves running out into awns or sharp +points.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6">(b) Spikelets usually pedicelled, in +open or contracted panicles, valves toothed, or lobed, and 3-awned, +awns fine and bristle-like.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn915">915</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Triraphis</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl6">(bb) Spikelets sessile, in solitary or +racemosely arranged, often very short spikes.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn916">916</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Tripogon</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3">CC. Valves 5- to many-nerved. (Up to +<i>Bromus</i>.)</p> + +<p class="keytribe keylvl4">Tribe XIII. PAPPOPHOREÆ.</p> + +<p class="keytribe2 keylvl4">Valves broad, cleft into 2 to many, +sometimes, awnlike lobes, with or without alternating straight awns +from the sinuses.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5">(a) Fertile floret 1; valves cleft into +9 awl-like, awn-like lobes.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn917">917</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Enneapogon</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_439">[439]</span>(aa) Fertile florets 3-5; valves cleft into +4 transparent lobes alternating with 5 straight awns from the +sinuses.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn918">918</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Schmidtia</span></p> + +<p class="keytribe keylvl4">Tribe XIV. ORYZEÆ.</p> + +<p class="keytribe2 keylvl4">Spikelets all alike, or more or less +differing and unisexual. Fertile floret 1, awnless, rarely even +with a bristle; terminal with 2 minute empty florets below it, +solitary; glumes very minute or suppressed.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5">(a) Spikelets panicled, fertile valve +coriaceous, lower florets represented by two scales or bristles +falling with the mature fruit.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn919">919</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Oryza</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5">(aa) Spikelets panicled, fertile valves +papery, lower florets quite suppressed.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn920">920</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Leersia</span></p> + +<p class="keytribe keylvl4">Tribe XV. FESTUCEÆ. Fertile florets 2 +to many, rarely 1, protruding from the glumes. Glumes more or less +resembling the valves in general appearance. Awns, if any, not +kneed, terminal or subterminal.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5">(a) Spikelets sessile in long cylindric +dense or often interrupted spikes, spikelets breaking up at +maturity. Glumes and valves drawn out into long fine points.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn921">921</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Elytrophorus</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5">(aa) Spikelets in compact ovoid heads, +or short interrupted spikes; glumes and valves broad.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn922">922</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Æluropus</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl5">(aaa) Spikelets in loose, more or less +open panicles; valves lance-shaped, rounded on the back.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn923">923</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Bromus</span></p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl1">AA. Leaf blades transversely veined, or +if not so, then tall shrubs with woody stems.</p> + +<p class="keytribe keylvl2">Tribe XVI. PHAREÆ.</p> + +<p class="keytribe2 keylvl2">Spikelets heteromorphous, unisexual, +monoecious, the male small. Floret 1. One or both glumes of the +male often minute. Leaf blades flat, very broad, many nerved, and +definitely stalked.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3">Only genus.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn924">924</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Olyra</span></p> + +<p class="keytribe keylvl2">Tribe XVII. BAMBUSEÆ.</p> + +<p class="keytribe2 keylvl2">Shrubs or trees, leaf blades flat. +Florets one to many. Valves thin green to leathery.</p> + +<p class="keyline keylvl3">Only genus.</p> + +<p class="keyright"><a class="link2" href="#sn925">925</a> +<span class="taxon bold">Oxytenanthera</span></p> +</div> + +<p class="species1" id="sn840"><span class= +"sn">840</span><span class="taxon bold">Zea Mays</span> +<em>Linn.</em> DURA SHAMI, EISH ER RIF—Arab; MAINTAF—Nuer.</p> + +<p class="p2">The Maize Plant. A tall annual grass with sexes in +different inflorescences, the male spikelets in terminal +panicles,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_440">[440]</span> the +female in the axils of the sheathing leaves, forming a “cob.”</p> + +<p class="p2">Pollination is affected by the wind.</p> + +<p class="p2">Cultivated throughout the Sudan.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn841"><span class= +"sn">841</span><span class="taxon bold">Ischæmum +brachyatherum</span> <em>Fenzl.</em> BEGHEIL, GHARAZ (N. +Kordn.)—Arab; NUN—Shilluk.</p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial densely tufted grass up to over 3 ft. high; +racemes in pairs or threes, joints very stout, club-shaped. +Spikelets in pairs, one sessile, the other pedicelled and +developed, the sessile spikelet variably hairy, rendering the +appearance very different. Awn to 5/12 in. long, twisted, sometimes +purplish.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Fung Prov. +(Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (near Rahad); Upper White Nile +Prov.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn842"><span class= +"sn">842</span><span class="taxon bold">Thelepogon elegans</span> +<em>Roth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">A coarse annual grass; stems tufted, as thick as a +crow quill below, and branching above, up to 2 ft. high. Leaves up +to 10 in. long and 1 in. broad, coarsely hairy on the edges and +base; racemes 2-12 in number, 2-6 in. long. Pedicelled spikelets +represented by linear curved pedicel. Glumes prominently ridged on +the back. Awn up to 1 in. long, kneed at and twisted below the +middle.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Fung Prov. +(Jongol’s Post.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn843"><span class= +"sn">843</span><span class="taxon bold">Sehima ischæmoides</span> +<em>Forsk.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual with slender stems in small bundles, rarely +over 1½ ft. high; racemes solitary, sessile, 1-3 in. long, joints +and pedicels densely hairy; glume of sessile spikelet deeply +channelled. Awn up to 1¾ in. long, hairy, spirally twisted, brown +in colour.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia (Wadi Læmeb, between Suakin and Berber); +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Kordofan +Prov. (Abu Snun).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn844"><span class= +"sn">844</span><span class="taxon bold">Vossia cuspidata</span> +<em>Griff.</em> UM SUF—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">A very large floating grass, perennial, one of the +principal constituents of the Sudd, copiously rooting from enlarged +nodes, aerial portion up to over 3 ft. high; racemes solitary, or +2-6 on a common axis, 6-9 in. long, short, erect, or slightly +nodding; joints about ⅓ in. long, curved, swollen, lower glume of +sessile spikelets smooth with a channelled, pointed tail up to 1 +in. long; spikelets 2-flowered, awnless.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (Takari and Birket Rahad); Upper White +Nile Prov. (Moghren El Behur); Bahr El Jebel.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn845"><span class= +"sn">845</span><span class="taxon bold">Jardinea congoensis</span> +<em>Franch.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall coarse grass up to 10 ft. high, inhabiting +swampy places; racemes very numerous, slender; spikelets +1-flowered, the lower glume of the sessile spikelets running out +into a sharp point with sharp pointed tubercles on the back, much +spreading during flowering. This grass is used for making mats, +screens and baskets on the West Coast.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land, Kulongo).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn846"><span class= +"sn">846</span><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_441">[441]</span><span class="taxon bold">Manisuris +granularis</span> <em>Sw.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Much branched annual grass up to over 3 ft. high; +stems leafy to the top with shortish, soft, hairy foliage; spikes +solitary, axillary and terminal, up to 1 in. long, partly enclosed +in a spathe-like sheath; spikelets in dissimilar pairs, sessile +spikelets conspicuous on account of their grain-like +appearance.</p> + +<p class="p3">This grass occurs in open loamy soil and is a good +fodder.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Jur, Zeriba Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn847"><span class= +"sn">847</span><span class="taxon bold">Lasiurus hirsutus</span> +<em>Boiss.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial grass, more or less branched and woody +below, branches often in dense bundles; racemes at the end of the +stalks enclosed in a spathe-like sheath, up to 4½ inches long. +Spikelets 2-flowered, densely hairy all over; glume of sessile +spikelet narrowed into a long divided beak.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia (between Suakin and Berber, Wadi El Omari), Red +Sea Prov. (Suakin, Jebel Waratab).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn848"><span class= +"sn">848</span><span class="taxon bold">Elyonurus Royleanus</span> +<em>Nees.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Aromatic annual grass; stems from a few inches up to +1 ft. high, erect, tufted, especially above. Racemes 1¼-2¼ in. +long, gathered in bunches, straight, embraced by the spathe, only +slightly protruding, often tinged with red; spikelets 1-flowered, +with the edges hairy, the lower glume with brush-like tubercles on +the margins.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (L. 21° to 22° N.); Kassala Prov. +(Gallabat, Matamma); Blue Nile Prov. (Sh. Talha).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn849"><span class= +"sn">849</span><span class="taxon bold">Rottbœllia exaltata</span> +<em>Linn. f.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">A tall coarse grass up to 12 ft. high, annual; stems +stout, erect, hispid, branching from the base. Racemes stout, 3-6 +in. long, cylindrical, particularly when the spikelets are +closed.</p> + +<p class="p3">A good fodder grass.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Jur, Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn850"><span class= +"sn">850</span><span class="taxon bold">Ophiurus papillosus</span> +<em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual grass with rather stout stems 1½-4½ ft. high, +much branched, the branches forming ultimately a rather leafy, +hairy panicle. Racemes cylindric, slender, in simple spatheate +panicles; spikelets sessile, 1-flowered. Grains oblong, 1/12 of an +inch long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Fung Prov. +(Jongol’s Post).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn851"><span class= +"sn">851</span><span class="taxon bold">Chasmopodium +caudatum</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual grass up to 10 ft. high, rooting from the +lower nodes. Racemes stout, cylindric, terminal, spike-like, up to +3 in. long, with a tail formed by the elongated glume of the +terminal spikelet.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn852"><span class= +"sn">852</span><span class="taxon bold">Rhytachne +rottbœllioides</span> <em>Desv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial, densely tufted grass; stems 1-2½ ft. high, +sometimes<span class="pagenum" id="Page_442">[442]</span> reddish +in colour. Leaves long, narrow, especially when folded; racemes +solitary, very slender, 3-6 in. long, wavy with longitudinal +grooves; lower glumes of spikelets with transverse ridges.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, Geneina.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn852-2" title="Rhytachne"><span class= +"taxon bold">R. triaristata</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual grass up to 1½ ft. high; stems in small tufts; +leaves very narrow and folded, as above. Racemes similar to above; +pedicelled spikelet represented by a terminal pair of unequal +bristles.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo land, Gir.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn853"><span class= +"sn">853</span><span class="taxon bold">Imperata cylindrica</span> +<em>Beauv.</em> <span class="taxon bold">var. Koenigii</span> +<em>Durand</em> & <em>Schinz.</em> BINGBA—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Erect, perennial grass, up to 4 ft. high; leaf +sheaths long, bearded at the nodes. Panicle spike-like, 2-8 in. +long, cylindric, very dense, axis not breaking up into joints; +spikelets surrounded by long white hairs, giving the whole a +silvery appearance.</p> + +<p class="p3">This grass is used for thatching. A bad weed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo land, Gir); Mongalla +Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn854"><span class= +"sn">854</span><span class="taxon bold">Saccharum spontaneum</span> +<em>Linn.</em> <span class="taxon bold">var ægyptiacum.</span> UM +GHRUF (Fung)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tall, perennial, grass up to 12 ft. high, many +jointed, silky below the panicles, and coated with wax below the +joints. Panicle up to 1½ ft. long and 5 in. wide, dense, plumose, +silvery; axis breaking up.</p> + +<p class="p3">This grass is largely used for thatching; the reeds +are made into arrow shafts.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma) Blue Nile Prov. +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli, Jongol’s Post, Harun). Darfur Prov. (in +wadis). Upper Nile Prov. (Malakal).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn855"><span class= +"sn">855</span><span class="taxon bold">Sorghum virgatum</span> +<em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, with slender stems branched from lower and +middle nodes. Panicle narrow, very lax, ½ to over 2 ft. long, +branches erect, the lowest up to 6 in. long, fine; sessile +spikelets lanceolate, finely awned, deciduous with the pedicelled +spikelet, pale straw colour, greenish in the upper portion, +occasionally flushed with purplish brown.</p> + +<p class="p2">Widely distributed in the northern Sudan, along +river; also in Kordofan and Kassala Provinces.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn855-2" title="Sorghum"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. lanceolatum</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, with slender stems up to 10 ft. high. Panicle +9-15 in. long, loose, more or less nodding. Sessile spikelets +lanceolate, acutely acuminate, sparingly hairy to almost smooth, +straw coloured, slightly greenish, on maturity turning bright red, +finely awned. Pedicelled spikelets deciduous. Grain obovate oblong, +compressed on the back, yellowish above, paler below, 1/8 by 1/12 +in. in size.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov. Upper Nile Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn855-3" title="Sorghum"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_443">[443]</span><span class="taxon bold">S. +sudanense</span> <em>Stapf.</em> GARAWI—Arab; KAWKAW—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tall annual, up to 10 ft. high; panicle open, +pyramidal, spreading, 6-12 in. long, erect, up to 6 in. wide at the +base. Sessile spikelet lanceolate to elliptic oblong, rather acute, +finely hairy (white hairs), straw-colour to light yellow, with dull +green, striate tips when young. Awned. Pedicelled spikelets +persistent. Grain oval, flattened, orange, 16 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Widely distributed in northern and central Sudan. A +fodder grass of growing importance.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn855-4" title="Sorghum"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. halepense</span> <em>Pers.</em> ADDAR—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial, up to 5 ft. high; stems slender, springing +from strong creeping rhizomes. Panicle open and spreading, 6 in.-2 +ft. long. Fertile spikelet at first hairy, later becoming smooth; +pedicelled spikelets falling early. This grass resembles Sudan +Grass, but differs in the rootstock being perennial. It is +therefore not suited to cultivation.</p> + +<p class="p2">Khartoum Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn855-5" title="Sorghum"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. arundinaceum</span> <em>Stapf.</em> ADDAR, ADDAR +ABU SHAR (Kordn.)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tall annual, stems up to 12 ft. high; panicle +pyramidal, larger and denser than <i>S. sudanense</i>. Pedicelled +spikelets falling, narrowed to an acute point, oblong, not +minutely-stalked; with yellowish or reddish hairs.</p> + +<p class="p3">A good fodder grass.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan (Khor Abu Habl). Mongalla Prov. (Yei +River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn855-6" title="Sorghum"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. verticilliflorum</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, 4-8 ft. high. Leaf blades 1 in. broad, +sometimes flushed with purple. Panicle up to 15 in. long, +pyramidal; sessile spikelets ovate to ovate-lanceolate, shortly +narrowed to a point, hairs whitish or purplish, awn up to ½ in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Jebel (Lat. 7° N.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn855-7" title="Sorghum"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. abyssinicum</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall annual grass; leaves up to 2½ in. wide, panicle +obovate lanceolate in shape, over 1 ft. long and about 4 in. wide; +sessile spikelets ovate-oblong to elliptic-oblong, acute, with pale +yellow hairs; awns up to 1 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn855-8" title="Sorghum"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. æthiopicum</span> <em>Rupr.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, slender stalks up to 10 ft. high. Leaves up +to 1 ft. long and up to over 1 in. wide, usually strongly flushed +with red or purple. Panicle narrow, linear to linear-oblong, up to +over 1 ft. long, often secund. Sessile spikelet ovate to elliptic +lanceolate, clay colour, often reddish below; pedicelled spikelet +linear lanceolate, often bright red. Awn about 1 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia (Sagadi between Suakin and Berber); Blue Nile +Prov.; Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (Jebel +Arashkol).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn855-9" title="Sorghum"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_444">[444]</span><span class="taxon bold">S. +aterrimum</span> <em>Stapf.</em> ?BURRI—Arab (Schweinf).</p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, with slender stalks up to 6 ft. high. Leaf +sheath strongly blotched with blackish purple. Panicle narrowly +oblong to ovate lanceolate. Sessile spikelet finally glossy jet +black. Awn up to ¾ in. long, but sometimes reduced to short +point.</p> + +<p class="p3">Said to be cultivated in the South.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn855-10" title="Sorghum"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. guineense</span> <em>Stapf.</em> <span class= +"taxon bold">var. robustum.</span> VUNDE—Zande; BELL—Nuer.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tall annual up to 7 ft. high; stems stout, wavy; leaf +up to over 2 ft. by 3 in. Panicle oblong, mature spikelets gaping, +exposing the grain, which is round and dark red in colour. Glumes +also dark red, glossy.</p> + +<p class="p2">Cultivated as a food crop in the Southern Sudan. A +red dye is obtained from the leaf sheaths.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla, and Bahr El Ghazal Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn855-11" title="Sorghum"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. Durra</span> <em>Stapf.</em> HAMAIZI, AKLIMAWI, and +SAFRA KOHIA—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tall annual grass up to 14 ft. high, leaf blades up +to 15 in. by 2 in. Panicle much more compact than preceding, ovoid +or ellipsoid; spikelets densely clustered; sessile spikelets +rhombic-obovate in flower; mature grain subglobose with a broad, +round, much exposed top, white, yellow, or reddish-yellow in +colour.</p> + +<p class="p2"><em>Types.</em> Aklimawi—glumes dull whitish with a +brown band across just below the tip, more or less white hairy; +grain with very broad and almost flattened yellow tops.</p> + +<p class="p2">Safra Kohia—glumes more or less glossy without a dark +band, straw yellow, frequently brown or blackish at the base, +grains ivory colour.</p> + +<p class="p2">Hamaizi—glumes more or less glossy without the dark +band, burnt sienna colour to blackish, particularly below, grains +reddish ochre.</p> + +<p class="p2">Cultivated as a food crop.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov. (Geteina) and Blue Nile Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn855-12" title="Sorghum"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. caudatum</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall annual up to 14 ft., stems stout. Panicle erect, +oblong, moderately to very dense. Sessile spikelets elliptic +oblong, subobtuse or minutely pointed, sparingly hairy. Grain very +broad-elliptic to orbicular, exposed.</p> + +<p class="p2h"><span class="taxon bold">var. angolensis.</span> +Grain up to ⅛ in. long, broad obovate in outline, dark red, glume +black. Panicle erect, oblong, rather small and compact.</p> + +<p class="p5">Largely grown in Southern Sudan. Type KAKWA—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2h"><span class="taxon bold">var. Cerevisiæ.</span> +Grain up to ⅛ in. long, broad obovate in outline, purplish red in +colour, glume black, panicle umbrella-shaped owing to shortening of +axis.</p> + +<p class="p5">Grown in Southern Sudan for preparation of native +beer.</p> + +<p class="p2h"><span class="taxon bold">var. Schweinfurthii.</span> +Grain over ⅛ in. long, roundish, white<span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_445">[445]</span> or ochre salmon in colour, panicle oblong +with axis running through; pedicelled spikelets more or less +persistent, up to ⅛ in. long, mature glumes straw colour to +whitish.</p> + +<p class="p4">Types ZERZEREIH, BAHANA—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2h"><span class="taxon bold">var. fragile.</span> Grain +over ⅛ in. long, obovate, rather flattened, mature glumes white, +brittle upwards. Panicle slightly open, branches long ascending. +Pedicelled spikelets persistent.</p> + +<p class="p4">Type RUBAI (Sennar)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2h"><span class="taxon bold">var. umbonatum.</span> +Panicle as var. <i>fragile</i>, grain much flattened with a central +boss, apricot colour, lower glume transversely constricted. +Pedicelled spikelets persistent.</p> + +<p class="p4">Type LAGHRAB EL HOMAR (Gezira)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2h"><span class="taxon bold">var. rutilum.</span> +Panicle obovate, rather open, mature glumes straw coloured, tinged +with red, grain ochre red to salmon on the top, paler below. +Pedicelled spikelet persistent.</p> + +<p class="p4">Type HEGARIG—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2h"><span class="taxon bold">var. atrolutescens.</span> +Panicle obovate, somewhat irregular and loose, branches long and +flexuous. Mature glumes black, grains sulphur or maize yellow to +ochre buff, large, flattened at the sides. Pedicelled spikelet +persistent.</p> + +<p class="p4">Type SAFRA, HEGIRI, ABU GARADA, SHABAT +AHMAR—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2h"><span class="taxon bold">var. gibbum.</span> Panicle +rather oblong, fairly dense; pedicelled spikelets readily +deciduous; mature glumes black; grain ochre, salmon colour, +terracotta or Indian red, more or less swollen on one side.</p> + +<p class="p4">Type WAD MASNAB, EL TORAK, ABU GARADA—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2h"><span class="taxon bold">var. Feterita.</span> +Panicle usually oblong, rather narrow, moderately open to dense, +glumes glossy black, grain white with an enamelled appearance.</p> + +<p class="p4">Type FETERITA.</p> + +<p class="p2h"><span class="taxon bold">var. Gassabi.</span> +Panicle dense, broadly elliptic to obovate. Glumes white, margins, +often hairy. Grain creamy globose, rather large.</p> + +<p class="p4">Type GASSABI.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn855-13" title="Sorghum"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. papyrascens</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall annual up to 12 ft. high. Panicle oblong to +oblanceolate in outline, moderately dense, branches long, flexuous. +Mature glumes transparent, papery and brittle, breaking irregularly +at the tips; grain shorter than the glumes and completely enclosed +by them, or partly exposed where glumes are broken, obovate in +shape, compressed, dull white or orange.</p> + +<p class="p2h"><span class="taxon bold">var. vesiculare</span> +<em>Stapf.</em> Mature spikelets somewhat inflated, pale straw +colour, rather hairy, grain white.</p> + +<p class="p4">Type FIKI EL MOSTAHI—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2h"><span class="taxon bold">var. lateritium</span> +<em>Stapf.</em> Mature spikelets strongly flushed<span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_446">[446]</span> with brick red, grain orange, +glume very brittle upwards.</p> + +<p class="p4">Type GADDUM EL TEITAL—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p4">Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn855-14" title="Sorghum"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. Melaleucum</span> <em>Stapf.</em> +SHELSHELEIH—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tall annual. Panicles large, oblong, rather +one-sided, somewhat loose; branches slender, nodding, purple; grain +white, as long as the rather brittle, glossy black, glumes; glumes +hairy upwards.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile Province.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn855-15" title="Sorghum"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. Ankolib</span> <em>Stapf.</em> ANKOLIB—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tall annual. Panicle oblong, contracted, somewhat +loose when mature, branches not very long, stout and branched, +sessile spikelets very acute, thinly leathery below and sometimes +separated from the papery upper portion by a transverse line. Grain +enclosed, almost round in outline.</p> + +<p class="p2">The canes contain sugar and are chewed. Cultivated. +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Blue Nile Prov. (Sh. Talha); +Fung Prov. (Roseires).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn855-16" title="Sorghum"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. cernuum</span> <em>Host.</em> DURA SEIFI—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tall annual up to 14 ft. Panicle eventually recurved, +ovoid, very compact, lower glume leathery at the base, whitish +hairy all over. Grain exposed or protruding, dull white, large. +Cultivated.</p> + +<p class="p2">Northern Sudan; Kassala Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn855-17" title="Sorghum"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. purpureo-sericeum</span> <em>Aschers.</em> & +<em>Schweinf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect annual up to 3 ft. high; leaves up to 9 in. +long by ⅓ in. wide. Panicle up to 8 in. long, very loose; sessile +spikelets lanceolate, acuminate; lower glume wholly leathery, dark +brown to black except at the tip, with a band of soft brown hairs +at the base. Awn up to 2 in. long twisted to the middle.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (along eastern borders); Fung Prov. +(Jongol’s Post).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn855-18" title="Sorghum"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. dimidiatum</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial about 2 ft. high. Panicle very narrow and +small. Sessile spikelet lanceolate acuminate, lower glume firmly +coriaceous up to half way, then abruptly thinner, the coriaceous +portion turning glossy brown or black. Awn slender, about 1 in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn855-19" title="Sorghum"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. bipennatum</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual up to 4 ft. high. Panicle narrow, oblong, up +to 7 in. long, lax; racemes reduced to a single spikelet +accompanied by two slender pedicels. Glumes coriaceous, brown, the +lower whitish at the base, silkily hairy. Awn about 1½ in. long, +kneed at, and twisted below the middle.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal (Jurland).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn856"><span class= +"sn">856</span><span class="taxon bold">Vetiveria nigritana</span> +<em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall, densely tufted perennial grass, with branching +rootstocks and spongy aromatic roots, up to 6 ft. high. +Panicle<span class="pagenum" id="Page_447">[447]</span> up to over +1 ft. long, with long slender whisk-like branches. Sessile +spikelets very narrowly lanceolate, dull green or somewhat purplish +with a small bristle-like awn.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Upper White Nile Prov. +(Meshra El Zeraf); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, Bongo, and +Addai).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn857"><span class= +"sn">857</span><span class="taxon bold">Chrysopogon Aucheri</span> +<em>Stapf.</em> <span class="taxon bold">var. quinqueplumis</span> +<em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tufted perennial grass up to 2 ft. high, with very +slender stems, panicled, narrow, 2-4 in. long, loose with the tips +of the branches bearded; racemes reduced to 1 or 2 joints. +Spikelets hairy, greyish; awn also hairy, up to 1 in. long, yellow +in colour.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia (between Suakin and Berber, Wadi Læmeb and Wadi +Derumkad, Long. 35° 25′ E.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn858"><span class= +"sn">858</span><span class="taxon bold">Eremopogon +foveolatus</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tufted grass up to 2 ft. high (often under 1 ft.); +leaves greyish, narrow. Panicle narrow, up to 3 in. long, spikelets +pinkish, surrounded by white silky hairs. Awn up to 1½ in. long, +kneed, brown.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (maritime plain and up to 3,000 to +4,000 ft. Soturba range, Lat. 21° N.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn859"><span class= +"sn">859</span><span class="taxon bold">Arthraxon serrulatus</span> +<em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial grass up to 2 ft. high; stems from a short +rhizome. Leaves broadly lanceolate, 1-2 in. long, ½-¾ in. wide, +with cartilaginous margins, hairy, particularly along the edges and +on the sheaths. Racemes 2-5, slender, greenish or suffused with +purple, 1¼ to over 2 in. long, on a short common axis; sessile +spikelet narrow with small short teeth along the edges. Fertile +valve awned from low down on the back. Awn up to over ½ in., fine, +kneed about the middle.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn860"><span class= +"sn">860</span><span class="taxon bold">Amphilophis pertusa</span> +<em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial grass up to 2½ ft. high, stems slender. +Panicles digitate, up to 2½ in. long, branches up to 10; racemes +whitish or dull purplish with silky hairs. Sessile spikelets pale +green, with a pronounced pit on the glume, awned; the awn forming a +continuation of the valve, 1 in. long, kneed at the middle.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River, Rejaf road).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn860-2" title="Amphilophis"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. insculpta</span> <em>Stapf.</em> <span class= +"taxon bold">var. vegetior</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Similar to above but with 1-3 pits on the glume of +pedicelled spikelets; sessile spikelets usually olive green or +flushed with purple. Leaves rough and reed-like.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Atbara River +(Gerba).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn861"><span class= +"sn">861</span><span class="taxon bold">Dichanthium +annulatum</span> <em>Stapf.</em> MALHI (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Very tufted perennial grass up to over 3 ft. high, +stems many noded. Leaves narrow, strongly ribbed. Inflorescence +digitate, racemes 3-9, thinly hairy with long silky hairs, pale or +flushed with purple; sessile spikelets of the lowest +1-3<span class="pagenum" id="Page_448">[448]</span> pairs staminate +or neuter and awnless; awn of fertile valve a continuation of the +valve, nearly 1 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (near Tokar, Port Sudan, Wadi Yumga, +Wadi Læmeb); Kordofan Prov. (Abu Garad); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, +Matamma); Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov. (Sennar).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn862"><span class= +"sn">862</span><span class="taxon bold">Schizachyrium +urceolatum</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual up to 1 ft. high, stems slender; leaves very +narrow, reddish, the upper spathe-like, enclosing the racemes. +Spikes solitary, joints and pedicels short, thickened, with a large +slipper-like appendage. Awn about ¾ in. long, from the hollow of +the 2-toothed fertile valve, which is divided to beyond the middle. +Racemes smooth, except for a silky tuft of hairs at the base of the +joint. Pedicelled spikelets not larger than the sessile.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn862-2" title="Schizachyrium"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. exile</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, stems in bundles, from ½ to 2 ft. high. Leaf +blades eventually pinkish, very narrow, tapering to a fine point, +uppermost spathe-like, enclosing the racemes, which are +conspicuously hairy. Joints up to ¼ in. long, club-shaped, with a +oblique minutely toothed membranous appendage, otherwise as <i>S. +urceolatum</i>.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); White Nile (J. +Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (El Obeid); Darfur Prov. (El Fasher); +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas Zariba).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn862-3" title="Schizachyrium"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial grass up to 2 ft. high, leaves narrow, +tapering. Uppermost spathe-like. Inflorescence simpler and much +less tufted than the preceding. Fertile valve shortly two toothed, +joints very narrow. Sessile spikelets very close, almost smooth, +awned.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, Tokuto River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn863"><span class= +"sn">863</span><span class="taxon bold">Diectomis fastigiata</span> +<em>Kunth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, up to 5 ft. high; stems slender, kneed at the +base; leaves, narrow, tapering to a fine bristle-like point. +Inflorescence enclosed in a spathe, branches 2 or 3. Pedicelled +spikelets larger than sessile, surrounded by long, soft, white +hairs, very different from the sessile. Awn 1¼-2 in. long, kneed at +the middle, twisted, yellow and brown.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Jebel Marra 6,000 to 8,000 +ft.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn864"><span class= +"sn">864</span><span class="taxon bold">Andropogon +tenuiberbis</span> <em>Hack.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall perennial grass up to 15 ft. high. Leaf blades +narrow, over 1 ft. long, tapering to a fine point. Inflorescence a +loose spatheate panicle up to 2½ ft. long, with about 6, 2-4-rayed +tiers. All sessile spikelets alike, awns from the sinus of the +2-divided fertile valve, joints and pedicels very narrow and +slender.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal (Jur, Geneina, Jur Ghattas, Kutshuk +Ali’s Zariba).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn864-2" title="Andropogon"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_449">[449]</span><span class="taxon bold">A. +linearis</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial up to 3 ft. high, leaves very narrow, +sheaths often purplish. Inflorescence small, partly enclosed in a +spathe, awn of sessile spikelet stout.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (Jebel Marra, 8,000 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn864-3" title="Andropogon"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. schirensis</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial grass 3-10 ft. high, leaf blades narrowed, +tapering, often 1½ ft. long. Inflorescence consisting of stout +racemes in pairs, with compressed, long awned (as above) +spikelets.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Khor Utrab); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn864-4" title="Andropogon"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. gayanus</span> <em>Kunth,</em> <span class= +"taxon bold">var. genuinus</span> <em>Hack.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tufted perennial grass, from a few feet to 10 ft. +high. Leaves narrow, tapering, leaf sheath often wider than the +blade, forming rounded shoulders at the junction. Inflorescence +consisting of racemes in pairs; spikelets with long, soft, white +hairs. Awns ½-¾ in. long. Joints and pedicels hairy on one +side.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur +Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="p2h"><span class="taxon bold">var. squamulatus</span> +<em>Stapf.</em> As above, but joints and pedicels hairy on both +margins. Awn ¾-1¼ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p4">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Upper Nile Prov. +(Sobat River, Nasser); Kordofan (Rahad); Darfur (Jebel Marra, 9,300 +ft.).</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">var. bisquamulatus</span> +<em>Hack.</em> ABU RIKHIS—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p4">As above, joints and pedicels hairy on one or both +margins, spikelets more or less hidden by silky hairs.</p> + +<p class="p4">White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (Obeid +and between Um Ruaba and Eilafun); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongoland, +between Uringama and Ngoli).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn865"><span class= +"sn">865</span><span class="taxon bold">Cymbopogon +sennarensis</span> <em>Chiov.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Densely tufted perennial up to 3 ft. high, often +reddish in colour; leaves narrow, up to 8 in. long. Inflorescence a +spatheate obovoid panicle, formed of more or less dense balls of +racemes which are in pairs and each surrounded by a spathe. The +sessile spikelets at the base of the spike are different from the +rest; the lower glume of female spikelets with 4 nerves. Awn only ¼ +in. long, bristle-like, spikelet surrounded by long, fine, white +hairs.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn865-2" title="Cymbopogon"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. proximus</span> <em>Stapf.</em> MAHAREIB—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Similar to above, but spatheate panicle narrow, long, +much interrupted below; the lower glume of the fertile spikelets +with 2 short nerves. Awn a fine straight bristle up to ¼ in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (sea coast, Wadi El Omari); Kassala +Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Khartoum Prov. (Jebel Royan, Omdurman +and Soba); Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov. (Abu Naama); Kordofan Prov. +(Jebel Abu Sunun); Darfur Prov. (E. of El Fasher and Kulme).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn865-3" title="Cymbopogon"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_450">[450]</span><span class="taxon bold">C. +near C. proximus</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (Kulme).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn865-4" title="Cymbopogon"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. nervatus</span> <em>Chiov.</em> NĀL. HAMAREIB, +MARHABEIB, MAHAREIB, and TEITALIB (Kord)—Arab; SHIREIH +(Dilling)—Nuba; NGEINY (Ying)—Nuer.</p> + +<p class="p2">Annual (?) grass up to 3 ft. high. Panicle narrow, +spatheate, similar to previous species, but lower glume of fertile +spikelet with conspicuous long oil streaks on both ends of the +groove.</p> + +<p class="p3">This grass is much used for thatching. It contains a +volatile oil which has been examined by the Govt. Chemist; vide +W.T.R.L. report, 1921.</p> + +<p class="p2">Widely distributed in plains of Central Sudan.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn865-5" title="Cymbopogon"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. excavatus</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial 2-4 ft. high. Inflorescence smaller and +more open than above, also darker in colour, oil streaks obscure. +Base and adjacent pedicel of sessile raceme joined together.</p> + +<p class="p2">Khartoum Prov. (Soba); Blue Nile Prov. (Dinder +River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn865-6" title="Cymbopogon"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. giganteus</span> <em>Chiov.</em> MARAIRA (Meshra El +Zeraf)—Arab; NŪR (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tall perennial up to 8 ft. high. Inflorescence +frequently over 1 ft. long, very open, spatheate, and clustered as +preceding; joints and pedicels densely hairy; base and adjacent +pedicel of sessile raceme joined; oil streaks confined to upper +portion of the lower glume of the sessile spikelet. Awn up to ½ in. +long, bent about the middle.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (Megenas and J. Kōn); Upper White Nile +Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf to Hillet Kaka); Bahr El Ghazal Prov.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn866"><span class= +"sn">866</span><span class="taxon bold">Hyparrhenia finitima</span> +<em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial grass up to 6 ft. high. Inflorescence long, +narrow, open, reddish. Racemes in pairs, dense, enclosed in a +narrow, pointed spathe with reddish hairs. Awns slender, about 1¾ +in. long, bent, twisted, and hairy.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma), Khor Utrub.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn866-2" title="Hyparrhenia"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. rufa</span> <em>Stapf.</em> BURNUS (Rahad +River)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial grass up to 8 ft. long, tufted. Spatheate +panicle large, very lax; peduncles of racemes up to 2½ in. long, +protruding from the tightly rolled spatheoles; spikelets reddish +with reddish short hairs. Awns ¾ to 1¼ in., hairy below the bend. +Used for thatching and fencing.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post and Zamarka); Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Bongo land, Kulongo Jm, Jur Ghattas); Darfur Prov. +(Kulme); Bahr El Jebel (Lat. 5° N.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn866-3" title="Hyparrhenia"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. hirta</span> <em>Stapf.</em> HAMERAI Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial grass up to 3 ft. high, densely tufted; +leaf blades very narrow, from a few inches to 12 in. long. +Spatheate panicle up to 12 in. long, racemes scanty and far apart. +Spatheoles very narrow, reddish, tapering to a long fine point; +racemes with white hairs. Awns up to 1 in. long, dark brown.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_451">[451]</span>Nubia +(J. Waratab; Wadi Arab, between Suakin and Berber); Red Sea Prov. +(Erkowit, near Khor Ashat); Kordofan Prov. (Khor Abu Habl).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn866-4" title="Hyparrhenia"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. Barteri</span> <em>Stapf,</em> <span class= +"taxon bold">var. calvescens</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual up to 1 ft. high. Leaves up to 1 ft. by 1/5 +in. Spatheate panicle rather dense, with long slender branches +bearing fan-shaped groups of spatheolate racemes. Awns 2 per raceme +pair, up to over 2 in. long, shortly hairy.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. +(Gigging).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn866-5" title="Hyparrhenia"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. Ruprechtii</span> <em>Fourn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial, up to 10 ft. high, forming dense clumps. +Leaves very narrow and tapering. Spatheate panicle erect, narrow +and interrupted, spatheoles narrow, pointed, up to 3 in. long, +reddish; fertile spikelets over ¼ in. long, oblong. Awns about 3 +in. long.</p> + +<p class="p3">Used for thatching and fencing.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Jebel (Shambe and Madi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn866-6" title="Hyparrhenia"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. macrolepis</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual 5-8 ft. high. Inflorescence similar to <i>H. +Ruprechtii</i>, but fertile spikelets larger (nearly ½ in. long), +and awns up to 5 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn866-7" title="Hyparrhenia"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. pseudocymbaria</span> <em>Stapf.</em> ANSORA (River +Rahad)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Annual up to over 3 ft. high, showy by reason of the +boat-shaped spatheoles, which remain after maturity, and enclose +the racemes; these spatheoles are vividly coloured from bright red +to yellowish brown. Awns up to 2½ in. long with brown silky +hairs.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Roseires and Jongol’s Post); Darfur Prov. +(J. Marra, 7,500 ft. and Kulme, 3,600 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn866-8" title="Hyparrhenia"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. cymbaria</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall handsome grass, perennial, 6-20 ft. high; leaf +blades very narrow. Spatheate panicle often very large and dense, +spatheoles boat-shaped, coloured vivid red or purple, racemes +protruding from the spatheoles; spikelets hairy, coloured green and +purple; awns about ½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur (Jebel Marra, 8,000 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam land; Atasilli Brook).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn866-9" title="Hyparrhenia"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. variabilis</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall handsome perennial grass up to 10 ft. high. +Inflorescence over 1 ft. long, narrow, fairly open, very similar to +preceding, but peduncles rather larger (¼ in.) and sessile +spikelets up to nearly ½ in. long, awns up to 1¼ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn866-10" title="Hyparrhenia"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. confinis</span> <em>Anders.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual grass, 3 ft. and over high. Inflorescence +long, very loose and open, more or less leafy. Spatheoles +boat-shaped, up to 2 in. long, narrow and tapering. Peduncles +about<span class="pagenum" id="Page_452">[452]</span> equalling the +spatheoles. Awns up to 3 in. long, stout and twisted. The whole +plant light reddish brown.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Darfur Prov. +(Kulme).</p> + +<p class="p2h"><span class="taxon bold">var. pellita</span> +<em>Stapf.</em> Leaves more rigid and narrower than in the +type.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Matamma, Gallabat).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn866-11" title="Hyparrhenia"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. macrarrhena</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Handsome annual grass about 3 ft. high. Inflorescence +long, very open. Spatheoles purplish, up to 1½ in. long, narrow, +boat-shaped; spikelets light yellow, hairy; peduncle much shorter +than spatheoles. Awns stout, about 3 in. long. Joints of stem with +a spreading beard.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal (Bongo land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn866-12" title="Hyparrhenia"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. diplandra</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall perennial, up to over 12 ft. high, densely +tufted from a short rhizome. Spatheate panicle large, narrow, +loose, often over 2 ft. long. Spatheoles very narrow, 1-1¼ in. +long, edges finally inrolled, purplish or brown in colour. Long +spikelets in tufts on long slender peduncles. Awns finely hairy, +1½-2½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, Bongo, Tonj +River); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn866-13" title="Hyparrhenia"><span class= +"taxon bold">H. cornucopiæ</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Handsome grass, spatheate panicle leafy, very loose +and open, up to 1 ft. high, spatheoles narrowly lanceolate, up to 3 +in. long, purplish; axis of the racemes produced into a cup-like +appendage nearly ½ in. long. Awn stout, up to 4½ in. long, very +hairy with short brown hairs.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn867"><span class= +"sn">867</span><span class="taxon bold">Monocymbium +ceresiiforme</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial grass 1-4 ft. high; leaves often very +hairy. Inflorescence narrow, loose; racemes solitary, much reduced +in size, enclosed in a larger coloured spatheole which is narrow +and boat-shaped. Awns fine, up to ½ in. long, kneed at and twisted +below the middle, not hairy.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo land, Gir & Jur land); +Jur Ghattas.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn868"><span class= +"sn">868</span><span class="taxon bold">Heteropogon +contortus</span> <em>Roem.</em> & <em>Schult.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tufted perennial up to over 3 ft. high, leaves +narrow, mostly growing from the base. Inflorescence a single +slender terminal raceme, from 1½ to over 6 in. long. Spatheoles +narrow, tapering, about ⅓ in. long, hairy. Awns, stout, kneed, 2 to +over 4 in. long, dark brown, often twisted together.</p> + +<p class="p3">This grass is known as Spear Grass. It frequently +causes trouble to cattle and horses, as the sharp-pointed seeds +stick in the mouth and penetrate the skin. It forms good hay if cut +before it flowers.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Darfur Prov. (J. +Marra); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Ghulfan); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur +Ghattas and Niamniam land); Mongalla Prov. (Gemeiza).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn869"><span class= +"sn">869</span><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_453">[453]</span><span class="taxon bold">Themeda +triandra</span> <em>Forsk.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Coarse perennial grass 1½-4 ft. high, tufted, often +with a layer of withered fibres at the base. Inflorescence of +scanty, scattered, spatheate panicles and long stalks, resembling +tassels. Spatheoles narrow, purple or red, up to 2 in. long; +spikelets much shorter, about ½ in., with long hairs; awns long, +black, twisted, stout.</p> + +<p class="p3">A valuable fodder grass.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn870"><span class= +"sn">870</span><span class="taxon bold">Digitaria +horizontalis</span> <em>Willd.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual grass, from one to several feet high; stems +tufted, ascending from a bent, more or less prostrate base, hairy, +up to ½ in. wide. Inflorescence of 4 to many racemes on a common +axis (digitate), 1½-6 in. long, finely hairy. Spikelets continuous, +pressed close to the axis, up to ½ in. long, awnless, lower glume +reduced to a small, ovate, membranous scale; upper 3-nerved with +lines of silky hairs between the hairs on the margins, axis with +long, spreading, very fine glistening hairs.</p> + +<p class="p3">A good fodder grass.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Lat. 21° N.; sea coast, to between +3,000 to 4,000 ft.); Fung Prov. (Bunzaga); Mongalla Prov. (Yei +River); Darfur Prov. (Kulme).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn870-2" title="Digitaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">D. marginata</span> <em>Link.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual grass, 1 to over 2 ft. high. Leaves up to ⅓ +in. broad, hairy. Racemes 4-9, digitate, consisting of small +spikelets, appressed to the axils, rather larger than above, also +upper glume more pointed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="p2h"><span class="taxon bold">var. fimbriata</span> +<em>Stapf.</em> More silky than above.</p> + +<p class="p4">Berber Prov.</p> + +<p class="p2h"><span class="taxon bold">var. nubica</span> +<em>Stapf.</em> Spikelets smooth, not hairy.</p> + +<p class="p4">Halfa Prov.; Dongola Prov. (Between Old Dongola and +Merowe); Berber and Khartoum Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn870-3" title="Digitaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">D. gayana</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, 1-4 ft. high. Leaves with coarse pale hairs; +racemes 2-6, digitate. Spikelets up to nearly ⅙ in. long, with a +copious silvery or purplish lateral fringe of hairs, which is +produced into a long brush-like point.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (Um Marba).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn870-4" title="Digitaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">D. xanthotricha</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, 2-3 ft. high, smooth or sparingly hairy. +Racemes two, one sessile, the other shortly peduncled, or 3-4 +sessile, digitate. Spikelets with one transverse and two lateral +fringes of brown coloured or reddish hairs.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn870-5" title="Digitaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">D. ternata</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, stems ½-2 ft. long. Leaves sparingly hairy. +Racemes 2-7, digitate, very slender, 2-6 in. long, with spikelets +not so close as in preceding. Spikelets ½ in. long, ovate, +hairy,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_454">[454]</span> hairs with +thick walls and club-shaped tips, produced to form a short terminal +tuft or beard.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn870-6" title="Digitaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">D. abyssinica</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial grass with a long, slender, creeping, often +branching rhizome; up to 1 ft. high. Leaves smooth, narrow, +strongly ribbed. Racemes 2-9, at the apex of a common axis. +Spikelets rather loose, elliptic acute, 1/12 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p3">A bad weed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River, +Kagulu).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn870-7" title="Digitaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">D. debilis</span> <em>Willd.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, springing from a prostrate, branching and +rooting base, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves narrow, small, upper 4 in. by ¼ +in., lower 1 in. by ⅛ in. Racemes 5-11, digitate, pale green. +Spikelets rather loose, up to ⅛ in. long, slender, very pointed, +not hairy.</p> + +<p class="p3">A good fodder grass.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli) Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn870-8" title="Digitaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">D. pennata</span> <em>Chiov.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Bushy grass up to 3 ft. high (generally smaller), +with a short rhizome producing tufts of fresh growths, covered at +the base with white hairy scales. Stems very slender, wiry, +producing barren branches from the lower, and tufted flowering +branches from the upper joints. Racemes 6-10 in a whorl, very +slender, up to 5 in. long, digitately arranged. Spikelets oval, +about ⅛ in. long, in pairs, widely spaced, with long fine spreading +hairs.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Red Sea Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn870-9" title="Digitaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">D. uniglumis</span> <em>Stapf,</em> <span class= +"taxon bold">var. major</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall perennial grass up to 10 ft. high. Leaves 2 ft. +long and ½ in. wide. Inflorescence up to 2 ft. long, consisting of +racemes (up to 10 in. long), gathered into a panicle. Spikelets +small, rarely 1/12 in. long, oval, closely arranged, glossy +chestnut brown in colour.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo; Gurfala; Niamniam-land, +near Nganye by the Ibba River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn870-10" title="Digitaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">D. intecta</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, up to 3 ft. high. Leaf sheath strongly +ribbed, covered with short stiff hairs. Racemes 8-20, gathered into +a brush-like panicle 5-8 in. long. Spikelets very small, about 1/20 +in. long, beset with fine white hairs, glossy chestnut brown in +colour.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn871"><span class= +"sn">871</span><span class="taxon bold">Alloteropsis +semialata</span> <em>Hitchcock.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial grass, compactly tufted on a short rhizome, +with a thick basal coat of silky hairy leaf bases or their remains. +Stems erect, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves strongly ribbed, very narrow. +Inflorescence mostly of 2-3 racemes, occasionally one, sometimes +3-4, springing from the same joint,<span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_455">[455]</span> 1½-8 in. long. Axis wavy, triangular in +section. Spikelets loosely arranged, tassel-like. Lower floret of +papery texture, transparent, mottled with brown; upper with valve, +produced into a fine bristle up to ⅛ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Gendua River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn872"><span class= +"sn">872</span><span class="taxon bold">Eriochloa acrotricha</span> +<em>Hack.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tufted annual. Stems leafy, ½ to over 2 ft. long. +Inflorescence a narrow panicle 1½-4 in. long with a few, or up to +10, racemes widely spaced on the same axis. Spikelets in 2 series, +dorsally compressed; lower glume rudimentary, forming with the base +of the stalk a bead-like process, oval pointed, with a fine +bristle, up to ⅙ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia, Red Sea Prov. (Sinkat); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s +Post); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Upper White Nile Prov. +(Meshra El Zeraf).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn873"><span class= +"sn">873</span><span class="taxon bold">Brachiaria +dictyoneura</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial 1½-3 ft. high, leaves narrow, sheathing the +flower stalk. Inflorescence consisting of 3-6 widely spaced +spike-like racemes, having the spikelets arranged on one side. +Racemes dense, about 2 in. long; spikelets largish, 1/5 in. long, +oval, silkily hairy, often flushed with purple, lower glume +present, almost as long as the spikelet, 11-nerved.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn873-2" title="Brachiaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. fulva</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial up to 3 ft. high. Leaves narrow. +Inflorescence of a similar type to above, but racemes 4-12, closer +spaced, 1¾ in. long, arched, with reddish or yellowish hairs. +Spikelets densely hairy, closely arranged, about ⅛ in. long, +oval.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur. Agada, Bongo land, Matia +Addai); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn873-3" title="Brachiaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. stigmatisata</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, over 2 ft. high, ascending from a leafy base. +Leaves broad, narrowly oval with crisped spiny margins, from 1 to +over 7 in. long by ¼-½ in. wide. Inflorescence of 1-3 spike-like +racemes, widely spaced on a common axis, ¾-2 in. long. Racemes +dense, 1-2½ in. long; spikelets closely arranged, 1/16 to 1/5 in. +long, not hairy, prominently nerved, pale yellowish.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn873-4" title="Brachiaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. mutica</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial grass 3-6 ft. high (occasionally 8 ft.). +Leaves smooth, narrow, hairy on the sheaths. Inflorescence 4-8 in. +long, consisting of numerous, sometimes paired racemes 1-3 in. +long. Spikelets about ⅛ in. long, almost touching, oval; stigmas +blackish purple, very conspicuous.</p> + +<p class="p3">A valuable fodder grass.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov. (Lat. 12° 10′ N.); Mongalla Prov. +(Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn873-5" title="Brachiaria"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_456">[456]</span><span class="taxon bold">B. +brizantha</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial, coarse grass up to over 6 ft. high, leaves +narrow, up to 15 in. long. Inflorescence one-sided, consisting of +2-8 arching racemes, widely set apart on a common axis, which is +triangular in section. Racemes usually long, up to 6 in., closely +set with rather large (¼ in. long) swollen spikelets. Lower glume +small, conspicuously nerved, often purple, clasping the +spikelet.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Niamniam country, Ibba River, Nganye and Bongo-Land, Gir and +Kulongo); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn873-6" title="Brachiaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. callopus</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, over 2 ft. high, copiously rooting from the +lower nodes. Leaves sheathing the flowering stem, narrow, finely +hairy inside. Inflorescence erect, about 6 in. long, of 6-8 erect, +one-sided, almost equally distant racemes. Axis sharply triangular, +racemes dense, 2-ranked, 2 in. long (the lowest), to ⅔ in. long +(the upper). Spikelets touching, elliptic, acute, pale straw +coloured, definitely stalked, stalk globose.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo land: Gir).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn873-7" title="Brachiaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. obtusiflora</span> <em>Stapf.</em> UM KHIRR—Arab; +AJOAK—Dinka.</p> + +<p class="p2">Annual up to 6 ft. high, stems stout. Leaves narrow, +generally smooth. Inflorescence up to over 6 in. long, very loose, +consisting of 5-8 dense, spike-like racemes widely spaced on a +common axis. Racemes 2-3 in. long; spikelets stalked, ½ in. long, +ellipsoid in shape, swollen, pale yellow.</p> + +<p class="p3">A good fodder grass, the ripe seeds are edible.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (Khor Abu Habl, Wad El +Ghall, 40 miles S. of Abu Zabbad); Upper White Nile Prov. (Goz el +Siada).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn873-8" title="Brachiaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. regularis</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, rarely over 1½ ft. high, stems leafy; leaves +broad (up to ½ in.) and up to 6 in. long, tapering to a fine point. +Inflorescence a loose panicle of 5 to many lax racemes, which are +about 2-3 in. long. Spikelets long stalked, loosely scattered, +small, elliptic.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia (Shores of the Red Sea at Mirza Eleri, Lat. 22° +12′ N.L., Wadi Dimehadit, between Suakin and Berber); Fung Prov. +(Shellal); Kordofan Prov. (Um Ruaba); Darfur Prov. (Suruj District +and Kulme).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn873-9" title="Brachiaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. glauca</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial (?), 1 to almost 2 ft. high, densely tufted +on a short rhizome, pale green, stems slender. Leaves narrow, +tapering. Inflorescence 3-5 in. long, of 3-9 racemes, 1-1½ in. long +at the base, the upper shorter. Spikelets broad oblong, slightly +swollen, about ⅛ in. long, fairly closely set.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Wadi Omareg, Sinkat).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn873-10" title="Brachiaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. leersioides</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, 1-2 ft. high, whole plant pale green, tufted, +stems<span class="pagenum" id="Page_457">[457]</span> leafy, leaves +narrow, tapering. Inflorescence up to 6 in. long, very lax, racemes +4-12, widely spaced, short (1½ in. long). Spikelets fairly dense, +on a wavy slightly hairy axis, about ⅛ in. long, rather narrow, +stalked.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Wadi Omareg, Sinkat).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn873-11" title="Brachiaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. Isachne</span> <em>Stapf.</em> DEFERA, EL KURDA +(Kordn)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, 1-2 ft. high, loosely tufted, with fine +fibrous roots and slender spreading stems. The leaves are smooth, +occasionally hairy, 1-2 in. long, by ¼-⅓ in. broad. The +inflorescence is an erect narrow panicle, 2-3 in. long of 5-12 +erect racemes, which are pressed to the axis and are ½-1 in. long; +the spikelets are small, 1/16 in. long, all arranged on one side, +and closely packed in two rows, pale green or purplish in colour, +with very short stalks, which are softly hairy; the lower glume is +reduced to a minute nerveless scale.</p> + +<p class="p3">A good fodder grass (not the common Defera, see +<a href="#sn877">No. 877</a>).</p> + +<p class="p2">Widely distributed.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn873-12" title="Brachiaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. epaleata</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, up to 1½ ft. high. Leaves fairly broad, +tapering to a point, 2-4 in. by 1/6-5/12 in., margins crisped, +cartilaginous. Panicle very loose, 2½-4 in. by 1-2 in., of 6-8 +moderately distant racemes. Spikelets widely set on racemes, which +are 1½-3 in. long, stalks ⅛ in. long; lower glume ⅓ to ½ length of +the spikelet, distinctly nerved.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat and Metamma).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn873-13" title="Brachiaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. Kotschyana</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, ½ to over 2 ft. high, stems rather stout and +leafy; leaves broad at the base and tapering to a point, 1-3 in. by +1/6-5/12 in., stiff and somewhat succulent, margins cartilaginous, +minutely spiny, markedly crisped. Panicle up to over 6 in. long, +loose, consisting to 6 to many oblique, moderately distant racemes, +the lowest ½ to over 3 in., the upper gradually shortening. +Spikelets in clusters, which are separated by about their own +length, lower glumes purple.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (J. Kōn); Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Jur +Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn873-14" title="Brachiaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">B. jubata</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn874"><span class= +"sn">874</span><span class="taxon bold">Paspalum auriculatum</span> +<em>Presl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Probably perennial grass up to over 1½ ft. high; +leaves broad, rounded at the base, tapering to a fine point, 6-8 +in. by ⅓-1 in. Inflorescence of 3 racemes, with sometimes a fourth +from the base of the peduncle, 1-2 in. long, axis winged at sides. +Racemes 1½-3 in. long; spikelets 2-ranked crowded, ovate, ⅛ in. +long, brown, smooth, conspicuously flat on one side, which side is +turned from the axis. Lower glume absent.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam land; Tuhami’s +Zariba).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn874-2" title="Paspalum"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. scrobiculatum</span> <em>Linn.</em> <span class= +"taxon bold">var. Commersonii</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial, 1 to over 2 ft. high. Leaves narrow, up to +9 in. by<span class="pagenum" id="Page_458">[458]</span> ⅓ in., +from an equally wide or slightly narrowed base. Inflorescence of +mostly 2, less often 3 or 1, very rarely 4, spike-like racemes at +the end of a flattened common axis. Racemes hairy at the base, from +1-2 in. long. Spikelets 2-ranked, mostly back to back, roundly +ovate, dull brown in colour, lower glume absent.</p> + +<p class="p3">A fodder grass, but reputed unwholesome at the time +of ripening.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat Metamma); Fung Prov. +(Jongol’s Post); Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, Niamniam land); +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn875"><span class= +"sn">875</span><span class="taxon bold">Paspalidium +desertorum</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tufted perennial, springing from a hard, stout, +brownish, creeping rhizome; stems many jointed, often trailing, +throwing up leafy branches with swollen joints. Leaves smooth, +grey-green in colour, and covered with a waxy bloom, narrow from an +equally wide base, tapering to a point. Inflorescence from 1 to 6 +in. long, of a varying number of short, spike-like racemes pressed +close to the axis, rather widely spaced below, closer above. +Racemes slender, 2 ranked; spikelets numerous, ovate, acute, +touching, about ⅛ in. long, sometimes tinged with purple, falling +at maturity. Lower glume developed.</p> + +<p class="p3">A desert grass.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Wadi Omari, Wadi Yumga); Berber Prov. +(Walad el Assal); Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn876"><span class= +"sn">876</span><span class="taxon bold">Urochloa trichopus</span> +<em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, forming small tufts, 1-3 ft. high; leaves +fairly broad, sheathing at the base, tapering to an acute point, +2½-6 in. by ½-6 in., pale, smooth with hairy margins, or sometimes +hairy all over. Inflorescence of 4-9 erect, often slightly bent, +plump, one-sided racemes. Racemes very dense, 2-ranked, up to 2½ +in. long. Spikelets very close, overlapping, broad ovate, over ⅙ +in. long, pale green. Glumes papery, hairy, lower glume +developed.</p> + +<p class="p3">Very similar to <i>Brachiaria</i>, but distinguished +by the arrangement of the spikelets, and by the presence of a short +fine point from the obtuse apex of the fertile valve.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Tokar); Kordofan Prov. (Abu Haraza, +Katul Gambara).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn876-2" title="Urochloa"><span class= +"taxon bold">U. pullulans</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial, from a short rhizome covered with thin +yellowish scales, stems erect, up to 3 ft. Leaves often hairy, +rather broad in the well developed specimens, base broad, clasping, +tapering to a fine point. Inflorescence of 5-10 (sometimes fewer), +spikelike, one-sided racemes, 2-3½ in. long. Spikelets +elliptic-oblong, often purplish, axis wavy. Glumes membranous, the +lower almost as long as the upper; the short sharp point of the +fertile valve conspicuous, not very hairy in Sudan specimens.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Suakin-Tokar road).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn876-3" title="Urochloa"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_459">[459]</span><span class="taxon bold">U. +Helopus</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, tufted grass, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves pale, +hairy, up to ½ in. wide by up to 6 in. long. Lance-shaped. +Inflorescence of 4-7, erect, rather stiff, 2-ranked racemes, 1-2 +in. long. Spikelets oval, sharply pointed, strongly ribbed, rather +swollen, lower glume less than ½ the length of the spikelet.</p> + +<p class="p2">Dongola Prov. Nubian Desert.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn876-4" title="Urochloa"><span class= +"taxon bold">U. insculpta</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, grass up to 4-5 ft. high, growing in scanty +tufts. Leaves broad and round at the base, long tapering to a +slender point, up to 9 in. long, and 1 in. wide, pale, very +slightly, if at all, hairy along the edges. Inflorescence borne on +a slender stalk, brush-like, consisting of many (sometimes reduced +to 5 or 6), erect, crowded racemes, 1-3 in. long. Spikelets up to ⅛ +in. long (elliptic in shape, with a short strong point), finely +hairy. Lower glume ⅓ to ½ the length of the spikelet, with 3-5 +nerves.</p> + +<p class="p3">A good fodder grass.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Metamma); Fung Prov. (Disa); +Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn876-5" title="Urochloa"><span class= +"taxon bold">U. reptans</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Prostrate or creeping grass, throwing up stems from +the rooting joints of the long decumbent base, the erect stems up +to 1½ in. high. Leaves broad, lance-shaped, up to 2½ in. long and ¾ +in. broad, rounded at the base, acutely pointed at the tip. +Inflorescence from 1-3 in. long, consisting of a few up to 12 +obliquely erect, slender one-sided racemes about 1 in. long, which +are fairly widely placed on the axis. Spikelets small (1/12 in.), +often purplish, elliptic (lower glume very small). A good fodder +grass.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn877"><span class= +"sn">877</span><span class="taxon bold">Echinochloa colona</span> +<em>Link.</em> DEFERA or DIFERA—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, growing in small spreading tufts. Leaves +sometimes hairy, narrow, often with dark purple cross bands. +Inflorescence up to 5 in. long, narrow, consisting of few to 6 +widely spaced short branches. Spikelets crowded, often purplish, +ovate or elliptic, sharply pointed, 5-7-nerved, minutely hairy +between the nerves. Grain 1/16 in. long, broad elliptic in +outline.</p> + +<p class="p3">One of the best fodder grasses.</p> + +<p class="p2">Widely distributed in Northern and Central Sudan, +including Darfur.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn877-2" title="Echinochloa"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. Crus Pavonis</span> <em>Schult.</em> KUZ—Nuer; KAM +(or AKAM) (Bahr el Jebel)—Dinka.</p> + +<p class="p2">Annual up to 5 ft. high, with copious plump root +fibres. Stems erect, up to ¼ in. thick, spongy below. Leaves 5-15 +in. long, and up to 1¼ in. wide, from a narrowed base, and tapering +to a fine point. Inflorescence erect, large (4-12 in. long), +lance-shaped, rather feathery; lower branches up to 4 in. long, +dense. Spikelets nearly ⅛ in. long, narrow, strongly +ribbed,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_460">[460]</span> glumes +shortly awned (⅛ in.) from the entire acute tip, minutely hairy, +purplish or dark in colour.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr el Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn877-3" title="Echinochloa"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. pyramidalis</span> <em>Hitchcock</em> and +<em>Chase.</em> UM SUF—Arab; KUZ—Nuer; KAM (or AKAM) (Bahr el +Jebel)—Dinka.</p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial, reed-like grass up to 15 ft. high. Stems +ascending from a long thick abundantly rooting, often floating +base. Leaves narrow, 1-2 ft. long by ¼-1 in. broad, flat, narrow at +the base, long tapering to a point, the lower sheathing portion +coarsely bearded. Inflorescence erect or somewhat nodding, up to +over 1 ft. long, rather narrow, dense, branches numerous, 1-6 in. +long. Spikelets ovate, up to ⅙ in. long, very crowded, often +coloured blackish purple, awnless, but strongly tipped. Axis hairy +with long silky hairs.</p> + +<p class="p3">One of the common plants of the Sudd region. A good +fodder grass, the grain is sometimes used for food.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, +Niurnya, 6,500 ft.); Kordofan Prov. (Birket Rahad); Bahr el Ghazal +Prov. (Bongo, Tonj, Niamniam land); Upper Nile Prov. (Tonga); +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River, Bor, Mongalla); Bahr el Jebel (Lat. 7° +25 N. and 8° 30 N.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn877-4" title="Echinochloa"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. stagnina</span> <em>P. Beauv.</em> HELEW—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Stout perennial grass, rising to 6 ft. from long +creeping and copiously rooting rhizomes; leaves narrow, long +tapering to a fine point, up to 1½ ft. long by 1 in. wide, very +rough upwards. Inflorescence up to 10 in. long, nodding, narrow and +often open, branches dense. Spikelets up to ¼ in. long, plump, +tapering at both ends, awns up to 1 in. long (often less).</p> + +<p class="p3">An excellent fodder.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (near Tokar); Blue Nile Prov. (Sherif); +Upper White Nile Prov. (Mouth of Sobat River); Bahr el Ghazal Prov. +(Shambe, Meshra El Rek & Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn878"><span class= +"sn">878</span><span class="taxon bold">Acroceras amplectens</span> +<em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual grass, 2-2½ ft. high, stems ascending from a +prostrate and rooting base, or sometimes floating in water. Lower +portion of leaf, i.e., leaf sheath, strongly developed, prominently +striate. Leaf blades narrow, from a broad clasping rounded base, +tapering to a fine point, 3-6 in. long by ¼ to ½ in. at the base. +Inflorescence very long and slender, consisting of 4-6 long, +slender, branches, widely spaced. Spikelets large (¼ in.), narrow, +stalked, distantly placed, pressed to the axis, pale in colour, +bluntly pointed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn879"><span class= +"sn">879</span><span class="taxon bold">Oplismenus Burmannii</span> +<em>P. Beauv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, up to 1½ ft. high, stems very slender, +ascending from a long prostrate rambling and rooting base. Leaf +sheaths loose and very hairy, blades hairy, lance-shaped, narrowed +at the base and tapered to a fine point, ¾-2 in. long by ⅙-½ in. +wide. Inflorescence very narrow, 1-3 in. long, consisting +of<span class="pagenum" id="Page_461">[461]</span> 3-8 small +branches ½ in. long. Spikelets crowded, very hairy, glumes awned +from the slightly notched tip, awn fine, about ½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Abu Gurun’s Zariba).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn880"><span class= +"sn">880</span><span class="taxon bold">Panicum Meyerianum</span> +<em>Nees.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial, about 3 ft. high; stems rigid, hairy at +the joints. Leaf sheaths long, clasping the stem, pale green or +straw coloured, blades narrow, lance-shaped, from a contracted +base, 3-8 in. by ¼-½ in. Inflorescence an open panicle 3-6 in. +long, lower branches 2-3 in. long. Spikelets rather crowded, ovate, +⅛ in. long, often tinged with purple, pedicels very short. Glumes +very different, lower minute, upper membranous, faintly 5 nerved, +fertile valve minutely pointed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Between Berber and Khartoum; Blue Nile Prov. (Dinder +mouth); Fung Prov. (Singa); Kordofan Prov.; Mongalla Prov. +(Bor).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn880-2" title="Panicum"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. maximum</span> <em>Jacq.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial, grass up to 10 ft. high, densely tufted. +Stems stout, hairy at the joints. Leaves often thinly covered with +long fine hairs, narrow, little contracted at the base. +Inflorescence an erect or nodding open panicle, from ½ to over 1½ +ft. long, lower branches in a whorl, up to 1 ft. long, flowering in +the upper half. Spikelets widely set, stalked, up to ⅙ in. long, +shiny light green or tinged with purple. Lower glume ¼ to ⅓ length +of spikelet, upper same size as spikelet.</p> + +<p class="p3">This grass is often called Guinea Grass, and is +cultivated as a fodder in various parts of the tropics.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam land, Nabambisso +River); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn880-3" title="Panicum"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. trichocladum</span> <em>Hack.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial, rambling or climbing up to 8 ft. Stems +slender, many jointed, branched, forming a dense mass, roots often +found in swamps or standing water. Leaf sheaths long, often +breaking away from the stem, blades spreading horizontally, +lance-shaped from a very contracted base, 1½-6 in. by ¼-½ in. +Panicle very loose and rather scanty, 2-6 in. by 2-3 in., branches +slender, very wavy. Spikelets widely set, often long stalked, up to +⅛ in. Lower glume very small.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn880-4" title="Panicum"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. carinifolium</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial, 4-5 ft. high. Leaves long, narrow towards +the base with recurved margins and a much projecting midrib. +Inflorescence fairly dense, rather irregular, 4-5 in. by 1-2 in., +branches very slender. Spikelets rather swollen, very small, +prominently ribbed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn880-5" title="Panicum"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. fulgens</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial, up to 2 ft. high, forming large tufts. +Leaves very narrow, 2-5 in. by 1-12 to ⅛ in. Panicle erect, fairly +loose and<span class="pagenum" id="Page_462">[462]</span> open, +2½-5 in. by 1-1½ in. Spikelets smooth with a conspicuous bronze +lustre, almost globose, very small.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn880-6" title="Panicum"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. Dregeanum</span> <em>Nees.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial, compactly tufted, with a coat of +persistent leaf bases, 1-4 ft. high. Leaves very narrow, up to 9 +in. long by 1/12 to 1/5 in. wide, tapering to a slender point. +Panicle fairly dense, brush-like, 3-7 in. by 1½-3 in. Spikelets +about ⅛ in. long, purplish, more or less gaping.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn880-7" title="Panicum"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. aphanoneurum</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial, densely tufted, 4-7 ft. high, stems stout, +reed-like. Leaves ½ to 1½ ft. by ⅙-½ in., narrow from an equally +wide base, tapering. Panicle rather loose, ½ to over 1 ft. by 2-5 +in., irregularly branched at the base. Spikelets widely gaping; +tinged with purple, upper glume faintly 5-nerved.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Bongo land, Dukutu, River +Roah).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn880-8" title="Panicum"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. callosum</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, up to 3 ft. high, stems slender. Leaves +narrow from an attenuated base, up to over 1½ ft. by ¼-5/12 in., +often finely hairy. Panicles broom-like, open, loose and narrow, +often over 1 ft. long. Spikelets large, elliptic, ¼ in. long, on +long fine stalks up to ¾ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat Metamma).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn880-9" title="Panicum"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. sociale</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">A delicate annual, up to almost 1 ft. high, growing +in dense stands, finely hairy all over. Leaves erect, 1-1½ in. by +⅛-⅙ in., yellowish green. Panicles 2-3 in. by 1½ in., widely open. +Spikelets ⅛ in. long, upper floret dark chestnut brown to black, +finely polished, forming a false fruit.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn880-10" title="Panicum"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. atrosanguineum</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">A tufted annual grass from a few inches to over 1 ft. +high, hairy all over except the panicle. Leaves lance-shaped from a +rounded base, 1-4 in. by ⅙-⅓ in. Panicle very open and spreading, +3-6 in. by 1½-3 in. Spikelets elliptic, minutely pointed, +purple.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubian Desert; Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn880-11" title="Panicum"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. haplocaulos</span> <em>Pilger.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual about 1 ft. high, growing in close stands. +Stems very slender. Leaves very narrow and pointed. Panicles +reduced to a common axis and 1-3 widely spaced branches each +bearing 1-4 spikelets. Spikelets 1/9 in. long, striate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn880-12" title="Panicum"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. turgidum</span> <em>Forsk.</em> TUMAM & ABU +RUKBA—Arab; SHUSH—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bushy grass up to 4 ft. high with stout roots and +hard rigid stems, and having secondary shoots springing from the +joints. Leaves very variable in size, tapering to a fine point, +those supporting branches soon drying and becoming +straw<span class="pagenum" id="Page_463">[463]</span> coloured. +Panicles variable in size, often scanty, branches slender, +spikelets about ⅙ in. long, ovoid, tapering; glumes membranous, +ribbed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Widely distributed in North and Central Sudan and +Darfur.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn880-13" title="Panicum"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. repens</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial up to 2 (rarely 4 ft.) high; rhizome long, +creeping stem very leafy, many jointed; leaves very narrow, sharply +pointed, hairy at the base, folded inwards. Panicle 3-8 in. long, +loose; branches 2-6 in. long. Spikelets 1/12-1/10 in. Said to be +good fodder plant and also useful as a sandbinder.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr el Jebel (Hillet el Nuer).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn880-14" title="Panicum"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. porphyrrhizos</span> <em>Steud.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial up to over 3 ft. high, densely tufted on a +short rhizome. Leaves narrow, long tapering to a hard slender +point. Panicles large and loose, slender, spikelets 1/10-1/6 in. +long, with a long slender point, green or often tinged with +purple.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat Metamma); Fung Prov. +(Fazoghli).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn880-15" title="Panicum"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. coloratum</span> <em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tufted perennial grass up to 4 ft. high. Stems stout, +often shortly creeping at the base before ascending. Leaves 3-12 +in. by ¼-½ in., tapering. Panicle open, composed of long slender +branches, bearing scattered spikelets on slender pedicels. +Spikelets small 1/12-1/8 in., moderately gaping, green or tinged +with purple.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn880-16" title="Panicum"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. hygrocharis</span> <em>Steud.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual tufted grass up to 2 ft. high. Stems slender, +soft, bent at the joints, leafy. Leaves narrow from a rounded base, +shortly tapering to a rather hard point. Panicles 3-5 in. long, +rather loose and sometimes spreading, branches fairly stout, up to +3 in. long, wavy. Spikelets acutely pointed, tips cut off square, +green, stalked.</p> + +<p class="p3">Found in dried up rain pools.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan (Abu Gerad).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn881"><span class= +"sn">881</span><span class="taxon bold">Sacciolepis +ciliocincta</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, growing in colonies up to 1½ ft. high, stems +very erect, spongy in texture, about ⅙ in. diameter. Leaf blades +stiff and erect, mostly overtopping the inflorescence, linear from +a narrowed base, tapering to a hard point. Inflorescence erect, +straight, rather cylindric, about 1 in. long, very compact, +bearded, attenuated downwards, branches fused with the axis against +which the pedicels are crowded; spikelets laterally compressed, +upper glume 7-nerved with a line of hairs along each side of the +keel and margins.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr el Ghazal (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn881-2" title="Sacciolepis"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. micrococca</span> <em>Mez.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, growing in tufts or clumps up to 2½ ft. high, +stems very slender from a stouter base, leaf blades very narrow, +folded, almost bristle-like, up to 6 in. long. +Inflorescence<span class="pagenum" id="Page_464">[464]</span> long, +narrow, cylindric, 2½-5 in. long by 1/12-1/8 in. broad, dense. +Spikelets crowded, swollen, 1/24 in. long, olive green or brown, +glumes nerved.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn881-3" title="Sacciolepis"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. interrupta</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial from a short, stout, creeping rhizome, up +to 5 ft. high, stems at the base copiously rooted from the nodes, +sheathed all along. Leaves narrow, tapering, up to 12 in. long by +¼-½ in. wide, flat, soft, somewhat plump. Inflorescence at first +sheathed by leaves, finally protruding, from the few inches to over +1 ft. by ¼-⅓ in., dense. Spikelets slightly compressed, not gaping, +up to over ⅛ in., yellowish-green, with darker or brownish +tips.</p> + +<p class="p2">Upper White Nile (Tonga); Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Jur +Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn881-4" title="Sacciolepis"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. typhura</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial, tufted from a short rhizome, up to 3 ft. +high. Stems erect, slender, leaves narrow, 6-12 in. by 1/8-5/12 in. +Inflorescence erect, 5-10 in. by ¼ in., very dense. Spikelets more +or less hairy, very dark in colour.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr el Ghazal. (Jur Agada).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn882"><span class= +"sn">882</span><span class="taxon bold">Setaria verticillata</span> +<em>P. Beauv.</em> LUSEIG—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Annual grass with erect leafy stems, more or less +branched and varying in height from 1-5 ft. Leaves are thin, flat, +sparsely hairy, base usually narrowed, tapering to a fine point, +4-10 in. long and ¼-¾ in. broad. The inflorescence is cylindric, +coarsely bristly, spikelets having more than one bristle, the barbs +of which are reversed making inflorescence rough upwards.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Tokar); Berber Prov.; Fung Prov.; +Darfur Prov. (Zalingei 3,100 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn882-2" title="Setaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. ambigua</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual grass 1-2 ft. high, with rather weak jointed +stem. Leaves long and narrow, 12 in. by ⅓ in., base narrowed. The +inflorescence is cylindric, but is interrupted, forming two or more +lobes. The spikelets are greenish with 3 or more short bristles +which are smooth to the feel upwards, i.e., barbs erect. Grain +tightly enclosed in hardened glume, about 1/6 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Khartoum Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn882-3" title="Setaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. viridis</span> <em>P. Beauv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual grass 1-2 ft. high with slender leafy stems. +Leaves very finely pointed from a rounded base, up to 4 in. long by +⅓ in. Inflorescence cylindric, up to 2 in. long, not lobed, +bristles spreading, 3 or more to a spikelet, with erect barbs, +spikelets greenish, grain elliptic, 1/12 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn882-4" title="Setaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. rubiginosa</span> <em>Miq.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual grass of variable character, up to 2 ft. high. +Leaves narrow, finely pointed, rounded at the base. +Inflorescence<span class="pagenum" id="Page_465">[465]</span> +dense, cylindric, narrow, yellow. Bristles more than one to +spikelet, smooth to touch upwards. Grain large, up to ⅛ in., rather +swollen.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat Matamma); Fung Prov. +(Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (Khor Abu Habl); White Nile Prov. +(Meshra el Zeraf); Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Mongalla +Prov. (Mongalla).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn882-5" title="Setaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. lasiothyrsa</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual grass up to 2 ft. high with slender erect +stems; coarsely hairy all over. Leaves long and narrow, up to 1 ft. +by ⅓ in. Inflorescence up to 12 in. long, loose, with many fine, +hairy branches up to 2½ in. long. Spikelets with one bristle, +glumes flushed with purple and yellow.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Bongo land, Mashir Hills).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn882-6" title="Setaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. anceps</span> <em>Stapf.</em> <span class= +"taxon bold">var. sericea.</span></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial up to 3 ft. high, densely tufted on a short +rhizome. Basal leaves overlapping and arranged fan-like, upper +leaves narrow, up to 6 in. long and ¼ in. wide, tapering, tightly +folded. Inflorescence a continuous and very dense cylindrical false +spike (somewhat resembling a bottle brush) 4-10 in. long. Bristles +more than one at the base of the spikelet, fine, silky, bright +yellow in colour. Spikelets clustered 1/12 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Jur +Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn882-7" title="Setaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. aurea</span> <em>A. Braun.</em> SANGALA (N. Kordn); +DANAB EL KELB (M. el Zeraf); HALFA (Fung and Kordn)—Arab; ALLOK (M. +el Zeraf)—Dinka.</p> + +<p class="p2">Strong-growing erect grass about 3 ft. high, with +slender stems from a short rhizome which is covered with the +remains of old scales and sheaths. Leaves long, narrow, tapering +½-1½ in. by ⅛-⅓ in., usually flat. Inflorescence erect, straight, +up to 1 ft. long. Bristles more than one at the base of each +spikelet, and exceeding spikelet by 1/12 in., yellowish to bright +orange or reddish in colour. Spikelets clustered, ⅛ in. long. A +good fodder grass.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr el Ghazal Prov. +(Mittu-land Kaffuluku); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn882-8" title="Setaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Herrm.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial, stems stiffly erect, up to 4 ft. high; +leaves very narrow from a narrowed base, up to over 2 ft. by ¼ in., +tapering to a long bristle-like point, densely hairy at the base +with white hairs. Inflorescence an erect, very dense continuous +cylindrical false spike 5-6 in. by ¼ in. inclusive of the bristles. +Bristles more than one (up to 12) to the spikelet, reddish yellow. +Spikelets solitary, or rarely a cluster of 2.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr el Ghazal (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn882-9" title="Setaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. lancea</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Leafy annual up to 2 ft. high, stems slender, rather +weak and flattened. Leaves tapering at both ends, 5-10 in. by ½-1 +in. (at broadest part), thin, flat, plaited downwards +fan-fashion.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_466">[466]</span> +Inflorescence loose, panicle-like, 4-6 in. long, axis hairy. +Spikelets with one slender bristle at base, elliptic, about ⅛ in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn882-10" title="Setaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. sp. (sp. nov.?).</span> +</p> + +<p class="p2">Stout annual grass about 3 ft. high, stems slender, +erect, tapering both ways, folded into ridges downwards, up to 12 +in. long by ½ in. wide. Inflorescence open, panicle-like, up to 10 +in. long, branches not hairy. Spikelets with one slender bristle +from the base, both ultimately purplish or dark in colour, or at +least flushed with purple.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn882-11" title="Setaria"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. sulcata</span> <em>Raddi.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">A coarse perennial from 4-12 ft. high with stout +stems. Leaves large, tapering at both ends, plaited downwards +fan-wise, up to 2 ft. by 1½-2 in., hairy. Inflorescence a rather +dense panicle up to 12 in. long, branches fine, up to 3 in. long, +with rough margins. Spikelets with a single bristle at the base, +about ⅛ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p3">A good fodder grass.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Mongalla Prov. (Yei +River); Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (near Gumango Hill and Boddo +River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn883"><span class= +"sn">883</span><span class="taxon bold">Tricholæna rosea</span> +<em>Nees.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial or annual grass, stems loosely tufted, bent +at the joints, up to 1½ ft. high. Leaves narrow, 2-8 in. by 1/12-⅓ +in. long, tapering to a very fine point, sometimes tinged with red. +Inflorescence a loose panicle 3-6 in. long, spikelets in tufts +surrounded by fine, long, silky hairs without tubercles at the +base, the whole often very pinkish in colour, upper glume +frequently shortly awned, and swollen at or below the middle.</p> + +<p class="p3">A good fodder grass.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Tokar and Erkowit); Nubia (Between +Korosko and Berber); Fung Prov. (Abdin); Bahr el Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn883-2" title="Tricholaena"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. sphacelata</span> <em>Benth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial grass up to 3 ft. high, stems creeping at +the base, and rooting from the nodes. Leaves rather scanty, long, +tapering to a very fine tip. Inflorescence a loose panicle up to 6 +in. long (larger than <i>T. rosea</i>). Spikelets (more swollen at +the base than <i>T. rosea</i>) and surrounded by long white or +pink, silky hairs, those on the outer glumes being tubercular at +the base.</p> + +<p class="p3">A good fodder grass.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn883-3" title="Tricholaena"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. leucantha</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial grass up to 2 ft. high, stems wiry, +sometimes branched from the base. Panicle up to 4 in. long, loose +and somewhat scaly, often narrow. Spikelets narrow, not basally +swollen, lanceolate, generally whitish, hairs long, white, silky, +not tubercular at the base.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Lat. 21° N.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn883-4" title="Tricholaena"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_467">[467]</span><span class="taxon bold">T. +micrantha</span> <em>Schrad.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tufted perennial with wiry stems, up to 2 ft. high. +Panicle narrow, up to 3 in. long. Spikelets less hairy than above +species, hairs tubercular at the base, outer glumes broader than +<i>T. leucantha</i>, generally white in colour.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (South of Tokar).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn884"><span class= +"sn">884</span><span class="taxon bold">Melinis minutiflora</span> +<em>P. Beauv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial grass up to 3 ft. high, ascending from a +prostrate, slender, much branched base. The whole plant is finely +hairy with glandular hairs. Leaves 2-6 in. long by 1/5 to ⅓ in. +broad, fine tapering. Panicle 4-8 in. long, narrow, axis and +branches very slender, branchlets and stalks of spikelets +hair-like. Spikelets 1/12 in. long, purplish, awn fine, ½ in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p3">Recommended as an excellent fodder grass. The +glandular hairs secrete an oil which smells rather like Cummin; +this is said to be repellant to the tse-tse fly.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River District).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn885"><span class= +"sn">885</span><span class="taxon bold">Anthephora elegans</span> +<em>Schrad.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial or annual grass up to 4 ft. high, stems +erect, stout, striate. Leaves very narrow, long tapering; ligule +prominent, scale-like. Inflorescence a long, narrow, cylindrical +spike. Clusters of spikelets spiny with outer glumes hardened and +scale-like, pressed against central axis. Spikelets smooth, pale +green or yellow.</p> + +<p class="p3">A useful fodder grass.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (Kulme).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn885-2" title="Anthephora"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. Hochstetteri</span> <em>Nees.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial, similar in habit to above. Rhizome very +short. Spike dark coloured, glumes narrower, tailed and hairy.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia (between Korosko and Berber); Fung Prov. +(opposite Zamarka).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn886"><span class= +"sn">886</span><span class="taxon bold">Pennisetum +polystachyum</span> <em>Schult.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect, handsome, annual grass about 2 ft. tall. +Spikes up to 6 in. long, cylindrical, continuous, with bristles up +to 1½ in. in diameter, purplish-brown in colour. Anther tips not +bearded, bristles slender, all free to the base, the inner +copiously hairy.</p> + +<p class="p3">A good fodder grass.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Bahr el Ghazal +Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn886-2" title="Pennisetum"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. near P. polystachyum</span> <em>Schultes.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Similar to above, spikes smaller, more +compressed.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, +(9,000 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn886-3" title="Pennisetum"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. pedicellatum</span> <em>Trin.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect, handsome, annual grass about 2½ ft. high; +spikes 2-5 in. long, cylindrical, more or less interrupted, the +spikelets being in small clusters. Bristles copious, fine, densely +hairy.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_468">[468]</span>Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); White +Nile Prov. (Jebel Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (Obeid to Mulbes); +Darfur Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Bari country).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn886-4" title="Pennisetum"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. cf. P. pedicellatum</span> <em>Trin.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Similar to above, spikelets densely hairy, clusters +large.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (Zalingei).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn886-5" title="Pennisetum"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Pilger.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Erect grass with stout stems and strongly ribbed +leaves about 1 in. broad, long tapering to a fine point. +Inflorescence at first enclosed in a sheath, finally up to 6 in. +long, interrupted. Spikelets in clusters of 3-12, glumes hard, +chaffy, with blunt ends. Bristles few, rough.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Fung Prov. +(Jongol’s Post).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn886-6" title="Pennisetum"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. pentastachyum</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall annual grass with stout stems up to 4-5 ft. +high. Spike cylindrical, up to 6 in. long (variable). Bristles +feathery, not much exceeding the spikelets, which are long +stalked.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn886-7" title="Pennisetum"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. orientale</span> <em>Rich.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial 2-6 ft. high, erect or ascending from a +densely tufted, often stout, creeping rootstock. Spike 5-16 in. +long, more or less lax. Bristles much longer than the spikelet, +fine, feathery, purplish. Spikelets sessile or shortly stalked.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Lat. 21° N.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn886-8" title="Pennisetum"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. unisetum</span> <em>Benth.</em> MUGHREIB +(Fung)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial, 3-12 ft. high, branched particularly from +the upper joints, leaf sheaths conspicuously long. Inflorescence +very loose and feathery. Racemes numerous, ½-2 in. long, on very +slender stalks. Spikelets single, overlapping, one bristle at the +base of each, rough, not feathery.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov. (Roseires, J. Moya and +Jongol’s Post); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Red Sea Prov. +(Tokar); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur +Prov. (J. Marra 9,200 ft.); Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn886-9" title="Pennisetum"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. ovale</span> <em>Rupr.</em> GASH EL NAL—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial about 2 ft. high, erect from a stoutish +rootstock, lower stem deeply channelled. Spike resembling a bottle +brush, up to 4 in. long, bristles stout, rough, up to 1 in. long, +several to a spikelet. Spikelets single on axis. Glume 5- or more +nerved.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Suakin and Tokar); Kassala Prov. +(Gallabat, Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. +(Hillet Abbas); Upper White Nile Prov. (Kodok); Bahr el Jebel (Bari +land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn886-10" title="Pennisetum"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. purpureum</span> <em>Schum.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall perennial grass up to 20 ft. high, spreading by +creeping underground stems; spikelets arranged round a densely +hairy central axis forming a compact, erect, bristly +cylindrical<span class="pagenum" id="Page_469">[469]</span> spike +which becomes bent at maturity; spike up to 1 ft. long. Anther tips +minutely hairy.</p> + +<p class="p3">This grass is known as Elephant Grass or Napier’s +Fodder. It is occasionally cultivated for fodder. It is also used +for building and fencing.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (near Yei River); Bahr el Jebel +(Madi).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn886-11" title="Pennisetum"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. typhoideum</span> <em>Rich.</em> DUKHN—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Annual up to 6 ft. high, stems erect, stout. +Inflorescence a cylindrical dense spike up to 8 in. long, purplish. +Grain when ripe, nearly round, yellow.</p> + +<p class="p3">Cultivated as a food crop in most parts of the +country. It is commonly known as Bulrush Millet.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn886-12" title="Pennisetum"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. mollissimum</span> <em>Hochst.</em> GUNGARA (Fung), +EL LUINDA (Kord)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Annual grass up to 3 ft. high, often branched above. +Leaf sheaths very hairy. Inflorescence cylindrical, up to 4 in. +long, often purplish, very dense. Bristles silky, feathery, very +numerous. Axis densely hairy.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov. (El Dueim); +Kordofan Prov. (Takari).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn886-13" title="Pennisetum"><span class= +"taxon bold">P. cenchroides</span> <em>Rich.</em> HESKANIT, & DANAB +EL KELB—Arab; WIGAR (?)—Nuer.</p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial grass, stems often bending upwards from a +prostrate base, up to 2 ft. long. Inflorescence dense, cylindrical, +1-4 in. long, often purplish. Bristles copious, stiffer than +preceding with the bases thickened into a disc. Anther tip free +from hairs.</p> + +<p class="p2">Note.—Differs from true Heskanit (see <a href= +"#sn887">887</a>) in that the spines are not rigid.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit and Tokar); Berber Prov. (Wadi +el Arab & Kokreb); Khartoum Prov. (Jebel Royan); Blue Nile Prov. +(Sheikh Talha); Fung Prov. (Bunzaga); White Nile Prov. (Jebel +Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn887"><span class= +"sn">887</span><span class="taxon bold">Cenchrus catharticus</span> +<em>Del.</em> HESKANIT & KOREIB—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, variable in height (up to 2 ft.). +Inflorescence cylindrical, up to 4 in. long. Spikelets surrounded +by bristles which are hardened into rigid spines and united at the +base to form a cup. Spines at the base widely spreading.</p> + +<p class="p2">Widely distributed in Northern and Central Sudan.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn887-2" title="Cenchrus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. biflorus</span> <em>Roxb.</em> ARDIAKH—Rashida, +KUREIT—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Annual grass similar to above but smaller, basal +spines not spreading.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Tokar); Between Suakin and Berber +(Wadi el Omari, Jebel Okurr and Wadi Laemab); Blue Nile Prov. (Wadi +el Haddad).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn887-3" title="Cenchrus"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. macrostachys</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Similar in habit to above but much larger. Spines +long, fine, flexuous, sometimes dark purple, united into a hard cup +at the base.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_470">[470]</span>Red +Sea Prov. (Tokar); Between Suakin and Berber (Wadi Eremit); +Kordofan Prov. (Abu Gerad).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn888"><span class= +"sn">888</span><span class="taxon bold">Trichopteryx +gigantea</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall perennial grass 5-12 ft. high, stems stout, +rough to the touch; leaves long, narrow, ½-1 ft. long by ½-¾ in. +broad, strongly ribbed. Inflorescence very narrow and loose, ½-1 +ft. long. Spikelets brown, narrow, up to 1½ in. long; glumes hard +and pointed, single on distinct stalks.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Bongo, Dukutu by the Roah +River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn888-2" title="Trichopteryx"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. flammida</span> <em>Benth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall perennial, strongly growing grass, up to over 8 +ft. high. Inflorescence up to over 1 ft. long by 4 in. wide, +brush-like, dense. Spikelets up to ⅓ in. long, narrow, yellow, with +a fine awn up to 1 in. long, single on distinct stalks.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Jur, Jur Ghattas, Geneina and +Kutshuk Ali); Mongalla Prov. (Kagulu swamp).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn888-3" title="Trichopteryx"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. annua</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual grass up to 2 ft. high. Leaves narrow, 2½-4 +in. long. Inflorescence a loose, erect, panicle. Spikelets nearly ¾ +in. long occurring singly on long stalks, yellow. Glumes covered +with black glands, from which spring fine, silky, white hairs, awns +1-1¾ in. long, fine.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn889"><span class= +"sn">889</span><span class="taxon bold">Tristachya barbata</span> +<em>Nees.</em> MASHAB—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial grass 6-18 in., woody and tufted at the +root. Leaves greyish-green. Inflorescence somewhat resembling the +oat. Spikelets in clusters of 3, up to ½ in. long; glumes narrow +and pointed, sometimes purple at the base. Awn about 1 in., with a +blackened swollen joint below the centre.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Jebel Soturba, Lat. 22° N.); Between +Suakin and Berber (Wadi Laemab and Wadi Derumkad).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn890"><span class= +"sn">890</span><span class="taxon bold">Avena sp.</span> +</p> + +<p class="p2">A species of oats.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn891"><span class= +"sn">891</span><span class="taxon bold">Danthonia Forskalei</span> +<em>Trin.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Woody, grey-green, desert grass up to 1 ft. high. +Leaves up to 2 in. long. Inflorescence up to 6 in. long (generally +less), moderately dense, narrow. Spikelets under ½ in. long, +narrow, pointed, chaffy.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn891-2" title="Danthonia"><span class= +"taxon bold">D. sp. nov.</span> +</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (Jebel Marra; Abwo waterfall 8,200 +ft.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn892"><span class= +"sn">892</span><span class="taxon bold">Phragmites communis</span> +<em>Trin.</em> BUS, BUZZ’AM (N. Kordn)—Arab; RUR, ARUR (Bahr el +Jebel)—Dinka; KURR and KWIR—Nuer; NGANZIDUPER and POPUKI—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tall perennial grass, erect, 4-12 ft. high or taller, +many jointed. Inflorescence large, tassel-like, brownish, branches +of panicle very membranous, fine. Spikelets ½-¾ in. long, with fine +white silky hairs, glumes narrow, pointed.</p> + +<p class="p3">One of the commonest species of the “Sudd” +region.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_471">[471]</span> The stems +are used for building huts, and also for making arrow shafts and +pipe stems by the Shilluks.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov (North); White Nile Prov.; +Bahr el Ghazal Prov.; Bahr el Jebel.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn893"><span class= +"sn">893</span><span class="taxon bold">Heleochloa +schoenoides</span> <em>Host.</em> GOGHEIB or GUGHEIB +(Kordn)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Small prostrate annual grass with wiry jointed stems. +Leaves few, 1-2 in. long, narrow, pointed. Inflorescences small, +compact, grouped at the end of the stems, surrounded by the +cup-like leaf sheaths.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubia (Banks of the Nile); Berber Prov. (Kalli near +Shendi); Blue Nile Prov. (Sennar); Kordofan Prov. (Debak and +Sagia).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn894"><span class= +"sn">894</span><span class="taxon bold">Polypogon +monspeliensis</span> <em>Desf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual grass up to 2 ft. high, generally less. Leaves +mostly from the base forming a dense tuft. Inflorescence a dense, +cylindrical, spike-like panicle composed of short branches crowded +on the main axis. Spikelets crowded on branches with a fine +bristle-like awn.</p> + +<p class="p2">Dongola Prov. (Banks of the Nile).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn895"><span class= +"sn">895</span><span class="taxon bold">Aristida Cummingiana</span> +<em>Nees.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small annual grass up to 1 ft. high, stems thin and +wiry. Leaves scaly, almost thread-like. Panicle loose, spikelets +single on long, very fine branches, yellow or purplish, about 1/12 +in. long. Awns 3, divided from the foot, not jointed to glume, +smooth, persistent.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn895-2" title="Aristida"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. Adscensionis</span> <em>Linn.</em> HEMRA—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Annual (generally), stems thin, wiry, growing in +tussocks, from a few inches to 2 ft. high. Leaves very narrow, +rolled, thread-like. Panicle narrow, fairly dense, interrupted. +Spikelets crowded on short branches. Awn divided into three from +the foot, divisions long, column short, smooth, persistent, not +jointed to glume.</p> + +<p class="p3">One of the common grasses of the plains, largely +collected for stock food.</p> + +<p class="p2">Widely distributed over the whole of Northern and +Central Sudan, including Darfur.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn895-3" title="Aristida"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. steudeliana</span> <em>Trin.</em> and +<em>Rupr.</em> DANABAYA, DEIL EL FAR—Arab; SIMILUL—Rashida; +HUNSIG—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Annual grass about 1 ft. high, fairly leafy. Leaves ⅛ +in. broad, flat, greyish. Inflorescence up to 4 in. long, very +dense like a fox tail. Awns not jointed to glume, long (2 in.) and +fine. Widely distributed in Northern and Central regions, and also +in Upper White Nile Prov. and Bahr el Jebel (Bari country).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn895-4" title="Aristida"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. mutabilis</span> <em>Trin</em> and <em>Rupr.</em> +GAU UMSHARA (N. Kordn.), DUNBALAB (S. Kordn)—Arab; +TUMFAR—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Annual grass like <i>A. Adscensionis</i>, but growing +more thinly. Panicle very narrow, loose, branches long and fine. +Spikelets shortly stalked, collected into bunches. Awn not +jointed<span class="pagenum" id="Page_472">[472]</span> to glume, +smooth, persistent, column long, branches comparatively short.</p> + +<p class="p2">Nubian Desert; Berber Prov. (Wad Ben Naga); Kordofan +Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn895-5" title="Aristida"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. Sieberiana</span> <em>Trin.</em> SUMEIMA (N. +Kordn)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial, ½-3 ft. high, wiry. Leaves greyish rolled +or twisted, narrow (1/12 in.). Panicle narrow, rarely open, +spikelets comparatively few on slender short branches. Awns very +long and fine, jointed at the junction with the glume from which +they ultimately break off, smooth.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. Widely distributed.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn895-6" title="Aristida"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. stipoides</span> <em>Lam.</em> AGEIG, EGEIG (N. +Kordn), UM SUBEIBA (Fung) Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial, tufted grass, over 4 ft. high, stems +stout. Leaf sheaths often with a flake of woolly hairs at the base. +Leaves up to 2 ft. long. Panicle large (1 ft.), very open, nodding, +with long fine branches bearing solitary spikelets. Awns similar to +<i>A. Sieberiana</i>.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov. (Jebel Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. +(Obeid, and between Um Ruaba and Eilafun).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn895-7" title="Aristida"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. funiculata</span> <em>Trin.</em> and <em>Rupr.</em> +GAU, HEMRA, UM ASLEILA, NUSSA and ABU HAREIB (Kordn)—Arab; +EILAB—Rashida; WAEILA—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, growing in tussocks, stems slender, wiry, +10-18 in. high. Panicle very narrow, lax, branches short, spikelets +few. Awns very long, jointed at the glume, ultimately breaking at +the junction, smooth.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Port Sudan); Between Suakin and Berber +(Wadi Eremit); Kassala Prov. (Um Adam, Gallabat, Gendua River); +Atbara River; Khartoum Prov.; Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn895-8" title="Aristida"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. ciliata</span> <em>Desf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial grass growing in low compact tufts, from +which wiry slender stems arise 1-2 ft. high. Leaves basal, +wire-like, greyish, from 1-4 in. long. Inflorescence narrow, 4-6 +in. long, rarely larger. Spikelets shortly stalked, up to ½ in. +long, narrow, 3-nerved. Awns very long and slender, one branch +conspicuously feathery, breaking from the glume.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Soturba Mts.: Wadi Hebera); between +Suakin and Berber (Wadi Omari).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn895-9" title="Aristida"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. hirtigluma</span> <em>Steud.</em> AGEIG EL +BAGGAR—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Slender perennial arising from a basal tuft of wiry +leaves, 1-2 ft. high. Inflorescence slender, up to 6 in. long. +Spikelets ⅓ in. long on short fine stalks. Glumes hairy. Awns +hairy, column as well as the long middle branch.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Sinkat and Khor Tamanib); Darfur Prov. +(Kulme).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn895-10" title="Aristida"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. papposa</span> <em>Trin.</em> and +<em>Rupr.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, growing in small scanty tufts up to 2 ft. +high. Leaves not all basal, wiry. Inflorescence narrow, lax; +spikelets narrow, pointed, ⅓ in. long. Awn long, with a tuft of +fine<span class="pagenum" id="Page_473">[473]</span> silky hairs at +the junction of the column and the branches. One branch long and +feathery at the tip.</p> + +<p class="p2">Khartoum Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. +(Prairies 20-80 miles N.E. of El Fasher).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn895-11" title="Aristida"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. plumosa</span> <em>Linn.</em> SIMEIMA (or SUMEIMA), +GABBAH (Kordn), BAYAD (N. Kordn), ANNAS (W. Dongola)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial, similar in habit to <i>A. papposa</i>, but +generally denser in growth and shorter. Awn with middle branch 2-3 +in. long, feathery above, smooth below.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Lat. 21° N.); Between Halfa and +Dongola Prov.; Berber Prov. (Abu Hamed).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn895-12" title="Aristida"><span class= +"taxon bold">A. acutiflora</span> <em>Trin.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial grass up to 2 ft. high with thin, wiry, +hairy stems. Leaves also wiry, drying light brown, often in tufts +on the stem. Inflorescence up to 4 in. long, very narrow, lax, with +very narrow, acute pointed spikelets. Awn feathery.</p> + +<p class="p2">Between Suakin and Berber; Kordofan Prov. +(Hassania).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn896"><span class= +"sn">896</span><span class="taxon bold">Tragus racemosus</span> +<em>All.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual grass growing in tufts, from a few inches to 1 +ft. high. Stems many-jointed and bent, leafy. Panicle 1-4 in. long, +slender, moderately dense. Spikelets about ⅛-⅙ in. long, narrow, +and pointed, with rows of strong hooked spines along the five +prominent ribs.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Lat. 21° N.); Blue Nile Prov. +(general); Kordofan Prov. (Um Marba and Abu Garad).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn896-2" title="Tragus"><span class= +"taxon bold">T. paucispina</span> <em>Hack.</em> MASABIGH (Khartoum +Prov.)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Small tufted desert grass up to 8 in. high (generally +much less). Stems leafy. Leaf blades short (about 1 in.). +Inflorescence generally not so dense as <i>T. racemosus</i> and the +spines finer and straighter.</p> + +<p class="p2">Between Suakim and Berber (Wadi Sarrawib and Khor +Kokreb); Khartoum Prov. (Soba).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn897"><span class= +"sn">897</span><span class="taxon bold">Latipes senegalensis</span> +<em>Kunth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">A perennial grass, growing in tufts with thin wiry +leafy stems up to 10 in. high. Leaves very narrow, inrolled. +Inflorescence 2-6 in. long, very loose, narrow, with a +conspicuously wavy axis. Spikelets dark coloured on wide spaced, +wavy, flattened stalks, two to a stalk. The lowest partly enclosed +in a long leaf sheath. Glumes covered below with thick fleshy +spines drawn to a fine point in upper half with the edges thickly +fringed with fine spines.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Sinkat and Lat. 21° N.). Kordofan +Prov. (Bareis and Shitangul).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn898"><span class= +"sn">898</span><span class="taxon bold">Perotis latifolia</span> +<em>Ait.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual or subperennial grass, tufted and leafy at the +base, stems bent, from a few inches to 1½ ft. long. Leaves +lance-shaped, up to 3 in. by ⅓ in. wavy, with rigid hairs along the +edge. Spike slender, 3-8 in. long, often purplish, rather dense. +Spikelets about 1/12 in. long with a long soft awn<span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_474">[474]</span> which gives the resemblance of +a dog’s tail to the inflorescence.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr el Ghazal (Mittu land); Mongalla Prov. (Yei +River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn899"><span class= +"sn">899</span><span class="taxon bold">Sporobolus</span> near +<span class="taxon bold">S. minutiflorus</span> <em>Link.</em> +TENTIT (Meshra el Zeraf)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Annual grass 1½-3 ft. high, with tufted slender +stems. Leaves 6-9 in. long, narrow and fine pointed. Panicle large +(12-18 in.), open, branches very fine and numerous. Spikelets on +the end of very fine branchlets, dark, about 1/30 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov.; Upper Nile Prov. (Meshra el Zeraf); +Mongalla Prov. (Bor.).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn899-2" title="Sporobolus"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. festivus</span> <em>Hochst.</em> +DEFERA-MELAIHA—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial, compactly tufted grass ½-1 ft. long; +leaves mostly basal, thin and wiry, the sheaths persisting and +forming dense tufts at the base. Panicles 2-6 in. broad, oval in +outline, very loose and spreading, erect. Spikelets small, 1/25 in. +long, solitary on very slender pedicels.</p> + +<p class="p2">Northern Sudan; Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan (Khor Abu Habl); Bahr el +Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam land).</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">var. fibrosus</span> +<em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p4">Similar in habit to above but with fibrous tufts of +leaf sheaths at the base. The stems are somewhat longer, also the +panicle larger but the spikelets are smaller.</p> + +<p class="p4">Darfur Prov. (Kulme).</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">var. stuppeus</span> +<em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p4">Resembling type, but with the basal inner fibrous +leaf sheaths covered with pallid, tow-like hairs. The panicle is +less spreading, and the spikelets larger (1/16 in.) than <i>S. +festivus</i>.</p> + +<p class="p4">Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, Jur: Kutshuk +Ali).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn899-3" title="Sporobolus"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. spicatus</span> <em>Kunth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial grass with rigid, jointed stems, ½-1½ ft. +high, growing in small tufts on long runners. Leaves mostly basal, +rigid, wiry, awl-like. Panicle very narrow, cylindric, 2-3 in. +long. Spikelets not stalked, glossy.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Tokar, Dongonab, Soturba at Merza +Gubetur. Lat. 21° N.); Bahr el Jebel (Hillet el Nuer).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn899-4" title="Sporobolus"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. pyramidalis</span> <em>P. Beauv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Large grass, often robust, 3-6 ft. high. Leaves long, +narrow, strongly ribbed. Panicle ½-1¼ ft. long by 1-2 in. wide, +branches fine, ⅓ in. long, not spreading much. Spikelets small +(about 1/20 in), very short stalked, crowded on the branches.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Fung Prov. +(Jongol’s Post); Banks of the Nile; Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Jur +Ghattas, Bongo, Gurfala; Niamniam land); Bahr el Jebel (Hillet el +Nuer and Bari).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn899-5" title="Sporobolus"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. scabriflorus</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, 6-18 in. high, frequently having flowering +branches springing from a leaf sheath about the middle of the +stem.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_475">[475]</span> Leaves 1-2 +in. long by ⅓ in. broad, lance-shaped, with short coarse bristles +along the edges. Panicle up to 4 in. long by 1½ in. wide, lax, +open, branches in whorls. Spikelets 1/20-1/9 in. long, slightly +hairy, stamens 2, seeds black.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr el Ghazal (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn899-6" title="Sporobolus"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. humifusus</span> <em>Kunth.</em> <span class= +"taxon bold">var. cordofanus</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, tufted, grass up to 1 ft. high, with many +fine, jointed, bent stems rising from a common base. Leaves +lance-shaped, about 1 in. long, bordered with fine white bristles. +Panicle 1½ in. by 1 in., fairly compact. Branches fine, about 1 in. +long, spreading. Spikelets up to 1/12 in. long, stamens 3.</p> + +<p class="p2">Khartoum Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Geteina); Kordofan +Prov. (Abu Garad).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn899-7" title="Sporobolus"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall perennial grass. Stems erect, stout. Leaves +long, narrow, with fine white hairs. Panicle 1 ft. by 1½-2½ in., +branches fine, up to 2 in. long, not spreading much. Spikelets on +short stalks, grain blackish.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam land, Ibba River near +Nganye).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn899-8" title="Sporobolus"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. robustus</span> <em>Kunth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall, perennial, strong growing grass, stems 3-8 ft. +long, from an often prostrate and rooting base. Leaves long and +narrow, ½-1 ft. by ⅛-¼ in., with weak white hairs. Panicle long and +narrow with branches interrupted from the base. Spikelets up to +1/10 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Lat. 21° N., Khor Tamaneb, Tokar); +Between Suakin and Berber (Khor Haraza); Darfur Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn899-9" title="Sporobolus"><span class= +"taxon bold">S. glaucifolius</span> <em>Hochst.</em> AKRASH (Meshra +el Zeraf) & LUH or LUKH (Kordn)—Arab; ERKA—Rashida; +EINWI—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial, densely tufted grass, grey green in colour +and covered with a waxy bloom. Stems 12-18 in. long, many jointed, +woody and bent below. Leaves mostly short and narrow. Panicle +narrow, interrupted, 3-5 in. long, very pale. Spikelets very +shortly stalked, up to 1/14 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p3">A good fodder grass.</p> + +<p class="p2">Northern Sudan and Red Sea District; Blue Nile Prov.; +Kordofan Prov. (Katul Gombara, Safra, Khor Abu Habl); Upper White +Nile Prov. (Meshra el Zeraf).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn900"><span class= +"sn">900</span><span class="taxon bold">Desmostachya +cynosuroides</span> <em>Stapf.</em> HALFA—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tall, coarse, perennial grass growing in clumps up to +3½ ft. high, branched from the base, branches covered with leathery +sheaths. Leaves very long, rigid, tips fine pointed. Panicle 6-18 +in. by about 1 in. erect, spikelets crowded on short branches.</p> + +<p class="p3">The leaves are used for making coarse ropes.</p> + +<p class="p2">Widely distributed in Northern Sudan along river +banks and in Khors; Kassala Prov.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn901"><span class= +"sn">901</span><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_476">[476]</span><span class="taxon bold">Eragrostis +pilosa</span> <em>P. Beauv.</em> NUA—Dinka; AROA—Shilluk.</p> + +<p class="p2">Annual grass growing in tufts, very variable in +height (3 in. to 3 ft.), stems slender, shiny. Leaves few, short +and narrow. Panicle very variable in size, very delicate, flexuous, +loose. Branches long and fine, spikelets on fine branchlets, 5-11 +flowered, up to 1/5 in. long, very narrow.</p> + +<p class="p2">Widely distributed throughout the Sudan.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn901-2" title="Eragrostis"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. cf. E. pilosa</span> <em>Beauv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Similar to <i>E. pilosa</i>, but larger generally and +more leafy. (Panicle up to 1 ft.).</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Tokar, south of delta).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn901-3" title="Eragrostis"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. cf. E. ægyptiaca</span> <em>Del.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual growing in low tufts. Sudan specimen much +reduced; structurally similar to <i>E. pilosa</i> but spikelets not +stalked. 15-20 flowered.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov. (Geteina).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn901-4" title="Eragrostis"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. tenuifolia</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial grass with slender stems 1½-3 ft. high, +leaves very narrow, needle-like, often long. Panicle 3-6 in., very +open. Spikelets on long, fine stalks, ⅓ in. by ⅙ in., glumes long +pointed, giving a saw-edge effect.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River, in cultivation).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn901-5" title="Eragrostis"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. chalcantha</span> <em>Trin.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial, densely tufted grass, stems slender, ½-1 +ft. long, 1-jointed, upper joint ¾ length of stem. Leaves mostly +basal, narrow, fine tapering, 1-4 in. long by 1/12-⅛ in., crowned +with soft white glandular hairs. Panicle narrow, branches short, +spikelets olive grey, up to ⅓ in. long, narrowly oval.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn901-6" title="Eragrostis"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. major</span> <em>Host.</em> BANU +(Khartoum)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Annual grass, growing in small tufts, stems slender, +but strong, ½-2 ft. high. Leaves few, 2-6 in. long, tapering to +fine point, glandular along the edges. Panicle 2-6 in. long, +moderately dense, erect. Branches spreading, stiff, longer at base. +Spikelets large, up to ⅓ in. by ⅛ in., many flowered. Grain +round.</p> + +<p class="p2">Northern and Central Sudan; Kordofan and Bahr el +Ghazal (Jur Ghattas and Niamniam land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn901-7" title="Eragrostis"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. Barrelierii</span> <em>Desv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual grass growing in tufts up to about 1 ft. high. +Stems slender, many jointed. Leaves not glandular. Inflorescence +rigid, 1½-3 in. long, 1-1½ in. broad. Branches many, subopposite. +Spikelets short stalked, many flowered, up to ½ in. long by 1/16 +in. broad.</p> + +<p class="p2">Halfa Prov. (Halfa).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn901-8" title="Eragrostis"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. tremula</span> <em>Hochst.</em> BINNU or BANU +(Kordn)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tufted annual, 6 in. to 2½ ft., stems 3-4-jointed. +Leaves narrow, mostly basal, sometimes glandular. Panicle very +large, broad, very loose, branches solitary. Spikelets nodding, on +long, very fine stalks, many-flowered, up to 1 in. long by 1/12 in. +broad.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_477">[477]</span>Blue +Nile Prov. (Rufaa); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Kordofan Prov. (Abu +Garad, Hilla el Jebel, El Obeid, Khor Abu Habl); Bahr el Ghazal +Prov. (Niamniam land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn901-9" title="Eragrostis"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. superba</span> <em>Peyr.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial, densely tufted grass with offshoots along +the stems, 2-3 ft. high. Panicle erect, 4-10 in. long, often +interrupted below. Spikelets almost round or oval, large, ¼-¾ in. +by 1/5-1/3 in., straw coloured or purplish, irregularly placed on +very unequal stalks.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Rejaf, near mountain).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn901-10" title="Eragrostis"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. obtusa</span> <em>Munro.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Densely tufted perennial with numerous leafy shoots +along stem, stems wiry, ½-1½ ft. long. Leaves very narrow, tapering +to a very fine point. Panicle 2-4 in. long, rather lax. Spikelets +large, 1/8-1/5 in., roundish or oval on very fine stalks, nodding +in wind.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn901-11" title="Eragrostis"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. rubiginosa</span> <em>Trin.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tufted annual, with solitary stems arising from a +basal tuft of leaves, up to about 1 ft. high. Leaves about 3 in. +long by ¼ in., lance-shaped, tinged with red. Inflorescence small, +consisting of 5 or 6 short branches, bearing broad heart-shaped +spikelets, which are tinged with red.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn901-12" title="Eragrostis"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. near E. Tholloni</span> <em>Franch.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Grass with dense basal tuft of leaves and fibrous +sheaths. Leaves long, narrow, tapering. Flowering stem solitary, up +to 2 ft. high. Inflorescence fairly loose, oval, with fine wavy +branches about 1 in. long, bearing large, broad, heart-shaped +spikelets of yellow colour.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn901-13" title="Eragrostis"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. ciliaris</span> <em>Link.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tufted annual 2 in.-1 ft. high, or more; stems +slender, hairless or nearly so, bent at the base, 3-4-jointed, +leaves narrow, finely pointed, short. Spikes dense, 2-6 in. long, +narrow, cylindrical. Spikelets densely crowded, pale, sometimes +purplish, 1/10 in. long, 6-12 flowered, glumes hairy.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Soturba, at Mersa Elei, and Lat. 21° +N., Khor Tamanib, Tokar); Khartoum Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (El +Obeid); Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, and Niamniam land); +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn901-14" title="Eragrostis"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. interrupta</span> <em>P. Beauv.</em> HOLAGOYA & +HEILAGŪT (N. Kordn)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, very variable in size, 2 in.-3 ft. high, stem +bent at base. Panicle with erect stiff branches, more or less +contracted or slightly spreading. Spikelets very small, green or +pale brown, 1/12-¼ in. long, glumes not hairy.</p> + +<p class="p2">Atbara River; Berber Prov. (El Mesherif and Gubba); +Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn901-15" title="Eragrostis"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_478">[478]</span><span class="taxon bold">E. +namaquensis</span> <em>Nees.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tufted annual, 6 in.-2 ft. high, stem erect, slender. +Leaves narrow. Panicle long and narrow, contracted or loose; +spikelets usually crowded, 1/12 in. long, 5-6 flowered, light +purplish or brownish.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov. (Jebel Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; +Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn901-16" title="Eragrostis"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. aspera</span> <em>Nees.</em> HEMEIRA +(Khartoum)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tufted annual 2-4 in. high. Panicle large, open, +10-20 in. long by 4-6 in. broad. Spikelets narrow, blunt, 1/5 in. +long, 4-16 flowered, pale or tinged with purple, glumes rough.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Tokar and Lat. 21° N.); Blue Nile +Prov. (Kamlin); Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov. (Roseires); Darfur Prov. +(Kulme); Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam land).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn902"><span class= +"sn">902</span><span class="taxon bold">Diplachne fusca</span> +<em>Beauv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Coarse perennial growing in compact tufts, stems +stout, 3-5 ft. long, 3-jointed, branched, with leafy shoots +springing from the lower. Leaf blades more or less rigid, 3-6 in. +by 1/12-⅛ in. Panicle 9-18 in. long, narrow, slightly nodding, +consisting of numerous slender branches up to 5 in. long, not +spreading. Spikelets ¼-½ in. long, 5-10 flowered, very shortly +stalked, olive grey in colour.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov. (Jebel Arashkol).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn903"><span class= +"sn">903</span><span class="taxon bold">Leptochloa chinensis</span> +<em>Nees.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">A rather coarse annual, stems stout, erect, 2-4 ft. +high, many jointed. Leaves long, 6-18 in., narrow, grey-green. +Panicle 6-18 in., consisting of numerous slender, flexuous +branches, often spreading. Spikelets crowded on the branches, not +stalked, dark colour, about 1/10 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Wau).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn903-2" title="Leptochloa"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. sp.</span> +</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn904"><span class= +"sn">904</span><span class="taxon bold">Schoenefeldia +gracilis</span> <em>Kunth.</em> DANAB EL NAGA, EMFERID (Blue Nile), +GAU DUMBELAD (N. Kordn)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Annual with slender wiry stems growing in tufts, up +to 18 in. high. Leaves very narrow, inrolled at the edges. Spikes 2 +or 3, digitate, each 2-4 in. long, axis densely covered with 2 +ranks of small spikelets (1/12 in. long), bearing long, flexuous +awns up to 1½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Northern and Central Sudan; Kordofan Prov.; Darfur +Prov. (Jebel Barkin, Suruj district).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn905"><span class= +"sn">905</span><span class="taxon bold">Microchloa setacea</span> +<em>R. Br.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial, growing in compact tufts, stems very +slender, from 2 in. to more than 1 ft. long. Leaves crowded at the +base, short, rigid and wiry, the basal sheaths breaking into +fibres. Spikes solitary, 1-6 in. long, very slender, little thicker +than the stems, usually curved, often purplish. Spikelets +1-flowered in a single row, up to ⅛ in. long, widely spaced on the +axis of the spike.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn906"><span class= +"sn">906</span><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_479">[479]</span><span class="taxon bold">Cynodon +Dactylon</span> <em>Pers.</em> NAGIL, DIFRAT EL KHAIL (N. +Kordn)—Arab; BURTIT (Dilling)—Nuba.</p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial, creeping grass, forming matted tufts, with +short, ascending, slender, many jointed branches from a few inches +to 1 ft. long. Spikelets minute, 1-2-ranked on 3-6 digitate spikes. +A common grass, an excellent fodder, very suited to the making of +lawns.</p> + +<p class="p2">Throughout the Sudan.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn907"><span class= +"sn">907</span><span class="taxon bold">Enteropogon +macrostachya</span> <em>Munro.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Rather coarse perennial grass up to 2½ ft. high, +stems slender and wiry, branched at the base. Leaves long, up to +1/5 in. broad, grey-green. Spikes up to 6 in. long, solitary, +pallid. Spikelets densely packed on one side of the axis, narrow, +and with a short awn.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (Jebel Barkin).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn908"><span class= +"sn">908</span><span class="taxon bold">Chloris pycnothrix</span> +<em>Trin.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Slender perennial or annual grass, ½-1 ft. high, +stems at the base prostrate, with tufts of barren shoots and stems +springing from the rooting joints. Leaves 1½-2 in., very narrow. +Spikes 3 to 9, sessile, or some shortly stalked, 1½-3 in. long, +digitate. Spikelets minute, awn of lower valve very fine, ½-¾ in. +long, upper valve also curved, with fine bristle ⅙-¼ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei district).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn908-2" title="Chloris"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. punctulata</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial, ½-1 ft. high, stems with stout, wiry, +creeping stems rooting at the joints and sending up fresh tufts +therefrom. Stems slender, enclosed in the sheathing bases of the +leaves up to the base of the inflorescence. Spikes 1-2½ in. long, +3-6, digitate. Spikelets minute, rigid, and bristle-like, about ½ +in. long, yellow.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Lat. 21-22° N.); Khartoum Prov.; +Kordofan Prov. (Joka).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn908-3" title="Chloris"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. virgata</span> <em>Swartz.</em> +TIMALA—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial or annual, 1-3 ft. high. Stems often +prostrate below, and giving off barren shoots from the rooting +joints. Spikes 6-15 or more, digitate, whitish green or purplish, +1-2½ in. long. Spikelets about ⅙ in. long, 2-awned, on upper valve +¼-½ in. long, on lower ½-¾ in. long, lower valve also hairy and +bearded below the tip.</p> + +<p class="p3">A fodder grass.</p> + +<p class="p2">Widely distributed in Northern and Central Sudan +(Fung Prov. (Shellal).</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="taxon bold">var. elegans</span> +<em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p4">Similar to type, but spikes up to 3 in. long, lower +valve of spikelets conspicuously swollen.</p> + +<p class="p4">Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & Tokar).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn908-4" title="Chloris"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. gayana</span> <em>Kunth.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial or annual, 2-4 ft. high. Stems often stout +with runners at the base from which spring barren +shoots.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_480">[480]</span> Leaves +narrow, long tapering, ½ to more than 1 ft. long. Spikes 6-15, +digitate, not stalked, rarely spreading, 2½-4 in. long. Spikelets ⅛ +in. long, shortly 2-awned, dense on the spikes.</p> + +<p class="p2">Mongalla Prov. (Yei Valley District).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn908-5" title="Chloris"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. barbata</span> <em>Sw.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial very variable in size and habit. Stems +stout, 1-3 ft. high, with long creeping runners at the base. Spikes +4-20, ½-4 in. long, digitate. Spikelets 1/10-⅙ in., green or +red-purple, 3-awned, awn ¼-⅓ in. long; glumes very hairy, and +pointed at the tip.</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn908-6" title="Chloris"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. breviseta</span> <em>Benth.</em> DAZ (Meshra el +Zeraf) UM ASABA—Arab; YOLOVAN (Meshra el Zeraf)—Dinka.</p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial up to 2 ft. high, with stout stems and +creeping basal runners. Leaves long and narrow. Spikes up to 12, +about 3 in. long. Spikelets about ⅙ in. long, 3-awned, but awns +only short bristles, glumes slightly hairy, often fringed with +purple.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Kordofan Prov. +(Abu Haraz); Darfur Prov. (Kulme, 3,600 ft.); Upper White Nile +Prov. (Meshra el Zeraf); Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River, Gondokoro).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn908-7" title="Chloris"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. villosa</span> <em>Pers.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial from a densely tufted stout woody base +which is clothed with broad overlapping leaf-sheaths. Stems +slender, up to 3 ft. high, but generally smaller. Leaves very +narrow 1-3 in. Spikes solitary up to 3 in. long. Spikelets 4-awned, +awns up to ⅓ in. long, very dense on the axis, triangular, with the +base upwards, glumes very hairy.</p> + +<p class="p3">A good fodder grass in desert regions.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Khor Tamanib); Between Suakin and +Berber (Wadi Omari).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn908-8" title="Chloris"><span class= +"taxon bold">C. spathacea</span> <em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tufted perennial up to 1 ft. high, similar in habit +to <i>C. villosa</i>, but generally smaller, and the solitary spike +wholly or partly enclosed in spathe-like leaf-sheaths. The awns +also are rather more rigid.</p> + +<p class="p2">Between Suakin and Berber (Wadi Laemab); Atbara River +(Jebel Erimbat, Goz Regeb); Blue Nile Prov. (Wad el Haddad, Wad el +Gamali); White Nile Prov. (Jebel Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (Bir +Sodari and Abu Haraz).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn909"><span class= +"sn">909</span><span class="taxon bold">Ctenium elegans</span> +<em>Kunth.</em> DANAB EL NAGA, ABU-DHANABI—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial densely tufted grass, stems thin, wiry, +1½-2½ ft. high. Leaves scanty, narrow. Spikes solitary up to 1 ft. +long. Spikelets very narrow, densely packed on one side of the axis +like the teeth of a comb, shortly awned with a fine bristle. Glumes +and axis finely hairy.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile Prov. (Sennar); Kordofan Prov. (Jebel Kon, +Khor Abu Habl); Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Gir).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn909-2" title="Ctenium"><span class= +"pagenum" id="Page_481">[481]</span><span class="taxon bold">C. +Schweinfurthii</span> <em>Gilg.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Similar in general habit to <i>C. elegans</i>, but +differs in that two of the glumes are strongly hairy, the inner +glume is not glandular and the awn from the side nerve is +conspicuous.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Bongo land).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn910"><span class= +"sn">910</span><span class="taxon bold">Coelachyrum +brevifolium</span> <em>Nees.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small annual tufted grass 3-6 in. high, frequently +bearing long trailing stems with leafy branches at the joints. +Leaves 1-2 in. long, lance-shaped. Panicle loose, branches up to +six in number, about 1 in. long, irregularly arranged. Spikelets +crowded on the branches, about ⅛ in. long, 3-4-flowered, glumes +ovate.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Tokar and Lat. 21° N.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn911"><span class= +"sn">911</span><span class="taxon bold">Eleusine indica</span> +<em>Gaertn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, often strong growing, but variable according +to locality, from a few inches to 2 ft. in height. Stems flattened, +2-3-jointed. Leaves often numerous, crowded near the base, long, +narrow, midrib conspicuous. Spikes 2-14, 1-7 in. long, digitate, +with usually 1 or 2 extra below. Spikes slender, straight, axis +breaking above the glumes. Spikelets 1/8-1/6 in. long, in two rows +all crowded on one side of the axis. Seed heart-shaped in cross +section.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Fung Prov. +(Jongol’s Post); Nubia Mts. Prov. (Talodi); Mongalla Prov. +(Gondokoro, Mongalla and Yei River); Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Jur +Ghattas and Niamniam land).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn911-2" title="Eleusine"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. coracana</span> <em>Gaertn.</em> TELABUN—Arab; +KOELL—Bongo; MONU or MARO—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Very like <i>E. indica</i>, but more robust, up to 5 +ft. high. Spikes thick, often curved, axis tough, grain +roundish.</p> + +<p class="p3">Cultivated for the grain in the Southern Sudan, where +it is used both for food and in the preparation of native beer.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Jur +Ghattas and Niamniam land); Bahr el Jebel (Bari country).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn911-3" title="Eleusine"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. flagellifera</span> <em>Nees.</em> HOMRA (Red Sea +Prov.)—Arab; IGLA—Rashida; TOKSHIN—Hadendowa.</p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial with long, stiff, wiry, creeping stems, +much branched and rooting at the joints, which are often leafy and +thickened. Erect flowering stems about 10 in. long. Spikes 3-6, +1-1½ in. long. Spikelets crowded, overlapping, ⅛-⅓ in. long, often +purplish.</p> + +<p class="p3">Desert grass.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (littoral, Lat. 22° N., Wadi el Arab +and Tokar); Between Suakin and Berber (Wadi Laemab); Berber Prov. +(Atbara river); Kassala Prov. (Um Adam).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn911-4" title="Eleusine"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. verticillata</span> <em>Roxb.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tufted annual 1-3 ft. high, with many strong leafy +stems. Leaves rather broad. Spikes numerous, rather scattered on +the axis or arranged in whorls, up to 3 in. long. +Spikelets<span class="pagenum" id="Page_482">[482]</span> large, up +to ¼ in., densely crowded, glumes very pointed, overlapping.</p> + +<p class="p2">Between Suakin and Berber (Jebel Okurr).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn912"><span class= +"sn">912</span><span class="taxon bold">Dactyloctenium +ægypticum</span> <em>Willd.</em> KOREIB (Khartoum), UM ASABA +(Kordn)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Annual, 1-1½ ft. high, stems stoutish, sometimes +prostrate and rooting from the joints at the base. Leaves long, +tapering to a fine point, 1-5 in. long by 1½-⅙ in. wide. Often +hairy with white hairs bearing a small tubercle at the base. Spikes +2-6, digitate, ½-2 in. long, axis stout with spikelets densely +packed in 2 rows facing in one direction and spreading at right +angles. Spikelets up to ⅛ in. long, stiff, armed with a short +curved rigid awn.</p> + +<p class="p3">A good fodder plant; the seed is eaten at times.</p> + +<p class="p2">Widely distributed in the Sudan.</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn912-2" title="Dactyloctenium"> +<span class="taxon bold">D. glauciphyllum</span> +<em>Courb.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial with long creeping stems bearing leafy +flowering tufts at the thickened joints, 8 in.-1 ft. high. Leaves +mainly basal, 1-5 in. long, very narrow, thinly covered with long +soft white hairs. Spikes about 4 in number, digitate, up to 1 in. +long, branches densely packed with spikelets about 1/5 in. long, +glumes prolonged into a sharp hard point.</p> + +<p class="p3">A desert grass, eaten readily by cattle, sheep, and +goats, but dangerous to horses causing irritation to the bladder +and kidneys if eaten in large quantities.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Lat. 21° N., Tokar, Khor Tamanib); +Between Suakin and Berber (Wadi Sarrawib and Wadi el Omari).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn913"><span class= +"sn">913</span><span class="taxon bold">Dinebra arabica</span> +<em>Stapf.</em> EL MILEIHA (Khartoum) and MAMLEIHA (Fung)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Annual leafy grass 1-3 ft. high, growing in dense +tufts, stems stout, branching from the base. Leaves flat, 3-8 in. +long. Inflorescence up to 1 ft. long, axis stout, rigid, erect. +Branches rather irregularly and widely spaced, becoming closer +towards the apex, ½-2½ in. long. Spikelets overlapping, ⅙ in. long, +outer glumes drawn out into a long, fine, rigid point.</p> + +<p class="p2">Widely distributed in the Sudan.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn914"><span class= +"sn">914</span><span class="taxon bold">Trichoneura arenaria</span> +<em>Ekman.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Small tufted annual grass, woody at the base up to 4 +in. long, finely dense. Spikelets flattened, shortly awned.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Soturba, Mersa Elei).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn915"><span class= +"sn">915</span><span class="taxon bold">Triraphis nana</span> +<em>Boiss.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Dwarf desert grass, annual, about 4 in. high. Leaves +very narrow and fine pointed. Panicle brush-like, oval, about 1 in. +long. Spikelets dense, very hairy, with a fine bristle-like +awn.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea Prov. (Lat. 21° N.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn916"><span class= +"sn">916</span><span class="taxon bold">Tripogon sp.</span> (See +<a href="#keygrass">Key</a>).</p> + +<p class="p2">Darfur Prov. (Jebel Marra, high zone).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn917"><span class= +"sn">917</span><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_483">[483]</span><span class="taxon bold">Enneapogon +elegans</span> <em>Stapf.</em> MASABIGH—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial grass about 15 in. high, with tufted woody +base. Leaves mostly basal, with tight woody sheaths, blades very +narrow, finely hairy. Inflorescence spike-like, whitish or +purplish, up to 4 in. long. Spikelets in clusters, fairly dense on +the axis. Glumes narrow, divided apically into 9 feathery awns. +Grain oval, with long silky white hairs springing from the upper +half.</p> + +<p class="p3">A good fodder grass.</p> + +<p class="p2">Between Suakin and Berber (Wadi Eremit); Khartoum +Prov. (Jebel Malakhit).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn917-2" title="Enneapogon"><span class= +"taxon bold">E. mollis</span> <em>Lehm.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Perennial, more or less finely hairy all over. Stems +1-3 ft. long. Leaves long, up to ⅜ in. broad, mostly narrower. +Inflorescence spike-like, often interrupted and lobed below, ⅙ in. +long. Spikelets crowded, up to 1/5 in. long, awns 9, feathery, up +to ¼ in. long, glumes often tinged with black, the whole rather +like a fox tail.</p> + +<p class="p2">Blue Nile Prov. (Near mouth of Dinder River). +Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov.</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn918"><span class= +"sn">918</span><span class="taxon bold">Schmidtia +pappophoroides</span> <em>Steud.</em> EL MILEIHA (N. +Kordn)—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Coarse tufted perennial grass up to 1½ ft. high, +covered with fine short hairs. Stems bent and woody below. Panicle +up to 4 in. long, spike-like, narrow, fairly dense. Spikelets in +clusters of 4-6, hairy. Glumes 9-nerved, five being prolonged into +straight fine bristle-like awns, of a brownish yellow colour.</p> + +<p class="p3">A good fodder grass.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (Wadi Gotta and Kheiran); Darfur Prov. +(Jebel Sungur, Suruj district).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn919"><span class= +"sn">919</span><span class="taxon bold">Oryza brachyantha</span> +<em>Stapf.</em> RUZ EL WADI—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tall leafy grass with stout stems growing in +inundated or swampy soil, about 2 ft. high or more. Leaves long, +tapering to a fine point. Spikelets large, flat, oblong, about ⅜ +in. long, shortly stalked on the wavy branches of an elongated +narrow panicle, including the awn over 1 ft. long. Awns slender, +rigid, rough, 6 in. or more long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn919-2" title="Oryza"><span class= +"taxon bold">O. Barthii</span> <em>Chev.</em> RUZ—Arab, ALABU—Dinka +and Shilluk.</p> + +<p class="p2">Coarse leafy grass with stout ribbed stems growing in +inundated khors near river; about 2 ft. high. Leaves up to ½ in. +wide. Panicle rather lax, up to 1 ft. long. Spikelets +reddish-yellow, with short stiff white hairs, ⅓ in. long, narrow, +and tapering to a fine tip. Awns wavy, less than 3 in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Upper White Nile Prov. (Kio plantation).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn919-3" title="Oryza"><span class= +"taxon bold">O. punctata</span> <em>Kotschy.</em> RUZ EL WADI, UM +SHEBITI or TIBN—Arab.</p> + +<p class="p2">Aquatic grass growing in flooded khors, 2-3 ft. high, +stems moderately stout. Leaves under ½ in. wide, finely +ribbed.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_484">[484]</span> Panicle +very lax, up to 10 in. long, branches few. Spikelets oblong, ¼ in. +long, hairy on the ribs. Awn slightly curved, about 1½ in. +long.</p> + +<p class="p2">White Nile Prov. (Jebel Arashkol); Kordofan (Khor Abu +Habl.); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn919-4" title="Oryza"><span class= +"taxon bold">O. officinalis</span> <em>Wall.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall leafy grass up to 6 ft. high, stems slender. +Leaves 1-2 ft. by ½-1½ in., pale grey green. Panicle up to 8 in. +long, very lax, branches spreading. Spikelets ⅙ in., white. Awn up +to ½ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr el Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam land, Nabambisso River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn920"><span class= +"sn">920</span><span class="taxon bold">Leersia hexandra</span> +<em>Sw.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Rice-like grass growing in swampy soil, smaller and +more slender than true Rice, 2-4 ft. high. Inflorescence a loose +panicle 2-4 in. long. Spikelets ⅙ in. long, lower florets absent, +glumes not awned. Leaves 8-12 in. long by ⅓-½ in. broad, flat, +sharp edged.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam land, Nabambisso +River); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn920-2" title="Leersia"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. angustifolia</span> <em>Munro.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tufted grass up to 2 ft. high, growing in swamps. +Inflorescence loose, purplish, bristles on edges of glumes nearly +straight and set at an acute angle. Leaves very narrow, awl-like, +folded.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species2" id="sn920-3" title="Leersia"><span class= +"taxon bold">L. drepanothria</span> <em>Stapf.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Similar to above in habit. Bristles on glumes +curled.</p> + +<p class="p2">Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn921"><span class= +"sn">921</span><span class="taxon bold">Elytrophorus +articulatus</span> <em>P. Beauv.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">An erect annual grass 6-18 in. high. Leaves as long +as the stem and spikes very narrow. Inflorescence often larger than +the stem, reddish yellow in colour. Spikelets in globose clusters +that are densely packed along a central axis, forming a long +cylindric or interrupted spike. Spikelets ⅙ in. long, with awned +glumes surrounded by many empty glumes. Awns about ¼ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kordofan Prov. (Abu Garad, El Mareikib); Bahr el +Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn922"><span class= +"sn">922</span><span class="taxon bold">Aeluropus repens</span> +<em>Parl.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">A rigid grass with long wiry roots. Stems 6-12 in. +long, densely tufted, branched, hard, erect or prostrate, with +long, often creeping runners. Leaves ⅙-1 in., mostly spreading at +right angles to the stem, inrolled and sharp pointed resembling +thorns in appearance. Inflorescence ¼-⅔ in. in diameter, globose or +ovoid. Spikelets densely compacted.</p> + +<p class="p2">Red Sea (Coastal region).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn923"><span class= +"sn">923</span><span class="taxon bold">Bromus adoensis</span> +<em>Hochst.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Annual about 1 ft. high, stems slender, leaves long, +narrow. Panicle lax, spikelets 6-9 flowered on slender flexuous +stalks, tassel-like, purplish. Awns up to ¾ in. long.</p> + +<p class="p2"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_485">[485]</span>Darfur Prov. (Jebel Marra, Niurnya 6,500 +ft.). Red Sea Prov. (between 3-4,000 ft.).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn924"><span class= +"sn">924</span><span class="taxon bold">Olyra latifolia</span> +<em>Linn.</em></p> + +<p class="p2">Tall branched perennial 10-15 ft. high, growing in +shady moist khors. Leaves large, 4-7 in. long, by 1-2¾ in. broad, +flat, narrowed to a fine tip. Inflorescence 3-6 in. long, somewhat +loose. Spikelets oval, about ¼ in. long, awn up to nearly an inch, +flexuous. Glumes papery.</p> + +<p class="p2">Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam land, Boddo River). +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River).</p> + +<p class="species1" id="sn925"><span class= +"sn">925</span><span class="taxon bold">Oxytenanthera +abyssinica</span> <em>Munro.</em> GANNA—Arab; MEDERA—Hameg; TAL (J. +Daier), LUI (J. Eliri)—Nuba; LAU—Nuer; NGANZI—Zande.</p> + +<p class="p2">Tall leafy shrub with woody stems (canes) rising from +a thick rhizome. Leaves lance-head shaped, up to 6 in. by 1 in. +wide. Spikelets in dense terminal heads in more or less globose +whorls.</p> + +<p class="p3">The Bamboo; the stems are used for building and many +other purposes.</p> + +<p class="p2">Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Fung Prov. (J. +Fazoghli); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Khors); Atbara River; Bahr el Ghazal +Prov. (Khors).</p> + +<hr class="chap"> + +<h2 class="large"><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_486">[486]</span>INDEX TO NATIVE NAMES.</h2> + +<h3 class="bold"><a id="indara"></a>ARABIC NAMES</h3> + +<table class="index" id="tindara"> +<tr> +<td> +</td> +<td><span class="less">SERIAL NO.</span> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Abbaka</td> +<td><a href="#sn480">480</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Abdugulgul</td> +<td><a href="#sn698">698</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Abhamāda</td> +<td><a href="#sn370">370</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Abjalajel</td> +<td><a href="#sn22">22</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Abkileh</td> +<td><a href="#sn291">291</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Abl</td> +<td><a href="#sn155">155</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Abongandur</td> +<td><a href="#sn693">693</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Abrukab</td> +<td><a href="#sn111">111</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Abu Ain Safra</td> +<td><a href="#sn543">543</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Abu Beka</td> +<td><a href="#sn480">480</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Abu Dhanabi</td> +<td><a href="#sn909">909</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Abu ’Eleiba</td> +<td><a href="#sn618">618</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Abu Fas</td> +<td><a href="#sn689">689</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Abu Galagel</td> +<td><a href="#sn22">22</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Abu Garada</td> +<td><a href="#sn855">855</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Abu Gawi</td> +<td><a href="#sn334">334</a>, <a href="#sn480">480</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Abu Halagin</td> +<td><a href="#sn618">618</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Abu Hamāda</td> +<td><a href="#sn370">370</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Abu Hareib</td> +<td><a href="#sn895">895</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Abu Hosaba</td> +<td><a href="#sn628">628</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Abu Khalafof</td> +<td><a href="#sn199">199</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Abu Khameira</td> +<td><a href="#sn270">270</a>, <a href="#sn368">368</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Abu Khamir</td> +<td><a href="#sn430">430</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Abu Lebben</td> +<td><a href="#sn142">142</a>, <a href="#sn229">229</a>, <a href= +"#sn440">440</a>, <a href="#sn451">451</a>, <a href= +"#sn460">460</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Abu Leila</td> +<td><a href="#sn276">276</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Abu Likeita</td> +<td><a href="#sn30">30</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Abu Liseig</td> +<td><a href="#sn256">256</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Abu Marfein</td> +<td><a href="#sn478">478</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Abu Nuwara</td> +<td><a href="#sn674">674</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Abu Rikhis</td> +<td><a href="#sn864">864</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Abu Rukba</td> +<td><a href="#sn880">880</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Abu Shoka</td> +<td><a href="#sn119">119</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Abu Shutur</td> +<td><a href="#sn662">662</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Abu Shweika</td> +<td><a href="#sn119">119</a>, <a href="#sn570">570</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Abu Sidra</td> +<td><a href="#sn662">662</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Abu Surug</td> +<td><a href="#sn282">282</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Abu Tamara</td> +<td><a href="#sn38">38</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Abu Tifa</td> +<td><a href="#sn722">722</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Abu Tumra</td> +<td><a href="#sn113">113</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Addar Abu Shar</td> +<td><a href="#sn855">855</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Addar</td> +<td><a href="#sn855">855</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Addimir</td> +<td><a href="#sn37">37</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Adlib</td> +<td><a href="#sn102">102</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>’Ads Sudani</td> +<td><a href="#sn339">339</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>’Ads Surgam</td> +<td><a href="#sn323">323</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Af</td> +<td><a href="#sn814">814</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Agash</td> +<td><a href="#sn461">461</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Agassir</td> +<td><a href="#sn244">244</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ageig</td> +<td><a href="#sn895">895</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ageig El Baggar</td> +<td><a href="#sn895">895</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Agur</td> +<td><a href="#sn164">164</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ain El Jenel</td> +<td><a href="#sn593">593</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ajur</td> +<td><a href="#sn164">164</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ajur El Ghazal</td> +<td><a href="#sn164">164</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ajur El Kelb</td> +<td><a href="#sn164">164</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Akasa</td> +<td><a href="#sn244">244</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Akeish</td> +<td><a href="#sn461">461</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Aklimawi</td> +<td><a href="#sn855">855</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>’Akrash</td> +<td><a href="#sn899">899</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Alag</td> +<td><a href="#sn38">38</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Alankuwe</td> +<td><a href="#sn368">368</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Algulu-ar</td> +<td><a href="#sn430">430</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Alloseg</td> +<td><a href="#sn200">200</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Alluseig</td> +<td><a href="#sn200">200</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Amayok</td> +<td><a href="#sn303">303</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ambaj</td> +<td><a href="#sn311">311</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ambatch</td> +<td><a href="#sn311">311</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Amboru</td> +<td><a href="#sn218">218</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Amgineidilad</td> +<td><a href="#sn344">344</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Amzaq</td> +<td><a href="#sn402">402</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Anaba</td> +<td><a href="#sn370">370</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Anawidik</td> +<td><a href="#sn111">111</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ankolib</td> +<td><a href="#sn855">855</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Annas</td> +<td><a href="#sn895">895</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ansora</td> +<td><a href="#sn866">866</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ara</td> +<td><a href="#sn107">107</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Araa Aassali</td> +<td><a href="#sn174">174</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Araa Kossa</td> +<td><a href="#sn164">164</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Araa Stambuli</td> +<td><a href="#sn174">174</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Araka</td> +<td><a href="#sn367">367</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ararib</td> +<td><a href="#sn86">86</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ardeib</td> +<td><a href="#sn275">275</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Argun</td> +<td><a href="#sn814">814</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Arish</td> +<td><a href="#sn402">402</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Arkala</td> +<td><a href="#sn133">133</a>, <a href="#sn440">440</a>, <a href= +"#sn618">618</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Arrada</td> +<td><a href="#sn288">288</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Arrawal</td> +<td><a href="#sn543">543</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Arsh</td> +<td><a href="#sn161">161</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Asad el Tugule</td> +<td><a href="#sn413">413</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Asat el Gird</td> +<td><a href="#sn413">413</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Asfar</td> +<td><a href="#sn105">105</a>, <a href="#sn571">571</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Asin</td> +<td><a href="#sn30">30</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Aslanga</td> +<td><a href="#sn765">765</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ass’aib</td> +<td><a href="#sn38">38</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Attar</td> +<td><a href="#sn244">244</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Aud</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Azanaya</td> +<td><a href="#sn599">599</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Babanus</td> +<td><a href="#sn342">342</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Babirusa</td> +<td><a href="#sn827">827</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Baggis</td> +<td><a href="#sn480">480</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bahana</td> +<td><a href="#sn855">855</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bal</td> +<td><a href="#sn340">340</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Balah</td> +<td><a href="#sn814">814</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bambit</td> +<td><a href="#sn104">104</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bamia</td> +<td><a href="#sn224">224</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Banaduro</td> +<td><a href="#sn611">611</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bango</td> +<td><a href="#sn361">361</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Banu</td> +<td><a href="#sn901">901</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Basham</td> +<td><a href="#sn199">199</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bassal El Kelb</td> +<td><a href="#sn772">772</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bassal El Wadi</td> +<td><a href="#sn757">757</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Battikh</td> +<td><a href="#sn172">172</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bayad<br> +(See also Be-eid.)</td> +<td><a href="#sn781">781</a>, <a href="#sn895">895</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bebit</td> +<td><a href="#sn105">105</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bedingan</td> +<td><a href="#sn608">608</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bedingan El Guta</td> +<td><a href="#sn608">608</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Be-Eid<br> +(See also Bayad.)</td> +<td><a href="#sn781">781</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Begheil</td> +<td><a href="#sn676">676</a>, <a href="#sn841">841</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bekheiset</td> +<td><a href="#sn756">756</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Berīd</td> +<td><a href="#sn764">764</a>, <a href="#sn772">772</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bersīm baladi</td> +<td><a href="#sn296">296</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bersīm hegazi</td> +<td><a href="#sn295">295</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bet el Arus</td> +<td><a href="#sn329">329</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Beylasān</td> +<td><a href="#sn163">163</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bigm</td> +<td><a href="#sn155">155</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Biltik</td> +<td><a href="#sn550">550</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Binnu</td> +<td><a href="#sn901">901</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bombay</td> +<td><a href="#sn618">618</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bortugan</td> +<td><a href="#sn379">379</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Buda</td> +<td><a href="#sn652">652</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Burdi</td> +<td><a href="#sn738">738</a>, <a href="#sn827">827</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Burnus</td> +<td><a href="#sn866">866</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Burri</td> +<td><a href="#sn855">855</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bus</td> +<td><a href="#sn892">892</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Buzz’am</td> +<td><a href="#sn892">892</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dabalab</td> +<td><a href="#sn239">239</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dabkar</td> +<td><a href="#sn33">33</a>, <a href="#sn392">392</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dafara</td> +<td><a href="#sn602">602</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dahaian</td> +<td><a href="#sn44">44</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dahassir</td> +<td><a href="#sn300">300</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dakar</td> +<td><a href="#sn814">814</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dakheyan</td> +<td><a href="#sn44">44</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dalle</td> +<td><a href="#sn86">86</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Danaban</td> +<td><a href="#sn692">692</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Danabaya</td> +<td><a href="#sn895">895</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Danab El Abilani</td> +<td><a href="#sn111">111</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Danab El Kelb</td> +<td><a href="#sn104">104</a>, <a href="#sn882">882</a>, <a href= +"#sn886">886</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Danab El Naga</td> +<td><a href="#sn904">904</a>, <a href="#sn909">909</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Danab El Tut</td> +<td><a href="#sn88">88</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Darot</td> +<td><a href="#sn188">188</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dawa na Samaki</td> +<td><a href="#sn303">303</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dayok</td> +<td><a href="#sn756">756</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Daz</td> +<td><a href="#sn908">908</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Deberrah</td> +<td><a href="#sn101">101</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Defera</td> +<td><a href="#sn873">873</a>, <a href="#sn877">877</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Defera Melaiha</td> +<td><a href="#sn899">899</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Deil El Far</td> +<td><a href="#sn895">895</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Deilu</td> +<td><a href="#sn86">86</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Deleib</td> +<td><a href="#sn818">818</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Demchirai</td> +<td><a href="#sn256">256</a>, <a href="#sn257">257</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Denaba</td> +<td><a href="#sn57">57</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dereisa<br> +(See also Dreisa.)</td> +<td><a href="#sn117">117</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Derma</td> +<td><a href="#sn300">300</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Difera</td> +<td><a href="#sn877">877</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Difrat El Khei</td> +<td><a href="#sn906">906</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dinsis</td> +<td><a href="#sn528">528</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dis</td> +<td><a href="#sn738">738</a>, <a href="#sn827">827</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dom</td> +<td><a href="#sn819">819</a>, <a href="#sn820">820</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dreisa</td> +<td><a href="#sn117">117</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dreys<br> +(See also Dreisa.)</td> +<td><a href="#sn117">117</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dubagha</td> +<td><a href="#sn204">204</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dueid</td> +<td><a href="#sn781">781</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><span class="pagenum" id="Page_487">[487]</span>Duffeig</td> +<td><a href="#sn814">814</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dukhan</td> +<td><a href="#sn616">616</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dukhān El Azabat</td> +<td><a href="#sn602">602</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dukhn</td> +<td><a href="#sn886">886</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dunbalab</td> +<td><a href="#sn895">895</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dura Seifi</td> +<td><a href="#sn855">855</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dura Shami</td> +<td><a href="#sn840">840</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Duruba</td> +<td><a href="#sn394">394</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Durūt</td> +<td><a href="#sn188">188</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Egeig</td> +<td><a href="#sn895">895</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Eibnusa</td> +<td><a href="#sn342">342</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Eish Er Rif</td> +<td><a href="#sn840">840</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>El Ara</td> +<td><a href="#sn107">107</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>El Aud</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>El Bueida</td> +<td><a href="#sn104">104</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>El Erra</td> +<td><a href="#sn163">163</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>El Gurun</td> +<td><a href="#sn121">121</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>El Hād</td> +<td><a href="#sn628">628</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>El Kurda</td> +<td><a href="#sn873">873</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>El Luinda</td> +<td><a href="#sn886">886</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>El Mileiha</td> +<td><a href="#sn913">913</a>, <a href="#sn918">918</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>El Rak</td> +<td><a href="#sn367">367</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>El Sha’aluk</td> +<td><a href="#sn163">163</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>El Sherei’a</td> +<td><a href="#sn300">300</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>El Torak</td> +<td><a href="#sn855">855</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>El Tübbür</td> +<td><a href="#sn739">739</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>El Turba</td> +<td><a href="#sn340">340</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>El Ut</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>El Wein</td> +<td><a href="#sn652">652</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>El Yeir</td> +<td><a href="#sn163">163</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Emferid</td> +<td><a href="#sn904">904</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Enab El Dib</td> +<td><a href="#sn608">608</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ergana</td> +<td><a href="#sn238">238</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Erg El Agrab</td> +<td><a href="#sn22">22</a>, <a href="#sn326">326</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Erg El Akrab</td> +<td><a href="#sn22">22</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Erg El Asda</td> +<td><a href="#sn111">111</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Erg El Bugr</td> +<td><a href="#sn692">692</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Erg El Dam</td> +<td><a href="#sn111">111</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Erg El Haggar</td> +<td><a href="#sn16">16</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Erg El Mehabba</td> +<td><a href="#sn38">38</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Erg El M’oterash</td> +<td><a href="#sn619">619</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Erg El Moya</td> +<td><a href="#sn657">657</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Erg El Nāl</td> +<td><a href="#sn207">207</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Erg El Nimr</td> +<td><a href="#sn682">682</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Erg El Saggat</td> +<td><a href="#sn426">426</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Erg El Shagat</td> +<td><a href="#sn657">657</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Erg el Tueirat</td> +<td><a href="#sn142">142</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Erg El Tundub</td> +<td><a href="#sn657">657</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Erg Habūb El Kheil</td> +<td><a href="#sn460">460</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Erra</td> +<td><a href="#sn163">163</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Eshūb</td> +<td><a href="#sn827">827</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Fagus</td> +<td><a href="#sn164">164</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Fakhah</td> +<td><a href="#sn111">111</a>, <a href="#sn685">685</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Faki Baladawaya</td> +<td><a href="#sn722">722</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Farah El Gumri</td> +<td><a href="#sn340">340</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Fareq</td> +<td><a href="#sn155">155</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Fartaga</td> +<td><a href="#sn291">291</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Faru</td> +<td><a href="#sn618">618</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Feraisha</td> +<td><a href="#sn320">320</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Feterita</td> +<td><a href="#sn855">855</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Figl</td> +<td><a href="#sn53">53</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Fiki Mostahi</td> +<td><a href="#sn855">855</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Fikki</td> +<td><a href="#sn41">41</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Filfil Ahmar</td> +<td><a href="#sn610">610</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Fiss El Kelb</td> +<td><a href="#sn106">106</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Fiss El Kelab</td> +<td><a href="#sn96">96</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Foqqesh</td> +<td><a href="#sn612">612</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Forgeyh</td> +<td><a href="#sn533">533</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ful</td> +<td><a href="#sn322">322</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ful Sudani</td> +<td><a href="#sn315">315</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gabbah</td> +<td><a href="#sn895">895</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gaddeim</td> +<td><a href="#sn199">199</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gaddum El Teital</td> +<td><a href="#sn855">855</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gafal</td> +<td><a href="#sn385">385</a>, <a href="#sn386">386</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gambil</td> +<td><a href="#sn599">599</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gameiz</td> +<td><a href="#sn352">352</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gandah</td> +<td><a href="#sn742">742</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ganna</td> +<td><a href="#sn925">925</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Garaa Aasali</td> +<td><a href="#sn174">174</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Garaa Kossa</td> +<td><a href="#sn164">164</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Garaa Stambuli</td> +<td><a href="#sn174">174</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Garad</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Garadaya</td> +<td><a href="#sn269">269</a>, <a href="#sn288">288</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Garawi</td> +<td><a href="#sn855">855</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gargadan<br> +(See also Karkadan.)</td> +<td><a href="#sn218">218</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Garguir</td> +<td><a href="#sn47">47</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gash El Fil</td> +<td><a href="#sn788">788</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gash El Nāl</td> +<td><a href="#sn886">886</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gassabi</td> +<td><a href="#sn855">855</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gatgat</td> +<td><a href="#sn544">544</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gatha</td> +<td><a href="#sn117">117</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gau</td> +<td><a href="#sn895">895</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gau Dumbelad</td> +<td><a href="#sn904">904</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gauumshara</td> +<td><a href="#sn895">895</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gereigdan<br> +(See also Gregdan.)</td> +<td><a href="#sn199">199</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gereidah</td> +<td><a href="#sn814">814</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gerfet El Dūd</td> +<td><a href="#sn288">288</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gesharingeik</td> +<td><a href="#sn332">332</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gharaz</td> +<td><a href="#sn841">841</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gharba</td> +<td><a href="#sn44">44</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ghareir</td> +<td><a href="#sn602">602</a>, <a href="#sn606">606</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ghubeish</td> +<td><a href="#sn107">107</a>, <a href="#sn224">224</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ghubeyra</td> +<td><a href="#sn543">543</a>, <a href="#sn602">602</a>, <a href= +"#sn624">624</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gibbein</td> +<td><a href="#sn608">608</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gid El Gutn</td> +<td><a href="#sn225">225</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gilban</td> +<td><a href="#sn324">324</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gimbil</td> +<td><a href="#sn599">599</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gishta</td> +<td><a href="#sn8">8</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gogheib</td> +<td><a href="#sn893">893</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gongoleis</td> +<td><a href="#sn212">212</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gonoih</td> +<td><a href="#sn229">229</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gregdan<br> +(See also Gereigdan.)</td> +<td><a href="#sn205">205</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gubein</td> +<td><a href="#sn608">608</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gueir</td> +<td><a href="#sn352">352</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gughan</td> +<td><a href="#sn417">417</a>, <a href="#sn418">418</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gugheib</td> +<td><a href="#sn893">893</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gula</td> +<td><a href="#sn370">370</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gulgul</td> +<td><a href="#sn698">698</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gulum</td> +<td><a href="#sn34">34</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gumali</td> +<td><a href="#sn19">19</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gungara</td> +<td><a href="#sn886">886</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gurdi</td> +<td><a href="#sn60">60</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gurdum</td> +<td><a href="#sn571">571</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Guta</td> +<td><a href="#sn608">608</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gutn Americani</td> +<td><a href="#sn227">227</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gutn Arabi</td> +<td><a href="#sn227">227</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gutn El Khala</td> +<td><a href="#sn225">225</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gutn Mumtaz</td> +<td><a href="#sn227">227</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gutub</td> +<td><a href="#sn225">225</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Habahan</td> +<td><a href="#sn797">797</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Habaq</td> +<td><a href="#sn649">649</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Habashkol</td> +<td><a href="#sn164">164</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Habat El Ain<br> +(See also Hab bita El Ain.)</td> +<td><a href="#sn269">269</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Habbas</td> +<td><a href="#sn286">286</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Habb El Meluk</td> +<td><a href="#sn241">241</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hab bita El Ain<br> +(See also Hab El Ain.)</td> +<td><a href="#sn286">286</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hab El Ain<br> +(See also Hab bita El Ain.)</td> +<td><a href="#sn269">269</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Habīl</td> +<td><a href="#sn191">191</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Habilarus</td> +<td><a href="#sn325">325</a>, <a href="#sn329">329</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Habil Er Rus</td> +<td><a href="#sn325">325</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Halfa</td> +<td><a href="#sn882">882</a>, <a href="#sn900">900</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Halleyu</td> +<td><a href="#sn440">440</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Haluk</td> +<td><a href="#sn657">657</a>, <a href="#sn658">658</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hamaisi</td> +<td><a href="#sn855">855</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hamareib</td> +<td><a href="#sn865">865</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hamerai</td> +<td><a href="#sn866">866</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hanbūk</td> +<td><a href="#sn218">218</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Handal</td> +<td><a href="#sn172">172</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hantud</td> +<td><a href="#sn618">618</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Har</td> +<td><a href="#sn77">77</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hara</td> +<td><a href="#sn77">77</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Harayrah</td> +<td><a href="#sn105">105</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Haraz</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hareish</td> +<td><a href="#sn84">84</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hargal</td> +<td><a href="#sn447">447</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Harhar</td> +<td><a href="#sn344">344</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Harr</td> +<td><a href="#sn562">562</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Harra</td> +<td><a href="#sn50">50</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Harrīsh</td> +<td><a href="#sn603">603</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Harsh</td> +<td><a href="#sn608">608</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hashab</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hashish</td> +<td><a href="#sn361">361</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hashish El Farras</td> +<td><a href="#sn513">513</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hebeibu</td> +<td><a href="#sn61">61</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hegarig</td> +<td><a href="#sn855">855</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Heglig</td> +<td><a href="#sn382">382</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hegiri</td> +<td><a href="#sn855">855</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Heilagūt</td> +<td><a href="#sn901">901</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hekkabit</td> +<td><a href="#sn34">34</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Helba</td> +<td><a href="#sn294">294</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Helew</td> +<td><a href="#sn877">877</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hemeira</td> +<td><a href="#sn901">901</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hemra</td> +<td><a href="#sn895">895</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Henna</td> +<td><a href="#sn131">131</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hereishah</td> +<td><a href="#sn269">269</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hersha</td> +<td><a href="#sn688">688</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Heskanit</td> +<td><a href="#sn886">886</a>, <a href="#sn887">887</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hinnat El Abilain</td> +<td><a href="#sn356">356</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hog El Fil</td> +<td><a href="#sn426">426</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Holagoya</td> +<td><a href="#sn901">901</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Homeid</td> +<td><a href="#sn402">402</a>, <a href="#sn404">404</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><span class="pagenum" id="Page_488">[488]</span>Homeira</td> +<td><a href="#sn212">212</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Homra</td> +<td><a href="#sn84">84</a>, <a href="#sn393">393</a>, <a href= +"#sn911">911</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Homraya</td> +<td><a href="#sn393">393</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hummus</td> +<td><a href="#sn321">321</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Humr</td> +<td><a href="#sn212">212</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hunbug</td> +<td><a href="#sn34">34</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hurhar</td> +<td><a href="#sn342">342</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hurua</td> +<td><a href="#sn255">255</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ibnu</td> +<td><a href="#sn258">258</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ideinat El Far</td> +<td><a href="#sn303">303</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Inderab</td> +<td><a href="#sn599">599</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Inderab Entaya</td> +<td><a href="#sn599">599</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Inderab Gimbil</td> +<td><a href="#sn599">599</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Irkis</td> +<td><a href="#sn37">37</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Jo</td> +<td><a href="#sn224">224</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Jukhan</td> +<td><a href="#sn417">417</a>, <a href="#sn418">418</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kadada</td> +<td><a href="#sn284">284</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kahali</td> +<td><a href="#sn607">607</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kakamūt</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kakwa</td> +<td><a href="#sn855">855</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kalto</td> +<td><a href="#sn368">368</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kamanga</td> +<td><a href="#sn361">361</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Karauerau</td> +<td><a href="#sn35">35</a>, <a href="#sn270">270</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Karb El Wadi</td> +<td><a href="#sn383">383</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Karkadan<br> +(See also Gargadan.)</td> +<td><a href="#sn36">36</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Karkade</td> +<td><a href="#sn224">224</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Karmudoda</td> +<td><a href="#sn466">466</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kasharingi</td> +<td><a href="#sn332">332</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kereira</td> +<td><a href="#sn602">602</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kereiwit El Ghurab</td> +<td><a href="#sn303">303</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Khantut</td> +<td><a href="#sn618">618</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kharaq El Bahr</td> +<td><a href="#sn547">547</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kharub</td> +<td><a href="#sn270">270</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kharūm</td> +<td><a href="#sn478">478</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kharuma</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Khashkhash</td> +<td><a href="#sn661">661</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Khashkhash Abiad</td> +<td><a href="#sn661">661</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Khashkhash Azrak</td> +<td><a href="#sn344">344</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Khashkhash el Sughur</td> +<td><a href="#sn344">344</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Khazan</td> +<td><a href="#sn756">756</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Khelisan</td> +<td><a href="#sn199">199</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Khiar</td> +<td><a href="#sn164">164</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Khiruwi</td> +<td><a href="#sn255">255</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Khubbeiza</td> +<td><a href="#sn214">214</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kilga</td> +<td><a href="#sn772">772</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kintara</td> +<td><a href="#sn577">577</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kirken</td> +<td><a href="#sn224">224</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kirkir</td> +<td><a href="#sn478">478</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kittir</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kol</td> +<td><a href="#sn306">306</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kolokass</td> +<td><a href="#sn744">744</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Koreib</td> +<td><a href="#sn887">887</a>, <a href="#sn912">912</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Koreish Battikh</td> +<td><a href="#sn172">172</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kowal</td> +<td><a href="#sn30">30</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kowoge</td> +<td><a href="#sn38">38</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kudur</td> +<td><a href="#sn156">156</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kūk</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kulam</td> +<td><a href="#sn221">221</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kulkul</td> +<td><a href="#sn270">270</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kunutal</td> +<td><a href="#sn221">221</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kurain</td> +<td><a href="#sn698">698</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kurdan</td> +<td><a href="#sn36">36</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kurkaban</td> +<td><a href="#sn229">229</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kurmut</td> +<td><a href="#sn37">37</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kurmut Sogheir</td> +<td><a href="#sn37">37</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kursan</td> +<td><a href="#sn35">35</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kushu-Kushu</td> +<td><a href="#sn722">722</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kutkat</td> +<td><a href="#sn543">543</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Labakh</td> +<td><a href="#sn288">288</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lablab Ahmar</td> +<td><a href="#sn105">105</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ladua</td> +<td><a href="#sn142">142</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Laghrab El Homar</td> +<td><a href="#sn855">855</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lalōb</td> +<td><a href="#sn382">382</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Laot</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lara</td> +<td><a href="#sn107">107</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lasakwa</td> +<td><a href="#sn243">243</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lassaf</td> +<td><a href="#sn34">34</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Layuk</td> +<td><a href="#sn280">280</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lebbek</td> +<td><a href="#sn288">288</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lebinga</td> +<td><a href="#sn258">258</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Leru</td> +<td><a href="#sn107">107</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Leyun</td> +<td><a href="#sn402">402</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Libbein</td> +<td><a href="#sn229">229</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Libbeyn</td> +<td><a href="#sn229">229</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Libbia</td> +<td><a href="#sn691">691</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lif</td> +<td><a href="#sn161">161</a>, <a href="#sn375">375</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Limoun Baladi</td> +<td><a href="#sn379">379</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Limoun Hindi</td> +<td><a href="#sn379">379</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Limoun Hellu</td> +<td><a href="#sn379">379</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lisan El Teir</td> +<td><a href="#sn30">30</a>, <a href="#sn106">106</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Luban</td> +<td><a href="#sn386">386</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lubbun</td> +<td><a href="#sn593">593</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lubia Afin</td> +<td><a href="#sn336">336</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lubia El Fil</td> +<td><a href="#sn331">331</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lubia Hamra</td> +<td><a href="#sn332">332</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lubia Hellu</td> +<td><a href="#sn333">333</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lubia Khadra</td> +<td><a href="#sn332">332</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lufa</td> +<td><a href="#sn161">161</a>, <a href="#sn375">375</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Luh</td> +<td><a href="#sn899">899</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lukh</td> +<td><a href="#sn899">899</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lulu</td> +<td><a href="#sn419">419</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Luseig</td> +<td><a href="#sn200">200</a>, <a href="#sn882">882</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lussaq</td> +<td><a href="#sn360">360</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lūtabelain</td> +<td><a href="#sn297">297</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Luweis</td> +<td><a href="#sn340">340</a>, <a href="#sn460">460</a>, <a href= +"#sn691">691</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mableben<br> +(See also Malbeina.)</td> +<td><a href="#sn229">229</a>, <a href="#sn460">460</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mahad</td> +<td><a href="#sn48">48</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mahagaya</td> +<td><a href="#sn258">258</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mahalab</td> +<td><a href="#sn689">689</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mahareib</td> +<td><a href="#sn865">865</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mahbab</td> +<td><a href="#sn684">684</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mai</td> +<td><a href="#sn39">39</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Makhshash El Rigal</td> +<td><a href="#sn218">218</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Malaita</td> +<td><a href="#sn579">579</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Malbeina</td> +<td><a href="#sn229">229</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Malbeina Hamra</td> +<td><a href="#sn229">229</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Malhi</td> +<td><a href="#sn861">861</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Malot</td> +<td><a href="#sn579">579</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mamleiha</td> +<td><a href="#sn913">913</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Managiga</td> +<td><a href="#sn225">225</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Maraira</td> +<td><a href="#sn865">865</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Marakh</td> +<td><a href="#sn460">460</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Marhabeib</td> +<td><a href="#sn865">865</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mari (Khasa)</td> +<td><a href="#sn38">38</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Masabigh</td> +<td><a href="#sn896">896</a>, <a href="#sn917">917</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mashika</td> +<td><a href="#sn669">669</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mashtura</td> +<td><a href="#sn662">662</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Meikah</td> +<td><a href="#sn366">366</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Merakh</td> +<td><a href="#sn460">460</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mesheit</td> +<td><a href="#sn756">756</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mideka</td> +<td><a href="#sn368">368</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mileiha</td> +<td><a href="#sn913">913</a>, <a href="#sn918">918</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mimligada</td> +<td><a href="#sn224">224</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Miremit</td> +<td><a href="#sn71">71</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mirmid</td> +<td><a href="#sn71">71</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mishka</td> +<td><a href="#sn467">467</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mistika</td> +<td><a href="#sn467">467</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Miswak</td> +<td><a href="#sn367">367</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mokheit</td> +<td><a href="#sn35">35</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Molokhia</td> +<td><a href="#sn202">202</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Morgan</td> +<td><a href="#sn612">612</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Morreya</td> +<td><a href="#sn695">695</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Muddeyd</td> +<td><a href="#sn57">57</a>, <a href="#sn142">142</a>, <a href= +"#sn624">624</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mudus</td> +<td><a href="#sn279">279</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mufrak El Rowair</td> +<td><a href="#sn30">30</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mughad</td> +<td><a href="#sn173">173</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mughreib</td> +<td><a href="#sn886">886</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mulley</td> +<td><a href="#sn101">101</a>, <a href="#sn628">628</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mulukhia</td> +<td><a href="#sn202">202</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Munderab</td> +<td><a href="#sn599">599</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Murdu</td> +<td><a href="#sn34">34</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Murmit</td> +<td><a href="#sn624">624</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Murraya</td> +<td><a href="#sn393">393</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mutrak</td> +<td><a href="#sn199">199</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Na’anaa</td> +<td><a href="#sn30">30</a>, <a href="#sn688">688</a>, <a href= +"#sn111">111</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nabak</td> +<td><a href="#sn372">372</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nabak El Fil</td> +<td><a href="#sn372">372</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nadawe</td> +<td><a href="#sn628">628</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nagīl</td> +<td><a href="#sn906">906</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nakhla</td> +<td><a href="#sn814">814</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nakhl El Faraun</td> +<td><a href="#sn815">815</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nakhshash El Dubban</td> +<td><a href="#sn528">528</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nāl</td> +<td><a href="#sn865">865</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Namnam</td> +<td><a href="#sn48">48</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nar El Assad</td> +<td><a href="#sn652">652</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nar El Fil</td> +<td><a href="#sn657">657</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Naring</td> +<td><a href="#sn379">379</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nawa</td> +<td><a href="#sn814">814</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nideiana</td> +<td><a href="#sn631">631</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nil Baladi</td> +<td><a href="#sn300">300</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nitaya</td> +<td><a href="#sn814">814</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nuarah</td> +<td><a href="#sn105">105</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nu’em</td> +<td><a href="#sn628">628</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nur El Assad</td> +<td><a href="#sn652">652</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nussa</td> +<td><a href="#sn895">895</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nussaq</td> +<td><a href="#sn360">360</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nuttash</td> +<td><a href="#sn291">291</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Obeish</td> +<td><a href="#sn190">190</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Orf Ed Dik</td> +<td><a href="#sn106">106</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Owarida</td> +<td><a href="#sn619">619</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Qortom</td> +<td><a href="#sn571">571</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Quta</td> +<td><a href="#sn608">608</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ra’afa</td> +<td><a href="#sn340">340</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ra’al</td> +<td><a href="#sn717">717</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><span class="pagenum" id="Page_489">[489]</span>Raba’a<br> +(See also Rab’ah, Rubaa’ and Rubai.)</td> +<td><a href="#sn81">81</a>, <a href="#sn86">86</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rab’ah<br> +(See also Raba’a.)</td> +<td><a href="#sn86">86</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rakab</td> +<td><a href="#sn687">687</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rashad</td> +<td><a href="#sn50">50</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rau Er Au</td> +<td><a href="#sn38">38</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Reshad El Bahr</td> +<td><a href="#sn51">51</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Reykha</td> +<td><a href="#sn77">77</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rhimta</td> +<td><a href="#sn602">602</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rigla</td> +<td><a href="#sn87">87</a>, <a href="#sn142">142</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rihan</td> +<td><a href="#sn30">30</a>, <a href="#sn513">513</a>, <a href= +"#sn543">543</a>, <a href="#sn544">544</a>, <a href= +"#sn701">701</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rimith</td> +<td><a href="#sn71">71</a>, <a href="#sn524">524</a>, <a href= +"#sn532">532</a>, <a href="#sn543">543</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rotab</td> +<td><a href="#sn814">814</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rotaro</td> +<td><a href="#sn385">385</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rubaa’<br> +(See also Raba’a).</td> +<td><a href="#sn84">84</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rubai</td> +<td><a href="#sn855">855</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rubbul</td> +<td><a href="#sn543">543</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rubeish</td> +<td><a href="#sn190">190</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rubl</td> +<td><a href="#sn298">298</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ruml</td> +<td><a href="#sn298">298</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rummān</td> +<td><a href="#sn132">132</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rutrut</td> +<td><a href="#sn385">385</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ruz</td> +<td><a href="#sn919">919</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ruz El Wadi</td> +<td><a href="#sn919">919</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Saad</td> +<td><a href="#sn827">827</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Saat</td> +<td><a href="#sn697">697</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sabarig</td> +<td><a href="#sn291">291</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sabungheyt</td> +<td><a href="#sn593">593</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Safeira</td> +<td><a href="#sn30">30</a>, <a href="#sn32">32</a>, <a href= +"#sn291">291</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Safeira El Bahr</td> +<td><a href="#sn68">68</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Safra</td> +<td><a href="#sn855">855</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Safra Kohia</td> +<td><a href="#sn855">855</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Safsaf<br> +(See also Sofsaf.)</td> +<td><a href="#sn349">349</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Saggar</td> +<td><a href="#sn42">42</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Saggat</td> +<td><a href="#sn62">62</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Saghlift</td> +<td><a href="#sn533">533</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sahaba</td> +<td><a href="#sn189">189</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sahai</td> +<td><a href="#sn35">35</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sakaran</td> +<td><a href="#sn612">612</a>, <a href="#sn614">614</a>, <a href= +"#sn615">615</a>, <a href="#sn663">663</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sala’alaa</td> +<td><a href="#sn375">375</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Salala</td> +<td><a href="#sn375">375</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Salgam</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sallam</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sam</td> +<td><a href="#sn370">370</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Samar Baladi</td> +<td><a href="#sn826">826</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Samr</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a>, <a href="#sn661">661</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sangala</td> +<td><a href="#sn882">882</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sanna</td> +<td><a href="#sn269">269</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sant</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sardol</td> +<td><a href="#sn352">352</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sareh</td> +<td><a href="#sn38">38</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sarha</td> +<td><a href="#sn38">38</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sayal</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sebakh</td> +<td><a href="#sn628">628</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Se’ed</td> +<td><a href="#sn827">827</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Segar</td> +<td><a href="#sn652">652</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Seid</td> +<td><a href="#sn826">826</a>, <a href="#sn827">827</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Seilag</td> +<td><a href="#sn189">189</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sena</td> +<td><a href="#sn306">306</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Senat</td> +<td><a href="#sn164">164</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Senat Ajur</td> +<td><a href="#sn164">164</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Senat Tibish</td> +<td><a href="#sn164">164</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Senna</td> +<td><a href="#sn269">269</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Senna El Kelb</td> +<td><a href="#sn269">269</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Senna El Rif</td> +<td><a href="#sn269">269</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Senna Mekka</td> +<td><a href="#sn269">269</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sereira</td> +<td><a href="#sn288">288</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sesaban</td> +<td><a href="#sn268">268</a>, <a href="#sn280">280</a>, <a href= +"#sn306">306</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sesifan</td> +<td><a href="#sn35">35</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Seyid</td> +<td><a href="#sn352">352</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sha’aluk</td> +<td><a href="#sn163">163</a>, <a href="#sn169">169</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shabat Ahmar</td> +<td><a href="#sn855">855</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sha’eret El Bahayam</td> +<td><a href="#sn82">82</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shagar El Dud</td> +<td><a href="#sn38">38</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shagar El Fas</td> +<td><a href="#sn286">286</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shagar El Fil<br> +(See also Shag El Fil.)</td> +<td><a href="#sn459">459</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shagar El Muz</td> +<td><a href="#sn801">801</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shagar El Sim</td> +<td><a href="#sn229">229</a>, <a href="#sn438">438</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shagar El Tin</td> +<td><a href="#sn352">352</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shagar El Zeraf</td> +<td><a href="#sn38">38</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shag El Fil<br> +(See also Shagar El Fil.)</td> +<td><a href="#sn440">440</a>, <a href="#sn619">619</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sh’aibeit</td> +<td><a href="#sn34">34</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shaiir</td> +<td><a href="#sn685">685</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shaliga</td> +<td><a href="#sn224">224</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shammam</td> +<td><a href="#sn164">164</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shandaha</td> +<td><a href="#sn765">765</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shandahat</td> +<td><a href="#sn765">765</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sharoba</td> +<td><a href="#sn34">34</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shatta</td> +<td><a href="#sn610">610</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shau</td> +<td><a href="#sn367">367</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sheheit</td> +<td><a href="#sn191">191</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sheher</td> +<td><a href="#sn619">619</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sheiba</td> +<td><a href="#sn104">104</a>, <a href="#sn107">107</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shekheit</td> +<td><a href="#sn191">191</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shelini</td> +<td><a href="#sn320">320</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shelsheleih</td> +<td><a href="#sn855">855</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shia</td> +<td><a href="#sn562">562</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shidr El Marfein</td> +<td><a href="#sn478">478</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shiltam</td> +<td><a href="#sn51">51</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shiltem</td> +<td><a href="#sn51">51</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shinemaq</td> +<td><a href="#sn142">142</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shirtem</td> +<td><a href="#sn51">51</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sholib</td> +<td><a href="#sn119">119</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shora</td> +<td><a href="#sn700">700</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shueika</td> +<td><a href="#sn669">669</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shuheit</td> +<td><a href="#sn191">191</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sibb El Ard</td> +<td><a href="#sn657">657</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sid</td> +<td><a href="#sn827">827</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Siddir</td> +<td><a href="#sn372">372</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sim</td> +<td><a href="#sn438">438</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sim ahmar</td> +<td><a href="#sn438">438</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Simeima</td> +<td><a href="#sn895">895</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Simein</td> +<td><a href="#sn478">478</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sim El Far</td> +<td><a href="#sn612">612</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Simsim</td> +<td><a href="#sn664">664</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Simsim Afrit</td> +<td><a href="#sn663">663</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sinein</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Singid</td> +<td><a href="#sn340">340</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sirh</td> +<td><a href="#sn38">38</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sirr El Ward</td> +<td><a href="#sn533">533</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Snut</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Soffar</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sofsaf<br> +(See also Safsaf.)</td> +<td><a href="#sn133">133</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sogheit</td> +<td><a href="#sn191">191</a>, <a href="#sn478">478</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Subahi</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Subakh</td> +<td><a href="#sn188">188</a>, <a href="#sn191">191</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Subakh Beida</td> +<td><a href="#sn191">191</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Subakh Soda</td> +<td><a href="#sn191">191</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Subaraya</td> +<td><a href="#sn188">188</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sumeima</td> +<td><a href="#sn397">397</a>, <a href="#sn895">895</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sunt</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sura</td> +<td><a href="#sn306">306</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Surep</td> +<td><a href="#sn303">303</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Surib</td> +<td><a href="#sn269">269</a>, <a href="#sn306">306</a>, <a href= +"#sn515">515</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Surraya</td> +<td><a href="#sn37">37</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Surrakh</td> +<td><a href="#sn38">38</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Surreih</td> +<td><a href="#sn37">37</a>, <a href="#sn38">38</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Suteib</td> +<td><a href="#sn15">15</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Suteih</td> +<td><a href="#sn202">202</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Suweid</td> +<td><a href="#sn661">661</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Taghal</td> +<td><a href="#sn42">42</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Takirni</td> +<td><a href="#sn288">288</a>, <a href="#sn478">478</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Taktak</td> +<td><a href="#sn385">385</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Taktaka</td> +<td><a href="#sn291">291</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Talha</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Talh Beid</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Talh Hamra</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tamaleika</td> +<td><a href="#sn31">31</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tamareib<br> +(See also Tambareib.)</td> +<td><a href="#sn188">188</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tambareib<br> +(See also Tamareib.)</td> +<td><a href="#sn270">270</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tamr</td> +<td><a href="#sn814">814</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tamr El Abid</td> +<td><a href="#sn163">163</a>, <a href="#sn199">199</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tamr El Far</td> +<td><a href="#sn130">130</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tamr El Ghanam</td> +<td><a href="#sn550">550</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tamr Hindi</td> +<td><a href="#sn275">275</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Taraktarak</td> +<td><a href="#sn385">385</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Taraya</td> +<td><a href="#sn343">343</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tarba<br> +(See also Terba.)</td> +<td><a href="#sn84">84</a>, <a href="#sn244">244</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tarfa</td> +<td><a href="#sn155">155</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tartar</td> +<td><a href="#sn210">210</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tartus</td> +<td><a href="#sn24">24</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tatamba</td> +<td><a href="#sn619">619</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tauri</td> +<td><a href="#sn306">306</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tawila</td> +<td><a href="#sn291">291</a>, <a href="#sn326">326</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tebeldi</td> +<td><a href="#sn212">212</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tebr</td> +<td><a href="#sn618">618</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Teitalib</td> +<td><a href="#sn865">865</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Telabun</td> +<td><a href="#sn911">911</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Teleh</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tentit</td> +<td><a href="#sn899">899</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Terba<br> +(See also Tarba.)</td> +<td><a href="#sn142">142</a>, <a href="#sn244">244</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tibn</td> +<td><a href="#sn919">919</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tibr</td> +<td><a href="#sn618">618</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Til</td> +<td><a href="#sn224">224</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tileitilla</td> +<td><a href="#sn35">35</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Timsahiya</td> +<td><a href="#sn90">90</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tirmis</td> +<td><a href="#sn292">292</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><span class="pagenum" id="Page_490">[490]</span>Tomatum</td> +<td><a href="#sn611">611</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Torfrid</td> +<td><a href="#sn619">619</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Toto</td> +<td><a href="#sn133">133</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tubbur</td> +<td><a href="#sn739">739</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tukku</td> +<td><a href="#sn199">199</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tumam</td> +<td><a href="#sn880">880</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tumareib</td> +<td><a href="#sn599">599</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tundub</td> +<td><a href="#sn34">34</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tura</td> +<td><a href="#sn497">497</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Turfas</td> +<td><a href="#sn657">657</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Turor</td> +<td><a href="#sn311">311</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ullaf</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ulleya</td> +<td><a href="#sn624">624</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Um Ankheit</td> +<td><a href="#sn291">291</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Um Asaba</td> +<td><a href="#sn908">908</a>, <a href="#sn912">912</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Um Asleila</td> +<td><a href="#sn895">895</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Um Atfeir</td> +<td><a href="#sn303">303</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Um Baru</td> +<td><a href="#sn218">218</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Um Begheil</td> +<td><a href="#sn676">676</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Um Berru</td> +<td><a href="#sn221">221</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Um Boru</td> +<td><a href="#sn218">218</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Um Bukheisa</td> +<td><a href="#sn33">33</a>, <a href="#sn426">426</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Umbur</td> +<td><a href="#sn218">218</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Um Dareiwa</td> +<td><a href="#sn722">722</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Umdi Gulgul</td> +<td><a href="#sn698">698</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Um Dileidman</td> +<td><a href="#sn240">240</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Um Galagel</td> +<td><a href="#sn22">22</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Um Galōt</td> +<td><a href="#sn721">721</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Um Gereisat</td> +<td><a href="#sn22">22</a>, <a href="#sn619">619</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Um Ghaleila</td> +<td><a href="#sn621">621</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Um Ghruf</td> +<td><a href="#sn854">854</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Um Girsh</td> +<td><a href="#sn288">288</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Um Habeiba</td> +<td><a href="#sn44">44</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Um Hagri</td> +<td><a href="#sn392">392</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Um Kalol</td> +<td><a href="#sn478">478</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Um Kasho</td> +<td><a href="#sn280">280</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Um Katshu</td> +<td><a href="#sn269">269</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Um Khalatot</td> +<td><a href="#sn199">199</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Um Kheit</td> +<td><a href="#sn35">35</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Um Khirr</td> +<td><a href="#sn873">873</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Um Kusm</td> +<td><a href="#sn757">757</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Um Lebeina</td> +<td><a href="#sn229">229</a>, <a href="#sn460">460</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Um Manakhir</td> +<td><a href="#sn602">602</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Um Mushbut</td> +<td><a href="#sn756">756</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Um Rashad</td> +<td><a href="#sn279">279</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Um Rehaun</td> +<td><a href="#sn513">513</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Um Saba</td> +<td><a href="#sn303">303</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Um Shalalo</td> +<td><a href="#sn478">478</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Um Shara</td> +<td><a href="#sn392">392</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Um Shebiti</td> +<td><a href="#sn919">919</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Um She’era</td> +<td><a href="#sn618">618</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Um Shiteih</td> +<td><a href="#sn202">202</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Um Shutur</td> +<td><a href="#sn662">662</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Um Shweika</td> +<td><a href="#sn161">161</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Um Sisi</td> +<td><a href="#sn352">352</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Um Subeiba</td> +<td><a href="#sn895">895</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Um Suf</td> +<td><a href="#sn844">844</a>, <a href="#sn877">877</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Um Sumain</td> +<td><a href="#sn191">191</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Um Suruj</td> +<td><a href="#sn402">402</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Um Takirni</td> +<td><a href="#sn288">288</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Um Teleih</td> +<td><a href="#sn210">210</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Um Tugg</td> +<td><a href="#sn825">825</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ushar</td> +<td><a href="#sn450">450</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Wadan El Far</td> +<td><a href="#sn340">340</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Wade</td> +<td><a href="#sn68">68</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Wad Masnab</td> +<td><a href="#sn855">855</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Wassi</td> +<td><a href="#sn161">161</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Weikah</td> +<td><a href="#sn224">224</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Weikat El Badeib</td> +<td><a href="#sn665">665</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Yabelayus</td> +<td><a href="#sn199">199</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Yau</td> +<td><a href="#sn478">478</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Yeir</td> +<td><a href="#sn163">163</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Yo</td> +<td><a href="#sn468">468</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Yoi</td> +<td><a href="#sn362">362</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Yo’oi</td> +<td><a href="#sn362">362</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Yusef effendi</td> +<td><a href="#sn379">379</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Za’af El Fil</td> +<td><a href="#sn757">757</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Za’an Sherab Elmi</td> +<td><a href="#sn460">460</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Zabata</td> +<td><a href="#sn814">814</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Zaghil</td> +<td><a href="#sn543">543</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Zan</td> +<td><a href="#sn329">329</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Zegai</td> +<td><a href="#sn19">19</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Zegain</td> +<td><a href="#sn19">19</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Zeitun</td> +<td><a href="#sn428">428</a>, <a href="#sn698">698</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Zerzereih</td> +<td><a href="#sn855">855</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Zinzilakh</td> +<td><a href="#sn390">390</a> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h3 class="bold"><a id="indhad"></a>HADENDOWA NAMES</h3> + +<table class="index" id="tindhad"> +<tr> +<td>Abutkula</td> +<td><a href="#sn224">224</a>, <a href="#sn771">771</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Agwait</td> +<td><a href="#sn460">460</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ambarki</td> +<td><a href="#sn269">269</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ankhau</td> +<td><a href="#sn229">229</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ariai</td> +<td><a href="#sn418">418</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ariap</td> +<td><a href="#sn418">418</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Arrad</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Balud</td> +<td><a href="#sn720">720</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Baras</td> +<td><a href="#sn450">450</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Basadem</td> +<td><a href="#sn720">720</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Batt</td> +<td><a href="#sn759">759</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Berba’a</td> +<td><a href="#sn30">30</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Berberan</td> +<td><a href="#sn30">30</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Brittein</td> +<td><a href="#sn176">176</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bullas</td> +<td><a href="#sn255">255</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dabalab</td> +<td><a href="#sn362">362</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dadd’a</td> +<td><a href="#sn428">428</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dahuab</td> +<td><a href="#sn756">756</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Daratniuwa</td> +<td><a href="#sn111">111</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Derbake</td> +<td><a href="#sn200">200</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Eigab</td> +<td><a href="#sn107">107</a>, <a href="#sn724">724</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Eil Hāsal</td> +<td><a href="#sn368">368</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Einwi</td> +<td><a href="#sn899">899</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Eirarib</td> +<td><a href="#sn154">154</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Fanteib</td> +<td><a href="#sn352">352</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gabāt</td> +<td><a href="#sn372">372</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Garrad</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gum</td> +<td><a href="#sn416">416</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hadanit</td> +<td><a href="#sn701">701</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hadembui</td> +<td><a href="#sn716">716</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hamadab</td> +<td><a href="#sn402">402</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hamashanak</td> +<td><a href="#sn608">608</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hamashindi</td> +<td><a href="#sn362">362</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hammadai</td> +<td><a href="#sn402">402</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Harfifoit</td> +<td><a href="#sn65">65</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Harnab</td> +<td><a href="#sn432">432</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hashuk</td> +<td><a href="#sn544">544</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Heid</td> +<td><a href="#sn229">229</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hendamalawe</td> +<td><a href="#sn427">427</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Humar</td> +<td><a href="#sn212">212</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hunsig</td> +<td><a href="#sn895">895</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hurgig</td> +<td><a href="#sn298">298</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kāhab</td> +<td><a href="#sn709">709</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kalando</td> +<td><a href="#sn758">758</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kaliah</td> +<td><a href="#sn709">709</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kamop</td> +<td><a href="#sn38">38</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kareib</td> +<td><a href="#sn464">464</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kāt-ut</td> +<td><a href="#sn375">375</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Keirani</td> +<td><a href="#sn524">524</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Koriāb</td> +<td><a href="#sn123">123</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kureit</td> +<td><a href="#sn887">887</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kwanab</td> +<td><a href="#sn569">569</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lahla</td> +<td><a href="#sn401">401</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lalai</td> +<td><a href="#sn401">401</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Magok</td> +<td><a href="#sn443">443</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Maniop</td> +<td><a href="#sn608">608</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mashab</td> +<td><a href="#sn889">889</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Meik</td> +<td><a href="#sn366">366</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Meika-is</td> +<td><a href="#sn612">612</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mūt</td> +<td><a href="#sn249">249</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nabbalam</td> +<td><a href="#sn718">718</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ogoi</td> +<td><a href="#sn267">267</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ogum</td> +<td><a href="#sn416">416</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Okrit</td> +<td><a href="#sn71">71</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Olei</td> +<td><a href="#sn532">532</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Orhan</td> +<td><a href="#sn701">701</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Osar</td> +<td><a href="#sn119">119</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ot-Hauk</td> +<td><a href="#sn678">678</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Saddām</td> +<td><a href="#sn714">714</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Samōp</td> +<td><a href="#sn401">401</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Samōt</td> +<td><a href="#sn401">401</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sangadd</td> +<td><a href="#sn300">300</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sanganē</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sanganeip</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sarop</td> +<td><a href="#sn34">34</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>’Sassud</td> +<td><a href="#sn382">382</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sēmok</td> +<td><a href="#sn352">352</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shaddeip</td> +<td><a href="#sn10">10</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shāf</td> +<td><a href="#sn191">191</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shaleib</td> +<td><a href="#sn38">38</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shashot</td> +<td><a href="#sn382">382</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sheishig</td> +<td><a href="#sn117">117</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shush</td> +<td><a href="#sn880">880</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tabar</td> +<td><a href="#sn618">618</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tagaba</td> +<td><a href="#sn372">372</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tattas</td> +<td><a href="#sn399">399</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tawar</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Telgin</td> +<td><a href="#sn68">68</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Termis</td> +<td><a href="#sn596">596</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tilt</td> +<td><a href="#sn352">352</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Timala</td> +<td><a href="#sn908">908</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tishanu</td> +<td><a href="#sn613">613</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tokshin</td> +<td><a href="#sn911">911</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tomut</td> +<td><a href="#sn199">199</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Torog</td> +<td><a href="#sn827">827</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Towai</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tumbat</td> +<td><a href="#sn757">757</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tumfar</td> +<td><a href="#sn895">895</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><span class="pagenum" id="Page_491">[491]</span>Waeila</td> +<td><a href="#sn895">895</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Wakerishaq</td> +<td><a href="#sn32">32</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Yam</td> +<td><a href="#sn37">37</a> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h3 class="bold"><a id="indras"></a>RASHIDA NAMES</h3> + +<table class="index" id="tindras"> +<tr> +<td>Agam</td> +<td><a href="#sn432">432</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ardiakh</td> +<td><a href="#sn887">887</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Arrad</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Asham</td> +<td><a href="#sn827">827</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dambotit</td> +<td><a href="#sn229">229</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Daro</td> +<td><a href="#sn189">189</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dosh</td> +<td><a href="#sn544">544</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Eilab</td> +<td><a href="#sn895">895</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Erka</td> +<td><a href="#sn899">899</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gamerōt</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Garrad</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Girgetti</td> +<td><a href="#sn362">362</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gutab</td> +<td><a href="#sn117">117</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Habaleko</td> +<td><a href="#sn774">774</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Haiferet</td> +<td><a href="#sn515">515</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hamalma</td> +<td><a href="#sn699">699</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hamiltob</td> +<td><a href="#sn370">370</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hedda</td> +<td><a href="#sn199">199</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Igla</td> +<td><a href="#sn911">911</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kassla</td> +<td><a href="#sn372">372</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Metowi</td> +<td><a href="#sn375">375</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Milmilo</td> +<td><a href="#sn427">427</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Riktuda</td> +<td><a href="#sn249">249</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rubel</td> +<td><a href="#sn524">524</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sakbē</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Samūnat</td> +<td><a href="#sn613">613</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sasa-dim</td> +<td><a href="#sn707">707</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Similul</td> +<td><a href="#sn895">895</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sita</td> +<td><a href="#sn71">71</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tahat</td> +<td><a href="#sn188">188</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tarob</td> +<td><a href="#sn191">191</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tashas</td> +<td><a href="#sn399">399</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Teimer</td> +<td><a href="#sn68">68</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Um Musēg</td> +<td><a href="#sn532">532</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Wagri</td> +<td><a href="#sn428">428</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Zeibug</td> +<td><a href="#sn32">32</a> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h3 class="bold"><a id="indnub"></a>NUBA NAMES</h3> + +<table class="index" id="tindnub"> +<tr> +<td>Abelainy</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>All’a</td> +<td><a href="#sn269">269</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Amurte</td> +<td><a href="#sn819">819</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Anaba</td> +<td><a href="#sn370">370</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ando</td> +<td><a href="#sn819">819</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Anjera</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Aruing</td> +<td><a href="#sn199">199</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ashāshi</td> +<td><a href="#sn269">269</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ashāshini</td> +<td><a href="#sn269">269</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Atete</td> +<td><a href="#sn375">375</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Auri</td> +<td><a href="#sn229">229</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Barto</td> +<td><a href="#sn284">284</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bāsigsi</td> +<td><a href="#sn270">270</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bokarak</td> +<td><a href="#sn210">210</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Boluki</td> +<td><a href="#sn331">331</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bombor</td> +<td><a href="#sn255">255</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Buggultyen</td> +<td><a href="#sn239">239</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Burtūt</td> +<td><a href="#sn906">906</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bururu</td> +<td><a href="#sn33">33</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Butnieid</td> +<td><a href="#sn218">218</a>, <a href="#sn224">224</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Chuwei</td> +<td><a href="#sn7">7</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dā</td> +<td><a href="#sn616">616</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dagarag</td> +<td><a href="#sn438">438</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Daggāt</td> +<td><a href="#sn818">818</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dahkikak</td> +<td><a href="#sn414">414</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Danufi</td> +<td><a href="#sn275">275</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dillum</td> +<td><a href="#sn368">368</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Doeiri</td> +<td><a href="#sn218">218</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Doghing</td> +<td><a href="#sn38">38</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dombelabai</td> +<td><a href="#sn258">258</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dullam</td> +<td><a href="#sn352">352</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dungur</td> +<td><a href="#sn368">368</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Eibelainy</td> +<td><a href="#sn288">288</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Eigera</td> +<td><a href="#sn199">199</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Eilukwaten</td> +<td><a href="#sn111">111</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Eirāl</td> +<td><a href="#sn258">258</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Embeilu</td> +<td><a href="#sn689">689</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Fak</td> +<td><a href="#sn212">212</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Fataa</td> +<td><a href="#sn352">352</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Feider</td> +<td><a href="#sn210">210</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Forwek</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Furfurruk</td> +<td><a href="#sn377">377</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gaggiam</td> +<td><a href="#sn818">818</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Garad</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Giāt</td> +<td><a href="#sn818">818</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gillia</td> +<td><a href="#sn757">757</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hada</td> +<td><a href="#sn385">385</a>, <a href="#sn386">386</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Heimor</td> +<td><a href="#sn210">210</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Haggiarn</td> +<td><a href="#sn191">191</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Horuri</td> +<td><a href="#sn392">392</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Imgeil</td> +<td><a href="#sn229">229</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Imgyen</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Indenu</td> +<td><a href="#sn404">404</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Indyeik</td> +<td><a href="#sn352">352</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ingyil</td> +<td><a href="#sn370">370</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Jagia</td> +<td><a href="#sn229">229</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kadawdo</td> +<td><a href="#sn270">270</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kailkail</td> +<td><a href="#sn306">306</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kaitelang</td> +<td><a href="#sn269">269</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kalialmo</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kamre</td> +<td><a href="#sn34">34</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kandia</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kandimuwindi</td> +<td><a href="#sn722">722</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kangaru</td> +<td><a href="#sn352">352</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kari</td> +<td><a href="#sn220">220</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kariai</td> +<td><a href="#sn819">819</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Karii</td> +<td><a href="#sn199">199</a>, <a href="#sn661">661</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Karso</td> +<td><a href="#sn191">191</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kateing</td> +<td><a href="#sn8">8</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kaurdak</td> +<td><a href="#sn352">352</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kaurok</td> +<td><a href="#sn450">450</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kawkawl</td> +<td><a href="#sn22">22</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kāwtāw</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kentii</td> +<td><a href="#sn306">306</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kētīer</td> +<td><a href="#sn284">284</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kharif</td> +<td><a href="#sn388">388</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kindal</td> +<td><a href="#sn199">199</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kindamoi</td> +<td><a href="#sn205">205</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kirbi</td> +<td><a href="#sn386">386</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kirīd</td> +<td><a href="#sn189">189</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kirkongaw</td> +<td><a href="#sn270">270</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kishawiyi</td> +<td><a href="#sn212">212</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Klieh</td> +<td><a href="#sn33">33</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kluruf</td> +<td><a href="#sn698">698</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kōi</td> +<td><a href="#sn404">404</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kokoro</td> +<td><a href="#sn224">224</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kolwakai</td> +<td><a href="#sn35">35</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Koptunindeir</td> +<td><a href="#sn722">722</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Korak</td> +<td><a href="#sn382">382</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kotundurak</td> +<td><a href="#sn413">413</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kotwang</td> +<td><a href="#sn188">188</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kuam</td> +<td><a href="#sn199">199</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kuashi</td> +<td><a href="#sn275">275</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kubdi</td> +<td><a href="#sn34">34</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kubuy</td> +<td><a href="#sn270">270</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kuguli</td> +<td><a href="#sn599">599</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kui</td> +<td><a href="#sn190">190</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kuii</td> +<td><a href="#sn599">599</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kulowi</td> +<td><a href="#sn210">210</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kuluwei</td> +<td><a href="#sn402">402</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kung</td> +<td><a href="#sn342">342</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kuri</td> +<td><a href="#sn382">382</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kurinyil</td> +<td><a href="#sn397">397</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kuruwang</td> +<td><a href="#sn352">352</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kuruwi</td> +<td><a href="#sn497">497</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kusi</td> +<td><a href="#sn191">191</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kussi</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kwae</td> +<td><a href="#sn191">191</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kwaii</td> +<td><a href="#sn372">372</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kwakelang</td> +<td><a href="#sn599">599</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kwar</td> +<td><a href="#sn284">284</a>, <a href="#sn418">418</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kwarnyāl</td> +<td><a href="#sn701">701</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kweinde</td> +<td><a href="#sn224">224</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kweile</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kweyi</td> +<td><a href="#sn352">352</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lagi</td> +<td><a href="#sn385">385</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lambūri</td> +<td><a href="#sn450">450</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Levii</td> +<td><a href="#sn364">364</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Luæ</td> +<td><a href="#sn618">618</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Luī</td> +<td><a href="#sn199">199</a>, <a href="#sn925">925</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ma</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Madimu</td> +<td><a href="#sn698">698</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Magal</td> +<td><a href="#sn480">480</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Main</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Maintu</td> +<td><a href="#sn478">478</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mansallo</td> +<td><a href="#sn212">212</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Marte</td> +<td><a href="#sn191">191</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>M’bra</td> +<td><a href="#sn188">188</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Me</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Meirten</td> +<td><a href="#sn362">362</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Meremeret</td> +<td><a href="#sn397">397</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mindigīri</td> +<td><a href="#sn191">191</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Minkigili</td> +<td><a href="#sn288">288</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Muarta</td> +<td><a href="#sn34">34</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Munli</td> +<td><a href="#sn818">818</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nagan</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Najikar</td> +<td><a href="#sn226">226</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Naliak</td> +<td><a href="#sn757">757</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nalti</td> +<td><a href="#sn368">368</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Narura</td> +<td><a href="#sn758">758</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Narurai</td> +<td><a href="#sn438">438</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>N’darabwa</td> +<td><a href="#sn413">413</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>N’daru</td> +<td><a href="#sn191">191</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>N’dmusso</td> +<td><a href="#sn382">382</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><span class="pagenum" id="Page_492">[492]</span>N’dula</td> +<td><a href="#sn661">661</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>N’guhin</td> +<td><a href="#sn352">352</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>N’gwani</td> +<td><a href="#sn352">352</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nihing</td> +<td><a href="#sn352">352</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nimardak</td> +<td><a href="#sn240">240</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ogūn</td> +<td><a href="#sn450">450</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ora</td> +<td><a href="#sn212">212</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Orbol</td> +<td><a href="#sn288">288</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Orūm</td> +<td><a href="#sn342">342</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Pankaja</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Pwa</td> +<td><a href="#sn255">255</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rīs</td> +<td><a href="#sn229">229</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rrek</td> +<td><a href="#sn352">352</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rruk</td> +<td><a href="#sn757">757</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rūt</td> +<td><a href="#sn478">478</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shaleih</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shaleih-Wiwi</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shangye</td> +<td><a href="#sn430">430</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sheiala</td> +<td><a href="#sn352">352</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shekere</td> +<td><a href="#sn275">275</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shimeil</td> +<td><a href="#sn34">34</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shireih</td> +<td><a href="#sn865">865</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shirgi</td> +<td><a href="#sn189">189</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shūm</td> +<td><a href="#sn418">418</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shumti</td> +<td><a href="#sn329">329</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sirtu</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Suk</td> +<td><a href="#sn288">288</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sukosuko</td> +<td><a href="#sn663">663</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tal</td> +<td><a href="#sn352">352</a>, <a href="#sn925">925</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tambui</td> +<td><a href="#sn331">331</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tamuru</td> +<td><a href="#sn189">189</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tarme</td> +<td><a href="#sn614">614</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tarwara</td> +<td><a href="#sn270">270</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Teide</td> +<td><a href="#sn515">515</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Teili</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Teterling</td> +<td><a href="#sn661">661</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tidogi</td> +<td><a href="#sn698">698</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Timla</td> +<td><a href="#sn662">662</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Timleirruk</td> +<td><a href="#sn497">497</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tindure</td> +<td><a href="#sn368">368</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tingāligāli</td> +<td><a href="#sn352">352</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tingra</td> +<td><a href="#sn372">372</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tintukuki</td> +<td><a href="#sn426">426</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tinturing</td> +<td><a href="#sn478">478</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tira</td> +<td><a href="#sn382">382</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tirigo</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tirling</td> +<td><a href="#sn35">35</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tittawyi</td> +<td><a href="#sn372">372</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tuberli</td> +<td><a href="#sn212">212</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tudu</td> +<td><a href="#sn618">618</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tùlung</td> +<td><a href="#sn397">397</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tumbu</td> +<td><a href="#sn38">38</a>, <a href="#sn199">199</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tumu</td> +<td><a href="#sn438">438</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tūr</td> +<td><a href="#sn697">697</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tūt</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ubūn</td> +<td><a href="#sn450">450</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ulgyin</td> +<td><a href="#sn375">375</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Umdamun</td> +<td><a href="#sn478">478</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ungus</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Urād</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Urūm</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Zān</td> +<td><a href="#sn599">599</a> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h3 class="bold"><a id="inddin"></a>DINKA NAMES</h3> + +<table class="index" id="tinddin"> +<tr> +<td>Abangiur</td> +<td><a href="#sn375">375</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Abban</td> +<td><a href="#sn34">34</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Addit</td> +<td><a href="#sn311">311</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Adelfur</td> +<td><a href="#sn693">693</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Adīt</td> +<td><a href="#sn311">311</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Adong</td> +<td><a href="#sn480">480</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Afat</td> +<td><a href="#sn618">618</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Afiat<br> +(See also Apiat.)</td> +<td><a href="#sn38">38</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Afinin</td> +<td><a href="#sn432">432</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Afor</td> +<td><a href="#sn199">199</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Afwār</td> +<td><a href="#sn199">199</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Agadiang</td> +<td><a href="#sn256">256</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Aganama</td> +<td><a href="#sn602">602</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Aghei</td> +<td><a href="#sn478">478</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Agowyak-Wyak</td> +<td><a href="#sn367">367</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ajoak</td> +<td><a href="#sn873">873</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Akaki</td> +<td><a href="#sn31">31</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Akam</td> +<td><a href="#sn877">877</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Akamil</td> +<td><a href="#sn404">404</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Akia</td> +<td><a href="#sn30">30</a>, <a href="#sn297">297</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Akieira</td> +<td><a href="#sn515">515</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Akiul</td> +<td><a href="#sn367">367</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Akog</td> +<td><a href="#sn599">599</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Akoit</td> +<td><a href="#sn599">599</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Akon</td> +<td><a href="#sn279">279</a>, <a href="#sn461">461</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Akosh</td> +<td><a href="#sn599">599</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Akuwat</td> +<td><a href="#sn362">362</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Alabu</td> +<td><a href="#sn919">919</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Alas</td> +<td><a href="#sn227">227</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Aldukoi</td> +<td><a href="#sn148">148</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Allok</td> +<td><a href="#sn882">882</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Allwi</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Alonkoy</td> +<td><a href="#sn401">401</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Alume</td> +<td><a href="#sn684">684</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Amagak</td> +<td><a href="#sn579">579</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ammal</td> +<td><a href="#sn105">105</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ammet</td> +<td><a href="#sn189">189</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Anan</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Aneit</td> +<td><a href="#sn37">37</a>, <a href="#sn38">38</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Angoto</td> +<td><a href="#sn468">468</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Anyain</td> +<td><a href="#sn61">61</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Apet</td> +<td><a href="#sn164">164</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Apiat</td> +<td><a href="#sn230">230</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Apinrot</td> +<td><a href="#sn8">8</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Apor</td> +<td><a href="#sn199">199</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Areng</td> +<td><a href="#sn375">375</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Arnīk</td> +<td><a href="#sn375">375</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Arur</td> +<td><a href="#sn892">892</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ashenon</td> +<td><a href="#sn460">460</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ashwal</td> +<td><a href="#sn367">367</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ashwel</td> +<td><a href="#sn367">367</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Atendit</td> +<td><a href="#sn199">199</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Atīl</td> +<td><a href="#sn669">669</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Atitāk</td> +<td><a href="#sn608">608</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Atīydok</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ban</td> +<td><a href="#sn34">34</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Belin</td> +<td><a href="#sn274">274</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bende</td> +<td><a href="#sn288">288</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bī</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bindi</td> +<td><a href="#sn283">283</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Birr</td> +<td><a href="#sn435">435</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Biut</td> +<td><a href="#sn33">33</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bol</td> +<td><a href="#sn229">229</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Borid</td> +<td><a href="#sn34">34</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bual</td> +<td><a href="#sn229">229</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bulakolin</td> +<td><a href="#sn375">375</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>But</td> +<td><a href="#sn37">37</a>, <a href="#sn756">756</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Chiandak</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Chiandok</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Chuwalageir</td> +<td><a href="#sn135">135</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dai</td> +<td><a href="#sn652">652</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Daritar</td> +<td><a href="#sn381">381</a>, <a href="#sn470">470</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Daung</td> +<td><a href="#sn480">480</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Diagne</td> +<td><a href="#sn291">291</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Digdig</td> +<td><a href="#sn343">343</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ditaak</td> +<td><a href="#sn608">608</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dong</td> +<td><a href="#sn480">480</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dungwol</td> +<td><a href="#sn212">212</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Donjijuak</td> +<td><a href="#sn348">348</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dunk</td> +<td><a href="#sn480">480</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Erianga</td> +<td><a href="#sn272">272</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Errit</td> +<td><a href="#sn342">342</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Fiit</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Fiok</td> +<td><a href="#sn188">188</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Fog</td> +<td><a href="#sn35">35</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Fomah</td> +<td><a href="#sn224">224</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gadiang</td> +<td><a href="#sn256">256</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Galanva</td> +<td><a href="#sn515">515</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Getaki</td> +<td><a href="#sn81">81</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ghanem</td> +<td><a href="#sn244">244</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gniōr</td> +<td><a href="#sn229">229</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Goak</td> +<td><a href="#sn191">191</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Godobo</td> +<td><a href="#sn396">396</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Grename</td> +<td><a href="#sn326">326</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gudi</td> +<td><a href="#sn276">276</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gunkeit</td> +<td><a href="#sn199">199</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hrerva</td> +<td><a href="#sn550">550</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Jier</td> +<td><a href="#sn282">282</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kai</td> +<td><a href="#sn33">33</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kait</td> +<td><a href="#sn33">33</a>, <a href="#sn599">599</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kam</td> +<td><a href="#sn877">877</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kara</td> +<td><a href="#sn618">618</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kat</td> +<td><a href="#sn33">33</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kem</td> +<td><a href="#sn199">199</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ki</td> +<td><a href="#sn284">284</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kiar</td> +<td><a href="#sn269">269</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kiat</td> +<td><a href="#sn599">599</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kīr</td> +<td><a href="#sn284">284</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kit</td> +<td><a href="#sn33">33</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kiungwan</td> +<td><a href="#sn369">369</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Knār</td> +<td><a href="#sn459">459</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Koba</td> +<td><a href="#sn272">272</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kog</td> +<td><a href="#sn33">33</a>, <a href="#sn37">37</a>, <a href= +"#sn287">287</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Konaiyer</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kongoggoi</td> +<td><a href="#sn661">661</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Konink</td> +<td><a href="#sn698">698</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Konyai</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kuru</td> +<td><a href="#sn278">278</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kuum</td> +<td><a href="#sn479">479</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kwel</td> +<td><a href="#sn352">352</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kwuil</td> +<td><a href="#sn367">367</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lag</td> +<td><a href="#sn352">352</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lakshuai</td> +<td><a href="#sn61">61</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lānf</td> +<td><a href="#sn372">372</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><span class="pagenum" id="Page_493">[493]</span>Lang</td> +<td><a href="#sn372">372</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lant</td> +<td><a href="#sn372">372</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lefir</td> +<td><a href="#sn22">22</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Linga</td> +<td><a href="#sn188">188</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lo</td> +<td><a href="#sn300">300</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lom</td> +<td><a href="#sn86">86</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lublub</td> +<td><a href="#sn199">199</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lung</td> +<td><a href="#sn133">133</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Madiab-diab</td> +<td><a href="#sn257">257</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mana</td> +<td><a href="#sn430">430</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Melat</td> +<td><a href="#sn368">368</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mella</td> +<td><a href="#sn181">181</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Milloa</td> +<td><a href="#sn288">288</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nagap</td> +<td><a href="#sn352">352</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Narah</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Neit</td> +<td><a href="#sn37">37</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>N’gab</td> +<td><a href="#sn352">352</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nguassa</td> +<td><a href="#sn283">283</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nianlalwel</td> +<td><a href="#sn420">420</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Niat</td> +<td><a href="#sn819">819</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Niok</td> +<td><a href="#sn781">781</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nua</td> +<td><a href="#sn901">901</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nūr</td> +<td><a href="#sn865">865</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Odiloh</td> +<td><a href="#sn430">430</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Pai</td> +<td><a href="#sn270">270</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Pait</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Paj</td> +<td><a href="#sn270">270</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Phuk</td> +<td><a href="#sn188">188</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Phut</td> +<td><a href="#sn394">394</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Poik</td> +<td><a href="#sn394">394</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rak</td> +<td><a href="#sn419">419</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ratt</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rāwar</td> +<td><a href="#sn662">662</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Red</td> +<td><a href="#sn342">342</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rēt</td> +<td><a href="#sn342">342</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Riang</td> +<td><a href="#sn273">273</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Riat</td> +<td><a href="#sn34">34</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rīt</td> +<td><a href="#sn342">342</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rur</td> +<td><a href="#sn892">892</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ruwāl</td> +<td><a href="#sn662">662</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shanda</td> +<td><a href="#sn274">274</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shat</td> +<td><a href="#sn599">599</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shat-Akog</td> +<td><a href="#sn599">599</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shīr</td> +<td><a href="#sn284">284</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shom</td> +<td><a href="#sn417">417</a>, <a href="#sn418">418</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Showi</td> +<td><a href="#sn275">275</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shwai</td> +<td><a href="#sn275">275</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shwayai</td> +<td><a href="#sn275">275</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Siap</td> +<td><a href="#sn288">288</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Taam</td> +<td><a href="#sn819">819</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tab</td> +<td><a href="#sn616">616</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tabbo</td> +<td><a href="#sn616">616</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tanga</td> +<td><a href="#sn178">178</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tar</td> +<td><a href="#sn757">757</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tau</td> +<td><a href="#sn382">382</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tchuwoi</td> +<td><a href="#sn275">275</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Teb</td> +<td><a href="#sn142">142</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tep</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Thiepagok<br> +(See also Tipagok.)</td> +<td><a href="#sn278">278</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Til</td> +<td><a href="#sn669">669</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Till</td> +<td><a href="#sn685">685</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tip</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tīpagok<br> +(See also Thiepagok.)</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tit</td> +<td><a href="#sn393">393</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tonyangwi</td> +<td><a href="#sn794">794</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tu</td> +<td><a href="#sn382">382</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tuk</td> +<td><a href="#sn818">818</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Wor</td> +<td><a href="#sn311">311</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Wuliado</td> +<td><a href="#sn661">661</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Yolovan</td> +<td><a href="#sn908">908</a> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h3 class="bold"><a id="indjur"></a>JUR NAMES</h3> + +<table class="index" id="tindjur"> +<tr> +<td>Abdalour</td> +<td><a href="#sn164">164</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Adit</td> +<td><a href="#sn352">352</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Adot</td> +<td><a href="#sn352">352</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Adwang</td> +<td><a href="#sn480">480</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Akalakwala</td> +<td><a href="#sn148">148</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Akan</td> +<td><a href="#sn236">236</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Akanja</td> +<td><a href="#sn480">480</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Akatagan</td> +<td><a href="#sn288">288</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Akit</td> +<td><a href="#sn147">147</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Aknalkuala</td> +<td><a href="#sn401">401</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Akos</td> +<td><a href="#sn381">381</a>, <a href="#sn470">470</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Akuti</td> +<td><a href="#sn276">276</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Alema</td> +<td><a href="#sn368">368</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Amau</td> +<td><a href="#sn370">370</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ambalu</td> +<td><a href="#sn8">8</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Apwamah</td> +<td><a href="#sn430">430</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Aray</td> +<td><a href="#sn35">35</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ariengo</td> +<td><a href="#sn329">329</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Atilob</td> +<td><a href="#sn430">430</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bei</td> +<td><a href="#sn273">273</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Biama</td> +<td><a href="#sn468">468</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bindi</td> +<td><a href="#sn283">283</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Birkwa</td> +<td><a href="#sn478">478</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Denya</td> +<td><a href="#sn420">420</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dera</td> +<td><a href="#sn191">191</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Digdig</td> +<td><a href="#sn343">343</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Fiok</td> +<td><a href="#sn188">188</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gari</td> +<td><a href="#sn352">352</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kadol</td> +<td><a href="#sn282">282</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kamutwen</td> +<td><a href="#sn794">794</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Koba</td> +<td><a href="#sn272">272</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kolu</td> +<td><a href="#sn278">278</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kudul</td> +<td><a href="#sn156">156</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kula</td> +<td><a href="#sn182">182</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kuloh</td> +<td><a href="#sn182">182</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kwaya</td> +<td><a href="#sn352">352</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nianlalwel</td> +<td><a href="#sn420">420</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nwana</td> +<td><a href="#sn279">279</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Okil</td> +<td><a href="#sn269">269</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Paj</td> +<td><a href="#sn270">270</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Payo</td> +<td><a href="#sn352">352</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Phut</td> +<td><a href="#sn394">394</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Poh</td> +<td><a href="#sn188">188</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rak</td> +<td><a href="#sn419">419</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rīt</td> +<td><a href="#sn342">342</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shanda</td> +<td><a href="#sn274">274</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Showi</td> +<td><a href="#sn275">275</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tanga</td> +<td><a href="#sn178">178</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tau</td> +<td><a href="#sn382">382</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tido</td> +<td><a href="#sn393">393</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tiro</td> +<td><a href="#sn393">393</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Toi</td> +<td><a href="#sn757">757</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Toiro</td> +<td><a href="#sn757">757</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tuk</td> +<td><a href="#sn818">818</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ungono</td> +<td><a href="#sn34">34</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Winga</td> +<td><a href="#sn4">4</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Yalah</td> +<td><a href="#sn698">698</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Yau</td> +<td><a href="#sn419">419</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Yiad</td> +<td><a href="#sn375">375</a> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h3 class="bold"><a id="indgol"></a>GOLO NAMES</h3> + +<table class="index" id="tindgol"> +<tr> +<td>Abro</td> +<td><a href="#sn36">36</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Agua</td> +<td><a href="#sn182">182</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Agud</td> +<td><a href="#sn182">182</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Akka</td> +<td><a href="#sn272">272</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Aklimbo</td> +<td><a href="#sn480">480</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Alimu</td> +<td><a href="#sn368">368</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Arub</td> +<td><a href="#sn275">275</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Atoka</td> +<td><a href="#sn35">35</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Attab</td> +<td><a href="#sn789">789</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Baa</td> +<td><a href="#sn419">419</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bafi</td> +<td><a href="#sn8">8</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bak</td> +<td><a href="#sn419">419</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bakango</td> +<td><a href="#sn284">284</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bak-Bele</td> +<td><a href="#sn38">38</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bamburti</td> +<td><a href="#sn199">199</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bangi</td> +<td><a href="#sn278">278</a>, <a href="#sn435">435</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bei</td> +<td><a href="#sn278">278</a>, <a href="#sn420">420</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bejugolo</td> +<td><a href="#sn5">5</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bekili</td> +<td><a href="#sn288">288</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bele</td> +<td><a href="#sn393">393</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bembu</td> +<td><a href="#sn191">191</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bende</td> +<td><a href="#sn288">288</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bī</td> +<td><a href="#sn420">420</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bih</td> +<td><a href="#sn430">430</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bili</td> +<td><a href="#sn381">381</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Binda</td> +<td><a href="#sn274">274</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Biri</td> +<td><a href="#sn288">288</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bishi</td> +<td><a href="#sn283">283</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bokango</td> +<td><a href="#sn342">342</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Boli</td> +<td><a href="#sn348">348</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bologu</td> +<td><a href="#sn426">426</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Boyeh</td> +<td><a href="#sn269">269</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bu</td> +<td><a href="#sn274">274</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bururu</td> +<td><a href="#sn139">139</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Butrungu</td> +<td><a href="#sn515">515</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Chii</td> +<td><a href="#sn480">480</a>, <a href="#sn756">756</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Chinya</td> +<td><a href="#sn348">348</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Choko</td> +<td><a href="#sn661">661</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Chumu</td> +<td><a href="#sn418">418</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Da</td> +<td><a href="#sn210">210</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dalade</td> +<td><a href="#sn756">756</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dalanze</td> +<td><a href="#sn818">818</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dele</td> +<td><a href="#sn375">375</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dere</td> +<td><a href="#sn20">20</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dileh</td> +<td><a href="#sn756">756</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Du</td> +<td><a href="#sn8">8</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dungdung</td> +<td><a href="#sn404">404</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dungo</td> +<td><a href="#sn430">430</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ebanos</td> +<td><a href="#sn342">342</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Euwi</td> +<td><a href="#sn199">199</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Fiawe</td> +<td><a href="#sn188">188</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Fungu</td> +<td><a href="#sn352">352</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><span class="pagenum" id="Page_494">[494]</span>Gafa</td> +<td><a href="#sn662">662</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gafele</td> +<td><a href="#sn269">269</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gana</td> +<td><a href="#sn343">343</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gara</td> +<td><a href="#sn236">236</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gasse</td> +<td><a href="#sn352">352</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gumberti</td> +<td><a href="#sn394">394</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gumboto</td> +<td><a href="#sn362">362</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Iji</td> +<td><a href="#sn282">282</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Inji</td> +<td><a href="#sn282">282</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Inzi</td> +<td><a href="#sn230">230</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Irdoko</td> +<td><a href="#sn420">420</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ivi</td> +<td><a href="#sn430">430</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Jekoro</td> +<td><a href="#sn336">336</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ji</td> +<td><a href="#sn282">282</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ka</td> +<td><a href="#sn272">272</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kandi</td> +<td><a href="#sn210">210</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kela</td> +<td><a href="#sn352">352</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Klanda</td> +<td><a href="#sn402">402</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kofo</td> +<td><a href="#sn279">279</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Koh</td> +<td><a href="#sn431">431</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Korongo</td> +<td><a href="#sn182">182</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Koropongo</td> +<td><a href="#sn238">238</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Krupu</td> +<td><a href="#sn368">368</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kuvu</td> +<td><a href="#sn352">352</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kwange</td> +<td><a href="#sn236">236</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kwiella</td> +<td><a href="#sn270">270</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Langabo</td> +<td><a href="#sn787">787</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Loigo</td> +<td><a href="#sn276">276</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Loyo</td> +<td><a href="#sn276">276</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lu</td> +<td><a href="#sn279">279</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mana</td> +<td><a href="#sn191">191</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Manga-manga</td> +<td><a href="#sn34">34</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>M’ba</td> +<td><a href="#sn189">189</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>M’banda</td> +<td><a href="#sn5">5</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>M’banga</td> +<td><a href="#sn346">346</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>M’base</td> +<td><a href="#sn286">286</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>M’bili</td> +<td><a href="#sn381">381</a>, <a href="#sn470">470</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>M’bolo</td> +<td><a href="#sn276">276</a>, <a href="#sn343">343</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>M’bosso</td> +<td><a href="#sn283">283</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Merekoti</td> +<td><a href="#sn375">375</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>M’komve</td> +<td><a href="#sn364">364</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>M’na</td> +<td><a href="#sn191">191</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mporo</td> +<td><a href="#sn276">276</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mundongo</td> +<td><a href="#sn479">479</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>N’dala</td> +<td><a href="#sn430">430</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>N’du</td> +<td><a href="#sn8">8</a>, <a href="#sn466">466</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>N’du-N’du</td> +<td><a href="#sn402">402</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>N’dungo</td> +<td><a href="#sn468">468</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nu</td> +<td><a href="#sn8">8</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Oro</td> +<td><a href="#sn698">698</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ou</td> +<td><a href="#sn788">788</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Palanjeke</td> +<td><a href="#sn498">498</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Pelle</td> +<td><a href="#sn432">432</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Pighadi</td> +<td><a href="#sn426">426</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Pili</td> +<td><a href="#sn420">420</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Po</td> +<td><a href="#sn273">273</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Poro</td> +<td><a href="#sn5">5</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rivia</td> +<td><a href="#sn419">419</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rupu</td> +<td><a href="#sn368">368</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sabrongo</td> +<td><a href="#sn392">392</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sekia</td> +<td><a href="#sn377">377</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shomu</td> +<td><a href="#sn417">417</a>, <a href="#sn418">418</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Singa</td> +<td><a href="#sn189">189</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sioro</td> +<td><a href="#sn188">188</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sorongo</td> +<td><a href="#sn382">382</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tepelu</td> +<td><a href="#sn191">191</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tina</td> +<td><a href="#sn348">348</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tindi</td> +<td><a href="#sn432">432</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tiri</td> +<td><a href="#sn381">381</a>, <a href="#sn470">470</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>To</td> +<td><a href="#sn188">188</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ulu</td> +<td><a href="#sn279">279</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ulumba</td> +<td><a href="#sn199">199</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Uru</td> +<td><a href="#sn291">291</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Usin</td> +<td><a href="#sn270">270</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Vanga</td> +<td><a href="#sn430">430</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Vulasin</td> +<td><a href="#sn401">401</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Wassa</td> +<td><a href="#sn275">275</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Wungo</td> +<td><a href="#sn352">352</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Yagomo</td> +<td><a href="#sn325">325</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Yamala</td> +<td><a href="#sn479">479</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Yukdashi</td> +<td><a href="#sn234">234</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Zebalaba</td> +<td><a href="#sn369">369</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Zili</td> +<td><a href="#sn394">394</a> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h3 class="bold"><a id="indbar"></a>BARI NAMES</h3> + +<table class="index" id="tindbar"> +<tr> +<td>Bakka</td> +<td><a href="#sn258">258</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bakungi</td> +<td><a href="#sn229">229</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Basha</td> +<td><a href="#sn275">275</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bogweh</td> +<td><a href="#sn191">191</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Budu</td> +<td><a href="#sn38">38</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Chawdaw</td> +<td><a href="#sn599">599</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Daya</td> +<td><a href="#sn36">36</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dikeri Timallo</td> +<td><a href="#sn109">109</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dufiti</td> +<td><a href="#sn480">480</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Faiti</td> +<td><a href="#sn342">342</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Fik</td> +<td><a href="#sn377">377</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Fufumi</td> +<td><a href="#sn229">229</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Funiti</td> +<td><a href="#sn342">342</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gagali</td> +<td><a href="#sn756">756</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Injir</td> +<td><a href="#sn818">818</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kadofi</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kafito</td> +<td><a href="#sn38">38</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kayu</td> +<td><a href="#sn369">369</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Keir</td> +<td><a href="#sn819">819</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kelisho</td> +<td><a href="#sn352">352</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kīr</td> +<td><a href="#sn393">393</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kireilli</td> +<td><a href="#sn383">383</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kitteh</td> +<td><a href="#sn275">275</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kubuli</td> +<td><a href="#sn662">662</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kukati</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kuluji</td> +<td><a href="#sn478">478</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kumi</td> +<td><a href="#sn418">418</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kurreh</td> +<td><a href="#sn367">367</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lakbur</td> +<td><a href="#sn224">224</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lakudi</td> +<td><a href="#sn344">344</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lallok</td> +<td><a href="#sn382">382</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lamraga</td> +<td><a href="#sn109">109</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Langi</td> +<td><a href="#sn372">372</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lelinga</td> +<td><a href="#sn19">19</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lodoreh</td> +<td><a href="#sn375">375</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Loring</td> +<td><a href="#sn156">156</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lufari</td> +<td><a href="#sn367">367</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lujurut</td> +<td><a href="#sn661">661</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lukati</td> +<td><a href="#sn372">372</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lulumeh</td> +<td><a href="#sn34">34</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lumili</td> +<td><a href="#sn382">382</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mandomi</td> +<td><a href="#sn288">288</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mat</td> +<td><a href="#sn404">404</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mit</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mojungi</td> +<td><a href="#sn375">375</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mutu</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Niada</td> +<td><a href="#sn37">37</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nieteh</td> +<td><a href="#sn38">38</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Owi</td> +<td><a href="#sn600">600</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Patta</td> +<td><a href="#sn275">275</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Poffeh</td> +<td><a href="#sn270">270</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Pukuli</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rega</td> +<td><a href="#sn191">191</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Riadi</td> +<td><a href="#sn34">34</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rileh</td> +<td><a href="#sn284">284</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rufi</td> +<td><a href="#sn404">404</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shadashu</td> +<td><a href="#sn599">599</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sirkuka</td> +<td><a href="#sn432">432</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Surreh</td> +<td><a href="#sn362">362</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tarasho</td> +<td><a href="#sn618">618</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Teleleh</td> +<td><a href="#sn608">608</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tifta</td> +<td><a href="#sn33">33</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tunusho</td> +<td><a href="#sn819">819</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Yakadi</td> +<td><a href="#sn601">601</a> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h3 class="bold"><a id="indham"></a>HAMEG NAMES</h3> + +<table class="index" id="tindham"> +<tr> +<td>Agaili</td> +<td><a href="#sn33">33</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Allanfa</td> +<td><a href="#sn404">404</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Angaloa</td> +<td><a href="#sn199">199</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Antamana-wanshu</td> +<td><a href="#sn199">199</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Arakh</td> +<td><a href="#sn352">352</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Arbit</td> +<td><a href="#sn284">284</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Argada</td> +<td><a href="#sn191">191</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bagu</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Baidi</td> +<td><a href="#sn199">199</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Banjam</td> +<td><a href="#sn599">599</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bazi</td> +<td><a href="#sn191">191</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bibi</td> +<td><a href="#sn368">368</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bizu</td> +<td><a href="#sn599">599</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Busa</td> +<td><a href="#sn372">372</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Damfulan</td> +<td><a href="#sn386">386</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Derder</td> +<td><a href="#sn205">205</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Deza</td> +<td><a href="#sn280">280</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Eru</td> +<td><a href="#sn155">155</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Garandak-Meshirg-edin</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ghot</td> +<td><a href="#sn372">372</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gora</td> +<td><a href="#sn819">819</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gulgula</td> +<td><a href="#sn385">385</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hollola</td> +<td><a href="#sn255">255</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Immirora</td> +<td><a href="#sn343">343</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Karan</td> +<td><a href="#sn224">224</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kha</td> +<td><a href="#sn382">382</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Khai</td> +<td><a href="#sn189">189</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kora</td> +<td><a href="#sn270">270</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kowa</td> +<td><a href="#sn402">402</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kurmuz</td> +<td><a href="#sn199">199</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Malat</td> +<td><a href="#sn275">275</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mali</td> +<td><a href="#sn239">239</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Medera</td> +<td><a href="#sn925">925</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mela</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Merish</td> +<td><a href="#sn375">375</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><span class="pagenum" id="Page_495">[495]</span>Merzis</td> +<td><a href="#sn682">682</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mosaghani</td> +<td><a href="#sn286">286</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Muggal</td> +<td><a href="#sn270">270</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nensha</td> +<td><a href="#sn352">352</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Oba</td> +<td><a href="#sn352">352</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Odu</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Omfa</td> +<td><a href="#sn210">210</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Omkursan</td> +<td><a href="#sn372">372</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Runda</td> +<td><a href="#sn480">480</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shebil</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shugeit</td> +<td><a href="#sn515">515</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shunshumut</td> +<td><a href="#sn255">255</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tari</td> +<td><a href="#sn342">342</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tharat</td> +<td><a href="#sn352">352</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tishu</td> +<td><a href="#sn392">392</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Uffa</td> +<td><a href="#sn212">212</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Um-Flogoru</td> +<td><a href="#sn269">269</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Uru</td> +<td><a href="#sn349">349</a> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h3 class="bold"><a id="indnue"></a>NUER NAMES</h3> + +<table class="index" id="tindnue"> +<tr> +<td>Bam</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bara</td> +<td><a href="#sn224">224</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bell</td> +<td><a href="#sn855">855</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bul Gwath</td> +<td><a href="#sn315">315</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bull</td> +<td><a href="#sn229">229</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bwau</td> +<td><a href="#sn372">372</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dang</td> +<td><a href="#sn270">270</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Daya</td> +<td><a href="#sn819">819</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Deb</td> +<td><a href="#sn35">35</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Deuganai</td> +<td><a href="#sn375">375</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Daub</td> +<td><a href="#sn172">172</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Fap</td> +<td><a href="#sn255">255</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Fath</td> +<td><a href="#sn801">801</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Fiath</td> +<td><a href="#sn382">382</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gel</td> +<td><a href="#sn342">342</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gok</td> +<td><a href="#sn191">191</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kaich</td> +<td><a href="#sn33">33</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kam</td> +<td><a href="#sn199">199</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kof</td> +<td><a href="#sn739">739</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kuar</td> +<td><a href="#sn275">275</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kurr</td> +<td><a href="#sn892">892</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kürwai</td> +<td><a href="#sn117">117</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kusha</td> +<td><a href="#sn212">212</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kuz</td> +<td><a href="#sn877">877</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kwät</td> +<td><a href="#sn275">275</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kwil</td> +<td><a href="#sn367">367</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kwir</td> +<td><a href="#sn892">892</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kwoich</td> +<td><a href="#sn362">362</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lao</td> +<td><a href="#sn468">468</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lau</td> +<td><a href="#sn925">925</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lēl</td> +<td><a href="#sn819">819</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Luēl</td> +<td><a href="#sn662">662</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lûôr</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lurr</td> +<td><a href="#sn342">342</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Maintaf</td> +<td><a href="#sn840">840</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mêt</td> +<td><a href="#sn189">189</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nak</td> +<td><a href="#sn662">662</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nap</td> +<td><a href="#sn352">352</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ngêiny</td> +<td><a href="#sn865">865</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ngof</td> +<td><a href="#sn352">352</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ngwaïn</td> +<td><a href="#sn270">270</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ngwēr</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Niot</td> +<td><a href="#sn599">599</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nium</td> +<td><a href="#sn664">664</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nurr</td> +<td><a href="#sn818">818</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nyuat</td> +<td><a href="#sn599">599</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Pau</td> +<td><a href="#sn367">367</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Riëk</td> +<td><a href="#sn419">419</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rir</td> +<td><a href="#sn394">394</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rur</td> +<td><a href="#sn311">311</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tau</td> +<td><a href="#sn382">382</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ted</td> +<td><a href="#sn224">224</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tef</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Teib</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tiit</td> +<td><a href="#sn38">38</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tol</td> +<td><a href="#sn616">616</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Twâl</td> +<td><a href="#sn15">15</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tyef</td> +<td><a href="#sn311">311</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Wigar</td> +<td><a href="#sn886">886</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Yell</td> +<td><a href="#sn827">827</a> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h3 class="bold"><a id="indshi"></a>SHILLUK NAMES</h3> + +<table class="index" id="tindshi"> +<tr> +<td>Abertgh</td> +<td><a href="#sn164">164</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Abudeh</td> +<td><a href="#sn33">33</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Adhwag</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Afiad</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Age</td> +<td><a href="#sn461">461</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Agwar</td> +<td><a href="#sn288">288</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Alabu</td> +<td><a href="#sn919">919</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Allad</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Aroa</td> +<td><a href="#sn901">901</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ashar</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Awolam</td> +<td><a href="#sn352">352</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>But</td> +<td><a href="#sn34">34</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Delpa</td> +<td><a href="#sn693">693</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gag</td> +<td><a href="#sn212">212</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Goi</td> +<td><a href="#sn599">599</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kayu</td> +<td><a href="#sn819">819</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kilutum</td> +<td><a href="#sn105">105</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kiroh</td> +<td><a href="#sn284">284</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lāng</td> +<td><a href="#sn372">372</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nangot</td> +<td><a href="#sn34">34</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Niarud</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nun</td> +<td><a href="#sn841">841</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Obailoh</td> +<td><a href="#sn367">367</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ofadoh</td> +<td><a href="#sn199">199</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Shwah</td> +<td><a href="#sn275">275</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tiap</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tu</td> +<td><a href="#sn382">382</a> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h3 class="bold"><a id="indbur"></a>BURUN NAMES</h3> + +<table class="index" id="tindbur"> +<tr> +<td>Boadun</td> +<td><a href="#sn191">191</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bimya</td> +<td><a href="#sn288">288</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bul</td> +<td><a href="#sn212">212</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bun</td> +<td><a href="#sn38">38</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dig</td> +<td><a href="#sn478">478</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Digra</td> +<td><a href="#sn282">282</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dili</td> +<td><a href="#sn199">199</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dilman</td> +<td><a href="#sn199">199</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Foicha</td> +<td><a href="#sn270">270</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Funna</td> +<td><a href="#sn661">661</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Giuom</td> +<td><a href="#sn342">342</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kabti</td> +<td><a href="#sn404">404</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kafa</td> +<td><a href="#sn269">269</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kelaiin</td> +<td><a href="#sn199">199</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kitchun</td> +<td><a href="#sn284">284</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kilko</td> +<td><a href="#sn394">394</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Leng</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mell</td> +<td><a href="#sn685">685</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mienna</td> +<td><a href="#sn417">417</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Munda</td> +<td><a href="#sn375">375</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Taang</td> +<td><a href="#sn819">819</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tianka</td> +<td><a href="#sn756">756</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tilla</td> +<td><a href="#sn284">284</a>, <a href="#sn402">402</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Toan</td> +<td><a href="#sn382">382</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Towollo</td> +<td><a href="#sn386">386</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Yenno</td> +<td><a href="#sn275">275</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Yin</td> +<td><a href="#sn189">189</a> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h3 class="bold"><a id="indbon"></a>BONGO NAMES</h3> + +<table class="index" id="tindbon"> +<tr> +<td>Airi</td> +<td><a href="#sn282">282</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bakwa</td> +<td><a href="#sn332">332</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gall</td> +<td><a href="#sn282">282</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gare</td> +<td><a href="#sn236">236</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gere</td> +<td><a href="#sn236">236</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gier</td> +<td><a href="#sn282">282</a>, <a href="#sn283">283</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gurfa</td> +<td><a href="#sn188">188</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kakob</td> +<td><a href="#sn229">229</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kahili</td> +<td><a href="#sn394">394</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kawbaw</td> +<td><a href="#sn272">272</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kela</td> +<td><a href="#sn274">274</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kholo</td> +<td><a href="#sn291">291</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kindi</td> +<td><a href="#sn713">713</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Koar</td> +<td><a href="#sn419">419</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kobbo</td> +<td><a href="#sn271">271</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Koell</td> +<td><a href="#sn911">911</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kolome</td> +<td><a href="#sn418">418</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kor</td> +<td><a href="#sn419">419</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kori</td> +<td><a href="#sn419">419</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kubo</td> +<td><a href="#sn352">352</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kuga-Tabba</td> +<td><a href="#sn88">88</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kugo</td> +<td><a href="#sn480">480</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lebbe</td> +<td><a href="#sn346">346</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Maha</td> +<td><a href="#sn275">275</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Makpara</td> +<td><a href="#sn772">772</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Malagutu</td> +<td><a href="#sn276">276</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mamele-ba</td> +<td><a href="#sn480">480</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mashir</td> +<td><a href="#sn616">616</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Masisi</td> +<td><a href="#sn269">269</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>M’balim</td> +<td><a href="#sn288">288</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>M’banga</td> +<td><a href="#sn346">346</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Munoh</td> +<td><a href="#sn430">430</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>M’volo</td> +<td><a href="#sn368">368</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ngeleh</td> +<td><a href="#sn430">430</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ru</td> +<td><a href="#sn279">279</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Siringa</td> +<td><a href="#sn189">189</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tabba</td> +<td><a href="#sn616">616</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tirma</td> +<td><a href="#sn343">343</a> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h3 class="bold"><a id="indzan"></a>ZANDE NAMES</h3> + +<table class="index" id="tindzan"> +<tr> +<td>Abagpa</td> +<td><a href="#sn332">332</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Abanza</td> +<td><a href="#sn275">275</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Abongba</td> +<td><a href="#sn279">279</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Aduraka</td> +<td><a href="#sn25">25</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Akori</td> +<td><a href="#sn797">797</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ambiria</td> +<td><a href="#sn618">618</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Awirki</td> +<td><a href="#sn291">291</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><span class="pagenum" id="Page_496">[496]</span>Babwa</td> +<td><a href="#sn245">245</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bagbodi</td> +<td><a href="#sn236">236</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bakaipur</td> +<td><a href="#sn188">188</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bakiwe</td> +<td><a href="#sn479">479</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bambe</td> +<td><a href="#sn618">618</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Banga</td> +<td><a href="#sn189">189</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bangribakake</td> +<td><a href="#sn329">329</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Barakuri</td> +<td><a href="#sn756">756</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Barandoka</td> +<td><a href="#sn779">779</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Baranga</td> +<td><a href="#sn757">757</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Barisango</td> +<td><a href="#sn661">661</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bazambe</td> +<td><a href="#sn618">618</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Baze</td> +<td><a href="#sn191">191</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bazmangi</td> +<td><a href="#sn245">245</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bedigawa</td> +<td><a href="#sn801">801</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bianga</td> +<td><a href="#sn480">480</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bingba</td> +<td><a href="#sn853">853</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bira</td> +<td><a href="#sn801">801</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Blippo</td> +<td><a href="#sn478">478</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bodumoh</td> +<td><a href="#sn827">827</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bofufa</td> +<td><a href="#sn529">529</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Boggumboli</td> +<td><a href="#sn801">801</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bogora</td> +<td><a href="#sn8">8</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bogu</td> +<td><a href="#sn393">393</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Boo</td> +<td><a href="#sn801">801</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bovotode</td> +<td><a href="#sn274">274</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bunga</td> +<td><a href="#sn255">255</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Daglie</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dagpa</td> +<td><a href="#sn270">270</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Damma</td> +<td><a href="#sn466">466</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ditira</td> +<td><a href="#sn172">172</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Doma</td> +<td><a href="#sn466">466</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Garo</td> +<td><a href="#sn278">278</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gundeh</td> +<td><a href="#sn616">616</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Inge</td> +<td><a href="#sn282">282</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Irrik</td> +<td><a href="#sn278">278</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Jiango</td> +<td><a href="#sn679">679</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kawkaw</td> +<td><a href="#sn855">855</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kinge</td> +<td><a href="#sn814">814</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kiski</td> +<td><a href="#sn375">375</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kofokofo</td> +<td><a href="#sn468">468</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kolome</td> +<td><a href="#sn418">418</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kopa</td> +<td><a href="#sn330">330</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kukuroku</td> +<td><a href="#sn211">211</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kure</td> +<td><a href="#sn311">311</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Manzi</td> +<td><a href="#sn744">744</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Maro</td> +<td><a href="#sn911">911</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Maydok</td> +<td><a href="#sn779">779</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>M’badi</td> +<td><a href="#sn435">435</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>M’begge</td> +<td><a href="#sn480">480</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>M’buru</td> +<td><a href="#sn210">210</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mere</td> +<td><a href="#sn779">779</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Metemboa</td> +<td><a href="#sn205">205</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Monu</td> +<td><a href="#sn911">911</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Morambida</td> +<td><a href="#sn202">202</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Murie Paï</td> +<td><a href="#sn1">1</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>N’ganzi</td> +<td><a href="#sn925">925</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>N’ganziduper</td> +<td><a href="#sn892">892</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nomba</td> +<td><a href="#sn224">224</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nonga</td> +<td><a href="#sn797">797</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nyti</td> +<td><a href="#sn779">779</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>N’zangarne</td> +<td><a href="#sn288">288</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nzeebee</td> +<td><a href="#sn224">224</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>N’zummunia</td> +<td><a href="#sn394">394</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Okwa</td> +<td><a href="#sn818">818</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Pangbaduper</td> +<td><a href="#sn739">739</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Pawe</td> +<td><a href="#sn273">273</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Pipi</td> +<td><a href="#sn175">175</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Podo</td> +<td><a href="#sn816">816</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Poigo</td> +<td><a href="#sn199">199</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Popogi</td> +<td><a href="#sn432">432</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Popuki</td> +<td><a href="#sn892">892</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Popwa</td> +<td><a href="#sn205">205</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Purpur</td> +<td><a href="#sn205">205</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ramu</td> +<td><a href="#sn227">227</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rangbarangbo</td> +<td><a href="#sn662">662</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Raria</td> +<td><a href="#sn610">610</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ratu</td> +<td><a href="#sn269">269</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rindichwe</td> +<td><a href="#sn432">432</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rokko</td> +<td><a href="#sn352">352</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Roko</td> +<td><a href="#sn227">227</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rungaime</td> +<td><a href="#sn15">15</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sanambiri</td> +<td><a href="#sn182">182</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sarah</td> +<td><a href="#sn664">664</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tingitingi</td> +<td><a href="#sn801">801</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Vunde</td> +<td><a href="#sn855">855</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Vurra</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Wande</td> +<td><a href="#sn315">315</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Weeda</td> +<td><a href="#sn402">402</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Zangare</td> +<td><a href="#sn282">282</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Zawa</td> +<td><a href="#sn178">178</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Zidi</td> +<td><a href="#sn344">344</a> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h3 class="bold"><a id="indkre"></a>KREJ NAMES</h3> + +<table class="index" id="tindkre"> +<tr> +<td>Durar</td> +<td><a href="#sn283">283</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Juyo</td> +<td><a href="#sn608">608</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kotto</td> +<td><a href="#sn1">1</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Koyo</td> +<td><a href="#sn352">352</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nzerahna</td> +<td><a href="#sn331">331</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sussi</td> +<td><a href="#sn430">430</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tu</td> +<td><a href="#sn652">652</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Wawa</td> +<td><a href="#sn430">430</a> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h3 class="bold"><a id="indind"></a>INDOGO NAMES</h3> + +<table class="index" id="tindind"> +<tr> +<td>Bih</td> +<td><a href="#sn430">430</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Koh</td> +<td><a href="#sn431">431</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kotto</td> +<td><a href="#sn1">1</a> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h3 class="bold"><a id="indtuk"></a>TUKU-TUKU NAMES</h3> + +<table class="index" id="tindtuk"> +<tr> +<td>Dawa Na Samaki<br> +(See Arabic Names.)</td> +<td><a href="#sn181">181</a> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h3 class="bold"><a id="indkal"></a>KALIKO NAMES</h3> + +<table class="index" id="tindkal"> +<tr> +<td>Doro</td> +<td><a href="#sn350">350</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kapah</td> +<td><a href="#sn231">231</a> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h3 class="bold"><a id="indmak"></a>MAKRAKA NAMES</h3> + +<table class="index" id="tindmak"> +<tr> +<td>Kawa</td> +<td><a href="#sn196">196</a> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h2 class="large"><a id="indgen"></a>INDEX TO GENERIC NAMES.</h2> + +<table class="index" id="tindgen"> +<tr> +<td> +</td> +<td><span class="less">SERIAL NO.</span> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Abrus</td> +<td><a href="#sn325">325</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Abutilon</td> +<td><a href="#sn218">218</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Acacia</td> +<td><a href="#sn287">287</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Acalypha</td> +<td><a href="#sn249">249</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Acanthus</td> +<td><a href="#sn677">677</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Achyranthes</td> +<td><a href="#sn111">111</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Achyrocline</td> +<td><a href="#sn535">535</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Acrocephalus</td> +<td><a href="#sn703">703</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Acroceras</td> +<td><a href="#sn878">878</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Acrospira</td> +<td><a href="#sn763">763</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Adansonia</td> +<td><a href="#sn212">212</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Adenia</td> +<td><a href="#sn156">156</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Adenium</td> +<td><a href="#sn438">438</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Adenodolichos</td> +<td><a href="#sn338">338</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Adenopus</td> +<td><a href="#sn159">159</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Adenostemma</td> +<td><a href="#sn518">518</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Adina</td> +<td><a href="#sn467">467</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Æluropus</td> +<td><a href="#sn922">922</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Æolanthus</td> +<td><a href="#sn711">711</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ærva</td> +<td><a href="#sn107">107</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Æschynomene</td> +<td><a href="#sn312">312</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Afrormosia</td> +<td><a href="#sn346">346</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><em>Afzelia</em> +</td> +<td><em><a href="#sn273">273</a></em> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Agelæa</td> +<td><a href="#sn406">406</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ageratum</td> +<td><a href="#sn519">519</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Aizoon</td> +<td><a href="#sn85">85</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ajuga</td> +<td><a href="#sn725">725</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Albizzia</td> +<td><a href="#sn288">288</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Albuca</td> +<td><a href="#sn770">770</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Alchornea</td> +<td><a href="#sn251">251</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Alectra</td> +<td><a href="#sn650">650</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Alhagi</td> +<td><a href="#sn310">310</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Alisma</td> +<td><a href="#sn726">726</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Allium</td> +<td><a href="#sn767">767</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Alloteropsis</td> +<td><a href="#sn871">871</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Aloe</td> +<td><a href="#sn758">758</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><em>Alsodeia</em> +</td> +<td><em><a href="#sn56">56</a></em> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Alstonia</td> +<td><a href="#sn435">435</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Alternanthera</td> +<td><a href="#sn113">113</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Alysicarpus</td> +<td><a href="#sn320">320</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Amanoa</td> +<td><a href="#sn232">232</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Amaralia</td> +<td><a href="#sn481">481</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Amaranthus</td> +<td><a href="#sn106">106</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Amblygonocarpus</td> +<td><a href="#sn283">283</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ambrosia</td> +<td><a href="#sn546">546</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ammannia</td> +<td><a href="#sn130">130</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Amomum</td> +<td><a href="#sn797">797</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Amorphophallus</td> +<td><a href="#sn742">742</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_497">[497]</span>Ampelocissus</td> +<td><a href="#sn374">374</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Amphilophis</td> +<td><a href="#sn860">860</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Anagallis</td> +<td><a href="#sn593">593</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Anastatica</td> +<td><a href="#sn43">43</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Anchomanes</td> +<td><a href="#sn743">743</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ancistrophyllum</td> +<td><a href="#sn817">817</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Andira</td> +<td><a href="#sn345">345</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Andrachne</td> +<td><a href="#sn233">233</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Andropogon</td> +<td><a href="#sn864">864</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Aneilema</td> +<td><a href="#sn782">782</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Angræcum</td> +<td><a href="#sn807">807</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Anisopappus</td> +<td><a href="#sn545">545</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Anogeissus</td> +<td><a href="#sn189">189</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Anona</td> +<td><a href="#sn8">8</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Anthephora</td> +<td><a href="#sn885">885</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Anthericum</td> +<td><a href="#sn764">764</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Antherotoma</td> +<td><a href="#sn185">185</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Anthocleista</td> +<td><a href="#sn425">425</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Anthospermum</td> +<td><a href="#sn475">475</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Antiaris</td> +<td><a href="#sn353">353</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Anticharis</td> +<td><a href="#sn631">631</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Antidesma</td> +<td><a href="#sn234">234</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Antirrhinum</td> +<td><a href="#sn636">636</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Aponogeton</td> +<td><a href="#sn734">734</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Aporrhiza</td> +<td><a href="#sn398">398</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Aptosimum</td> +<td><a href="#sn630">630</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Arachis</td> +<td><a href="#sn315">315</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Arenaria</td> +<td><a href="#sn74">74</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Argemone</td> +<td><a href="#sn27">27</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Argyrolobium</td> +<td><a href="#sn293">293</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Aristida</td> +<td><a href="#sn895">895</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Aristolochia</td> +<td><a href="#sn22">22</a>, <em><a href="#sn23">23</a></em></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Arnebia</td> +<td><a href="#sn606">606</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Arthraxon</td> +<td><a href="#sn859">859</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Arthrocnemum</td> +<td><a href="#sn100">100</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Arthrosolen</td> +<td><a href="#sn140">140</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Asclepias</td> +<td><a href="#sn452">452</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ascolepis</td> +<td><a href="#sn835">835</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Asparagus</td> +<td><a href="#sn756">756</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Asphodelus</td> +<td><a href="#sn760">760</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Aspilia</td> +<td><a href="#sn553">553</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Astragalus</td> +<td><a href="#sn307">307</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Astrochlæna</td> +<td><a href="#sn621">621</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Asystasia</td> +<td><a href="#sn681">681</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Atriplex</td> +<td><a href="#sn97">97</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Avena</td> +<td><a href="#sn890">890</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Avicennia</td> +<td><a href="#sn700">700</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Azadirachta</td> +<td><a href="#sn389">389</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Balanites</td> +<td><a href="#sn382">382</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Barleria</td> +<td><a href="#sn678">678</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Basella</td> +<td><a href="#sn114">114</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bauhinia</td> +<td><a href="#sn270">270</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Becium</td> +<td><a href="#sn706">706</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Belmontia</td> +<td><a href="#sn586">586</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bergia</td> +<td><a href="#sn71">71</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Berkheya</td> +<td><a href="#sn568">568</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Berlinia</td> +<td><a href="#sn272">272</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bidens</td> +<td><a href="#sn560">560</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Biophytum</td> +<td><a href="#sn125">125</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Biserula</td> +<td><a href="#sn302">302</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bixa</td> +<td><a href="#sn146">146</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Blæria</td> +<td><a href="#sn415">415</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Blainvillea</td> +<td><a href="#sn552">552</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Blepharis</td> +<td><a href="#sn676">676</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Blumea</td> +<td><a href="#sn529">529</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Boehmeria</td> +<td><a href="#sn357">357</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Boerhaavia</td> +<td><a href="#sn142">142</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bonatea</td> +<td><a href="#sn812">812</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bootia</td> +<td><a href="#sn750">750</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Borassus</td> +<td><a href="#sn818">818</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Boscia</td> +<td><a href="#sn35">35</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Boswellia</td> +<td><a href="#sn385">385</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bouchea</td> +<td><a href="#sn692">692</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Brachiaria</td> +<td><a href="#sn873">873</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Brachycorythis</td> +<td><a href="#sn811">811</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Brachystelma</td> +<td><a href="#sn462">462</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bridelia</td> +<td><a href="#sn230">230</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bromus</td> +<td><a href="#sn923">923</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bruguiera</td> +<td><a href="#sn193">193</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bryonopsis</td> +<td><a href="#sn165">165</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bryophyllum</td> +<td><a href="#sn64">64</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Buchnera</td> +<td><a href="#sn651">651</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bulbine</td> +<td><a href="#sn761">761</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bulbostylis</td> +<td><a href="#sn831">831</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Burkea</td> +<td><a href="#sn277">277</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Burnatia</td> +<td><a href="#sn731">731</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Butomopsis</td> +<td><a href="#sn733">733</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Butyrospermum</td> +<td><a href="#sn419">419</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Byrsocarpus</td> +<td><a href="#sn405">405</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Cadaba</td> +<td><a href="#sn37">37</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Cadalvena</td> +<td><a href="#sn795">795</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Cæsalpinia</td> +<td><a href="#sn266">266</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Cajanus</td> +<td><a href="#sn339">339</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Calamus</td> +<td><a href="#sn816">816</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Caldenia</td> +<td><a href="#sn727">727</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Caloncoba</td> +<td><a href="#sn149">149</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Calonyction</td> +<td><a href="#sn620">620</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Calotropis</td> +<td><a href="#sn450">450</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Campanula</td> +<td><a href="#sn585">585</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Canarium</td> +<td><a href="#sn387">387</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Canavalia</td> +<td><a href="#sn331">331</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Cannabis</td> +<td><a href="#sn361">361</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Canscora</td> +<td><a href="#sn589">589</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Canthium</td> +<td><a href="#sn490">490</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Caperonia</td> +<td><a href="#sn243">243</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Capparis</td> +<td><a href="#sn34">34</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Capsicum</td> +<td><a href="#sn610">610</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Caralluma</td> +<td><a href="#sn464">464</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Cardiospermum</td> +<td><a href="#sn396">396</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Carica</td> +<td><a href="#sn175">175</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Carissa</td> +<td><a href="#sn432">432</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Carthamus</td> +<td><a href="#sn571">571</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Casearia</td> +<td><a href="#sn152">152</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Cassia</td> +<td><a href="#sn269">269</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Caylusea</td> +<td><a href="#sn57">57</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ceiba</td> +<td><a href="#sn213">213</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Celosia</td> +<td><a href="#sn104">104</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Celtis</td> +<td><a href="#sn258">258</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Cenchrus</td> +<td><a href="#sn887">887</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Centaurea</td> +<td><a href="#sn570">570</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Cephaëlis</td> +<td><a href="#sn504">504</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Cephalandra</td> +<td><a href="#sn173">173</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Cephalocroton</td> +<td><a href="#sn246">246</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Cerastium</td> +<td><a href="#sn73">73</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ceratophyllum</td> +<td><a href="#sn14">14</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ceratotheca</td> +<td><a href="#sn665">665</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ceropegia</td> +<td><a href="#sn461">461</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ceruana</td> +<td><a href="#sn525">525</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Chætacme</td> +<td><a href="#sn260">260</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Chasmanthera</td> +<td><a href="#sn18">18</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Chasmopodium</td> +<td><a href="#sn851">851</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Chenopodium</td> +<td><a href="#sn96">96</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Chloris</td> +<td><a href="#sn908">908</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Chlorophora</td> +<td><a href="#sn350">350</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Chlorophytum</td> +<td><a href="#sn765">765</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Christiana</td> +<td><a href="#sn198">198</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Chrozophora</td> +<td><a href="#sn244">244</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Chrysanthellum</td> +<td><a href="#sn561">561</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Chrysopogon</td> +<td><a href="#sn857">857</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Cicer</td> +<td><a href="#sn321">321</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Cienfuegosia</td> +<td><a href="#sn225">225</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Cissampelos</td> +<td><a href="#sn20">20</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Cissus</td> +<td><a href="#sn275">275</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Cistanche</td> +<td><a href="#sn657">657</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Citrullus</td> +<td><a href="#sn172">172</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Citrus</td> +<td><a href="#sn379">379</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Clausena</td> +<td><a href="#sn378">378</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Clematis</td> +<td><a href="#sn10">10</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Clematopsis</td> +<td><a href="#sn11">11</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Cleome</td> +<td><a href="#sn30">30</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Clerodendron</td> +<td><a href="#sn699">699</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Clinogyne</td> +<td><a href="#sn799">799</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Clitandra</td> +<td><a href="#sn431">431</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Clitoria</td> +<td><a href="#sn326">326</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Cnestis</td> +<td><a href="#sn407">407</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Cocculus</td> +<td><a href="#sn19">19</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Cochlospermum</td> +<td><a href="#sn147">147</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Coelachyrum</td> +<td><a href="#sn910">910</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Coffea</td> +<td><a href="#sn499">499</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Coldenia</td> +<td><a href="#sn601">601</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Cola</td> +<td><a href="#sn211">211</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Coleus</td> +<td><a href="#sn709">709</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Colocasia</td> +<td><a href="#sn744">744</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Combretum</td> +<td><a href="#sn191">191</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Cometes</td> +<td><a href="#sn93">93</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Commelina</td> +<td><a href="#sn781">781</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Commiphora</td> +<td><a href="#sn386">386</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Conopharyngia</td> +<td><a href="#sn437">437</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Convolvulus</td> +<td><a href="#sn624">624</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Conyza</td> +<td><a href="#sn528">528</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Corallocarpus</td> +<td><a href="#sn170">170</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Corchorus</td> +<td><a href="#sn202">202</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Cordia</td> +<td><a href="#sn599">599</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Cordyla</td> +<td><a href="#sn348">348</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Coreopsis</td> +<td><a href="#sn559">559</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Coriandrum</td> +<td><a href="#sn414">414</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Cornulaca</td> +<td><a href="#sn103">103</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Corymbis</td> +<td><a href="#sn808">808</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Costus</td> +<td><a href="#sn796">796</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Cotula</td> +<td><a href="#sn562">562</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Courbonia</td> +<td><a href="#sn36">36</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Cratæva</td> +<td><a href="#sn33">33</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Craterispermum</td> +<td><a href="#sn496">496</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Craterostigma</td> +<td><a href="#sn644">644</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Cremaspora</td> +<td><a href="#sn488">488</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Crepis</td> +<td><a href="#sn576">576</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><span class="pagenum" id="Page_498">[498]</span>Cressa</td> +<td><a href="#sn628">628</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Crinum</td> +<td><a href="#sn787">787</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Crossandra</td> +<td><a href="#sn680">680</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Crossopteryx</td> +<td><a href="#sn470">470</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Crotalaria</td> +<td><a href="#sn291">291</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Croton</td> +<td><a href="#sn240">240</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Cryptolepis</td> +<td><a href="#sn439">439</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ctenium</td> +<td><a href="#sn909">909</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ctenolepis</td> +<td><a href="#sn171">171</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Cucumis</td> +<td><a href="#sn164">164</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Cucurbita</td> +<td><a href="#sn174">174</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Culcasia</td> +<td><a href="#sn745">745</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Curculigo</td> +<td><a href="#sn786">786</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Cuscuta</td> +<td><a href="#sn629">629</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Cyamopsis</td> +<td><a href="#sn299">299</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Cyanotis</td> +<td><a href="#sn783">783</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Cyathula</td> +<td><a href="#sn108">108</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><em>Cyclostemon</em> +</td> +<td><em><a href="#sn237">237</a></em> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Cycnium</td> +<td><a href="#sn654">654</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Cymbopogon</td> +<td><a href="#sn865">865</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Cymodocea</td> +<td><a href="#sn737">737</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Cynanchum</td> +<td><a href="#sn454">454</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Cynodon</td> +<td><a href="#sn906">906</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Cynoglossum</td> +<td><a href="#sn604">604</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Cyperus</td> +<td><a href="#sn827">827</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dactyloctenium</td> +<td><a href="#sn912">912</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dæmia</td> +<td><a href="#sn457">457</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dalbergia</td> +<td><a href="#sn342">342</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dalechampia</td> +<td><a href="#sn256">256</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Daniellia</td> +<td><a href="#sn274">274</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Danthonia</td> +<td><a href="#sn891">891</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dasystachys</td> +<td><a href="#sn766">766</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Datura</td> +<td><a href="#sn614">614</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Desmodium</td> +<td><a href="#sn317">317</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Desmonema</td> +<td><a href="#sn17">17</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Desmostachya</td> +<td><a href="#sn900">900</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Detarium</td> +<td><a href="#sn276">276</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dichanthium</td> +<td><a href="#sn861">861</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dichapetalum</td> +<td><a href="#sn265">265</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dichondra</td> +<td><a href="#sn627">627</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dichrocephala</td> +<td><a href="#sn523">523</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dichrostachys</td> +<td><a href="#sn284">284</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dicliptera</td> +<td><a href="#sn687">687</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dicoma</td> +<td><a href="#sn572">572</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dicranolepis</td> +<td><a href="#sn141">141</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Diectomis</td> +<td><a href="#sn863">863</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Digera</td> +<td><a href="#sn105">105</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Digitaria</td> +<td><a href="#sn870">870</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dinebra</td> +<td><a href="#sn913">913</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Diodia</td> +<td><a href="#sn505">505</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dioscorea</td> +<td><a href="#sn779">779</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Diospyros</td> +<td><a href="#sn418">418</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dipcadi</td> +<td><a href="#sn768">768</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Diplachne</td> +<td><a href="#sn902">902</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Diplacrum</td> +<td><a href="#sn838">838</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Diplolophium</td> +<td><a href="#sn410">410</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Diplotaxis</td> +<td><a href="#sn46">46</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dipterygium</td> +<td><a href="#sn32">32</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dissotis</td> +<td><a href="#sn186">186</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dobera</td> +<td><a href="#sn366">366</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dodonæa</td> +<td><a href="#sn399">399</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dolichos</td> +<td><a href="#sn336">336</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dombeya</td> +<td><a href="#sn205">205</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dopatrium</td> +<td><a href="#sn642">642</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dorstenia</td> +<td><a href="#sn351">351</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dracæna</td> +<td><a href="#sn759">759</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Drimia</td> +<td><a href="#sn769">769</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Drosera</td> +<td><a href="#sn69">69</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Drypetes</td> +<td><a href="#sn237">237</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Duranta</td> +<td><a href="#sn696">696</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dyschoriste</td> +<td><a href="#sn670">670</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ecbolium</td> +<td><a href="#sn686">686</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Echidnopsis</td> +<td><a href="#sn463">463</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Echinochilon</td> +<td><a href="#sn605">605</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Echinochloa</td> +<td><a href="#sn877">877</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Echinodorus</td> +<td><a href="#sn730">730</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Echinops</td> +<td><a href="#sn569">569</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Echium</td> +<td><a href="#sn607">607</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Eclipta</td> +<td><a href="#sn550">550</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ehretia</td> +<td><a href="#sn600">600</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Eichornia</td> +<td><a href="#sn775">775</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ekebergia</td> +<td><a href="#sn391">391</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Elæis</td> +<td><a href="#sn821">821</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Elæodendron</td> +<td><a href="#sn363">363</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Eleocharis</td> +<td><a href="#sn829">829</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Elephantopus</td> +<td><a href="#sn517">517</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Eleusine</td> +<td><a href="#sn911">911</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Elyonurus</td> +<td><a href="#sn848">848</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Elytraria</td> +<td><a href="#sn667">667</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Elytrophorus</td> +<td><a href="#sn921">921</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Embelia</td> +<td><a href="#sn422">422</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Emilia</td> +<td><a href="#sn564">564</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Enarthrocarpus</td> +<td><a href="#sn51">51</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Encephalartos</td> +<td><a href="#sn1">1</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Englerastrum</td> +<td><a href="#sn710">710</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Enhydra</td> +<td><a href="#sn549">549</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Enicostema</td> +<td><a href="#sn588">588</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Enneapogon</td> +<td><a href="#sn917">917</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Entada</td> +<td><a href="#sn280">280</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Enteropogon</td> +<td><a href="#sn907">907</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Epaltes</td> +<td><a href="#sn532">532</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ephedra</td> +<td><a href="#sn2">2</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Epilobium</td> +<td><a href="#sn136">136</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Eragrostis</td> +<td><a href="#sn901">901</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Eranthemum</td> +<td><a href="#sn682">682</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Eremopogon</td> +<td><a href="#sn858">858</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Eriocaulon</td> +<td><a href="#sn823">823</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Eriochloa</td> +<td><a href="#sn872">872</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><em>Eriodendron</em> +</td> +<td><em><a href="#sn213">213</a></em> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Eriosema</td> +<td><a href="#sn341">341</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Eriospermum</td> +<td><a href="#sn762">762</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Eriospora</td> +<td><a href="#sn839">839</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Erlangea</td> +<td><a href="#sn514">514</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Erodium</td> +<td><a href="#sn123">123</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Eruca</td> +<td><a href="#sn47">47</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Erythrina</td> +<td><a href="#sn329">329</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Erythrococca</td> +<td><a href="#sn247">247</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Erythrophlæum</td> +<td><a href="#sn278">278</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ethulia</td> +<td><a href="#sn513">513</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Euclea</td> +<td><a href="#sn416">416</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Eulophia</td> +<td><a href="#sn804">804</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Eupatorium</td> +<td><a href="#sn520">520</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Euphorbia</td> +<td><a href="#sn229">229</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Eureiandra</td> +<td><a href="#sn162">162</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Evolvulus</td> +<td><a href="#sn625">625</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Fadogia</td> +<td><a href="#sn494">494</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Fagonia</td> +<td><a href="#sn119">119</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Faroa</td> +<td><a href="#sn587">587</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Farsetia</td> +<td><a href="#sn44">44</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Felicia</td> +<td><a href="#sn526">526</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Feretia</td> +<td><a href="#sn484">484</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ficus</td> +<td><a href="#sn352">352</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Fimbristylis</td> +<td><a href="#sn830">830</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Flacourtia</td> +<td><a href="#sn151">151</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Fleurya</td> +<td><a href="#sn355">355</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Floscopa</td> +<td><a href="#sn784">784</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Fluggea</td> +<td><a href="#sn239">239</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Fœniculum</td> +<td><a href="#sn411">411</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Forskohlea</td> +<td><a href="#sn360">360</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Frankenia</td> +<td><a href="#sn154">154</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Fuirena</td> +<td><a href="#sn833">833</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Fumaria</td> +<td><a href="#sn28">28</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gaillonia</td> +<td><a href="#sn506">506</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Galium</td> +<td><a href="#sn511">511</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Garcinia</td> +<td><a href="#sn197">197</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gardenia</td> +<td><a href="#sn480">480</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Geigeria</td> +<td><a href="#sn544">544</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Geophila</td> +<td><a href="#sn503">503</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Geranium</td> +<td><a href="#sn122">122</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gerbera</td> +<td><a href="#sn574">574</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gisekia</td> +<td><a href="#sn82">82</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gladiolus</td> +<td><a href="#sn792">792</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Glinus</td> +<td><a href="#sn81">81</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gloriosa</td> +<td><a href="#sn774">774</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Glossonema</td> +<td><a href="#sn446">446</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Glycine</td> +<td><a href="#sn327">327</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Glycyrrhiza</td> +<td><a href="#sn308">308</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Glyphæa</td> +<td><a href="#sn203">203</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gnaphalium</td> +<td><a href="#sn536">536</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gnidia</td> +<td><a href="#sn138">138</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><em>Gomphia</em> +</td> +<td><em><a href="#sn197">197</a></em> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gossypium</td> +<td><a href="#sn227">227</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Grangea</td> +<td><a href="#sn524">524</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Grewia</td> +<td><a href="#sn199">199</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Guettarda</td> +<td><a href="#sn486">486</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Guiera</td> +<td><a href="#sn190">190</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Guizotia</td> +<td><a href="#sn558">558</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gymnema</td> +<td><a href="#sn458">458</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gymnosporia</td> +<td><a href="#sn362">362</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gynandropsis</td> +<td><a href="#sn31">31</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gynura</td> +<td><a href="#sn563">563</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Habenaria</td> +<td><a href="#sn810">810</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hæmanthus</td> +<td><a href="#sn788">788</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Halopeplis</td> +<td><a href="#sn99">99</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Halophila</td> +<td><a href="#sn752">752</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hannoa</td> +<td><a href="#sn380">380</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Haronga</td> +<td><a href="#sn196">196</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Harrisonia</td> +<td><a href="#sn383">383</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Heleochloa</td> +<td><a href="#sn893">893</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Heliotropium</td> +<td><a href="#sn602">602</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Helichrysum</td> +<td><a href="#sn537">537</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><em>Helmia</em> +</td> +<td><em><a href="#sn779">779</a></em> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Helminthocarpum</td> +<td><a href="#sn301">301</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hemigraphis</td> +<td><a href="#sn675">675</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hermannia</td> +<td><a href="#sn208">208</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Herminiera</td> +<td><a href="#sn311">311</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Heterachæna</td> +<td><a href="#sn578">578</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Heteranthera</td> +<td><a href="#sn776">776</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Heteropogon</td> +<td><a href="#sn868">868</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><span class="pagenum" id="Page_499">[499]</span>Hexalobus</td> +<td><a href="#sn5">5</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hibiscus</td> +<td><a href="#sn224">224</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hippocratea</td> +<td><a href="#sn364">364</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hochstetteria</td> +<td><a href="#sn573">573</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Homalium</td> +<td><a href="#sn153">153</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Honckenya</td> +<td><a href="#sn201">201</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hoslundia</td> +<td><a href="#sn707">707</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Huernia</td> +<td><a href="#sn465">465</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hugonia</td> +<td><a href="#sn116">116</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hybanthus</td> +<td><a href="#sn55">55</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hydnora</td> +<td><a href="#sn24">24</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hydrilla</td> +<td><a href="#sn746">746</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hydrocotyle</td> +<td><a href="#sn408">408</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hydrolea</td> +<td><a href="#sn598">598</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hygrophila</td> +<td><a href="#sn669">669</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hymenocardia</td> +<td><a href="#sn236">236</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hymenodictyon</td> +<td><a href="#sn469">469</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hyoscyamus</td> +<td><a href="#sn615">615</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hyparrhenia</td> +<td><a href="#sn866">866</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hypericum</td> +<td><a href="#sn194">194</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hyphæne</td> +<td><a href="#sn819">819</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hypoestes</td> +<td><a href="#sn689">689</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hypoxis</td> +<td><a href="#sn785">785</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hyptis</td> +<td><a href="#sn713">713</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ilysanthes</td> +<td><a href="#sn647">647</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Impatiens</td> +<td><a href="#sn126">126</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Imperata</td> +<td><a href="#sn853">853</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Indigofera</td> +<td><a href="#sn300">300</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Inula</td> +<td><a href="#sn539">539</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><em>Ionidium</em> +</td> +<td><em><a href="#sn55">55</a></em> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Iphiona</td> +<td><a href="#sn540">540</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ipomœa</td> +<td><a href="#sn618">618</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Irvingia</td> +<td><a href="#sn381">381</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ischæmum</td> +<td><a href="#sn841">841</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Isoberlinia</td> +<td><a href="#sn271">271</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ixora</td> +<td><a href="#sn497">497</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Jacquemontia</td> +<td><a href="#sn623">623</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Jardinea</td> +<td><a href="#sn845">845</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Jasminum</td> +<td><a href="#sn427">427</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Jatropha</td> +<td><a href="#sn241">241</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Juncellus</td> +<td><a href="#sn826">826</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Jussieua</td> +<td><a href="#sn133">133</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Justicia</td> +<td><a href="#sn684">684</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kæmpferia</td> +<td><a href="#sn794">794</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kalanchoe</td> +<td><a href="#sn65">65</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kanahia</td> +<td><a href="#sn451">451</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kedrostis</td> +<td><a href="#sn169">169</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Khaya</td> +<td><a href="#sn393">393</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kigelia</td> +<td><a href="#sn662">662</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Klainedoxa</td> +<td><a href="#sn384">384</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kochia</td> +<td><a href="#sn98">98</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kosteletzkya</td> +<td><a href="#sn222">222</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Kyllinga</td> +<td><a href="#sn824">824</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lactuca</td> +<td><a href="#sn577">577</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lagarosiphon</td> +<td><a href="#sn747">747</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lagenaria</td> +<td><a href="#sn160">160</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Laggera</td> +<td><a href="#sn530">530</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Landolphia</td> +<td><a href="#sn430">430</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lantana</td> +<td><a href="#sn690">690</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lapeyrousia</td> +<td><a href="#sn790">790</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lasiosiphon</td> +<td><a href="#sn139">139</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lasiurus</td> +<td><a href="#sn847">847</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lathyrus</td> +<td><a href="#sn324">324</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Latipes</td> +<td><a href="#sn897">897</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Laurembergia</td> +<td><a href="#sn137">137</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lawsonia</td> +<td><a href="#sn131">131</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lavandula</td> +<td><a href="#sn714">714</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Leersia</td> +<td><a href="#sn920">920</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lemna</td> +<td><a href="#sn753">753</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lens</td> +<td><a href="#sn323">323</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Leonitis</td> +<td><a href="#sn722">722</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lepidagathis</td> +<td><a href="#sn683">683</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lepidium</td> +<td><a href="#sn49">49</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lepidoturus</td> +<td><a href="#sn250">250</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lepistemon</td> +<td><a href="#sn622">622</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Leptadenia</td> +<td><a href="#sn460">460</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Leptochloa</td> +<td><a href="#sn903">903</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Leptonychia</td> +<td><a href="#sn209">209</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Leucas</td> +<td><a href="#sn721">721</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Leysera</td> +<td><a href="#sn538">538</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lightfootia</td> +<td><a href="#sn582">582</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Limeum</td> +<td><a href="#sn84">84</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Limnanthemum</td> +<td><a href="#sn591">591</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Limnophila</td> +<td><a href="#sn640">640</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Limnophyton</td> +<td><a href="#sn728">728</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Linaria</td> +<td><a href="#sn633">633</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lindenbergia</td> +<td><a href="#sn638">638</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lindernia</td> +<td><a href="#sn646">646</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lindukeria</td> +<td><a href="#sn150">150</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Linociera</td> +<td><a href="#sn429">429</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Linum</td> +<td><a href="#sn115">115</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lipocarpha</td> +<td><a href="#sn834">834</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lippia</td> +<td><a href="#sn691">691</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lissochilus</td> +<td><a href="#sn805">805</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lobelia</td> +<td><a href="#sn581">581</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lonchocarpus</td> +<td><a href="#sn344">344</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lophira</td> +<td><a href="#sn178">178</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lophotocarpus</td> +<td><a href="#sn729">729</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Loranthus</td> +<td><a href="#sn370">370</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lotononis</td> +<td><a href="#sn289">289</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lotus</td> +<td><a href="#sn297">297</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ludwigia</td> +<td><a href="#sn134">134</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Luffa</td> +<td><a href="#sn161">161</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lupinus</td> +<td><a href="#sn292">292</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lycium</td> +<td><a href="#sn613">613</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lycopersicum</td> +<td><a href="#sn611">611</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Maba</td> +<td><a href="#sn417">417</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Macaranga</td> +<td><a href="#sn254">254</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Macrosphyra</td> +<td><a href="#sn482">482</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mærua</td> +<td><a href="#sn38">38</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mæsa</td> +<td><a href="#sn421">421</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mæsobotrya</td> +<td><a href="#sn235">235</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mæsopsis</td> +<td><a href="#sn373">373</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Malachra</td> +<td><a href="#sn219">219</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mallotus</td> +<td><a href="#sn253">253</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Malva</td> +<td><a href="#sn214">214</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Malvastrum</td> +<td><a href="#sn215">215</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mangifera</td> +<td><a href="#sn400">400</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Manihot</td> +<td><a href="#sn245">245</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Manisuris</td> +<td><a href="#sn846">846</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Manniophyton</td> +<td><a href="#sn242">242</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Margaretta</td> +<td><a href="#sn453">453</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mariscus</td> +<td><a href="#sn828">828</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Marsdenia</td> +<td><a href="#sn459">459</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Matthiola</td> +<td><a href="#sn40">40</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Medemia</td> +<td><a href="#sn820">820</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Medicago</td> +<td><a href="#sn295">295</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Megabaria</td> +<td><a href="#sn231">231</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Megaclinium</td> +<td><a href="#sn803">803</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Meiocarpidium</td> +<td><a href="#sn4">4</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Melanthera</td> +<td><a href="#sn555">555</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Melhania</td> +<td><a href="#sn204">204</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Melia</td> +<td><a href="#sn390">390</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Melinis</td> +<td><a href="#sn884">884</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Melochia</td> +<td><a href="#sn206">206</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Melothria</td> +<td><a href="#sn168">168</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mentha</td> +<td><a href="#sn715">715</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Merremia</td> +<td><a href="#sn619">619</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Meyna</td> +<td><a href="#sn492">492</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Micrargeria</td> +<td><a href="#sn656">656</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Microchloa</td> +<td><a href="#sn905">905</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Micrococca</td> +<td><a href="#sn248">248</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Microglossa</td> +<td><a href="#sn527">527</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Micromeria</td> +<td><a href="#sn716">716</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Microstylis</td> +<td><a href="#sn802">802</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Microtrichia</td> +<td><a href="#sn522">522</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mikania</td> +<td><a href="#sn521">521</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Milletia</td> +<td><a href="#sn305">305</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mimosa</td> +<td><a href="#sn286">286</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mimulus</td> +<td><a href="#sn643">643</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mimusops</td> +<td><a href="#sn420">420</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mitracarpum</td> +<td><a href="#sn509">509</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mitragyne</td> +<td><a href="#sn468">468</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mohlana</td> +<td><a href="#sn94">94</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><em>Molium</em> +</td> +<td><em><a href="#sn767">767</a></em> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mollugo</td> +<td><a href="#sn80">80</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Momordica</td> +<td><a href="#sn163">163</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Monechma</td> +<td><a href="#sn685">685</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Moniera</td> +<td><a href="#sn641">641</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Monochoria</td> +<td><a href="#sn777">777</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Monocymbium</td> +<td><a href="#sn867">867</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Monodora</td> +<td><a href="#sn9">9</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Monotes</td> +<td><a href="#sn181">181</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Monsonia</td> +<td><a href="#sn121">121</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Morelia</td> +<td><a href="#sn479">479</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Morettia</td> +<td><a href="#sn42">42</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Morinda</td> +<td><a href="#sn501">501</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Moringa</td> +<td><a href="#sn39">39</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Moschosma</td> +<td><a href="#sn704">704</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mostuea</td> +<td><a href="#sn423">423</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mucuna</td> +<td><a href="#sn330">330</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mukia</td> +<td><a href="#sn166">166</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mundulea</td> +<td><a href="#sn304">304</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Musa</td> +<td><a href="#sn801">801</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mussænda</td> +<td><a href="#sn474">474</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Naias</td> +<td><a href="#sn736">736</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nasturtium</td> +<td><a href="#sn41">41</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nelsonia</td> +<td><a href="#sn668">668</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Neoboutonia</td> +<td><a href="#sn252">252</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nepeta</td> +<td><a href="#sn718">718</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Neptunia</td> +<td><a href="#sn285">285</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nervilia</td> +<td><a href="#sn809">809</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nesæa</td> +<td><a href="#sn129">129</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Neuracanthus</td> +<td><a href="#sn679">679</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Neurada</td> +<td><a href="#sn264">264</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Neurotheca</td> +<td><a href="#sn590">590</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nicotiana</td> +<td><a href="#sn616">616</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nigella</td> +<td><a href="#sn13">13</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Notonia</td> +<td><a href="#sn565">565</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><span class="pagenum" id="Page_500">[500]</span>Nuxia</td> +<td><a href="#sn424">424</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nymphæa</td> +<td><a href="#sn15">15</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ochna</td> +<td><a href="#sn177">177</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ochradenus</td> +<td><a href="#sn60">60</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ocimum</td> +<td><a href="#sn701">701</a>, <em><a href= +"#sn706">706</a></em></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Octodon</td> +<td><a href="#sn508">508</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Odina</td> +<td><a href="#sn402">402</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Oldenlandia</td> +<td><a href="#sn473">473</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Olea</td> +<td><a href="#sn428">428</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Oligomeris</td> +<td><a href="#sn59">59</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Olyra</td> +<td><a href="#sn924">924</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Omphalogonus</td> +<td><a href="#sn442">442</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Oncoba</td> +<td><a href="#sn148">148</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ophiurus</td> +<td><a href="#sn850">850</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Opilia</td> +<td><a href="#sn369">369</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Oplismenus</td> +<td><a href="#sn879">879</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Opuntia</td> +<td><a href="#sn176">176</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ornithogalum</td> +<td><a href="#sn773">773</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Orobanche</td> +<td><a href="#sn658">658</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Orthosiphon</td> +<td><a href="#sn705">705</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Orygia</td> +<td><a href="#sn79">79</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Oryza</td> +<td><a href="#sn919">919</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Osbeckia</td> +<td><a href="#sn184">184</a>, <em><a href= +"#sn186">186</a></em></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Otomeria</td> +<td><a href="#sn472">472</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Otostegia</td> +<td><a href="#sn720">720</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ottelia</td> +<td><a href="#sn749">749</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ouratea</td> +<td><a href="#sn179">179</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Oxalis</td> +<td><a href="#sn124">124</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Oxyanthus</td> +<td><a href="#sn483">483</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Oxygonum</td> +<td><a href="#sn89">89</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Oxystelma</td> +<td><a href="#sn448">448</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Oxytenanthera</td> +<td><a href="#sn925">925</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Pahudia</td> +<td><a href="#sn273">273</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Palisota</td> +<td><a href="#sn780">780</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Pancratium</td> +<td><a href="#sn789">789</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Pandanus</td> +<td><a href="#sn822">822</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Pandiaka</td> +<td><a href="#sn112">112</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Panicum</td> +<td><a href="#sn880">880</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Pararistolochia</td> +<td><a href="#sn23">23</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Parietaria</td> +<td><a href="#sn358">358</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Parinarium</td> +<td><a href="#sn262">262</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Parkia</td> +<td><a href="#sn279">279</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Parkinsonia</td> +<td><a href="#sn268">268</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Paronychia</td> +<td><a href="#sn92">92</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Paspalidium</td> +<td><a href="#sn875">875</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Paspalum</td> +<td><a href="#sn874">874</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Paullinia</td> +<td><a href="#sn395">395</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Paulo-Wilhelmia</td> +<td><a href="#sn672">672</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Pavetta</td> +<td><a href="#sn498">498</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Pavonia</td> +<td><a href="#sn221">221</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Pegolettia</td> +<td><a href="#sn541">541</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Pennisetum</td> +<td><a href="#sn886">886</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Pentanisia</td> +<td><a href="#sn487">487</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Pentas</td> +<td><a href="#sn471">471</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Pentatropis</td> +<td><a href="#sn456">456</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Peperomia</td> +<td><a href="#sn26">26</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Peponia</td> +<td><a href="#sn157">157</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Periploca</td> +<td><a href="#sn443">443</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Peristrophe</td> +<td><a href="#sn688">688</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Perotis</td> +<td><a href="#sn898">898</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Peucedanum</td> +<td><a href="#sn413">413</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Phagnalon</td> +<td><a href="#sn534">534</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Phaseolus</td> +<td><a href="#sn332">332</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Phaylopsis</td> +<td><a href="#sn673">673</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Phœnix</td> +<td><a href="#sn814">814</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Phragmites</td> +<td><a href="#sn892">892</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Phyllanthus</td> +<td><a href="#sn238">238</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Physalis</td> +<td><a href="#sn609">609</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Phytolacca</td> +<td><a href="#sn95">95</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Picridium</td> +<td><a href="#sn579">579</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Pimpinella</td> +<td><a href="#sn409">409</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Piper</td> +<td><a href="#sn25">25</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Piptadenia</td> +<td><a href="#sn281">281</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Pistia</td> +<td><a href="#sn739">739</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Pittosporum</td> +<td><a href="#sn145">145</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Plantago</td> +<td><a href="#sn597">597</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Platycoryne</td> +<td><a href="#sn813">813</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Platystoma</td> +<td><a href="#sn702">702</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Plectranthus</td> +<td><a href="#sn708">708</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Pleiocarpa</td> +<td><a href="#sn434">434</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Pluchea</td> +<td><a href="#sn531">531</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Plumbago</td> +<td><a href="#sn596">596</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Podostelma</td> +<td><a href="#sn445">445</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Poinciana</td> +<td><a href="#sn267">267</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Polycarpæa</td> +<td><a href="#sn77">77</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Polycarpon</td> +<td><a href="#sn76">76</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Polygala</td> +<td><a href="#sn61">61</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Polygonum</td> +<td><a href="#sn90">90</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Polypogon</td> +<td><a href="#sn894">894</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Polysphæria</td> +<td><a href="#sn489">489</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Popowia</td> +<td><a href="#sn6">6</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Portulaca</td> +<td><a href="#sn87">87</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Potamogeton</td> +<td><a href="#sn735">735</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Potentilla</td> +<td><a href="#sn263">263</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Pouzolzia</td> +<td><a href="#sn359">359</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Premna</td> +<td><a href="#sn697">697</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Priva</td> +<td><a href="#sn694">694</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Prosopis</td> +<td><a href="#sn282">282</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Protea</td> +<td><a href="#sn143">143</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Pseudarthria</td> +<td><a href="#sn318">318</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Pseudocedrela</td> +<td><a href="#sn394">394</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Pseudospondias</td> +<td><a href="#sn403">403</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Psidium</td> +<td><a href="#sn183">183</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Psilotrichum</td> +<td><a href="#sn110">110</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Psophocarpus</td> +<td><a href="#sn335">335</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Psoralea</td> +<td><a href="#sn298">298</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Psorospermum</td> +<td><a href="#sn195">195</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Psychotria</td> +<td><a href="#sn502">502</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Pterocarpus</td> +<td><a href="#sn343">343</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Pulicaria</td> +<td><a href="#sn543">543</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Punica</td> +<td><a href="#sn132">132</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Pupalia</td> +<td><a href="#sn109">109</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Pycnostachys</td> +<td><a href="#sn712">712</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Pycreus</td> +<td><a href="#sn825">825</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Randia</td> +<td><a href="#sn478">478</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ranunculus</td> +<td><a href="#sn12">12</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Raphanus</td> +<td><a href="#sn53">53</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Raphia</td> +<td><a href="#sn815">815</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Raphionacme</td> +<td><a href="#sn441">441</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rauwolfia</td> +<td><a href="#sn433">433</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Reseda</td> +<td><a href="#sn58">58</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rhamphicarpa</td> +<td><a href="#sn653">653</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rhizophora</td> +<td><a href="#sn192">192</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rhus</td> +<td><a href="#sn401">401</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rhynchosia</td> +<td><a href="#sn340">340</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rhynchospora</td> +<td><a href="#sn836">836</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rhytachne</td> +<td><a href="#sn852">852</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ricinus</td> +<td><a href="#sn255">255</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rinorea</td> +<td><a href="#sn56">56</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rogeria</td> +<td><a href="#sn663">663</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Romulea</td> +<td><a href="#sn793">793</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rotala</td> +<td><a href="#sn127">127</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rothia</td> +<td><a href="#sn290">290</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rottbœllia</td> +<td><a href="#sn849">849</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rourea</td> +<td><a href="#sn405a">405a</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rubia</td> +<td><a href="#sn510">510</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rubus</td> +<td><a href="#sn261">261</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ruellia</td> +<td><a href="#sn671">671</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rumex</td> +<td><a href="#sn91">91</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ruta</td> +<td><a href="#sn376">376</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rutidea</td> +<td><a href="#sn500">500</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rytiginia</td> +<td><a href="#sn493">493</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Saccharum</td> +<td><a href="#sn854">854</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sacciolepis</td> +<td><a href="#sn881">881</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Salacia</td> +<td><a href="#sn365">365</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Salix</td> +<td><a href="#sn349">349</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Salsola</td> +<td><a href="#sn101">101</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Salvadora</td> +<td><a href="#sn367">367</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Salvia</td> +<td><a href="#sn717">717</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Samolus</td> +<td><a href="#sn594">594</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sanseviera</td> +<td><a href="#sn757">757</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sarcocephalus</td> +<td><a href="#sn466">466</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sarcostemma</td> +<td><a href="#sn455">455</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Satanocrater</td> +<td><a href="#sn674">674</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sauromatum</td> +<td><a href="#sn740">740</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sauvagesia</td> +<td><a href="#sn180">180</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Schizachyrium</td> +<td><a href="#sn862">862</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Schizoglossum</td> +<td><a href="#sn449">449</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Schmidelia</td> +<td><a href="#sn397">397</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Schmidtia</td> +<td><a href="#sn918">918</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Schœnefeldia</td> +<td><a href="#sn904">904</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Schouwia</td> +<td><a href="#sn48">48</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Schweinfurthia</td> +<td><a href="#sn634">634</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Schwenkia</td> +<td><a href="#sn617">617</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Scilla</td> +<td><a href="#sn772">772</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Scirpus</td> +<td><a href="#sn832">832</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Scleria</td> +<td><a href="#sn837">837</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sclerocarpus</td> +<td><a href="#sn551">551</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sclerocarya</td> +<td><a href="#sn404">404</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Scolymus</td> +<td><a href="#sn575">575</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Scoparia</td> +<td><a href="#sn648">648</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Scrophularia</td> +<td><a href="#sn635">635</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Scutellaria</td> +<td><a href="#sn719">719</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Secamone</td> +<td><a href="#sn444">444</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Securidaca</td> +<td><a href="#sn62">62</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Seddera</td> +<td><a href="#sn626">626</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Seetzenia</td> +<td><a href="#sn120">120</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sehima</td> +<td><a href="#sn843">843</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Semonvillea</td> +<td><a href="#sn83">83</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sempervivum</td> +<td><a href="#sn67">67</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Senebiera</td> +<td><a href="#sn50">50</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Senecio</td> +<td><a href="#sn566">566</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Senra</td> +<td><a href="#sn223">223</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sesamum</td> +<td><a href="#sn664">664</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sesbania</td> +<td><a href="#sn306">306</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Setaria</td> +<td><a href="#sn882">882</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><span class="pagenum" id="Page_501">[501]</span>Sida</td> +<td><a href="#sn216">216</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Siegesbeckia</td> +<td><a href="#sn548">548</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Silene</td> +<td><a href="#sn72">72</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sium</td> +<td><a href="#sn412">412</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sisymbrium</td> +<td><a href="#sn45">45</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Smilax</td> +<td><a href="#sn755">755</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Smithia</td> +<td><a href="#sn313">313</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Solanum</td> +<td><a href="#sn608">608</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Solenostemma</td> +<td><a href="#sn447">447</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sonchus</td> +<td><a href="#sn580">580</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sopubia</td> +<td><a href="#sn655">655</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sorghum</td> +<td><a href="#sn855">855</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sparganophorus</td> +<td><a href="#sn512">512</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Spathodea</td> +<td><a href="#sn660">660</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Spergula</td> +<td><a href="#sn75">75</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Spermacoce</td> +<td><a href="#sn507">507</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sphæranthus</td> +<td><a href="#sn533">533</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sphærocoma</td> +<td><a href="#sn78">78</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sphenoclea</td> +<td><a href="#sn584">584</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sphenostylis</td> +<td><a href="#sn337">337</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Spilanthes</td> +<td><a href="#sn557">557</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sporobolus</td> +<td><a href="#sn899">899</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Stachytarpheta</td> +<td><a href="#sn693">693</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Statice</td> +<td><a href="#sn595">595</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Stemodia</td> +<td><a href="#sn639">639</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Stephania</td> +<td><a href="#sn21">21</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sterculia</td> +<td><a href="#sn210">210</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Stereospermum</td> +<td><a href="#sn661">661</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Stipularia</td> +<td><a href="#sn476">476</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Striga</td> +<td><a href="#sn652">652</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Strychnos</td> +<td><a href="#sn426">426</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Stylochiton</td> +<td><a href="#sn741">741</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Stylosanthes</td> +<td><a href="#sn314">314</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Suæda</td> +<td><a href="#sn102">102</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sutera</td> +<td><a href="#sn637">637</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Swarzia</td> +<td><a href="#sn347">347</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Swertia</td> +<td><a href="#sn592">592</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Synadenium</td> +<td><a href="#sn228">228</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Syzygium</td> +<td><a href="#sn182">182</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tacazzea</td> +<td><a href="#sn440">440</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tacca</td> +<td><a href="#sn778">778</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Talinum</td> +<td><a href="#sn88">88</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tamarindus</td> +<td><a href="#sn275">275</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tamarix</td> +<td><a href="#sn155">155</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tarenna</td> +<td><a href="#sn477">477</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Taverniera</td> +<td><a href="#sn309">309</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Teclea</td> +<td><a href="#sn377">377</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Temnocalyx</td> +<td><a href="#sn495">495</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tephrosia</td> +<td><a href="#sn303">303</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Teramnus</td> +<td><a href="#sn328">328</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Terminalia</td> +<td><a href="#sn188">188</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tetracera</td> +<td><a href="#sn144">144</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Teucrium</td> +<td><a href="#sn724">724</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Thalassia</td> +<td><a href="#sn751">751</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Thalia</td> +<td><a href="#sn798">798</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Thelepogon</td> +<td><a href="#sn842">842</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Themeda</td> +<td><a href="#sn869">869</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Thesium</td> +<td><a href="#sn371">371</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Thespesia</td> +<td><a href="#sn226">226</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Thunbergia</td> +<td><a href="#sn666">666</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tillæa</td> +<td><a href="#sn63">63</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tinnea</td> +<td><a href="#sn723">723</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tinospora</td> +<td><a href="#sn16">16</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Toddalia</td> +<td><a href="#sn377a">377a</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Torenia</td> +<td><a href="#sn645">645</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Trachyphrynium</td> +<td><a href="#sn800">800</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tragia</td> +<td><a href="#sn257">257</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tragus</td> +<td><a href="#sn896">896</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Trapa</td> +<td><a href="#sn135">135</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Treculia</td> +<td><a href="#sn354">354</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Trema</td> +<td><a href="#sn259">259</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Trianthema</td> +<td><a href="#sn86">86</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tribulus</td> +<td><a href="#sn117">117</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tricalysia</td> +<td><a href="#sn485">485</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Trichilia</td> +<td><a href="#sn392">392</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Trichodesma</td> +<td><a href="#sn603">603</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tricholæna</td> +<td><a href="#sn883">883</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Trichoneura</td> +<td><a href="#sn914">914</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Trichopteryx</td> +<td><a href="#sn888">888</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tridactyle</td> +<td><a href="#sn806">806</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Trifolium</td> +<td><a href="#sn296">296</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Trigonella</td> +<td><a href="#sn294">294</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Triplotaxis</td> +<td><a href="#sn516">516</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tripogon</td> +<td><a href="#sn916">916</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tripteris</td> +<td><a href="#sn567">567</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Triraphis</td> +<td><a href="#sn915">915</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tristachya</td> +<td><a href="#sn889">889</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tristemma</td> +<td><a href="#sn187">187</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tristicha</td> +<td><a href="#sn70">70</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tritonia</td> +<td><a href="#sn791">791</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Triumfetta</td> +<td><a href="#sn200">200</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Trochomeria</td> +<td><a href="#sn158">158</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Turræa</td> +<td><a href="#sn388">388</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Typha</td> +<td><a href="#sn738">738</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Umbilicus</td> +<td><a href="#sn66">66</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Uraria</td> +<td><a href="#sn319">319</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Urena</td> +<td><a href="#sn220">220</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Urera</td> +<td><a href="#sn356">356</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Urginea</td> +<td><a href="#sn771">771</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Urochloa</td> +<td><a href="#sn876">876</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Utricularia</td> +<td><a href="#sn659">659</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Uvaria</td> +<td><a href="#sn3">3</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Vahlia</td> +<td><a href="#sn68">68</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Vallisneria</td> +<td><a href="#sn748">748</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Vangueria</td> +<td><a href="#sn491">491</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Verbascum</td> +<td><a href="#sn632">632</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Verbena</td> +<td><a href="#sn695">695</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Verbesina</td> +<td><a href="#sn556">556</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Vernonia</td> +<td><a href="#sn515">515</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Veronica</td> +<td><a href="#sn649">649</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Vetiveria</td> +<td><a href="#sn856">856</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Vicia</td> +<td><a href="#sn322">322</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Vicoa</td> +<td><a href="#sn542">542</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Vigna</td> +<td><a href="#sn333">333</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Viola</td> +<td><a href="#sn54">54</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Vitex</td> +<td><a href="#sn698">698</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Voacanga</td> +<td><a href="#sn436">436</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Voandzeia</td> +<td><a href="#sn334">334</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Vossia</td> +<td><a href="#sn844">844</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Wahlenbergia</td> +<td><a href="#sn583">583</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Waltheria</td> +<td><a href="#sn207">207</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Wedelia</td> +<td><a href="#sn554">554</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Wisneria</td> +<td><a href="#sn732">732</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Wissadula</td> +<td><a href="#sn217">217</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Withania</td> +<td><a href="#sn612">612</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Wolffia</td> +<td><a href="#sn754">754</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Woodfordia</td> +<td><a href="#sn128">128</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Wormskioldia</td> +<td><a href="#sn29">29</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Xanthium</td> +<td><a href="#sn547">547</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><em>Ximenesia</em> +</td> +<td><em><a href="#sn556">556</a></em> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ximenia</td> +<td><a href="#sn368">368</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Xylopia</td> +<td><a href="#sn7">7</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Zea</td> +<td><a href="#sn840">840</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Zehneria</td> +<td><a href="#sn167">167</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Zilla</td> +<td><a href="#sn52">52</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Zizyphus</td> +<td><a href="#sn372">372</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Zornia</td> +<td><a href="#sn316">316</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Zygophyllum</td> +<td><a href="#sn118">118</a> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h2 class="large"><a id="indfam"></a>INDEX TO FAMILY NAMES.</h2> + +<table class="index" id="tindfam"> +<tr> +<td> +</td> +<td><span class="less">PAGE</span> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Acanthaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#acanthace">337</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Alismataceæ</td> +<td><a href="#alismatace">365</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Amarantaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#amarantace">81</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Amaryllidaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#amaryllidace">391</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ampelidaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#vitace">223</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Anacardiaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#anacardiace">233</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Anonaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#anonace">49</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Apocynaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#apocynace">244</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Aponogetonaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#aponogetonace">366</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Aristolochiaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#aristolochiace">54</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Araceæ</td> +<td><a href="#arace">369</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Asclepiadaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#asclepiadace">248</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Balsaminaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#balsaminace">89</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Basellaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#basellace">86</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bignoniaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#bignoniace">334</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bixaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#bixace">96</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Bombacaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#bombacace">124</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Boraginaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#boraginace">302</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Burseraceæ</td> +<td><a href="#burserace">229</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Butomaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#butomace">366</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Cactaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#cactace">106</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Caesalpiniaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#caesalpiniace">160</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Campanulaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#campanulace">299</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Cannabinaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#cannabinace">217</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Capparidaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#capparidace">56</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Caricaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#caricace">105</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Caryophyllaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#caryophyllace">70</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Celastraceæ</td> +<td><a href="#celastrace">218</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ceratophyllaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#ceratophyllace">52</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Chailletiaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#chailletiace">160</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Chenopodiaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#chenopodiace">79</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Cochlospermaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#cochlospermace">96</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Combretaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#combretace">109</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><span class="pagenum" id= +"Page_502">[502]</span>Commelinaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#commelinace">387</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Compositæ</td> +<td><a href="#composit">274</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Connaraceæ</td> +<td><a href="#connarace">236</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Convolvulaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#convolvulace">313</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Crassulaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#crassulace">68</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Cruciferæ</td> +<td><a href="#crucifer">63</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Cucurbitaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#cucurbitace">99</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Cycadaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#cycadace">48</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Cyperaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#cyperace">404</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dilleniaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#dilleniace">96</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dioscoreaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#dioscoreace">385</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Dipterocarpaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#dipterocarpace">107</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Droseraceæ</td> +<td><a href="#droserace">69</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ebenaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#ebenace">238</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Elatinaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#elatinace">70</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ericaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#ericace">238</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Eriocaulaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#eriocaulace">403</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Euphorbiaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#euphorbiace">134</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ficoidaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#ficoidace">74</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Flacourtiaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#flacourtiace">97</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Frankeniaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#frankeniace">98</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Fumariaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#fumariace">56</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gentianaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#gentianace">300</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Geraniaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#geraniace">88</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gnetaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#gnetace">48</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Gramineæ</td> +<td><a href="#gramine">430</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Guttiferæ</td> +<td><a href="#guttifer">117</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Halorrhagaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#halorrhagace">92</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hippocrateaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#hippocrateace">218</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hydnoraceæ</td> +<td><a href="#hydnorace">55</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hydrocharitaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#hydrocharitace">371</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hydrophyllaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#hydrophyllace">302</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Hypericaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#hypericace">116</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Illecebraceæ</td> +<td><a href="#illecebrace">78</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Iridaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#iridace">393</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Labiatæ</td> +<td><a href="#labiat">355</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lemnaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#lemnace">373</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lentibulariaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#lentibulariace">333</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Liliaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#liliace">373</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Linaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#linace">86</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lobeliaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#lobeliace">298</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Loganiaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#loganiace">241</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Loranthaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#loranthace">220</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Lythraceæ</td> +<td><a href="#lythrace">89</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Malvaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#malvace">125</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Marantaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#marantace">395</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Melastomataceæ</td> +<td><a href="#melastomatace">108</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Meliaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#meliace">230</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Menispermaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#menispermace">53</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Mimosaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#mimosace">166</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Molluginaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#molluginace">72</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Moraceæ</td> +<td><a href="#morace">209</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Moringaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#moringace">63</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Musaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#musace">396</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Myrsinaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#myrsinace">240</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Myrtaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#myrtace">107</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Naiadaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#naiadace">367</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nyctaginaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#nyctaginace">94</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nymphaeaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#nymphaeace">52</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ochnaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#ochnace">106</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Olacaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#olacace">220</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Oleaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#oleace">242</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Onagraceæ</td> +<td><a href="#onagrace">91</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Opiliaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#opiliace">220</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Orchidaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#orchidace">396</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Orobanchaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#orobanchace">333</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Oxalidaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#oxalidace">88</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Palmæ</td> +<td><a href="#palm">401</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Pandanaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#pandanace">403</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Papaveraceæ</td> +<td><a href="#papaverace">56</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Papilionaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#papilionace">175</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Passifloraceæ</td> +<td><a href="#passiflorace">98</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Pedaliaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#pedaliace">336</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Phytolaccaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#phytolaccace">78</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Piperaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#piperace">55</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Pittosporaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#pittosporace">96</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Plantaginaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#plantaginace">301</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Plumbaginaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#plumbaginace">301</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Podostemonaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#podostemonace">70</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Polygalaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#polygalace">67</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Polygonaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#polygonace">76</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Pontederiaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#pontederiace">384</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Portulacaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#portulacace">75</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Potamogetonaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#potamogetonace">367</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Primulaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#primulace">301</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Proteaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#proteace">95</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Punicaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#punicace">91</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ranunculaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#ranunculace">51</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Resedaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#resedace">66</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rhamnaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#rhamnace">222</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rhizophoraceæ</td> +<td><a href="#rhizophorace">116</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rosaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#rosace">159</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rubiaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#rubiace">257</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Rutaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#rutace">226</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Salicaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#salicace">209</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Salvadoraceæ</td> +<td><a href="#salvadorace">219</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Samydaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#samydace">97</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Santalaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#santalace">222</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sapindaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#sapindace">232</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sapotaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#sapotace">239</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Saxifragaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#saxifragace">69</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Scrophulariaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#scrophulariace">324</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Simarubaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#simarubace">227</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Solanaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#solanace">308</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sterculiaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#sterculiace">122</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Taccaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#taccace">385</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tamaricaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#tamaricace">98</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Thymelæaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#thymelaeace">92</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Tiliaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#tiliace">117</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Turneraceæ</td> +<td><a href="#turnerace">56</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Typhaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#typhace">368</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Ulmaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#ulmace">158</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Umbelliferæ</td> +<td><a href="#umbellifer">237</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Urticaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#urticace">216</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Verbenaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#verbenace">349</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Violaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#violace">66</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Vitaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#vitace">223</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Zingiberaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#zingiberace">393</a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Zygophyllaceæ</td> +<td><a href="#zygophyllace">86</a> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class="space-above"> +</p> + +<div class="footnotes"> +<h2>FOOTNOTES:</h2> + +<div class="footnote"> +<p><a id="Footnote_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1"><span class= +"label">[1]</span></a>Notes were also drawn at a later date from +“The Useful Plants of Nigeria,” J. H. Holland. Kew Bulletin, +Additional Series.</p> +</div> + +<div class="footnote"> +<p><a id="Footnote_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2"><span class= +"label">[2]</span></a>Macmillan & Co., St. Martin’s St., London, +W.C.2 (1926), 20s. net.</p> +</div> + +<div class="footnote"> +<p><a id="Footnote_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3"><span class= +"label">[3]</span></a>The names used for these three groups are +applied here for the convenience of the student. The “Parietales” +in this sense are not the <em>Parietales</em> of either Bentham & +Hooker or of Engler.</p> +</div> + +<div class="footnote"> +<p><a id="Footnote_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4"><span class= +"label">[4]</span></a>The flowers of this family (which consist of +5 usually free sepals, a 5-lobed corolla, 5 stamens and a pistil of +2 carpels) are peculiar (i) by the <em>coronal</em> lobes, either +free or connate, simple or double at or inside the mouth of the +tube of the corolla; (ii) by the stamens which, although +exceptionally free at the base, are usually connate by the +filaments; these, with the anthers and their appendages forming the +<em>staminal column</em>, but the anthers being free or united to +the dilated part of the style; the anthers are 2, dehiscing by +terminal or lateral slits and are continued on the margins or below +the pollen cells by wing-like processes (<em>anther-wings</em>); +the connectives of the anthers are often produced into membranous +(rarely fleshy or inflated) terminal, sometimes connate appendages, +or apiculate, or unappendaged; (iii) by the pollen which is either +granular or more commonly united into 1 or 2 clavate, waxy masses +or <em>pollinia</em>; (iv) by the pistil which, although consisting +of 2 carpels, is united above into a dilated pentagonal disk; (v) +by the fruit consisting of 2 follicles or by abortion one only, the +seeds being usually numerous, imbricate, somewhat like fish scales, +generally crowned with a tuft of long silky hairs.</p> +</div> + +<div class="footnote"> +<p><a id="Footnote_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5"><span class= +"label">[5]</span></a>Herbs; stems cylindrical or trigonous, solid. +Leaves grass-like, tough, but sheaths (except in <i>Eriospora +Schweinfurthiana</i>) not slit down one side. Infl. umbellate, +capitate or panicled, made up of spikes bearing spikelets composed +of an axis (<em>rhachilla</em>) and of empty or flower-bearing +bracts (<em>glumes</em>). Fl. minute, 1 or 2-sexual, in axils of +glumes. Per. 0, or consisting of 2-6 hypogynous scales or bristles; +sta. 1-3, anthers basifixed; style 2-3 branched, or subentire, base +often thickened; fruit a compressed or 3-gonous nut.</p> +</div> + +<div class="footnote"> +<p><a id="Footnote_6"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6"><span class= +"label">[6]</span></a>Differs from <i>Cyperus</i> by never being +leafless, by disarticulation of (always winged) rhachilla in one +piece above the two lowest empty glumes, and by the spikelets +which, in Cyperus never less than 5 fld., may here be as little as +1 fld. (although at times up to 20 fld.).</p> +</div> +</div> + +<p class="space-above"> +</p> + +<div class="transnote"> +<h2>Transcriber's note:</h2> + +<ul> +<li>Several of the Keys to the families (starting pg. <a href= +"#Page_16">16</a>) have had their key steps marked with letters, in +the style of the Key to the genera of Grasses (pg. <a href= +"#Page_430">430</a>).</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_1">1</a> Changed: male organs of a flowers +to: flower</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_5">5</a> Changed: <span class= +"bold">Gnetaceæ</span> and <span class="bold">Cyacadaceæ</span> to: +<span class="bold">Cycadaceæ</span></li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_5">5</a> Changed: glass-like, transparent or +trunslucent to: translucent</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_10">10</a> Changed: bundles by junction of +filamens to: filaments</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_11">11</a> Changed: generally separate at +muturity to: maturity</li> + +<li><a class="tnoteref" href="#tnote1anchor" id="tnote1"></a>pg +<a href="#Page_12">12</a> From: <span class="bold">stamen</span>, +the ovone male organ of the flower. removed: ovone</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_35">35</a> Changed: Ovules 1-2 in each cell; +corolla lobes inbricate to: imbricate</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_45">45</a> Changed: march or aquatic herbs +to: marsh</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_46">46</a> Changed: <span class= +"bold">Pontederiacæ</span> (part) to: <span class= +"bold">Pontederiaceæ</span></li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_47">47</a> Changed: <span class="bold">Zinziberaceæ</span> +to: <span class="bold">Zingiberaceæ</span></li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_54">54</a> Changed: maroon-coloured, +unilateral, legulate to: ligulate</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_56">56</a> Changed: Borber Desert to: +Berber</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_63">63</a> Changed: BUN—Borun to: Burun</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_63">63</a> Changed: hairs shellate. Pods +subsessile to: stellate</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_65">65</a> Changed: MAHAD, NAMNAM (Egyt) to: +Egypt</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_71">71</a> Changed: <span class="bold">P. +spicata</span> <em>Arnolt.</em> to: <em>Arnott.</em></li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_73">73</a> (Under <span class="bold">Glinus +lotoides</span>) Changed: Bahr El Ghazar Prov. to: Ghazal</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_84">84</a> Changed: <span class= +"bold">Pupalla lappacea</span> <em>Juss.</em> to: <span class= +"bold">Pupalia</span></li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_85">85</a> Changed: terminal, straw-colouerd +to: straw-coloured</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_87">87</a> Changed: <span class= +"bold">Seetzenia africana</span> <em>Br.</em> to: <em>R. +Br.</em></li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_93">93</a> Changed: Bahr El Ghazal Pdov. +(Niamniam-land to: Prov.</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_94">94</a> (Under <span class="bold">B. +[Boerhaavia] repens var. diffusa</span>) Changed: Fung. Prov. +(Fazowhli) to: Fazoghli</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_102">102</a> Changed: KHIAR—Arabfl to: +Arab.</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_105">105</a> Changed: <span class= +"bold">Cucurbita maxima</span> <em>Dushesne.</em> to: +<em>Duchesne.</em></li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_108">108</a> Changed: Jebel (Madi); Bahr El +Grazal to: Ghazal</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_111">111</a> Changed: broadly lanceolate or +elliptic accuminate to: acuminate</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_129">129</a> Changed: <span class= +"bold">Kosteletzkya adoenis</span> <em>Hochst.</em> to: +<span class="bold">adoensis</span></li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_133">133</a> Changed: <span class= +"bold">Cienfugosia digitata</span> <em>Cav.</em> to: <span class= +"bold">Cienfuegosia</span></li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_133">133</a> Changed: <span class="bold">G. +obtusiolium</span> Roxb. to: <span class= +"bold">obtusifolium</span></li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_149">149</a> Changed: Male fl. calx 5-lobed +valvate to: calyx</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_153">153</a> (Under <span class="bold">A. +[Acalypha] villicaulis</span>) Changed: styles 3, lacinate to: +laciniate</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_155">155</a> <span class="bold">A. +cordata</span> <em>Benth.</em> formatted as a synonim instead: +<i>A. cordata</i> Benth.</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_160">160</a> At the end of: <span class= +"bold">Parkinsonia aculeata</span> <em>Linn.</em> SESABAN (wrongly +named)— added: Arab.</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_166">166</a> Changed: <span class="bold">P. +filicoida</span> <em>Welw.</em> to: <span class= +"bold">filicoidea</span></li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_167">167</a> Changed: <span class= +"bold">Piptadenia africana</span> <em>Hook.</em> to: <em>Hook. +f.</em></li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_170">170</a> Changed: Flowers globose, +yellow, about 1 lin. diam. to: 1 in. diam.</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_173">173</a> Changed: <span class="bold">A. +hecataphylla</span> <em>Steud.</em> to: <span class= +"bold">hecatophylla</span></li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_178">178</a> Changed: Pod silky, unde ½ in. +to: under</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_179">179</a> "White Nile Prov. (J. +Arashkol)." moved from right under <span class="bold">C. +goreensis</span> to two lines above, under <span class="bold">C. +podocarpa</span></li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_180">180</a> Changed: <span class= +"bold">Argyroiobium abyssinicum</span> <em>Jaub.</em> & +<em>Spach.</em> to: <span class="bold">Argyrolobium</span></li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_188">188</a> Changed: <span class="bold">I. +[Indigofera] tripoides</span> Baker. to: <span class= +"bold">tritoides</span></li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_189">189</a> Changed: <span class= +"bold">Biserula Pelecinus L.</span> <em>Hochst.</em> to: +<span class="bold">Biserula Pelecinus</span> <em>L.</em></li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_198">198</a> Changed: Dongolo Prov. +(Cultivated). to: Dongola</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_202">202</a> Changed: Leaflets 3, cenral +roundish to: central</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_212">212</a> Changed: grabrous. Receptacle +not known to: glabrous</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_216">216</a> Changed: 3-8 in. long, coriceous +to: coriaceous</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_221">221</a> Changed: young parts +rusty-tomotose to: rusty-tomentose</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_222">222</a> Changed: usually one straight +and one ecurved to: recurved</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_230">230</a> Changed: <span class= +"bold">Turræa Vogellii</span> <em>Hook. f.</em> to: <span class= +"bold">Vogelii</span></li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_255">255</a> Changed: Rd Sea, Kassala & +Kordofan to: Red</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_267">267</a> Changed: Fozoghli and Abu Sugra +to: Fazoghli</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_274">274</a> Changed: Leaves vertillate, +ovate, cordate to: verticillate</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_281">281</a> Changed: Bahr El Jebel (Sudd 8° +40 in.) to: (Sudd 8° 40″)</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_282">282</a> Changed: Kordofan Prof. (J. Um +Darrag) to: Prov.</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_291">291</a> Changed: few minute or more +usally wanting to: usually</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_299">299</a> Changed: <span class="bold">L. +[Lobelia] trievarchi</span> <em>R. Good.</em> to: <span class= +"bold">trierarchi</span></li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_300">300</a> Changed: <span class= +"bold">GENTIAMACEÆ</span> to: <span class= +"bold">GENTIANACEÆ</span></li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_319">319</a> Changed: petioles and penduncles +winged to: peduncles</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_353">353</a> (Under <span class="bold">C. +[Clerodendron] cordifolium</span>) switched the positions of the +line starting with "white, tube ⅔ in. long" and the line starting +with "6,000 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov."</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_360">360</a> Changed: <span class= +"bold">Lavandula pubescens</span> <em>Dene.</em> to: +<em>Decne.</em></li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_361">361</a> Changed: <span class= +"bold">Salvia nudicalis</span> <em>Vahl.</em> to: <span class= +"bold">nudicaulis</span></li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_374">374</a> (Under <span class="bold">A. +[Asparagus] africanus</span>) Changed: Bash El Jebel to: Bahr</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_376">376</a> Changed: <span class= +"bold">Asphodelus fistulosus</span> <em>Linn.</em> <span class= +"bold">var. tenufolius</span> <em>Baker.</em> to: <span class= +"bold">tenuifolius</span></li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_402">402</a> Changed: somtimes spiny tendril +to: sometimes</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_406">406</a> Changed: North Khordofan Prov. +to: Kordofan</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_410">410</a> Changed: Spikelets many in dense +heads, dusky or brown, 10-30 fid. to: 10-30 fld.</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_437">437</a> Changed: 903 <span class= +"bold">Leplochloa</span> to: <span class= +"bold">Leptochloa</span></li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_460">460</a> Changed: <span class="bold">E. +pyrmidalis</span> <em>Hitchcock</em> and <em>Chase.</em> to: +<span class="bold">pyramidalis</span></li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_463">463</a> Changed: 81 <span class= +"bold">Sacciolepis ciliocincta</span> to: 881</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_464">464</a> (Under <span class="bold">S. +[Sacciolepis] micrococca</span>) Changed: Spikelets crowded, +swollen, ¼-in. to: 1/24 in.<br> +(Cf. R. Massey <em>Sudan grasses</em>, 1926)</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_466">466</a> Changed: loose panicle up to 6 +in. land to: 6 in. long</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_468">468</a> (Under <span class="bold">P. +[Pennisetum] ovale</span>) Changed: Uper White Nile Prov. to: +Upper</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_481">481</a> (Under <span class= +"bold">Eleusine indica</span>) Changed: Spikelets 1/8-1/16 in. long +to: 1/8-1/6</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_489">489</a> Changed: Rikan to: Rihan</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_493">493</a> Changed: Akhalkuala to: +Aknalkuala</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_497">497</a> Changed: Antephora to: +Anthephora</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_497">497</a> Changed: Cienfugosia to: +Cienfuegosia</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_498">498</a> Changed: Enarthocarpus to: +Enarthrocarpus</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_498">498</a> Changed: Erpthrophlæum to: +Erythrophlæum</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_498">498</a> Changed: Farsettia to: +Farsetia</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_499">499</a> Changed: Legenaria to: +Lagenaria</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_500">500</a> Changed: Pantatropis to: +Pentatropis</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_502">502</a> Changed: Halorraghaceæ to: +Halorrhagaceæ</li> + +<li>pg <a href="#Page_502">502</a> Changed: Scrophularaceæ to: +Scrophulariaceæ</li> + +<li>Minor changes in punctuation have been done silently.</li> + +<li>Other spelling inconsistencies have been left unchanged.</li> +</ul> +</div> +<div style='text-align:center'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 75659 ***</div> +</body> +</html> + diff --git a/75659-h/images/cover.jpg b/75659-h/images/cover.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..47dffec --- /dev/null +++ b/75659-h/images/cover.jpg |
