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diff --git a/75659-0.txt b/75659-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..516c088 --- /dev/null +++ b/75659-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,40768 @@ + +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 75659 *** + + FLORA OF THE SUDAN + + + Flora of the Sudan + + BY + A. F. BROUN, + _Formerly Director of Woods and Forests_, + + AND + + R. E. MASSEY, + _Government Botanist_. + + _With a Conspectus of Groups of Plants and Artificial Key to Families_ + + BY + J. HUTCHINSON, F.L.S., + ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW. + + * * * * * + _Published with the consent of the Sudan Government._ + * * * * * + + Obtainable from + THE CONTROLLER, SUDAN GOVERNMENT OFFICE, + WELLINGTON HOUSE, BUCKINGHAM GATE, + LONDON, S.W.I. + PRICE P.T. 50 or 10/- + 1929. + + + MADE IN ENGLAND + BY + THOMAS MURBY & CO., 1, FLEET LANE, LONDON, E.C.4. + + + + + CONTENTS + + + PAGE + + PREFACE vii + + ABBREVIATIONS x + + GLOSSARY OF BOTANICAL TERMS 1 + + CONSPECTUS OF PRINCIPAL GROUPS OF PLANTS AS ARRANGED + IN THIS FLORA 15 + + KEY TO THE FAMILIES OF DICOTYLEDONES 16 + + KEY TO THE FAMILIES OF MONOCOTYLEDONES 45 + + SYSTEMATIC ENUMERATION OF FAMILIES, GENERA AND SPECIES:— + + Gymnospermæ 48 + + Angiospermæ:— + + Dicotyledones 49 + + Monocotyledones 365 + + INDEXES TO NATIVE NAMES:— + + Arabic Names 486 + + Hadendowa „ 490 + + Rashida „ 491 + + Nuba „ 491 + + Dinka „ 492 + + Jur „ 493 + + Golo „ 493 + + Bari „ 494 + + Hameg „ 494 + + Nuer „ 495 + + Shilluk „ 495 + + Burun „ 495 + + Bongo „ 495 + + Zande „ 495 + + Krej „ 496 + + Indogo „ 496 + + Tuku-Tuku „ 496 + + Kaliko „ 496 + + Makraka „ 496 + + INDEX TO GENERIC NAMES 496 + + INDEX TO FAMILY NAMES 501 + + + + + PREFACE + + +In the Appendix of his Report on the Forests of the Sudan, published in +1901, Mr. C. E. Muriel, of the Imperial Indian Forest Service, gave a +list of the more common trees and shrubs and of a few other plants, +together with short descriptions and statements on their uses and +economic value, also their Arabic and, where possible, the Hameg names. + +At the end of that year the Sudan Government gave me the appointment of +Director of Woods and Forests. At that time only few of the volumes of +the Flora of Tropical Africa had appeared and the earliest ones were +already antiquated. During the numerous journeys taken by me in various +parts of the Sudan, my wife and I were able to collect a large number of +plants, making at the same time notes of their names in various +languages of the Sudan, and their economic and other uses. I also +received considerable help, as regards Golo names, from the late Mr. S. +Skirmunt, then Deputy Inspector of Forests in the Bahr el Ghazal +Province. By 1906 I had gathered sufficient material both from my trips +and from the Kew Herbarium to draw up a rough “Catalogue of Sudan +Flowering Plants,” giving short descriptions, a number of vernacular +names and some economic and other uses, many of which were obtained from +Watt’s Dictionary of Economic Products.[1] As it was somewhat hastily +got up it was printed by the Sudan Government not for general +circulation, but for the use of Sudan officials only. + +During the years which followed, up to my retirement in 1910, I was able +to add to the list a considerable number of names both scientific and +vernacular. I am indebted for the help I received, as regards Kordofan +plants, to Mr. H. B. MacMichael, of the Sudan Civil Service, and, as +regards the Red Sea littoral, to Mr. Cyril Crossland, at that time +Marine Biologist to the Sudan Government. + +After my retirement Mr. R. E. Massey was appointed, in 1912, Sudan +Government Botanist, and I had the good fortune of securing his co- +operation in bringing out a more complete Catalogue of the Flowering +Plants of the Sudan. Mr. Massey, by his presence on the spot, and by his +technical knowledge, has been able to give to the present Catalogue a +greater completeness and finish than I should have been capable of +unaided; he was also able to get further assistance from other persons +in the Sudan. He particularly and gratefully acknowledges the help he +received from Mrs. Crowfoot, wife of Mr. J. W. Crowfoot, Director of +Education, in a variety of ways, such as collections of plants, +Hadendowa and other vernacular names, and drawings and paintings of +plants. A number of Dinka and Shilluk names were also given by Mr. H. C. +Jackson, of the Sudan Civil Service, and Nuer names by the late Major +Stigand. A collection of plants of the Burun country, with their +vernacular names, was received from Dr. Kamar, of the Egyptian Army, a +further collection by Mr. Sillitoe, superintendent of Gardens, Khartoum, +from the Lado District, and one from Admiral Lynes, C.B., C.M.G., in +Darfur, mostly in the region of the range of mountains, called Jebel +Marra, which attains an elevation of over 10,000 ft., and bears a flora +quite distinct from all other parts of the Sudan. + +The Catalogue was at first compiled without any descriptive matter, but +Mr. R. Hewison, Director of Agriculture and Forests, Sudan Government, +speaking on behalf of that Government, which is defraying the costs of +printing this book, expressed an opinion that it would be more useful to +officials in the Sudan if short descriptions were added. In order, +therefore, to supply these as quickly as possible we depended very +largely on descriptions in the Flora of Tropical Africa, which we +shortened considerably. My wife and I worked this out as far as and +including the Cyperaceæ, and Mr. Massey undertook to do the grasses, +part only of which have as yet appeared in the Flora. He desires to +acknowledge the aid received from Mr. C. E. Hubbard in the preparation +of the key to the Grasses. Mr. J. Hutchinson kindly helped us with +plants in the Kew Herbarium which have not been described in the Flora. +But a further acknowledgment is due to Mr. Hutchinson. He has regrouped +the Natural Orders according to the system described in his recent book, +_The Families of Flowering Plants, I. Dicotyledons_,[2] and has also +furnished a key to the Classification, thus bringing this book into line +with all the African Regional Floras which are to be taken in hand. He +has also consented to look over the proofs. Our most cordial thanks are +due for his help. + +My wife has been constantly associated with me in my share of the work +from the time when we collected material in the Sudan until now, and +deserves also to earn her share of whatever credit may be given for this +work. + +Finally, I wish to record the debt of gratitude which we owe to Dr. +Hill, Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, to Mr. Cotton, the +Keeper of the Herbarium, to Dr. Stapf, the late Keeper, and to the Staff +of the Herbarium, most particularly Mr. C. H. Wright, Mr. Dunn, Miss +Hughes, and Mr. Skan for the numerous acts of kindness and help which +they have given us, making thus our work light and pleasant. + + A. F. BROUN. + +“OAKLANDS,” + + AMPTHILL, + + _Dec. 18th,_ 1925. + + +Note.—Owing to various causes, for which we are not responsible, the +printing of this book has been considerably delayed. Mrs. Crowfoot, to +whom reference has been made above, is now bringing out a companion +volume to this, containing drawings of various plants from the Northern +and Central Sudan. + +My dear wife, who shared all my work, died on the 11th April, 1927. + + A. F. BROUN. + +AMPTHILL, + + _March 20th,_ 1928. + + + + + ABBREVIATIONS. + + + ab. stands for about + + acumin. „ „ acuminate + + alt. „ „ alternate + + anth. „ „ anther or anthers + + artic. „ „ articulate + + cal. „ „ calyx + + capit. „ „ capitulum + + caps. „ „ capsule + + cm. „ „ centimetre + + cor. „ „ corolla + + diam. „ „ diameter + + excl. „ „ excluding + + filam. „ „ filament or filaments + + fl. „ „ flower or flowers + + fld. „ „ flowered + + fol. „ „ foliolate + + foll. „ „ follicle or follicles + + fr. „ „ fruit or fruits + + ft. „ „ foot or feet + + hermaphr. „ „ hermaphrodite + + heterog. „ „ heterogamous + + homog. „ „ homogamous + + hypog. „ „ hypogynous + + in. „ „ inch or inches + + incl. „ „ including + + infl. „ „ inflorescence + + interpet. „ „ interpetiolar + + invol. „ „ involucre + + l. „ „ leaf or leaves + + lanc. „ „ lanceolate + + lin. „ „ linear + + obl. „ „ oblong + + obov. „ „ obovate + + opp. „ „ opposite + + pan. „ „ panicle or panicles + + ped. „ „ peduncle or peduncles + + pedic. „ „ pedicel or pedicels + + per. „ „ perianth + + pet. „ „ petiole or petioles + + rac. „ „ raceme or racemes + + recept. „ „ receptacle + + segm. „ „ segment or segments + + st. or sta. „ „ stamen or stamens + + stip. „ „ stipule or stipules + + suborbic. „ „ suborbicular + + undershr. „ „ undershrub + + + + + GLOSSARY OF BOTANICAL TERMS + + +=abruptly pinnate=, when the leaflets are arranged in pairs along the +rhachis of a compound leaf without a terminal one. + +=acaulescent=, without stem or apparently so. + +=accrescent=, applied to a calyx or corolla, enlarging after flowering. + +=achene=, a dry indehiscent, one-seeded fruit. + +=acicular=, needle-like. + +=aculeate=, prickly and pointed. + +=acuminate=, narrowed at the apex into a long point. + +=acute=, tapering to a sharp point. + +=-adelphous=, suffix used to show the number of bundles of stamens there +are in a flower where these are joined by their filaments; see +=monadelphous=, =diadelphous=, =polyadelphous=. + +=adhesion=, the union of dissimilar parts of a flower, _e.g._, calyx and +ovary. + +=adnate=, attached through their whole length, usually the smaller to +the greater. + +=adpressed=, see =appressed=. + +=æstivation=, the arrangement of sepals and petals in bud. + +=agglomerate=, crowded together in a bunch. + +=alternate=, applied to leaves when only one issues from each node and +the next above or below is on another side of the stem. + +=amplexicaul=, when a leaf, stipule or bract embraces the stem. + +=ampulliform=, flask-shaped. + +=andrœcium=, the male organs of a flower, considered as a whole. + +=-androus=, suffix used to show the number of stamens, _e.g._, +pentandrous, with 5 stamens. + +=annual=, a plant which lives only one year. + +=anterior=, in front. + +=anther=, the upper part of a stamen, bearing pollen. + +=anticous=, foremost. + +=apetalous=, flowers without petals. + +=apex=, the tip. + +=apiculate=, with a small hard point at the tip. + +=appressed=, pressed close to something else. + +=aril= or =arillus=, a fleshy covering of some seeds. + +=aristate=, when the point of a leaf is fine like a hair. + +=articulate=, jointed and separating freely. + +=ascending=, sloping upwards. + +=auricles=, appendages at the base of the leaf-blade. + +=awn=, a thread-like extension of a seed or other organ (as in barley). + +=axil=, the angle formed at the attachment of a leaf or a flower to the +stem. + +=axillary=, arising from the axil. + +=axile=, of ovules when attached to the central axis of the ovary. + +=barren=, when a flower produces no seed or pollen. + +=basifixed=, when an anther is attached by its base to the filament. + +=berry=, a pulpy fruit containing one or several seeds. + +=biennial=, a plant living for two years only. + +=bifid=, 2-cleft. + +=bipinnate=, when the divisions of a pinnate leaf are again pinnate +(_e.g._ =Acacia=). + +=bipinnatifid=, when the segments of a pinnatifid leaf are also +pinnately lobed. + +=bipinnatipartite=, when the segments of a pinnatipartite leaf are also +deeply and pinnately lobed. + +=biternate=, when the parts of a ternate leaf are also ternately +divided. + +=blade= (or =lamina=), the upper, usually broader part of a leaf. + +=bract=, a small leaf, usually differing from foliage leaves in shape or +colour, at the base of a flower stalk; also the divisions of an +involucre. + +=bracteoles=, the last minute bracts under each flower. + +=bud=, a leaf or flower before it opens. + +=bulb=, a modified, usually underground stem, more or less globose in +shape, clothed with succulent leaves or scales (_e.g._, the =Onion=). + +=caducous=, falling off early. + +=calyptrate=, with hood-like covering on flower or fruit. + +=calyx=, the outer envelope of a flower, made up of sepals. + +=campanulate=, bell-shaped. + +=cancellate=, resembling a grill, or latticed. + +=canescent=, hoary. + +=capillary=, hair-like, very fine. + +=capitate=, arranged in a head. + +=capitulum= or =head=, when several sessile (or nearly so) flowers are +collected into a compact head-like cluster at the end of the axis. + +=capsule=, a dry dehiscent seed-vessel composed of 2 or more carpels and +usually containing several seeds. + +=carpel=, the leaf of one of the leaves forming the ovary. + +=caudate=, produced at the apex into a long, tail-like appendage. + +=cauline=, growing from the stem. + +=cell=, a unit of plant growth, also a subdivision of the ovary, _e.g._, +5-celled ovary. + +=ciliate=, fringed with long hairs. + +=circinate=, rolled up like the top of a bishop’s crozier. + +=cirrhate=, with curled or forked tendrils. + +=cladode=, a flattened branch taking on the appearance and functions of +a leaf (_e.g._, =Asparagus=). + +=clavate=, club-shaped, _i.e._, cylindrical, but getting broader at the +apex. + +=claw=, the narrowed base of a petal. + +=club-shaped=, see =clavate=. + +=coccus=, 1-seeded carpel of a dehiscent fruit. + +=column=, applied to stamens and style when confluent, as in +=Asclepiadaceæ= and =Orchidaceæ=. + +=compound inflorescence=, when an inflorescence, such as a =raceme=, +=umbel=, etc., is subdivided into subsidiary inflorescences, and forms a +=panicle=, =compound umbel=, etc. + +=compound leaf=, when a leaf is divided into segments right down to the +midrib, so that each segment forms an individual =leaflet= which can +drop off by itself at the fall of the leaves. + +=connate=, when two or more like-parts of a flower are united. + +=connective=, the portion of the anther which unites the two cells. + +=connivent=, converging. + +=cordate=, heart-shaped, _i.e._, of a leaf, with 2 rounded basal lobes +and ovate, unless otherwise mentioned. + +=coriaceous=, thick and tough, like leather. + +=corm=, a bulb-shaped solid underground stem, in which reserve material +is stored. + +=corolla=, the inner envelope of a flower (not always present), made up +of petals. + +=corona=, a crown-like excrescence between corolla and stamens. + +=corymb=, a raceme, the lower pedicels of which are gradually lengthened +so as to bring all its flowers on the same level. + +=costate=, ribbed. + +=cotyledon=, one of the (or the) first seed-leaves. + +=crenate=, with rounded teeth. + +=crenulate=, with small rounded teeth. + +=culm=, the stem of =Bamboos=. + +=cuneate=, wedge-shaped. + +=cuspidate=, tipped with a sharp point. + +=cyme=, an inflorescence in which the flowers are produced centrifugally +on successive lateral axes. + +=deciduous=, applied to plants whose leaves are all shed at a certain +season of the year. + +=decompound=, several times subdivided or compound, applied to leaves or +inflorescence. + +=decumbent=, spreading horizontally, then turning upwards. + +=decurrent=, applied to leaves, the margins of which run down the stem +below the insertion of the petiole. + +=decussate=, when leaves are in pairs successively at right angles to +each other on the stem. + +=dehiscent=, splitting (of fruits to let out the seeds). + +=dentate=, dog-toothed, _i.e._, with teeth of equal sides. + +=denticulate=, finely dog-toothed. + +=diadelphous=, of stamens when they are joined by their filaments into +two groups, _e.g._, some of the =Papilionaceæ=. + +=diandrous=, with 2 stamens. + +=dichotomous=, applied to a stem, branch or inflorescence which forks +again and again. + +=dicotyledons=, with two seed-leaves. + +=didymous=, divided into two lobes, in pairs. + +=didynamous=, with two long and two short stamens. + +=diffuse=, widely and loosely spreading. + +=digitate=, applied to a compound leaf, the leaflets of which spread +like the fingers of a hand. + +=diœcious=, of plants the stamens of which are in flowers on one +individual and the ovary and style on another. + +=disc= or =disk=, the receptacle on which are set flowers in a +capitulum, as in =Compositæ=, or at the base of the ovary within the +flower. + +=disc-florets=, the regular tubular florets of certain =Compositæ=, +which, if accompanied by ligulate florets, occupy the centre of the +disc, while the latter are on the rim and called ray-florets. + +=distichous=, arranged in the same plane, _i.e._, at two right angles to +each other. + +=divaricate=, widely spreading. + +=drupe=, a fleshy indehiscent fruit containing a “stone” in which the +seed is enclosed. + +=echinate=, covered with prickles, like a hedgehog. + +=elliptical=, shaped like an ellipse, oval. + +=emarginate=, notched, usually at the apex of a leaf or petal. + +=ensiform=, sword-shaped. + +=entire=, applied to the margin of a leaf which is not toothed or +notched. + +=epicalyx=, applied to a row of bracts, sometimes joined together, +outside the calyx, _e.g._, some of the =Malvaceæ=. + +=epigynous=, apparently seated upon the ovary. + +=epipetalous=, applied to stamens seated on the petals. + +=epiphyte=, a plant which grows on another without being parasitic, +_e.g._, some =Orchids=. + +=evergreen=, applied chiefly to shrubs and trees which bear leaves all +the year round. + +=exserted=, protruding, applied chiefly to stamens which show outside +the flower. + +=exstipulate=, having no stipules. + +=extra-axillary=, from outside the axil. + +=falcate=, scythe- or sickle-shaped. + +=fascicled= or =fasciculate=, in bundles or tufts. + +=fastigiate=, with parallel erect clustered branches. + +=fertile=, capable of bearing fruit, applied also to stamens bearing +pollen. + +=-fid=, a suffix, meaning split, _e.g._, =bifid=, split in two, +=trifid=, split in three, etc. + +=filament=, the stalk of a stamen. + +=filiform=, thread-like. + +=fimbriate=, with a fringed margin. + +=flabellate= or =flabelliform=, fan-shaped. + +=flexuose=, bent alternately to right and to left. + +=floccose=, with tufts of wool. + +=foliaceous=, having the appearance or texture of leaves. + +=follicle=, a carpel opening at the inner suture only, _e.g._, some +=Asclepiadiaceæ= and =Apocynaceæ=. + +=-foliolate=, used to denote the number of leaflets, _e.g._, +=trifoliolate=, with 3 leaflets, etc. + +=free=, not united. + +=fruticose=, shrubby. + +=fugaceous=, falling off early. + +=funicle=, the stalk attaching the seed to the placenta. + +=fusiform=, spindle-shaped. + +=gamopetalous=, when all the petals of a corolla are united. + +=gamophyllous=, when the leaves of a perianth are joined together. + +=gamosepalous=, when the sepals of a calyx are joined together. + +=geminate=, in pairs. + +=gibbous=, swollen or humped on one side. + +=glabrate=, almost hairless. + +=glabrous=, smooth, without hairs. + +=gland=, an organ of secretion, represented by a small lump, which is +sometimes stalked and called a =stipitate= gland. + +=glandular hairs= are hairs which are enlarged at the top and contain a +viscous secretion. + +=glaucous=, with a bluish waxy bloom. + +=glochidiate=, applied to hairs or bristles hooked at the top. + +=glume= is one of the bracts enclosing the flowers of sedges and +grasses. + +=glumule=, the bract which forms the exterior covering of each flower of +a spikelet in grasses. + +=granular=, covered with numerous minute excrescences. + +=gymnosperms=, plants whose ovules are naked, _i.e._, not enclosed in +carpels, _e.g._, =Gnetaceæ= and =Cycadaceæ=. + +=gynæcium=, the female organs of a flower. + +=gynobasic=, of a style when it arises at or near the base of the ovary, +_e.g._, =Labiatæ=. + +=gynophore=, applied to the receptacle below the ovary when elongated +and stalk-like. + +=-gynous=, suffix used to show the number of carpels in an ovary, +_e.g._, trigynous, with 3 carpels. + +=habit=, the habitual shape of a plant as it stands. + +=habitat=, the locality which a plant selects for growing in on account +of suitability of climate, soil, elevation, etc., etc. + +=hastate=, halberd-shaped, applied to leaves the basal lobes of which +are pointed and turned outwards at right angles to the axis of the leaf. + +=head=, see =capitulum=. + +=herbaceous=, tender and green, not woody. + +=hermaphrodite=, applied to flowers having both male and female organs. + +=hilum=, a scar on a seed showing the place of its attachment to the +fruit. + +=hirsute=, with long, rough hairs. + +=hispid=, with stiff hairs or bristles. + +=hoary=, with short white hairs or down. + +=hyaline=, glass-like, transparent or translucent. + +=hypocrateriform=, salver-shaped, applied to a corolla when it expands +in a flat manner. + +=hypogynous=, applied to a flower, the sepals, petals and the stamens of +which arise beneath the pistil. + +=imbricate=, overlapping like the tiles of a roof. + +=imparipinnate=, pinnate with an uneven number of leaflets. + +=indefinite=, without fixed number, usually meaning a large number (of +sepals, petals, stamens, etc.). + +=indehiscent=, applied to fruits which do not split to allow the seed to +escape. + +=inferior=, applied to an ovary means that it is enclosed in and +adherent to the calyx. + +=inflorescence=, the manner in which flowers are arranged on a plant. + +=infundibuliform=, funnel-shaped. + +=internode=, the portion of a stem between the point of attachment of +two successive leaves, if alternate leaves, or pairs of leaves, if they +are opposite. + +=interrupted=, when applied to an inflorescence means that portion of +the axis bears no flowers although there are some both above and below. + +=involucel=, the involucre of a secondary umbel. + +=involucre=, a whorl of bracts, sometimes united and sometimes in +several rows below an inflorescence or an individual flower. + +=involute=, rolled from the back, _e.g._, towards the upper surface of a +leaf. + +=irregular=, applied to a flower which cannot be divided into two equal +sections in whatever direction from above it is cut. + +=-jugate=, in pairs, _e.g._, bijugate in 2 pairs, trijugate in 3 pairs, +multijugate in many pairs, etc. + +=keel=, the (more or less) united two lower petals in =Papilionaceæ=; +also applied to straight longitudinal nerves on bracts, sepals or +petals. + +=labiate=, lipped, referring to the shape of the corolla or perianth. + +=laciniate=, cut about, ragged, applied to leaves, the lobes of which +are narrow and irregular. + +=lamina=, the blade or broad part of a leaf. + +=lanceolate=, lance-shaped, applied to leaves about three times longer +than broad, broadest below the middle and tapering to the apex. + +=latex=, milky sap. + +=leaflet=, a subdivision of a compound leaf, _q.v._ + +=legume=, the seed-vessel of =Leguminosæ=, 1-celled and 2-valved. + +=lepidote=, covered with small scurfy scales. + +=ligulate=, strap-shaped. + +=ligule=, a kind of stipule embracing the stem of grasses where the +sheath gives way to the blade of the leaf. + +=ligulifloræ=, a section of the =Compositæ=, the florets of which in a +head have all a strap-shaped corolla. + +=limb=, the broader part of a leaf, but more commonly the broader part +of the corolla above the tube, where it expands. + +=linear=, narrow and long with parallel margins. + +=lip=, a long more or less pendent corolla lobe or petal as in +=Labiatæ=, =Orchidaceæ=, etc. + +=lobes=, the divisions of a simple leaf or calyx or corolla or fruit. + +=lobulate=, having minute lobes. + +=-locular=, divided into compartments or cells, _e.g._, trilocular = +3-celled. + +=lodicules=, hyaline or fleshy nerveless scales in grasses, representing +the perianth of the flower. + +=lunate=, crescent-shaped. + +=lyrate=, applied to a pinnatifid leaf with a broader rounded terminal +lobe and smaller, shorter ones below, _e.g._, some =Cruciferæ= and +=Compositæ=. + +=marcescent=, withering on the plant without falling off, _e.g._, the +flower of =Dombeya=. + +=membranous=, thin and not stiff. + +=-merous=, used to show the numbers of parts in each floral envelope, +_e.g._, trimerous, having 3 sepals, 3 petals (if any), 3 stamens, and +(or) 3 carpels. + +=monadelphous=, when all the stamens are joined by their filaments, thus +forming a sheath round the ovary, _e.g._, =Malvaceæ=, some =Leguminosæ=, +etc. + +=monandrous=, with one stamen. + +=moniliform=, or beaded, repeatedly constricted, _e.g._, the pod of +=Acacia arabica=. + +=monocotyledon=, having only one seed-leaf, _e.g._, =Palms=, =Grasses=, +=Sedges=, =Lilies=, etc. + +=monœcious=, a plant having separate male and female flowers on the same +individual, see =diœcious=. + +=mucronate=, terminating abruptly in a short stiff point or =mucro=. + +=multifid=, divided distinctly into many parts. + +=multipartite=, divided deeply into many parts. + +=multisect=, divided so deeply into many parts that the individual parts +are practically divided off. + +=muricate=, covered with short, sharp protuberances. + +=naked=, applied to a flower means that it has no calyx or corolla, +applied to a seed that it has no pericarp. + +=-nate=, a suffix showing that 2 or more leaves, etc., are together, +_e.g._, binate, 2 together, ternate, in a whorl of 3, etc. + +=nectary=, an organ secreting sugary fluid within the flower. + +=node=, the point of attachment of a leaf to a stem. + +=nodose=, applied to roots and stems swollen at intervals, knotted. + +=nut=, a dry indehiscent fruit with a hard woody pericarp. + +=ob-=, a prefix which used with terms denoting shape (excepting oblong) +means that the shape is inverted; _e.g._, =oblanceolate= or =obovate= +applied to a leaf mean that the broader part of the leaf is towards the +apex as if it had been inverted, =obcordate= inverted heart-shaped, with +the lobes at the apex. + +=oblong=, elongated elliptic. + +=obtuse=, blunt. + +=ochrea=, a membranous sheath, _e.g._, some =Polygonaceæ=. + +=opposite=, applied to leaves means that these are inserted in pairs, +one leaf on either side of the stem. + +=orbicular=, round, circular. + +=organ=, every part of a plant which has a distinct function to perform. + +=ostiole=, small aperture as, _e.g._, into the receptacle in =Ficus=. + +=oval=, of the same shape as the mathematical figure. + +=ovary=, one or more carpels enclosing one or more ovules. + +=ovate=, somewhat egg-shaped in outline, flat and scarcely twice as long +as broad, broadest below the middle. + +=ovoid=, applied to bodies of three dimensions, _e.g._, ovaries and +seeds, which are egg-shaped. + +=ovule=, the early condition of future seeds within the ovary. + +=palate=, part of the lower lip which closes the mouth of a ringent +corolla; _e.g._, in =Snap-Dragon=. + +=paleaceous=, chaff-like. + +=paleæ=, inner bracts or scales in =Compositæ= or =Gramineæ=, see also +=valvules=. + +=palmate=, applied to a simple leaf divided like a hand into several +lobes. + +=palmatifid=, more deeply divided than the former. + +=palmatipartite= or =palmatisect=, palmately divided to the root of the +main ribs. + +=pandurate= or =panduriform=, fiddle-shaped. + +=panicle=, when the axis of an inflorescence bears branches having two +or more flowers, when the term is used alone it usually means a compound +=raceme=, a =cymose= panicle has the branches in cymes, a =corymbose= +panicle has them in corymbs and so on. + +=pappus=, an appendage consisting of a ring of hairs or scales round the +top of a fruit, _e.g._, some of the =Compositæ=. + +=parasite=, a plant living on the sap of another plant. + +=-partite=, deeply divided, see =pinnatipartite=, =palmatipartite=, +=pedatipartite= and =multipartite=. + +=patent=, open, spreading at right angles to the axis. + +=pectinate=, finely divided like the teeth of a comb. + +=pedate=, applied to a compound leaf when the divisions are at first +ternate, but the outer branches are forked and the outer ones of each +fork again forked. + +=pedatifid=, applied to a simple leaf divided in a similar way to a +pedate leaf. + +=pedatipartite= or =pedatisect=, when the divisions are practically to +the main nerve. + +=pedicel=, the stalk of a flower in a compound inflorescence. + +=peduncle=, the stalk of a solitary flower, or of an inflorescence. + +=peltate=, applied to a leaf which is more or less orbicular and the +petiole of which is inserted not at the lower margin but near the +centre. + +=perennial=, when the life of a plant lasts more than 2 years, although +the upper portion may die down to the ground every year. + +=perianth=, the only floral envelope in the =Apetalæ= and in +=Monocotyledons=. + +=pericarp=, the wall of the ovary when in fruit. + +=perigynous=, when the corolla and stamens are borne on the calyx and +free from the ovary. + +=persistent=, which does not fall off. + +=petal=, a leaf of the inner envelope of a flower, often brightly +coloured, absent from certain plants. + +=petaloid=, having the appearance of a petal. + +=petiole=, the leaf-stalk. + +=petiolule=, the stalk of a leaflet. + +=phanerogam=, a flowering plant. + +=pilose=, sprinkled thinly with long soft hairs. + +=pinnate=, applied to a compound leaf, the leaflets of which are +arranged, feather like, on either side of the rhachis; see =abruptly +pinnate=, =imparipinnate=, =bipinnate=. + +=pinnatifid=, when a simple leaf is divided into a series of lobes on +either side of the midrib. + +=pinna=, in bi- or tripinnate leaves each subdivision with the leaflets +it comprises is called a =pinna=. + +=pinnatipartite= or =pinnatisect=, the lobes more deeply divided than in +a =pinnatifid= leaf and reaching almost to the midrib. + +=pistil=, the innermost whorl of the flower consisting of one or more +carpels, and includes ovary, style and stigma. + +=pitted=, covered with small depressed spots. + +=placenta=, is the part of the interior of the ovary to which the ovules +are attached. + +=placentation=, the method of attachment of the ovules, _viz._, =axile= +when attached to the axis, but if this axis does not reach the top the +placentation is =free central=, and =parietal= when attached to the +inner wall of the ovary. + +=plicate=, folded longitudinally like a closed fan. + +=plumose=, like a tuft of long feathers, _e.g._, the leaves of a palm. + +=plumule=, the leaf-bearing part of the embryo. + +=pod=, a one-celled, two-valved seed vessel. + +=pollen=, the fertilizing dust contained within the anther. + +=pollinia= or =pollen-masses=, club-shaped collections of pollen in +=Asclepiadaceæ= and =Orchidaceæ=. + +=polyadelphous=, when the stamens are united into several bundles by +junction of filaments. + +=polyandrous=, with many stamens. + +=polycarpous= or =polycarpellary=, with many carpels. + +=polygamous=, bearing male, female and hermaphrodite flowers at the same +time on the same plant, but if on distinct plants they are =polygamo- +diœcious=. + +=polypetalous= or =dialypetalous=, when the petals are free. + +=polysepalous= or =dialysepalous=, when the sepals are free. + +=præmorse=, as though the end were bitten off. + +=prickle=, a sharp excrescence from the epidermis of a plant and not +from the wood. + +=procumbent=, of a plant which lies along the ground for the greater +part of its length. + +=prostrate=, when a plant lies down throughout its length. + +=puberulent=, minutely downy. + +=pubescent=, downy. + +=quadrate=, square. + +=raceme=, an inflorescence in which stalked flowers are inserted along a +central axis. + +=rachilla= and =rachis=, see =rhachilla= and =rhachis=. + +=radical=, springing from the root. + +=radicle=, the embryo root. + +=ray florets=, the outer florets, in the capitulum of certain +=Compositæ=. + +=rays= of an umbel, the pedicels bearing the flowers or secondary +umbels. + +=receptacle=, the short, flat, convex or conical axis on which the +flowers of a head are seated, as in =Compositæ=; also the extremity of +the flower-stalk above the calyx (also called =torus=) on which the +corolla, stamens and pistil are inserted. + +=reclinate=, bent downwards. + +=recurved=, bent back. + +=reduplicate=, folded back. + +=reflexed=, bent back abruptly. + +=regular=, applied to a flower means that all parts of the floral whorls +are equal among themselves. + +=reniform=, kidney-shaped. + +=reticulated=, net-like. + +=retrorse=, turned backwards. + +=retuse=, very blunt and slightly indented. + +=revolute=, rolled back, in case of a leaf towards the underside. + +=rhachilla=, a secondary axis in the flowers of =Sedges= and =Grasses=. + +=rhachis=, the stalk of a compound leaf bearing the leaflets; also the +portion of the axis of an inflorescence from the lowest ramification +upwards. + +=rhomboidal=, applied to leaves or leaflets means more or less 4-angled +but not square. + +=rostellate=, with a small beak. + +=rostrate=, beaked. + +=rosulate=, rosette-shaped. + +=rotate=, wheel-shaped; of a corolla when the petals or lobes are spread +out horizontally from the base. + +=rufous=, foxy-red. + +=rugose=, wrinkled. + +=runcinate=, pinnatifid with the lobes pointing downwards. + +=runner=, a prostrate branch, rooting at places. + +=saccate=, bag-like. + +=sagittate=, applied to a leaf the basal lobes or auricles point +downwards like the barbs of an arrow. + +=samara=, a winged fruit. + +=sarcocarp=, the fleshy layer in certain fruits. + +=scabrous= or =scabrid=, rough to the touch. + +=scales=, leaves much reduced in size, but having neither colour nor +functions of leaves; also circular disc-like hairs. + +=scandent=, climbing. + +=scape=, a naked peduncle springing apparently from the root. + +=scarious=, thin and more or less translucent, not green. + +=scorpioid= inflorescence, a cymose compound inflorescence, in which, by +the abortion of one of the branches in each of the successive subsidiary +cymes, always on the same side, the inflorescence becomes curled up +somewhat like a scorpion’s tail; _e.g._, =Boraginaceæ=. + +=-sect=, cut completely to the base, _e.g._, =pinnatisect= when the +lobes of a simple leaf are cut down to the midrib. + +=secund=, when all the leaves or flowers are turned to the same side of +the stem. + +=sepal=, one of the leaves forming the calyx. + +=serrate=, sawlike, applied to the teeth on the margin of a leaf, the +point of which is sharp and the sides unequal. + +=serrulate=, finely serrate. + +=sessile=, having no stalk. + +=seta=, a bristle. + +=setaceous= or =setose=, bristly. + +=sheath=, the dilated petiole of a leaf when it encloses the stem for +some distance above the node, _e.g._, =Grasses=, some =Umbelliferæ=, +etc. + +=shrub=, a woody plant over 3 ft. high, which naturally branches into +several stems from near the ground; a plant with a single stem, but too +small to be classed as a tree is known as an =arborescent shrub=. + +=siliqua=, a linear pod divided into 2 cells by a thin membranous +partition, from which the valves generally separate at maturity. When +the pod is short and broad it is called a =silicule=. Both are +characteristic of the =Cruciferæ=. + +=simple=, applied to a leaf means that it is not subdivided into +leaflets, and to an inflorescence when the main floral axis only bears +single flowers and not subsidiary inflorescences. + +=sinuate=, or =wavy= when the margins of a leaf have a wavy outline, +like an oak-leaf. + +=sinus=, the space between the teeth or lobes of a leaf. + +=spadix=, a fleshy spike as in the =Araceæ=. + +=spathe=, a sheath-like bract enclosing the flower of some +Monocotyledons, _e.g._, in =Araceæ=. + +=spathulate=, ladle-shaped, _i.e._, broad in the short upper part and +contracted below. + +=spike=, a simple inflorescence bearing sessile flowers along the axis. + +=spikelet=, applied to the small clusters of flowers in =Sedges= and +=Grasses= enclosed within one or more glumes. + +=spine=, a woody persistent thorn. + +=spur=, a conical hollow projection in the tube or lower part of a +petal, _e.g._, in some =Scrophulariaceæ= and =Orchidaceæ=. + +=squamæ=, see scales. + +=squarrose=, applied to imbricated scales, bracts or leaves having +pointed tips and which are also spreading or recurved. + +=stamen=, the male organ of the flower. + +=staminode=, imperfect and barren stamen. + +=standard=, the large upper petal in =Papilionaceæ=. + +=stellate=, applied to a corolla the petals or lobes of which spread out +like the rays of a star; also to branched hairs radiating from a centre. + +=sterile= or =barren=, applied to stamens without pollen and to flowers +without a pistil. + +=stigma=, the upper part of the pistil on which the pollen settles +before fertilizing the ovules. + +=stipe=, a term applied to a stalk on any part of the plant except +leaves and flowers. + +=stipellæ= or =stipels=, subsidiary stipules of leaflets. + +=stipitate=, stalked. + +=stipule=, leaf-like appendages, often in pairs and winged at the base +of the petiole in certain plants; when taking the form of spines they +are known as stipular thorns, _e.g._, =Acacia arabica=, etc. + +=stolon=, a horizontal runner. + +=striate=, marked with longitudinal lines or furrows. + +=strigose=, applied to shortish hair lying close along the surface in +one direction. + +=strobilate=, closely overlapping as the scales in the cone of a fir. + +=style=, the portion of the pistil which bears the stigma. + +=subsessile=, almost sessile. + +=subulate=, awl-shaped. + +=succulent=, juicy, sappy. + +=sulcate=, grooved, fluted, furrowed. + +=superior ovary=, an ovary which is free, _i.e._, not adnate to the +calyx or perianth. + +=suture=, the line along which similar organs cohere, _e.g._, carpellary +leaves. + +=syncarpous=, applied to an ovary composed of several carpels cohering +to one another. + +=tendril=, a thread-like process, usually an abortive petiole or +peduncle, having the faculty of grasping and twining round objects and +thus enabling the plant to climb. + +=terete=, with a circular cross section, _e.g._, a cylinder. + +=ternate=, in threes, whether three leaves in a verticil or 3 lobes or 3 +leaflets of a leaf, but the last two are more commonly called tri-lobed +or tri-fid and tri-foliolate respectively. + +=terrestrial=, growing in the earth in contradistinction to epiphytes +and tree-parasites. + +=tesselated=, marked with small squares, _e.g._, nuts of some =Sedges=. + +=thorn=, usually an abortive branch petiole or peduncle with a sharp, +pointed end. + +=throat=, the upper part of a corolla tube. + +=thyrsus=, a compound inflorescence in which cymes, usually opposite, +are arranged in a narrow pyramidal panicle. + +=tomentose=, covered with light-coloured, short, soft and somewhat +felted hairs (=tomentum=). + +=torulose=, cylindrical with small swellings and depressions. + +=torus=, see =receptacle=. + +=tree=, a plant capable of carrying a single stem, up to about 25 ft. at +least. + +=trigonous=, obtusely 3-angled. + +=triquetrous=, more sharply 3-angled, almost 3-winged. + +=truncate=, ending abruptly, as if cut off square. + +=tuber=, a short underground stem containing farinaceous matter, _e.g._, +potato. + +=tubercled= or =tuberculate=, covered with roundish knobby projections. + +=tumid=, inflated, swollen. + +=turbinate=, top-shaped. + +=umbel=, an inflorescence in which the flowers radiate from a common +point on stalks of about the same lengths. + +=umbellule=, a subsidiary umbel in a compound umbel. + +=umbonate=, with a boss as on a shield. + +=uncinate=, hooked. + +=undershrub=, a woody plant less than 3 ft. in height. + +=undulate=, applied to margins of leaves which without being cut out +rise and fall like waves. + +=unguiculate=, clawed, applied to a stalked petal. + +=unisexual=, of one sex only, applied to flowers which have stamens and +no pistil or _vice versa_. + +=urceolate=, urn-shaped. + +=utricle=, the pericarp of a nut when it is thin and loose. + +=valvate=, applied to the æstivation of a corolla means that in bud the +petals or lobes are arranged edge to edge without overlapping. + +=valves=, these are (_a_) the segments into which a capsule splits on +becoming ripe; (_b_) the bracts between the glumes and the =paleæ= (or +=valvules=) in the flowers of =Grasses=. + +=valvules= (or =paleæ=), 2-nerved, hyaline bracts situated between the +valves (see above) and the =lodicules=. + +=ventricose=, swelling or inflated. + +=verrucose=, covered by wart-like lumps. + +=versatile=, applied to anthers which are attached by one point on their +backs to the tips of the filaments so as to swing loosely. + +=verticil=, whorl. + +=villous=, having long, soft hairs, shaggy. + +=virgate=, twiggy. + +=viscous= or =viscid=, giving out a sticky secretion. + +=vittæ=, linear vesicles, filled with oil, in the pericarp of +=Umbelliferæ=. + +=wavy=, see =undulate=, also applied to =sinuate=. + +=whorl= or =verticil=, 3 or more leaves or flowers arranged round a stem +on the same level. + +=wing=, (_a_) the prolongation of a fruit or seed into a membrane, (_b_) +a thin membrane along the angle of a stem, (_c_) protuberances on the +rhachilla of certain =Sedges=. + +=woolly=, with long loose hairs like wool. + + + + + CONSPECTUS OF PRINCIPAL GROUPS OF PLANTS AS ARRANGED IN THIS FLORA + + + =GYMNOSPERMÆ= (p. 48). Ovules naked, not enclosed in an ovary, no calyx + or corolla. + + Plants palm-like with fusiform or globose stem; leaves pinnate; + flowers in cones. + + =Cycadaceæ= (p. 48). + + Whip-like shrub or climber with more or less whorled branches; leaves + scale-like, connate at the base, flowers spicate. + + =Gnetaceæ= (p. 48). + + =ANGIOSPERMÆ=. Ovules enclosed in an ovary; calyx or corolla usually + present. + + =Dicotyledones= (p. 49). Embryo with 2 seed-leaves (cotyledons). + Leaves typically net-veined. Vascular bundles of stem usually in a + ring. Flowers mostly with parts in 4’s or 5’s—for key to families of + this group see p. 16. + + =Monocotyledones= (p. 365). Embryo with only 1 seed leaf. Leaves + typically parallel-nerved. Vascular bundles of the stem scattered. + Flowers mostly with parts in 3’s—for key to families of this group see + p. 45. + + + + + ARTIFICIAL KEY TO THE FAMILIES OF DICOTYLEDONES REPRESENTED IN THIS + FLORA. + + (Extracted and adapted from Hutchinson, _Families of Flowering + Plants_.) + + + KEY TO THE ARTIFICIAL GROUPS.[3] + + Gynæcium composed of 2 or more separate or nearly quite separate + carpels with separate styles and stigmas (rarely the free carpels + immersed in the expanded torus (Nymphæaceæ). + + “=APOCARPÆ=” + + Petals present free from each other, sometimes considerably modified + or scarcely distinguishable from the sepals. + + Group 1 (p. 17). + + Petals present more or less united + + Group 2 (p. 18). + + Petals absent + + Group 3 (p. 18). + + Gynæcium composed of 1 carpel or 2 or more united carpels with free or + united styles, or if carpels free below, then the styles or stigmas + united. + + “=SYNCARPÆ=” + + Ovules attached to the wall or walls of the ovary. + + “=Parietales=” + + Ovary superior: + + Petals present, free from each other + + Group 4 (p. 19). + + Petals present, more or less united + + Group 5 (p. 22). + + Petals absent + + Group 6 (p. 24). + + Ovary inferior: + + Petals present, free from each other + + Group 7 (p. 25). + + Petals present, more or less united + + Group 8(p. 25). + + Petals absent + + Group 9 (p. 26). + + Ovules attached to the central axis, or to the base or apex of the + ovary cell. + + “=Axiles=” + + Ovary superior: + + Petals present, free from each other + + Group 10 (p. 26). + + Petals present, more or less united + + Group 11 (p. 33). + + Petals absent + + Group 12 (p. 37). + + Ovary inferior: + + Petals present, free from each other + + Group 13 (p. 41). + + Petals present, more or less united + + Group 14 (p. 43). + + Petals absent + + Group 15(p. 44). + + + =GROUP 1. Two or more free carpels; petals present, free from each + other.= + + + a) Leaves opposite or verticillate: + + b) Stamens numerous, 15 or more; leaves stipulate; fruits follicular + or indehiscent, sometimes arranged on a large fleshy torus; style + often lateral or basal. + + =Rosaceæ= + + bb) Stamens up to 15 in number: + + c) Herbs, often succulent; leaves often connate at the base, + exstipulate; flowers mostly cymose; carpels the same number as the + petals; seeds often minute, with fleshy endosperm. + + =Crassulaceæ= + + cc) Trees, shrubs or woody climbers; carpels 1-3; petals often + clawed, thin; stipules mostly intrapetiolar, often connate at the + base; sepals often with 2 glands at the base; hairs on the leaves + usually medifixed. + + =Malpighiaceæ= + + aa) Leaves alternate or all radical: + + b) Leaves stipulate: + + c) Stamens free from one another or nearly so; fruits follicular or + indehiscent, often arranged on a large fleshy torus; sepals + imbricate; seeds without endosperm. + + =Rosaceæ= + + cc) Stamens free from one another or nearly so; fruits not on an + enlarged torus; trees with large leaves and stellate hairs; calyx + valvate; seeds with copious endosperm. + + =Tiliaceæ= + + ccc) Stamens more or less united into a column; calyx valvate; mostly + trees or shrubs; hairs often stellate or lepidote. + + =Sterculiaceæ= + + bb) Leaves without stipules: + + c) Carpels completely sunk in the tissue of the large broad torus; + aquatic plants with floating leaves and bright showy flowers. + + =Nymphæaceæ= + + cc) Carpels not sunk in the tissue of the torus; not aquatic: + + d) Stamens the same number and opposite to the petals; carpels + usually 3; leaves simple; fruit drupaceous; endosperm sometimes + ruminate. + + =Menispermaceæ= + + dd) Stamens alternate with the petals or monadelphous or more + numerous than the petals: + + e) Stamens numerous (more than 12): + + f) Flowers usually hermaphrodite, mostly fairly large and + solitary; anthers usually with a broad truncate connective; seeds + with abundant ruminate endosperm. + + =Anonaceæ= + + ff) Flowers dioecious, small; anthers with a narrow connective; + lateral nerves of the leaves not markedly prominent. + + =Menispermaceæ= + + fff) Flowers hermaphrodite, paniculate, small to medium-sized; + anthers small, with a narrow connective; lateral nerves of the + leaves prominent and parallel; seeds arillate; sepals persistent + and often accrescent. + + =Dilleniaceæ= + + ee) Stamens few (12 or fewer): + + f) Leaves compound or very much divided: + + g) Herbs; fruit an achene; seed with copious endosperm and small + embryo; flowers mostly yellow. + + =Ranunculaceæ= + + gg) Trees or shrubs; fruit a follicle; seeds without endosperm; + leaves pinnate. + + =Connaraceæ= + + ff) Leaves simple: + + g) Flowers hermaphrodite; shrubs or trees; seeds arillate, aril + entire, more or less cupular; petals 5. + + =Connaraceæ= + + gg) Flowers unisexual; petals and stamens in threes or multiples + of three. + + =Menispermaceæ= + + + =GROUP 2. Two or more free carpels; petals present, more or less + united.= + + + Herbs with fleshy opposite leaves; flowers racemose, cymose or + paniculate; corolla more or less tubular; calyx sometimes inflated and + membranous. + + =Crassulaceæ= + + Trees, shrubs or climbers with usually pinnate or unifoliolate + leaves; petals very shortly connate at the base; seeds often arillate; + calyx never inflated. + + =Connaraceæ= + + + =GROUP 3. Two or more free carpels; petals absent.= + + + a) Trees, shrubs or hard-wooded climbers; leaves simple or rarely + compound: + + b) Leaves stipulate; stamens free or slightly connate at the base; + anthers opening by slits; fruits drupaceous, included by the tubular + calyx. + + =Rosaceæ= + + bb) Leaves stipulate; stamens united into a column; anthers in a ring + around the top of the column or unequally arranged, opening by slits; + hairs often stellate. + + =Sterculiaceæ= + + aa) Herbs with radical or alternate leaves, or very soft wooded + climbers with often opposite leaves and rather broad medullary rays in + the wood: + + b) Carpels usually numerous, rarely reduced to 1 and then stipulate, + often with long hairy tails; sepals induplicate valvate or rarely + imbricate, often petaloid; stamens free; leaves sometimes opposite and + much divided. + + =Ranunculaceæ= + + bb) Carpels definite in number, often 3 or 6; flowers unisexual; + stamens free or variously connate; climbers with simple leaves. + + =Menispermaceæ= + + + =GROUP 4. One carpel or more than one united carpels; ovules on the + walls of the ovary; ovary superior; petals present, free from each + other.= + + + a) Leaves opposite: + + b) Stamens more or less united into 3 or more separate bundles; leaves + often gland-dotted or with lines of resin; mostly herbaceous; styles + free to the base or very nearly so. + + =Hypericaceæ= + + bb) Stamens free or more or less united into not more than 2 separate + bundles (diadelphous), sometimes adnate to a gynophore; leaves not or + very rarely glandular: + + c) Connective of the anthers produced above the cells; flowers often + somewhat zygomorphic (irregular), the lower petal often gibbous or + saccate at the base. + + =Violaceæ= + + cc) Connective of the anthers not produced beyond the cells; flowers + usually actinomorphic (regular) or papilionaceous: + + d) Flowers actinomorphic (regular), sessile; leaves small and + ericoid, more or less connate at the base; stamens free. + + =Frankeniaceæ= + + dd) Flowers zygomorphic (irregular); stamens diadelphous; fruit a + legume. + + =Papilionaceæ= + + aa) Leaves alternate or all radical: + + b) Stamens numerous (more than 12): + + c) Filaments more or less connate into a tube or into separate + bundles: + + d) Filaments connate in 1 or 2 and unequal bundles; leaves compound; + flowers mostly arranged in dense spikes or heads. + + =Mimosaceæ= + + dd) Filaments connate into more than 2 separate bundles opposite the + sepals; calyx valvate; fruits prickly. + + =Tiliaceæ= + + cc) Filaments free or at most partially adnate to a gynophore: + + d) Ovary supported on a gynophore; petals often clawed; seeds + without endosperm. + + =Capparidaceæ= + + dd) Ovary sessile or very nearly so: + + e) Anthers horse-shoe shaped; ovary placentas 2; ovules numerous; + stipules caducous, leaving a wide scar; leaves large, palminerved + at the base; pedicels often with 5 large glands below the sepals. + + =Bixaceæ= + + ee) Anthers straight or nearly so, opening by apical pores or short + pore-like slits: + + f) Seeds hairy; ovary entire; leaves digitately nerved or lobed; + stems annual from a woody rhizome with yellow interior. + + =Cochlospermaceæ= + + ff) Seeds not hairy; ovary often deeply lobed, in fruit the + carpels becoming nearly free on the enlarged torus; leaves + pinnately nerved; stems not annual. + + =Ochnaceæ= + + eee) Anthers straight or nearly so, opening by longitudinal slits: + + f) Flowers actinomorphic (regular): + + g) Leaves stipulate, the stipules sometimes falling off early but + leaving a scar: + + h) Corona present in the flowers. + + =Passifloraceæ= + + hh) Corona absent: + + i) Stamens and petals hypogynous: + + j) Leaves usually pinnate; wood often with resinous juice. + + =Anacardiaceæ= + + jj) Leaves simple; wood without resinous juice. + + =Flacourtiaceæ= + + ii) Stamens and petals perigynous. + + =Rosaceæ= + + gg) Leaves without stipules: + + h) Trees or shrubs; leaves never lobed. + + =Flacourtiaceæ= + + hh) Herbs with milky juice; stems glaucous; leaves amplexicaul, + pinnately lobed or sinuate. + + =Papaveraceæ= + + ff) Flowers zygomorphic (irregular): + + g) Ovary of 1 carpel; trees or shrubs. + + h) Odd petal abaxial; corolla not as below. + + =Cæsalpiniaceæ= + + hh) Odd petal abaxial; corolla composed of standard, wings and + keel. + + =Papilionaceæ= + + gg) Ovary of more than 1 carpel; herbs; petals often divided. + + =Resedaceæ= + + bb) Stamens 12 or fewer: + + c) Stamens 6, four long and two short (tetradynamous); petals 4, + clawed. + + =Cruciferæ= + + cc) Stamens not as above, very rarely 6 and then of equal length; + petals rarely 4: + + d) Flowers markedly zygomorphic: + + e) Fertile stamens sometimes only 2; ovary often on a short or long + gynophore. + + f) Ovary of more than 1 carpel (_i.e._, more than 1 placenta). + + =Capparidaceæ= + + ff) Ovary of 1 carpel (_i.e._, only 1 placenta); leaves usually + pinnate. + + =Cæsalpiniaceæ= + + ee) Fertile stamens usually 10 or 8, more than 2: + + f) Anthers often with a produced connective; herbs. + + =Violaceæ= + + ff) Anthers without a produced connective, sometimes with a gland + at the apex; habit various, but mostly trees, shrubs or climbers: + + g) Odd petal abaxial; corolla composed of standard, wings and + keel (papilionaceous); ovary with a single placenta. + + =Papilionaceæ= + + gg) Odd petal abaxial; corolla not as above; ovary with a single + placenta. + + =Cæsalpiniaceæ= + + ggg) Odd petal abaxial; ovary with 3 placentas; 5 fertile and 5 + barren stamens. + + =Moringaceæ= + + dd) Flowers actinomorphic (regular): + + e) Flowers with a distinct corona, sometimes this membranous or + represented by a definite ring of hairs towards the base of the + calyx tube. + + =Passifloraceæ= + + ee) Flowers without a corona: + + f) Stamens united, with the anthers in a ring around the apex of + the column; endosperm of the seeds often ruminate; mostly weak + climbers. + + =Menispermaceæ= + + ff) Stamens free or united only at the base or rarely only the + anthers connivent: + + g) Leaves stipulate; anthers with the connective produced above + the cells and often connivent around the style. + + =Violaceæ= + + gg) Leaves stipulate; anther connective not produced: + + h) Staminodes present, sometimes petaloid; stipules often + pectinate. + + =Ochnaceæ= + + hh) Staminodes absent: + + i) Leaves with numerous very sticky glandular hairs, mostly + circinnately coiled in bud; seeds not carunculate. + + =Droseraceæ= + + ii) Leaves without sticky hairs, not circinnate in bud; seeds + often carunculate or arillate: + + j) Styles free to the base. + + =Turneraceæ= + + jj) Styles simple or shortly divided. + + =Passifloraceæ= + + ggg) Leaves exstipulate: + + h) Herbs; leaves entire or lobed; flowers yellow or orange; + seeds pitted, arillate. + + =Turneraceæ= + + hh) Trees, shrubs or climbers: + + i) Leaves simple, but sometimes deeply divided: + + j) Leaves biglandular at the base. + + =Passifloraceæ= + + jj) Leaves not glandular at the base: + + k) Leaves digitately lobed. + + =Caricaceæ= + + kk) Leaves not digitately lobed; calyx-tube short; stamens + hypogynous. + + =Pittosporaceæ= + + kkk) Leaves not digitately lobed; calyx-tube rather long; + stamens perigynous. + + =Turneraceæ= + + kkkk) Leaves very small and more or less ericoid; flowers in + slender spikes or racemes: + + =Tamaricaceæ= + + ii) Leaves compound: + + j) Flowers in heads or dense spikes; petals valvate; ovary of + 1 carpel; ovules more than 1. + + =Mimosaceæ= + + jj) Flowers not in heads or dense spikes; ovary usually of + more than one carpel; ovule solitary. + + =Anacardiaceæ= + + jjj) Flowers racemose; ovary of 5 carpels with numerous + ovules. + + =Caricaceæ= + + + =GROUP 5. One carpel or more than one united carpels; ovules on the + walls of the ovary; ovary superior; petals present, more or less + united.= + + + a) Stamens free from the corolla-tube: + + b) Ovary composed of more than one carpel: + + c) Stamens numerous, more than twice the number of the corolla lobes; + anthers opening by longitudinal slits with broadened truncate + connective; seeds with copious ruminate endosperm; shrubs, trees or + climbers with exstipulate simple leaves. + + =Anonaceæ= + + cc) Stamens 5-12; anthers not appendaged at the apex, usually opening + by longitudinal slits, rarely by pores; leaves alternate, + exstipulate; erect trees or shrubs: + + d) Leaves fairly large; flowers more or less corymbose; stamens 5. + + =Pittosporaceæ= + + dd) Leaves very small and scale-like; flowers in slender spikes or + racemes; stamens 5-10. + + =Tamaricaceæ= + + bb) Ovary composed of a single carpel (usually a legume); stamens free + or more usually diadelphous or monadelphous, often 10, rarely + numerous: + + c) Stamens connate into a sheath or free; flowers usually + hermaphrodite: + + d) Flowers actinomorphic (regular); petals valvate; calyx + gamosepalous or valvate; leaves usually bipinnate, rarely simply + pinnate; flowers often collected into heads. + + =Mimosaceæ= + + dd) Flowers zygomorphic (irregular) or rarely actinomorphic; sepals + imbricate or rarely valvate; petals imbricate, the upper (adaxial) + one inside the others; leaves often pinnate or bipinnate. + + =Cæsalpiniaceæ= + + ddd) Flowers zygomorphic; petals imbricate, the upper (adaxial) one + (the standard) outside the others, the lateral two (the wings) + outside the abaxial pair (the keel) which are more or less united + along their lower edges; leaves simple, digitate or simply pinnate. + + =Papilionaceæ= + + cc) Stamens connate into a column with the anthers in a ring at the + top; flowers dioecious; fruit a drupe; slender climbers. + + =Menispermaceæ= + + aa) Stamens inserted on the corolla-tube, sometimes near the base: + + b) Stamens double the number of the petals, usually diadelphous; + flower sometimes zygomorphic: + + c) Flowers zygomorphic (irregular), often somewhat papilionaceous, + hermaphrodite; seeds often hairy; leaves small to medium-sized. + + =Polygalaceæ= + + cc) Flowers actinomorphic (regular), unisexual or polygamous; seeds + with a succulent coat; leaves large, palmately lobed. + + =Caricaceæ= + + bb) Stamens the same number as the corolla lobes; corolla + actinomorphic or nearly so: + + c) Leaves opposite: + + d) Carpels 2, more or less free; pollen granular, no corona in the + corolla; mostly shrubs, trees or climbers. + + =Apocynaceæ= + + dd) Carpels 2, free; styles separate up to the common thickened + apex; pollen agglutinated into masses; corolla with a corona; mostly + herbs or twiners. + + =Asclepiadaceæ= + + ddd) Carpels 2, connate into a 1 or 2 celled ovary; pollen not + agglutinated; one common style present: + + e) Stamens 5; ovules numerous; herbs; corolla actinomorphic. + + =Gentianaceæ= + + ee) Stamens 4; ovules 1-2 in each cell; habit various; corolla + usually zygomorphic. + + =Verbenaceæ= + + cc) Leaves alternate or radical; marsh or aquatic herbs: + + d) Corolla lobes imbricate or contorted; styles 2, free or partly + united. + + =Hydrophyllaceæ= + + dd) Corolla lobes induplicate valvate; style 1, with 1-2 stigmas. + + =Gentianaceæ= + + bbb) Stamens fewer than the corolla lobes, 4 or 2; corolla zygomorphic + or rarely subactinomorphic: + + c) Leafless parasites (on roots) never green herbs; seeds minute, + very numerous, with endosperm. + + =Orobanchaceæ= + + cc) Leafy and not or rarely parasitic: + + d) Ovules numerous on each placenta; mostly trees; seeds transverse, + winged. + + =Bignoniaceæ= + + dd) Ovules 1-2 on each placenta; stem and branches often 4-sided. + + =Verbenaceæ= + + + =GROUP 6. One carpel or more than one united carpels; ovules on the + walls of the ovary; ovary superior; petals absent.= + + + a) Flowers arranged in a dense head surrounded by numerous imbricate + bracts; stamens 4, opposite the calyx (or perianth) lobes, the latter + valvate, one splitting away from the other three; leaves alternate, + without stipules. + + =Proteaceæ= + + aa) Flowers variously arranged but not in heads with an involucre of + bracts; remainder of above characters not associated: + + b) Ovary composed of 1 carpel (_i.e._, with 1 placenta): + + c) Stamens numerous, free or very slightly connate at the base; pod + stipitate. + + =Papilionaceæ=(Cordyla) + + cc) Stamens 10 or fewer: + + d) Flowers hermaphrodite, not very small; leaves usually compound. + + =Cæsalpiniaceæ= + + dd) Flowers unisexual or polygamous, usually very small; leaves + usually simple: + + e) Ovule pendulous; anthers erect in bud; flowers solitary or + cymose or fasciculate. + + =Ulmaceæ= + + ee) Ovule pendulous or erect; anthers erect or inflexed in bud; + flowers often on or within an enlarged and often fleshy receptacle + or in catkins or heads. + + =Moraceæ= + + bb) Ovary composed of more than 1 carpel; at least with 2 or more + placentas: + + c) Ovary and fruit stipitate; seeds usually without endosperm and + often with a curved embryo; sepals usually valvate. + + =Capparidaceæ= + + cc) Ovary sessile: + + d) Inflorescence a catkin; flowers dioecious; seeds pilose with a + basal tuft of hairs, without endosperm. + + =Salicaceæ= + + dd) Inflorescence not a catkin but sometimes a slender pendulous + spike or raceme; flowers usually hermaphrodite; seeds with + endosperm. + + e) Flowers hypogynous; no staminodes between the stamens; filaments + free. + + =Flacourtiaceæ= + + ee) Flowers perigynous; staminodes often present and alternating + with the fertile stamens; filaments free or connate. + + =Samydaceæ= + + + =GROUP 7. One carpel or more than one united carpels; ovules on the + walls of the ovary; ovary inferior; petals present, free from each + other.= + + + a) Flowers hermaphrodite; anthers straight or nearly so: + + b) Anthers opening by pores; leaves mostly opposite with parallel main + nerves; stamens definite, often double the number of the petals. + + =Melastomataceæ= + + bb) Anthers not opening by pores: + + c) Fleshy herbs or shrubs with reduced leaves and often epiphytic; + stamens numerous; seeds without endosperm. + + =Cactaceæ= + + cc) Tree or shrubs with well-developed green leaves; seeds with + endosperm; stamens sometimes opposite the petals. + + =Samydaceæ= + + aa) Flowers unisexual; stamens few, with twisted or conduplicate + anthers; usually slender twiners with tendrils; leaves often scabrid. + + =Cucurbitaceæ= + + + =GROUP 8. One carpel or more than one united carpels; ovules on the + walls of the ovary; ovary inferior; petals present, more or less + united.= + + + Flowers unisexual; leaves alternate without longitudinally parallel + nerves; tendrils often present; stamens mostly 3; anthers often twisted + or conduplicate. + + =Cucurbitaceæ= + + Flowers hermaphrodite; leaves opposite or verticillate often with + longitudinally parallel nerves, without stipules; anthers mostly + opening by terminal pores. + + =Melastomataceæ= + + Flowers hermaphrodite, very rarely unisexual; leaves opposite or + alternate, often stipulate; anthers not opening by pores, sometimes + connivent at the apex; ovules numerous on the walls; petals united into + a long tube; stipules persistent, inter- or intra-petiolar. + + =Rubiaceæ=(Gardenia) + + + =GROUP 9. One carpel or more than one united carpels; ovules on the + walls of the ovary; ovary inferior; petals absent; leaves exstipulate; + calyx unilateral or 3 lobed and often coloured.= + + =Aristolochiaceæ= + + + =GROUP 10. One carpel or more than one united carpels; ovules attached + to the central axis or to the base or apex of the ovary cell; ovary + superior; petals present, free from each other.= + + + a) Perfect stamens the same number as the petals and opposite to them; + leaves alternate or rarely opposite or all radical: + + b) Leaves not gland-dotted; petals and stamens more or less hypogynous + or subperigynous; disk usually conspicuous: + + c) Calyx lobes or sepals imbricate, usually 2; stipules often + scarious or setose; ovary 1-celled, with basal placenta. + + =Portulacaceæ= + + cc) Calyx lobes valvate or open in bud: + + d) Disk absent from the flowers: + + e) Trees and shrubs; ovules usually 2 or more inserted on the inner + angle of the cells; hairs on the leaves often stellate. + + =Sterculiaceæ= + + ee) Herbs mostly with rosettes of leaves; flowers in corymbs; calyx + tube scarious, ribbed; ovule 1, pendulous on a basal funicle. + + =Plumbaginaceæ= + + dd) Disk present, perigynous; leaves mostly stipulate; ovary + 2-4-celled; ovules erect; seeds mostly with copious endosperm and + large straight embryo. + + =Rhamnaceæ= + + ddd) Disk present; leaves exstipulate: + + e) Ovules erect; ovary 1-3-celled; calyx conspicuous. + + =Olacaceæ= + + ee) Ovules pendulous; ovary 1-celled; calyx minute. + + =Opiliaceæ= + + bb) Leaves pellucid-punctate: + + c) Leaves simple, without stipules; ovules numerous on a free central + placenta; no tendrils. + + =Myrsinaceæ= + + cc) Leaves mostly compound, usually stipulate; inflorescence leaf- + opposed; ovules 1-2 in each cell, inserted on the inner angle; + tendrils often present. + + =Ampelidaceæ= + + aa) Perfect stamens the same number as the petals and alternate with + them or more numerous, very rarely fewer: + + b) Style basal; stipules mostly persistent; leaves simple; stamens + numerous; stomata of the leaves usually with special subsidiary cells. + + =Rosaceæ= + + bb) Style or styles terminal or subterminal, sometimes gynobasic: + + c) Flowers markedly zygomorphic (irregular); lower sepal more or less + elongated into a spur; sepals usually 3; anthers connivent around the + ovary, opening lengthwise; seeds without endosperm. + + =Balsaminaceæ= + + cc) Flowers actinomorphic or very slightly zygomorphic: + + d) Stamens united into more than one separate bundle (phalanges) + often opposite the petals; leaves usually opposite, often gland- + dotted or with resinous lines: + + e) Leaves opposite, exstipulate: + + f) Herbs or shrubs; styles free from the base or nearly so; + flowers hermaphrodite; calyx imbricate. + + =Hypericaceæ= + + ff) Trees or shrubs; styles mostly more or less united or stigma + one and sessile or sub-sessile; flowers mostly unisexual; calyx + imbricate. + + =Guttiferæ= + + ee) Leaves alternate, stipulate; trees, shrubs or herbs; calyx + valvate; hairs usually stellate: + + f) Stamens with some of the filaments sterile; fruits not hooked. + + =Sterculiaceæ= + + ff) Stamens all fertile; fruits covered with hooks. + + =Tiliaceæ= + + dd) Stamens free (at least not united into several bundles) or + sometimes more or less united at the base or into one bundle + (monadelphous): + + e) Leaves opposite or verticillate or rarely fasciculate, never all + radical: + + f) Leaves compound, rarely unifoliolate and then with a distinctly + tumid petiole, sometimes sessile: + + g) Leaves gland-dotted; disk usually present between the stamens + and ovary; ovary often deeply lobed; cells 2-ovuled; pendulous; + stipules rarely present. + + =Rutaceæ= + + gg) Leaves not gland-dotted, sometimes fleshy; ovules pendulous + from the central axis, 2 or more in each cell; disk often fleshy, + rarely absent; stipules persistent and often paired; shrubs or + herbs; leaves mostly 2-foliolate or pinnate; filaments often with + a scale or gland attached to the base. + + =Zygophyllaceæ= + + ff) Leaves simple but sometimes deeply and variously divided: + + g) Stamens more than twice as many as the petals; calyx valvate: + + h) Flowers hermaphrodite; anthers not inflexed in bud: + + i) Petals and stamens hypogynous; hairs often stellate; + stipules in pairs. + + =Tiliaceæ= + + ii) Petals and stamens perigynous; hairs not stellate; stipules + interpetiolar. + + =Rhizophoraceæ= + + hh) Flowers hermaphrodite; anthers inflexed in bud; petals and + stamens perigynous. + + =Lythraceæ= + + hhh) Flowers unisexual; anthers inflexed in bud; hairs stellate + or lepidote. + + =Euphorbiaceæ= + + gg) Stamens not more than twice as many as the petals: + + h) Trees, shrubs or woody climbers: + + i) Leaves stipulate, sometimes stipules rudimentary or of + hairs: + + j) Disk absent or inconspicuous or of separate glands; calyx + often glandular: + + k) Calyx mostly with a pair of glands outside; trees, shrubs + or climbers; stamens mostly 10. + + =Malpighiaceæ= + + kk) Calyx not glandular; anther-cells back to back; trees or + shrubs; petals 4; stamens 4. + + =Salvadoraceæ= + + jj) Disk present, conspicuous; calyx not glandular: + + k) Flowers hermaphrodite: + + l) Stamens inserted on or below the margin of the disk; + filaments subulate: + + m) Stamens 3-5; sepals imbricate. + + =Celastraceæ= + + mm) Stamens 8-10; sepals valvate. + + =Rhizophoraceæ= + + ll) Stamens usually 3, inserted on the disk; filaments + flattened or connivent, often adnate to the ovary; sepals + imbricate. + + =Hippocrateaceæ= + + kk) Flowers unisexual; ovules pendulous from the apex of the + cell; seeds often carunculate. + + =Euphorbiaceæ= + + ii) Leaves exstipulate or stipules gland-like: + + j) Anthers opening at the apex by a pore, often appendaged at + the base; stamens as many or twice as many as the petals; + leaves often with 3-9 longitudinally parallel nerves. + + =Melastomataceæ= + + jj) Anthers opening by slits lengthwise; leaves usually with + pinnate nerves: + + k) Ovules numerous in each cell; anthers inflexed in bud; + calyx more or less tubular, with valvate lobes, often with + accessory lobes. + + =Lythraceæ= + + kk) Ovules few in each cell: + + =Malpighiaceæ= + + l) Ovules pendulous from the apex of the cells; calyx fairly + long and tubular, more or less petaloid; petals usually very + small. + + =Thymelæaceæ= + + ll) Ovules erect or ascending from the base of the cells; + calyx imbricate: + + m) Filaments subulate or filiform; stamens usually 5. + + =Celastraceæ= + + mm) Filaments flattened; stamens usually 3. + + =Hippocrateaceæ= + + hh) Herbs, sometimes slightly woody at the base: + + i) Leaves stipulate; stipules paired; styles free from the + base; ovules numerous, axile. + + =Elatinaceæ= + + ii) Leaves exstipulate: + + j) Leaves with 3 or more longitudinally parallel nerves; + anthers usually appendaged and opening by a terminal pore. + + =Melastomataceæ= + + jj) Leaves not as above; anthers opening by longitudinal + slits; stamens perigynous; anthers inflexed in bud. + + =Lythraceæ= + + ee) Leaves alternate or all radical: + + f) Stamens more than twice the number of the sepals or petals: + + g) Sepals valvate or open in bud: + + h) Anthers 2-celled: + + i) Stamens free or slightly united only at the base: + + j) Calyx closed in bud: + + k) Flowers hermaphrodite; leaves simple; wood not resinous. + + =Tiliaceæ= + + kk) Flowers unisexual; leaves entire or 3-lobed; petiole with + 2 glands at the apex. + + =Euphorbiaceæ= + + kkk) Flowers usually polygamous; leaves mostly compound; + petiole not glandular at the apex; wood resinous. + + =Anacardiaceæ= + + jj) Calyx open in bud; leaves simple; stamens up to 20, free + or nearly so. + + =Olacaceæ= + + ii) Stamens more or less united into a tube or into bundles, + hypogynous; indumentum usually stellate. + + =Sterculiaceæ= + + hh) Anthers 1-celled, stamens more or less monadelphous; calyx + with or without an epicalyx: + + i) Trees or rarely shrubs; leaves digitately compound; carpels + not or very rarely splitting away from the central axis in + fruit. + + =Bombacaceæ= + + ii) Mostly herbs; leaves simple; carpels often splitting away + from the central axis or becoming free in fruit. + + =Malvaceæ= + + gg) Sepals imbricate or rarely completely connate or calyptrate: + + h) Petals and stamens perigynous; leaves stipulate: + + i) Seeds with endosperm and a curved embryo; mostly herbs; + sepals 2. + + =Portulacaceæ= + + ii) Seeds without endosperm; sepals more than 2. + + =Rosaceæ= + + hh) Petals and stamens more or less hypogynous or flowers + unisexual; disk often present: + + i) Trees, shrubs or woody climbers: + + j) Leaves compound, pinnate or rarely unifoliolate and then + with a tumid petiole: + + k) Ovule ascending: + + l) Leaves gland-dotted; style or styles central. + + =Rutaceæ= + + ll) Leaves rarely gland-dotted; styles or stigmas often + separated: + + m) Wood with resin ducts and leaves scented; style or + stigma often eccentric. + + =Anacardiaceæ= + + mm) Wood not resinous; leaves not or rarely scented; style + or stigma central. + + =Sapindaceæ= + + kk) Ovule or ovules pendulous; wood without resin ducts, bark + bitter; leaves usually not gland-dotted. + + =Simarubaceæ= + + jj) Leaves simple: + + k) Flowers unisexual; disk present. + + =Euphorbiaceæ= + + kk) Flowers hermaphrodite: + + l) Torus enlarged after flowering; ovary mostly deeply + lobed, the carpels becoming separated in fruit; anthers + often opening by pores. + + =Ochnaceæ= + + ll) Torus not enlarged; calyx enlarged and wing-like in + fruit: + + m) Flowers mostly rather small and not showy; petals much + contorted; ovary 2- or more-celled; leaves with + comparatively few lateral nerves. + + =Dipterocarpaceæ= + + mm) Flowers showy; ovary 1-celled with a basal placenta; + leaves long, with very numerous parallel lateral nerves. + + =Ochnaceæ= + + ii) Herbs; sepals 2; leaves fleshy, exstipulate; ovary 1-celled + with numerous ovules; seeds strophiolate. + + =Portulacaceæ= + + ff) Stamens definite in number in relation to the sepals or + petals, often the same number or twice as many or fewer: + + g) Leaves compound, rarely unifoliolate and then with a + distinctly tumid petiole: + + h) Stamens united into a tube; leaves pinnate or rarely + unifoliolate, exstipulate; flowers actinomorphic; seeds often + winged. + + =Meliaceæ= + + hh) Stamens free or united only at the base: + + i) Leaves stipulate: + + j) Herbaceous or slightly woody; leaves digitately or + pinnately compound. + + =Oxalidaceæ= + + jj) Trees, shrubs or often climbers; leaves compound; stipules + lateral; seeds without endosperm. + + =Sapindaceæ= + + ii) Leaves exstipulate: + + j) Leaves gland-dotted: + + =Rutaceæ= + + jj) Leaves not gland-dotted: + + k) Ovules pendulous: + + l) Leaflets 2; shrubs or trees with axillary or supra- + axillary spines. + + =Simarubaceæ= + + ll) Leaflets more than 2: + + m) Ovary of more than 1 carpel, 2 or more celled. + + =Burseraceæ= + + mm) Ovary usually of 1 carpel. + + =Anacardiaceæ= + + kk) Ovules ascending or horizontal: + + l) Ovules 2 in each cell, collateral; style simple; ovary of + 1 carpel. + + =Connaraceæ= + + ll) Ovules 1 or more in each cell, erect or ascending; style + simple or divided; ovary of more than 1 carpel. + + =Sapindaceæ= + + gg) Leaves simple: + + h) Anthers opening by apical pores; ovary deeply lobed, torus + enlarging in fruit and the carpels often becoming separate; + ovules 1-2 in each cell. + + =Ochnaceæ= + + hh) Anthers opening by slits lengthwise: + + i) Shrubs or trees: + + j) Leaves stipulate: + + k) Flowers unisexual: + + l) Petals entire: + + m) Stipules conspicuous, persistent. + + =Euphorbiaceæ= + + mm) Stipules very inconspicuous, caducous. + + =Celastraceæ= + + ll) Petals bilobed; stamens 5; disk composed of hypogynous + glands opposite the petals. + + =Chailletiaceæ= + + kk) Flowers hermaphrodite: + + l) Stipules axillary, convolute in bud, often very large; + ovary entire, 2-celled; petals entire; ovule inserted in the + middle of the placenta. + + =Simarubaceæ=(Irvingia) + + ll) Stipules not axillary: + + m) Petals entire or emarginate; ovules erect; disk entire + or lobed. + + =Celastraceæ= + + mm) Petals often deeply lobed; ovules pendulous; disk of + separate glands opposite the petals. + + =Chailletiaceæ= + + jj) Leaves exstipulate: + + k) Stamens united into a tube; sepals not glandular; ovary 2- + or more-celled. + + =Meliaceæ= + + kk) Stamens free or connate only at the base: + + l) Stamens hypogynous or very slightly perigynous: + + m) Ovary 1-celled: + + n) Leaves fairly large; flowers in panicles, not supported + on the enlarged torus. + + =Anacardiaceæ= + + nn) Leaves very small and crowded; flowers in slender + spikes or racemes. + + =Tamaricaceæ= + + mm) Ovary 2- or more-celled; disk present; petals mostly + valvate; ovary 3-5-celled. + + =Olacaceæ= + + ll) Stamens distinctly perigynous; calyx tubular and often + petaloid; petals mostly very small and scale-like. + + =Thymelæaceæ= + + ii) Herbs: + + j) Flowers hermaphrodite; disk usually absent: + + k) Sepals valvate; bark fibrous; leaves often with thread- + like tails at the base. + + =Tiliaceæ= + + kk) Sepals imbricate; leaves not tailed at the base; ovary + long-beaked. + + =Geraniaceæ= + + kkk) Sepals imbricate; leaves not tailed; ovary not beaked. + + l) Petals not contorted: + + =Molluginaceæ= + + ll) Petals contorted: + + =Linaceæ= + + jj) Flowers unisexual; disk present or obscure. + + =Euphorbiaceæ= + + + =GROUP 11. One carpel or more than one united carpels; ovules attached + to the central axis or to the base or apex of the ovary cell; ovary + superior; petals present, more or less united.= + + + a) Stamens the same number as and opposite to the corolla lobes: + + b) Ovules solitary in the whole ovary or in each cell of the ovary; + style often lobed: + + c) Trees or shrubs, often with hard wood: + + d) Petals imbricate; hairs often stellate or medifixed; staminodes + often present, sometimes petaloid. + + =Sapotaceæ= + + dd) Petals valvate; hairs usually simple; usually no staminodes: + + e) Inflorescence not leaf-opposed; leaves simple, without tendrils. + + =Olacaceæ= + + ee) Inflorescence leaf-opposed; leaves often compound; mostly + climbers with tendrils. + + =Ampelidaceæ= + + cc) Herbs or climbers: + + d) Corolla lobes valvate; tendrils often present; inflorescence + usually cymose-paniculate, leaf-opposed; leaves usually with the + stipules adnate to the petiole; petals united at the base. + + =Ampelidaceæ= + + dd) Corolla lobes imbricate; no tendrils; inflorescence more or less + corymbose; petals united high up. + + =Plumbaginaceæ= + + bb) Ovules 2 or more in each cell; style undivided; placentas basal: + + c) Trees or shrubs often with gland-dotted simple leaves; leaves + exstipulate. + + =Myrsinaceæ= + + cc) Herbs or climbers usually with compound stipulate leaves and + leaf-opposed inflorescence. + + =Ampelidaceæ= + + ccc) Herbs with opposite simple leaves and solitary or axillary + scarlet, blue or rose flowers; leaves not gland-dotted, exstipulate. + + =Primulaceæ= + + aa) Stamens the same number as the corolla-lobes and alternate with + them, or more numerous or fewer: + + b) Stamens more than twice as many as the corolla lobes; flowers + unisexual; corolla lobes about 5; leaves stipulate. + + =Euphorbiaceæ= + + bb) Stamens as many as or up to twice as many as the corolla lobes or + fewer: + + c) Stamens as many as or more numerous than the corolla lobes: + + d) Flowers zygomorphic (irregular): + + e) Petals united only at the base; seeds often pilose; ovules + pendulous. + + =Polygalaceæ= + + ee) Petals united high up into a tube: + + f) Ovules numerous in each cell; herbs; corolla lobes 5. + + =Solanaceæ= + + ff) Ovules solitary in each complete or incomplete cell; habit + various; corolla lobes 4. + + =Verbenaceæ= + + dd) Flowers actinomorphic (regular): + + e) Leaves opposite or verticillate, mostly exstipulate: + + f) Anthers opening by apical pores or pore-like slits: + + g) Leaves in whorls; woody shrubs or undershrubs with usually + very small leaves; stamens hypogynous. + + =Ericaceæ= + + gg) Leaves paired; herbs; stamens epipetalous. + + =Gentianaceæ= + + ff) Anthers opening by longitudinal slits: + + g) Style single with often a large more or less capitate stigma: + + h) Corona present in the flowers; mostly herbs or weak twiners, + often with milky juice. + + =Asclepiadaceæ= + + hh) Corona absent: + + i) Leaves exstipulate: + + j) Trees, shrubs or climbers often with milky juice; corolla + lobes contorted-imbricate or rarely valvate. + + =Apocynaceæ= + + jj) Herbs; corolla lobes imbricate; disk present. + + =Scrophulariaceæ= + + jjj) Herbs with spicate flowers and radical leaves; corolla + lobes imbricate; no disk. + + =Plantaginaceæ= + + ii) Leaves stipulate or sheathing at the base. + + =Loganiaceæ= + + gg) Styles with more than 1 separate stigma: + + h) Stamens double the number of the corolla lobes; flowers + dioecious; endosperm copious, hard. + + =Ebenaceæ= + + hh) Stamens the same number as the corolla lobes: + + i) Rudimentary stipules often present; stamens and corolla + lobes 4. + + =Salvadoraceæ= + + ii) Stipules absent: + + j) Style gynobasic: + + =Boraginaceæ= + + jj) Style terminal: + + k) Trees or shrubs: + + l) Ovules numerous in each cell or, if solitary, then + corolla lobes valvate. + + =Loganiaceæ= + + ll) Ovules 1-2 in each cell; corolla lobes imbricate. + + =Verbenaceæ= + + kk) Herbs or herbaceous climbers: + + l) Ovary imperfectly celled by the intrusive placentas. + + =Gentianaceæ= + + ll) Ovary perfectly 2-celled with axile placentas; style + simple. + + =Solanaceæ= + + ee) Leaves alternate or all radical or reduced to scales: + + f) Leafless parasites destitute of chlorophyll; ovary 2-celled; + ovules 2 in each cell. + + =Convolvulaceæ= + + ff) Not parasitic or rarely so and then leafy: + + g) Leaves densely covered with viscid gland-tipped tentacles, + mostly all radical; more or less stemless herbs. + + =Droseraceæ= + + gg) Leaves without tentacles: + + h) Leaves stipulate: + + i) Flowers unisexual; petals not bifid. + + =Euphorbiaceæ= + + ii) Flowers hermaphrodite; petals bifid. + + =Chailletiaceæ= + + hh) Leaves without stipules: + + i) Stamens hypogynous or perigynous, free from the corolla or + slightly adnate to its base: + + j) Anthers opening by terminal pores, often with appendages; + woody plants. + + =Ericaceæ= + + jj) Anthers opening by longitudinal slits: + + k) Stamens 4-6: + + l) Leaves gland-dotted; petals connivent by their claws; + disk usually conspicuous. + + =Rutaceæ= + + ll) Leaves not gland-dotted. + + m) Petals only slightly united at the base: + + n) Leaves pinnate or 1-3-foliolate. + + =Connaraceæ= + + nn) Leaves simple: + + o) Stamens opposite the petals. + + =Olacaceæ= + + oo) Stamens alternate with the petals. + + =Pittosporaceæ= + + mm) Petals united high up, sometimes free at the base: + + n) Trees or shrubs. + + =Burseraceæ= + + nn) Herbs. + + =Campanulaceæ= + + kk) Stamens more than 6: + + l) Corolla tube fairly long; no disk; leaves not very small. + + =Ebenaceæ= + + ll) Corolla tube very short; disk present; leaves very + small. + + =Tamaricaceæ= + + ii) Stamens inserted on or adnate to the corolla tube: + + j) Style gynobasic: + + k) Style 1; fruit composed of pyrenes or nutlets; corolla + imbricate or contorted. + + =Boraginaceæ= + + kk) Styles 2; fruit a capsule; corolla plicate. + + =Convolvulaceæ= + + jj) Style not gynobasic, terminal: + + k) Corolla valvate or plaited in bud (in the latter case the + limb may be somewhat twisted but not truly imbricate): + + l) Ovules 1-4 in each ovary cell; stamens inserted towards + the base of the corolla tube. + + =Convolvulaceæ= + + ll) Ovules numerous (rarely 3-6) in each ovary cell. + + =Solanaceæ= + + kk) Corolla imbricate: + + l) Herbs with radical leaves and flowers in slender spikes. + + =Plantaginaceæ= + + ll) Herbs, trees or shrubs; flowers not in slender spikes: + + m) Ovules 1 in each cell; trees and shrubs. + + =Boraginaceæ= + + mm) Ovules numerous in each cell; herbs or small shrubs. + + =Solanaceæ= + + cc) Stamens fewer than the corolla lobes; leaves mostly opposite: + + d) Flowers actinomorphic: + + e) Stamen 1; climbers or shrubs; seeds winged; one calyx lobe much + larger than the others and petaloid. + + =Loganiaceæ= + + ee) Stamens more than 1: + + f) Stamens 6-8 opposite the inner lobes of the corolla; ovules + solitary in each cell; trees or shrubs. + + =Sapotaceæ= + + ff) Stamens alternate with the corolla lobes: + + g) Peduncle of the inflorescence adnate to the petiole; corolla + lobes or some of them 2-cleft. + + =Chailletiaceæ= + + gg) Peduncle not adnate to the petiole; corolla lobes not cleft + or only slightly so: + + h) Ovules few (1-4) in each cell of the ovary: + + i) Disk none; stamens 2; shrubs, trees or climbers; leaves + simple or pinnate. + + =Olacaceæ= + + ii) Disk present; stamens usually 4; shrubs or trees; leaves + simple or digitate. + + =Verbenaceæ= + + hh) Ovules numerous: + + i) Corolla lobes minute, valvate, alternating with entire or + 2-lobed appendages. + + =Solanaceæ= + + ii) Corolla lobes imbricate, without appendages. + + =Scrophulariaceæ= + + dd) Flowers zygomorphic: + + e) Aquatic herbs with bladder-like leaves; stamens 2; anthers + 1-celled; sepals 2; ovules on a free basal placenta. + + =Lentibulariaceæ= + + ee) Characters not as above: + + f) Ovary not deeply lobed; style not gynobasic: + + g) Ovules numerous in the whole ovary or in each cell of the + ovary, or if 2 then superposed: + + h) Leaves pinnately compound; ovules numerous; seeds often + winged, without endosperm; shrubs or trees. + + =Bignoniaceæ= + + hh) Leaves simple; mostly herbaceous: + + i) Ovules numerous; ovary 2-celled; seeds usually minute. + + =Scrophulariaceæ= + + ii) Ovules 1 to many; ovary 2-4 celled; seeds not on hook-like + funicles. + + =Pedaliaceæ= + + iii) Ovules few; ovary 2-celled; leaves rarely all radical; + seeds on hook-like funicles. + + =Acanthaceæ= + + gg) Ovule solitary in each cell of the ovary or if 2 then + collateral; herbs, shrubs or trees. + + =Verbenaceæ= + + ff) Ovary deeply 4-lobed; style gynobasic; leaves opposite or + verticillate; flowers often in whorls; stems usually quadrangular. + + =Labiatæ= + + + =GROUP 12. One carpel or more than one united carpels; ovules attached + to the central axis or to the base or apex of the ovary cell; ovary + superior; petals absent.= + + + a) Calyx absent from the hermaphrodite and often from the female + flowers: + + b) Moss-like or hepaticiform aquatic herbs with minute flowers; ovules + 2 or more in a 1-celled ovary. + + =Podostemonaceæ= + + bb) Above characters not associated: + + c) Flowers surrounded by an involucre margined by fleshy glands; male + flowers several to numerous and each consisting of a single stamen, + with a single female flower often stalked in their midst. + + =Euphorbiaceæ= + + cc) Flowers not as above: + + d) Leaves stipulate, stipules sometimes adnate to the petiole: + + e) Herbs or shrubs; flowers in dense spikes; petioles not dilated + and not enclosing the young bud. + + =Piperaceæ= + + ee) Trees or shrubs; flowers on a common open receptacle, the fruit + becoming immersed in it. + + =Moraceæ= + + dd) Leaves without stipules; herbs sometimes slightly woody at the + base; ovary 1-celled. + + =Urticaceæ= + + aa) Calyx always present: + + b) Moss-like or hepaticiform aquatic herbs with minute flowers; ovules + 2 or more in a 1-celled ovary. + + =Podostemonaceæ= + + bb) Above characters not associated: + + c) Leaves opposite or verticillate, never all radical: + + d) Leaves stipulate: + + e) Flowers hermaphrodite: + + f) Herbs, sometimes slightly woody at the base; leaves mostly + pinnate. + + =Zygophyllaceæ= + + ff) Herbs with simple leaves. + + =Illecebraceæ= + + fff) Trees or shrubs with reduced flowers; leaves simple. + + =Ulmaceæ= + + ee) Flowers unisexual: + + f) Ovary 2- or more-celled, often deeply lobed; seeds usually with + a distinct caruncle. + + =Euphorbiaceæ= + + ff) Ovary 1-celled; ovary usually not lobed: + + g) Ovule erect: + + h) Filaments inflexed; mostly herbaceous with fibrous stems; + juice not milky. + + =Urticaceæ= + + hh) Filaments not inflexed; mostly trees and shrubs, rarely + herbs; juice mostly milky, the flowers often minute and arranged + on or inside an enlarged receptacle. + + =Moraceæ= + + gg) Ovule pendulous: + + h) Not aquatic: + + i) Filaments not inflexed in bud: + + j) Fruit a drupe; flowers monœcious or subdiœcious. + + =Ulmaceæ= + + jj) Fruit a small dry achene; flowers diœcious. + + =Cannabinaceæ= + + ii) Filaments erect or inflexed in bud. + + =Moraceæ= + + hh) Aquatic herb with verticillate divided leaves. + + =Ceratophyllaceæ= + + dd) Leaves exstipulate: + + e) Flowers unisexual; ovary usually 2- or more celled; seeds + usually with a distinct caruncle. + + =Euphorbiaceæ= + + ee) Flowers hermaphrodite; ovary 1-celled: + + f) Stamens involute in bud; calyx more or less herbaceous, often + long and tubular, mostly covered with sticky glands. + + =Nyctaginaceæ= + + ff) Stamens erect in bud: + + g) Sepals free or nearly so, calyx more or less dry and scarious: + + =Amarantaceæ= + + gg) Sepals more or less united, herbaceous. + + =Ficoidaceæ= + + cc) Leaves alternate or radical or reduced to scales: + + d) Leaves stipulate: + + e) Stamens monadelphous, usually numerous; calyx valvate: + + f) Flowers usually hermaphrodite; hairs usually stellate. + + =Sterculiaceæ= + + ff) Flowers always unisexual; hairs often simple. + + =Euphorbiaceæ= + + ee) Stamens free or shortly connate only at the base: + + f) Stamens the same number as the sepals and alternate with them. + + =Rhamnaceæ= + + ff) Stamens the same number as the sepals and opposite to them, or + more numerous or fewer: + + g) Stipules ochreate, _i.e._, sheathing and more or less + membranous around the stem; fruit a small nut. + + =Polygonaceæ= + + gg) Stipules not ochreate: + + h) Flowers hermaphrodite; stipules sheathing, sometimes adnate + to the petiole: + + i) Leaves digitately lobed; stems herbaceous creeping. + + =Rosaceæ= + + ii) Leaves not digitate; erect or diffuse herbs. + + =Molluginaceæ= + + hh) Flowers unisexual; stems not creeping: + + i) Ovary 3-celled, composed of 3 carpels; fruit a capsule. + + =Euphorbiaceæ= + + ii) Ovary 1-celled, composed of 1 carpel, fruit not a capsule. + + =Moraceæ= + + dd) Leaves exstipulate: + + e) Leaves ternately compound; herbs; ovary composed of 1 carpel, + long-stipitate in fruit; flowers paniculate or racemose, very + small. + + =Ranunculaceæ= + + ee) Leaves compound; trees and shrubs: + + f) Cultivated trees with milky latex; fruit a capsule, with + pendulous seeds; flowers unisexual; leaves digitate. + + =Euphorbiaceæ= + + ff) Indigenous trees or shrub; latex not milky; leaves pinnate. + + =Sapindaceæ= + + eee) Leaves simple: + + f) Stamens circinnately involute in bud; calyx tube often rather + long; ovary 1-celled; ovule 1, basal. + + =Nyctaginaceæ= + + ff) Stamens sometimes inflexed but not circinnate in bud: + + g) Stamens more or less connate into a central column; ovule + erect; seeds with ruminate endosperm. + + =Myristicaceæ= + + gg) Stamens free or the filaments shortly connate only at the + base: + + h) Stamens distinctly perigynous; sepals connate into a tube + below: + + i) Twiners; flowers in axillary spikes, racemes or panicles; + ovule solitary, basal. + + =Basellaceæ= + + ii) Herbs; stamens numerous; flowers solitary or clustered in + the axils of the leaves. + + =Ficoidaceæ= + + iii) Trees or shrubs; calyx mostly long and petaloid; leaves + frequently small and evergreen; stamens definite; anthers + opening by slits. + + =Thymelæaceæ= + + hh) Stamens hypogynous or slightly perigynous if accompanied by + a disk: + + i) Flowers arranged in an involucre (cyathium) margined by + glands; male flower reduced to a single stamen, the female to a + single stipitate ovary. + + =Euphorbiaceæ= + + ii) Flowers not as above; stamens more than 1: + + j) Trees or shrubs: + + k) Flowers unisexual; ovules solitary, pendulous; seed with + straight embryo. + + =Euphorbiaceæ= + + kk) Flowers unisexual or polygamous; ovules 2 in each cell, + collateral or the lower ascending; embryo spirally twisted. + + =Sapindaceæ= + + jj) Herbs: + + k) Calyx scarious; flowers often in spikes or heads; ovule 1 + in a 1-celled ovary. + + =Amarantaceæ= + + kk) Calyx herbaceous; flowers more or less paniculate; ovule + 1 in a 1-celled ovary. + + =Chenopodiaceæ= + + + =GROUP 13. One carpel or more than one united carpels; ovules attached + to the central axis or to the base or apex of the ovary cell; ovary + inferior; petals present, free from each other.= + + + a) Leaves opposite or verticillate; never all radical; rarely reduced + to scales: + + b) Leaves stipulate: + + c) Stamens opposite the petals and the same number. + + =Rhamnaceæ= + + cc) Stamens alternate with the petals or more numerous: + + d) Ovary composed of 2-6 carpels; 2-6 celled; flowers rarely + congested; ovules pendulous; mostly maritime trees or shrubs. + + =Rhizophoraceæ= + + dd) Ovary various; flowers rarely in heads; ovules ascending or + attached to the central axis; trees, shrubs or herbs. + + =Rosaceæ= + + bb) Leaves exstipulate: + + c) Trees, shrubs or climbers: + + d) Stamens numerous; leaves gland-dotted; style simple with a small + capitate stigma or rarely 3-4 lobed. + + =Myrtaceæ= + + dd) Stamens as many to twice as many as the petals: + + e) Stamens the same number and opposite the petals; mostly + parasitic shrubs or trees; calyx usually much reduced. + + =Loranthaceæ= + + ee) Stamens the same number and alternate with the petals or more + numerous: + + f) Anthers opening by a terminal pore; filaments often jointed; + leaves often with 3-9 longitudinally parallel nerves. + + =Melastomataceæ= + + ff) Anthers opening by longitudinal slits; calyx mostly valvate; + ovules 2 or more; fruits mostly winged; endosperm absent; flowers + in heads, spikes, racemes or panicles. + + =Combretaceæ= + + cc) Herbs: + + d) Anthers opening by a terminal pore; leaves mostly with + longitudinally parallel nerves; filaments often jointed. + + =Melastomataceæ= + + dd) Anthers opening by longitudinal slits: + + e) Ovules numerous on placentas pendulous from the apex of the + 1-celled ovary. + + =Saxifragaceæ= + + ee) Ovules 1-4, pendulous from the top of the ovary cells. + + =Halorrhagaceæ= + + aa) Leaves alternate or all radical: + + b) Flowers unisexual: + + c) Flowers mostly zygomorphic; stamens mostly indefinite in number; + no tendrils; stipules paired. + + =Begoniaceæ= + + cc) Flowers actinomorphic; stamens definite or rarely many, usually + 3; anthers often curved or twisted; tendrils present or absent; no + stipules. + + =Cucurbitaceæ= + + bb) Flowers hermaphrodite: + + c) Leaves stipulate: + + d) Herbs; leaves usually compound or much dissected, sometimes + peltate; sepals very small; fruit composed of 2 indehiscent + mericarps. + + =Umbelliferæ= + + dd) Trees or shrubs: + + e) Stamens the same number and opposite the petals; leaves entire + or toothed. + + =Rhamnaceæ= + + ee) Stamens alternate with the petals or more numerous or fewer; + flowers mostly in umbels; leaves compound, rarely simple; fruit a + berry or drupe. + + =Araliaceæ= + + cc) Leaves exstipulate: + + d) Stamens as many as and opposite to the petals; often parasitic on + other trees and shrubs; corolla usually brightly coloured. + + =Loranthaceæ= + + dd) Stamens alternate with the petals or more numerous; not + parasitic: + + e) Herbs: + + f) Ovules more than 1 in each ovary cell; ovary mostly 4-celled. + + =Onagraceæ= + + ff) Ovules 4 in a 1-celled ovary; flowers monœcious or polygamous, + not umbellate. + + =Halorrhagaceæ= + + fff) Ovules solitary in each cell; usually pendulous; flowers + umbellate; carpels separating in fruit into 2 indehiscent + mericarps. + + =Umbelliferæ= + + ee) Shrubs or trees: + + f) Petals entire or at most toothed; ovary 1-celled. + + =Combretaceæ= + + ff) Petals entire, 2-lobed or laciniate, often involute; ovary + 4-celled. + + =Rhizophoraceæ= + + +=GROUP 14. One carpel or more than one united carpel; ovules attached to + the central axis or to the base or apex of the ovary cell; ovary + inferior; petals present, more or less united.= + + + a) Leave opposite: + + b) Leaves stipulate, entire, stipules mostly inter- or intrapetiolar; + anthers free from each other; corolla always actinomorphic. + + =Rubiaceæ= + + bb) Leaves exstipulate: + + c) Anthers free from each other; ovules mostly pendulous: + + d) Leaves not gland-dotted; stamens definite; shrubs, mostly + parasitic on trees; flowers usually not in heads and not surrounded + by bracts. + + =Loranthaceæ= + + dd) Leaves gland-dotted; stamens mostly numerous; trees or shrubs; + flowers cymose or fasciculate. + + =Myrtaceæ= + + cc) Anthers mostly connivent or in pairs around the style: + + d) Ovule solitary erect; flowers mostly in heads surrounded by an + involucre of bracts. + + =Compositæ= + + dd) Ovules numerous; flowers usually not in heads and not surrounded + by bracts. + + =Campanulaceæ= + + aa) Leaves alternate or radical: + + b) Anthers free from one another: + + c) Stamens the same number and opposite the corolla lobes: + + d) Herbaceous, leaves not gland-dotted. + + =Primulaceæ= + + dd) Trees and shrubs: + + e) Not parasitic; leaves often gland-dotted; corolla short. + + =Myrsinaceæ= + + ee) Often parasitic; leaves not gland-dotted; corolla often long. + + =Loranthaceæ= + + cc) Stamens alternate with the corolla lobes or more numerous or + fewer: + + d) Flowers hermaphrodite; stems not climbing; anthers straight. + + =Campanulaceæ= + + dd) Flowers unisexual; stems often climbing by tendrils; anthers + often sinuous or twisted. + + =Cucurbitaceæ= + + bb) Anthers united into a ring around the style or flowers unisexual: + + c) Flowers not in heads surrounded by a common involucre. + + =Lobeliaceæ= + + cc) Flowers in heads surrounded by a common involucre. + + =Compositæ= + + + =GROUP 15. One carpel or more than one united carpels; ovules attached + to the central axis or to the base or apex of the ovary cell; ovary + inferior; petals absent.= + + + a) Parasitic herbs destitute of chlorophyll, the leaves reduced to + scales; ovules nude or with a single integument: + + b) Flowers densely crowded; fruits nut-like, 1-seeded; ovule solitary, + pendulous. + + =Balanophoraceæ= + + bb) Flowers solitary, large; ovules numerous. + + =Hydnoraceæ= + + aa) Not parasitic or if so then more or less woody and often with + normally developed leaves: + + b) Leaves stipulate: + + c) Flowers unisexual, stamens and ovules few, the latter solitary; + trees or shrubs. + + =Moraceæ= + + cc) Flowers hermaphrodite; stamens the same number and alternate with + the sepals. + + =Rhamnaceæ= + + bb) Leaves exstipulate: + + c) Ovules pendulous from the apex of the ovary or from the apex of a + basal placenta: + + d) Not parasitic; stamens inflexed in bud, often double the number + of the sepals; fruits often winged. + + =Combretaceæ= + + dd) Mostly parasitic; flowers small and leaves often reduced; + stamens erect in bud, the same number and opposite the sepals; fruit + not winged. + + =Santalaceæ= + + cc) Ovule 1, erect; mostly parasitic; flowers often brightly + coloured. + + =Loranthaceæ= + +ARTIFICIAL KEY TO THE FAMILIES OF MONOCOTYLEDONES REPRESENTED IN THIS +FLORA. + + a) Flowers very small, arranged on a spadix, more or less enclosed by a + green or coloured spathe; erect, creeping or climbing herbs; rootstock + often tuberous or thick and fleshy. + + =Araceæ= + + aa) Flowers not arranged as above: + + b) Small or minute floating plants not differentiated into stem and + leaves and with much reduced flowers consisting of 1-2 stamens and a + sessile ovary either naked or enclosed in a membranous perianth, + anthers 1-2 celled; ovary 1-celled; ovule 1 or more on a basal + placenta. + + =Lemnaceæ= + + bb) Characters not as above; if aquatic plants then usually with well- + developed leaves: + + c) Ovary apocarpous, of more than 1 carpel: + + d) Submerged aquatic plants: + + e) Perianth-segments 1-3, white or coloured. + + =Aponogetonaceæ= + + ee) Perianth-segments 4 and herbaceous, or absent. + + =Potamogetonaceæ= + + dd) Not aquatic or if so then not submerged: + + e) Carpels indehiscent; ovules 1 to few, basal or on the inner + angle of the carpel; marsh or aquatic herbs. + + =Alismataceæ= + + ee) Carpels dehiscent; ovules numerous on reticulately branched + parietal placentas; scapigerous marsh herbs with milky juice; + stamens usually 9. + + =Butomaceæ= + + eee) Carpels or fruit indehiscent, trees or shrubs with simple + stems and usually large, often palmate leaves. + + =Palmaceæ= (part) + + cc) Ovary syncarpous or carpel solitary: + + d) Ovary superior: + + e) Flowers in the axils of membranous or more or less dry bracts + (glumes) arranged in spikelets mostly arranged in spikes, racemes, + panicles or heads; carpel solitary; perianth of small scales or + bristles or absent: + + f) Stems usually triangular, solid and without nodes; leaf-sheaths + mostly closed all round the stem and usually without a ligule; + filament often attached to the base of the anther; ovule basal; + seed free from the pericarp. + + =Cyperaceæ= + + ff) Stems mostly cylindrical and hollow between the nodes; leaf- + sheaths nearly always split down one side and often terminating in + a distinct ligule; filament usually attached to the back of the + anther; ovule attached laterally; seed more or less adnate to the + pericarp. + + =Gramineæ= + + ee) Flowers usually with a distinct perianth or at any rate not in + spikelets, etc., as above; ovary usually composed of more than 1 + carpel: + + f) Flowers mostly hermaphrodite or if unisexual then not collected + into involucrate heads or dense spikes: + + g) Ovules on parietal placentas; fertile stamens 3: all the + perianth-segments petaloid; aquatic herbs; stamens 3 or 1. + + =Pontederiaceæ= (part) + + gg) Ovules on axile or basal placentas; fertile stamens usually + 6: + + h) Perianth present: + + i) Perianth-segments 2-seriate, the outer herbaceous, the inner + petaloid; leaf-bases sheathing. + + =Commelinaceæ= + + ii) Perianth-segments all more or less petaloid: + + j) Aquatic floating herbs with long petioles sheathing at the + base; 3 upper stamens included, 3 lower ones more or less + exserted. + + =Pontederiaceæ= + + jj) Not aquatic or rarely subaquatic; stamens 6, more or less + equal; + + =Liliaceæ= + + hh) Perianth absent or very rudimentary; carpel 1; submerged + aquatics with branched filiform smooth or muricate stems, + flowers diœcious or monœcious, axillary, small. + + =Naiadaceæ= + + ff) Flowers unisexual, collected into involucrate heads or dense + spikes: + + g) Flowers in dense involucrate heads; low herbs often stemless + with mostly densely crowded leaves. + + =Eriocaulaceæ= + + gg) Flowers in spadices; trees or shrubs, the stems bearing thick + aerial roots. + + =Pandanaceæ= + + ggg) Flowers in dense cylindric spikes; aquatic herbs with linear + alternate leaves and creeping rhizomes. + + =Typhaceæ= + + dd) Ovary inferior: + + e) Stamens 3-6: + + f) Ovules parietal: + + g) Leaves not divided; stigma not umbrella-shaped, flowers + hermaphrodite or unisexual. + + =Hydrocharitaceæ= + + gg) Leaves divided; stigma umbrella-shaped; leaves large, + divided. + + =Taccaceæ= + + ff) Ovules axile, basal or apical: + + g) Perianth-lobes or segments 3-6: + + h) Stamens 6 or 3; flowers very small, diœcious; stems climbing. + + =Dioscoreaceæ= + + hh) Stamens 6; flowers conspicuous, hermaphrodite; stems not + climbing. + + =Amaryllidaceæ= + + hhh) Stamens 3; inserted opposite the outer perianth-segments; + not climbing. + + =Iridaceæ= + + gg) Perianth-segment 1; stamens 5, rarely 6; leaves with pinnate + nervation; tall plants. + + =Musaceæ= + + ee) Stamen 1: + + f) Flowers actinomorphic or nearly so: + + g) Anthers 2-celled; ovules numerous; perianth-segments united + below. + + =Zingiberaceæ= + + gg) Anthers 1-celled; ovules solitary in each cell; petiole + thickened towards the apex. + + =Marantaceæ= + + ff) Flowers very zygomorphic; ovules numerous; andrœcium united + with the gynæcium into a column; anther sessile or subsessile on + the column. + + =Orchidaceæ= + + + + + =GYMNOSPERMÆ= + + + =CYCADACEÆ.= + + +1 =Encephalartos septentrionalis= _Schwfth._ MURIEPAI—Zande; KOTTO—Krej +& Indogo. + +Palm-like undershrub; stem fusiform or globose; up to 2 ft. high. Leaves +up to 5 ft. long, pinnate, pinnules up to 50 pairs, ovate-lanceolate, +falcate, 4-5 in. long, with 3-8 teeth in basal half, densely tomentose +on young fronds. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Golo; Deim Zubeir; Niamniam-land: Mambeli, Gumango +Hill near the Rye, on the Ibba (Tonj) River, east of the upper Hoo; +Bongo; Lessi River). + +A kind of beer is made from the central portion of the stem. + + + =GNETACEÆ.= + + +2 =Ephedra Alte= _C. A. Mey._ + +Diœcious shrub, climbing or erect; branches more or less whorled on +upper nodes. Leaves scale-like in whorls of 2-3, connate at base. Male +spikes axillary, solitary or in dense glomerules. Fem. spikes solitary +or fascicled. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.). + + + =ANGIOSPERMÆ= + + + =DICOTYLEDONES= + + + =ANONACEÆ.= + + +3 =Uvaria bukobensis= _Eng._ + +Small tree. Leaves oblong-elliptic, obtusely acuminate, up to 6 in. +long, nearly glabrous. Flowers usually in pairs above the axils. Sepals +and petals warted and shortly tomentose. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +=U. Schweinfurthii= _Eng._ & _Diels._ + +Leaves oblong cordate at the base, subacutely acuminate, 3-4 in. long, +with long weak hairs on the midrib. Flowers yellow, small. Petals ¾ in. +long. Fruiting carpels oblong with 3 or 4 transverse constrictions, +rusty-hairy. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Ibba River near Nganye: Niamniam-land). + + +=U. near U. Schweinfurthii= _Eng._ & _Diels._ (small leaves). + +Leaves oblong-lanceolate, rounded at the base, acute, 2-2½ in. long, ¾-1 +in. broad, covered below with soft stellate hairs. Flowers very small; +buds ovoid. Fruiting carpels oblong, with about 5 transverse +constrictions, rusty-tomentose. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: Kuddu). + + +=U. verrucosa= _Eng._ & _Diels._ + +Branchlets scurfy. Leaves oblong-elliptic, subcordate, 6 in. long, with +numerous lateral nerves, closely stellate-tomentellous below; flowers +not known. Fruiting carpels long stalked, warted. + +Congo Border by the Kambele. + + +4 =Meiocarpidium lepidotum= _Eng._ & _Diels._ WINGA—Jur. + +Small to middle-sized tree. Leaves oblong, long-acuminate, up to 8 in. +long, densely scaly below. Flowers covered with scales. Fruiting carpels +terete. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Tonj). + + +5 =Hexalobus monopetalus= _Eng._ & _Diels._ M’BANDA—Golo. + +Tree; fruit said to be edible. Leaves oblong, up to 5 in. long. Flowers +cream-coloured, sessile; 1-3 together, axillary; carpels 4-6. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Jur Ghattas and Kutshuk Ali, Mittu-land: +Mvolo, near Biri River); Bahr El Jebel (Madi & Bari countries). + + +=H. grandiflorus= _Benth._ BEJUGOLO & PORO—Golo. + +Middle-sized tree, with handsome pendant cream-coloured petals. Leaves +narrowly oval or oblanceolate, glabrous, carpels 10-12; ovary pilose. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land, Niamniam-land, Mittu-land & Dar +Fertit). + +White wood used for carpentry. + + +6 =Popowia djurensis= _Eng._ & _Diels._ + +Scandent shrub. Leaves small, up to 2 in. long, obtuse, oblong. Flowers +in shortly stalked axillary clusters. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land, Bongo-land & near Biri River). + + +=P. Schweinfurthii= _Eng._ & _Diels._ + +Scandent shrub. Leaves up to 6 in. long, sub-acuminate. Flowers very +small, axillary, in pairs on slender pedicels. + +Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Mbrwole River). + + +7 =Xylopia near oxypetala= _Eng._ & _Diels._ + +Leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtusely acuminate, 2-4 in. long, 1 in. broad, +finely pubescent below. Flowers axillary, subsessile. Fruits tomentose, +glabrous, whitish. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River); Belgian +Congo (Niamniam-land: Mbrwole River). + + +=X. Vallotii= _Chipp._ CHUWEI (J. Eliri)—Nuba. + +A middle-sized, straight tree. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, 2-2½ in. long, +1 in. broad, rounded at base. Fruiting carpels up to about 1 in. long. + +Nuba Mountains Prov. (J. Eliri). + + +8 =Anona senegalensis= _Pers._ KATEING (J. Eliri)—Nuba; APINROT—Dinka; +AMBALU—Jur; BAFI, DU, NDU & NU—Golo; BOGORA—Zande. + +Small tree; fruit up to size of a small orange, edible, nearly smooth. +Flowers solitary, pedunculate. Leaves oblong-elliptical to broadly +elliptical, pubescent above. Petals 6. + +Upper Nile Prov.; Nuba Mountains Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau, +Niamniam & Jur-land). + +The fruit is edible; the boiled leaves are used as a perfume by Golo +women. In Western Africa the whole plant is used in native medicine. + + +=A. reticulata= _Linn._ Bullock’s heart—Introduced. + +Small tree. Leaves narrow oval-oblong. Flowers 2-4 together; petals 3. +Fruit cordate or ovoid, faintly marked. + +Khartoum Prov. (Khartoum North: Shambat). + + +=A. squamosa= _Linn._ Custard Apple—GISHTA—Arab; Introduced. + +Shrub or small tree. Fruit ab. 2-3 in. across, green, marked with +somewhat rhomboidal adnate scales; pulp white, seeds black. Petals 3. + +Grown in gardens in many parts of the country. + + +=A. Cherimolla= _Mill._ Cherimoyer. Introduced. + +Shrub. Leaves acute to nearly obtuse. Flowers solitary or in pairs; +petals 3. Fruit sub-ovoid-cordate with obtusely tubercled areoles. + +Khartoum Prov. (Khartoum North: Shambat). + +The best of the Anonas. + + +9 =Monodora sp. nov.= + +A fine foliage tree 20 ft. Leaves oblong-elliptic, obtuse, cordate at +the base, 10-12 in. long, with numerous lateral nerves; flowers not +known, but probably handsome and mottled. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + + =RANUNCULACEÆ.= + + +10 =Clematis inciso-dentata= _Hochst._ SHADDEIP—Hadendowa. + +Woody climber. Leaves variable, pinnately or ternately divided. Flowers +in terminal or axillary panicles. Sepals petaloid, white, hairy inside; +petals 0. Fruiting head of silky white achenes. + +Red Sea Province (Erkowit); Nuba Mountains Prov. (Khor Abu Habl, +Dilling). + + +=C. glaucescens= _Fresen._ + +Weak woody climber. Leaves ternately divided, softly hairy below. +Flowers in short terminal and axillary panicles. Sepals very silky. +Fruiting heads with silky achenes shortly tailed. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Doguddu & Sabbi). Darfur Prov. +(Kulme). + + +=C. cf. C. glaucescens= _Fresen._ + +As above, but much longer tails to the achenes. + + +=C. simensis= _Fresen._ + +Woody climber. Leaves pinnatisect; leaflets 1-5, ovate to ovate- +lanceolate, crenate-serrate. Panicles many flowered. Flowers white, ¾ +in. diam.; sepals short silky within. Carpels hairy; tails 1 in. or +more. + +White Nile Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Kulme & Jebel Marra; up to 9,500 ft.). + + +=C. grata= _Wall._ + +Climber. Leaves pinnatisect; leaflets 3-7, ovate, rounded or cordate at +base, broadly crenate, silky or pubescent beneath. Flowers ¾ in. in +diam.; sepals nearly glabrous inside. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit). + + +11 =Clematopsis Oliveri= _Hutchinson._ + +Erect semi-woody plant. Upper leaves usually 3-fol., lower often 1-fol.; +leaflets obovate to linear-oblong. Flowers white, solitary; petals 0. +Achenes silky with long plumose tails. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +12 =Ranunculus pubescens= _Thunb._ + +Herb. Stems erect 1-2 ft. high. Lowest pinnæ usually petiolulate, lobes +3-fid or 3-partite; uppermost leaves sessile, 3-fid or rarely entire. +Petals 5, yellow. + +Darfur Prov. (Jebel Marra, 6,000 to 9,000 ft. Kulme). + + +13 =Nigella sativa= _Linn._ + +Erect herb. Sepals petaloid, blue; carpels connected together in the +middle, diverging above into 5 points. + +Darfur Prov. (Melit & Jebel Marra, 6,500 ft.). + + + =CERATOPHYLLACEÆ.= + + +14 =Ceratophyllum demersum= _Linn._ + +Sea-weed-like aquatic herb with verticils of 2-fid or dichotomously +divided and toothed leaves. Flowers axillary, monœcious, minute. + +Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov. (several places); Sobat River; Bahr El +Jebel (Mouth); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (above the mouth of the Jur River, +etc.). + + +=C. spp.= + +White Nile Prov.; Sobat River; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Bahr El Jebel. + + + =NYMPHÆACEÆ (Water lilies).= + + +15 =Nymphæa micrantha= _Guill._ & _Perr._ + +Aquatic herb with broadly ovate sagittate leaves and hairy bulbil at the +apex of the petiole. Flowers about 2½ in. long. Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Bongo-land: Kulongo). + + +=N. nubica= _Lehm._ + +Aquatic herb with large almost orbicular peltate leaves with undulate +margins. Flowers about 4 in. long. + +Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol). + + +=N. cærulea= _Savign._ SUTEIB—Arab; TWAL—Nuer. + +Aquatic herb. Leaves ovate-orbicular, very deeply cordate at the base, +glabrous, about 5 in. long. Flowers 2½ in. long, bluish. Sepals +lanceolate, subacute, lined with red. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: between Reggo & Kiro). + +=var. Schweinfurthiana= _Gilg_ & _Muschl._ + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Meshra El Rek, near Nuer villages). + +=var. Rehneltiana= _Gilg_ & _Muschl._ + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Jur Ghattas & Aggadi, & Bongo-land; Balu +Stream near Sabbi, Shambé); Upper White Nile Prov. (Tonga); Darfur Prov. +(Zalingei); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post). + + +=N. cf. N. cærulea= _Sav._ + +As preceding, but leaves more widely cordate and with undulate margins +and inconspicuous nerves. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=N. Lotus= _Linn._ SUTEIB—Arab; RUNGAIME—Zande. + +Leaves shortly peltate and deeply cordate at the base, coarsely toothed +and nervose below, shortly pubescent; flowers yellowish; stamens not +produced into an appendage beyond the anther cells. + +White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land, Addai, +Mittu-land, Niamniam-land, Kero, Lake No). + +The powdered root is used for piles, dysentery, and dyspepsia; the seeds +are used in skin diseases, leprosy, etc. + + + =MENISPERMACEÆ.= + + +16 =Tinospora Bakis= _Miers._ ERG EL HAGGAR (N. Kordn.)—Arab. + +Woody climber with thick fleshy bark. Leaves cordate, entire, glabrous. +Racemes axillary or at end of lateral shoots. Flowers small diœcious, +solitary or fascicled in the axils of minute bracts. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Kordofan Prov. (Wadi El Ain, J. Kōn, J. Tellele, +Daragaza). + + +17 =Desmonema mucronulatum= _Eng._ + +Climber. Leaves rhomboid sub-cordate. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: J. Baginze). + + +18 =Chasmanthera dependens= _Hochst._ + +Climber. Leaves rotundate ovate, more or less lobed; inflor. in pendent +racemes. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dinka-land: Lau, Jur-land: Wau, & Kutshuk Ali). + + +19 =Cocculus Leæba= _DC._ ZEGAI or ZEGAIN (Kordn.)—Arab. + +Woody climber with red berries. Leaves alternate, oblong, ½ to 1 in. +long. Flowers green, diœcious, small. Male flowers in axillary panicles; +sepals, petals and stamens 6 respectively. Female flower solitary or in +pairs on axillary peduncles; style 3-armed. + +Red Sea Prov. (Port Sudan to Soturba); Berber Prov. (Atbara); Blue Nile +Prov. (Abu Haraz); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. + +Used in native medicine in various parts of the world for intermittent +fevers. It contains two alkaloids and is similar to the official Pareira +Brava in properties. + + +=C. Holopeira-torrida= _Miers._ GUMALI (Fung)—Arab; LELINGA—Bari. + +Pubescent, woody climber. Leaves sometimes very variable, from hastate- +lanceolate to deltoid rotundate, or hastately 3-7 lobed. Male flowers +fascicled, sessile or nearly so. Female flowers fascicled or solitary, +subsessile. + +Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Bahr El Jebel: Bor Mission, +Malik). + +In Dar-Fung the pounded stem is given with Durra to donkeys for cough. + + +20 =Cissampelos Pareira= _Linn._ DERE—Golo. + +Climber with reniform-cordate leaves. Flowers diœcious. Male flowers in +axillary, usually branched racemes, tetramerous; petals connate into a +4-lobed cup; stamens monadelphous. Female flowers in long, usually +simple racemes, with numerous broad foliaceous bracts. + +Fung, & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces. + +The Golo women wear the plant round their necks to bring luck. In India +it is used as a mild tonic and diuretic. + + +=C. mucronata= _A. Rich._ + +Climber with broadly ovate leaves widely cordate at the base and a +little peltate, laxly pubescent below. Male flowers in rather short +cymes. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli & Jongol’s Post). + + +=C. rigidifolia= _Eng._ + +Climber with very broadly ovate peltate leaves about 3 in. long, softly +tomentose below; male flowers in long slender racemes of umbels. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Ibba River, near Nganye, Nabambisso River in +Niamniam-land). + + +21 =Stephania abyssinica= _Rich._ + +Wiry climber with small broadly ovate leaves peltate and rounded at the +base, glaucous and strongly reticulate, glabrous; flowers small in +axillary cymes. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + + =ARISTOLOCHIACEÆ.= + + +22 =Aristolochia bracteata= _Retz._ ABU- and UM-GALAGEL (or ABJALAJEL), +ERG EL AKRAB (or AGRAB), UM GEREISAT—Arab; LEJIR (Meshra El +Zeraf)—Dinka; KĀWKAWL (J. Eliri)—Nuba. + +Trailing, glaucous herb, glabrous except inside the perianth. Leaves +alt., ovate-subcordate, ¾ in.-2 in. long, crenulate-undulate. Flowers +solitary, axillary; bracts cordate, about ½ in. long; per. tube green, +yellow inside, with short reflexed hair, dilated and globose at base, +tubular above, about ½ in. long; limb maroon-coloured, unilateral, +ligulate, 1 in. long; st. 6; styles 6. Caps. subglobose, about ½ in. +diam. + +Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Sinkat, J. Waratab); Kassala Prov. (Goz Regeb); +Khartoum Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Wad Shallai, Salati, J. Arashkol); +Kordofan Prov. (Taiara to J. Eliri); Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El +Zeraf); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Bahr El Jebel. + +The whole plant is very bitter and is said to have anthelmentic and +purgative properties. A portion made of pounded roots and water is used +to calm abdominal pains. The leaves and roots are also used as a cure +for boils and guinea-worm. It is believed to be an antidote to snake- +poison and scorpion bites; the Sudanese wear the plant as a charm to +avert scorpion stings, and also rub the charred roots on the site of the +sting. + + +=A. bongoensis= _Engl._ + +Glaucous twining herb. Leaves cordate, obtuse about 1½ in. long and +wide; basal nerves about 8; pet. 1 in. long. Infl. elongated; bracts +cordate-ovate, amplexicaul. Flowers not known. Caps. obovoid, about 2 +in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: near Sabbi). + + +23 =Pararistolochia triactina= _Hutch._ & _J. M. Dalz._ + + _Aristolochia triactina_ Hook. f. + +Woody climber; stem smooth, shining. Leaves deeply cordate, entire to 3- +or obscurely 5-lobed, ¾ in. long and wide; pet. 1-4 in. long. Flowers in +short axillary racemes; per.: lower part obliquely ovoid, 1½ in. long, +tube curved, 2 in. long, ½ in. diam., ciliate at throat, lobes 3, sub- +equal, patent, triangular-caudate, 2 in. long, anthers and stigmas 10. +Fruit about 1 ft. long and 1½ in. diam. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + + =HYDNORACEÆ.= + + +24 =Hydnora sp.= TARTŪS—Arab. + +Parasitic, fungus-like plant with a fleshy, warted, subterranean +rhizome. Flowers large evil-smelling. + +Kassala, Blue Nile & Fung Provinces. + +Parasitic on roots of Acacia sp. The rhizomes contain a large percentage +of tannin and are used medicinally as an astringent in dysentery and +also for tanning skins. + + + =PIPERACEÆ.= + + +25 =Piper umbellatum= _Linn._ + +Erect shrub, 4-5 ft. high; branches jointed at the nodes. Leaves +reniform, 3-12 in. across, cuspidate, deeply cordate, basal nerves +11-13; pet. sheathing at base. Umbels of 2-7 spikes on short axillary +peduncles. Flowers minute 2-sexual; per. 0; stamens about 3; stigmas 3; +fr. trigonous; bracts suborbicular, ciliate. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: near Nakofo River). + + +=P. guineense= _Schum._ & _Thonn._ + +Stout woody creeper, climbing by means of densely hairy adventitious +rootlets. Leaves ovate, acuminate, cordate to cuneate, 4-5 in. long, +glabrous except under the nerves; petals up to ¾ in. Spikes solitary, +leaf-opposed, in fruit up to 4 in. long; bracts rotundate, peltate; per. +0; stigmas 3. Fr. globose, mucronate, about ⅙ in. diam. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit: Deim Guju, Niamniam-land: Rivers +Boddo, Atasilli & Kalensho). + + +=P. capense= _Linn. f._ ADURAKA—Zande. + +Erect or climbing shrub; branches swollen at the nodes. Leaves ovate, +shortly acuminate, about 4 in. long, base cordate or rounded, pellucid- +dotted, 5-7 nerved, villous beneath on nerves; petals about 1 in. long. +Catkins at end of short lateral branches appearing to spring from middle +of petiole, about 2 in. long; peduncles about ¾ in. long; bracts +peltate; per. 0; stamens 2-3, anther-cells with wide connective stigmas +2, recurved. Fr. obtuse, compressed, sessile. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +26 =Peperomia knoblecheriana= _Schott._ + +Succulent glabrous annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves, except 2 lowest, +alternate, rotundate-ovate, ⅛ in. long, subcordate. Spikes solitary and +terminal, lax, ¼ in. long; flowers 8-12; per. 0; stamens 2. Berry +subglobose, minute, blackish. + +Banks of the Bahr El Jebel (5°-7° Lat. N.). + + + =PAPAVERACEÆ.= + + +27 =Argemone mexicana= _Linn._ + +Herb; leaves prickly; flowers yellow. Capsule with 4-7 placentas, +dehiscing at apex into short valves. + +Red Sea Prov.; Khartoum Prov. + +Introduced. + +The seeds are acrid and possess emetic and cathartic properties, they +are poisonous in large doses. They yield an oil which has been suggested +for use in soap-making and as an illuminant, and which has been classed +as a drying oil. + + + =FUMARIACEÆ.= + + +28 =Fumaria officinalis= _Linn._ + +Pale, weak annual, with white, rose or purple flowers. Leaves much +divided. + +White Nile Prov. (probably introduced). + + + =TURNERACEÆ.= + + +29 =Wormskioldia lobata= _Urban._ + +Herb, 18 in.; stems not bristly. Flowers dilute yellow. Petals clawed. +Stamens 5, unequal. Capsule linear, almost moniliform. Seeds pitted. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Bahr El Jebel). + + +=W. pilosa= _Schwfth._—_W. heterophylla_ Sch. & Thonn. + +Stout herb; stems with numerous purplish bristles. Leaves alternate, 4-5 +in. long, lanceolate, toothed or pinnately lobed. Peduncles axillary, +about 5-flowered. Flowers yellow. Petals clawed. Stamens 5, unequal. +Capsule moniliform. + +Darfur Prov. (Kulme); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + + =CAPPARIDACEÆ.= + + +30 =Cleome chrysantha= _Dec._ SAFEIRA, ASIN (Dongola)—Arab. + +Herb, up to 18 in. high. Leaves simple, oblong to rotundate-ovate. +Flowers in axils of upper leaves; stamens 10-14. Capsule oval-oblong, +about ¼ in. long. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat., from sea level to 4,000 ft.); Halfa Prov.; +Dongola Prov.; Berber Prov. (Berber Desert & Wadi Aros). + + +=C. scaposa= _DC._ + +Hispid herb; flowers small. Leaves simple ovate to orbicular or cordate. +Stamens 6. Capsule linear, up to 1½ in. long. Seeds minutely pitted. + +Nubia (between Suakin & Berber at Wadi Omarig); Red Sea Prov. (sea coast +22° Lat. N., J. Waratab); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land); Khartoum Prov. (J. Royan). + + +=C. monophylla= _Linn._ LISAN EL TEIR (Meshra El Zeraf—Arab; AKIA +(Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka. + +Erect herb, up to 2 ft. high. Flowers deep violet; pod on short +gynophore, linear, cylindrical, straight. Leaves simple, lanceolate. +Stamens 6. + +Kordofan Prov. (Abu Haraza and J. Kurbaj); Upper White Nile Prov. +(Meshra El Zeraf); Mongalla Prov. (Sheikh Tombé); Darfur Prov. (Kulme); +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post). + + +=C. arabica= _Linn._ + +Erect scabrous herb; leaves 3-foliolate. Racemes leafy; stamens 5-6. +Capsule linear-oval, pendulous. + +Nubia; Red Sea Prov.; throughout Libya and the Sudan. + + +=C. tenella= _Linn. f._ + +Glabrous herb, 1-2 ft. high; leaves 3-fol., leaflets filiform. Stamens +6. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Kordofan Prov. + + +=C. brachycarpa= _Vahl._ ABULIKEITA (N. Kordn.)—Arab; BERBA’A (Port +Sudan), & BERBERAN—Hadendowa. + +Low herb, 4-8 in. high; leaves 1-5 fol. Stamens 6 (one sometimes +imperfect). Capsule elliptical, about ¼ in. long. + +Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat.: at Ras Renai, near Saltpans); +Kordofan Prov. (at Helba & Hadfia). + + +=C. viscosa= _Linn._ RIHAN (Meshra El Zeraf), KOWAL (Blue Nile)—Arab. + +Glandular pubescent herb, 1-2 ft. high; leaves 3-5 fol. Flowers yellow. +Pod without gynophore, linear, cylindrical. + +Red Sea Prov.; Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; +White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El +Zeraf); Darfur Prov. (Barkin) + +The seeds are used for removing impurities from the eyes. (Similar to +No. 37 below.) + + +=C. polyanthera= _Schwfth._ & _Gilg._ + +A slender branched herb with digitate leaves and 3 linear leaflets. +Flowers pink or white in lax racemes on very slender pedicels. Fruits +linear, stipitate, 2 in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land, Jur-land: Gir and between Agada & +Kutshuk Ali). + + +=C. niamniamensis= _Schwfth._ & _Gilg._ + +Similar to above but dwarfer. Flowers subsolitary and fruits only ½ in. +long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Gumango Hills on gneiss). + + +=C. paradoxa= _R. Br._ NA’ANAA & MUFRAK EL ROWAIR (N. Kordn.)—Arab. + +Erect shrubby plant, 2-3 ft. high; leaves 3-6 fol.; corolla bright +yellow or rose. Capsule linear, 4 in. long. + +Red Sea Prov. (Sinkat & 21° N. Lat.); Kassala Prov. (J. Erimbat, Goz +Regeb); Between Suakin & Berber; Kordofan Prov. + + +=C. diandra= _Burch._ + +Glabrous or thin-glandular herb; leaves 3, 5 or 7 fol.; leaflets narrow. +Perfect stamens 2. Capsule narrow linear, 2-3 in. long. + +Kordofan & Darfur Provinces. + + +=C. Hanburyana= _Penzig._ + +A rank herb; stems covered with gland-tipped hairs; leaflets 5, +glabrescent, gradually changing into bracts: flowers pink, racemose- +corymbose. Fruits 3½ in. long, glandular-puberulous. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat., sea level to 3-4,000 ft.). + + +=C. cf. C. Hanburyana= _Penzig._ + +Similar to above but much more pubescent. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat., sea level to 3-4,000 ft.). + + +31 =Gynandropsis gynandra= _(L.) Briq._ TAMALEIKA—Arab; AKAKI—Dinka; +KURE—Zande. + +Erect herb; leaves 5-fol.; flowers white or purplish; stamens long, +inserted on the gynophore. Pod linear, slightly curved, 2-3 in. long. + +Berber, Bahr el Ghazal, Khartoum, Kassala, Red Sea, Blue Nile, Fung, +White Nile, Kordofan, Darfur & Mongalla Provinces. + +The seeds are anthelmintic, and together with the leaves, are used in +native medicine. The plant is also eaten as a vegetable. + + +32 =Dipterygium glaucum= _Dec._ SAFEIRA—Arab; WAKERIS-HAQ—Hadendowa; +ZEIBUG—Rashida. + +Shrubby herb. Leaves small, oblong or ovate; capsule elliptical, with a +membranous wing, 1-seeded, strongly reticulate. + +Nubia; Berber Prov.; Between Suakin & Berber; Kassala Prov. + +A camel fodder plant. + + +33 =Cratæva Adansonii= _DC._ DABKAR & UM BUKHEISA—Arab; KLIEH (J. Eliri) +& BURURU (Kadugli)—Nuba; TIFTA—Bari; BIUT (Renk), KAI (Kaka), KAT, KAIT, +KIT or KOG (Mongalla)—Dinka; ABUDEH—Shilluk; AGAILI—Hameg; KÄICH—Nuer. + +Small to large tree. Leaves 3-fol.; flowers white, scented, with long +purple stamens. Fruit a globose berry, about 2 in. in diameter, on +thickened gynophore. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (Birket Kolli); Upper White +Nile Prov. (Kodok); Bahr El Arab; Generally distributed south of Lat. +14° N. + +The fruit is edible; the bark and the leaves are used medicinally. The +tree occasionally attains a large size, e.g., Jonglay, Atem River. The +wood is moderately hard, even grained, but not very durable. The +medullary rays are thin and very numerous, the pores being uniform, +rather small, arranged in short lines and curves. + + +34 =Capparis spinosa= _Linn._ LASSAF—Arab. + +Trailing shrub. Leaves coriaceous, rotundate; stipular spines recurved +or nearly straight. Flowers 1-3 in. across, axillary, solitary or in +loose lateral racemes, white. Frui. oval, oblong, on a strong gynophore. + +Kordofan Prov. + +The buds furnish the edible capers of commerce. + + +=C. galeata= _Fres._ LASAF—Arab. + +Spinose trailing shrub. Leaves ovate to rotundate with curved mucro. +Flowers large axillary, solitary. Fruit clavate-pyriform 3-4 in. long on +a stalk up to 2 in. long. + +Nubia: Red Sea Prov. (J. Hotarber, 22° N. Lat. & 21° N. Lat., and near +Sinkat, from sea level to 4,000 ft.). + + +=C. tomentosa= _Lam._ HEKKABIT, MURDU, SHAROBA, or GULUM—Arab; KUBDI +(Dilling)—Nuba; LULUMEH—Bari; BAN or ABBAN, BORID (Kaka & +Kenissa)—Dinka; BUT—Shilluk; UNGONO—Jur; MANGAMANGA—Golo. + +Scandent prickly shrub with velvety elliptical leaves. Flowers white +with indefinite pink stamens, solitary and axillary or in terminal +racemes or corymbs. + +Widely distributed south of Lat. 15° N. and in the Red Sea Prov. + +The shrub is stated to be poisonous to camels. + + +=C. persicifolia= _A. Rich._ + +Scandent prickly shrub; prickles paired on each side of the petiole. +Leaves oblong-elliptic, about 2 in. long, obtuse, nearly glabrous; +pedicels 1 in. long. Fruit ellipsoid, 1 in. long, stipitate. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: near the Gash River); +Berber Prov. (Atbara, left bank); Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov.; Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: by the River Rohl, & Niamniam-land: by the +River Ibba). + + +=C. micrantha= _A. Rich._ + +Prickly, straggling shrub. Flowers small, white, sub-corymbose. Leaves +oblong-lanceolate. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Meshra El Rek, Shambé); Mongalla Prov. (at 4° 54″ +N. Lat.). + + +=C. corymbosa= _Lam._ + +Prickly, scrambling shrub. Leaves ovate or elliptical. Flowers in +lateral or terminal corymbs or fascicles. + +Fung Prov. (Saoleil, etc.); White Nile Prov. (El Dueim); Darfur Prov.; +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Dilling). + + +=C. djurica= _Gilg_ & _Ben._ + +Shrub with densely pilose branches. Leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, about +1¼ in. long and about ½ in. broad, emarginate. Flowers in rather dense +racemes. Sepals glabrous. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=C. jodotricha= _Gilg_ & _Ben._ + +Climbing shrub; young branches tomentose; spines large, recurved. Leaves +ovate, 2 in. long, 1¼ in. broad, at first densely pilose, at length +glabrous. Flowers in fascicles, crowded. Sepals tomentose outside. + +Upper White Nile Prov. (Kodok). + + +=C. Rothii= _Oliv._ MURDU (Baggara), & SH’AIBEIT (Fung)—Arab; MUARTA +(Dilling)—Nuba; RIADI—Bari; RIAT (Bor)—Dinka. + +Thorny climber or small tree. Leaves elliptic-oblong, often emarginate. +Flowers white, in axillary fascicles, up to 6 flowers. Fruit globose, +somewhat pointed, about 1 in. across, turning red when ripe. + +Upper White Nile Prov. (Kodok, Renk, Melut); Mongalla Prov. + + +=C. erythrocarpa= _Isert._ + +Thorny climber. Fruit scarlet, hexagonal, about size of a walnut. Leaves +elliptical, obtuse. Flowers axillary, solitary, 2 in. across. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: Kuddu, Bongo-land: Baiko). + + +=C. aphylla= _Roth._ + + +=C. decidua= _Pax._ TUNDUB—Arab; SAROP—Hadendowa; KAMRE (J. Daier), & +SHIMEIL (Dilling)—Nuba; NANGOT—Shilluk. + +Shrub or small tree, spiny and generally leafless. Flowers pink; fruit +size of a small cherry. + +Widely distributed north of Lat. 13° N., also occurs in Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. + +The fruit (Arabic, HUNBUG) is edible, the plant is considered useful for +boils, eruptions, swelling and affections of the joints. + + +35 =Boscia octandra= _Hochst._ MOKHEIT & UMKHEIT (Darfur)—Arab; FOG +(Renk)—Dinka; ATOKA—Golo; DEB (Ghabat El Arab)—Nuer; ARAY—Jur. + +Shrub or small tree. Leaves more or less oval, thick and dark coloured; +flowers sub-umbellate or racemose, sweet scented. Fruit globose under ½ +in. diameter. Stamens 8-20. Widely distributed south of Lat. 16° N. + +The fruit, called KURSAN by Arabs, is edible; an emulsion of the leaves +is used as an eyewash. + + +=B. angustifolia= _A. Rich._ TIRLING (J. Daier)—Nuba. + +Tree or shrub. Flowers greenish, fragrant. Leaves coriaceous, narrow, +lanceolate, oblong or obovate. Fruit globose, under ½ in. diameter. +Stamens 6-9. + +Kordofan Prov.; Whole Sudan through Kordofan. + + +=B. firma= _Rad._ + +Woody shrub with crowded fasciculate, narrowly oblong elliptic leaves, +1½ in. long, ½ in. broad, very strongly reticulate below. Racemes very +short. Fruits sub-globose, very small. + +Fung & Kordofan Provinces. + + +=B. salicifolia= _Oliv._ SAHAI (Kordn.), TILEITILLA (N. Kordn.), +KARAUERAU (Baggara), & SESIFAN (Fung)—Arab; KOLWAKAI (J. Eliri)—Nuba. + +Shrub or a straight, graceful tree. Leaves elongate-linear or +lanceolate, 2-5 in. long. Flowers in axillary racemes; stamens 6-14. +Fruit ellipsoid-globose, ¾ in. long, shortly stipitate. + +Fung, White Nile, Kordofan, Darfur & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces. + + +36 =Courbonia virgata= _A. Brongn._ KARKADAN (Mongalla), KURDAN +(Baggara)—Arab; DAYA—Bari; ABRO—Golo. + +Glabrous, glaucous shrub or undershrub, with leafy, virgate branches; +flowers axillary, solitary; petals 0. Leaves glaucous, elliptical to +ovate. Fruit globose, about 1 in. diameter. + +Red Sea Prov.; Berber Prov.; Blue Nile, Fung, White Nile, Kordofan & +Bahr El Ghazal Provinces. + +The ashes of leaves and stem are used as a substitute for salt. Fruit +edible. + + +=C. decumbens= _A. Brongn._ + +Bush. Leaves glaucous, ovate, faintly 3-nerved, 1¼ in. long, mucronate. +Flowers axillary, solitary. Fruit sub-globose, 1¼ in. long, beaked. + +Bahr El Jebel (Madi Plains). + + +37 =Cadaba glandulosa= _Forsk._ IRKIS (White Nile), KURMUT SOGHEIR—Arab. + +Undershrub. Leaves small, round, closely packed on the branches. Racemes +terminal, few-flowered. Petals none; petaloid appendix ligulate. Stamens +5. Fruit oblong, ½ in. long, on a gynophore. + +Red Sea Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Jebelein); Kordofan & +Darfur Provinces. + + +=C. rotundifolia= _Forsk._ KURMUT, or rarely ADDIMIR (Blue Nile)—Arab; +YAM—Hadendowa; KOG (Renk)—Dinka. + +Shrub. Leaves orbicular. Flowers in terminal racemes. Sepals 2; petals, +2 green and a yellow tubular nectary; stamens 5; ovary 1-celled. + +Red Sea Prov.; Berber Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); +Upper White Nile Prov. + +The plant is said to be a powerful purgative. + + +=C. farinosa= _Forsk._ SURREIH or SURRAYA (Fung)—Arab; NIADA—Bari; BUT +(Renk), & ANEIT or NEIT (Mongalla Prov.)—Dinka. + +Undershrub or scrambling climber. Fruit slightly torulose; seeds covered +by bright orange inner membrane of capsule. Leaves oval-oblong, +apiculate, mostly in fascicles. Flowers greenish; sepals 4; petals 4; +stamens 5; ovary 1-celled. + +Red Sea, Kassala, Berber, Khartoum, Blue Nile, Fung, White Nile, Upper +White Nile & Darfur Provinces. + + +=C. longifolia= _DC._ + +Glabrous shrub, or extremities mealy. Leaves linear-oblong or +lanceolate. Flowers in terminal corymbs; petals 4; appendix linear- +lanceolate, as long as sepals; stamens 4. + +Red Sea Coast; North of Kassala. + + +38 =Maerua jasminifolia= _Gilg_ & _Ben._ BUDU—Bari. + +Shrub or small tree. Leaves 3-fol., fruit globose. + +Mongalla Prov. (Sheikh Tombé). + + +=M. variifolia= _Gilg._ & _Ben._ + +Shrub; branchlets softly pubescent. Leaves elliptic, mucronate, 1½ in. +long, slightly pubescent. Flowers sub-corymbose; pedicels ¾ in. long; +petals small with crinkled margins. Fruits torulose, about 1 in. long. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Mongalla Prov. + + +=M. crassifolia= _Forsk._ SAREH, SARHA or SURRAKH (Berber), KOWOGE +(Baggara)—Arab; KAMOP (Port Sudan)—Hadendowa; TUMBU (Kadugli)—Nuba. + +Stiff tree or shrub with spinose branches. Leaves small, up to ¾ in. +long, obovate to linear-oval. Flowers axillary, 1-3 together; petals 0; +stamens indefinite. Fruit torulose. + +Red Sea Prov. (from sea level to 4,000 ft.); Dongola Prov.; Berber +Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (Bara & Abu Gamaiz); Darfur Prov. + + +=M. aethiopica= _Oliv._ BAK BELE—Golo. + +Erect, virgate shrub. Leaves oblong to elliptical. Flowers corymbose; +petals 4, rotundate; stamens indefinite. Fruit coriaceous, subglobose. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land, Kutshuk Ali, Jur +Ghattas & Jur Aweit, Bongo-land, Gir). + + +=M. angolensis= _DC._ MARI (Khasa, Red Sea Prov.), RAU ER AU (Kordofan +at Birket), SHAGAR EL ZERAF (Kordn.), & SHAGAR EL DUD (Fung)—Arab; +DOGHING (J. Daier)—Nuba; SHALEIB (Erkowit)—Hadendowa; AFIAT +(Renk)—Dinka; TIIT (Ghabat El Arab)—Nuer. + +Small tree. Flowers white. Fruit moniliform. Leaves lanceolate to +obovate. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & Has Has); Kassala Prov.; Fung Prov.; White Nile +Prov. (Jebelein & near Nyemati); Upper White Nile Prov. (Ghurab El Eish, +near Melut, Um Songur, etc.); Kordofan (El Birkat); Darfur (Jebel Marra, +Kallokitting 4,000 ft.). + +Wood yellowish, heavy, hard and fine grained, but brittle; takes a good +polish. + + +=M. dolichobotrya= _Gilg_ & _Ben._ + +Woody shrub, 3 ft. high. Leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, about 2 +in. long, ⅓ in. broad, glabrous. Flowers in elongated leafy racemes. +Petals shortly clawed, rather thick. + +White Nile Prov. + + +=M. oblongifolia= _A. Rich._ ERG EL MEHABBA (White Nile), ASS’AIB +(Atbara), SURREIH (Fung), ABU TAMARA (C. Kordn.), ALAG & SIRH +(Khartoum)—Arab; KAFITO & NIETEH—Bari; BUN—Burun; ANEIT (Goz el +Siada)—Dinka. + +Straggling shrub. Leaves linear-oblong, calyx pale green, 4 sepals; +petals 4, whitish green, stamens indefinite; gynophore white. Fruit +about 1 in. long, very torulose or moniliform. + +Red Sea Prov.; Between Suakin & Berber (J. Langeb); Berber Prov. +(Atbara); Khartoum & White Nile Provinces; Most parts of the Sudan south +of Khartoum. + +Fruit edible. + + + =MORINGACEÆ.= + + +39 =Moringa aptera= _Gaertn._ MAI—Arab. + +Moderate to small-sized tree with whip-like branches and scanty, minute +leaves. Flowers pink. Fruit capsules ridged, about 1 ft. long; seeds not +winged. + +Red Sea Prov. (rare). + + +=M. pterygosperma= _Gaertn._ + +Small tree with corky bark. Leaves usually tripinnate. Flowers strongly +scented; petals white with yellow dots at base. Pods up to 13 in. long, +slender, 9-ribbed. Seeds winged. + +Introduced from India. Khartoum Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (Bareis); Darfur +Prov., etc. + +The seeds yield the Ben Oil. + + + =CRUCIFERÆ.= + + +40 =Matthiola elliptica= _R. Br._ + +Herb with a white flower, like a small Stock. Leaves petiolate, +elliptic, hoary; pod siliquose, rather thick. + +Red Sea Prov. (Khor Ashat, and 21° N. from sea level to 3-4,000 ft.); +White Nile Prov. + + +=M. sp.= + +Hoary herb with subsessile, lanceolate toothed leaves, about 1 in. long; +hairs stellate. Pods subsessile, very hairy. + +Red Sea Prov. (Khor Tamanib). + + +41 =Nasturtium indicum= _Linn._ FIKKI (Darfur)—Arab. + +Glabrous branching herb. Leaves sessile, lyrate-pinnatifid, auricled. +Flowers yellow, small in lax racemes. Siliqua nearly ¾ in., cylindrical. + +Dongola Prov. (Argo Island); Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); +Kordofan Prov. + + +42 =Morettia Philæana= _DC._ TAGHAL (Atbara), SAGGAR—Arab. + +Stiff, erect, hispid herb. Leaves linear-lanceolate to oblanceolate, +hoary or hispid. Petals slightly longer than the very hairy sepals. +Fruits strongly curved, ⅓ in. long. + +Wadi Halfa; Berber Prov. (Atbara, Murat); Dongola Prov. (Omdi); Kordofan +Prov. (Maties). + +Good camel fodder. + + +=M. canescens= _Boiss._ + +A stiff herb covered with whitish stellate hairs. Leaves elliptic, +subacute, petiolate. Fruits ribbed, slightly curved, ½ in. long, +stellate-pubescent. + +Near Wadi Halfa. + + +43 =Anastatica Hierochuntica= _Linn._ + +Woody herb. Fruit short, with a round auricle on each side of the apex. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat., from sea level to 4,000 ft.). + +The common Rose of Jericho of the Mediterranean. + + +44 =Farsetia ægyptiaca= _Turr._ DAHAIAN (Atbara), GHARBA—Arab. + +Shrubby; flowers white; siliquas small, oval. Leaves linear, hoary. + +Nubia; Between Goz Regeb & Kassala; Red Sea Prov. (near Karora). + + +=F. longisiliqua= _Dec._ DAKHEYAN (N. Kordn.), & DAHAIAN (C. +Kordn.)—Arab. + +Hoary undershrub. Leaves narrow-linear. Flowers in spicate racemes, +rather distant. Siliqua linear, slightly curved, hoary, 1 in. long. + +White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (J. Kurbaj); Darfur Prov. +(Kulme, & Sherif Kabbashi); Red Sea Prov. (near Karora). + + +=F. grandiflora= _Fourn._ UMHABEIBA (White Nile)—Arab. + +Slender, erect, pale annual. Leaves linear-lanceolate, 1-3 in. long. +Siliqua linear 1-2 in. long. + +White Nile & Upper White Nile Provinces (Hillet Abbas to Meshra El +Zeraf); Kordofan Prov. + + +=F. ramosissima= _Hochst._ + +Branching herb. Leaves linear-lanceolate. Flowers densely spicate. +Siliqua short. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat., up to 4,000 ft.); Khartoum Prov.; Kordofan +Prov. (Khursi); Darfur Prov. (Plains below J. Marra, 3,000 ft.). + + +45 =Sisymbrium erysimoides= _Desf._ + +Herb, 1-3 ft. high. Upper leaves lyrate pinnatisect. Siliquas divergent, +rigid, linear-subulate. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat., between sea level & 4,000 ft.). + + +46 =Diplotaxis erucoides= DC. + +Herb, 1-2 ft. high. Lower leaves lyrate-pinnatifid or obovate-toothed. +Flowers white or purplish on ebracteate racemes. Siliqua 1 in. long, +ascending. Seeds biseriate. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & Karora). + + +47 =Eruca sativa= _Lam._ GARGUIR (Egypt)—Arab. + +Erect branching herb. Leaves lyrate to oblanceolate, more or less deeply +toothed. Flowers white or yellow on ebracteate racemes. Siliqua linear- +oblong, turgid erect, beaked. Seeds biseriate. + +Nubia cultivated. + +The seeds yield an oil similar to Colza. The leaves are used as a salad, +and are also fed to cattle. + + +48 =Schouwia arabica= _DC._ MAHAD, NAMNAM (Egypt)—Arab. + +Tall shrubby herb with ovate amplexicaul leaves and purple flowers. +Siliqua elliptical, about ¾ in. long. + +Kassala Prov. (Gash Valley). + + +49 =Lepidium sativum= _Linn._ Common Cress. + +Glabrous annual. Leaves entire to pinnatisect. Flowers white. Siliqua +obovate to nearly rotundate, emarginate. + +Khartoum & Kordofan Provinces. + +The young plants are eaten. The seeds yield an oil; they are also used +in dysentery and diarrhœa. + + +50 =Senebiera nilotica= _DC._ RASHAD (Port Sudan), HARRA—Arab. + +Riverside herb with small white flowers. Radical leaves linear- +lanceolate or oblanceolate pinnatisect. Silicules cordate-reniform. + +North Sudan; Banks of the Nile; Red Sea. Prov. + + +51 =Enarthrocarpus lyratus= _DC._ RESHAD EL BAHR, SHILTEM, SHIRTEM, & +SHILTAM—Arab. + +Herb; flowers yellow, streaked with purple. Radical leaves lyrate- +pinnatifid. Siliquas nodulose, obtusely acuminate. + +Dongola Prov. (from Egypt). + + +=E. pterocarpus= _DC._ + +Herb, scabrid below. Leaves lyrate-pinnatifid. Siliquas erect, linear- +acuminate, with winged scabrid margins. + +Nubia. + + +52 =Zilla myagroides= _Forsk._ =var. microcarpa= _Oliv._ + +Shrubby, spiny herb, the spines terminating the branches. Flowers white +or violet, solitary or racemose, silicules ovoid, beaked. + +Red Sea Prov., & Nubia. + + +53 =Raphanus sativus= _Linn._ FIGL—Arab. Horse Radish. + +Radical leaves lyrate. Flowers white, yellow or lilac. Siliqua 1-2 in. +long, terete, beaked. + +Cultivated everywhere. + +The seeds, which yield an oil, are used in native medicine for their +diuretic and laxative properties. The seed pods as well as the roots are +eaten. + + + =VIOLACEÆ.= + + +54 =Viola nubica= _Hutchinson_, n. sp. + +Small annual, 4 in. high. Leaves long-petiolate, spathulate-lanceolate, +acute, 1¼ in. long, nearly ½ in. broad, very thin, subentire, glabrous; +stipules subulate-filiform, entire, 2-lin. long; sepals broadly +lanceolate, long-acuminate; petals ⅓ in. long; spur short and blunt. +Capsule ¼ in. long. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N., sea level to 3-4,000 ft.). + + +55 =Hybanthus enneaspermus= _Muell._—_Ionidium enneaspermum_ Vent. + +Erect or decumbent, much-branched herb, up to 2 ft. high. Flowers blue, +purple or dull red, solitary, axillary. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan +Prov. + + +56 =Rinorea ilicifolia= _O. Ktze._—_Alsodeia ilicifolia_ Welw. + +Shrub or small tree. Leaves strongly spinulose-serrate, coriaceous +shining above, 6-9 in. long. Flowers yellow, in narrow terminal, +racemose panicles. Capsule 3-valved, coriaceous. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +=R. oblongifolia= _Marq._ + +Large tree, buttressed at the foot. Flowers waxy-yellow, in terminal, +many-flowered corymbose or pyramidal panicles. Leaves oblanceolate or +obovate-oblong, 4-8 in. long. Petals contorted. + +Niamniam-land (Mbrwole, near the Yuru River & by the Diagbe River). + + + =RESEDACEÆ.= + + +57 =Caylusea canescens= _St. Hil._ MUDDEYD & DENABA—Arab. + +Diffuse or ascending herb, more or less pilose. Leaves linear-lanceolate +to lanceolate, undulate. Flowers small, in terminal bracteate racemes. + +Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Khor Tamanib & J. Shellal, 22° N. Lat.). + + +=C. abyssinica= _Fisch._ & _Mey._ + +Erect herb, up to 3 ft. high, glabrous or thinly scabrid near the +extremities. Leaves entire or 3-partite, linear-lanceolate or linear. +Flowers small, numerous on terminal, spike-like racemes up to 1 ft. and +more long. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat., between sea level & 4,000 ft.). + + +58 =Reseda pruinosa= _Del._ + +Erect or ascending herb, 1 ft. or more high. Leaves entire or trifid, +narrow-lanceolate or oval. Flowers in terminal, bracteate racemes. + +Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat., between sea level & 3-4,000 ft.). + + +59 =Oligomeris glaucescens= _Camb._ + +Erect or decumbent herb, usually glabrous and glaucous. Leaves entire, +linear, fasciculate or scattered. Flowers small in loose, elongate +terminal spikes. + +Red Sea, Dongola & Kordofan Provinces. + + +60 =Ochradenus baccatus= _Del._ GURDI—Arab. + +Much branched shrub, with virgate branches, which are often spinescent +and at length leafless. Leaves narrow linear. Flowers small, spicate. +Berries white. + +Nubia; Red Sea Prov.; Kassala Prov. (North); Darfur (Jebel Meidob and +Kulme). + + + =POLYGALACEÆ.= + + +61 =Polygala persicariæfolia= _DC._ + +Erect or decumbent annual. Leaves oval or lanceolate, acute. Flowers in +extra-axillary or terminal racemes. Wing sepals rotundate-ovate, 3-5 +nerved; lateral petals semi-hastate or hooked at the base. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post). + +Wing sepals elliptic and not rounded. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Addai: Bongo-land). + +Leaves broader, wing sepals less orbicular than in the type. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat). + + +=P. abyssinica= _Fres._ + +Annual or perennial, up to 2 ft. high. Leaves linear or oval, apiculate. +Flowers secund on terminal racemes. Wing sepals ovate to obovate, +3-nerved. + +Darfur Prov. (Jebel Marra, 7,000 ft. and over, and plains 20-80 m. N.E. +of El Fasher). + + +=P. liniflora= _Bojer_ ex _Chod._ + +Branches elongated, erect, grass-like, glabrous. Leaves narrowly linear, +slightly decurrent. Racemes terminal, lax-flowered. Wing sepals +elliptic, clawed, with few nerves. + +Darfur Prov. (Jebel Marra). + + +=P. erioptera= _DC._ HEBEIBU (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab, ANYAIN or LAKSHUA’I +(Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka. + +Erect or diffuse annual. Leaves linear or oblong, obtuse. Flowers +fascicled or on racemes much shorter than leaves. Wing-sepals oval or +obliquely elliptic with 1 broad median nerve. + +Red Sea Prov. (Soturba & between Suakin & Berber); Kassala Prov. +(Gallabat); Fung Prov. (J. Moya); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Upper +White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); Kordofan Prov.; Mongalla Prov. +(Mongalla). + +=var. canescens= _Chod._ + +Stems and leaves with grey, dense hairs. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Kordofan Prov. + +=var. maxima= _Chod._ + +Stems and leaves at length glabrous. + +Khartoum Prov. (near Khartoum). + + +=P. arenaria= _Willd_, forma depressa. + +Erect or diffuse annual. Leaves linear to obovate-elliptical obtuse. +Flowers in dense strobiliform heads. Wing-sepals variable, oval to +ovate-rotundate, often oblique, nerves faint. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=P. irregularis= _Boiss._ + +Low spreading, wiry plant. Leaves oblanceolate obtuse or retuse. Flowers +in loose terminal racemes. Wing-sepals broad-ovate with 3 main nerves. + +Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (Taiara, Abu Gerad). + + +=P. acicularis= _Oliv._ + +Glabrous shrub. Leaves narrow-linear to acicular. Flowers in erect +terminal racemes or racemes on rigid lateral branchlets. Wing-sepals +obovate-oblong, faintly nerved, deciduous. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + + +=P. senensis= _Klotzsch._ + +Wiry herb or undershrub. Leaves oblanceolate, obtuse. Flowers in very +short lateral racemes or axillary fascicles. Wing-sepals broadly ovate +with numerous looping nerves. + +Red Sea Prov. (Sinkat). + + +62 =Securidaca longipedunculata= _Fresen._ SAGGAT—Arab. + +Branched shrub, 8-10 ft. high. Leaves alternate, coriaceous, linear- +lanceolate to ovate oblong, 1-2 in. long. Flowers rose or purple or +violet or variegated with white, racemose. Fruit a 1-winged samara. + +Fung Prov. (Famaka); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + + =CRASSULACEÆ.= + + +63 =Tillæa pentandra= _Royle._ + +Small herb with opposite, fleshy cylindrical subulate leaves, connate at +base. Flowers small, white, solitary, or 2-3 together, axillary. Fruit +of 4-5 free carpels. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 9,000 ft.). + + +64 =Bryophyllum calycinum= _Salisb._ + +Shrubby herb, 2-4 ft. high, with barren and purple-spotted flowering +stems. Leaves opposite, fleshy, crenate, either simple, ovate-orbicular +or unequally pinnate with ovate segments. Flowers up to 2 in. long, +pendulous, in paniculate cymes; calyx inflated, striped purple; cor. +reddish-purple; stamens 8, in 2 rows. Fruit of 4 follicles. + +Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + + +65 =Kalanchoe crenata= _Haw._ HARFIFOIT—Hadendowa. + +Tall perennial herb with opposite fleshy, crenate leaves and yellow +flowers. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit, foot of Has Has). + + +66 =Umbilicus botryoides= _Hochst._ + +Small herb with perennial root-stock. Lower leaves orbicular, loosely +crenate, peltate. Flowering stems usually about 6 in. long bearing a +simple or somewhat branched raceme of pale pendulous flowers. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Abwo, 9,600 ft.). + + +67 =Sempervivum molle= _Vis._ + +Softly hairy, fleshy herb. Leaves alternate, fleshy, oval-rhomboid, red- +spotted beneath. Flowers cymose, white or yellow. + +Nubia. + + + =SAXIFRAGACEÆ.= + + +68 =Vahlia viscosa= _Roxb._ SAFEIRA EL BAHR (Atbara), WADE (Halfa)—Arab; +TELGIN—Hadendowa; TEIMER—Rashida. + +Prostrate, glandular, pilose herb, with ovate-oblong, opposite leaves +and yellow flowers. Calyx 5-lobed; corolla 5 petals; anthers 5; style +deeply bifid; ovary inferior. + +River banks; Wadi Halfa; Berber Prov. (Atbara & Berber); Khartoum, Blue +Nile, Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile, Kordofan & Mongalla +Provinces. + + +=V. oldenlandioides= _Roxb._ + +Glandular or pubescent herb with opposite linear leaves. Flowers small, +numerous; calyx tube adnate to ovary, segments 5, short, triangular; +petals 5, epigynous; ovary inferior; capsule sub-globose, small. + +Kordofan Prov. (Abu Gerad); Darfur Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur +Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla). + +NOTE.—These two species of _Vahlia_ are often mistaken for species of +_Oldenlandia_ in _Rubiaceæ_, but are at once distinguished by the free +petals and absence of stipules. + + + =DROSERACEÆ.= + + +69 =Drosera indica= _Linn._ + +Small herb. Leaves alternate, linear, the lower half glabrous, the upper +part heavily fringed with gland-tipped tentacles. Flowers white; styles +3. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Gumango). + + + =PODOSTEMONACEÆ.= + + +70 =Tristicha hypnoides= _Spreng._ + +Small moss-like herb, attached to boulders in streams or rivers. Leaves +very minute. Flowers solitary, terminal, on peduncles, ¾ in. long in +fruit; per. segments 3; st. 1; styles 2-3; caps. ellipsoid. + +South Kordofan Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Eliri); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Wau & Biri River, Mittu-land: Woko River near Kero). + + + =ELATINACEÆ.= + + +71 =Bergia verticillata= _Willd._ + +Glabrous procumbent herb, about 1 ft. high, aquatic; stems succulent, +pink. Leaves nearly sessile, lanceolate, tapering at both ends, 1 to 1½ +in. long, opposite, stipulate. Flowers crowded in axillary, sub- +verticillate fascicles; stamens 10. + +Kordofan Prov. + + +=B. suffruticosa= _Fenzl._ MIRMID or MIREMIT (Khartoum), RIMITH—Arab; +OKRIT—Hadendowa; SITA—Rashida. + +Deep rooted, heather-like undershrub, rooting again where branches touch +the ground. Bark deciduous in papery rust-coloured flakes. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Dongola, Berber, Khartoum, White Nile & +Kordofan Provinces. + + +=B. ammanoides= _Roth._ RIMÏTH (N. Kordn.)—Arab. + +Herb under 1 ft. high. Leaves oblanceolate, pilose. Flowers in dense +axillary, sub-verticillate fascicles; stamens 3. + +Kordofan Prov. + + + =CARYOPHYLLACEÆ.= + + +72 =Silene Macrosolen= _Steud._ + +Somewhat viscid perennial, branching from the base. Flowers pinkish in +forking panicles. Calyx 5-toothed, narrow tubular, up to 1½ in. long, +teeth short; petals much exserted, 5. Carpophore much longer than +capsule; styles 3. + +Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 6,500-9,300 ft.). + + +73 =Cerastium vulgatum= _Linn._ + +Downy, somewhat viscid annual, branching at the base. Stem leaves +sessile, oblong to ovate. Flowers white in terminal cymes. Petals +shorter or hardly longer than sepals; styles 5; sepals free. + +Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 8,600 ft.). + + +74 =Arenaria Schimperi= _Hochst._ + +Procumbent diffuse perennial. Leaves subulate, ¼ to ½ in. long. Flowers +in loose forking cymes, white; sepals 5, free, 3-nerved; petals 5, equal +to sepals; styles 3; capsule 3-valved. + +Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, above 9,000 ft.). + + +75 =Spergula arvensis= _Linn._ + +Slender herbs. Leaves linear, in opposite clusters, appearing whorled. +Flowers small, white, in terminal forked cymes; stamens 5 or 10; styles +5. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat., from sea level to 4,000 ft.). + + +76 =Polycarpon memphiticum= _Fenzl._ + +A diffuse, densely pubescent herb. Leaves petiolate, and spathulate- +oblanceolate, covered with stellate hairs. Stipules scarious. Flowers +small, crowded in leafy cymes, otherwise as in the next species. + +Berber Prov. (Banks of the Nile between Khartoum and Shendi). + + +=P. Lœflingii= _Benth._ & _Hook. f._ + +A diffuse, prostrate or ascending, wiry, glabrous herb. Leaves sessile, +linear or linear-spathulate, glabrous. Flowers small, in dichotomous +cymes; sepals 5, with white, scarious edges; petals small, linear; +stamens 3-5; style 3-fid. + +Khartoum Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land, Wau & Mittu-land: Mvolo, +& Bongo-land: Addai); Blue Nile Prov. (near Wad Medani). + + +77 =Polycarpæa corymbosa= _Lam._ + +Herb, 2-12 in. high, with a somewhat amarantaceous appearance. Leaves +linear, sessile. Flowers numerous, small, crowded in dense cymes, +forming large flat-topped heads; bracts scarious, silvery, bristle- +pointed. + +Red Sea Prov. (Dongonab); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s +Post); White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Jur Ghattas, +Niamniam-land); Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + +Said to be a remedy for snake-bite. + + +=P. eriantha= _Hochst._ + +Diffuse, slender herb, with numerous flowers in lax cymes, spreading all +over the plant. Sepals loosely pubescent. Leaves linear, about ½ in. +long, with fine setose points. + +Kordofan Prov. (El Obeid); Mongalla Prov., Bongo-land (Gir). + + +=P. spicata= _Arnott._ + +Small herb; leaves obovate or oblanceolate-spathulate, rosulate; flower- +heads densely fascicled; sepals 5, ovate-lanceolate, scarious; petals 5, +shorter than sepals; stamens 5. + +Red Sea Prov.: Lat. 21° N. + + +=P. fragilis= _Del._ + +Small herb. Leaves linear-lanceolate, hoary, margins revolute. Flowers +in small, densely fascicled cymes; sepals ovate-elliptic, with +membranous margin, longer than petals. + +Red Sea Prov.: from sea level to 4,000 ft., Lat. 21° N. + + +=P. linearifolia= _DC._ + +Erect or decumbent herb. Leaves narrow-linear or linear-subulate. +Flowers in terminal, rounded or lax, silvery, many flowered cymes. +Sepals scarious acute, ⅓ to ⅔ longer than petals. + +Blue Nile Prov.: White Nile Prov. (South of Lat. 14° N.): Kordofan Prov. +(Hillet Nu & El Obeid); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Jur Aweit). + + +=P. stellata= _DC._ + +Erect or diffuse herb. Leaves linear, with axillary tufts. Flowers in +small capitate, divaricate cymes; sepals very acute, much longer than +the petals. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit). + + +=P. prostrata= _Dec._ HAR, HARA & REYKHA—Arab. + +Prostrate herb. Leaves linear-spathulate. Flowers solitary from the +forks. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, with broad membranous margin, hardly +longer than petals. + +Nubia; Northern Sudan. + + +78 =Sphærocoma Hookeri= _T. Anders._ + +Undershrub, 1-2 ft. high. Branchlets glabrous. Flower heads dense, +globose, spinescent. Leaves fleshy, terete, fascicled. + +Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (J. Hotarba: Soturba Range, Lat. 22° N.). + + +=S. Aucheri= _Boiss._ + +Leaves shorter than those of last-named. Branchlets pubescent. + +Red Sea Prov.; 21° N. Lat. + + + =MOLLUGINACEÆ.= + + +79 =Orygia decumbens= _Forsk._ + +Decumbent herb, up to 2 ft. high. Leaves obovate or rotundate, cuneate, +fleshy, ½-1 in. broad, alternate, glaucous. Sepals 5; petals 0; stamens +12 or more; styles 5; capsules 5-valved. + +Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, between hills & Sinkat); Mongalla Prov. +(Mongalla); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post). + + +80 =Mollugo Cerviana= _Seringe._ + +Annual; stems erect, slender; branches umbellate. Leaves verticillate- +linear, about ½ in. long. Flowers numerous on long filiform, axillary +and terminal peduncles. Seeds smooth. + +Kordofan & Darfur Provinces, Uganda (Nile Province). + +Used as medicine for fevers. + + +=M. Spergula= _Linn._ + +Diffused decumbent herb. Leaves fleshy, 3-9 in verticils, oval to +lanceolate, 1 in. long. Flowers fascicled; sepals 5; petals 0; stamens +5-10; capsule 3-valved. + +Nubia; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Hoo River); Mongalla Prov. +(Bor). + +Used medicinally it is stomachic, aperient and antiseptic. + + +=M. nudicaulis= _Lam._ + +Annual. Leaves radical, crowded, spathulate, entire, glabrous, about 1½ +in. long. Flower stems erect, 4-6 in. long, leafless, trichotomously +branched. Flowers white in lax trichotomous cymes. + +Nubia; White Nile Prov. (Jebelein); Kordofan Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. +(Kadugli); Mongalla Prov. (Bor & Mongalla); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post). + + +81 =Glinus lotoides= _Loefl._ RABA’A (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; GETAKI +(Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka. + +Annual, with stellate hairs, up to 2 ft. high. Leaves rotundate to +oblanceolate, 1 in. long, radical and pseudo-verticillate. Flowers in +axillary fascicles; sepals 5; petals 0; stamens 5 to many; stigmas 2-5. +Seeds verrucose. + +Berber Prov. (Shendi); Kartoum Prov. (Khartoum); Blue Nile Prov. (Dried +pools); Darfur Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur +Ghattas); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post). + +The plant is said to be a purgative. The tender shoots are eaten. + + +82 =Gisekia pharnaceodes= _Linn._ + +Prostrate or ascending, somewhat succulent annual. Leaves opposite, +exstipulate, oblong-spathulate. Flowers small, in axillary clusters; +petals none; carpels 5, distinct, surrounded by sepals. + +Red Sea Prov. (littoral); Berber Prov. (Obak); Khartoum, Kordofan & +Darfur Provinces. + +Said to be a useful medicine for tapeworm. + + +=G. rubella= _Hochst._ SHA’ERET EL BAHAYAM (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab. + +Much like above but cymes in lax diffuse panicles. + +Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (Abu Gerad); Upper White Nile Prov.; Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Shambe). + + +83 =Semonvillea pterocarpa= _J. Gay._ + +Erect, branched herb, glaucous, 1-2½ ft. high. Leaves alternate, fleshy, +linear, 1-2 in. long. Flowers small, greenish, in 10-12 flowered, +terminal and leaf-opposed cymes; sepals 5; petals 0; stamens 6-7. Fr. +compressed orbicular, separating in 2 broadly-winged cocci. + +Kordofan Prov. (Obeid & Mulbes). + + +84 =Limeum viscosum= _Fenzl._ TARBA (Khartoum), RUBAA’, also HOMRA (N. +Kordn.)—Arab. + +Prostrate, glandular-viscid herb. Leaves alternate, oblanceolate to +rotundate. Flowers small, in extra-axillary, compact cymes; sepals 5, +viscid; petals 0; stamens 7. Fr. dicoccous, bony. + +Khartoum & Kordofan Provinces. + + +=L. indicum= _Stocks._ + +Diffuse, glandular, puberulous or glabrate herb. Leaves nearly or quite +opposite, rotundate, ⅓ in. long. Cymes sessile or subsessile, axillary; +petals clawed, toothed above; stamens 6-7. Fr. minute dicoccous, bony. + +Nubia + + +=L. linifolium= _Fenzl._ HAREISH (Kordn.)—Arab. + +Glabrous herb. Leaves alternate, linear, ½-2 in. long. Cymes compact, +sessile or subsessile; sepals 5; petals 0, 3 or 5, linear-spathulate; +stamens 7. Fr. dicoccous, bony. + +Kordofan Prov. (El Murra). + + + =FICOIDACEÆ.= + + +85 =Aizoon canariense= _Linn._ + +Hairy, prostrate herb. Leaves obovate to spathulate, up to 3 in. long, +alternate. Flowers sessile, solitary or clustered in axils of leaves. +Calyx 4-5 partite; petals absent. Fruit pentagonal stelliform, ⅓ in. +long. + +Red Sea Prov. + + +86 =Trianthema pentandra= _Linn._ RABA’A (Khartoum) & RAB’AH—Arab; LOM +(Kenissa)—Dinka. + +Prostrate herb. Leaves opposite, oval-oblong to obovate-elliptical, ½-2 +in. long. Flowers fascicled, axillary; calyx 5-fid; petals 0; stamens 5. +Capsule membranous or coriaceous. + +North Sudan; Red Sea Prov.; Kassala Prov.; Dongola, Berber, Khartoum, +Blue Nile & Kordofan Provinces; Mongalla Prov. (Kenissa); Fung Prov. +(Jongol’s Post). + +The plant is used as an astringent in abdominal diseases. The Sudanese +mix one spoonful of pounded roots with one rottl of Marissa and use the +mixture as a remedy for gonorrhœa, the doses being taken for three days. + + +=T. salsoloides= _Fenzl._ DEILU (N. Kordn.) & DALLE—Arab. + +Hairy herb. Leaves opposite, linear, fleshy, ½ to 1 in. long, dilated at +base with membranous stipuliform teeth. Flowers axillary fascicled or on +short lateral leafy shoots. Petals 0; stamens up to 5. Capsule 1-seeded. + +Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol). + +The ashes mixed with Simsim oil and lime are used for making soap. + + +=T. polysperma= _Hochst._ + +Prostrate herb. Leaves opposite or nearly so, fleshy, glandular, ¼ to ½ +in. long. Flowers dichotomously cymose, sessile in each fork. Calyx +5-lobed, with petaloid pink margin; stamens 4-6; styles 2; ovary +1-celled, ovules about 7. + +Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov. (Rufaa); Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (Abu +Gerad). + + +=T. crystallina= _Vahl._ ARARIB (Atbara)—Arab. + +Prostrate herb. Leaves fleshy, linear to rotundate, ¾ in. long. Flowers +axillary fascicled. + +Red Sea Prov. (sea-coast); Berber Prov. (Abu Hashim & Atbara); Nubian +Desert; Kordofan Prov. (Debakh); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post). + + +=T. triquetra= _Rottl._ & _Willd._ + +Diffuse, prostrate herb, covered with minute scales. Leaves opposite or +alternate, over ½ in. long, linear to linear-lanceolate, fleshy. Flowers +numerous, sessile in the axil. Style simple. + +Between Kassala & Goz Regeb; Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Geteina); +Kordofan Prov. + + + =PORTULACACEÆ.= + + +87 =Portulaca quadrifida= _Linn._ + +Prostrate, fatty herb. Flowers yellow. Leaves opposite, oval, numerous, +fleshy. Joints and flower-heads bristly. + +Red Sea Prov. (Karora); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Khartoum, Upper White +Nile & White Nile Provinces. + + +=P. oleracea= _Linn._ RIGLA—Arab. The Purslane. + +Succulent annual with obovate or oblong-spathulate, alternate, fleshy +leaves. Flowers in clusters, few together, yellow, open during a short +time in the morning. + +Common everywhere. Wild in various parts, e.g., Red Sea, White Nile, +Bahr El Ghazal & Mongalla Provinces. + +Used as a vegetable and salad, the seeds are demulcent, diuretic and +slightly astringent. + + +=P. Erythraea= _Schwfth._ + +Fleshy; leaves obovate-cuneate, about 1 in. long. Flowers axillary, +sessile, solitary. + +No locality given (fide Mrs. Crowfoot). + + +=P. foliosa= _Kern._ + +Herb, woody below. Leaves fleshy, terete. Flowers yellow, solitary or in +few-flowered heads, with numerous setæ. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mvolo near Rōl River). + + +88 =Talinum Caffrum= _E._ & _Z._ + +Small herb, woody below, somewhat succulent above. Leaves linear- +lanceolate. Flowers axillary, solitary or in pairs, yellow. + +Mongalla Prov. (Sh. Tombé). + + +=T. cuneifolium= _Willd._ DANAB EL TUT (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; +KUGATABBA—Bongo. + +Undershrub. Leaves thick. Flowers carmine; capsules size of a pea, +thinly crustaceous, nodding; seeds numerous. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (J. Dago & +Barku); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +=T. crassifolium= _Willd._ + +Small herb, woody below. Leaves fleshy, elliptic or oblanceolate-oblong. +Flowers red in terminal, few-flowered panicles. + +Red Sea Prov. (coast). + + + =POLYGONACEÆ.= + + +89 =Oxygonum atriplicifolium= _Martelli._ + +Herb; stem slender, pubescent on one side. Leaves alternate, deltoid to +lanceolate, ¾ in. long; petiole ¼ in. long, dilated into a membranous +sheath (_ochrea_), with long hairs. Racemes 6 in. long; bracts like +ochreæ enclosing 2-3 flowers; per. minute, pink, 5-lobed, becoming +3-spined in fruit; stamens 8; styles 3. Flowers polygamous. + +Red Sea Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. + +=var. sinuatum= _Baker._ + +Leaves thicker, pinnately lobed. + +Red Sea Prov. (Khor Tamanib); White Nile Prov. (Hillet Abbas); Kordofan +Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Kulme); Mongalla Prov. (Bor & Mongalla). + + +90 =Polygonum plebeium= _R. Br._ + +Prostrate herb with short internodes. Leaves alternate, linear-oblong, ¼ +to ½ in. long; ochreæ membranous, white, lacerate. Flowers clustered +2-5, axillary; per. white, small, 5-lobed; stamens 8. Fr. trigonous, +shining. + +Khartoum Prov.; Banks of the Nile; Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post). + + +=P. serrulatum= _Lag._ + +Slender procumbent annual, 2-3 ft. long. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate, +3-4 in. long, subsessile; ochreæ bristly. Spikes several to a stem; +1½-2 in. long; bracts ciliate; per. pink, minute; stamens 6-8, styles +and nut as above. + +Darfur Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River); +Mongalla Prov. (Lado). + + +=P. limbatum= _Meisn._ + +Perennial 3-4 ft. high. Leaves lanceolate, 3-4 in. long, subsessile, +with stout adpressed hairs; ochreæ large, hairy sheathing below, +deflexed above. Racemes 3 to a branch, 2-3 in. long; per. pink, minute; +stamens 7; styles 2; nut lenticular, glossy, black. + +Kordofan Prov. (Rahad); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=P. barbatum= _Linn._ + +Hairy perennial. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate, up to 6 in. long, +subsessile, hairy both sides; ochreæ without limb. Spikes, 2-3 in. long; +bracts bristly on margins, per. pink, minute; stamens 6-8; styles 3; nut +trigonous. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Darfur Prov. +(Kulme & J. Marra: Niurnya 6,500 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur +Ghattas). + +A blue dye, like indigo, is said to be obtained from this plant in China +and Japan. The root is used as an astringent and cooling remedy. + + +=P. lanigerum= _R. Br._ + +Hoary aquatic herb, 4-5 ft. high. Leaves lanceolate, up to 9 in. long; +ochreæ long, membranous, ciliate. Racemes dense, 1-3 in. long; bracts +orbicular; per. ⅙ in. long; stamens 6; styles 2; fr. lenticular, black. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Meshra El Rek & Ghabat El Arab, Bongo: Zariba Agad +Ngulfala); Mongalla Prov. (Kenissa, Yei River). + + +=P. tomentosum= _Willd._ + +Tall aquatic herb, more fulvous than the above; stamens usually 7; +bracts truncate, ciliate, otherwise as above. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Kordofan Prov. (Rahad); Upper White Nile Prov. +(mouth of Sobat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Bodumo swamps & +Nabambisso River); Bahr El Jebel (Sudd); Mongalla Prov. Yei River). + + +=P. senegalense= _Meisn._ + +Perennial, 4-5 ft. high. Leaves distinctly petioled, oblong-lanceolate, +narrowed both ends, 2-8 in. long; ochreæ large, truncate, not ciliate. +Racemes 2-3 in. long; bracts ovate, not ciliate; per. pale pink, minute; +stamens 7; styles 2; nut orbicular, flattened, shining, blackish. + +Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 6,500 ft). + + +=P. acuminatum= _H.B._ & _K._ =var. microstemon= _Mart._ + +Pubescent herb. Leaves lin.-lanceolate, acuminate, 6 in. long, adpressed +hairy on both sides; ochreæ bristly. Spikes dense, 2-3 in. long, 2-4 to +a stem; bracts ovate, ciliate; per. pink, minute, 4-5 lobed; style +bifid; nut lenticular. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=P. glabrum= _Willd._ TIMSAHIYA (Khartoum)—Arab. + +Glabrous marsh herb, 3-4 ft. high. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, up to 8 in. +long; ochreæ large, membranous. Spikes dense, 2 in. long; per. pink; +stamens 6-8; styles 2; nut lenticular, orbicular. + +Nubia; Dongola Prov. (Saikot); Between Khartoum & Shendi; Blue Nile +Prov. (Bagras, Dinder River); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile +Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, Wadi Gindi 7,300 ft.); +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau in Jur). + +An infusion of the leaves is used to relieve pain in case of colic. + + +91 =Rumex abyssinicus= _Jacq._ + +Very tall herb with perennial root stock; stems hollow, reddish. Leaves +triangular or ovate, hastate, up to 8 in. long; petals up to 4 in. long, +red; ochreæ membranous, ¾ in. long. Panicle terminal, branched, 1 ft. +long; flowers polygamous; per. lobes 6, 3 inner enlarged in fr. to ¼ +in.; stamens 6; styles 3, stigmas fimbriate; nut 3-gonous. + +Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 6-8,000 ft.). + + +=R. vesicarius= _Linn._ + +Branched herb. Leaves deltoid or ovate, 1¼ in. long, cordate, fleshy; +petals up to 1½ in. long. Panicles terminal; flowers 1-2 on jointed ped. +in the whorls; bracts as long as ped., scarious; per. segm. ⅓ in. +diameter in fr., reddish, winged; nut almost 3-winged. + +Red Sea Prov. (Littoral); Darfur Prov. (J. Meidob, 4,000 ft.). + + +=R. nepalensis= _Spreng._ + +Stout perennial, 3-4 ft. high. Basal leaves long petioled, oblong, +rounded or cordate at base, 1 ft. or more long, cauline ovate-oblong, +cordate to lanceolate. Panicles long, lax, with reduced leaves below; +flowers many in a whorl; pedicels deflexed; inner per. segm. ⅛ in. in +fruit, ovate-cordate margined with hooked teeth; nut ovoid-triquetrous. + +Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Guloberi Wadi, 8,000 ft.). + + + =ILLECEBRACEÆ.= + + +92 =Paronychia argentea= _Lam._ + +Densely tufted, pubescent herb, 3-6 in. high. Leaves opposite, lower +oblanceolate, mucronate, upper shorter, oblong; stipules and bracts +white-scarious, the latter completely hiding the flowers which are in +dense terminal clusters; per. very minute, 5-partite lobes hooded at +tip. + +Dongola Prov. (Khandak). + + +93 =Cometes abyssinica= _R. Br._ + +Erect perennial, 6-12 in. high, pubescent and much branched. Leaves +opposite or verticillate, lanceolate, sessile. Flowers in terminal +clusters, bracts enlarged in fruit, silky, long, whitish, forming +globose, somewhat rotate heads about 1 in. diameter; per. ⅙ in. long, +green. + +Red Sea Prov. (Soturba, Khor Tamanib, Khor Ashat, Has Has, Darfur Prov. +(J. Marra, 6,500 ft. and over). + + + =PHYTOLACCACEÆ.= + + +94 =Mohlana nemoralis= _Mart._ + +Erect annual, 3-4 ft. high. Leaves alternate, oblong, acute or +acuminate, up to 6 in. long. Racemes moderately dense, 2-5 in. long; +perianth small, dark green, obliquely campanulate, veined in fr., +segments 4, unequal, lowest largest; stamens 4; anthers versatile +sagittate; fr. fleshy, lenticular. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Naporruporru). + + +95 =Phytolacca octandra= _Linn._ + +Erect perennial, 2-3 ft. high; stems stout. Leaves alternate, oblong, +3-4 in. long. Racemes very dense; per. green, 5-partite; stamens about +8; fr. globose, purple-black. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post). + + + =CHENOPODIACEÆ.= + + +96 =Chenopodium album= _Linn._ FISS EL KELAB—Arab. + +Erect herb, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves alternate, ovate-lanceolate, 1-1½ in. +long, coarse-dentate, mealy. Panicles axillary; per. lobes 5, +triangular, incurved; stamens 5, filam. short; styles 2, seed globose, +black-brown. + +Kordofan Prov. + +The plant is eaten as a pot-herb. It is also said to have laxative +properties. + + +=C. murale= _Linn._ + +Erect herb, mealy all over. Leaves ovate, obscurely 3-lobed, coarsely +serrate, 1-4 in. long. Panicles terminal and axillary, more spreading +than in above. Flowers as above. + +Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° N. Lat.); Berber Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; +Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 6,500 ft.). + +It is eaten as a pot-herb. + + +=C. Schraderianum= _Roem._ & _Schult._ + +Herb, 2-5 ft. high. Leaves pinnatifid, 1-4 in. long, covered with +stalked and sessile yellow glands. Panicle much branched and in zigzags; +per. segments 5; triangular, keeled, with stalked glands. + +Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 6,500 ft.). + + +97 =Atriplex farinosa= _Forsk._ + +Undershrub, 3 ft. high. Leaves alternate, lanceolate-oblong, 1½ in. +long, short petioled, some cordate or auricled, densely white-tomentose +beneath. Flowers unisexual, in terminal spikes or panicles, male flower +per. 5-lobed; stamens 3-5; female flower enclosed in 2 orbicular, +tomentose bracts, 1/5 in. diameter in fr., per. 0, styles 2-branched. + +Red Sea Prov. (Littoral). + + +98 =Kochia cana= _Boiss._ + +Undershrub; branchlets white, obscurely silky. Leaves alternate, oblong, +1/5 in. long, hairy. Infl. subglobose, embedded in long brown hairs, +axillary or terminal, 2-sexual or female; per. lobes 5, incurved and +enlarged in fr.; stamens 5; styles 2-3. + +Red Sea Prov. (Littoral). + + +99 =Halopeplis perfoliata= _Schweinf._ + +Woody, branched undershrub, 1-2 ft. high, nodes approximate. Leaves +alternate, very small, sessile, decurrent, glabrous. Spikes small, +dense; per. 3-toothed; stamens 1-2. + +Red Sea Prov. (Littoral). + + +100 =Arthrocnemum fruticosum= _Moq._ + +Undershrub, branches short-jointed. Leaves 0. Flowers 2-sexual, very +small, partially sunk in cylindric, dense spikes 1½-2½ in. long; per. +3-4 lobed; stamens 1-2. + +Red Sea Prov. (Saline marshes, Er-Rih Island). + + +101 =Salsola fœtida= _Del._ DEBERRAH (Nubia) & MULLEY (Egypt)—Arab. + +Evil-smelling undershrub, 1-4 ft. high. Leaves alternate, orbicular, +minute, fleshy, imbricate; bracteoles similar. Flowers in short, dense +axillary spikes; per. 5-partite, segments in fr. winged, scarious; +stamens 5; style 2-branched. + +Wadi Halfa (on sandstone); Berber Prov. (Obeish); Between Berber & +Khartoum; Red Sea Prov. (Suakin & 21° N. Lat.). + + +=S. vermiculata= _Linn._ + +Pubescent undershrub. Leaves alternate or fascicled, ovate, up to ⅓ in. +long, keeled at base. Flowers in dense spikes, as above. + +Nubia (banks of the Nile, near Tingur). + + +102 =Suæda fruticosa= _Forsk._ ADLIB—Arab. + +Glabrous undershrub, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves alternate, scattered, linear, +fleshy, ¼-⅔ in. long. Flowers minute, axillary, solitary or clustered; +per. urn-shaped in bud; lobes 5; stamens 5; style short, 3-armed. + +Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° N. Lat & Littoral). + + +=S. monoica= _Forsk._ + +Similar to above; upper leaves larger; flowers larger and mostly +1-sexual. + +Between Suakin & Berber (Khor Langeb); Kordofan Prov. (Maties). + + +=S. Volkensii= _C. B. Clarke._ + +Succulent undershrub. Leaves oblong, up to ⅓ in. long. Flowers clustered +on nearly continuous spikes. Per. larger than in _S. fruticosa_, +pentagonal, swollen in fruit. + +Red Sea Prov. (saline soils on sea-coast). + + +=S. vermiculata= _Forsk._ + +Spreading, white tomentose undershrub. Leaves ovate, sub-globose, up to +⅙ in. long, mealy and glandular, tubercled at base. Flowers in dense +spikes; bracts spirally inserted, white-margined; filaments exserted. + +Red Sea Prov. + + +=S. vermiculata= _Forsk._ =var. puberula= _C. B. Clarke._ + +Leaves linear, up to ⅓ in. long without tubercle. + +Red Sea Prov. (Coast). + + +103 =Cornulaca monacantha= _Del._ + +Much branched, rigid undershrub. Leaves alternate lanceolate, up to ¼ +in. long, curved, ending in a spine, which drops off when old and the +base becomes a cushion. Flowers clustered, buried in wool, polygamous; +per. segments 5, 1 or more spinescent in fruit. + +Dongola Prov. + + +=C. Ehrenbergii= _Aschers._ + +Leaves densely imbricated, mucronate; flowers solitary, not buried in +wool, axillary, otherwise as above. + +Red Sea Prov. (Coast). + + + =AMARANTACEÆ.= + + +104 =Celosia argentea= _Linn._ DANAB EL KELB (H. Abbas), & SHEIBA +(Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab. + +Branched herb, 1-4 ft. high. Leaves alternate, linear to spathulate- +elliptic, 1-5 in. long; petals 1-2 in. long. Spikes dense, scarious, +silvery-white, pink or straw-coloured, up to 6 in. long; per. ⅓ in. +long, 5-fid; stamens 5, filaments united at base; style 3-branched. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); South of Khartoum; Fung Prov. +(Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov.; Sobat River (Nasser). + +The seeds are a remedy for diarrhœa. The plant is sometimes eaten as a +pot-herb; it is also said to yield a strong fibre. + + +=C. laxa= _Schumach._ & _Thonn._ + +Branched herb, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves long-petioled below, ovate to +lanceolate, up to 3 in. long. Infl. much looser than in above, 2-4 in. +long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land by Nabambisso River). + + +=C. trigyna= _Linn._ BAMBIT (Kordn.), EL BUEIDA (Blue Nile)—Arab. + +Straggling herb, 1-4 ft. high. Leaves long-petioled below, ovate or +lanceolate, acuminate, 1-5 in. long. Infl. varying from linear panicles, +4-6 in. long, interrupted, to simple spikes or globular spicate heads, 1 +in. in diameter, pink to silvery-white; per. ⅛ in. long; style +3-branched. + +Between Korosko & Berber; Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & Karora); Kassala +Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov. +(Fazoghli); White Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Zalingei); +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Niamniam-land); Mongalla Prov. +(Lado: Yei River: Kagula). + +The leaves are eaten as a vegetable. + + +=C. Schweinfurthiana= _Schinz._ + +Scrambling herb, 4-5 ft. long. Leaves long-petioled, ovate-lanceolate, 3 +in. long. Panicles linear, up to 10 in. long, or elongate, interrupted +spikes; per. 1/10 in. long; style bifid. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +=C. populifolia= _Moquin._ + +Straggling undershrub, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves petioled, ovate-lanceolate, +base rounded, 3 in. long. Panicles linear, thyrsoid, 4-7 in. long; per. +1/10 in. long, scarious white with dark lines; style bifid. Caps. +1-seeded. + +Kassala Prov. (Goz Regeb); Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov.; White Nile +Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (Bareis); Darfur Prov. + + +105 =Digera arvensis= _Forsk._ HARAYRAH, NUARAH, BEBIT or LABLAB AHMAR +(Blue Nile Prov.), & ASFAR (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; AMMĀL (Meshra El +Zeraf)—Dinka; KILUTUM (Meshra El Zeraf)—Shilluk. + +Branched herb, 8-20 in. high. Leaves alternate, lanceolate or ovate, 2 +in. long. Spikes axillary 2-7, somewhat interrupted, pink; per. 4-5-fid, +⅙ in. long; stamens 5, not united at base: style 2-fid; caps. 1-seeded. + +Widely distributed: Nubia (between Suakin & Berber, Wadi Abu Salem); +Kassala Prov.: Berber Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile +Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Ghabat El Arab). + +It is eaten as a pot-herb, also as fodder. The leaves are used to cure +indigestion. + + +106 =Amarantus caudatus= _Linn._ ORF ED DIK—Arab. + +Erect herb, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves alternate, long-petioled, narrow- +elliptic, 2-12 in. long. Spikes red, linear numerous, mostly in terminal +panicles; bracts numerous, longer than flowers; per. 1/10 in. long, +5-fid; style 3-fid, long. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post & +Roseires); Kordofan Prov. (Sigei). + +Cultivated for its seed, which is edible. The plant is also cooked and +eaten as a vegetable. The garden variety is known as “Love-lies- +bleeding.” + + +=A. tricolor= _Linn._ + +Herb, 1-5 ft. high. Leaves spathulate-ovate, acuminate, up to 4 in. +long; pet. 1-2½ in. long. Spikes axillary and in terminal panicles; per. +1/10 in. long, 3-fid; bracts long-awned, longer than flowers; style +3-branched. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma). + + +=A. oleraceus= _Linn._ + +Herb; a weed in cultivation. Leaves ovate-elliptic, 2 in. long, long- +petioled. Spikes axillary and terminal, dense; per. very minute, +segments 3. + +Khartoum Prov. + + +=A. græcizans= _Linn._ FISS EL KELB, & LISĀN EL TEIR—Arab. + +A weed in cultivation. Leaves elliptic, 1-2 in. long, long-petioled. +Spikes globose, axillary and terminal; per. segments 3, minute, tailed. + +Khartoum, Kassala & Kordofan Provinces. + + +=A. Blitum= _Linn._ LISĀN EL TEIR (N. Kordn.)—Arab. + +A weed in cultivation, 15 in. high. Leaves narrow-oblong to obovate ½-1½ +in. long including pet. Spikes copious, axillary; flowers still smaller +than above. + +Red Sea Prov. (Suakin); Khartoum, Blue Nile, White Nile, Kordofan & Bahr +El Ghazal Provinces. + + +=A. polygamus= _Linn._ + +A weed, up to 2 ft. high. Leaves ovate-elliptic, 2 in. long; pet. often +very long. Spikes axillary; flowers as above. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Fung +Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. + + +107 =Aerva tomentosa= _Forsk._ GHUBEISH (Nomads, Kordn.), SHEIBA (N. +Kordn.), LERU or (EL) ARA or LARA—Arab; EIGAB—Hadendowa. + +Undershrub, 2-4 ft. high, with dense white stellate hairs. Leaves +alternate, lanceolate, 4 in. long. Flowers in spiked terminal, leafless, +dense panicles, 2 in. long; per. 5-fid, ⅛ in. long, hairy; bracts hairy; +stamens 5; filaments united in a tube with alternating staminodes, style +2-branched; caps. 1-seeded. + +Widely distributed. Red Sea Prov.; Dongola Prov. (Khandak); Berber Prov. +(Saggadi, Wadi Omari); Khartoum, Blue Nile, Kordofan & Darfur Provinces. + +The woolly spikes are used for stuffing pillows and donkey saddles. The +roots are used as tooth-brushes. It is used medicinally for horses and +camels. + +=var.= β. =Bovel= _Webb._ + +More tawny than type. Leaves oblong or obovate, 1 in. long. Flowers +smaller; spikes more slender and interrupted. + +Red Sea Prov. (between Suakin & Berber); Dongola Prov. (Debba): Kordofan +Prov. + + +=A. Ruspolii= _Lopr._ + +Bushy, tawny-woolly herb. Leaves oblong and obovate, ½ in. long, +recurved. Spikes small and interrupted. + +Berber Prov. (17° 30′ Lat. N.). + + +=A. lanata= _Juss._ + +Woolly herb, 1-4 ft. high. Leaves ovate, 1½ in. long. Spikes axillary +and terminal, ¼-½ in. long; flowers small, densely white-woolly; bracts +glabrous-pointed. + +Red Sea Prov. (Soturba, sea-coast, Erkowit); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Nabambisso River: Niamniam-land). + +=var.= β. =oblongata= _Aschers._ + +Leaves thick, very woolly. Spikes in a dense, narrow panicle, 1 ft. +long. + +Red. Sea Prov. (Soturba). + + +=A. brachiata= _Mart._ + +More glabrate than _A. lanata_ and smaller. Infl. axillary; flowers very +minute; stamens 2 only. + +White Nile, Kordofan & Darfur Provinces. + + +108 =Cyathula prostrata= _Blume._ + +Hairy or glabrate herb, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves ovate or obovate, 1-4 in. +long. Spikes terminal, 2-6 in. long, ¼ in. wide; bracts with straight +and hooked spines; per. segments 5, blunt or spinose, 1/12 in. long; +stamens 5, alternating with staminodes. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Kalenjo). + + +109 =Pupalia lappacea= _Juss._ LAMRAGA—Bari. + +Hairy herb, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, 2-6 in. long. +Infl. in terminal subspicate clusters, 2-4 in. long; flowers about 3 +together enclosed by 2 bracts and 4 bracteoles covered with white, +woolly hairs and hooked and barbed spines forming very troublesome +burrs; stamens 5; filaments connate at base. + +Red Sea Prov.; Suakin to Berber (Wadi Omari); Fung Prov. (Roseires, +Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol & rocky hills); Kordofan +Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Maiuoli, Jur: Dimo); Bahr El Jebel. + +At Rejaf the plant is used medicinally, being burnt and the ashes added +to water and drunk for flatulence. It is also said to be used for +leprosy; sores are bled and the ashes of the plant, called DIKERI +TIMALLO, are rubbed in. Patients eat light food and no meat. + + +110 =Psilotrichum cordatum= _Moquin._ + +Herb, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves opposite, ovate, 1½ in. long, hairy. Panicles +terminal, 1-2 ft. long; spikes ½-1½ in. long, 4-12 flowered, bracteoles +2, shorter than flowers; per. segments 5, ⅛ in. long, green, hairy; +stamens 5, filaments joined into a cup at the base. + +Red Sea Prov. (Soturba). + + +=P. Schimperi= _Engl._ + +Glabrous branched herb, 18 in. high. Leaves lin.-oblong, 2 in. long. +Spikes terminal and subaxillary, up to 5 in. long in fruit; per. green. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post). + + +111 =Achyranthes aspera= _Linn._ ABRUKAB (Sennar), DANAB EL ABILANI or +FAKHAH or NA’ANA’A (Meshra El Zeraf), ANAWIDIK (Khartoum), ERG EL ASDA & +ERG EL DAM (Blue Nile)—Arab; DARATNIUWA—Hadendowa; EILUKWATEN +(Dilling)—Nuba. + +Straggling or erect woody herb. Leaves opposite, elliptic, 2-3 in. long. +Spikes usually simple, 2-18 in. long, occasionally compound and +feathery; bracteoles spiny; fr. deflexed, somewhat prickly. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & Khortratib); from Lat. 15° 30′ southwards. + +Root chewed and used as a styptic on cuts. + + +=A. aspera= _Linn._ =var. argentea= _C. B. Clarke._ + +Leaves silky, strigose beneath with white hairs, often silvery. + +Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (near mouth of Bahr El Ghazal); +Mongalla Prov. (Kenissa). + + +=A. aquatica= _R. Br._ + +Hirsute aquatic herb. Leaves ovate or lanceolate, 3-4 in. long. Spikes 3 +in. long; bracteoles small; per. straw-coloured; fr. deflexed as above. + +Fung Prov. (Deleib, Khor Agalin, & Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. +(Abba Island & Kosti); Kordofan Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla). + + +112 =Pandiaka cylindrica= _Hook. f._ + +Hairy herb. Leaves opposite, subsessile, oblong, 1 in. long. Spikes 1½ +in. long, pinkish straw-coloured; bracteoles 2, longer than per., +mucronate, white-hairy; per. ¼ in. long, white-hairy; stamens 5, connate +at base with quadrate alternating hairy staminodes. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (between Limbo’s & Abu Shakka’s, Jur Majob); +Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla). + + +=P. Heudelotii= _Hook. f._ + +Hairy herb, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves sessile, linear, 2-3 in. long. Spikes 1 +in. long, green to straw-coloured; bracteoles ⅙ in. long, pointed; per. +1/5 in. long, hairy; stamens as above, glabrous. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=P. Schweinfurthii= _C. B. Clarke._ + +Herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves sessile, broad-elliptic or oblanceolate. +Spikes 1½ in. long, terminal, straw-coloured; stamens as above, +staminodes long-fimbriate. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit). + + +=P. oblanceolata= _C. B. Clarke._ + +Sparsely hairy herb. Leaves oblanceolate-oblong, 1¾ in. long, sessile. +Spikes 2 in. long, pale-brown; bracteoles 1/5 in., bristle-pointed as is +the per., which is ⅓ in. long; staminodes lacerate. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo, Addai). + + +113 =Alternanthera nodiflora= _R. Br._ ABU TUMRA (N. Kordn.)—Arab. + +Procumbent hairy herb, 6-24 in. long. Leaves opposite; oblong or +elliptic-lanceolate, ½-2½ in. long. Heads axillary, ⅓ in. diameter, +white; per. segm. ⅙ in. long; stamens 5, filaments united into a cup +with alternate notched teeth. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan +Prov.; Darfur Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Kodok). + + +=A. achyranthoides= _Forsk._ + +Leaves usually lobed, otherwise as above but per. smaller. + +Berber Prov. (Saggadi); Blue Nile Prov. (Wad Medani); White Nile Prov.; +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, Wau River); Bahr El Jebel. + + + =BASELLACEÆ.= + + +114 =Basella alba= _Linn._ + +Glabrous, much branched, twining herb. Leaves alternate, ovate or +cordate, 2-4 in. long, long-petioled, almost leafless in dry season. +Flowers 2-sexual, in axillary spikes with 2 fleshy bractlets adnate to +per.; per. fleshy, shortly 5-lobed; stamens 5; styles 3. Fr. globose, +enclosed in enlarged per., 1/5 in. diameter, red, white or black. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by Nabambisso River). + +Cultivated as a Spinach. + + + =LINACEÆ.= + + +115 =Linum strictum= _Linn._ + +Erect herb. Leaves linear, scabrid. Flowers yellow, small, in cymose +corymbs. Capsule splitting into 5 2-seeded valves or into 10 1-seeded +valves. + +Red Sea Prov. + + +116 =Hugonia platysepala= _Welw._ + +Shrub, 6-9 ft. high. Leaves alternate, shining above, broadly +oblanceolate to obovate oblong, acute or cuspidate. Flowers in few +flowered racemes, yellow, over 1 in. across; outer sepals with revolute +margins; stamens monadelphous. Fruit globose, orange-coloured, ½ in. +diameter. + +Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Yuru River). + + + =ZYGOPHYLLACEÆ.= + + +117 =Tribulus terrestris= _Linn._ DREISA or DEREISA, GATHA (Egypt)—Arab; +KÜRWAI—Nuer. + +Prostrate plant with opposite pari-pinnate leaves; fruit of 5 woody +cocci, each with 2 pairs of stiff spines. Flowers solitary yellow. +Sepals and petals 5 each, stamens 10, distinct. + +In most parts of the Sudan. + +The whole plant, especially the fruit, used medicinally as a diuretic. +The leaves are occasionally eaten. + + +=T. mollis= _Ehrb._ + +Like _T. terrestris_, but flowers very small, fruits densely pilose and +with wings rather than horns at the base. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Khartoum Prov. + + +=T. alatus= _Del._ GATHA (Egypt), DREYS—Arab; SHEISHIG—Hadendowa; +GUTAB—Rashida. + +Prostrate herb; fruit spinosely and broadly winged, otherwise much like +_T. terrestris_. + +Red Sea Prov. (Dongonab, etc.); Berber Prov.; Kassala Prov. (Um Adam). + + +=T. pterocarpus= _Ehrenb._ + +Prostrate herb; fruit roundish winged, otherwise like _T. terrestris_. + +Dongola Prov.; Between Suakin & Berber (Obak). + + +=T. cistoides= _Linn._ + +Like _T. terrestris_, but stigmatic lobes not longer than diameter of +style. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post). + + +=T. Ehrenbergii= _Asch._ + +Densely villous herb; wings of fruit toothed. + +Dongola Prov. + + +118 =Zygophyllum simplex= _Linn._ + +Prostrate, succulent, much branched herb. Leaves opposite, 1-fol., +unequal, fleshy. Flowers yellow, small, on short peduncles. Fruit deeply +5-lobed, small. + +Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat., and Akik); Between Khartoum & Sabil; +White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol). + +Camel fodder. + + +=Z. album= _Linn._ + +Hoary shrub; fruit deeply 5-lobed, obcordate. Leaves diphyllous, fleshy. + +Nubia; Red Sea Prov. + + +=Z. coccineum= _Linn._ + +Glabrous shrub; fruit 5-lobed. Leaves diphyllous, fleshy. + +Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Soturba hills). + + +=Z. decumbens= _Del._ + +Glabrous herb or undershrub. Leaves diphyllous, fleshy. Flowers +numerous; staminal scales deeply 2-fid. Fruit deeply 5-lobed, turbinate. + +Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Soturba). + + +119 =Fagonia cretica= _Linn._ ABU-SHOKA, ABU-SHWEIKA & SHOLIB—Arab; +OSAR—Hadendowa. + +Bushy, spinose, shrubby herb. Leaves opposite, 1-5 fol., nearly sessile. +Flowers solitary, usually purple or lilac. Fruit pyramidal, deeply +5-lobed. + +Red Sea Prov.; Kassala Prov. (between Goz Regeb & Bir Tussun); Dongola +Prov.; Berber Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov.; +Kordofan (Taiara & Obeid); Darfur Prov. (Plains 40-80 miles N.E. of El +Fasher). + +Used in native medicines for tumours, ulcers, etc. + +=var. parviflora= _Boiss._ + +Leaves 1-fol.; leaflets linear-lanceolate. Spines exceeding the leaves. + +Nubia (Otao). + + +120 =Seetzenia africana= _R. Br._ + +Prostrate herb, woody below. Leaves opposite, 3-fol., with interpetiolar +stipules, fleshy. Flowers small, axillary, solitary. Fruit of 5 1-seeded +cocci, separating longitudinally, sub-globose. + +Dongola Prov. (J. Barkal). + + + =GERANIACEÆ.= + + +121 =Monsonia senegalensis= _Guill._ EL GURUN (N. Kordn.)—Arab. + +Diffuse shrubby herb with ovate-cordate leaves. Flowers purple on +1-flowered peduncles. Fruit beaked, beak 3 in. long. Stamens 15. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); White Nile Prov. (Jebelein & J. Arashkol); +Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. + + +=M. nivea= _Webb._ + +Small white pubescent herb with ovate-lanceolate (not cordate) leaves. +Fruit beak 1½ in. long. + +Red Sea Prov. (Dongonab). + + +122 =Geranium favosum= _Hochst._ + +Annual, up to 4 ft. high; branches glandular, pilose above. + +Leaves deeply 5-lobed, segments pinnatifid. Peduncles 2-flowered; +stamens 10. Carpels transversely deeply pitted, with or without tails. +Fruit beaked. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & 21° N.L., etc.). + + +123 =Erodium malachoides= _Willd._ KORĪAB—Hadendowa. + +Stemless herb with decumbent branches, pubescent. Radical leaves, ovate- +cordate, more or less 3-5-lobed, crenate. Fruit beak up to 2½ in. long. + +Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & 21° N.L.); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: 9,000 +ft.) + + + =OXALIDACEÆ.= + + +124 =Oxalis caprina= _Linn._ + +Tuberous stemless herb. Leaves 3-fol. with obcordate leaflets; leaf +stalks up to 6 in. long. Flowers purplish in 3-8 flowered umbels on long +peduncles. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit). + + +=O. corniculata= _Linn._ + +Perennial herb with long creeping or underground stems. Leaves +trifoliolate. Flowers yellow, 1-3 in umbels on axillary peduncles +exceeding the leaves. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the +Nabambisso); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Niurnya 7,000 ft.). + + +125 =Biophytum Apodiscias= _Turcz._ + +Annual; leaves abruptly pinnate, crowded at nodes and ends of stem and +branches, sensitive. Flowers, yellow or red, in umbels on axillary +peduncles, with numerous setaceous bracts. Styles 5. Fruit a 5-celled +capsule. + +White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + + =BALSAMINACEÆ.= + + +126 =Impatiens niamniamensis= _Gilg._ + +Herb 1 ft. high. Leaves ovate-lanceolate deeply crenate, about 6 in. +long. Flowers with the upper petal green, the spur dull purple. + +Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Assika River). + + +=I. Irvingii= _Hook. f._ + +Succulent herb, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves usually alternate, lanceolate, +serrulate, 3-5 in. long. Flowers red, solitary or in pairs, irregular, +the spur of calyx much longer than the body of the lip. Capsule short, +elastically splitting into 5-valves. + +Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Mbrwole & Yuru Rivers). + + + =LYTHRACEÆ.= + + +127 =Rotala verticillaris= _Linn._ + +Herb, often procumbent. Leaves in whorls of 4-8, narrow linear, truncate +or bifid at apex. Flowers sessile, whorled, small. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=R. serpiculoides= _Welw._ + +Marsh herb, 1-3 in. high. Leaves opposite, linear, ab. 1 in. long. +Flowers 1-4 together; calyx 4 deltoid lobes, reddish; petals rare, +reddish; stamens 1-2: capsules 3-valved, reddish. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land). + + +=R. decussata= _Hiern._ + +Marsh herb, 1-9 in. high. Leaves decussate, oblong, ½ in. long. Flowers +sessile, solitary; calyx 4-lobed; petals 4 or 0; capsule 3-valved. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land; between Ngama & Dokuttu). + + +=R. stagnina= _Hiern._ + +Erect marsh herb 4 in. high. Leaves opposite, ovate-oblong, 2 in. long. +Flowers 4-merous, sessile; petals 0 or caducous; stamens 2; capsules +3-valved. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir). + + +=R. tenella= _Schwfth._ + +Creeping marsh herb. Leaves sessile, amplexicaul. Flowers minute, white; +capsule globose, 4-valved. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Bongo-land: Gir). + + +128 =Woodfordia floribunda= _Salisb._ + +Shrub with spreading branches. Leaves opposite, sometimes in whorls of +3, sessile, ovate-lanceolate, cordate or rounded at base. Flowers in +axillary clusters; calyx tubular, scarlet; petals minute. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Khor Mashisha, near Dilling); +Darfur Prov. (Jebel Marra, 5-6,500 ft.). + +It exudes a gum said to be like Gum Tragacanth. The flowers are used as +a dye. Both flowers and leaves contain tannin. + + +129 =Nesæa heptamera= _Hiern._ + +Small herb with red heptamerous, minute flowers. Leaves opposite, +linear-lanceolate, about 1 in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (near Pongo River). + + +=N. erecta= _Guill._ & _Perr._ + +Small herb on river banks, up to 10 in. high. Leaves opposite, linear ¾ +in. long. Flowers magenta or purple: petals 4-6. + +Mongalla Prov. (Bor); Uganda (Nile Province). + + +=N. cordata= _Hiern._ + +Riverside herb, up to 9 in. high. Leaves ovate to lanceolate, cordate at +base, ½ in. long. Flowers in heads of 5 surrounded by 2 cordate bracts; +petals pink. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur. Ghattas & Bongo-land: Gir); Bahr El Jebel +(Madi Swamps). + + +130 =Ammannia senegalensis= _Lam._ TAMR EL FAR (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab. + +Erect, branched herb with 4-winged stem. Flowers axillary, pink, +4-merous. Leaves linear-oblong to lanceolate, auricled, amplexicaul, +2-in. long, opposite. + +Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (near Abba +Island, J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Jebel (Madi); Darfur Prov. +(Zalingei: Wadi Azum). + +The plant is used as a blistering agent. + + +=A. baccifera= _Linn._ + +Erect herb with 4-angled stem. Leaves opposite, linear-lanceolate, 2 in. +long. Cymes 3-7. Flowers sub-sessile, axillary; calyx 4-lobed; petals 4 +or 0; stamens 4; capsule globular, dehiscing transversely about the +middle. + +Dongola Prov. (between Dongola & Korti); between Khartoum & Shendi; +Khartoum Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + +The leaves are used for blistering, but the effect is said to be most +painful. + + +=A. salicifolia= _Monti in Comment._ + +Marsh herb, 18 in. high, with 4-angled stem. Leaves opposite, +lanceolate. Flower small, in dense cymes, whorled, 4-9 in each axil. +Capsule 1-celled. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); between Khartoum & Shendi). + + +=A. urceolata= _Hiern._ + +Erect annual with 4-angled stem. Leaves opposite, linear, ½ to 2 in. +long. Flowers in dense axillary clusters, 6 in each axil. Capsule +1-celled. + +White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol). + + +131 =Lawsonia alba= _Lam._ HENNA—Arab. + +Glabrous shrub; branches angular, sometimes spinescent. Leaves opposite, +nearly sessile, elliptic, ab. 1 in. long. Flowers in long axillary or +terminal panicles, small, greenish yellow, smell like mignonette. + +Berber Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Upper +White Nile Prov. (Sobat River, Tawfikia). Introduced. + +The leaves are used to dye the finger nails and the palms of the hands +an orange colour. The seeds yield an oil. + + + =PUNICACEÆ.= + + +132 =Punica granatum= _Linn._ RUMMĀN—Arab. The Pomegranate. + +Shrub or small tree with large scarlet flowers. Fruit size of an orange; +seeds surrounded by a pink, edible pulp. + +Introduced from Asia. + + + =ONAGRACEÆ.= + + +133 =Jussieua diffusa= _Forsk._ + +Procumbent aquatic herb, usually supplied with pale pinkish spindle- +shaped floats. Leaves alternate, linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, narrow +at base. Flowers yellow; calyx 5-lobed, enlarged in fruit; pet. 5; +stamens 10. + +White Nile, Bahr El Ghazal & Mongalla Provinces. + + +=J. pilosa= _H. B._ & _K._ ARKALA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; LŪNG (Meshra +El Zeraf)—Dinka. + +Differs little from _J. diffusa_ Forsk. except by its erect habit and +more hirsute young parts. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov.; +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + + +=J. acuminata= _Sw._ + +Stems glabrous. Leaves lanceolate subacute, 3-4 in. long, ½-1 in. broad, +glabrous or nearly so, pinnately several nerved. Fruits wrinkled, 1 in. +long. + +Khartoum Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Linduku +Stream); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post). + + +=J. villosa= _Lam._ + +Erect herb, 4 ft. high; stem woody, somewhat winged, hairy above. Leaves +alternate, linear to lanceolate, ½ to 5 in. long. Flowers 4-merous, +solitary, yellow, sessile, small. Capsule up to 2 in. long. + +Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land). + + +=J. villosa= _Lam._ =var. linearis= _Jacq._ + +Erect, hirsute herb. Leaves narrow linear; fibres of old capsules +persistent. + +Nuba Mts. Prov. (Kadugli); Mongalla Prov. (Gondokoro). + + +=J. linifolia= _Vahl._ SOFSAF (N. Kordn.) & TOTO—Arab. + +Erect herb, 2 ft. or more; stem narrowly winged. Leaves linear- +lanceolate 1-3 in. long. Flowers small, yellow, 4-merous, sessile, +axillary. Capsule cylindrical, 2/3 in. long. + +Khartoum to Berber (banks of the Nile); Atbara; Blue Nile Prov.; Fung +Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau). + + +134 =Ludwigia jussioides= _Lam._ + +Erect herb, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves linear-oval to lanceolate, 1½-4 in. +long, alternate. Flowers axillary, yellow, up to 1 in. in diam.; +4-5-merous. Capsules 1 in. long and 1/12 in. diam. + +Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + + +=L. parviflora= _Roxb._ + +Erect annual, 6-18 in.; stem often angular. Leaves linear-lanceolate to +lanceolate, tapering to base, ab. 1½ in. long. Flowers tetramerous, +yellow. Capsule under ½ in. long, cylindrical, somewhat inflated, +4-veined. + +Kordofan Prov. (Abu Gerad); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Addai). + + +135 =Trapa bispinosa= _Roxb._ CHUWALAGEIR (Kenissa)—Dinka. Water +Chestnut. + +Aquatic herb; stems ascending in water, giving off numerous pectinate +roots. Leaves alternate, floating petioles dilated into floats; blades +triangular, broadly dentate on upper edges. Fruit ab. 1 in. long, +shield-shaped, armed with 2 curved, barbed spines. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Main River); Bahr El Jebel (Sudd). + +Although it is not known in the Sudan as edible the fruit is much used +in India as an article of food and is eaten raw or cooked. + + +136 =Epilobium hirsutum= _Linn._ + +Erect herb, hirsute, 2-5 ft. high. Leaves opposite, linear-lanceolate, +serrulate, amplexicaul, 1-5 in. long. Flowers sessile, axillary, +solitary; calyx tube narrow, elongate, 4-lobed; petals 4, pink or +purple; stamens 8; stigma 4-lobed. Capsule 2-3 in. long. + +Darfur Prov. (J. Marra). + + + =HALORRHAGACEÆ.= + + +137 =Laurembergia Engleri= _Schindler._ + +Low herb in swamps with reddish glabrous stems and alternate linear +obtuse leaves scarcely ½ in. long. Flowers minute, sessile, axillary. +Fruits muricate. + +Bahr El Ghazal (Jur Ghattas). + + + =THYMELÆACEÆ.= + + +138 =Gnidia Mittuorum= _Gilg._ + +Heather-like undershrub, 4-12 in. high; stems 4-angled. Leaves oblong or +obl.-obovate, ½-1 in. long. Heads terminal, 7-10 flowered; involucral +bracts 3-4, ovate, ¼ in. long. Flowers brownish-yellow; pedicels minute, +bearing a tuft of white hairs; calyx under ½ in. long; lobes 4, minute; +petals 4 inserted on calyx tube, scale-like; stamens 8, sessile in +calyx-tube, _in 2 rows_. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit: Deim Adlan, Mittu: Deragoh). + + +=G. Schweinfurthii= _Gilg._ + +Glabrous herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves scattered, lanceolate or oblong, ½-1 +in. long. Flowers yellowish-brown in terminal heads of 15-25 fl., or in +axillary 1-3 headed racemes; invol. bracts 4-5, ovate; calyx smaller +than above. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Sabbi). + + +=G. apiculata= _Gilg._ + +Undershrub, 1½-3 ft. high. Leaves alternate, crowded, linear or narrowly +elliptic, ½-2/3 in. long. Heads numerous, terminal, peduncled and +lateral ones sessile, 10-15 flowered; invol. bracts 7-14 in 2 rows; +calyx tube pubescent. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Gumango hills); Bahr El Jebel +(Madi). + + +139 =Lasiosiphon Kraussii= _Meisn._ BURURU—Golo. + +Woody herb, 4-24 in. high. Leaves opposite, elliptic, lanceolate or +narrow-ovate, ½-2 in. long. Heads solitary, terminal, many flowered; +peduncles 1-4 in., velvety; invol. bracts 6-10, hairy; calyx yellow, +hairy below, pubescent above, ½ in. long, 5-lobed; petals minute, scale- +like; stamens 10, _in 2 rows_. + +Nuba Mts. Prov. (Heiban); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra 6,000-9,500 ft.); Bahr +El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: between Kutshook Ali’s Zariba & the River Wau, +between Pongo River & Jur, Dar Fertit, Golo Desert). + +The crushed roots are used for poisoning fish. It is also a virulent +poison to man and animals. + + +140 =Arthrosolen chrysantha= _Solms-Laub._ + +Virgate, bushy, or heather-like undershrub, up to 2 ft. high. Leaves +scattered, linear, ¾ in. long. Heads terminal, solitary, many-flowered; +invol. bracts ovate to linear; pedicel with ring of hairs; calyx tube ½ +in. long; lobes 4; petals 0; stamens 8 _in 2 rows_. + +Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit). + + +141 =Dicranolepis Schweinfurthii= _Gilg._ + +Shrub or small tree. Leaves alternate, oblong or obl.-lanceolate, +caudate-acuminate, 2-3 in. long, with yellow-brown hairs beneath. +Flowers solitary, sessile, 1 in. long; calyx tube slender, lobes 5, ⅙ +in. long; pet. 5, scale-like, forked; stamens 10, _in 2 whorls_. Drupe +oval, ½ in. long. + +Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: River Diagbe at Wando). + + +=D. cerasifera= _Gilg._ + +Shrub. Leaves variable, ovate to lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 1-2½ +in. long, hairy beneath. Flowers 1-2 together, not seen. Drupe smaller +than a cherry, reddish. + +Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by Diamwonu River). + + + =NYCTAGINACEÆ.= + + +142 =Boerhaavia elegans= _Choisy._ + +Tall branched herb. Leaves opposite, petioled, broadly ovate, 1½ in. +long, whitish beneath. Flowers in lax, terminal, slender panicles, +usually solitary, rarely 2-3-nate on the rachis; perianth tube +cylindric, lower part persistent 5-angled, viscid ⅙ in. long, enclosing +the fruit, upper part petaloid, shortly 5-lobed; stamens 2, exserted, +connate at base. + +Coast of Nubia. + + +=B. adscendens= _Willd._ + +Glabrous herb 2-3 ft. high. Leaves opposite, ovate-oblong or rotundate, +up to 2 in. long, pet. 1 in. Panicles terminal, 9 in. long. Flowers +umbelled, 4-9 at ends of panicle; perianth minute; fr. under ⅛ in. long. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Sobat. + + +=B. repens= _Linn._ RIGLA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; TEB (Meshra El +Zeraf)—Dinka. + +Glabrous creeping or scrambling herb. Leaves in unequal pairs at the +nodes, ovate or lanceolate, ab. 1 in. long. Peduncles axillary bearing +4-10 flowered umbels; per. minute, 5-ribbed, glandular between the ribs; +lobes pinkish; fr. minute; stamens 1-3. + +Red Sea Prov. (between Suakin & Berber: Wadi Abu Salem, Suakin, Erkowit, +El Galabeheb & Khor Ashat); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Kordofan Prov. +(Abu Gerad & Bara); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Darfur Prov. (Kulme); +Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf). + +=var. diffusa= _Hook. f._ TERBA (N. Kordn.), LADUA (White Nile) & +MUDDEYD (Egypt)—Arab. + +More pubescent. Leaves ovate or ovate-rotundate; fr.-perianth less +glandular. + +Wadi Halfa; Khartoum Prov. (J. Royan); Blue Nile Prov.; Fung. Prov. +(Fazoghli); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (El Obeid, +Abu Haraza, Bara); Darfur Prov.; Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma). + +The plant is eaten by the Sontals in India as a pot-herb. The root is +used in infusion, or given in powder, and has laxative, diuretic and +cooling properties. It has been prescribed for asthma with success. +Taken in large doses it acts as an emetic. The plant is much used, in +external applications, for dropsical swellings. + +=var. viscosa= _Choisy._ + +More robust than type; stems and leaves densely glandular, hairy. Leaves +ovate or subrotundate, sinuate, up to 1¼ in. long. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit, Soturba & 21° L.N.); Kordofan Prov. + + +=B. verticillata= _Poir._ SHINEMAQ (Blue Nile)—Arab. + +Tall, much-branched, glabrous herb. Leaves broadly ovate, 2 in. long. +Panicles of 3-5 flowered whorls and terminal umbels; per. minute, +stalked glands at base; stamens 2. + +Red Sea Prov. (Soturba; Sea-coast about 21° L.N., Wadi Surrawib; Wadi El +Omari; Sinkat); Fung Prov. (Singa); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); +Kordofan Prov. (Bir Sodari). + + +=B. plumbaginea= _Cav._ ABU LEBBEN—Arab. + +Scrambling or procumbent herb. Leaves broadly ovate, petioled. Flowers +arranged as above; per. white or lilac up to ⅓ in. long in upper part, +funnel-shaped, lower ⅓ in. long in fr. with 10 large glandular disks +near apex. + +Red Sea Prov. (Soturba, Khor Tamanib & Erkowit); Khartoum Prov.; Fung +Prov. (Roseires); White Nile Prov. (12° 10 N.L.). + +A decoction of the root is used for jaundice. + + +=B. pentandra= _Burch._ ERG EL TUEIRĀT (N. Kordn.)—Arab. + +Procumbent herb. Leaves large, cordate-ovate, serrate. Whorls in large +lateral and terminal panicles; bracts lanceolate, ½ in. long; pedicels ½ +in. long; per. upper part funnel-shaped, ⅛ in. long, base ⅓ in. with +many glandular disks at top; stamens 3. + +Kassala Prov. (between Kassala & Goz Regeb); Blue Nile Prov. Ganeib +Assad); Kordofan Prov. (Bara). + + + =PROTEACEÆ.= + + +143 =Protea abyssinica= _Willd._ + +Shrub or small tree. Leaves alternate, lanceolate or lanc. oblong, 6 in. +long, coriaceous. Flowers in terminal turbinate heads surrounded by +densely imbricate silvery and silky bracts, outermost minute, increasing +inwards, innermost oblong, 1½ in. long; per. ¾ in. long, tubular, +compressed, 2-tipped, fulvous hairy in upper half; stamens 4; anthers +subsessile, ¼ in. long; nut hairy. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); W. Abyssinia (Baro, Sobat District & +Blue Nile). + + +=P. madiensis= _Oliv._ + +Shrub or small tree; bark red-brown. Leaves lanc.-elliptic, 6-8 in. +long, coriaceous, hairy both sides. Heads somewhat sunflower-like, up to +4 in. across; bracts glabrescent, outer ¼ in. long ovate, inner up to 3 +in. long, pinkish; per. 2 in. long, yellow. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo; Sabbi, Niamniam: Tuhami’s Zariba, Biri +River near Deim Zubeir: Swei River & Gumango River). + + + =DILLENIACEÆ.= + + +144 =Tetracera alnifolia= _Willd._ + +Climbing shrub. Leaves broad-elliptical or obovate-elliptical, entire or +obscurely denticulate. Flowers paniculate, white ⅓ to 2/3 in. in diam.; +sepals glabrous within. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: near Kuddu by the Roali River). + +The stems when cut transversely yield a supply of potable fluid. + + +=T. strigillosa= _Gilg._ + +Undershrub, about 2 ft. high from a woody rhizome. Leaves oblanceolate, +dentate. Flowers white, very few together; sepals glabrous inside; +petals emarginate. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (near River Biri, and also Niamniam-land: by the +Ibba River, Nganye). + + + =PITTOSPORACEÆ.= + + +145 =Pittosporum abyssinicum= _Del._ + +Shrub or tree. Leaves coriaceous oblanceolate, at first rusty tomentose. +Flowers ¼ to ⅓ in. long in umbellate clusters in dense terminal +corymbose panicles. Sepals rusty tomentose. Ovary pilose. Capsule +globose under ½ in. diam. + +White Nile. + + + =BIXACEÆ.= + + +146 =Bixa Orellana= _Linn._ + +Shrub. Leaves oblong lanceolate to ovate oblong. Flowers in terminal +racemes, pink, large. Fruit covered by a mass of red-brown soft +prickles, oblong. + +Mongalla Prov. (Kagulu); Congo. Introduced and cultivated. + +The source of Annatto. + + + =COCHLOSPERMACEÆ.= + + +147 =Cochlospermum niloticum= _Oliv._ AKIT—Jur. + +Usually a woody dwarf-plant, but occasionally up to 3 ft. high. In the +dwarf plants the large, solitary yellow flowers are seen just above the +ground. Leaves palmate; seeds covered with cottony hair. + +Southern Kordofan Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Deim +Zubeir, between Wau & Chakchak & Jur Ghattas); Bahr El Jebel (Bari & +Madi countries); Nuba Mts. Prov. (near Talodi). + +The swollen subterranean portion is used medicinally in Nuba Mountains +Province, _i.e._, chewed as a tonic, etc. + + + =FLACOURTIACEÆ.= + + +148 =Oncoba spinosa= _Forsk._ ALDUKOI (Bahr El Ghazal)—Dinka; +AKALAKWALA—Jur. + +Spiny shrub with showy white flowers; spines up to 2 in. long. Leaves +subcoriaceous, elliptical, short, acuminate, crenate-serrate or +serrulate. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. + +The fruit is the size of a Tangerine Orange, and is used by the Dinkas +to make a kind of rattle. + + +149 =Caloncoba Schweinfurthii= _Gilg._ + +Tree up to 30 ft. Leaves ovate-elliptic, rounded at the base, about 5 +in. long. Flowers large and showy; petals 1¾ in. long. Fruit 1½ in. +diam., apiculate. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: at Teh & Niamniam-land: by the +Nabambisso River). + + +150 =Lindukeria dentata= _Oliv._ + +Shrub or small tree, up to 30 ft. high, glabrous. Leaves membranous, +oblong-elliptic to elliptic, dentate-serrate, 3-10 in. long. Flowers up +to ¾ in. diam., in loose axillary racemes, 1-3 in. long. Sepals 3; +petals 6-10. Fruit globose, with spreading spines, about ½ in. in diam. + +Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Wando). + + +=L. Schweinfurthii= _Gilg._ + +Shrub. Leaves oblanceolate, acuminate, serrate, 6-7 cm. long. Flowers +few and very small in axillary cymes. Fruits small and echinate. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Linduku River). + + +151 =Flacourtia sp.= + +Shrub. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, crenate, sub-mucronate to obtuse. + +Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + + + =SAMYDACEÆ.= + + +152 =Casearia Engleri= _Gilg._ + +A tree. Leaves oblong-elliptic, rounded at base, shortly acuminate, +about 6 in. long and 2½ in. wide, glabrous. Flowers small in axillary +fascicles. Fruits like coffee berries, yellowish white, about ½ in. +long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land, Sine loc. Schwfth. III. 241). + + +153 =Homalium Abdessamadi= _Asch._ & _Schwfth._ + +Tree, 40 ft. high. Leaves 3 in. long by 2 in. broad, crenate-dentate, +broadly elliptic, alder-like. Flowers paniculate, branches of panicle +catkin-like. Fruits pilose. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (by the Ibba River, near Nganye). + + + =FRANKENIACEÆ.= + + +154 =Frankenia pulverulenta= _Linn._ EIRARIB—Hadendowa. + +Small diffuse herb. Leaves opposite, often fascicled, obovate, oval or +rotundate. Flowers rose to purple, sessile, solitary in the forks or +fascicled in leafy heads or cymes. Calyx tubular 4-6 toothed; petals +4-6; stamens 6; ovary 1-celled. + +Red Sea Prov. (Khor Gwob, Erkowit). + + + =TAMARICACEÆ.= + + +155 =Tamarix mannifera= _Ehrb._ + +Coastal tree or shrub. Leaves scale-like, encircling the stem, subacute. +Flowers in dense spikes. Seeds long-pilose. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat.). + + +=T. nilotica= _Ehrb._ TARFA—Arab. + +Riverside shrub with scale-like leaves and slender erect branches. +Flowers white or pinkish-white, crowded in spicate panicles at the ends +of branches. + +Northern Sudan, Red Sea Prov.; Kassala Prov., etc. + + +=T. articulata= _Vahl._ FAREQ (Nubia), ABL (Egypt), TARFA (Sudan)—Arab; +ERU—Hameg. + +Tree with feathery foliage; branchlets articulate. Leaves minute, +sheathing. Flowers loosely scattered on long slender spikes. + +Red Sea Prov. (Baraka, Dongonab); Kassala Prov. (Gash); Fung Prov. + +Wood white, moderately hard, when burnt green gives an offensive smell. +Galls, called BIGM by Arabs, are used for dyeing and tanning. + + + =PASSIFLORACEÆ.= + + +156 =Adenia venenata= _Forsk._ KUDUR—Arab; LORING—Bari; KUDUL—Jur. + +Soft woody climber; the lower part of the stem is often inflated and +tuberous in appearance, up to over 1 ft. in diameter. Leaves alternate, +palmately 5-lobed. Flowers cream coloured; unisexual; calyx tubular, +5-lobed; petals 5. + +Red Sea Prov. (Sinkat); Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Meshra El +Rek), also Jur-land & Niamniam-land); Mongalla Prov. (Sheikh Tombé). + + +=A. sp. Schweinfurthii= _Engl._ + +Climber; leaves ovate, 4 in. long, rounded and with 2 very large glands +at the base. Flowers in short lateral cymes. Calyx tubular, ⅓ in. long; +lobes lanceolate. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land; by the Boddoh River). + + +=A. sp.= + +Climber; leaves linear-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, up to 6 +in. long and 1¼ in. broad, minutely dotted below. Flowers ⅓ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land, Schwfth. III 109 & III 111). + + +=A. sp.= + +Soft, slender stemmed climber. Leaves digitately 5-lobed, nearly 2 in. +long, very thin, lobes lanceolate, subacute, minutely pubescent below. +Flowers not seen. Fruits stipitate, narrowly ellipsoid, about 1.5 cm. +long, with the persistent hairy calyx at the base. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + + =CUCURBITACEÆ.= + + +157 =Peponia Cienkowskii= _Hook. f._ + +Prostrate or climbing herb; tendrils simple or divided. Leaves ovate, +cordate, 5-7 lobed, 3 in. broad. Flowers monœcious; calyx tube ⅓ in. +long; petals large, white or yellowish; filaments 3, free, anthers +cohering, one 1-celled and two 2-celled, conduplicate; stigma 3-partite. +Fruit ovoid or cylindric, fleshy. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli). + + +158 =Trochomeria djurensis= _Schwfth._ + +A slender climbing herb. Leaves more or less pentagonal and 5-lobulate, +acute, widely cordate, scabrid; tendrils short. Male flowers with +tubular calyx 1 cm. long, and minute lobes. Corolla-lobes linear- +lanceolate, 2-3 cm. long; female flowers very small. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +159 =Adenopus breviflorus= _Benth._ + +Herbaceous climber; tendrils simple. Leaves palmately 5-lobed, +apiculate. Flowers yellow, 1½ to 2 in. across; male flower: stamens 3, +monadelphous. Fruit ovoid, mottled green when young, scarlet when ripe, +size of a large egg. + +Blue Nile Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Melut); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land: by the Yabo River). + + +160 =Lagenaria vulgaris= _Seringe._ + +Musk-scented climbing herbs; tendrils forked. Leaves orbicular-cordate, +more or less 3-7 lobed, toothed, 1-6 in. broad. Male flower solitary 2-5 +in. diameter, white; filaments 3, free; anthers flexuous, cohering. +Female flower smaller. Fruit woody. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat.); Between Berber & Khartoum. + + +161 =Luffa cylindrica= _Linn._ LUFA—Arab. + +Semi-woody climber; tendrils forked. Leaves palmately 5-7 lobed, +denticulate. Flowers yellow, about 2 in. across. Anthers in male flower +much twisted and divided; filaments dilated at the base. Fruit mottled +green when young, brown when ripe, with a dehiscing cap. + +Khartoum Prov. (Cultivated); White Nile Prov. (12° N. Lat.); Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Bahr El Jebel (wild). + +Fruit called LIF in Arabic, when wild about 6 in. long; when cultivated +up to 18 in. long. The fibrous, spongy substance which fills the fruit +is used as a substitute for a sponge or brush, also for inside soles of +shoes and the manufacture of sun helmets. The pulp is edible; an oil is +obtained from the seeds, which are also emetic and cathartic. + + +=L. echinata= _Roxb._ WASSI, ARSH & UMSHWEIKA (White Nile)—Arab. + +Herbaceous climber; tendrils forked. Leaves orbicular-reniform, 2-4 in. +broad, scabrid, shallow-toothed. Flowers yellow, 1 in. diameter. Male +flower anthers 3 flexuous; female flower 1-3 together. Fruit 1 in. long +echinate. + +Berber Prov. (Zeidab); Blue Nile Prov. (Abu Haraz); Fung Prov.; White +Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Upper White Nile Prov. (Bahr El Zeraf), Red +Sea Prov. (Khor Gateb). + +The fruit is said to have purgative properties and to be a remedy for +dropsy. A mixture of the spongy tissue of the fruit and of milk (known +by the Sudanese as “Wassi purgative”) is taken by barren women to +stimulate pregnancy. + + +162 =Eureiandra Schweinfurthii= _Cogn._ + +Herbaceous climber; tendrils simple. Leaves deeply trilobed, about 3 in. +broad, scabrid. Stamens 5, much twisted. Fruit narrowly, 2 in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +163 =Momordica pterocarpa= _Hochst._ + +Climbing herb. Leaves digitate, 5-fol.; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, +obliquely cordate, 2-4 in. long. Male flowers crowded at end of a +peduncle with a hooded green bract ¾ in. long; corolla yellow, 1 in. +diameter; anthers 3, cells nearly straight. Female flower solitary, +ebracteate. Fruit 2-3 in. long, ovoid, pointed, with 8-10 short wings, +red when ripe. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +=M. Balsamina= _Pinn._ (EL) SHA’ALUK & (EL) YEIR (Blue Nile), (EL) ERRA +(N. Kordn.) & BEYLÄSĀN (Egypt), TAMR EL ABID—Arab. + +Herbaceous climber; tendrils simple. Leaves palmate, 3-5 lobed. Flowers +monœcious; male flower solitary on bracteate peduncle, yellow or white, +centre black, anthers flexuous. Fruit fleshy, beaked, red when ripe, 1-3 +in. long. + +Red Sea Prov. (Sinkat & Karora); Blue Nile, Fung, Darfur & Kordofan +Provinces. + +The fruit is eaten, especially by the Fellata. In Syria it is used for +curing wounds. The leaves are cooked and eaten; they are said also to be +good camel fodder. + + +=M. Charantia= _Linn._ + +Herbaceous climber; tendrils simple. Leaves palmately 7-9-fid, cordate. +Flowers yellow, monœcious, on long, slender peduncles, with a reniform +bract near the base. Fruit about 1½ in. long, ovoid-fusiform, with +longitudinal tubercled lines, with a decurved beak, orange when ripe; +seeds enclosed in scarlet pulp. + +Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla). + + +=M. Schimperiana= _Naudin._ + +Herbaceous climber. Leaves ovate, cordate, dentate. Fruit size of an +egg, covered with soft bristles, scarlet when ripe. + +Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post). + + +=M. Morkorra= _A. Rich._ + +Glabrous or pubescent climber. Leaves ovate, cordate, 3-5 in. long; +tendrils simple. Flowers monœcious; corolla rotate, yellow, 2 in. broad. +Fruit ovoid, red when ripe, densely hairy, 1-2 in. long. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Roseires & Fazoghli); White Nile +Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas and Niamniam-land, by the +Nabambisso River); Mongalla Prov. (Gondokoro). + + +=M. multiflora= _Hook. f._ + +Slender climber. Leaves ovate, cordate, faintly sinuate-toothed, 2-6 in. +long; tendrils simple or forked. Male flowers many on solitary or paired +peduncles, hairy; corolla ¾ in. diameter; yellow; anthers 3, cells +curved. Fr. ovoid, red, crowned with dried flower. + +Mongalla Prov. (Bor). + + +=M. Cymbalaria= _Fenzl._ + +Climber with woody, tuberous root. Leaves orbicular-reniform, 1-2 in. +broad, fleshy, 5-7 lobed; tendrils simple. Male flower racemose, hairy; +corolla 5-lobed, ½ in. diameter, yellow; filaments 2, one 2- and one +3-cleft; cells twisted. Fr. spindle-shaped, 8-ribbed, greenish. + +Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Mongalla Prov. + +The tubers are used to procure abortion. + + +164 =Cucumis Melo= _Linn._ AGUR or AJUR (N. Kordn., Wild form), FAGUS +(Sweet Senat), AJUR (Bitter Senat), also SENAT, SENAT-TIBISH, & SENAT +AJUR (Kordn.), AJUR EL KELB (Meshra El Zeraf) & SHAMMAM—Arab The Sweet +Melon. + +Prostrate or climbing, prickly herb. Leaves cordate, reniform or ovate, +3-5 lobed, irregularly toothed, scabrid, ½ to 1 in. long. Male flower +fascicled 1 to many, small, yellow; anthers 3, cells twisted, connective +produced, oblong, serrate. Fruit ovoid-globose, greenish-yellow. + +Between Suakin & Berber (Wadi Abu Selem); Berber Prov. (Zeidab); Kassala +Prov. (Gallabat); Khartoum, Fung, Kordofan & Darfur Provinces. +Cultivated and also wild. + + +=C. Figarei= _Del._ + +Trailing and climbing herb; tendrils simple. Leaves scabrid, 5-7 deeply +lobed, toothed, 1-2 in. diameter. Flowers hairy, yellow, small. Fruit +broad ovoid, covered with blunt tubercles. + +Between Suakin & Berber (Wadi Omareg); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White +Nile Prov. (J. Nyemati, Jebelein); Kordofan Prov. (Obeid & Mulbes); Bahr +El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Sabbi, Shambe); Darfur Prov. (Kulme). + + +=C. Prophetarum= _Linn._ HABASHKOL (N. Kordn.)—Arab. + +Annual climber with stiff, rough hairs. Leaves 3-5 lobed, 1¼ in. broad. +Male flower yellow, hairy; anthers 3, appendaged. Fruit broad ovoid; +green, with pale longitudinal bands, covered with soft spines, 1½ in. +long. + +Red Sea Prov.; Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan & Mongalla +Provinces. + +The fruit is bitter and is used as an emetic. + + +=C. dipsaceus= _Ehrenb._ AJUR EL GHAZAL (Meshra El Zeraf) & AJUR—Arab; +APET (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka; ABDALOUR—Jur; ABERTGH (Meshra El +Zeraf)—Shilluk. + +Slender herbaceous climber; tendrils simple. Leaves rounded or oblong- +reniform, entire or shallowly 3-5 lobed; scabrid, 2-4 in. broad; +petioles bristly. Male flower hairy; anthers appendaged. Fr. broadly +ovoid, ½ in. long, densely bristly. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Dongola Prov. (Old Dongola to Merowe); +Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov. (Dinder mouth); White Nile Prov. (J. +Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (Meginas); Darfur Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. + + +=C. sativus= _Linn._ KHIAR—Arab. The Cucumber. + +Climbing herb, stem hispid. Leaves 3-5 lobed. Fruit fusiform-oblong, +green, tubercled. + +Cultivated everywhere. + + +=C. metuliferus= _E. Mey._ + +Herbaceous climber. Leaves palmately 3-5 lobed, toothed, stiffly +pubescent, 2-4 in. diameter each way. Male flower: anthers 3-appendaged. +Fruit long, ovoid, 3-5 in. long, with scattered stout conical prickles, +orange when ripe. + +Blue Nile & Mongalla Provinces. Cultivated. + + +=C. Pepo= _DC._ ARAA or GARAA KOSSA—Arab. + +Prostrate herb. Leaves deeply 5-lobed. Petioles and leaf-nerves prickly. +Fruit oblong, large. + +Cultivated. Vegetable Marrow. + + +165 =Bryonopsis laciniosa= _Linn._ + +Slender climber; tendrils forked. Leaves 5-7 in. broad, 5-7 lobed, +cordate, scabrid, serrate. Male and female flowers in the same leaf +axil; corolla campanulate, small, yellow; stamens 3, anthers cohering, +flexuous. Fruit globose, 1 in. diameter, green, striped with yellow. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat.). + + +166 =Mukia scabrella= _Arn._ + +Hispid herbaceous climber; tendrils simple. Leaves cordate, almost +triangular. Flowers monœcious, small, yellow, male and female together +in axillary clusters. Fruit almost globose, with a few scattered hairs, +½ in. diameter, scarlet. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Between Suakin & Berber (Gireshab); Upper +White Nile Prov. (opposite Tonga Mission); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur +Ghattas). + +Used medicinally on the West Coast as an aperient and sudorific, and +also for flatulency. + + +167 =Zehneria cordifolia= _Schwfth._ + +Slender climber. Leaves cordate or triangular-cordate, 1½-2 in. +diameter. Male and female flowers in the same axil. Flowers white. Fruit +a berry, ¼ in. diameter, globose. + +Bahr El Jebel (Sudd); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Mbomu, near +the Lesi R.). + + +168 =Melothria deltoidea= _Benth._ + +Slender trailing or climbing plant. Leaves triangular-hastate. Flowers +white, monœcious; anthers distinct; fruit almost fusiform. Tendrils +simple. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé); Mongalla Prov. (Kenissa). + + +=M. tridactyla= _Hook. f._ + +Very slender thread-like branches. Leaves deltoid, very thin, 2 in. long +and broad, scabrid-warted on both sides; tendrils thread-like. Flowers +very small, on slender racemes. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Boddo River, 3729 Schwfth). + + +169 =Kedrostis foetidissima= _Cogn._ SHA’ALUK—Arab. + +Herbaceous climber; tendrils simple. Leaves broadly ovate, cordate, 1-3 +in. Flowers small, male in slender racemes, female solitary, monœcious. +Fruit fœtid, rugose, beaked, orange coloured when ripe. + +Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Kodok); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Dinka-land, Djuiho). + +The root is used for curing piles and asthma. The berry is used as cure +for sore throat, also when pounded up is given to sick cattle. The stem +is dried and pounded and used for mixing with snuff. + + +=K. sp.= + +Small climber with yellow flowers. + +Upper White Nile Prov. (Kodok). + + +170 =Corallocarpus Fenzlii= _Hook. f._ + +Prostrate herb. Leaves orbicular, 3-5 lobed, 3-4 in. diameter. Fruit +ovoid, long beaked, fleshy, scarlet. + +White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol). + + +=C. erostris= _Hook. f._ + +Prostrate herb. Leaves orbicular, obtusely 5-angled. Fruit hardly or not +at all beaked, scarlet. + +Nubian Coast; Red Sea Prov. (Wadi Soturba). + + +=C. Gijef= _Hook. f._ + +Prostrate; stem woody. Leaves scabrid, reniform, ovate, ¾ in. diameter, +3-lobed, distantly toothed, scabrid-glandular; tendrils stout, corky, +white. Flowers small, greenish-yellow. Fruit very short beaked, scarlet. + +Sudan North (Between Berber & Red Sea, in Wadis); Kassala Prov. (J. +Kirureb); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (Kaija Nuba). + + +=C. Ehrenbergii= _Hook. f._ + +Prostrate. Leaves deeply 3-5 lobed. Fruit beak slender, ½ in. long. + +Red Sea Prov. (Suakin). + + +=C. etbaicus= _Hook. f._ + +Prostrate; stem angular. Leaves 3-5 lobed, 1-2 in. diameter, ashy grey. +Fruit short-beaked, ½-⅔ in. long. + +Red Sea Prov. (Soturba). + + +171 =Ctenolepis fimbristipula= _K._ & _P._ + +Herbaceous climber; tendrils simple. Leaves deeply 5-lobed. Fruit size +of a cherry, when ripe red, with white markings. Stipular bracts, broad, +fringed. + +Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kassala Prov. +(Gallabat); Kordofan Prov. (Obeid & Mulbes); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post). + + +172 =Citrullus vulgaris= _Schrad._ BATTIKH—Arab. The Watermelon. + +Climbing or trailing herb; tendrils 2-3-fid. Leaves glabrous or slightly +hairy, palmately 3 or 7-lobed; lobes pinnatifid. Fruit globular, up to +size of a man’s head, green. + +Cultivated everywhere on river banks and sandbanks. + +The natives of the Bahr El Ghazal Prov. grow amongst their rain crops an +inedible variety called KOREISH BATTIKH (Arab) or DITIRA (Zande), and +extract an edible oil from the seeds. + + +=C. Colocynthis= _Schrad._ HANDAL—Arab; DUAB—Nuer. + +Climbing, or more usually, prostrate herb. Leaves much as above, but +scabrid on both surfaces. Fruit globose, the size of a cricket ball, +intensely bitter. + +North Sudan. + +The Colocynth Fruit, or Bitter Apple of Commerce. The pulp is extracted +and exported, it possesses powerful cathartic properties and is widely +used in medicine. In the Sudan a tar is obtained from the fruit with +which water bags are dressed in order to prevent camels from tearing +them open. The powdered pulp, either alone or mixed with Black Pepper, +is used as a preventative against the Clothes Moth. + + +173 =Cephalandra indica= _Naud._ + +Climbing perennial; tendrils simple; stem angular and grooved. Leaves +usually broad cordate-ovate, more or less deeply 5-lobed, glabrous. +Flowers diœcious, solitary, axillary; stamens 3, anthers connate. Fruit +ovoid-oblong, slightly beaked, scarlet. + +Red Sea Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov.; Mongalla +Prov. (Sheikh Tombé & Mongalla). + +The scarlet, oblong fruit, is eaten both raw or cooked. The juice of the +tap-root is used for diabetes. + + +=C. Moghadd= _Aschers._ MUGHAD—Arab. + +Climbing. Leaves pentagonal or sub-5-lobed to nearly the middle, +dentate, with glandular teeth, very acute, up to 4½ in. long, closely +scabrid-warted all over; tendrils slender, undivided. Flowers fairly +large, with spreading gamopetalous corolla. Fruits oblong, fibrous, 2½ +in. long. + +White Nile Prov. + + +=C. quinqueloba= _Schrad._ MUGHAD (N. Kordn.)—Arab. + +Prostrate or climbing herb; tendrils simple. Leaves deeply 5-lobed, 3-5 +in. broad, with glands at base of nerves. Flowers diœcious. Male flower +solitary or subcymose; stamens 3; anthers connate, twisted. Female +flower solitary, white or yellow. Fruit oblong-ovoid. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (Bara); +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Nuer & Dinka Country); Sudd Country (Hillet El +Nuer). + +Fruit edible. + + +=C. diversifolia= _Naud._ + +Prostrate or climbing herb. Leaves 1-6 in. broad, upper ovate-cordate, +acuminate, toothed; lower palmately, deeply 3-5 lobed, hispid. Male +flower, corolla broadly campanulate; stamens 3, filaments partly free. +Fruit ovoid, marbled red, white and yellow. + +Between Suakin & Berber (J. Okurr); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post). + + +174 =Cucurbita maxima= _Duchesne._ ARAA- or GARAA-STAMBULI or -AASSALI +(Egypt)—Arab. Pumpkin. + +Creeping herb. Leaves large, 5-lobed. Fruit large. + + + =CARICACEÆ.= + + +175 =Carica Papaya= _Linn._ PIPI—Zande. Paw-Paw. + +Small, soft-wooded tree, showing leaf-scars on the stem. Leaves large +palmatifid. Fruit of female tree almost sessile on stem close to base of +the leaves, the size of a small melon, the orange-yellow pulp of which +is eaten. + +Introduced. Cultivated in gardens. + +Fruit edible, possesses a digestive principle called Papain, similar to +Pepsin, which is marketed as a drug. + + + =CACTACEÆ.= + + +176 =Opuntia Dillenii= _Haw._ BRITTEIN—Hadendowa. + +Succulent subarborescent plants with more or less prickly, jointed stems +and branches; joints flat, obovate. Flowers from upper edge of joints, +yellow, tinged with red, 2-3 in. across. Fruit pyriform, edible when +ripe. + +The Prickly Pear, cultivated and sub-wild. Originally introduced from +America. + + + =OCHNACEÆ.= + + +177 =Ochna Schweinfurthiana= _F. Hoffm._ + +A tree, 25 ft. high. Leaves oblanceolate, widely emarginate, about 3½ +in. long and 1½ in. broad, serrulate, many-nerved; flowers clustered, +long-pedicellate; sepals 1 cm. long; fruits 1 cm. long, reticulate. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: Deragoh). + + +=O. ardisioides= _Webb._ + +Small or middle-sized tree, with coriaceous leaves; flowers in twos, on +old wood. Style 4-5-fid. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. (Roseires). + + +=O. leucophlœos= _Hochst._ + +Tortuous shrub. Leaves coriaceous, closely serrulate, 3-6 in. long. +Flowers 3-10 together, on old wood, yellow; anthers dehiscing by pore- +like slits. + +Fung Prov. + + +=O. sp.= + +Shrub, with dark bark; leafless at time of flowering; flowers white. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Between Wau & Deim Zubeir). + + +=O. sp.= + +Mittu-land (Derago). + + +178 =Lophira alata= _Banks._ TANGA—Dinka & Jur, ZAWA—Zande. + +Tree with long, glossy leaves; fruit like a shuttlecock, usually +3-winged. Flowers white or yellow, in terminal pyramidal panicles. + +Mongalla Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (from Wau southwards). + +The seeds yield an oil which is used in cooking, for hair oil and for +making soap. The wood is very hard and heavy (density 1.1), difficult to +work. It is dark brown in colour, and is suitable for heavy joinery and +sleepers. + + +179 =Ouratea Arnoldiana= _De Wild_ & _Dur._ + +_Gomphia Arnoldiana_ DC. + +Shrub or tree. Leaves oblong-oblanceolate, acutely acuminate, about 6 +in. long, 2 in. broad, with very numerous but obscure parallel nerves, +minutely and distantly toothed; flowers yellow, few in racemes, shorter +than the leaves. + +Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Mbrwole River). + + +=O. densiflora= _De Wild_ & _Dur._ + +_Gomphia densiflora_ DC. + +Shrub or tree. Leaves oblong-obovate, very shortly acuminate, about 6 +in. long, 2½-3 in. broad, rather closely serrulate, with rather distant +lateral nerves; flowers in lax panicles longer than the leaves. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Linduku Stream). + + +180 =Sauvagesia erecta= _Linn._ + +Small herb. Leaves lanceolate or oblong, serrulate; stipules persistent, +pectinate-ciliate. Flowers small, white, rose or violet; fertile stamens +5; staminodes in two rows, inner of 5 petaloid, and outer of numerous +capitate hairs. Capsule 3-valved. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dokuttu: Bongo-land, to Congo). + +The plant is very mucilaginous. + + + =DIPTEROCARPACEÆ.= + + +181 =Monotes Kerstingii= _Gilg._ MELLA—Dinka. + +Small tree; fruit surrounded by the enlarged ring-like sepals. Leaves +elliptic, rounded at both ends, with about 12 pairs of lateral nerves, +softly white tomentose below, about 4 in. by 2¾ in.; flowers small, in +axillary cymes. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: East of Tonj, Bongo-land & Dar Fertit). + + + =MYRTACEÆ.= + + +182 =Syzygium guineense= _DC._ KORONGO, AGUA or AGUD—Golo; KULOH or +KULA—Jur; SANAMBIRI—Zande. + +Two types: (a) A large tree with heavy foliage. Leaves ovate-oblong, +short-acuminate. Flowers pale yellow, fragrant. (b) Small tree with +ovate or obovate leaves. Flowers white. + +Fung Prov.; Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 4-8,000 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal & +Mongalla Provinces: Jur-land & Mittu-land: Kuragera. + +A good timber tree; wood red, hard, even-grained, durable; fruit a +small, purple edible berry. Leaves aromatic when bruised. + + +183 =Psidium pomiferum= _Don._ The Guava tree. + +Shrub or small tree. Leaves opposite, oblong or elliptic-oblong. +Peduncles axillary, about 1½ in. long, with 1-3 flowers; flowers white. +Fruit oblong, size of a small lemon, strongly aromatic when ripe. + +Introduced from West Indies. Grown in gardens. + + + =MELASTOMATACEÆ.= + + +184 =Osbeckia saxicola= _Gilg._ + +Hispid pilose herb. Leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, up to 7 cm. long, +long setose-pilose on both surfaces. Flowers paniculate, rose. Fruits +urn-shaped, calyx deciduous. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Niamniam-land: by Nambia Brook, near +the Kishi). + + +=O. senegambiensis= _Guill._ & _Perr._ + +Small shrub; branches 4-angled, scabrid; nodes with long-spreading +bristles. Leaves opposite, elliptic to lanceolate, with 3 parallel +nerves. Flowers ¾ in. diameter, rose or purple, usually 5-merous, in +terminal racemes; anthers 10, 2-tubercled at base. Capsule enclosed in +10-ribbed, bristly calyx-tube. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (near the Pongo River between Wau & Chak-Chak). + + +185 =Antherotoma Naudini= _Hook. f._ + +Small herb, stem 4-angled. Leaves opposite, in few pairs, ovate, ½ in. +long. Flowers small, 4-merous, surrounded by a 4-leaved involucre; lobes +of calyx alternating with bristles; stamens 8-10, with connective +produced below, 2-tubercled at base, anthers opening by large pores. +Capsule membranous. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Addai & Dar Fertit: near the Kuru +River). + + +186 =Dissotis petiolata= _Hook. f._ + +Shrub. Leaves 4-6 in. long, elliptic, with 5-parallel nerves, opposite. +Flowers solitary or 2 together, 5-merous, pink or purple, enclosed in +leafy bracts, anthers 8-10, some longer, incurved, connective produced, +as long as anther-cells. Capsule 5-valved, with a minute ring of +bristles. + +Bahr El Jebel (Madi); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=D. capitata= (_Vahl_) _Hook. f._ =var. Barteri= _Hook. f._ + +Small shrub, scabrid, 4-angled. Leaves 3-5 in. long, opposite, 5-7 +parallel-nerved. Flowers in small bracteate heads; stamens and capsule +as above. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Khor Tela: between Tonj & Wau). + + +=D. phæotricha= _Triana._ (_Osbeckia postpluvialis_ Gilg). + +Hispid herb, 6-8 in. high, 4-angled. Leaves 2 in. long, oblong with 3-5 +parallel nerves. Flowers 4-merous, capitate; bracts small, pectinate, +with bristles; calyx bristly; petals purple, obovate; anthers of 2 +lengths; connective short, 2-fid, shorter; stamens 2-tubercled at base. +Capsule as above. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: near Kulengo, Jur Ghattas). + + +=D. rotundifolia= ex _Gilg._ (_D. prostrata_ Triana). + +Herb. Leaves ovate, 3-nerved, about 1¼ in. long, ¾ in. broad, slightly +pubescent. Flowers few, rose; calyx lobes lanceolate, acute, ⅓ in. long. +Fruits nearly glabrous, ⅓ in. long, calyx persistent. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Atazilli). + + +=D. Schweinfurthii= _Gilg._ + +Bushy plant, 4 ft. high. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, 1½-3 in. +long, ¾-1 in. broad, hispidulous, 5-nerved. Flowers with 2 large bracts +at the base, mauve; calyx densely covered with very hairy bristles; +smaller lobes between the calyx lobes. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +=D. scabra= _Gilg._ + +Herb, 3-4 ft., stems subquadrangular. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, 4 in. +long, 1½-2 in. broad, scabrid above, scabrid-puberulous below. Flowers +in terminal cymes. Calyx with numerous disk-like processes outside, +setose. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: between Tonj & Duguru & Niamniam-land: +Kulensho). + + +187 =Tristemma roseum= _Gilg._ + +Branchlets slender, glabrous. Leaves elliptic, acute, 2½ in. long, 1 in. +broad, slightly setulose. Involucres sessile. Receptacle glabrous. Calyx +lobes obtuse. Flowers rose. + +Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Assika River). + + +=T. Incompletum= _R. Br._ + +Erect, bristly shrub; branches 4-angled. Leaves opposite, elliptic to +lanceolate, 4-6 in. long, 5-7 nerved, hairy. Flowers capitate, enclosed +in broad, hairy bracts. Receptacle with a single ring of bristles. +Petals ¼ in., white or pink; stamens 10, mostly equal, with 1 pore, +2-tubercled; crown of ovary bristly. Fruit dry. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River); Mongalla +Prov. (Yei River). + + +=T. papillosum= _Gilg._ + +Erect shrub, bristly; branches 4-angled. Leaves opposite, elliptic to +lanceolate, 4-6 in. long, 5-7 nerved, hairy. Flowers capitate, enclosed +in leafy bracts. Receptacle quite glabrous. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=T. grandifolium= _Gilg._ + +Branches setose. Leaves ovate-elliptic, acuminate, pubescent on both +surfaces, 5 in. long, 2½ in. broad. Involucres sessile, 4-7 flowered. +Receptacle with 2 rings of hairs. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + + =COMBRETACEÆ.= + + +188 =Terminalia macroptera= _Guill._ & _Perr._ DAROT or DURŪT—Arab; +KOTWANG (J. Eliri)—Nuba. + +Tree, 60 ft. high. Leaves alternate, 1 ft. or more long, ovate, tips +sometimes reflexed. Flowers small, green or white, in lax axillary +spikes; petals (as in others of this genus) 0; stamens 10, in 2 rows. +Fruit 2-winged, 3-4 in. long, 1 in. broad. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli). + +Exudes a gum. Bark burnt as perfume by Sudanese women. Wood handsome and +close grained, has been sold as Teak. + + +=T. near macroptera= _Guill._ & _Perr._ SIORO—Golo. + +Young leaves purplish, slightly pubescent, mature elliptic, cuneate at +each end, about 9 in. long, 3-3½ in. broad, at length quite glabrous. +Flowers and fruits not seen. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau). + + +=T. laxiflora= _Engl._ GURFA—Bongo. + +Medium tree. Leaves elliptic, rounded at the base, about 6 in. long and +3 in. broad, glabrous. Spikes axillary, very slender, 5-6 in. long. +Fruit 2-winged, 3 in. long, 1 in. broad. Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur +Ghattas); Khor Dehab, Blue Nile. + + +=T. Schweinfurthii= _Eng._ & _Diels._ DURŪT—Arab; LINGA—Dinka. + +Very similar to preceding, but leaves very unequal-sided and cuneate at +the base and narrowed to the apex. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: near the Gendua River); Fung Prov.; Nuba Mts. +Prov. (Um Seneina, near J. El Amira & Singukai); Bahr El Ghazal & +Mongalla Provinces. + + +=T. aff. T. Schweinfurthii= _Eng._ & _Diels._ TAMAREIB (Kordn.)—Arab. + +Leaves verticillate, ovate to oblong-elliptic, obtuse, sub-cuneate at +the base, 3-4 in. long, strongly reticulate and tomentellous below. +Fruits narrowly oblong, 2½ in. long, ¾ in. broad, flat, glabrous. + +Kordofan Prov. (near Um Ruaba). + + +=T. salicifolia= _Schwfth._ + +Stems and leaves glaucous, glabrous. Leaves lanceolate, acute at both +ends, 6 in. long, 1-1¾ in. broad, finely reticulate below. Spikes +axillary. Young fruit pubescent. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat). + + +=T. torulosa= _F. Hoffm._ + +Tree, 30 ft. Leaves elliptic, rounded at each end, about 9 in. long and +5 in. broad, softly tomentose below and strongly nerved. Spikes about 4 +in. long, tomentose. Fruit 3 in. long, 1 in. broad, tomentellous. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +=T. sp.= + +Tree, 15 ft. high. Leaves broadly elliptic, rounded at each end, 8 in. +long and 5 in. broad, reticulate and sparsely pubescent below, with +about 15 pairs of lateral nerves. Flowers and fruit not seen. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir, III 228 Schwfth). + + +=T. Spekei= _Rolfe._ + +Small tree with rough bark, 10 to 20 ft. high. Leaves elongate oblong- +obovate, about 12 in. long and 4 in. broad, very densely and softly +tomentose below, with very strong lateral nerves. Fruits oblong- +elliptic, 3 in. long, 1½ in. broad, tomentellous. + +Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + + +=T. splendida= _Engl._ & _Diels._ DURŪT—Arab; FIOK or PHUK—Dinka; TO & +FIAWE—Golo; FIOK & POH—Jur; GURFA—Bongo; BAKAIPUR—Zande. + +Tree, 50 ft. high, with rough bark. Leaves large, elliptic, slightly +narrowed at each end, 9 in. long, 4 in. broad, leathery, softly +tomentose below. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. + +Bark rough; when powdered, is used as snuff by Sudanese women. This +species is very resistant to grass fires. + + +=T. Brownei= _Fresen._ SUBAKH & SUBARAYA—Arab; TAHAT—Rashida; +’MBRA—Nuba. + +Large tree, with delicate branch tracery; old bark rough, young bark +smooth, whitish. Fruit 2-winged, purplish-red, up to 3 in. long. Leaves +in large tufts near the ends of branches, broadly lanceolate or elliptic +acuminate. + +Fung Prov.; Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 5,200 ft.); Kordofan Prov.; Red Sea +Prov. (Has Has). + + +=T. sericea= _Burch._ + +Small tree; bark steel coloured; the whole covered with silky +pubescence. Leaves crowded in pseudo-verticils, oblanceolate-cuspidate. +Fruit 2-winged, roundish-ovate, rusty-velvety, 1 in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Biri River). + + +=T. sp. 1337= _Schwfth._ + +Shrub, with viscid young parts. Leaves (very young) ovate-elliptic, +small, with about 5 pairs of lateral nerves, pubescent on the midrib. +Spikes short. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=T. glabra= _Roxb._ + +Very large tree with smooth bark, flaking off in large pieces. Leaves +sub-opposite. Fruit 1½ in. long, 5-winged. + +Introduced. + +Exudes a gum. The timber is light-brown in colour and fairly strong, but +does not resist white ants. The bark is sometimes used for dyeing; it is +also considered tonic and astringent. A fine white lime-like ash is +obtained by burning the bark. + + +=T. Dawei= _Rolfe._ + +Small tree. Leaves elongate-obovate, up to 12 in. long and 4 in. broad, +with numerous lateral nerves. Flowers not seen. Fruits red, glaucous, +flat, 4 in. long, 1¾ in. broad. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +189 =Anogeissus leiocarpus= _Guill._ & _Perr._ SAHABA (Kordofan) & +SEILAG—Arab; DARO—Rashida; SHIRGI (Dilling), KÏRĪD (J. Eliri) & TAMURU +(Kadugli)—Nuba; SINGA & M’BA—Golo; KHAI—Hameg; AMMET (Goz El +Siada)—Dinka; YIN—Burun; MET—Nuer; SIRINGA—Bongo; BANGA—Zande. + +Tall, graceful tree, with slender drooping branches and smooth bark +which flakes off. Leaves alternate, ovate-lanceolate. Flowers in globose +heads, small; petals 0; fruit small, coriaceous, broadly 2-winged. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung, Kordofan & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces; +Upper White Nile Prov. (Goz El Siada); Bahr El Jebel (Madi); Darfur +Prov.; Red Sea Prov. (Has Has). + +Timber white, strong, elastic, useful for building carts, implements, +etc. Not suitable for railway sleepers. The roots are rich in tannin and +the wood ashes are used in W. Africa as a mordant for fixing dyes. +Yields an insoluble gum. + + +=A. near leiocarpus= _Guill._ & _Perr._ SAHABA—Arab. + +Differs chiefly by its more marked heartwood. + +Kordofan Prov. + +Timber dark, hard and capable of taking a good polish. + + +190 =Gulera senegalensis= _Lam._ OBEISH or RUBEISH—Arab; KŪĪ (J. +Eliri)—Nuba. + +Small tree or shrub with downy branches, the whole plant minutely black +dotted. Leaves opposite, oval, subcordate, cuspidate. Flowers in +pedunculate involucrate heads. Fruit densely clothed with very long +silky hairs, making a fluffy head. + +Kordofan, Darfur & Nuba Mts. Provinces. + +Good camel fodder. + + +191 =Combretum trichanthum= _Fresen._ TARŌB—Rashida; SHĀF—Hadendowa. + +Small tree; young branches pubescent. Leaves opposite, elliptic to +elliptic-lanceolate, 4-8 in. long, densely hairy when young. Flowers +4-merous, small, in axillary spikes; petals obdeltoid, minutely fringed +stamens 8, in 2 rows; fruit 4-5 winged, ¾ in. long. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + + +=C. Hartmannianum= _Schwfth._ HABIL (White Nile), SUBAKH or SUBAKH SODA +(Fung)—Arab; KARSO (J. Daier), HAGGIARN (Dilling), KWAE (J. Eliri) & +N’DARU (Kadugli)—Nuba. + +Small to fairly large tree. Leaves opposite, long acuminate-caudate. +Flowers: calyx 4-lobed; petals 4, minute; stamens 8, in 2 rows. Fruit +4-winged. + +Fung Prov. (Roseires & Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (Jebelein); Nuba +Mts. Prov.; Red Sea Prov. (Has Has). + +Exudes a gum. The timber is said to be good. Some portions of the tree +are used as perfume by the Nuba. + + +=C. lecananthum= _Engl._ & _Diels._ M’NA—Golo; DERA—Jur. + +Small tree. Leaves oblong-elliptic, 4 in. long, 1-1¾ in. broad, thin, +glabrous. Racemes shorter than the leaves, slender. Fruits broadly +elliptic, 1 in. long, 4-winged, glabrous. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau). + + +=C. multispicatum= _Engl._ & _Diels._ HABIL—Arab; MANĀ or TEPELU—Golo; +GŎK—Nuer. + +Moderate-sized tree; branchlets and leaves pubescent, the latter +alternate, broadly oblong-elliptic, mucronate, 4 in. long, 1¾ in. broad, +glossy when young. Flowers paniculate, pubescent, small. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo & Jur-lands). + + +=C. ghasalense= _Engl._ & _Diels._ HABIL—Arab; TEPELU—Golo; BAZE—Zande. + +Moderate-sized tree. Leaves in whorls of 3, oblong-elliptic, acute at +both ends, 3 in. long, 1¼ in. broad, glabrous and closely reticulate on +both surfaces. Flowers in short panicles, crowded. + +Kordofan Prov. (Fertangul); Darfur Prov., Bahr El Ghazal & Mongalla +Provinces. + +The smoke from the wood is used as perfume by Sudanese women. + + +=C. brunneum= _Engl._ & _Diels._ + +Small tree, 20 ft. high; branchlets glabrous. Leaves opposite, ovate- +lanceolate, rounded or subcordate at the base, obtuse and emarginate at +the apex, 2-2½ in. long, about 1 in. broad, reddish-brown and closely +reticulate when dry. Fruits sub-orbicular, 4-winged, ¾ in. broad. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, Mittu-land). + + +=C. undulatum= _Wall._ SUBAKH or SUBAKH BEIDA (Fung)—Arab; BOGWEH—Bari; +BAZI—Hameg. + +Tree, 40 ft. high: branchlets glabrous. Leaves in whorls of 3, oblong- +elliptic, acute, 6 in. long, 2 in. broad, undulate, glossy or viscid +when young. Flower paniculate, small, hairy. + +Fung Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. (Ghebeish); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: +Kutshuk Ali & Mittu-land: Ngama); Mongalla Prov. (Sh. Thombé). + +The smoke from the wood is used as perfume by Sudanese women. + + +=C. glutinosum= _Perr._ + +Small tree. Leaves in whorls of 3 or 4. Fruit 4-winged. Flowers small, +pubescent, greenish-white, on small axillary spikes. + +Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + + +=C. cordofanum= _Engl._ & _Diels._ + +Leaves obovate-elliptic, acutely acuminate, 6 in. long, 2½ in. broad, +softly tomentose below. Fruits thinly winged, oblong, truncate at the +base, 1 in. long, ¾ in. broad, puberulous. + +Kordofan Prov. (Um Dajog). + + +=C. gallabatense= _Schwfth._ + +Middle-sized tree. Leaves about 6 in. long, lanceolate, hoary pubescent. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma). + + +=C. Schweinfurthii= _Engl._ & _Diels._ + +Tree. Leaves variable, from 1½ in. long, obovate to 12 in. long, broadly +lanceolate, acute to acuminate. Fruit 4-winged. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Ngoli & Niamniam-land, by the +Gumango). + + +=C. verticillatum= _Engl._ + +Small tree, branchlets rusty tomentellous. Leaves in whorls of 4, +lanceolate-elliptic, long acuminate, about 8 in. long and 2 in. broad, +shortly pubescent and rather densely lepidote-glandular below. Flower- +spikes axillary, 2½ in. long. Fruits 4-winged, ¾ in. long, tomentose +between the wings. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land & Bongo-land: Gir). + + +=C. bongense= _Engl._ + +Shrub with sweet-smelling flowers. Leaves clustered ovate-lanceolate, +subacute, 3½ in. long, 1½ in. broad, very densely lepidote below, with +tufts of hairs in the axils of the leaves. Spikes simple, 3 in. long, +tomentose. Fruits broadly elliptic, 1¼ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Dakuttu); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Debri). + + +=C. adenogonium= _Steud._ + +Tree. Leaves usually ternate, ovate to lanceolate, downy beneath, +leaving deep scars after falling off. Flowering branches leafless. +Flowers small on short woolly spikes. Fruit 4-5-winged, about 1 in. +long, shining. + +Darfur Prov. + + +=C. populifolium= _Engl._ & _Diels._ BEMBU—Golo. + +Shrub or tree, 20 ft. high. Leaves in whorls of 3, elliptic, sub- +acuminate, 3 in. long, 1½ in. broad, densely lepidote below. Fruits +suborbicular, 1 in. broad, densely rusty-lepidote. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land; S.W. of Old Wau). + + +=C. splendens= _Engl._ + +Branchlets softly pubescent. Leaves ovate, more or less slightly cordate +at the base, acute, about 5 in. long and 3 in. broad, softly pubescent +on both surfaces. Flowers crowded in short spikes, hairy. Fruits +elliptic, lepidote, 1¼ in. long. + +Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, mid-zone). + + +=C. lepidotum= _Hochst._ + +Tree; branches compressed, scaly. Leaves opposite, ovate, acute, 2-4 in. +long, viscid, glandular above and densely scaly beneath. Flowers in +axillary spikes of the length of the leaves. Fruit lepidote. + +Fung. Prov. + + +=C. collinum= _Fresen._ UM-SUMAIN—Arab; ARGADA—Hameg. + +Small tree; fruit 4-winged. Leaves sub-opposite, 3-5 in. long, ovate to +elliptical, sparingly scaly above, densely so beneath. Flowers small in +simple axillary spikes shorter than the leaves. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Sh. Tombé). + + +=C. parvulum= _Engl._ & _Diels._ + +Undershrub from a woody rhizome. Leaves oblong, rounded at both ends, +very mucronate, 3½ in. long, very strongly reticulate below, pubescent +between the veins. Flowers few and clustered at the ends of the +peduncle. Fruits broadly elliptic, with membranous wings 1 in. long, +puberulous. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit). + + +=C. paniculatum= _Vent._ + +Climber with large panicles of small scarlet flowers. Leaves with +twisted stalks, elliptic, 5 in. long, 2½ in. broad, glabrous. Fruits +suborbicular, with broad membranous wings about 1 in. across. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: Kuddu). + + +=C. capituliflorum= _Fenzl._ + +Woody climber. Flowers in globose, densely woolly heads arranged in +short terminal and axillary panicles, dull yellow. Leaves opposite or +ternate, lanceolate, undulate 4-6 in. long. Fruit 1½ in. long; wings +narrow, woody. + +Blue Nile Prov. (Fazoghli); White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Bongo-land); Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + + +=C. molle= _R. Br._ + +Shrub or small tree; young leaves densely hairy. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (between Biri River & Deim Zubeir). + + +=C. racemosum= _Beauv._ + +Showy shrub, 20 ft. high. Young leaves and flowers carmine. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +=C. mittuense= _Engl._ & _Diels._ + +Climber. Leaves oblong-elliptic, acute, about 4 in. long, 2 in. broad, +thinly papery, glabrous. Flowers paniculate, with coloured leafy bracts, +pale pink, tassel-like; calyx green; stamens carmine. Fruits obovate, +with very membranous wings, about 1 in. across. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: by the Roah River). + + +=C. near C. comosum= _Don._ + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River). + + +=C. aculeatum= _Vent._ SHEKHEIT (Fung), SHUHEIT (Dongola) & SHEHEIT +(Kordn.) or SOGHEIT—Arab; MARTE (Dilling) & MINDIGIRI (Kadugli)—Nuba; +REGA—Bari. + +Scandent shrub. Petioles of leaves persistent, forming decurved spines. +Flowers rather small, white; calyx 5-lobed; petals 5; stamens 10; +anthers orange. Fruit 4-5-winged. + +Dongola Prov. (Wadi Id El Murakh); Berber Prov. (Atbara River: Goz +Regeb); Red Sea Prov. (Khors, Karora Hills); Fung. Prov. (Jongol’s +Post); Blue Nile Prov. (Upper); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); +Kordofan, Darfur, Bahr El Ghazal & Mongalla Provinces. + + +=C. platypterum= _Hutch._ & _J. M. Diels._ + +Climber with large panicles of reddish long, tubular flowers, about 1 +in. long. Leaves oblong, rounded at the base, 6 in. long, glabrous. +Fruits like “Honesty,” orbicular-obovate, broadly winged, about 1½ in. +broad. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River). + + +=C. sp. (cf. C. altum= _Guill._ & _Perr._). KUSI (J. Daier)—Nuba. + +Small tree; fruit 4-winged; shoots sometimes twining. Leaves ovate- +lanceolate, acute, 4 in. long, 2 in. broad, glabrous. + +Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Daier). 884 S.G.H. + + +=C. sp.= GOAK—Dinka; BOADUN—Burun. + +Upper White Nile Prov. (Goz El Siada). + + + =RHIZOPHORACEÆ.= + + +192 =Rhizophora sp.= Probably =R. mucronata= _Lam._ + +Mangrove. Leaves obovate-elliptic, long-mucronate, leathery, about 4½ +in. long and 2 in. broad. Flowers few. Sepals oblong, leathery. Petals +hairy inside. Seeds germinating before falling. + +Muddy shores of Red Sea, south of Suakin. + + +193 =Bruguiera gymnorrhiza= _Lam._ + +Tree with smooth bark, marked on young branches with scars of leaves and +stipules. Leaves rather thick, oval, bright green. Fruit scarlet, 1 in. +long. Seeds germinating before falling. + +Muddy shores of Red Sea, south of Suakin. + + + =HYPERICACEÆ.= + + +194 =Hypericum Lalandii= _Choisy._ + +Small tufted herb, under 10 in. high. Leaves lanceolate or linear- +oblong, about ¼ in. long, gland-dotted. Flowers yellow in dichotomous +cymes. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +=H. perforatum= _Linn._ + +Somewhat woody plant with perennial stock. Leaves with translucent and +some dark dots; corolla yellow with black dots. Stamens polyadelphous. + +Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, over 6,000 ft.). + + +195 =Psorospermum salicifolium= _Engl._ + +Leaves lanceolate, acute, 2 in. long, ½ in. broad, glabrous. Flowers in +small close cymes. Sepals and petals streaked with resin, the latter +densely hairy inside. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: Kutshuk Ali & Kuragera); Niamniam +(Tuhami). + + +=P. senegalense= _Spach._ + +Shrub; twigs and young leaves rusty tomentose. Flowers in dense corymbs, +white, streaked with brown; stamens 5-adelphous. Leaves opposite or +alternate, elliptic. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit). + + +=P. tenuifolium= _Hook. f._ + +Glabrous shrub. Leaves elliptic, opposite, opaquely punctate, 2-4 in. +long. Flowers in terminal corymbs; stamens 5-7-adelphous. + +Fung Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +196 =Haronga madagascariensis= _Chois._ KAWA (Mongalla Prov.)—Makraka. + +Shrub or small tree. Leaves opposite, entire, rusty tomentose when +young, ovate-oblong, connected by an interpetiolar ridge. Flowers small, +5-adelphous, in broad terminal corymbose cymes. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Khor Tela, between Wau & Tonj, and +near the Mongo-longbo stream); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + +The fruit is edible; the seeds are used in French Guinea in cookery. The +wood is of great beauty, it works well and finishes without trouble. A +yellow dye is obtained from the inner bark of the tree. It is found in +Mongalla Prov., frequently associated with _Berlinia acuminata_. + + + =GUTTIFERÆ.= + + +197 =Garcinia sp.= + +Branchlets angular, glabrous. Leaves elliptic, shortly acuminate, acute +at the base, 3½ in. long, 1½ in. broad, with numerous lateral nerves +prominent on both surfaces. Fruits clustered, ⅔ in. long; stalks ½ in. +long. + +Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Mbrwole River). + + + =TILIACEÆ.= + + +198 =Christiana africana= _DC._ + +Tall tree; young parts, leaves, stalks, calyx and carpels covered with +dense yellow stellate tomentum. Leaf stalks 3-4 in. long; leaves +cordate-ovate or oblong, palmately 5-nerved, 6-12 in. long. Flowers in +terminal corymbose cymes. Calyx 3-lobed. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the River Hu). + + +199 =Grewia flavescens= _Burret._ GADDEIM (Darfur), UM KHALATOT (Goz El +Siada), KHELISAN & YABELAYUS—Arab; KINDAL (J. Eliri)—Nuba; +BAMBURTI—Golo. + +Straggling shrub with quadrangular stems. Leaves sub-coriaceous, pilose, +ovate-oblong, subcordate, coarsely serrate, 2-4 in. long; stipules 2, +subulate-lanceolate, deciduous. Peduncles axillary, 2-3 flowered. Petals +emarginate. Drupe 1-4 lobed, pilose. + +Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Goz El Siada); +Darfur Prov. (Kulme, & J. Marra, 4,000 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Khor +Niual: between Chak-Chak & Deim Zubeir & Bongo-land: Addai). + + +=G. venusta= _Fresen._ KURMUZ—Hameg. + +Perennial or undershrub, white, stellately tomentose. Leaves roundish +oblong, palmately 3-5 nerved, 3-5 in. long. Cymes many flowered, extra +axillary. Drupe size of a large pea 2-4 lobed, crustaceous, copper- +coloured, pilose. + +Blue Nile Prov. + + +=G. Kakothamnos= _K. Schum._ + +Shrub or small tree. Leaves obovate-elliptic, serrulate, about 1 in. +long, stellate-pubescent. Flowers axillary, subsolitary; pedicels ⅓ in. +long, bibracteate above the middle; sepals ½ in. long. + +Darfur Prov. + + +=G. salvifolia= _Heyne._ BASHAM (Fung)—Arab; DILI—Burun; KEM (Goz El +Siada)—Dinka; BAIDI—Hameg. + +Large shrub or small tree; fruit edible, usually 2-lobed. Leaves +lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, entire undulate or serrulate. Flowers +yellow in axillary fascicles. + +Fung Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Goz El Siada). + + +=G. occidentalis= _Linn._ + +Small tree. Leaves obliquely ovate, acute, about 2 in. long and 1 in. +broad, crenate, nearly glabrous. Flowers 3-4 together in very small +umbels; sepals mauve inside, ½ in. long. + +Red Sea Prov. (Has Has). + + +=G. ferruginea= _Hochst._ + +A small tree. Leaves obovate-elliptic, acute, very closely crenulate, +4-5 in. long and about 2 in. broad, closely covered with short stellate +hairs below. Flowers in threes the middle one opening first; sepals +linear-lanceolate, ½ in. long, tomentose; fruits reticulate. + +Locality? (fide Mrs. Crowfoot). + + +=G. mollis= _Juss._ BASHAM (Kordn.)—Arab; KUAM (J. Eliri)—Nuba; ULUMBA +or EUWI—Golo; KAM—Nuer; POIGO—Zande. + +Shrub or small tree, giving out long, semi-scandent shoots. Leaves +ovate-lanceolate, with 3 basal nerves. Flowers yellow, solitary. Drupes +indistinctly 4-lobed, dark yellow. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. +Debri & J. Eliri); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land, Niamniam-land & +Jur-land); Red Sea Prov. (Katai Geraita). + +The bast yields a fibre; the wood ashes are used as a substitute for +salt; the fruit is edible; the wood is used for bows and arrows; it is +light red or pink, and very elastic. + + +=G. monticola= _Sond.?_ BASHAM (Baggara)—Arab. + +Shrub. Leaves oblong, acute, 4 in. long, 1¾ in. broad, glabrescent +above, softly tomentellous below, 3-nerved at the base. Fruit the size +of a pea, whitish. + +Nuba Mts. Prov. (Um Durein & J. Fertangul). + + +=G. betulæfolia= _Juss._ GADDEIM—Arab; HEDDA—Rashida; TOMUT—Hadendowa; +KARII (J. Eliri) & ARUING (Rashad—Talodi)—Nuba; ANGALOA—Hameg; AFOR & +APOR (Kenissa) & AFWĀR (Renk)—Dinka; OFADOH—Shilluk. + +Shrub. Leaves small, somewhat variable, irregularly crenate serrate; +flowers white, solitary; fruit orange coloured, 2-4 lobed, edible. + +Almost throughout the Sudan, particularly south of Khartoum. + + +=G. erythræa= _Schwfth._ + +Shrub. Leaves rounded-obovate, 3-5 nerved at the base, repand-dentate, +about 1¼ in. long, slightly stellate-pubescent below. Flowers solitary; +calyx ⅓ in. long. + +Kordofan Prov. (Darfur boundary on J. Sinin). + + +=G. villosa= _Willd._ TAMR EL ABID & TUKKU (Kordn.), ABU KHALAFOF & +GEREIGDAN (Goz el Siada), MUTRAK (Baggara)—Arab; EIGERA (Dilling), LUĪ +(J. Eliri) & TUMBU (Kadugli)—Nuba; ANTAMANA-WANSHU—Hameg; ATENDIT +(Renk), GUNKEIT & LUBLUB (Goz el Siada)—Dinka; DILMAN & KELAIIN—Burun. + +Large shrub with cordate nearly orbicular leaves, 1-4 in. in diameter. +Flowers dull-yellow, in compact axillary clusters. Fruit globose, with a +brown, stellate hairy rind, edible. + +Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. +(Kulme); Nuba Mts. Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Goz El Siada); +Mongalla Prov.; Red Sea Prov. (Has Has). + +Used for spear shafts (Aylmer). + + +=G. sp. (Glomeratæ)= No. 1168 _S.G.H._ TOMUT—Hadendowa. + +Shrub, covered with short, stellate hairs. Leaves ovate-rounded, 1½ in. +long, 1¼ in. broad, serrate. Flowers clustered. Buds ¼ in. long, +tomentose. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit). + + +200 =Triumfetta lepidota= _K. Schum._ + +Erect shrub, 4 ft. high. Leaves suborbicular to oblanceolate, +subtrilobed, up to 6 in. wide. Cymes 2-4 to each node. Sepals scaly +outside, ¾ in. long. Fruit woody, globose, 8-10 celled, strongly +tuberculate. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the River Lehsi). + + +=T. micrantha= _K. Schum._ + +Leaves lanceolate-oblong, 2½-3 in. long, ½-¾ in. broad, serrulate, +tomentose or pubescent below. Sepals stellate-pubescent outside. Fruit +with densely pilose prickles, the latter with 2-8 terminal spinules. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Sabbi). + + +=T. buettneriacea= _K. Schum._ + +Leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 2-3 in. long, ⅓-1¼ in. broad, +sparingly pilose on both surfaces. Sepals stellate-pubescent outside. +Fruit with glabrescent prickles, much broadened at the base, terminated +by 1-4 spinules. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Jur Ghattas, & Bongoland: Gurfala). + + +=T. flavescens= _Hochst._ DERBAKE—Hadendowa. + +Shrubby; stem pilose, black-dotted. Lower leaves stalked; blades +roundish, truncate or cordate, acute, irregularly toothed. Flowers +yellowish, numerous, in small clusters along the sides and ends of +branches. Capsule small, covered with grey down and small, hooked +prickles. + +Red Sea Prov. (in several places). + + +=T. rhomboidea= _Jacq._ ALLOSEG, ALLUSEIG or LUSEIG—Arab. + +Herb with variable, irregularly serrate leaves and small globose fruit +covered with prickles, downy. Flowers yellow, small, in spicate +inflorescence. + +Fung Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla, +etc.); Red Sea Prov. (Karora). + +Yields a soft, glossy fibre. The mucilage is used as an injection in +venereal diseases. + + +=T. annua= _Linn._ + +Erect, somewhat pilose, annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves ovate, acuminate, +dentate, 3-nerved, on very long stalks. Fruit size of a pea, smooth +between the glaucous hooked prickles. + +Darfur Prov. (Zalingei). + + +=T. pentandra= _Guill._ & _Perr._ + +Erect, slightly downy herb. Leaves subcordate, slightly 3-5 lobed or +roundish-acuminate. Flowers minute, in lateral cymes. Stamens 5-8. Fruit +oblong, about ¼ in. long, hairy on the edges of the appressed prickles. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=T. tomentosa= _Bojer._ + +Softly hairy perennial or shrub; fruit globose, covered with straight, +black spines. Leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, slightly cordate, +passing gradually into bracts. Flowers small, yellow, numerous in +terminal panicles. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +201 =Honckenya ficifolia= _Willd._ + +Handsome-flowered shrub, with purplish branches. Leaves rather variable, +usually more or less deeply 3-7 lobed. Flowers large, violet, in +terminal racemose cymes. Capsules 1-2 in., 4-valved. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the River Yubbo). + +A valuable fibre plant. + + +202 =Corchorus tridens= _Linn._ + +Annual 1-2 ft.; leaves oblong-linear, coarsely crenate-serrate, the two +lowest teeth often prolonged into filiform tails; capsule terminating in +3 spreading or reflexed points. + +Between Suakin & Berber; Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov. +(J. Arashkol); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=C. acutangulus= _Lam._ + +Annual; leaves oval or ovate, crenate-serrate, the two lowest teeth +often prolonged into filiform tails; fruit 3-winged. + +Kordofan Prov. (J. Kon); Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); Bahr +El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir). + + +=C. olitorius= _Linn._ MOLOKHIA or MULUKHIA—Arab; MORAMBIDA—Zande. + +Annual; leaves ovate-lanceolate, the two lowest serrations produced into +fine tails; capsule linear, with a long beak, altogether 1-3 in. long. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Between Khartoum & Berber (El Mesherif); Fung +Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Mongalla Prov. +(Mongalla). + +Cultivated and wild. It is used as a vegetable, the fibre is inferior to +that of the true jute. The plant is also used in native medicine. + + +=C. Antichorus= _Ræuschel._ SUTEIH (Atbara) & UM SHITEIH (N. +Kordn.)—Arab. + +Prostrate or decumbent perennial. Leaves small, roundish, plicate- +crenate, palmately 3-nerved. Flowers solitary or in pairs. Capsule 1-1½ +in. long, slender, beaked at apex, 4-valved. + +Nubia; North Sudan; Berber Prov. (Atbara); Khartoum Prov. (Khartoum); +Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov. + +The plant is used as a demulcent. + + +=C. fascicularis= _DC._ + +Procumbent annual; leaves short-stalked, oblong or lanceolate, 1-2 in. +long, 3-nerved. Capsule about ¾ in. long, cylindrical, short-beaked. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Bunzaga); White Nile Prov. (J. +Arashkol); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land, Gir). + + +=C. trilocularis= _Linn._ + +Annual, erect or decumbent. Leaves 1-3 in. long, elliptic to oblong- +lanceolate. Pedicels short, 2-3 flowered; petals bright yellow. Capsules +2-3 in. long, 3-4 angled; beak short and straight. + +White Nile Prov. + + +203 =Glyphæa grewioides= _Hook. f._ + +Slightly pilose shrub, 8-12 ft. high. Leaves ovate or oblong, +subcordate, 3-nerved. Flowers bright-yellow, in terminal cymes. Fruit +oblong or fusiform, indehiscent, 1-2 in. long. Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + + =STERCULIACEÆ.= + + +204 =Melhania ferruginea= _A. Rich._ + +Woolly herb or undershrub. Leaves longer than the stalks, subcordate +oval-oblong, velvety, palmately 3-5 nerved. Epicalyx of 3 broadly-ovate, +unilateral segments. Petals convolute, persistent. Capsule pointed; +seeds 10 in each cell. + +Mongalla Prov. (Sheikh Tombé). + + +=M. Denhamii= _R. Br._ DUBAGHA (N. Kordn.)—Arab. + +Undershrub with a false likeness to _Senra incana_. Leaves as long as +leaf-stalks, about 1 in. long, ovate-oblong, velvety. Flowers on +axillary peduncles, red. Capsules subglobose, 5-celled, with 1-2 seeds +in each cell. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat.); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. + + +205 =Dombeya multiflora= _Planch._ + +Shrub. Leaf blades equal to stalks, 1-2 in. long, cordate-roundish or +oblong, palmately 5-7 nerved. Inflorescence appearing before the leaves, +in stalked axillary cymes. Styled deeply 5-cleft. + +Fung & White Nile Provinces. + + +=D. multiflora= _Pl._ =var. (a) vestita= _Schum._ GREGDAN +(Baggara)—Arab; KINDAMOI (J. Eliri)—Nuba; DERDER—Hameg; POPWA, PURPUR +and METEMBOA—Zande. + +Shrub or small tree, with palmate leaves and white flowers, which turn +pink after being fertilized, the corolla persisting. + +Fung Prov.; South Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (J. Marra N.W. slopes +6,500 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + + +206 =Melochia corchorifolia= _Linn._ + +Erect herb or undershrub. Stem with a line of somewhat stellate hairs +down one side. Leaves variable in size, oblong-ovate to ovate, rounded +at base, serrate. Flowers pink, in terminal clusters, pentamerous. +Capsules 5-valved, 1 seed to each. + +Kordofan Prov. (Rahad); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Upper White Nile +Prov. (Banks of the White Nile); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé). + +Kordofan Prov. + +=var. densiflora= _K. Schum._ + +The root-bark is chewed in Kordofan Prov. as a salve for sore lips. The +stem yields a fibre, and the leaves are eaten. + + +207 =Waltheria americana= _Linn._ ERG EL NĀL (Kordn.)—Arab. + +Villose undershrub or tall woody herb; leaves plicate; flowers yellow, +in dense sessile axillary fascicles. Sepals 5, connate below; petals 5; +ovary 1-celled; ovules 2. Capsule small, enclosed in calyx, membranous, +1-seeded. + +Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Kulme); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur +Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla). + + +208 =Hermannia modesta= _Planch._ + +Low growing annual, covered with glandular hairs. Leaves subsessile, +linear-oblong, obtuse up to 1½ in. long. Flowers in axillary peduncles. +Filaments dilated above; styles 5. + +Red Sea Prov. (coast); Kordofan Prov. (Abu Gerad). + + +=H. tigrensis= _Hochst._ + +Erect, stellate hairy annual, about 1 ft. high. Leaves subsessile, +elliptic-oblong, acute; stipules falcate. Flowers solitary on solitary +axillary peduncles; filaments petaloid. + +Kordofan Prov. (El Obeid). + + +209 =Leptonychia chrysocarpa= _K. Schum._ + +Small tree. Leaves oblong-elliptic, obtusely long-acuminate, glabrous, +about 6 in. long and 2½ in. broad, entire. Flowers not seen. Fruits +axillary, about 3-4 together, depressed globose, stellate-tomentellous, +¾ in. in diameter. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Linduku). + +Wood carved for ornaments. + + +210 =Sterculia tomentosa= _Guill._ & _Perr._ UMTELEIH (Baggara)—Arab; +KULOWI (J. Eliri); HEIMOR (J. Heiban); FEIDER (Rashad-Talodi); BOKARAK +(Kadugli)—Nuba; DA or KANDI—Golo; M’BURU—Zande. + +Fairly large tree. Leaves palmate, large. Flowers small, in drooping +panicles; petals none. Capsule large, hairy, 3-4 valved. Seeds numerous, +brown, with small orange aril. + +White Nile Prov. (Jebelein); South Kordofan Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr +El Ghazal Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Bor). + +Wood white or pale pink, soft, light, perishable. The seeds yield a dark +orange-red coloured oil. A fibre is obtained from the bast, and a clear +gum exuding from wounds in the bark, partly soluble in water, is used in +Europe for dyeing silk fabrics. + + +=S. cinerea= _A. Rich._ TARTAR—Arab; OMFA—Hameg. + +Large tree with palmate leaves and scaly bark. Flowers numerous in much- +branched axillary panicles. Fruit of 3-5 sessile, reflexed follicles +which are downy outside and bristly within. Seeds numerous, black, with +yellow aril. + +Fung and Kordofan Provinces. + +Wood of poor quality. A gum, similar in quality to that of the +foregoing, exudes from the bark. Strips from the young plants are used +as cordage. + + +211 =Cola cordifolia= _R. Br._ KUKUROKU—Zande. + +Large tree, 120 ft. Leaves very large, widely rotundate-cordate, entire +or slightly lobulate, up to 1 ft. broad, softly stellate-pubescent +below, strongly 7-nerved at the base. Cymes fulvous-tomentose. Fruits +velvety-tomentose, with large red seeds. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Yei River). + +According to Wood in his Report on the Bahr El Ghazal forests, 1922, +“this tree is confined to the Southern Bahr El Ghazal, where it is +fairly common on banks of streams in the evergreen zone. A very lofty +tree, up to 120 ft., with straight stem and large, dense crown. Does not +lose its leaves. Bark brown, not very rough; wood white, soft, +perishable. Most of the large trees (10 ft. girth) are hollow in the +centre.” + + + =BOMBACACEÆ.= + + +212 =Adansonia digitata= _Linn._ TEBELDI, HOMEIRA, HUMR (Dongola)—Arab; +HUMAR—Hadendowa; FAK (J. Daier), TUBERLI (Dilling), KISHAWIYI (J. +Eliri), MANSALLO (Kadugli), ORA (Tagele)—Nuba; UFFA—Hameg; +DUNGWOL—Dinka; KUSHA—Nuer; GAG—Shilluk; BUL—Burun. The Baobab Tree. + +A large tree, often of great girth; bark whitish, shining. Leaves +digitately 5-7 fol. Flowers 2-3 in. across, white. Fruit 8-10 in. long, +ovoid, filled with fibres and acid mealy pulp, in which the seeds are +embedded. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Dongola Prov. (Wadi El Murakh); Fung Prov.; +Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Hillet El Shilluk); Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (North). + +The hollow trunk is used for a reservoir for the storage of rain water, +and in some places as a burial place for dead. The bark yields a strong +fibre used for ropes, baskets, etc. The fruit, called GONGOLEIS by +Arabs, contains a subacid pulp which makes a pleasant drink with water, +and is used as a cooling medicine. + + +213 =Ceiba pentandra= _Gaertn._ _Eriodendron anfractuosum_ DC. Kapok or +Silk Cotton Tree. + +Introduced. + +Tree; young bark covered with conical prickles. Leaves digitately 8-15 +foliolate. Flowers white, 2-8 together in axillary clusters. Capsule 3-4 +in. long, densely lined with long silky hairs. + +Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Kordofan +Prov. (Bara); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. + +The floss surrounding the seed is used for stuffing cushions, lifebelts, +etc. + + + =MALVACEÆ.= + + +214 =Malva parviflora= _Linn._ KHUBBEIZA—Arab. + +Herb; stem trailing. Leaves cordate, orbicular, slightly 3-5 lobed, +crenate-dentate. Flowers purplish, in axillary, few-flowered clusters. +Stamens monadelphous, anthers to top of column; stigmas linear. + +Cultivated in most parts. + +Cooked as a pot-herb, also used medicinally to allay irritation both +externally and internally. + + +=M. verticillata= _Linn._ + +Erect herb, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves cordate, roundish, 5-lobed. Flowers +purplish, in dense axillary or terminal clusters. Carpels 10-12 in a +whorl, enclosed in accrescent calyx. + +Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Kulme). + + +215 =Malvastrum spicatum= _A. Gray._ + +Erect, branching herb, 1-2 ft. high, stellately tomentose. Leaves ovate, +crenate-serrate, sometimes lobed. Bracts of epicalyx shorter than calyx. +Flowers small, yellow, in a dense terminal, leafy spike; stigmas +capitate. + +Fung Prov. + + +=M. tricuspidatum= _A. Gray._ + +Erect herb, 2-3 ft. high, with adpressed, simple hairs. Leaves long- +stalked, ovate-lanceolate, toothed, hairy. Flowers yellow, subsessile in +axillary and terminal clusters. Carpels 8-12, each 3-pointed. + +Fung Prov. + + +216 =Sida urens= _Linn._ + +Erect, hirsute perennial. Leaves cordate, ovate-serrate. Flowers usually +in dense axillary clusters; epicalyx 0; carpels 5, awnless or with short +beaks. + +White Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Ghabat El Arab; +Bongo-land: Gir). + + +=S. humilis= _Cav._ + +Perennial; branches long, prostrate, rooting at the nodes. Flowers pale +yellow, under ½ in. diameter. Leaves broad-ovate, cordate, variable in +size. Ripe carpels 5, separating from the axis, pointed. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: near Khor Mulmul). + + +=S. spinosa= _Linn._ + +Annual or perennial, much branched, often with small, recurved prickles +at the nodes below the petioles. Leaves oval to oblong, crenate-serrate. +Flowers white, ½ in. in diameter. Ripe carpels 5, with 2 long, rough +beaks. + +Nubia; Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Between Khartoum & Berber; White Nile +Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Kulme). + +The leaves are demulcent, the root is a tonic and is used in some cases +of cattle disease. + + +=S. cordifolia= _Linn._ + +Erect, much branched, semi-shrubby, with silky hair; leaves densely +velvety, ovate, cordate; flowers yellow; ripe carpels 10, wrinkled, with +2 straight beaks. + +Nubia; Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Mongalla +Prov. + +The root and seeds are used in native medicines. + + +=S. rhombifolia= _Linn._ + +Shrubby; branches rough with stellate hair. Leaves rhomboid-lanceolate, +dentate-serrate above, stellate hairy on under-surface. Flowers yellow; +ripe carpels 9-10, beaked or not beaked. + +White Nile Prov.; Mongalla Prov.; Darfur Prov. (shady places). + +Roots used for rheumatism. Yields an excellent fibre. + + +=S. grewioides= _Guill._ & _Perr._ + +Shrubby plant. Leaves oblong or roundish, cordate, crenate, downy on +both surfaces. Flowers small, yellow, axillary, solitary or in pairs; +carpels 7-8, indehiscent, beakless or beaked; beaks inflexed. + +Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. +(River Sobat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé); Mongalla Prov.; Darfur +Prov. + + +=S. Schweinfurthii= _E. G. Baker._ + +Leaves shortly petiolate, broadly ovate, coarsely and double serrate, +cordate, about 4½ in. long and 3 in. broad, shortly stellate-pubescent +on both surfaces. Flowers numerous in lax, very slender panicles; +pedicels filiform. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: near Mongbo-longbo stream). + + +217 =Wissadula rostrata= _Planch._ + +Tall, shrubby plant. Leaves cordate. Flowers small, yellow, paniculate; +carpels 5, beaked. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; +Darfur Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. + +Yields a good fibre. + + +218 =Abutilon angulatum= _Mast._ AMBORU, UMBARU or UMBORU—Arab; BUTNIEID +(Dilling)—Nuba. + +Tall, woody herb, up to 8 ft. high. Leaves long-stalked, roundish, +cordate, 5-7 nerved, pale on under-surface. Flowers yellow, on loose +terminal panicle. Fruit globose, depressed; carpels about 20, obtuse, +reniform, 1-seeded. + +Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. +(Meshra El Zeraf); Nuba Mountains Prov. (Dilling); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Wau); Mongalla Prov. + + +=A. graveolens= _Wight_ & _Arnott._ MAKHSHASH EL RIGAL (Baggara)—Arab; +DOEIRI (Dilling)—Nuba. + +Downy, bushy herb; calyx large, densely pubescent; corolla yellow, +sometimes turning pink on withering. Leaves ovate, cordate, somewhat +dentate, pubescent, pale beneath. Carpels 20 or more, 3-seeded. + +Khartoum to Berber; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Nuba +Mountains Prov.; Red Sea Prov. + +The leaves and root are used in medicine; the stems yield a fibre. + + +=A. glaucum= _Webb._ HANBŪK & UMBUR—Arab. The fruit GARGADAN. + +Downy undershrub. Corolla yellow, with purple centre. Leaves cordate, +7-9 nerved, irregular dentate, as long as the stalk. Carpels 20 or more, +2-3 seeded. + +Red Sea Prov.; Berber Prov.; Kassala Prov.; Khartoum Prov. & South. + + +=A. fruticosum= _Guill._ & _Perr._ + +Densely white-downy, much branched, rigid perennial. Leaves small, +short-stalked, cordate, denticulate. Peduncles axillary, 1-3 flowered. +Carpels 10, persistent, 2-3 seeded. + +Red Sea Prov.; Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan +Prov.; Darfur Prov. + + +=A. ramosum= _Guill._ & _Perr._ + +Erect branching, hairy perennial. Leaves cordate, sometimes 3-lobed, 5-7 +nerved, long-stalked. Peduncles axillary and terminal, shorter than +leaf-stalks; flowers white or yellow. Carpels 8-10, long 2-awned. + +Fung & Kordofan Provinces. + + +=A. bidentatum= _Hochst._ + +Erect undershrub with downy branches. Leaves short-stalked, cordate- +ovate, denticulate, pilose. Flowers in small axillary panicles. Fruit +subglobose; carpels 16-20, each with 2 teeth; seeds 3 in each carpel. + +Red Sea, Fung & Kordofan Provinces. + + +=A. hirtum= _Don._ + +Erect, downy perennial. Leaves long-stalked, ovate-cordate, serrate 6-7 +nerved. Peduncles axillary or terminal, 1 or more flowered. Petals +large, bright orange, hairy at base. Fruit truncate; carpels 12 or more, +short bidentate; seeds 3. + +Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Kodok). + + +219 =Malachra radiata= _Linn._ + +Tall, hispid herb; flowers small, pink, in dense heads with distinct +bractlets and surrounded by a general involucre. + +Fruit turbinate; carpels 5. Leaves short-stalked, palmately 5-7 lobed. + +Upper White Nile Prov. (mouth of Bahr El Zeraf); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River). + + +220 =Urena lobata= _Linn._ KĀRI (J. Eliri)—Nuba. + +Tall herb, erect, branched, covered with stellate hairs. Leaves +shallowly 5-lobed; flowers pink. Ripe carpels 5, densely stellate hairy +and covered with spines deflexed at the ends. + +Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov.; South Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Ghabat El Arab & Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. + +The bark yields a fibre of good quality, suitable for bags, twine, etc. + + +221 =Pavonia hirsuta= _Guill._ & _Perr._ UMBERRU (N. Kordn.)—Arab. + +Downy perennial or undershrub; branches or stems procumbent, up to 5-6 +ft. long. Leaves scabrous above, cordate, suborbicular or obscurely +3-lobed. Flowers yellow, with purple centres, on solitary stalks in +axils of upper leaves. Styles 10; carpels 10, covered with reflexed +bristles. White Nile, Kordofan & Darfur Provinces. + + +=P. glechomæfolia= _A. Rich._ KULAM & KUNUTAL (Blue Nile)—Arab. + +Rigid herb with slender hirsute branches. Leaves ovate, cordate, +slightly 3-lobed, crenate-serrate. Flowers yellow, about 1 in. across, +with 5 free, oval bracteoles. Ripe carpels 5, without beak. + +Blue Nile Prov. (Abu Haraz); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur (Kulme); Red Sea +Prov. (Has Has). + + +=P. triloba= _Hochst._ + +Erect, bushy herb; stems long-pilose. Leaves more or less trilobed, +about 1¼ in. long, with two types of stellate hairs below. Epicalyx +persistent, of several linear bracts. + +White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan & Darfur Provinces. + + +=P. arabica= _Hochst._ + +Erect tomentose perennial. Leaves as long as stalks, oblong, subcordate. +Peduncles solitary, axillary; epicalyx of 10-20 linear, villose bracts, +arching over the ripe fruit. Corolla pink, longer than calyx. Fruit +subglobose, size of a pea. + +Red Sea Prov.; 21° N. Lat.; Darfur Prov. + + +=P. Kotschyi= _Hochst._ + +Densely villose, low growing, woody perennial. Leaves oblong-ovate, +obtuse, coarsely serrate, 3-5 nerved. Epicalyx of 10 linear bracts. +Peduncles axillary, solitary, 1-flowered. Corolla yellow, about 1 in. +across. Carpels 5, each with 2 large wings. + +Fung & Kordofan Provinces. + + +=P. zeylanica= _Cav._ + +Leaves digitately divided almost to the base, lobes 3-5, oblanceolate, 1 +in. long, densely tomentose below with stellate hairs; flowers solitary, +on long pedicels; epicalyx of 10 linear bracts; fruits slightly winged. + +Red Sea Prov. (Karora). + + +=P. macrophylla= _E. Mey._ + +Tall pilose herb or undershrub. Leaves long-stalked, oval, cordate- +acuminate, or 3-lobed, crenate-serrate. Peduncles axillary, 1-flowered. +Epicalyx of usually 5 foliaceous segments; petals pink; styles 8-10; +carpels 5, obovate. + +White Nile Prov. + + +222 =Kosteletzkya adoensis= _Hochst._ + +Large herb or undershrub. A line of hairs along one side of the stem +shifts to the other side at each successive joint. Leaves long-stalked, +roundish-cordate, acuminate, 3-nerved, sometimes 3-pointed, hispid. +Epicalyx of 7-10 linear-lanceolate bractlets. Corolla yellow. Carpels 5; +seeds flat. + +Fung Prov. + + +=K. flava= _Bak. f._ (_K. Buettneri_ Gürke). + +Leaves linear to linear-lanceolate, up to 5 in. long and ½ in. broad, +the lower often hastate at the base, serrulate, scabrid. Flowers +solitary, axillary. Epicalyx of 7-10 linear bracts a little shorter than +the calyx. Fruits depressed, pentagonal, bristly. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +=K. Chevalieri= _Hochr._ + +Erect herb with rod-like stems, about 4 ft. high, densely strigose- +hispid. Leaves suborbicular, widely cordate at the base, slightly +3-lobed, about 2 cm. diameter, softly stellate-pilose. Flowers in dense +terminal spikes. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land; Bongo-land; Kulongo). + + +223 =Senra incana= _Cav._ + +Soft, downy undershrub; corolla deep purple. Epicalyx of 3 cordate +palmi-nerved leaflets. Capsule 5-valved, ovoid; seed 3-pilose. Leaves +palmately 3-5 lobed. + +Fung & White Nile Provinces. + + +224 =Hibiscus Trionum= _Linn._ + +Much branched, hispid annual. Flower yellow, with a purple centre; calyx +persistent, ventricose, accrescent. Epicalyx 7-12 linear segments. +Leaves long-stalked, usually deeply palmately 3-5 lobed. + +Red Sea Prov. (Suakin & Soturba); Khartoum Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. +Arashkol). + + +=H. dictyocarpus= _Webb._ + +Stem woody, erect, hairy. Leaves long-stalked, 3-5 lobed, central lobe +longest. Epicalyx of 10-12 linear, spathulate bracts. Peduncles +solitary, axillary. Corolla yellow, with purple centre. Styles 5. Fruit +roundish, 5-winged. + +White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol). + + +=H. vitifolius= _Linn._ + +Tall, much-branched perennial. Flowers bright yellow, with a purple +centre; bracteoles 5-8. Leaves palmate, 3-5 lobed, serrate. Capsules +5-winged. Epicalyx of 8-12 linear bracts. + +Red Sea Prov.; Fung Prov. (Saoleil). + + +=H. obtusilobus= _Gärcke._ + +Herb, 18 in. high. Leaves longer than stalks, cordate, 3-5 lobed, +central longest. Epicalyx of 6-9 linear-oblong bracts, shorter than +calyx; calyx segments 1-nerved. Capsule covered with forked bristles. + +White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol). + + +=H. diversifolius= _Jacq._ + +Tall, prickly herb. Flowers large, yellow, with red-purple centre; +bracteoles 5-8. Leaves palmate, 3-5 lobed, long-stalked. Capsule +pointed, hispid, ultimately smooth. Epicalyx of numerous subulate +segments. + +Bahr El Jebel (Sudd). + + +=H. corymbosus= _Hochst._ + +Erect, stellate-tomentose perennial, 2-3 ft. high. Lower leaves deeply +3-lobed, upper simple, oblong-lanceolate. Flowers yellow, crowded, +corymbose. Epicalyx of 8-10 linear segments. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: near Dogguru, & Niamniam-land: Gumba & +Bendo). + + +=H. physaloides= _Guill._ & _Perr._ + +Herb with somewhat irritant hairs. Flowers solitary, pale yellow, with +maroon centre, or purple. Leaves variable, long-stalked. Epicalyx of +about 10 filiform segments, shorter than calyx. Capsule ovoid, beaked, +hispid. + +Fung Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land, Shambé); Mongalla Prov. +(Gondokoro); Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + + +=H. intermedius= _A. Rich._ + +A weak herb with deeply 3-5 lobed glandular leaves, pilose on the +nerves, with weak hairs; flowers axillary, solitary, pale-yellow with +purple centre; pedicels ⅓ in. long. Epicalyx of 10 linear bracts; +capsule pubescent. + +Red Sea Prov. (Has Has); Bahr el Jebel (Sheikh Tombé). + + +=H. rhabdotospermus= _Gärcke._ + +Woody herb, downy or villose. Leaves cordate, ovate, palmately 5-7 +nerved. Epicalyx of 15-20 linear segments; corolla yellow, 1 in. across. +Capsule ovate, woody. + +White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol). + + +=H. articulatus= _Hochst._ + +Herb with yellow flowers, up to 2 in. diameter. Leaves short-stalked, +rough, upper ones palmately 3-5-partite, lower ones roundish. Epicalyx +of 8-10 strap-shaped segments. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat mouth); +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (between Wau & Deim Zubeir); Mongalla Prov. +(Mongalla). + + +=H. surattensis= _Linn._ + +Scrambling, prickly herb, with solitary, showy pale-yellow flowers with +a purple centre, 2-4 in. across. Epicalyx of 10-12 linear-spathulate +segments. Leaves palmately 3-5 lobed, secondary nerves distinct. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Nabambisso River). + + +=H. lunariifolius= _Willd._ SHALIGA (Kordn.) & MIMLIGADA (Fung)—Arab. + +Tall herb, with showy yellow flowers, with dark centre; bracteoles 5-7, +linear, as long as sepals. Leaves ovate, cordate, generally 3-5 lobed, +coarsely serrate dentate, densely tomentose with stiff stellate hairs. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Upper Nile Prov. +(Renk). + +Yields a good fibre. + + +=H. rostellatus= _Guill._ & _Perr._ + +Prickly and hairy herb. Leaves cordate, angular, palmately 5-lobed. +Epicalyx of 10 linear segments, much shorter than calyx and each +provided at apex with a spoon-shaped appendix. Flowers pink, rather +large. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Nabambisso River). + + +=H. calycinus= _Willd._ + +Undershrub. Leaves downy to subglabrous, obtusely 3-5 angled. Flowers +solitary, large, yellow, with purple centre. Epicalyx of 5 broadly +spathulate, acute bracts, equal to the 5-nerved segments of calyx. + +Fung & White Nile Provinces. + + +=H. panduriformis= _Burm._ BUTNIEID (Dilling)—Nuba. + +Bushy herb, up to 6 ft. high and covered with bristly hairs. Leaves +ovate, often somewhat 3-lobed, cordate, tomentose. Flowers yellow with +purple centre; bracteoles 7-10, connate below, spathulate-linear. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli, Wad El Abbas, & Jongol’s +Post); Nuba Mountains Prov. (Dilling); Mongalla Prov. (Bari country); +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Ghabat El Arab); Darfur Prov. (Kulme). + + +=H. Grantii= _Mast._ + +Erect, villous undershrub. Leaves very short-stalked, sub-cordate, +somewhat wedge-shaped at base and slightly 3-lobed at apex. Flowers +numerous, in terminal leafy panicles. Epicalyx of 12 linear bracts; +petals pink. + +Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + + +=H. Sabdariffa= _Linn._ KARKADE, KIRKEN or JO (Darfur)—Arab; KOKORO +(Kadugli)—Nuba; LAKBUR—Bari; TED (Ghabat El Arab)—Nuer; NOMBA—Zande. + +Erect annual or perennial. The cultivated plant usually takes a deep red +colour. Capsule ovoid, pointed. Leaves entire or with shallow lobes. + +Generally cultivated, but occurs wild in Southern Sudan. The fleshy +calyx is subacid and is used to prepare a refreshing drink. The plant +yields a strong, silky fibre; it is known as Rozelle or Red Sorrel in +the West Indies. + + +=H. cannabinus= _Linn._ TIL—Arab; N’ZEEBEE—Zande. + +Tall herb; all parts hairy. Flowers yellow with maroon centre. Leaves +deeply 5-7 lobed. Epicalyx of 5-7 segments. Capsule pointed. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile; Upper +White Nile, Kordofan; Bahr El Ghazal & Mongalla Provinces. + +Two varieties are in cultivation, both are used for the fibre which is +made into Sagia ropes. The seeds yield an oil; the leaves possess +aperient properties. + + +=H. micranthus= _Linn._ GHUBEISH (N. Kordn.)—Arab. Undershrub with +spreading branches and stellate pubescence. Leaves 3-nerved, wedge- +shaped at base, about 1 in. long. Flowers ½ in. long, pink. Epicalyx of +7-8 linear segments. Seeds numerous, cottony. + +Red Sea Prov.; White Nile Prov. (El Dueim); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. +(J. Sungur); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla). + + +=H. micranthus= _Linn._, =var.= ABUTKULA—Hadendowa. + +Procumbent herb, with white flowers, turning pink after fertilisation. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Darfur Prov. + + +=H. ternatus= _Mast._ + +Erect branching herb. Leaves palmately 3-lobed, upper leaves more deeply +cut. Epicalyx none; calyx lobes 3-nerved; corolla yellow, under 1 in. +long. Capsule pointed, hairy. White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Mongalla +Prov. (Sh. Tombé). + + +=H. Solandra= _L’Herit._ + +Tall, woody herb, not unlike _Wissadula rostrata_ in general appearance. +Leaves ovate to more or less deeply 3-lobed, cordate, dentate-serrate. +Flowers pink, ½ in. across, in few-flowered terminal raceme; bracteoles +none. + +Blue Nile Prov. (Geneib Assad). + + +=H. sudanensis= _Hochst._ + +Woody, with prickly stems. Leaves triangular, truncate at base, up to 6 +in. long, dentate, glabrous above, glabrescent or pubescent below. +Flowers axillary, solitary or 2-3. Bracteoles 10, linear. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. + + +=H. esculentus= _Linn._ BAMIA & WEIKAH—Arab; KWEINDE (Dilling)—Nuba; +KARAN—Hameg; FOMAH (Renk)—Dinka; BARA (Ghabat El Arab)—Nuer. + +Tall, erect, woody herb. Leaves long-stalked, palmately 5-lobed. Corolla +large, yellow, with purple centre. Capsule 4-6 in. long. + +Cultivated. The young pods are used as a vegetable, the stem yields a +good fibre. + + +225 =Cienfuegosia digitata= _Cav._ GUTUB & GID EL GUTN (N. Kordn.), +MĀNAGIGA (Meshra El Zeraf) and GUTN EL KHAL—Arab. + +Hairy herb or undershrub, somewhat like a small cotton plant. Leaves +5-lobed; ovary black punctate. + +Kordofan Prov. (Fertangul & North Kordofan); Upper White Nile Prov. +(Meshra El Zeraf). + + +226 =Thespesia near Garckeana= _F. Hoffm._ NAJIKAR (J. Daier)—Nuba. + +Small tree. Leaves palmate, 3½ in. broad, stellate-pubescent below. +Capsule the size of a chestnut, seeds hairy, said to be edible. + +Nuba Mountains Prov. (J. Daier). + + +227 =Gossypium arboreum= _Linn._ =var. rosea= _Watt._ + +Cotton plant. + +Semi-cultivated in various parts of the country. + + +=G. Nanking var. Roji= _Watt._ + +White Nile Prov. + +=var. soudanensis= _Watt._ + +Semi-cultivated. + +=var. Brouniana= _Watt._ ALAS—Dinka. + +Mongalla Prov. (Kenissa). + +=var. Bani= _Watt._ + +Khartoum Prov. + + +=G. obtusifolium= _Roxb._ =var. africana= _Watt._ + +Red Sea Prov. (Suakin); White Nile, Kordofan & Darfur Provinces. + +=var. Wightiana= _Watt._ + +Darfur Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Bor). + + +=G. hirsutum= _Linn._ GUTN AMERICANI—Arab. + +Cultivated in northern provinces under irrigation and as a rain crop in +the south. + + +=G. peruvianum= _Cav._ + +Hybrids of this species are cultivated in the Central Sudan under the +name of Egyptian Cotton. + + +=G. cf. G. mexicanum= _Tod._ + +Two varieties with yellow and red flowers, respectively, are found among +native cultivation in the Fung Province. + + +=G. purpurascens= _Poir._ GUTN ARABI, GUTN MUMTAZ—Arab. + +Found semi-cultivated in various parts of the country. + + +=G. herbaceum= _Linn._ + +Darfur Prov. (cultivated). + + +=G. brasiliense= _Macf._ ROKO—Zande. Kidney Cotton. + +Stout, woody plant, up to 15 ft. high. Corolla, calyx, ovary and bracts +punctate. Seeds cohering; staple short. The cotton is called RAMU by the +Zande. + +Bahr El Ghazal & Mongalla Provinces. + + + =EUPHORBIACEÆ.= + + +228 =Synadenium Grantii= _Hook. f._ + +Shrub, 8-10 ft. high. Leaves alternate, thinly fleshy, oblanceolate or +obovate, 3-7 in. long. Cymes axillary, repeatedly forked. Invol. +2-sexual or male, ¼ in. diameter, saucer-shaped with a red entire, +spreading gland-rim, from the inner edge of which spring 5 inflexed, +fringe lobes, overtopping the rim. Inside the invol. the stamens (male +flowers) arranged in 5 groups, separated by membranous walls; ovary +(female flowers) when present, central, stalked, with a rudimentary +3-crenate rim as per., 3-lobed, as most common in this family; styles 3, +deeply bifid, recurved. + +Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + + +229 =Euphorbia convolvuloides= _Hochst._ + +Bushy herb, 6-20 in. high, tomentose. Leaves opposite, oblong or ovate- +lanceolate, ⅓-1½ in. long, acute, obliquely subcordate; stipules +subulate, free or connate. Flowering branchlets short, bearing clustered +white or tawny minute involucres; invol. differs from above by the rim- +gland which is not continuous but 4-lobed; gland-lobes entire or +crenulate. Capsules obtusely 3-angled, 1/12 in. diameter, tomentose, +separating into 3 lobes from the central axis, as in all this genus. + +Kordofan Prov. (J. Kon, Obeid). + + +=E. hirta= _Linn._ ABULEBBEN—Arab. + +Yellow hairy herb, 4-16 in. high, with milky juice as in all this genus. +Leaves opposite, obliquely lanceolate, or rhomboid-oblong, or ovate, ⅓-2 +in. long, serrulate. Cymes axillary globose or divided into 2-3 globose +heads; invol. crowded, minute, rim-glands 4, with minute dorsal +appendage. Capsules globose 3-angled, puberulous, minute. + +Khartoum Prov. + +The root is said to be given to allay vomiting. + + +=E. hypericifolia= _Linn._ MABLEBEN (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; GNIOR +(Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka. + +Herb, 3-18 in. high. Leaves opposite, from linear-oblong to ovate, ¼-1½ +in. long, usually denticulate. Cymes axillary, ⅙-½ in. diameter; few or +many-flowered. Invol. cup-shaped, minute, rim-glands minute, appendaged, +white; styles deeply bifid. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: around Matamma); Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov. +(Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Upper +White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); Bahr El Jebel; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land). + + +=E. scordifolia= _Jacq._ MALBEINA HAMRA & UMLEBEINA (Kordn.)—Arab. + +Bushy, woolly herb. Leaves opposite, oblong or oblong-elliptic, ¼-¾ in. +long, obtuse, obliquely subcordate, serrulate. Invol. usually crowded +along axillary, leafy branchlets. Flowers much as above. + +Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Erkowit, Soturba); Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile +Prov. (Turra); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. +(Meshra El Zeraf). + + +=E. granulata= _Forsk._ LIBBEYN or LIBBEIN—Arab. + +Hirsute prostrate weed. Leaves opposite, oblong or oblong-obovate, +oblique at base, under ½ in. long. Infl. in short, leafy axillary +racemes. Invol. campanulate, green, minute; rim-glands 4 or 3, +appendages 2-3 lobed. + +Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Suakin); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Berber Prov.; +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (Abu Gerad); Darfur Prov. + +=var. glabrata= _Boiss._ GONOIH (Halfa Prov.)—Arab. + +Leaves glabrous above, pubescent beneath. Rim-glands somewhat more +petaloid than in type. + +Wadi Halfa (Islands); Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat.); Kordofan Prov. + + +=E. polycnemoides= _Hochst._ + +Bushy herb, glabrous. Leaves opposite, usually minute, up to 1 in. long, +linear to linear-oblong, often falcate, mucronate, base unequal, sharply +denticulate. Invol. solitary, axillary spaced along branchlets, green or +purplish, minute; rim-glands 4, with or without a minute notched or +2-lobed appendage. Seeds 4-angled rugose. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma & Goz Regeb: J. Erimbat); Kordofan +Prov. (Obeid); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Dilling); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, Jur +Ghattas). + + +=E. ægyptiaca= _Boiss._ MALBEINA & UMLEBEINA (N. Kordn.)—Arab. + +Small prostrate herb. Leaves opposite, up to ½ in. long, oblong, unequal +at base, slightly toothed; stipules free usually. Infl. in short leafy +axillary racemes. Invol. minute campanulate, open down one side for +extrusion of capsules; rim-glands 4, appendages minute or obsolete. + +Nubia (deserts & between Suakin & Berber); Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° N. +Lat.); Dongola Prov. (Dongola to Merowe); Berber Prov. (Abu Hamad, banks +of the Nile & Mesherif); Khartoum Prov. (Khartoum & Wad Shellai); Blue +Nile Prov.; Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); +Kordofan Prov. + +Used in native medicine as a purgative. + + +=E. sanguinea= _Hochst._ & _Steud._ + +Prostrate weed. Leaves opposite, under ½ in. long, oblong or obliquely +elliptic, very oblique at base, rounded at apex, often with a red spot. +Infl. as above; invol. campanulate, minute; rim-glands 4, appendages +narrow, usually 2-3 lobed. + +Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° N. Lat.). + + +=E. prostrata= _Ait._ + +Small prostrate weed, puberulous on upper side. Leaves up to ⅓ in. long, +oblong to elliptic, more or less toothed, rounded at apex. Infl. as +above; invol. campanulate, minute; rim-glands 4, minute, with appendage +just exceeding the margin or obsolete. + +Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° N. Lat.). + + +=E. crotonoides= _Boiss._ + +Erect herb, 1-2 ft. high, with narrow wings decurrent from short, flat +petioles. Leaves alternate, except at forking of flowering branches, +linear to lanceolate, ¾-3 in. long, irregularly serrate. Flowering +branches raceme-like, 1½-8 in. long. Invol. sessile or subsessile, +solitary, woolly, pubescent; rim-glands 4, distinctly stalked, entire, +red or purple. Capsules with long, soft, spreading hairs. + +Kordofan Prov. (El Obeid); Kordofan Prov. + + +=E. bongensis= _Kotschy_ & _Peyr._ + +Bushy herb, up to 1 ft. high, with perennial rhizome. Leaves alternate, +linear, ½-1½ in. long. Invol. solitary, terminal, minute, subsessile; +rim-glands 4-5; 2-lipped or obliquely funnel-shaped. Capsules velvety. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur River, Kutshook Ali’s Zariba). + + +=E. arabica= _Hochst._ & _Steud._ + +Erect, glabrous annual. Leaves opposite, short petiolate, linear, ½-1 +in. long, straight or curved. Infl. on axillary peduncle-like branchlets +or on peduncles, up to ⅓ in. long, with 2-3 invol. and sometimes one in +axil at base; invol. minute; rim-glands 4, minute, appendages +inconspicuous or none. + +Red Sea Prov. (J. Waratab & 21° N. Lat.); Kassala Prov. (Goz Regeb). + + +=E. dracunculoides= _Lam._ + +Erect, glabrous annual, 3-12 in. high. Leaves opposite above, alternate +below, sessile linear or linear-lanceolate, ⅓-2 in. long. Invol. +solitary at forks or ends of branches, minute; rim-glands minute, +narrowly oblong or half-moon shaped, 2-horned. + +Red Sea Prov. (Soturba, Suakin 21° N. Lat.). + +It yields a clear oil, used as drying-oil and for burning. The fruit is +said to remove warts. + + +=E. acalyphoides= _Hochst._ + +Annual, 6-15 in. high. Leaves alternate, elliptic or elliptic-oblong, +¾-1¾ in. long; petals ¼-1¼ in. long. Peduncles axillary, shorter than +petals, bearing 1-3 sessile invol., which are minute; glands elliptic or +elliptic-oblong, pubescent. + +White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan & Darfur Provinces. + + +=E. macrophylla= _Pax._ + +Perennial, 18 in. high. Leaves alternate, 3-5 whorled at base of umbels; +stem-leaves obovate to elliptic, 3-6 in. long, whorl-leaves varying from +oblong to rhomboid or lanceolate. Umbels terminal, 3-5 rayed, compound +or simple by abortion, with 2-3 distant flowering nodes; invol. ⅓ in. +diameter; glands 5, ⅙ in. diameter, elliptic-oblong, shortly 2-lipped. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas). + + +=E. schimperiana= _Scheele._ + +Erect herb, ½-4 ft. high. Leaves alternate, or with a whorl of 3-5 under +the umbel, ¾-3½ in. long, linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, narrowed to +base, sessile, glabrous. Cymes terminal, 3 to many times forked, +sometimes terminating in a 3-5 rayed umbel; bracts opposite, sessile, +¼-1 in. long, triangular-ovate. Invol. solitary sessile or nearly so, +minute, cup-shaped; glands 4, minute, somewhat half-mooned shaped, +2-horned. + +Fung Prov. (Bunzaga). + + +=E. arguta= _Soland._ + +Herb, 3-15 in. high. Leaves alternate, sessile, lanceolate or +oblanceolate, serrate. Umbels 3-5 rayed, terminal or axillary near the +apex; rays up to 5 in. long, cymosely 2-4 times divided. Invol. +solitary, sessile, or nearly so, minute; glands 4, minute, transversely +oblong, entire. + +Nubia (Wadi Halfa). + + +=E. agowensis= _Hochst._ + +Undershrub, with herbaceous branches. Leaves alternate, with a whorl of +3 at base of umbel and opposite on its branches, elliptic-obtuse, ½-1¼ +in. long, denticulate. Umbels terminal, 3-branched, 1-3 times forked or +lateral and axillary, 1-10 in. long. Invol. in cymes of 3 at ends of +umbel branches, minute; glands 4, transversely oblong, minute. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli). + + +=E. cyparissioides= _Pax._ + +Bushy, glabrous herb, about 1 ft. high. From a perennial root stock. +Leaves alternate on stem and branches, whorled or opposed under the cyme +or umbel, sessile, linear, ⅓-1¼ in. long. Invol. solitary or in +subcapitate cymes, terminal, minute. Glands 5, rarely 7, minute, margins +straight or creniculate. Capsules much exserted. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit, Deim Gudju, Niamniam-land, at River +Ibba). + + +=E. cuneata= _Vahl._ + +Woody shrub, up to 10-12 ft. high; branches horizontal, often spine- +tipped, glabrous or at first puberulous. Leaves alternate, scattered +and, on short secundary branches, tufted, usually ⅓-1 in. long, linear- +cuneate to cuneate-spathulate. Cymes umbel-like, ⅓-⅔ in. long, axillary +or terminal, with 1 or 3-5 invols. with reduced leaves under cymes and +invols. Invol. 1/5-1/4 in. diameter, broadly cup-shaped; glands 5, +peltate, concave, elliptic or suborbicular, about 1/12 in. diameter. +Capsules erect, ¼ in. diameter, puberulous. + +Red Sea Prov. (J. Kuureb, J. Waratab, sea coast, 21° N. Lat., Karora). + + +=E. nubica= _N.E. Br._ JAGIA (J. Daier)—Nuba. + +Unarmed green, early-leafless shrub, up to 6 ft. high; branches +alternate, cylindrical; leaf-scars prominent. Leaves not seen. Umbels +terminal of 5-7 simple rays, about ½ in. long; bracts early deciduous, +oblong, acute, ½ in. long, whorled at base of umbel, and orbicular- +obovate, ⅙ in. long, paired below the invols. Invol. ¼ in. diameter, +shallowly cup-shaped; lobes scarcely toothed or ciliate, but sometimes +bifid; glands 4, transversely elliptic or orbicular. Capsules ¼ in. +diameter, much exserted. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat.); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Nuba Mts. Prov. +(J. Daier); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Duli Konga, 7,500 ft.). + + +=E. consobrina= _N.E. Br._ + +Shrub of habit much as above. Leaves soon deciduous, sessile, linear- +lanceolate, acute, ⅙-¼ in. long. Umbel of 3, or less, simple rays, up to +½ in. long, terminal, based by a whorl of leaves. Invol. solitary, about +⅙ in. diameter, shallowly cup-shaped, the 5 lobes subquadrate, +subentire, slightly ciliate; glands as above. Capsules slightly +exserted, curved to one side. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit, Wadi Teeke, between Suakin and Berber). + + +=E. scoparia= _N.E. Br._ KURKABAN & SHAGAR EL SIM (Baggara)?—Arab; +IMGEIL (Dilling)?—Nuba. + +Unarmed tree, 15-25 ft. high; branchlets alternate, abundant, green, +cylindrical, fleshy, ¼-½ in. thick, marked with leaf scars. Leaves +caducous, alternate, scattered below, clustered at ends of branchlets, +linear, sessile, about ½ in. long. Invols. in dense sessile clusters, +about ⅙ in. in diameter at tips of branches, cup-shaped, minute; lobes +5, ovate subciliate; glands 5, minute, transversely elliptic, entire. +Ovary erect on stout pedicel as long as invol. + +Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov. (Dakhila, south of Roseires); Nuba Mts. +Prov. (Dilling)? + + +=E. venenifica= _Trém._ SHAGAR EL SIM—Arab; RIS (Tagele)—Nuba; +JIANGO—Zande. + +Bushy shrub, up to 7 or 8 ft. high, with fleshy, cylindrical branches +armed with conical prickles. Leaves deciduous, 3-11 in. long, narrowly +lanceolate to oblong-cuneate, tapering into the short petiole. Cymes +solitary in axils of spine tubercles, ½-¾ in. long including the short +peduncle, once or twice forked, the branches bearing 3 invols.; central +invol. sessile, lateral short pedicellate, about 1/7 in. diameter, cup- +shaped, lobes 5, broadly cuneate, fringed at top, rim-glands 1/12 in. +diameter, transversely oblong. Capsules deeply 3-lobed, erect, about ⅓ +in. diameter. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur +Ghattas & Abu Gurun’s Zariba, Mittu: Dukutu, Niamniam-land); Mongalla +Prov. (Yei River). + +Used by natives for poisoning arrows. + + +=E. Teke= _Schweinfth._ + +Very large tree; young branches fleshy, 4-angled, about ½-¾ in. +diameter, armed with geminate, diverging stipular spines, about ⅙ in. +long, blackish. Leaves glabrous, elongated cuneate-obovate, 3-12 in. +long, tapering into the ⅓-1 in. long petioles. Cymes axillary, sessile, +of 2-4 peduncle-like branches, 1½-2½ in. long, each with 2, about ½ in. +long branches, each end ending in a solitary sessile invol.; bracts +under invol. nearly ¼ in. long, ovate, deciduous. Invol. under ½ in. +diameter, broadly cup-shaped; lobes 5, broadly cuneate, fringed; glands +5, transversely elliptic-oblong; ovary erect, glabrous. + +Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Yuru and Diagbe Rivers). + + +=E. triaculeata= _Forsk._ =var. triacantha= _N.E. Br._ + +Spiny, succulent, leafless bushy plant, 5-20 in. high; stems with +branches about ½ in. thick, usually 3-5 angled, angles often prominent, +with deep notches forming triangular teeth, each margined with a horny +shield bearing 1 straight needle-like spine up to 1 in. long and 2 small +prickles at its base. Cymes small, solitary in axils of teeth, with 3 +invols.; bracts scale-like. Invol. minute; lobes 5-6 transversely +rectangular, fringed; glands united into a 5-lobed spreading rim; ovary +not exserted. + +Red Sea Prov. (J. Waratab & Khor Seterra). + + +=E. monacantha= _Pax._ + +Succulent, much branched, very spiny, leafless plant, 4-8 in. high; +stems about ½ in. thick, with several spiral series of tubercles or +tuberculate angles, each tubercle bearing 1 spreading spine ⅓-¾ in. +long, with or without a pair of minute prickles at its base on a 3-lobed +horny shield. Leaves scale-like, deciduous. Invols. 3 together in axils +of the shields, sessile or nearly so, with a pair of oblong toothed +bracts, cup-shaped, about 6⅛ in. diameter, lobes 5, cuneate; glands +variable contiguous or separated; ovary sessile. + +Red Sea Province (Suakin). + + +=E. Thi= _Schweinfth._ ANKHAU—Hadendowa; DAMBOTIT—Rashida. + +Succulent, spiny, leafless bush, 2-4 ft. high; branches erect, up to +about 2 in. diam., 4-6 angled, constricted at intervals of 1-2½ in.; +angles compressed, lobed by the constrictions with continuous horny +margins; spines varying from ⅙-¾ in., in pairs, diverging, ⅙-½ in. +apart. Cymes solitary in axils of spines, subsessile, with 3 invols.; +bracts small, ovate. Invol. ⅙ in. diam., lobes 5, cuneate, fringed; +glands 5, transversely oblong. Caps. ⅛ in. diam., partly exserted. + +Nubia (Wadi Teeke, between Suakin & Berber); Red Sea Prov. (Sinkat). + + +=E. abyssinica= _Gmelin._ SHAGAR EL SIM—Arab; HEID—Hadendowa. + +Tree with succulent, leafless branches, which are ascending, forming a +large crown and up to 8- (usually 6-) angled; angles scolloped or +crenate owing to frequent constrictions; spines continuous on top of +angles, in groups of 5 or 2, divaricate, about ½ in. long. Cymes crowded +at top of branchlets; invol. with 5 transversely-elliptic, yellow +glands. Capsules with a distinct 3-lobed calyx at base, crimson streaked +with white when ripe. + +Red Sea Prov.: Between Suakin & Berber; Bahr El Jebel (Sudd country?). + + +=E. Murieli= _N.E. Br._ SHAGAR EL SIM—Arab. + +Large tree with ascending, leafless and spineless branches, forming a +large crown; branches slightly constricted at regular or irregular +distances; constrictions all of same diameter; angles 4, sometimes 5, +margins even; spines 0; spine shields horny, oblong, ¼-½ in. apart, not +connected by horny border. Leaves rudimentary, minute. Cymes numerous at +top of branchlets; pedicels ½-1 in. long bearing, on branches ¼-⅓ in. +long, 3 invols.; bracts minute, suborbicular; invol. ¼ in. diameter; +lobes 5, short; glands 5 erect, contiguous or nearly so, reniform, +forming a lip. Capsules exserted, curved to one side, ⅓ in. diameter. + +Bahr El Jebel. + + +=E. Erythrææ= _N.E. Br._ + +Small, leafless, succulent, spiny tree; branches ascending, candelabrum- +like, 3-4 or 5-7 angled, irregularly constricted; angles wing-like, up +to about 1 in. broad, straight or wavy; spines in pairs up to ⅓ in. +long, on suborbicular shields close together but not connected. Flowers +and fruit not known. + +Nubia (between Suakin & Berber: Harassa valley). + + +=E. calycina= _N.E. Br._ + +Succulent, spiny, leafless tree, 30 ft. high; branches 4-angled, wing- +like, faintly sinuate, with small central core; constrictions slight, +5-7 in. apart or more; spines up to ⅙ in. long, in pairs ½-¾ in. apart, +on oblong or suborbic. shields which are not connected by horny border. +Leaves scale-like. Cymes on peduncles ½-¾ in. long, bearing a central, +sessile, male invol. and 2 lateral hermaphr., on short branches. Invol. +about ¼ in. diameter, shallowly cup-shaped; lobes 5, broad, fringed; +glands 5, subcontiguous, transverse reniform, 2-lipped with ends +decurved. Ovary exserted. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Meshra El Rek, Mittu-land: at Legbi). + + +=E. Candelabrum= _Trémaut._ SHAGAR EL SIM—Arab; AURI (J. Daier)—Nuba; +BAKUNGI & FUFUMI—Bari; KAKOB—Bongo; BOL & BUAL (Bahr El Jebel)—Dinka; +BULL—Nuer. + +Armed tree with stem up to 3 ft. diameter, forming a large crown of +candelabrum-like habit; branchlets fleshy, 3-4 or 5-angled, not wing- +like, constricted at intervals; core thicker than in preceding; spines +geminate, diverging, up to ⅙ in. long, on rounded horny cushions which +are not decurrent. Flowers and fruit not known. + +Southern Sudan (on poor soil or rock). + +The milky juice is used for poisoning arrows. + + +230 =Bridelia scleroneuroides= _Pax._ APIAT (Bahr El Ghazal)—Dinka; +INZI—Golo. + +Shrub or small tree; branchlets yellowish hairy. Leaves alternate, +oblong-elliptic to oblong-lanceolate, 1-5 in. long, pubescent above when +young, softly and densely pubescent beneath; lateral nerves straight to +the margin. Flowers monœcious; male flowers small, numerous, subsessile +in leaf-axils; sepals 5, ovate; petals 5, broad-ovate, toothed at apex; +stamens 5; female flowers fewer or solitary: sepals as in male; petals +elliptic-ovate, thick, slightly bifid; styles 2, bifid. Drupe globose, ¼ +in. diameter, 2-celled. + +Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas; Khor Tela). + + +=B. ferruginea= _Benth._ =var. orientalis= _Hutchinson._ + +Shrub or small tree; branchlets rusty, hairy. Leaves elliptic, short- +acuminate, 2-4 in. long, pubescent on nerves and veins below; lateral +nerves 11-13, unbranched to margin. Male flowers: sepals 5, ovate- +lanceolate, slightly hooded, pubescent outside with long adpressed +hairs; petals 5, minute, obovate, toothed; stamens 5; disk thick, +wrinkled. Female flowers: sepals as in male; petals lanceolate, acute; +disk bottle-shaped, enclosing ovoid ovary, pubescent; styles 2, +bipartite. Fruit ovoid-oblong, 1-celled. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Okel; Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River); +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + + +=B. micrantha= _Baill._ + +Densely crowned tree, 20-40 ft. high; branchlets rusty-tomentose when +young. Leaves oblong-elliptic to obovate, 2-7 in. long, shining above; +lateral nerves 8-16, ascending and finally forming a marginal nerve. +Male flowers small, short-stalked; sepals 5, triangular, pubescent at +base; petals 5, obovate-cuneate, 3-lobed or toothed. Female flowers +sessile; sepals as above; petals ovate entire; disk almost enclosing the +ovoid ovary, densely pilose outside; styles 2, 2-lobed. Fruit ovoid, ⅙-¼ +in. diameter, 1-celled. + +Mongalla Prov, (Yei River). + +A food plant of the African Silk Worm (_Anaphe infracta_) in Uganda. The +timber is white and very durable. + + +231 =Megabaria ugandensis= _Hutchinson._ KAPAH—Kaliko. + +Tall tree; branchlets glabrous. Leaves alternate, clustered towards ends +of branchlets, broadly elliptic, 3-11 in. long, glabrous. Infl. +diœcious; male in glabrous panicles at ends of branchlets, axis 6-8 in. +long, bracts ovate-triangular, up to ⅙ in. long; spikelets up to ½ in. +long, each with a membranous bract at base; calyx 5-partite, lobes +broad-ovate; petals 5, small, elliptic; stamens 5; disk-glands 5. Female +infl. a panicle of racemes; calyx and petals as in male; disk cupular; +ovary and fruit ovoid. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Deim Guju in Dar Fertit); Mongalla Prov. (Yei +River). + + +232 =Amanoa Schweinfurthii= _Baker_ & _Hutchinson._ + +Monœcious, glabrous shrub, about 10 ft. high. Leaves alternate, +oblanceolate or oblong-elliptic, slightly emarginate, shining above, 3-4 +in. long. Flowers in axillary spicate clusters on short lateral leafy +branches. Male flowers several in each head; sepals 5, ovate; petals 5, +short, scale-like. Female flowers solitary in each head. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mayob). + + +233 =Andrachne aspera= _Spreng._ + +Monœcious diffuse, scabrous herb, about 1 ft. high, from a perennial +root stock. Leaves alternate, orbicular or sub-reniform, ¼-¾ in. broad. +Flowers axillary; male flower fasciculate; sep. ovate-lanceolate, +minute, 5-6; pet. 5-6, equalling sep., lanceolate; disk-glands 5-6, +opposite petals; female flower solitary; sepals longer than in male, +oblong-lanceolate; pet. very small, lanceolate; disk-glands 5; styles 3, +2-partite; ovary 3-celled. Capsule globose, ⅛ in. diam. + +Red Sea Prov. (Soturba, Suakin, 21° N. Lat.). + + +234 =Antidesma venosum= _Tul._ YUKDASHI—Golo. + +Diœcious, willow-like shrub or small tree. Leaves alternate, elliptic or +oblanceolate, up to 6 in. long, glabrous or pubescent above and thinly +pubescent to tomentose below. Male spikes up to 6 in. long, silky; calyx +3-5 partite; pet. 0; stamens 3-5. Female racemes 1-5 in. long. Flowers +pedicellate, ellipsoid, glabrous about ⅓ in. long. + +Damp places; Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Dar Nuba); Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (moist ground near Khors: Dar Fertit, Niamniam-land and +Jur); Mongalla Prov. (Gigging). + +The juice is said to be substitute for collyrium. + + +235 =Mæsobotrya floribunda= _Schweinfth._ + +Diœcious tree or shrub. Leaves alternate, elliptic, 3-6 in. long, +shortly acuminate, margin remotely repand denticulate; pet. ½-1¼ in. +long, stout. Male racemes crowded in leaf-axils, about 2 in. long; calyx +5-6 lobed, minute; pet. 0; stamens 5-6 free; disk-glands large, fleshy. +Female racemes solitary or geminate, axillary, about 3 in. long; cal. +lobes ovate, imbricate; disk cupular, short ovary ovoid, styles 2, +short, bilobed. Flowers ovoid, ¼ in. long, purple. + +Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land, Assika River). + +Wood yellowish white, works well, density 0.651; suitable for joinery. + + +236 =Hymenocardia acida= _Tul._ GARE & GERE—Bongo; KWANGE & GARA—Golo; +AKAN—Jur; BAGBODI—Zande. + +Tall, diœcious, apetalous shrub; branchlets rusty puberulous. Leaves +alternate, oblanceolate to elliptic-oblong, up to 3½ in. long. Male +flower in catkin-like spikes, up to 2½ in. long; cal. cupular, shortly +5-lobed, pinkish; stamens 5; anthers with a golden gland on the back +near the top. Female flower in axillary short racemes; calyx 5-8 +partite, pubescent; ovary glabrous, winged; styles 2. Fruit 2-winged, +much like that of a small maple. + +Nuba Mts. Prov. (Gurgus forest); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, Dinka & +Mittu-lands); Bahr El Jebel (Mongalla Prov. southwards). + +The bark yields a red tan; it is also used by the Bongos as an +antiseptic. + + +237 =Drypetes (Cyclostemon) Mildbrædii= _Hutchinson._ + +Large diœcious, apetalous shrub; bark light-grey; branchlets angular, +puberulous. Leaves alternate, oblong or elliptic, shortly acuminate, 4-8 +in. long, midrib and lat. nerves pubescent. Flowers fasciculate on +2-year-old wood; pedicels very short. Male flower sep. 4, suborbicular, +⅙ in. diam.; stamens 10, free, inserted round the fleshy, lobed disk. +Female flower sep. 4, a little larger than male; disk annular, thick; +ovary slightly bilobed; stigmas flat, 2-fid. + +Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Yuru River). + + +238 =Phyllanthus inflatus= _Hutchinson._ =sp. nov.= + +Leafy branchlets arising from short scaly branchlets. Leaves ovate- +elliptic, 1¼ in. long, ¾ in. broad, glaucous. Fruit large, bladder-like, +1½ in. long, crustaceous; stalks ½ in. long. + +Mongalla Prov. (Lado District: Kagi Ko, Yei River). + + +=P. reticulatus= _Poir._ KOROPONGO—Golo. + +Erect or scrambling, monœcious, apetalous shrub, at length nearly +glabrous. Leaves alternate, oblong or elliptic, ½-1¼ in. long; stip. +lanceolate, acute. Male flower small, axillary, fascicled; sep. 5, +ovate-elliptic, 1-nerved; stamens 5, 2 or 3 of the filaments connate, +the others free and shorter; disk-glands 5, obovate. Female flower +solitary or few; sep. as in male and disk also; ovary depressed globose; +styles 3 short, erect. Fruit ¼ in. diam., fleshy or coriaceous. + +Berber Prov. (Atbara: El Leya, Zeidab); Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov. +(Wad El Haddad); Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Kodok); Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Wau, Mittu-land: Mvolo, Niamniam-land); Fung Prov. +(Jongol’s Post); Mongalla Prov. (Kenissa). + +The roots yield a red dye. The leaves have diuretic and cooling +properties. + + +=P. floribundus= _Muell. Arg._ + +Armed monœcious trailing or climbing shrub. Leaves alternate, ovate or +ovate-elliptic, mucronate, ¾-3 in. long. Racemes fascicled in axils of +branchlets, up to 2 in. long, bearing clusters of 2-3 male and 1 female +flower. Male flower sep. 5, oblong, minute, disk-glands 5, fleshy; +stamens 5, free. Female flower sep. soon deciduous; disk cupular; ovary +ellipsoid; styles 4-5, bilobed. Fruit depressed globose, small. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Diagbe +River). + + +=P. discoideus= _Muell. Arg._ + +Shrub to tall tree, diœcious. Leaves ovate-elliptic to obovate- +oblanceolate, 1-4 in. long. Male flowers numerous, in axillary +fascicles; bracts large orbicular, deciduous; sep. 4, obovate-oblong, +very small; disk fleshy entire; stamens 4, free. Female flower axillary, +geminate; sep. 4, larger than male; disk fleshy; ovary ellipsoid. +Capsule 3-4 lobed, ⅓ in. diam. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +=P. capillaris= _Schum._ & _Thonn._ + +Whitish pubescent monœcious shrub, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves obovate or +elliptic-obovate, ⅓-1 in. long, glaucous beneath. Male flower axillary, +fascicled; pedicels ¾ in. long; sep. 5, minute, obovate; glands 5, +fleshy; stamens 5, free. Female flower mostly solitary; sep. 4-5, ovate- +elliptic, minute; disk saucer-shaped; styles 3, bipartite. Fruit +depressed, globose, minute. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +=P. nummulariæfolius= _Poir._ + +Small monœcious shrub. Leaves obovate or rounded-obovate, ¼-¾ in. long, +otherwise as above. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land): Sueh River & Mt. Baginze); Bahr El +Jebel (Madi). + + +=P. pentandrus= _Schum._ & _Thonn._ + +Woody monœcious herb, 18 in. high. Leaves oblong-lanceolate or +lin.-lanc., up to ¾ in. long. Male flower axillary in lower leaves, 2-3 +together; sep. 5, ovate, glands 5, flat; stamens 5, free. Female flower +solitary in axils of upper leaves; sep. and disk as male; styles shortly +bifid. Capsule depressed-globose, minute. + +Red Sea Prov. (Suakin 21° N. Lat.); Kordofan Prov. (Rahad, Obeid, etc.); +White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé). + + +=P. amarus= _Schum._ & _Thonn._ + +Monœcious herb, 1 ft. high. Leaves oblong or elliptic, ⅙-½ in. long; one +male and one female flower in each leaf axil. Male flower sep. 5, ovate, +minute, glands small; stamens 3, filaments connate. Female flower sep. +larger than male; disk 5-lobed; styles 3, short, bifid. Capsule +depressed 3-lobed. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas). + + +=P. maderaspatensis= _Linn._ + +Erect monœcious herb or undershrub; flower branchlets almost winged. +Leaves lin.-lanceolate or oblanceolate, up to 1½ in. long; stip. +lanceolate and auricled about ⅛ in. long. Male and female flower +sometimes together in leaf axils, or female solitary, much larger than +males; ped. 1/12 in. Male flower, sep. 6, oblong-lanceolate, minute; +disk-glands 6, flat; stamens 3, filaments connate. Female flower, sep. +6, 2-seriate ovate-elliptic; disk of 6 flat glands; styles 3, bifid. +Capsule 3-lobed, ⅛ in. diam. + +Nubia (between Suakin & Berber); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: woods north of +Matamma); Fung Prov. (Roseires & Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (J. +Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (Abu Haraza); Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra +El Zeraf southwards); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + +An infusion of the leaves is used for headaches. Cattle eat the leaves. + + +=P. prostrata= _Welw._ + +Small prostrate, monœcious herb. Leaves elliptic, spinescent at apex, ¼ +in. long. Male flower axillary and geminate in lower parts; sep. 6, +oblong, minute; glands 6, orbicular; stamens 3, filam. connate. Female +flower solitary in upper parts; sepals 6, in 2 rows oblong; disk +annular; styles 3, bifid. Capsule depressed globose, ⅙ in. diam. + +Khartoum Prov. + + +=P. odontadenius= _Muell. Arg._ + +Monœcious annual, 2-3 ft. high; branches winged. Leaves oblong, ⅓-¾ in. +long. Male flower axillary in lower leaf-axils, few together; sep. 6, +oblong, minute; glands minute; stamens 3, filam. connate. Female flower +solitary in upper leaf axils; sep. 6, biseriate, larger than male; disk +annular crenate; styles 3, bilobed. Capsule enclosed by whitish +persistent sepals. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post). + + +=P. Niruri= _Linn._ ERGANA (N. Kordn.)—Arab. + +Erect branched monœcious herb, 1 ft. high, with fine feathery foliage. +Leaves oblong or oblong-elliptic, ¼-½ in. long. Male flower solitary in +lower parts of branchlets; sep. and glands 6 resp., small; stamens 3, +filaments connate. Female flower solitary in upper parts of branchlets; +sep. 6, larger than male; disk flat, about 10-toothed. Capsule globose- +trilobed, 1/10 in. diam. + +Khartoum Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol): Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El +Ghazal Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla). + +The leaves are used medicinally for various disorders. + + +=P. rotundifolius= _Klein._ + +Monœcious herb, 1 ft. high. Leaves rounded-obovate, under ½ in. long. +Two or three male and one female flower together in each axil. Male, +sep. 6, glands 6; stamens 3, filaments connate. Female, sep. larger than +male, ovate; disk crenulate, small; ovary depressed globose. + +Red Sea Prov. (Suakin 21° N. Lat.). + + +239 =Fluggea microcarpa= _Blume._ DABALAB (Blue Nile)—Arab; MALI—Hameg; +BUGGULTYEN (Dilling)—Nuba. + +Diœcious, apetalous shrub or small tree, growing in moist ground. Leaves +alternate, elliptic or obovate, obtusely pointed or emarginate, up to 2½ +in. long. Male flowers numerous in axillary fascicles; ped. ⅙ in.; sep. +5, unequal, largest 1/12 in. long, obovate; disk-glands large and fleshy +with 3 or 4 depressions on outside; stamens 5, free. Female flower also +in axillary fascicles, numerous; sep. as male; disk annular; ovary +ovoid; styles 3, connate at base, bilobed, rarely absent. Fruit white, +depressed globose about ⅙ in diam. + +Kassala Prov. (Gendua River & Goz Regeb); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); +Upper White Nile Prov. (Tonga & Kodok); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam- +land); Bahr El Jebel. + +Wood reddish-yellow, close-grained, strong and durable. The bark is +astringent and is used as a fish poison. + + +240 =Croton lobatus= _Linn._ UMDILEIDMĀN (N. Kordn.)—Arab. + +Tall monœcious woody herb. Leaves digitately 3-5 partite, 1-4 in. long, +alternate, crenate, pet. up to 4 in. long. Racemes axillary and +terminal, up to 5 in. long, bearing female flower below, male above, 2 +ft. to each bract. Male flower, sep. 5, greenish, minute; pet. 5; +stamens 10-13. Female flower, sep. 5, ¼ in. long, lin.-lanceolate, +glandular-hairy; pet. 5, represented by a minute hair each; disk shortly +5-lobed; styles 3, free, 6-7 lobed. Capsule ¼ in. long. + +Fung Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Eliri); White Nile Prov. (rocky hills); +Kordofan Prov. (between Taiara & Gefil). + + +=C. polytrichus= _Pax._ + +Shrub? Monœcious; branchlets rusty tomentose. Leaves oblong-ovate or +obl.-elliptic, acuminate, biglandular at base, 1-2 in. long, stellate +pubescent. Racemes stellately pubescent terminal, 4 in. long, upper ⅔ +male, female below. Male flower, sep. 5, minute; pet. 5, minute; disk- +glands fleshy, suborbicular; stamens 15. Female flower, sep. 5; pet. a +tuft of hairs; disk undulately lobed; styles 3, bilobed. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Abu Gurun’s Zariba). + + +=C. niloticus= _Muell. Arg._ + +Diœcious shrub; stems and branches clothed with scaly pubescence. Leaves +dimorphic—of the young branchlets broadly ovate or ovate-rhomboid, 2-4 +in. long, digitately 5-nerved; of the older branches 1 ft. long and +broad deeply cordate, 7-nerved; pet. 1-6 in. long. Male flower not +known; female racemes axillary and terminal, 3½ in. long; sep. 5, +minute; pet. 0; disk saucer-shaped, fleshy; styles deeply bilobed. + +Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + + +=C. gratissimus= _Burch._ NIMARDAK (J. Daier)—Nuba. + +Large monœcious shrub, twigs and under surface of leaves covered with +silvery scaly tomentum. Leaves alternate ovate-lanceolate, 1-2 in. long. +Racemes terminal, up to 2½ in. long, bisexual. Male flower, sep. and +pet. 5, ovate 1/10 in. long, scaly; disk-glands thick, opposite the +sepals; stamens 10-5. Female flower, sep. and pet. 5; disk minute; ovary +densely clothed with fringed scales. Capsule ⅛ in. long, slightly +3-lobed. + +Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Daier, Talodi: Um Qualeet). + +A decoction is drunk for malaria, and also used as a massage lotion in +cases of fever. + + +=C. leuconeurus= _Pax._ + +Monœcious tree, 15-20 ft. high. Leaves ovate or elliptic-ovate, 2-5 in. +long, crenate-serrate with short stipitate glands between the teeth. +Racemes terminal, interrupted. Female flowers few, mixed with males. +Male flower hairy; sep. and pet. 5, 1/10 in. long; glands small and +fleshy; stamens about 18. Female flower, sep. 5, pet. rudimentary, +pilose; disk fleshy; ovary globose densely tomentose. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: Mvolo). + + +241 =Jatropha tuberosa= _Pax._ + +Monœcious, 1-2 ft. high; root tuberous. Leaves sessile, upper deeply +3-lobed, 6 in. long, lower lanceolate, 3-5 in. long, serrulate. Cymes +terminal, dichotomous. Female flower terminating each axis, male +lateral; bracts ¼ in. long, glandular-toothed; sep. 5, pet. 5, all +minute; glands 5; stamens 8 in 2 series, 3 inner filaments connate. +Female flower, sep. and pet. 5, larger than male; disks 5-lobed, lobes +toothed; styles bifid. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Mangob). + + +=J. melanosperma= _Pax._ + +Monœcious herb, 18 in. high. Leaves deeply 3-lobed to subentire 2½-6 in. +long, serrulate. Cymes small; flowers crowded, much as above; seeds +black, shining ¼ in. long; the bracts are smaller and eglandular. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Niamniam-land). + + +=J. lobata= _Muell. Arg._ + +Monœcious undershrub, about 1 ft. high. Leaves digitately 3-5 lobed, +1½-3 in. long and broad, serrate. Cymes few-flowered, 1 in. diam.; +bracts ¼ in. long, gland-toothed; sep. and pet. minute, gland-toothed; +glands small; stamens 8. Female flower, sep. and pet. larger than male; +disk 5-lobed. Capsule ½ in. long, buff-coloured. + +Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, etc.); Kordofan Prov. (Katul Gumbara). + + +=J. aceroides= _Hutchinson._ + +Small shrub. Leaves digitately 5-lobed, 1-4 in. long, coarsely dentate. +Cymes few-flowered. Male flower, sep. 1/10 in.; pet. 1/5 in. long; +glands large round contiguous; stamens 8; filaments partially connate. +Female flower, sep. larger than male; pet. 0; disk deeply 5-lobed. Fruit +not known. + +Red Sea Prov. (Khor Ashat, Khor Gwob). + + +=J. Curcas= _Linn._ HABB-EL-MELUK (Egypt)—Arab. + +Sappy shrub. Leaves 5-lobed or entire, ovate-rounded, 3½-5½ in. long and +wide; pet. 3-7 in. long. Cymes shorter than leaves. Male flower, sep. +1/7 in. long; pet. 2/9 in. long, pilose within, connate below; disk- +glands cylindric; stamens 8, 3 inner connate. Female flower, sep. larger +than male; pet. ¼ in. long, pilose; disk deeply 5-lobed. Capsule +ellipsoid, 1 in. long. + +Introduced: Khartoum Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Renk); Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Deim Zubeir, planted by Marchand); Bahr El Jebel. + +It is used as a hedge-plant. The seeds are poisonous and act as a +violent purgative. An oil is extracted from the seeds which is used for +making soap. + + +=J. glandulosa= _Vahl._ + +Shrub, 3 ft. high. Leaves 3-lobed, orbicular in outline, 1-2½ in. long +and wide, hairy, glandular-dentate; stip. reduced to a mass of sessile +glands. Cymes 2 in. diam.; bracts glandular-toothed. Male flower, sep. +pubescent, glandular-toothed, minute; pet. 1/5 in. long, connate lower +⅔; disk-glands fleshy; stamens 8, filaments connate half-way. Female +flower, sep. pubescent, gland-toothed; pet. 0; disk 5-lobed, fleshy. + +Between Suakin & Kassala (J. Iskeneib). + + +=J. gallabatensis= _Schweinfth._ + +Shrub, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves simple to 3-lobed, 2-3 in. long; fimbriate- +glandular-serrate; stip. fimbriate, glandular. Cymes terminal, 1¼ in. +diam.; bracts ¼ in. long, stipitate-glandular. Male fl.: sep. toothed, +minute; pet. ⅙ in. long; disk-glands flat; st. 8, 3 inner connate. Fem. +fl.: sep. glandular-fimbriate, ⅙ in. long; pet. 5, ¼ in. long; disk +5-lobed. Seeds pale, ⅓ in. long. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma). + + +=J. Schweinfurthii= _Pax._ + +Densely tomentose herb. Leaves 3-lobed to middle, 3-6 in. long, serrate. +Cymes corymbose; peduncle up to 3 in. long. Male fl.: crowded; sep. and +pet. 5, small, obovate; disk-glands obovate; st. 8, 3 inner connate. +Fem. fl.: sep. lanceolate, pubescent outside, small; pet. free, ⅙ in. +long, disk 5-lobed. Caps. tomentose, ½ in. long; seeds ⅓ in. long, +shining. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Bongo: Gir); Bahr El Jebel +(Madi). + + +=J. æthiopica= _Muell. Arg._ + +Soft, fulvous-haired herb, 9 in. high. Leaves 3-partite, up to 4 in. +long and broad, sharply serrulate; stip. glandular-fimbriate. Cymes 1½ +in. diam. on 1½ in. long, stout peduncles. Male fl.: sep. small, toothed +above; pet. free, small; st. 8, free. Fem. fl.: sep. ⅙ in. long, +fimbriate; pet. 1/5 in. long, free; disk 5-lobed, ovary ellipsoid. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur). + + +242 =Manniophyton africanum= _Muell. Arg._ + +Diœcious shrub or climber; branches scabrous-stellate. Leaves alt., from +ovate to 2-3 lobed, 3½-6 in. long; basal nerves 5; pet. up to 4 in.; +stip. rigid, subulate, small. Male panicles solitary or 2-3 together in +upper axils, up to 10 in. long, rough stellate-hairy; fl. clustered; +calyx lobes 5 triangular, ⅛ in. long; pet. 5 connate, glabrous, 1/7 in. +long; disk glands small; st. 17-20, free. Fem. panicle smaller and fewer +flowered than male; cal. as male; cor. tomentose outside; disk absent. +Caps. deeply trilobed, ab. 1 in. long, rusty hairy. + +Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: near Um Yuru River). + + +243 =Caperonia serrata= _Presl._ LASAKWA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab. + +An erect, monœcious, hispid annual. Leaves narrow-lanceolate, sharply +serrate, 2-4 in. long, glabrous or nearly so. Racemes axillary 2-4 in. +long, nearly glabrous; upper fl. male, lower fem., all solitary to a +bract. Male fl.: calyx lobes 5, ovate-triangular; pet. 5, spathulate- +oblong, subequal; st. 10, connate below, 2-seriate above, disk 0. Fem. +fl.: sep. 8-10, unequal, inner larger; pet. 5, shorter than inner sep. +Caps. ¼ in. wide; accrescent sepals 1/10-1/8 in. long. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White +Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov.; Sobat +River (Nasser); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Abu Gurun’s Zariba). + + +244 =Chrozophora plicata= _A. Juss._ =var.= (α) =typica= _Prain._ TERBA +(Blue Nile), AKASA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; GHANEM (Meshra El +Zeraf)—Dinka. + +Prostrate branching herb, with thick root stock. Leaves nearly orbicular +or subtrilobed, margin undulate, plicate, ab. 1 in. long, woolly. +Racemes monœcious, axillary dense, upper fl. male. Male fl. calyx +5-lobed valvate; pet. 5, pink; st. 12-15 connate below, 3-seriate above. +Fem. fl.: calyx 5-lobed, pet. 5; disk-glands alt. with petals. Caps. +3-coccous, red-purple, ⅓ in. wide, pubescent. + +Nubia; Dongola Prov.; On river banks and depressions on cotton soil in +most parts of the Sudan; Blue Nile Prov. (Wad Medani, Sennar, Abu +Surga); White Nile Prov. (Geteina & Salati); Kordofan Prov.; Fung Prov. +(Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Nuer District). + +=var.= (β) =obliguifolia= _Prain._ + +Leaves up to 2 in. Petals yellow. + +Nubia; Dongola Prov.; Berber Prov. (near Shendi); Khartoum Prov.; Blue +Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov. + +The fruit yields a blueish dye. A strong fibre is yielded by this plant +but it is not easily detachable. The seeds and leaves have purgative +properties. + + +=C. oblongifolia= _A. Juss._ + +Bushy white or tawny herb or undershrub. Leaves ovate-rhomboid or oblong +to lanceolate, margins sublobed, 1-4 in. long. Racemes as above. Male +fl.: calyx as above; pet. yellowish-white; st. 5-10, 1-2 seriate. Fem. +fl. much as above, but pet. linear. Caps. 2-coccous, blue-purple, ½ +wide, scaly and with fringed margins. + +Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (hills & sea-coast). + + +=C. brocchiana= _Vis._ =var.= (α) =typica= _Prain._ AGASSIR (Kordn.) & +TARBA (Darfur)—Arab. + +Woolly herb or undershrub. Leaves rhomboid or ovate, ¾-1½ in. long, +margin undulate, often 3-lobed, velvety. Racemes very dense, sessile. +Male fl.: calyx pubescent; pet. yellow; st. 5-10, 1-2 seriate. Fem. fl.: +sep. and pet. ¼ in. long. Caps. 3-coccous, white, tinged violet, ⅓ in. +wide, scaly. + +Nubia; Dongola Prov. (Debba); Kassala Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile +Prov. (Sennar); Kordofan Prov. (Abu Garad, Goghan); Darfur Prov.; Upper +White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf). + +=var.= (β) =Hartmanni= _Schwfth._ ATTARR (Kordn.)—Arab. + +Leaves rather larger, 1-2 in. long, margin distinctly 3-lobed; long +spreading stellate hairs on both surfaces. + +Berber Prov. (Saggaddi); Between Atbara & Red Sea Prov.; Kordofan Prov. + + +245 =Manihot utilissima= _Pohl._ BABWA (sweet var.) & BAZMANGI (bitter +var.)—Zande. + +The Manioc or Cassava. + +Shrub or tall woody herb with tuberous roots and 3-7 lobed leaves. + +Cultivated on the Bahr El Jebel and the southern portion of the Bahr El +Ghazal. + +It is cultivated for its tubers which are eaten when cooked. The juice +of the uncooked tuber is poisonous. The tubers also yield tapioca. + + +246 =Cephalocroton cordofanus= _Hochst._ + +Monœcious undershrub, highly aromatic when young. Stems and leaves +stellate- and often glandular-pubescent when young. Leaves alternate, +ovate-cordate, dentate, ½-2 in. long. Male perianth 4-lobed, hairy, st. +8; fem. perianth 4-lobed, lobes bi-tri-pinnatipartite, ovary 3-lobed, +tomentose, styles 3, many times divided. + +Nubia; Kassala Prov. (North of Meharrakat & Gedaref, Matamma); Atbara +River (Hillet Idris); Fung Prov. (Roseires, Jongol’s Post); Kordofan +Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Jebel. + + +247 =Erythrococca bongensis= _Pax._ + +Diœcious, apetalous shrub, 2-6 ft. high. Leaves alt., short-petioled, +ovate, base cuneate, margin obscurely crenate, 1-2 in. long; stipules +accrescent, usually spinulose. Male fl. minute, in sessile glomerules; +per. 3-lobed; sta. 9-12; fem. fl. not known. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Gurfala). + + +=E. africana= _Prain._ + +Diœcious shrub; bud-scales persistent. Leaves alt., short-petioled, +ovate, acuminate, 2-2½ in. long, margin faintly crenate; stipules +minute, scarious. Fl. small, in slender-peduncled racemes. Male fl. per. +4-lobed, green; st. 24, filaments shorter than anthers. Fem. fl. per. +deeply 2-lobed. Ovary usually 2-celled; stigmas connate at base, +papillose. Caps. didymous, rarely 3-coccous. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land). + + +=E. flaccida= _Prain._ + +Shrub or small tree; bud-scales persistent. Leaves ovate, acuminate, +base cuneate, denticulate, pubescent; stip. scarious, minute. Fl. small, +in slender-peduncled racemes, male up to ½ in. long, female 1¼ in. long, +12-16 flowered. + +Male per. 4-lobed; st. ab. 34; fem. per. 2-lobed; ovary 2-celled, +stigmas linear-ovate, at length recurved. Caps. didymous; seeds with red +aril. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River); Fung +Prov. (Jongol’s Post). + + +248 =Micrococca mercurialis= _Benth._ + +Sparingly hirsute annual, ½-2 ft. high. Leaves alt., except the lowest, +petioles ½-⅔ in. long; limb oblong or ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 1-2 in. +long, margin bluntly toothed. Racemes slender, axillary, 2-3 in. long. +Male fl. minute, per. 3-lobed; st. usually 6, 2-seriate, sometimes up to +20, multiseriate; fem. per. 3-partite; styles short, fimbriate. Caps. +2-4-coccous. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Mbomo on the River Lessi). + + +249 =Acalypha Grantii= _Baker_ & _Hutchinson._ + +Shrub ab. 6 ft. high, probably diœcious. Leaves alt., ovate, acuminate +to caudate, rounded or subcordate, digitately 5-nerved at base, 2-2½ in. +long, coarsely serrate; pet. ½-1¼ in. long; stip. linear, deciduous. +Male fl. not known. Fem. spikes terminal, ab. ¾ in. long; bracts small, +minutely toothed; sep. 3, ovate, ciliate above; ovary 3-celled, pilose +above; styles 3, purple, deeply laciniate. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Sabbi); Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + + +=A. paniculata= _Miq._ + +Monœcious herb, 2-5 ft. high; stems densely pilose above. Leaves ovate, +subcordate or truncate and 5-nerved at base, sparingly bristly on both +sides, coarsely crenate-serrate, 1½-3½ in. long; pet. 1-3½ in. long; +stip. subulate. Male racemes solitary, axillary, 2½-5 in. long; buds +small, 4-lobed; st. 8? Fem. fl. in terminal oblong panicle 6-8 in. long; +branches simple up to 2½ in. long, a few male fl. at the base of each; +sepals 5; ovary slightly 3-lobed with wart-like lumps; styles deeply 4-6 +partite. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River); Mongalla Prov. +(Yei River). + + +=A. senensis= _Klotzsch._ + +Monœcious shrub or undershrub; stems angular or deeply grooved, usually +hirsute. Leaves linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, gradually acuminate, +cordate and 5-nerved at base, serrate, 1¼-7 in. long; pet. ½-1¼ in. +long. Male spikes axillary, ¾-2½ in. long. Fem. spikes terminal, ¾-1¼ +in. long; bracts suborbicular, deeply 7-10 toothed; sep. 4; ovary 3-4 +lobed; styles 3-4, slightly connate at base, purple, slightly laciniate, +ab. ½ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Niamniam-land; Mongalla Prov. +(Yei River). + + +=A. ornata= _Hochst._ + +Monœcious undershrub or woody herb; branches somewhat grooved and +hirsute. Leaves ovate, caudate, 5-nerved at base, coarsely serrate, +sparingly pilose on nerves, 2-4½ in. long; pet. ½-2½ in. long; stip. +subulate. Male infl. axillary, solitary, slender, 1½-2 in. long. Fem. +infl. terminal, solitary, 2-3½ in. long; bracts ovate-rhomboid, +acuminate, ¼ in. long, 1-flowered, toothed. Ovary 3-lobed, pilose above; +styles 3, laciniate. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Gindua River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam- +land: Kulenjo). + + +=A. villicaulis= _Hochst._ + +Monœcious herb from a woody root stock; stems angular hirsute. Leaves +linear-lanceolate to ovate, hirsute, acuminate, cordate and 5-7 nerved +at base, crenate-serrate, 1½-4½ in. long; pet. ½-2½ in. long, hirsute, +often with 2 glands at apex. Male infl. axillary, solitary, peduncled, +1½-2½ in. long. Fem. spikes 1-3 together at end of each shoot; bracts +small, toothed, pubescent; sep. coriaceous ovate, pilose on back. Ovary +densely pilose; styles 3, laciniate, ab. ⅓ in. long. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: on the banks of the Gendua River); Darfur Prov. +(Kulme 3,600 ft.); Upper White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur +Ghattas). + + +=A. fruticosa= _Forsk._ RIKTUDA—Rashida; MŪT—Hadendowa. + +Shrub. Leaves alt., ovate, shortly acuminate, usually abruptly cuneate, +also 3-5 nerved at the base, crenate to serrate, up to 4 in. long and +bearing golden-coloured glands on lower surface. Infl. axillary, up to ½ +in. long, consisting of 2-3 unilateral dentate bracts each containing a +solitary fem. fl. and of a very short terminal male spike; ovary with +golden glands; styles 3, much branched. + +Red Sea Prov. (Karora); Bahr El Jebel. + +The leaves are used in India as a stomachic in dyspepsia and in cholera. + + +=A. brachystachya= _Hornem._ + +Slender monœcious annual, 6-12 in. high. Leaves ovate, shortly +acuminate, cordate or rounded and 5-7 nerved at base, serrate, ½-1½ in. +long; pet. ½-1¾. long. Infl. bisexual, short, axillary, solitary or +geminate, of 6-9 fem. fl. below, and male fl. in short, dense terminal +cluster; axis pubescent. Fem. bracts tripartite; sep. 3; ovary bristly; +styles slender, laciniate. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post). + + +=A. psilostachya= _Hochst._ + +Herb or undershrub; stems hirsute when young. Leaves ovate or rhomboid, +acutely caudate, rounded or cordate and 5-7 nerved at base, 2-3½ in. +long, serrate, bristly on both surfaces. Infl. bisexual, axillary, +solitary, 1-3 in. long, of 3-4 fem. fl. near the base, otherwise male. +Fem. bracts 5-lobed; sep. 3, ovate; ovary hirsute; styles 3, ¼ in. long, +laciniate. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land). + + +=A. hochstetteriana= _Muell. Arg._ + +Monœcious annual, up to 2 ft. high, sparingly hairy. Leaves lanceolate +or elliptic, slightly acuminate, 3-5 nerved at base, ¾-3 in. long, +crenulate, pellucid-dotted. Male spikes solitary in each leaf axil +together but separate from a solitary fem. fl. Male fl., sep. 4. Fem. +fl., bract small, saucer-shaped; sep. 3; ovary warted; styles short, +laciniate. + +White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. + + +=A. ciliata= _Forsk._ + +Monœcious herb, ab. 3 ft. high; stem grooved, shortly pubescent. Leaves +ovate, caudate, 5-nerved at base, 1½-4½ in. long, crenate-serrate, +slightly scabrous; pet. 1-3½ in. long. Infl. bisexual, axillary, +solitary or in pairs, ¾-1 in. long, with ab. 10 fem. fl. in the lower +part, upper part male, spicate. Fem. bracts suborbicular, laciniate- +toothed, ribbed; sep. 3, small; ovary slightly pubescent; styles 3, +slender, laciniate. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White +Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River). + + +=A. glomerata= _Hutchinson._ + +Erect branched herb; stem sulcate pubescent with short and with gland- +tipped hairs. Leaves ovate- to rhomboid-elliptic, obtuse, 5-nerved at +base, 1-2½ in. long, crenate, rough-pubescent; pet. quite as long as +leaves. Infl. monœcious, crowded in clusters at ends of branches. Fem. +bracts small, sub-reniform, with 8-10 triangular gland-tipped teeth, +crowded; sep. 3, ciliate; ovary 3-lobed, pubescent; styles short, +slender, divided almost to the base. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Addai & Gir). + + +=A. crenata= _Hochst._ + +Annual, up to 18 in. high; stem grooved, short-pubescent. Leaves ovate, +5-nerved at base, 1-2 in. long, crenate, glabrous; pet. at least as long +as leaves. Infl. bisexual; fem. fl. crowded at base and a few abortive +ones at tip, male fl. in between, few. Fem. bracts ciliate, not gland- +tipped; ovary pilose, styles 3, laciniate, slender. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Kordofan Prov. + + +=A. indica= _Linn._ + +Erect, almost unbranched herb, up to 3 ft. high, shortly pubescent and +angular. Leaves lanceolate- to rhomboid-ovate, acute, cuneate and +5-nerved at base, 1-2½ in. long, serrate, glabrous except on nerves; +pet. usually longer than blade. Infl. bisexual, axillary, solitary, or +in pairs, up to 2½ in. long with 1-7 distant fem. fl. below and few +terminal male fl., with 1 abortive fem. fl. at tip. Fem. bracts 1-2 +flowered, suborbicular, up to ⅓ in. broad, with 10-12 triangular teeth; +sep. 3; ovary deeply 3-lobed, pilose; styles short, laciniate. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Khartoum Prov.; Upper White Nile +Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf). + +The roots, leaves and tender shoots are used in India for various +disorders. The juice of the plant is esteemed as an emetic for children. + + +=A. bipartita= _Muell. Arg._ + +Climbing shrub, branches angular. Leaves ovate, acuminate, rounded or +subcuneate and digitately 15-nerved at base, 1¼-2½ in. long, serrate, +densely pubescent on nerves below; pet. ½-¾ in. long, pubescent. Infl. +bisexual, axillary, solitary, pedunculate; ped. ab. 1 in. long with a +fem. 2-fl. bract slightly above middle, upper part male, spicate, 1-1½ +in. long. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +250 =Lepidoturus laxiflorus= _Benth._ + +Diœcious shrub or small tree. Leaves oblong, acuminate, rounded and 3- +(rarely 5-) nerved at base, 3-5 in. long, closely crenate, shining and +glabrous above, long hairy on nerves below; pet. 1-1½ in. long. Male +spikes numerous from below the leaves, at length 2-3 in. long; bracts +scarious, ovate; calyx usually 4-lobed; st. 8, filam. slightly connate +at base. Fem. spikes few-flowered; calyx 3-5-sect; ovary 3-celled, +pubescent; styles long, slender, simple; capsule 3-dymous. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River & Linduku River & +Kulenjo). + + +251 =Alchornea cordifolia= _Muell. Arg._ + + _A. cordata_ Benth. + +Shrub or small tree, erect or half-climbing. Leaves broadly ovate, +cordate, 4-8 in. long. 3-6 in. broad, subentire, with a gland in the +axil of each nerve at the base. Male spikes in copious axillary +panicles. Styles 2. Fruit puberulous. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +=A. glabrata= _Prain._ + +Shrub or tree, up to 40 ft. high. Leaves alt., almost subsessile, oblong +or oblong-oblanceolate, acute, narrowed to base, entire or crenate, 4-6 +in. long, with 1-2 pairs of glands at or near the base below. Infl. +diœcious. Male spikes panicled, terminal; calyx 4-lobed; st. 8 or less, +free or slightly connate at base. Fem. spikes simple, terminal; calyx- +lobes usually 4 (to 6); caps. 3-celled, smooth, ⅓ in. across; styles +simple, linear. + +Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Yuru River). + + +252 =Neoboutonia macrocalyx= _Pax._ + +Diœcious tree, up to 65 ft. high. Leaves cordate-orbicular, 5-7 nerved +at base, 8 in. long, hoary-stellate and sparsely lepidote on nerves +beneath; stip. lanceolate, under ½ in. long. Male fl. copiously +panicled, nearly ¼ in. across; calyx 2-fid, stellate pubescent; sta. ab. +30, connective of anther with a terminal gland. Fem. fl. in simple or +sparingly branched racemes, ¾ in. wide; sep. 5, accrescent, connate +below; styles 2-fid, rather broad; caps. 3-coccous, ½ in. across. +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +=N. canescens= _Pax._ + +Diœcious tree, 25-40 ft. high; twigs rusty-scurfy. Leaves petioled, +orbicular-cordate, acute, entire, 5-7 nerved at base, 4-8 in. long, +sparingly stellate-scurfy on main nerves above, beneath closely +adpressed scurfy. Male fl. copiously panicled; calyx glabrous; sta. ab. +20, filaments hardly longer than anthers; connective usually with 3 +apical glands. Fem. fl. in copiously branched racemes, small; ovary with +tufts of stellate hairs; styles narrow with 2 linear lobes. Caps. +3-coccous, brown-scurfy, ¼ in. across. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River). + + +253 =Mallotus oppositifolius= _Muell. Arg._ + +Diœcious shrub, 6-12 ft. high. Leaves opp., ovate-acuminate or acute, +cordate or obtuse and 3-nerved at base, 6-7 in. long, somewhat sinuate- +dentate, rusty-stellate on nerves and glandular beneath. Racemes +axillary, rachis rusty-pubescent. Male 4-5 in. long; fl. glomerate; +calyx 4 (-5) valved; sta. numerous, free, purple. Fem. in fl. 2½-3 in. +long; sep. 4-5; ovary 3-celled, globose; stigmas plumose. Caps. +3-coccous, ¼-⅓ in. wide. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River, Dar Fertit: Biri +River near Deim Zubeir, Bongo-land: Baiko); Belgian Congo (Niamniam- +land: Diagbe River). + + +254 =Macaranga Schweinfurthii= _Pax._ + +Armed diœcious shrub to lofty tree; spines on stem and branches. Leaves +alt., ovate, shallow lobed, irregularly toothed, 6-18 in. long; base +narrowly deep-cordate and with a pair of glands at junction with +petiole; pet. 8-16 in. long; stip. ovate, 1¼ in. long. Male fl. in +lateral panicles, fascicled in axils of fallen leaves; sta. 2-5. Fem. +fl. in short lateral racemes; ovary glabrous, 2-3 celled; stigmas +spreading; caps. 2-coccous; cocci ½ in. across. + +Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Yuru & Diagbe Rivers). + + +255 =Ricinus communis= _Linn._ =var. genuina= _Mull. Arg._ HURUA or +KHIRUWI—Arab; BULLAS—Hadendowa; BOMBŌR (Dilling) & PWA (Kadugli)—Nuba; +HOLLOLA or SHUNSHUMUT—Hameg; FAP—Nuer; BUNGA—Zande. The Castor-Oil +Plant. + +Tall herb or shrub, with deeply 7 or more lobed palmate leaves. Fl. in +large pyramidal panicles, males below, fem. above. Caps. prickly; seeds +mottled. + +Semi-wild on river banks; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile +Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Jebel. + +The seeds yield the Castor-Oil of commerce. The leaves, pounded into a +paste, are applied externally for headaches. + +=var. africana= _Muell. Arg._ + +Fruit with only few prickles. + +Khartoum Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (J. Kōn). + + +256 =Dalechampia scandens= _Linn._ =var. cordofana= _Muell. Arg._ +DEMCHIRAI (Meshra El Zeraf) & ABULISEIG (N. Kordn.)—Arab; GADIANG (or +AGADIANG) (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka. + +Slender, monœcious climber; stem pubescent; leaves deeply 3-5 partite; +lobes rather wide-oblong, acute or obtuse; base cordate, 5-7 nerved; +length 2-5 in. Fl. in dense, long peduncled axillary heads, subtended by +a pair of yellowish, ½-¾ in. long and broad bracts. + +Kassala Prov. (Goz Regeb); Khartoum Prov. (J. Malakhit); White Nile +Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (Obeid to Melbes); Upper White Nile +Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Bor, Dinka-land). + +It is used for scorpion stings. + + +257 =Tragia cannabina= _Linn. f._ DEMCHIRAI (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; +MADIAB-DIAB (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka. + +Sub-erect or rambling herb, 2-5 ft. high, sometimes hispid with white, +stinging hairs. Leaves alt., deeply 3-partite, sometimes 5-partite at +base, sometimes without lateral lobes, central lobe oblong, 2½ in. long, +margin lobulate; nerves bristly; pet. ¼-½ in. long. Racemes bisexual, +leaf-opposed, 1-2 in. long on naked, bristly 2-3 in. long peduncles; +male fl. rather lax, numerous, fem. fl. 2-3 below the male; bracts +lanceolate, small. Male sep. 3, ovate; sta. 3. Fem. calyx segm. 6, with +dense white bristles, accrescent later. Ovary bristly; styles 3, connate +in lower half. Caps. 3-coccous. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); +Sobat River (Nasser); Bahr El Jebel (Shambé and Bari country); Mongalla +Prov. (Yei River). + +=var. Brouniana= _Prain._ + +Herb, 4-6 in. high, hispid, and with white, stinging hairs. Leaves +short-petioled, deeply 3-partite, narrow-lanceolate, central lobe 2 in. +and lateral ½ in. long; margin sparingly toothed. Racemes terminal, +occasionally leaf-opposed, under 1 in. long. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post, Saoleil); Up. White Nile Prov. (Kaka); Nuba +Mts. Prov. (Kadugli). + +The root is chewed and applied to scorpion stings. + +=var. intermedia= _Prain._ + +Stems erect or sub-erect, 2-3 ft. high, glabrous or pubescent, beset +with white, stinging hairs. Leaves distinctly petiolate, the lowest +3-partite, the upper sometimes all without lateral lobes, central lobe +lanceolate, 3½ in. long, sparingly sharply toothed. Racemes leaf- +opposed. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); White Nile (Dinka country). + + +=T. tripartita= _Schwfth._ + +Erect herb, 1½-2 ft. high, woody below; stem with sparse stinging hairs. +Leaves deeply 3-partite, lobes lanceolate or lin.-lanceolate, the +central one 4-7 in. long, margin subentire; pet. up to ⅓ in. long. +Racemes bisexual, terminal and leaf-opposed, 2 in. long on naked +peduncles 1-3 in. long; male fl. above and 1-3 fem. fl. below; bracts +ab. ⅙ in. long. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma). + + +=T. cordifolia= _Vahl._ + +Slender twiner, without stinging hairs, puberulous. Leaves ovate- +lanceolate, long acuminate, cordate, 2½-4 in. long; margin serrate or +almost fimbriate dentate, puberulous and bristly on nerves; pet. ½-2½ +in. long. Racemes bisexual, terminal, rather lax, 1½-2½ in. long, with a +naked peduncle ½-2 in. long. Male fl. numerous above and a solitary +basal fem. fl. Pedicels, both sexes, as long as their bracts and usually +solitary. + +Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. El Amira); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +=T. mitis= _Hochst._ + +Slender twiner without stinging hairs. Differs from above in being +diœcious and in the male fl. being above on the raceme in 3-fl. +glomerules and from middle downwards in lax 3-fl. cymules. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma & near Hammad). + + +=T. bongolana= _Prain._ + +Slender climber. Leaves retrosely hispid on nerves and petioles. Male +fl. twice as large as in above, otherwise much alike. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Sabbi & between Kero & Reggo). + + +=T. Benthami= _Baker._ + +Slender climber, finely puberulous and with few stinging hairs. Leaves +ovate acute or acuminate, shallowly or rarer deeply wide cordate, +sharply serrate, 2-4 in. long, sparingly bristly on nerves; pet. ¾-2½ +in. long, bristly with stinging hairs. Racemes lateral and terminal on +lateral branches, ½-¾ in. long with a naked peduncle, ¼-⅓ in. long, +densely set with stinging hairs; male fl. numerous above and 2-3 basal +fem. fl.; pedicels, both sexes, solitary, almost as long as the bracts. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River). + + +=T. Schweinfurthii= _Baker._ + +Diœcious herb from woody base, 4-8 in. high, densely pilose, without +stinging hairs. Leaves linear-oblong to lanceolate, 1½-2 in. long, +minutely serrate, sessile or nearly so. Racemes terminal and leaf- +opposed, more numerous on male plant. Male racemes 1½-4 in. long with a +short pilose peduncle; pedicels shorter than the lanceolate bracts; sep. +3; sta. 3. Fem. racemes ¾-1½ in. long, with a pilose peduncle ⅓-½ in. +long; fl. 3-6; pedicels longer than bracts; calyx-segm. 6, at length +accrescent; styles 3, short, connate at base; caps. 3-coccous. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit & Golo country). + + + =ULMACEÆ.= + + +258 =Celtis integrifolia= _Lam._ IBNU (Baggara), LEBINGA (Fung Prov.) or +MAHAGAYA (Kordn.)—Arab; EIRĀL (Dilling) & DOMBELABAI (Fan Yan)—Nuba; +BAKKA—Bari. + +Large tree with smooth, grey bark. Leaves alt., shortly petioled, ovate, +short acuminate, base unequally rounded, entire, 1½-3 in. long, +3-nerved. Infl. polygamous, axillary, shorter than the leaf, cymose, +hermaphr. fl. above, few, male fl. below, numerous, shorter stalked; +calyx 4-5 lobed; stamens 4-5, minute; stigma bifid, sometimes twice so. +Drupe ovoid, globose, about ⅓ in. long. + +Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Dueim); Kordofan Prov. +(near Singukai); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Dar Nuba); Sobat River; Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Dinka: Ghazal River, Mittu: Mvolo, Rohl River); Bahr El Jebel. + +Wood perishable, yellowish white, density 0.750. + + +259 =Trema guineensis= _Ficalho._ + +Shrub or tree; branches hairy. Leaves alt., ovate-oblong, acute to +acuminate, base unequally cordate, 2½-4 in. long, margin denticulate, +basally 3-nerved; petiole short. Infl. axillary, polygamous dense; fl. +5-merous, minute. Drupe small. + +Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land). + + +260 =Chætacme microcarpa= _Rendle._ + +Shrub or small tree, armed with solitary or paired axillary spines. +Leaves alt., distichous, elliptic-oblong to ovate, apiculate, 2-4 in. +long. Infl. monœcious, male fl. greenish, axillary, cymose; calyx +5-partite; sta. 5; fem. fl. solitary or few; calyx 5-partite; style +2-branched; drupe globose, ⅓ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + + =ROSACEÆ.= + + +261 =Rubus sp.= + +Scandent shrub. Leaves pinnate, with prickly axis; leaflets ovate- +oblong, acutely acuminate, doubly serrate, 2-3 in. long, pubescent on +the nerves beneath. Flowers paniculate; buds ovoid silky, with long +glabrous tips. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River) + + +262 =Parinarium curatellifolium= _Planch._ + +Small or moderate-sized tree, tawny-tomentose on extremities. Leaves +alternate, coriaceous, elliptic-oblong, 4½ in. long. Flowers terminal or +from the upper axils, in panicles 3-6 in. long; calyx tube campanulate; +petals 5, inserted in mouth of calyx tube; stamens 7 to many, united +into a tube at base. Drupe size of a plum, edible. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, Wau & Biselli). + +Hard, heavy wood, light brown in colour, suitable for joinery. Fruit the +size of a plum, edible. + + +263 =Potentilla supina= _Linn._ + +Decumbent herb, up to 1 ft. high, with pinnately 3-5 fol. leaves and +leaf-opposed yellow flowers. + +Berber, Khartoum, Blue Nile, White Nile & Kordofan Provinces. + +The plant is rich in tannin and is probably astringent and tonic. The +root is sometimes used as a febrifuge. + + +264 =Neurada procumbens= _Linn._ + +Tomentose annual, with procumbent branches. Leaves ovate-oblong with 1-4 +obtuse lobes on each side, ab. ½ in. long. Flowers axillary, solitary, +roundish, hairy. Fruit orbicular, ¾ in. across, prickly. + +Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Dongonab, & 21° N.L.) + + + =CHAILLETIACEÆ.= + + +265 =Dichapetalum Schweinfurthii= _Engl._ + +Large shrub. Leaves obliquely oblong-elliptic, acute, the large about 6 +in. by 2½ in., slightly pubescent on the nerves below. Flowers axillary, +clustered white or yellow, sweet smelling. Petals bilobed. Fruit +globose, tomentose. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Mbrwole +River). + + + =CÆSALPINIACEÆ.= + + +266 =Cæsalpinia pulcherrima= _Sw._ + +Shrub with bi-pinnate leaves and orange-red flowers, with very long +tassel-like stamens. + +Introduced. Cultivated for its brilliant orange-red flower. + + +267 =Poinciana elata= _Linn._ OGOI—Hadendowa. + +Small to middle-sized tree. Leaves abruptly bi-pinnate; flowers large +whitish, turning orange when fading. + +Red Sea Prov. + +Wood yellow, close, even-grained, easily worked, weight 45-48 lbs. per +cft. + + +=P. regia= _Bojer._ The Flamboyant or the Gold Mohur Tree. + +Large tree, frequently flowers before the leaves appear. Leaves abruptly +bi-pinnate; pinnæ 8-20 pair. Flowers large. Introduced. Highly +ornamental. + + +268 =Parkinsonia aculeata= _Linn._ SESABAN (wrongly named)—Arab. + +Small spiny tree. Leaves bi-pinnate; secondary petioles abruptly +pinnate, somewhat flattened; leaflets small. Flowers yellow; pods +constricted between the seeds. Throughout the Sudan (Introduced). + + +269 =Cassia Kotschyana= _Oliv._ SENNA & UMKATSHU—Arab; GAFELE & +BOYEH—Golo; OKIL—Jur; RATU—Zande. + +Small tree. Leaves abruptly pinnate; flowers in long drooping panicles, +showy, yellow; pods cylindrical, up to 2 ft. long and ab. ½ in. in +diameter, break transversely. + +Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Darfur, Bahr El Ghazal & Mongalla Provinces. + + +=C. occidentalis= _Linn._ ’SORIB (Baggara) & SENNA—Arab; ASHASHI +(Dilling) & ASHASHINI (J. Ghulfan)—Nuba. + +Semi-woody herb, up to 5 ft. high. Leaves abruptly pinnate; rachis 4-6 +in. long, with a gland at base; leaflets 4-5 pair, narrow with acute +apex. Flowers yellow; pod linear, slightly compressed between the seeds. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Berber Prov. (Shendi); Khartoum, Blue Nile, +Fung, Kordofan, Darfur & Mongalla Provinces. + +The leaves, roots, and seeds are used medicinally, i.e., pounded leaves +for healing fresh wounds, the seeds in ringworm, and the root as +diuretic. An infusion of the leaves is considered useful in bilious +fevers. The seeds toasted, and ground, are used as a substitute for +coffee. + + +=C. Sieberiana= _DC._ + +Small tree, glabrous or extremities puberulous. Leaflets 6-14 pair, +ovate-elliptical, up to 3½ in. long. Racemes 4-18 in. long; bracts +present during flowering; flowers yellow; 3 stamens longer than the +other 7. Pod sub-cylindrical, elongate. + +Fung Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land); Mongalla +Prov. + +Wood very hard and heavy, fibrous, yellow ochre colour, density 0.818. +Difficult working, suitable for joinery, cart building. Resistant to +pests. + + +=C. Arereh= _Del._ GARADAYA (Fung)—Arab; KAFA—Burun; UMFLOGORU—Hameg; +GAFELE—Golo; MASISI—Bongo. + +Shrub or small tree. Leaflets 7-9 pairs, ovate to lanceolate, obtusely +acuminate, reticulately-veined, 2½ in. long. Racemes terminal short; +bracts present at flowering time; petals yellow; 3 stamens longer than +the rest. Pod cylindrical, up to 20 in. long and 1 in. in diam., +dehisces longitudinally showing numerous dissepiments. + +Nubia; Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (South); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s +Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (near Chak Chak); Mongalla Prov. + + +=C. Tora= _Linn._ HEREISHAH—Arab; KAITELANG (Dilling)—Nuba; KIAR +(Mongalla)—Dinka. + +Erect annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaflets 3-pair, obovate, with a gland on +the rachis between the lowest one or two pairs. Flowers yellow, solitary +or in pairs; pod 6-8 in. long, thin, quadrangular, curved when young. + +Kassala Prov.; Blue Nile Prov. (Abu Haraz); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); +White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Upper White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Jur-land: Agade); Mongalla Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Kulme). + +Has similar properties to _C. occidentalis_ Linn. (above). + + +=C. obovata= _Collad._ SANNA or SENNA EL KELB—Arab; AMBARKI—Hadendowa; +ALL’A (Dilling)—Nuba. + +Bushy herb. The flat pod has a series of crested plaits on its sides. +Leaflets 3-7 pairs, obovate to oblong. Racemes axillary, bracts +rotundate, ovate; 2 anthers longer than the rest. + +Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov., and most parts of the Northern Sudan. + +The leaves are occasionally mixed with those of the true Senna. + + +=C. holosericea= _Fresen._ + +Shrubby and velvety. Leaflets 5-8 pairs, ovate to oblong, 1 in. long. +Racemes shorter than the leaves. Pod 1½ in. long, broadly falcate. + +Red Sea Prov. (Khor Seterri, South of Suakin); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur +Ghattas). + + +=C. didymobotrya= _Fres._ + +Shrub, 10 ft. high. Leaflets 8-16 pairs, oval-oblong, apex rounded, +mucronate, base obliquely rounded. Racemes 5-12 in. long, from upper +axils, flowers packed at first in imbricate, caducous bracts. Pod +linear-oblong, 3-4 in. long. + +Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + + +=C. acutifolia= _Del._ SENNA or SENNA EL RIF (N. Kordn.) & SENNA +MEKKA—Arab. + +Undershrub. The flat pod has no crest on its side. Leaflets 4-5 pairs, +oval to lanceolate, acute. Racemes from axils of upper leaves, much +longer than the leaves; pods broadly oblong, slightly curved, without +crest on the sides, ab. 2 in. long. + +North Sudan; Red Sea Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile, Darfur & Kordofan +Provinces. + +The pods and leaves constitute the true Alexandrian Senna of commerce. + + +=C. Absus= _Linn._ HABBAT EL AIN (N. Kordn.) & HAB EL AIN (Port +Sudan)—Arab. + +Erect annual, 1-2 ft. high, covered with bristly glandular hair. Leaves +small; rachis swollen at the base and with a gland between every one of +the 4 pairs of leaflets, which are broadly oval or obovate-oval; pod 1-2 +in., hairy, linear, ab. ¼ in. broad. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov.; +Upper White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + +The seeds are used for ophthalmia and the ringworm. + + +=C. mimosoides= _Linn._ + +Shrubby. Leaflets very small, linear, unequal sided, usually 10-80 pair; +flowers yellow; pod linear, ab. 2 in. long, slightly pilose. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (El +Obeid & Tekele); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé); Darfur Prov. (Kulme). + + +=C. nigricans= _Vahl._ SURIB (N. Kordn.)—Arab. + +Erect herb, up to 5 ft. high, somewhat similar to above. Leaflets small, +8-18 pair; flowers very small. Pod linear, ab. 2 in. long. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov. (Harun); Kordofan +Prov. (near Rahad); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Eliri); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Bongo-land: Addai, Niamniam-land); Mongalla Prov. + + +=C. goratensis= _Fresen._ + +Shrub or small tree. Leaflets 7-9 pairs, oblong to obovate-elliptic, +rounded both ends, pubescent, 1½ in. long, with inter-petiolular glands. +Flowers corymbose, crowded at ends of branches; petals yellow, large, +unequal. Pods constricted, up to 4 in. long. + +Blue Nile Prov. (Upper); White Nile Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov.; Mongalla +Prov. (near Gigging). + + +270 =Bauhinia fassoglensis= _Kotschy._ KARAUERAU—Arab; PAJ (Bahr El +Ghazal)—Dinka & Jur; USIN—Golo; KORA—Hameg. + +Scandent shrub. Leaves bilobed, like a camel’s foot, up to 4½ in. broad. +Flowers in leaf-opposed or terminal racemes, 1 ft. long; calyx strongly +keeled; cor. white; stamens 10, of which usually only 2 perfect. + +Kassala & Blue Nile Provinces (Sennar to Gallabat); Fung Prov.; Kordofan +Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Sabbi). + + +=B. rufescens= _Lam._ KULKUL—Arab; TARWARA (Dilling)—Nuba. + +Small tree, with smooth, white bark. Leaves bilobed, small, usually +under 1 in. diam. Flowers white, small, fragrant, in terminal racemes or +corymbs; calyx spathaceous; stamens 10, perfect. Pod linear, coriaceous, +curved, up to 3½ in. long. + +Kordofan, Nuba Mts. & Darfur Provinces. + +Wood hard, homogeneous, close and fine grained, density 0.713, light +brown in colour, used in carpentry. The bark is employed for making +ropes, and also for tanning leather. As with other species of this genus +various parts are used in native medicine. + + +=B. reticulata= _DC._ ABU KHAMEIRA, TAMBAREIB & KHARUB—Arab; KUBUY +(Dilling); KIRKONGAW (J. Eliri), BĀSIGSI (Kadugli) & KADAWDO (Rashad- +Talodi)—Nuba; POFFEH—Bari; PAI (Renk) & PAJ (Bahr El Ghazal)—Dinka; +PAJ—Jur; KWIELIA or USIN—Golo; MUGGAL—Hameg; DANG & NGWAIN—Nuer; +FOICHA—Burun; DAGPA—Zande. + +Small tree; young parts rufous. Leaves large, bilobed. Flowers numerous; +calyx rufous; petals white. Pod long, flat, somewhat twisted, glossy, +dark brown, up to 1 ft. long and 3 in. broad. + +South of Lat. 13° N. + +Wood rather hard, light brown in colour, density 0.707, homogeneous, +works easily, but is seldom of useful size, it makes poor fuel. Ropes +and clothes are made from the bast fibre by Golo-women. The seeds are +eaten. A decoction of leaves is used as a gargle for toothache. From the +roots a mahogany-coloured pigment is obtained. + + +=B. variegata= _Linn._ Camel-foot tree. + +Moderate-sized tree, with bilobed leaves and axillary racemes of purple +and cream-coloured flowers. Pod 6-18 in. long, linear, flat. + +Introduced. Grown in gardens. + + +271 =Isoberlinia sp.= KOBBO—Bongo. + +Leaflets, 4 pairs, ovate, oblique, 5-6 in. long, 3 in. broad, +reticulate. Flowers paniculate. Sepals velvety. Bracts small, deciduous. +Fruits woody. Seeds orbicular, flat. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land). + + +272 =Berlinia acuminata= _Solander._ ERIANGA & KOBA—Dinka; KA & +AKKA—Golo; KOBA—Jur; KAWBAW—Bongo. + +Large tree with rough, exfoliating bark; occasionally forms pure crops. +Leaves large, abruptly pinnate; leaflets 3-6 pair, 3-9 in. long. Pods up +to 15 in. long and 3 in. broad, flat, olive green, velvety, curling up +spirally after dehiscing. Bahr El Ghazal & Mongalla Provinces. + +Wood fibrous, density 0.649, light brownish yellow in colour, works +well, but is readily attacked by insects. Useful for small furniture, +boats, carts, etc. + + +273 =Pahudia (Afzelia) africana= _Smith._ RIANG—Dinka; PO—Golo; BEI—Jur; +PAWE—Zande. + +Very large tree. Leaves paripinnate; leaflets 6-10, glossy, alternate. +Pods up to 9 in. long and 3 in. wide, thick, woody, splitting into two +flat, boat-shaped halves; seeds black, surmounted by orange-coloured +aril at the base. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (near Mongalla). + +Timber reddish, resembling Mahogany, strong, somewhat coarse-grained. + + +274 =Daniellia thurifera= _Bennett._ KELA—Bongo; BELIN & SHANDA—Dinka; +BU or BINDA—Golo; SHANDA—Jur; BOVOTODE—Zande. + +Very large tree, with a clean bole, up to 50 ft. before branching; bark +smooth, light grey. Leaves abruptly pinnate. Leaflets 5-9 pairs, +coriaceous, 2-7 in. long. Pods flat, broad-falcate, 1-seeded, the seed +being attached by a long, thread-like process to a membrane, which acts +as a parachute in disseminating the seed. + +Bahr El Ghazal & Mongalla Provinces. + +Timber light, streaky brown, moderately hard, light, density 0.505, +coarse-grained, works easily, but readily attacked by insect pests; +useful for light furniture, packing cases, knife handles. Good firewood. +The tree yields a Frankincense (the Ogea gum of Sierra Leone) which +exudes from holes made by boring insects or by tapping, and is collected +and sold for body perfume. Bee-hives are made from strips of the bark. + + +275 =Tamarindus indica= _Linn._ ARDEIB—Arab; SHEKERE (Dilling), KUASHI +(J. Eliri) & DANUFI (Kadugli)—Nuba; BASHA & PATTA & (fruit), +KITTEH—Bari; SHOWI (Renk & Bahr El Ghazal), SHWAI (Mongalla), TCHUWOI +(Goz El Siada) & SHWAYAI (Kaka)—Dinka; SHWAH—Shilluk; KUAR & KWAT—Nuer; +YENNO—Burun; SHOWI—Jur; ARUB or WASSA—Golo; MALAT—Hameg; MAHA—Bongo; +ABANZA—Zande. + +Large tree with dark-coloured, fissured bark. Leaves abruptly pinnate, +3-6 in. long; leaflets small, 10-15 pair. Pod pendulous, 3-8 in. long, 1 +in. broad, the inner pericarp consisting of a red, acid pulp; seeds +brown, hard. + +Southern Sudan; Blue Nile Prov. (Upper); Kordofan Prov.; Red Sea Prov. +(Has Has). + +Fruit called TAMR HINDI by Arabs, used for cooling drinks, also +medicinally as laxative. The bark is said to have astringent and tonic +properties. The seed yields an oil which may be used for varnish. The +seed rubbed on a roughstone, with water, is a specific for carbuncular +boils. The wood is hard, fibrous and heavy, density 0.777. It is rather +difficult to work, but is very suitable for cabinet work as the heart- +wood is beautifully mottled black and brown. It is resistant to insect +pests, and is useful for carpentry, ship-building, carts, pestles and +mortars. + + +276 =Detarium microcarpum= _Guill._ & _Perr._ ABU LEILA—Arab; GUDI (Bahr +El Ghazal)—Dinka; LOYO, LOIGO or MPORO or M’BOLO—Golo; AKUTI—Jur; +MALAGUTU—Bongo. + +Small to middle-sized tree. Leaves pari-pinnate; leaflets 6-12, +alternate or opposite, undulate-crenate. Pod disc-shaped, 1½ in. in +diameter, ½ in. thick; the inner pericarp is a sweet pulp, traversed by +fibrous processes from the bony endocarp. + +Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land & Jur-land). + +The sweet pulp is eaten as a substitute for sugar. The tree grows to a +large size in Nigeria; its timber is one of these exported under the +name of “African Mahogany.” It is grey in colour, with a fine and +regular grain, density 0.779. It is hard but works well. It is very +resistant to pests and lasts long under water. Very suitable for +carpentry, piles, fences, joinery, etc. It exudes a fragrant resin. + + +277 =Burkea africana= _Hook. f._ + +Small tree, 25 ft. high. Leaves bipinnate, up to 3 ft. long, collected +towards ends of branches; pinnæ ab. 3 pairs; leaflets 6-12 per pinna. +Flowers spicate, white, at end of branches. Pod up to 2½ in. long, +oblong or elliptical, flat, coriaceous. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + +Wood clear brown in colour with a fine close grain, density 0.677. It +splits easily and is suited to light carpentry and furniture. Not very +resistant to insect pests. + + +278 =Erythrophlæum guineense= _Don._ KURU (Wau) & THIEPAGOK +(Rumbek)—Dinka; BANGI or BEI—Golo; KOLU—Jur; IRRIK & GARO—Zande. The Red +Water tree or Sass wood. + +Very large tree. Leaves abruptly bipinnate; pinnæ 2-4 pairs; leaflets +6-11 per pinna. Flowers in dense spiciform panicles, small, white or +pale yellow. Pod 3½ in. long and 1¾ in. broad, black, woody. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (near Khors). + +Wood reddish brown, very heavy and hard to work, density 0.821. Close +grained, fibres twisted. Suited to joinery and cabinet making. Very +resistant to pests. The seeds, pods and bark are poisonous. The seeds +are used by Dinkas as a test of a person’s guilt when accused of causing +death by witchcraft or poison. The accused has to swallow some four of +the seeds with water after these have been cut in two. If he dies he is +guilty, but innocent if he is only sick. + + + =MIMOSACEÆ.= + + +279 =Parkia biglobosa= _Benth._ + +Tree, 50 ft. high. Leaves 9-18 in. long, bipinnate; pinnæ 14-30 pairs, +with sessile glands at the base of 1 or 2 last pairs; leaflets 1-nerved, +50-70 pairs. Flowers red, in pendulous globose heads. Pods several in a +bunch, 8-12 in. long, depressed between the seeds. + +Upper White Nile. + +Wood whitish, soft, density 0.699, medium grained, very flexible. Easily +worked and suited to carpentry. The dry pulp of the pods furnishes a +reddish flour containing 60 per cent. of sugar which is eaten with rice +and meat; it is also used in the preparation of a fermented liquor. The +bark and pods are used as a fish poison. + + +=P. filicoidea= _Welw._ UMRASHAD or MUDUS—Arab; AKON—Dinka; KOFO, LU or +ULU—Golo; NWANA—Jur; RU—Bongo; ABONGBA—Zande. + +Large tree with dark outer bark. Leaves abruptly bipinnate; pinnæ 6-9 +pairs; leaflets 16-24 pairs, triplinerved. Flowers in dense pendulous, +globose heads, ab. 1½ in. across, scarlet. Pods usually several +together, flat, 8-12 in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. + +Timber white, coarse, not durable. The mealy pulp in which the seeds are +embedded is eaten. The bark is used for tanning. + + +280 =Entada Wahlbergii= _Harv._ + +Slender, unarmed climber. Leaves bipinnate; pinnæ 2-4-jugate; leaflets +4-18 pairs, linear-oblong up to 1 in. long. Spikes solitary or panicled; +cor. reddish-brown. Pod flat, arcuate, the chord 4-6 in. long, with up +to 13 articulate divisions, sutures thick, persistent after fall of the +articles. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land). + + +=E. sudanica= _Schwfth._ SESABAN (Fung), UMKASHO (Baggara) & LAYUK +(Jongol’s Post)—Arab; DEZA—Hameg. + +Small tree with bipinnate leaves and large pods, the woody margins of +which persist after the joints containing seeds have fallen out. Pinnæ +5-8-jugate; leaflets 14-20 pairs per pinna. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Bongo-land); Mongalla Prov. + + +=E. abyssinica= _Steud._ + +Small tree. Differs from the above by the greater number (14-18 pairs) +of pinnæ and also (25-50 pairs) of leaflets in the pinnæ. Pods hardly +constricted, ab. 6-12 in. long. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +281 =Piptadenia africana= _Hook. f._ + +Tree. Leaves abruptly bipinnate; pinnæ 9-13 pair; leaflets 30-60 pair, +small, linear; pod 9 in. long and ¾ in. broad, flat, linear; seed ¾ in. +long and ¼ in. broad, narrow oval, furnished with a winged membrane +nearly 3 in. long; flowers in cylindrical spikes. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +=P. sp.= + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River: Batuka). + + +282 =Prosopis oblonga= _Benth._ ABU SURUG—Arab; AIRI, GALL & GIER—Bongo; +JIER (Bahr El Ghazal)—Dinka; IJI, INJI or JI—Golo; KADOL—Jur; +DIGRA—Burun; ZANGARE & INGE—Zande. + +Moderate to fairly large tree, with rough bark; pinnæ 2-3-jugate, with a +sessile gland between each pair; leaflets 5-11-jugate. Leaves abruptly +bipinnate. Flowers in spikes, ab. 3 in. long, white. Pod smooth, oval in +cross section. Seeds dark brown. + +Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla); Upper +White Nile Prov. (Goz El Siada). + +Wood hard, very heavy, density 1.44, regular, strong, fine grained, +takes good polish, dark reddish-brown in colour, is used by Bongos and +Jurs for making charcoal for iron smelting. Good for carpentry, +implements, boat building. Bark used for tanning, also as an antiseptic. +Pods used for poisoning fish. + + +283 =Amblygonocarpus Schweinfurthii= _Harms._ BINDI & NGUASSA—Dinka; +BINDI—Jur; M’BOSSO & BISHI—Golo; DURA—Krej; GIER—Bongo. + +Large tree, 1-3 ft. diam. Leaves bipinnate; leaflets broadly-elliptic, ¾ +in. long, ½ in. broad, glabrous. Racemes 4 in. long. Flowers very +numerous, dense, about ¼ in. long, anthers much curved. Fruits +quadrangular. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land, Golo-land & Dar Fertit). + +Wood light, fine grained, easily working, useful for joinery. + + +284 =Dichrostachys nutans= _Benth._ KADADA—Arab; BARTO (J. Daier), KWĀR +(Dilling) & KĒTIER (J. Eliri)—Nuba; RILEH—Bari; KĪR (White Nile), KI +(Goz El Siada), KĪR & SHĪR (Mongalla)—Dinka; BAKANGO—Golo; ARBIT—Hameg; +KIROH—Shilluk; TILLA or KITCHUN—Burun. + +Large armed shrub, the spines being often leaf-bearing. Leaves abruptly +bipinnate; pinnæ 5-10-jugate, with a stipitate gland between each pair; +leaflets 12-22 pairs. Flowers in dense pink and yellow cylindrical +heads; pods much twisted. + +Kordofan Prov. & Southern Sudan. + +Wood hard, compact, density 0.620, yellow ochre colour, good for cabinet +making. + + +285 =Neptunia oleracea= _Lour._ + +Aquatic herb, often floating. Leaves bipinnate; pinnæ 2-3 pair, +opposite; leaflets 8-20 pair. Flowers in an oblong head, ½-1 in. long, +yellow; stamens 10. Pod 1 in. long by ¼ in. wide, long-stalked. + +White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Mongalla Prov. + +Eaten as a pot-herb. + + +286 =Mimosa asperata= _Linn._ HAB BITA EL AIN (Baggara), SHAGAR EL FAS & +HABBAS—Arab; MOSAGHANI—Hameg; M’BASE—Golo. + +Straggling, prickly shrub. Leaves bipinnate, sensitive; pinnæ 7-16 pair; +leaflets 25-40-jugate. Flower heads globose, pinkish, on ab. 1 in. long +axillary peduncles. Pod very hairy, compressed, linear-oblong, 1 in. +long. + +Southern Sudan (Edges of watercourses). + +The fruit is used as medicine for the eyes in Kordofan. + + +287 =Acacia Sieberiana= _DC._ + +Moderate-sized tree, sometimes large. Stipular thorns straight, usually +short on flowering shoots. Leaves bipinnate, as in other Sudan species; +pinnæ 10-30 pair, with a large gland near base of rachis; leaflets 20-40 +pair. Flower-heads globose, on 1-2 in. peduncles, which are solitary +below and fascicled above. Pod 6-7 in. long, 2-valved, straight or +slightly curved, compressed, ¾ in. broad. + +Darfur Prov.: Bahr El Jebel (Madi woods). + +Wood hard, yellow ochre colour, density 0.946 heartwood, 0.851 sapwood, +readily attacked by insects (white ants, etc.); useful for packing +cases, light furniture, mortars, implements. A decoction of the root +acts as a vermifuge. + + +=A. spirocarpa= _Hochst._ SAYAL—Arab; TAWĀR or TOWAI—Hadendowa; KANDIA +(J. Daier)—Nuba; MUTU—Bari. + +Large tree with bipinnate leaves and straight stipular spines. Flower- +heads globose, greenish-white; pods spirally twisted. Pinnæ 4-10 pairs; +leaflets 7-15 pair, very small. + +Northern Sudan; Blue Nile, White Nile & Kordofan Provinces. + +The bast yields a strong fibre. The pods are called ULLAF—Arab. + + +=A. tortilis= _Hayne._ SAMR—Arab; SANGANEIP & SANGANĒ—Hadendowa; +SAKBE—Rashida. + +Obconical, flat-topped, large shrub or small tree, with straight and +curved spines. Flower-heads globose, whitish; pods twisted. Pinnæ 2-5 +pairs, glands on rachis minute or absent, leaflets 8-12 pairs, linear- +oblong. + +North Sudan. + +Sapwood moderately dark or brown, heartwood small, dark brown. Medullary +rays fine. Pores uniform, moderate sized, in concentric lines of flat +arcs. Wood fairly hard and heavy, used in the Red Sea Prov. for ribs of +boats and for pulleys and blocks. It is liable to attacks of boring +insects. + + +=A. nilotica= _DC._ + +Characters as in the next species, but pods quite glabrous. + +Red Sea Prov. (near Suakin); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Berber Prov.; +White Nile Prov. (Wad Shellai). + + +=A. arabica= _Willd._ SANT, SNUT or SUNT—Arab; ALLWI (Goz El +Siada)—Dinka; LENG—Burun; GARAD (Tagele)—Nuba. + +Large tree with straight spines, up to 2 in. long. Flower-heads globose, +yellow. Pods white, tomentose, much contracted between the seeds. Pinnæ +usually 3-12 pairs with or without gland between lowest and, at times, 1 +or 2 upper pairs; leaflets 10-30 pairs, linear-oblong. + +North Sudan; Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov.; White Nile (from 10° N.L. +Northwards, rare South of Jebelein); Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile +Prov. (Goz El Siada). + +=var. A. Adansonii= _Guill._ & _Perr._ + +Differs from above in the pods, which are not or hardly contracted +between the seeds. + +Kordofan Prov. (El Obeid). + +The young bark yields a fibre. Timber hard, heavy, density 0.945 +heartwood and 0.827 sapwood, durable, short fibred and somewhat brittle, +resistant to water and white ants, used for construction work and boat +building, building, etc. The pods, called GARAD by Arabs, as well as the +bark, used for tanning, a decoction is administered in dysentery. The +pods are also used as a dye. The gum, although inferior to that of _A. +Verek_, is an article of commerce; that from India is known as “Ghatti +gum.” + + +=A. verugera= _Schwfth._ KŪK—Arab; ABELAINY (Dilling), KWEILE (J. Eliri) +& KUSSI (Kadugli)—Nuba; SHEBIL—Hameg; PUKULI—Bari; KOG (Kaka), TEP +(Mongalla), TIP (Renk) & TIPAGOK (Bahr El Ghazal)—Dinka; TIAP—Shilluk; +TEF—Nuer; DAGLIE—Zande. + +Very large tree with grey-white bark and with straight, white spines, 1½ +in. long. Pinnæ 7-14 pair, leaflets 20-30 pairs. Flowers globose, white, +about ¾ in. across. Pod up to 6 in. long, slightly curved, flat, thick, +¾ in. wide, green. + +Kassala Prov. (near Kassala); South of Lat. 13° N. + +Wood white, not durable. The qualities of the gum have yet to be +investigated. + + +=A. nubica= _Benth._ EL UT or AUD & LAOT—Arab; GAMEROT—Rashida; ANJERA +(J. Daier), MAIN (Dilling), UNGUS (Tagele) & MA (J. Ghulfan)—Nuba; ANAN +(Renk) & KONYAI (Kaka)—Dinka; AFIAD—Shilluk. + +Obconical shrub with spines ab. ½ in. long, somewhat recurved. Pinnæ +3-12 pairs with or without 2-3 minute sessile glands; leaflets 6-15 +pairs, small, oblong. Pod linear-oblong, narrowed at each end, almost +narrowly-winged, yellowish, 2-3 in. long. Flowers in globose heads on +1-3 axillary peduncles. + +Kassala, Red Sea, Blue Nile, White Nile & Kordofan Provinces. + +The bark is used for tanning. The bast yields a good fibre. + + +=A. etbaica= _Schwfth._ ARRAD or GARRAD—Hadendowa and Rashida. + +Small tree; extremities at first red-brown; stipular thorns straight, +short. Pinnæ 3-6 pairs, without glands; leaflets 14-30 pairs. Peduncles +3-5 in each axil, bearing rather few-flowered globose heads. Pods +linear, compressed, almost straight, brown, glabrous up to 3½ in. long. + +Red Sea Prov. + +The bark is used for tanning. + + +=A. Seyal= _Del._ TELEH (Baggara), TALH HAMRA or TALHA—Arab; ME (J. +Daier), SHALEIH (Dilling), TEILI (J. Eliri) & TIRIGO (Kadugli)—Nuba; +KUKATI—Bari; BI (Kaka), RATT (Renk) & TEP (Mongalla)—Dinka; MELA—Hameg; +TEIB & LUOR—Nuer; ALLAD—Shilluk. + +Small to middle-sized tree, with rufous bark; spines white, straight or +nearly so, up to 1½ in. long. Pinnæ 11-12 pairs; leaflets 18-22 pairs. +Flowers globose, yellow, about 1 in. diam. Pods ab. 3 in. long, curved, +slightly contracted between the seeds. + +Throughout the Sudan. + +Wood white, not durable, liable to attacks of insects, especially if cut +green. The gum is of good quality but inferior to that of _A. Verek_. +The bark is used for tanning and the bast yields a fibre. Native women +fumigate themselves with the wood smoke. + + +=A. Seyal= _Del._ =var. Fistula= _Schwfth._ TALH BEID & SOFFAR—Arab; +SHALEIH WIWI (Dilling)—Nuba; BAGU—Hameg; KONAIYER (Kaka) & TEP +(Mongalla)—Dinka; ASHAR—Shilluk. + +South Sudan. + +Much like preceding but bark white and the bases of the thorns inflated. + +Moister parts of the Sudan. + +Has the same qualities as Red Talh. + + +=A. Ehrenbergiana= _Hayne._ SALLAM—Arab. + +Shrub with brown papery bark. Flower-heads globose, golden yellow. +Spines slender, straight, also hooked. Pinnæ 1-2 pairs; leaflets 8-10 +pairs, oblong. Pod narrow-linear, falcate, constricted between the +seeds, up to 4½ in. long. + +Northern Sudan, usually in arid tracts. + +Yield a gum. + + +=A. stenocarpa= _Hochst._ + +Small tree; spines straight, short. Flowers globose, yellow; pods curved +as in _A. Seyal_. Pinnæ 4-10 pairs with at least 1 gland, sessile at +base of the rachis; leaflets 10-20 pairs, linear oblong. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Jebel (Nyangara); +Mongalla Prov. + +One of the species affording the Gum-arabic of commerce. + + +=A. Verek= _Guill._ & _Perr._ HASHAB & SUBAHI (Wad Medani)—Arab; +KALIALMO (J. Daier) & TŪT (Dilling)—Nuba; KADOFI—Bari; ATĪYDOK (Kaka) & +CHIANDOK (or CHIANDAK) (Mongalla)—Dinka; GARANDAK—MESHIRG—EDIN—Hameg; +ADHWAG—Shilluk; BAM—Nuer. + +Small to moderate-sized tree; spines 3, stout, sharp, dark brown, short, +two straight and one recurved. Pinnæ 3-5 pairs; leaflets 10-15 pairs. +Flowers in lax cylindrical spikes, white. Pods thin, straight, papery, 3 +in. long. + +Southern Nubia; From Berber Province to Mongalla; Fung, Darfur & +Kordofan Provinces. + +Wood dark, durable. This tree yields the best gum of commerce. + + +=A. glaucophylla= _Steud._ HASHAB (Kassala & Karora)—Arab. + +Large shrub or small tree, glabrous, or extremities puberulous; infra- +stipular prickles 2-3, short, straight or slightly recurved, often +absent. Pinnæ 3-6-jugate, with small gland at base of rachis; leaflets +12-20 pairs, oblong. Spikes 1-3 in axils; flowers white. Pod linear, +flat, narrowed each end, 3-4 in. long. + +Between Suakin & Berber (Omareg); Kassala Prov. (J. Kassala); Red Sea +Prov. (Karora hills). + + +=A. mellifera= _Benth._ KITTIR—Arab; KAWTAW (J. Daier) & URŪM +(Kadugli)—Nuba; NARAH (Renk)—Dinka. + +Small tree or shrub; infra-stipular prickles 2, short, recurved. Pinnæ +2-jugate; leaflets 1 pair per pinna, obovate-oblong or -rotundate. +Spikes axillary, fascicled, white. Pod 2 in. long, flat, oblong. + +Red Sea Prov. (between Sinkat & Erkowit & Katai Geraite); Around Kassala +& Gedaref routes; From Khartoum to Upper Nile Prov.; Blue Nile Prov. +(Wad Medani to Sennar); Kordofan & Darfur Provinces. + +This tree, which grows gregariously, forms often most impenetrable +thorny thickets. The fibre from the liber is largely used in making +sacks to hold gum. + + +=A. læta= _R. Br._ + +Small tree; prickles short, black, shining. Pinnæ 2-3 pairs; leaflets +3-5 pairs, oblanceolate, oblong. Spikes axillary, solitary or fascicled. +Pod 2-3 in. long, flat, oblong, often once or twice constricted, +coriaceous. + +Red Sea Prov. (J. Waratab, near Suakin); Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov. +(Nyemati); Kordofan Prov. + + +=A. albida= _Del._ HARAZ—Arab; SIRTU (J. Daier), NAGAN (Tagele), URĀD +(Dilling & J. Ghulfan) & FORWEK (Kadugli)—Nuba. + +The largest of Sudan Acacias; branches whitish; spines short, straight. +Flowers white, in spikes, which are axillary, solitary or in pairs. +Pinnæ 4-6 pairs, with a gland between each pair; leaflets 7-17 pairs, +oblong. Pod 2-5 in. long, flat, curved, often sinuous. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); From Dongola to Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Blue +Nile, Kordofan, Darfur & Mongalla Provinces. + +Wood white, liable to attacks of insects, used for boat-building. Pod +fleshy, somewhat twisted, called KHARUMA by Arabs, good cattle fodder. + + +=A. Suma= _Kurz._ KAKAMŪT & SINEIN—Arab; PANKAJA (Dilling)—Nuba; FIIT +(Renk) & PAIT (Kaka)—Dinka; ODU—Hameg; NIARUD—Shilluk; NGWER—Nuer; +VURRA—Zande. + +Small to moderate-sized tree with dark, fissured bark. Prickles broad- +based, sharply recurved. Pinnæ 10-30 pairs, with a gland at the base of +each pair and another below the first pair; leaflets 30-50 pairs. +Flowers in pale-yellow spikes. Pods 3-4 in. long, crustaceous, brown +when ripe. + +Fung, White Nile & Kordofan Provinces; Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat +River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Mongalla Prov. + +Usually in more or less wet ground. Timber dark coloured, strong, used +in making ploughs. The wood probably yields a Catechu. + + +=A. hecatophylla= _Steud._ + +Tree, branches hoary-tomentose; prickles short, recurved. Pinnæ 10-30 +pairs; leaflets 30-50 pairs, larger than in _A. Suma_, Kurz, oblong, +obtuse. Flowering spikes white, solitary or fascicled. Pod oblong, +obtuse, coriaceous, 7 in. long. + +Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + + +=A. ataxacantha= _DC._ + +Small tree or shrub, with short, decurved, scattered prickles. Leaf- +rachis with a raised gland near the base; pinnæ 7-15 pairs; leaflets +20-40 pairs, linear-subfalcate. Flower spikes dense, white, solitary or +in pairs, axillary. Pod broad-linear, flat, papery. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Sabbi); Darfur Prov. (Kulme). + + +=A. macrostachya= _Reichenb._ + +Tree, green parts rusty-tomentose; prickles short, recurved, scattered. +Leaf-rachis with a sessile gland near the base; pinnæ 14-30 pairs; +leaflets 25-50 pairs, linear, subfalcate. Spikes 3-4 in. long, axillary, +fascicled. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. + + +=A. pennata= _Willd._ + +Scandent shrub; prickles sharp, recurved, scattered over branchlets, +under petioles and on inflorescence. Pinnæ 8-20 pairs; leaflets up to 70 +pairs. Flower-heads globular, white or pale yellow. Pod reddish-brown, +thin, ab. 4 in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé & Bongo-land). + + +=A. near reficiens= _Wawra_ & _Peyr._ SALGAM (Kordn.)—Arab; IMGYEN +(Dilling)—Nuba. + +Tree, in habit not unlike _A. spirocarpa_; twigs nodose; spines +straight, up to 1½ in. long. Flowers not seen; pods curved, somewhat +turgid. Bark dark and rough; heartwood dark brown. Leaflets about 15 +pairs, oblong, ⅙ in. long, ciliate. + +Nuba Mts. Prov. (from Sungikai South). + +Heartwood very dark brown. Exudes a gum. + + +=A. near gummifera= _Willd._ MIT—Bari. + +Tall tree, with habit and bark of _A. arabica_; timber light red, +without heartwood. Flowers not seen; pods curved, somewhat turgid. + +Mongalla Prov. (Sh. Tombé). + + +=A. near papyracea= _Hochst._ + +Prickles ⅙ in. long, hairy at the base. Leaflets about 15 pairs, oblong, +⅙ in. long, veinless, glabrous. Flowers in heads about ⅓ in. diam. +Fruits not seen. + +Kordofan Prov. (J. Kon). + + +=A. sp. near albida= _Del._ + +Small tree, 15-20 ft. high. Leaflets about 25 pairs, linear-oblong, +rounded at the apex, glaucous, ⅓ in. long, the lowermost pair very +small. Flowers in spikes, white; pod not seen. + +Mongalla Prov. (Lado). + + +=A. Farnesiana= _Willd._ + +Shrub; spines straight, stipular. Pinnæ 4-8 pairs; leaflets 12-20 pairs. +Flower-heads globose, deep yellow, sweet-scented; pod 2-3 in. long, +turgid. + +Introduced. + + +288 =Albizzia amara= _Boivin._ ARRADA—Arab; SUK (J. Daier), ORBOL +(Dilling) & MINKIGILI (Kadugli)—Nuba; MĪLLOA (Goz El Siada)—Dinka; +BIMYA—Burun. + +Unarmed moderate-sized to large tree. Leaves bipinnate; pinnæ 10-20 +pairs; leaflets 25-35 pairs, linear. Flower-heads dense, ab. 1 in. in +diameter, yellow or pinkish. Pod linear-oblong, 4-8 in. long, edges +undulate. + +Blue Nile Prov. (Sheikh Talha); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan +Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (between Meshra El Rek & Tonj); Darfur +Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Goz El Siada). + +Timber strong; yields a gum. + + +=A. anthelmintica= _A. Brongn._ TĀKIRNI, UMTAKIRNI, UMGIRSH & GERFET EL +DŪD (All Kordofan)—Arab; EIBELAINY (Dilling)—Nuba; AGWAR—Shilluk. + +Moderate-sized tree, with smooth, grey bark, unarmed. Leaves bipinnate +with 1 or more sessile glands on the rachis. Pinnæ 1-4 pairs; leaflets +2-5 pairs, the upper larger, sometimes up to 1¾ in. long, obliquely +obovate, mucronate. Flower-heads fascicled or solitary in upper axils, +whitish. Pod 2-6 in. long, sinuous, crustaceous. + +White Nile Prov.; Kordofan & Nuba Mts. Prov. (from Habbania southwards); +Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf W.S.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar +Fertit: Deim Guju). + +Heartwood red, very hard, durable, works well. The bark (?) is used by +Abyssinians against Tape-worm. + + +=A. ferruginea= _Benth._ ?SIAP—Dinka; BEKILI & BIRI—Golo; M’BALIM—Bongo; +N’ZANGARNE—Zande. + +Medium-sized tree with rusty pubescence. Pinnæ 3-6 pairs; leaflets 8-16 +pairs, oblong, obtuse, ab. ½ in. long. Flower-heads capitate, more or +less silky. Pod straight, linear, 4-6 in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. + + +=A. Lebbek= _Benth._ LABAKH, LEBBEK—Arab. + +Large tree with dark-grey bark. Pinnæ 2-4 pairs; leaflets 5-9 pairs, +rather large, unequal sided. Flowers white in few flowered heads. Pod up +to 12 in. long, up to 2 in. wide, linear-oblong, thin, pale yellow. + +Introduced as a shade-tree. + +Wood handsome, brown, fine grained, takes a good polish, is known in the +trade as “Indian Walnut.” Does not last long in exposed situations. The +bark is used for tanning and the seeds are astringent. The tree yields a +gum not unlike Gum-arabic. + + +=A. Aylmeri= _Hutch._ SEREIRA, GARADAYA—Arab. + +Large tree, 75 ft. high, 8 ft. in girth. Leaflets oblong-elliptic, +rounded on one side, cuneate on the other at the base, 1-1½ in. long, +½-1 in. broad, glaucous green and puberulous below, with about 8 pairs +of looped lateral nerves. Peduncle 1½ in. long, thinly pubescent. Calyx- +lobes villous. Fruit 8 in. long, 1¼ in. broad, glabrous, obscurely +transversely nervose. + +Fung Prov. (River Dinder). + + +=A. Brownei= _Walp._ ?ĀKATAGAN—Jur. + +Moderate-sized tree. Leaf-rachis with 1 sessile gland at base and +another between uppermost pinnæ; pinnæ 2-3 pairs; leaflets 3-5 pairs, +rhomboid to ovate, up to 3 in. long. Flower-heads forming broad +corymbose racemes, 3-4 in. long. Pod linear-oblong, 4-6 in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur & Bongo-lands, Dar Fertit); Mongalla Prov. +(Yambi Khor). + +Wood is durable and suitable for building purposes. + + +=A. Welwitschii= _Oliv._ + +Large tree, up to 80 ft. high; extremities glabrous or tawny-puberulous. +Leaf-rachis 3-10 in. long, with 1 gland near the base and 1 or more +above; pinnæ 3-5 pairs; leaflets 4-8 pairs obliquely ovate to rhomboid, +up to 2 in. long. Flower-heads forming short terminal corymbs or 1-2 +together, axillary. Pod straight or slightly curved, 4-5 in. long. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli). + + +=A. sp.= MANDOMI—Bari. + +Tree, 30-40 ft. Leaflets 4 pairs, very obliquely oblong, about 1½ in. +long, ¾ in. broad, glabrous, except the puberulous midrib. Fruits 5½ in. +long, 1 in. broad, reticulate. + +Mongalla Prov. (Sillitoe No. 191). + + +=A. sp.= BENDE—Golo or Dinka. + +Fruits flat, 5 in. long, 1 in. broad, glabrous. Seeds broadly elliptic, +flat, ½ in. long, with a large wrinkled aril. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (by the Pongo River, 8° N.L.) + + + =PAPILIONACEÆ.= + + +289 =Lotononis Leobordea= _Benth._ + +Small procumbent herb, silky pubescent. Flowers 2-5, sessile, in axils +of 3-fol. leaves; calyx with 4 upper teeth more or less connate; corolla +yellow; stamens 10, monadelphous, the tube slit along the top. Pod +length of calyx, linear-oblong, turgid. + +Red Sea Prov. (Dongonab). + + +290 =Rothia hirsuta= _Baker._ + +Small annual; corolla white to pale violet; stamens 10, monadelphous; +tubes slit along the top; calyx deeply 5-cleft. Pod lanceolate, +inflated. Leaves 3-fol. + +Khartoum & Kordofan Provinces. + + +291 =Crotalaria thebaica= _DC._ TAKTAKA (Atbara), UMANKEIT or NUTTASH +(N. Kordn.)—Arab. + +Shrubby herb; flowers pale yellow; stamens 10, monadelphous, in a tube +slit along the top; style abruptly bent upwards in this genus; pod ¼ in. +long. Leaves simple, sessile, oblong, silky. + +North Sudan; Between Goz Regeb & Kassala; Berber Prov. (Atbara); +Kordofan Prov. (North & West); Darfur Prov. (60 m. N.E. of El Fasher). + +Used as one of the ingredients to cure gonorrhœa. + + +=C. Vogelii= _Benth._ + +Erect, hairy herb, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves simple, linear to linear- +lanceolate. Flowers in lax racemes, yellow, veined purple. Pod ⅜ in. +long, linear-oblong. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=C. calycina= _Schrank._ + +Erect herb, 1-2 ft. high, or more, very hairy; leaves variable, nearly +sessile, simple. Flowers large, hairy, yellow, 4-8 in terminal racemes, +peduncles stout, deflexed in fruit, bracts in pairs, beneath each +flower; calyx large, equalling petals; pod rather short, glabrous. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=C. sphærocarpa= _Guill._ & _Perr._ + +Annual with 3-fol. leaves; leaflets sessile, linear-oblong. Flowers in +long-stalked, lax racemes; cor. yellow. Pod roundish-oblong, ⅙ in. long. + +Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land & Niamniam-land). + +=var. angustifolia= _Hochst._ + +Leaflets linear-oblong, sessile, glabrous above, appressed-pubescent +below. Racemes many-flowered, 3-6 in. long. Pods sessile, obovoid, ¼ in. +long, pubescent, often 2-seeded. + +Kordofan & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces. + +=var. grandiflora= _Schwfth._ + +Leaflets linear-oblanceolate. Flowers larger: keel ¼-⅓ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land). + + +=C. atrorubens= _Hochst._ + +Herb 18 in. to 3 ft. high; corolla yellow, tinged with red; pod sessile, +⅜ in. long, silky. Leaves nearly sessile; leaflets 3, subsessile, +terminal, one oblanceolate, silky beneath. + +Kordofan Prov., Darfur Prov. (Kulme). + + +=C. ononoides= _Benth._ + +Herb. Leaves trifoliate, leaflets oblong-elliptic or lanceolate, acute, +1-2 in. long, pubescent below. Pod sessile, glabrous, ⅓ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Addai). + + +=C. lupinioides= _Hochst._ + +Shrubby plant. Fl. yellow in elongate racemes; pod much curved upwards, +filled with silky hairs. Leaflets 3, subsessile. + +Nubia (between Suakin & Berber); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Berber Prov. + + +=C. spinosa= _Hochst._ + +Shrubby, spiny annual, 6-18 in. high. Leaflets 3, emarginate. Flowers +yellow, solitary or in pairs from the axils of spines. + +Widely distributed in White Nile & Bahr El Jebel; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land: Nganye). + + +=C. laburnifolia= _Linn._ + +Semi-shrubby herb. Leaves 3-fol.; keel of corolla very long-beaked; pod +long-stalked, inflated. + +Darfur Prov. (Kulme). + + +=C. near laburnifolia= _Linn._ + +Shrub plant, under cultivation reaching 8-10 ft. in height. Corolla +yellow, not streaked with purple; keel much recurved. + +Nuba Mts. Prov. (Dilling). + + +=C. polysperma= _Kotschy._ + +Rufous, villous herb. Leaflets 3, short-stalked, obovate-oblong. Flowers +6-8, in lax, lateral, long-peduncled racemes. + +White Nile Prov. + + +=C. polysperma= _Kotschy._ =subspecies C. Grantii= _Baker._ TAKTAKA +(Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; DIAGNE (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka. + +Villous herb; corolla blue in bud. Pod subsessile, turgid, with fine +brown hairs; seeds 30-40. + +Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf & southwards). + + +=C. intermedia= _Kotschy._ + +Annual, 2-3 ft. high. Corolla usually yellow, but in specimens from the +Bahr El Jebel it is much streaked with purple and sometimes quite +purple. + +Upper Nile Prov. (Tonga: Ragaba); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land); +Mongalla Prov. (Gemeiza & Mongalla); Darfur Prov. (Zalingei); Fung Prov. +(Jongol’s Post). + +The Bongos make strong string from its fibre. + + +=C. brevidens= _Benth._ + +Erect herb. Leaflets 3, subsessile, glabrous, linear. Flowers in few- +flowered terminal racemes. Pod cylindrical, glabrous, 1½ in. long. + +Nubia. + + +=C. cannabina= _Schwfth._ URU—Golo; KHOLO—Bongo; AWIRKI—Zande. + +Tall, shrubby herb, erect, stems sulcate, winged. Leaves 3-foliolate; +leaflets oblong or oblong-elliptic, 2-4½ in. long. Flowers large, +numerous, in racemes. Pods oblong-cylindric, 1½-2 in. long, becoming +glabrous. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land, Niamniam & Bongo lands). + +The fibre is used for ropes and in Bongo-land the plant is cultivated. + + +=C. maxillaris= _Klotzsch._ ABKILEH (Atbara) SAFEIRA, SABARIG & TAWILA +(Abu Haraz, Blue Nile)—Arab. + +Shrubby herb, 2-3 ft. high, downy. Leaflets 3, subsessile, oblong. +Racemes terminal, many-flowered; corolla yellow. Pod oblong, very silky, +⅜ in. long. + +Berber Prov. (near El Damer); Blue Nile Prov. (Abu Haraz); White Nile +Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (Tueir & El Greo); Darfur Prov. + + +=C. Forbesii= _Baker._ + +Undershrub, 12-18 in. high, densely grey-downy. Flowers yellowish, +axillary, solitary or in pairs. Pod silky, under ½ in. long. + +Fung Prov. (Abu Naama). + + +=C. Dilloniana= _Baker._ + +Herb; leaflets 3, glabrous, central one 3½ in. long and 1 in. broad. Pod +¾ in. long, linear, deflexed on elongated terminal racemes. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +=C. Quartiniana= _A. Rich._ + +Silky herb, 1 ft. high. Leaflets 3, central one 1½ in. long. Racemes +lateral, 3-4 flowered; corolla reddish. Pod 1 in. long and ½ in. thick, +glabrous. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s post); Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); +Darfur Prov. (Zalingei); Kordofan (Obeid). + + +=C. microphylla= _Vahl._ + +Tufted herb, up to 1 ft. high. Leaflets 3, very small, sessile. Flowers +axillary, solitary or in pairs, yellow. Pod oblong, glabrous, under ½ +in. long. + +Red Sea Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Geteina). + + +=C. microcarpa= _Hochst._ + +Herb, 6-12 in. high, thinly brown-silky. Leaflets 3, central one ½ in. +long, linear-oblong. Flowers yellow, in clusters of 2-4. Pod ¼ in. long, +silky. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol). + +=var. Dawei= _Baker fil._ + +Kordofan & Darfur Provinces. + +Rather woody; cor. tinged with red. Leaves rather broader than in type. + +Mongalla Prov. (Bari-land). + +=var. Sudanica= _Baker fil._ + +Slender annual. Leaves narrow, ashy grey; racemes lax, 2-3 flowered. Pod +sessile, sub-globose. + +Nuba Mts. Prov. + + +=C. podocarpa= _DC._ + +Herb 1-2 ft. high. Leaflets 3, sessile, oblanceolate. Flowers axillary, +2-3 together, yellow. Pod up to 1 in. long and ½ in. thick. + +White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol). + + +=C. goreensis= _Guill._ & _Perr._ + +Shrubby herb, 1-3 ft. high. Stipules ¼ to ½ in. long, lanceolate- +falcate. Flowers 10-20 in dense heads, yellow tinged with red. Pod +oblong ¾ in. long. + +Nubia; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé). + + +=C. Deflersii= _Schwfth._ (= =C. senegalensis= _Bacle_). FARTAGA (Bl. +Nile)—Arab. + +Bushy herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves 3-fol.; leaflets sessile, oblong to +oblanceolate. Racemes terminal, 20-30 flowered; corolla bright yellow. +Pod about ½ in. long, 10-12 seeded. + +Red Sea Prov.; Blue Nile Prov. (Upper); White Nile Prov. (Hillet Abbas); +Kordofan Prov. (Abu Gerad). + + +=C. elata= _Welw._ + +Erect undershrub, 2-3 ft. high. Leaflets 3, oblong-lanceolate, adpressed +brown silky below. Flowers yellow, 1 in. long, 3-6 together on short +leaf-opposed peduncles. Pod oblong, subsessile 1½ in. long, with dense +brown silky hairs. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +=C. pycnostachya= _Benth._ + +Herb, about 18 in. high. Leaflets 3, central one 1 in. long. Flowers +20-50 in dense lateral racemes 2-3 in. long. Pod cylindrical, ⅜ in. +long, downy. + +Fung Prov. (near Roseires). + + +=C. astragalina= _Hochst._ + +Herb, about 1 ft. high. Leaflets 3, central one 1½ in. long. Flowers +6-12 in dense lateral racemes, yellow, streaked with purple. Pod +cylindrical, ½ in. long. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: by the Gendua River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land). + + +=C. bongensis= _Baker fil._ + +Annual with slender branches. Leaves simple, linear-lanceolate, 3-5 cm. +long, 0.5 cm. broad, pilose beneath. Racemes axillary. Flowers small. +Pod subsessile, oblong, 7-8 cm. long, at first densely pubescent, +8-seeded. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir, Jur-land: Jur Ghattas). + + +=C. retusa= _Linn._ URU—Golo. + +Woody herb. Leaves simple, oblanceolate, sessile, 2 in. long. Racemes +4-6 in. long, terminal. Corolla yellow. Pod linear, 1½ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. + +The fibre is used for ropes and nets. + + +=C. falcata= _Vahl._ + +Shrubby, 2-3 ft. high. Leaflets 3, obovate, central one 1½ in. long. +Racemes lax, terminal and axillary; cor. yellow, keel much upcurved. Pod +1½ in. long, cylindrical. + +Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat River, Nasser). + + +=C. striata= _DC._ BIRBUS—Arab; URU—Golo. + +Erect woody herb, up to 6 ft. high. Pod glabrous, 20-30 seeded, ½ in. +long. Cor. bright yellow. Leaflets 3. + +Nubia; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post). + +The fibre is used in the Bahr El Ghazal for making nets for catching big +game. + + +=C. zanzibarica= _Benth._ + +Small undershrub. Flowers yellow; legumes oblong. Racemes terminal of +10-20 flowers. + +Upper White Nile Prov. (between Abwong & Nasser). + + +=C. platycalyx= _Steud._ + +Bushy herb; cor. white or yellow; keel long-beaked, much upcurved. +Racemes lateral, few-flowered. Pod long-stalked, cylindrical, ab. 1½ in. +long. Leaflets 3, central one 2½ in. long. + +Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf to Malakal). + + +292 =Lupinus Termis= _Forsk._ TIRMIS—Arab. + +Silky herb, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves digitate, 5-7 fol. Racemes of 4-12 +flowers. Cor. blue and white. Pod 3 in. long and ab. ½ in. thick. + +Sudan North. + +Cultivated for the seed which is highly nutritious and credited with +mild medicinal properties. + + +293 =Argyrolobium abyssinicum= _Jaub._ & _Spach._ + +Herb, 6-18 in. high. Leaves 3-fol.; leaflets linear or oblanceolate. +Racemes axillary, 2-3 flowered; calyx bilabiate, the two upper teeth +free; cor. pale yellow. Pod linear, grey silky, ab. 1 in. long. + +Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (21°-22° N.L.); Blue Nile Prov. (Upper). + + +=A. Schimperianum= _Hochst._ + +Small shrub. Leaves 3-fol.; leaflets obovate, blunt, not more than 1 in. +long. Flowers 3-8 in terminal heads, yellow. Pod linear brown-silky. + +Kordofan Prov. + + +294 =Trigonella Fœnum-græcum= _Linn._ HELBA—Arab. + +Annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaflets 3, obovate-cuneate. Flowers yellow, +solitary or in pairs, axillary. Pod linear-falcate, 2-4 in. long. + +Northern Sudan. (Cultivated as a vegetable.) + +The seeds yield a yellow dye; the yellow decoction gives a fine +permanent green with Sulphate of Copper. Medicinally the seeds are used +to cure dyspepsia, diarrhœa and dysentery. + + +=T. hamosa= _Linn._ + +Annual. Leaflets 3, obovate-cuneate, the upper margin inciso-crenate. +Flowers yellow, 6-12 in axillary racemes. Pod linear-falcate. + +Dongola Prov. (Opposite Letti); Berber Prov. (Shendi); Khartoum; White +Nile; Kordofan Prov. (Habaga). + + +=T. occulta= _Del._ + +Annual; leaflets toothed near apex; stipules deeply laciniate from the +apex. Flowers yellow, in axillary clusters of 2-4. Pod elliptical, +reticulated. + +Khartoum, Fung & Kordofan Provinces. + +The seeds are sometimes used for dysentery; the plants and pods are +eaten as a pot-herb. + + +=T. laciniata= _Linn._ + +Diffuse glabrous annual. Stipules laciniate; leaflets 3, deeply +serrated. Racemes of 6-12 axillary, yellow flowers. Pod linear oblong, +transversely veined. + +Dongola Prov. + + +295 =Medicago sativa= _Linn._ BERSĪM HEGAZI—Arab. Lucerne. + +Herb; pod spirally contorted, so as to form 2 or 3 flat spires. Leaflets +3, linear-oblanceolate, serrate on upper margin; stipules narrow. +Flowers violet or blue, in axillary racemes. + +Introduced. + +The Arabian variety is mostly cultivated in the Sudan. Under irrigation +it is an excellent fodder crop. + + +296 =Trifolium fragiferum= _Linn._ + +Herb; heads globular; flowers small; calyx inflated after flowering. +Leaflets 3, obovate, toothed. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit). + + +=T. procumbens= _Linn._ + +Slender, glabrous or slightly downy annual; flower-heads loosely +globular. Leaflets obovate or obcordate, toothed. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit). + + +=T. alexandrinum= _Linn._ BERSĪM BALADI—Arab. + +Glabrous herb, 1-2 ft. high. Flowers 20-30 in. in dense oblong, long- +stalked heads, yellow. Pod minute. Leaflets sessile, obovate-cuneate, +toothed. + +Northern Sudan (cultivated). + + +297 =Lotus nubicus= _Hochst._ + +Procumbent herb, 3-6 in. high; leaves pinnate; leaflets 3-5, the lowest +pair close to the axil. Flowers reddish-yellow, 1-4 together with a +leaflet-like bract at the base of the cluster. Pod linear-oblong, small. + +Red Sea Prov. (Dongonab, etc.); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol, etc.). + + +=L. arabicus= _Linn._ LŪTABELAIN (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; AKIA (Meshra El +Zeraf)—Dinka. + +Prostrate or procumbent herb with thick rootstock. Leaflets 5. Flowers +reddish, 2-4 together with a leaflet-like bract. Pod linear, slightly +torulose up to 1½ in. long. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L. & Akik); Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Fung +Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf to Khor +Attar). + +It is said to be poisonous to cattle when young. + + +=L. glinoides= _Del._ + +Shrubby herb, 6-12 in. high. Leaflets 5. Flowers reddish, 1-4 together, +with a 3-fol. bract. Pod linear, subtorulose. + +Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Dongonab). + + +=L. Garcini= _DC._ + +Shrubby herb, 6-12 in. high. Leaflets 3. Flowers reddish, solitary, +axillary sessile. Pod linear, nearly ½ in. long. + +White Nile Prov. + + +=L. sp. near L. Ehrenbergii= _Schwfth._ + +Small herb, woody at base; stems and leaves villous; leaflets very +small, obovate. Flowers 3-4 in a cluster, pink. Pods linear, ¾ in. long, +pilose. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit). + + +=L. corniculatus= _Linn._ + +Decumbent or ascending herb, usually small; leaflets 5, of which the +lower pair is close to the stem; flowers in an umbel of 5 or more; pod +cylindrical. + +Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: high elevation). + + +=L. sp.= + +Stems elongated, sparsely leafy, pilose. Leaves small, villous. Flowers +½ in. long; calyx lobes subulate, 2 mm. long. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.). + + +298 =Psoralea plicata= _Del._ RUBL or RUML (N. Kordn.)—Arab; +HURGIG—Hadendowa. + +Low spiny shrub. Leaflets 3, deeply crenate and silvery pubescent. +Flowers 4-6 in axillary spikes; cor. creamy white. Pod villose, black. + +Kassala Prov. (Um Adam); Berber Prov. (Nile banks); Blue Nile Prov. +(Rufaa); Fung Prov. (Singa); Kordofan Prov. + + +299 =Cyamopsis senegalensis= _Guill._ & _Perr._ + +Herb, 6-12 in. high. Leaves 3-7 pinnately fol. Flowers 4-6 in axillary +racemes, reddish. Pod linear, subtetragonous. + +Between Suakin & Berber (Wadi Dimehadit); White Nile Prov. (J. +Arashkol). + + +300 =Indigofera linifolia= _Retz._ + +Annual, 6-9 in. high; leaves simple; pod globose. Flowers red, in +axillary racemes. Anthers, in this genus, with apiculate connective. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat). + +It is given medicinally in febrile eruptions. + + +=I. Dewevrei= _M. Mich._ + +Undershrub; stems angular. Leaves simple, linear, very acute, 2-2½ in. +long, shortly strigose-pubescent on both sides. Fls. axillary, solitary. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir). + + +=I. tetrasperma= _Schum._ & _Thonn._ + +Much branched undershrub, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves simple linear. Flowers +scarlet, 1-2 in axils of leaves. Pod linear with a mucro. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Agada, Bongo-land: Sabbi). + + +=I. bongensis= _Kotschy_ & _Peyr._ + +Small procumbent herb. Leaves simple, obovate. Fl. purple, in axillary +racemes. Pod narrow-linear, silky, ¾ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land & Bongo-land). + + +=I. achyranthoides= _Taubert._ + +Stems short from a woody rhizome, minutely pubescent. Leaves simple, +obovate-oblanceolate, acutely mucronate, very closely appressed- +puberulous. Racemes spike-like, axillary, 3½ in. long. Fls. at length +reflexed; calyx-lobes subulate. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau). + + +=I. Schweinfurthii= _Taubert._ + +Leaves simple or up to 4-foliate; leaflets linear-oblanceolate acutely +mucronate, up to 2 in. long and ⅙ in. broad, appressed-setulose. Racemes +much longer than the leaves. Fls. very small. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Kutshuk Ali & Bongo-land: by the Lehsi +River). + + +=I. arenaria= _A. Rich._ + +Small herb densely branched from base. Leaves usually simple rarely 3-5 +fol. Flowers axile in subsessile abbreviated racemes; cor. bright +purple. Pod narrow-linear, silky, ½ in. long. + +Suakin to Berber (Obak); Dongola Prov. + + +=I. pulchra= _Vahl._ + +Undershrub, 2-5 ft. high. Leaflets 3-7. Infl. various, panicled or +solitary; cor. scarlet, silky outside. Pod small, oblong, villose. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Kutshuk Ali). + + +=I. diphylla= _Vent._ + +Woolly herb or undershrub, up to 2 ft. high. Leaflets 2, terminal one +longer. Fl. pink in short dense, axillary racemes. Pod linear, beaked +silky, ½ in. long. + +Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (50 m. east of El Fasher). + + +=I. bracteolata= _DC._ DERMA (N. Kordn.)—Arab. + +Undershrub, 1-2 ft. high. Leaflets 3-5. Racemes with a leaflet-like +bract at the base of each reddish flower. Pod small, oblong, mucronate. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); North Kordofan Prov. (W. of Mazrul); Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=I. strobilifera= _Hochst._ + +Herb, 1 ft. high. Leaflets 5-7. Flowers in dense heads with large +roundish bracts concealing the flowers. Pod small, oblong, subterete, +mucronate. + +White Nile & Kordofan Provinces. + + +=I. spinosa= _Forsk._ SANGADD—Hadendowa. + +Branched shrub, with rigid spines 1½ in. long. Leaves simple and 3-fol. +Flowers red, solitary from the spines. Pod ½ in. long, linear, +mucronate, subtorulose. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit to 22° N.L.); between Suakin and Berber (Wadi +Arab). + + +=I. sparsa= _Baker._ =var. bongensis= _Baker fil._ + +Herb 9 in. high. Leaflets 3-7. Flowers red, solitary or in pairs, +axillary. Pod linear, glabrous. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir). + + +=I. suaveolens= _Jaub._ & _Spach._ + +Woody erect herb. Leaflets 3. Flowers solitary to 4 clustered laxly. Pod +linear, subtetragonous, 1 in. long. + +Kordofan & Darfur Provinces; Bahr El Jebel (Madi); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s +Post). + + +=I. viscosa= _Lam._ + +Herb, 1-4 ft. high, branches clothed with glandular hairs; leaflets +7-13. Racemes axillary, 4-6 flowered. Cor. reddish. Pod linear, 1 in. +long. + +Fung. Prov. (Saoleil); Kordofan Prov. (Abu Gerad). + + +=I. pilosa= _Vahl._ + +Small herb, densely silky. Leaflets 3. Flowers solitary to 4 together, +axillary, pink. Pod linear, black when ripe. + +Nuba Mts. Prov. (Um Durein); Mongalla Prov. (Gondokoro). + + +=I. dendroides= _Jacq._ + +Erect herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaflets 21-31. Racemes lax, 8-12 flowered; +cor. pink. Pod narrow-linear, 1½ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Addai). + + +=I. parviflora= _Heyne._ + +Herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaflets 5-7. Fl. lilac, in short axillary racemes. +Pod linear, deflexed, silvery when young. + +Nubia; Kordofan Prov. (Abu Gerad); Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El +Zeraf); Mongalla Prov. + + +=I. stenophylla= _Guill._ & _Perr._ + +Tall herb. Leaflets 7-13 short pet.; flowers purple or pink in lax +axillary racemes. Pod linear-mucronate, up to 2 in. long. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); White Nile Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. + + +=I. Welwitschii= _Baker._ + +Branched annual, 1 ft. high. Leaflets 3. Racemes of 4-9 bright red +flowers. Pod linear, upcurved. + +Bahr El Ghazal (Bongo-land: Addai & Gir). + + +=I. pseudo-subulata= _Baker fil._ + +Herb, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves pinnately trifoliolate; leaflets oblong or +narrowly obovate. Racemes many-coloured; peduncle whitish hairy. Pod +straight, recurved at the apex, hairy. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Sabbi & Niamniam-land: by the +Nabambisso River). + + +=I. subulata= _Vahl._ + +Annual or biennial, 2-3 ft. high. Leaflets 5. Racemes lax, axillary, of +ab. 20 flowers; cor. lilac. Pods narrow-linear, deflexed, 1-2 in. long. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.). + + +=I. hirsuta= _Linn._ + +Villous herb, 2-3 ft. high, with spreading reddish hair. Leaves 5-7 fol. +Racemes dense, 2-5 in. long; cor. scarlet; pods deflexed, hairy, linear +¾ in. long. + +Blue Nile Prov. (J. Moya); White Nile Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. +(Opposite Tonga); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Um Durein); Mongalla Prov. (Kagulu, +Yei River District); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +=I. paucifolia= _Del._ DAHASSIR—Arab; LO (Kenissa)—Dinka. + +Bushy undershr. with variable leaves; leaflets 3-7; pods torulose, +linear, hoary. Flowers in dense axillary racemes; cor. scarlet, silvery +outside. + +Northern Sudan; Blue Nile, White Nile, Kordofan, Darfur & Mongalla +Provinces. + +Good camel fodder. The root, boiled in milk used as a purgative. + + +=I. oblongifolia= _Forsk._ DAHASSIR (Blue Nile)—Arab. + +Shrub, silver in all its parts. Leaflets 3-5, obovate-oblong, appressed +pubescent on both surfaces, about ½ in. long. Pod torulose, glaucous, +6-8-seeded, ⅔ in. long. + +Khartoum Prov. (6th Cataract); Blue Nile and Kordofan Provinces. + + +=I. astragalina= _DC._ + +Herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaflets 7-11, white hairy. Racemes dense, 1-4 in. +long. Cor. yellow; pods narrow-linear, ½ in. long. + +Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Surutj). + + +=I. alternans= _DC._ + +Prostrate herb with silvery hairs. Leaflets 7-9. Racemes dense 12-20 +flowered. Cor. violet; pods deflected, linear, ½ in. long. + +Darfur Prov. (foothills of Jeb. Marra 5,000 ft.). + +=var. paucijuga= _Schwfth._ + +Leaflets 3-5. Pods ⅓ in. long. + +Between Suakin & Berber (Wadi Haraza). + + +=I. semitrijuga= _Forsk._ EL SHEREI’A (N. Kordn.)—Arab. + +Bushy herb, glaucous-silvery. Leaflets 3 pairs and an odd one, which is +stalked. Racemes 6-12 flowered. Pods linear, ¾ in. long. + +Red Sea Prov. (coast); between Suakin & Berber; Berber Prov. (near Abu +Hamed); Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov. + + +=I. Garckeana= _Vatke._ + +Shrub with winged stems. Leaves pinnate. Leaflets 7-11, ovate or +elliptic, 1½-2 cm. long, about 1 cm. broad, finely appressed-pubescent. +Racemes dense, ¾ as long as the leaves, with long linear bracts. Pods +reflexed, 2 in. long, strigose. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +=I. Quartiniana= _A. Rich._ + +Undershrub, 2-3 ft. high. Leaflets 5-7, thinly silky. Racemes short; +cor. purplish. Pod linear, spreading, 1½ in. long. + +Red Sea Prov. (coast, 22° N.L.). + + +=I. Binderi= _Kotschy._ + +Scabrous undershrub. Leaflets 3-7, obovate, emarginate and mucronate. +Racemes of ab. 20 flowers. + +White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Bongo-land: +Addai). + + +=I. Schimperi= _Jaub._ & _Spach._ + +Much branched shrub, up to 10 ft. high, silvery. Leaflets 5-7, obovate. +Flowers purplish, ab. 20 in close, axillary racemes. Pod linear, 1 in. +long, deflexed. + +Red Sea Prov. + + +=I. secundiflora= _Poir._ + +Bushy herb, clothed with red or greyish hairs mixed with stalked glands. +Leaves subsessile, 9-13 fol. Racemes dense; cor. reddish. Pod linear- +oblong, ¾ in. long. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=I. microcarpa= _Desv._ + +Canescent annual or biennial. Leaflets 8-12, opposite, oblanceolate, +rounded at the apex. Racemes rather lax-flowered, shorter than the +leaves. Pods ellipsoid, ⅙ in. long, strigose. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.). + + +=I. articulata= _Gouan._ + +Shrub, up to 12 ft. high, very glaucous. Leaflets 9, opposite, obovate, +appressed-pubescent. Racemes about ⅓ as long as the leaves. Pods sickle- +shaped, tomentose, torulose, ½ in. long. + +Red Sea Prov.; Berber Prov. (Barbadiap, Atbara); Blue Nile Prov. (J. +Kon); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé); Red Sea Prov. (Khor Aiet). + + +=I. argentea= _Linn._ NIL BALADI—Arab. + +Much-branched shrub, silvery. Leaflets 9, silvery on both sides, +obovate. Racemes of 12-20 yellow flowers. Pod falcate, terete, +deflected, ½ in. long. + +Nubia; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé). + +Yields an indigo. + + +=I. arrecta= _Hochst._ + +Much-branched shrub, silky. Leaflets 13-17, oblanceolate, turn black +when dried. Racemes of 6-12 yellow flowers. Pod deflexed, linear, up to +¾ in. long. + +Blue Nile Prov.; Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, near Gindi, 7,400 ft.); Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land & Mittu-land). + +The chief Indigo producing plant in Africa, largely cultivated in Java. + + +=I. tinctoria= _Linn._ + +Bushy shrub, 2-4 ft. high, with white appressed hairs. Leaflets 7-11; +pod linear, cylindrical, apiculate. + +Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov. (Rufaa); Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (El +Obeid); Mongalla Prov. (Kenissa). + +Yields a large percentage of the Indigo of commerce. It is also suitable +for green manure. + + +=I. emarginella= _Steud._ + +Undershrub, 3-4 ft. high, almost glabrous. Leaflets 9, obovate, apex +rounded, mucronate. Flowers yellow, in dense axillary conical racemes. +Pod narrow-linear, deflexed, ¾ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Sueh River). + + +=I. anabaptista= _Steud._ + +Branched shrub. Leaflets 3-5 oblong-oblanceolate up to 1 in. long, +appressed-pilose. Racemes very short. Flowers and pods reflexed, the +latter curved, flat, ¾ in. long, laxly pubescent. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Berber Prov. (Zeidab & Shendi); Fung Prov. +(Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (Abu Gerad). + + +=I. aspera= _Perr._ + +Herb, 1 ft. or more high. Leaflets 5, linear-lanceolate, silvery. +Flowers pink, 20-30 in axillary racemes, 2-3 in. long. Pod deflexed, +narrow-linear, 1 in. long. + +White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. + + +=I. arabica= _Jaub._ & _Spach._ + +Branched, bushy herb, silky. Leaflets 3-5 obovate, lateral ones often +folded, with decurved point. Racemes axillary short, of 6-10 scarlet +flowers. Pod linear-oblong, mucronate, subtorulose, under ½ in. long. + +White Nile Prov. + + +=I. cordifolia= _Roth._ + +Bushy herb, 6-9 in. high, densely villous. Leaves simple, cordate-ovate. +Flowers red, in dense axillary clusters, 3-6 together. Pods oblong, +cuspidate, minute. + +Nubia; Blue Nile & Kordofan Provinces. + + +=I. conjugata= _Baker_ + +Shrubby; branches almost 4-angled. Leaflets 3, the terminal one up to 2½ +in. long and up to ½ in. broad. Racemes axillary; short-stalked, of 20 +fl. and more. Cor. yellowish. Pod deflexed, linear, 1 in. long. + +White Nile Prov. + + +=I. capitata= _Kotschy._ + +Shrub. Leaflets 7-9. Flowers in dense, rounded terminal heads, 1 in. +broad; bracts pinnate. Pod oblong, small. + +White Nile & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces. + + +=I. parvula= _Del._ + +Trailing herb; leaflets 3, small cuneate. Flowers in lax, subsessile +clusters of 2-4. Pod linear, ½ in. long. + +Nubia; Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla). + + +=I. costata= _Guill._ & _Perr._ + +Scabrous herb. Leaflets 13-15. Racemes slender, axillary, 2-3 in. long. +Cor. pink. Pod linear, deflexed, 1 in. long. + +Darfur Prov. + + +=I. oxalidea= _Welw._ + +Small herb. Leaflets 3-5, the lateral ones alternate. Racemes lax, of +6-20 purplish flowers. Pod deflexed, linear, under ½ in. long; style +persistent. + +Fung Prov. (Harun forest); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla). + + +=I. endecaphylla= _Jacq._ + +Bushy herb, 1-3 ft. high. Leaflets 7-9, oblong. Racemes dense, 1-4 in. +long. Cor. purple. Pod linear, deflexed, ¾ in. long. + +Nubia; Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Mongalla +Prov. (Mongalla). + + +=I. orthocarpa= _Baker._ + +Branched undershrub; pods cylindrical, straight, deflexed. Leaflets +9-13, obovate. Racemes sessile, 10-20 flowered; cor. yellow. + +Nubia (from Berber southwards); Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; White +Nile Prov. (Jebelein); Kordofan Prov. + + +=I. suffruticosa= _Mill._ + +Undershrub. Leaflets about 10, oblong or obovate. Pods much curved, ⅔ +in. long. + +Blue Nile Prov. (J. Moya). + + +=I. tritoides= _Baker._ + +Prostrate herb. Leaflets 3, obovate, very acute, up to 1 in. long, +densely appressed-pilose. Racemes elongated, lax-flowered. Pods nearly +straight, 1¾ in. long, shortly pubescent. + +Nubia (Suakin to Berber). + + +=I. near Bainesii= _Baker._ + +Erect undershrub; pods recurved, nearly ½ in. long. Leaves simple, +narrowly obovate, ⅓ in. long, closely appressed hairy. + +Red Sea Prov. (Port Sudan & Dongonab). + + +301 =Helminthocarpum abyssinicum= _A. Rich._ + +Wiry, silky herb, 1 ft. high. Leaflets 7. Flowers 4-6 together in short- +stalked axillary heads. Cor. yellow and red, twice the length of calyx. +Pods small, spirally twisted, of 1 spiral only or less. + +Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 7,000 ft.). + + +302 =Biserula Pelecinus= _L._ + +Slender herb. Leaves pinnate. Leaflets about 12 pairs, obovate, widely +emarginate, ⅙ in. long, pilose. Flowers in axillary racemes, few. Fruits +flat, 1 in. long, with broad dentate wings. + +Darfur Prov. (J. Kurku: Darfur Plain, 3,600 ft.). + + +303 =Tephrosia humilis= _Guill._ & _Perr._ + +Herb, under 1 ft. high. Leaflets 9-11, linear-oblong, silky beneath. +Racemes leaf-opposed, of 6-12 pink flowers; anthers, in this genus, not +apiculate. Pod downy, linear, upcurved, up to 2 in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=T. nana= _Kotschy._ + +Small herb; leaflets 9-11, linear-oblanceolate. Racemes leaf-opposed, of +6-12 purple flowers. Pod linear, falcate, silky. + +Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf). + + +=T. Vogelii= _Hook. f._ DAWA NA SAMAKI—Arab (Tuku-Tuku dialect). + +Shrub, 10 ft. high, with rusty-silky tomentum. Racemes terminal, of +20-30 flowers, 4-6 in. long. Cor. violet, rarely white, ab. 1 in. deep; +style bearded. Pod 5 in. long, ½ in. broad, brown-velvety. Leaflets +17-25. + +Mongalla Prov. (Opari District); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the +Yuru River). + +Used to stupefy fish, the leaves and branches are pounded and thrown on +the surface of the water; the fish rise after a few minutes and are +quite wholesome and fit for food. + + +=T. aff. T. hirtæ.= _Boj._ + +Stout, bushy herb with fulvous hairs; pods densely villous. + +Mongalla Prov. + + +=T. Kotschyana= _Hochst._ + +Leaflets linear-lanceolate, about 2 in. long, finely appressed pilose +below; lateral nerves numerous, ascending. Racemes long-stalked, lax- +flowered. Pods falcate, 2 in. long, puberulous, about 10-seeded. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat). + + +=T. linearis= _Pers._ + +Copiously branched perennial. Leaflets 5-17 linear, grey-hairy. Racemes +lax, 4-8 flowered. Cor. reddish. Pod linear, 1-2 in. long, narrow, +downy. + +Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Niamniam-land). + + +=T. nubica= _Baker._ UM SABA (Medani)—Arab. + +Much-branched undershrub, 12-18 in. high; stems woolly. Racemes terminal +or leaf-opposed, 6-12 flowered; cor. pink. Pods densely white-silky, +1-seeded. + +Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (J. Serg). + + +=T. obcordata= _Baker._ IDEINAT EL FAR (N. Kordn.)—Arab. + +Woody herb or undershrub. Stem and leaves white woolly. Plant often +adorned by white feathery tassel-like galls. Leaves subsessile, simple, +obcordate. + +Kordofan Prov.; Darfur-Kordofan border, 13° N. Lat. + + +=T. rigida= _Baker._ + +Undershrub. Leaflets 13-17, linear. Racemes terminal, dense, 2-4 in. +long. Cor. pale-red. Pod 2 in. long, ¼ in. broad, slightly upcurved. + +Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + + +=T. purpurea= _Pers._ + +Much-branched perennial, 1-2 ft. high; leaflets 5-10 pair and a terminal +one, on pilose stalk; pods ab. 1½ in. linear, slightly curved, +mucronate. + +Kordofan Prov. (El Obeid). + +Fresh root-bark ground and made into a pill with a little black pepper, +is frequently given in cases of obstinate colic. + +=var. pubescens= _Baker._ + +Darfur Prov. + + +=T. leptostachya= _DC._ + +Stems ultimately glabrous, but pod silky, slightly falcate, 1¾ in. long. +Leaflets about 14, mucronate, 1 in. long, shortly appressed-pubescent. +Flowers few, in long lax racemes. + +Fung Prov. (Disa); Kordofan Prov. (Abu Gerad). + + +=T. Apollinea= _DC._ AMAYOK—Arab. + +Bushy herb, 12-18 in. high. Leaflets 5-9, oblong. Racemes terminal or +lateral, loosely 6-12 flowered; cor. red. Pod narrow-linear, 1½ in. +long. + +Red Sea Prov. (22° N.L.); Wadi Halfa; Dongola Prov. (Merowe); Berber +Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov. (Medani); Fung Prov.; Kordofan +Prov. + +Said to be used to adulterate Senna. + + +=T. vicioides= _A. Rich._ + +Diffusely-branched herb, silky. Leaflets 7-9, obovate-oblong. Flowers +purple, axillary, solitary or in pairs. Pod 1 in. long, narrow-linear, +recurved. + +Berber Prov. (Shendi); Kordofan Prov. (Abu Gerad). + + +=T. lathyroides= _Guill._ & _Perr._ UM SABA (Medani)—Arab. + +Herb. Leaves pinnate 5-foliolate; leaflets lanceolate, subacute, about +1¼ in. long, thinly setulose. Flowers axillary, clustered. Pod slightly +curved, 1¾ in. long, thinly pilose, about 8 seeded. + +Between Suakin & Berber (Wadi Leimab); Blue Nile Prov. (Medani); +Kordofan Prov. + + +=T. uniflora= _Pers._ + +Bushy herb. Leaves about 8-foliolate; leaflets very silky, oblanceolate, +mucronate, ½-⅔ in. long. Flowers axillary, solitary or paired. Pod +slightly curved, 2 in. long, shortly pubescent. + +Between Suakin & Berber (Omareg); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); White Nile +Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (El Greo). + + +=T. lupinifolia= _DC._ KEREIWIT EL GHURAB (N. Kordn.)—Arab. + +Wide trailing perennial with digitate leaves; leaflets 5-7. Racemes +terminal or leaf-opposed, up to 1 ft. long; corolla reddish. Pod linear, +sometimes oblong, 1-6 seeded. + +Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Plains 40-80 m. N.E. of El Fasher). + + +=T. emeroides= _A. Rich._ SUREP (Medani)—Arab. + +Somewhat woody herb. Leaves pinnately 5-7 fol. Flowers yellow, solitary +to 3 in the axils of leaves. Pods 2 in. long, narrow, densely rusty- +tomentose. + +Blue Nile Prov. (Medani). + + +=T. dichroocarpa= _Steud._ + +Tall, hairy herb or undershrub. Leaflets 11-15. Racemes terminal, 6-9 +in. long; cor. red. Pod narrow, silky, 2 in. long. + +Fung Prov. + + +=T. fulvinervis= _Hochst._ + +Herb, 2-3 ft. high; tawny silky. Leaflets 9-13, linear, the midrib +tawny. Racemes lateral with 3-4 distant, tawny-silky flowers. Pod 2 in. +long, narrow, silky. + +Kordofan Prov. + + +=T. subtriflora= _Hochst._ + +Perennial. Leaflets 5-7. Flowers 1-3, sessile in axils of the leaves; +cor. purple. Pod 1¼ in. long, narrow. + +Dongola & Kordofan Provinces. + + +=T. anthylloides= _Hochst._ UM ATFEIR—Arab. + +Bushy herb or undershrub, 1-2 ft. high. Leaflets 7-9. Flowers 1-3 +axillary, purple. Pod up to 2½ in. long. + +Khartoum Prov. (J. Malakit); Blue Nile, White Nile, Kordofan & Mongalla +Provinces. + + +=T. longipes= _Meissn._ + +Herb; leaflets up to 9, linear, up to 2 in. long. Racemes terminal and +lateral, of 6-10 purple flowers. Pod 2 in. long; linear, straight. + +Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf). + + +=T. incana= _Graham._ + +Grey woolly undershrub or herb. Leaflets 11-13 oblanceolate. Racemes +terminal or lateral, 6-12 in. long, lower flowers in clusters of 3-4; +cor. reddish. Pod deflexed and recurved, 2 in. long, very silky. + +Kordofan Prov. (Gefil). + + +304 =Mundulea suberosa= _Benth._ + +Small tree or large arborescent shrub; young twigs pilose; leaflets +13-23. Racemes terminal and leaf-opposed 4-6 in. long; cor. red. Pod 3-5 +in. long and under ½ in. broad, torulose, silky. + +Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Eliri); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 6,500 ft.). + + +305 =Milletia Barteri= _Dunn._ + +Leaflets 4 pairs and an odd one, opposite, obovate-elliptic, obtusely +acuminate, 3-4 in. long, 2 in. broad, glabrous. Flowers rose, in large +panicles. Calyx cupular, silky. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Yabo River). + + +306 =Sesbania punctata= _DC._ TAURI—Arab. + +Erect shrub with paripinnate leaves. Leaflets 20-50 pair. Racemes 6-12 +flowered; corolla yellow, much spotted with purple. Pod 8-12 in. long. + +Nubia; Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Kordofan Prov. + +Recommended for growing as a green manure. + + +=S. ægyptiaca= _Pers._ SESABAN—Arab; KAILKAIL (Dilling) & KENTII (J. +Eliri)—Nuba. + +Copiously branched shrub, 6-10 ft. high. Leaflets 10-20 pairs; pod +pendulous, narrowly linear, usually somewhat twisted, 6-8 in. long. +Racemes 6-12 flowered; cor. yellow. + +Found in most parts of the Sudan. In India the bark is made into ropes, +and the wood into charcoal; the leaves furnish cattle fodder. It is very +quick-growing and forms a good temporary shelter for slower-growing +plants. + + +=S. ægyptiaca= _Pers._ =var. bicolor= _Wight_ & _Arn._ SENA—Arab. + +Standard petal and tips of wing-petals suffused with purple. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Berber Prov. (Zeidab); Khartoum Prov.; Fung, +White Nile & Kordofan Provinces. + + +=S. aculeata= _Pers._ + +Erect herb, 2-4 ft. high; branches ascending, more or less prickly. +Leaflets 20-50 pairs; pod 6-9 in. long, erect or spreading, not twisted. +Cor. pale yellow. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); White Nile Prov. + +Yields a fibre durable under water, and useful for ropes and fishing +nets. Suitable for a green manure. + + +=S. microphylla= _Harms._ + +Small herb; flowers yellow mottled with purple or black spots. Leaflets +very small, about ⅙ in. long. Pod 4½ in. long, linear, moniliform. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Ghabat El Arab). + + +=S. mossambicensis= _Klotzsch._ + +Small herb; corolla standard striate, not mottled. Leaflets as in +preceding species. Pod 2½ in. long, moniliform. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Yubbo River). + + +=S. pachycarpa= _DC._ + +Annual, 1-3 ft. high; corolla dotted; pod about 6 in. long, ¼ in. broad. +Leaflets 15-20 pairs, linear-oblong, ½-¾ in. long. + +Kordofan Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Bor). + + +=S. arabica= _Hochst._ SURA & TAURI (Blue Nile)—Arab. + +Claws of corolla appendaged; standard conspicuously spotted. A tall +herb. Leaflets up to 30 pairs, linear-oblong, ⅔ in long. Pods much +constricted between the seeds. + +Fung Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf). + + +=S. tetraptera= _Hochst._ SURIB (Fung), & ?KOL (White Nile)—Arab. + +Shrubby herb up to 3 or 4 ft. high. Pod 4-winged. Leaflets 15-20 pairs. +Racemes 4-6 flowered; cor. yellow. + +Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Nuba Mts. Prov. + +The leaves are eaten as a pot-herb. + + +307 =Astragalus prolixus= _Sieb._ + +Prostrate herb, 1 ft. or more long, silky. Leaves imparipinnate; +leaflets 11-13. Racemes 6-12 flowered. Pod oblong-turgid, partly divided +inside by a longitudinal membrane, ¼ in. long. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Dongola Prov.; between Berber & Khartoum; +Khartoum Prov. + +May be one of the several species which yield “Gum-Tragacanth.” + + +=A. abyssinicus= _Steud._ + +Shrubby herb, 3-4 ft. long. Side-leaflets 10-15 pair. Racemes dense, 4-6 +long. Cor. yellow. Pod 1 in. long, linear, completely divided inside by +a longitudinal membrane. + +Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 8-9,000 ft.). + + +308 =Glycyrrhiza glabra= _Linn._ + +Leaves odd-pinnate; leaflets about 6 pairs, oblong-lanceolate, +emarginate, 1½ in. long, ⅔ in. broad, gland-dotted below. Flowers in +slender axillary racemes half as long as the leaves. + +Sudan; Libyan Desert (Khor Wau). + + +309 =Taverniera lappacea= _DC._ + +Stems procumbent, shrubby. Joints of the pods with rigid hooked +bristles. Leaves 3-fol. Flowers yellowish, axillary, solitary or in +pairs. + +Nubia. + + +=T. ægyptica= _Boiss._ + +Much-branched low shrub; pods densely bristly. Leaves simple, obovate- +cuneate. Flowers solitary or in pairs, axillary. + +Nubia. + + +310 =Alhagi maurorum= _Desv._ + +Low shrub, 1-3 ft. high, armed with spreading spines, 1 in. long. Leaves +simple, obovate-oblong, drooping from spines and branches. Flowers red, +solitary or in pairs from the spines. Pod falcate, 1 in. long. + +Nubia. + +Said to yield “manna.” The plant has antibilious properties. + + +311 =Herminiera Elaphroxylon= _Guill._ & _Perr._ AMBATCH, AMBAJ & +TUROR—Arab; ADĪT (Kenissa) & WOR (Renk)—Dinka; RUR & TYEF—Nuer. + +Small tree with showy yellow flowers and prickly branches. Stems swollen +at base consist of pith-like substance. Leaves abruptly pinnate; stamens +monadelphous; pods spirally contorted. + +Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile (from Abba Island southwards) & affluents; +Kordofan Prov. (Rahad). + +The swollen stems which consist of pith, are used to make rafts and +canoes. This species is very similar to _Æschynomene Pfundii_ Taub. + + +=H. excelsa= _Kotschy._ ?ADDIT (Renk)—Dinka. + +White Nile Prov. + +This and the next species are known only by name. + + +=H. humilis= _Kotschy._ + +Fung Prov. + + +312 =Æschynomene uniflora= _E. Meyer._ + +Shrubby up to 4 ft. high. Legumes deeply sinuate, dividing into +dissepiments. Leaflets 10-20 pair, sensitive. Flowers mostly solitary, +yellow. + +Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf). + + +=Æ. Indica= _Linn._ + +Annual, 1-3 ft. high. Leaflets 40-70, alternate, sessile; pod 1-1½ in., +narrow, slightly curved, glabrous. Flowers pale yellow, 2-4 in. lax, +short-peduncled racemes. + +Kordofan Prov. (in marshes); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir, +Shambé, Niamniam-land); Mongalla Prov. (Bor); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s +Post). + + +=Æ. cristata= _Vatke._ + +Shrub with hollow stems. Leaflets about 20 pairs, narrowly oblong, ⅓ in. +long, nearly glabrous. Flowers few, axillary, pedunculate. Petals +crested. Pods flat, breaking up into segments. + +Bahr El Jebel (Sudd). + + +=Æ. Rüppellii= _Baker._ + +Low shrub; twigs viscid, brown. Leaflets 8-12 pair. Racemes axillary 6-8 +flowered; cor. yellow. Pods ¼ in. long, with 2 constricted joints. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +=Æ. nilotica= _Taub._ + +Twiggy. Leaves very short. Leaflets about 12 pairs, oblong, mucronate, ⅙ +in. long. Flowers subsolitary. Petals slightly fringed. + +White Nile Prov. (by J. Nyemati). + + +=Æ. Pfundii= _Taub._ + +Shrub 6-8 ft., with soft wood. Leaflets numerous, oblong, serrulate, 1 +in. long. Flowers few in racemes. Calyx villous. Petals not crested. +Pods ¾ in. broad, pilose, breaking up into narrowly oblong segments. + +Kordofan Prov. (Bir Rahad); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post). + +This species closely resembles _Herminiera Elaphroxylon_ G. & P., but +branches not spiny. + + +=Æ. aspera= _Linn. f._ + +Perennial 2-4 ft. high, stem spongy, pith-like; pod 3-4 in. long, over ¼ +in. wide, nearly straight, 6-7 jointed, each joint with sharp asperities +in the centre. Leaflets 40-70 or more. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post). + +The Sola Pith Plant of commerce. The soft pith-like wood is used in +India to make helmets, floats, toys, etc. It is also used in surgery for +the manufacture of tampons. + + +=Æ. Telekii= _Schwfth._ + +Tree. Leaflets numerous, narrowly oblong, ⅓ in. long, glabrous. Flowers +solitary, pedicellate, large. Petals crested. Pods with yellowish +bristly hairs, flat, 3 in. long, not jointed. + +Banks of the Nile. + + +=Æ. Schimperi= _Hochst._ + +Annual, 2-3 ft. high.; pod articulated, smooth or bristly, divisions +10-15. Leaflets 12-30 pairs, sensitive. Flowers solitary or in pairs, +axillary. + +White Nile Prov. + + +313 =Smithia Kotschyi= _Benth._ + +Erect shrub; branches covered with weak yellow bristles. Leaflets 20 +pairs. Racemes axillary, 6-12 flowered. Pod 7-8 jointed, small. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli). + + +=S. Schweinfurthii= _Taub._ + +Shrub with long leafy branches with scattered hairs. Leaflets about 10 +pairs, obliquely oblong, 3-nerved at the base, ⅓ in. long. Flowers with +leathery striate bracts and sepals nearly hiding the corolla. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: by the Doguru). + + +314 =Stylosanthes flavicans= _Baker._ + +Copiously branched herb. Leaves 3-fol. Flowers in dense terminal heads; +bracts densely imbricated; stamens monadelphous. Pod ¼ in. long, with 2 +articulations. + +Kordofan Prov. + + +315 =Arachis hypogæa= _Linn._ FUL-SUDANI—Arab; BUL GWATH (Zeraf)—Nuer; +WANDE—Zande. The Earth-nut or Monkey-nut. + +Diffuse herb. Leaflets 4. Flowers axillary, solitary, yellow. The pod +buries itself in the ground to ripen. + +Cultivated everywhere for food. + + +316 =Zornia diphylla= _Pers._ + +Prostrate or ascending annual. Leaflets 2, dotted; stamens monadelphous; +pod indehiscent, jointed; joints 2-5, set with short straight spines. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land). + +A useful fodder. + + +317 =Desmodium spirale= _DC._ + +Annual 1-2 ft. high. Leaflets 3. Racemes terminal and axillary; cor. +greenish and purple. Pod ½ in. long with 4-6 joints, often spirally +twisted. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat). + + +=D. gangeticum= _DC._ + +Procumbent herb; leaves 1 fol.; flowers rose-red; pod small, sessile, +somewhat curved, joints 4-8. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: shady Khors and woody places); Mongalla Prov. +(Mongalla); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +=D. dimorphum= _Welw._ + +Branched undershrub, 2 ft. high. Leaves oblong, rounded or cordate at +base. Racemes 1 in. long, sessile, axillary and terminal; cor. red. Pod +¼ in. long, lower margin deeply sinuate. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land). + + +=D. lasiocarpum= _DC._ + +Erect undershrub, 3-6 ft. high, densely brown pubescent. + +Leaves cordate-ovate, 4-5 in. long. Racemes axillary and terminal; cor. +red. Pod ¾ in. long, hispid, 4-5; jointed lower margin deeply sinuate. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir, Niamniam-land). + + +=D. sennaarense= _Schwfth._ + +Densely hispid undershrub. Stipules cordate, amplexicaul; leaflets 3, +central ovate, 3-4 in. long. Racemes stalked; corolla reddish. Pod 1 in. +long, joints 4 to 6, lower margin slightly waved. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung. Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El +Zeraf). + + +=D. Scalpe= _DC._ + +Erect undershrub. Leaves 3-fol., ovate, 1½-2½ in., the terminal somewhat +larger, rhomboidal; flowers light red, in pairs on terminal panicles; +pods constricted; joints 3-4, as broad as long, much sinuate. + +Blue Nile Prov. (Geneib Assad); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Wadi Gindi, +7,300 ft.). + + +=D. Dregeanum= _Benth._ + +Grey silky undershrub. Leaflets 3. Flowers in short terminal panicles. +Pod ½ in. long, slightly waved beneath, 2-4 jointed. + +Æthiopia. + + +=D. paleaceum= _Guill._ & _Perr._ + +Semi-woody, erect, 3-4 ft. high. Leaflets 3, central ovate, 3-5 in. +long. Racemes axillary and terminal, stalked; cor. reddish. Pod ab. ¾ +in. long, slightly indented below, articulations 4-5, stiff-hairy. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land). + + +=D. delicatulum= _A. Rich._ + +Annual, 9 in. high, silky. Lower leaves simple, upper 3-fol. Racemes +terminal, sessile, 2-4 flowered. Pod ab. ½ in. long, 4-6 jointed, +glabrous, lower suture indented ⅓ down. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post). + + +=D. triflorum= _DC._ + +Matted, trailing herb. Leaves small, lower ones often 1-fol., otherwise +3-fol., glabrous ab. slightly silky beneath; flowers very small, usually +3 together in axils of leaves; pods up to ½ in. long, slightly +constricted on ventral margin, 2-4 jointed. + +Mongalla Prov. (Kenissa). + +Would make a good green manure and cover crop. + + +318 =Pseudarthria confertiflora= _Baker._ + +Erect undershrub. Leaflets 3, terminal one 3-4 in. long, ovate-oblong. +Racemes axillary and terminal, the latter often compound. Pod linear, +not articulated. + +White Nile Prov. + + +=P. Hookeri= _Wight_ & _Arn._ + +Undershrub, 3-4 ft. high, downy. Leaflets 3, central obovate, 4-6 in. +long. Flowers red, in dense terminal panicles. Pod 1 in. long, linear, +torulose, downy. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Addai & Niamniam-land: Nganye). + + +=P. sp.= + +Leaflets 3, the central ovate, acute, 5 in. long, 3 in. broad, softly +pubescent below, widely crenate. Flowers very small in lax terminal +panicles. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, Niamniam-land: Kulensho). + + +319 =Uraria picta= _Desv._ + +Semi-shrubby perennial; leaves imparipinnate; leaflets 5-7; flowers +small, blue, in dense cylindrical spikes, up to 18 in. long. + +Banks of the White Nile; Mongalla Prov.: Bahr El Jebel (Madi); Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + +Reported to be a remedy for snakebite in India. + + +320 =Alysicarpus monilifer= _DC._ FERAISHA (Kordofan)—Arab. + +Diffuse herb. Leaves small, 1-fol., ovate, usually cordate; pods with +2-6 globose, pubescent swellings. Racemes axillary and terminal. + +Kordofan Prov. + + +=A. vaginalis= _DC._ + +Diffuse herb, 3-4 ft. high. Leaves up to 2 in. long, 1-fol., variable in +shape; pod glabrous, little or not moniliform, ½-¾ in. long. Racemes +denser than above. + +Nubia; South Kordofan Prov. (Um Durein); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Meshra El Rek & Niamniam-land: by the Ibba River). + + +=A. Zeyheri= _Hard._ + +Branched perennial, 1 ft. high. Leaflet 1, cordate-oblong. Racemes +terminal, lax, ¾ in. long. Pod under ½ in. long with 3-4 distinct +constrictions. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Gir). + + +=A. rugosus= _DC._ SHELĪNI (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab. + +Copiously branched herb, 3-4 ft. high. Leaves 1-fol., linear-oblong; +corolla violet purple; pods moniliform, much wrinkled, 2-5 jointed, +short. + +Nubia; Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Upper White +Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé). + + +321 =Cicer arietinum= _Linn._ HUMMUS—Arab; Chick Pea or Gram. + +Annual, up to 18 in. high. Leaves pinnate, rachis ending in a tendril; +leaflets 12-16, deep-dentate. Flowers purple, solitary, axillary. Pod +oblong, silky, ¾ in. long. + +Cultivated generally. + + +322 =Vicia faba= _Linn._ FUL—Arab. The Bean plant. + +Cultivated generally. + + +323 =Lens esculentus= _Moench._ ’ADS SURGAM (Dongola)—Arab. + +Dongola Prov. (Cultivated). + + +324 =Lathyrus sativus= _Linn._ GILBAN—Arab. Chickling Vetch. + +Herb. Leaves 2-fol., the rachis ending in a tendril. Flowers reddish- +purple, solitary, axillary. Pod 1½ in. long, oblong, narrowly winged on +each side of the dorsal suture. + +Cultivated mainly in North Sudan. + + +325 =Abrus precatorius= _Linn._ HABIL ER RUS or HABILARUS—Arab; +YAGOMO—Golo. + +Twining perennial. Leaves abruptly pinnate, deciduous; leaflets 10-15 +pairs; inflorescence shorter than leaves; cor. reddish; pods oblong; +seed polished, bright scarlet, tipped with black. + +Fung & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces. + +The root is said to be a substitute for liquorice. The seeds are used as +a purgative, only small doses being given. They are also used in +affections of the eyes. When raw, the seeds are poisonous, but the +active principle, Abrin, is destroyed by boiling. + + +=A. pulchellus= _Willd._ + +Differs from above by having inflorescence longer than leaves, which +have only 5-10 pairs of leaflets; pods linear and seeds black. Cor. +pale-purple. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=A. Schimperi= _Hochst._ + +Shrub with slender woody branches; seeds dark brown. Leaflets 12-15 +pairs. Racemes lax, 3-4 in. long; cor. reddish. + +Nubia (Ronga); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir); Bahr El Jebel +(Madi). + + +326 =Clitoria ternatea= _Linn._ ERG EL AGRAB & TAWILA (Meshra El +Zeraf)—Arab; GRENAME (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka. + +Herbaceous twiner. Leaves imparipinnate, with stipels; 5-7-fol. Flowers +large, over 1 in. long; corolla blue (in wild plants light blue); +standard very large; pod linear, ab. 3 in. long. + +Nubia; Khartoum Prov. (cultivated); Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov. +(Jebelein, White Nile Prov. to Meshra El Zeraf); Upper White Nile Prov. + +The root is powerful cathartic, like jalap; the powdered seeds are also +purgative. An infusion of leaves is used for eruptions, and the pounded +root is applied to scorpion stings. + + +327 =Glycine hedysaroides= _Willd._ + +Climbing perennial. Leaflets 3. Flowers 4-6 in axillary racemes. Cor. +pale red. Pod 1½ in. long, straight, flat, 5-6 seeded. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=G. Borianii= _Baker._ + +Herbaceous twiner. Leaves 1-3 fol.; flowers red, 12-20 in subsessile +axillary racemes. Pod linear, silky, 2-seeded. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat). + + +=G. javanica= _Linn._ + +Herbaceous twiner; young shoots very silky. Leaves 3-fol., with stipels; +corolla bright red, in copious peduncled axillary racemes, linear, +nearly straight, silky, 4-6 seeded. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat). + + +328 =Teramnus labialis= _Spreng._ + +Herbaceous twiner. Leaves 3-fol.; flowers small, reddish, in very lax +racemes; pods linear up to 2 in. long; tipped with a short stout beak or +hook. + +Nubia; Fung Prov. (Karkoj); Kordofan Prov. (Melbes); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (by the Kit); Mongalla Prov. (Sh. Tombé). + + +329 =Erythrina tomentosa= _R. Br._ ’ZĀN (Baggara), BET EL ARUS & +HABILARUS—Arab; SHUMTI (Dilling)—Nuba; ARIENGO—Jur; BANGRIBAKAKE—Zande. + +Shrub to middle sized tree with trifol. leaves; flowers orange red, in +dense spikes, appearing before the leaves; pods constricted; seeds +scarlet. + +Nuba Mts. & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces. + + +=E. Brucei= _Schwfth._ + +Moderate sized tree with short, stout spines on the young stem and +branches. Leaves 3-fol.; flowers scarlet, appearing before the leaves; +pods constricted. + +Khartoum Prov. (Introduced). + + +=E. Dybowskii= _Hua._ + +Leaflets very broadly ovate-triangular, emarginate, 3 in. long and about +4 in. broad, softly tomentellous on both surfaces; petioles with +reflexed prickles. Pods tomentose, constricted. + +Darfur Prov. (Kulme). + + +330 =Mucuna pruriens= _DC._ KOPA—Zande. Cow-Itch. + +Semi-woody twiner. Leaves 3-fol. with stipels, pubescent above, with +dense silvery hair beneath. Flowers large, dark purple, in drooping +racemes; pods up to 3 in. long, covered with orange-brown irritant +hairs. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Sabbi, also Niamniam-land). + +The young pods are cooked and eaten as a vegetable, but when ripe they +are covered with hairs which are exceedingly irritating. Various +medicinal properties are attributed to the roots and seeds. + + +331 =Canavalia virosa= _Wight_ & _Arn._ + +Herbaceous climber. Leaves 3-fol., with stipels; flowers nearly white to +bright pink; pod 4 in. long by 1½ in. wide, thickened on either side of +the dorsal suture. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: by the Yokko). + + +=C. regalis= _Dunn._ TAMBUI (J. Eliri)—Nuba. + +Herbaceous twiner. Leaves 3-fol. with stipels; pods up to 9 in. long, +thickened on either side of the dorsal suture; seeds nearly 1 in. long, +deep pink. + +Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Eliri); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. + +In the Bahr El Ghazal bracelets of strung seed are worn to bring luck in +the chase. + + +=C. ensiformis= _DC._ LUBIA EL FIL (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; BOLUKI +(Dilling)—Nuba; NZERAHNA—Krej. + +Strong herbaceous climber. Leaves 3-fol.; flowers pink; pod about 6 in. +long with a rib on either side of the dorsal suture; seeds dark. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Upper White +Nile, Bahr El Ghazal & Mongalla Provinces. + +The Sword Bean, wild and cultivated. + + +332 =Phaseolus lunatus= _Linn._ Lima, Burma, Sugar, or Butter Bean. + +Twining herb. Leaves 3-fol., central leaflet ovate-deltoid, 4 in. long. +Racemes axillary; cor. violet. Pod 3 in. long, flat, broad crescent- +shaped. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Cultivated). + +The ripe seeds contain Prussic acid, which is, however, destroyed in +cooking. + + +=P. Mungo= _Linn._ GESHARINGEIK (Sudan) & KASHARINGI (Egypt)—Arab; +BAKWA—Bongo; ABAGPA—Zande. + +Sub-erect annual, yellowish hairy. Leaflets 3. Racemes axillary, 4-6 +flowered; cor. yellowish. Pod linear, terete 2 in. long, tawny hairy. + +Cultivated. + +In Basutoland the seeds are used by the natives to mature boils, +abscesses, etc. The seeds are chewed and applied to the sore. The green +pods and seeds are used for food, and the whole plant for fodder. + + +=P. adenanthus= _E. Meyer._ + +Herbaceous twiner. Leaves 3-fol., with stipels; flowers pink; pod 5-6 +in. long and over ½ in. wide; seeds 12-16, almost circular, black. + +Nubia; Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. + +The tuberous root is eaten in India. + + +=P. vulgaris= _Linn._ LUBIA KHADRA or LUBIA HAMRA—Arab. The Kidney, +French, or Haricot Bean. + +Climbing annual. Leaflets 3. Peduncles in pairs, 2-3-flowered; cor. +white or lilac. Pod 5 in. long, straight. + +Cultivated. + + +=P. stenocarpus= _Harms._ + +Twiner with wiry stems. Leaves trifoliolate; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, +obtuse, 1½-2 in. long, glabrous. Flowers very small. Pods linear, +falcate, 3 in. long, glabrous. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Bongo-land: Kulengo). + + +=P. trilobus= _Ait._ + +Prostrate perennial. Leaves 3-fol.; leaflets deeply sinuate-lobate; +stipules peltately attached; pod 1-1½ in. long, linear. Flowers 2-4 on +3-6 in. long peduncles, reddish. + +Cultivated. + +Yields pulse. + + +=P. sp.= + +Leaves long-petiolate, trifoliolate; leaflets ovate, mucronate, 4-5 in. +long, 2½-3 in. broad, laxly reticulate, minutely setulose. Flowers and +fruits not seen. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (mouth of Bahr El Arab; in Sudd, Schwfth. 1133). + + +333 =Vigna incana= _Taub._ + +Undershrub, silky-tomentose all over. Leaves appearing after flowering. +Peduncles elongate, 2-flowered. Flowers subsessile. Pod terete, silky. + +Darfur Prov. (J. Kurku). + + +=V. membranacea= _A. Rich._ + +Herbaceous twiner, thinly grey-silky. Leaflets 3, membranous, ovate- +rhomboidal, up to 2½ in. long. Flowers 2-4 on slender flexuose +peduncles, 1-2 in. long; cor. pink. Pod linear straight, subterete, 2½ +in. long. + +Nubia. + + +=V. golungensis= _Baker._ + +Herbaceous twiner. Leaves trifol., with stipels; flowers yellow, 2-4 on +6-9 in. long peduncle. + +Upper White Nile Prov. (Renk). + + +=V. linearifolia= _Hutch._ + +Very slender twiner with wiry stems. Leaves trifoliolate; leaflets +subsessile, linear, acute, 3-4 in. long, ¼ in. broad, glabrous, with +numerous strongly reticulate lateral nerves on each side. Flowers +yellow. Pods spirally coiled when ripe, 2½ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=V. vexillata= _Benth._ + +Herbaceous twiner. Leaflets 3, narrowly ovate-lanceolate, rounded at +base, apex cuspidate; flowers large, pink; keel beaked. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post). + + +=V. sp.= + +Herbaceous climber. Leaflets 3, linear-lanceolate, about 3 in. long; +corolla yellow, heavily streaked with purple. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé); Mongalla Prov. (Bor). + + +=V. caerulea= _Baker._ + +Herbaceous twiner. Leaflets 3, more or less hastate, sometimes darker +coloured at the base; corolla deep blue, in pairs on peduncles 4-6 in. +long. Pod linear, terete, 3 in. long, black when mature. + +Mongalla Prov. + + +=V. reticulata= _Hook. f._ + +Silky-hairy herbaceous climber. Leaflets 3, papery, with raised +reticulate veins beneath, grey-hairy. Flowers reddish, 2-4 close +together on 2-4 in. long peduncles. Pod linear, straight, terete, nearly +3 in. long, bristly, black when ripe. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=V. nilotica= _Hook. f._ + +Herbaceous twiner. Leaflets 3, ovate-lanceolate; flowers yellow, about ¾ +in. long, in close racemes on peduncles 3-5 in. long. Pod 2-3 in. long +and ¼ in. broad, slightly curved, pendulous. + +White Nile Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. (Khor near Talodi); Bahr El Jebel +(Sudd). + + +=V. Kotschyi= _Schwfth._ + +Densely grey tomentose climber. Leaflets 3. Flowers reddish, 2-3 +together on long or short peduncles from leafless branches. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Gumango). + + +=V. sinensis= _Endl._ =forma spontanea= _A. Brongn._ LUBIA HELLU—Arab. + +Annual subglabrous twiner. Stipules ovate-lanceolate, subpeltate. +Leaflets 3, central roundish. Flowers yellow or reddish, in 6-12 fl. +racemes on peduncles up to 1 ft. long Pod pendulous, 6-12 in. long; +seeds red, white or black. + +Nubia; cultivated on river banks and sagias. + + +=V. luteola= _Benth._ + +Prostrate, trailing herb. Leaflets 3, oval to obovate, narrow at base, +rounded at the apex; flowers yellow; pod 2-2½ in., broadly linear, +subcylindrical. + +Nubia. + + +334 =Voandzeia subterranea= _Thouars._ ABU GAWI—Arab. + +Herb. Leaves 3-foliolate; pod 1-seeded, ripens underground. Flowers 1-3 +on flexuous peduncle which is at first only up to ½ in. long. Cor. +yellow, often abortive. + +Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Boma Plateau. + +Boiled and eaten for food, but not of high value. + + +335 =Psophocarpus palustris= _Desv._ + +Herbaceous climber with lilac-coloured flowers and short 4-winged pods. +Root tuberous. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: Mvolo); Mongalla Prov. (Kenissa). + + +336 =Dolichos Lablab= _Linn._ LUBIA—AFIN—Arab. + +Herbaceous twiner. Leaflets 3, broadly ovate-rhomboid; flowers usually +purple; style bent, much laterally flattened, strongly bearded. Pod +oblong up to 2 in. long and nearly 1 in. broad, 2-4 seeded. + +Northern Sudan. + +Cultivated largely as a fodder crop. + + +=D. Schweinfurthii= _Harms._ + +Leafless or nearly so at time of flowering; stems erect, simple, about 1 +ft. high. Leaves trifoliolate, subsessile; leaflets oblanceolate with 3 +parallel nerves about 5 in. long, glabrous. Flowers in clusters, ¾ in. +long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. + + +=D. pseudo-pachyrhizus= _Harms._ JEKORO—Golo. + +Climber with a tuberous root which attains a length of 6-8 ft.; leaves +3-fol.; leaflets more or less lobed, 3-nerved at the base, up to 6 in. +long and broad; very glabrous. Pods velvety, 4 in. long. + +White Nile & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces. + +Commonly cultivated in tropics, the tuberous roots being eaten as a +food, and a starch obtained therefrom. Both the tubers and the beans +contain a poisonous resin which is an active fish poison. + +In the Bahr El Ghazal the tuber is mixed with the sap of the Heglig and +used as a substitute for soap. + + +=D. splendens= _Welw._ + +Undershrub, 4 ft. high, stems densely grey-silky. Leaflets 3, densely +grey-silky, tomentose beneath. Flowers in long lax, terminal racemes. +Cor. bright red, 1 in. deep. Pod over 2 in. long, linear, recurved, grey +downy, with ½ in. long style twisted at the base. + +Mongalla Prov. + + +=D. uniflorus= _Lam._ + +Twining perennial. Leaflets 3, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, acute, +glabrous; corolla yellow; pod over 2 in. long, flattened, with a long +beak. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat). + + +=D. biflorus= _Linn._ + +Erect, hairy herb, nearly allied to foregoing; flowers yellowish-white. +Pod linear, nearly straight, 1¼ in. long, tipped with the persistent +style. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (around Jur Ghattas). + +An important food, fodder and green manure crop. + + +337 =Sphenostylis Schweinfurthii= _Harms._ + +Herb up to 6 ft. high. Leaflets 3, linear-lanceolate, emarginate, +mucronate, 3½ in. long, ½ in. broad, glabrous, reticulate. Racemes head- +like, axillary, few-flowered. Flowers yellow. Pod linear, pubescent. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land). + + +=S. stenocarpus= _Harms._ + +Herbaceous climber with 3-fol. leaves and red flowers, 1 in. long in +3-12 flowered racemes. Pod 4-5 in. long, hard, straight, sutures much +thickened. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat). + + +338 =Adenodolichos macrothyrsus= _Harms._ + +Leaves opposite, trifoliolate; leaflets ovate-rhomboid subacute, rounded +at the base, 4-6 in. long, 2½-3 in. broad, gland-dotted below. Flowers +in loose panicles. Pods 2 cm. long, acuminate, crispate-pubescent; seeds +black. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Gir). + + +339 =Cajanus indicus= _Spreng._ ADS SUDANI—Arab. The “Dal” plant. + +Erect shrubby plant, up to 8 ft. high. Leaves 3-fol., gland-dotted; +flowers yellow or purple, in 2-8 flowered axillary racemes. Pod 2-3 in. +long, ab. ½ in. broad, pubescent. + +Northern Sudan; Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Bongo-land). + +Cultivated for its pulse, which is highly nutritious. + + +340 =Rhynchosia cyanosperma= _Benth._ + +Woody climber, rusty-pubescent when young. Leaflets 3, coriaceous, +central roundish, 4-5 in. long. Racemes lax, 6-9 in. long, on woody +peduncles. Cor. brick red or white. Pod equalling the calyx, oblong, +grey-velvety. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the +Assika). + + +=R. flavissima= _Hochst._ + +Herbaceous twiner. Leaves trifol., glabrous, gland-dotted, as in all +this genus; flowers yellow, in lax 6-12 fl. racemes, 2-4 in. long on +spreading peduncles. Pod ¾ in. long, narrowed to the base, glabrous. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Blue Nile Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. +(Meshra El Zeraf). + + +=R. minima= _DC._ EL TURBA (Hillet Abbas)—Arab. + +Slender herbaceous twiner. Leaves small, 3-fol.; leaflets rhomboid to +oval, obtuse, apiculate, black-dotted; flowers small, yellow; pods +2-seeded, slightly turgid. + +Red Sea Prov. (Port Sudan); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. +(Fazoghli & Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (El Dueim & Hillet Abbas); +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Addai); Mongalla Prov. + + +=R. caribæa= _DC._ + +Herbaceous, grey pubescent twiner. Leaflets 3, central one broad ovate +or subrhomboidal. Racemes lax, 2-6 in. long on short peduncles; cor. +yellow. Pod ¾ in. long, under ½ in. broad, thinly grey silky when young, +turgid. + +White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land); Bahr El Jebel (Lat. +7° 37′ N.). + + +=R. viscosa= _DC._ + +Semi-woody twiner. Leaves 3-fol., leaflets over 2 in. long, almost +sessile, broadly ovate, subcordate or truncate at base, acute. Flowers +yellow often heavily streaked with deep purple; pods 2 seeded; seeds +with small aril. + +Nubia; Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: Derago); +Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla). + + +=R.= (probably form of) =viscosa= _DC._ + +Leaflets somewhat 3-lobed; flowers yellow, lightly striped with purple; +pods viscous. + +Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat River: Nasser). + + +=R. Memnonia= _DC._ RA’AFA or LUWEIS (N. Kordn.); WADĀN EL FĀR, BĀL & +FARAH EL GUMRI (Khartoum)—Arab. + +Grey-silky herbaceous climber. Leaflets 3, central nearly round, up to 1 +in. across. Racemes 2-6 in. long, lax 6-20 flowered on short peduncles; +cor. yellow. Pod ¾ in. pubescent. + +Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Berber Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile +Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (South, Abu Gerad); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (near +Nuer villages). + + +=R. glutinosa= _Harms._ + +Stems branched from the base, about 2 ft. high, pubescent. Leaflets 3, +broadly ovate, rounded at base, apex subacute, 1 in. long and broad, +glandular and shortly pubescent below. Racemes few-flowered, 2 in. long; +standard very striate. Pod 1 in. long, slightly pubescent. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Derago). + + +=R. Schweinfurthii= _Harms._ + +Twiner. Leaves long-petiolate, trifoliolate; leaflets obovate-orbicular, +shortly cuneate at the base, 1½ in. long and broad, rather densely +covered with golden glands below but not pubescent. Racemes nearly +sessile, axillary, few and dense-flowered; sepals very acuminate, ½ in. +long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land). + + +=R. teramnoides= _Harms._ + +Slender twiner. Leaves shortly petiolate, trifoliolate; leaflets +lanceolate, acute 1-2 in. long, very minutely pubescent below, strongly +reticulate. Flowers densely clustered in the leaf axils. Calyx silky +pubescent. Pod curved, ¾ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, Bongo-land: Sabbi). + + +=R. resinosa= _Hochst._ + +Somewhat woody glandular and pubescent twiner. Leaflets 3, ovate- +rhomboidal, 2-3 in. long and broad. Racemes 2-3 in. long on woody +peduncles; cor. yellow. Pod ½ in. long enclosed in calyx. + +Nubia. + + +=R. ferruginea= _A. Rich._ SINGĪD (N. Kordn.)—Arab. + +Herbaceous densely rusty-pubescent twiner. Leaflets 3, central broad +ovate, 1½ in. long, mucronate. Racemes lax, exceeding the leaves; cor. +yellow, veined with purple. + +Fung Prov. (Harun); Kordofan Prov. + + +341 =Eriosema pulcherrimum= _Baker f._ + +Stem erect, herbaceous, 1 ft. high, covered with soft white hairs. +Leaves simple, ovate, subcordate, 4-7 in. long, 2½-4 in. broad, silky +hairy. Flowers in dense terminal racemes 2-4 in. long. Calyx villous. +Pod villous. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=E. holophyllum= _Baker fil._ + +Stem erect, rather woody, 1½ ft. high, pubescent. Leaves simple, ovate- +lanceolate, rounded or cuneate at the base, 3½-6 in. long, finely +pubescent. Flowers in subglobose terminal and axillary racemes. Pod +oblong, villous, ⅔ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Gumba). + + +=E. cajanoides= _Hook. fil._ + +Erect, branching shrub, up to 5 ft. high. Leaflets 3, central +oblanceolate, 2-3 in. long, gland-dotted, as generally in this genus, +fine grey pubescent beneath. Racemes 2-4 in. long on firm peduncles 1-2 +in. long; cor. yellow. Pod over ½ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, Bongo-land: by the Dogguru River, +Niamniam-land); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +=E. macrostipulum= _Baker pl._ + +Stem herbaceous, up to 2 ft. high, pubescent. Leaflets 3, ovate, acute, +base rounded, 2½-3½ in. long, 1¼-1¾ in. broad, softly pubescent. +Stipules ¾ in. long. Flowers crowded in racemes up to 1½ in. long. Pod +oblong, ½ in. long, villous. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=E. sparsiflorum= _Baker fil._ + +Stem virgate, rather woody. Leaflets 3, narrowly oblong, 2-2½ in. long, +acute, pubescent. Flowers in lax axillary racemes. Pod flat, 1½ in. +long, pubescent. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Niamniam-land); Mongalla Prov. (Yei +River). + + +=E. oblongum= _Benth.?_ + +Stems branched, about 8 in. long, from a woody rhizome, densely hirsute. +Leaflets 3, elliptic, rounded at the apex, 1¼ in. long, softly villous +below, nervose. Racemes head-like, long-pedunculate, few-flowered. Pods +1 in. long, densely villous. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Penyo). + + +=E. linifolium= _Baker fil._ + +Stem erect, rather woody. Leaflets 3-5, very long, up to 7 in., narrowly +lanceolate, acuminate, whitish pubescent below. Stipules nearly ½ in. +long. Racemes terminal, lax, 2-6 in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir, & Niamniam-land, Bendo). + + +=E. Schweinfurthii= _Baker fil._ + +Stem erect, herbaceous, 3-4 in. high, from a tuberous root. Leaves +simple, subsessile, narrowly lanceolate, 4-6 in. long, up to ½ in. +broad, grey canescent below. Stipules lanceolate, ½ in. long. Flowers +closely racemose. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=E. flemingioides= _Baker._ + +Shrub, densely yellowish-grey or rusty downy. Leaflets 3, central oblong +4-5 in. long, lower surface permanently grey downy. Racemes short +stalked, fairly dense, 2-3 in. long; bracts scarious, in unexpanded +heads concealing the flowers; cor. pale to deep red Pod ab. ¾ in. long, +tawny. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Duggu); Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + + +342 =Dalbergia Melanoxylon= _Guill._ & _Perr._ BABANUS or EIBNUSA—Arab; +ORŪM (Dilling) & KUNG (J. Eliri)—Nuba; FAITI & FUNITI—Bari; ERRIT (Goz +El Siada), RED (Kenissa), RĒT (L. Powendael) and RĪT (Bahr El +Ghazal)—Dinka; RIT—Jur; BOKANGO or EBANOS—Golo; TARI—Hameg; LURR & +GEL—Nuer; GIUOM—Burun. + +Small to middle-sized tree of irregular growth; branches spiny. Leaves +imparipinnate; leaflets 9-13, alternate; flowers white, sweet-scented; +pods flat, indehiscent, mostly 1-seeded. + +White Nile Prov. (Jebelein) & south of Lat. 13° N. + +The timber is black like ebony, for which it is used as a substitute; +good-sized and sound logs are, however, rare. It is difficult to work +but takes a beautiful polish. It is resistant to insect pests, and is +useful for cabinet making. + + +=D. sp.= (leaf only) =No. 1295= _S.G.H._ + +Tall, graceful tree. Leaves imparipinnate; leaflets alternate. + +Nuba Mts. Prov. (near Dilling). + + +=D. sp.= HURHAR—Arab (Pod only). + +Tree. + +Kordofan Prov. (Muriel L/160). + + +343 =Pterocarpus lucens= _Guill._ & _Perr._ TARAYA—Arab; DIGDIG—Dinka & +Jur; M’BOLO & GANA—Golo; IMMIRORA—Hameg; TIRMA—Bongo. + +Tall and straight tree. Leaves imparipinnate; leaflets 3-7, alternate; +flowers yellow, sweet-scented; pod indehiscent, disk-like, with a winged +margin. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. + +The wood, which is yellowish white in colour and strong, works well. It +is suited to carpentry, joinery and cabinet making. The bark, which +contains a gum allied to “Kino,” is astringent, and is used for tanning +and for dysentery. The leaves excite the appetite, and are a remedy for +stomach troubles. + + +344 =Lonchocarpus laxiflorus= _Guill._ & _Perr._ AMGINEIDILAD (Baggara) +& KHASHKHASH AZRAK (Fung), K. EL SUGHUR & HARHAR (Baggara)—Arab; +LAKUDI—Bari; ZIDI—Zande. + +Small tree. Leaves imparipinnate; leaflets 5-7, oblong-lanceolate to +ovate-oblong; flowers light-purple, monadelphous, in dense panicles. Pod +3-4 in. long, nearly ¾ in. broad, membranous, straight. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); White Nile Prov. (Jebelein); Nuba Mts. Prov.; +Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Darfur & Mongalla Provinces. + +Wood, heavy, yellow. A very showy tree when in flower. + + +345 =Andira inermis= _H.B._ & _K._ + +Tree 20-30 ft. high. Leaflets 9-13, lanceolate, terminal obovate 2-3 in. +long, subcoriaceous, glabrous. Flowers pink in pyramidal panicles up to +1 ft. long. Fruit plum-like, hard, 1½ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +346 =Afrormosia laxiflora= _Harms._ M’BANGA—Golo; M’BANGA & LEBBE—Bongo. + +Middle-sized tree with imparipinnate leaves and inconspicuous greenish +flowers, due to white petals falling off early. Leaflets 9-11, glabrous, +coriaceous. Pods flat, thin, 4 in. long, with an intra-marginal nerve. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau, Jur). + +The wood is dark and hard, and close grained: density 1.1 (sap-wood and +1.14 heart-wood). It is difficult to work, but takes a good polish. An +excellent wood for cabinet making. + + +347 =Swartzia madagascariensis= _Desv._ + +Tree, 20-30 ft. high. Leaflets 9-11, alternate, oblong, coriaceous, 2-3 +in. long. Flowers solitary or in few-flowered racemes; petal 1 only +orbicular, silky on back. Pod up to 1 ft. long, up to ¾ in. thick, +cylindrical, slightly furrowed. + +Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + +Wood very hard and heavy, density 1.08; difficult to work, and suited +for piles and fences. The heart-wood is dark reddish brown, the sap-wood +yellow. It takes a fine polish and makes handsome furniture, etc. + + +348 =Cordyla africana= _Lour._ DONJIJUAK (Bahr El Ghazal)—Dinka; BOLI, +CHINYA & TINA—Golo. + +Large tree with rough bark. Leaves gland-dotted, imparipinnate; leaflets +19-25 up to 2 in. long. Flowers in 6-12 flowered racemes, 1-2 in. long; +petals 0; stamens numerous; filaments free or very slightly connate. Pod +stalked at first, then yellow, pulpy, the size of a small lemon. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau); Mongalla Prov. (Gondokoro). + +Yields a dark gum. The fruit is eaten. + + + =SALICACEÆ.= + + +349 =Salix Safsaf= _Forsk._ SAFSAF—Arab; URU—Hameg. Willow. + +Large riverside shrub. Leaves alt., lanceolate, usually 2-3 in. long, +glabrous, sometimes villous when young. Infl. diœcious; catkins 1-2 in. +long. Capsule rather broad and blunt; seeds silky hairy. + +Atbara River; Nile below Khartoum; Blue Nile and tributaries; Darfur +Prov. (J. Marra). + +The twigs are used for basket making. A black dye obtained from the +leaves, is used for dyeing mats. + + +=S. Murielii= _Skan._ SAFSAF—Arab; URŪ—Hameg. + +Riverside shrub. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, 1½-3 in. long, densely grey- +silky hairy. Catkins 1-3 in. long. Capsule broadly ovoid without style. + +Nubia (between Berber & Khartoum); Blue Nile Prov. (Sennar & Dinder). + + +=S. Schweinfurthii= _Skan._ + +Young branches grey-tomentose, finally brown and glabrous. Leaves +oblong-lanceolate, long acuminate, serrulate, up to 5 in. long. Catkins +1-2½ in. long. Capsule ovoid, beaked, nearly ¼ in. long. + +Nubia; Khartoum Prov.; Kordofan Prov. + + + =MORACEÆ.= + + +350 =Chlorophora excelsa= _Benth._ & _Hook._ DORO—Kaliko. + +Tall tree with milky juice, with bole clean up to 60 ft. Leaves alt., +elliptic, acuminate, cordate, serrate-dentate, 6-7 in. long (shorter on +old trees), tomentose, especially when young; pet. ½-1½ in. long. Infl. +diœcious. Male fl. on catkin-like spikes up to 7 in. long; calyx +4-partite; sta. 4. Fem. fl. in globose or cylindrical spikes up to 2½ +in. long; calyx segm. 4; ovary enclosed in calyx; style simple or +unequally bifid. Fruit a fleshy syncarp. + +Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Assika River). + +Wood brownish yellow with lighter longitudinal lines, hard, but works +well. A beautiful wood suitable for cabinet work. + + +351 =Dorstenia bicornis= _Schwfth._ + +Herb, 1 ft. high, from a creeping rhizome, pubescent on petioles, which +are long for lower leaves. Leaves thin, elliptic to obovate or +obcuneate, apex mucronulate, acute to acuminate, undulate to coarse- +dentate, 4-5 in. long. Infl. monœcious solitary; fl. crowded on a +foliform, lunately curved, stalked receptacle, ab. 1 in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Tuhami’s Zariba). + + +=D. psilurus= _Welw._ + +Herb, 1-2½ ft. high, from a creeping rhizome. Leaves polymorphic, +varying from ovate-elliptic to 3- or several-lobed. Infl. solitary, +long-stalked vertical; receptacle linear-lanceolate up to 1½ in. long +passing above into an erect, linear appendage 2½-3½ in. long, slightly +dilated at apex; base prolonged beyond the stalk forming an upward +curving appendage, ½ in. long. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +=D. Walleri= _Hemsl._ + +Fleshy plant; stem simple from a disciform tuber, 8-16 in. high. Leaves +crowded at top of stem, elliptic with unequal base, 2½-5½ in. long. +Infl. solitary; stalk 1-2 in. long; receptacle stellate, 4-7 rayed, up +to 1 in. diam.; rays ¾-3 in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River). + + +=D. barnimiana= _Schwfth._ + +Stemless, tuberous herb. Leaves radical fleshy cordate to cordate-ovate, +the ultimate leaf sometimes 3-sect, segments again 2-3 sect, many- +toothed; pet. 6 in. long or more. Peduncles as long as petioles; +receptacle green, vertical, linear to oblong, with a narrow margin and +linear bracts, the terminal one the longest up to 1¼ in. long. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat; Khor Koki, near Matamma); Fung Prov. (J. +Fazoghl, Famaka, Fazoghli). + +=var. tropæolifolia= _Rendle._ + +Smaller than above. Leaf solitary, peltate, roundish, 1 in. diam.; pet. +under 2 in. long. Peduncle 2-4 in. long, bracts on receptacle ⅓-½ in. +long. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat; left bank of Gendua River). + + +=D. foetida var. obovata= _Engl._ + +Stems from a thick fleshy tuber; leaves on long slender petioles, +elliptic, ovate or obovate, 1½ in. long, 1 in. broad. Infl. roundish, +with 8-10 linear unequal arms about ⅙ in. long. + +Red Sea Prov. (Katai Geraita). + + +=D. palmata= _Engl._ + +Stemless herb, tuber roundish to broadly conical. Petioles 2-4 in. long; +leaves glabrous, ovate-cordate, dentate or 3-7 sect, 3-4 in. long. +Peduncle 2-4 in. long; erect, narrowly triangular, up to 1½ in. long; +apical bract ¾ in. and 1-2 pairs of bracts from basal angles, ab. ½ in. +long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur; Wau, Jur Ghattas & Mangob). + + +352 =Ficus palmata= _Forsk._ + +Shrub or small tree with milky juice. Leaves alt. ovate-acuminate or +ovate-orbicular and 3-5 lobed, scabrous, 2½-8 in. long. Receptacles +axillary with 3 basal bracts and numerous others round the opening into +the receptacle (ostiole). + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra; Abwo stream, 8,200 +ft.). + + +=F. Sycomorus= _Linn._ GAMEIZ—Arab; FANTEIB—Hadendowa; N’GUHIN +(Dilling), N’GWANI (J. Ghulfan), DULLAM (Tagele) & INDYEIK +(Kadugli)—Nuba; NENSHA—Hameg; KELISHO—Bari; NAGAP (Kaka)—Dinka; NAP +NGOF—Nuer; AWOLAM—Shilluk. + +Very large tree. Leaves alt., suborbicular, 2-5 in. long, subentire, +sometimes somewhat scabrous, 3-nerved at base. Receptacles (Figs) 1 in. +diam., tomentose, in leafless panicles on older wood; basal bracts 2, +ostiolar bracts numerous. + +Found near running water, in most parts of the Sudan, Nubia; Red Sea +Prov. (Suakin, Erkowit); Berber Prov. (Shendi & El Mesherif); Khartoum +Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov.; Bahr El Jebel. + +Wood soft, not durable, used for dug-out canoes and household utensils. +Fruit edible. The wood was used by ancient Egyptians for mummy cases. + + +=F. capensis= _Thunb._ N’GAB (Bahr El Ghazal)—Dinka; GASSE—Golo. + +Shrub of small tree. Leaves oval, 3-nerved at base, 2½-9 in. long; pet. +up to 3 in. long; stip. oblong-lanceolate, villous, caducous. +Receptacles in leafless 1 ft. long panicles on old wood, each obovoid, +up to 1 in. long; basal bracts 3; bracts round prominent ostiole +numerous, hairy. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, Jur Ghattas). + +Fruit edible. + + +=F. Vallis-Choudæ= _Del._ + +Large tree. Leaves broadly ovate, 4-8 in. long, coarsely dentate; pet. +1-2½ in. long; stip. linear-lanceolate, ¾ in. long, deciduous. +Receptacles 1¾ in. diam., axillary, solitary, pear-shaped; basal bracts +small and caducous; ostiolar bracts numerous coriaceous. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Gendua River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam- +land); Nabambisso River); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Wando River). + + +=F. gnaphalocarpa= _A. Rich._ + +Large tree. Leaves orbicular or ovate, cordate, 2-5 in. long, +coriaceous, scabrous at times, obtusely serrate; pet. ¼-3 in. long; +stip. subpersistent, lanceolate-acuminate. Receptacles axillary, +solitary, tomentose, 1½ in. long; basal bracts 3 whorled or scattered +over the receptacle; ostiolar bracts tomentose, ¼ in. long, horizontal +across orifice and retrorse inside it. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Jur; Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Bor). + + +=F. capreæfolia= _Del._ GUEIR or SEYID—Arab; OBA—Hameg. + +Riverside shrub. Leaves nearly all opposite, 3-dentate at apex, 1-4 in. +long, scabrous; pet. ab. ¼ in. long; stipules paired, lanceolate, ¼ in. +long. Receptacles axillary, solitary, ¾ in. diam., bracts 3-4, scattered +on ½ in. long peduncle; ostiole open, bracts imbricate descending into +the orifice. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: banks of the Atbara River near Matamma); +between Matamma & Shendi; Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Blue +Nile Prov. (Wad El Ghazal, Abu Haraz); Kordofan Prov. (Bara); Upper +White Nile Prov. (Fashoda); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: River +Ibba & River Sway, near Dukuttu, Mittu-land: Roah River). + +Fruit edible. + + +=F. urceolaris= _Welw._ + +Shrub or small tree. Leaves alt., unequally elliptic, caudate, 4-9 in. +long, coarsely dentate; pet. ⅓-¾ in. long; stip. ovate, scabrous, ¼ in. +long. Receptacles axillary 1-3 together on young shoots; basal bracts +minute, scattered on peduncle. Ostiole large, bracts imbricate, +mucilaginous, hyaline. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: on the Nabambisso River). + + +=F. storthophylla= _Warb._ + +Shrub or small tree. Leaves obovate-oblanceolate, caudate, 3-6 in. long, +pinnately and laciniately lobed, scabrous; pet. ¼-½ in. long; stip. +deciduous. Receptacles axillary 4 or 2 together, ¼ in. diam., subsessile +with 2-3 basal bracts; ostiole large and slightly protruding, bracts +numerous in and around the orifice. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Atoboru River). + + +=F. sciarophylla= _Warb._ + +Shrub 8 ft. high. Leaves elliptic, coarsely lobulate, acuminate, 6-12 +in. long, whitish villous when young; pet. 1-2 in. long or more; stip. +oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, ab. 1 in. long, glabrous. Receptacle not +known. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: River Hoo). + + +=F. salicifolia= _Vahl._ UMSISI (Baggara)—Arab; TINGALIGALI +(Kadugli)—Nuba. + +Moderate-sized tree; bark light-brown. Leaves lanceolate, veins +reticulate, strongly marked, usually 1-6 in. long; pet. ½-2½ in. long; +stip. linear, 1 in. long, deciduous. Receptacles axillary crowded in +pairs on short peduncles; basal bracts minute, deciduous; ostiole closed +by bracts. + +Blue Nile Prov. (Segeddi); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Kadugli, J. Daier); +Darfur Prov. + + +=F. ingens= _Miq._ + +Tree or shrub. Leaves ovate, cordate, 3-6 in. long, shining; pet. 1 in. +long; stip. not known. Receptacles ⅓ in. diam., axillary, paired; basal +bracts 2, coriaceous; ostiole closed by 3 imbricate bracts. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Gendua River); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Nuba Mts. +Prov. (Talodi); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dukuttu and Jur Ghattas); Bahr El +Jebel (Madi). + + +=F. ingentoides= _Hutchinson._ + +Shrub or small tree, branchlets tomentose. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, +rounded or subcordate at base, shortly acuminate, 2½-5 in. long, entire, +thinly coriaceous; pet. ab. 1 in. long; stip. caducous, coriaceous. +Receptacles axillary on old wood, ½ in. diam., basal bracts persistent; +ostiolar bracts imbricate, visible outside. + +Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, Mid Robo 8,300 ft.). + + +=F. polita= _Vahl._ + +Tree 50 ft. high. Leaves ovate, caudate, 3-6 in. long, rounded or +subcordate at base; pet. up to 4½ in. long; stip. lanceolate-acuminate, +caducous. Receptacles clustered on outgrowths on old wood, 1½ in. diam., +wrinkled; basal bracts 3, triangular, ostiolar bracts retrorse inside +orifice. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Linduku River, Mittu: Mvolo). + + +=F. ovata= _Vahl._ + +Large tree with a wide crown. Leaves oblong-elliptic, shortly acuminate, +7-10 in. long, base rounded or cordate; pet. ab. 2 in. long; stip. +lanceolate-acuminate, caducous, 2 in. long. Receptacles in axillary +pairs, 1-2 in. diam., enclosed when young by lid-like basal bracts; +ostioles small; bracts all internal. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Linduku River & Mansilli River); +Belgian Congo. + + +=F. glumosa= _Del._ TILT—Hadendowa; KWEYI (J. Eliri) & RREK (Kadugli) & +FATAA (J. Daier)—Nuba; LAG—Dinka; GARI—Jur; KELA—Golo. + +Small to large tree. Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, subcordate, up +to 6 in. long, subcoriaceous; pet. up to 2½ in. long; stip. caducous. +Receptacles axillary, paired, ¼ in. diam., basal bracts small; ostiole +small, prominent; bracts internal. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Erkowit); Fung +Prov. (J. Juli, Fazoghli); Kordofan Prov. (J. Kon); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. +Daier, Kadugli & J. Ghulfan); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo & Dar Fertit). + +The bark is used for tanning and the latex for making bird-lime. The +fruit is eaten. + +=var. glaberrima= _Martelli._ SĒMOK—Hadendowa. + +More glabrous than above. + +Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); White +Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Kadugli); Darfur Prov.; Bahr +El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Wau). + +In the Bahr El Ghazal Prov. the bark is used for tanning and also for +making native cloth. + + +=F. Thonningii= _Blume._ + +Tree 40 ft. high. Leaves obovate- or oblong-elliptic, 2-9 in. long, +chartaceous; pet. ½-2½ in. long; stip. deciduous, lanceolate-acuminate, +½ in. long. Recept. axillary, paired, sessile, ¼ in. diam.; basal bracts +3, ovate; ostiole small, boss-like, bracts all internal. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River); Belgian Congo +(Niamniam-land: Wando River). + + +=F. populifolia= _Vahl._ SHEIALA (Dilling)—Nuba. + +Moderate-sized tree, with smooth yellowish bark. Leaves rotundate, +cordate, acuminate, 2½-5 in. long; pet. 1½-3½ in. long; stip. caducous, +linear-lanceolate, acuminate, ab. 1 in. long. Recept. axillary, 2-4 +together, ⅓ in. diam.; basal bracts 2, minute; ostiolar bracts all +included. + +Blue Nile Prov. (Sennar); Fung Prov. (Roseires); White Nile Prov. (J. +Arashkol & Jebelein); Nuba Mts. Prov. (rocky hills); Darfur Prov. + +Fruit edible. + + +=F. mittuensis= _Warb._ + +Differs from following by the prominent umbilical ostiole and the +bifurcate midrib of the leaves. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu: Mvolo). + + +=F. abutilifolia= _Miq._ + +Tree with light-red bark. Leaves broad-cordate, 3-8 in. long and broad; +pet. 2-4 in. long, flattened horizontally; stip. caducous. Recept. +axillary, in pairs, stipitate, ½ in. long, mottled; basal bracts, rim or +cup-like; ostiolar bracts all included. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli). + + +=F. vasta= _Forsk._ + +Large tree. Leaves broadly ovate, deeply cordate, 3-14 in. long, +tomentose; petiole up to 5 in. long; stip. deciduous, 1-3 in. long. +Recept. axillary 2-3 together, ½ in. diam., basal bracts connate at +base, soon breaking from it; ostiole 2-lipped; bracts all included, 2 +larger than the others. + +Nubia (between Suakin & Berber, Khor Harassa); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: +Khor River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Makporru Hill). + + +=F. congensis= _Engl._ KANGARU (J. Eliri)—Nuba; ADOT or ADIT—Jur. + +Large tree. Leaves ovate-cordate, 5-8 in. long, coriaceous; pet. 1-3 in. +long; stip. lanceolate-acuminate, 1-2½ in. long. Receptacles axillary, +in pairs, ⅓ in. diam.; basal bracts 2, connate at base; ostiole +2-lipped; bracts included. + +White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol & Jebelein); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Eliri); +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit: Deim Guju, Jur: between Tonj & Wau, +Bongo: Gir). + + +=F. discifera= _Warb._ KAURDAK (J. Daier)—Nuba. + +Tree; leaf scars on branchlets disk- or horseshoe-shaped, ¼ in. diam. +Leaves very broadly ovate, shortly acuminate, cordate, 4-8 in. long, +2-3½ in. wide; stip. caducous, lanceolate-acuminate, ⅓ in. long. Recept. +probably axillary near ends of shoots ab. ½ in. diam.; basal bracts +connate-saucer-shaped; ostiolar bracts included, 2 larger. + +Nubia; between Gedaref & Abu Haraz (J. Arrang); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. +Daier). + + +=F. platyphylla= _Del._ KURUWANG (J. Eliri), TAL (J. Ghulfan)—Nuba; +KUBO—Bongo; KWEL (Bahr El Ghazal)—Dinka; KUVU, FUNGU or WUNGO—Golo; +KWAYA or PAYO—Jur; KOYO—Krej; ROKKO—Zande. + +Very large tree. Leaves broadly elliptic, deep-cordate, 5-10 in. long; +pet. 3-5 in. long; stip. deciduous, triangular, ⅓ in. long. Recept. +axillary, 2-3 together, ab. ½ in. diam.; basal bracts 2, connate at +base; ostiolar bracts all included. + +Dongola Prov. (Merowe); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli, Singa & Jongol’s Post); +Upper White Nile Prov. (Khor Attar); Sobat River; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Dinka, Jur: Jur Ghattas, Mittu); Bahr El Jebel. + +The latex yields a very resinous rubber of no commercial value. The +Dinkas tap the tree and with the dried latex clean their brass +ornaments. The bark is used for tanning and for making bark cloth and +ropes. + + +=F. iteophylla= _Miq._ + +Epiphyte or tree. Leaves oblanceolate, narrowing at each end, 1½-4 in. +long; pet. 1-2 in. long; stip. deciduous lanceolate, small. Recept. +axillary, crowded on young shoots, ab. ½ in. diam.; basal bracts 2, +caducous, leaving a saucer-like rim; ostiole 2-lipped; bracts included. + +Nuba Mts. Prov. (Homra near Kadugli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur +Ghattas). + + +=F. Dekdekena= _A. Rich._ UMSISI (Kordn.) & SARDOL (Sennar)—Arab; NIHING +(Dilling) & RREK (Kadugli)—Nuba; ARAKH & THARAT—Hameg. + +Tree or epiphyte. Leaves oblanceolate, short-acuminate, undulate, 2-6 +in. long; pet. up to 2½ in. long; stip. ovate-lanceolate, ¼ in. long, +ciliate. Recept. axillary in pairs crowded on young shoots, ⅓ in. diam.; +basal bracts 3, connate at base; ostiole 2-lipped; bracts included, 2 +larger than rest. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli, Roseires); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Khor Ganna, near +Dilling); Blue Nile Prov. (Sheikh Talha); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur +Ghattas). + + +=F. Carica= _Linn._ SHAGAR EL TIN—Arab. The Cultivated Fig. + +It is said to yield a rubber. + +Cultivated for its fruit. + + +353 =Antiaris sp.= + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Wau & Niamniam-land: Mt. Baginze). + + +354 =Treculia africana= _Decne._ + +Tall tree with milky juice and clear bole ⅔ its height. Leaves alt., +elliptic, 3-8 in. long, coriaceous; pet. ¼-½ in. long; stip. caducous, +lanceolate, ½-¾ in. long. Fl. diœcious, capitate in both sexes, arranged +on outside of and densely surrounded by the bracts of the fleshy +receptacle. Male heads axillary short stalked, globose 1-2 in. diam. +Fruit a syncarp up to twice as large as a man’s head, yellowish outside +when ripe. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: near Kulenjo); Belgian Congo +(Niamniam-land: near Assika & Yuru Rivers). + +The seeds are extracted from the fruit, ground into a paste and cooked +by frying in oil. The fruits are of great size, weighing from 13-18 lbs. +It has been estimated that a fruit may contain 1,500 seeds, each about +the size of a haricot bean. + + + =URTICACEÆ.= + + +355 =Fleurya æstuans= _Gaud._ + +Bright green, nettle-like monœcious herb, up to 4 or 6 ft. high. Leaves +alt., ovate, dentate 2-6 in. long, base truncate or slightly cordate, +3-nerved, with appressed stiff hairs on both surfaces; pet. 1-10 in. +long; stip, persistent, subulate, ab. ⅓ in. long. Infl. an axillary +long-stalked panicle, longer than the leaf, the small clusters bisexual +and male on the same panicle, rarely male on separate peduncles. Male +fl. calyx 4-5 partite; sta. 4-5; fem. fl. per. 4-partite, 2 segments +larger. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Gir); Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + + +356 =Urera sp.= HINNAT EL ABELAIN (Sennar)—Arab. + +Shrub, 6-8 ft. high, somewhat like a tall nettle in appearance. + +Blue Nile Prov. (Sennar); Fung Prov. (Saoleil For., under shade). + +The branches having large pith cavities are cut and used as rosaries on +the West Coast. + + +357 =Bœhmeria platyphylla= _D. Don._ + +Shrub, 3-15 ft. high. Leaves mostly opp., broadly ovate, acuminate, +cordate, coarsely toothed, 3-9 in. long, sparsely white-hispid above; +pet. ½-6 in. long. Spikes axillary, longer than leaves, either simple +with male and fem. fl., or branched with male fl. on some branches and +both sexes on others. + +Bahr El Ghazal (Niamniam-land). + +=var. ugandensis= _Rendle._ + +Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Assika River). + + +358 =Parietaria debilis= _Forst._ + +Small, almost translucent herb. Leaves subrotund, ⅓-1½ in. long, base +3-nerved; pet. shorter than blade. Fl. in sessile pairs of cymules in +leaf-axils, polygamous, minute. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 9,700 ft.). + + +359 =Pouzolzia mixta= _Solms._ + +Monœcious shrub, young branches white-hairy. Leaves alt., ovate, +acuminate, ab. 1 in. long, densely hairy above, white-tomentose beneath; +pet. under ¼ in. Fl. monœcious clustered in leaf-axils, fem. fl. +solitary among the numerous males. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli). + + +360 =Forskohlea tenacissima= _Linn._ LUSSAQ or NUSSAQ—Arab. + +Herb, up to 2 ft., woody below, branches with spiny, hooked hairs. +Leaves alt. obovate or rhomboid, crenate-serrate, ½-2 in. long, 3-nerved +at base, hispid above and white-tomentose below; pet. ½ length of blade. +Fl. monœcious embedded in wool within a campanulate involucre. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L., Sallom); Khartoum Prov. (J. Royan and other +rocky hills). + +The bark yields a strong fibre. + + +=F. viridis= _Ehrenb._ + +Not unlike above. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, bluntly toothed, +½-4 in. long, only very sparsely hairy. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L., Khor Tamanib); Khartoum Prov. + + + =CANNABINACEÆ.= + + +361 =Cannabis sativa= _Linn._ HASHISH, KAMANGA & BANGO—Arab. + +The common hemp. + +Upper White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Mongalla Prov. + +The cultivation of the hemp plant is forbidden in the Sudan. Such +specimens as have been found cultivated surreptitiously in clearings in +the forest have been devoid of the resinous excretion characteristic of +the official drug. + + + =CELASTRACEÆ.= + + +362 =Gymnosporia senegalensis= _Lam._ YO’OI or YOI—Arab; +GIRGETTI—Rashida; DABALAB—Hadendowa; MEIRTEN (Dilling)—Nuba; +SURREH—Bari; AKUWAT (L. Powendael)—Dinka; KWOICH—Nuer; GUMBOTO—Golo. + +Spiny or (var. inermis) unarmed shrub. Leaves variable, from obovate to +linear spathulate, coriaceous, entire or crenate. Flowers in axillary +dichotomous cymes, small, greenish-white. Capsule size of a small pea, +usually 2, sometimes 3-valved. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & Has Has); Blue Nile Prov. (near Kamlin); Fung +Prov.; Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Mid zone to 8,000 ft.). + +=var. obovata= _Loes._ + +Blue Nile, White Nile, & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces. + +=var. inermis= _A. Rich._ + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr +El Ghazal Prov. + +=var. spinosa= _Loes._ + +Kassala Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Wad Shellai). + +The wood is close grained, hard and durable, it is often employed for +angareb legs. The ashes are used as a substitute for salt in the Bahr El +Ghazal, and the root bark for dysentery. + + +=G. cf. G. senegalensis= _Lam._ + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Mt. Baginse). + + +=G. sp.= HAMASHINDI—Hadendowa. + +Shrub with coarse, coriaceous leaves. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit). + + +363 =Elæodendron æthiopicum= _Oliv._ =var. Burkeanum= _Loes._ + +Small tree. Leaves rather coriaceous, elliptic-oblong, shining above. +Flowers greenish-yellow in axillary pedunculate cymes or umbels. Ovary +deeply immersed in broad angular disk, 2-3 celled. Fruit an ovoid, +apiculate drupe. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. + + + =HIPPOCRATEACEÆ.= + + +364 =Hippocratea cymosa= _De Wild_ & _Dur._ =var. Schweinfurthiana= +_Loes._ + +Climber. Leaves opposite, oblong-elliptic, crenulate, 2-2¾ in. long, +leathery, reticulate. Flowers densely cymose. Fruits oblong- +oblanceolate, about 1½ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Zeriba Abu Gurun & Bongo-land: Biselli). + + +=H. obtusifolia= _Roxb._ LEVII (J. Eliri)—Nuba; M’KOMVE—Golo. + +Woody climber. Leaves opposite, variable in shape and size, more or less +crenate. Flowers in cymes, often forming terminal panicles, small, +bisexual. Fruit 2 in. long, separating into 3 distinct flat coriaceous +carpels; seeds 4, compressed, winged. + +Nuba Mts. Prov. (by water courses); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-Ghattas). + + +365 =Salacia Ducis-Wurtembergiæ= _Hochst._ + +Shrub; branches with ashen bark. Leaves obovate, obtusely serrate, much +reticulated. Panicles axillary, dichotomous; flowers small. Fruit +baccate, 1-3 celled. + +Nubia; Blue Nile Prov. + + +=S. sp.= + +Leaves subopposite, oblong-elliptic, obtusely acuminate, about 6 in. +long, 2 in. broad, thin, crenate; flowers not seen. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: River Ibba near Nganye). + + + =SALVADORACEÆ.= + + +366 =Dobera Roxburghii= _Planch._ MEIK—Hadendowa; MEIKAH—Arab. + +Large, much branched tree, finely pubescent above. Leaves opp., simple, +coriaceous, ovate or variable in shape, 2-3 in. long, thinly white- +pubescent beneath. Fl. small, polygamous, in axillary panicles shorter +than leaves; calyx 3-5 lobed; petals 4-5 free, st. 4-5, filaments +monadelphous, ovary 1-celled. + +Red Sea Prov. (Khors Ashat & Gateb); Dongola Prov. (Wadi El Merakh); +Kordofan Prov. + +The flowers and leaves are used to perfume water. + + +367 =Salvadora persica= _Linn._ EL RAK, ARAKA & SHAU—Arab; KURREH & +LUFARI—Bari; ASHWEL or KWUIL (Mongalla Prov.); ASHWAL (Renk), +AGOWYAK-WYAK (Kaka) & AKIUL (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka; PAU & KWIL—Nuer; +OBAILOH—Shilluk. The Mustard tree. + +Diffuse shrub or small tree, glabrous. Leaves opp. entire, coriaceous, +oblong, 2-3 in. long. Fl. very small, greenish-white in panicles from +ends of branches or axillary, 4-merous; st. free. + +Throughout the Sudan. + +The leaves when chewed taste like mustard. The twigs are extensively +used by natives as tooth-brushes (called MISWAK in Arabic). The seeds +yield a bright green oil. A decoction of the bark is used as a vesicant. +The berries are eaten. The tree is said to yield a resin which is useful +in manufacture of varnish. + + + =OLACACEÆ.= + + +368 =Ximenia americana= _Linn._ KALTO, ALANKUWE, ABUKHAMEIRA, MIDEKA +(Baggara)—Arab; EIL HĀSAL—Hadendowa; DILLUM (J. Daier), NALTI (Dilling), +DUNGUR (J. Eliri) & TINDURE (Kadugli)—Nuba; MELAT—Dinka; ALEMA—Jur; +ALIMU, KRUPU & RUPU—Golo; BIBI—Hameg; M’VOLO—Bongo. + +Shrub, or more rarely small tree, armed with sharp spines. Leaves +alternate, simple, entire, oval, 1-2 in. long. Flowers white, in short- +stalked racemes; stamens 8-10; ovary 4-celled. Fruit a drupe, ab. 1 in. +diam., yellow when ripe, acidulated, edible. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung; White Nile, +Kordofan & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces; Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + +The wood is used as a substitute for Sandalwood; it is very heavy and +close grained; the bark is employed for tanning leather. The fruit is +eaten, and is useful in cases of habitual constipation and gastric +troubles. The kernel yields a white vegetable butter (Wood). + + + =OPILIACEÆ.= + + +369 =Opilia amentacea= _Roxb._ KAYU—Bari; KIUNGWAN (Mongalla)—Dinka; +ZEBALABA—Golo. + +Climbing shrub; branchlets finely pubescent. Leaves lanceolate to ovate- +lanceolate, often sub-falcate. Flowers minute; yellow in axillary, +bracteate spikes, pentamerous. Fruit a drupe, ovoid, ab. ½ in. long. + +Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. (near Dilling); Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (two varieties); Mongalla Prov. + + + =LORANTHACEÆ.= + + +370 =Loranthus curviflorus= _Benth._ + +Woody, evergreen tree-parasite; twigs jointed. Leaves opp. or alt., +linear to ovate-oblong, ¾-2½ in. long; umbels solitary 4-6 flowered; +peduncle ¼ in. long; bract minute; calyx minute; cor. 1¾ in. long, of 5 +separate petals reflexed above the middle; st. 5, under 1 in. long, +inserted near base of petals. Fr. baccate. + +Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° Lat. N.). + + +=L. Acaciæ= _Zucc._ GULA (Blue Nile), ANABA or SAM (Baggara), ABU HAMĀDA +or ABHAMĀDA (North Sudan)—Arab; HAMILTOB—Rashida; INGYIL (Dilling) & +ANABA (Kadugli)—Nuba. + +Parasitic, as above. Leaves opp. or subopp., oblong to lanceol.-oblong, +1½-4½ in. long. Umbels axillary, 1-2 flowered. Fl. 5-merous, +gamopetalous, scarlet, 1½ in. long, cor. 5, gibbous at base; lobes +reflexed from the middle, but slit to within ¼ in. of base. + +Widely distributed. Red Sea Prov.; Dongola Prov. (Wad El Merakh); Berber +Prov.; Kassala Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Jebelein); +Kordofan Prov. (Melbes); Darfur Prov. (Surutj District, Wadi Hashaba). + +Good camel fodder. Host plants are _Cordia Rothii_, _Acacia Seyal_, +_Sesbania ægyptiaca_, _Tamarix articulata_, _Acacia Suma_, _Zizyphus +mucronata_. + + +=L. Dregei= _Eckl._ & _Zeyh._ =var. kerenicus= _Sprague._ + +Parasite, as above; young parts rusty-tomentose. Leaves ovate-oblong to +suborbicular 1½-3 in. long, opp. Heads axillary, fascicled, 2-4 +flowered; bracts spoon-shaped, ¼ in. long; cor. 2 in. long, densely +silky rufous-hairy, base gibbous; lobes reflexed from ab. the middle; +anthers linear, 2-horned. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma). + +Parasitic on _Combretum Hartmannianum_. + + +=L. djurensis= _Engl._ + +Parasitic. Leaves opp. or alt., ovate or lanceolate, 2-4 in. long. +Umbels 3-5 flowered; cor. 1¾ in. long, tube funnel-shaped, split down +one side, ribbed; lobes 5, erect ⅓ in. long, strap-shaped, separating +from below upwards; st. 5, ¼ in. long, inserted high up. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur; Wau River). + + +=L. platyphyllus= _Hochst._ + +Parasitic. Leaves variable in insertion and shape, lanceolate to +obovate, up to 4½ in. long. Umbels axillary, solitary 5-8 flowered; cor. +orange-red, ab. 2 in. long, tube split down one side, shorter than lobes +which are erect, separating from below upwards. + +Fung Prov. (Danga, Jongol’s Post District). + + +=L. globiferus= _A. Rich._ =var. verrucosus= _Sprague._ AMAU—Jur. + +Parasitic. Leaves ovate- to lanceolate-oblong 1-4½ in. long, thick. +Umbels axillary, fascicled, 4-6 flowered; cor. ab. 1½ in. long, swollen +above and at base, reddish; tube slit on one side; cor. lobes ¼ in. +long, reflexed, spathulate; st. short. + +Nubia (between Korosko & Berber); Blue Nile Prov. (Wad Medani, Sennar, +Rahad); Fung. Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; +Darfur Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Jur-land); Mongalla Prov. (Atem Branch at Jonglei). + +The root is said to be used in the Bahr El Ghazal Province for making a +lotion for itch. + +Host plants are _Khaya senegalensis_, _Zizyphus mucronata_, _Cratæva +religiosa_ and _Acacia tortilis_. + +=var. salicifolius= _Sprague._ + +Leaves lin.-lanceolate or lin.-oblanceolate, 2½-4 in. long. + +Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 7,000 ft.) + +Parasitic on a _Cordia_. + + +=L. Schweinfurthii= _Engl._ + +Parasitic. Leaves opp. or subopp., broadly ovate, 2-3 in. long, cuneate +to cordate. Umbels axillary, solitary, 9-10 flowered; cor. under 1½ in. +long, pilose outside, swollen at each end; tube slit ab. ½ in. down; +lobes erect, ⅓ in. long, spoon-shaped; filaments toothed near apex. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: J. Ghattas). + +Parasitic on _Ficus platyphylla_ Del. + + +=L. celtidifolius= _Engl._ + +Parasite; young parts rusty-pilose; branchlets lenticellate. Leaves opp. +or subopp., ovate-oblong, 1½-3 in. long. Umbels axillary, solitary or +ternate, 9-13 flowered; cor. showy, scarlet, 1⅓ in. long, swollen both +ends; upper end 5-keeled, tube slit ½ in. down; lobes erect, spoon- +shaped; filam. toothed. + +Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 6,500-8,000 ft). + + + =SANTALACEÆ.= + + +371 =Thesium Schweinfurthii= _Engl._ + +Spreading perennial, up to 9 in. high; branches 4-angled. Leaves ab. ¾ +in. long, linear, keeled. Infl. arranged raceme-like at ends of short +branches and subtended by ⅓ in. long bract and 2 small bracteoles; per. +minute, green, 4-5 lobed, valvate, hairy at tip; st. 4-5 small. Fr. +globose, 10-ribbed, minute. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Khor Mulmul). + + + =RHAMNACEÆ.= + + +372 =Zizyphus orthacantha= _DC._ + +Shrub or small tree, armed or unarmed. Leaves oblong to orbicular, 3-5 +nerved from the base, glabrous above, shortly ferruginous-tomentose +below and on extremities. Flowers greenish, in small axillary cymes. +Fruit edible. + +Kordofan Prov. (Masgul & J. Sungor); Upper Nile Prov. (Kodok). + + +=Z. abyssinica= _Hochst._ + +Differs from above in its broadly ovate, acute leaves, very oblique at +the base and 2-5 in. long. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas: Bongo-land: +Sabbi); Fung Prov. (Roseires); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Kadugli). + + +=Z. Spina-Christi= _Lam._ SIDDIR & NABAK—Arab; BUSA (fruit GHOT)—Hameg. + +Very thorny shrub; prickles usually one straight and one recurved. +Leaves ovate to lanceolate, equal at the base, crenate-serrate, 1-3 in. +long. Fruit edible. + +Khartoum Prov. (6th cataract); Blue Nile Prov. (Eilafun); North Sudan. + + +=Z. mucronata= _Willd._ SIDDIR, & NABBAK EL FIL—Arab; GABĀT & +TAGABA—Hadendowa; KASSLA—Rashida; KWAII (Dilling), TITTAWYI (J. Eliri) & +TINGRA (Kadugli)—Nuba; LĀNG—Shilluk; LANGI & LUKATI—Bari; LĀNG (Kaka & +Kenissa) or LĀNT (Kenissa) & LANF (Renk)—Dinka; BWAU—Nuer; OM +KURSAN—Hameg. + +Small tree or large shrub, armed or unarmed. Leaves broadly ovate or +ovate-cordate mucronate, crenate-serrate. Cymes 10-20 flowered. + +Red Sea Prov.; Kassala Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (mouth of Bahr El +Arab); Red Sea Prov.; White Nile Provinces; Nuba Mts. Prov.; Mongalla +Prov. + +The fruit is edible; the wood is light pink in colour, hard and durable. + + +373 =Mæsopsis sp.= + +Tree 20 ft.; branchlets lenticellate. Leaves obovate, obtusely +acuminate, 4-4½ in. long, 2-2½ in. broad, glabrous. Young fruits +globose, small, with the style persistent. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + + =AMPELIDACEÆ (or VITACEÆ).= + + +374 =Ampelocissus abyssinica= _Hochst._ + +Woody climber; leaves 3-lobed, glabrous, rotundate-cordate. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: by the Gendua River). + + +=A. cavicaulis= _Pl._ + +Leaves large, palmate to pedate-partite, 5 principal lobes reaching ⅔ or +¾ of the way down. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir, & Niamniam-land: by the +Nabambisso River). + + +=A. pentaphylla= _Pl._ + +Semi-herbaceous climber. Leaves 3-5 partite, lobes linear, loosely +serrate. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land); Bahr El Jebel (Mongalla Prov. & Madi). + + +=A. Grantii= _Pl._ + +Climber; leaves almost rotundate, slightly or deeply 5-lobed. + +White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-Ghattas). + + +=A. Schimperiana= _Hochst._ + +Strong woody climber. Leaves large, slightly 5-lobed, rufous-villous +when young. Fruit oblong, edible. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat). + + +=A. cinnamochroa= _Pl._ + +Much like the preceding. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land). + + +=A. bombycina= _Pl._ + +Leaves distinctly 3-5 lobed with rounded sinuses; young shoots densely +silky-tomentose; stems herbaceous. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River). + + +=A. sarcocephala= _Pl._ + +Leaves 5-partite; segments lanceolate. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +375 =Cissus populnea= _Guill._ & _Perr._ + +Leaves almost rotundate, undivided, slightly mucronate. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land & Dar Fertit). + +Large creeper used for jungle ropes. + + +=C. bignonioides= _Schweinf._ + +Fairly large climber with corky stems; leaves ovate, cordate. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Boddo River). + + +=C. rubiginosa= _Pl._ KISKI—Zande. + +Leaves almost pentagonal, denticulate; leaves and shoots with dense +silky rusty tomentum. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Kishi River). + + +=C. producta= _Afzel._ BULAKOLIN (Bahr El Ghazal)—Dinka; YIAD—Jur. + +Ascending undershrub or woody climber; leaves simple, lanceolate; joints +thickened. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. + +The tubers, which are spindle-shaped, are used by Dinkas against tse-tse +bites on animals, an emulsion of crushed tubers and water is rubbed over +the animals’ bodies and a small quantity is also given to them to drink +as a preventive. + + +=C. cornifolia= _Baker._ + +Sub-erect undershrub, densely ferruginous when young. Leaves 3-nerved, +palmate or ovate. + +Nuba Mts. Prov. (near J. Eliri); Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Bahr El Jebel +(Madi). + +Fruit edible. + + +=C. quadrangularis= _Linn._ SALA’ALA’A or SALALA—Arab; METOWI—Rashida; +KĀT-UT—Hadendowa; ATETE (J. Daier) & ULGYIN (Dilling)—Nuba; +MOJUNGI—Bari; ARENG (L. Powendael), & ARNIK (Kenissa & Renk)—Dinka; +MEREKOTI—Golo; MERISH—Hameg; MUNDA—Burun; DEUGANAI—Nuer. + +Climber with fleshy quadrangular stem, leafless part of the year. Leaves +ovate to 3-lobed. + +Throughout the greater part of the Sudan, especially Nubia. + +A preserve of stem, boiled in water, is said to be a useful stomachic. +The juice is used by camel-men to cleanse and heal saddle-galls, and +other sores of camels. In the Bahr El Ghazal it is said to be used for +poisoning arrows. + + +=C. palmatifida= _Baker._ + +Sub-erect, woody. Leaves 3-5 lobed, often cut deep down; finely villous +on upper and densely grey matted on under surface. Petals 4. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: below Dimoh & Atena River). + + +=C. aralioides= _Welw._ + +Climber, woody below, glabrous. Leaves 5-fol.; leaflets oblong or +slightly obovate 2-3 in. long, faintly denticulate. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land). + + +=C. Ibuensis= _Hook. f._ LIF—Arab. + +Herbaceous climber. Leaves 3-fol., irregularly serrate-dentate; fruit +size of a pea. + +Nile (between Khartoum & Berber); Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Kordofan +Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land); Mongalla Prov. + + +=C. alnifolia= _Schweinfth._ + +Herb 6 ft. high. Leaves simple, sessile, ovate-orbicular, 5 in. broad, +denticulate, puberulous below; stipules triangular, acute, ⅓ in. long. +Cymes terminal, glandular. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Kuddu). + + +=C. juncea= _Webb._ + +Stem erect; leaves sessile; leaflets 3, subequal, oblong-lanceolate, 6-7 +in. long, membranous. Root tuberous. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat). + + +=C. crinita= _Planch._ + +Stem hairy; leaves long 3-5 fol. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat). + + +=C. crotalaroides= _Schwfth._ + +Erect undershrub. Leaves sessile. Leaflets oblanceolate, acute, 5-6 in. +long, 1-1½ in. broad, doubly serrate, puberulous below. Fruits +pubescent. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (near Deim Zubeir & Jur-land: Zeriba Abu-Gurun). + + +=C. adenantha= _Fresen._ LODOREH—Bari. + +Green climber; leaves pedate, with 4-7 leaflets. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla). + + +=C. adenocaulis= _Steud._ + +Stem, woody, trailing; leaves compound, one terminal leaflet and one +pair on either side, or, sometimes, 7 leaflets. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur & Niamniam-lands). + + +=C. Schweinfurthii= _Pl._ + +Leaves trifoliolate, sessile; leaflets oblanceolate, repand-dentate, +about 4 in. long, 1¼ in. broad, shortly pubescent below. Cymes +tomentose. Tendrils much twisted. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Jur Ghattas & Bongo-land: Addai). + + +=C. serpens= _Hochst._ + +Stout herbaceous climber. Leaves digitately 5-7 fol.; sessile or short- +stalked. Leaflets obovate-lanceolate, irregularly inciso-dentate, the +veins beneath grey-downy. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Kordofan Prov. (Umlabia). + + +=C. pallida= _Wight._ & _Arn._ ABANGIUR—Dinka; DELE—Golo. + +Trailing or slightly climbing, semi-woody shrub. Leaves cordate, not +lobed, faintly denticulate, glabrous. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. + + +=C. mossambicensis= _Klotzsch._ + +Woody climber. Leaves orbicular or reniform, more or less entire to +deeply 5-lobed, with irregular, mucronate teeth. Flowers in densely +compound lateral cymes. + +Mongalla Prov. + + +=C. gracilis= _Guill._ & _Perr._ + +Slender climber. Leaves pedate; leaflets 5, the shorter forked, all thin +of texture. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat). + + +=C. intricata= _Baker._ LIF or LUFA—Arab. + +Slender woody climber; leaflets 3-5, pedate, firmly membranous. Flowers +in 4-6 in. broad cymes. + +White Nile Prov. + + +=C. Thonningii= _Baker._ + +Leaves 3-5 fol., serrate; leaflets distinctly stalked, edges loosely +crenate. Flowers in lax, branched cymes. 4-6 in. broad. + +Nuba Mts. Prov. (Dilling). + + +=C. Figariana= _Webb._ + +Erect, hairy undershrub. Leaves 5-7 fol. + +Nubia. + + +=C. cyphopetala= _Pres._ + +Climber with puberulous stems and softly tomentose serrate leaflets and +broad open cymes of small flowers. + +Red Sea Prov. (Has Has). + + + =RUTACEÆ.= + + +376 =Ruta tuberculata= _Forsk._ + +Herb with tubercled glands; leaves linear, with pellucid glands. Flowers +usually 5-merous; petals entire. + +Nubia; Berber Prov. (Berber Desert); Khartoum Prov. (Halfaya); White +Nile Prov.; Red Sea Prov. (Khors, Karora-hills). + +Yields a volatile oil, which may act as an irritant when the plant is +handled. + + +377 =Teclea nobilis= _Hook. f._ FURFURRUK (J. Daier)—Nuba; FIK—Bari; +SEKIA—Golo. + +Unarmed large shrub or small tree; leaves 3-fol., large. Flowers +unisexual. Male flowers 4-merous, sessile in branching panicles shorter +than leaves. Female flowers in short axillary spikes. + +Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Wau, Bongo-land: +Dukuttu & Mittu-land: by the Rohl River); Mongalla Prov. (Sh. Tombé). + +The wood is used for spear shafts in Bahr El Ghazal and for bark mallets +in Uganda. + + +377a =Toddalia aculeata= _Pers._ + +Erect or scrambling shrub, armed with recurved prickles. Leaves 3-fol., +alternate, with pellucid glands; petioles often with prickles beneath. +Flowers unisexual, cream coloured, panicled. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +378 =Clausena anisata= _Oliv._ + +Shrub with pinnate leaves, which are 6-12 in. long; leaflets 10-20, +ovate or ovate-oblong. Flowers white, numerous on axillary, paniculate +cymes; stamens 8-10. Berry 1-seeded. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (between Wau & Deim Zubeir). + + +379 =Citrus Aurantium= _Linn._ + +=var. amara= L. NARING—Arab. The Bitter Orange. + +Grown throughout the country in gardens; frequently used as a stock for +the sweet orange, mandarin and sweet lemon. + +=var. sinensis= _Gall. Citr._ BORTUGAN—Arab. The Sweet Orange. + +Grown throughout the country in gardens. + + +=C. decumana= _Linn._ LIMUN HINDI—Arab. The Grape Fruit or Shaddock. + +Occasionally found in gardens. + + +=C. medica= _Linn._ =var. Limon= _Gall. Citr._ + +=subvar. acris.= LIMUN BALADI—Arab. The Lime. + +Grown everywhere in gardens and frequently on Sagias. + +=subvar. Limetta= _Risso._ LIMUN HELLU—Arab. The Lemon. + +Cultivated in gardens. + + +=C. nobilis= _Lour._ YUSEF EFFENDI—Arab. The Mandarin. + +Cultivated in gardens. + + + =SIMARUBACEÆ.= + + +380 =Hannoa Schweinfurthii= _Oliv._ + +Shoots clustered from the old wood. Leaves pinnate; leaflets linear- +oblanceolate, leathery, up to 6 in. long, glabrous, with sunken nerves. +Flowers racemose few. Fruits oblong-ovoid, ¾ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Mts. Nga, near Maalah). + + +381 =Irvingia Smithii= _Hook. f._ + +Tree, 40 ft. high. Leaves coriaceous, ovate-elliptical, rounded at base +and more or less cordate, 2-4 in. long. Flowers pale yellow in narrow, +subpaniculate racemes. Fruit oblong, 1½ in. long. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam- +land: by the Hu River). + +The fruit is of no value. The wood is white and very hard. + + +=I. sp.= DARITAR—Dinka; AKOS—Jur; BILI & M’BILI or TIRI—Golo. + +Large, smooth stemmed, riverside tree. Flowers white, fruit blue +drupaceous. Very like the foregoing species. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau). + +The timber is white, hard, and takes a good polish. It is used for boat- +building. + + +382 =Balanites ægyptiaca= _Del._ HEGLIG—Arab; ’SASSUD & +SHASHOT—Hadendowa; KORAK (J. Daier), TIRA (Dilling & J. Ghulfan), KURI +(J. Eliri) & N’DMUSSO (Kadugli)—Nuba; KHA—Hameg; SORONGO—Golo; LALLOK & +LUMILI—Bari; TAU (usual) & TU (Kaka)—Dinka; TAU—Jur & Nuer; TU—Shilluk; +TOAN—Burun; Fruit LALOB—Arab; FIATH—Nuer (young tree). + +Large tree armed with straight green spines, which are supra-axillary or +axillary. Leaves 2-fol., entire. Flowers axillary, solitary or in pairs, +greenish-white. Disk fleshy, covered with white hairs. Drupe up to 2 in. +long, with a bony endocarp. + +Found throughout the greater part of the Sudan especially in the Fung +and Upper White Nile Provinces. + +=var. membranacea= _Van Tiegh._ + +Dongola Prov. (Debba). + +The fruit, called LALOB, is edible; it has a bitter sweet flavour and +aperient qualities. The root, bark and leaves are purgative, and act as +a vermifuge. The kernel yields an oil which is used as an unguent. The +wood is hard, compact and fine grained, it is durable and resists the +attacks of insects. The bark yields a strong fibre, and is also used as +a soap for washing clothes. + + +383 =Harrisonia abyssinica= _Oliv._ KARB EL WADI—Arab; KIREILLI—Bari. + +Large shrub; leaves imparipinnate, with winged petiole; leaflets 3 pairs +and an odd one. Flowers small in axillary or subterminal cymes. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Jebel; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo- +land: Gir & Addai, Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River). + + +384 =Klainedoxa oblongifolia= _Stapf._ + +Shrub 15 ft. high. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, about 12 in. long and 4 in. +broad on the young shoots, the older shoots with much smaller leaves; +stipules very long (about 6 in.) acuminate. Fruits very hard, +4-6-angled, 1½ in. in diam. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + + =BURSERACEÆ.= + + +385 =Boswellia papyrifera= _A. Rich._ ROTARO, or RUTRUT, TAKTAK (Abu +Gibeiha) or TARAKTARAK (Talodi) (Baggara), GAFĀL—Arab; HĀDA (Dilling) & +LAGI (J. Eliri)—Nuba; GULGULA—Hameg. Called “Elephant tree” by Europeans +because elephants feed on it. + +Tree with imparipinnate leaves and papery bark, often found on +quartzitic soils. Flowers pink, in umbellate racemes, appearing before +the leaves, hermaphrodite; stamens 10. Capsule trigonous, 1 in. long. + +Fung Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov., Darfur Province. + +Yields a fragrant resin. + + +386 =Commiphora Opobalsamum= _Engl._ + +Spineless shrub or small tree. Leaflets 3-5, entire or slightly +undulate; leaves scattered or in fascicles. Flowers small, fascicled. + +Red Sea Prov. (Suakin). + +Yields the “Mecca Balsam” or “Balm of Gilead.” It is much used in Cairo +as medicine. The fruit is considered a powerful carminative and +digestive. + + +=C. erythræa= _Engl._ + +Small tree. Leaflets 3, obovate, pubescent, the terminal one about 1½ +in. long, crenulate. Fruits subglobose, pubescent, about ⅓ in. long. + +Red Sea Prov. (coast). + + +=C. quadricincta= _Schweinfth._ + +Small bushy tree, growing on rocky hills; branches spiny. Leaves simple, +ovate-elliptic, rounded at the apex, 1¼ in. long, ½-¾ in. broad, +glabrous, long-stalked. Fruits 4-winged. + +Kassala Prov. (J. Erimbat at Goz Regeb). + + +=C. abyssinica= _Engl._ + +Small tree with spiny branches. Leaves trifoliolate but sessile or +subsessile and thus appearing simple; leaflets obovate, crenate, +glabrous, about 1¼ in. long. Fruit ovoid, acute, ⅓ in. long, glabrous. + +Kassala Prov. (near J. Langeb); Red Sea Prov. (J. Shabba, south of +Suakin). + + +=C. africana= _Engl._ GAFĀL—Arab; KIRBI (Dilling)—Nuba; TOWOLLO—Burun. + +Small spiny tree. Leaves usually 3-fol.; leaflets cuneate, broadly +crenate-serrate. Flowers fasciculate. Drupe subglobose, slightly +oblique. + +Kordofan & Nuba Mts. Provinces. + +The resin is a form of Bdellium, a drug resembling Myrrh. + + +=C. pedunculata= _Engl._ LUBAN—Arab; HĀDA (Dilling)—Nuba; +DAMFULAN—Hameg. + +Small tree. Leaves more or less fascicled at extremities; leaflets 5-11, +serrate-dentate, pubescent. Flowers in pedunculate, axillary, few- +flowered cymes. + +Fung, Kordofan, Nuba Mts. & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces. + +Yields a resin similar to Olibanum. + + +387 =Canarium Schweinfurthii= _Engl._ + +Large tree with imparipinnate leaves; leaflets oblong, acuminate, +subcordate at the base, about 6 in. long and 1½ in. broad, softly +pubescent on the nerves below. Flowers in panicles with large bracts. + +Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Yuru River); Lado District. + +The sap-wood is whitish, the heart-wood rose-colour, similar to a Khaya; +useful for carpentry. The resin is used by the Niamniam for torches, and +when ground down with oil for anointing the body. Fruit eaten. + + + =MELIACEÆ.= + + +388 =Turræa Vogelii= _Hook. f._ + +Shrub or small tree. Leaves simple, alternate, elliptical, entire. +Flowers white, on axillary peduncles bearing 2-10 umbellate pedicels; +stamens 10, monadelphous; staminal tube with subulate teeth; anthers +apiculate. Ovary 9-12 celled. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +=T. nilotica= _Kotschy_ & _Peyr._ KHARIF (J. El Amira)—Nuba. + +Shrub or small tree. Leaves obovate obtuse, tomentose beneath. Flowers +in many-flowered umbellate, sessile fascicles. Teeth of staminal tube +triangular or oblong. Ovary 10-celled. + +Nuba Mts. Prov. (Dar Nuba on rocky hills); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo- +land: by the Pwah); Bahr El Jebel. + + +389 =Azadirachta indica= _A. Juss._ + +Large tree; leaves imparipinnate. Leaflets 2-9 pairs with a terminal +one, which is sometimes wanting. Flowers white, honey-scented. Drupe +size of an olive, purple when ripe, 1-celled. + +Introduced. The Neem Tree of India. + +A handsome quick-growing shade tree, suitable to dry localities, and a +great improvement on the “Persian Lilac.” The timber is valuable, and +grows to a useful size. + + +390 =Melia Azedarach= _Linn._ ZINZILAKH (Egypt)—Arab. Persian lilac. + +Moderate-sized tree with bipinnate leaves. Drupe ovoid, yellow when +ripe; flowers white and purple, scented. Fruit 5-celled; endocarp bony. + +Introduced. Khartoum Prov., etc. + + +391 =Ekebergia Rüppeliana= _A. Rich._ + +Tree; fruit fleshy, globose, 2-celled. Leaves 6-12 in. long, +imparipinnate, collected at the extremities; leaflets 5-9, coriaceous. +Flowers in axillary, pedunculate racemes. Stamens 10 monadelphous, +margin of tube dentate. + +Fung Prov. + + +392 =Trichilia emetica= _Vahl._ UM-SHARA, UMHAGRI & occasionally DABKAR +(Baggara)—Arab; TISHU—Hameg; HORURI (Dilling)—Nuba. + +Tree with pinnate leaves and pubescent young parts; leaflets 7-10, +obtuse, pubescent beneath. Flowers ¾ in. diam., in short axillary +panicles; stamens 8-10 monadelphous. Capsule 3-valved; seeds with a +scarlet arillus. + +Blue Nile Prov. (Medani & Khor Dahab); Fung, White Nile, Nuba Mts. & +Bahr El Ghazal Provinces; Mongalla Prov. (Hillet El Nuer & Gondokoro). + +The seeds yield an oil which is used in cookery and in soap-making. The +wood polishes well and makes pretty furniture. The bark is said to act +as an emetic when given in small doses. + + +=T. retusa= _Oliv._ SABRONGO—Golo. + +Small tree with white flowers in axillary panicles; fruit a flat +capsule. Leaves 3-5 fol., leaflets retuse-truncate. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Khors). + +The ashes of the leaves are used as a substitute for salt. + + +393 =Khaya senegalensis= _A. Juss._ HOMRA, HOMRAYA or MURRAYA—Arab; +TIT—Dinka; BELE—Golo; TIDO or TIRO—Jur; KIR—Bari; BOGU—Zande. + +Large tree with abruptly pinnate leaves. Flowers white, in large +panicles, unisexual; fruit a globose capsule, 2½ in. diam., dehiscing +into 4 valves. Seeds flat, disk-like with a winged membranous edge. + +Darfur, Bahr El Ghazal & Mongalla Provinces. + +African Mahogany. The wood cuts into very fine planks, and is suitable +for cabinet work and joinery. Oil from the seeds is said to be used to +keep flies from cattle. + + +=K. Dawei= _Stapf._ BOGU—Zande. + +A very large tree. Leaves pinnate; leaflets obliquely elliptic, shortly +acuminate, about 6 in. long and 2 in. broad, glabrous. Flowers small, +paniculate. Sepals and petals rounded. Stamens in a tube. Fruits +subglobose. Seeds winged. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Linduku stream). Mongalla +Prov. + + +394 =Pseudocedrela Kotschyi= _Harms._ DURUBA—Arab; POIK (Goz El Siada) & +PHUT (Bahr El Ghazal)—Dinka; GUMBERTI and ZILI—Golo; PHUT—Jur; +KOLKO—Burun; RIR—Nuer; N’ZUMMUNIA—Zande; KAHILI—Bongo. + +Small to moderate sized tree, with rough bark. Leaves pinnate; leaflets +alternate, 4-7 pairs, up to 2 in. long, loosely dentate, pubescent. +Flowers in axillary panicles, unisexual, white, crowded towards ends of +branches. Fruit a 4-5 in. long, somewhat pyriform capsule, splitting +into 4-5 valves; seed with a long wing on one side. + +Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat +River); Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + +The wood is handsome and fragrant and is suited to the manufacture of +gun stocks and for joinery. + + +=P. sp.= + +Leaflets sub-opposite, about 3 pairs, the terminal leaflet largest, all +oblong-lanceolate, subacute, 3½-5 in. long, 1-1½ in. broad, closely +reticulate, glabrous. Flowers in lax, slender panicles. Buds subglobose, +glabrous. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit: Deim Guju). + + + =SAPINDACEÆ.= + + +395 =Paullinia pinnata= _Linn._ + +Semi-herbaceous climber. Leaves imparipinnate, 5-fol.; stalk winged. +Flowers small, white, numerous, clustered on racemes 3-4 in. long, with +a woody spiral tendril at the base. Capsule woody 3-angled. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. to Belgian Congo Border. + +The leaves and roots are used on the Gold Coast for dysentery. The bark +of the root contains a narcotic poison; both it and the seeds are used +for stupefying fish. + + +396 =Cardiospermum Corindum= _Linn._ + +Slender climber with watch-spring-like tendrils. Leaves imparipinnate, +leaflets toothed, pubescent below; stalk not winged. Flowers pale +yellow. Fruits bladdery. + +Red Sea Prov. (near Erkowit & 21° N.L.). + + +=C. Halicacabum= _Linn._ GODOBO (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka. + +Slender herbaceous climber with bi-ternate leaves and inflated, 3-valved +roundish membranous capsule. Flowers white; tendrils opposite, +circinate. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El +Zeraf); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land, Gumango Hill). + +=var. microcarpum= _H.B._ & _K._ + +Similar to above but capsule smaller and obversely deltoid. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov.; Upper White Nile +Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); Mongalla Prov. + +The root is described as possessing emetic, laxative, stomachic and +rubefacient properties. The leaves and young stems are sometimes cooked +as a vegetable, the seeds are used as a tonic. + + +397 =Schmidelia rubifolia= _Hochst._ SUMEIMA (Fung)—Arab; MEREMERET (J. +Daier)—Nuba. + +Low tree with 3-fol. leaves, without stipules. Leaflets obovate-cuneate, +more or less crenate, the lower surface grey-downy. Flowers on axillary +racemes 2-3 in. long. + +Fung Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. (Kadugli & J. Daier); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Dar Fertit & Jur-land); Mongalla Prov. + + +=S. africana= _DC._ + +Tree, 30-40 ft. high. Leaflets 3, nearly sessile, the central one 4-6 +in. long, oblong-cuneate, with the cuneate base entire and upper edges +distantly and bluntly toothed. Flowers in axillary and terminal +panicles. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land & Niamniam-land: at Tuhami’s Zariba). + +The fruits are used in Abyssinia as a remedy for tapeworm; the wood is +described as very strong and close grained. + + +=S. Schweinfurthii= _Gilg._ + +Shrub; leaves 3-fol.; leaflets obovate-oblanceolate, acute, denticulate +in the upper part, 3½-5 in. long, 1½-2 in. broad, glabrous. Panicles +lax, long and slender, puberulous. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River). + + +=S. cf. S. Schweinfurthii= _Gilg._ TULŪNG (J. Eliri)—Nuba. + +Shrub; leaves 3-fol. + +Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Eliri). + + +=S. sp. (or Rhus sp.).= KURINYIL (J. Eliri)—Nuba. + +Shrub; leaves 3-fol. + +Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Eliri). + + +398 =Aporrhiza paniculata= _Radlk._ + +Tree. Leaves pinnate; leaflets oblong-elliptic, emarginate, about 6 in. +long and 2½ in. broad, reticulate, glabrous. Flowers small, widely +paniculate. Fruits 2-lobed, flat, 1 in. broad, tomentose. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River). + + +399 =Dodonæa viscosa= _Linn._ TATTAS—Hadendowa; TASHAS—Rashida. + +Shrub or small tree with glossy, linear-lanceolate leaves. Flowers +polygamous, in short terminal panicles, yellowish; sepals 5; petals +none. Capsule with 2-4 membranous wings. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & Has Has to 22° N.L.). + +A useful and attractive hedge plant. The wood is close-grained, hard and +durable, pores moderately fine, irregularly distributed, medullary rays +very numerous, indistinct. The plant is reputed to possess some +medicinal properties, both as a febrifuge, and when boiled with water as +an embrocation for sprains, bruises, etc. + + + =ANACARDIACEÆ.= + + +400 =Mangifera indica= _Linn._ Mango. + +Evergreen tree. Leaves coriaceous, entire, oblong-lanceolate, up to 12 +in. long. + +Introduced. + +Grown in gardens throughout the country. Some varieties form handsome +trees bearing excellent fruit. + + +401 =Rhus villosa= _Linn._ + +Shrub, sometimes thorny; leaves 3-fol. Leaflets obovate to oblanceolate, +obtuse, often apiculate. + +Darfur Prov. (J. Marra); Bahr El Jebel. + + +=R. near R. villosa= _Linn._ SAMŌT—Hadendowa. + +Shrub; leaves trifol.; leaflets obovate, crenate, about 1 in. long, +pubescent below. Flowers and fruit not seen. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 6,000-7,500 ft.). + +Fruit said to be eaten. + + +=R. abyssinica= _Hochst._ ALONGKOY—Dinka; VULASIM—Golo; AKNALKUALA—Jur; +SAMŌT or SAMOP—Hadendowa. + +Shrub; leaves 3-fol.; leaflets oval or oblanceolate, obtuse or acute, +pubescent, not reticulate above. Flowering panicles hairy, axillary, +shorter than the leaves. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & Has Has). + + +=R. oxyacantha= _Schousb._ + +Branches spiny. Leaves trifoliolate; leaflets obovate-cuneate, coarsely +crenate, ½-¾ in. long, ciliate. Flowers very small, in short panicles. +Fruit shining, ⅓ in. in diam. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.). + + +=R. glaucescens= _A. Rich._ + +Shrub; leaves 3-fol., coriaceous. Leaflets glabrous or puberulous along +the midrib, oval to lanceolate, obtuse, entire to crenulate-dentate. +Panicles shorter than the leaves, axillary. + +Upper Blue Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + + +=R. pulcherrima= _Oliv._ + +Shrub; leaves simple, alternate, 4-10 in. long, oblong or oblong +elliptical, with minute silvery tomentum beneath. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile +Prov. (Bahr El Jebel). + + +=R. insignis= _Del._ LAHLA or LALAI—Hadendowa. + +Tree or shrub; leaves simple, approximate, in threes; fruit black +resinous. + +Red Sea Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. (Kadugli); Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. + + +=R. dioica= _Willd._ + +Armed shrub; leaflets 3, broad crenate. + +Red Sea Prov. (22° N.L.) + + +402 =Odina fruticosa= _Hochst._ LEYUN—Arab; KOWA—Hameg; TILLA—Burun. + +Moderate-sized tree; leaves pinnate, 9-15 fol., at length glabrous, +present when flowers appear; leaflets obliquely lanceolate, subsessile. +Flowers 4-merous in stout, fulvous, axillary spikes. + +Red Sea Prov.; Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Jebelein); Nuba Mts. Prov.; +Upper White Nile Prov. (Goz El Siada); Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + +This tree and other species of Odina yield a gum. + + +=O. Schimperi= _Hochst._ AMZAQ (Baggara)—Arab; HAMMADAI—Hadendowa. + +Tree; leafless at time of flowering. Leaves imparipinnate, 9-11 fol., at +length glabrous. Leaflets subsessile, oblique at base, narrowly +acuminate. Racemes simple, while in flower terminal on branches. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov.; Nuba Mts. +Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. + + +=O. Barteri= _Oliv._ HAMADAB—Hadendowa; KLANDA—Golo; WEEDA—Zande. + +Middle-sized to large tree, leafless during the dry months. Leaves +pinnate, 7-11 fol., softly hispid pubescent, at length scabrid. Spikes +fascicled on old wood. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Nuba Mts. Prov. (near Talodi); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir, Niamniam-land, etc.) + +The bast of the bark is made into a rope. + + +=O. cf. O. Barteri= _Oliv._ + +Leaves pinnate; leaflets ovate-elliptic, rounded at the base, about 3 +in. long and 2 in. broad, softly tomentose below. Fruits oblong, with 3 +humps, glabrous, ½ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur & Bongo lands). + + +=O. humilis= _Oliv._ ARISH (Fung), LEYUN (Baggara) & HOMEID +(Kordn.)—Arab. + +Shrub or small tree, sometimes gregarious. Leaves pinnate, densely hairy +beneath, 9-11 fol., short; leaflets elliptical to ovate. Flower spikes +up to 1½ in. long, densely tomentose; ovary hairy. + +Upper Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Khor Attar); +Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Darfur Prov.; Mongalla Prov. + + +=O. sp.= N’DU-N’DU—Golo. + +Tree. Leaves pinnate; leaflets ovate or elliptic, about 2½ in. long and +1½ in. broad, glabrous. Flowers and fruit not seen. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land). + +Bark used for ropes. + + +=O. near microcarpa= _A. Rich._ + +Small tree. + +Mongalla Prov. (Sh. Tombé). + + +=O. sp.= UMSURUJ (Baggara)—Arab. + +Moderate-sized tree. + +Nuba Mts. Prov. (Homra near Kadugli). + + +=O. sp.= KULUWEI (J. Eliri)—Nuba. + +Tree. + +Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Eliri). + + +403 =Pseudospondias microcarpa= _Engl._ + +Tree, 80 ft. high. Leaves pinnate; leaflets obliquely ovate-elliptic, +obtusely acuminate, about 6 in. long and 2½ in. broad. Flowers very +small in large panicles. Fruits oblong, ¾ in. long. + +Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Assika). + +The fruit is edible. + + +404 =Sclerocarya near S. Caffra= _Sond._ RUFI—Bari. + +Tree with pinnate leaves; leaflets 7-11. + +Mongalla Prov. (Sh. Tombé). + + +=S. Birrea= _Hochst._ HOMEID—Arab; KŌI (J. Eliri), & INDENU +(Kadugli)—Nuba; MAT—Bari; DUNGDUNG—Golo; AKAMIL (Goz El Siada)—Dinka; +KABTI—Burun; ALLANFA—Hameg. + +Tree with pinnate leaves. Leaflets 9-23, oblong-, ovate-, or obovate- +elliptical, usually mucronate, entire or toothed, up to 2 in. long. Male +flowers in short spikes or racemes; drupes solitary, size of a walnut. + +Fung, Nuba Mts. & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces; Upper White Nile Prov. (Goz +El Siada); Mongalla Prov. + +The wood is used for making vessels for holding food. + +Fruit eaten. + + + =CONNARACEÆ.= + + +405 =Byrsocarpus pseudobaccatus= _Schellenb._ + +Tree 20 ft. high. Leaves pinnate; leaflets elliptic to obovate, obtuse, +3-4 in. long, 1½-2 in. broad, glabrous. Racemes in dense fascicles. +Fruit curved, ¾ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +405a =Rourea gudjuana= _Gilg._ + +Shrub. Leaves pinnate; leaflets ovate or ovate-lanceolate, obtusely +acuminate, 2½-4 in. long, ¾-1½ in. broad, reticulate. Racemes densely +fasciculate, axillary. Fruits ovoid-lanceolate, acute, ½ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit: Deim Gudju). + + +406 =Agelæa Schweinfurthii= _Gilg._ + +Shrub, 8 ft. high. Leaves pinnate; leaflets ovate-elliptic, shortly +acuminate, about 3½ in. long and 2 in. broad, glabrous. Flowers in +terminal panicles. Fruit obliquely obovoid, tomentellous, ½ in. long. + +Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Diagbe River). + + +407 =Cnestis cf. C. oblongifolia= _Baker._ + +Woody climber. Flowers white, without smell; fruit orange, acid. Leaves +imparipinnate. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River). Fruit orange- +acid. + + + =UMBELLIFERÆ.= + + +408 =Hydrocotyle asiatica= _Linn._ + +Perennial herb giving out long runners from axils of leaves on root- +stock. Leaves from root-stock or 1 or 2 together from nodes of runners, +reniform, shallowly crenate. Flowers subsessile, usually 3 together at +end of short erect peduncles, pink. Peduncles 1-3 from nodes opposite +the leaves. Fruit ovoid, hard with primary and secondary ribs obscure. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Tuhami’s Zeriba). + + +=H. natans= _Cyr._ + +Creeping perennial, rooting at nodes. Leaves long-petioled, +suborbicular, shallow-crenate, subpeltate. Umbels ab. 7 flowered. Fruit +minute, longitudinally ridged. + +Bahr El Zeraf; Bahr El Jebel (Sudd to Bor). + + +409 =Pimpinella etbaica= _Schwfth._ + +Annual up to 1 ft. high. Leaves, the lower long petioled, pinnately +tripartite, the upper variously trifid. Umbels compound, primary rays +3-7, secondary 7-12, involucres absent. Flowers white or violet; fruit +covered with hooked hairs. + +Red Sea Prov. (above 2,000 ft.). + + +410 =Diplolophium abyssinicum= _Benth._ & _Hook. f._ + +Perennial 2-5 ft. high, sometimes perfumed like peppermint. Leaves up to +1 ft. and more long, many times divided, segments filiform; petioles up +to 5 in. long, sheathing. Umbels compound, primary rays numerous from an +involucre of stout 1 in. long, pubescent bracts; secondary rays +numerous, from involucels of ab. ½ in. long bracteoles. Flowers +comparatively large, hermaphrodite. Petals emarginate. Fruit cylindrical +with 2 long styles. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Upper White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land: steppes near the Kishi River); Darfur Prov. (Jebel +Marra, 8,000 ft.). + + +411 =Fœniculum vulgare= _Gærth._ Common Fennel. + +Herb 2-3 ft. high. Leaves 3-4 times pinnate; segments narrow, linear. +Umbels compound, without involucres, 15-20 rays in umbel. Fruit ¼ in. +long, oval, slightly compressed laterally; vittæ conspicuous under the +furrows. + +Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 5-9,000 ft.). + + +412 =Sium Thunbergii= _DC._ Prod. + +Marsh herb, with runners. Leaves pinnate, dentate, 1 ft. long, with +sheathing, auricled petiole 5 in. long. Umbels compound; rays numerous +with many-leaved involucres and involucels. Fruit shortly ovoid, +compressed. + +Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Niurnya 6,500 ft.). + + +=S. angustifolium= _Linn._ + +Perennial up to 2 ft. high. Leaves pinnate; segments of lower leaves +8-10 pairs and an odd one, ovate-lanceolate, serrate; upper leaves, +segments less numerous, but larger and more deeply toothed or lobed. +Umbels compound with primary and secondary involucres, lateral; carpels +with 5 slender ribs and several vittæ. + +Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Niurnya 6,500 ft.). + + +413 =Peucedanum Grantii= _Kingston._ + +Stout glabrous herb up to 7 ft. high. Lower leaves bipinnate, upper +ternate, on dilated petioles. Umbels compound, paniculate on a distinct +peduncle; primary rays numerous with no involucre or only 1 small bract; +secondary numerous; involucel of several bracteoles. Fruit ⅓ in. long, +with 3 longitudinal ridges. + +White Nile Prov. + + +=P. graveolens= _Benth._ & _Hook. f._ The Dill Plant. + +Erect, glabrous annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves much divided; segments +linear-bristly. Umbels compound, many-rayed. Involucre and involucels +none. Flowers yellow. Fruit 1/5 in. oval oblong, compressed, ridged, +with lateral wings. + +Darfur Prov. + +Cultivated. + + +=P. fraxinifolium= _Hiern._ ASAD EL TUGULE & ASAT EL GIRD +(Baggara)—Arab; DAHKIKAK (J. Daier), KOTUNDURAK (J. Eliri) & N’DARABWA +(Kadugli)—Nuba. + +Small fleshy tree. Leaves pinnate; leaflets 9. Umbels compound, arranged +together, on about ½ a dozen 5 in. long peduncles at end of branches. +Fruit obovate, broadly winged. + +Nuba Mts. Prov. (on rocks); Bahr El Jebel (Madi); Belgian Congo +(Niamniam-land: Wando’s country). + + +414 =Coriandrum sativum= _Linn._ Common Coriander. + +Erect branching annual up to 18 in. high. Lower leaves pinnatifid or +bipinnatifid; upper leaves much divided with linear segments. Umbels +terminal, of 5-8 rays. Involucre none, involucels of few bracts. Fruit +globose, ribs not very prominent, vittæ none. + +Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Niurnya 6,500 ft.). + + + =ERICACEÆ.= + + +415 =Blæria spicata= _Hochst._ + +Heath-like low shrub. Leaves alt., or more commonly 3 whorled, linear to +lanceolate, revolute. Fl. up to ¼ in. long, pink, in leafy racemes from +upper axils, 4-merous; anthers 4, 2-lobed, opening by terminal pores and +with 2 short basal bristles. Capsule 4-valved. + +Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 8,500-9,000 ft.). + + + =EBENACEÆ.= + + +416 =Euclea Kellau= _Hochst._ GUM or OGUM—Hadendowa. + +Shrub with subopposite, bright green, coriaceous leaves, obovate or +lanceolate, 1-2 in. long. Fl. white, heath-like, in 9-12 flowered +racemes, diœcious; male fl. with 12 stamens. Fruit globose, ¼ in. diam. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & Has Has). + +Fruit eaten. + + +417 =Maba abyssinica= _Hiern._ GUGHAN & JUKHAN—Arab; SHOM—Dinka; +SHOMU—Golo; MIENNA—Burun. + +Small tree. Leaves alt., lanceolate-oblong, 2-5 in. long. Fl. axillary, +subsessile, clustered, diœcious, mostly trimerous; male fl. minute; +stamens 14, mostly in pairs; fem. fl. 3-5 together; style 3-dentate; +staminodes 3-4. Fruit subglobose, ½ in. diam. + +Upper White Nile Prov. (Goz El Siada); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (near Wau); +Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov. + +Wood dark, takes a fine polish, is used for gun stocks. + + +=M. sp.= + +Shrub. Leaves alt., lanceolate, 2 in. long, ¾ in. broad, glabrous. +Fruits sessile, oblong-ellipsoid, ½ in. long, glabrous, girt by the +persistent cupular calyx. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: near the Teh). + + +418 =Diospyros mespiliformis= _Hochst._ GUGHAN & JUKHAN—Arab; ARĪAP & +ARIAI—Hadendowa; SHŪM (Dilling) & KWAR (J. Eliri)—Nuba; KUMI—Bari; +SHOM—Dinka; CHUMU or SHOMU—Golo; KOLOME—Bongo or Zande. + +Tree, sometimes large, with black bark. Leaves alt., oblong to obovate +2-6 in. long. Fl. white diœcious; infl. axillary, short. Male fl. +ferruginous-tomentose, 5, occasionally 4-merous, small; stamens 10-16, +often in pairs; fem. fl. 1-3 together, 3-5-merous, staminodes 6-8, +styles 2, bilobed. Fr. subglobose 1 in. diam. + +Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov.; +Nuba Mts. Prov. (Gughan); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dinka-land, native +ebony; & Bongo-land, a favourite fruit); Mongalla Prov. + +Wood dark, streaked with black near wounds, takes a fine polish. It is +used by natives for making clubs. The heart-wood, which is black, +furnishes one of the ebonies of commerce. Fruit edible. + + + =SAPOTACEÆ.= + + +419 =Butyrospermum Parkii= _Kotschy._ =var. niloticum= _Kotschy._ +LULU—Arab; KOR or KOAR or KORI—Bongo; RAK—Dinka; RIVIA, BAA or BAK—Golo; +RAK or YAU—Jur; RIEK—Nuer. + +Large tree with black rough bark, yielding a milky juice producing an +inferior gutta-percha. Leaves crowded at ends of branches, oblong, +sometimes emarginate, 6-9 in. long, coriaceous, glabrous, lateral nerves +prominent, arcuate; petiole 2-3 in. long. Fl. in dense umbels in the +axils of the leaves at the ends of the branchlets; calyx lobes in 2 rows +of 4; cor. segments 8; st. 8; petaloid cuspidate staminodes 8; fruit +subglobose, 1½ to 2 in. long, containing a sweet edible pulp and a seed +not unlike a horse-chestnut. + +White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur. & Mittu lands, Mosanga & +Niamniam country); Mongalla Prov. (Gondokoro). + +The wood is very hard and heavy, it is reddish in colour and takes a +fine polish. It is used for mortars, bowls, and for building. The fruit +is edible, and the seed is known in commerce as Shea Nut. The kernels of +the nuts yield about 50 per cent. of fat called Shea Butter, which has +been found useful in the manufacture of candles, soap, and butter +substitutes. Locally it is used by the natives for food, for anointing +the body, and for lighting purposes. + + +420 =Mimusops Schweinfurthii= _Engl._ BĪ or BEI or IRDOKO—Golo; +NIANLALWEL—Dinka; NIANLALWEL & DENYA—Jur. + +Leaves crowded on stout shoots, obovate, emarginate, 4 in. long, 2 in. +broad, silvery silky below. Flowers densely clustered, axillary; +pedicels ⅙ in. long. Sepals pubescent. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur & Bongo lands). + +Wood dark-red, very hard. Yields a kind of Gutta-Percha. + + +=M. Kummel= _Bruce._ NIANLALWEL—Dinka & Jur; PILI—Golo. + +Middle-sized tree with dark bark and milky juice. Leaves alt., oblong, +2-3 in. long. Fl. in few-flowered axillary clusters, coated with brown +tomentum; calyx ½ in. long, lobes 8, in 2 rows, cor. white, 24 lobes, 16 +in outer and 8 in inner; sta. 8, staminodes 8, linear; fruit ellipsoid, +glabrous, 1 in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur. & Bongo-lands). + +Wood pale brown, fairly hard, used for spear shafts. The fruit is the +size of a cherry and is edible. + + +=M. djurensis= _Engl._ + +Leaves scattered on slender shoots, obovate, obtusely acuminate, 4 in. +long, 2 in. broad, glabrous. Fruit ovoid, slightly pubescent, girt with +the persistent lanceolate sepals. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau, Jur & Bongo lands). + + + =MYRSINACEÆ.= + + +421 =Mæsa lanceolata= _Forsk._ + +Tree, 30 ft. high. Leaves alt., oblong-lanceolate, 4-6 in. long, +serrated. Fl. minute, white 5-merous, in axillary panicles 2-4 in. long. +Fruit globose, crowned with persistent style and stigma. + +Darfur Prov. (J. Marra). + + +=M. sp.= + +Leaves obovate, cuneate at the base, 5 in. long, 2½ in. broad, repand- +dentate, pubescent on the nerves. Racemes axillary, slender. Fl. white, +very small. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Boddo River 7,690 Schwfth). + + +422 =Embelia nilotica= _Oliv._ + +Large tree; extremities rufous-hairy. Leaves alt., obovate, 3-4 in. +long, glabrous above, hairy beneath, especially on the nerves. Racemes +axillary, 1 in. long; fl. minute, whitish, 5-merous; fr. globose, small. + +Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + + + =LOGANIACEÆ.= + + +423 =Mostuea Schweinfurthii= _Baker._ + +Shrub. Leaves opp., oblong, subsessile, 1-2 in. long; stip. +interpetiolar oblong, brown, scarious. Cymes few-flowered, terminal +enclosed in a pair of orbicular bracts, ½ in. long; fl. 5-merous; cor. +white, with 10 yellow streaks in the tube, ½ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +424 =Nuxia dentata= _R. Br._ + +Small tree. Leaves opp. or verticillate, lanceolate, 3-4 in. long, +dentate, shining. Fl. small, greenish, 4-merous, in corymbose cymes. + +Red Sea Prov. (below Erkowit, in rocky gully). + + +425 =Anthocleista nobilis= _G. Don._ + +Tree, 50-60 ft. Leaves opp., obovate, cuneate, 9-12 in. or, in young +plants, up to 4 or 5 ft. long, crowded at ends of branches with pungent +spines between them; petiole dilated at base. Cymes terminal; cor. white +or dull-yellow; lobes about 16, each ½ in. long; st. as many. Fruit +globose, 1 in. diam. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River & Boddo River). + + +=A. Schweinfurthii= _Gilg._ + +Tall tree. Leaves opp., oval, oblong to obovate-lanceolate, 6-20 in. +long, coriaceous; petioles 2-3 in. long, auricled, connate. Cymes +compound, 1 ft. long; cor. 1 in. long, lobes and stamens 9-11. Fr. +obovoid-oblong, 1½ in. long. + +Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Mbrwole River). + + +426 =Strychnos penduliflora= _Baker._ + +Small tree. Leaves opp., oblong-lanceolate, 2 in. long, 3-nerved from +base. Cymes many-flowered, pendulous; fl. 4-5-merous, minute, white. +Fruit globose. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau to Chak Chak). + + +=S. innocua= _Del._ UMBUKHEISA (Baggara) & HOG EL FIL (Bahr El +Ghazal)—Arab; TINTUKUKI (J. Eliri)—Nuba; BOLOGU or PIGHADI—Golo. + +Tree. Leaves opp., oblong or obovate-oblong, 2-4 in. long, nerved from +base and 2 others above. Cymes few-fl. lateral; cor. white ¼ in. long, +hairy at throat. Fruit size of an orange. + +Nubia; Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Dar Nuba on +quartz); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land, Gir, & Jur Ghattas, and near +Pongo River). + +Fruit edible but very sour. Wood white, coarse. + + +=S. xerophila= _Baker._ ERG EL SAGGAT—Arab. + +Small tree. Leaves opp., ovate or oblong, 3-4 in. long, 5-nerved from +base, coriaceous. Cymes few-fl., lateral, sessile; cor. white, ⅓ in. +long. Fruit size of an orange, edible. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land and Kutshuk Ali). + +The burning bark is applied as a cautery to snake-bites. The root is +pounded in water for the bath in case of fever. + + +=S. spinosa= _Lam._ + +Shrub with hooked thorns from the nodes. Leaves opp., obovate or +suborbicular, 2-3 in. long, 5-nerved from near base. Cymes short, dense, +terminal; cor. greenish, small. Fruit size and colour of an orange, +edible. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, between Deims & Atem River, & Jur Ghattas). + + +=S. gracillima= _Gilg._ + +Shrub with hooked spines from the nodes. Leaves opp., ovate or oblong, 1 +in. long, 3-nerved from base. Cymes dense, terminal; cor. white small. +Fruit 2 in. diam. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Deim Zubeir); Darfur Prov. +(Kulme). + + +=S. emarginata= _Baker._ + +Pubescent shrub with hooked thorns. Leaves opp., obovate, 1-2 in. long, +emarginate with small mucro, glossy, 5-nerved from base. Cymes dense, +terminal; fl. small. Fr. 2 in. diam. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=S. sp.= + +Shrub. Leaves ovate-elliptic, acuminate, 4 in. long, 1¾ in. broad, +3-nerved, glabrous. Tendrils hook-like. + +Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Assika River). + + + =OLEACEÆ.= + + +427 =Jasminum Schweinfurthii= _Gilg._ + +Scandent pubescent shrub. Leaves simple, opp., oblong, 1½-2 in. long. +Fl. 1-3 on axillary and terminal pedicels; cor. white, lobes 6-7, +lanceolate; tube 1 in. long; stamens 2 as in all this natural order. Fr. +a berry. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, Wau); Mongalla Prov. (Bor & south). + + +=J. near J. pauciflorum= _Benth._ + +Shrub. Leaves opposite, simple, obovate, acuminate, 1½-2 in. long, +pubescent. Flowers solitary, terminal, white, sweet smelling. Corolla +tube ⅔ in. long, lobes 6-7, about ⅓ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=J. ternifolium= _Baker._ + +Shrub. Leaves simple, in whorls of 3, oblong or ovate, 1½-2 in. long. +Fl. in dense panicled flat-topped cymes. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: near Sabbi). + + +=J. Steudneri= _Schwfth._ + +Pubescent shrub. Leaves opp., lower simple, upper 3-fol., leaflets +ovate. Cymes few-flowered, terminal and axillary; cor. tube ¾ in. long; +lobes 5; berry small subglobose. + +Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit Mts. near Suakin). + + +=J. mauritianum= _Bojer._ + +Shrub. Leaves opp., 3-fol.; leaflets ovate, 2-3 in. long. Cymes terminal +and axillary, panicled at ends of branches; cor. white; tube ¾-1 in. +long; lobes 6-8. Berry small globose. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit). + + +=J. floribundum= _R. Br._ + +Scandent shrub. Leaves opp. imparipinnate; leaflets 5, ovate. Cymes few- +flowered, terminal and axillary; cor. white, fragrant; tube ab. ¾ in. +long; lobes 5. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Red Sea Prov. + +Nearly allied to the common Jasmine. + + +=J. officinale= _Linn._ HENDAMALAWE—Hadendowa; MILMILO—Rashida. + +Scandent shrub. Leaves opp., trifoliolate; leaflets lanceolate, acute, +1-1½ in. long, glabrous; corolla tube ½ in. long; lobes ovate, acute. +Berry 2-lobed, shining. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit). + + +428 =Olea Hochstetteri= _Baker._ + +Tall tree. Leaves opp., simple, oblong, 3-4 in. long, minutely +cuspidate, subcoriaceous, glabrous, or nearly so beneath; petiole ½-¾ +in. long. Fl. small, white in lateral and terminal racemes; cor. tube +short; lobes 4, longer than the tube; st. 2. Fr. a drupe. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Khor Tela). + + +=O. europæa= _Linn._ =var. nubica= _Schwfth._ ZEITUN—Arab; +DADD’A—Hadendowa. + +Stunted bush with congested or thinly lepidote branches, or small tree. +Leaves orbicular or oblong, up to 2 in. long, glabrous or brownish-white +scaly beneath, opp. Fl. and fr. not seen. + +Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Erkowit); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 9,700 ft.). + +Wood hard, close grained. Considered by Schweinfurth to be the primitive +stock of the cultivated Olive tree. + + +=O. chrysophylla= _Lam._ WAGRI—Rashida; DADD’A Hadendowa. + +Tree with slender branchlets, extremities densely lepidote. Leaves +lanceolate, 2-4 in. long, narrowed each end, glabrous above when mature, +densely rufous-lepidote beneath. Panicles axillary, sparsely compound, +1-1½ in. long; cor. ⅛ in. long. Drupe globose, ¼ in. long. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & Has Has); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 8-10,000 +ft.). + + +429 =Linociera nilotica= _Oliv._ + +Tall tree with a trunk 6-8 ft. in girth; branchlets glabrous, whitish. +Leaves opp., simple, entire, oblong, 2-5 in. long; petiole ab. ½ in. +Panicles lateral, 1-2 in. long; petals 4, small, nearly free; st. 2. Fr. +a drupe. + +(?Upper) White Nile; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit, Bongo and +Niamniam lands); Mongalla Prov. + + + =APOCYNACEÆ.= + + +430 =Landolphia florida= _Benth._ ABU KHAMIR & ALGULU-AR (Blue +Nile)—Arab; SHANGYE (Dilling)—Nuba; MUNOH—Bongo; MANA—Dinka; BIH & +IVI—Golo; BIH—Indogo; APWAMAH—Jur; SUSSI—Krej. + +Very large woody climber, sometimes up to 3 ft. girth, with milky sap; +tendrils long, branched. Leaves opp., simple, variable, usually elliptic +to elliptic-oblong, 3-7 in. long, dark green and glossy above. Fl. in +terminal, pubescent, dense corymbs; cor. white, with yellow throat, +5-lobed, variable in size, fragrant; st. 5, included, anthers linear- +oblong. Fruit more or less globose, citron-like, yellow, up to 4 in. +diam, pulp yellow. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Khor Koki); Fung Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. (Banks +of Khors near Dilling); Upper White Nile Prov. (Upper Sobat); Bahr El +Ghazal Prov.; Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + +The latex yields a resinous rubber of no commercial value. Fruit +globose, acidulous, edible. + +=var. leiantha= _Oliv._ + +Infl. more glabrous than in type. + +Kassala Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +=L. petersiana= _Dyer._ =var. Schweinfurthiana= _Stapf._ DUNGO—Golo. + +Scandent shrub, shoots rusty-tomentose when young, the terminal infl. +acting as tendrils. Leaves opp., elliptic or elliptic-oblong, 3½-4½ in. +long, coriaceous, loosely pubescent when young. Panicle, rachis and +branches twining, the latter bearing clusters of sessile flowers; cor. +white, fragrant, lobes 5 overlapping, ½-¾ in. long, tube ¼ in. Fr. +globose, up to 2½ in. diam., finely velvety. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau to Pongo). + +The latex yields an inferior rubber. + + +=L. owariensis= _Beauv._ =var. tomentella= _Stapf._ NGELEH—Bongo; +ODILOH—Dinka; N’DALA & VANGA—Golo; ATILOB—Jur; WAWA—Krej. + +Woody climber, with forked, hooked tendrils; young parts densely fulvous +tomentose. Leaves oblong to elliptic, 2-3½ in. long. Panicles terminal +pyramidal or ovoid; cor. white, turning brownish, tube ¼ in. long; lobes +spreading or reflexed, ab. ⅙ in. long. Fr. globose 1-2½ in. diam., +yellow mottled red, wrinkled. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. + +Yields the best Sudan rubber. Fruit sweet, edible. + + +431 =Clitandra Schweinfurthii= _Stapf._ KOH—Golo & Indogo. + +Climbing shrub. Leaves elliptic, acuminate, 2-3 in. long, coriaceous, +shining above; veins conspicuous, raised. Cymes few-flowered axillary; +cor. lobes white, overlapping, ¾ in. long; tube yellow, ⅓ in. Fr. +globose, 2 in. diam., reddish-brown. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit). + +Latex sticky. + + +432 =Carissa edulis= _Vahl._ + +Spinous shrub, more or less glabrous. Leaves ovate, acute, 1½-3 in. +long, ¾-1½ in. broad, glabrous. Cymes several-flowered. Corolla ½ in. +long. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli). + +=var. tomentosa= _Stapf._ AGAM—Rashida; HARNAB—Hadendowa; SIRKUKA—Bari; +AFININ—Dinka; PELLE or TINDI—Golo; POPOGI & (the fruit) RINDICHWE—Zande. + +Dense spinous shrub, spines opp., usually straight, 1-2 in. long. Leaves +opp., usually ovate to ovate-elliptic, ¾-2 in. long, coriaceous, +tomentose. Fl. in axillary or terminal clusters; cor. white or purple; +lobes overlapping, up to ⅓ in. long; tube ½-¾ in. long. Berry globose, +purple to black, ¼-½ in. diam. + +Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & Has Has); Fung Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. +(Gardus forest); Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Bahr El Jebel (Sudd & Mongalla +Prov.). + +The bark is used as medicine in Bahr El Ghazal Prov. The fruit is +similar to the damson plum, and is very agreeable in taste. + + +433 =Rauwolfia oxyphylla= _Stapf._ + +Tree 30-40 ft. Leaves oblanceolate, acutely acuminate, 6 in. long, 1½-2 +in. broad, glabrous, with numerous lateral nerves. Cymes lax with very +small flowers. Corolla tube ⅙ in. long. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +=R. vomitoria= _Afz._ + +Shrub or small tree, 20 ft. high, glabrous except infl.; young branches +quadrangular. Leaves in whorls of 3-4, lanceolate to elliptic, more or +less acuminate both ends, 3-7 in. long. Fl. in terminal or pseudo- +axillary, much branched, umbellate cymes; cor. white, lobes ovate, +small, tube ¼ in. long, hairy in the mouth. Fruit a simple or divaricate +twin drupe; drupes free, ovoid, subapiculate, ab. ⅓ in. long, red. + +Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Assika River). + + +434 =Pleiocarpa microcarpa= _Stapf._ + +Shrub or small tree. Leaves ternate, oblong, 4-7 in. long, glaucous +below; petiole 4-6 in. long. Fl. in sessile axillary clusters; calyx +minute, sepals ovate, obtuse. Fr. a berry, ellipsoid or obovoid. + +Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Mbrwole River). + + +435 =Alstonia congensis= _Engl._ BIRR (Bahr El Ghazal Prov.)—Dinka; +BANGI—Golo; MBADI—Zande. + +Large tree. Leaves in whorls of 4-6, oblanceolate to obovate, cuneate, +4-7 in. long; nerves prominent, 30-40 on each side. Fl. white in +terminal compound, whorled panicles, each of its branches having 2-3 +tiers of whorled pseudo-umbels of 4-7 fl.; cor. tube nearly ½ in. long, +lobes under ¼ in. long, contorted. Fr. of 2 follicles. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Diamvonu Stream). + +The wood is light, white, and soft. It is used for making native stools, +furniture, war-drums and boats. The bark is reputed to be poisonous, but +is used in Nigeria for medicinal purposes. + + +436 =Voacanga obtusa= _K. Sch._ + +Tall tree. Leaves opp., crowded at ends of branches, obovate to oblong, +4-9 in. long. Infl. racemed or umbelled, geminate from the branch-forks; +calyx tubular, glandular; cor. white, fleshy, fragrant; tube ¾ in.; +lobes 1 in. long, up to 1½ in. broad; anthers 5 sagittate. Berry +globose, fleshy, 2 in. diam. + +Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Mbrwole River). + + +=V. Schweinfurthii= _Stapf._ + +Glabrous shrub, 15 ft. high. Leaves opp., oblanceolate to elliptic- +lanceolate, 5-8 in. long, papery. Inflorescences in pairs from the +branch forks, few-flowered, umbelled; calyx tube subcampanulate +glandular; cor. yellow; tube ½ in. long; lobes 5, obovate-oblique, 1 in. +long. Berry ovoid, pulp yellow. + +Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Yuru River). + + +=V. africana= _Stapf._ + +Small tree. Leaves variable, usually elliptic-oblong, 2-8 in. long, +acute both ends, subcoriaceous. Infl. axillary, corymbose, many- +flowered, peduncles often paired, nodose; calyx campanulate, glandular; +lobes 5, reflexed when ripe; cor. cream-white, fragrant, tube twisted, +under ½ in.; lobes ½-1 in. long, contorted; anthers acute, sagittate. + +Mongalla Prov. (Above Bor). + + +437 =Conopharyngia penduliflora= _Stapf._ + +Shrub or small tree. Leaves opp., lanceolate to elliptic-oblong, 4-8 in. +long. Infl. racemose pseudo-axillary or terminal, pendulous, 6-8 +flowered; cor. white, fragrant; tube fleshy, ½ in. long; lobes oblique; +anthers conniving into a cone, sagittate; berry globose, fleshy. + +Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Yuru River). + + +=C. Holstii= _Stapf._ + +Tall tree; bark at first dark green, later whitish. Leaves opp., oblong +to elliptic-oblong, up to 10 in. long. Infl. corymbose; cor. white with +yellow centre; tube fleshy, up to ½ in. diam. and 1 in. long; lobes +oblong, overlapping, 1 in. or more; anthers ½ in. long, sagittate, +conniving into a cone. Berry globose, blackish-brown, 4 in. diam. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +438 =Adenium speciosum= _Fenzl._ + +Fleshy arborescent shrub, ab. 4 ft. high; trunk up to 2-3 ft. thick at +base. Leaves in spirals and terminal fascicles, oblanceolate or linear +oblong, often emarginate, 2-4 in. long, appearing with the flowers, +coriaceous. Fl. in paired racemes; calyx 5-lobed, ab. ⅓ in. long; cor. +carmine; tube funnel-shaped, ab. 1 in. long with 5 hairy lines inside; +lobes 5, ab. 1 in. long or shorter, spreading; anthers 5, sagittate, +conniving at the top by long hairy appendages as long as the tube. Fr. 2 +spindle-shaped follicles 5-7 in. long. + +Fung Prov. (J. Akaro & Fazoghli); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Hedra, Rashad); +Mongalla Prov. + + +=A. Hongkel= _A. DC._ SIM, SIM AHMAR or SHAGAR EL SIM (Baggara)—Arab; +DAGARAG (Tagele), NARURAI (J. Eliri) & TUMU (Kadugli)—Nuba. + +Stumpy arborescent shrub, 6-10 ft. high, with fleshy stem and branches, +not unlike a miniature Baobab. Leaves appearing after the flowers, +obovate-oblong, 3-4 in. long. Cymes 2-10 flowered; cor. carmine, much as +above, somewhat smaller. + +Nuba Mts. Prov (on rocks). + +The juice is said to be used for poisoning arrows; hence its Arabic +name. + + +=A. obesum= _R._ & _S._ + +Arborescent shrub, 3 ft. high. Leaves oblanceolate, rounded and +mucronulate at the tip, 3-4 in. long, 1-1½ in. broad, puberulous below. +Flowers on leafless branches. Corolla tube 1¼ in. long, pubescent. + +Darfur Prov. (Jebel Marra). + + + =ASCLEPIADACEÆ.[4]= + + +439 =Cryptolepis oblongifolia= _Schlechter._ + +Erect shrub. Leaves opp. or ternate, narrowly lanceolate to oblong- +elliptic, ½-2 in. long. Cyme subaxillary, 3-16 flowered; cor. yellow, +minute. Fr. 2 spindle-shaped, spreading follicles. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +=C. sp.= + +Shrub 2-4 ft. Leaves lanceolate, acute, 1½ in. long, ⅓-⅔ in. broad, +glabrous. Fruiting carpel divergent, 3 in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land to West of Tonj River). + + +440 =Tacazzea venosa= _Decne._ =var. Martini= _N.E. Br._ + +Erect or twining shrub with milky juice. Leaves opp. or whorled, +lanceolate, 2½-5 in. long, glabrous above, tomentose beneath. Panicles +axillary, 1½-4 in. long; sepals minute, broadly elliptic; cor. lobed +nearly to base; lobes oblong, ¼ in. long, overlapping; coronal lobes +linear, divided ab. half way down into 2 filiform segments. Follicles 2, +lanceolate 2-3 in. long. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma). + + +=T. apiculata= _Oliv._ SHAG EL FIL, HALLEYU, ABU LEBBEN & ARKALA—Arab. + +Woody twiner. Leaves opp., oblong or elliptic-oblong, 2-5 in. long, +shortly pointed at apex, emarginate or cordate at base, whitish +tomentose beneath. Panicles 2½-6 in. long; sepals minute, brick-red; +cor. lobed nearly to base; lobes ¼ in. long; coronal lobes filiform, +nearly ½ in. long. Follicles 2, horizontally diverging, lanceolate, +tapering to a point, ab. 3 in. long. + +Fung. Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, +Niamniam & Bongo-lands); Mongalla Prov. (Gondokoro). + +Yields a kind of Gutta-Percha. + + +=T. sp.= ARKALA—Arab. + +Branches pubescent. Leaves oblong-elliptic, truncate, mucronate, 3 in. +long, 2 in. broad, whitish pubescent below. Flowers not seen. + +Upper White Nile Prov. (Kaka). + + +441 =Raphionacme jurensis= _N.E. Br._ + +Procumbent trailing shrub, with puberulous branches. Leaves not seen. +Flowers solitary or in pairs, grey-lilac; pedicels 3-5 in. long, +puberulous. Corolla lobes ¼ in. long, thinly pubescent outside. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (between Jur & Wau Rivers). + + +=R. sp. near R. jurensis= _N.E. Br._ + +Similar to above but erect from a long tuber, sometimes leafy at time of +flowering. Leaves oblanceolate, 2 in. long, subacute. Corolla whitish +green with 2 purple spots at base of each lobe; filaments purple. + +Mongalla Prov. (Bor & southward). + + +442 =Omphalogonus calophyllus= _Baillon._ + +Glabrous twiner. Leaves ovate, rounded or widely cordate at the base, +acutely acuminate, 3-6 in. long, 2-4½ in. broad, with 12-14 lateral +nerves. Cymes axillary, few flowered. Calyx cupular, lobes 1/12 in. +long. Corolla lobes elliptic, ⅓ in. long. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +443 =Periploca aphylla= _Decne._ MAGOK—Hadendowa. + +Shrub with short, stiff, usually leafless branches, young shoots bearing +oblong or linear-oblong leaves, ½ in. long. Cymes 5-20 flowered, +terminal; cor. ½ in. diam., rotate; lobes ¼ in. with white hairs near +margin; coronal lobes ¼ in. long, each with 2 wing-like keels; anthers +connate at tip over the style. Follicles 2 spreading, 3-4 in. long. + +Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21°-22° L.N.). + +The fibre is used in India for well-ropes, being considered impervious +to the action of water. The flower-buds are eaten raw or cooked. The +latex is applied to tumours and swellings. + + +=P. linearifolia= _Dill._ & _Rich._ + +Shrub with whip-like branches. Leaves linear, acute, about 2 in. long +and ⅙ in. broad, 1-nerved. Flowers in lax cymes. Corolla-lobes densely +ciliate on the margins. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +444 =Secamone Schweinfurthii= _K. Schum._ + +Climbing shrub. Leaves opp., elliptic to orbicular, ⅓-1¼ in. long. Cymes +3-6 fld., axillary and terminal; cor. under ¼ in. diam., with minute +coronal lobes. Foll. 2, spreading, glabrous. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Kulongo). + + +445 =Podostelma Schimperi= _K. Schum._ + +Small woody shrub, sometimes twining. Leaves opp., thick, ovate or +elliptic, ⅓-1 in. long. Cymes sessile, 2-6-fid.; cor. white or +yellowish; lobes ⅓ in. long, overlapping; anthers winged, connivent +round upper part of style. Foll. 2, lanceolate, 1½-2 in. long. + +Red Sea Prov. (Suakin & Sinkat); between Suakin & Berber (Wadi +Sarranib). + + +446 =Glossonema lineare= _Decne._ + +Slender annual, 6-15 in. high. Leaves opp., linear or lin.-lanceolate, +¾-2 in. long. Fl. solitary in 1 axil of the opp. leaves; cor. lobes ¼ +in. long; corona minute. Foll. 2, linear-terete. + +White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol). + + +=G. nubicum= _Decne._ + +Herb, 6-12 in. high, with white hairs on pet. and lower sides of leaves +which are opp., linear or linear-lanceolate, ¾-5 in. long. Fl. 2-6 +together, cymose; cor. white, ⅙ in. diam.; coronal lobes ovate, +subulate. Foll. 2, 1½ in. long, echinate, lanceolate. + +Khartoum Prov. (Baraka); Kordofan Prov. (J. Kon & Tueir). + + +=G. Boveanum= _Decne._ + +Herb, 3-10 in. high; stems white-hairy. Leaves opp., ovate or ovate- +lanceolate, white-pubescent. Fl. 1-3 together sublateral, white, minute; +coronal lobes 3-lobed, the middle one filiform; anther appendages +reniform. Foll. 2, spiny, 1½ in. long. + +Red Sea Prov. (Suakin); Nubia (sea-coast to between 3,000 and 4,000 +ft.). + + +447 =Solenostemma Argel= _Hayne._ HARGAL—Arab. + +Undershrub, 1½-2 ft. high. Leaves opp., lanceolate to oblong-ovate, 1-1½ +in. long, coriaceous. Cymes axillary, many-flowered, ab. 2 in. long; +cor. white, tube minute, lobes ¼ in. long; corona cup-shaped; lobes 5, +obtuse, concave-hooded. Foll. 1, 2 in. long, ¾ in. thick. + +Sudan North; Kordofan Prov. + +The leaves possess purgative properties. + + +448 =Oxystelma bornouense= _R. Br._ + +Slender herbaceous climber. Leaves opp. deltoid-ovate to lanceolate, +cordate or hastate, 1-3 in. long, acuminate. Cymes axillary, long- +peduncled, 2-3 fl.; cor. ab. 1 in. diam., mauve veined with purple, cup- +shaped; lobes deltoid. Foll. 1, much inflated, ab. 2 in. long, ovoid- +oblong. + +Berber Prov. (Atbara: Shallalat); Blue Nile Prov. (mouth of Dinder); +Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov. (at Om Madeb); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu- +land: Mvolo). + + +449 =Schizoglossum abyssinicum= _K. Schum._ + +Undershrub with slender whip-like stems from a woody rhizome. Leaves +linear-acicular, 1½ in. long, slightly pubescent. Flowers fasciculate; +pedicels ⅓ in. long, pubescent. Corolla-lobes linear-oblong, pubescent. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +=S. angustissimum= _K. Schum._ + +Herb, 3-4 ft. high. Leaves opp. or whorled, linear, margins revolute, +¾-2½ in. long. Umbels 6-10 fl., numerous, sessile, lateral; cor. minute +with long woolly hairs on margins of lobes; coronal lobes with bi- or +trifid horns. Follicles 2. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Gumango hill in Niamniam-land). + + +=S. Petherickianum= _Oliv._ + +Hairy herb. Leaves opp. or whorled, oblong to ovate-lanceolate. Umbels +numerous, lateral at nodes, sessile, 10-15 fl.; cor. minute, hairy; +coronal lobe on inner face with an erect tooth and 2 decurrent keels. + +Bahr El Jebel (Nyangara). + + +=S. eximium= _N.E. Br._ + +Tall herb. Leaves opp., oblong-ovate, cordate, 1½-3 in. long. Umbels +several, 6-10 fl., lateral or terminal; peduncles 1-2 in. long; cor. +white, lobes campanulate, ¾ in. long; coronal lobes purple or purple +brown, nearly ½ in. long. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +=S. sp.= + +Habit of _S. abyssinicum_, but pedicels much shorter and corolla-lobes +longer. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +450 =Calotropis procera= _Ait._ USHAR—Arab; BARAS—Hadendowa; OGUN or +UBUN (Dilling), LAMBŪRI (J. Eliri) & KAUROK (Kadugli)—Nuba. + +Shrub or small tree; youngest parts white-tomentose. Leaves opp., +subsessile, ovate or elliptic, 2-12 in. long, cordate, glabrous. Fl. in +lateral and terminal clusters of 3-10; cor. campanulate, ¾-1 in. diam., +white, with purple-brown tips; coronal lobes ¼ in. long, truncate, with +2 lobes at top of each. Foll. 2, subglobose, spongy inside, 3-4 in. +long. + +Throughout the greater part of the Sudan. + +The latex yield an inferior Gutta-Percha. The floss from the fruit is +used for stuffing pillows. The bast fibre is strong and glossy but +difficult to extract. The leaves are used for fermenting durra in the +preparation of merissa. Almost every part of the plant is used as +medicine. The latex is an irritant poison. + + +451 =Kanahia laniflora= _R. Br._ ABU LEBBEN—Arab. + +Riverside shrub, 4-5 ft. high. Leaves opp., lanceolate or linear- +lanceolate, 2-6 in. long, with minute bristles in axils of nerves. Fl. +on 1-2 in. long peduncles from the lateral nodes; cor. white, fragrant, +campanulate, ¾ in. long; lobes ⅓ in. densely woolly; coronal lobes 5, +fleshy with simple or bifid inflexed beaks. Foll. 2 lanceolate, +acuminate, ab. 2 in. long. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov. +(Fazoghli: J. Araro); Upper White Nile Prov. + + +=K. glaberrima= _N.E. Br._ + +Shrub, 4-6 ft. high. Leaves opp., linear-lanceolate, 2-6 in. long, with +bristles in axils of nerves. Fl. in pedunculate several-flowered, umbel- +like lateral racemes; cor. white; lobes ⅓ in. long, with white woolly +hairs; coronal lobes deltoid-ovate, with linear-acuminate teeth at the +tops. Foll. usually solitary, lanceolate, beaked, ab. 2 in. long. + +Khartoum Prov. (Shambat: Banks of the Nile). + + +452 =Asclepias lineolata= _Schlechter._ + +Stout undershr. with fleshy roots, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves opp., ovate- to +linear-oblong, 2-4½ in. long, cordate. Umbels 4-10 fl., lateral and +terminal; cor. purplish, 1 in. diam.; lobes ½ in. long, ciliolate; +coronal lobes purple, pointed, ridged between the anthers, which connive +over the style. Follicles 2, inflated ellipsoid, 3-4 in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Bongo-land). + + +=A. Schweinfurthii= _N.E. Br._ + +Stems 2 ft. or more. Leaves opp., lanceolate-ovate, cordate, 2-3½ in. +long. Umbels 4-6 fl., lateral on peduncles up to 6 in. long; cor. +rotate-campanulate, 1 in. diam.; lobes ½ in. long, fringed on one +margin; corona ¼ in. long, winged. Foll. 2. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=A. semilunata= _N.E. Br._ + +Stems 2-5 ft. high. Leaves whorled below, opp. above, linear or +lin.-lanceolate, 4-7 in. long. Umbels lateral on 1 in. long peduncles; +cor. lobes ⅓-½ in. long, reflexed; corona toothed. Foll. half-moon +shaped, 2½-3 in. long, inflated, echinate. + +Bahr El Jebel (Madi); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Wando). + + +=A. flavida= _N.E. Br._ + +White-tomentose shrub, 3-4 ft. high. Leaves opp., linear, 1½-3 in. long. +Umbels 4-6 fl., lateral. Cor. white (?), lobes reflexed, ¼ in. long, +fringed on one margin; corona dull purple. Foll. ellipsoid, bristly when +young. + +Red Sea Prov. (coast, 21° N.L.). + + +=A. macrantha= _Hochst._ + +Stem 9-18 in. high. Leaves opp., lin.-lanceolate, acuminate, 3-10 in. +long. Umbels 3-6 fl., lateral and terminal on peduncle 3-11 in. long; +cor. scarlet or yellow, rotate; lobes ½ in. long; corona yellow. Foll. +usually solitary, lanceolate, 3-4 in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Ibba River); Mongalla Prov. (Yei +River). + + +=A. Phillipsiæ= _N.E. Br._ + +Woody, densely pubescent shrub. Leaves opp., linear, 1½-3½ in. long, +margins very revolute. Umbels lateral, 3-6 fl.; peduncle ½-¾ in. long; +cor. white, deeply-lobed; lobes ¼ in. long, reflexed, fringed on one +margin; corona with 5 falcate teeth. 2 Foll., 2 in. long, lanceolate. + +Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 7,200-9,000 ft.). + + +453 =Margaretta rosea= _Oliv._ + +Perennial herb, 12-18 in. high. Leaves opp., linear to lanceolate, +acuminate, 2-5 in. long. Umbels 3-4 in a corymb at top of the stem, and +sometimes one from the node below, each 7-16 fl., on peduncles ½-3 in. +long; cor. lobes ⅙ in. long, erect; corona toothed. Foll. often +solitary, ab. 3 in. long. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +454 =Cynanchum polyanthum= _K. Schum._ + +Pubescent, fleshy twiner. Leaves opp., ovate, acute, cordate, 2-3½ in. +long; petiole 1-2 in. long. Umbels 10-30 fl., compound, peduncle 1-1½ +in. long; cor. lobes ¼ in. long; corona tubular half its length and with +5 entire or bifid teeth. Follicles 2 in. long, glabrous. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +455 =Sarcostemma viminale= _R. Br._ + +Succulent, almost leafless shrub with switch-like, sometimes twining +shoots. Umbels many-flowered, lateral or terminal, sessile. Fl. small, +greenish-white or yellow; corona double, minute. Foll. 2., +lin.-lanceolate, 2½-4 in. long. + +Nubia (Wadi Tui between Suakin & Berber); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land). + + +456 =Pentatropis cynanchoides= _R. Br._ + +Slender twiner. Leaves opp., oblong to ovate, ½-1½ in. long, fleshy. +Umbels 3-6 fl., subaxillary; cor. purplish-green, 5-lobed; lobes linear +from triangular base; corona with acute apex. 2 Foll., lanceolate, +beaked 2-3 in. long. + +Red Sea Prov. (J. Waratab near Suakin & Karora hills); White Nile Prov.; +Upper White Nile Prov. (Barboi). + + +457 =Dæmia cordata= _R. Br._ + +Slender woody climber. Leaves opp., ovate to orbicular, cordate, +tomentose on both sides, ½ to 1 in. long. Fl. in a corymb-like raceme, +1-2 in. long; cor. small, green; corona double. 2 Follicles 1½-2½ in. +long, ovoid, beaked, echinate. + +Nubian Coast; Kassala Prov. (Atbara: Goz Regeb on granite); Nuba Mts. +Prov. + + +=D. extensa= _R. Br._ + +Differs from above by more glabrous and larger (up to 5 in. long) leaves +and also large raceme, 2-16 in. long. + +Red Sea Prov. (Soturba Mountains to near Karora); Blue Nile Prov.; +Kordofan, Darfur, Upper White Nile (Renk), & Mongalla Provinces. + +The stems yield a fibre. The plant is used in infantile diarrhœa, also +as an emetic. The pulp of the fleshy leaves is used as a stimulating +poultice for carbuncles. + + +458 =Gymnema sylvestre= _R. Br._ + +Woody twiner. Leaves opp., ovate to lanceolate, cuneate or cordate at +base, ¾-3 in. long. Umbels subaxillary, many-flowered; cor. yellowish- +white, minute, fleshy; coronal lobes fleshy, fringed. Follicles 2½-3½ +in. long, lanceolate, beaked. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land, Jur Ghattas, Dar Fertit, Biri River). + +The root is used for snake bite. The leaves, when chewed, are said to +destroy the taste of sugar for twenty-four hours. + + +459 =Marsdenia spissa= _S. Moore._ SHAGAR EL FIL (Fung)—Arab. + +Woody climber. Leaves opp., ovate or elliptic-ovate acuminate 1½-4 in. +long. Cymes many-flowered, lateral; cor. greenish-yellow, rotate- +campanulate, ½ in. diam.; lobes ¼ in. long, tomentose; coronal lobes +minute, fleshy. Follicles 3½ in. long, elongate-ovoid, with broad frill- +like wings; seeds crowned with long silky hairs. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau, Jur). + +Yields a fibre. + + +=M. rubicunda= _N.E. Br._ KNĀR (Kenissa)—Dinka. + +Woody climber, young parts with salmon-red tomentum. Leaves opp., +elliptic or elliptic-ovate, cordate, 1-3 in. long. Cor. ½ in. diam.; +lobes rotate, 1/5 in. long, greenish; corona lobes subulate and bifid. +Follicles 2, wings 4, crenate. + +Nuba Mts. Prov. (Dar Nuba); Darfur Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé +and Meshra El Rek); Mongalla Prov. + + +460 =Leptadenia lancifolia= _Decne._ ERG HABŪB EL KHEIL, or ABU LEBBEN +or UMLEBEINA or MABLEBEN (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab. + +Woody, tomentose climber. Leaves opp., ovate to lanceolate or variable +in shape, 1-5 in. long. Umbels many-flowered, lateral; cor. green, +rotate, lobes under ¼ in. long; throat densely bearded with white hairs; +coronal lobes fleshy, pointed. Follicles 2, lanceolate, 3-4 in. long, +glabrous. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); White Nile Prov. & Upper Nile Prov. (Dueim to +Kodok); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Gadein); Bahr El Jebel (up +to Lake Albert). + +The pounded roots, mixed with water are said to be given to horses and +cattle for flatulency. + + +=L. heterophylla= _Decne._ LUWEIS—Arab; ASHENON (Kenissa)—Dinka. + +Slender woody twiner. Leaves very variable from linear-hastate to oval, +¾-3 in. long. Umbels several-flowered, sub-axillary; cor. 2-2½ lines in +diam.; corona lobes fleshy, tipped with hairs. Foll. 1, lanceolate, 2-3 +in. long. + +Fung Prov. northwards; Darfur Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Kenissa). + + +=L. Spartium= _Wight._ MARAKH or MERAKH & ZA’ANSHERAB ELMI (N. +Kordn.)—Arab; AGWAIT—Hadendowa. + +Switch-like, green-stemmed, glaucous shrub, 5-10 ft. high, generally +leafless. Umbels subaxillary, flowers developing successively; cor. +yellow, 5-lobed, small; corona green, fleshy. Foll. 2, lin.-lanceolate, +terete, 3-4 in. long. + +North Sudan; Red Sea, Kassala & Kordofan Provinces. + +Yields a valuable fibre but difficult of extraction. Good camel fodder. + + +461 =Ceropegia nilotica= _Kotschy._ + +Slender fleshy twiner with tuberous root. Leaves opp., ovate-lanceolate, +acuminate, toothed towards apex, 1 in. long. Peduncles lateral, 2 +flowered; cor. blackish-purple, yellow in throat, 1½ in. long; tube +inflated at base; lobes connate at apex, ¼ in. long; corona double, +inner yellowish. + +Mongalla Prov. (Bari-land, Gondokoro). + + +=C. racemosa= _N.E. Br._ + +Slender twiner. Leaves opp., lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 1-2 in. +long. Flowers solitary, ⅓-1 in. apart on racemes, which are 2-4 in. +long; cor. tube ¾ in. long, hairy inside; lobes ½ in. long, connate at +apex, fringed; corona ciliate, double, 5 outer with 10 teeth ½ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Jur Ghattas). + + +=C. stenantha= _K. Schum._ AKEISH or AGASH (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; AKON +(Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka; AGE (Meshra El Zeraf)—Shilluk. + +Slender twiner. Leaves opp., lanceolate, 1-2½ in. long, ciliolate on +margin. Cymes 3-6 fl., umbelled, sublateral; cor. greenish; tube ½ in. +inflated below; lobes ½ in. linear, connate at tips; corona double, +minute. + +Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur- +land, Jur Ghattas). + +The leaves are acid and can be eaten as spinach. The tuber is said to be +a good substitute for a potato. + + +462 =Brachystelma phyteumoides= _K. Schum._ + +Dwarf perennial; several stems, ab. 4 in. high, from a thick root stock. +Leaves opp. linear, acuminate, ab. 2 in. long, nearly glabrous. Umbel +terminal between a pair of leaves; cor. dark purple-brown; tubes short, +lobes ¾ in. long; corona included in tube, very short, outer lobes +bifid. Foll. fusiform. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land; near Jur Ghattas). + + +463 =Echidnopsis nubica= _N.E. Br._ + +Leafless, succulent, obtusely 8-angled plant, angles tesselately divided +into obtuse tubercles. Fl. fascicled near tips of the stems; cor. very +small, 5-lobed, purple-brown, or purple-brown dotted on green; corona +single. Follicles up to 4 in. long and ⅓ in. thick, purplish. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit, Suakin). + + +464 =Caralluma longidens= _N.E. Br._ + +Succulent branching 4-angled plant; branches attenuated upwards, 5-8 in. +long; angles slightly toothed; teeth bearing fleshy, terete, deciduous +leaves. Fl. solitary or 2 together along upper part of stem; cor. dark +purple-brown; tube ¼-⅓ in. long; lobes ¼ in., ovate-lanceolate, +glabrous; outer corona of 10 lin.-subulate teeth, ⅙ in. long, inner with +5 smaller teeth. + +Between Suakin & Berber (Wadi Laemeb). + + +=C. vittata= _N.E. Br._ + +Succulent, glabrous, 4-angled plant, 6-8 in. high; angles slightly +toothed; branches ⅓ to 1 in. thick, much attenuated upwards. Fl. 1-4 +together, scattered on the terminal 2-4 in. of the branches; cor. tube +whitish, streaked dark purple, ab. 1/7 in.; lobes ⅙ in. long, dark +purple, glabrous; outer corona of 10 minute teeth. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L. between sea level and 4,000 ft.). + + +=C. retrospiciens= _N.E. Br._ KAREIB—Hadendowa. + +Succulent cactus-like plant, up to 3 ft. high, with ascending deeply +4-angled toothed branches, teeth broad, decurved. Umbels terminal or +subterminal, several together forming a compound globose head up to 3 or +4 in. diam. Cor. 5-lobed, deep purplish-brown, tube ¼ in. long; lobes ¼ +in., deltoid, fringed with dark hairs; outer corona with 5 pairs of +teeth. Foll. ab. 6 in. long, linear, terete. + +Kassala Prov. to Red Sea Prov. + + +465 =Huernia macrocarpa= _N.E. Br._ + +Succulent perennial; stems 3-4 in. high, subquadrangular, angles +coarsely toothed, teeth fleshy, recurved spinescent at apex. Follicles +in pairs, 5-6 in. long, narrow, acute or hooked at apex. + +Red Sea Prov. (Sinkat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land; Abu Gurun). + + + =RUBIACEÆ.= + + +466 =Sarcocephalus esculentus= _Afzel._ KARMUDODA—Arab; DOMA—Zande. + +Small tree. Leaves opposite, ovate-oblong, cordate, ab. 6 in. long, +almost mucronate; stipules interpetiolar, as in many of this family, +caducous, ovate, short. Flower heads orange-coloured, globose, crowded; +pistils exserted. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. + +Yields a gum. The core of the flower-heads is eaten. Wood light yellow +with darker markings, density 0.676. A yellow dye is obtained from the +roots. + + +=S. Russeggeri= _Kotschy._ KARMUDOD’A (Baggara)—Arab; N’DU—Golo; DAMMA +or DOMA—Zande. + +Shrub, up to 20 ft. high. Flower-heads white, sweet-scented, globose. +Leaves usually broadly elliptical. + +Fung Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. (Korarak); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land, +Niamniam-land). + +The core of the flower-heads is eaten, but in excess acts as an emetic. +The wood, which is of a red colour, is used by the Niamniams for the +manufacture of curious oracles, consisting of two pieces of wood, +flattened and polished, which may or may not adhere together after being +wetted. The root is said to be a fine bitter tonic. + + +467 =Adina microcephala= _Hiern._ MISTIKA or MISHKA (Medani, Fung +Prov.)—Arab. + +Moderate-sized tree. Leaves lanceolate, in whorls of 4, 4-6 in. long. +Flowers compact on a globose, bracteolate receptacle. Seeds winged at +each end. + +Fung Prov. (Singa & Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit). + + +468 =Mitragyne macrophylla= _Hiern._ + +Moderate-sized tree. Leaves elliptical, often broadly so. Flowering +heads globose, cymosely arranged or umbellate. Fruit dicoccous; seeds +winged both ends. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land & Jur-land). + +The wood is used for making canoes, furniture and for housebuilding on +the West Coast. + + +=M. africana= _Korth._ YO?—Arab; ANGOTO—Dinka; N’DUNGO—Golo; BIAMA—Jur; +LAO—Nuer; KOFOKOFO—Zande? + +Moderate-sized to fairly large tree, growing not far from water. Leaves +ovate-elliptical, more or less cordate. Flower-heads globose, solitary, +1 in. diam.; cor. white, turning yellow. Seeds 2-winged. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (mouth of Bahr El Arab & Wau). + +Wood white, rather soft, density 0.560, used for carving and in cabinet +work; known as African Lime. + + +469 =Hymenodictyon Kurria= _Hochst._ + +Shrub or small tree. Leaves obovate to oval, 3-8 in. long. opposite; +interpet. stipules ovate-oblong, ½ in. long, deciduous. Inflorescence +spicate, 7 in. long. Bracts opposite, elliptical, marcescent, ab. 2 in. +long on 1 in. long stalks. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: summit of Mt. Baginse). + + +=H. scabrum= _Stapf._ + +A small scabrid shrub. Leaves obovate, 3 in. long, 1½ in. broad, scabrid +on the nerves below. Flowers not seen. Fruits narrowly ellipsoid, ¾ in. +long, prominently lenticellate. Bahr El Jebel (Bari & Madi). + + +470 =Crossopteryx Kotschyana= _Fenzl._ DARITAR—Dinka; M’BILI or +TIRI—Golo; AKOS—Jur. + +Small tree. Leaves coriaceous, elliptical, 1-8 in. long; stip. deltoid, +acuminate. Flowers cream-coloured or pink, fragrant, in dense corymbose +panicles. Capsule 2-celled, globose, crustaceous, ab. ¼ in. diam.; seeds +peltate. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Jur, Niamniam & Bongo lands); Uganda (Nile Prov.). + + +471 =Pentas carnea= _Benth._ + +Shrubby, 1-2 ft. high, harshly pallid-puberulous. Leaves ovate-oblong to +lanceolate-oblong, 1-6 in. long; stip. multipartite, subulate. Cymes +usually dense, 1-3 in. in diameter. Cor. purplish, hairy at throat. +Capsule 2-celled, coriaceous, many seeded. + +Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + + +=P. arvensis= _Hiern._ + +Rambling perennial, 2 ft. high. Leaves subsessile, elliptic-lanceolate. +Cymes 1-3 in. across; cor. white with purple throat, which is hairy. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land). + + +=P. Schweinfurthii= _Scott Elliot._ + +Herb. Leaves ovate-elliptic, acute, 4½ in. long, 2 in. broad, with +numerous densely pubescent lateral nerves. Flowers light mauve, in +paniculate clusters. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +472 =Otomeria madiensis= _Oliv._ + +Somewhat shrubby perennial, up to ab. 3 ft. high, hairy. Interpet. +stipules sheathing, each with 3 subulate teeth. Leaves elliptical, hairy +on veins, opposite. Spikes terminal, simple or branched, 1 ft. long; +flowers 1 in. long, pink; cor. tube hairy. Capsule ¼ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land); Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + + +473 =Oldenlandia grandiflora= _Hiern._ + +Herb, up to 4 ft. high. Flowers crimson, mostly tetramerous in this +genus, corymbose; cor. salver-shaped. Fruit subglobose, crowned with +calyx teeth. Leaves opposite, upper sometimes needle-shaped, lower +narrow-lanceolate; stipules sheathing, short, 2-3 pointed. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli & Jongol’s Post); +Kordofan Prov. (Obeid & Um Sutt); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Dilling); Darfur +Prov. (Kulme). + + +=O. senegalensis= _Hiern._ + +Herb, up to 3 ft. high. Flowers white or pink, paniculately cymose; cor. +salver-shaped, tube slender, glabrous. Leaves narrow-lanceolate. Fruit +as above. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Red Sea Prov. (Soturba); Khartoum Prov.; Fung +Prov. (Fazoghli); Kordofan Prov. (Obeid); Mongalla Prov. (Bari-country). + + +=O. Schimperi= _T. Anders._ + +Annual, 1-3 ft. high, glandular-scabrous; branches virgate. Leaves +linear; stipules 1-3 pointed. Flowers in terminal corymbose cymes; cor. +salver-shaped, tube much longer than calyx. Capsule subglobose. + +Red Sea Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol). + + +=O. virgata= _DC._ + +Switch-like herb, 2 in. to 2 ft. high. Leaves linear, curled margins; +stipules with 2-3 bristly points. Flowers panicled; cor. cylindrical or +salver-shape. Fruit sub-globose. + +Kordofan Prov. (Tueir); Bahr El Ghazal & Mongalla Provinces. + + +=O. Welwitschii= _Hiern._ + +Small herb with white tubular, cruciform flowers. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & Dongonab). + + +=O. strumosa= _Hiern._ + +Herb, up to 18 in. high. Leaves linear-lanceolate. Cymes corymbose, +terminal; cor. salver-shaped, tube much longer than calyx. Fruit +subglobose. + +Blue Nile Prov. (Upper); Kordofan Prov. + + +=O. lancifolia= _Schwfth._ + +Herb with linear-lanceolate leaves. Flowers small, axillary, solitary; +cor. not longer than calyx. Capsule furrowed, compressed-globose. + +Blue Nile Prov. (near Lakanda); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El +Jebel (Madi); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +=O. macrophylla= _DC._ + +Aquatic or marsh herb. Leaves sessile, linear-lanceolate, up to 3 in. +long. Flowers white or pale blue, pentamerous, in racemose or panicled +cymes. Capsule minute. + +Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land); +Mongalla Prov. (Bor). + + +=O. trinervia= _Retz._ + +Weak, slightly hairy annual. Leaves broadly ovate or rotundate, tapering +to 3-nerved base. Flowers in small clusters on short peduncles, +tetramerous; cor. length of the calyx. Capsule hirsute, globose. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=O. corymbosa= _Linn._ + +Erect or ascending annual, up to 1 ft. high. Leaves sessile, linear, or +apiculate. Stipules short, pectinate. Flowers usually in pairs, on +filiform peduncles. Corolla white. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur & Bongo lands, Shambé); Mongalla Prov. (Bor). + +A decoction of the root is used in bilious fevers. + + +=O. octodon= _A. Rich._ + +Low, straggly herb. Leaves linear, acute, about ½ in. long, Flowers very +small, clustered and sessile at the nodes. Calyx lobes setose. + +Nubia; Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau & +Nianniam-land). + + +=O. capensis= _Linn._ + +Herb, 4-9 in. high; branches 4-angled. Leaves narrow-linear, revolute. +Peduncles 2 to several together, 1-flowered, axillary or terminal; cor. +white, slightly longer than calyx. Capsule minute, 4-ribbed. + +Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. + + +=O. wauensis= _Schwfth._ + +Glabrous herb, 1 ft. high; branches with 4 raised lines. Leaves linear; +stipules sheathing, with many bristles. Flowers mostly pentamerous, in +pairs, small. Capsule coriaceous, oblong, small. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau River). + + +=O. Heynei= _Oliv._ + +Herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves linear-lanceolate. Lower flowers solitary, +upper in a paniculate cyme. Cor. salver-shaped; tube slender, glabrous +within, twice the length of calyx. Fruit subglobose. + +Fung Prov. (Roseires); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas +& Niamniam-land). + + +=O. effusa= _Oliv._ + +Tall herb. Leaves narrow-linear, revolute. Flowers 4-merous, lilac, in +paniculate cymes. Fruit globose. + +Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov. (Rufaa). + + +=O. cf. O. effusa= _Oliv._ + +Almost leafless herb with weak branches. Flowers pale red outside; +corolla very slender, ¾ in. long, with 4 linear very acute lobes, fruits +1/10 in. long. + +Kordofan Prov. (Um Dam, 1,245 S.G.H.). + + +=O. sp.= + +Leafy much-branched herb. Leaves linear-oblanceolate acute, 1½ in. long, +shortly pubescent. Corolla ¼ in. long, with 4 short obtuse lobes. + +Mongalla Prov. (Sheikh Tombé, 1,648 S.G.H.). + + +=O. noctiflora= _Hiern._ + +Glabrous annual. Leaves linear. Flowers white, opening at night. + +Red Sea Prov. + + +=O. hedyotoides= _Boiss._ + +Herb, 6 in. to 1 ft. high. Leaves linear-oval. Flowers minute, clustered +in axils of the leaves; cor. white. Capsule coriaceous, 4-ribbed. + +Blue Nile, Kordofan & Bahr El Ghazal Provinces. + + +=O. dolichantha= _Stapf._ + +Slender herb with subsimple stems. Leaves lanceolate, acute, sessile, +about 1¾ in. long, glabrous. Flowers white, sweet-scented. Corolla very +long, up to 5 in. long, very slender. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +474 =Mussænda luteola= _Del._ + +Shrub. One lobe of calyx enlarged into a yellow leaf. Cor. 5-lobed, +yellow, fragrant. + +Fung Prov. (Singa); White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: +near M’volo & Niamniam-land); Upper Sobat; Mongalla Prov. (south of +Gondokoro); Lake Rudolf. + + +=M. arcuata= _Poir._ + +Climbing shrub. One lobe of calyx enlarged into a white leaf. Cor. +5-lobed, yellow with purplish or orange, hairy throat. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, Niamniam & Bongo lands); Mongalla Prov. (Yei +River District). + + +=M. erythrophylla= _Schum._ & _Thonn._ + +Shrub or climber. One lobe of calyx enlarged into a red leaf. Cor. white +or yellowish, tube densely reddish-hairy. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + +A handsome decorative plant. + + +475 =Anthospermum pachyrrhizum= _Hiern._ + +Heath-like undershrub with fascicled, scabrid, linear leaves, ⅔ in. +long; stipules subulate. Calyx minute, 1-2 lobes enlarged, leaf-like. +Cor. funnel-shaped, 4-lobed. Fruit obovoid, dicoccous. + +Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 8,200 ft.). + + +476 =Stipularia elliptica= _Schwfth._ + +Small, somewhat cottony shrub. Leaves elliptical, apiculate, wedge- +shaped or obtuse at base. Flowers white in solitary axillary heads +enclosed in 1 or 2 red or purple bracts. + +Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land). + + +477 =Tarenna nilotica= _Hiern._ + +Shrub, 20 ft. high. Leaves oval or obovate, papery. Flowers ½ in. long, +white, 5-merous, in dense sessile corymbs; cor. salver-shaped. Berry +globular. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +478 =Randia nilotica= _Stapf._ KHARUM or TAKIRNI (Baggara), ABU MARFEIN +(Bahr El Ghazal), SIMEIN & SHIDR EL MARFEIN (Baggara), UMKALOL, +UMSHALALO & YAU (Jongol’s Post)—Arab; UMDAMUN (Dilling) & RŪT +(Tagele)—Nuba; KULUJI—Bari; AGHEI (Goz El Siada)—Dinka; DIG—Burun. + +Stiff, spinous shrub; spines opposite or alternate. Leaves usually +obovate, cuneate at base, 3 in. long. Flowers usually creamy white, +sometimes orange or greenish-yellow, solitary or few together, almost +axillary or on short lateral shoots, pentamerous. Fruit subglobose, +crowned by calyx lobes, up to 1½ in. long. + +Fung, Kordofan, Upper White Nile (Goz El Siada), Bahr El Ghazal & +Mongalla Provinces. + +The fruit is said to act as a fish poison and as an antidote to arrow +poison. It is a useful emetic. + + +=R. genipæflora= _DC._ + +Straggling shrub to small tree, unarmed. Leaves oval or oblong, thin in +texture, cuneate at base up to 6 in. long. Flowers white, stellate, ¾ +in. long, in short dense axillary cymes. Fruit globose, ⅓ in. diam. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit). + + +=R. sp.= KIRKIR (Baggara) & SOGHEIT (Fung)—Arab; MAINTU (Dilling & J. +Ghulfan) & TINTURING (J. Eliri)—Nuba. + +Tall shrub or small tree with large light green leaves and fruit size of +a small orange. Flowers not seen. + +Fung Prov. (Roseires, edges of Khors); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Dar Nuba). + +By the Nubas the fruit is said to be edible. + + +=R. malleifera= _Benth._ BIRKWA—Jur; BLIPPO—Zande. + +Ornamental puberulous shrub, 8-15 ft. high. Leaves obovate-oblong, +acuminate, opposite or apparently 3 together at end of twigs by +suppression of the node, the solitary pendulous flower replacing the +missing leaf. Corolla tawny hairy outside, white inside; tube 3 in. +long, slender; lobes ab. 2-3 in. in diam., fragrant. Fruit globose, +obscurely ribbed, 1½ in. across, crowned by calyx lobes; style long, +clapper-shaped. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shady Khors). + +Yields a black sap with which the Niamniams paint their bodies. + + +=R. sp.= + +Large shrub, no flowers seen; branchlets tomentose. Leaves ovate- +orbicular, softly pubescent on the nerves beneath, about 3 in. broad. +Young fruits ellipsoid, glabrous. + +Mongalla Prov. (Kagi Ko, Yei River, Sillitoe 333). + + +=R. macrantha= _DC._ + +Climbing shrub. Leaves oval or obovate-oblong, deciduous, crowded at +ends of branches. Flowers solitary, pentamerous, fragrant. Cor. green +and white; tube slender; limb 2½ in. diam.; style long. Fruit globose or +pear-shaped, 1½ in. diam. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +479 =Morelia senegalensis= _A. Rich._ KUUM—Dinka; MUNDONGO or +YAMALA—Golo; BAKIWE—Zande. + +Large shrub to small tree. Leaves oval or oblong, 2-7 in. long. Flowers +up to ½ in. long, white, fragrant, clustered in axillary cymes. Fruit +globose, ½ in. diam., green. + +White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (watercourses). + +The straight stems are used for lance-shafts. + + +480 =Gardenia Jovis-Tonantis= _Welw._ BAGGIS—Arab; MAMELE-BA—Bongo; +CHII—Golo; AKANJA—Jur. + +Shrub. Leaves ternate, oval or obovate. Flowers solitary, terminal, +aromatic, yellowish, 6-11-merous, 1-3 in. across. Fruit more or less +spindle-shaped, when ripe subtranslucent, yellow. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Moru territory, near Ayi River). + +Shrub very similar to _G. lutea_, very ornamental. Fruit is edible and +tastes like an inferior apple. + + +=G. Aqualla= _Stapf_ & _Hutchinson._ + +Shrub, 4-7 ft. high. Leaves crowded at the ends of the branches, +elongate-obovate, about 6 in. long, scabrid above, pubescent below. +Flowers white, at length yellow; corolla appressed-tomentose. Fruit +ellipsoid, beaked, ribbed, 1½ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land). + + +=G. erubescens= _Stapf_ & _Hutchinson_ (= =G. Tinneæ= _Vig._). + +Tree, 15-20 ft.; branchlets softly tomentose. Leaves verticillate, +broadly obovate, glabrous, 4-6 in. long, often reddish, Flowers yellow; +corolla sparingly pubescent. Fruit edible. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land, near Reggo). + + +=G. lutea= _Fresen._ ABBAKA, ABU GAWI & BAGGIS—Arab; MAGAL (J. +Daier)—Nuba; KUGO—Bongo; DAUNG (Bahr El Ghazal) & DONG (or ADONG) +(Mongalla) & DUNK—Dinka; DUFITI—Bari; AKLIMBO or CHII—Golo; RUNDA—Hameg; +ADWANG—Jur; M’BEGGE—Zande. + +Shrub, often spiny, the spines formed by abortive branches. Leaves oval +or obovate, up to 6 in. long, opposite or 3-4 together. Flowers +solitary, terminal, 6-10-merous; calyx often spathaceous, slit on one +side; cor. white or yellow, lobes up to 1½ in. long, contorted. Fruit +ovoid or globose, up to 4 in. long. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Jur & Niamniam-lands); South of Lat. 13° N. + +The roots, boiled with Dura flour are taken by the natives as a cure for +Blackwater fever. Wood hard, dense, even-grained, light-yellow, used for +knife handles. Yields a fragrant resin called ABU BEKA by Arabs. The +fruit is a fish-poison. + + +=G. Vogelii= _Hook. f._ BIANGA—Zande. + +Shrub to small tree. Leaves dark-green, oval or obovate, up to 10 in. +long, opposite. Flowers solitary, terminal, white, fragrant, 5-merous, +ab. 6 in. long. Fruit spindle-shaped. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land, Niamniam-land). + +The fruit yields a blue-black dye, used by the Azande for staining their +faces. + + +=G. urcelliformis= _Schwfth._ + +Shrubby. Leaves opposite or ternate, elliptical, 3-5 in. long. Flowers +solitary, terminal; ovary urn-shaped. Fruit ovoid, 2 in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River). + + +481 =Amaralia heinsioides= _Wernham._ + +Scandent shrub. Leaves broadly elliptic, subcordate at the base, 7-8 in. +long, about 4 in. broad, thin, glabrous. Corolla bell-shaped, tubular at +the base, white outside; lobes rose, tomentose outside. Berry red. + +Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Diamvonu River). + + +=A. bignoniæflora= _Welw._ + +Scandent shrub or tree. Leaves evergreen, opposite, oval, up to 9 in. +long. Flowers axillary, solitary or geminate, under 3 in. long; cor. +white outside and purple inside, or orange blotched with purple. Fruit +oblong, 4 in. long, red. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +482 =Macrosphyra longistyla= _Hook. f._ + +Scandent, tawny, hairy shrub. Leaves opposite, hirsute, oval, ovate or +obovate, up to 7 in. long, deciduous. Flowers 2-3 in. long with style +exserted by as much again, subsessile and clustered at extremities of +branches. Cor. cream-coloured; style green. Berry pear-shaped or +globose. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +483 =Oxyanthus formosus= _Hook. f._ + +Glabrous shrub, 10 ft. high. Leaves oval-oblong, subauriculate, 8-11 in. +long. Fl. 5-8 in. long, white, in axillary ebracteolate panicles, not +longer than the leaves. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +=O. unilocularis= _Hiern._ + +Shrub or small tree. Leaves oblong, auriculate-cordate, 10-20 in. long. +Flowers 4-6 in. long, white, in branched axillary panicles shorter than +leaves. Fruit globose, 1 in. in diam., crowned with persistent calyx +limb, 1-celled. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Khors near Deim Zubeir). + + +=O. macrophyllus= _Schwfth._ + +Tree, 50-60 ft. high. Leaves oval or ovate-oblong, subauriculate, 12-16 +in. long. Flowers 6 in. long, white, in dense axillary panicles. Fruit +globose, fleshy, 2-celled with 1 seed in each cell. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land, Jur-land). + + +484 =Feretia apodanthera= _Del._ + +Shrub, 10 ft. high. Leaves opp., oval, papery, 1½ in. long. Flowers +white, ¾ in. long, subsessile, clustered on short lateral shoots; +anthers sessile at the mouth of the corolla. Fruit ¼ in. in diameter. + +Kassala Prov. (Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Bongo-land & Dar Fertit; between Wau & Deim Zubeir). + +The fruit can be used as a substitute for coffee (fide A. Rich). + + +485 =Tricalysia niamniamensis= _Schwfth._ + +Puberulous shrub with straight branches. Stipules intrapetiolar, broad- +deltoid, apiculate, connate. Leaves elliptical or lanceolate, narrowed +to base, with tufts of hairs on axils of veins, up to 3½ in. long. +Flowers 3-10 together, ⅓ in. long, subsessile, axillary. Berry +pubescent, minute. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land, Niamniam-land); Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + + +=T. djurensis= _Hiern._ + +Puberulous shrub. Differs from above by leaves being rounded or slightly +hollowed at the base. Cor. greenish. Fruit 1-seeded, red. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land). + + +=T. okelensis= _Hiern._ + +Shrub, 20 ft. high. Leaves elliptical or lanceolate, papery. Flowers in +axillary clusters, 5-7-merous; style somewhat hairy above, 2-3-cleft. +Berry ¼ in. diam., at first yellow, then red. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Khor Okel). + + +486 =Guettarda sp.= + +Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + + +487 =Pentanisia Schweinfurthii= _Hiern._ + +Dwarf herb, 3-6 in. high. Leaves oval or oblong, obtuse; stipules 2-3 +cuspidate. Flowers ½ in. long, lilac, sessile, in branched heads. Fruit +subglobose, puberulous, minute. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit). + + +488 =Cremaspora africana= _Benth._ + +Pubescent subscandent shrub, with supra-axillary spreading branches. +Leaves dimorphous, oval to oblong, 4 in. long, acuminate, or below the +base of the branchlets auricled, subreniform, up to 1½ in. in diam. +Flowers 5-merous, white, fragrant, under ½ in. long, subsessile, 2-6 in +short axillary clusters. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Khor Tela, Bongo, Niamniam & Jur lands); Mongalla +Prov. (Yei River). + +Fruits yield a blue colour like Indigo. + + +489 =Polysphæria parvifolia= _Hiern._ + +Shrub, 7 ft. high, with supra-axillary branchlets. Leaves dimorphous, +oval to ovate, rounded or subcordate at base, or below the branchlets +suborbicular and cordate. Flowers small, 4-merous, axillary, 3-5 +together in sessile clusters. Berry ¼ in. in diam. + +Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat). + + +=P. Schweinfurthii= _Hiern._ + +Much branched shrub, 20 ft. high. Leaves oblong-ovate, rounded or +subcordate at base, up to 4 in. long. Calyx persistent, 4-toothed. +Berries 1-2 together, ¼ in. diam. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Malgo Stream). + + +490 =Canthium zanzibaricum= _Klotzsch._ + +Unarmed shrub, sometimes scandent; branches at first green, turning +white. Leaves coriaceous, oval to ovate, obtusely acuminate, rather +unequal, under 5 in. long. Flowers minute, white, in dense axillary +panicles. Fruit 2-lobed, ½ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam and Bongo lands). + + +=C. polycarpum= _Schwfth._ + +Tree, 40 ft. high, in habit not unlike a tree-fern. Leaves oval, +acuminate, papery. Fruits numerous, 2-lobed, ¼ in. long, wrinkled; seeds +horse-shoe shaped. Panicle sub-globose, axillary, 2-3 in long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +=C. venosum= _Oliv._ + +Unarmed shrub, tree or climber; young parts rusty-hispid. Branches ashy; +leaves oval-ovate to lanceolate, subcoriaceous, with hairy depressions +in axils of veins, up to 5 in. long. Flowers minute, white, axillary, in +globose panicles, 1 in. in diam. Fruit globose, hard, ⅓ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo & Jur lands and near Badari’s); Bahr El +Jebel (Madi). + + +=C. crassum= _Schwfth._ + +Unarmed shrub, 5-15 ft. high; bark corky-white. Leaves subcoriaceous, +obovate or oval, 6-9 in. long, opposite. Flowers 4-5-merous, ¼ in. long, +in lateral and axillary panicles, below the young leaves. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur & Mittu lands). + + +=C. nitens= _Hiern._ + +Glossy, unarmed shrub; branches ashy, thickened at nodes. Leaves +coriaceous, shining, oval acuminate, up to 4 in. long. Flowers axillary, +numerous, umbellate. Fruit obovoid-oblong, under ½ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. + + +=C. Schimperianum= _A. Rich._ + +Nearly glabrous arborescent shrub. Leaves ovate to lanceolate, cuneate +at base, subcoriaceous, glossy above, up to 2½ in. long. Flowers small, +yellow, axillary, umbellate. Fruit ¼ in. long, obscurely wrinkled. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +491 =Vangueria venosa= _Hochst._ + +Large shrub or small tree. Leaves opp., deciduous, elliptical, narrowed +to both ends, glabrous. Fl. greenish, in lax lateral and axillary +panicles, 1-2 in. in diam. Fruit subglobose, 4-5 sided, 1 in. in diam. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo & Jur lands). + +Fruit is eaten. + + +=V. abyssinica= _A. Rich._ + +Unarmed shrub or small tree. Leaves elliptical, velvety, 2-5 in. long; +stipules caudate, from a broad connate base. Fl. small, yellowish-green, +in branched panicles, 1 in. in diam.; cor. velvety outside. Fruit +subglobose, 4-5 channelled. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli and Abu Sugra on the left bank of the Blue Nile). + + +=V. apiculata= _K. Schum._ + +Scandent shrub. Leaves ovate, gradually acuminate, 3 in. long, 1-1½ in. +broad, glabrous. Cymes axillary, very shortly pedunculate; pedicels +softly tomentose. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +492 =Meyna tetraphylla= _Robyns._ + +Subscandent puberulous shrub, 20 ft. high, with opposite spinous +branches; spines ½-1 in. long, decussate or opposite a spine-like +branchlet. Leaves crowded on short shoots, pseudo-verticillate in fours, +oval, chartaceous. Fl. in short axillary clusters on hairy stalks, +4-5-merous, very small; cor. hairy. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Abu Gurun’s Zeriba); Bahr El Jebel +(Madi). + + +493 =Rytiginia pauciflora= _Robyns._ + +Spinous shrub up to 15 ft. high; spines supra-axillary, opposite, up to +⅓ in. long. Leaves ovate, obtusely acuminate. Flowers small, solitary or +2 together; cor. glabrous with 6-8 tailed lobes. Fruit ⅓ in. long, 3-4 +ribbed. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur & Niamniam lands). + + +=R. euonymoides= _Blume._ + +Unarmed shrub, up to 20 ft. high. Leaves oval or ovate, obtusely +acuminate, obliquely narrowed at the base, chartaceous with small tufts +of hairs in axils of the lateral nerves beneath. Fl. 2-3 together, +minute; cor. throat hairy. Fruit ⅓ in. long, 3-5 ribbed. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Niamniam-land). + + +494 =Fadogia leucophlœa= _Hiern._ + +Unarmed shrub. Leaves ovate-elliptic, obtusely acuminate, shortly +cuneate, about 2 in. long and 1 in. broad, glabrous, bright green. Fl. +clustered, crowded; calyx and ovary pubescent; corolla 6-lobed; disk +hairy. Fruit 2-3 lobed or oblique, ⅓ in. long, minutely pubescent. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land; Bongo-land). + + +=F. agrestis= _Schwfth._ + +Herbaceous, hairy undershrub, 2 ft. high, branching from the base. +Leaves ternate, oval. Fl. hairy, in short axillary panicles. Fruit +ribbed, tipped by persistent calyx, ½ in. broad. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=F. Cienkowskii= _Schwfth._ + +Hirsute undershrub, 2 ft. high. Leaves 3-4 together, oval, obtuse, +chartaceous; stipules apiculate. Fl. 1-3 on a short axillary peduncle; +cor. short, funnel-shaped; lobes 5-6. Drupe globose. + +Fung Prov. (Fadoga). + + +=F. glaberrima= _Schwfth._ + +Glabrous undershrub; branches ternate. Leaves ternate, oval, subsessile. +Fl. minute, 3 together on an axillary peduncle; cor. greenish-white; +lobes 5-6. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +495 =Temnocalyx ancylanthus= _Robyns._ + +Puberulous undershrub, 5 ft. high. Leaves ternate, oval, chartaceous, +glabrous, 1-3 in. long; stip. apiculate, covering a ring of caducous +white hairs. Fl. nearly 1 in. long, greenish-white, 1-4 together on a +short peduncle; cor. funnel-shaped, 5-lobed; stigma 5-lobed at the tip. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur & Niamniam lands). + +=var. puberula= _Robyns._ + +Leaves pubescent on the nerves below. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +496 =Craterispermum laurinum= _Benth._ + +Shrub. Leaves yellowish-green on both sides, opposite, obovate-oval, 2-9 +in. long. Fl. ¼ in. long, in stalked clusters, 1 in. in diam.; cor. +white, funnel-shaped, ¾ in. diam. Berry obliquely globular, ab. ¼ in. in +diam. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +=C. Schweinfurthii= _Hiern._ + +Undershrub. Leaves pale yellowish-green on both sides, oval acuminate, +coriaceous, 5-6 in. long; stipules broadly ovate, connate at base. Fl. +white, ⅓ in. long, in somewhat supra-axillary pedunculate heads. Berry +black-purple, ⅜ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +497 =Ixora radiata= _Hiern._ + +Large shrub, up to 20 ft. high. Leaves opposite, evergreen, oval to +narrow-elliptic, undulate, glossy, up to 12 in. long. Fl. 2-3 in. long, +rose-coloured, crowded in branched clusters; cor. tube slender, lobes ¼ +in. long. Berry subglobose or subdidymous, ¼ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +=I. sp.?= TURA (Baggara)—Arab; KURUWI (J. Eliri) & TIMLEIRRUK +(Kadugli)—Nuba. + +Shrub. Fl. not seen. Fruit a globular berry. + +Nuba Mts. Prov. (on rocks). + + +498 =Pavetta subcana= _Hiern._ PALANJEKE—Golo. + +Small, hoary shrub. Leaves opp., oval, pubescent, 1-2 in. long, rounded +or emarginate at apex. Fl. ¾ in. long, crowded, many together at ends of +short naked branches; cor. tube slender, pubescent, lobes 4. Berry +fleshy, pea-shaped. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land). + + +=P. genipæfolia= _Sch._ & _Thonn.?_ + +Shrub. Leaves elliptic, acuminate, chartaceous, at first hirsute- +pubescent, 3-9 in. long. Fl. ⅔ in. long, in dense, globose panicles, 2-4 +in. diam.; calyx-lobes obovate-oblong, foliaceous, ½ in. long; cor. tube +slender. Fr. globose, ⅓ in. diam., crowned by persistent calyx, shining, +with scattered hairs. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River). + + +=P. gardeniæfolia= _Hochst._ + +Glabrous shrub, 10 ft. high. Leaves narrowly elliptical or obovate, +often marked with immersed glands, 1-3 in. long; stip. ovate, apiculate, +covering caducous hairs. Fl. 4-merous, white, ½ in. long, in drooping +corymbs, up to 1½ in. long. Berry fleshy, ¼ in. in diam. + +Darfur Prov. (J. Marra 6,800 ft.). + + +=P. Oliveriana= _Hiern._ + +Velvety-hairy shrub. Leaves oval, subacuminate, up to 4 in. long. Fl. +white, 4-merous, 1½ in. long, in dense terminal corymbs, 5 in. in diam. +Berry fleshy. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +=P. Baconia= _Hiern._ + +Large shrub or small tree. Leaves elliptical, acuminate, 3-8 in. long. +Fl. white, 4-merous, ab. ¼ in. long, in dense terminal corymbs 2-3 in. +across, with 2 foliaceous bracts at the base; cor. throat bearded. Berry +2-channelled. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Bongo-land). + + +=P. ruwenzoriensis= _S. Moore._ + +Shrub. Leaves elliptic, acuminate, thinly pubescent on both sides, 5 in. +long. Flowers in dense terminal corymbs. Calyx lobes linear. Corolla +nearly 1 in. long, pure white. Anthers dark. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +=P. near P. ruwenzoriensis= _S. Moore._ + +Like the preceding, but corymbs axillary and terminal and leaves +narrowly obovate, glabrous. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +499 =Coffea sp.= (= =C. liberica= _Hiern?_). + +Shrub. Leaves broadly elliptic, acute at the base, about 10 in. long and +5 in. broad, papery, glabrous. Flowers large. Corolla about 1¼ in. long. +Anthers exserted, ⅓ in. long. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +500 =Rutidea olenotricha= _Hiern._ + +Climbing shrub with opposite, shortly tomentose branches. Leaves opp., +obovate-oval, with hairy tufts beneath in axils of lateral nerves, up to +5½ in. long. Flowers 5-merous, in little heads collected in terminal +pyramidal panicles; cor. whitish, hairy outside, with unpleasant smell. +Fruit pea-shaped, fleshy. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +=R. sp.= + +Climbing shrub. Leaves oblong-elliptic, rounded at the base, 4 in. long, +1¾ in. broad. Fruits globose, ¼ in. diam., glabrous. + +Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land, Schwfth. 3113). + + +501 =Morinda lucida= _Benth._ + +Small tree; branchlets rounded. Leaves elliptic, 6 in. long, 3 in. +broad, shining. Peduncles in pairs, slender. Fruit a deeply lobed +syncarpium. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (between Meshra El Rek & Tonj). + + +=M. longiflora= _G. Don._ + +Shrub, often scandent. Leaves opp., oval, acuminate, 2-6 in. long; +stipules short, broad, connate and sheathing. Fl. 1-2 in. long, 3-8 +together in terminal heads; cor. white or copper-coloured, 6-lobed. Fr. +a succulent syncarpium, 1½ in. in diam., orange-coloured. + +Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land). + + +502 =Psychotria sulphurea= _Schwfth._ + +Puberulous undershrub, 5 ft. high. Leaves ovate or oval, 5-6 in. long; +stip. broadly ovate, 3-pointed. Fl. ⅛ in. long, sulphur-coloured, +crowded in terminal, simple or branched cymes. Berry 2-lobed, ¼ in. in +diam. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo & Niamniam lands). + + +=P. cristata= _Hiern._ + +Shrubby. Leaves oval or elliptical, acuminate, 3-7 in. long, margins +revolute. Fl. minute, 5-merous, in dense corymbose cymes; cor. white +with yellow throat, lobes keeled and crested on back. Fr. subglobose. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. & Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land). + + +=P. Schweinfurthii= _Hiern._ + +Shrubby creeping plant. Leaves opp., oval or elliptical. Fl. ¼ in. long, +in crowded terminal panicles; cor. funnel-shaped, throat thinly hairy. +Fr. subglobose. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +=P. mucronata= _Hiern._ + +Glabrous undershrub, 3 ft. high. Leaves oval; stip. ovate, longer than +the petiole, bifid. Fl. cymose; cor. white, 5-lobed, sweet-scented like +the Elder. Fruit subglobose. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=P. nubica= _Del._ + +Glabrous shrub, 7 ft. high. Leaves elliptical, 3 in. long; stip. +triangular. Fl. ½ in. long, 5-merous, 3-6 together, in 3-branched +terminal cymes. Fruit subglobose. + +Fung Prov. (Singa). + + +503 =Geophila uniflora= _Hiern._ + +Creeping perennial, rooting at the nodes. Leaves reniform, cordate, 1-2 +in. long, opposite; stip. ovate or rounded, 1 line long. Fl. solitary, +white, ⅓ in. long, bracteate at base; cor. throat densely bearded. Fr. +ovoid, ⅙ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Hoo River). + + +=G. involucrata= _Schwfth._ + +Creeping puberulous herb. Leaves almost round; stip. semicircular. Fl. +enclosed in cup-shaped involucre of oval bracts, white, ⅓ in. long. Fr. +fleshy, pea-shaped. + +Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land). + + +504 =Cephaëlis suaveolens= _Schwfth._ + +Undershrub, 3-5 ft. high. Leaves opp., oval; stip. broadly oval, connate +at base, bifid, puberulous. Fl. ab. ¼ in. long, 5-merous, white, sweet- +scented, crowded in subterminal and axillary, solitary heads, 1 in. in +diam., with 4 involucral bracts. Berry oval, 12-grooved. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: near Okel). + + +505 =Diodia breviseta= _Benth._ + +Trailing or scandent herb, with scabrid, quadrangular branches. Leaves +opp., elliptical, 1-2 in. long, margins scabrid or serrulate; stipules +of 5 bristles arising from a short truncate base. Fl. white, 4-merous, +sessile, few or several together, axillary. Fr. dicoccous, ⅙ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: near the Boddo River). + + +506 =Gaillonia calycoptera= _Jaub._ & _Spach._ + +Rigid undershrub, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves opp. linear, fleshy, sessile, ¼-1 +in. long; stipules sheathing, each with 2 bristles and adnate to the +base of the leaves. Fl. small, sessile, or nearly so, solitary or few +together, sheathed at base by a pale, calyx-like, 6-cleft involucre, in +simple or alternately branched terminal spikes. Fruit dicoccous. + +Red Sea Prov. (Soturba). + + +507 =Spermacoce tenuissima= _Schwfth._ + +Very slender glabrous annual. Leaves opp., scabrous, sessile, narrow- +linear, acute; stip. truncate and tipped with 1-4 bristles (setæ). Fl. +4-merous in small axillary and terminal sessile heads based by 2 pairs +of leaves at right angles to each other; cor. purplish. Fr. dicoccous. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=S. Phyteuma= _Schwfth._ + +Stiff hispid annual, 2 ft. high. Leaves scabrous, sessile, linear- +lanceolate, 1-3 in. long. Fl. pale-purple in dense axillary and terminal +heads based by 1-3 pairs of leaves. Fr. dicoccous. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land). + + +=S. senensis= _Hiern._ + +Herb. Leaves opp., sessile, lanceolate or elliptical, with scabrous +margins; stipules with hairy sheath and 5-7 setæ. Fl. white, ¼ in. long, +in axillary sessile, verticillate heads based by 1-2 pairs of leaves. +Capsule straw-coloured, ⅙ in. long. + +Fung Prov. (Saoleil); Upper White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur +Ghattas). + + +=S. hebecarpa= _Oliv._ + +Slender annual, 18 in. high; branches 4-angled. Leaves opp., sessile, +linear, scabrid on the margins, 2 in. long; stip. with hairy sheath and +3-5 setæ. Fl. in axillary and terminal, sessile, leafy heads based by +the dilated sheath of the stip. of 1-3 pairs of leaves. Fr. pubescent. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + +=var. major= _Schwfth._ + +More robust than type and up to 2 ft. high. Leaves up to 3 in. long. +Bracteoles very numerous, longer than subulate calyx teeth. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=S. leucadea= _Hochst._ + +Erect annual with whitish hairs; stems and branches 4-angled. Leaves +linear or lanceolate, sessile, scabrous, 1-2 in. long; stipules +yellowish, with 5 bristles. Fl. small, 4-merous, in axillary and +terminal, verticillate and capitate, leafy heads. Capsule ¼ in. long, +hairy above. + +Kordofan Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla). + + +=S. radiata= _Sieber._ + +Hirsute annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves opp., sessile, linear, hispid on +the midrib beneath, 2½ in. long; stip. with 7-9 slender bristles. Fl. +small, white, in dense clusters, up to 1 in. diam., at the ends of stem +and branches. + +Kordofan Prov. + + +=S. Ruelliæ= _DC._ + +Hispid herb; branches 4-angled. Leaves opp., sessile, nearly linear, up +to 3 in. long; stip. with 7 slender bristles. Fl. white, small, +verticillate in axils and terminal; clusters sessile. Fr. dicoccous. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=S. Kotschyana= _Oliv._ + +Procumbent or erect herb, 18 in. high, 4-angled, scabrous. Leaves opp., +sessile, linear, up to 3 in. long. Fl. small, in dense verticillate +axillary and terminal, leafy and bracteolate heads 1 in. in diam.; +bracteoles pale-red, filiform. Fr. pubescent, dicoccous. + +Blue Nile Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé). + + +=S. compacta= _Hochst._ + +Herb, 8-16 in. high; stem marked with raised lines. Leaves opp., linear +to oval, 1-2 in. long, scabrous on margins. Fl. small, in dense +verticillate, leafy, sessile terminal and axillary heads, ½ to ¾ in. +diam. Capsule minute, puberulous. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (J. Kon). + + +=S. dibrachiata= _Oliv._ + +Rigid herb, 18 in. high, white-hispid. Leaves lanceolate with revolute +margins, 2-3 in. long. Fl. ¾ in. long, sky-blue or purple, in dense +terminal sessile heads based by the dilated stip. of the uppermost +leaves. Fruit dicoccous. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post). + + +=S. globosa= _Schum._ & _Thonn._ + +Undershrub, 2-3 ft. high; branchlets 4-angled. Leaves opp., narrow- +elliptic, 2½ in. long; stip. with 3-7 bristles. Fl. small, white, in +terminal globose clusters based by the reflexed or obsolete upper pair +of leaves. Fr. dicoccous. + +White Nile Prov. + + +=S. sphærostigma= _A. Rich._ + +Annual, 2½ ft. high. Leaves opp., lanceolate, up to 4 in. long; stip. +with 5-7 bristles. Fl. ½ in. long in dense sessile, terminal and +axillary heads, exceeded by the uppermost, spreading leaves. Fr. +dicoccous, bursting round the base. + +White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Jur-land). + + +508 =Octodon filifolium= _Schum._ & _Thonn._ + +Erect annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves opp., filiform up to 4 in. long. Fl. +10-20 together within the stipular sheath of the upper leaves and +surrounded by numerous filiform bracts; calyx teeth 8, purple; cor. +lobes 4, white. Fr. dicoccous. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, swampy places). + + +509 =Mitracarpum scabrum= _Zucc._ + +Sturdy branched annual 1-2 ft. high. Leaves opp., oval or oblong, 1-2½ +in. long, with scabrous margins; stip. with 5-7 bristles. Fl. white in +verticillate and terminal heads. Fr. more or less 2-lobed, bursting in a +ring round the middle, the upper portion somewhat like a mitre. + +Nubia; Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Gondokoro, Muriel S/93); Darfur +Prov. (Zalingei). + + +510 =Rubia discolor= _Turcz._ + +Scabrous, scandent, perennial; branches 4-angled. Leaves verticillate, +ovate, cordate, hoary-tomentose beneath, up to 2 in. long, 3-5 nerved. +Fl. small, in axillary and terminal cymes. Fr. 2-lobed, fleshy. + +Bahr El Jebel (“beyond 2½° N. lat.”). + + +511 =Galium Aparine= _Linn._ + +Scandent scabrid annual with 4-angled branches. Leaves 6-9 in a whorl, +linear to narrow-elliptic, finely prickly on the margins, up to 1 in. +long, 1-nerved. Fl. small, white or greenish. Fr. minute, covered with +hooked hairs. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit and Has Has). + + +=G. simense= _Hochst._ + +Prostrate, glabrous and angular herb, ab. 1 ft. long. Leaves 6 in a +whorl, linear, 1-nerved. Fl. purple, 3 together at ends of short lateral +branches. Fr. 2-lobed, coriaceous. + +Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Soturba). + + +=G. Decaisnei= _Boiss._ + +Annual, 6-9 in. high. Leaves 6 in a whorl, the upper linear, 1-nerved, +the lower spathulate. Fl. purple, minute, in slender divaricate, +terminal panicles. + +Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Soturba). + + +=G. rotundifolium= _Linn._ + +Perennial; stems angular, hispidulous. Leaves 4 in a whorl, oval, +3-nerved, bristly on margins, ¾ in. long. Fl. small, white in terminal +branched panicles, 4-merous. Fr. bristly-hairy. + +Darfur Prov. (Jebel Marra, 9,200 ft.). + + +=G. Mollugo= _Linn._ + +Nearly glabrous perennial. Leaves 6-8 in a whorl, linear 1-nerved, ½ in. +long, finely scabrid on margins. Fl. small, white, in branched terminal +panicles. Fr. very small, subrugose, coriaceous. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.). + + +=G. sp.= + +Very small delicate herb with thread-like branches. Leaves whorled, +linear, ⅛ in. long. Flowers minute, on very slender pedicels. Ovary +villous. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.). + + + =COMPOSITÆ.= + +_A. Flower-heads homogamous; florets all tubular and hermaphrodite, +white, rose, purple or violet, never distinctly yellow. Leaves alternate +or with all or only lower leaves opposite._ + + +512 =Sparganophorus Vaillantii= _Gærtn._ + +Glabrous annual. Leaves alternate, linear-lanceolate to elliptical. +Flower-heads ab. ⅓ in. in diam.; bracts numerous; involucre +hemispherical. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River). + + +513 =Ethulia conyzoides= _Linn._ HASHISH EL FARRAS, RIHAN & UMREHAUN +(Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab. + +Branched herb, ab. 3 ft. high. Capitula of purple florets, up to ¼ in. +broad, in diffuse corymbose cymes; invol. bracts numerous. Leaves linear +to narrow elliptic, 1-5 in. long. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile +Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & +Niamniam-land); Mongalla Prov.; Darfur Prov.; Fung Prov. (Jongol’s +Post). + + +514 =Erlangea cordifolia= _Benth._ + +Erect branching herb. Leaves alternate, amplexicaul, sessile, serrulate, +scabrid above and hoary beneath, 1-3 in. long. Capitula campanulate ab. +⅓ in. diam.; florets purple. + +Upper White Nile Prov. (Kodok). + + +=E. Rüppellii= _Sch. Bip._ + +Hoary-tomentose herb, ½-2 ft. high. Leaves alternate, or the lower opp., +linear-lanceolate, 1-2½ in. long. Capitula ab. ⅓ in. in diam., in +diffuse terminal corymbose cymes. + +Upper White Nile Prov. + + +=E. polycephala= _O._ & _H._ + +Erect, more or less hoary-tomentose herb. Upper leaves lanceolate or +ovate-lanceolate, 1-2 in. long, base sessile, obtuse or amplexicaul. +Capitula small in diffuse cymose panicles. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur to Meshra, Niamniam-land). + + +515 =Vernonia jugalis= _O._ & _H._ + +Herb 7-8 ft. high. Leaves obovate or oval, cuspidate, softly tomentose +beneath, 1-3 in. long; capitula campanulate, ab. 30-flowered, ab. ½ in. +long, in dense corymbose cymes 6 in. in diam.; florets rose-lilac. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +=V. atriplicifolia= _Jaub._ & _Spach._ + +Undershrub, ab. 3 ft. high, covered with close stiff silky hairs and +scattered sessile glands. Leaves (as with others in this genus) +alternate, ovate to rhomboidal with 1-3 coarse teeth on each side, up to +1 in. long. Capitula ab. 12-flowered in a diffuse leafy panicle, red or +purplish. + +Red Sea Prov. (Suakin). + + +=V. turbinata= _Oliv._ & _Hiern._ + +Large herb, closely white-tomentose. Leaves subsessile, elliptic-oblong, +entire or denticulate, scabrous above, 2½ in. long. Capitula turbinate, +many-flowered, ⅔ in. wide, purple, in an elongated terminal panicle. + +Bahr El Jebel (Madi woods). + + +=V. Perrottetii= _Sch. Bip._ AKIEIRA (Goz el Siada)—Dinka. + +Pubescent or puberulous annual, up to 2 ft. high. Leaves narrow-linear, +scabrid, up to 2 in. long. Capitula ab. 1 in. diam., campanulate, +purple, solitary, terminating the numerous branches. + +Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (Hillet Nu); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur +Ghattas); Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + + +=V. violacea= _O._ & _H._ + +Erect herb, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves subsessile, obovate-oblong, crenate- +dentate, up to 3 in. long. Cap. hemispherical, many-flowered ab. ⅔ in. +wide, solitary, terminating numerous naked peduncles, 1-3 in. long. +Inner pappus violaceous. + +Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + + +=V. ambigua= _Kotschy_ & _Peyr._ + +Erect, pilose annual ½-2 ft. high. Leaves sessile, with subauricled +base, oblanceolate to linear-oblanceolate, up to 4 in. long. Cap. +hemispherical ab. ¾ in. diam., in terminal corymbose cymes, up to 1 ft. +diam.; cor. purple. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Bahr El Jebel (Madi woods). + + +=V. undulata= _O._ & _H._ + +Erect, puberulous herb, ab. 2 ft. high. Leaves lanceolate and ovate, +undulate, 1-2 in. long. Cap. ab. 20-flowered, ab. ⅓ in. across, in a lax +corymbose cyme 6 in. across; flowers rose-blue. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land, near Gumba). + + +=V. cinerascens= _Sch. Bip._ + +Very like _V. atriplicifolia_; differs chiefly by its setaceous pappus. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.). + + +=V. Smithiana= _Less._ + +Herb, 1-2 ft. high, woody at base and silvery-hairy. Leaves subsessile, +lanceolate-oblong to ovate-elliptic, silvery beneath, up to 2½ in. long. +Heads hemispherical, ab. 1/5 in. wide, ab. 15-flowered, in small +terminal panicles. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=V. plumbaginifolia= _Fenzl._ + +Herb, ab. 2 ft. high; stock woody. Leaves obovate-oblong or the upper +linear, up to 1½ in. long. Heads campanulate, many-flowered, ⅓ in. +across in much branched terminal cymes. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: forest glades, +Gir). + + +=V. purpurea= _Sch. Bip._ + +Rigid scabrid herb up to 4 ft. high. Leaves elliptic-oblong, acute, +serrulate, scabrous, up to 6 in. long. Cap. hemispherical, many- +flowered, dull purple, ¾-1½ in. diam., solitary or in few-headed +terminal cymes. + +Bahr El Jebel (Madi woods). + + +=V. Unionis= _Schultz Bip._ + +Erect, thinly tomentose herb, 3-4 ft. high. Leaves ovate or ovate- +lanceolate, upper lanceolate dentate-serrate, up to 6 in. long. Heads +many-flowered, rose-purple, ½ in. diam., in a terminal panicled corymb +¼-1 ft. diam. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat). + + +=V. pauciflora= _Less._ GALANVA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka. + +Erect, pubescent annual, 1-4 ft. high. Leaves elongated, acutely +attenuate at both ends, serrulate, up to 6 in. long, dull yellowish +green. Heads ab. 1 in. across, purple, in a terminal, forking, often +leafy, cyme 6-12 in. long, and 3-6 in. wide. + +Red Sea Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Upper +White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); Darfur Prov. (Zalingei). + + +=V. amygdalina= _Del._ SURIB—Arab; HAIFERET—Rashida; TEIDE +(Dilling)—Nuba; SHUGEIT—Hameg. + +Shrub or small tree. Leaves lanceolate or lanceolate-oblong, narrowed +both ends, 4-8 in. long. Cap. ab. 20-flowered, ⅛-¼ in. wide, white, in +dense, much branched globose or pyramidal panicles 4-12 in. diam. + +Red Sea Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Jebel Marra: Wadi Gindi, 7,000 ft.); Fung +Prov. (Fazoghli & Jongol’s Post); White Nile, Kordofan & Bahr El Ghazal +Provinces. + + +=V. inulæfolia= _Steud._ + +Erect scabrous herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves ovate, or upper lanceolate, +distantly serrulate 1-4 in. long; petioles somewhat clasping at the +base, 2 lines long. Heads ab. ½ in. diam., many-flowered, in small +terminal corymbs, 1½-3 in. diam. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=V. infundibularis= _O._ & _H._ + +Tall glabrous herb. Leaves linear to linear-oblong, entire, 1-3½ in. +long, subsessile. Heads turbinate, many-flowered, 1-1½ in. diam, bluish +violet, solitary or few together on peduncles up to 2½ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: near Kulensho). + + +=V. Schweinfurthii= _O._ & _H._ + +Perennial branching from a woody stock, ab. 1 ft. high. Leaves linear, +subsessile, almost glabrous, ½-2 in. long. Heads turbinate- +hemispherical, reddish violet, ab. ½ in. diam., on peduncles up to 3 in. +long, solitary or in corymbose cymes. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo, Jur & Mittu lands). + + +=V. gerberæformis= _O._ & _H._ + +Dwarf perennial ab. 6 in. high. Leaves radical, oblanceolate, +denticulate, glabrous, 4-6 in. long. Scapes up to 1½ in. long, bearing 1 +or more linear bracts. Heads widely-campanulate, ab. 1 in. long, +solitary erect. Fl. bluish. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Addai). + + +=V. Kotschyana= _Sch. Bip._ + +Tall erect herb. Leaves oblong-elliptical to oblanceolate, 2-6 in. long. +Heads 1½-2 in. diam., solitary or in lax terminal cymes; cor. violet; +inner scales of invol. wavy-linear-lanceolate, scarious. + +Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (Mulbes); Upper White Nile Prov. (from Sobat +south); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongoland); Mongalla Prov.; Darfur Prov. +(Kulme). + + +=V. firma= _O._ & _H._ + +Herb; branches grooved, softly tomentose. Leaves elliptical, narrowed +both ends, serrate-dentate, green and glabrous above, pale, tinged with +red beneath. Heads campanulate, many-flowered ab. ½ in. diam., in a +stiff corymbose cyme, leafy below, 6 in. diam; fl. rose-blue, ½ in. +long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Linduku stream). + + +=V. pumila= _Kotschy_ & _Peyr._ BUTRUNGU—Golo. + +Dwarf herb from perennial rootstock, 2-4 in. high, more or less leafless +at flowering time. Heads 1-1½ in. diam., solitary or cymose; fl. purple. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (grassy plains); Bahr El Jebel (Madi woods). + + +=V. Aschersonii= _Sch. Bip._ + +Diffuse shrubby herb, ab. 1 ft. high, extremities and leaves white +pubescent. Leaves oblanceolate, sessile, up to 1½ in. long. Heads +campanulate, ab. 20-flowered, ⅓ in. broad, on slender pedicels, ab. 1 +in. long, in numerous lax terminal cymes; cor. purple. + +Darfur Prov. (Prairies 20-80 m. N.E. of El Fasher); Red Sea Prov. (near +Talug Hilla). + + +=V. theophrastifolia= _Schwfth._ + +Ab. 15 ft. high. Upper leaves oblanceolate, denticulate, obtuse, base +sessile auricled amplexicaul, scurfy above, puberulous beneath, 13½ in. +long. Heads subsessile, ab. 8-flowered, clustered 1-4 together, +campanulate, ¼ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River). + + +=V. Thomsoniana= _O._ & _H._ + +Shrub with grooved, obscurely angular branches. Leaves elliptic-oblong, +attenuate to the narrow-winged petiole, 3-4 in. long. Heads ⅙ in. diam., +campanulate-oblong, closely crowded in corymbose terminal panicles, 6 +in. across. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: below Kero & Reggo); Bahr El Jebel +(Madi); Darfur Prov. (Kulme?). + + +=V. conferta= _Benth._ + +Tree, 20-25 ft. high with stout tomentose branches. Leaves obovate or +elliptic-oblong, sinuous, thinly tomentose beneath, 1-3 ft. long. Heads +⅓ in. long, 10-18-flowered, in spiciform racemes arranged in ample +terminal panicles; cor. greenish-white. + +Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Diagbe River). + + +=V. sp.= + +Small tree. Leaves oblanceolate, 2-2½ in. long, stellate-pubescent, +denticulate. Heads cymose. Bracts chaffy. Achenes deeply grooved, +pubescent Pappus straw-coloured. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (on alluvium at Tonj, N. 313 S.G.H.). + + +=V. sp.= + +Weak herb. Leaves obovate, remotely toothed, 2 in. long, softly +pubescent. Invol. bracts linear, very acute, ⅙ in. long pubescent. + +Mongalla Prov. (Bor. 1631 S.G.H.). + + +516 =Triplotaxis stellulifera= _Hutchinson._ + +Diffuse decumbent annual, 2 ft. high. Leaves alternate, ovate, ½ in. to +nearly 2 in. long. Heads broad-campanulate, ab. ⅙ in. wide, ab. +20-flowered, in loose corymbose cymes; fl. violet. + +Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Assika River). + + +517 =Elephantopus scaber= _Linn._ + +Erect villous or hirsute herb, 2-8 ft. high. Leaves alternate, +oblanceolate to obovate-elliptic or oblong, crenate-serrate with minute +mucros on the tips of the serratures, scabrid above, pubescent beneath, +4-8 in. long; petiole amplexicaul. Heads ½ to ¾ in. diam. with an +involucre of 3-5 ovate rotundate bracts. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + +Said to possess febrifugal and diuretic properties. + + +518 =Adenostemma viscosum= _Forst._ + +Herb, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves opp., ovate, cuneate at base, serrate or +crenate-dentate up to 6 in. long; pet. up to 2½ in. long. Heads ab. ⅓ +in. wide in usually viscous pubescent axillary and terminal panicles; +cor. white. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Tuhami’s Zeriba). + + +519 =Ageratum conyzoides= _Linn._ + +Hirsute herb. Leaves opp., or upper alternate, ovate, obtuse, base +narrowed, crenate, 1-3 in. long. Heads ¼ in. diam., in dense terminal +panicled corymbs. Fl. white to lilac or purple. + +Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the +Nabambisso River). + +An invading weed in most parts of the Tropics. + + +520 =Eupatorium africanum= _O._ & _H._ + +Pubescent. Leafy herb, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves alternate, ovate or ovate- +lanceolate, base rounded, 3-nerved, 3 in. long. Heads ab. 5-flowered, ⅙ +in. wide, in dense terminal, corymbose cymes, 1½-4 in. broad. Fl. white +or purple. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: south of Gumba). + + +521 =Mikania scandens= _Willd._ + +Twiner, ab. 40 ft. high. Leaves opp., from ovate to deltoid or hastate, +base cordate or auricled, 1-5 in. long; pet. ½-5 in. long. Heads ab. ¼ +in. long, subsessile in terminal and axillary corymbose panicles. Fl. +purplish, white or pale yellow. + +Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: near the Mbrwole River). + + +_B. Flower-heads various, mostly_ (1) _heterogamous; outer (ray) +florets, usually female, sometimes neuter, ligulate, tubular or +filiform; inner (disk) florets tubular, hermaphrodite, rarely wholly +sterile;_ (2) _homogamous by suppression of ray florets, tubular or +campanulate and hermaphrodite;_ (3) _unisexual. Corolla white, largely +yellow, but also pink, purple or blue._ + + +522 =Microtrichia Perrottetii= _DC._ + +Pubescent herb, 1 ft. high. Leaves alt., obovate, coarsely toothed, 1½ +in. long. Heads many-flowered, small, yellow, heterogamous. Fl. tubular, +denticulate, disk campanulate 5-fid. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: by the Tonj River near Addai). + + +523 =Dichrocephala latifolia= _DC._ + +Erect herb, 5 ft. high. Leaves alt., lyrate, 1½-3 in. long. Heads +subglobose, heterog.; fem. fl. white, tubular, 2-3 dentate; hermaphr. +fl. purple campanulate. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +524 =Grangea maderaspatana= _Poir._ RIMITH (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; +RUBEL—Rashida; KEIRANI—Hadendowa. + +Hairy herb up to 1 ft. Leaves alt., obovate, pinnatifid, ½-3 in. long. +Heads yellow, small, 1-3 together, terminal or leaf-opposed, heterog.; +fem. fl. narrow tubular, 2-4-fid; hermaphr. fl. campanulate, 4-5-fid. + +Red Sea Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov. +(Jebelein); Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongoland: Tonj River); Karawan. + +The leaves are valued for their anodyne properties; they are also said +to be stomachic and anti-spasmodic. + + +525 =Ceruana pratensis= _Forsk._ + +Hairy herb, 2 ft. high. Leaves alt., obovate, pinnatifid or coarsely +toothed, base often clasping and auricled. Heads small, yellow cymose, +heterog.; fem. fl. tubular, 2-4-fid; hermaphr. fl. campanulate, 5-fid. + +North Sudan; Khartoum, Blue Nile & Kordofan Provinces. + + +526 =Felicia Richardii= _Vatke._ + +Wiry herb or shrub. Leaves alt., elliptic-oblong, 1 in. long, hispid. +Heads solitary at ends of branches, heterog.; fem. fl. ligulate; disk +fl. hermaphr. or wholly or partly sterile, tubular, 5-toothed; anthers +petaloid, linear-oblong. Fl. white. + +Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 9,000 ft.). + + +527 =Microglossa volubilis= _DC._ + +Small shrub, sometimes scandent. Leaves alt., ovate-acuminate, 1-4 in. +long, puberulous. Heads small, in cymes 2-8 in. wide, heterog.; fem. fl. +ligulate, ligule narrow, white; hermaphr. fl. tubular, yellow. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: gallery wood near Kulensho) + + +528 =Conyza ægyptiaca= _Ait._ DINSÏS & NAKHSHASH EL DUBBAN—Arab. + +Hairy herb, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves linear-oblong to spathulate, margin +subentire to pinnatifid, base amplexicaul, 1-4 in. long. Heads small, in +corymbose, axillary or terminal panicles, heterog.; fem. fl. filiform, +whitish, ligule none; hermaphr. fl. tubular, 5-toothed, yellow. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov.; +Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat mouth); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam- +land: near the Boddo River); Lake Rudolf. + + +=C. stricta= _Willd._ + +Woody herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves alt. linear, spathulate, pinnatifid or +dentate, amplexicaul, hispid, ½ in. long. Heads many-flowered in dense +corymbose cymes, heterog.; fem. fl. filiform-ligulate whitish; hermaphr. +fl. tubular 5-toothed, yellow. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 9,000 ft.). + + +=C. Hochstetteri= _Sch. Bip._ + +Stem creeping; branches erect, up to 2 ft. high. Leaves alt., oblong- +lanceolate, auriculate-cordate, dentate, hairy, 1-2 in. long. Heads +finally globose, in dense terminal cymes, ab. 1 in. diam., heterog.; +female fl. filiform; hermaphr. tubular, 5-toothed. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post). + + +529 =Blumea aurita= _DC._ BOFUFA—Zande. + +Pubescent erect herb, 3 ft. high. Leaves alt.; radical leaves obovate or +elliptical; cauline same or lyrate-pinnatipartite, auricled, 4½ in. +long. Heads in corymbose terminal panicles, heterog.; fem. fl. filiform, +disk fl. hermaphr. or sterile. + +Nubia; Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Mittu-land, Kuraggera); Bahr El Jebel (Sudd 8° 40″); Mongalla +Prov. + + +=B. abyssinica= _Sch. Bip._ + +Herb, 18 in. high. Leaves alt., linear, or lower oblanceolate, clasping. +Fl. much as above. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.). + + +=B. bifoliata= _DC._ + +Herb. Leaves glandular-pilose, oblong-lanceolate, toothed in the upper +half, broad at the base, about 1 in. long. Heads in leafy panicles ¼ in. +long. Bracts linear, pilose. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli). + + +=B. lacera= _DC._ + +Pubescent herb, 4 ft. high. Leaves alt., obovate or oblanceolate, +dentate, 1½ in. long. Heads purplish, in terminal panicles, heterog., as +above. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land, & Gazelle River); Mongalla Prov. +(Kenissa); Darfur Prov (J. Marra, Niurnya, 6,500 ft.). + +The plant is used as a febrifuge, also to stop bleeding. Mixed with +black pepper, it is given in cholera. An astringent eye-wash is made +from the leaves. + + +=B. gariepina= _DC._ + +Small shrub covered with dense silky hairs. Leaves linear, decurrent, ½ +in. long. Heads ⅓ in. long. Bracts subulate-linear. Flowers thread-like. + +Darfur Prov. (J. Meidob). + + +530 =Laggera alata= _Schultz Bip._ + +Stout tomentose, glandular herb, up to 6 ft. high; branches winged. +Leaves alt. elliptical or elongate-oblong, decurrent, dentate, up to 10 +in. long. Heads many-fl., in terminal panicles, heterog.; fem. fl. +filiform; hermaphr. fl. tubular, toothed. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit, near Deim Bekir & Bongo-land, Sabbi). + + +=L. pterodonta= _Sch. Bip._ + +Stout viscid herb, 2-7 ft. high. Leaves alt., elliptic-oblong or +lanceolate, decurrent, dentate, 6 in. long. Heads in terminal panicles, +hermaphr., as above. + +Fung Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land, Kuraggera). + + +=L. crassifolia= _Schultz Bip._ + +Shrubby, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves alt., elliptic or oblong, glandulose- +puberulous, decurrent, 2-3 in. long. Heads in terminal panicles. Fl. as +above. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli). + + +531 =Pluchea Dioscoridis= _DC._ + +Shrubby, 6 ft. or more. Leaves alt., oval to lanceolate, often +auriculate-cordate, 1-2 in. long. Heads in terminal corymbose or globose +panicles, heterog.; female fl. filiform; disk fl. tubular, mouth 3-fid, +hermaphr. or sterile. + +Kordofan & Darfur Provinces. + + +532 =Epaltes gariepina= _Steetz._ RIMITH (Kordn.)—Arab; OLEI—Hadendowa; +UM MUSEG—Rashida. + +Scabrid undershr.; branches winged. Leaves alt., linear-oblong, acute, +decurrent, 2½ in. long. Heads 3-6 together at extremities, heterog.; +fem. fl. tubular or filiform; disk fl. tubular, dilated above, +hermaphr., often sterile. + +Kordofan Prov. (J. Um Darrag); Darfur Prov. (60 m. east of El Fasher); +Kassala Prov. (Um Adam). + + +533 =Sphæranthus suaveolens= _DC._ SAGHLIFT, FORGEYH, SIRR EL WARD—Arab. + +Erect herb, 2 ft. high; stem and branches winged. Leaves alt., linear to +elliptic oblong, decurrent, dentate, 2-5 in. long. Heads few-flowered, +red, subglobose, densely crowded on ovoid common receptacles which are +solitary or 2-3 together, terminal or lateral. Fl. white or pink, +heterog., female tubular 3-dentate; disk fl. tubular 5-dent. or sterile. + +Blue Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo, Mittu & Niamniam lands). + + +=S. Steetzii= _O._ & _H._ + +Erect herb, 1-2 ft. high; branches winged above. Leaves linear to +oblong, decurrent, ab. 2 in. long. Heads 5-flowered, the central fl. +only male, the others female; common receptacle hemispherical, +terminating stem and branches. + +Blue Nile Prov. + + +=S. nubicus= _Sch. Bip._ + +Erect glandular-hairy annual, ab. 2 ft. high; upper branches winged. +Leaves linear to lanceolate, decurrent, 1-3 in. long. Heads 3-9 +flowered, the central one male; common receptacle slightly convex, +terminal. + +Kordofan Prov. + + +=S. Brounæ= _Robyns._ + +Herb, 1 ft. high, strongly scented, glandular and pilose. Leaves +sessile, auriculate at the base, oblong, ½ in. long. Heads compound, +globose, pedunculate, ⅓ in. in diam., pink. + +Kordofan Prov. (near Agari). + + +534 =Phagnalon Schweinfurthii= _Schultz Bip._ + +White lanate undershrub. Leaves alt., linear, amplexicaul, 2 in. long. +Heads wide-campanulate, many-flowered, terminal or from upper axils, +heterog.; fem. fl. tubular-filiform, denticulate; hermaphr. tubular, +5-toothed. + +Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Soturba). + + +=P. scalarum= _Schweinfth._ + +Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 9,200 ft.). + + +535 =Achyrocline luzuloides= _Vatke._ + +White lanate undershr. Leaves linear, subamplexicaul, 2 in. long. Heads +4-8 flowered in dense hemispherical, terminal cymes, heterogamous; fem. +fl. 3-5 radiate; hermaphr. 1-3 together; involucre white, shining. + +Red Sea Prov.; between Suakin & Berber. + + +=A. glumacea= _O._ & _H._ + +Hoary lanate undershr. Leaves narrow-linear, 1-4 in. long. Heads 5-8 +flowered (female 4-5 and hermaphr. 1-3 together), sessile, in crowded +branched corymbose or globose cymes; involucre scales shining, white or +pale-yellow. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: high zone). + + +=A. Schimperi= _Sch. Bip._ + +Loose straggling herb, hoary tomentose all over. Leaves ovate, acute, +1½-2 in. long; flower-heads oblong, 4-5 flowered, sessile in dense +corymbs; bracts shining. + +Red Sea Prov. (foot of Has Has). + + +536 =Gnaphalium luteo-album= _Linn._ + +Erect cottony herb. Leaves alt., linear or spathulate, semi-amplexicaul, +1-3 in. long. Heads campanulate, many-flowered, subsessile, many +together in crowded clusters, terminal or axillary, heterog.; fem. fl. +filiform; hermaphr. fl. 4-5 in each head; invol. bracts straw-coloured. + +Fung Prov. (Saoleil); Kordofan Prov. + + +=G. Unionis= _Schultz Bip._ + +Lanate annual, up to 1 ft. high. Leaves linear, subamplexicaul, ½-1 in. +long, lanate. Heads campanulate, crowded in terminal, often involucrate +clusters. Fem. fl. filiform; hermaphr. fl. 6-8-15 in each head; invol. +bracts white at tips, woolly outside. + +Dongola Prov. (Debba); Kordofan Prov. + + +=G. pulvinatum= _Del._ + +Prostrate, lanate-tomentose annual; branches 3-5 in. long. Leaves alt., +spathulate, attenuate to base. Heads campanulate, in subglobose leafy or +involucrate clusters; hermaphr. fl. 4-6; fem. fl. numerous; invol. as +above. + +White Nile Prov. (above El Eish); Kordofan Prov. + + +=G. niliacum= _Raddi._ + +Cottony herb, 3-10 in. high. Leaves alt., spathulate or obovate, +attenuate into short petiole. Heads campanulate, sessile, in dense +spiciform terminal clusters; fem. fl. numerous; hermaphr. fl. 4-5 outer +invol. lanate; midrib green. + +Dongola Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit). + + +537 =Helichrysum rosulatum= _O._ & _H._ + +Procumbent, tomentose perennial, 1½ in. high. Leaves alt., spathulate, +oblong, emarginate, ½-1 in. long, crowded at base of branches. Capitula +6-7 all hermaphr., many together forming a subglobose head; invol. +scales purple. + +Red Sea Prov. (shores of the Red Sea). + + +=H. Nimmoanum= _O._ & _H._ + +Woolly white, shrubby plant. Leaves alt., oblong or ovate, ab. 1 in. +long. Capitula 8-10 flowered, hermaphr., crowded in dense branched +terminal corymbs; invol. scales straw-coloured. + +Red Sea Prov. (shores of the Red Sea). + + +=H. gracilipes= _O._ & _H._ + +Procumbent rosulate, white woolly herb, giving out offshoots. Leaves +elliptic, ½ in. long. Capitula hermaphr., 20-flowered, solitary at ends +of branches; invol. scales straw-coloured. + +Red Sea Prov. + + +=H. undatum= _Less._ + +Erect white-woolly perennial, 4 ft. high. Leaves linear to lanceolate, +up to 5 in. long. Capitula hermaphr., with orange fimbrillæ, crowded in +terminal corymbose cymes; 1-6 in. diam.; invol. scales rose-coloured. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +=H. abyssinicum= _Sch. Bip._ + +Shrubby, 18 in. high. Leaves linear or linear-oblong, densely tomentose, +ab. 1 in. long. Capitula heterog., 50-fl., yellow, crowded in dense +globose clusters, 1-3 in. wide, terminal; fem. fl. filiform; invol. +scales pale-yellow, shining. + +Darfur Prov. (J. Marra). + + +538 =Leysera capillifolia= _DC._ + +Slender glandular-scabrid annual. Leaves filiform or linear, crowded, 1 +in. long. Cap. yellow, heterog., solitary on slender subterminal +peduncles; fem. fl. ligulate, ligule very small; hermaphr. fl. tubular, +5-cleft. + +Red Sea Prov. (Coast: Soturba, J. Shellal at 3,000 ft., Suakin). + + +539 =Inula macrophylla= _Schultz Bip._ + +Perennial, 2-5 ft. high. Leaves alt., oval or ovate, 1 ft. or more long, +upper cordate-amplexicaul, tawny-tomentose. Capitula hermaphr., yellow, +in a dense corymbose terminal cyme, 4-8 in. wide. + +Red Sea Prov. (Karora). + + +540 =Iphiona scabra= _DC._ + +Glandular scabrid undershrub. Leaves alt., subulate-pungent, 1 in. long +with 2-6 small basal spines. Capit. hermaphr., yellowish-white, +14-flowered, solitary, axillary or terminal. + +Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Soturba). + + +541 =Pegolettia senegalensis= _Cass._ + +Hispid annual, up to 2 ft. high. Leaves alt. linear or oblanceolate, ½-1 +in. long. Capit. hermaphr., yellow, turning purple, 18-30 flowered, +solitary, terminal. + +Blue Nile Prov. (Rufaa); Kordofan Prov. + + +542 =Vicoa auriculata= _Cass._ + +Annual, 1-3 ft. Leaves alt., linear-lanceolate to oblong, auriculate, +amplexicaul, ½-3 in. long. Capit. hermaphr., orange-yellow, forming a +loose terminal panicle. + +Red Sea Prov. (Soturba); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli & Jongol’s Post); White +Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur & Bongo-lands). + + +543 =Pulicaria petiolaris= _Jaub._ & _Spach._ + +Somewhat woody herb, up to 1½ ft. high, glandular-puberulous and +appressed pubescent. Leaves alt. ½-2 in. long, oval or lanceolate, +dentate, cuneate or truncate at base; petiole winged, amplexicaul, up to +1 in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, in loose corymbs; fem. fl. with +minute ligule. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Fung Prov. + + +=P. Grantii= _O._ & _H._ + +Shrubby, 2 ft. or more; stems glandular puberulous. Leaves linear, +sessile, short tomentose, up to 1 in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, +solitary, terminal, many-flowered. Ligule of fem. fl. small; hermaphr. +fl. tubular, 5-dentate. + +Khartoum Prov. (16° N.L.). + + +=P. undulata= _DC._ RIHAN (Kordn.), ARRĀWAL (Atbara), RUBBUL, GHUBEYRA, +& KUTKAT—Arab. + +Woolly, strongly-scented herb, ½-2 ft. high. Leaves linear to +oblanceolate, dentate, undulate, auriculate-amplexicaul, ½-2 in. long. +Capit. heterog., yellow, many-flowered, solitary, terminal. + +Red Sea Prov.; Kassala Prov.; Æthiopia (J. El Ghazal); Khartoum, Blue +Nile, Kordofan & Darfur Provinces. + + +=P. crispa= _Benth._ & _Hook. f._ + +White tomentose herb, 1-2½ ft. high. Leaves linear to obovate-oblong, +auriculate amplexicaul, ¾-1½ in. long, denticulate-crisped. Capit. +heterog., yellow, many-flowered, loosely panicled, terminal; hermaphr. +fl. 4-5 dentate. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Dongola Prov. (Merowe); Khartoum Prov. +(North); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Abu Nuer, 80 m. E. of El Fasher). + +The dried plant is applied to bruises on cattle. + + +=P. Rüppellii= _Schultz._ + +Small white woolly herb. Leaves obovate, spathulate, denticulate, +auricled and amplexicaul, ½-2½ in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, +solitary and terminal; ligule of fem. fl. long and 3-dentate. + +Red Sea Prov. (shores between 11° and 12° N.L.). + + +=P. vulgaris= _Gærtn._ RÏMÏTH (Kordn.), ZAGHIL & ABU ’AIN SAFRA—Arab. + +Puberulous herb, 1 ft. or more. Leaves linear-oblong, cordate, sessile, +½-2½ in. long. Capit. as above. + +Kordofan Prov. (North of Shersha); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 6,500-9,000 +ft.). + + +544 =Geigeria acaulis= _Benth._ & _Hook. f._ + +Low, tufted, cottony herb. Leaves alt., crowded, linear or oblong, 1-3½ +in. long., overtopping the solitary heterog. yellow capit. Fem. fl. +ligulate, 3-dentate; hermaphr. fl. tubular, 5-fid. + +White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan & Darfur Provinces. + + +=G. alata= _Benth._ & _Hook. f._ GATGAT (Baggara) & RIHAN (N. +Kordn.)—Arab; HASHUK—Hadendowa; DOSH—Rashida. + +Glabrous herb, ½-1 ft. high; branches winged. Leaves opp., oval-oblong, +decurrent, 1-3½ in. long, glandular-punctate. Cap. heterog., yellow, +10-12 flowered, bracteate, solitary in forks of branches. Fl. as above. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Khartoum Prov. (J. Royan); Kassala Prov. (Um +Adam); Kordofan & Darfur Provinces. + + +=G. Macdougalii= _S. Moore._ + +Annual, about 1 in. high. Leaves sessile, oblanceolate or lanceolate- +oblanceolate, mucronate, 1 in long, ciliolate, gland-dotted. Heads small +terminal and axillary. Bracts 4-seriate. + +White Nile Prov. + + +545 =Anisoppapus africanus= _O._ & _H._ + +Erect puberulous herb, 3-4 ft. Leaves deltoid, hastate, crenate, 1-3 in. +long, alternate. Capit. heterog., yellow, ½-1 in. wide excluding ligules +of fem. fl. which are spreading and 3-dentate; hermaphr. fl. 5-toothed. +Infl. corymbose. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +=A. chinensis= _Hk._ & _Arn._ + +Erect pubescent herb. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtusely dentate, 1½-2½ +in. long; petioles dilating at base. Capit. as above. + +Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + + +546 =Ambrosia maritima= _Linn._ + +Annual, woody below, hairy, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves alt., ovate, +bipinnatipartite, 1-3 in. long. Capit. white, monœcious, in dense +spikes, male at the top, female below (or sessile in upper axils), in +terminal corymbose panicles; male fl. white, tubular, 5-fid; fem. fl.: +cor. 0 but involucre closed over the fruit, spinose or tubercled. + +Berber Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov. (from Sennar northwards, +on river banks). + + +547 =Xanthium strumarium= _Linn._ KHARAQ EL BAHR—Arab. + +Puberulous annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves deltoid, 3-5-lobed, coarsely +dentate, 1-6 in. broad, cordate; petiole ½-5 in. long Capit. yellow +monœcious; male globose in terminal clusters; female 2-flowered +axillary; invol. of fem. heads prickly. + +Khartoum and Blue Nile Provinces. + +The seeds yield an oil. The fruit is considered efficacious for small- +pox, also useful for diseases of the bladder. Not eaten by cattle. In +the Fung “Mayas,” after all the grass has been eaten, masses of this +plant form vivid green patches. + + +548 =Siegesbeckia orientalis= _Linn._ + +Pubescent, widely branched annual, 1-3 ft. Leaves alt., deltoid-ovate to +lanceolate, 1½-5 in. long, dentate. Capit. heterog., yellow, in +dichotomous leafy panicles; fem. fl. ligulate, toothed, inconspicuous; +hermaphr. fl. tubular, 3-5, dentate. + +Red Sea Prov. + + +549 =Enhydra fluctuans= _Lour._ + +Aquatic herb, 1-2 ft. high; stem rooting and creeping. Leaves opp., +linear to lanceolate, 1-3 in. long, base subhastate, petiole dilated. +Capit. heterog., whitish or greenish, axillary. Fem. fl. inconspicuous; +hermaphr. fl. 5-toothed; invol. bract 4, leafy, ovate. + +Mongalla Prov. (below Bor). + +The leaves are regarded as laxative, antibilious and useful in diseases +of the skin and nervous system. + + +550 =Eclipta alba= _Hassk._ TAMR EL GHANAM (Khartoum), BILTIK (Meshra El +Zeraf)—Arab; HRERVA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka. + +Scabrid herb, ½-2 ft. high. Leaves opp., lanceolate, up to 5 in. long. +Capit. heterog., on peduncles 1-3 together; fem. fl. white, ligulate, +small; hermaphr. fl. tubular, 4-dentate. + +Berber Prov. (Atbara, on river banks); Khartoum Prov.; Darfur Prov.; +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé, Jur Ghattas). + +Yields a black stain which elsewhere is used in tattooing. + + +551 =Sclerocarpus africanus= _Jacq._ + +Hispid herb, 1-4 ft. high. Leaves mostly alt., ovate to ovate- +lanceolate, serrate, 1-6 in. long. Capit. heterog., solitary, over- +topped by involucral bracts; ray fl. 3, neuter, yellow; disk fl. +hermaphr., 10-12, tubular, 4-5-toothed. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. + + +552 =Blainvillea rhomboidea= _Cass._ + +Branched scabrid annual, 1-3½ ft. high. Leaves alt. or opp., lanceolate, +crenate-serrate, up to 3 in. long. Capit. heterog. 1-2 together, forming +with others a panicled leafy cyme. Fem. fl. ligulate, 2-3 dentate, +yellow. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Fung Prov. (Saoleil); White Nile Prov. (J. +Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. + + +=B. Prieureana= _DC._ + +Hispid branched herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves opp. or alt., ovate- +lanceolate to lanceolate, 3-nerved, 1-5 in. long. Inflor. much as above. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Kordofan Prov. (Abu Sinum). + + +553 =Aspilia multiflora= _O._ & _H._ + +Scabrid herb. Leaves opp., ovate-lanceolate, up to nearly 2 in. long. +Capit. heterog., yellow, in lax, leafy panicles; ray fl. neuter, ligule +rarely exceeding ½ in. in length; disk fl. hermaphr. + +Blue Nile Prov. + + +=A. Schimperi= _O._ & _H._ + +Erect annual 1-3 ft. high, scantily hairy. Leaves opp., ovate-lanceolate +or lanceolate, acuminate, connate at the base, 1-5 in. long. Capit. +heterog. yellow, in lax, leafy cymes; ray fl. neuter, ligule 1/5 in. +long. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat). + + +=A. latifolia= _O._ & _H._ + +Hispid herb, 1½-4 ft. high. Leaves opp., ovate, serrulate, 3-nerved near +the base, 1½-5 in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, solitary on long +peduncles, terminal or in forks of branches; ray florets 20, ligule +under ½ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas and Niamniam-land, Nganye). + +The pounded leaves and flowers act as a powerful styptic. + + +=A. Kotschyi= _Benth._ & _Hook. f._ + +Scabrid and hispid annual, 1-4 ft. high. Leaves opp., lanceolate or oval +to linear, subamplexicaul, 1-8 in. long. Capit. heterog., deep maroon- +coloured, solitary or few together, overtopped by involucrate leaves. +Ligule ¼-½ in. long. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. +(J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Darfur Prov. (Kulme); Mongalla Prov. (Gondokoro). + + +554 =Wedelia abyssinica= _Vatke._ + +Undershrub, 3 ft. high. Leaves opp., ovate or oblong-lanceolate, +scabrous, 3-nerved, 1½-3 in. long. Capit. heterog., 1-3 at ends of +branches; fem. fl. ligulate, orange; hermaphr. yellow. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post). + + +555 =Melanthera abyssinica= _Benth._ & _Hook. f._ + +Scabrid branched herb, 2 ft. high. Leaves opp., ovate-lanceolate, +serrate, amplexicaul, 1½-4 in. Capit. heterog., yellow in corymbose +cymes; ray fl. neuter; ligule 2-3-fid; disk fl. tubular, hermaphr. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat). + + +=M. pungens= _O._ & _H._ + +Scabrid herb, 4 ft. high. Leaves opp., ovate, upper lanceolate, +acuminate, shallow-dentate, up to 6 in. long. Capit. as above. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=M. Brownei= _Schultz Bip._ + +Scabrid semi-woody herb, 2-10 ft. high. Leaves opp., deltoid-ovate, +sometimes 3-lobed acuminate, dentate, 2-6 in. long. Capit. heterog. +yellow, in lax terminal cymes; ray fl. female, ligulate, disk fl. +hermaphr. + +Bahr El Jebel (Sudd); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +556 =Verbesina (Ximenesia) enceloides= _Cav._ + +Hoary annual, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves mostly alt., deltoid to oblong, +dentate, 1-6 in. long; petiole ½-2 in., winged auriculate. Capit. +heterog., yellow, on peduncles, up to 8 in. long, forming a loose cyme. +Ray fl. fem., ligule deeply toothed. + +Khartoum, Blue Nile & Kordofan Provinces. + + +557 =Spilanthes Acmella= _Linn._ + +Annual up to 1 ft. high. Leaves opp., ovate, up to 2 in. long. Capit. +usually heterog., usually yellow, solitary on long peduncles; ray flor. +1 seriate, usually present, ligule small or 0. + +Fung Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: +Nabambisso River). + +The whole plant, especially the flower-heads, is very acid and has a +hot, burning taste. It is used for toothache and is considered by +natives a powerful stimulant. + + +558 =Guizotia Schultzii= _Hochst._ + +Scabrous herb, 2-4 ft. Leaves opp., narrow-elliptic, serrate, cordate, +amplexicaul, often connate, 1-8 in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, in +corymbose cymes, pedicels up to 5 in.; fem. fl. 1-seriate; hermaphr. fl. +glandular-hairy. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra 6,500-9,300 feet); Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, Niamniam-land). + + +=G. Schimperi= _Sch. Bip._ + +Pubescent herb, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves opp., elliptic-ovate denticulate, +cordate-amplexicaul, ½-4 in. long. Capit. much as above, but cor. of +hermaphr. fl. subglabrous. + +Darfur Prov. (Zalingei). + + +559 =Coreopsis linearifolia= _O._ & _H._ + +Nearly glabrous herb, 4-5 ft. high. Leaves opp., linear, denticulate +scabrous, 2-6 in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, on peduncles 1-4 in., +in a lax corymbose cyme. Ray fl. ligulate, fem. or neuter. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Steppes near Agada). + + +=C. chrysantha= _Vatke._ + +Pallid herb, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves tripartite; lobes lanceolate or +linear, acutely narrowed at both ends, deeply serrate, scabrid above, +hispid below, ¾-3½ in. by ⅛-1 in.; petioles up to 1¼ in.; sometimes +leaves not lobed, ovate or narrow elliptical. Capit. heterog. on hispid +peduncles in a lax, corymbose cyme, yellow. + +Nubia. + + +=C. abyssinica= _Schultz Bip._ + +Erect herb, ab. 3 ft. high, scabrid-pubescent above. Leaves opp., +pinnatisect, 1½-4½ in. long, segments 3-4 pairs, toothed or +subpinnatipartite. Capit. yellow, heterog., ½ in. diam., on pedicels up +to 4 in., in lax corymbose cymes. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post). + + +=C. guineensis= _O._ & _H._ + +Nearly glabrous annual, ab. 2 ft. high. Leaves opp., tripartite bilobed +or undivided, divisions of the leaf linear 1-7 in. long. Capit. +heterog., yellow, ½-¾ in. long, on peduncles 2-7 in., in a lax cyme, or +solitary, terminal. + +Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Kulme). + + +560 =Bidens pilosa= _Linn._ + +Annual, up to 5 ft. high. Leaves opp., ovate, mostly pinnately-lobed, +blade 1-5 in.; petiole 2½ in. Capit. heterog., tipped with 2-4 barbed, +spinose bristles, in a lax corymbose cyme; ray fl. white, ligulate, fem. +or neuter; disk fl. yellow, hermaphr. Fr. an achene, ab. ½ in. long. + +Red Sea Prov. (Soturba, Coast); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Kordofan Prov. +(Katul Gambara); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Bongo-land, +Gurfala); Darfur Prov. (Kulme & J. Marra). + + +=B. bipinnata= _Schultz Bip._ + +Very similar to above, but leaves mostly bipinnately lobed. Achenes with +3-4 spinose barbed bristles. + +White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Red Sea Prov. + + +=B. Schimperi= _Schultz Bip._ + +Subscabrous herb, up to several feet high. Leaves opp., 2-3 pinnatisect +or more or less 3-fid, 3-6 in. long, with scattered black dots. Capit. +heterog., yellow, in lax corymbose cymes. Ray fl. fem. or neuter; ligule +½ in. long. Achenes with 2, sometimes 3 setæ. + +Red Sea Prov. (Suakin to Khor Tamanib). + + +561 =Chrysanthellum procumbens= _Pers._ + +Glabrous procumbent or erect herb, up to 1 ft. high. Leaves alt., +multifid, up to 1½ in. long; petiole subamplexicaul 1½ in. long. Capit. +heterog., cymose; ray florets fem. ligulate, small. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan +Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf, southwards); Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land); Mongalla Prov. + + +562 =Cotula anthemoides= _Linn._ + +Low, hairy, much branched annual. Leaves alt., deeply subbipinnatifid, +⅓-¾ in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, discoid, solitary terminal; outer +fl. fem., minute, in several rows. + +Berber Prov. (Nile Cataract; near J. Gerri); Khartoum Prov. + + +=C. cinerea= _Del._ SHIA (Port Sudan)—Arab. + +Pale green, villose herb, 1-6 in. high. Leaves alt., pinnatifid, obovate +or spathulate in outline, ¼-¾ in. long. Capit. yellow, heterog., +terminal; fem. fl. few minute or more usually wanting. + +Red Sea Prov. (Port Sudan); Kordofan Prov. + + +=C. Kotschyi= _Benth._ & _Hook. f._ HARR (Khartoum)—Arab. + +Hoary prostrate herb, up to 12 in. high. Leaves alt., obovate- +pinnatipartite, ¼-¾ in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, terminal; fem. +fl. few, minute. + +Berber Prov. (Shendi); Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov. +(Geteina); Darfur Prov. + + +=C. abyssinica= _Schultz Bip._ + +Pilose annual, up to 1 ft. high. Leaves alt., bipinnatipartite, up to 1¼ +in. incl. the petiole, which is as long as the blade and half clasping. +Capit. heterog., yellow, on 6 in. long peduncles; fem. fl. in 1 row, +minute. + +Upper White Nile. + + +563 =Gynura cernua= _Benth._ + +Puberulous annual, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves alt., upper ones auriculate- +amplexicaul, ovate or laciniate-lyrate, irregularly dentate or lobed, +lower ones petiolate. Capit. purple, homog., solitary, terminal, on 6-12 +peduncles; invol. bracts 1-seriate; fl. all tubular, some of the outer +with imperfect anthers. + +Blue Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-Ghattas & Niamniam-land). + + +=G. vitellina= _Benth._ + +Shining herb, 2-6 ft. high. Leaves alt., ovate or lanceolate, +irregularly dentate, 1-4 in. long, auricled at base of petiole. Cap. +yellow, homog., solitary, terminal on peduncles 4-12 in. long, bearing +2-3 bracts; invol. bracts 1-seriate; fl. all tubular, hermaphr. +excepting some outer ones with imperfect anthers. + +Darfur Prov. (J. Marra 3,500 to 9,300 ft.); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +=G. crepidioides= _Benth._ + +Annual 2-3 ft. high. Leaves alt., lyrate-pinnatifid, dentate, 1-10 in. +long. Capit. homog. yellow or with purple tips, in dense or lax +corymbose cymes; invol. bracts 1-seriate; fl. as above. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal (Niamniam-land). + + +=G. amplexicaulis= _O._ & _H._ + +Herb 2½-3 ft. high. Leaves alt., obovate-oblong, dentate, amplexicaul, +4-5 in. long. Capit. reddish-orange, homog., 3-4 together in a long- +peduncled cyme; invol. bracts 1-seriate; fl. as above. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Khor of Bodumo). + + +564 =Emilia sagittata= _DC._ + +Annual, ¼-4 ft. high, glaucescent. Leaves alt., sagittate-amplexicaul, +oval-ovate or oblong, 1-4 in. long. Capit. homog., orange, cymose or +subsolitary on 2½ in. long pedicels; invol. bracts 1-seriate; florets +hermaphr. + +Fung. Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov.; Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: +Wadi Gindi, 7,500 ft.); Upper White Nile Prov. + + +565 =Notonia Schweinfurthii= _O._ & _H._ + +Glabrous, fleshy perennial, 1 ft. high. Leaves narrow-elliptic, sessile, +1-2 in. long. Capit. homog., purple, solitary, many-flowered, on 6-8 in. +long bracteate peduncles; invol. bracts 1-seriate. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit: Pongo River). + + +566 =Senecio arabicus= _Linn._ + +Annual, ab. 1 ft. high. Leaves alt., pinnatifid or partite, oval in +outline 1-3½ in. long, upper amplexicaul, auriculate. Capit. homog., in +broad corymbose cymes; invol. bracts 1-seriate. + +Nubia (Islands of the Nile); Kordofan Prov. + + +=S. abyssinicus= _Schultz Bip._ + +Herb, 3-16 in. high. Leaves alt., spathulate, ½-2½ in. long, somewhat +hairy. Capit. heterog., yellow, 4-12 together, cymose; invol. bracts +1-ser.; fem. fl. ligulate. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +=S. discifolius= _Oliv._ + +Annual, 12-15 in. high. Leaves alt., orbicular, ¾-2 in. diam. (upper +ones obovate spathulate), suddenly narrowed into a winged petiole. +Capit. heterog., orange, 1-3 on 3-7 in. long peduncles, terminal; invol. +bracts 1-ser.; fem. fl. ligulate. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land). + + +=S. picridifolius= _DC._ + +Perennial 1-2 ft. high. Leaves alt., oval-oblong or ovate, auriculate, +toothed, puberulous, 1½-4½ in. long. Capit. homog., 1 or few together, +on 3-6 in. long peduncles; invol. bracts 1-seriate. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Papyrus Swamp, Meshra El Rek). + + +=S. tuberosus= _Schultz Bip._ + +Glabrous herb 7-18 in. high, with white, fleshy tuberous root 1-3 in. +diam. Leaves alt., elliptic to ovate, coarsely toothed or 3-lobed, 4-8 +in. long including petiole. Capit. homog., yellow, 5-flowered, in a +dense subumbelliform cyme. Invol. bracts-seriate. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Khor Koki, Matamma). + +Root edible. + + +=S. Schweinfurthii= _O. Hoffm._ + +Herb. Leaves crowded, linear-oblanceolate, serrate, 4 in. long, shortly +pubescent. Heads few, discoid. Bracts ⅓ in. long, viscid. Pappus longer +than corolla, white. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jurland). + + +=S.? emilioides= _Schultz._ + +Glabrous annual, branched from the base. Capit. discoid; invol. bracts +1-seriate. + +Fung Prov. + + +567 =Tripteris Vaillantii= _Decaisne._ + +Scabrous herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves alt., linear to narrow-elliptic, +dentate to subpinnatifid, 1-4½ in. long, semi-amplexicaul. Capit. +heterog., yellow-purplish, in a lax corymb on 1-7 in. long pedicels; +invol. bracts sub 1-ser.; fem. fl. ligulate; disk fl. tubular, sterile. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit, 21° N.L. sea level to 3-4,000 ft., Has Has). + + +=T. Lordii= _O._ & _H._ + +Scabrid decumbent or ascending herb, 4-6 in. high. Lower leaves opp., +upper alt., oval or narrow-elliptic repand-denticulate, 1½-2½ in. long. +Capit. heterog., yellow, solitary or few in a lax cyme; ligule of fem. +fl. ⅙ in. long, linear. + +Red Sea Prov. (near Erkowit & Khor Tamanib). + + +_C. More or less spinescent herbs, sometimes thistle-like. Capitula +either heterogamous (outer florets usually neuter, ligulate or dilated +tubular) or homogamous, hermaphrodite and tubular. Leaves alternate._ + + +568 =Berkheya Spekeana= _Oliv._ + +Tall, erect, prickly herb. Leaves alt., linear-oblong, semiamplexicaul, +remotely toothed, apiculate at tip, spinose-hispid above, white- +tomentose beneath, 1-6 in. long. Capit. heterog., yellow, 1 in. diam. +excl. ray, solitary or few together; invol. bracts many, spinous +acuminate; ray fl. 1-ser., ligulate, neuter; ligule ab. 1 in. long. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Jebel (Madi); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land). + + +569 =Echinops longifolius= _A. Rich._ + +Erect, thistle-like herbs, ab. 2 ft. high. Leaves linear, amplexicaul- +auriculate, intensely spinose white tomentose beneath, 6-12 in. long. +Capit. 1-flowered collected into a dense globose head; cor. purple; +inner invol. bracts 20-25 lanceolate or spathulate, serrate aculeate. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Bahr El Jebel (Madi); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land). + + +=E. amplexicaulis= _Oliv._ + +Erect thistle-like, 4 ft. or more; stems cottony. Leaves pinnately- +lobed, ovate or elliptical, white-tomentose beneath, 3-9 in. long, +spinose-dentate and tipped. Capit. 1-flowered in a dense globose cluster +3-4 in. diam.; fl. pink; inner invol. bracts 20-25, ciliate-spinulose, +linear-lanceolate or subulate, the innermost connate half-way. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land, Sabbi). + + +=E. macrochætus= _Fresen._ KWANAB—Hadendowa. + +Erect, 3-5 ft. high. Leaves semi-amplexicaul, oblanceolate or +elliptical, up to over 8 in. long, more or less deeply pinnately lobed, +spiny, white-tomentose beneath. Capitula not very numerous in clusters, +1½ in. diam.; inner invol. bracts spathulate, apiculate, ab. 18 in +number, innermost connate into a tube more than half-way up. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Ghulfan); Darfur Prov. (J. +Marra 8-10,000 ft.). + + +=E. spinosus= _Linn._ + +Erect, 3-5 ft. high, white-woolly. Leaves sessile, ovate, pinnatisect, +2-8 in. long, spinose-incised; heads about 1 in. long, in clusters 3-4 +in. diam. + +No locality given (fide Mrs. Crowfoot). + + +=E. sp.= + +Leaves not seen. Heads very large on a cone-like axis, pedicellate, +pedicels covered with very long hairs. + +Mongalla Prov. (Donka’s village, Sillitoe No. 202). + + +570 =Centaurea Calcitrapa= _Linn._ Star-thistle Centaurea. + +Scabrid branched herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves from simple to pinnatisect, +lobes linear, denticulate. Capit. heterog. (outer fl. 1-ser. larger and +neuter), solitary, lateral or terminal; invol., bracts glabrous or +arachnoid ending in a spreading, yellowish spine, ¾ to 1¼ in. long with +a few smaller lateral ones; fl. purple. + +Kordofan Prov. + + +=C. senegalensis= _DC._ ABU SHWEIKA (N. Kordn.)—Arab. + +Coarse scabrid herb, 2 ft. high. Leaves oval, ovate or lanceolate, +apiculate, denticulate, semi-amplexicaul. Capit. ovoid-globose, ½-⅔ in. +thick, solitary, terminal; invol. much as above; fl. purple. + +Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Melit & J. Marra). + +The flower-heads are made into a poultice to reduce swellings. + + +=C. rhizocephala= _O._ & _H._ + +Erect hirsute herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves oval-oblong, sessile, 3-5 in. +long. Capit. 1-1½ in. long, 3 to 9 together in trichotomous cymes +terminating short radical shoots; invol. bracts ending in 3-5 short +spines; outer fl. white, inner rose-coloured. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Sabbi). + + +=C. papposa= _Schultz Bip._ + +Leaves ovate-oblong, sessile, scabrid-glandular, 1½ in. long. sharply +denticulate. Heads few. Bracts long-spine-tipped, pectinate at base. + +Kordofan Prov. (Takari, south of Rahad). + + +571 =Carthamus tinctorius= _Linn._ GURDUM or ASFAR, QORTOM (Egypt)—Arab. + +Erect, thistle-like herb, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves ovate-oblong, sessile, +1-3 in. long, spinulose-denticulate. Capit. ab. 1 in. thick, homog., +solitary or cymose; invol. bracts foliaceous and spinescent (in wild +forms); fl. orange. + +Khartoum, Blue Nile and Kordofan Provinces. + +Cultivated for the flowers which yield an orange dye, called safflower, +and for the seeds which yield a clear, yellow, esculent oil. Poultry +fatten on the seeds. + + +=C. leucocaulos= _Sibth._ + +Glabrous, white-stemmed, prickly herb, 1-1½ ft. high. Leaves pinnatifid, +1-4 in. long, lobes ovate ending in a sharp spine. Capit. terminating +the end branches; inner invol. bracts lanceolate. + +Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Soturba, 22° N.L.). + + +572 =Dicoma tomentosa= _Cass._ + +Cottony erect herb, 6-24 in. high. Leaves narrow-elliptic or spathulate, +½-2½ in. long. Capit. homog., ab. 14 fl., on short axillary branches and +terminal; invol. bracts lanceolate with 1 spine, arachnoid or cottony; +fl. white or pale yellow. + +Fung Prov. (Sheik Talha); Kordofan Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. +Arashkol). + +The plant is used as a febrifuge, especially in fevers after childbirth. + + +=D. sessiliflora= _Harv._ + +Silvery cottony rigid herb, ab. 2 ft. high. Leaves narrow-elliptic, 3½-8 +in. long. Capit. homog., sessile, on short lateral branches and +terminal, solitary or few together in dense cymes; invol. bracts +lanceolate with a sharp, pointed tip; fl. pale-yellow. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land, Abu Gurun). + + +573 =Hochstetteria Schimperi= _DC._ + +Tall, angular-branched herb. Leaves oval, with narrowly-winged petiole, +½-2 in. long, minutely crenate. Capit. homog.; pedunculate, terminal; +invol. bracts spiny, lanceolate, subtended by shorter foliaceous bracts. + +Red Sea Prov. (21°-22° N.L.). + + +_D. Acaulescent herb. Capitula solitary on scapes, heterogamous; ray +florets ligulate, female; disk florets bilabiate, hermaphrodite._ + + +574 =Gerbera abyssinica= _Schultz Bip._ + +Cottony herb; leaves oval, sinuous denticulate, 1-4 in. long. Petiole up +to 1 in. long. Scapes 1-3, up to 15 in. long, shaggy. Capit. ab. 1 in. +long, ligules longer than invol. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +_E. Herbs, usually with milky sap. Capitula homogamous; florets all +ligulate, hermaphrodite, or a few barren; ligule 5-toothed. Leaves +alternate or radical._ + + +575 =Scolymus maculatus= _Linn._ + +Coarse spinescent herb, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves alt., oblong, sinuous- +pinnatifid, decurrent, 2-3 in. long; radical leaves spathulate, spinose +dentate. Capit. yellow, sessile, terminal or lateral; invol. bracts +linear-lanceolate, pointed; outer ligules black-pilose. + +Kordofan Prov. + + +576 =Crepis Ruepellii= _Schultz Bip._ + +Small herb, up to 8 in. high. Leaves rosulate, oblanceolate, +denticulate, ¾-4 in. long. Capit. yellow, in lax open cymes; inner +invol. 8, lanceolate, glandular hairy. + +Darfur Prov. (J. Marra 6,500-9,000 ft.). + + +577 =Lactuca taraxacifolia= _Schum._ & _Thonn._ KINTARA (Khartoum)—Arab. + +Glaucescent herb, 2-6 ft. high. Leaves saw-toothed, 6 in. long by 4 in. +broad; stem-leaves amplexicaul, decurrent. Capit. yellow, 20 fl., in +panicled racemose cymes; inner invol. bracts 5. + +Red Sea Prov.; Khartoum & Fung Provinces. + + +=L. goræensis= _Schultz Bip._ + +Erect glaucescent herb, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves pinnatifid, often saw- +toothed, up to 8 by 4 in., amplexicaul, lowest decurrent. Capit. yellow +in panicled racemose cymes; inner invol. bracts 8. + +Kordofan Prov. + + +=L. Schweinfurthii= _O._ & _H._ + +Herb, 5 ft. high. Leaves lanceolate or lanceolate-oblong, denticulate, +up to 8 in. long, semi-amplexicaul. Capit. 5-flowered, in an elongated +cyme; inner invol. bracts 5. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land). + + +=L. capensis= _Thunb._ + +Glabrous herb, ½-2 ft. Leaves linear or oblong, the lower toothed- +pinnatifid or entire, 3-5 in. long, the upper entire, amplexicaul- +sagittate. Capit. white, yellow or blue, 11 fl., in panicled cymes. + +Mongalla Prov. (Gondokoro); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +=L. abyssinica= _Fresen._ + +Robust glabrous herb, 3 ft. or more high. Lower leaves pinnatifid or +sinuate-dentate, upper l. linear-lanceolate, amplexicaul-auricled, up to +6 in. long. Capit. violet, fl. 10-13, in elongated cymes. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 6,500-9,000 ft.); Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land & Niamniam-land). + + +=L. virosa= _Linn._ + +Herb, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves obovate-oblong, toothed, sagittate- +amplexicaul, 1-4 in. long. Capit. yellow, fl. ab. 11, in a spreading +cyme. + +Kordofan Prov. + + +=L. sativa= _Linn._ Lettuce. + +Generally cultivated. + + +578 =Heterachæna massaviensis= _Fresen._ + +Branched annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves toothed or pinnatifid, auricled- +amplexicaul, 1½-4½ in. long. Capit. blue, fl. 9-10, in panicled +corymbose cymes. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat). + + +579 =Picridium tingitanum= _Desf._ MALOT, MALAITA (Gezira)—Arab; AMAGAK +(Renk)—Dinka. + +Erect annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves lanceolate to obovate, undivided or +pinnatifid, denticulate, sessile, cordate, 1½-6 in. long. Capit. yellow, +on long peduncles dilated at the top; invol. bracts broadly ovate. + +Nubia; Blue Nile Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Renk); Darfur Prov. +(Kulme & J. Marra). + + +580 =Sonchus oleraceus= _Linn._ + +Coarse annual, 1½-3 ft. high. Leaves oval or oblong, undivided, toothed +or pinnatifid, 1-6 in. long, denticulate, upper ones sessile- +amplexicaul. Capit. yellow, many-flowered, in corymbose cymes. + +Nubia; Blue Nile Prov. + +The roots and leaves are used, in infusion, as a tonic and febrifuge. + + +=S. Bipontini= _Aschers._ + +Glabrous perennial; 2-4 ft. high. Leaves linear, denticulate, up to 6 +in. long, auricled, sessile. Capit. yellow, fl. ab. 20, in corymbose +cymes; inner invol. bracts ab. 8, linear, ultimately reflexed. + +Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov. (Singa); White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Jur-land); Bahr El Jebel (Sudd). + +Is eaten as spinach. + + +=S. cf. S. Bipontini= _Aschers._ =var. pinnatifida= _O._ & _H._ + +Darfur Prov. + + +=S. cornutus= _Hochst._ + +Erect herb, ½-2 ft. high. Leaves crowded near the base, obovate, +spathulate or pinnately-toothed, sessile, 1-8 in. long. + +Capit. yellow, fl. 20-27, in lax cymes; inner invol. bracts 8-10, +obtuse. + +North Sudan (between Suakin & Berber); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung +Prov. (Fazoghli); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol, Wad Shellai). + + +=S. prenanthoides= _O._ & _H._ + +Glaucous perennial, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves more crowded at the base, +subentire, pinnatifid-dentate, lower ones amplexicaul, upper ones +sessile, auricled. Capit. yellow, 20-25 flowered, cymose; inner invol. +5, scarious. + +Kordofan Prov. + + + =LOBELIACEÆ.= + + +581 =Lobelia inconspicua= _Rich._ + +Dwarf annual, ½-1½ in. high. Leaves alt., small, oval to round. Fl. +solitary, axillary, longer than leaves. Cor. 2-lipped, upper 2-lobed, +lower 3-fid; st. 5, filaments united at top, 2 lower anthers bearded. +Fruit a capsule. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit). + + +=L. sp.= + +Herb, leafy towards the base. Leaves lanceolate, acute, 2 in. long, ¾ +in. broad, serrate and densely ciliate. Flowers few, cymose. Calyx lobes +⅙ in. long. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.). + + +=L. sp. near L. senegalensis= _A. DC._ + +Much branched slender herb. Leaves narrowly lanceolate serrate, about 1 +in. long, glabrous. Flowers on long slender pedicels, 1¼ in. in fruit. +Calyx-lobes about 1/12 in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +=L. trierarchi= _R. Good._ sp. nov. + +Herb. Leaves linear, denticulate, 1-1½ in. long, glabrous. Flowers few, +lax, pale blue, ⅓ in. long. Calyx-lobes 1/12 in. + +Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 5,000-9,000 ft.). + + + =CAMPANULACEÆ.= + + +582 =Lightfootia sp.= + +Erect, slender but rigid herb. Leaves lanceolate, with wavy denticulate +margins, ⅔ in. long. Flowers shortly pedicellate. Fruit obconic, 1/10 +in. long. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +=L. abyssinica= _Hochst._ + +Shrubby perennial, ab. 2 ft. high. Leaves alt., lanceolate, 1½-3 in. +long. Fl. small, in narrow, cymose, branched panicles, 1 ft. or more +long. Cor. deeply 5-lobed, ¼ in. long. Stamens 5, free, filaments +dilated at base. Capsule subglobose, 5-ribbed. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +583 =Wahlenbergia etbaica= _Vatke._ + +Annual, 10 in. high, hispid below. Leaves alternate, ovate-lanceolate, 2 +in. long. Fl. small, white, terminal or lateral, distant. Cor. lobes 5, +short and broad; stamens 5, free; capsules 5-valved. + +Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Soturba). + + +584 =Sphenoclea zeylanica= _Gærtn._ + +Glabrous annual, 1-4 ft. high; stem fleshy. Leaves alt., linear- +lanceolate, 1-6 in. long. Fl. small, greenish-yellow, in dense bracteate +spikes, 1-3 in. long; cor. campanulate, 3-lobed; anthers free; capsule +depressed globose. + +White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Upper White Nile Prov. (Kio); Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Shambé, Niamniam-land: Atasilla River). + + +585 =Campanula dimorphantha= _Schwfth._ + +Pubescent annual, 6-9 in. high. Leaves alt., crenulate-dentate, ovate to +linear-lanceolate, 1 in. long. Fl. dimorphic, fertile ones minute, +apetalous, cymose, sterile ones solitary, ½ in. long; cor. blue; stigma +3-5-fid. Capsule crowned by persistent calyx lobes. + +Nubia (Farek); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra). + + +=C. rigidipila= _Steud._ & _Hochst._ + +Perennial herb, 6-12 in. long, with long rigid hairs. Leaves crowded, +elliptic-lanceolate to obovate, ¼-1 in. long. Fl. blue, solitary and +terminal, 5-merous, ab. ½ in. diam.; stigma 3-5-fid; capsule as above. + +Darfur Prov. (J. Marra 6,500-9,000 ft.). + + + =GENTIANACEÆ.= + + +586 =Belmontia sp.= + +Tiny herb, 3 in. high. Leaves very small, opposite. Flowers on long +stalks, white. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +587 =Faroa pusilla= _Baker._ + +Dwarf herb, ab. 1½ in. high. Leaves elliptic to lanceolate, ¾-1 in. +long, lower in a rosette, cauline opposite. Fl. minute, white, 4-merous, +in dense terminal or axillary clusters. Capsule small, subglobose. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir). + + +588 =Enicostema littorale= _Blume._ + +Herb, 4-8 in. high. Leaves opp., linear or lanceolate, ¾-3 in. long, +sessile. Fl. in axillary clusters along the stem, minute, 5-merous. + +Nuba Mts. Prov. (towards Takale). + +Possesses much bitterness and is used as a stomachic. It is also tonic +and laxative. + + +589 =Canscora decussata= _Roem._ & _Schultes._ + +Erect herb with 4-winged stem. Leaves opp., lanceolate, ½ in. long. +Cymes lax, terminal; cor. white or pale pink, small, lobes 4; stamens 4, +1 perfect. Capsule ¼-in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land). + +The plant is a laxative and alterative, much praised as a nervine tonic. + + +=C. diffusa= _R. Br._ + +Erect herb with 4-angled stems, ½-2 ft. high, less robust than above. +Leaves opp.; upper ovate, acute, short, lower narrowed to base, ⅓-1½ in. +long. Fl. numerous, in a lax, cymose panicle; cor. pink, small; st. +unequal. Capsule small. + +Nubia; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: Kuddu). + + +590 =Neurotheca loeselioides= _Oliv._ + +Small annual with 4-angled stem. Leaves opp., lower lanceolate or ovate- +lanceolate, ⅓-¾ in. long, upper linear to lanceolate, shorter. Fl. +solitary, rarely 2, in each axil; calyx 8-ribbed, ⅙ in.; cor. pale blue, +ab. ¼ in. long; lobes 4, short; st. 4, unequal. Capsules small. + +Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + + +591 =Limnanthemum niloticum= _Kotschy_ & _Peyr._ + +Aquatic herb; stems erect or runner-like with alt. or sub-opp. leaves or +resembling petioles (false petioles). Leaves orbicular with a deep sinus +at base, 1-4 in. diam.; false petiole bearing a cluster of 4-8 fl. a +little below the leafblade; cor. yellow; tube with 5 tufts of hair at +the middle, lobes long ciliate. Fr. subglobose, 7-10 seeded. + +White Nile Prov. (near Abba Island); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land, +Jur-land, etc.). + + +592 =Swertia cf. S. abyssinica= _Hochst._ + +Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 9,000 ft.). + + + =PRIMULACEÆ.= + + +593 =Anagallis arvensis= _Linn._ SABUNGHEYT, AIN EL JENEL & LUBBUN—Arab. +The Common Pimpernel. + +Diffuse glabrous herb. Leaves opposite, sessile, ovate or elliptic- +lanceolate. Fl. solitary, axillary, red, rose or blue, 5-merous; capsule +globose, splitting transversely round the middle. + +Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Khors Gwob & Tamanib, Erkowit & Has Has); Fung +Prov. + +The plant is used in cerebral affections, leprosy, hydrophobia, dropsy, +etc. Said to be poisonous to dogs. + + +594 =Samolus Valerandi= _Linn._ + +Glabrous herb, up to 3 ft. high, with radical and cauline obovate +leaves. Fl. in terminal and axillary panicles, small, white, 5-merous; +stamens nearly sessile in cor. tube; capsule 5-valved. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit). + + + =PLUMBAGINACEÆ.= + + +595 =Statice axillaris= _Forsk._ Sea Lavender. + +Low, seaside undershrub. Leaves alt., oblanceolate to spathulate, +fleshy, 1-2 in. long; flowering-stem ½-1 ft. high. Fl. purple and pink, +in unilateral bracteate panicled spikes. + +Red Sea Prov. (Littoral). + + +596 =Plumbago zeylanica= _Linn._ TERMIS—Hadendowa. + +Scandent undershrub. Leaves alt., ovate-lanceolate, 1½ to 4 in. long. +Fl. in terminal spikes; calyx tubular 5-toothed, covered with stalked +viscous glands; cor. white, salver-shaped; tube exserted; capsule +membranous, enclosed by persistent calyx. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. +(valleys near Turra); Nuba Mts. Prov. (El Mareikib); Darfur Prov. (J. +Burkin: Suruj District & 35 m. N.E. of El Fasher); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Bongo-land: Dukuttu & Niamniam-land). + +It is cultivated in gardens as an ornamental plant. The root is said to +have vesicant and tonic properties. In the Congo the macerated leaves +and lime juice are used for blisters. + + + =PLANTAGINACEÆ.= + + +597 =Plantago lanceolata= _Linn._ + +Herb. Leaves lanceolate in a radical rosette. Peduncles long, slender; +heads globose or oblong; bracts ovate, as long as calyx; sepals 4, 2 +outer hairy; cor. lobes 4, ovate, spreading; st. 4, twice as long as +cor.; anthers versatile. Caps. 2-seeded. + +Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° N.L.). + + +=P. stricta= _Schousb._ + +Herb, 6-12 in. high. Leaves opp. or whorled, narrowly linear. Heads many +to a stem, globose, on ascending peduncles; bracts ovate, longer than +calyx; sepals 4, oblong, ⅛ in. long; cor. lobes small, ovate; st. 4, +short; caps. 2-seeded. + +Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° N.L.); Between Atbara & Red Sea. + + +=P. ciliata= _Desf._ + +Herb, about 1½ in. high, with radical obovate-oblanceolate acute leaves +softly woolly all over. Peduncles half as long as the leaves, about ¾ +in.; heads oblong or ellipsoid, ⅓-½ in. long; bracts ovate. + +Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° N.L.). + + + =HYDROPHYLLACEÆ.= + + +598 =Hydrolea floribunda= _Kotschy_ & _Peyr._ + +Branched riverside herb. Leaves alt., linear, ½-2½ in. long. Fl. in +dense cymose, 6-8 in. long panicles, 5-merous; cor. blue; lobes ¼ in. +long; filaments dilated at base into 2 upcurved auricles. Capsule +ellipsoid, 1/7 in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land, Dar Fertit, Banks of the Jur River). + + +=H. graminifolia= _A. W. Bennett._ + +Marsh herb, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves alt., linear, 2-3 in. long. Flowers +corymbose, cymose panicles 3-8 in. long; cor. blue, lobes ¼ in. long; +stamen filaments dilated to a deltoid-ovate base. Capsule globose or +ellipsoid, ⅙ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (near Badari’s). + + +=H. macrosepala= _A. W. Bennett._ + +Marsh herb, 8-24 in. high. Leaves alt., lanceolate to linear, 1-2 in. +long. Panicles lax, few-flowered, 3-12 in. long; sepals cordate-ovate, ¼ +in. long, enlarged in fruit; cor. blue, shorter than calyx. Capsule ⅙ +in., subglobose. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + + =BORAGINACEÆ.= + + +599 =Cordia abyssinica= _R. Br._ AZANAYA (Baggara), TUMBAREIB (N. +Kordn.), INDERAB, or INDERAB ENTAYA (Fung), GAMBIL & GIMBIL +(Gallabat)—Arab; KWAKELANG (Dilling), ZAN (Rashad-Talodi) & KUII (J. +Eliri)—Nuba; BANJAM—Hameg. + +Medium-sized to large tree. Leaves alt., ovate or suborbicular, up to 7 +in. long. Cymes scorpioid (as in all this family) forming a terminal +panicle; calyx tubular, 10-furrowed; cor. white, funnel-shaped, ¾ in. +long; style twice forked; fruit ovoid, ½ in. diam., smooth. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: near Gendua River); Blue Nile Prov. (near Abu +Shendy); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Kordofan Prov. (Bara); Darfur Prov. (J. +Marra: Niurnya 6,500 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé & Deim Zobeir). + +Heartwood yellowish brown, polishes well, known in Khartoum as Sudan +Teak and used for cabinet work. Fruit edible. + + +=C. Holstii= _Gürke._ + +Tree, 20 ft. high. Leaves alt., suborbicular, subcordate, 3-5 in. long, +densely yellow-tomentose beneath. Cymes 3-5 flowered, in lax terminal +panicles; cor. white, ¾ in. long; calyx 4-5 toothed, shallowly +10-furrowed; stamens 4-5; style twice-forked. + +Fung Prov. (Roseires). + + +=C. ovalis= _R. Br._ + +Shrub or small tree; outer bark crustaceous, peels off exposing young +green-coloured bark. Leaves ovate to suborbicular, 2-3 in. long, reddish +pubescent beneath. Panicles terminal, dense, shorter than leaves; calyx +irregularly toothed, not furrowed, ¼ in.; cor. 4-5 lobed, nearly ½ in. +long; style bipartite nearly to base. + +Darfur Prov. (J. Serg); Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Bahr El Jebel (Gigging). + + +=C. crenata= _Del._ INDERAB—Arab; BIZU—Hameg. + +Low tree. Leaves alt., obovate-cuneate, 2-3 in. long, crenate or upper +half entire. Cymes few-flowered; calyx tubular-campanulate, not sulcate, +silky inside; cor. ½ in. long; style bipartite. Fr. ovoid, ½ in. long on +enlarged, woody, crenate calyx. + +Blue Nile Prov. (near Sheikh Talha); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Fertangul). + + +=C. Rothii= _Roem._ & _Schultes._ MUNDERAB (N. Kordn.), INDERAB & +INDERAB GIMBIL (Baggara) & GIMBIL (White Nile)—Arab; KUGULI +(Dilling)—Nuba; CHAWDAW & SHADASHU—Bari; KAIT (L. Powendael), AKOIT +(Bor), KIAT or SHAT or SHAT-AKOG (Kenissa), AKOG (Renk) & AKOSH +(Kaka)—Dinka; BIZU—Hameg; NIOT or NYUAT—Nuer; GOI—Shilluk. + +Small tree. Leaves subopp., oblanceolate or oblong, up to 3 in. long. +Cymes terminal; cor. white, ¼ in. long; style arms club-shaped. Fruit +ovoid, orange, on saucer-shaped enlarged calyx. + +Throughout the greater part of the Sudan. + +Heartwood brown, slightly scented like Sandal wood and used as a +substitute for it. The small orange berry has a sweet pulp and is eaten. +The bast yields a strong fibre. A gum exudes from wounds. + + +600 =Ehretia Braunii= _Vatke._ + +Shrub or small tree with grey striate bark. Leaves alt., oval or +obovate-oblong, emarginate, 1 in. long. Fl. in scorpioid cymose +panicles; cor. white, tipped purple, ¼ in. long, lobes and stamens 4-7; +style bifid. Fr. a globose drupe. + +Mongalla Prov. + + +=E. Stuhlmannii= _Gürke._ OWI—Bari. + +Small tree. Leaves alt., up to 4 in. long and 2¼ in. broad, oval, acute +or subacuminate, rough above, velvety pubescent beneath. Cymes long- +peduncled in axils of upper leaves; fl. 5-merous; cor. tube minute, +lobes reflexed, white; stamens long-exserted; style 2-lobed to the +middle. Drupe small, globose. + +Mongalla Prov. (Sheikh Tombé to Gigging). + + +601 =Coldenia procumbens= _Linn._ YAKADI—Bari. + +Procumbent hairy herb. Leaves alt., oblong, crenate, plicate, 1 in. +long, upper smaller. Fl. solitary, axillary, or upper ones in secund +spikes, 4-merous; cor. ¼ in. long, 4-lobed. Fr. mitre-like, depressed- +globose, ⅙ in. diam., glandular-hairy. + +Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. +(Jebelein); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Rashad); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur +Ghattas); Mongalla Prov.; Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + +Equal parts of the dry plant and fœnu-greek seeds, rubbed to a fine +powder and applied warm to boils, quickly causes them to suppurate. The +fresh leaves, ground up, are applied to rheumatic swelling. + + +602 =Heliotropium supinum= _Linn._ GHUBEYRA—Arab. + +Hairy decumbent herb. Leaves opp. or alt., oval or oblong, crenate, up +to 1½ in. long. Fl. in simple or forked scorpioid spikes, 5-merous, +small. Fruit of 1-2 nutlets, brown, enclosed in persistent, hairy calyx. + +Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile +Prov. (Salati); Kordofan Prov. (Hogel). + + +=H. undulatum= _Vahl._ GHAREIR (N. Kordn.)—Arab. + +Bristly herb. Leaves alt., oblong to lanceolate, 2½ in. long, undulate. +Spikes many, short, dense scorpioid; fl. minute, 5-merous. Fr. globose, +sub-2-winged, nutlets 4. + +Red Sea, Khartoum, Blue Nile, White Nile & Kordofan Provinces. + + +=H. rariflorum= _Stocks._ + +Woody perennial, white tomentose. Leaves alt., linear, small, sessile, +bristly-hairy. Spikes 3-5 flowered; fl. minute; nutlets 4, hispid. + +Red Sea & Mongalla Provinces. + +Administered externally and internally for snake-bite. + + +=H. strigosum= _Willd._ + +Perennial with appressed white bristly hairs. Leaves alt., linear or +linear-lanceolate, up to 1¼ in. long. Scorpioid spikes lax, 3 in. long; +fl. minute; nutlets 4. + +Red Sea Prov. (from 21° N.L. southwards); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, +Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol & +Jebelein); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur & Niamniam lands); +Mongalla Prov. + +Used as a laxative or diuretic. The juice is used for snake-bite; as an +application in ophthalmia and also for promoting suppuration of gum- +boils and to hasten healing of wounds and ulcers. + + +=H. Steudneri= _Vatke._ + +Woody perennial with dense appressed white hairs. Leaves alt., ovate- +lanceolate, 1¼ in. long. Scorpioid spikes short, dense; fl. 5-merous, +minute; nutlets 4. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit). + + +=H. longiflorum= _Hochst._ & _Steud._ + +Woody perennial with appressed white hairs. Leaves alt., lanceolate or +oblong-lanceolate, up to 2-3 in. long. Spikes lax, sometimes up to 6 or +9 in. long; cor. ab. ⅙ in. long, densely pubescent outside; nutlets 4. + +Red Sea Prov. (Khor Tamanib, Erkowit & Wadi Omareg). + + +=H. zeylanicum= _Lam._ UM MANAKHIR (N. Kordn.), DAFARA (Egypt)—Arab. + +Woody perennial. Leaves alt., linear or lin.-lanceolate, 1-3 in. long, +with bulbous-based hairs. Spikes lax, finally 6-9 in. long; cor. ¼ in. +long, lobes 5, caudate-acuminate; nutlets 4. + +Red Sea, Khartoum, Blue Nile, & Kordofan Provinces. + + +=H. indicum= _Linn._ + +Erect pilose annual. 1-3 ft. high. Leaves opp. and alt., ovate, sinuate, +up to 4 in. long; petiole 2 in. long, narrowly-winged, spikes usually +simple, ab. 5 in. long; cor. 5-lobed, lilac or white. Fr. deeply +2-lobed, each lobe with a short bidentate beak and made up of 2 nutlets. + +Fung Prov. + + +=H. pallens= _Del._ + +Erect annual, 2 ft. high, branching, grey-woolly. Leaves ovate, up to 2 +in. long. Spikes simple or forked in a terminal, sometimes leafy +panicle; cor. white, ¼ in. long; nutlets 4. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Dongola Prov. (Omda); Berber Prov. (El Damer); +Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. +(Sobat mouth); Darfur Prov. + + +=H. ovalifolium= _Forsk._ RHIMTA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; AGANAMA (Meshra +El Zeraf)—Dinka. + +Widely-branched, silky, pubescent herb. Leaves alt., obovate or +elliptic, ⅓-1 in. long. Spikes numerous, dense, finally 2-3 in. long; +calyx minute, 1 lobe broader; cor. small; nutlets 4, hispid. + +Halfa Prov.; Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Berber Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; +Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile & Upper White Nile Provinces (Geteina to +Sobat mouth); Kordofan & Darfur Provinces. + + +=H. europæum= _Linn._ KEREIRA (Blue Nile) & DUKHAN EL AZABAT—Arab. + +Erect herb, with short whitish hairs. Leaves alt., oblong-rhomboidal. +Spikes dense, finally lax and 2 in. long; fl. minute, very hairy; +nutlets 4, rugose. + +Blue Nile Prov. (Gezira). + +Eaten by goats. + + +=H. pterocarpum= _Hochst._ & _Steud._ + +Slender short herb, densely hispid. Leaves alt., oblong, small, crisped +on the margin. Scorpioid spikes short, dense; fl. 5-merous; calyx lobes +free nearly to base, ¼ in. long; cor. small; nuts glabrous, cohering in +pairs, winged. + +Red Sea Prov. (near Erkowit). + + +=H. arbainense= _Fresen._ + +Short, much branched perennial with soft whitish hairs. Leaves alt., +ovate or oblong, small. Spikes dense, finally 2-3 in. long; calyx +glandular-hairy; cor. tube exserted. Nutlets 4, rugose, glabrous. + +Coast of Nubia. + + +603 =Trichodesma physaloides= _A. DC._ + +Tuberous-rooted herb, 1-2 ft. high, hirsute or glabrous. Leaves usually +opp., sessile, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, 1½-4 in. long, with white +tubercles, especially on upper surface. Panicle cymose, terminal, lax; +calyx at first ½ in. long, subglobose, 1 in. long in fruit; cor. up to +1½ in. diam., white or blue, or white with blue spots in the throat, or +blue with yellow spots; anthers densely pilose on back. Nuts 4. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Deim Zubeir & Mattu-land). + + +=T. africanum= _R. Br._ HARRĪSH (N. Kordn.)—Arab. + +Herb, up to 3 ft. high. Leaves opp. or alt., ovate or ovate-oblong, up +to 5 in. long, with scattered white bulbous-based hairs on both +surfaces. Panicle many-flowered, terminal; fl. 5-merous; cor. blue, with +5 purple spots in the throat, under ½ in. long; anthers with apical +twisted horns; nutlets 4, scabrid, spiny. + +Red Sea Prov. (Khor Ashat); Khartoum Prov. (J. Royan); Kordofan Prov. +(North). + +The leaves are used as diuretic. + + +=T. Bentii= _Baker_ & _C. H. Wright._ + +Densely hispid herb, 1 ft. high. Leaves opp., ovate, 2½ in. long, +bulbous-based hairs added above to the others. Cymes panicled, terminal; +fl. 5-merous; cor. ⅓ in. diam., lobes triangular-acuminate; anthers +pilose on back, spirally awned. + +Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° N.L., sea-coast to between 3,000 to 4,000 +ft.). + + +=T. zeylanicum= _R. Br._ + +Erect herb, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves opp., or upper alt., oblong-lanceolate, +1-3 in. long, pubescent and with bulbous-based hairs. Cymes lax, +terminal; cor. blue with a white eye, ½ in. diam.; anthers awned; +nutlets 4, ovoid, compressed. + +Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov. (Fazoghli & Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Gondokoro); Darfur (Jebel Marra: +Wadi Gindi 7,300 ft.). + +Emollient poultices are made from the leaves. + + +604 =Cynoglossum Hochstetteri= _Vatke._ + +Small hispid herb. Leaves alt., oblong, upper sessile. Racemes lax, few- +flowered; fl. 5-merous; corolla blue, small, throat with scales inside; +nutlets 4 with hooked spines on margins and up the centre. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L., from coast-land to 3,000-4,000 ft.; Suakin, +Erkowit, Has Has). + + +=C. lanceolatum= _Forsk._ + +Pilose herb, 4-6 ft. high. Leaves alt., oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, +4-6 in. long, scabrid. Cymes lax, finally 5-6 in. long; fl. 5-merous, +minute; cor. white, sometimes blue tinted; tube enclosed by 5 scales; +nuts 4, covered with hooked spines. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River). + + +605 =Echinochilon fruticosum= _Desf._ + +Densely white hispid dwarf herb. Leaves alt., lanceolate, ¼-½ in. long. +Fl. sessile in axils of upper leaves, cor. blue, 2-lipped; nuts 4. + +Nubia (coast-land). + + +606 =Arnebia hispidissima= _DC._ GHAREIR (N. Kordn.)—Arab. + +Tufted herb, covered with stiff, white hairs. Stem-leaves lanceolate, +sessile, ½-1 in. long, lower oblanceolate. Spikes dense, finally +elongated; fl. 5-merous; cor. yellow, ab. ½ in. long; nuts 4. + +Red Sea Prov. (sea-coast to 3,000-4,000 ft. to Erkowit); Fung Prov.; +Kordofan Prov. (several places); Darfur Prov. + + +607 =Echium Rauwolfii= _Del._ + +Hirsute herb, ab. 1 ft. high. Stem-leaves alt., linear-oblong, small, +sessile, covered with white, bulbous-based bristles; radical leaves +oblanceolate, 4-6 in. long. Spikes up to 6 in. long; fl. 5-merous; cor. +blue, funnel-shaped, ¾ in. long; nuts 4, shining. + +Dongola Prov.; Berber Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov. (Wad Medani +& Sennar); White Nile Prov. (Geteina). + + +=E. longifolium= _Del._ KAHALI—Arab. + +Densely hirsute herb. Stem-leaves linear-oblong, sessile, small; radical +leaves oblanceolate. Spikes many, lax; cor. blue, ab. ¾ in. long; nuts ⅙ +in. diam., ovoid, rugose. + +Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Soturba Mts. 22° N.L.); Dongola Prov. (Wadi +Mahas). + + +=E. arenarium= _Guss._ + +Herb with short, upward-pointing bristles. Leaves alt., oblanceolate. +Spikes lax; bracts large, ovate-lanceolate; fl. 5-merous; cor. blue, up +to ½ in. long; nuts 4, tubercled. Blue Nile Prov. (Wad Medani & Sennar); +Fung Prov. (Roseires). + + + =SOLANACEÆ.= + + +608 =Solanum æthiopicum= _Linn._ GUTA, QUTA, BEGINGAN EL GUTA—Arab. + +Tall unarmed herb. Leaves alt. or 2 at a node, oblong, sinuate. Cymes +umbellate, few-flowered; cor. white, 5-7-fid; st. 5-7, anthers conniving +into a cone (as all in this genus), dehiscing by terminal pores. Berry +globose, pale red. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + +The fruit is used for flatulence, the roots also as a remedy for colic. + + +=S. nodiflorum= _Jacq._ HARSH (Kaka)—Arab. + +Herb. Leaves ovate-acuminate, 4 in. long. Cymes umbellate at or above +the nodes, few-flowered; cor. rotate, white, ⅓ in. diam.; anther-pores +large, oblique. Fr. globose, ½ in. diam., black. + +Fung Prov. (Roseires & Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov.; Upper White +Nile Prov. (Kaka wood station); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land); +Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land). + +The deep purple juice of the berries can be used as an ink. + + +=S. nigrum= _Linn._ ENAB EL DIB—Arab. + +Pubescent herb, up to 2 ft. high. Leaves obovate to lanceolate, sinuate- +dentate, up to 4 in. long. Cymes extra-axillary, umbellate; cor. rotate, +white, ¼ in. diam.; anther pores terminal, oblique. Berry globose, ¼ in. +diam., black, rarely red or yellow. + +Red Sea Prov. (Khor Tamanib, Soturba mountains, seacoast); Khartoum, +Blue Nile, Kordofan & Darfur Provinces. + +Berries black, used as a purgative. The whole plant is used as an +article of diet for dropsical patients and those suffering from chronic +inflammation of the liver. + + +=S. schimperianum= _Hochst._ + +Shrub, 5 ft. high; young parts stellate-hairy. Leaves ovate, 1 in. long. +Cymes few-flowered; fl. 4-merous; cor. ½ in. diam. Berry globose, nearly +½ in. diam. + +Between Suakin & Berber (Wadi Haraza). + + +=S. albicaule= _Kotschy._ + +Shrub with recurved spines on the stem; all parts with white stellate +tomentum. Leaves ovate, acuminate, sometimes slightly lobed, 1½ in. +long. Cymes extra-axillary; fl. 5-merous; cor. rotate; lobes nearly ½ +in. long. Berry globose, ¼ in. diam. + +Red Sea Prov.; Kordofan. + + +=S. hastifolium= _Hochst._ + +Undershrub with prickly stem. Leaves hastate and more or less pinnately +lobed, 1½ in. long, stellate-hairy. Fl. lateral and terminal, solitary +or racemose, 5-merous, stellately hairy; cor. lobes under ½ in. long. +Berry globose, ⅓ in. diam. + +Blue Nile Prov. (Abu Haraz); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov.; +White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla to Bor). + + +=S. anomalum= _Thonn._ + +Stellately tomentose shrub, prickly on stems, branches, petioles and +along the midrib of leaves. Leaves solitary or geminate, ovate-oblong, +pinnatifid. Cymes axillary, racemose; fl. 4-merous; cor. white, rotate. +Berry globose, red, nearly ½ in. diam. + +Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Assika River). + + +=S. aculeatissimum= _Jacq._ + +Armed undershrub, 1-2 ft. high; spines straight on stems, branches, +upper side of principal nerves and calyx lobes, interspersed in the +younger parts with stiff bristles as also on leaves. Leaves solitary or +geminate, broadly ovate or ovate-cordate, pinnately 5-7 lobed, 4 in. +long; petiole 1 in. long. Cymes extra-axillary, few-flowered; fl. +5-merous; cor. rotate, 1 in. diam., white. Fr. globose, 1 in. diam., +smooth, orange. + +Mongalla Prov. (Kenissa). + + +=S. xanthocarpum var. Schraderi= _Dunal._ + +Bushy herb armed with straight spines on stems, branches, petiole and +midrib of leaves. Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, pinnately 5-9 +lobed, up to 5 in. long, stellate-hairy when young. Cymes extra- +axillary, 5-8 flowered; fl. 5-merous; cor. blue-purple, 1 in. diam. +Berry size of a cherry, yellow. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Blue Nile Prov. (Ganneib Assad); Fung Prov. +(Roseires & Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (Mulbes, Abu Haraza & Abu +Felagi); Darfur Prov. (Kulme); Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat); Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land, Nabambisso River); Mongalla Prov. + + +=S. dubium= _Fresen._ GUBEIN (N. Kordn.)—Arab. + +Bushy, mealy pubescent herb, armed on stem, leaves and calyx. Leaves +alt., upper ones geminate, unequally cordate, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, +wavy-sinuate. Cymes short, few-flowered; fl. 5-merous; cor. violet. +Berry globose, ¼ in. diam., yellow, enclosed in spiny calyx. + +Red Sea Prov. (Soturba); Berber Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; +Kordofan Prov. (several places); Darfur Prov. (J. Berkin). + +The plant is pounded and put into water in which hides are soaking to +assist the removal of the hair. + + +=S. incanum= _Linn._ GIBBEIN—Arab; MANIOP—Hadendowa; TELELEH—Bari; +DITAAK (or ATITĀK) (Kenissa)—Dinka. + +Tall, woody herb; all parts stellately woolly; branches, leaves and +calyx spiny. Leaves ovate or ovate-elliptic, 5 in. long, sinuate. Fl. +solitary or few together; cor. purple or white, ab. 1 in. long. Fr. +subglobose, 1½ in. diam., yellow. + +Red Sea Prov. (Soturba to Erkowit); Berber Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Fung +Prov. (near Mashikha & Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (Obeid); Darfur +Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Gameiza). + +The seeds are used for curdling milk. The fruit is said to be edible. + + +=S. hybridum= _Jacq._ + +Armed pubescent shrub. Leaves geminate, ovate, sinuate or entire, 3 in. +long. Cymes racemose, umbellate or reduced to a single flower; fl. +5-merous; calyx tube spiny; cor. pale-purple, 1 in. diam. Berry 1 in. +diam., orange-red. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma). + + +=S. cerasiferum= _Dunal._ + +Stellate-hairy herb with spines on stem, leaves and calyx. Leaves +oblong, 2½ in. long, pinnately lobed. Cymes racemose; 5-merous; cor. +violet, ¾ in. diam., densely stellate-hairy outside. Berry subglobose, +yellow. + +Fung Prov. + + +=S. Melongena= _Linn._ BEDINGAN—Arab; JUYO—Krej. Egg Plant or Aubergine. + +Cultivated for its large purple-black fruit, which is cooked as a +vegetable. + + +=S. duplosinuatum= _Klotzsch._ + +Undershrub, 3 ft. high; stem, leaves and calyx spiny and stellate-hairy. +Leaves bi- to tripinnatifid, 8 in. long, 5 in. broad. Cymes racemose, +few-flowered; fl. 5-merous; cor. mauve, 1½ in. diam. Fr. globose, 1½ in. +diam., white, streaked with green. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River). + + +=S. campylacanthum= _Hochst._ + +Shrub, 2-5 ft. high, with short recurved spines on stem and midribs of +leaves. Leaves alt., broadly lanceolate to oval, entire or shallowly +sinuate, up to 6 in. long, stellately hairy on both surfaces. Cymes +extra-axillary, few-flowered, 5-merous; cor. lilac, 1 in. diam. Berry +globose, 1 in. diam. + +Darfur Prov. + + +=S. pruinosum var. pilosulum= _Dunal._ + +Herb; branches white-waxy (pruinose). Leaves rhomboid, cuneate, 2-3 in. +long, hairy beneath. Racemes 6-7 flowered, hairy on peduncles and +flowers; fl. 5-merous: cor. white, under ½ in. diam. Berry size of a +pea. + +Fung Prov. + + +=S. sp.?= HAMASHANAK—Hadendowa. + +Unarmed shrub. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit). + + +609 =Physalis minima= _Linn._ + +Villous herb, 1 ft. high. Leaves ovate or subcordate, acuminate, entire +or sinuate-dentate, 1¼ in. long. Fl. solitary, 5-merous; calyx +campanulate, 5-angled, enlarging in fruit to ½ in. diam.; cor. yellow, ¼ +in. long. Berry globose, ¼ in. diam. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land); +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Mbrwole). + + +=P. angulata= _Linn._ =var.= + +Bushy herb with yellow flowers; calyx accrescent in fruit. + +Kordofan Prov. (El Obeid). + + +610 =Capsicum frutescens= _Linn._ SHATTA & FILFIL AHMAR—Arab; +RARIA—Zande. Red Pepper. + +Shrubby herb, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves ovate acuminate, variable in size. +Fl. solitary or in pairs, 5-merous; cor. white or pale yellow. Berry +spindle-shaped, red. + +Fung, Bahr El Ghazal & Kordofan Provinces (cultivated). + + +=C. annuum= _Linn._ FILFIL AHMAR—Arab. Cayenne Pepper. + +Much like above. Cor. lobes 5-6, greenish-white. Berry oblong-linear, +under 1½ in. long. + +Cultivated in various parts. + +Fruit, picked green or when ripe, is used to make sauces. It is also +dried and ground for use like Cayenne pepper. + + +611 =Lycopersicum esculentum= _Mill._ BANADURO or TOMATUM—Arab. + +Tomato Plant. + +Cultivated throughout the country. + + +612 =Withania somnifera= _Dun._ MORGAN, SIM EL FAR, SAKARAN, +FOQQESH—Arab; MEIKA-IS—Hadendowa. + +Large bushy or decumbent herb, growing in swampy ground, often on +termite mounds. Leaves ovate or variable, up to 2½ in. long, tomentose. +Fl. 4-6 in axillary fascicles, 5-merous; calyx campanulate, much +enlarged in fruit; cor. pale-green, under ¼ in. long. Berry globose, ¼ +in. diam. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit, Sinkat); Kassala Prov.; Dongola Prov. (Merowe); +Fung Prov. (Roseires); Kordofan Prov. (Bara); Darfur Prov.; Upper White +Nile Prov. (Kodok); Bahr El Ghazal & Mongalla Provinces. + +The seeds are used to coagulate milk. The root is said to have tonic and +diuretic properties. + + +613 =Lycium persicum= _Miers._ SAMŪNAT—Rashida; TISHANU—Hadendowa. + +Shrub; shortened branches often spiny. Leaves spathulate-obovate or +oblong, ¼-¾ in. long. Fl. solitary, tubular, 5-merous; cor. blue-purple, +¾ in. long. Berries globose, scarlet. + +Red Sea Prov. + +The scarlet berries are said to be eaten. + + +614 =Datura Stramonium= _Linn._ SAKARAN—Arab; TARME (Dilling)—Nuba. The +Thorn-apple. + +Bushy herb or undershrub. Leaves ovate, coarsely toothed or lobed, up to +9 in. long. Fl. solitary in forks of branches, 5-merous; cor. white, 3-4 +in. long, tubular-funnel-shaped. Caps. 2 in. long, echinate, ovoid. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Dongola Prov.; Berber Prov.; Khartoum +Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. (Dilling). + +The seeds are poisonous and a powerful narcotic. The active principles +are Hyoscyamine and a small quantity of Scopolamine. + + +=D. Metel= _Linn._ + +More pubescent; flowers larger than above. + +Khartoum, Kordofan & Darfur Provinces. + +Poisonous; similar to _D. Stramonium_. + + +615 =Hyoscyamus muticus= _Linn._ SAKARAN—Arab. + +Stout leafy herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves broadly lanceolate, 4-6 in. long, +entire or dentate; petiole 1½-2½ in. long, winged. Fl. axillary and in +unilateral scorpioid terminal spikes or racemes, 5-merous; calyx +accrescent; cor. greenish-white tipped with purple. Caps. subglobose. + +Dongola Province. + +A powerful narcotic drug, the toxic principles are Hyoscyamine and +Hyosine. + + +616 =Nicotiana Tabacum= _Linn._ DUKHĀN—Arab; TABBA—Bongo; TĀB & +TABBO—Dinka; TOL—Nuer; GUNDEH—Zande. Tobacco Plant. + +Annual, up to 6 ft. high, viscid all over. Leaves lanceolate to ovate, +lower up to 2 ft. long, amplexicaul. Panicle terminal; fl. 5-merous; +cor. pink, white or pale yellow; tube long. Caps. conical. + +Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Upper +White Nile Prov. (Sobat); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Darfur +Prov. + +Cultivated. The leaves are very imperfectly cured by the natives, and +are very rank and coarse. The plant grows freely and yields heavily. + + +=N. rustica= _Linn._ DUKHĀN—Arab; DĀ (J. Ghulfan)—Nuba; MASHIR—Bongo. + +Differs from above by smaller leaves and greenish-yellow flowers in +closer panicles. + +Fung Prov.; Nile Banks (17° N.L.); Kordofan Prov. (Bara); Darfur Prov.; +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Nuba Mts. Prov. + +The principal tobacco of the Nile Basin, cultivated for smoking and +chewing. The Nicotine content is low. + + +617 =Schwenkia americana= _Linn._ + +Much branched, pubescent herb. Leaves alt., lower ovate and petioled, +upper oblong and sessile, ¾ in. long. Panicle lax, terminal; calyx +5-toothed; cor. pale violet, 5-toothed, 2 upper longer, total length ⅓ +in.; stamens 4, didynamous. Caps. subglobose, ¼ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Kutshuk Ali, Jur Ghattas & Niamniam-land: +Nabambisso River). + +Used as a fish poison on the West Coast. + + +=S. hirta= _Klotzsch._ + +Hirsute herb, 2 ft. high. Leaves ovate or oblong, ⅔ in. long. Panicle +large, lax; cor. tubular, under ½ in. long, pale violet or yellow, lobes +equal; st. 2. Caps. ¼ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau). + + + =CONVOLVULACEÆ.= + + +618 =Ipomœa verticillata= _Forsk._ + +Herbaceous twiner. Leaves alt., as in all this order, cordate-ovate, 1-2 +in. long, pubescent. Fl. 1-2, on short pedicels, on axillary peduncles; +cor. whitish, subcampanulate, ¼ in. long; midpetaline area well defined +as in all the genus. Capsule globose, ⅓ in. diam., glabrous. + +Between Kassala & Goz Regeb; Berber Prov. (Zeidab); Khartoum Prov. +(Burri); Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol). + + +=I. eriocarpa= _R. Br._ + +Pubescent twiner. Leaves from cordate-ovate to linear-oblong, 1-5 in. +long. Fl. in sessile axillary clusters, 5-merous; sepals hairy, ¼ in. +long; cor. white, pink or purple, ab. ⅓ in. long. Capsule globose, +hairy, ¼ in. diam. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Berber Prov. (Metemma); Khartoum +Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir); Fung +Prov. (Jongol’s Post). + + +=I. sulphurea= _Hochst._ + +Trailing herb, pubescent. Leaves elliptic-ovate, obtuse, 1-2 in. long, +usually shallowly cordate. Fl. axillary, clustered; cor. sulphur-yellow, +¼ in. long. Capsule globose, hairy, ¼ in. diam. + +Kordofan Prov. (Obeid & Abu Helafi). + + +=I. curtipes= _Rendle._ + +Finely pubescent twining herb. Leaves linear-oblong, cordate-ovate +below, 1-2 in. long. Fl. axillary, solitary on ¼ in. pedicel; cor. +purplish, hairy, funnel-shaped, ½ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=I. blepharophylla= _Hallier f._ + +Trailing herb with short yellowish spreading hairs. Leaves linear to +lin.-oblong, 1½-3 in. long, margins densely ciliolate. Fl. solitary, +axillary; cor. reddish, funnel-shaped, 2 in. long. Caps. glabrous. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Niamniam-land); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s +Post). + + +=I. coscinosperma= _Hochst._ + +Trailing, slightly hairy annual. Leaves lin.-lanceolate or +obl.-lanceolate, 1½-2½ in. long. Fl. 1-2, axillary; cor. red, ⅓ in. +long. Capsule glabrous, globose, ¼ in. diam. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); +Kordofan Prov. (near Abu Gerad). + + +=I. kotschyana= _Hochst._ + +Pubescent twiner. Leaves orbicular, 1-2 pinnatifid, 1-1½ in. diam. Fl. +solitary axillary; cor. funnel-shaped, ab. ⅓ in. long. Caps. globose, +glabrous, ¼ in. diam., 3-celled. + +Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Barkin, in Suruj Dist.). + + +=I. cardiosepala= _Hochst._ HANTUD or KHANTUT—Arab; TABĀR—Hadendowa. + +Creeping and twining, pilose herb. Leaves cordate, ovate, 1-2 in. long. +Peduncles axillary, 1-3 flowered; fl. 5-merous; 3 outer sepals ovate- +cordate, 2 inner lanceolate, ¼ in. long; cor. purplish, funnel-shaped, ½ +in. long. Caps. globose, glabrous, ¼ in. diam., 2-celled; seeds densely +tomentose. + +Red Sea Prov.; Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov. (Jongol’s +Post); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. + + +=I. mombassana= _Vatke._ + +Laxly pilose trailing and climbing herb. Leaves ovate, cordate- +sagittate, 1-3 in. long. Fl. axillary, solitary or in few-flowered +cymes; cor. white with purple throat, funnel-shaped, 1-2 in. long; +sepals linear-hastate. Caps. glabrous. + +Upper White Nile Prov. (Kaka & Meshra El Zeraf woodstations). + + +=I. cordofana= _Choisy._ TEBR or TIBR (White Nile)—Arab; KARA (Meshra El +Zeraf)—Dinka. + +Hairy creeper. Leaves ovate-orbicular, broadly cordate, 1-3 in. long; +petiole 1-2 in. long. Peduncles 1-3 flowered; bracts ovate, foliaceous; +cor. white, funnel-shaped, 1-2 in. long. Caps. globose, ⅓ in. diam. + +Blue Nile, White Nile & Upper White Nile Provinces (J. Arashkol, El +Dueim to Meshra El Zeraf); Kordofan Prov. + + +=I. pileata= _Roxb._ + +Pilose twiner. Leaves cordate-ovate, ab. 2 in. long. Fl. enclosed in a +large boat-shaped bract; cor. cylindrical, tube 1 in. long; limb +spreading, 1 in. diam. Caps. globose, small. + +Fung Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=I. chloroneura= _Hallier f._ LUAE (J. Eliri)—Nuba. + +Erect branching herb with dense white and yellow hairs. Leaves +lin.-lanceolate to oval, 1-2 in. long. Fl. in small dense heads, outer +bracts foliaceous; cor. white or pale-yellow, funnel-shaped, under ½ in. +Caps. globose; seeds fawny, silky-pubescent. + +Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Eliri). + + +=I. involucrata= _P. Beauv._ + +Slender, finely hairy or glabrescent twiner. Leaves cordate-ovate, 1½-3 +in. long; petiole as long. Peduncle 1-3 in. long; fl. several in a head, +enclosed in a large, 2-cusped, foliaceous, boat-shaped bract, 2 in. +diam.; cor. bright pink, 1-2 in. long, funnel-shaped; limb 1½-2 in. +diam. Caps. small, globose, glabrous. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +=I. amœna= _Choisy._ + +Twiner with soft yellow hairs, mixed in younger parts with white hairs. +Leaves ovate, shallowly cordate, 1-3½ in. long. Fl. in dense hairy +cymose heads; cor. purple-violet or cream, with crimson throat, ab. ½ +in. long. Capsules small, glabrous, 2-celled. + +Nubia; Fung & Kordofan Provinces. + + +=I. chætocaulos= _Hallier f._ + +Twining herb with golden bristly hairs. Leaves suborbicular, cordate, 3½ +in. long; petiole 4 in. long. Fl. in dense heads; bracts ovate, ¾ in. +long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=I. Pes-tigridis= _Linn._ + +Twining annual with long fulvous hairs. Leaves palmately 7-9 lobed, +1½-2½ in. long, 2-3 in. broad; lobes narrowly oval; petiole 1½-2½ in. +long. Peduncles longer than petioles, bearing dense hirsute, few- +flowered heads; bracts foliaceous, oblong; cor. funnel-shaped, purple, +ab. 1½ in. long. Caps. brown, glabrous; seeds black, shortly pubescent. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (Abu Haraz). + + +=I. hederacea= _Jacq._ + +Slender, hairy twiner. Leaves shallowly cordate-ovate, rather shallowly +3-lobed, 2-5 in. long. Peduncle 1-5 flowered; sepals with a long, narrow +point, ¾-1 in. long; cor. funnel-shaped, 2-3 in. long, usually ashy-blue +with a white tube. Caps. small, 3-celled; seeds 6, smooth. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Berber Prov. (Metemma); Blue Nile +Prov.; Fung, Kordofan, Upper White Nile & Darfur Provinces. + +The seeds, powdered with ginger, are used as a purgative. + + +=I. pilosa= _Sweet._ UM SHE’ERA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab. + +Twining herb with yellowish-white hairs. Leaves cordate-ovate, 2-4 in. +long, palmately 3-lobed with white tomentum beneath. Fl. laxly cymose on +1-2 in. long, hairy peduncles, 5-merous; sepals linear-acuminate, +glandular; cor. purple-carmine, funnel-shaped, 1 in. long. Capsule +globose; ripe seeds hanging by filaments out of capsule. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Berber Prov. (Metemma); Fung Prov.; +White Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El +Zeraf). + +The roots are pounded and an infusion drunk to calm abdominal pains. + + +=I. obscura= _Ker._ + +Pubescent twiner. Leaves ovate, cordate, 1½-2 in. long. Peduncle ½-1 in. +long, 1-3 flowered; cor. white with a purple base, funnel-shaped, 1 in. +long, 1-1½ in. diam. Caps. globose, glabrous, ⅜ in. diam. + +Between Kassala & Suakin (J. Erkeneb); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam- +land). + + +=I. near I. obscura= _Ker._ + +Leaves gland-dotted, cordate to subhastate or deltoid. + +Upper White Nile Prov. (Kio); Mongalla Prov. (above Bor). + + +=I. fragilis= _Choisy._ + +Slender twiner. Leaves narrowly cordate-ovate, acuminate, 1-2 in. long. +Fl. 1-2 axillary, on long peduncles exceeding the leaves; cor. white or +buff, funnel-shaped, ¾ in. long. Caps. glabrous. + +Kordofan Prov. (Obeid); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, Western +Bongo-land & Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River). + + +=I. acanthocarpa= _Hochst._ + +Glabrous twiner. Leaves cordate-ovate, 1-3 in. long; petiole 1-3 in. +long. Peduncle 1-3 flowered; cor. white or pale-purple, funnel-shaped, 1 +in. long. Caps. globose, tipped with persistent style base. + +Kordofan Prov. (Obeid); Nuba Mts. Prov. (near Talodi). + + +=I. cf. I. acanthocarpa= _Hochst._ + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post). + + +=I. hellebarda= _Schwfth._ + +Tuberous-rooted twiner. Leaves very variable, ovate to sagittate or +hastate, 2-3 in. long. Peduncle 1½-3 in. long, bearing a few-flowered +cyme; cor. bright red-purple, 2 in. long, funnel-shaped, ab. 2 in. diam. +Caps. globose; seeds 4, brown-velvety. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: around Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River). + + +=I. aquatica= _Forsk._ FARU (Meshra El Zeraf), ARKALA (Kordn.)—Arab; +AFAT (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka. + +Hollow-stemmed trailing and twining herb, also floating on the water. +Leaves cordate-ovate or hastate, 3-6 in. long, on long petioles. +Peduncles 1-2 in. long, 1- few-flowered; cor. bright-purple, 2-3 in. +long, funnel-shaped; limb spreading, 2½ in. diam.; capsule globose, ⅓ +in. diam. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Between Berber & Khartoum; Fung +Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Wad Shellai and edges of the Nile); Kordofan +Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. Most parts of +the Sudan, growing in or near water. + +The young shoots are eaten. It is the important factor in binding +together Sudd plants. + + +=I. near I. leucantha= _Webb._ + +Twiner with linear, hastate leaves. Cor. white with purple-lilac centre. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Mongalla Prov. (Bor). + + +=I. repens= _Lam._ ABU HALAGIN—Arab; TARASHO—Bari. + +Trailing perennial with hollow stem, growing on muddy banks. Leaves +cordate, orbicular or reniform, 3-6 in. diam.; petiole 1-4 in. long. +Peduncles 1-4 in. long, bearing a few to many flowered cyme; cor. red or +purple, funnel-shaped, 2-3 in. long. Capsule globose; seeds size of a +pea. + +Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov. (banks of the Nile); Kordofan Prov. +(south, swamps); Darfur Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land); Mongalla +Prov. + + +=I. Batatas= _Lam._ BOMBAY—Arab; BAMBE (red var.) or AMBIRIA & BAZAMBE +(white var.)—Zande. Sweet Potato. + +White, red or rarely yellow tuberous-rooted perennial. Leaves very +variable, more or less trilobed, 3-4 in. long; petiole long. Cymes dense +on long peduncles; cor. reddish, 1½ in. long, funnel-shaped. + +Kordofan & Mongalla Provinces and other parts of the Sudan. + +Cultivated for its tuber. + + +=I. near I. Batatas= _Lam._ + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post). + + +=I. dissecta= _Willd._ + +Slender trailing herb. Leaves digitate with 5 deeply pinnatifid to +pinnatisect segments, 1-1½ in. diam. Fl. 1-3 on peduncles shorter than +the leaves; cor. white, funnel-shaped, ½ in. long. Caps. globose, +3-celled. + +Kordofan & Mongalla Provinces. + + +=I. pulchella= _Roth._ + +Slender twiner. Leaves deeply divided into 5 elliptic segments, the 2 +lower bilobed, segments ¾-1 in. long. Fl. solitary, axillary; cor. rose- +purple, ½ in. long; tube inflated, limbs spreading. Caps. ⅓ in. diam.; +seeds hairy. + +Khartoum Prov. (Soba); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; +Upper White Nile Prov. (Kaka). + + +=I. palmata= _Forsk._ + +Twining herb. Leaves with 5 lanceolate segments, the 2 lower bilobed, +1-3 in. long; petiole same length, based by 2 stipular, 7-8 partite +leaves. Cymes axillary, lax, few to many flowered; cor. red-purple, 1½-2 +in. long, funnel-shaped. Caps. globose, under ½ in. diam.; seeds 4, +white, hairy. + +Khartoum, Blue Nile, Fung, White Nile, Kordofan & Mongalla Provinces. + + +=I. dasysperma= _Jacq._ ABU ’ELEIBA (Hillet Abbas)—Arab. + +Herbaceous twiner. Leaves as above or doubly tripartite, 2-3 in. long. +Fl. 1-3 on short peduncles; sepals slightly spurred at base; cor. buff +with purple throat; limb spreading, 1½-2 in. diam. Caps. globose; seeds +4, orange, pilose. + +Blue Nile, Fung, White Nile (Hillet Abbas) & Kordofan Provinces. + + +=I. magnifica= _Hallier f._ + +Shrub, 4-6 ft. high. Leaves ovate-suborbicular, ab. 5 in. long, +undulate, grey-pubescent beneath. Fl. solitary, axillary; cor. white- +rose, 5 in. long and broad, funnel-shaped. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +=I. verbascoidea= _Choisy._ + +Shrub, 3-5 ft. high, with yellow or white, woolly tomentum. Leaves +cordate-oblong, 3-6 in. long, with 2 glands near junction of petiole. +Peduncle 1-3 flowered, up to 1 in. long; cor. rose-purple, 3-4 in. long, +funnel-shaped. Caps. globose; seeds ¼ in. long, covered with fulvous +wool. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land & Jur Ghattas). + + +=I. lilacina= _Blume._ + +Strong twiner. Leaves cordate-ovate, sometimes 3-lobed, 3-4 in. long, +more or less pubescent. Peduncle 2-5 in. long, many-flowered; cor. +lilac-pink, 1½-2 in. long, funnel-shaped. Caps. globose; seeds hairy. + +Upper White Nile Prov. (Kodok); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (main River); Bahr +El Jebel (Sudd). + + +=I. eurysepala= _Hallier f._ + +Dwarf hairy herb. Leaves elongate-ovate, up to 2 in. long. Fl. axillary, +1-2 together; sepals nearly ½ in. long, broadly ovate; cor. ½ in. long. +Caps. glabrous; seeds 4, pale-yellow. + +Kordofan Prov. + + +=I. convolvulifolia= _Hallier f._ + +Procumbent herb with fulvous hairs. Leaves cordate, subsagittate, 1 in. +long, pubescent. Peduncles short, 1-2 flowered; cor. rose-red, 1 or more +in. long. Caps. glabrous. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Gumango hill). + + +=I. digitata= _Linn._ + +Twiner, with fleshy, tuberous root. Leaves palmately 3-9 lobed, 4-8 in. +long, shallowly cordate. Cymes compound, several to many-flowered; cor. +bright red-purple, centre darker, campanulate funnel-shaped, 2-3 in. +long. Caps. globose; seeds with tawny-white hairs. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Nabambisso River, & Bongo- +land: Kulongo). + +The tuberous roots are used medicinally in India. + + +=I. near I. incomta= _Hallier f._ TUDU (J. Eliri)—Nuba. + +Stout twiner. Leaves cordate ovate, silvery pubescent or tomentose. Cor. +white, funnel-shaped, 2½ in. long; sepals hairy. Seeds silky-hairy. + +Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Eliri); Darfur Prov. (Kulme). + + +619 =Merremia kentrocaulos= _Rendle._ + +Twining perennial. Leaves palmately 5-7 partite, 3-6 in. long. Fl. laxly +cymose; cor. yellow, red at base, funnel-shaped, 2-2½ in. long. Caps. +ellipsoid, ½-¾ in. long, 2-celled; seeds 4, black. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu & Bongo +lands); Bahr El Jebel (Nyangara). + + +=M. pterygocaulos= _Hallier f._ + +Reddish herbaceous twiner; stem, petioles and peduncles winged. Leaves +palmately 3-lobed, 2-4 in. long, deeply cordate. Cymes few to many- +flowered; cor. white, or pale yellow with purple throat. Caps. globose, +under ½ in. diam., seeds grey to blackish, size of a pea. + +Fung Prov. (Wadi El Gamalu); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (mouth of Bahr El +Arab); Mongalla Prov. (North of Gondokoro). + + +=M. pedata= _Hallier f._ + +Twiner. Leaves pedately 5-lobed, segments filiform. Peduncle 1-flowered; +cor. probably white, streaked with purple. + +Red Sea Prov. (Suakin & Khor Tamanib). + + +=M. palmata= _Hallier f._ + +Climbing or trailing herb. Leaves palmately deeply 5-lobed, lowest pair +sometimes unequally forked, 1½-2½ in. long. Peduncle 1-flowered, up to 3 +in. long, thickened above; cor. probably pale-yellow, 1 in. long, +funnel-shaped. + +Red Sea Prov. (Khor Gweb near Tamanib). + + +=M. pentaphylla= _Hallier f._ ’ERG EL M’OTERASH, TĀTAMBA, SHEHER & +TORFRID (Kordn.) & UM GEREISĀT (N. Kordn.), SHAG EL FIL—Arab. + +Slender twiner, hirsute with yellowish hairs. Leaves deeply 5-lobed, 2-4 +in. long; petiole 2-4 in. long. Peduncle as long as leaf, few or many- +flowered; cor. white or yellowish, 1 in. long, campanulate funnel- +shaped. Caps. ½ in. diam.; enclosed in persistent hairy sepals; seeds +brown, glabrous. + +Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile +Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. + + +=M. gallabatensis= _Hallier f._ + +Herb with only one long-stalked leaf, which is ovate-oblong, subcordate, +4 in. long, irregularly lobed. Peduncle longer than leaf; cymes dense, +many-flowered; cor. about ⅔ in. long. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma). + + +=M. xanthophylla= _Hallier f._ + +Trailing or climbing herb, clothed with yellow-brown hairs. Leaves +pinnately 5-9 lobed, 2½ in. by 2 in., shallowly cordate. Peduncle 1-2 +in. long; cymes few-flowered; cor. whitish, ½ in. long, funnel-shaped. + +Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla). + + +=M. angustifolia= _Hallier f._ + +Twiner. Leaves linear, auricled and hastate at base, 1-3 in. long. +Peduncle 1-3 flowered, 1 in. long; cor. pale yellow, ab. ½ in. long. +Caps. globose, ¼ in. diam. + +Kordofan Prov. (J. Kon, etc.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Bahr +El Jebel (Shambé, Bahr El Ghazal Prov. to Mongalla, etc.). + + +=M. pinnata= _Hallier f._ + +Trailing or twining annual, hairy all over. Leaves pinnately divided to +the midrib, 1 in. long. Peduncles 1-3 flowered; bracts linear; cor. +yellow or white, small. Caps. hairy, ¼ in. diam. + +Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land); Bahr El +Jebel (Madi). + + +=M. emarginata= _Hallier f._ + +Trailing herb with a long, woody root. Leaves orbicular or reniform, ½-1 +in. broad. Fl. 1-2 axillary, sessile; cor. yellow with dark eye, small. +Caps. globose, ¼ in. diam., glabrous. + +Kassala Prov. (Gedaref); Fung Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Fashoda to +Barboi); Mongalla Prov. (Nuer-land). + + +=M. convolvulacea= _Dennst._ OWARIDA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab. + +Slender twiner. Leaves subcordate or 3-lobed, ½-1½ in. long. Fl. 1 to +many, cymose; peduncle ¼-2 in. long; cor. yellow subcampanulate, ⅓ in. +long; limb ½ in. diam. with 5 violet lines. Caps. ovoid-globose, ¼ in. +diam. + +Fung, Kordofan, Upper White Nile, Bahr El Ghazal (Wau) & Mongalla +Provinces. + +The Arabs at Meshra El Zeraf believe that if the barrel of a gun be held +over the smoke of a fire made with the roots of this plant, it will in +future shoot straight. + + +620 =Calonyction speciosum= _Choisy._ Moon-flower. + +Stout climber; stems smooth or with fleshy tubercles. Leaves cordate- +ovate, long acuminate, 4-6 in. long; petiole about as long. Peduncle as +long as petiole, 1-6 flowered; 3 outer sepals abruptly aristate, ab. ¾ +in. long; cor. white, salver-shaped, opening at night; tube cylindric, +3-4 in. long; limb 4-6 in. diam. Caps. large, ovoid, 1 in. long; seeds +dark brown. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat). + + +=C. muricatum= _G. Don._ + +Wide-climbing twiner, stems with fleshy spine-like tubercles. Leaves +cordate-ovate, acuminate, 4-5 in. long. Peduncle short or long, 1-6 +flowered; pedicel much swollen in young fruit; cor. pale rose or lilac, +opening at night; tube 2-2½ in. long, passing into a funnel-shaped limb, +2 in. diam.; cap. globose up to 1 in. diam; seeds 4, white (?or brown). + +Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land). + + +621 =Astrochlæna lachnosperma= _Hallier f._ UM GHALEILA (Kordn.)—Arab. + +Erect perennial with stellate hairs (as others in this genus), hairs +white. Leaves ovate or elliptic, 1½-3 in. long; petiole 1-2 in. long. +Fl. solitary or umbellate; cor. purple and lilac, ¾ in. long, funnel- +shaped. Caps. globose, ⅓ in. diam.; seeds 4, hairy. + +Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Zalingei); Red Sea Prov. (near Akik). + + +=A. Volkensii= _Dammer._ + +Herb, 1½-2½ ft. high. Leaves ovate, cordate or rounded at base, 1½-3½ +in. long; petiole ½ in. long. Fl. axillary, cymose; cor. lilac with +carmine centre; ab. 1½ in. long. Caps. globose; seeds 4, hairy. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Tonj to Deim Zubeir); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla, on +ironstone). + + +=A. Engleriana= _Dammer._ + +Herb, stellate hairs ferruginous. Leaves ovate, undulate, with dense +white tomentum beneath. Cymes axillary, long-peduncled. Cor. probably +lilac, 1¼ in. long, funnel-shaped. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur +Ghattas); Moru-land. + + +=A. malvacea= _Hallier f._ + +Erect or decumbent perennial. Leaves ovate, 2-5 in. long, white +tomentose beneath. Peduncle 1 in. long, 2-5 flowered; cor. purple, 1½-2 +in. long, funnel-shaped. Caps. globose; seeds 4, black. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +=A. Stuhlmannii= _Hallier f._ + +Erect or trailing herb, with matted tawny hairs. Leaves ovate, 4-5 in. +long, cuneate to cordate. Fl. in corymbose panicle; cor. lilac with +purple tube, 1½ in. long. Caps. globose; seeds black, hairy. + +Darfur Prov. (Kulme, & J. Marra, 5,200 ft.). + + +622 =Lepistemon africanum= _Oliv._ + +Herbaceous climber with bristly pale-brown stinging hairs. Leaves +cordate-ovate, 2-6 in. long, irregularly sinuate. Cymes many-flowered; +cor. white; tube ½ in. long; limb ½ in. diam. Caps. ovoid, hairy, ½ in. +long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir). + + +623 =Jacquemontia capitata= _G. Don._ + +Short twiner. Leaves ovate, ¼ in. long. Fl. in dense rusty villous +heads; cor. bright blue, ab. ½ in. long. + +Kordofan Prov. (common); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Bahr El +Jebel (Shambé & Madi). + + +624 =Convolvulus Hystrix= _Vahl._ + +Erect undershrub; branches short, hairy, ending in spines. Leaves +oblong, ½ in. long. Fl. solitary, axillary, sessile; cor. ab. ½ in. +long, little longer than calyx. + +Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° N.L., & Soturba); Berber Prov. + + +=C. microphyllus= _Sieber._ MURMIT (N. Kordn.) & GHUBEYRA—Arab. + +Bushy herb. Cauline leaves oblong to lanceolate, ½ in. long; radical +leaves narrowly spathulate, 1 in. long. Fl. 1-3 together from upper +nodes of stem; sepals hairy, ¼ in. long; cor. pinkish-white, ab. ½ in. +long, funnel-shaped, hairy outside. Caps. globose. + +North Sudan; Red Sea Prov. (Khor Ashat; Dongola Prov. (near Wadi Allangi +& Wadi El Arab); Berber Prov. (Wadi Selem); Kordofan Prov. (North, +Safia). + + +=C. Deserti= _Hochst._ & _Steud._ + +Small, shrubby herb. Leaves lin.-oblong, up to 1¾ in. long, hairy. Fl. +1-2 together, axillary along the stem. Cor. ab. ½ in. long, funnel- +shaped. + +Red Sea Prov. (Suakin & 21° N.L.). + + +=C. rhyniospermus= _Hochst._ + +Small trailing or tufted herb, brown, hairy. Leaves oblong or +oblanceolate, 1-2 in. long. Fl. axillary along the stem, solitary or +clustered, enclosed in foliaceous bracts; cor. ½ in. long, hairy. Caps. +globose, beaked, ¼ in. diam. + +Red Sea Prov. (Suakin); Kordofan Prov. (J. Kon). + + +=C. glomeratus= _Choisy._ + +Stiff, bushy herb or climber. Leaves lanceolate, ¼-1 in. long. Fl. in +dense globose rusty-hairy heads; bracts foliaceous, ¾ in. long; sepals +5, 2 outer larger, fulvous; cor. pale-rose, ½ in. long. Caps. globose, +glabrous. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L. to Khor Tamanib). + + +=C. arvensis= _Linn._ MUDDEYD—Arab. + +Slender twiner. Leaves ovate-hastate, 1-2 in. long. Fl. 1-3 on long +peduncles; cor. deep-rose, funnel-shaped, ¾ in. long. Caps. globose, ¼ +in. diam. + +White Nile. + +The plant is said to be eaten by goats and cattle. + + +=C. fatmensis= _Kunze._ ULLEYA—Arab. + +Diffuse herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves cordate-ovate, deeply crenate, +auricled, ½-1½ in. long. Fl. 1-2 on axillary peduncles; cor. white with +brown stripes, under ½ in. long, hairy outside. Caps. globose, ¼ in. +diam. + +Kordofan Prov. + + +625 =Evolvulus alsinoides= _Linn._ + +Bushy herb. Leaves elliptic to lanceolate, ½-1 in. long, hairy. +Peduncles 1-3 flowered; cor. bright blue, rarely white, funnel-shaped, ¼ +in. diam.; styles 2, forked. Caps. globose, minute. + +North Sudan; Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L. & Has Has); Blue Nile Prov. (J. +Moya); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Kadugli); Darfur Prov. (Kulme & 40-80 m. N.E. of +Fasher); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Kutshuk Ali); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla). + +Used as febrifuge and tonic. + + +=E. nummularius= _Linn._ + +Small trailing herb; stems shortly hairy, rooting at the nodes. Leaves +orbicular, ab. ½ in. diam. Fl. few, solitary in axils of leaves; sepals +ovate, ciliate; cor. white, deeply lobed, ¼ in. long. Caps globose, ⅙ +in. diam; seeds 2-4, black or brown. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Lehsi River); Mongalla Prov. +(Mongalla). + + +=E. agrestis= _Schwfth._ + +Tufted or climbing annual with reddish hairs. Leaves lanceolate, ¾-1½ +in. long. Peduncles axillary, 1-2 flowered, bearing characteristic +hairs; bracts linear; sepals ciliate-hairy; cor. ¼ in. long. Caps. ¼ in. +diam.; seeds black. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.). + + +626 =Seddera virgata= _Hochst._ & _Steud._ + +Much branched, virgate undershrub with white appressed hairs. Leaves +sessile, distant, linear, ½-1 in. long. Fl. in sparse racemes at end of +branchlets; sep. obovate; cor. broadly funnel-shaped, ¼ in. long, with +hairy mid-petaline area; styles 2, almost from base. Caps. globose, ⅙ +in. diam. + +Red Sea Prov. (Wadi Omari, J. Waratab, Suakin); Khartoum Prov. (rocky +hills); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla). + + +=S. arabica= _Choisy._ + +Much-branched virgate undershrub with yellowish pubescence. Leaves +subsessile, elliptical, ab. ½ in. long. Fl. usually solitary, axillary; +sep. small, elliptic to obovate; cor. ⅓ in. long, limb ¼ in. diam.; +styles 2, free from the base. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit, Khor Tamanib). + + +627 =Dichondra repens= _Forst._ + +Pubescent, trailing perennial, rooting from the nodes. Leaves reniform, +¼-1 in. broad, more or less silky; petioles long. Fl. axillary, +solitary; calyx minute, pilose; cor. yellow, deeply 5-fid., minute; +stigmas capitate. Caps. 2-lobed, 1-seeded. + +Mongalla Prov. (Gondokoro). + + +628 =Cressa cretica= _Linn._ EL HĀD (N. Kordn.), NADAWE, ABU HOSABA, +MULLEY, SEBAKH & NU’EM—Arab. + +Low, shrubby perennial. Leaves ovate to lanceolate, ⅙ to ¼ in. long. Fl. +in dense bracteate spikes at end of branchlets; calyx hairy, minute; +cor. ab. ¼ in. long; styles 2, free. Caps. ovoid, minute, 1-seeded. + +Red Sea Prov. (near Suakin); Kordofan (Shersha, on salt pans). + +The plant is used as a tonic. + + +629 =Cuscuta planiflora= _Ten._ Dodder. + +Leafless parasitic twiner with pink stems; germinates in the ground, but +later sustains itself entirely on the juices of its host. Fl. in dense +globose sessile clusters; fl. pentamerous pale-pink or whitish, globose- +urceolate, very minute. + +Red Sea Prov. (coast to between 3,000 & 4,000 ft., Suakin 21° N.L.); +Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, high altitudes). + + +=C. arabica= _Fres._ + +Differs by smaller flower-clusters. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Blue Nile Prov. (Kamlin). + + +=C. obtusiflora var. cordofana= _Engelm._ + +Stems stouter, bright yellow. + +Kordofan Prov. + + +=C. hyalina= _Roth._ + +Stems slender, almost translucent. Fl. minute, stalked, cymose. + +Red Sea Prov. (Suakin); Kordofan Prov. + + + =SCROPHULARIACEÆ.= + + +630 =Aptosimum pumilum= _Benth._ + +Dwarf tufted herb. Leaves usually alt., linear, 1-3 in. long, scabrid- +pubescent. Fl. solitary or several axillary; cor. white outside and blue +inside, 5-lobed; st. didynamous. Caps. globose, emarginate, compressed +at apex. + +Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Kon); Darfur Prov. (48-80 m. N.E. of El Fasher). + + +631 =Anticharis arabica= _Endl._ + +Glandular-pubescent annual, 1 ft. high. Leaves alt., oblong-lanceolate +to lin.-lanceolate, up to 1¼ in. long. Fl. axillary, solitary; cor. +pink, viscid, ¼ in. long, lobes 5, subequal; st. 2, 1-celled. Caps. +narrowly ovoid, beaked, ¼ in. long. + +Red Sea Prov. (Suakin J. Waratab, Soturba); between Suakin & Berber +(Wadi Omareg). + + +=A. linearis= _Hochst._ NIDEIĀNA (N. Kordn.)—Arab. + +Erect glandular-pubescent annual, up to 1 ft. high. Leaves sessile, +linear, up to 2 in. long. Fl. solitary on ½ in. long axillary peduncle +with 2 bracts above middle; calyx deeply 5-cleft; cor. white, under ½ +in. long; lobes 5, subequal; st. 2, anther-lobes basally acuminate; +stigma bifid. Caps. ⅓ in. long, beaked or acuminate. + +North Sudan (coast region, between Suakin & Berber); Banks of the Nile +north of Khartoum; Between Goz Regeb & Kassala; Khartoum Prov. (J. +Royan); Blue Nile Prov. (Rufaa); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); +Kordofan Prov. (El Obeid, Bara); Darfur Prov. + + +632 =Verbascum Ternacha= _Hochst._ Mullein. + +Tall herb with dense white or yellowish woolly tomentum. Lower leaves +oval or oblong, crenate or serrate; petiole 1-2 in. long; upper leaves +smaller subamplexicaul. Panicles 18 in. long, branches 6-12 in. long, +spreading; fl. clustered along the branches, 5-merous, rotate; cor. +yellow, ¾ in. diam.; filaments bearded. Caps. ovoid, ¼ in. long. + +Dongola, Red Sea & Darfur Provinces. + + +633 =Linaria hastata= _R. Br._ + +Herb, up to 1 ft. high. Leaves opp. below, alt. above, linear to +lanceolate, hastate, ½-1 in. long. Peduncles axillary, ab. 1 in. long; +calyx 5-partite, small; cor. yellow, ¼ in. long, 2-lipped, with small +spur; st. 4, didynamous, woolly; stigma emarginate; caps. ovoid, minute. + +Red Sea Prov. (Hakeko, Port Sudan District). + + +=L. Bentii= _Skan._ + +Densely glandular pubescent undershrub, ab. 1 ft. high. Leaves subopp. +below, alt. above, ovate to triangular, cordate, ⅓ in. long. Fl. +axillary, solitary, subsessile; cor. 2-lobed, spurred, ab. ½ in. long. +Caps. globose-ovoid, minute. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.). + + +=L. nubica= _Skan._ + +Glandular-pubescent, subscandent annual. Leaves opp. below, alt. above, +triangular to ovate, broadly cordate, ab. 1 in. long. Fl. axillary, +solitary; cor. 2-lobed and spurred, under ½ in. long, hairy. Caps. +ovoid, pubescent, small. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L., sea-coast to between 3,000 & 4,000 ft.). + + +=L. ægyptiaca= _Dum._ + +Low, bushy shrublet, covered with gland-tipped hairs. Leaves ovate or +ovate-lanceolate, acute, ¼ in. long. Flowers axillary, solitary, +yellowish; pedicels ½ in. long. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Gendua River); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra 9,500 +ft.). + + +=L. sagittata= _Hook. f._ + +Subscandent or procumbent perennial. Leaves linear to lanceolate, +sagittate or hastate or cuneate, ¼-2 in. long. Fl. axillary; peduncles +¼-½ in. long; cor. yellow, pilose outside, bilobed, ¾ in. long, spur ½ +in. long; filaments densely pilose. Caps. globose, minute. + +Red Sea Prov. (J. Waratab, Wadi Omareg, between Suakin & Erkowit, +Dongonab). + + +634 =Schweinfurthia pterosperma= _A. Braun._ + +Herb, 6-9 in. high. Leaves alt., elliptic-spathulate to lin.-oblong, up +to 1 in. long. Fl. solitary; calyx small, 5-partite; cor. ¼ in. long, +gibbous at base, 2-lipped, white, pink at throat. Caps. subglobose, ¼ +in. diam.; seeds with 6 subwinged ridges. + +Red Sea Prov. (Suakin & coast region, J. Waratab); Between Suakin & +Berber. + + +635 =Scrophularia arguta= _Ait._ + +Branched, glandular-pubescent herb, up to 2 ft. high. Leaves broadly +ovate, subcordate, irregularly dentate, up to 3 in. long; petiole ½-1 +in. long. Fl. in terminal cymose panicles; calyx 5-fid, minute; cor. +ventricose, 5-lobed, 1 lobe larger, hardly exceeding calyx, deep-red. +Caps. ovoid, beaked. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit, Khor Tamanib, & 21° N.L.). + + +636 =Antirrhinum Orontium= _Linn._ + +Glandular hairy herb, up to 2 ft. high. Lower leaves opp., upper alt., +linear to lanceolate, 1-2 in. long. Fl. solitary in upper axils of +leaves; calyx 5-partite; cor. 2-lipped, rose with purple veins, ¼-¾ in. +long, tube gibbous. Caps. obliquely ovoid, up to ½ in. long, hispidly +hairy. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L. and other places); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: +Niurnya, 6,500 ft.). + + +637 =Sutera glandulosa= _Roth._ + +Small diffuse viscid-pubescent herb. Leaves ovate or oblong, incised- +dentate, pinnatifid or dissected, ¼-1 in. long, lower opp., upper alt. +Fl. in upper axils of leaves; calyx 5-partite, minute; cor. ⅙ in. long, +white, tube not dilated, lobes small, 2 smaller; st. 4, included; style +shortly 2-lobed. Caps. ovoid, minute. + +Near Wadi Halfa (between Korosko & Derr); Dongola Prov. (Debba); Near +Khartoum Prov.; White Nile Prov. (El Ehs). + + +638 =Lindenbergia abyssinica= _Hochst._ + +Glandular-pubescent or pilose perennial. Leaves opp. or upper alt., +broadly-ovate, cuneate to subcordate, ½ in. long, coarsely crenate- +dentate. Fl. in leafy terminal, secund racemes; cor. ⅔ in. long, +2-lipped, postichous lip 2-lobed, antichous 3-lobed. Caps. ovoid, ⅓ in., +pubescent. + +Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Erkowit, Khor Tamanib, Wadi Omareg). + + +639 =Stemodia serrata= _Benth._ + +Small branched viscid glandular-pubescent herb. Leaves opp. or +verticillate, rather crowded, oblong or lanceolate, up to 2 in. long, +serrate above middle. Fl. crowded in leafy spike-like racemes; bracts 2, +near calyx, which is 5-partite, ¼ in. long; cor. bluish, slightly longer +than calyx, 2-lipped, upper emarginate, lower shortly 3-lobed. Caps. ¼ +in. long, 4-furrowed. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Nuba Mts. Prov. +(J. Kurun); Upper White Nile Prov. (Kaka woodstation). + + +640 =Limnophila gratioloides= _R. Br._ + +Marsh herb, usually 5 in. high. Leaves verticillate and opposite, +submerged leaves in filiform segments, upper gland-dotted, linear to +elliptic-oblong. Fl. axillary on ½ in. long glandular-pubescent +pedicels; calyx 5-partite, glandular, small; cor. white, ab. ⅓ in. long; +st. 4, each pair or only lower pair of anthers cohering. Caps. minute. + +White Nile & Upper White Nile Provinces (Debeiker to Hillet Abbas); Bahr +El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & mouth of Bahr El Arab). + + +641 =Moniera calycina= _Hiern._ + +Gland-dotted glabrous herb, 6-12 in. high. Leaves opp., lanceol. to +ovate, 1¼ in. long, crenate-serrate, solitary; calyx 5-partite, ¼ in. +long, larger in fruit; cor. white, ⅓ in. long, 2-lipped, upper +emarginate, lower deeply 3-lobed. Caps. ⅙ in. long, ellipsoid, gland- +dotted. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Dukutu). + + +=M. floribunda= _T. Cooke._ + +Small gland-dotted scabrid herb. Leaves linear to narrowly oblong, ½-2½ +in. long. Fl. axillary, solitary or in pairs; calyx 5-partite, ab. ¼ in. +long; cor. blue or violet with yellow throat, ⅙ in. long, upper lip +emarginate, lower 3-lobed. Caps. ellipsoid, minute. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Gir in Bongo-land); Mongalla Prov. +(Gameiza woodstation). + + +=M. punctata= _Skan._ + +Small glandular-punctate herb; stem quadrangular. Leaves linear or +lin.-lanceolate, sessile, ab. 1 in. long. Fl. axillary, solitary, +subsessile; calyx under ¼ in. long; cor. ⅙ in. long, shape as above. +Caps. globose, minute. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Aggada & Jur Ghattas). + + +642 =Dopatrium luteum= _Engl._ + +Aquatic herb, up to 1 ft. high. Lower leaves strap-shaped, ½-1 in. long, +upper scale-like. Fl. in terminal raceme; calyx small, 5-fid; cor. +showy, yellow, ab. 1¼ in. long, upper lip emarginate, lower 3-partite; +st. 2 perfect and 2 rudimentary. Caps. subglobose, under ¼ in. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land). + + +=D. tricolor= _Engl._ + +Herb, 1½ ft. high. Radical leaves crowded, linear, 1½-2¼ in. long, upper +scale-like. Fl. in terminal raceme; calyx small, 5-fid; cor. tube ½ in. +long, whitish, upper lip violet, ¼ in. long, emarginate, lower lip +violet with yellow central lobe, under ½ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land). + + +643 =Mimulus gracilis= _R. Br._ + +Erect herb, up to 20 in. high; stem narrowly 4-winged. Leaves +opp.-lanceolate to narrowly-oblong, ¾-2 in. long, amplexicaul, sometimes +denticulate. Fl. solitary, axillary on ped., 2 in. long; calyx 5-angled, +dentate, ab. ⅓ in. long; cor. white or light pink, over ½ in. long, +unequally bilabiate. St. 4, didynamous. Caps. obovoid, ¼ in. long. + +Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Kurra, 5,200 ft.). + + +644 =Craterostigma Schweinfurthii= _Engl._ + +Perennial 6 to 18 in. high; stems quadrangular. Leaves opp., 3-nerved, +elliptic-lanceolate, up to ¾ in. long. Fl. terminal, subcapitate; calyx +nearly ¼ in. long, 5-angled, 5-toothed; cor. violet, over ½ in. long, +2-lipped, upper suborbicular, lower 3-lobed; st. 4; filaments arching +and with gibbous base; anthers cohering in pairs; stigma somewhat +funnel-shaped. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Lessi River). + + +645 =Torenia spicata= _Engl._ + +Dwarf herb with narrowly 4-winged stems. Leaves opp., sessile, unequal +above, lanceolate, up to 9 in. long. Lower fl. axillary, upper in spike- +like racemes; calyx ⅙ in. deeply 2-lipped, 5-winged; cor. pink, blue or +white, ⅙ in. long, upper lip 2-fid, lower 3-lobed; st. 4; filaments +toothed at base, arched. Caps. ovoid, under ¼ in. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: between Jur Ewet: Abu Gurun’s Zariba). + + +=T. parviflora= _Buch.-Ham._ + +Straggling herb, up to 18 in. high. Leaves opp., ovate to +or.-lanceolate, ½-1 in. long, serrate-crenate. Fl. solitary or 2-6 +fascicled; calyx ⅓ in., 2-lipped, 5-winged; cor. white to purple, over ⅓ +in. long; st. as above. Caps. ⅓ in. long, oblong. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +646 =Lindernia lobelioides= _Engl._ + +Herb, ½-1 ft. high, much like a small _Lobelia_ in appearance. Leaves +opp., linear, 1 in. long, upper unequal. Fl. axillary, solitary; calyx +5-fid, ¼ in. long; cor. deep blue, nearly ½ in. long, upper lip ovate +truncate, lower 3-lobed; st. 4, filaments arched, toothed at base, +anthers cohering. Caps. linear-oblong, ½ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ewet, Bongo-land: Gir & Lessi River); Darfur +Prov. (J. Marra: Niurnya 6,500 ft.); Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + + +=L. debilis= _Skan._ + +Prostrate small herb. Leaves opp., linear-lanceolate, up to ½ in. long, +sessile. Fl. solitary in upper axils; calyx 5-ribbed, minute; cor. ⅙ in. +long, upper lip purplish, emarginate, lower 3-lobed, yellow, streaked +purple. Capsule oblong, minute. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir). + + +647 =Ilysanthes parviflora= _Benth._ + +Small herb. Leaves opp., ovate to oblong, up to ½ in. long, gland- +dotted. Fl. axillary or in terminal racemes; calyx 5-partite, minute; +cor. violet, blue or white; tube cylindrical ab. ¼ in. long, upper lip +bifid, lower spreading, 3-lobed; st. 2 perfect and 2 rudimentary. Caps. +ovoid. + +Dongola Prov. (Island near Debba); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post, Roseires, +Famaka); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, Bongo-land: Gir). + + +=I. trichotoma= _Urban._ + +Dwarf herb with short, stiff branches. Leaves opp., linear-oblong, ⅓ in. +long, sessile, otherwise much as above. + +Bahr El Jebel (Madi rocks). + + +=I. Schweinfurthii= _Engl._ + +Small herb, 4-8 in. high. Leaves linear, under ½ in. long. Fl. in a +loose raceme; cor. lilac, otherwise as above. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Gumango hill & Ibba River). + + +648 =Scoparia dulcis= _Linn._ + +Herb or undershrub. Leaves opp., ternate or verticillate, lin.- to +elliptic-lanceolate, ¼-1½ in. long, serrate above middle, punctate. Fl. +axillary, solitary or geminate; calyx minute, densely glandular, +4-lobed; cor. white, ⅛ in. long, rotate, 4-lobed, densely bearded at +throat; st. 4; caps. ovoid, minute. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, Jur River); Bahr El Jebel (Shambe, +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. to Mongalla, Mongalla Prov.); Darfur Prov. (Kulme); +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + +Used in native medicine throughout Tropical Africa. + + +649 =Veronica Anagallis= _Linn._ HABAQ—Arab. + +Glandular-pubescent herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves opp., lanceolate, +sessile, 1-3½ in. long, semi-amplexicaul. Racemes 2-3 in. long in upper +axils; calyx 4-partite, minute; cor. blue or pinkish, 4-partite, limb +spreading, lobes of 3 sizes; st. 2, exserted. Caps. orbicular, minute. + +Dongola Prov. (Nile banks between Old Dongola & Korti); Blue Nile Prov. +(Wad Medani, Sheikh Talha); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Niurnya, 6,500 ft.). + + +650 =Alectra communis= _Hemsl._ + +Very scabrid herb. Leaves ovate-triangular, coarsely dentate, about 1 +in. long. Flowers subsessile in the leafy bracts. Calyx lobes pectinate- +ciliate. + +Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Mid-Robo 8,300 ft.). + + +651 =Buchnera capitata= _Benth._ + +Annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves opp. or upper alt., linear to oblong- +lanceolate, ¾-3 in. long, sessile, scabrid. Fl. in terminal short dense +spikes, ¼-1⅓ in. long; fl. in axils of bracts and bracteoles; calyx +5-toothed, ⅙ in. long; cor. white, ¼ in. long; tube curved, slender, +pilose, lobes subequal, 5. Caps. ovoid, minute. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Merdgan’s Zeriba). + + +=B. hispida= _Ham._ + +Hispid herb, 6-20 in. high. Leaves elliptic to oblong, up to 3 in. long +(upper oblong-lanceolate to linear) toothed, scabrid. Fl. in 6 in. long +spikes, bracteate and bracteolate; calyx 5-toothed, ¼ in. long, densely +hispid; cor. ab. ½ in. long, tube cylindric, lobes 5, obovate, short; +st. 4. Caps. elliptic-oblong, ¼ in. long. + +Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 6-7,000 ft.). + + +652 =Striga orobanchoides= _Benth._ NAR or NUR EL ASSAD—Arab; DAI +(Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka. + +Much branched herb, 3-18 in. high, parasitic on roots of some +Leguminosæ, etc. Leaves scale-like, lanceolate, up to ½ in. long. Spikes +terminal; fl. bracteate and bracteolate; calyx 5-toothed, ¼-½ in. long; +cor. white, purple or red-brown; tube ½ in. long, bent and inflated, +limb 2-lipped, upper 2-lobed, lower 3-lobed. St. 4, didynamous, anthers +1-celled. Caps. ovoid-oblong ¼ in. long. + +Red Sea Prov. (Khor Tamanib, Suakin); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile & Upper White Nile Provinces (J. +Arashkol, Wad Shellai to Meshra El Zeraf); Kordofan Prov.; Mongalla +Prov. (Sheikh Tombé & Mongalla). + +Parasitic on _Cissus quadrangularis_, _Indigofera_ sp., etc. + + +=S. aspera= _Benth._ =var. Schweinfurthii= _Skan._ TU—Krej. + +Herbaceous hispid and scabrid root-parasite, growing on Dura. Leaves +opp. or upper alt., linear, ½-1½ in. long. Spikes terminal, lax-flowered +up to 8 in. long; bracts and bracteoles hispid; calyx nearly ½ in. long, +5-toothed, uppermost tooth smallest; cor. pink, tube ½ in. long curved +and inflated, upper lip obovate emarginate, 3-lobed. Caps. ellipsoid, ¼ +in. long. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land & Deim +Zubeir). + +Parasitic on Dura. + + +=S. Forbesii= _Benth._ + +Erect herb, up to 15 in. high, scabrid. Leaves opp. or sub-opp., +lin.-lanceolate or lanceolate, 1-2 in. long, toothed, scabrid. Fl. +solitary in axils of upper leaves; bracteoles linear, hispid; calyx +deeply 5-lobed, scabrid, lobes lin.-lanceolate, up to ⅓ in. long, +unequal; cor. pink, scarlet or yellow, tube ¾-1 in. long, sharply curved +and inflated, upper lip subtruncate or shortly 2-lobed, up to ¼ in. +long, lower 3-lobed up to nearly ½ in. long. Caps. oblong, ¼-⅓ in. long. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Mongalla +Prov. (Shambé to Mongalla Prov.). + + +=S. senegalensis= _Benth._ + +Closely resembles _S. hermonthica_ and may be a small-flowered form. +Cor. purple or red, tube ab. ½ in. long, upper lip up to ¼ in. long, +lower up to ⅓ in. long. + +Kordofan Prov. (Gefil); Upper White Nile Prov. (Dinka country). + + +=S. hermonthica= _Benth._ EL WEIN (Merowe), SEGAR (Meshra El Zeraf) & +(more commonly) BUDA—Arab. + +Branched herb, parasitic on Dura and Dukhn, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves linear +to lanceolate, 1-3 in. long, hispid and scabrid. Spikes terminal, 6 in. +long; calyx 5-toothed, upper smaller; cor. pink; tube ¾ in. long, curved +and inflated, upper lip 2-lobed, ⅓ in. long, lower 3-lobed, ½ in. long. +Caps. ellipsoid, ¼ in. long. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Dongola Prov.; Berber Prov.; Khartoum +Prov.; Blue Nile Prov. (Sennar); Fung Prov. (Roseires & Jongol’s Post); +White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land, Jur Ghattas); Darfur +Prov. (Zalingei). Parasitic on _Sorghum_, _Andropogon_, _Zea_, etc.). + +A decoction in salt and water is applied externally for sun headache. + + +=S. glandulifera= _Engl._ + +Branched herb, 6-8 in. high, pilose and scabrid. Leaves opp. and +subopp., narrowly linear, up to 1¼ in. long. Spikes terminal, 4 in. +long; fl. paired; calyx 5-toothed, ¼ in. long; cor. deep rose, tube ½ +in. long, curved and inflated, glandular-pubescent, upper lip under ¼ +in. long, slightly emarginate, lower lip 3-lobed, short. Caps. oblong, +1/7 in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +=S. strictissima= _Skan._ + +Densely hispid herb. Leaves lin.- or lanc.-subulate, under ½ in. long, +closely appressed in distant pairs. Spikes terminal, up to 4 in. long; +fl. paired in leaf-like bracts; calyx ¼ in. long, 5-toothed, upper +smaller; cor. dull-pink, tube ½ in. long, curved and inflated, hairy, +upper lip ⅛ in. long, truncate and toothed, lower 3-lobed, 1/12 in. +long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau). + + +=S. lutea= _Lour._ + +Branched parasitic herb, 6-9 in. high, scabrid. Leaves alt. or opp., +narrowly linear or lanceolate, ¼-1½ in. long. Spikes terminal, 4-6 in. +long, distant-flowered; bracts ¼ in. long, linear; calyx ¼ in. long, +10-ribbed and 5-toothed; cor. yellow, red or white, tube ab. ½ in. long, +suddenly bent above, upper lip obovate, lower 3-lobed, ¼ in. long. Caps. +oblong ovoid, ⅙ in. long. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Bongo-land); Darfur Prov. (Kulme). + + +653 =Rhamphicarpa fistulosa= _Benth._ + +Erect branched herb, usually ab. 1 ft. high. Leaves pinn.- or bi- +pinnatisect, up to 3 in. long, segments linear; fl. axillary solitary; +calyx campanulate, 5-fid, ¼ in. long; cor. white, tube slender, 1-2 in. +long; limb spreading, ½-¾ in. diam., 5-lobed, 2 more connate. Caps. +ovoid, compressed, almost 2-winged, ⅓-½ in. long. + +Nile River (Island near Debba in Dongola Prov.); White Nile Prov. (J. +Arashkol); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (main river from Meshra El Rek to Lake +No); Niamniam-land (Nabambisso River); Bahr El Jebel (Madi Swamps). + + +=R. Heuglini= _Hochst._ + +Small branched herb. Leaves lin.-lanceolate to lanceolate, ½-2 in. long, +hispid or scabrid. Fl. axillary in upper leaves, solitary; calyx tubular +campanulate, ¼-½ in. long, 5-lobed; cor. white to mauve, tube ab. 1 in. +long, glandular, limb 1-2 in. diam, spreading, 5-lobed, 2 more connate. +Caps. obliquely ovoid ab. ⅓ in. long, beaked. + +Khartoum Prov. (near Khartoum); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Meshra El Rek); +Mongalla Prov. (Bor). + + +654 =Cycnium camporum= _Engl._ + +Tufted herb, up to 1 ft. high, pilose. Leaves lanc. to oblong- +lanceolate, 1-3 in. long, crenate-serrate. Fl. usually opp., supra- +axillary; calyx tubular, ½-⅔ in. long, campanulate in fruit, 10-ribbed, +hispid; cor. white or pale yellow, tube 1¾ in. long, glandular, gibbous, +limb 1¼ in. broad, spreading, 5-lobed. Caps. oblong ⅓ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: by the Wau River & Jur Ghattas, Niamniam- +land: Nabambisso River). + + +=C. adonense= _E. Meyer._ + +Robust scabrid herb, up to 1 ft. high. Leaves oblong or oblong- +lanceolate, 1-3 in. long, crenate to serrate. Fl. axillary; calyx +tubular, 1¼ in. long, densely hairy, 10-12 ribbed; cor. white or lilac, +tube 2-3 in. long, gibbous, glandular, limb 2-3 in. diam., spreading, +5-lobed. Caps. ovoid or elliptic, ½ in. long. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +=C. brachycalyx= _Schweinf._ + +Shrubby herb, pubescent all over, 1 ft. high; stems angular. Leaves +lanceolate, 2½ in. long, serrate dentate. Fl. solitary, opp., supra- +axillary; calyx campanulate, 1 in. long, 3 lobes broader than others; +cor. tube 1¼ in. long, limb ab. ½ in. diam., lobes 5, orbicular, +spreading. + +Kassala Prov. (by Gendua River). + + +655 =Sopubia ramosa= _Hochst._ + +Scabrid undershr., 2-4 ft. high. Leaves in whorls of 3-4, linear or +lin.-lanceolate, up to 1½ in. long. Fl. terminal racemose in whorls of +3-4; cor. coppery-purple or white with purple spot at base of each lobe, +ab. ½ in. long, tube short, limb spreading, lobes 5, obovate; anthers 4, +coherent in pairs. Caps. ovoid, ¼ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: at Nganye & Bongo-land: at Sabbi); +Darfur Prov. (Jebel Marra, 6,500-7,500 ft.). + + +=S. simplex= _Hochst._ + +Pubescent herb, branching from base, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves alt. or +ternate, ⅙-1 in. long, appressed, scabrid. Fl. alt. or whorled in +terminal racemes, up to 1 ft. long; cor. pink, or reddish-brown, under ½ +in. long, limb spreading, lobes 5, obovate. Caps. ovoid, ¼ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Sueh River, Mittu-land: near +Kuffulu-Ku); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +=S. parviflora= _Engl._ + +Annual, 1-2 ft. high; stem 4-angled. Leaves opp., filiform, ⅓-¾ in. +long, revolute, scabrid. Fl. in terminal racemes; cor. pale-brown, +purple at throat, ⅓ in. long, lobes 5, spreading, obovate. Caps. +subglobose, minute. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +656 =Micrargeria scopiformis= _Engl._ + +Rigid herb, 1-2½ ft. high, branching like a broom. Leaves opp., +filiform, ¼-2 in. long, scabrid. Fl. in terminal racemes, 1-6 in. long; +cor. pale purple, streaked dark purple at base of tube which is exserted +and enlarged above, ab. ⅓ in. long, limb spreading, 5-lobed, lobes +suborbicular ab. ⅙ in. wide. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, Bongo-land: Sabbi). + + + =OROBANCHACEÆ.= + + +657 =Cistanche lutea= _Hoffmgg._ & _Link._ ERG EL TUNDUB (Khartoum), +NAR EL FIL (Atbara), ERG EL MOYA, also ERG EL SHAGAT (Fung), HALUK, +TURFAS & SIBB EL ARD—Arab. + +Fleshy root-parasite with spirally arranged scale-like leaves and yellow +flowers; st. 4 didynamous; anthers bearded. + +Red Sea Prov.; Berber Prov. (Atbara); Khartoum, Blue Nile & Fung +Provinces. + +Parasitic on _Capparis decidua_, _Acacia arabica_, _Zizyphus_, etc. + + +658 =Orobanche cernua= _Loef._ =var. Desertorum= _Beck._ + +Stout parasitic herb, up to 16 in. high, covered with glandular and +cobweb-like pubescence and scaly leaves. Spikes cylindric, many- +flowered, 8 in. long; cor. bluish-white, ¾ in. long, 2-lipped, upper 2- +and lower 3-lobed. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.). + + +=O. ramosa= _Linn._ HALUK—Arab. + +Slender branched herb, 1 ft. high, glandular-hairy; scales ovate to +ovate-lanceolate, ¼-½ in. long. Fl. in spikes; cor. pale-yellow with a +blueish limb, ab. ½ in. long, upper lip 2-lobed, lower 3-lobed. + +Khartoum Prov. (Khartoum). + +Parasitic on Tomatoes. + + + =LENTIBULARIACEÆ (Bladder-worts).= + + +659 =Utricularia exilis= _Oliver._ + +Delicate dwarf herb; stems creeping filiform; leaves narrowly spathulate +or ligulate, ¼ in. long, deciduous before flowering, with small bladders +attached to stem and leaves, scape 1-2 in. high, 2-3 flowered; cor. +white, yellow or purple, 2-lipped, ab. ⅙ in. long; st. 2. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=U. Schweinfurthii= _Baker._ + +Delicate twining annual. Leaves unknown. Scapes filiform, twining, up to +6 in. long; fl. up to 6, distant; cor. pale-purple, 2-lipped, spurred; +st. 2. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir). + + +=U. subulata= _Linn._ + +Herb, 3-4 in. high, giving out bladder-bearing runners verticillately +from base of scape. Leaves lin.-lanceolate, rosulate at base of scape, ¼ +in. long. Scape 1-6 flowered; cor. yellow, ¼ in. long, 2-tipped, +spurred; st. 2. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas) (Sub-terrestrial). + + +=U. Thonningii= _Schumach._ + +Floating aquatic herb, ab. 1 ft. long. Stem slender bearing verticils of +bladder-bearing pectinate-filiform leaves and scapes bearing near their +base a verticil of up to 6 spindle-shaped floats and above 3 to many +flowers. Sepals 2, enlarged in fruit; cor. pinkish, 2-lipped and +spurred; st. 2. + +White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol, near Abba Island, & Lake Tura Um Kenen); +Bahr El Jebel (Sudd); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post). + + +=U. stellaris= _Linn. f._ + +Much like above, but flowers yellow. + +White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol & Um Kenen); Upper White Nile Prov. +(Tonga); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir, & Jur-land: Wau). + + +=U. reflexa= _Oliver._ + +Floating aquatic herb. Leaves as above but bladders larger (up to ⅙ in. +long), up to 8 to a leaf. Scapes without floats, 1-6 in. long, 1-3 +flowered; cor. yellow, ⅓ in. long, 2-lipped, spurred. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Main River). + + +=U. exoleta= _R. Br._ + +Small aquatic plant; stems filiform. Leaves with few slender segments or +replaced by small bladders. Scapes floatless, 2-3 in. long, 2-3 +flowered; cor. yellow, ¼ in. long, 2-lipped and spurred. Caps. globose +exceeding calyx. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); White Nile Prov.; Upper White Nile +Prov. (Khor Attar); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Meshra El Rek & Ghabat El +Arab, on Main River). + + +=U. incerta= _Kam._ + +Floating aquatic herb; stems long, filiform. Leaves bipinnate, pinnæ ¼ +in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Main River). + + + =BIGNONIACEÆ.= + + +660 =Spathodea nilotica= _Seem._ The African “Tulip-tree.” + +Tree, ab. 20 ft. high. Leaves opp. or ternate, 5-16 in. long; leaflets +9-15, ovate-oblong, 1½-4 in. long, pubescent below. Fl. in dense +terminal corymbose racemes; calyx boat-shaped, 2 in. long; cor. orange- +scarlet, 3-4½ in. long, 2-lipped. Caps. 8 in. long, lanceolate-oblong; +seeds winged, 1 in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Manisilli Brook); Mongalla +Prov. + +A very handsome tree. The wood is white and very soft; density 0.363. + + +661 =Stereospermum kunthianum= _Cham._ KHASHKHASH & KHASHKHASH ABIAD +(Fung), SAMR (Kordn.), & SUWEID (Medani)—Arab; TETERLING (J. Daier), +KARII (J. Eliri), & N’DULA (Kadugli)—Nuba; LUJURUT—Bari; WULIADO (Bahr +El Ghazal), & KONGGOGOI (Goz El Siada)—Dinka; CHOKO—Golo; FUNNA—Burun; +BARISANGO—Zande. + +Tree up to 50 ft. high, with light-coloured flaking bark. Leaves opp. +imparipinnate 6-14 in. long; leaflets 5-9 ovate or elliptic-oblong, 1½-5 +in. long. Fl. in terminal large cymose panicles; cor. pink with carmine +lines, 1½ in. long, tube funnel-shaped; st. 4. Caps. cylindric, 1-2 ft. +long; seeds 2-winged. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli, Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (Jebelein); +Kordofan Prov. (Rahad); Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat River & Goz El +Siada); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land, near Old Wau, Chakchak, & +Niamniam-land); Darfur Prov. (Kordofan borders 13° N. Lat.; J. Marra; +Kallo Kitting, 4,000 ft.); Mongalla Prov. + +Timber whitish, very hard. + + +662 =Kigelia æthiopica= _Decne._ ABUSHUTŪR, ABU SIDRA, UMSHUTUR & +MASHTURA—Arab; TIMLA (Dilling)—Nuba; KUBULI—Bari; RĀWAR (Kenissa) & +RUWĀL (Jonglei)—Dinka; GAFA—Golo; NAK & LUEL—Nuer; RANGBARANGBO—Zande. +The “Sausage-tree.” + +Large tree. Leaves ternate, pinnate; leaflets 7-11, oblong-elliptic or +obovate, coriaceous, 3-5 in. long. Fl. in long pendulous, lax panicles. +Calyx campanulate, 2-lipped 1 in. long; cor. purple-maroon, 3 in. long; +st. 4 and 1 staminode. Fr. subcylindric up to 2 ft. long, 3-4 in. broad, +pendulous on long peduncles; seeds wingless, thick. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli & Jongol’s +Post); Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat River); Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (many parts); Mongalla Prov. + +Wood, heavy, hard, yellowish with red spots, hard to work. Branch-wood +used for bows. The ashes of the fruit are considered an efficient +substitute for boracic powder for cleansing wounds of animals. + + +=K. æthiopica= _Decne._ =var. abyssinica= _Spr._ + +Corolla smaller; the cylindric basal portion of tube 1 in. long. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli). + + + =PEDALIACEÆ.= + + +663 =Rogeria adenophylla= _Gay._ SIMSIM AFRĪT (Kordn.), & SAKARAN—Arab; +SUKOSUKO (J. Ghulfan)—Nuba. + +Stout and tall woody herb. Leaves opp., broadly obovate, more or less +3-lobed 2-4 in. long, mealy glandular, dentate. Fl. 1-3 in axils of +leaves, ped. short with a gland at base of each; cor. maroon, ab. 2 in. +long, tube funnel-shaped, gibbous at base, limb ¾ in. diam., 5-lobed. +Caps. obliquely ovoid with 4 to 8 spines at base. + +Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, J. Waratab); Berber Prov. (Atbara); Khartoum +Prov. (J. Auli); Blue Nile Prov. (Rufaa, Sennar); White Nile Prov. (J. +Arashkol, banks of the White Nile, El Dueim to Tonga, Upper White Nile +Prov., Rocky hills); Kordofan Prov. + +The plant affords a mucilaginous infusion which is useful in cases of +diarrhœa. + + +664 =Sesamum angustifolium= _Engl._ + +Tall herb. Leaves lin.-lanceolate 1-3 in. long, pubescent above, +glaucous below. Fl. solitary, axillary; cor. pink, obliquely +campanulate, 1-1½ in. long, obscurely 2-lipped. Caps. ¾ in. long, +oblong, beaked. + +Banks of the White Nile; Darfur Prov. (Kulme); Mongalla Prov. +(Mongalla). + + +=S. radiatum= _Schumach._ + +Mealy-glandular herb. Lower leaves ovate, toothed, 2½ in. long, upper +lanceolate, up to 4 in. long. Fl. solitary, axillary; cor. purple and +white, 1½ in. long, obliquely campanulate, 2-lipped, lowest lobe ⅓ in. +long. Caps. 1 in. long, shortly beaked, pubescent. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur). + + +=S. indicum= _Linn._ SIMSIM—Arab; NIUM—Nuer; SĀRAH—Zande. Sesame. + +Mealy glandular and pubescent herb, up to 6 ft. high. Leaves variable, +the lowest 3-partite, 3-6 in. long, pet. 4-6 in., gradually passing +above to lanceolate, 2-4 in. long with shorter pet.; cor. white, tinged +with pink, 1 in. long. Caps. 1 in. long, with short deltoid beak. + +Cultivated. Berber Prov. (Korkos Island between Berber & Khartoum); +White Nile Prov. (sub-wild on rocky hills); Fung Prov. (cultivated); +Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Kulme); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. + +Cultivated for its seed which yields the valuable Sesame seed of +commerce. Also wild or sub-wild on rocky hills near the White Nile. + + +=S. alatum= _Thonn._ SIMSIM—Arab. + +Glabrous herb, 2-3 ft. high; stems quadrangular. Leaves varying from +5-fol. below to simple, lin.-lanceolate above, all long-petioled. Cor. +pink to carmine, spotted in throat, 1 in. long, obliquely campanulate, +2-lipped, lobes subequal. Caps. 2 in. long; beak slender, up to ½ in. +Seeds 2-winged, wing orbicular. + +Cultivated. Berber Prov. (Atbara); Khartoum Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. +Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (Um Gash, & between Aguri & Taiara); Darfur +Prov. (20 m. N. of Fasher). + + +665 =Ceratotheca sesamoides= _Endl._ WEIKAT EL BADEIB (N. Kordn.)—Arab. + +Glaucous, bushy herb, ½-2 ft. high. Leaves deltoid to hastate, densely +mealy-glandular. Fl. solitary, axillary; cor. pale-lilac, throat yellow +with purple lines, ab. 1 in. long, obscurely 2-lipped, lower lobes ¾ in. +long. Caps. ½-¾ in. long, hairy, furnished with 2 apical horns. + +White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (Obeid, Taiara); Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Darfur Prov. (Kulme). + +It is eaten as a vegetable. + + + =ACANTHACEÆ.= + + +666 =Thunbergia affinis= _S. Moore._ + +Woody herb, 6-7 ft. high. Leaves opp. as in all this family, ovate, +acuminate, 4½ in. long; pet. ¾ in. with 2 thorns at base. Fl. solitary, +enclosed by 2 ovate bracteoles, giving a false appearance of a calyx, 1¼ +in. long; calyx lobes 5 dotted with white scales; cor. tube yellow, 1¾ +in. long; lobes violet, ½ in. long. Caps. 1 in. long, beaked. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: +Naporruporru River). + + +=T. annua= _Hochst._ + +Hairy marsh herb. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, 4 in. long, sessile. Fl. +solitary on short peduncle; bracteoles 2, ovate, keeled; cor. white (?), +tube ½ in. long; lobes 5, ⅛ in. long; st. 4, anthers with 2 spurs at +base. Caps. beaked. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan +Prov. (Abu Gerad). + + +=T. annua= _Hochst._ =var. Ruspolii= _Burkill._ + +More hairy. Leaves subtruncate at base; bracteoles hirsute. + +Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf). + + +=T. hispida= _Solm._ + +Hispidly white herb; stems 4-angled. Leaves elliptic-oblong, 1 in. long. +Fl. solitary; bracteoles 2, ovate-acuminate; cor. white, lobes 5; st. 4, +anthers 2-spurred below. Caps. 1 in. long, glandular. + +Fung Prov. (Roseires); Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat River: between +Abwong and Nasser). + + +=T. alata= _Boj._ + +Climbing, pilose herb. Leaves ovate sagittate or hastate, 2½ in. long; +pet. 1-2 in. long, winged. Fl. solitary on 2 in. long peduncles; +bracteoles ovate, 1 in. long; cor. tube claret-coloured 1/5 in. long; +lobes 5, yellow to white, ab. ½ in. long; anthers 4, 2 upper ones +1-spurred, 2 lower 2-spurred. Caps. ¾ in. long, seeds 4. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River); Mongalla Prov. +(Yei River). + + +=T. Schweinfurthii= _S. Moore._ + +Strigose herb. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, 2½ in. long, hastate. Fl. +solitary, peduncles ab. 1 in. long; bracteoles ovate-lanceolate, white +with green veins. Cor. 1¼ in. long, lobes small; st. 4, 2 anthers +1-spurred. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: near Zeriba Kutshuk Ali). + + +667 =Elytraria crenata= _Vahl._ + +Dwarf pubescent herb. Leaves alt., crowded near the base, 2-7 in. long, +spathulate or oblanceolate, crenate or sinuate. Scapes several, 2-9 in. +high, covered with small bracts; spikes simple or compound; bracteoles +2; calyx 4-partite; cor. white or pale blue, ⅓ in. long, 2-lipped, +5-lobed. Caps. ovoid, ⅙ in. long. + +Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: by the Yuru River). + + +668 =Nelsonia campestris= _R. Br._ + +Small villous, diffuse herb. Leaves opp., elliptic, variable in size. +Spikes 1-3 in. long imbricated; bracts ovate; bracteoles 0; cor. usually +pale lilac or white, 2-lipped, 5-lobed; st. 2. Caps. oblong, ¼ in. long. + +Fung Prov. (Roseires and Fazoghli); Upper White Nile Prov. (Taufikia); +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land, Mvolo and Ngama, Niamniam-land, +Nabambisso River); Mongalla Prov. + + +669 =Hygrophila spinosa= _T. Anders._ MASHIKA & SHUEIKA (Meshra El +Zeraf)—Arab; TĪL (or ATIL) (Meshra El Zeraf & Kenissa)—Dinka. + +Bushy spiny herb, growing in marshy ground. Leaves oblanceolate, hispid, +3-4 in. long, opp. or whorled with 6 spines 1 in. long at their base. +Fl. in dense axillary clusters with many linear or lanceolate bracts; +cor. mauve, 2-lipped, upper one forming a hood, tube ½ in. long, lip ⅓ +in. long. Caps. ⅓ in. long; seeds 4-8, placed on small brackets +(retinacula) and covered with fine hairs (hygroscopic) which uncurl when +wetted. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Fung. Prov. (Fazoghli); White Nile +Prov. (Jebelein southwards, J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (several +places); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Ghabat El Arab and Bongo-land); Mongalla +Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Zalingei). + +The whole plant or its ashes and the roots are used as a cooling +medicine and diuretic in cases of hepatic obstruction, dropsy, +rheumatism, etc. The seeds are demulcent and diuretic. + + +=H. cærulea= _T. Anders._ + +Bushy pilose herb. Leaves narrowly obovate, ½-¾ in. long, sessile. Fl. +in short terminal spikes; bracts linear; calyx segments 5, filiform, ¼ +in. long; cor. ⅔ in. long, 2-lipped, upper hooded; st. 4 unequal. Caps. +¼ in. long, many seeded; seeds as above. + +White Nile Prov. (J. Musa, El Ehs); Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. El Glet and Um +Kheren). + + +670 =Dyschoriste Perrottetii= _O. Kuntze._ + +Undershr. 3-4 ft. high. Leaves lanceolate, up to 3½ in. long. Fl. 3-8, +clustered; bracteoles 2, lin.-oblong; calyx ⅓ in. long, 5-partite; cor. +½ in. long, tube inflated, lobes 5, subequal. Caps. ab. ⅓ in. long; +seeds 4, hygroscopic. + +Fung. Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: River Tidju, +Mittu-land). + + +671 =Ruellia patula= _Jacq._ + +Small shrub. Leaves in subequal pairs, ovate or elliptic, ½-2½ in. long, +grey-pubescent. Cymes small, axillary, enclosed in ¾ in. long +spathulate-oblong bracteoles; cor. mauve or white, 1⅓ in. long, tube +inflated, lobes 5, subequal, spreading. Caps. ½ in. long, club-shaped; +seeds ab. 12, hygroscopic. + +Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Nubian coast); Khartoum Prov. (J. Royan); White +Nile Prov. (Jebelein); Kordofan Prov.; Mongalla Prov.; Darfur Prov. +(Jebel Marra, Niurnya, 6,500 ft.). + + +=R. prætermissa= _Lindau._ + +Much as above. Leaves somewhat larger and more pointed, nearly glabrous. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, & Bongo-land: Gir & Niamniam-land). + + +=R. genduana= _C. B. Clarke._ + +Small shrub. Leaves up to 3 in. long, elliptic-lanceolate or orbicular, +glabrous. Caps. hairy otherwise as above. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Gendua River). + + +672 =Paulowilhelmia sclerochiton= _Lindau._ + +Shrub. Leaves ovate, toothed, long petioled. Fl. in scorpioid, axillary, +lax cymes or terminal panicles; calyx 5-part., ½ in. long; cor. tube 1 +in. long, inflated, lobes 5, subequal. Caps. under ½ in. long; seeds 4, +hygroscopic. + +Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Assika River). + + +673 =Phaylopsis falcisepala= _C. B. Clarke._ + +Branched herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves opp., often unequal and oblique, +ovate, acuminate, up to 3 in. long. Fl. sessile in threes, in axils of +large dense imbricated bracts in a close one-sided inflor.; sepals 5 of +which 2 are falcate; cor. white or purplish, tube ¼ in., lobes 5, +2-lipped. Caps. ¼ in. long; seeds 4, hygroscopic. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir). + + +=P. Barteri= _T. Anders._ + +Shrubby herb 1-3 ft. high. Leaves ovate to oblong, acuminate both ends, +up to 4½ in. long. Fl. in dense imbricate (strobilate) spikes 2½ in. +long; calyx segments 5, from elliptic to linear; cor. tube ⅓ in. long, +inflated above. Caps. and seeds as above. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Addai & Dimo in Jur-land). + + +674 =Satanocrater fellatensis= _Schwfth._ + +Undershrub. Leaves elliptic or broad-lanceolate, 3 in. long. Fl. +solitary, opp. in the leaf-axils; calyx tubular, inflated, 5-angled and +5-toothed, 1 in. long; cor. blue, tube inflated, ab. 2 in. long, lobes +5, subequal, ½ in. long; st. 4. Caps. oblong; seeds 4 discoid and +hygroscopic. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Fellata village). + + +675 =Hemigraphis abyssinica= _C. B. Clarke._ + +Pubescent wiry herb. Leaves elliptic, ⅔ in. long, subsessile. Fl. in +axillary clusters and quasi-terminal spikes; sepals 5, hairy, ¼ in. +long; cor. ¼ in. long, tubular and 5-lobed; st. 4. Caps. cylindric; +seeds 6-12, hygroscopic on stout retinacula. + +Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov. (El Ehs); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (between +Chak Chak & Deim Zubeir). + + +=H. Schweinfurthii= _C. B. Clarke._ + +Pubescent herb, ½-1 ft. high. Leaves lanceolate, up to 2 in. long, +tapering to both ends. Fl. much as above. + +Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat River: mouth of Khor Filus); Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Sabbi, & Mittu-land: Rivers Roa & Wokko). + + +676 =Blepharis bœrhaaviæfolia= _Pers._ + +Procumbent shrubby herb. Leaves 4-nate in distant whorls, elliptic, 1½ +in. long, sessile. Fl. in axil of terminal bract in a bracteate spike; +bract ⅓ in. long, spathulate with 7-15 spines at margin; cor. blue, ½ +in. long, 1-lipped. Caps. ¼ in. long; seeds 2, hygroscopic. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Bongo-land: Roah River). + + +=B. linariifolia= _Pers._ BEGHEIL or UM BEGEIL—Arab. + +Low growing woody herb. Leaves linear, up to 3 in. long. Bracteate +spikes in the axils of the branches, 1-3 in. long; bracts up to 1 in. +long, ovate abruptly pointed and recurved, with 6 brown spines; +bracteoles linear; cor. deep blue, 1 in. long, 1-lipped; st. 4; anthers +hairy, filaments of 2 antichous stamens bearing a horn-like appendage. +Capsule ovoid; seeds 2, hygroscopic. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Darfur +Prov. (Kulme). + +It is said to be the favourite food of Oryx leucoryx and of camels. + + +=B. edulis= _Pers._ + +Bushy woody herb. Leaves 4-nate, up to 2 in. long, 1 pair smaller, +oblong or narrow elliptic, spinescent. Fl. in strobilate spikes up to 4 +in. long; bracts 1½ in. long, ovate, acuminate, recurved, spiny; cor. +blue, ¾ in. long. Caps. ¼ in. long; seeds 2, hygroscopic. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L., coastland); Nubia (between North Atbara, Khors +in Desert); Khartoum Prov. (rocky hills); Kordofan Prov. + +A good camel fodder. + + +677 =Acanthus arboreus= _Forsk._ + +Stout shrub, up to 20 ft. high. Leaves spinous lobed or sub-pinnatifid, +up to 12 × 6 in. Spikes 1-3, terminal, up to 10 in. long, by 2 in. +broad; bracts 1½ in. long, spinous as well as (2) bracteoles; calyx +spiny, 4-fid; cor. rose or pale purple, 1¾ in. long, 1-lipped. Caps. ¾ +in. long; seeds glabrous. + +Blue Nile Prov. (Fazoghli). + + +=A. montanus= _T. Anders._ + +Up to 3 ft. high, otherwise much as above, but flowers and capsule +larger and leaves caudate. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +678 =Barleria candida= _Nees._ + +Prickly undershrub with long white tubular flowers. Seeds shaggy, +hygroscopic as all in this genus. + +Khartoum Prov. (rocky hills). + + +=B. Prionitis= _Linn._ + +Bushy herb, ab. 18 in. high. Leaves elliptic, usually ab. 3-4 in. long +with fascicles of spines at their base. Fl. axillary, solitary or 2 +together; cor. buff-coloured, 2-lipped, 1-1½ in. long. Caps. ovoid, +beaked, 2-seeded. + +Nuba Mts. Prov. (J. Daier). + +It is said to yield a gum. In India the juice of the leaves is used in +catarrhal affections of children. It is also used to harden the feet and +thus prevent the soles from cracking. + + +=B. diacantha= _Nees._ + +Very similar to preceding but spines often paired and about 1 in. long. + +No locality (fide Mrs. Crowfoot). + + +=B. trispinosa= _Vahl._ OT-HAUK—Hadendowa. + +Bushy herb; interpetiolar spines 2-3 together, up to 1 in. long. Fl. in +terminal imbricate heads 1-2 in. long, yellow, 2-lipped, otherwise as +above. + +Red Sea Prov. (near Erkowit). + + +=B. grandicalyx= _Lindau._ + +Hispid herb, 1 ft. high. Leaves obovate-oblong, 2 in. long; interpet. +spines ⅓ in. long. Fl. solitary; calyx ¾ in. spinous; cor. pale blue, +tube ¾ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir, Wau, Mittu-land: Rohl River); +Upper White Nile Prov. + + +=B. acanthoides= _Vahl._ + +Prickly, densely white-hairy undershr. Leaves elliptic-oblong, 1-2 in. +long; interpet. spines 2-4 together. Racemes 2-8 fl., scorpioid; bracts +spinous; cor. white; tube 3 in. long; lobes ⅓ in. long. Caps. ½ in., +seeds 4. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Khartoum Prov.; Darfur Prov. (J. Barkin). + + +=B. spinulosa= _Klotzsch._ + +Tomentose and glandular-hairy herb. Leaves elliptic, up to 3 in. long. +Fl. in axillary compact bracteate racemes 1-8 flowered; bracts and +sepals ab. ½ in. long, spine-toothed; cor. pale-blue, ¾ in. long, lobes. +Caps. ½ in. long, seeds 4, hygroscopic. + +Nuba Mts. Prov. (Kadugli). + + +=B. parviflora= _R. Br._ + +Unarmed shrubby herb with appressed white hairs. Leaves elliptic-ovate, +up to 1¼ in. long, sessile. Cymes lax, 1-3 flowered; bracts ⅓ in. long, +broad lanceolate; 2 outer calyx segments ¼ in. long; cor. ⅔ in. long. +Caps. ⅓ in. long, pubescent, beaked; seeds 2, hygroscopic. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit). + + +=B. eranthemoides= _R. Br._ + +Spiny and bushy plant, not unlike _B. Prionitis_, but cor. tube 1 in. +long, linear to top; lobes 5, yellow, sub-equal, ⅓-½ in. long, not +2-lipped. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. + + +=B. Hochstetteri= _Nees._ + +Unarmed undershrub, with minute rough hairs. Leaves elliptic, ab. 1¾ in. +long; pet. short. Cymes few-flowered, lax; 2 outer calyx segments, +nearly ½ in. long, ovate; cor. tube ½ in. long, lobes ⅓-½ in. Caps. +nearly ½ in. long; seeds 2, hygroscopic. + +Between Suakin & Berber (Wadi Omareg); White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); +Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (J. Sungur). + + +=B. calophylla= _Lindau._ + +Unarmed herb, up to 1½ ft. high. Leaves oblong, up to 4 in. long, +sessile, rounded or cordate. Infl. in 1-3 flowered axillary racemes, +crowded at top into an oblong head; bracts ⅔ in. long; calyx segments +varying from 1 to 1½ in. long; cor. white or pinkish, tube 1½ in. long, +lobes 1¼ in. long. Caps. ¾ in; seeds 4. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Gumba & Bongo-land: Addai). + + +=B. ventricosa= _Nees._ + +Scrambling, spiny herb or undershr., 3-6 ft. high. Leaves strigose with +tawny hairs, up to 2 in. long, yellowish-green. Fl. in axillary cymes +forming a less dense head than above; bracts ½ in. long; sepals 5, +postichous one quadrate-oblong, ½ in. long; cor. ½ in. long, blue or +purple, funnel-shaped; lobes 5. Caps. ½ in. long, ellipsoid; seeds 2. + +Nuba Mts. Prov. (Khor Mashisha near Dilling). + + +=B. Grantii= _Oliv._ + +Scrambling herb or undershr. Leaves ovate, 2 in. long, hairy, dark +green. Cymes 1-2 flowered, axillary and running into terminal spikes; +bracts ¾ in. long, linear; postichous sepal ¾ in. long, ovate; cor. deep +purple; tube ⅔ in., long, inflated, lobes ⅔ in. long. Caps. ½ in. long; +seeds 2. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambe). + + +679 =Neuracanthus niveus= _S. Moore._ + +Undershrub. Leaves broadly elliptic, up to 4 in. long, white stellate- +tomentose beneath. Fl. in axillary sessile ovoid heads, white-hairy; +bracts ½ in. long; calyx 2-partite, antichous segment 2-fid, postichous +3-fid; cor. ⅔ in. long, funnel-shaped, lobes 5, triangular. Caps. ovoid, +beaked, small. Seeds 2-4 hygroscopic. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +680 =Crossandra nilotica= _Oliv._ + +Herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves elliptic, up to 4 in. long. Fl. in imbricate, +bracteate spikes, 1-2½ in. long; bracts ab. ½ in. long, obovate- +elliptic; calyx 5-partite, postichous segment with 2 hairy teeth; cor. +brick-red, tube ¾ in. long, lobes 5, ½ in. long. Caps. ⅓ in. long, +elliptic; seeds 4, hygroscopic. + +Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat River: Itang); Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + +=var. acuminata= _Lindau._ + +Tip of bracts more acute than above. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit: near Biselli). + + +=C. subacaulis= _C. B. Clarke._ + +Almost acaulescent herb. Leaves basal, crowded, obovate, up to 6 in. +long, sessile. Fl. on peduncles up to 5 in. long, bearing loose spikes +up to 4 in. long; bracts 5-9 nerved, otherwise fl. as in above. + +Upper White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur & Bongo lands); +Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla); Moru-land. + + +681 =Asystasia coromandeliana= _Nees._ + +Herb up to 4 ft. high. Leaves ovate, 3 in. long, suddenly narrowed at +base. Racemes 2-6 in. long, often forming a terminal panicle; cor. lilac +to yellow or white; tube ¾ in. long, inflated; limb 5-fid; st. 4, each +1-2 spurred. Caps. 1 in. long; seeds 4, not hygroscopic. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli, Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: +Mvolo); Mongalla Prov.; Darfur (Kulme). + + +682 =Eranthemum decurrens= _Nees._ + +Herb or undershr. Leaves ovate, 4-9 in. long, decurrent into petiole. +Fl. 1-3 together on bracteate 4-6 in. long spikes pubescent and with +stalked glands; bracts minute; sepals small, equal; cor. yellow with red +centre, tube 1 in. long; perfect st. 2. Caps. 1 in. long; seeds 4, +hairless. + +Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Dimo). + + +=E. hypocrateriforme= _Roem._ & _Schultes._ ERG EL NIMR—Arab; +MERZIS—Hameg. + +Shrub, 3-4 ft. high. Leaves ovate or elliptic, 3½ in. long, white- +dotted. Panicles linear, 2-7 in. long; axillary cymes dense; cor. +scarlet, tube 1 in. long, lobes 5 spreading, ½ in. long; perfect st. 2. +Caps. 1¼ in. long; seeds 4, hairless. + +Fung Prov. + +The root ground to a paste is given in merissa for stomach-ache. + + +683 =Lepidagathis scariosa= _Nees._ + +Herb, woody below. Leaves elliptic to ovate, 2 in. long, grey hairy +beneath. Fl. in terminal ovoid heads, with soft prickles and gland- +tipped hairs; cor. 2-lipped, 1 in. long; st. 4; caps. ⅓ in. long; seeds +4, hygroscopic. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (30 miles E. of +Zalingei). + + +=L. Schweinfurthii= _Lindau._ + +Low herb, woody below. Leaves linear, 4 in. long, crowded at base except +on 1 or more elongated leaf-bearing shoots, ab. 6 in. long. Fl. mostly +in dense hairy radical heads; cor. white with purple spots, ⅔ in. long; +st. 4; seeds hygroscopic. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=L. radicalis= _Nees._ + +Differs from above by more hairy, shorter and slightly broader leaves. + +Nuba Mts. Prov. (Ghebeish near J. Eliri); Mongalla Prov.; Darfur Prov. +(Jebel Marra: Goluberi Volcano, 8,000 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land). + + +=L. myrtifolia= _S. Moore._ + +Woody plant, apparently rooting on trees or rocks, ab. 2-3 ft. high; +branches flexuous. Leaves elliptic, 1 in. long, subsessile. Fl. in +radical and axillary dense ovoid white-hairy heads; bracts ⅓ in. long; +sepals 5; cor. 2-lipped, ⅓ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Gir). + + +=L. perglabra= _C. B. Clarke._ + +Glabrous except for margins of floral leaves. Leaves linear, 3-nerved, +3¼ in. long. Fl. in axillary heads. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Ngoli). + + +=L. peniculifera= _S. Moore._ + +Stout woody plant. Leaves linear, 1¼ in. long, tips acute, with long +white hairs. Spikes compound, 2 in. long, one-sided, 1 to 2 together; +bracts dense, leathery, ovate mucronate; sep. 5, ⅓ in. long, hairy and +leathery; cor. ⅔ in. long; st. 4. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: Reggo). + + +=L. Medusæ= _S. Moore._ + +Stout villous plant. Leaves 4 in. by ½ in., 5-nerved. Spikes unilateral, +compound, 1-2 together in upper axils, 1½ in. long; bracts ovate with +long deflexed white hairy tails; sepals 5, also with ⅓ in. long tails; +cor. ⅔ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Ngoli). + + +=L. laguroidea= _T. Anders._ + +Woody plant; young parts minutely pubescent. Leaves ovate to narrow- +elliptic, 2 in. long, narrowed both ends. Spikes terminal, 2 in. long, +not imbricate; bracts lin.-lanceolate; cor. ⅓ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: Mvolo). + + +684 =Justicia Betonica= _Linn._ + +Shrubby, nearly glabrous herb. Leaves ovate, acuminate to both ends, 3 +in. long. Spikes imbricate, 4½ in. long; bracts somewhat 4-ranked, +ovate, ⅓ in. long, white with green nerves; bracteoles similar, smaller; +cor. white, rose-spotted, ½ in. long, 2-lipped; st. 2, one anther cell +below the other, long-tailed. Caps. ½ in. long, hairy; seeds 4, rugose. + +Kordofan Prov. + + +=J. betonicoides= _C. B. Clarke._ + +As above, but leaves subsessile, oblong or lanceolate, hairy beneath and +on nerves above. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Mittu- & Bongo-lands). + + +=J. flava= _Vahl._ MAHBAB (White Nile Prov.)—Arab. + +Hairy herb, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, up to 3 in. long, +both surfaces hairy; pet. ⅔ in. long. Spikes terminal, 4-8 in. long, +sometimes interrupted at base; bracts ab. ½ in. long, lanceolate, +containing 1-3 fl., green, hairy; bracteoles similar but smaller; sep. +5, small, hairy; cor. yellow; st. 2, one anther cell below the other, +tailed. Caps. ⅓ in. long; seeds 4, shortly hairy. + +Red Sea Prov. (Khor Tamanib, Suakin & Erkowit); Fung Prov. (Saoleil); +White Nile Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf, Sobat: mouth +of Khor Filus). + + +=J. palustris= _T. Anders._ + +Leaves oblong tapering to both ends, 6½ in. long; pet. short, otherwise +much as above. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); White Nile Prov. (Jebel Arashkol); +Kordofan Prov. + + +=J. insularis= _T. Anders._ + +Scrambling hispid herb. Leaves lanceolate-oblong, 3½ in. long; pet. ¼-1 +in. long. Fl. 1-3 in axil of each bract; bracts round or obovate, ⅓ in. +long; cor. white with purple mark on lower lip which is 3-lobed and the +longer; st. 2 as above. Caps. ⅓ in., seeds 4, rugose. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambe). + + +=J. calcarata= _Hochst._ + +Herb with woody rootstock; branches with spreading hairs. Leaves 3 × 1 +in. tapering to both ends. Fl. 1-3 in axils of bracts; bracts ovate or +elliptic, ⅓ in. long; cor. purple, otherwise as above. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan +Prov. (El Obeid); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Gurfala). + + +=J. galeopsis= _T. Anders._ + +Much as _J. insularis_ but leaves oblong, subsessile, calyx more hispid; +cor. purple-red or yellow. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land); Darfur Prov. (Kulme, 3,600 ft.). + + +=J. sexangularis= _Lindau._ + +Herb, 18 in. high with 6-angled stem, scabrid hairy. Leaves oblong, up +to 2 in., subsessile. Fl. 1-3 in axils of oblong bracts; cor. purple, ½ +in. long. Caps. ab. ¼ in. long, hairy; seeds 4, tubercled. + +Kordofan Prov. (Melbes). + + +=J. Whytei= _S. Moore._ + +Hairy herb with stout woody rootstock. Leaves ovate to lanceolate. Fl. +1-3 in axils of bracts; cor. purple, ½ in. long. Caps. ¼ in. hairy; +seeds 4. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit). + + +=J. heterocarpa= _T. Anders._ + +Pubescent annual, 8-20 in. high. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, 1½ in. long; +pet. ½-¾ in. Fl. in axillary clusters of 2 to many; sepals minute, +white-hairy; cor. ¼ in. long. Caps. of 2 kinds in same head, one +4-seeded, normal, and one 1-seeded and spinous-winged. + +Red Sea Prov. (below Erkowit & 21° N. Lat.). + + +=J. odora= _Vahl._ + +Undershr., 1-2 ft. high. Leaves ovate or oblong, 1-3 in. long. Fl. +solitary to 3 in axils of bracts; cor. ½ in. long, yellow. Caps. ½ in. +long; seeds 4 tubercular-scabrous. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit). + + +=J. anselliana= _T. Anders._ ABU NUWARA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; ALUME +(Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka. + +Weak herb, 12 to 20 in. high. Leaves linear to lanceolate, 1¾ in. long +or ovate, ⅔ in. long. Fl. 2-8 in axillary scorpioid cymes; cor. ¼ in. +long. Caps. ⅓ in. long; seeds 4, wrinkled and more or less winged. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf +southwards, Sobat mouth); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Sabbi River); Bahr El +Jebel. + + +=J. matammensis= _Oliv._ + +Much like above; more pubescent and no leaves linear; cor. white. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Upper White +Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land); Mongalla Prov. +(Mongalla). + + +=J. uncinulata= _Oliv._ =var. tenuicapsa= _C. B. Clarke._ + +Rootstock woody; branches 4-6 in. long. Leaves elliptic or ovate ½-⅔ in. +long. Spikes axillary, unilateral with few distant solitary flowers; +cor. ab. ¼ in. long. Caps. ¼ in., slender, hispid near top; seeds 4, +rugose. + +Upper White Nile. + + +685 =Monechma hispidum= _Hochst._ SHAIIR (Goz El Siada)—Arab; TILL (Goz +El Siada)—Dinka; MELL—Burun. + +Herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves 3 × ¾ in., hispid-scabrous or glabrate. +Spikes hispid with long white hairs, 4 in. long in fruit; bracts 1 in. +long, oblong, bracteoles ¾ in.; sepals 5, ⅓ in. long; cor. white, +spotted purple, ½ in. long, 2-lipped; st. 2, 1 anther-cell below the +other, long-tailed, tail 2-fid. Caps. ⅓ in. long; seeds 2 with tufts of +hair at either end. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan +Prov. (El Obeid); Upper White Nile Prov. (Goz El Siada); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + + +=M. bracteatum= _Hochst._ FAKHAH (Sennar, Dinder)—Arab. + +Herb, 1-3 ft. high. Leaves lanceolate, up to 4 in. long. Spikes +strobilate (imbricate) 2 in. long, axillary or terminal; bracts round, +ciliate, enclosing calyx which is 1/5 in. long, hairy; cor. ½ in. long; +st. as above. Caps. ¼ in. long, white-hairy; seeds 2, yellow-brown. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung, Kordofan & Darfur Provinces; +Red Sea Prov. (Karora Hills). + + +=M. varians= _C. B. Clarke._ + +Herb with woody rootstock, up to 18 in. high. Leaves elliptic-oblong, up +to 2 in. long, subsessile. Spikes terminal, 1¼ in. long, dense; bracts +oblong-elliptic, ½ in. long; bracteoles ⅓ in. long; sepals 5, glandular- +hairy, one smaller; cor. ½ in. long; anthers short-tailed. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (between River Biri & Deim Zubeir). + + +686 =Ecbolium linneanum= _Kurz._ + +Shrub. Leaves narrowly oblong to broadly ovate, up to 3 in. long. Spikes +terminal, 4 in. long: bracts strobilate ¾ in. long, ovate, apiculate, +often pubescent; bracteoles ¼ in. long, linear; sepals 5, linear; cor. +tube ab. 1 in. long, limb 2-lipped, ½ in.; st. 2, anthers nearly equal +height. Caps. ¾ in. long; seeds 2, rough edged. + +Red Sea Prov. (Sinkat, Suakin, & 21° N. Lat.). + + +=E. Anisacanthus= _C. B. Clarke._ + +Small woody, densely white-hairy shrub. Leaves lin.-lanceolate, 1½ in. +long. Spikes terminal, 1¾ in. long, 8-12 flowered; bracts hardly +imbricate, elliptic, ½ in. long; bracteoles minute; calyx small, +2-lipped; cor. tube ⅓ in.; limb 2-lipped, ⅓ in. long. Anthers of equal +height. Caps ⅓ in. long; seeds 2, yellow, smooth, shining. + +Red Sea Prov. (Khor Ashat & Erkowit); Between Suakin & Berber (Wadi +Omari). + + +687 =Dicliptera maculata= _Nees._ + +Herb, 2-3 ft. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, 3½ in. long; pet. 1 in. Peduncles +axillary and terminal, 1-3 in. long; pedicels many, ¾ in. long; outer +bract under ½ in., elliptic, pubescent; bracteoles 2; sep. 5, ⅙ in. +long; cor. purple to white, deeply 2-lipped, ¾ in. long; st. 2, one +anther cell above the other. Caps. small, ovoid; seeds 2 or 4. + +Æthiopia. + + +=D. micranthes= _Nees._ RAKAB—Arab. + +Tall herb; stems 6-angled; angles whitened. Leaves elliptic, 3 in. long, +narrowed both ends. Spikelets in dense globose heads, ½-¾ in. diam., +terminal and axillary; 2 bracts of the spikelet ab. ⅓ in. long, obovate- +lanceolate, suddenly narrowed into a spinescent mucro, with long white +hair; bracteoles shorter, linear; sepals 5, small; cor. ab. ½ in. long, +mauve. Caps. ⅙ in. long, somewhat hairy; seeds up to 4, tubercled. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov.; Upper White +Nile Prov. (Khor Attar, Meshra El Zeraf). + + +=D. nilotica= _C. B. Clarke._ + +Herb, 4-8 in. high, pubescent. Leaves elliptic-oblong, up to 2 in. long. +Flower heads dense, small, terminal, or the axillary heads peduncled; +bracts lin.-oblong, hairy; sepals 5, small; cor. rose-purple to white, ¾ +in. long, 2-lipped, lips unusually broad; 1 anther cell above the other. + +Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + + +688 =Peristrophe bicalyculata= _Nees._ HERSHA (White Nile) & NA’ANA’A +(N. Kordn.)—Arab. + +Tall, glabrous or hispid herb, branches 4-7 angular. Leaves elliptic- +lanceolate, up to 4 in. long. Panicles often 12-18 in. long, very lax, +much divided, spikelets with 1 perfect fl.; bracts 2, enclosing the +calyx and ⅓ in. long; bracteoles 2, calyx small; cor. pale-purple, ½ in. +long, 2-lipped; st. 2, 1 anther cell above the other. Caps. ⅓ in. long; +seeds 4, smooth or papillose. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat.); Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov. (Rufaa); +Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Jebel Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (Hilla Nu, +Bara, etc.); Mongalla Prov. + +The Plant, macerated in water, is said to be a useful remedy for snake- +bite. + + +=P. luteoviridis= _C. B. Clarke._ + +Stout yellow-green herb. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, nearly 4 in. long, +narrowed both ends. Fl. clustered in dense spikes 3 in. long; spikelets +1-flowered; bracts and bractlets ½ in. long; calyx ⅓ in. long; cor. +rose, purple spotted, 1 in. long, 2-lipped; st. 2, anther cells nearly +at equal height. Caps. ¾ in. long; seeds 4, smooth, discoid. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit: Deim Bekir & Niamniam-land). + + +689 =Hypoestes cancellata= _Nees._ MAHALAB (Baggara)—Arab; EMBEILU +(Kadugli)—Nuba. + +More or less hairy herb; stems 2 ft. high, bent at the joints. Leaves +oblong, up to 2 in. long. Heads mainly terminal, 1½ in. long, in dense +congested panicles, yellow, hispid; spikeless 1-flowered; bracts ½ in. +long, including a linear tail; cor. red ¾ in. long, 2-lipped. Caps. ¼ +in. long; seeds 4, tubercled. + +Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Addai). + + +=H. strobilifera= _S. Moore._ + +Pubescent herb, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves lin.-oblong, 5½ in. long. Heads +terminal, 1 in. long, densely strobilate; outer floral leaves +spathulate-obovate, with 1-3 spikelets under each; bracts 1/5 in.; sep. +small; cor. pale-lilac, ⅔ in. long, deeply 2-lipped; st. 2; anthers +1-celled, blunt. Caps. ⅓ in.; seeds 4, tubercled. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Addai). + + +=H. Forskalei= _R. Br._ + +Nearly glabrous undershrub. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, 2 in. +long. Infl. axillary, forming a terminal panicle; spikelets in +unilateral cymes, 1½ in. long; 2 outer bracts connate; cor. mauve with +purple spots in throat, ½ in. long, deeply 2-lipped, upper lip and +central lobe of lower curled back; st. 2, abruptly club-shaped, +filaments with purple hairs. Caps. ¼ in. long; seeds 2, smooth. + +Kordofan Prov. (Abu Hefe); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra & over 6,500 ft.). + + +=H. verticillaris= _R. Br._ ABU FAS (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab. + +Stem with long and gland-tipped hairs mixed. Leaves ovate, sharply +narrowed to both ends, ab. 3 in. long. Bracts fringed with white hairs, +otherwise as above. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Fung Prov. (Roseires); White Nile, +Kordofan & Mongalla Provinces. + +The roots are used at Meshra El Zeraf for dyeing mats. + + + =VERBENACEÆ.= + + +690 =Lantana viburnoides= _Vahl._ + +Erect hairy shrub. Leaves opp., ovate, 3-4 in. long, crenate. Spikes +dense, axillary, up to 1½ in. long; bracts ovate, up to ¼ in. long; +calyx 5-toothed, campanulate, small; cor. white, 5-lobed, ⅙ in. long. +Drupe fleshy, purple, size of a pea. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla). + + +=L. salvifolia= _Jacq._ + +Hairy shrub. Leaves opp., ovate, 1-2 in. long, crenate. Spikes globose +to oblong, 1 in. long; bracts ovate, ¼ in. long; cor. lilac or pink, ⅓ +in. long; limb patent ⅙ in. diam.; st. 4, didynamous. Drupe purple, +edible. + +Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Has Has & Khor Tamanib); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam-land). + + +=L. petitiana= _Rich._ + +Hispid undershrub. Leaves opp., ovate, ½ in. long, crenate. Heads +globose, ⅓ in. diam.; bracts ovate, ⅙ in. long; cor. lilac, tube ⅙ in. +long, limb small, 5-lobed; st. and drupe as above. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas & Niamniam-land: Nabambisso +River). + + +691 =Lippia nodiflora= _Rich._ LIBBIA—Arab. + +Trailing herb, rooting at the nodes. Leaves opp. or fascicled, obovate, +dentate in upper half. Spikes globose to oblong, ¼ in. diam.; bracts +small; cor. small, purplish. + +Red Sea Prov. (coast); Khartoum & Blue Nile Provinces. + +Suited for an edging plant in gardens and used for lawns. + + +=L. Radula= _Baker._ + +Woolly herb, 3-4 ft. high. Leaves ternate, oblong, up to 4 in. long, +sessile, crenate. Heads oblong, ½ in. long, several together in a +terminal panicle; bracts imbricate, orbicular, ⅙ in. diam.; cor. length +of bract, 4-lobed; st. 4. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Sabbi River). + + +=L. adoensis= _Hochst._ + +Erect, shortly pubescent undershrub, 5-7 ft. high. Leaves 2-4 or more- +whorled, oblong, up to 5 in. long. Heads globose forming a terminal +panicle; bracts ovate; cor. 4-lobed, minute, white; st. 4. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land); Bahr El Jebel (Upper). + + +=L. citriodora= _H.B._ & _K._ LUWEIS—Arab. + +Introduced (Makwar); Blue Nile Prov. + + +692 =Bouchea pterygocarpa= _Schauer._ + +White pubescent undershrub. Leaves opp., ovate, 1½ in. long. Spikes 6-9 +in. long, terminal; fl. in axil of a bract, appressed to rachis; cor. +scarlet, tube ½ in. long; limb patent, lobes 5, st. 4, didynamous. Caps. +winged at apex. + +Nubia; Blue Nile Prov. (near Jebel Saggadi); Kordofan Prov. (Jebel Kuhn, +Melbes). + + +=B. marrubiifolia= _Schauer._ DANABĀN or ERG EL BUGR (N. Kordn.)—Arab. + +White pubescent, branched herb, much like above. Cor. white; capsule not +winged. + +Nubia (between Suakin & Berber, Okurr, Wadi Abu Kotod); Red Sea Prov. +(Suakin, Khor Tamanib); Kordofan Prov. (Abu Gerad, Wadi Taiara, Um Marba +& Um Dam). + + +693 =Stachytarpheta angustifolia= _Vahl._ ABONGANDUR (Meshra El +Zeraf)—Arab; ADELFUR (Meshra El Zeraf)—Dinka; DELPA (Meshra El +Zeraf)—Shilluk. + +Bushy herb with 4-angled stems. Leaves opp., oblong-lanceolate, 2-3 in. +long, deeply crenate. Spikes very slender, 6-9 in. long; rachis hollowed +to receive appressed flowers; bracts ⅓ in. long; calyx as long, +5-toothed and ribbed; cor. lilac, ⅔ in. long; limb patent, 5-lobed; st. +2. Fr. cylindrical, ¼ in. long. + +Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf to Sobat Mouth); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Shambe). + +The roots are used by Arabs as collyrium. + + +694 =Priva leptostachya= _Juss._ + +Bushy hairy herb; stems 4-angled. Leaves opp., ovate, 1-3 in. long, +crenate; spikes 6-12 in. long; fl. lax on a square rachis; bracts small; +calyx ¼ in. long enlarging in fruit; cor. ½ in. long, white, limb ¼ in. +diam., 2-lipped, white; st. 4, didynamous. Fr. enclosed in enlarged +calyx; nutlets 2. + +Nubia (between Suakin & Berber, Wadi El Omari); Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, +Jebel Waratab). + + +695 =Verbena supina= _Linn._ MORREYA (Ehrenb.)—Arab. + +Densely pubescent annual. Leaves opp., bipinnatifid, deltoid. Spikes +dense; bracts and calyx minute; cor. lilac, tube ⅙ in. long, limb +patent, 5-lobed, 1/12 in. diam.; st. 4, didynamous. Caps. minute. + +Nubia; Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Kordofan Prov. (Sodari); +Darfur Prov. + + +=V. officinalis= _Linn._ + +Glabrous perennial. Leaves rhomboid-ovate, deeply pinnatifid. Spikes lax +in a terminal panicle. Fl. as above; cor. limb ⅙ in. diam. + +Fung Prov. + +The leaves are considered a febrifuge and tonic and are said to be used +as a rubefacient in rheumatism and diseases of the joints. The root is +believed to be a remedy for scrofula and snake-bite. + + +696 =Duranta Plumieri= _Jacq._ + +Unarmed or spinous shrub. Leaves opp., oblong, sometimes crenate. +Racemes long, terminal; cor. lilac, ⅓ in. long; lobes 5, spreading, ⅓ +in. diam. St. 4, didynamous. Drupe yellow, size of a pea, enclosed in +enlarged calyx. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Atasilli River); Mongalla Prov. +(Lado: Yei River District). + +An excellent hedge plant. + + +697 =Premna resinosa= _Schauer._ SAAT—Arab; TŪR (J. Eliri)—Nuba. + +Shrub with scented leaves. Leaves 2-4-nate, ovate or oblong, ½-1½ in. +long, entire or crenate. Panicles small, terminal, corymbose; fl. +minute, whitish or greenish. Drupe black, size of a pea. + +Nubia (Wadi Omari); Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Sinkat, Jebel Waratab & 21° +N.L.); Kordofan Prov. (Melbes, Abu Haraza, Abu Snun, Wadi Taiara & +between Obeid Ogari & El Mareikib & Melbes); White Nile Prov. (J. +Arashkol). + +Fruit eaten. + + +698 =Vitex tangensis= _Gürke._ + +Shrub or small tree, clothed with yellowish hairs. Leaves opp., +digitately 3-fol.; leaflets 2-3 in. long, oblong-lanceolate. Cymes +corymbose, axillary; calyx campanulate, 5-toothed; cor. tube twice +length of calyx, limb patent, white (?); st. 4, exserted. Fr. globose, 1 +in. diam. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (between Wau & Chakchak). + + +=V. madiensis= _Oliv._ + +Tree. Leaves opp., simple or 3-5 fol., glabrous above, hairy beneath; +leaflets obovate-cuneate, crenate in upper half, 5-6 in. cymes; calyx +5-toothed, minute; cor. ¼ in. long, limb long; pet. 3-4 in. long. Fl. in +axillary, corymbose, hairy patent. Fr. edible, size of a small plum. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas & Kutshook Ali’s Zariba, Dinka- +land, Mittu-land: Mvolo, Niamniam-land); Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + +Fruit edible. + + +=V. Schweinfurthii= _Baker._ + +Tree; extremities drab pubescent. Leaves simple or 3-fol.; leaflets +obovate-cuneate, up to 6 in. long; main petiole 2-3 in. long. Cymes lax, +axillary; bracts large, linear. Fl. much as above. + +Nuba Mts. Prov. (Talodi); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas & Gir & +Dinka-land: Lau). + + +=V. Cienkowskii= _Kotschy_ & _Peyr._ ABDUGULGUL, UMDIGULGUL or GULGUL +(Baggara), ZEITUN (Bahr El Ghazal Prov.), or KURAIN—Arab; KLURUF (J. +Daier), TIDOGI & MADIMU (J. Eliri)—Nuba; KONINK (Bahr El Ghazal)—Dinka; +ORO—Golo; YALAH—Jur. + +Large tree. Leaves 5-fol., glabrous; leaflets obovate-cuneate, up to 6 +in. long, distinctly petioled; main pet. 2-3 in. long. Cymes dense, +axillary, long peduncled; calyx 5-toothed, minute; cor. yellowish-brown, +ab. ½ in. long, limb obliquely patent. Fr. size of a cherry, edible. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Kordofan Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov.; Upper White Nile +Prov. (mouth of Bahr El Ghazal); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dinka-land, +between Wau & Chak Chak, & Tonj; Jur: Jur Ghattas); Bahr El Jebel +(Madi). + +Wood white, light. Fruit eaten and when roasted is said to be a +substitute for tea. + + +699 =Clerodendron acerbianum= _Boiss._ + +Riverside shrub; bark grey and rough; extremities, leaves and infl. +grey-woolly. Leaves 2-4-nate, ovate, rounded or slightly cordate at +base, 2-3 in. long. Fl. in dense terminal and axillary clusters; bracts +linear, ¾ in. long; calyx ¾ in. long, 5-lobed; cor. white, tube 1 in. +long, lobes 5, ovate, ⅙ in. long; st. 4, exserted. Fr. somewhat like a +black-berry, not edible. + +Berber Prov. (Mograd Island); Fung Prov. (Bunzaga & Jongol’s Post); +White Nile Prov. (Jebelein to Sobat); Sobat River (near Nasser). + + +=C. Schweinfurthii= _Gürke._ + +Climbing shrub. Leaves opp., ovate-lanceolate, 6-8 in. long, often +serrate. Fl. in axillary long-peduncled heads; calyx tube campanulate; +cor. tube 1½ in. long, lobes 5; st. 4, much exserted as well as style. +Drupe black, ⅓ in. long. Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso +River); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +=C. Formicarum= _Gürke._ + +Shrub. Leaves 2-4-nate, oblong, 2-3 in. long. Fl. in subumbellate +terminal panicles; cor. white, tube ¼ in. long, lobes 5, minute; st. 4, +¼ in. long. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +=C. harnierianum= _Schweinf._ + +Shrub; branchlets 4-angled. Leaves 2-3-nate, oblong or oblong- +lanceolate, 2 in. long, pubescent. Infl. a cymose terminal panicle; +calyx ⅓ in. long, 5-lobed; cor. purple, ab. 1 in. long. + +Fung Prov. (Roseires); White Nile Prov. + + +=C. cordifolium= _A. Rich._ + +Undershr. or shrub, erect or scandent. Leaves opp., ovate-cordate, 3-4 +in. long, pubescent beneath. Cymes lax, forming an ample terminal +panicle; calyx 5-toothed, ⅓ in. long; cor. white, tube ⅔ in. long, lobes +5, ⅓ in. long; st. 4, 1 in. long. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Darfur Prov. (Kulme & J. Marra 6,000 ft.); Bahr +El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas & East of Limo’s village); Bahr El +Jebel (Madi). + + +=C. capitatum= _Schumach._ & _Thonn._ + +Small shrub; branchlets densely hairy. Leaves opp., broadly ovate- +dentate, pubescent beneath, 6-12 in. long. Fl. in dense sessile terminal +heads, 6-9 in. diam.; bracts red, lanceolate, foliaceous; calyx ¾ in. +long, pubescent, segments ciliate; cor. white, tube slender, 3-4 in. +long; lobes ½ in. Drupe black in red accrescent calyx. + +Nuba Mts. Prov. (Kadugli). + + +=C. myricoides= _R. Br._ HAMALMA—Rashida (Red Sea Prov.). + +Shrub, 3-5 ft. high. Leaves 2-4-nate, subsessile, oblong, 2-6 in. long, +toothed. Cymes lax; calyx small, 5-lobed; cor. tubes short; lobes, upper +½ in. long, white, lower ¾ in. long, pale blue; st. 4, arcuate, ¾-1 in. +long. Drupe black. + +Red Sea Prov. (Karora); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Niamniam-land: Gumango hills); Bahr El +Jebel. + + +=C. Neumayeri= _Vatke._ + +Shrub, 15-16 ft. high. Leaves opposite, oblong, acute, entire or crenate +at the middle, 1-1½ in. long, glabrous; flowers in axillary cymes; +corolla very short, the limb 1 in. diam. + +Red Sea Prov. (Has Has). + + +=C. alatum= _Gürke._ + +Herb with 4-angled and narrowly winged stems. Leaves opp., sessile, up +to 1 ft. long, oblanceolate, toothed in upper third. Panicle thyrsoid, +many-flowered, terminal, 1 ft. long; cor. tube short, upper lobes +whitish-lilac, lower violet with 2 white blotches. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Tuhami’s Zariba). + + +=C. triflorum= _Vis._ + +Shrub with bluntly 4-angled branches. Leaves long-petioled, broadly- +ovate, toothed at the middle. Cymes axillary, drooping, 3-flowered; +calyx 5-angled, lobes lanceolate; cor. tube 3 times length of calyx, +lobes elliptic. + +Nubia. + + +=C. near C. neriifolium= _Wall._ + +Shrub, ab. 5 ft. high, branches 4-angled, sulcate. Leaves ternate below, +alt. above, lanceolate to ovate-elliptic, larger ones sometimes +obsoletely and coarsely serrate. Fl. axillary in simple and compound +cymes, forming terminal panicles; calyx ½ in. long, accrescent and +broadly campanulate in fruit, 5-toothed; cor. white, tube 1 in. long, +slender, lobes 5, 2 upper ½ in. long, lower ⅓ in.; st. 4, 1 in long, +didynamous, exserted; style 1½ in. long, bifid; ovary 4-celled, ovules +4. Drupe black. + +Mongalla Prov. (Sudd Region & Bor); Bahr El Jebel (on termite hills). + + +=C. ugandense= _Prain._ + +Shrub, 3-10 ft. Leaves opposite, elliptic to narrowly obovate, coarsely +toothed, up to 4½ in. long and 2½ in. broad, glabrous. Cymes lax, few- +flowered. Flowers whitish and blue. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +700 =Avicennia marina= _Stapf._ SHORA—Arab. + +Shrub or small tree, white tomentose. Leaves opp., oblong or oblong- +lanceolate, 1½-3 in. long, coriaceous, tomentose beneath. Spikes +globose, terminal and axillary; bracts minute, broadly ovate; calyx +5-partite; cor. tube short, funnel-shaped, lobes 4-5, bright-yellow; st. +4. Fr. ovoid, 1 in. long. + +Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° N.L., Littoral). + +Fruit bitter but edible. The bark is used for tanning. + + + =LABIATÆ.= + + +701 =Ocimum basilicum= _Linn._ RIHAN—Arab; ORHAN—Hadendowa; KWARNYĀL +(Dilling)—Nuba. Basil. + +Erect annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves opp., petioled, ovate, 1-2 in. long. +Fl. in whorled racemes, up to 9 in. long; bracts ovate, length of a +whorl; calyx ¼ in. long, 5-lobed, uppermost lobe orbicular decurrent, +lower deltoid, mucronate, 2 lowest longest of all; cor. white, tinged +purple, ½ in. long, tube ¼ in., limb 2-lipped, upper 4-lobed; st. 4, +didynamous, 2 upper toothed at base of filaments, anthers 1-celled; +bifid style rising from central base of 4 lobes of the ovary as in all +this family as also fr. of 4 nutlets. + +Dongola Prov.; Khartoum Prov. (J. Royan); Kassala Prov.; Blue Nile +Prov.; White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan & Darfur Provinces. + +It yields a strong fibre. The plant is aromatic and on distillation +yields a volatile oil which, when kept, solidifies into a crystalline +camphor. The seeds infused in water make a cooling drink; they are said +to be demulcent, stimulant, diuretic & diaphoretic. + + +=O. canum= _Sims._ + +Densely pubescent annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves ovate or lanceolate, 1-2 +in. long. Fl. in whorled racemes as in all this genus, 3-6 in. long; +bracts small, ovate, deciduous; calyx ⅙ in. long, 2 lateral lobes +minute, otherwise as above; cor. white, ⅙ in. long; st. as above, much +exserted. + +Cultivated. Also in Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. +(Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé, Jur; Jur Ghattas). + +The leaves made into paste are used to cure parasitical diseases of the +skin. + + +=O. suave= _Willd._ + +Pubescent perennial. Leaves ovate, 3-4 in. long, crenate, densely hairy +beneath. Racemes dense, panicled, up to 9 in. long; bracts ovate, +deciduous; calyx ¼ in. long; cor. ab. ¼ in. long, white, tinged purple. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land: between Kero & Ngama). + + +=O. menthæfolium= _Hochst._ HADANIT—Hadendowa. + +Perennial very like _O. canum_. Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 1-1½ +in. long. Calyx ⅛ in. and cor. ¼ in. long. + +Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Khor Tamanib); Kordofan Prov. (J. Kurbaj & +Obeid); Darfur Prov. (Kulme & 40 miles West of El Fasher); Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Wau). + + +=O. citriodorum= _Vis._ + +Undershrub; stems pubescent. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, crenate. Racemes +lax, simple; bracts shortly petioled, ciliate; calyx hairy, upper lobe +orbicular, lateral ovate, lower lanceolate, subulate; cor. blue-violet, +longer than calyx, small; filaments of upper st. with tuft of hairs at +base. + +Nubia; Khartoum Prov. + + +=O. Johnstonii= _Baker._ + +Tall, bushy, fragrant herb. Leaves ovate, deeply crenate, ab. 1½ in. +long. Calyx ⅛ in. and cor. ¼ in. long; upper filaments of st. with basal +tufts of hairs. + +Khartoum, cultivated. + + +=O. dichotomum= _Hochst._ + +Erect branched annual. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, 1-1½ in. long. Racemes +long, lax; bracts small; calyx tube campanulate in fruit, ⅙ in. long; +cor. a little longer than calyx; st. filaments unappendaged at base. + +White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. + + +702 =Platystoma africanum= _P. Beauv._ + +Erect annual, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves ovate, 1-2 in. long, crenate, +pubescent. Racemes fairly dense, 3-6 in. long, whorls 10-flowered; +pedicels deflexed in fruit; calyx lobes 2, toothed; cor. pale lilac, +minute, bilabiate, upper lip 4-toothed, lower entire; st. 4, declinate, +filaments dilated at base. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Gir & Jur). + + +703 =Acrocephalus Schweinfurthii= _Briquet._ + +Tall herb with grey appressed hairs. Leaves linear, 1-2 in. long, +narrowed at each end. Fl. in globose, corymbose heads, ⅓ in. diam.; +basal bracts ovate-lanceolate, tipped blue-purple; calyx minute; cor. +small, 2-lipped, upper lip 4-lobed; st. 4, didynamous, exserted, +filaments unappendaged. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Aweit & Agada). + + +=A. lilacinus= _Oliv._ + +Hairy perennial, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves whorled, lin.-lanceolate, 1-1½ in. +long, denticulate. Heads in dense, terminal corymbs; basal bracts ovate, +yellowish, upper orbicular, cuneate, cuspidate, greenish, ⅛ in. long; +cor. pale-lilac, nearly ½ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Sabbi River). + + +=A. Heudelotii= _Briquet._ + +Pubescent perennial, 1½-2 ft. high. Leaves whorled, linear, 1½-2 in. +long. Heads globose corymbose; basal bracts linear, foliaceous, upper +obovate-cuneate, pale, hairy, ⅛ in. long; cor. twice as long as calyx, +pale violet. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Agada near Jur Ghattas & Jur Aweit). + + +704 =Moschosma polystachyum= _Benth._ + +Much-branched annual; stem 4-angled, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves ovate, +crenate, pubescent. Racemes 2-4 in. long, with 6-10 flowered whorls; +calyx ⅛ in. long, upper tooth orbicular, not decurrent, lateral ovate, +lower cuspidate; cor. pale lilac, 2-lipped, lobes short. + +Fung Prov. (Saoleil, Blue Nile, Jongol’s Post, etc.); White Nile Prov. +(J. Arashkol & Abba Island); Kordofan Prov. (moist places); Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Shambé); Mongalla Prov. (Bor & 5° 10′ N.L.). + + +705 =Orthosiphon bartsioides= _Baker._ + +Slender perennial. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, up to 2 in. long, crenate, +pubescent, sessile. Raceme long, lax; whorls 2-flowered; calyx deflexed +in fruit, upper tooth orbicular decurrent, 4 others cuspidate, ¼ in. +long; cor. ab. ½ in. long; st. 4, not exserted. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Roa River, Niamniam-land: River Mabode). + + +=O. pallidus= _Royle._ + +Branched perennial. Leaves short-petioled, small, ovate, crenate, +pubescent. Racemes terminal, whorls few-flowered; calyx ¼ in. long, +upper lobe orbicular and decurrent, lateral and lower large-awned; cor. +½ in. long. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit, Suakin). + + +=O. Schimperi= _Benth._ + +Branched perennial. Leaves ovate, crenate, hairy, 1-3 in. long, long +petioled. Racemes whorled; calyx ¼ in. long, upper lobe suborbicular, +decurrent, lateral small-awned, lower longer awned; cor. tube ⅓ in. +long, limb 2-lipped, lobes small. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nganye); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla). + + +706 =Becium (Ocimum) Knyanum= _(Vatke) N.E. Br._ + +Erect pubescent perennial. Leaves subsessile, linear to oblong- +lanceolate, 1-2 in. long, crenate. Racemes long, lax, with a tuft of +linear bracts; whorls 4-6 flowered; calyx ⅓ in. long, upper lobe +orbicular, decurrent, others large-awned; cor. ⅔ in. long, 2-lipped, +upper 4-lobed; st. 4, exserted, upper filaments with basal tufts of +hairs. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land: Gir & Jur Ghattas). + + +=B. obovatum= _N.E. Br._ + +Erect herb, 1 ft. high from woody rhizome. Leaves sessile, elliptic- +obovate, 1½ in. long, ¾ in. broad, densely gland-dotted, subentire. +Spikes broadly triangular, 1½ in. long. Bracts purplish. Calyx +pubescent. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Biri River, between Chak Chak & Deim Zubeir). + + +=B. (Ocimum) Schweinfurthii= _(Briquet) N.E. Br._ + +Tall pubescent perennial. Leaves subsessile, oblong, up to 6 in. long, +cuneate at base, crenate, scabrous above. Raceme short, dense, terminal; +bracts large obovate, cuspidate; calyx ⅙ in. long, upper tooth ovate, +slightly decurrent, others bristle-like; cor. ½ in. long; st. 4, upper +filaments toothed at base. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Gumango River). + + +707 =Hoslundia opposita= _Vahl._ SASA DIM—Rashida. + +Much branched shrub. Leaves opp., oblong or obl.-lanceolate, 3-4 in. +long, dentate. Panicles terminal, lax; bracts minute; calyx small, +broadly 5-toothed, enlarged globose and red in fruit; cor. lilac, ⅙ in. +long, 2-lipped, st. 2 perfect and 2 rudimentary. + +Red Sea Prov. (Karora); Darfur Prov. (Kulme 3,600 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas & Nuer District); Bahr El Jebel. + + +708 =Plectranthus stachyoides= _Oliv._ + +Perennial, 3-4 ft. high. Leaves opp., subsessile, ovate or oblong, up to +3 in. long, pubescent, crenate. Infl. a dense terminal racemose panicle, +6-8 in. long; whorls many-flowered; bracts ovate, pubescent, ¼ in. long: +calyx 5-toothed, upper lobe ovate, reflexed, others deltoid, awned, ¼ +in. long; cor. ½ in. long, lilac. St. 4, didynamous, free. + +Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + + +=P. ovatifolius= _Oliv._ + +Erect perennial. Leaves short-petioled, ovate, 1 in. long, pubescent. +Infl. a lax terminal racemose panicle; whorls few-flowered; calyx ⅓ in. +long, upper tooth ovate, mucronate, reflexed, decurrent, lateral teeth +small, awned, lower large, awned; cor. ½ in. long, lilac. + +Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + + +=P. bongensis= _Baker._ + +Glabrous herb, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves oblong, 2-3 in. long, crenate. Infl. +lax, in a cymose panicle, 6-9 in. long; calyx ⅛ in. long, upper ovate, +reflexed, lateral oblong, lower awned; cor. ⅓ in. long, lilac. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Gir in Bongo-land). + + +=P. cylindraceus= _Hochst._ + +Tall sappy herb, pubescent all over. Leaves oblong, crenate. Fl. in +dense cylindrical racemes, 3-5 in. long, 1-3 to a stem; calyx minute, +teeth subequal; cor. ⅛ in. long, white. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit). + + +709 =Coleus barbatus= _Benth._ KĀHAB, & KALIAH—Hadendowa. + +Woody perennial, 2-4 ft. high. Leaves petioled, ovate or oblong, 1-4 in. +long, crenate, hairy. Panicle racemose, ½-1 ft. long; whorls many- +flowered; fruit-calyx ⅙ in. long, upper tooth suborbicular, 4 others +acute; cor. bright blue, ½ in. long, tube deflexed in middle, limb +2-lipped, lower as long as tube; filaments of 4 st. united at the base +in a tube as in all this genus. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & Suakin). + + +=C. cf. C. igniarius= _Schwfth._ + +Small woody shrub. Fl. appear before the leaves; cor. purple, scented. + +Red Sea Prov. (Khor Ashat). + + +=C. latifolius= _Hochst._ + +Herb with tuberous root, 1 ft. high. Leaves ovate, 1-3 in. long, +crenate, pubescent. Racemes dense, 4-6 in. long; fr. calyx ⅙ in. long, +upper tooth ovate, lateral shorter, orbicular, 2 lower acute, connate to +near tip; cor. ⅓ in. long, lilac. + +Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + + +=C. Penzigii= _Dammann._ + +White-hairy perennial. Leaves ovate, up to 4 in. long, crenate; petiole +winged. Racemes panicled, whorls 8-flowered; calyx ⅙ in. long, 2 lateral +teeth smaller; cor. tube ⅓ in. long, lower lip lilac, ¼ in. long. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post). + + +=C. Briquetii= _Baker._ + +Tall herb. Leaves petioled, oblong-lanceolate, 2-3 in. long, acuminate, +serrate. Racemes long, dense; whorls many-flowered; calyx minute in fl., +enlarged in fruit, upper tooth ovate, decurrent, 2 lateral orbicular, 2 +lowest acuminate, connate half-way up; cor. ⅓ longer. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land). + + +710 =Englerastrum Schweinfurthii= _Briquet._ + +Erect hairy annual. Leaves ovate, 1 in. long, crenate. Racemes axillary, +whorls 1-2 flowered; calyx ½ in. long, glandular-pubescent, teeth 5, +ovate, subequal; cor. tube 1½ in., lower lip ab. 1 in., concave, upper +small with 3 rounded lobes. St. 4, filaments united in lower half, +exserted. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Addai). + + +711 =Æolanthus ambustus= _Oliv._ + +Slender herb, 1 ft. high. Leaves sessile, ascending, linear, 1-1½ in. +long. Spikes slender, erect; bracts ⅙ in., partly hiding the flowers; +calyx minute, 2-lobed; cor. lilac, ⅓ in. long, 2-lipped; st. 4, free. + +Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + + +=Æ. virgatus= _Gürke._ + +Much branched annual, 1½ ft. high. Leaves as above, up to 2 in. long. +Bracts ¼ in. long, otherwise as above. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Gurfala). + + +=Æ. heliotropioides= _Oliv._ + +Herb, up to 2 ft. high. Leaves sessile, oblong or lin.-oblong, up to 2 +in. long. Spikes panicled, upper ones one-sided, 1-2 in. long; bracts +very small; calyx minute, truncate, pubescent; cor. lilac, ¼ in. long, +lower lip orbicular, concave ab. same size as upper. St. exserted. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +712 =Pycnostachys Schweinfurthii= _Briquet._ + +Erect branched perennial, 2 ft. high. Leaves linear, up to 4 in. long, +sessile or subsessile, serrate. Spikes dense, 1½-2 in. long; fr. calyx ⅓ +in. long, teeth 5, subulate; cor. pale blue, tube deflexed, upper lip +4-toothed, lower concave, ¼ in. long; st. 4, free. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Dukuttu). + + +=P. Petherickii= _Baker._ + +Perennial, stems 4-angled. Leaves sessile, oblong-lanceolate, upper half +crenate, gland-dotted beneath. Spike dense, up to 4 in. long. Calyx tube +short, teeth ¼ in. long, subulate; cor. blue, pubescent on outside. + +White Nile. + + +=P. niamniamensis= _Gürke._ + +Erect pubescent herb. Leaves sessile, oblong-lanceolate, 2-3 in. long, +serrate with scattered red glands. Spikes oblong; bracts linear, ⅓ in. +long; calyx ½ in. long, tube short, teeth subulate. + +White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: River Hoo). + + +713 =Hyptis brevipes= _Poir._ + +Pubescent herb, 3-4 ft. high. Leaves subsessile, oblong-rhomboid, +crenate, upper ones lanceolate. Fl. axillary, peduncled, in dense +globose heads, ½ in. diam.; outer bracts lanceolate, as long as flowers; +calyx ⅛ in. long, teeth 5, subulate; cor. ⅛ in. long, lower lip +deflexed, concave; st. 4, free. + +Mongalla Prov. (Lado: Yei River); Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + + +=H. spicigera= _Lam._ KINDI—Bongo. + +Tall pubescent annual, often found in stubble. Leaves petioled, oblong, +crenate. Panicles dense racemose oblong, end racemes 2-4 in. long, +whorls many-flowered; fr. calyx 1/5 in. long, teeth short; cor. whitish, +¼ in. long. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Gir cultivated). + +The seeds are brayed to a pulp by the Zandes and used as an adjunct to +stews and gravies. They are also roasted and eaten or an edible oil +extracted from them. This oil, although not suitable for soap and candle +making, might be useful for fatty varnishes in painting. + + +=H. pectinata= _Poir._ + +Herb, 4-6 ft. high. Leaves small, ovate, crenate, pubescent. Panicles +racemose; fr. calyx ⅙ in. long, villous inside, teeth small, setaceous; +cor. size of calyx. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + + +714 =Lavandula pubescens= _Decne._ + +Hairy, scented perennial; stems 4-angled. Leaves broad, bipinnatifid, +segments linear. Panicles spicate, whorls 2-flowered; bracts ovate, ⅛ +in. long; calyx 13-nerved, as long as bracts, teeth small; cor. blue, +small; st. 4, free. + +Darfur Prov. + + +=L. coronopifolia= _Poir._ SADDĀM—Hadendowa. + +Fragrant perennial, up to 18 in. high. Leaves sessile, narrowly linear +with revolute edges, simple or pinnatipartite. Panicles spicate, 2-3 in. +long; bracts ovate-lanceolate; calyx ⅙ in. long, pubescent, 13-nerved, +teeth short; cor. blue, ⅓ in. long. + +Red Sea Prov. (Khor Tamanib, Suakin, Erkowit & 21° N.L.); Darfur Prov. +(J. Meidob 3,500 ft. & J. Marra 8,200 ft.). + + +715 =Mentha sylvestris= _Linn._ + +Strongly scented, densely pubescent herb. Leaves sessile, lanceolate, +serrate. Fl. in terminal whorled, racemose panicles 2-3 in. long; calyx +minute, 10-ribbed, 5-toothed, teeth lanceolate; cor. ⅙ in. long, lobes +4, uppermost broad and emarginate. + +Darfur Prov. (Zalingei & J. Marra: Niurnya 6,500 ft.). + + +716 =Micromeria biflora= _Benth._ HADEMBUI—Hadendowa. + +Bushy pubescent perennial with a weak smell of thyme, ½-1 ft. high. +Leaves ovate or oblong, ab. ⅓ in. long, rigid. Cymes 2-6 flowered, +subsessile, axillary; calyx ab. ⅙ in. long, 13-15 ribbed, teeth 5, +small; cor. shortly exserted, dilated at throat, 2-lipped; st. 4. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & 21° N.L.); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra 8-9,500 ft.). + + +=M. abyssinica= _Benth._ + +Bushy pubescent herb, 1-2 ft. high, scented like thyme. Leaves ovate, +crenate, 1-1½ in. long. Spikes whorled, whorls many-flowered, the lowest +subtended by large leaves; calyx ¼ in. long, 13-15 ribbed, teeth small; +cor. tube ¼ in. long, limb 2-lipped, lower lip 3-lobed. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit). + + +717 =Salvia nudicaulis= _Vahl._ =var. nubica= _Baker._ + +Perennial with rosette-like radical leaves; stem-leaves oblong or +oblong-lanceolate, 1½-2 in. long, crenulate, densely pubescent beneath. +Panicles laxly racemed, whorls of ab. 6 flowers; calyx hairy, ¼ in. +long, 2-lipped, lower bifid; cor. ½ in. long, upper lip arched, lower +deflexed; st. 2, with 1 perfect anther cell; rudimentary st. 2. + +Nubia. + + +=S. ægyptiaca= _Linn._ RA’AL—Arab. + +Small heather-like undershr. Stems with setose reflexed hairs. Leaves +deeply crisped-undulate, strongly reticulate. Calyx lobes very acute. +Corolla ⅓ in. long. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit, Has Has & 21° N.L.). + + +718 =Nepeta biloba= _Hochst._ NABBALAM—Hadendowa. + +Herb, 2-3 ft. high, pubescent. Leaves ovate, 2 in. long, crenate, the +upper sessile. Racemes long, lower whorls distant, subtended by large +leaves; bracts many, linear, ¼ in. long; calyx ¼ in., teeth 5, ribs 15; +cor. under ½ in., violet-blue, lower lip 3-lobed, central one largest; +st. 4. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & Has Has). + + +=N. ballotæfolia= _Hochst._ + +Pubescent herb. Leaves ovate, 1-1½ in. long, crenate, sessile. Racemes +as above; bracts linear, large; calyx ¼ in.; cor. tube longer than +calyx, lower lip ⅛ in. long, 3-lobed, central lobe largest. + +Darfur Prov. (J. Marra 9,200-9,500 ft.). + + +719 =Scutellaria Schweinfurthii= _Briquet._ + +Perennial, 1 ft. high. Leaves lanceolate, subsessile, slightly hairy. +Racemes long, lax, whorls 2-flowered; fr. calyx ¼ in., upper lip +orbicular, reflexed, lower shorter; cor. ⅓ in., lips ⅙ in. long, lower +deflexed. St. 4, upper pair 2-celled, lower 1-celled. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, Kutshuk Ali’s Zariba, & Mittu at Ngame). + + +720 =Otostegia tomentosa= _A. Rich_ + +Pubescent shrub. Leaves subsessile, very small, thick, oblong, crenate, +white-tomentose beneath. Fl. axillary, whorled, sessile, bracteate; +calyx-tube funnel-shaped, 10-ribbed, ⅓ in. long, lower lip orbicular, +upper small crenate; st. 4. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit). + + +=O. repanda= _Benth._ BALUD & BASADEM—Hadendowa. + +Pubescent shrub. Leaves petioled, ovate, 1-2 in. long, crenate. Fl. +axillary, whorled; bracts subulate; calyx ⅓ in. long, upper lip small, +ovate, lower orbicular, crenate, ⅓ in. broad; cor. white, longer than +calyx. + +Red Sea Prov. (21-22° N. Lat., Has Has & Erkowit); Darfur Prov. +(Zalingei & J. Marra: Niurnya 6,500 ft.). + + +=O. scariosa= _Benth._ + +Pubescent shrub; branches 4-angled. Leaves petioled, broadly ovate, up +to 1 in. long, crenate. Fl. axillary, in distant whorls, bracts many +subulate; flower as above. + +Darfur Prov. + + +721 =Leucas nubica= _Benth._ + +Pubescent herb. Leaves ovate, up to 2 in. long, crenate. Whorls many, +distant, many-flowered; bracts large, linear, ciliate; calyx tube ⅙ in. +long, ribs and teeth 8-10, teeth linear-subulate; cor. tube ⅙ in. long, +lips 2, small, lower 3-lobed; st. 4. + +White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (Katul Gombara). + + +=L. inflata= _Benth._ + +Densely white-hairy, branched perennial. Leaves subsessile, +suborbicular, crenate at tip, ½-1 in. long. Whorls numerous, 6-10 +flowered, the upper approximate with reduced leaves; bracts minute; +calyx campanulate, inflated ⅙ in. long, villous, teeth deltoid; cor. ⅓ +in. long, upper lip villous at tip. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N. Lat. J. Waratab, Khor Tamanib & Sinkat). + + +=L. martinicensis= _R. Br._ + +Branched annual, 2-3 ft. high; branches pubescent. Leaves thin, oblong, +crenate, hairy up to 3 in. long. Whorls dense, distant, bracts large, +subulate; calyx ⅙-¼ in. long, hairy, throat oblique, teeth unequal, +subulate; cor. small, deciduous. + +Red Sea Prov. (Khor Tamanib & Has Has); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, +Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (Obeid); Darfur +Prov. (Zalingei & J. Marra: Niurnya 6,500 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Jur Ghattas). + + +=L. neuflizeana= _Courb._ + +Densely hairy herb, 6-12 in. high. Leaves sessile, oblong-lanceolate, up +to 2 in. long, crenate, whorls 8-12 flowered, lower ones distant, upper +close together; calyx ¼ in. long, throat oblique, ribs and teeth 8-10; +cor. lip small. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.). + + +=L. Schweinfurthii= _Gürke._ + +White-hairy herb. Leaves sessile, oblong, ab. 1 in. long, loosely +dentate in upper half. Whorls few-flowered, many, distant; calyx ⅓ in. +long; throat oblique, teeth 8-10, minute. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: on Baginse hills). + + +=L. urticæfolia= _Benth._ UM GALŌT—Arab. + +Hairy annual, 6-24 in. high. Leaves ovate, 1-2 in. long, crenate. Whorls +distant, globose, many-flowered, ¾ in. diam.; bracts large, linear, +ciliate; fr. calyx ⅓ in. long, oblique, teeth 8-10; cor. tube naked, +lips small. + +Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, 21° N.L.); Central Sudan (Gezira). + + +722 =Leonitis pallida= _Benth._ KUSHU-KUSHU, FAKI BALADAWAYA (Meshra El +Zeraf), ABUTIFA & UMDAREIWA (Baggara)—Arab; KOPTUNINDEIR (Dilling) & +KANDINUWINDI (J. Ghulfan)—Nuba. + +Tall, hairy herb. Leaves ovate, up to 4 in. long, crenate. Fl. in +globose heads, 2-2½ in. diam., spaced along the stem; bracts lanceolate, +spine-tipped; calyx tube ⅓ in. long, 8-10 ribbed and toothed, teeth +spine-tipped, uppermost largest; cor. pale-yellow; st. 4. + +Nubia (between Korosko & Berber); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Mattama); +Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov. (Dilling & J. Ghulfan); +Darfur Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Bongo: Dukuttu). + +The ashes are said to be used for tumours on the head. + + +=L. nepetæfolia= _R. Br._ + +Pubescent herb, 4-5 ft. high. Leaves ovate, up to 4 in. long, crenate. +Fl. arranged as above; bracts large, linear, stiff; calyx ¼ in. long, +larger in fruit, upper tooth largest, mucronate; cor. deep yellow, tube +½ in. and upper lip ½ in. long, the lower 3-lobed, deflexed. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post). + + +=L. velutina= _Fenzl._ KUSHU-KUSHU—Arab. + +Tall, finely hairy perennial. Leaves ovate, crenate, very hairy beneath. +Heads (whorls) very dense, 3 in. diam.; bracts small, linear; calyx +hairy, teeth deltoid, upper largest; cor. bright yellow, 1 in. long, +upper lip up to ½ in. long. + +Fung Prov. (Roseires); Æthiopia; Kordofan Prov. (Obeid). + + +723 =Tinnea æthiopica= _Kotschy_ & _Peyr._ + +Shrub, 3-5 ft. high. Leaves subsessile, oblong, up to 2 in. long. Whorls +laxly disposed, 2-flowered; bracts oblong, green, as long as the +flowers; calyx ⅓ in. enlarging to 1 in., bladder-shaped; cor. maroon, +2-lipped, upper short, orbicular, lower deflexed, 3-lobed, ⅙ in. long; +st. 4; seeds winged. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, Bongo: Mvolo, Dar Fertit below Pongo River & +Biselli, Niamniam-land). + + +724 =Teucrium nummularifolium= _Baker._ EIGAB—Hadendowa. + +Woolly herb with obovate coarsely crenate leaves about ⅓ in. long. Calyx +woolly pilose, the lobes more or less subulate. Corolla purple. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit). + + +725 =Ajuga bracteosa= _Wall._ + +Hairy perennial. Leaves oblanceolate, coarsely dentate, sessile. Whorls +axillary 2- or many-flowered; calyx ⅙ in. long, 10-ribbed, teeth 5, +equal; cor. blue, ⅓ in. long, upper lip short, lower longer, 3-lobed, +deflexed; st. 4, slightly exserted. + +Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf). + + + =MONOCOTYLEDONS= + + + =ALISMATACEÆ.= + + +726 =Alisma Plantago= _Linn._ + +Perennial marsh herb. Leaves radical, long petioled, lanceolate, ovate +or cordate, 3-7 nerved, 2-8 in. long. Fl. in verticillate panicles; +scapes solitary or many, 1-2 ft. high; fl. ab. 8 to each verticil. Sep. +3, persistent; pet. 3, white; sta. 6; carpels 15-20, compressed, forming +a ring round the axis of the fl., verrucose; style aristate. + +Kordofan Prov. (Rahad). + + +727 =Caldenia reniformis= _Makino._ + +Marsh herb. Leaves broadly ovate, cordate, 1-4 in. long, 7-15 nerved, +marked with pellucid lines; pet. up to 20 in. long. Scape 20-40 in. +high, panicled above; fl. 3 in each verticil. Sep. broad ovate, after +flowering erect and sheathing the fruit; pet. white; carpels 9-12 +scarcely compressed, smooth; style aristate. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas). + + +728 =Limnophyton obtusifolium= _Miq._ + +Perennial marsh herb. Leaves radical; pet. long; blade sagittate; sinus +broad; terminal lobe 2-7 in. long, nerves 7-11, radiating from apex of +pet. and somewhat converging. Scapes 1 or more; fl. in verticils +arranged in a panicle, 4-15 to a whorl, upper male, the lower +hermaphrodite mixed with a few male. Sep. 3, reflexed after flowering; +pet. 3, white; sta. 6, those of the male fl. larger; carpels 15-20 in +2-4 whorls; achenes obovoid in a globose head. + +Blue Nile Prov. (Sennar); White Nile Prov. (Goz Abu Guma & J. Arashkol); +Kordofan Prov. (Birkat Rahad); Darfur Prov. (Zalingei 3,100 ft.); +Mongalla Prov. (Abu Kuka to Gondokoro). + + +729 =Lophotocarpus guyanensis= _Durand_ & _Schinz._ + +Marsh herb. Leaves with milky juice, radical, floating, ovate-cordate, 2 +in. long; pet. varying in length with depth of water. Scape bearing few- +flowered whorls near the apex, lower hermaphr., upper hermaphr. and +male. Sep. 3, distinct, sheathing in fr.; pet. 3, cuneate, fugacious; +sta. 6-10 in male fl., 9-12 in others, anthers elongate, sagittate; +carpels numerous; achenes compressed laterally, dense on a convex +receptacle. + +Kordofan Prov. (Taiara). + + +730 =Echinodorus humilis= _Buchen._ + +Small marsh herb with a tuft of brown roots. Leaves radical; pet. +slender, usually 1-1½ in. long; blade ovate or ovate-lanc., ab. 1 in. +long, acute at both ends. Scapes shorter than leaves, 1-flowered. Sep. +3, persistent; pet. 3, white; sta. 6-9; achenes much compressed, many in +a subglobose or ovoid head. + +White Nile Prov. (banks of the River: Tawila, Kosti (Khors), Abba Island +& near J. Nyemati). + + +731 =Burnatia enneandra= _Micheli._ + +Marsh herb. Leaves radical; pet. 5-16 in. long; blade lin. to lanc., 5-8 +in. long. Scape longer than leaves; infl. diœcious; panicles +verticillately branched; male pan. 12-16 in. long, fem. 8-10. Male fl.: +sep. 3; pet. 3, small: sta. 9; rudimentary carpels 12. Fem. fl.: sep. 3; +pet. 0; sta. 0, or 1-2 imperfect; carpels ab. 12 crowded on small +receptacle, compressed. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post), White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas). + + +732 =Wisneria Schweinfurthii= _Hook. f._ + +Marsh herb. Leaves radical; pet. sheathing at base, 9 in. long; blade +oblong or oblanc., up to 6 in. long. Scape as long as leaves, bracts +united into truncate membranous campanulate sheaths; male fl. in upper +part of scape, fem. below. Male fl.: sep. 3; sta. 3; fem. fl.: sep. 3; +carpels 3-6 ovoid. Pet. 0. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Gir; Jur: Jur Ghattas). + + + =BUTOMACEÆ.= + + +733 =Butomopsis lanceolata= _Kunth._ + +Marsh herb with milky juice. Leaves radical; pet. up to 10 in.; blade +ovate, tapering into pet., up to 4 in. long. Scape longer than leaves, +in umbellate ab. 6-flowered cyme; pedicels up to 4 in. long in fruit. +Fl. hermaphr.; sep. 3; pet. 3, white, fugacious; sta. 9 or fewer; +carpels usually six, follicled in fr. + +White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol & Um Kinein). + + + =APONOGETONACEÆ.= + + +734 =Aponogeton subconjugatus= _Schumacher_ & _Thonn._ + +Submerged water plant. Leaves long-stalked, elongate-oblong, often +speckled brown, blade 5-12 in. long. Scape bearing a bifid spike which +is ab. 1½ in. long; young flowers enclosed in a glove-finger-like +sheath, separating from the base. Fl. hermaphr.; sep. 1-3; sta. 6; +carpels 3-5, usually 4. + +Mongalla Prov. (Bor). + + +=A. vallisnerioides= _Baker._ + +Submerged plant, densely tufted. Leaves sessile, strap-shaped, 3-4 in. +long. Spikes simple, dense flowered, sheathed as above. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Kutshuk Ali’s Zariba & Jur Ghattas; Bongo: +Gir & Dumuku). + + + =POTAMOGETONACEÆ.= + + +735 =Potamogeton Schweinfurthii= _Arth. Bennett._ + +Submerged plant; stems ab. 2 ft. long, branched. Lower leaves +lin.-lanc., acute, 3-4 in. long, 5-nerved; middle leaves lanc., +11-nerved, ab. 3 in. long; upper leaves floating, lanceolate to +lanc.-ovate, 10-13 nerved, 2-3 in. long; pet. 2-3½ in. long; stip. 1-2 +in. long. Ped. axillary, 4-6 in. long, base enclosed in a membranous +spathe; spike 1-2 in. long, dense. Per. segm. 4, green; anthers 4, +sessile; carpels 4, 1-celled; fr. sharply 3-keeled. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (main river: Nuer villages, mouth of Bahr El Arab). + + +=P. javanicus= _Hassk._ + +Submerged plant; stems slender, branched. Submerged leaves narrow-lin., +2-3 in. long; floating leaves lanceolate, ½ in. or more, long petioled; +lower stip. connate, upper free. Ped. axillary; spikes ¼-¾ in. long. Fr. +2-keeled. + +White Nile Prov. (Jebelein, Goz Abu Gum’a); Bahr El Jebel (Sudd); Bahr +El Ghazal Prov. (Mouth of Bahr El Arab; Niamniam-land: River Rei, +Gumango Hill). + + +=P. crispus= _Linn._ + +Stem compressed, slender, branched. Leaves all one shape, semi- +amplexicaul, obl. or obl.-strap-shaped, undulate, serrulate; stip. +small. Ped. in forks of the stem, stoutish; spike large lax-flowered. +Fr. obliquely ovoid with long curved beak. + +Nubia; Khartoum Prov. (in White Nile); Blue Nile Prov. (Sennar); +Kordofan Prov. + + +=P. pusillus= _Linn._ + +Stem slender, branched. Leaves all similar, semi-amplexicaul, narrow- +lin., acumin. or acute; stip. small, acute. Ped. slender; spike few- +flowered, ¼-½ in. long. Fr. semi-oval or obovoid, bluntly 3-keeled. + +Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: below Niurnya 5,500 ft.). + + +=P. lucens= _Linn._ + +Stem stout, branched. Leaves all submerged, the lower lin.-lanc. to +lanc., the lowest sessile, petioled above, the pet. gradually +lengthening to ab. 1 in.; upper leaves lanc. to ovate; stip. long, +beaked or winged. Ped. 2-9 in. long, stout; spikes ab. 2 in. long, +dense. Fr. slightly acumin., slightly convex on ventral and semicircular +on dorsal margin. + +Bahr El Jebel (2° N.L.). + + + =NAIADACEÆ.= + + +736 =Naias graminea= _Del._ + +Submerged plant; stems up to 2 ft. long, slender, rooting at lower +nodes. Leaves sometimes in clusters at the nodes, linear, closely +serrate and with an auricled serrate sheath. Infl. monœcious, axillary, +male and fem. side by side or fem. only, all without spathes. Male fl. +solitary; per. ending above anther in ear-like lobes; anther 1, +subsessile; fem. fl. 1-4, consisting of a single ovary, sessile, with 2 +stigmas. Fr. lin.-obl. + +White Nile Prov. (Um Kinein near J. Arashkol); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Jur: Kutshuk Ali’s Zariba). + + +=N. Schweinfurthii= _Magnus._ + +Small water plant with spreading branches. Leaves thin, slender, with +ab. 12 marginal teeth, ending in a brown spine; sheaths with short, +obtuse auricles. Infl. monœcious; male spathe oblong; anther 1-celled. +Fem. spathe oval-oblong, produced into a neck round the long style. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas). + + +=N. horrida= _A. Br._ + +Water plant; stems long, short branched; inter-nodes short. Leaves +falcate with spinulose teeth; sheaths rounded, toothed; male flower only +with spathe; anther 4-celled. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); White Nile Prov. (Goz Abu Gum’a); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (mouth of Jur River, etc.). + + +737 =Cymodocea rotundata= _Aschers._ & _Schweinfth._ + +Submerged marine plant; rhizome thick, creeping; branches short, +terminated by narrow-linear leaves with stipular sheaths, denticulate +upwards, 9-13 nerved. Infl. monœcious, axillary. Male fl. long +peduncled, longer than leaves; per. 0; anthers 2, connate, stipitate. +Fem. fl. carpels 2, subovoid, strongly keeled, acute, dentate. + +Red Sea Prov. (Suakin & Dongonab). + + +=C. serrulata= _Aschers._ & _Magnus._ + +Leaves almost straight, 4-6 in. long and up to ⅓ in. broad; tip entire +or denticulate; nerves ab. 7 pairs; sheaths as broad as the blade. + +Red Sea Prov. (Suakin & Dongonab). + + +=C. ciliata= _Ehrenb._ + +Stem 3-12 in. long, woody, branched, marked with annular scars. Leaves +lin.-falcate, 3-6 in. long, ½-⅔ in. broad, tip rounded, ciliate- +serrulate. + +Red Sea Prov. (Abu Hamir near Dongonab). + + +=C. isoëtifolia= _Aschers._ + +Stem short, filiform. Leaves terete, grooved, 3-5 in. long, slender; +tip. 3-toothed. Fl. in dichotomous cymes. + +Red Sea Prov. (Suakin northwards). + + +=C. sp.= + +Leaves broad-linear; stipular sheaths transparent, chartaceous. + +Red Sea Prov. (Dongonab). + + + =TYPHACEÆ.= + + +738 =Typha angustata= _Bory_ & _Chaub._ BURDI & DIS—Arab. + +Marsh or aquatic herb. Leaves alt., strap-shaped, ⅙-½ in. broad. +Flowering stem erect, terminated by a dense, felt-like cylindrical +spike, interrupted at or below the middle by a naked space, ¼-1 in. +long, the upper spike being male and the lower female. Male fl.: sta. 3; +filam. connate; fem. fl. mingled with bracteoles, clavate or spathulate +much longer than surrounding hairs. + +Nubia; Blue Nile, White Nile & Kordofan Provinces. + + +=T. angustifolia= _Linn._ + +Marsh herb, 5-6 ft. high. Leaves linear, ⅓-⅓ in. broad. Male portion of +spike longer than and ¼-1½ in. distant from fem. portion of spike. Male +fl. with forked, acute, or entire spathulate bracteoles. Fem. fl. with +orbicular-spathulate, obovate or obcordate bracteoles about as long as +the surrounding hairs. + +Red Sea Prov. (24 miles West of Suakin). + +The fibrous leaves are used for matting, ropes, baskets and also for +paper-making. + + +=T. australis= _Schum._ & _Thonn._ + +Leaves linear or strap-shaped, ¼-½ in. broad. Male and fem. portions of +spike subequal, contiguous to 1 in. distant. Male bracteoles variously +shaped, entire or 2-3 forked. Fem. bracteoles as long as, or slightly +longer than hairs and lanceolate-spathulate, sometimes fusiform-clavate, +acute or acuminate. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Bahr El Jebel (Sudd). + + + =ARACEÆ.= + + +739 =Pistia Stratiotes= _Linn._ EL TŪBBUR (Kordn.)—Arab; KOF—Nuer; +PANGBADUPER—Zande. The Water-Lettuce. + +Gregarious, floating, stemless, monœcious herb, with tufted root-fibres. +Leaves sessile in a rosette forming a cup; nerves radiating from base. +Spathe small with spadix adnate to back of its short tube. Male infl. a +whorl of 2-8 connate anthers near top of spadix. Fem. fl. of a single +ovary, apparently arising from back of the spathe. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli & Jongol’s Post); White Nile & affluents. + +A decoction or infusion of this plant is considered as cooling and +demulcent. The leaves are made into poultices for piles. The root is +laxative and emollient. The ashes are applied to ring-worm of the scalp. +The plant is eaten in time of famine. + + +740 =Sauromatum nubicum= _Schott._ + +Herb with depressed globose rootstock; flowers and leaf not appearing +together. Leaf solitary, pedatisect: pet. 12-18 in. long, glabrous; +segments of blade 7, broadly lanc., acumin., middle segm. longest, ab. 9 +in.; veins subparallel uniting into an intramarginal vein. Ped. 2-6 in. +long; spathe tube ab. 2 in. long, blackish-purple within, limb 8-10 in. +long, spotted; spadix 8-9 in. long, male and fem. spikes ab. 1½ in. +apart; neuter organs placed just above fem. spike; terminal appendix of +spadix 7-8 in. long, purple-brown. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli). + + +741 =Stylochiton near S. gabonicus= _N.E. Br._ + +Herb with 1 oval, cordate leaf; flowers not seen. + +Mongalla Prov. (Maleik). + + +=S. lancifolius= _Kotschy_ & _Peyr._ + +Herb; leaves appearing before the flowers, elliptic-oblong or lanc., 3-4 +in. long, rounded at base; pet. 2½-4 in. long, appearing out of the +ground. Ped. ½-¾ in. long; spathe ab. 2 in. long, tube underground; +spadix 1½ in. long. Fem. fl. 5 in a single ring, furnished with an +urceolate minute per.; male fl. distant on spadix from fem. fl.; +appendix 0. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: River Dimbo, Abu Gurun’s Zariba, River Jur, +Jur Ghattas & Kutshuk Ali’s Zariba; Bongo: Lessi River; Niamniam-land: +Makporru Hill). + + +742 =Amorphophallus Schweinfurthii= _N.E. Br._ GANDAH (White Nile)—Arab. + +Herb with 1 long-stalked leaf divided into 3 main segments which are +again much subdivided, of a diam. up to 2 ft., not appearing with +flowers. Ped. 4-6 in. long; spathe dark purple; tube 2 in. long, pale in +the throat; limb 4 in. long with a pointed, curved hood. Spadix shorter +than spathe with a 2 in. long purple cylindric appendix; male and fem. +fl. in denser rings covering 2 in. of spadix; per. 0. + +Upper White Nile Prov. (Kaka); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas; +Niamniam-land: Makporru Hill); Bahr El Jebel. + +It is said to be eaten as a pot-herb when young. + + +=A. cf. A. Schweinfurthii= _N.E. Br._ + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post). + + +=A. maculatus= _N.E. Br._ + +Tall herb with 1 palmati-tripartite leaf, with numerous subdivisions, 2½ +ft. in diam.; pet. 2½ in. long, spotted olive green; ped. not produced +with the leaf, 2 ft. long, spotted; spathe convolute below; tube 5 in. +long, spotted grey, hairy inside; limb 8 in. long, ovate, red-veined. +Spadix with fem. fl covering 2 in., male fl. 1 in.; appendix 16 in. +long, cylindric, violet. + +Mongalla Prov. (Sheikh Tombé). + + +=A. sp.= + +Much like above but leaf segments much narrower. Fl. not seen. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé); Mongalla Prov. (Kenissa). + + +743 =Anchomanes dubius= _Schott._ + +Herb with solitary pinnati-tripartite, much divided leaf, 2-3 ft. diam., +appearing after the flowers, armed on pet. and nerves with prickles; +pet. 3-5 ft. long, white spotted. Ped. up to ab. 3 ft. long, prickly, +with 1 in. white spots; spathe 6-12 in. long, boat-shaped, convolute at +base, pale purple. Spadix sessile, 4-8 in. long, without appendix; fem. +part 1 in. long, purple, remainder male. Per. 0. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Geneina & Jur Ghattas). + + +744 =Colocasia Antiquorum= _Schott._ KOLOKASS—Arab; MANZI—Zande. + +Tuberous rooted herb, with large stoutly petioled, peltate, ovate- +cordate, sagittate leaves. Originally introduced from Asia. + +Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + +Cultivated for its tuber, but all parts are utilised after being well +boiled to separate the acrid matter common to most aroids. + + +745 =Culcasia scandens= _P. Beauv._ + +Slender climber. Leaves lanc. to elliptic, 3-7 in. long, gland-dotted; +pet. 1-3 in. long, sheathing. Ped. 1-4 at ends of branches, up to 3 in. +long; spathe ab. 1½ in. long, convolute, hooded. Spadix ab. 2 in. long; +fem. part ½ in. long, male 1-1¼ in.; appendix 0; per. 0. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: River Mokloio near Dukuttu; Jur: Geneina & +Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Lado: Doka’s). + + + =HYDROCHARITACEÆ.= + + +746 =Hydrilla verticillata= _Royle._ =var. brevifolia= _Casp._ + +Diœcious aquatic herb; stems elongate, branched. Leaves in verticils of +4 ovate or ovate-oblong, dentate, ab. ¼ in. long; lower leaves much +shorter than internodes. Male spathe 1-flowered, axillary, solitary; +perianth double of 3 segments each, outer ovate, inner linear; sta. 3. +Fem. spathe tubular 2-dentate; per. segments 6, narrower than male; +ovary exserted beyond the spathe, long-beaked; styles 3. + +Bahr El Jebel (2° N.L.). + + +747 =Lagarosiphon Schweinfurthii= _Casp._ + +Aquatic herb. Leaves alt., lin.-lanceolate, ½ in. long, minutely +toothed. Male spathes many-flowered; per. 2-seriate; sta. 3; staminodes +often 2-3. Fem. spathe narrowly oblong, 1-flowered, with 1-3 teeth on +either side; styles 3. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur & Bongo lands). + + +=L. cordofanus= _Casp._ + +Leaves scattered, ½-1 in. long, linear. Male spathe sub-globose, 2-fid, +6-8 flowered. Fem. spathe axillary tubular, 2-fid. + +White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol). + + +748 =Vallisneria spiralis= _Linn._ + +Submerged aquatic herb with very short stem and strap-shaped leaves, +4-18 in. long, minutely-toothed. Male spathes axillary on 1-2 in. long +stalks, many-flowered; fl. trimerous, detaching themselves when fertile +(as also in foregoing genera) and floating to the surface to fertilise +the fem. fl. Fem. spathe tubular on long stalk rising to the surface, +but withdrawing itself into the mud by spiral contraction after +fertilization; stigma 3-lobed, hairy above. + +White Nile Prov. (12° 10′ L.N. & Goz Abu Gum’a); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(main River); Bahr El Jebel. + + +=V. æthiopica= _Fenzl._ + +Much like above, but leaves under 3 in. long. + +White Nile Prov. (14° 30′ L.N. & J. Nyemati); Fung Prov. + + +749 =Ottelia alismoides= _Pers._ + +Aquatic herb with very short stem. Leaves with long 3-angled pet., +broadly cordate, 4-6 in. wide, 7-11 nerved Fl. hermaphr., solitary; ped. +6-12 in. long, at length spirally contracted; spathe 3-6 toothed and +winged, adnate to ovary; outer per. segm. 3, oblong, ½ in. long, inner +segm. 3 petaloid, white, 1 in. long; sta. 6-10; styles 6, bifid; ovary +6-celled. + +White Nile Prov. (Tawila); Kordofan Prov. + + +=O. lancifolia= _A. Rich._ + +Leaves radical, lanceolate, tapering into the pet., which is +subamplexicaul at the base. Spathe bifid; inner per. lobes yellow. + +White Nile Prov. (Tawila); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, Middle Gindi basin, +4,900 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. + +The seeds are pounded into meal by Nuers, and eaten. + + +=O. ulvæfolia= _Buch._ + +Leaves attenuate at both ends, 7-nerved, 1½ in. broad. Spathe winged, +obtusely 6-angled; inner per. lobes bright yellow, 1 in. long. + +White Nile Prov. (Salati); Bahr El Jebel (Sudd). + + +=O. near O. ulvæfolia= _Buch._ + +Submerged leaves narrowly linear-oblanceolate, up to 1 ft. long. Spathes +1¾ in. long, smooth. Flowers yellow. + +White Nile Prov. (Tawila). + + +750 =Boottia scabra= _Benth._ & _Hook. f._ + +Leaves submerged, thin, oblanceolate, 1½-2 ft. long, 2½ in. wide; +petiole 1 ft. long, expanded at the base into an amplexicaul base. +Spathe 3½ in. long, unisexual, rugose, toothed. Petals yellow or cream +coloured. + +White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Bahr El Jebel (Sudd). + + +=B. abyssinica= _Ridl._ + +As above, but spathe smooth, and only 2 in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas & Main River); Mongalla Prov. (Kagulu +Khor, Yei River); Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + + +751 =Thalassia Hemprichii= _Ehrb._ + +Submerged marine plant. Leaves fascicled at intervals, linear, 6 in. +long. Infl. diœcious; male spathes solitary, 2-leaved; per. 3-lobed; +sta. 6. Fem. fl. at length stalked; ovary long-beaked. Fruit globose. + +Red Sea Prov. (Suakin & Arakea). + + +752 =Halophila ovata= _Gaud._ + +Submerged marine herb, just above low-water mark. Leaves 2 from each +node, ovate, 1 in. long; pet. 1 in. long. Male fl. solitary; per. +3-lobed; sta. 3. Fem. fl. sessile in the spathe; per. segm. 3, minute; +styles 3; ovary beaked. + +Red Sea Prov. (Suakin). + + +=H. stipulacea= _Aschers._ + +Leaves linear, 2 in. long; pet. ¼ in. Much as above. + +Red Sea Prov. (Dongonab). + + + =LEMNACEÆ.= + + +753 =Lemna polyrhiza= _Linn._ + +Duckweed, the floating front bearing several roots. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Meshra El Rek). + +It has been suggested that this plant might be utilised in anti-mosquito +work, as pools covered with it never contain larvae of the Culicidae. + + +=L. paucicostata= _Hegelmeier._ + +The floating frond nearly ⅓ in. long, bearing 1 root. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (J. Nyemati); Kordofan +Prov. (Fula Habsha); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Abwo stream 8,200 ft.); +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Kutshuk Ali’s Zariba); Mouth of Bahr El +Jebel. + + +=L. æquinoctialis= _Welw._ + +Floating frond minute with a keel above, bearing 1 root. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Makporru Hill & Nganye near the +River Ibba). + + +754 =Wolffia Delilii= _Schleid._ + +Duckweed; frond minute, rootless. + +Kordofan Prov. (Bara); Darfur Prov. (Suruj District: J. Barkin). + + + =LILIACEÆ.= + + +755 =Smilax kraussiana= _Meisn._ + +Climbing shrub with prickly stem. Leaves oblong or orbicular, 5-6 in. +long with 3 basal nerves and 2 stipular tendrils from base of petiole. +Infl. diœcious in short-peduncled, many-flowered axillary umbels. Per. +segm. 6; male fl.: sta. 6; filam. short; fem. fl.: staminodes 6 or +fewer; ovary 3-celled, superior as in all this Order. Berry size of a +pea. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: River Buddu); Mongalla Prov. (Yei +River). + + +756 =Asparagus Pauli-Guilelmi= _Solms._ DALADE & DILEH—Golo. + +Erect undershr., 4-5 ft. high. Leaves minute, scale-like, with a hooked +prickle at the bases, bearing in their axils 1-5 narrow, linear pointed +leaf-like branchlets (cladodes), ¼ in. long. Fl. axillary solitary or +paired; per. white, minute, 6-partite; sta. 6; style short, stigmas 3; +berry size of a pea. + +Nubia; Kordofan Prov. (Agari); Upper White Nile Prov. (Renk); Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Jur River & Wau, Dinka country, Ghabat +El Arab, Rek District); Bahr El Jebel. + + +=A. Schweinfurthii= _Baker._ + +Prickly shrub. Cladodes in fascicles of 3-6, ¾-1¼ in. long. Fl. in +axillary pairs. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: on the banks of the River Gendua). + + +=A. asiaticus= _Linn._ + +Prickly climbing shrub. Cladodes 6-15 in a cluster, ½ in. long, stout. +Fl. several in axillary clusters. + +Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Darfur Prov. (Kulme 3,600 ft.). + + +=A. africanus= _Lam._ DAHUAB—Hadendowa; UM MUSHBUT & MESHEIT (Meshra El +Zeraf)—Arab; GAGALI—Bari; BUT—Dinka; TIANKA—Burun. + +Tall, prickly shrub. Cladodes densely fascicled, stout, ½-1 in. long. +Fl. umbellate from sides and tips of branchlets. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. +(Mulbeis); Darfur Prov. (J. Murra: Niurnya 6,500 ft.); Upper White Nile +Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf to mouth of Sobat River); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Meshra El Rek, Jur Ghattas); Bahr El Jebel. + + +=A. racemosus= _Willd._ DAYOK (Fung) & BEKHEISET—Arab; CHII—Golo; +BARAKURI—Zande. + +Rambling and scandent, prickly undershr. Cladodes 2-6 in a cluster, ½-¾ +in. long. Racemes solitary or fascicled, 1-2 in. long. + +Red Sea Prov. (Port Sudan, Suakin: 19° 30′ N.L.); Fung Prov. Sherif; +Kordofan Prov.; Sobat River; Bahr El Ghazal Prov.; Bahr El Jebel. + +The fruit is eaten by the Golos. The root is used as a demulcent, +diuretic, anti-dysenteric, etc., also as a demulcent in veterinary +medicine. + + +757 =Sanseviera Ehrenbergii= _Schweinfth._ TUMBAT—Hadendowa. + +Perennial, somewhat aloe-like herb. Leaves 12-15 distichous, basal, +thick, striated, up to 5-6 ft. long. Infl. a panicle, 5-6 ft. long, with +peduncle; per. tubular with 6 linear lobes, white tinged with red, ½-¾ +in. long, lobes longer than tube; sta. 6, as long as the lobes, anthers +versatile; style filiform. + +Nubia (between Atbara & the Red Sea); Red Sea Prov. (Khor Ashat & Wadi +Qossir near Suakin). + + +=S. nilotica= _Baker._ + +Leaves 3 ft. long, flat, mottled, 1½ in. broad. Raceme lax, bearing +clusters of 3-9 white, tinged with green, flowers; per. ¾-1 in. long, +lobes longer than tube. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu: Mvolo). + + +=S. abyssinica= _N.E. Brown._ BASSAL EL WADI (Kassala), ZA’AF EL FIL, +Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf), UM KUSM (Kordofan), KHAZAN +(Baggara)—Arab; RRUK (J. Daier), GILLIA (J. El Amira), NALIAK (J. +Eliri)—Nuba; TOI or TOIRO—Jur; TAR—Dinka (Bahr El Ghazal); +BARANGA—Zande. + +Leaves 2 ft. long or more, lanceolate, acute, rugose. Raceme up to 2½ +ft. long; clusters 4-5 flowered. Flowers not described. + +Fung Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov.; Nuba Mts. Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Jur: Zeriba Agad, Jur Ghattas); Bahr El Jebel. + +Used as a source of fibre, in Bongo-land the women make kilts of the +fibre which resemble horse tails. + + +758 =Aloe Schweinfurthii= _Baker._ + +Fleshy plant. Leaves rosulate, ensiform, 18 in. long, 2 in. broad at +base, margined with deltoid spines. Peduncle stout, compressed, +branched, 2 ft. long, bearing racemes 6-9 in. long; per. pale-red, up to +1 in. long; tube short; segm. 6; sta. 6. Fr. oblong, 3-angled, 3-valved. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +=A. commutata= _Todaro._ + +Acaulescent. Leaves rosulate, oblong, lanceolate, 10-12 in. long, +spotted white; marginal teeth large. Ped. branched, 2-3 ft. long; +racemes 3-6 in. long; per. bright-red, 1½ in. long, constricted above +the ovary. + +Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 6,000 ft.). + + +=A. abyssinica= _Lam._ KALANDO—Hadendowa. + +Stem short. Leaves rosulate ensiform, 2 ft. long, spotted when young; +marginal teeth large. Ped. branched, 2 ft. long; racemes dense, 3-4 in. +long; per. yellow, 1 in. long. + +Red Sea Prov. (Sinkat, Wadi Sarrawib, Erkowit, J. Sihaba). + + +=A. crassipes= _Baker._ + +Leaves ensiform, 1 ft. long and under 1 in. broad; teeth large, rather +hooked. Ped. stout, 18 in. long; raceme 6 in. long with 2 short branches +at base; per. 1¼ in. long, constricted above the ovary. + +Nubia (between Suakin & Berber at Kishi). + + +=A. sp.= NARURA (J. Eliri)—Nuba. + +Leaves 1 ft. long, gradually tapered upwards, repand-dentate, about 2 +in. broad near the base. Fruiting panicle about 1 ft. long. Fruits +ellipsoid, 1 in. long. + +Nuba Mts. Prov, (J. Eliri to El Amira). + + +759 =Dracæna Ombet= _Kotschy_ & _Peyr._ BATT—Hadendowa. + +Many times branched, palm-like tree, 8 ft. or over, bearing dense +clusters of ensiform leaves, 2 ft. long at ends of branches. Infl. +panicled, 1 ft. or more long; fl. white, ¼ in. long; per. segm. 6; sta. +6; fr. a 3-celled berry. + +Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit, Khor Ashat, Anguab mountain, west of +Suakin). + + +=D. elliptica= _Thunb._ & _Dalm._ + +Shrub with much-branched, slender woody stems. Leaves oblong, 5-6 in. +long; pet. short, channelled. Infl. panicled; per. whitish, ½ in. long; +segm. 6; sta. 6; berry 3-lobed, 3-seeded. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River: Kagiko). + + +760 =Asphodelus fistulosus= _Linn._ =var. tenuifolius= _Baker._ + +Herb with rosette of radical, hollow, pointed leaves, 6-9 in. long. Ped. +shorter than leaves; infl. panicled; racemes lax, pedicels jointed at +middle; per. white, ⅓ in. long; segm. 6, keeled with brown, spreading +from a short tube; sta. 6; anthers versatile; fr. globose, ⅛ in. diam. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.); Berber Prov. (Abu Hashim). + +The seeds are officinal and are said to be diuretic. + + +761 =Bulbine asphodeloides= _Roem._ & _Schult._ + +Tuberous acaulescent herb. Leaves 10-20 in dense basal rosette, 6-18 in. +long. Ped. shorter than leaves; raceme 3-6 in. long; pedicels solitary, +jointed at top; per. bright yellow, ⅓ in. long, segm. 6, divided to +base; sta. 6; filam. densely bearded; anthers versatile; caps. 3-angled, +⅓ in. long. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Abu Gurun’s +Zariba). + + +762 =Eriospermum abyssinicum= _Baker._ + +Tuberous herb. Leaf solitary, lanceolate, 5-6 in. long, appearing after +flowers. Ped. wiry, 3-6 in. long; racemes lax, 6-8 in. long; pedicels +jointed at apex; per. segm. 6, separate, white, keeled brown, ¼ in. +long; sta. 6, unequal, shorter than per.; caps. ¼ in. long with 3 +obovate, reflexing valves. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: banks of the River Gendua); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas & Zariba Kutshok Ali); Mongalla Prov. (Lado +District: Doka’s). + + +763 =Acrospira sp.?= + +Anthers basi-fixed, twisting up spirally. + +Darfur Prov. (Kulme 3,600 ft.). + + +764 =Anthericum monophyllum= _Baker._ + +Herb with tuber crowned with bristles; stem slender, angled, ½ in. long. +Leaf solitary, lanceolate, 6-9 in. long, with a clasping base from the +middle, enclosed by a sheath. Raceme simple 1-3 in. long; pedicels +solitary, ¼ in. long, jointed at the middle; per. ½ in. long, white; +segm. 6, free, as all in this genus, with a brown, 3-nerved keel; sta. +6; anthers basifixed, as all in the genus, as long as filam.; caps. +3-angled, shallowly lobed, also as others in this genus; seeds angular. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas). + + +=A. triphyllum= _Baker._ + +Rootstock tuberous; fibres wiry. Leaves ab. 3, with long sheathing base +and lanceolate blade, 4-6 in. long and ab. ½ in. broad, with raised +veins and thickened margins. Ped. slender, pubescent, grooved, 6-8 in. +long; raceme 3-4 in. long; pedicels short, articulated, lower geminate; +bracts lanceolate, up to ¾ in. long. Per. ¼ in. long; segm. separate, +white with 3 brown ribs. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: by the River Jur). + + +=A. cf. A. triphyllum= _Baker._ + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post). + + +=A. superpositum= _Baker._ + +Rootstock and root-leaves not known. Ped. 24-30 in. long, bearing 3-4 +sessile, oblong leaves 3-6 in. long. Racemes 1-3, lax, 2-3 in. long; +pedicels short, articulated at middle, lower 3-4-nate; per. ⅙ in. long; +segm. linear, white, with a green keel; sta. nearly as long as per., +anthers small; caps. ⅙ in. diam. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: River Ibba). + + +=A. triflorum= _Ait._ BERĪD (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab. + +Rootstock fibrous, not tuberous; neck crowned by a dense ring of +bristles. Leaves linear, 1 ft. or more long. Ped. 12-18 in. long, +angled; raceme dense, 3-6 in. long; pedicels 1-4-nate, jointed in +middle; per. ab. ½ in. long; segm. lanceolate, 5-7 nerved, white with +red-brown keel; sta. ¼ in. long; filam. scabrous. Caps. oblong. + +Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Bongo: Lessi River); Mongalla Prov. (Bor & +Mongalla). + +Said to be poisonous to cattle. + + +=A. near A. usseramense= _Baker._ + +Leaves several, basal, ensiform. Ped. long, flattened; pedicels short, +articulated at middle, lower geminate; racemes panicled; per. greenish- +white, ¼ in. long. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post). + + +765 =Chlorophytum macrophyllum= _Aschers._ + +Herb, not tuberous; root fibres long. Leaves 4-5 to a stem; blade +membranous, lanceolate, 12-18 in. long, narrowed at both ends; pet. 6-12 +in. long, channelled. Ped. 6-12 in. long; raceme simple or branched at +base, 6-8 in. long; pedicels articulated, ab. ⅓ in. long, the lower +fascicled; lower bracts ab. 1 in. long. Per. white, ⅓ in. long, segm. 6, +free, with a 3-5 nerved brown keel; sta. 6, shorter than per., filam. +and anthers ⅛ in. long resp.; caps. ⅓ in. long and as others in this +genus deeply 3-lobed and seeds flat. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: banks of the River Gendua); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=C. blepharophyllum= _Schweinfth._ + +Root crowned with dense bristles. Leaves ab. 4 sheathing base of stem, +lowest small, others oblong-lanceolate, 4-8 in. long. Ped. slender, +shorter than leaves; rac. dense, 2-3 in. long, simple or forked at base; +pedicels short, articulated, lowest 2-3-nate. Per. dark-green, ⅓ in. +long; segm. linear with 5-nerved keel. Caps. deeply emarginate, ⅓ in. +long. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma). + + +=C. pusillum= _Schweinfth._ + +Tuberous herb. Leaves ab. 4, basal, oblong, 4-5 in. long, sessile, +crisped at margin. Rac. dense, simple, 1-2 in. long, sessile in centre +of rosette of leaves; pedicels short, articulated, clustered. Per. ⅙ in. +long, white; segm. with a greenish-brown keel. Caps. globose, ¼ in. +diam. + + +=C. Schweinfurthii= _Baker._ + +Leaves 5-6 to a stem, oblong-lanceolate, not distinctly petiolate, 12-15 +in. long, 2 in. broad. Ped. 2-3 in. long; rac. 2-3 in. long, dense, +simple or branched at base; pedicels short, articulated at middle, lower +2-3-nate. Per. ¼ in. long, greenish. Caps. ⅙ in. long, ¼ in. diam. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas). + + +=C. gallabatense= _Schweinfth._ + +Rootstock horizontal. Leaves 6-8 to a stem, thin, lanceolate, narrowly +clasping, 12-18 in. long. Ped. slender, 1 ft. long; rac. many, +ascending, the end one 6-9 in. long; pedic. short, articulated at +middle, lower 2-3-nate. Per. dull greenish-white, ⅙ in. long. Caps. ¼ +in. diam. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur +Ghattas). + + +=C. ciliatum= _Baker._ + +Neck of rootstock crowned with a ring of bristles. Leaves 3-4, with +sheathing base and lanceolate blade, 4-6 in. long, ciliated on margin. +Ped. slender, up to as long as leaves; racemes usually simple, dense +upwards, ab. 3 in. long, lower 3-4-nate, ab. ⅓ in. long. Per. ¼ in. +long. Caps. ⅓ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Kutshuk Ali). + + +=C. tenuifolium= _Baker._ + +Leaves 5-6 to a stem, linear, 12-18 long, ⅓-½ in. broad, narrowed to +base. Ped. long, slender; rac. lax, cylindric, up to 6-9 in. long; +pedicels solitary ab. ⅓ in. long, articulated below the middle. Per. ⅓ +in. long, segm. linear, white with a green keel; anthers small; caps. +subglobose, emarginate, ⅓ in. long. + +Mongalla Prov. + + +=C. andongense= _Baker._ + +Tall herb. Leaves up to 2 ft. long, oblanceolate. Ped. up to 3 ft. long, +bearing a lax panicle of many ascending racemes 1-2 ft. long; pedicels +articulated at middle, lower 5-6-nate, finally 1 in. long. Per. ab. ½ +in. long, brownish-green or white with 3-nerved green keel. Caps. +oblong, ⅓-½ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, Jur Ghattas); Bahr El Jebel (Mongalla Prov.: +Bor). + + +=C. longifolium= _Schweinfth._ + +Rootstock horizontal, crowned with bristles. Leaves ab. 6 to a stem, +firm, linear, 12-18 in. long, ½-¾ in. broad, ciliate on margin. Ped. +12-18 in. long; rac. simple, 3-5 in. long, dense; pedicels very short, +lower 2-3-nate. Per ⅓ in. long, segm. lanceolate; anthers small. Caps. +deeply emarginate ¼-⅓ in. long. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma). + + +=C. micranthum= _Baker._ + +Neck of root crowned with a dense ring of fibres. Produced leaves firm, +linear, 4-6 in. long, ¼ in. broad. Ped. slender, as long as leaves; rac. +lax, simple or forked, at length 6-8 in. long; pedicels very short, +artic. at middle, lower 3-4-nate. Per. greenish-white, ⅛ in. long; segm. +linear laxly 3-nerved; anthers minute. Caps. ⅙ in diam. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Kutshuk Ali’s Zariba). + + +=C. tuberosum= _Baker._ SHANDAHA or SHANDAHAT & ASLANGA—Arab. + +Root fibres bearing tubers at end; rootstock crowned with a dense ring +of bristles. Leaves 6-10, firm, lanceolate, base sheathing the stem, +3-12 in. long, ciliated at margin. Rac. 5-6 in. long, including ped., +often forked near the base; fl. fairly dense on rachis, white; pedic. +short, artic. below middle, lower 2-3-nate. Per. ½ in. and more long; +segm. oblong, obscurely 7-nerved; filam. ⅙-¼ in. long; anthers ab. same +length, linear, curling after dehiscence. Caps. obovoid, ⅓ in. long. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Blue Nile Prov. (Abu Haraz & Dinder +River); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (southwards from +Hillet Abbas); Darfur Prov.; Bahr El Jebel. + +Edible. + + +=C. polystachyum= _Baker._ + +Neck of rootstock crowned with a few bristles. Produced leaves ab. 6 to +a stem, linear, ab. 1 ft. long, ¼-⅓ in. broad. Ped. as long as leaves; +rac. several, panicled, lax, the lower forked; pedic. ⅙-¼ in. long, +artic. at middle, lower 3-4-nate; per. campanulate, ⅛ in. long; segm. +green with white margin; anthers minute. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas). + + +=C. breviscapum= _Dalz._ + +Rootstock erect, not bristly. Leaves linear-lanceolate, up to 9 in. long +and 1¼ in. broad. Racemes longer than the leaves; bracts lanceolate, +acuminate, about ½ in. long, ciliolate. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambe). + + +=C. Tinneæ= _Baker._ + +Root leaves not known. Ped. very slender 6-12 in. long, bearing several +linear reduced leaves. Rac. very lax 6 in. long; pedic. very short, +lower 2-3-nate. Per. 1/5 in. long; segm. oblong with 3-nerved keel; sta. +rather shorter than per.; anthers linear, twice as long as filam.; +ovules 12 in a cell. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur). + + +=C. spp.= + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (near Wau); Mongalla Prov. (Lado: Doka’s, & +Kagulu). + + +766 =Dasystachys aurea= _Baker._ + +Herb; leaves 5-6 to a stem, erect, glabrous, linear, 24-30 in. long, 1 +in. broad at middle, base sheathing, margins obscurely ciliated. Ped. +erect, 3 ft. long, bearing a few reduced leaves, pubescent. Raceme +subspicate, 6-12 in. long; lower bracts large, lanceolate; fl. at first +clothed with golden pubescence. Per. ¼ in. long; segm. 6, oblong, white +with red-brown keel; sta. 6, as long as per.; anthers longer than +filam.; style much exserted. Caps. deeply 3-lobed; seeds flat. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Kutshuk Ali’s Zariba, Niamniam-land: Hu +River). + + +767 =Allium (Molium) spathaceum= _Steud._ + +Herb; bulb globose 3 in. diam. Leaves 1-2, linear, thin, up to 9 in. +long. Ped. 4-9 in. long; umbel of 10-15 fl.; spathe of 1 short ovate +valve; pedic. ½-¾ in. long. Per. ⅙ in. long, white; segm. with distinct +brown keel; sta. 6. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit). + + +=A. ascalonicum= _Linn._ + +Herb; bulb ovoid, ¾ in. diam. Leaves few, linear, up to 1 ft. long and ¼ +in. broad. Peduncle longer than the leaves, stout; pedicels slender, +crowded, about ⅓ in. long. Per. ⅙ in. long, white. + +Kordofan Prov. (Bara). + + +=A. alibile= _A. Rich._ + +Bulb globose, ab. 1 in. diam. Leaves not known. Ped. 18 in. long; umbel +many-flowered; pedic. short; spathe short, many-valved. Per. +campanulate, pale rose, segm. ovate-obl., acute; filam. of 3 inner sta. +tri-cuspidate, 3 outer lanceolate. + +Sudan? + + +768 =Dipcadi unifolium= _Baker._ + +Bulb ½ in. diam. Leaf 1, linear, 6-7 in. long, base long sheathing. Ped. +ab. 5 in. long; rac. laxly 3-6 flowered; pedic. very short. Per. green +as others in this genus; tube ⅙ in. long; inner segm. flat, ⅙ in. long, +outer caudate, 1/5 in. long; anthers subsessile. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Gendua River). + + +=D. fesoghlense= _Baker._ + +Leaves 2, 6-8 in. long, very narrow. Ped. 4 in. long; rac. laxly many- +flowered; pedic. very short. Per. ½ in. long, tube and inner segm. ¼ +in., outer segm. caudate, just longer. + +Red Sea Prov. (Dongonab); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli & Jongol’s Post). + + +=D. filifolium= _Baker._ + +Bulb ab. ½ in. diam. Leaves 2, subterete, 1 ft. long. Ped. 1 ft. or +more; rac. lax 3-10 flowered; pedic. short. Per. fulvous green; tube and +inner segm. ⅙ in., outer up to ⅓ in. long. + +Upper White Nile Prov. (Sobat mouth); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur +Ghattas). + + +=D. tacazzeanum= _Baker._ + +Bulb 1 in. diam. Leaves 2-3, linear, flat, 3-4 in. long. Ped. 6-9 in. +long; rac. 6-12 flowered; pedic. very short. Per. tube and inner segm. ¼ +in. long respectively, outer segm. ⅓ in., subulate-falcate. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Abu Gurun’s Zariba); Mongalla Prov. +(Mongalla). + + +=D. lanceolatum= _Baker._ + +Leaves 4-5, lanceolate, 3-4 in. long. Ped. 8-18 in. long; rac. very lax, +½-1 ft. long; pedic. very short. Per. tube ab. 1/5 in. long; inner segm. +a little longer, outer complicate, ab. ¼ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Gir). + + +769 =Drimia laxiflora= _Baker._ + +Bulb and leaves not known. Ped. slender, 15-18 in. long; rac. very lax, +6-8 in. long; lower pedic. up to ½ in. long. Per. gamophyllous, ab. ⅓ +in. long, greenish-brown; tube campanulate; segm. oblong twice as long +as tube; style slightly exserted. Caps. deeply lobed; seeds flat. + +White Nile Prov. (Khor Attar). + + +770 =Albuca tayloriana= _Rendle._ + +Bulb ¾ in. diam. Leaves radical, narrow-linear. Ped. ab. 2 ft. long; +rac. 4-5 in. long, laxly 10-12 fld., cylindrical; lower pedic. ⅓ in. +long. Per. segm. free, ½ in. long, outer spreading, oblong greenish- +white, with a broad, purple, 7-nerved keel, inner segm. connivent, +hooded; sta. 6, filam. subulate; style subulate, more than twice length +of ovary. Caps. 3-valved; seeds flat, black. + +Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla to Gemeiza). + + +=A. Schweinfurthii= _Engl._ + +Bulb 1 in. diam. Leaves linear, 24-30 in. long, ⅓ in. broad. Ped. longer +than leaves; rac. 1 ft. or more, 20-30 fld.; pedic. short; lower bracts +up to 1½ in. long. Per. nearly 1 in. long; segm. linear-obl., pale +yellow with a broad red-brown keel. Caps. ovoid, ab. ½ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam: at the River Buddu, near Abu Samat’s +Zariba). + + +=A. purpurascens= _Engl._ + +Bulb 2-3 in. diam. Leaves linear 12-18 in. long. Ped. slightly longer; +rac. 6-8 in. long, 10-15 fld.; pedic. half as long as fl.; lower bracts +ab. ½ in. long. Per. ab. ½ in. long; segm. lin.-obl., with a broad +purplish keel. Caps. ovoid, ab. ½ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Kutshuk Ali’s Zariba, Jur River; +Mittu; Kuragerra & Dimindu). + + +=A. Steudneri= _Schweinfth._ + +Bulb over 1 in. diam. Leaves 6-10 in. long, ⅓-½ in. broad below. Ped. 1 +ft. or more long; rac. lax, 8-10 fld.; pedic. half as long as fl. Per. +over ½ in. long; segm. linear, with a broad green keel. Caps. oblong, ½ +in. long. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat). + + +771 =Urginea micrantha= _Solms._ ABUTKULA—Hadendowa. + +Bulb 2-3 in. diam. Leaves linear, appearing after the flowers. Ped. 1-2 +ft. long; raceme 12-18 in., moderately dense; pedic. rigid, jointed at +apex, up to ¾ in. long. Per. ⅙ in. long, segm. 6, free, white with +1-nerved brown keel; sta. 6, shorter than per.; anthers versatile, +small. Caps. globose, acutely angled, ¼ in. diam. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Fung Prov. (Roseires, Jongol’s Post, etc., +etc.); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 5,800 ft.); South of 13° N.L.; Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Kutshuk Ali’s Zariba, Abu Gurun’s Zariba; Mittu at +Reggo; Dar Fertit; Deim Zubeir & near Chak-Chak). + +The starch contained in the bulbs is used by the Hadendowas to stiffen +their hair. + + +=U. indica= _Kunth._ + +Bulb and leaves much as above. Ped. 1-2 ft. long; rac. 6-12 in., very +lax; pedic. ascending, lower 1-2 in. long. Per. ⅓-½ in. long; segm. +whitish, keel brownish-green, 2-3 nerved. Caps. oblong, ½-¾ in. long. + +Fung Prov. (J. Moya & Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Meshra El +Rek). + +The bruised bulbs are applied as a poultice for rheumatic pains or +contusions. + + +=U. Petitiana= _Solms._ + +Bulb 1½ in. diam. Leaves linear, appearing after fl. Ped. up to 2 ft. +long; raceme 6 in., dense above; pedic. very short; bracts linear, ¼-⅓ +in. long. Per. 1/5 in. long, segm. white; keel 2-3 nerved, greenish- +brown. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Mongalla Prov. (Bor to Mongalla). + + +=U. nigritana= _Baker._ + +Bulb moderately large. Leaves linear, channelled, 12-18 in. long. Ped. +18-24 in. long; rac. up to 18 in., lax; upper pedic. short, lower up to +1½ in.; bracts up to ¾ in. long. Per. ab. ¾ in. long, segm. whitish with +a broad 5-nerved red-brown keel. Caps. ovoid, ½-¾ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Mittu: Dimindu; Niamniam-land: River Buddu). + + +772 =Scilla spicata= _Baker._ + +Bulb 1 in. diam. Leaves 2, lanceolate, 2-5 in. long. Ped. 4-6 in. long; +spike 1-2 in., dense. Per. campanulate, bright purple; segm. 6, +1-nerved, minute; sta. 6, short; anthers versatile. Caps. 3-valved. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau River). + + +=S. edulis= _Engl._ MAKPĀRA—Bongo. + +Bulb over ½ in. diam. Leaves 4-6, linear, up to 3 in. long. Ped. +slender, 2-3 in. long; raceme up to 2 in. long, fairly dense; pedic. +short; per. mauve-purple, ⅛ in. long; sta. ab as long, filam. mauve- +purple. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla). + + +=S. indica= _Baker._ + +Bulb up to 2 in. diam. Leaves 5-6, lanceolate, 6 in. long, sheathing. +Ped. ab. 6 in. long; rac. 3-4 in. lax; ped. ¼-⅓ in. longer, lower +drooping. Per. campanulate, greenish-purple, ⅛ in. long; filam. purple. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma). + + +=S. Schweinfurthii= _Engl._ + +Bulb ¾ in. diam. Leaves 3-6, linear, 2-3 in. long. Ped. 2-3 in. long; +raceme ab. 1½ in. lax, lower fl. drooping; centr. pedic. ⅙ in. long. +Per. campanulate, green, ⅙ in. long; filam. pale. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas). + + +=S. mæsta= _Baker._ + +Bulb ab. 1½ in. diam. Leaves 5-6, lanceolate with a few purple spots, +4-6 in. long. Ped. 2-3 to a bulb, ab. 4 in. long; rac. 1-2 in. dense, +lower ped. drooping, ⅓ in. long. Per. campanulate, green, ⅛ in. long. + +Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla). + + +=S. modesta= _Baker._ + +Bulb ab. 1½ in. diam. Leaves 2, obl. or lanc., 2-6 in. long. Ped. 2-6 +in. long; rac. 2-3 in., lax; pedic. ab. ⅙ in. long. Per. campanulate, +green, ⅛ in. long; filam. pale. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Wau). + + +=S. chlorantha= _Baker._ + +Bulb 1½ in. diam. Leaves 3, obl. or obl.-lanc., 6 in. long, 1-2 in. +broad, sheathing at base. Ped. 4 in. long; rac. 3-5 in., moderately +dense; pedic. ab. ⅙ in. long. Per. campanulate, green, ⅛ in. long; +filam. green. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas). + + +=S. lilacina= _Baker._ BASSAL EL KELB, KILGA & BERID (Blue Nile)—Arab. + +Bulb ½ in. diam. Leaves 6-8, obl.-lanc., thin, 3-4 in. long, ab. 1 in. +broad. Ped. 4-6 in. long; rac. 3-5 in., lax; pedic. ab. ⅓ in. long. Per. +tubular-campanulate, ¼ in. long, pale purple; filam. bright mauve- +purple. + +Blue Nile Prov. (Abu Haraz); Upper White Nile Prov. (Renk); Kordofan +Prov. + + +=S. cf. S. lanceæfolia= _Baker._ + +Leaves obl. or obl.-lanc., spotted dark green. Rac. 2-3 in. long; pedic. +longer than fl. Per. campanulate, purplish, ab. ¼ in. long; filam. +purple. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post). + + +773 =Ornithogalum Eckloni= _Schlecht._ + +Bulb 1-2 in. diam. Leaves 4-6, linear, 1-2 ft. long, ab. ¾ in. broad +near base. Ped. fairly stout 18-24 in. long; rac. 3-4 in., rather dense; +pedic. short, ascending. Per. ¼ in. long; segm. free, obl., white with +green keel; sta. 6, hypogynous, shorter than per.; filam. linear; +anthers versatile. Caps. globose, ¼ in. diam. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas). + + +774 =Gloriosa virescens= _Lindl._ HABALEKO—Rashida. + +Sarmentose herb climbing by means of prehensile leaf-tips. Leaves +usually obl. or obl.-lanc., with tendril-like tips, 5-6 in. long, the +lower verticillate or opp. Infl. a lax terminal corymb; pedic. long, +nodding at tip. Per. ab. 2 in. long; segm. free, lanceolate-cuspidate, +slightly or not crisped, usually bright red, ultimately strongly +reflexed; sta. 6, hypogynous, shorter than per.; style over 1 in. long, +3-forked above. Caps. ab. 2 in. long. + +Red Sea Prov. (Karora); Kordofan Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov. (Kio); +Darfur Prov. (Kulme 3,600 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas & +Wau; Shambe); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla & Lado. Asugi). + +Probably has medicinal properties; the tuber is poisonous. + + +=G. virescens= _Lindl._ =var. grandiflora= _Baker._ + +Fl. larger; per. segm. 3-4 in. long. + +Mongalla Prov. (Abu Kuka). + + + =PONTEDERIACEÆ.= + + +775 =Eichornia natans= _Solms._ + +Aquatic herb; stems floating or creeping in the mud. Submerged leaves +sessile, linear, 2-4 in. long; floating leaves petiolate, ½-1 in. long, +½-1 in. broad ovate or orbicular, cordate; produced sheath of petiole +(so-called stipule) up to 1¼ in. long. Fl. apparently issuing from below +middle of pet. of floating leaves. Perianth inferior; segm. 5, united +below, blue, ¼ in. diam.; sta. 6; ovary 3-celled; style shortly 3-6 +lobed. Caps. spindle-shaped, ½ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: between Gir & Addai; Ghazal R.). + + +776 =Heteranthera kotschyana= _Fenzl._ + +Aquatic herb; stem creeping in the mud. Leaves 1-3 in. long ovate, +cordate; pet. 2-8 in. long, whose sheath embraces the membranous spathe +out of which issues the 2-4 in. long spike. Per. segm. 6; sta. 3. Caps. +½-¾ in. long. + +Kordofan Prov. (between Melbes & El Obeid); White Nile Prov. (J. +Arashkol); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Gurfala). + + +777 =Monochoria africana= _N.E. Br._ + +Aquatic herb. Leaves radical, 3-4 in. long, ovate, acuminate, slightly +cordate; pet. long. Flowering stems 11-14 in. long with a leaf or +tubular leaf-sheath at their summit enclosing a filiform-pointed spathe +1 in. long. Raceme 2-4 in. long, emerging from the spathe. Per. segm. 6, +free, blue or violet; sta. 6, unequal, the filam. of largest toothed; +stigma of 3 bifid lobes. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas). + + + =TACCACEÆ.= + + +778 =Tacca pinnatifida= _Forst._ + +Rootstock tuberous, up to 1 ft. diam. Leaves radical, long-petioled (1-3 +ft. long), large, dividing into 3 forked branches; final segments ovate +or lanceolate. Fl. many in an umbel; ped. 1-3 ft. long; bracts 4-6 in a +whorl; per. superior; segm. 6, all small, greenish-brown; sta. 6, filam. +hooded, purple; stigma peltate; lobes 3, bifid; berry 1 in. long, +subglobose. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur +Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Bor to Gigging, Yei River). + +The tuber yields starch, which is said to be similar to arrow-root, but +of poor quality. It is not cultivated, but is gathered wild and eaten. + + + =DIOSCOREACEÆ.= + + +779 =Dioscorea (Helmia) sativa= _Linn._ MAYDOK or NYTI, also MERE +(aerial tuber) & BARANDOKA (undergr. tuber)—Zande. The Yam. + +Herbaceous twiner with edible tuber. Leaves alt., ovate or orbicular, +cuspidate, cordate, 1 ft. long, 7-9 nerved, often with bulbils in the +axils. Infl. diœcious, spicate, the male spikes fascicled at leafless +nodes. Male fl. minute; per. segm. 6; sta. 6. Fem. fl. also minute; per. +segm. 6; styles 3. Caps. deeply 3-lobed; seeds broadly winged at base. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land); +Mongalla Prov. (Sheikh Tombé). + +The plant is cultivated throughout Tropical Africa for food, and flour +being made from the dried tubers. + + +=D. sagittifolia= _Pax._ + +Twining herb with tuberous root. Leaves triangular-sagittate, 4-5 in. +long, 5-nerved. Male spikes geminate. Fem. fl. and fruit unknown. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Okale). + +Tuber probably edible. + + +=D. alata= _Linn._ + +Twiner with 4-winged stem; tuber large, edible. Leaves usually opp., +ovate-acuminate, cordate, 7-nerved, 6-9 in. long. Caps. glabrous, 1¼ in. +diam., 3-winged; seeds orbicular, winged all round. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River). Cultivated, see +above _D. sativa_ L. + + +=D. abyssinica= _Hochst._ + +Twiner; stem terete. Leaves ovate-acuminate, cordate, 7-nerved, 3-4 in. +long. Caps. orbicular, deeply-lobed, 1¼ in. diam.; seeds orbicular, +winged all round. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur +Ghattas). + + +=D. schimperiana= _Hochst._ + +Leaves as above, but 5-nerved and rather larger and hairy. Infl. +pubescent. Caps. with 3 orbicular lobes, 1 in. long and 1½ in. diam.; +seeds orbicular, winged all round. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Gumango Hill); Fung Prov. +(Bunzaga). + + +=D. (Helmia) dumetorum= _Pax._ + +Twiner, often prickly. Leaves 3-fol., pubescent beneath; end leaflet +obovate, cuspidate, 5-6 in. long, side leaflets oblique. Male fl. in +short axillary panicles; fem. fl. laxly racemed. Caps. 3-angled, 2 in. +long; seeds 1 in. long, with large basal wing. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Nuba Mts. Prov. (Khor Ganna near +Kadugli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Tuhami’s Zariba); +Mongalla Prov. (Lado Dist.: Yambi Khor). + +Poisonous, but can be rendered edible by pounding and washing. + + +=D. phaseoloides= _Pax._ + +Unarmed twiner. Leaves 3-fol.; end leaflet oblong, 2½ in. long. Male fl. +in fascicled axillary spikes; fem. fl. and fr. unknown. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Gumango Hill). + + +=D. (Helmia) beccariana= _Martelli f._ + +Unarmed twiner. Leaves 5-fol.; leaflets obovate or oblong 3-4 in. long. +Male fl. in fascicled axillary spikes. Fem. fl. in long lax spikes. +Caps. oblong, acutely 3-angled, ¾ in. long; seeds with long oblong basal +wing. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur +Ghattas). + + + =COMMELINACEÆ.= + + +780 =Palisota Schweinfurthii= _C. B. Ce._ + +Herb 3-7 ft. long; young parts shaggy with fulvous or greyish hairs. +Leaves whorled up to 26 by 8 in., elliptic, densely hairy on the margin. +Flowers in a dense cylindric panicle, very numerous. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Boddo R. & Nabambisso R.). + + +781 =Commelina nudiflora= _Linn._ BE-EID (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab. + +Marsh herb; stems decumbent, 1-2 ft. long. Leaves alt., 1-3 in. long, +lanceolate; sheaths 1-2 in. long. Infl. of 2 racemes enclosed in a +folded ovate-lanceolate, ½-2 in. long spathe; fl. 1-3 in the lower and +3-8 in upper rac.; sep. 3; pet. 3, 2 with long claws, blue; sta. 2-3 +perfect, 2-3 sterile; seeds 5, reticulated. + +White Nile Prov.; Upper White Nile Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Kulme 3,600 ft. +& J. Marra 4-5,500 ft.); Bahr El Jebel (Sudd from southwards); Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + +It is said to be medicinal and to be eaten by cattle. + + +=C. subulata= _Roth._ + +Weak herb 6-15 in. long. Leaves 2 in. long, linear. Spathes nearly +sessile, ½ in. long ovate. Fl. blue, hardly exserted from spathe; seeds +5, pitted and wrinkled. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Kordofan Prov. (Abu Garad). + + +=C. benghalensis= _Linn._ BAYAD (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab. + +Hairy herb, 1-3 ft. long. Leaves ovate-elliptic 1-3½ in. long; spathes +subsessile, funnel-shaped by lower margins being connate ⅓ in., ½-⅔ in. +long, crowded near tips of branches; seeds 5, rough or wrinkled. + +Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Soturba, near Suakin, Khor Tamanib); Kassala Prov. +(Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Upper White Nile Prov. +(Meshra El Zeraf); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla). + +The fleshy rhizomes sometimes contain much starch and are wholesome food +when cooked. + + +=C. Forskalæi= _Vahl._ DUEID (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; NIOK (Meshra El +Zeraf)—Dinka. + +Pubescent branched herb, 8-24 in. long. Leaves oblong, up to 2 in. long. +Spathes ½-⅔ in. long, funnel-shaped on ped. up to ⅓ in. long. Pet. blue; +seeds 1-3, smooth. + +Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Wadi Erkowit, Suakin, Sea-coast to between +3,000-4,000 ft.); Kassala Prov. Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); +Kordofan Prov. (Bir Sodari, J. Kurbaj, El Obeid); White Nile Prov. (J. +Arashkol); Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf). + + +=C. africana= _Linn._ + +Glabrous trailing herb, 1-3 ft. long. Leaves up to 3 in., oblong +subsessile. Spathes 1-2 in. long, folded, ovate on ped. up to ⅔ in. +long. Pet. yellow; seeds reticulated. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River, Makporru Hill). + + +=C. involucrosa= _A. Rich._ + +Large herb. Leaves 1½-5 in. long, lanceolate, pubescent. Spathes 2½ in. +long, simply folded; ped. 1 in. long. Fl. probably yellow. + +Red Sea Prov. (Khor Tamanib). + + +=C. krebsiana= _Kunth._ + +Leaves hairy on both sides when mature, otherwise as _C. africana_. + +Red Sea Prov. (near Erkowit); Upper White Nile Prov. (mouth of Bahr El +Jebel). + + +=C. Kotschyi= _Hassk._ + +Glabrous herb. Leaves 2 in. long, lin.-lanceolate, subsessile, often +crenulated. Spathes subsessile, ½-⅔ in. long, broadly ovate, 1-3 near +ends of branches. Pet. intensely blue. Caps. small, constricted; seeds +smooth, brown. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau). + + +=C. imberbis= _Hassk._ + +Herb, 1-2 ft. high; internodes 2-3 in. long. Leaves narrow- to ovate- +lanceolate, 5 in. long, the upper sessile, often auricled at base. Ped. +few, scattered, exserted ½-1½ in. Spathes broadly ovate, ab. 1 in. long, +margins free or nearly so. Pet. blue. Caps. ¼ in. long; seeds 4, nearly +smooth, brown. + +Fung Prov. (Roseires). + + +=C. latifolia= _A. Rich._ + +Slightly hairy herb; internodes long. Leaves obl.-lanc., sessile, upper +cordate or nearly sagittate, 3½ in. long. Ped. 1-2 at top of branch, +exserted ½-1 in.; spathes broadly ovate, ¾ in. long, margins shortly +connate at base. Pet. blue. Caps. ¼ in. long; seeds 4, nearly smooth, +brown. + +Kordofan Prov. (Abu Haraza). + + +=C. bracteosa= _Hassk._ + +Slightly hairy herb, 15 in. high; internodes 2 in. long. Leaves +elliptic-acuminate, 3½ in. long. Ped. 1-2 at ends of branches, slightly +exserted; spathes broadly ovate, ab. 1 in. long, slightly white-hairy, +margins connate at base. Pet. blue. Caps. ⅙ in. long, papery; seeds 3. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambe). + + +=C. æthiopica= _C. B. Clarke._ + +Tufted herb, 8-14 in. high; internodes 1-2½ in. long. Leaves broadly +obl.-lanc., 3½ in. long. Ped. 1-2 at ends of branches, hardly exserted; +spathes and fl. as above. Caps. 2-seeded. + +Upper White Nile Prov. (Barboi); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, Jur Ghattas, +Kutshuk Ali’s Zariba). + + +782 =Aneilema sinicum= _Lindl._ + +Herb; stems 1-3 ft. long. Leaves linear, 8-10 in. long, ¼ in. broad. +Infl. a cymose panicle, subtended by a bract (not spathe) ½-2 in. long, +lin.-lanc. Sep. 3, minute; pet. 3, blue or dull purple, ¼ in. long or +more; sta. 6, 2 fertile; filam. bearded at base. Caps. 1/5 in. long; +seeds 6. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Agad Zariba, Wau); Mongalla Prov. (Bor +southwards). + +=var.= (β) =longifolia= _C. B. Clarke._ + +Rather larger in all parts; fertile sta. sometimes 3. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas; Niamniam-land: Sway River). + + +=A. tacazzeanum= _Hochst._ + +Weak decumbent herb, 1-2 ft. long. Leaves elliptic, 3 in. long. Fl. in +terminal cymose panicles; bracts minute, ovate. Pet. probably yellow; +filam. bearded at base; seeds 2-6. + +Red Sea Prov. (Khor Gwob). + + +=A. beniniense= _Kunth._ + +Trailing herb, 1-2 ft. long. Leaves ovate-elliptic or obl., acuminate, +2-5 in. long. Fl. in 1-2 terminal panicles; cyme peduncles often 100 or +more. Pet. very small, blue or white; fertile sta. usually 3, filam. +without hairs; seeds 5-7. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: by the Linduku River & Nabambisso +River). + + +=A. Schweinfurthii= _C. B. Clarke._ + +Minutely pubescent herb; stems 8-14 in. high. Leaves on barren stems +obl.-lin., 4½ in. long but on flowering stems few, oblong, 1-2 in. long. +Pan. terminal, dense, pubescent, at length 1¼ by ¾ in.; bracts and +bracteoles small. Pet. small, blue. Caps. nearly ¼ in. long, white; 4 +seeded. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas; Bongo: Gir. Khor Ajok, between +Wau & Chakchak). + + +=A. near A. soudanicum= _C. B. Clarke._ + +Hispid herb, up to 15 in. high. Leaves obl. or elliptic-lanc., sessile, +obtuse, 3 in. long, lowest reduced to scales. Pan. dense, 1½ by ¾ in. +terminal; bracts ⅙ in. long, bracteoles smaller. Pet. white or pale +blue. + +Mongalla Prov. (Bor). + + +=A. pedunculosum= _C. B. Clarke._ + +Weak, trailing, sparsely hairy herb; stems 6-24 in. long. Leaves +elliptic or ovate, acuminate, 2 in. long. Pan. terminal, small, +frequently on short lateral branches; sep. minute; pet. very small, +blue; fertile sta. usually 3, filam. slightly bearded. Caps. 1/5 in. +long, shining, pale; seeds 4, pale. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambe). + + +=A. Russegeri= _C. B. Clarke._ + +Much like _A. Schweinfurthii_. + +Nubia; Fung Prov. (Fazoghli). + + +783 =Cyanotis hirsuta= _Fisch._ & _Mey._ + +Stems from a bulb; flowers in small heads exserted from the leaf- +sheaths; leaves oblong-lanceolate. + +Red Sea Prov. (Karora Hills). + + +=C. lanata= _Benth._ + +Annual with fine woolly hair when young; stems 4-18 in. long. Leaves +narrowly obl.-lanc.; up to 3 in. long. Infl. scattered, axillary and +peduncled, of 1-4 clustered scorpioid cymes ab. ½ in. diam.; outermost +bract usually ½-1 in. long; bracts falcate, in 2 rows or densely packed. +Sep. 3, more or less connate at base; pet. 3, small, blue (?), the claws +more or less coherent into a tube; sta. 6, perfect; filam. bearded. +Caps. thin, 3-celled; seeds 5-6. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur +Ghattas, Bongo: Gurfala). + + +=C. djurensis= _C. B. Clarke._ + +Herb with white wool on young parts; sterile stem short, bearing linear +leaves up to 10 in. by ½ in.; flowering stems 12-20 in. long with linear +leaves 6 in. long when present. Heads of several clustered cymes; outer +bracts to terminal heads 2-3 in. long, linear; bracts distinctly +2-ranked; fl. blue. + +Darfur Prov. (Kulme 3,600 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); +Mongalla Prov. (Bor). + + +=C. Cæspitosa= _Kotschy_ & _Peyr._ + +Herb, at first villous, then glabrate; sterile stems abrupt; basal +leaves tufted, obl.-lanc., 3 in. long, shaggy at base. Leaves on +flowering stems 0-1 (besides floral leaves) reduced to sheaths with a +triangular point. Fl. heads hardly ½ in. long of 1 or few cymes; outer +bracts ½-1 in. long; falcate bracts 2-seriate in cymes, hairy. Fl. red. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir). + + +784 =Floscopa rivularis= _C. B. Clarke._ + +Decumbent herb; stems 1-2 ft. long. Leaves obl.-lanc., sessile on +sheaths 2-4 in. long. Panicle 1-2½ in. long, dense, brown-hairy, +terminal. Sep. 3; pet. 3, purple or rose; sta. 6; filam.-naked; caps. +2-valved, 2-seeded, small. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land); Mongalla Prov. (Bor). + + +=F. Schweinfurthii= _C. B. Clarke._ + +Thinly hairy annual, 6-8 in. high. Leaves ovate-lanc., sessile, 2 in. +long. Pan. terminal, leafy; cymes 1½ in. long, hairy, dense. Caps. +minute. Colour of fl. not known, probably yellow. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Sabbi and Kulengo). + + +=F. flavida= _C. B. Clarke._ + +Slightly hairy annual, 2-5 in. high. Leaves lanc., sessile, 2½ in. long. +Pan. terminal, slender; cymes few, ½-1½ in. long. Cal. purple; cor. +yellow. Caps. small. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Agada, Jur Ghattas, Abu Gurun’s Zariba). + + + =AMARYLLIDACEÆ.= + + +785 =Hypoxis angustifolia= _Lam._ + +Tuberous-rooted herb. Leaves 6-12, radical, 6-12 in. long. Ped. 1-4, +shorter than leaves. Corymbs lax 2-6 flowered; per. yellow, ⅓ in. long, +3 outer segm. green and hairy outside; sta. 6; stigmas 3; ovary +inferior, 3-celled, as in all this family. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas). + + +=H. sp.= + +Leaves few, linear, 9-12 in. long, 1/5 in. broad, 3-nerved, thinly +pilose. Flower (only 1 seen) ⅓ in. long, long-pilose outside; segments +yellow, ovate-lanceolate. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River: Kagulu). + + +786 =Curculigo gallabatensis= _Schweinfth._ + +Herb; tuber 2 in. long. Leaves 3-4, linear, plicate, 1-2 ft. long. Fl. +solitary; per. superior, base adnate to ovary, produced into a beak-like +tube, 2 in. long; segm. 6, yellow, spreading, ab. ½ in. long, the 3 +outer lobes reddish and hairy outside; sta. 6; stig. 3, united. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: banks of the River Gendua); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas and by the River Wau); Mongalla Prov. (Gemeiza). + + +787 =Crinum tinneanum= _Kotschy_ & _Peyr._ + +Bulbed herb; leaves not known. Fl. 12-30 in an umbel, rose-red; spathes +2-3 in. long; per. tube 3 in. long; segm. 6, linear, spreading, 1½ in. +long; sta. 6, filiform; anthers versatile; stigma capitate. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (main-river); Bahr El Jebel (Gondokoro). + + +=C. purpurascens= _Herb._ + +Bulbed herb. Leaves numerous, strap-shaped, 1½-3 ft. long. Ped. shorter +than leaves; fl. 4-6 in an umbel, red; spathes 2-3 in. long; per. tube +5-6 in. long; segm. 2-3 in. long, lanceolate; sta. 6, filaments 2-3 in. +long, purple; style capitate, longer than stamens. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (between Wau and Deim Zubeir.) + + +=C. ammocharoides= _Baker._ + +Leaves 6-8 to a bulb, 1 ft. long, 1 in. broad. Ped. stout, compressed, +3-6 in. long, bearing an umbel of 10-20 bright-red flowers; spathes 2-3 +in. long; per. tube 3-4 in. long; segm. linear, 2-3 in. long; sta. 6, +filaments bright red, 2-3 in. long; style capitate, rather longer. + +Kordofan Prov. (Obeid); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas). + + +=C. pauciflorum= _Baker._ + +Bulb 2-3 in. diam. Leaves 6-8, 12-18 in. long, only ¼ in. broad, erect. +Ped. slender, 6-8 in. long; fl. 1-2 to an umbel; spathe valves 2-3 in. +long. Per. tube curved, 4-5 in. long; segm. 3 in. long, 1 in. broad, +acute, white with a distinct red keel. Filaments 1 in. shorter than per. +segm.; anthers ½ in. long; style overtopping anthers. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas). + + +=C. scabrum= _Herb._ LANGABO—Golo. + +Bulb 5-6 in. diam. Leaves 12 or more, 2-3 ft. long, 1½-2 in. broad at +middle, scabrous at margin. Ped. fairly stout, 1-2 ft. long; umbel 4-8 +flowered; spathe valves 2-3 in. long. Per. tube curved, greenish, 4-5 +in. long; segm. ab. 3 in. long, 1 in. broad, acute, white with a +distinct red keel; filam. rather shorter than and style reaching tip of +per. segm. + +Fung. Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. (El Obeid); Darfur Prov. +(Kulme and J. Marra, 5,000 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, +Bongo: Gir). + + +=C. giganteum= _Andr._ + +Differs from above by leaves 3-4 in. broad in middle and narrowing to +the base and by the pure white flowers. + +White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (between Rumbek and Shambé); +Mongalla Prov. (Bor). + + +788 =Hæmanthus multiflorus= _Martyn._ GASH-EL-FIL—Arab; OU—Golo. + +Bulb 2-3 in. diam. Leaves 3-4, 6-12 in. long, 3-4 in. broad. Ped. +separate from the leafy stem; fl. in dense globose umbels, 3-6 in. +diam., blood-red; spathe-valves 6-8, 2 in. long. Per. tube cylindric, ½ +in. long; segm. linear, 3-nerved, 1 in. long; filam. longer than per. +segm.; fruit a scarlet berry. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov.; Darfur Prov.; Bahr El +Jebel. + + +=H. filiflorus= _Hiern._ + +Differs from above chiefly by broader leaves, 5-6 in. broad and 1-nerved +per. segments. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir, Jur: Jur Ghattas, Dar Fertit: +Pongo River). + + +=H. rupestris= _Baker._ + +Bulb small. Leaves 2, 6 in. long, 4 in. broad. Spathe valves 4-5, +reddish, 1½ in. long; per. segm. 3-nerved, ½ in. long. + +Kordofan Prov. (Melbes). + + +789 =Pancratium tortuosum= _Herb._ + +Bulb long-necked, 2 in. diam. Leaves 6-12, 6-12 in. long, spirally +twisted. Ped. very short; umbel 2-4 flowered; spathe valve 1. Per. tube +5-6 in. long; segm. linear, white. Filam. connate into a cup 1 in. long, +toothed between the filam. tips, all white. + +Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Erkowit, between Suakin and Khor Tamanib). + + +=P. trianthum= _Herb._ ATTAB—Golo. + +Leaves 6-8, 12 in. or more, not twisted. Umbel of 1-3 flowers; spathe +valves and teeth of staminal cup bifid, otherwise as above. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Red Sea Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Bahr +El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas and Jur Aweit); Bahr El Jebel. + + +=P. maximum= _Forsk._ + +Leaves 4-5. Ped. 1-flowered; per. tube greenish, 4 in. long; segm. 2½ +in., white; cup 2 in. long, faintly lobed. + +Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Suakin). + + + =IRIDACEÆ.= + + +790 =Lapeyrousia abyssinica= _Baker._ + +Herb with bulbous stem (corm), 6-12 in. high. Leaves 3-4, distichous, +3-6 in. long. Spikes lax 2-6 flowered; per. corolline, lilac, 6-lobed, ¾ +in. long; sta. 3, ⅓ in. long; ovary inferior, 3-celled; style +3-branched, branches bifid. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma). + + +791 =Tritonia bongensis= _Pax._ + +Cormed herb; stem 1 ft. long. Leaves 2, distichous, 1 ft. long. Spikes +lax, 3-6 in. long; per. red-purple; tube ⅓ in. long; segm. 6, oblong, +clawed, ¼ in. long; sta. 3; style 3-branched, branches simple, clavate; +ovary inferior. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo; Lessi River); S.E. Sudan. + + +792 =Gladiolus quartinianus= _A. Rich._ + +Cormed herb, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves distichous 3-4, 18 in. long. Spikes +6-12 in. long, 6-9 flowered; spathe ab. 2 in. long; per. blood-red, more +commonly pale-yellow; tube 1½ in. long; segm. 6, 2 in. long and 1 in. +broad; sta. 3; style branches 3, spreading, flattened; ovary inferior. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Darfur Prov. (Kulme 3,600 ft.); Upper White +Nile Prov. (Kio); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Niamniam-land: +Gumango Hill); Bahr El Jebel. + + +=G. unguiculatus= _Baker._ + +Herb with 2-3 sheathing leaves, 18 in. long. Per. 1¼ in. long, white, +tinged with greenish-brown; segm. clawed. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Bongo: south-west of Tonj +River). + + +793 =Romulea Bulbocodium= _Seb._ & _Mauri._ + +Small crocus-like herb with membranous truncated bulb-scales; leaves +linear, recurved; flowers blue-purplish with yellow anthers; common in +the Mediterranean region. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit, 4,000 ft.). + + + =ZINGIBERACEÆ.= + + +794 =Kæmpferia æthiopica= _Benth._ TONYANGWI (Bahr El Ghazal)—Dinka; +KAMUTWEN—Jur. + +Herb, the handsome solitary flowers appearing out of the ground before +the leaves. Leaves 3-5, oblong-lanceolate, 9-18 in. long. Calyx funnel- +shaped, 1½ in. long; cor. tube exserted from calyx, lobes lanceolate, 1½ +in. long, lilac-coloured; fertile sta. 1, anther ½ in. long; staminodes +5, petaloid, ab. 3 in. long, bright red-purple; ovary 3-celled. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Gendua River); Fung Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Jur: Jur Ghattas, Dar Fertit: between Chak Chak & Deim Zubeir); +Mongalla Prov. (Bor). + + +=K. rosea= _Schweinf._ + +Flowers pink or lilac with yellow and deep purple streaks, many on a +raceme, contemporary with the leaves. + +Darfur Prov. (Kulme); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Niamniam- +land: Gumango Hill); Mongalla Prov. (Bor). + + +795 =Cadalvena spectabilis= _Fenzl._ + +Acaulescent herb with leaves in a rosette and few pale-yellow fl., 3 in. +long, on short stalks from the centre. Calyx funnel-shaped, shortly +toothed; cor. lobes 3, lanceolate, 2 in. long; fertile stamen shorter +than cor. lobes; anther ½ in. with pale yellow strap-shaped appendage; +side staminodes small, anterior one (lip) 3 in. long, pale yellow. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Jur Ghattas). + + +796 =Costus pterometra= _Schumann._ + +A tall herb. Leaves obovate or oblanceolate, acute, acuminate, about 8 +in. long and 3½ in. broad. Spikes ellipsoid, 3 in. long. Bracts +elliptic. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River). + + +=C. trachyphyllus= _Schumann._ + +Tall herb. Leaves oblong ab. 1 ft. long. Spikes many-flowered, 3 in. +long, terminal; outer bracts orbicular, 1¼ in. diam., inner oblong, +membranous. Cal. funnel-shaped, ½ in. long; cor. lobes oblong, 1½ in. +long; fertile sta. 2 in. long petaloid, anther ¼ in., half-way down; +lateral staminodes minute, 2 or absent; lip obovate 3 in. long white or +tipped rose; style filiform, passing between lobes of anther, as in most +others of this family. + +Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Mbrwole & Yuru Rivers). + + +797 =Amomum polyanthum= _Schumann._ AKORI—Zande. + +Stem tall, leafy. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, 1 ft. or more, pilose +beneath. Fl. in a globose head on a basal peduncle 6-12 in. long, with +large, imbricate bracts. Cal. funnel-shaped, slit one side; cor. tube +cylindrical, dorsal lobe boat-shaped, lateral lanceolate spreading; +lateral staminodes 0; lip oblong purplish-yellow 1 in. long: fertile +anther with 3-lobed crest; filaments filiform. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Linduku River); Belgian Congo +(Niamniam-land: Diamvonu Stream). + + +=A. luteo-album= _Schumann._ + +Leafy herb with stout root-stock; leaves hairy on veins. Much as above; +lip white with yellow middle. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River); Belgian Congo +(Niamniam-land: Wando Village). + + +=A. sanguineum= _Schumann._ + +Stem up to 15 ft. high. Leaves 1½ in. long, pubescent beneath. Infl. +globose, simple or branched, radical; fl. enclosed in large brown +bracts; dorsal cor. lobe bright red, 1½ in. long; lip pale yellow, 1½ +in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River); Belgian Congo +(Niamniam-land: Assika & Nabanda & Yuru Rivers). + + +=A. Korarima= _Pereira._ HABAHAN—Arab; ?NONGA—Zande. + +Fruit flask-shaped 2 in. long, flattened one one side, glabrous. + +Found in Abyssinia, on the Upper Sobat, from where its fruit is exported +to the Sudan as a kind of Cardamom. It is said to be found also in the +Southern B. El Ghazal Prov. + + +=A. giganteum= _Oliv._ & _Hamb._ + +Stems 15-20 ft. Leaves up to 2 ft. long and 6 in. broad. Flowering stem +radical, 2 ft. long; flower spikes distichous enclosed in bracts; cor. +lobes 2 in. long; lip 3 in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Sabbi). + + +=A. spp.= + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Atasilli River +& Yuru River). + + + =MARANTACEÆ.= + + +798 =Thalia geniculata= _Linn._ + +Herb, up to 6 ft. high. Leaves with long petioles, sheathing the stem at +the base, blades up to 1 ft. long and 6 in. broad. Infl. in a large lax +panicle; bracts oblong, ½-1 in. long enclosing pairs of flowers; sep. 3, +small; pet. 3, purple; staminodes violet, longer than petals; lip +obovate, purple, crested; anther 1-celled on a narrow lobe. + +Sobat River (Nasser); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Niamniam- +land: Gumango Hill). + + +799 =Clinogyne cuspidata= _K. Schum._ + +Stems branched and leafy up to 12 ft. high. Leaves 1 ft. or more by 6 +in., pinnately streaked with white, cuspidate, with sheathing pet. +Panicles copious: flowers in pairs, one on a longer pedicel; sep. 3, ⅓ +in. long; pet. 3; staminodes united in a tube at the base, ⅔ in. long, +yellow or purple; lip obovate, keeled inside; sta. 1, anther 1-celled. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: +Diagbe River). + + +=C. ugandensis= _K. Schum._ + +Stems moderately stout. Leaves grey-green, 4-6 in. long, cusp eccentric; +pet. sheath 5 in. long. Fl. much as above. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River District, Doka’s). + + +=C. azurea= _Schum._ + +Stems tufted. Leaves 4-8 in. long, lower ones reduced to sheaths, cusp +very acute. Bracts 2-flowered, 1 in. or more long; fl. bright blue, 1 +in. long. + +Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Wando’s village). + + +800 =Trachyphrynium Braunianum= _Baker._ + +Tall shrub with slender branchlets. Leaves oblong, cuspidate, 3-6 in. +long; sheaths 2-4 in. long. Infl. terminal, simple; bracts oblong- +lanceolate, 1 in. long, enclosing pairs of whitish flowers, 1 in. long; +sep. 3, lanceolate, ½ in. long; pet. 3, connate at base; staminodes +connate, 1 in. long; lip broad obliquely crested; sta. ligulate, anther +adnate, 1-celled. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River); Mongalla Prov. +(Lado); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Mbrwole & Atassili Brook). + + + =MUSACEÆ.= + + +801 =Musa Schweinfurthii= _K. Schum._ et _Warb._ Niamnian-land. + +=M. Ensete= _Gmel._ BOGGUMBOLI or BOO—Zande. + +Plant 30-40 ft. high with a stem ventricose at base and a plume of +leaves up to 20 ft. long and 3 ft. broad. Fl. in terminal spicate +panicles, unisexual; peduncle short; flowering panicle short; bracts +densely imbricate, dark-brown, the lower 1 ft. long, 4-5 in. broad. Fl. +whitish 1½-2 in. long, in 2 dense rows, each of up to 20 flowers. Fruit +2-3 in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land); Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + + +=M. paradisiaca= _Linn._ =subsp. sapientum= _O. Ktze._ SHAGAR EL +MUZ—Arab; FATH—Nuer; BEDIGAWA (tall plant with long triangular fruit), +BIRA (medium-sized) & TINGI-TINGI (dwarf plant)—Zande. The Banana Plant. + +Cultivated. + + + =ORCHIDACEÆ.= + + +802 =Microstylis sp.= + +Herb about 6 in. high. Leaves 2 or 3, ovate, acute, 2-3 in. long, 1-1½ +in. broad, 5-nerved at the base. Peduncle with 3 or 4 bracts. Flowers +subcapitate, flesh-coloured, transparent. Lip bilobed, slightly fringed, +⅙ in. broad. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River District: Ngoi). + + +803 =Megaclinium sp.= + +Epiphyte on tree trunks. Pseudobulbs sessile in the axil, 2 in. long. +Leaves lanceolate, emarginate, 4 in. long, 1 in. broad. Inflorescence +about 1 ft. long. Rhachis 8 in. long, ⅓ in. broad. Flowers sessile, +about 30 in each inflorescence. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River District). + + +804 =Eulophia lutea= _Lindl._ + +Ground orchid with corm.-like base. Leaves distichous, usually plicate, +linear to elliptic-lanceolate. Fl. scapes ab. 1 ft. long; racemes lax; +bracts lanceolate, ¼ in. long; 3 sepals and 2 yellow petals ¼ in. long; +lip oblong, 3-lobed; spur oblong 1/10 in. long. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River District; Kagulu Khor). + + +=E. baginsensis= _Reichb. f._ + +Ground orchid with conical pseudobulbs. Leaves ensiform 1-2 ft. long, 2 +in. broad, crenulate. Scape 3 ft. high, panicled above; bracts ovate +lanceolate ¼ in. long. Sep. 3 and pet. 2 (as in all this family, +excluding the lip); lip oblong, 3-lobed; front lobe rhomboid 3-many- +toothed; spur shorter than ovary. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +=E. stachyodes= _Reichb. f._ + +Ground orchid. Leaves lanceolate-acuminate, 5-10 in. long, appearing +after the fl. Scapes 2 ft. high; racemes 6 in. long, many flowered; +bracts lanceolate, ¾ in. long, green and purple; pet. white, ¾ in. long; +lip white with maroon streaks, 3-lobed; spur curved, 1/10 in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Yubbo River); Mongalla Prov. (Yei +River District: Ngoi); Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land). + + +=E. flavopurpurea= _Rolfe._ + +Ground orchid. Leaves elongate-linear, under ½ in. broad. Scape 2¼ ft. +high; raceme 1 ft. long, few-flowered; petals yellowish-green, ¾ in. +long; lip ligulate, 3-fid, striped purple; spur retrose, yellow at apex, +small. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +=E. Woodfordii= _Rolfe._ + +Ground orchid with tuberous rhizome. Leaves lanceolate, 8-18 in. long, +tapering to sheathing petiole. Scapes up to 3 ft. high; racemes 6-15 in. +long with many greenish and light lilac flowers; sep. ¾ in. long, pet. a +little shorter; lip ¾ in. long, somewhat trilobed, with 4 tubercles; +spur broadly saccate. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River District: Allumas). + + +=E. Schweinfurthii= _Kraenzl._ + +Ground orchid. Leaves elongate-linear. Scapes 2 ft. high; racemes few- +flowered; sep. ¼ in. long, orbicular; pet. ¼ in. long, ligulate; lip +3-lobed, 3-ridged; spur stout, conical. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land). + + +=E. guineensis= _Lindl._ + +Terrestrial orchid, with large conical pseudobulbs. Leaves lanceolate- +or obovate-oblong, 4-12 in. long; pet. ½-5 in. long. Scapes 2-3 ft. +long; racemes 8-12 in. long, many-flowered; sep. and pet. 1-1½ in. long, +brown; lip pink, ovate; spur ¾-1 in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land & Niamniam-land). + + +=E. sp. near E. Zeyheri= _Sond._ + +Erect herb about 1½ ft. high. Leaves not seen. Flowers few, beautiful +light yellow with brown lip. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei, Ngoi). + + +805 =Lissochilus pyrophilus= _Reichb._ + +In this genus all are terrestrial herbs with elongate lanceolate or +linear, plicate leaves, rising from a creeping rhizome. In this sp.: +scape 18 in. high; racemes 6-10 in. laxly many flowered; fl. brown, sep. +and pet. ¼ in. long; lip 1/5 in. long, 3-lobed; spur minute. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (near Kuraggera). + + +=L. paludicolus= _Reichb. f._ + +Leaves 1½-2 ft. long, ½ in. broad. Scape 3 ft. long; raceme 10 in. long, +laxly many yellow-flowered; sep. and pet. ½ in. long; lip obscurely +3-lobed, with 3 crenulate ridges; spur saccate, ¼ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Ibba River); Bahr El Jebel. + + +=L. Millsonii= _Rolfe._ + +Scape 2-2½ ft. long; raceme 6-8 in. long; sep. and pet. ab. 1 in. long, +cream-coloured; lip chocolate-coloured 3-lobed, with 5-9 crenulate +ridges; spur ab. ⅙ in. long. + +Mongalla Prov. (Kagulu). + + +=L. purpuratus= _Lindl._ + +Leaves 1-2 ft. long. Scape 3-4 ft. and raceme 9-12 in. long, many +flowered. Sep. and pet. faint-pink, ¾ in. long, petals broader; lip +3-lobed, side lobes purplish brown, front lobe lilac with 2-4 darker +crenulate ridges; spur conical, 1/5 in. long, pink. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Kutshook Ali, Dar Fertit: Biselli, Niamniam- +land); Mongalla Prov. (Bor). + + +=L. arenarius= _Lindl._ + +Leaves 1-1½ ft. long, ½ in. broad, appearing after flowers. Scapes 2-3 +ft. high, racemes 4-8 in., 6-10 flowers. Fl. purple with greenish +sepals; sep. ¾-1¼ in. long, lanceolate; pet. same length, broad- +elliptic; lip ab. same length; broadly pandurate 3-lobed, with thickened +crenulate median nerve; spur ab. ⅓ in. long, yellow inside. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +=L. Roscheri= _Reichb. f._ + +Fl. small lilac, probably a small form of above. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, Bongo: Gafal River). + + +=L. porphyroglossus= _Reichb. f._ + +Leaves long petioled, 3½ ft. long, 1¾ in. broad. Scapes tall; racemes 1 +ft. long, many-flowered; sep. lanceolate, 1 in. long; pet. suborbicular, +ab. 1 in., pale lilac: lip 3-lobed, 1¼ in. long, purple with 3-5 +crenulate ridges; spur ⅓ in. conical. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Hoo River). + + +=L. Schweinfurthii= _Reichb. f._ + +Leaves 18 in. or more. Scapes tall, racemes 1 ft., many-flowered; sep. +ovate-oblong, 1 in.; pet. suborbicular, slightly longer; lip +suborbicular, undulate, 1 in. long, with 3, dividing into 5, ridges; +spur ⅓ in. conical, curved. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Tuhami’s Zariba). + + +=L. orthoplectrus= _Reichb. f._ + +Scape 2 ft. high; raceme lax many-flowered. Fl. brown, striped with +purple. Sep. triangular; pet. elliptical, ab. ½ in.; lip 3-lobed, front +lobe ligulate, 5-ridged; spur conical, straight, ab. ¼ in. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: north of Uzze River). + + +=L. Wakefieldii= _Reichb. f._ & _S. Moore._ + +Leaves 4-5, about 12 in. long. Scapes 2-4 ft. long; raceme ab. 1 ft., +laxly many-flowered; sep. ovate-oblong, ⅓ in. long, green; pet. broad- +ovate, ¾ in. bright yellow; lip pandurate-oblong, ¾ in. long with +3-yellow ridges, spur conical, ab. ¼ in. + +Mongalla Prov. (Bor to Gameiza). + + +806 =Tridactyle filifolia= _Schlechter._ + +Epiphyte on rocks or trees. Stems terete, jointed, rugose. Leaves very +few, linear-acicular, acute, about 3½ in. long, glabrous. Flowers white, +with a slender spur ¼ in. long. + +Lado: Rocks at Asugi (_Sillitoe_ 146). + + +807 =Angræcum kotschyanum= _Reichb. f._ + +Epiphyte, 3-6 leaved. Leaves distichous obovate-oblong 2-5 in. long. +Racemes pendulous 9-15 in. long, many-flowered; sep. elliptic- +lanceolate, ½-1 in.; petals slightly smaller; lip pandurate ½-1 in. +long; spur curved 5-8 in. long. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli: near Kamamil); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla). + + +=A. sp.= + +Epiphyte on _Landolphia owariensis_ and other trees; roots very +numerous, straw-coloured, up to about 8 in. long. Leaves oblanceolate, 6 +in. long, with about 30 nerves. Flowers not seen. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Chak-Chak & W. of Pongo River). + + +808 =Corymbis corymbosa= _Thou._ + +Tall ground orchid; stem leafy. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, sheathing, +7-9 in. long. Panicles axillary; fl. large white; sep. and pet. narrow +below, somewhat dilated above; lip erect, linear, channelled, apex +recurved. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +809 =Nervilia Kotschyi= _Schlechter._ + +Terrestrial herb; rhizome tuberiferous. Leaves appearing after flowers, +variable in shape. Fl. racemose; sep and pet. ligulate, greenish; lip +white, oblong-flabellate, trifid at apex. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli). + + +810 =Habenaria njamnjamica= _Kränzl._ + +Terrestrial herb. Leaves 3-4, oblong or lanceolate, ab. 1 in. long, +sheathing. Racemes elongate 7 in. long; bracts ovate, longer than fl.; +dorsal sep., oblong, ¼ in. long, lateral sep. deflexed; pet. bipartite, +lobes linear-falcate; lip 3-partite, ⅓ in. long; spur inflated ⅓ in. +long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +=H. armatissima= _Reichb. f._ + +Tuber large, over 1½ in. long; leaves 2, subopposite, basal ovate- +orbicular, 3-4 in. long, 4-5 in. broad; bracts ovate, acuminate, ¾ in. +long; flowers white. + + +=H. Bongensium= _Reichb. f._ + +Ground orchid, growing in grass in moist places, 1 ft. high. Leaves +5-10, ovate-lanceolate, cauline, 1-2½ in. long. Scape 1 ft. high; raceme +6 in. dense; bracts lanceolate, ½ in.; dorsal sep. elliptic, lateral +oblong 3-nerved; pet. 2-partite, one lobe very small; lip 3-partite, +median lobe much longer; spur curved ab. ⅓ in. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land, J. Ghattas). + + +=H. Walleri= _Reichb. f._ + +Tall ground orchid with brilliant green foliage (Sillitoe), upper leaves +oblong-linear reduced. Racemes with 4 large white fl. on 3-4 in. long +pedicels; bracts ovate, ab. 1½ in. long; dorsal sep. ovate, hooded, ½ +in. long, lateral elliptic-oblong, ¾ in.; pet. 2-partite; lip 3-lobed, +side-lobes 1 in. long, front lobes shorter; spurs 3-4 in. long. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +=H. cirrhata= _Reichb. f._ + +Ground orchid with 2 in. long, oblong tuber and 3 in. stem. Leaves 4-5, +suborbicular, 2-3 in. long. Racemes few-flowered; bracts oblong, 2 in. +long; fl. large, white, vanilla-scented; dorsal sep. oblong, ½ in. +lateral deflexed, ¾ in.; pet. 2-partite, posterior lobe linear, 1 in., +anterior filiform, 3-4 in. long; lip 3-partite, lobes filiform, ab. 1 +in. long; spur 5-8 in. long. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur +Ghattas, among bushes). + + +=H. sp.= + +Herb, about 1 ft. high, with two suborbicular leaves at the base. Bracts +large and membranous, about 1½ in. long, venose. Spurs very slender, +about 4 in. long. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River), Sillitoe 140. + + +811 =Brachycorythis hispidula= _Schltr._ + +Densely leafy, velvety ground orchid, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves ovate to +ovate-lanceolate decreasing from ab. 1 in. to lanceolate, ½-1 in. long +bracts. Racemes 3-8 in. long; fl. dense white and purple; dorsal sep. +elliptic-oblong, ¼ in., lateral broader, oblique; pet. ovate, ¼ in. +long; lip 3-lobed ⅓ in. long, front lobe shorter, broadly triangular. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River District: Asugi & Ngoi). + + +=B. Schweinfurthii= _Reichb. f._ + +Leafy ground orchid, 2-3 ft. high. Leaves 2-3 in. long, imbricate, +cuneate, ligulate. Infl. spicate or racemose, dense, 6 in. long; bracts +linear-lanceolate, about as long as the purple flowers; dorsal sep. +elliptic, lateral axe-shaped; pet. oblong, incurved; lip 3-lobed, side +lobe semi-lunate, front lobe triangular, minute; spur obtuse-angled. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: on Steppes). + + +=B. grandis, var. sudanica= _Braid._ + +Erect herb, 2 ft. high; leafy from base. Leaves lanceolate, very acute, +2 in. long, ½ in. broad, 3-nerved, glabrous. Flowers pale pink. Spur +very short. + +Mongalla Prov. (Lado Dist.: Doka’s). + + +812 =Bonatea sudanensis= _Rolfe._ + +Cauline leaves sessile, elliptic-oblong, 2½-4½ in. long, 1¼ in. broad. +Racemes 5-flowered; bracts 3 cm. long. Pedicel and ovary 2 in. long. +Spur 4 in. long. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit). + + +813 =Platycoryne crocea= _Rolfe._ + +Slender ground orchid, 1 ft. high. Leaves ab. 7, cauline, lanceolate, +ab. 1 in. long. Racemes 3-4 flowered, short; bracts ovate-oblong, ¼-½ +in.; fl. orange-buff; lateral sep. and petals ovate-oblong, 1/5 in. +long; dorsal sep. ovate, hooded; lip 3-lobed, side lobes minute, front +lobe 1/5 in.; spur over ½ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: south of the Lessi River). + + + =PALMÆ.= + + +814 =Phœnix dactylifera= _Linn._ NAKHLA—Arab. The Date Palm. + +Cultivated, especially in the Northern parts of the Sudan, for its +fruit, which is called BALAH or TAMR by Arabs. + +The timber is used for beams and posts; mats, fans, baskets and ropes +are made from the leaves and crates and baskets from the petioles. The +tree yields a gum which is considered a useful remedy for diarrhœa. A +perfume is obtained by distillation, from the spathes. Date sugar can be +obtained from the juice tapped from the stem, but at the expense of the +fruit crop. (Male DAKAR, female NITAYA, green date DUFFEIG or ROTAB, +leave stalk GEREIDAH, spathe AF, male flowers ARGUN, female ZABATA, seed +NAWA)—Arab. + + +=P. reclinata= _Jacq._ KINGE—Zande. + +Much like a small date palm; stems 3-5 ft. high; leaves 2-5 ft. long, +midrib white-woolly underneath. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Genana & Jur Ghattas, near Tonj & Southern B. +El Ghazal). + +Fruit edible, leaves used for hats, mats, etc., and the trunk for +building. + + +815 =Raphia Monbuttorum= _Drude._ NAKHL EL FARAUN—Arab. + +Acaulescent, or stem up to 5 ft. long, densely annulate; leaves in a +terminal crown, large, pinnatisect. Infl. monœcious; spadices branched, +large, pendulous, cylindrical, branches and branchlets compressed, the +latter pectinately arranged; fl. solitary in cup-shaped bracts, male at +base and fem. above. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Okale). + +The stalks of the leaves, oval in section and 2 in. by 1 in. thick, are +used as carrying poles. + + +816 =Calamus Barteri= _Becc._ + +Climbing palm, up to 50 ft. high; stem ab. 1 in. thick. Leaves distant, +equally pinnate, margins, midrib and nerves of leaflets spinosely hairy, +sheaths also spiny. Spadix polygamous diœcious, branched, each branch +bearing 30-40 fl.; bracteoles of male fl. with 2 wing-like keels. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Khor Tela). + + +=C. sp.?= PODO (the fruit)—Zande. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (South). + + +817 =Ancistrophyllum Schweinfurthii= _Mann_ & _Wendl._ + +Climbing palm up to 60 ft. high. Leaves 12-14 ft. long, equally pinnate, +midrib gradually tapering to a whip-like, sometimes spiny tendril, 5-6 +ft. long; pet., sheaths and spaces between leaflets spinous. Fl. +hermaphrodite. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Mansilli Brook). + + +818 =Borassus flabellifer= _Linn._ =var. æthiopum= _Warburg._ +DELEIB—Arab; GAGGIAM (the small tree) & DAGGĀT (full grown tree) +(Dilling) GIĀT (J. Ghulfan) & MUNLI (J. Eliri)—Nuba; INJIR—Bari; TUK +(Bahr El Jebel)—Dinka & Jur; DALANZE—Golo; NURR—Nuer; OKWA—Zande. + +Tall, erect, usually unbranched palm, up to 60-70 ft. high; stem robust +annulate, thickened above the middle. Leaves fan-shaped, broader than +long, in a terminal crown. Infl. diœcious. Drupe obscurely 3-angled, +smooth, orange-coloured, with a fibrous epicarp. + +Southern Sudan. + +Almost every part of this palm is put to some use. The fibres from the +leaves and leaf-stalks are used for rope making; the leaves for +thatching; the pericarp of the fruit is edible, and the kernel itself is +eaten when young. The wood is heavy, hard and durable, and is useful for +building, canoes, water-pipes, etc. From the unopen spathes a sap is +drawn which when fresh is sweet and when boiled down yields Date Sugar +or Jaggery, it quickly ferments, and gives a raw spirit called toddy. +The root tip as it emerges from the germinating seed is eaten as a +vegetable. + + +819 =Hyphæne thebaica= _Mart._ DOM—Arab; ANDO (J. Daier), KARIAI (J. +Eliri) & AMURTE (J. Ghulfan)—Nuba; GORA—Hameg; KEIR & TUNUSHO—Bari; NIAT +(Kaka) & TAAM—Dinka; DAYA & LEL—Nuer; KAYU—Shilluk; TAANG—Burun. The Dom +Palm. + +Tree up to 50 ft. high; stems branching dichotomously. Leaves 20-30 in a +terminal crown on each branch, fan-shaped; petiole sheathing at base, +spiny on margins. Fruit 3 in. long, obliquely ovoid, obscurely 3-angled. + +Usually near running water, throughout the Sudan; Nubia; Dongola Prov.; +Khartoum Prov.; Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; White Nile Prov. + +The leaves are made into mats and their fibre is used for rope-making. +The pulp round the seeds is insipid but is eaten. The kernels give a +vegetable ivory. The timber is strong and is used for posts and beams. + + +820 =Medemia Argun= _P.G. von Württemburg._ DOM—Arab. + +Tree with undivided stems and fan-shaped leaves. Fruit ellipsoid, dull +brown, 1 5/6 in. long. + +Nubia (Wadi Delah, near Murrat wells in the Great Nubian Desert, between +Korosko & Abu Hamed); Halfa Prov. (Upper reaches of Wadi Gebgaba, Lat. +21° 45′ N. & Long. 33° E.); Kordofan Prov. (20-21° Lat. N.). + +The leaves yield a strong fibre. + + +=M. abiadensis= _Wendl._ + +Much as above; fruit ellipsoid, bright brown, 1½ in. long. On the White +Nile. + + +821 =Elæis guineensis= _Jacq._ The Oil Palm. + +Erect palm; stem 20-30 ft. high, annulate, bearing remains of old +leaves. Leaves many in a terminal crown, 10-15 ft. long; pet. 4 ft. +long, spiny on margins; leaflets 18 in. or more long. Fruit ovoid, +umbilicate at apex, 1-3 seeded. + +White Nile; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Wau). + +Introduced. Not cultivated to any extent in the Sudan at present. + + + =PANDANACEÆ.= + + +822 =Pandanus sp.= + +Leaves sword-like, sharply toothed, probably about 4 ft. long, thick and +leathery. Flowers not seen. + +Belgian Congo (Niamniam-land: Diagbe River). + + + =ERIOCAULACEÆ.= + + +823 =Eriocaulon bifistulosum= _Van Heurck_ & _Muell. Arg._ + +Aquatic herb; stem elongated, densely leafy above. Leaves filiform, 1-3½ +in. long. Ped. numerous, 1½-5 in. long, with sheaths, ab. 1 in. long, +obtuse or bifid at apex. Fl. minute, in globose-depressed brownish +monœcious heads, ⅙ in. diam. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Dar Fertit: Biri River; Jur: Jur Ghattas). + + +=E. bongense= _Engl._ & _Ruhland._ + +Stemless aquatic herb. Leaves radical, linear, 1½-3 in. long. Ped. 5-16 +to a plant, 3-12 in. long; sheaths 1-3½ in. long, rather loose. Heads +light straw-coloured, subglobose, ab. ⅓ in. diam. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Agaza River near Jur Ghattas; Bongo: at Bulu +near Sabbi). + + +=E. elegantulum= _Engl._ + +Stemless aquatic or marsh herb. Leaves 4-10, linear, ⅓-3 in. long. Ped. +2-16, acutely 3-4 angled, 1-8 in. long; sheaths ⅓-3 in. long, inflated. +Heads ab. ⅙ in. diam., globose; male fl. usually central, greyish-white; +fem. brown. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas). + + + =CYPERACEÆ (Sedges).[5]= + +(_i_) _Empty glumes at base of spikelet 1-2; fertile glumes 1 to many, +distichous; hypogynous bristles or scales 0; infl. umbellate or +capitate; fl. hermaphrodite._ + +(_a_) _Style 2-branched._ + + +824 =Kyllinga erecta= _Schum._ & _Thonn._ + +Glabrous herb; rhizome creeping, up to 8 in. long; stems more or less +distant, nodeless. Leaves close to base of stem and up to half its +length, ⅛ in. broad. Head of 1 spike, ¼-⅓ in. diam., ovoid, dense, +golden tinged; bracts 3-4, up to 3 in. long; spikelets with 1 fertile +glume, which is not winged; nut yellow-brown, turning black. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Yei R.). + + +=K. melanosperma= _Nees._ + +Glabrous herb; rhizome thick, ½-1½ in. long; stems 20-30 in. long, +3-angled at top. Leaves up to 6 in. long, ⅙ in. broad. Head of 1 spike, +⅓ in. long, ovoid; bracts 3-4, up to 4 in. long; spikelets with 1 +fertile, not winged glume; nut black. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +=K. crassipes= _Boeck._ + +Rhizome short; stems 4-8 in. long. Leaves up to 9 in. long. Heads of 1-3 +spikes, pale brown; bracts 4-5, up to 9 in. long; spikelets with 1 +fertile glume, which is not winged, but has sunk red glands. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Atwot District). + + +=K. pungens= _Link._ + +Rhizome thick, brown-scaly; stem 8-18 in. long. Leaves under 9 in. long. +Head of 1 spike, subglobose, ¼-⅓ in. diam.; bracts 4-5, 1-4 in. long; +fertile glume 1, not winged; nut black. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Matju River). + + +=K. triceps= _Rottb._ + +Stems sub-bulbous at base, tufted, 2-12 in. long. Leaves up to 12 in. +long. Heads of usually 3, sometimes 1 spike, white or green, 1/5-⅓ in. +long; bracts 3-4, up to 3 in. long; fertile glume in spikelet 1, +sometimes red gland-dotted; nuts yellow-brown. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Kutshuk +Ali’s Zariba & Jur Ghattas). + + +=K. squamulata= _Vahl._ + +Root fibrous; stems tufted. Leaves as long as stem. Head green to brown, +globose, usually of 1 spike, ⅓ in. diam.; bracts 3, up to 4 in. long; +spikelets numerous; fertile glume 1 with a toothed winged keel; nuts +dull-brown. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Kordofan Prov. (Obeid & J. Kurbaj); +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas). + + +=K. controversa= _Steud._ =var. subexalata= _C. B. Clarke._ + +Roots, stems and leaves as above, but sheaths of last much torn. Head +globose of usually 3 spikes; bracts 3-4, up to 6 in. long; spikelets +numerous; fertile glume 1, keel with narrow ciliate wing. + +Kordofan Prov. (J. Kurbaj). + + +=K. polyphylla= _Willd._ + +Rhizome short, thick; stems 10-20 in. long, 3-angled at top. Leaves up +to ab. 1 ft. long. Head of 1, sometimes 3, orange-green spikes; bracts +5-8, sometimes over 4 in. long; spikes ⅓ in. diam., ovoid; fertile glume +in spikelet 1, wingless; nuts red-brown. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +=K. sphærocephala= _Boeck._ + +Rhizome slender; stems 1 ft. long, slender. Leaves up to 8 in. long. +Head pale cinnamon-coloured, globose, ¼ in. diam.; spike 1; bracts 2-3, +up to 2 in. long; spikelets with 1, 4-ribbed fertile glume; nut yellow- +brown. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +=K. pumila= _Mich._ + +Roots fibrous; stems tufted, 4-18 in. long, slender; sheaths reddish. +Leaves up to ab. 1 ft. long. Head green or greenish-white; spikes 1-3, +middle spike ab. ⅓ in. long; bracts 2-4, 2-6 in. long; spikelets dense; +fertile glume 1, rarely 2, not winged; nut yellow-brown. + +Nubia; Fung Prov. (Fazoghli). + + +825 =Pycreus flavescens= _Nees._ + +Annual; stems 1-12 in. long. Leaves up to 8 in., crowded close to the +base. Spikes 1 or more, loosely umbelled, of 3-12 clustered ebracteolate +spikelets; bracts 2-4, overtopping umbel; spikelets straw-coloured, red- +tinged; fertile glumes 8-36, boat-shaped; nuts whitish, laterally +compressed. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Kordofan Prov. (Rahad); Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Main River: Nuer country; Bongo: Addai). + + +=P. Mundtii= _Nees._ UMTUGG (N. Kordn.)—Arab. + +Stems 8-24 in. long, decumbent and rooting at base and clothed with +leaf-sheaths up to ¾ of its length. Leaves 4-10 in. long. Spikes usually +in many-rayed simple umbels, rarely subcompound or 1 spike only, bearing +3-8 ebracteolate spikelets; bracts 4 to many, overtopping the umbel; +spikelets containing 12-16 fertile glumes, brown; nuts biconvex, dotted. + +Khartoum Prov.; North Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: +Kallokitting 4,000 ft.); Upper White Nile Prov. (mouth of Sobat River & +Khor Attar); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (mouth of Bahr El Arab); Bahr El Jebel +(Sudd). + + +=P. nitens= _Nees._ + +Annual; stems tufted up to 12 in. long. Leaves ab. same length. Umbels +simple; spikes 1-6; bracts 3-6, ½-6 in. long; spikelets straw-coloured, +5-30 per spike; fertile glumes 8-44, boat-shaped; nuts pale-brown, +laterally compressed. + +Kordofan Prov. (Abu Garad). + + +=P. polystachyos= _P. Beauv._ + +Roots fibrous; stems tufted, 12-30 in. long. Leaves basal, up to length +of stem. Umbels usually compound of 1-7 rays; spikes of 10-50 +ebracteolate spikelets; bracts 3-6, 4-12 in. long; fertile glumes in +spikelet 20-50; straw-coloured or reddish; nut brown. + +=var. laxiflora= _Benth._ + +Spikes open, subcorymbose or umbellate; spikelets subsolitary. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas). + + +=P. globosus= _Reichb._ =var. nilagirica= _C. B. Clarke._ + +Annual or biennial; stems tufted, 1-2 ft. long. Leaves up to 16 in. +long. Umbels 1-6 in. diam., simple or compound or 1 compound head, +bracts 3-5, lowest overtopping inflorescence; spikelets up to ¾ in. +long, compressed, dark-brown; fertile glumes 8-30; nuts blackish. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Yei R.). + + +=P. propinquus= _Nees._ + +Stems and leaves 12-18 in. long. Spikes 10-16 in 1 compound, pale-yellow +head; bracts 3, 3-7 in. long; spikelets ½ in. long; fertile glumes +20-36, slightly inflated; nuts red-brown. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +=P. capillifolius= _C. B. Clarke._ + +Annual; stems tufted, very slender, 4-8 in. long. Leaves same length, +almost hair-like. Head 1, lateral, of 4-18 ebracteolate spikelets which +are ½-¾ in. long and have 10-30 fertile, pale-yellow inflated glumes; +bracts 2, 1-2½ in. long; nut black, smooth, half the length of glume. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas). + + +=P. elegantulus= _C. B. Clarke._ + +Annual; stems 8-28 in. long. Leaves ⅔ length of stem, narrow. Umbel of +1-7 dense, compound spikes, each of 5-30 dense spikelets or by +congestion forming a mass of 80 spikelets or more; bracts 3-5, 3-9 in. +long; spikelets up to ⅔ in. long, ebracteolate, 6-16 fld.; glumes not +overlapping in fruit, dark-brown with green keel; nut obovoid, ab. ½ +length of glume; style short. + +Between Khartoum & Shendi. + + +=P. umbrosus= _Nees._ + +Rhizome woody, giving out suckers 12 in. long or more, clothed with +dark-brown scales; stems 12-18 in. long. Leaves ⅙ in. broad, longer than +stem; sheaths fleshy, with transverse lines. Umbels subsimple, rays 3-7, +up to 2 in. long; bracts 4, lowest 6 in. long; spikes of 3-8 +ebracteolate spikelets; spikelets 16-fld., brown to black, keels +yellowish-brown or green; style shorter than nut, which is ¼ length of +glume, dark-brown. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (main river: Nuer villages). + + +=P. albomarginatus= _Nees._ + +Annual; stem solitary, 1-3 ft. high, 3-angled at top. Leaves ⅔ length of +stem, ab. ¼ in. broad. Umbel usually compound; primary rays 3-11, 1-7 +in. long; bracts 3-6, lowest 8-18 in. long. Spikes subglobose or +elongate, 1¼-2 in. long, of 8-12 usually ebracteolate spikelets; +spikelets straw-coloured, 18-30 fld.; glumes with white margins; nut +black, ⅔ length of glume. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Kordofan Prov. (Abu Garad); Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +826 =Juncellus alopecuroides= _C. B. Clarke._ SEID & SAMAR BALADI +(Egypt)—Arab. + +Large herb; stem solitary, 18-36 in. long, 3-angled at top. Leaves +length of stem, ⅓ in. broad. Umbel 6 in. and more in diam., compound; +rays 4-10; bracts 3-8, lowest 6 in. and more long; spikes 3-5 together, +sessile, 1-1½ in. long, dense; spikelets 8-30 fld.; compressed, straw- +coloured; glumes closely imbricate; nut ⅓ length of glume, anterior +angle flattened. + +Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Kallokitting 4,200 +ft.); Upper White Nile Prov. (Mouth of Bahr El Zeraf). + +Cultivated in Lower Egypt for its stems which are made into mats, also +for sweetening land about to be reclaimed. + + +=J. pustulatus= _C. B. Clarke._ + +Annual; stems tufted, 4-16 in. long. Leaves few, ab. ⅔ length of stem, +narrow. Umbels simple, rays 1-5, 0-2½ in. long; bracts 3, lowest 3-7 in. +long. Spikes of 2-5 subsessile spikelets, ebracteolate; spikelets white, +purple-marked, up to ½ in. long; rhachilla persistent; flowering glumes +8-18; nut 2/5 length of glume, much flattened on anterior angle. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas). + + +=J. pygmæus= _C. B. Clarke._ + +Annual; stems densely tufted, 1-10 in. high. Leaves as long, narrow. +Infl. a dense compound head of numerous spikelets; bracts 3-8, dilated +at base, lowest up to 3-6 in. long; spikelets green to pale-brown, 1/5 +in. long, compressed, 8-24. fld.; glumes deciduous from lowest, +rhachilla persistent; nut ab. ⅓ length of glume, plano-convex, brown, +smooth. + +Dongola Prov. (banks of the Nile); Khartoum Prov. (North); Blue Nile +Prov.; White Nile & Kordofan Provinces. + + +=J. lævigatus= _C. B. Clarke._ + +Rhizome woody; stems crowded or distant, 6-24 in. long, bases enclosed +by red-brown scales. Leaves variable, usually short. Spike solitary, +lateral, of 1-30 spikelets; bracts 2, lowest continuing the stem, 1-3 +in. long; spikelets ⅓ in. long, straw-coloured, 12-24. fld.; nut ab. ⅔ +length of glume, plano-convex; rhachilla persistent. + +Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Sinkat & 21° N.L.); Darfur Prov. (J. Meidob, 2,400 +ft.). + + +827 =Cyperus nudicaulis= _Poir._ + +Floating herb; rhizome long; stems tufted, 12-30 in. long. Leaves +reduced to pale-brown leaf-sheaths. Head of 1-12 sessile spikelets; +bracts 1-3, the lowest suberect, continuing the stem, shorter than head; +spikelets ½-1 in. long, flattened, 30-70 fld., pale or reddish; glumes +3-nerved, falling off seriatim from lowest from persistent rhachilla; +sta. 3; style long, branches short; nut ⅔ length of glume, flattened, +base corky, thickened. + +White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Jebel (Sudd); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (main +river). + + +=C. Colymbetes= _Kotschy_ & _Peyr._ + +Stems tufted, 1-2 ft. long, 3-angled. Leaves 0. Head of 6-30 spikelets; +bracts 2; spikelets ½-⅔ in. long, up to 40 fld., otherwise as above. + +Fung Prov. (Saoleil & Sherif); Mouth of Bahr El Jebel. + + +=C. leucocephalus= _Retz._ + +Glabrous herb; stems bulbous at base, 4-10 in. long, tufted. Leaves up +to ⅔ length of stem. Head 1 globose, white or pale brown, up to ⅔ in. +diam., of 6-40 spikelets; bracts 3, lowest 2 in. long; spikelets up to ⅓ +in. long, compressed; glumes 1-3 nerved close; sta. 1; style shorter +than nut which is ⅓-⅔ length of glume, yellow, bluntly 3-angled. + +Darfur Prov. (Kulme 3,600 ft.). + + +=C. compactus= _Lam._ ’ESHŪB, SE’ED—Arab. + +Perennial; rhizome short; stem 4-16 in. long, with hard, dark brown +leaf-sheaths at base. Leaves up to length of stem. Head 1 of 5-20 +spikelets, ½-1½ in. diam., yellowish; bracts 3-4, dilated at base, +lowest 2-4 in. long; spikelets ⅓-⅔ in., oblong, compressed, 8-18 fld.; +glumes ab. ¼ in. long, close, striate; nut ⅓ length of glume, 3-angled; +style shorter than nut. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Abu Gurun’s +Zariba). + + +=C. conglomeratus= _Rottb._ + +Glabrous herb; rhizome usually short; roots woolly; stems 4-24 in. long, +somewhat 3-angled at top. Leaves half to twice as long as stem. Simple +umbel or head of few spikes; bracts 3-5, lowest 3-6 in. long, suberect, +dilated at base; spikelets 3-25 to a head, ab. ½ in. long, 8-16 fld., +straw-coloured or pale brown; glumes minutely mucronate, ribbed; style +short, branches rather long; nut ⅓ length of glume, 3-angled. + +Nubian Desert (Wadi El Derood); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); +Darfur Prov. + + +=C. cruentus= _Rottb._ TOROG—Hadendowa; ASHAM—Rashida. + +Spikelets narrower and glumes closer on rhachilla, but otherwise as +above. + +Nubia (between Suakin & Berber: Obak); Dongola Prov.; Berber Prov. +(Atbara, near Bulak); Kassala Prov. (Gash Delta: Um Adam); Red Sea Prov. +(Er-Rih Island, Red Sea); Kordofan Prov. (Abu Garad). + + +=C. amabilis= _Vahl._ + +Glabrous annual; stems tufted, 2-8 in. long. Leaves up to ½ length of +stem. Umbel simple or compound (rarely 1 head), rays up to 14 and 4 in. +long; bracts up to 4, shorter than umbel. Spikelets 3-10 together, ⅔ in +long, golden-brown, 16-36 fld.; glumes minutely mucronate, keel of 3-5 +green nerves; style as long as nut; nut 2/5 length of glume, obovoid, +brown. + +White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Jur: Jur Ghattas, Bongo-land); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +=C. uncinatus= _Poir._ + +Glabrous annual; stems tufted, 2-10 in. long. Leaves length of stem, +bristly. Umbels usually simple; bracts 3-6, bristly, longer than umbel; +spikelets digitate, usually 3-10 together, ½ in. long, 8-28 fld., +compressed, pale-rusty to brown; glumes 3-nerved, the green keel +produced into a prominent bristle; nut half as long as glume (excl. +mucro), oblong-obovoid. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur-land); Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + + +=C. reduncus= _Hochst._ + +Glabrous herb; stems tufted, 2-10 in. long. Leaves length of stem. Umbel +usually compound, 3-4 in. diam.; bracts longer than umbel. Spikes +digitate, of 3-20 spikelets, which are flattened and 30 fld.; glumes +with short recurved mucro; style short, as are the branches; nut ab. ¾ +in. length of glume, narrow, brown. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla +Prov. (Yei River). + + +=C. difformis= _Linn._ + +Glabrous annual; stems tufted, 4-20 in. long, 3-angled at top. Leaves +½-⅔ length of stem. Spikes in simple or compound umbel or contracted +into 1 head; bracts 2-4, lowest 2-10 in. long. Spikelets many in dense +heads, dusky or brown, 10-30 fld.; glumes close packed, obtuse; sta. 1 +(rarely 2); style much shorter than nut, branches short: nut nearly as +long as glume, 3-angled, straw-coloured to brown. + +Kordofan Prov. (Rahad); Darfur Prov. (Kulme 3,300 ft.); Bahr El Jebel +(Madi); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas; Niamniam-land: Linduku +River). + + +=C. microlepis= _Boeck._ + +Spikelets whitish; glumes more elongate and less obtuse, and nut more +elongate and narrower than in above. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Gir; Jur: Jur Ghattas). + + +=C. dichroostachyus= _Hochst._ + +Glabrous herb; rhizome 4-8 in. long; stems distant, 18-36 in. long, +sharply 3-angled at top. Leaves ½-¾ length of stem, up to ½ in. broad. +Umbel lateral, compound, 2-5 in. diam.; bracts 3-4, up to 8 in. long, +lowest in continuation of stem. Spikes of 3-5 spikelets, digitate, +numerous; spikelets white, brown spotted, 6-14 fld.; glumes 1-nerved, +obtuse; sta. 2; style very short; nut ¾ length of glume, yellow-brown. + +North Kordofan Prov.; Bahr El Jebel (Sudd). + + +=C. Haspan= _Linn._ + +Glabrous herb; rhizome creeping; stems distant or close together, 4-28 +in. long, 3-angled or winged at top. Leaves almost absent to longer than +stem. Umbel usually compound once or more, rarely simple; bracts 2-3, +lowest suberect, shorter to longer than the umbel. Spikelets digitate, +2-6 together, up to ½ in. long, compressed, 10-40 fld.; glumes 1-3 +nerved, greenish or purplish; sta. 2-3; style short; nut ab. ½ length of +glume, pale-brown. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. Yei River). + + +=C. flavidus= _Retz._ + +Short-lived annual; stems tufted, 2-8 in. long, obtusely 3-angled. +Leaves longer than stem. Umbel very compound, yellow to blackish; bracts +longer than umbel; sta. 1; nut white; otherwise as above. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas). + + +=C. podocarpus= _Boeck._ + +Glabrous herb; rhizome scaly; stems tufted, obtusely 3-angled, 10 in. +long. Leaves ⅔ length of stem. Umbel simple; rays 2-4, ab. ½ in. long; +bracts 3, lowest suberect, 4-8 in. long. Spikes of 3-7 spikelets, +ebracteate; spikelets 2/5 in. long, 8-12 fld., purple mottled; glumes +obtuse; sta. 3; style shorter than nut, which is ½ length of glume, +broad ellipsoid, 3-angled, suddenly narrowed into a minute stalk, black. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas). + + +=C. sphærospermus= _Schrad._ + +Glabrous herb; rhizome woody, 2 in. long; stems 6-14 in. long, more or +less sharply 3-angled at top. Leaves from ½ the length to (rarely) more +than length of stems. Umbel simple or compound, 1-5 in. diam.; bracts +varying from 1 in. to length in infl. Spikes of 3-8 digitate spikelets, +straw-coloured or rich brown; spikelets ½ in. long, compressed, 10-30 +fld.; sta. 3; style short, branches longer than the minute nut. + +Bahr El Jebel (Sudd). + + +=C. flabelliformis= _Rottb._ + +Rhizome stout; stems 2-3 ft. long, tufted, rounded or angular at top. +Leaves 0, except on early sterile shoots. Umbel usually compound, 4-12 +in. diam.; primary rays 6 to numerous, subequal; bracts 8-12 subequal, +longer than umbel; spikes whitish-yellow to rusty, of 2-15 digitate +spikelets which are compressed and 10-20 fld.; glumes hard, shining, +pointed; sta. 3; style short, branches long; nut ½ length of glume. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli). + + +=C. dichromenæformis= _Kunth._ =var. major= _Boeck._ + +Rhizome woody; stems 12-30 in. long, almost flattened at top. Leaves +nearly as long, up to ½ in. broad. Head of 12-34 spikelets; bracts 4-5, +lowest up to 10 in. long; spikelets ½ in. long, flattened, straw- +coloured, 12-20 fld.; glumes distant; sta. 3; styles shorter than nut, +branches long; nut ⅔ length of glume, 3-angled, brown. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Kulenjo). + + +=C. Renschii= _Boeck._ + +Tall glabrous herb; stems up to 6 ft. high, 3-angled to 3-winged at top. +Leaves up to 4 ft. by 1 in., 3-nerved. Umbel 8-24 in. diam., decompound; +bracts 2 ft. long. Spikes abundant, green to red-brown, small, of 2-7 +clustered spikelets which are 1/12 in. long, oblong, 3-6 fld.; glumes +distichous, mucronate; sta. 2-3; style half the length and branches +length of the nut which is ab. ½ length of glume. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +=C. Iria= _Linn._ + +Glabrous annual; stems tufted, 4-20 in. long. Leaves ab. as long as +stem. Umbel usually compound, 2-20 in. diam.; rays often long; bracts +longer than umbel. Spikes of 5-20 spikelets loosely spicate on a ⅓-2 in. +long rhachis; spikelets slender, ab. ½ in. long, yellow or brown, 6-20 +fld.; nut nearly length of glume, black; style short, branches shortly +exserted. + +Nubia; Kordofan Prov. (Obeid); Darfur Prov. (J. Barkin); Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Bor). + + +=C. aristatus= _Rottb._ + +Glabrous annual; stems tufted, 1-7 in. long. Leaves up to length of +stem. Umbel appearing simple (or 1 spike); rays 1-6, up to 3 in. long, +lowest bract usually longer than umbel. Spikes ½ in. long, cylindric, of +5-40 spikelets, brown when ripe; spikelets up to ½ in. long, compressed, +6-30 fld.; glumes striate, ending in a conspicuous recurved bristle; +sta. 1; nut ⅓ length of glume, brown; style shorter than nut, branches +shortly exserted. + +Kordofan Prov. (Abu Garad); Upper White Nile Prov. (Taufikia); Bahr El +Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Bor). + + +=C. distans= _Linn. f._ + +Glabrous herb; rhizome stout; stems 1-3 ft. long. Leaves up to length of +stem. Umbel compound, 8-12 in. diam., sometimes congested or scanty; +bracts usually longer than umbel. Rhachis of spike ⅓-2 in. long; +spikelets spicate, almost acicular, 10-12 fld., reddish; glumes distant; +style shorter than nut, branches shortly exserted; nut ab. ½ length of +glume, black. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nabambisso River, Jur: Jur +Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +=C. eleusinoides= _Kunth._ + +Stems 1-3 ft. long, throwing out lateral shoots at base. Spikes 1 in. +long dense cylindric; spikelets obliquely spreading, green or grey- +brown, ½ in. long, ab. 10 fld.; glumes mucronate, approximate; otherwise +as above. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli). + + +=C. latifolius= _Poir._ + +Glabrous herb; stolons (runners) long; stem 2-3 ft. long, acutely +3-angled at top. Leaves ¾ length of stem, ¾ in. broad. Umbel compound, +dense, secondary umbels corymbose; bracts longer than umbel. Spikes of +4-8 spikelets: spikelets ½ in. long, pallid or reddish, 8-16 fld.; +glumes obtuse, imbricated; nut ½ length of glume, black. + +Bahr El Jebel (Hillet El Nuer). + + +=C. pilosus= _Vahl._ + +Glabrous, except spike-rhachis which is minutely hairy; stem 12-30 in. +long, acutely 3-angled at top. Leaves ¾ length of stem. Umbel usually +compound; bracts several, lowest longer than umbel. Spikelets ½ in. long +at right angles to the rhachis, pale reddish, 10-24 fld.; glumes obtuse, +rather loose; nut 3/5 length of glume, black. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas). + + +=C. bulbosus= _Vahl._ + +Glabrous bulbed herb; stolons slender, ending in small bulb; stem 4-12 +in. long, very slender. Leaves longer than stem, tapering. Umbel +contracted, subcorymbose; bracts 3-6 overtopping umbel. Spikelets 4-6 to +the spike, compressed, red; rhachilla winged; flowering glumes 8-26, +obtuse, striate; nut ½ length of glume, black; style short, branches +long. + +Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Wadi El Omari & Khor Tamanib). + +The roots are used as flour in times of scarcity and eaten roasted or +boiled. + + +=C. microbolbos= _C. B. Clarke._ + +Bulbed glabrous herb; stems 3 in. high, slender; stolons capillary, +ending in minute bulbs. Leaves 6 in. long. Spikes 1 or 2 together, ped. +¼ in. long; bracts 2, longer than spike. Spikelets 3-5 per spike, ½ in. +long, compressed red-brown, 24 fld.; glumes green-mucronate; sta. 3; +style length of nut, branches long; nut ½ length of glume, brown. + +Red Sea Prov. (coast-land to between 3,000-4,000 ft., Suakin). + + +=C. esculentus= _Linn._ SAAD—Arab. + +Bulbed herb; stolons slender, ending in bulbs ½ in. diam., ringed by +transverse lines; stems 6-24 in. long, 3-angled at top. Leaves up to ¾ +length of stem. Umbel more or less compound, 3-12 in. diam.; bracts 3-5, +ab. as long as umbel. Spikes of 4-30 spikelets which are ¼-¾ in. long, +pale yellow to brown, 6-30 fld., rhachilla winged; glumes blunt, +striate; style shorter than nut, branches long; nut ab. ½ length of +glume. + +Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Kulme 3,600 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Jur: Kutshuk Ali’s Zariba); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +=C. articulatus= _Linn._ + +Glabrous herb, stolons hardening into long rhizomes; stems 3-6 ft. high, +when dry showing joints ½-1½ in. apart. Leaves reduced to sheaths. Umbel +usually compound, 1-8 in. diam.; bracts elliptic-lanceolate. Spikelets +3-4 to spike, or more by congestion of spikes into one, ⅓-1 in. long, +12-50 fld., straw-coloured to brown; glumes obtuse; style branches long; +nut 3/5 length of glume, black. + +White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Jebel. + + +=C. schimperianus= _Steud._ DIS & SID—Arab. + +Glabrous herb; rhizome woody; stems 1-3 ft. long. Leaves under ⅓ length +of stem. Umbel usually compound, 3-10 in. diam.; bracts 4-7. Spikes of +3-20 loosely arranged, often drooping, 12-24 fld. spikelets, which are +½-¾ in. long, compressed, red-brown; rhachilla winged, wings deciduous; +glumes distant, obtuse; style branches long; nut ½ length of glume. + +Nubia; Dongola Prov.; Berber Prov. (Atbara: Shallalat); Khartoum Prov. +(Nile near J. Royan); Fung Prov. + + +=C. nubicus= _C. B. Clarke._ + +Glabrous herb; stolons hardening into rhizomes; stems up to 2 ft. long, +3-angled at top. Leaves 12 in. by ¼ in. Umbel compound, 5-8 in. diam. +Spikelets numerous, rusty-red, up to 1 in. long, 20-30 fld., compressed; +rhachilla wings ovate, deciduous; glumes acute, distant; style short, +branches long; nut 2/5 length of glume, black. Bracts 3-4, longer than +umbel. + +Red Sea Prov. (21° N.L.). + + +=C. schweinfurthianus= _Boeck._ + +Tall scabrous herb; stems 1-3 fl. long, 3-angled. Leaves ½-⅔ length of +stem. Umbel irregular, simple or compound primary rays up to 12 in. +long; bracts few to many, according to number of rays equalling or +overtopping the umbel. Spikes loose; spikelets 3-9 per spike, 1 in. +long, 20 fld., straw-coloured, compressed; wings of rhachilla oblong, +deciduous; glumes distant, apiculate; style short, branches long; nut ½ +length of glume, black. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +=C. elatior= _Boeck._ + +Stem 30 in. high, stout, smooth. Umbel compound; rays up to 10 in. high; +spikelets 1 in. long, 20-30 fld., suberect, otherwise as above. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas). + + +=C. gracilinux= _C. B. Clarke._ + +Glabrous herb; stems 2 ft. high, 3-angled at top; stolons numerous. +Leaves up to 16 in. long. Umbel compound, 6-12 in. diam.; bracts +overtopping umbel. Spikes loose with 5-11 spikelets, which are ⅔ in. +long, compressed, 10-16 fld., whitish; wings of rhachilla elliptic- +lanceolate; glumes subobtuse, close; nut 3/5 length of glume. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas). + + +=C. maculatus= _Boeck._ SEID—Arab. + +Glabrous herb; stems 12-20 in. long, 3-angled at top, bulbous at base. +Leaves nearly length of stem. Umbel compound, of 5-11 spikelets, which +are ½ in. long, compressed, 20 fld., straw-coloured, usually purple- +spotted; rhachilla wings narrow; glumes obtuse, close; styles shorter +than nut, branches exserted. + +Nubia; Berber Prov. (Mograt Island near Abu Hamad); Khartoum Prov.; +White Nile Prov. (Khor Attar). + + +=C. rotundus= _Linn._ + +Glabrous herb; stems 8-24 in. long, bulbous at base, 3-angled at top. +Leaves ⅔ length of stem. Umbel simple or compound, 1-8 in. diam.; rays +long or short; bracts 3-4, overtopping umbel. Spikes loose; spikelets +red-brown, ⅔ in. long and 8-30 fld., or 2 in. long and 50-60 fld.; +rhachilla wings joining the pointed, closely placed glumes; style +shorter than nut, branches long; nut ½ length of glume, dark brown. + +Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, Wadi El Omari, Wadi El Arab); Kassala +Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Berber Prov. (Ben Naga, between Berber & +Khartoum); Khartoum Prov. (North); Banks of the Blue Nile (Bunzaga); +Kordofan Prov. (Obeid, Abu Haraza); White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas). + +Used in certain dye preparations to impart perfume to the fabric. The +rhizomes yield an essential oil which is used as a perfume. The fresh +roots are diaphoretic and astringent; they are used for indigestion in +children and in fevers. + +=var. spadiceus= _Boeck._ + +Stem usually tall, scabrous at top. Spikelets strongly compressed, +sometimes darker brown, shining. + +Kordofan Prov. + + +=C. nuerensis= _Boeck._ + +Glabrous herb; stolons hardening into rhizome, 8 in. long; stems 8-20 +in. long, 3-angled at top. Leaves ⅔ length of stem, ⅓ in. broad. Umbel +compound, 6-8 in. diam. (sometimes reduced to a head); primary rays 3-7; +bracts 3-5, 2-6 in. broad; bracts 3-5 overtopping umbel. Spikes loose +overtopping umbel. Spikes of 3-5 red-brown to nearly black spikelets, +which are 2/5 in. long by 1/12 in., 8-16 fld.; wings of rhachilla ovate- +lanceolate; glumes obtuse, reddish-black on sides and 5-nerved, yellow- +green on back; otherwise as above sp. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (near Nuer villages). + + +=C. Fenzelianus= _Steud._ + +Tall herb; stolons long, thick. Umbel open. Spikelets pale to dusky +straw-coloured; otherwise as _C. rotundus_. + +Nubia; Berber Prov. (Zeidab); Between Berber & Khartoum: Khartoum Prov.; +Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (J. Kuhn). + + +=C. radiatus= _Vahl._ + +Glabrous herb; rhizome 0; lateral shoots at base of stem; stem 6-24 in. +long. Leaves ⅔ length of stem. Umbel up to 6-10 in. diam., but often +contracted, sometimes into 1 dense head; bracts overtopping infl. Spikes +digitate, 1 in. by ab. ½ in., almost sessile; spikelets 1/5-2/5 in. +long, narrow, 10-36 fld., compressed, pale to brownish; wings of +rhachilla oblong, persistent; glumes apiculate tightly imbricate; sta. +3; nut ½ length of glume; style ½ length of nut, branches short. + +Nubia; Dongola; Fung Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: +Jur Ghattas & Wau River; Bongo: Addai). + + +=C. exaltatus= _Retz._ + +Stems up to 3-4 ft. high. Some spikes peduncled; spikelets larger, less +crowded and more yellowish or reddish, but otherwise as above. + +Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov. (Harun; Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. +(Sagattur); Upper White Nile Prov. (Tonga Island); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Kutshuk Ali’s Zariba). + +=var. dives= _C. B. Clarke._ + +Umbel rigid. Spikes rigid, dense; ripe spikelets divaricate or reflexed, +hard, often shining and yellowish. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: +Nabambisso River). + + +=C. Pethericki= _C. B. Clarke._ + +Very tall, stout herb. Umbel large, compound with large cylindric +spikes; lowest bract very long, ⅔ in. broad. Spikelets nearly ½ in. +long, 36 fld., pale yellowish-brown; glumes thin; otherwise as _C. +exaltatus_. + +Mongalla Prov. (Gigging, Mongalla & 7° 25′ N.L.). + + +=C. digitatus= _Roxb._ + +Glabrous herb; stem 2-6 ft. high, 3-angled at top. Leaves ⅔ length of +stem. Umbel compound, 8-24 in. diam.; lowest bract longer than umbel. +Spike 2 by 1 in.; spikelets many, at right angles to spike, ab. ½ in. +long, narrow, 20 fld., yellowish-brown; wings of rhachilla caducous, +lanceolate, yellow; glumes scarcely mucronate, yellow and brown; sta. +3.; nut ½ length of glume, black; style shorter than nut. Bahr El Ghazal +Prov. (Niamniam-land). + + +=C. auricomus= _Sieber._ + +Stem at top almost 3-winged; umbel not very large; otherwise as above. + +Blue Nile Prov. (Khor Agalin at Doleib); Kordofan Prov. (Birket Kolli); +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Ghaba Shambé; Bongo: Addai); Mongalla Prov. +(Kenissa). + +=var. minor= _C. B. Clarke._ + +Slender; umbels small; spikelets slender, red-brown. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma). + + +=C. Papyrus= _Linn._ =var. Antiquorum= _C. B. Clarke._ BURDI, DIS & +BABIRUSA—Arab; BODUMOH—Zande; YELL—Nuer. The Papyrus Plant. + +Plant up to 15 ft. high; rhizome woody; stems smooth with basal sheaths +only. Leaves up to 1 in. by ⅓ in. on barren shoots. Umbels compound, up +to 3 ft. diam.; primary rays up 30, up to 1 ft. long; bracts up to 7 in. +long, reddish. Spikelets numerous sessile, ovate, ¼-⅓ in. long, +compressed; bracts of secondary umbel 3, green, up to 2½ in. long. +Spikes ab. 1 in. by ½ in. with 12-30 spreading spikelets; spikelets ⅓ +long, brown; glumes ovate-oblong with a green median line; rhachilla +wings yellow deciduous late; sta. 3; style length of nut; branches +rather short; nut ½-3/5 length of glume, black. + +White Nile and affluents; Bahr El Ghazal and affluents. + +The slices of the stem, pressed together, were used by the ancient +Egyptians as a writing material. Attempts have been made of recent years +to utilise the plant for paper making and for fuel. + + +=C. cephalotes= _Vahl._ + +Stolons slender; stem 6-10 in. long, 3-angled. Leaves longer or shorter +than stem. Head globose, ½ diam.; bracts 3-4; spikelets numerous, +sessile, ovate, ¼-⅓ in. long, compressed, 20-30 fld.; rhachilla not +winged; glumes cuspidate, imbricate, red-brown; sta. 2-3; nut oblong, +narrowed into a long beak, style jointed on beak of nut, slender, entire +or 2-3 toothed. + +Bahr El Jebel (Sudd). + + +828 =Mariscus[6] coloratus= _Nees._ =var. macrocephala= _C. B. Clarke._ + +Glabrous herb; stolons 0; stems 6-14 in. long, 3-angled at top, +thickened at base by brownish leaf sheaths. Leaves up to length of stem, +weak. Spikes 5-6, large, in one head; bracts 3-4, spreading, lowest 3-7 +in. long; spikelets ovate or lanc., acute, 2-6 fld., straw-coloured; +glumes subacute, 13-15 ribbed, margins running into the elliptic wings +of rhachilla; style shorter than nut, branches longish; nut ½ length of +glume, black; sta. 2-3. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Makporru Hill); Mongalla Prov. (Yei +River). + + +=M. djurensis= _C. B. Clarke._ + +Glabrous herb; stolons numerous, 1-2 in. long, red-scaly; stems +approximate, 4-12 in. long, slender, 3-angled at top. Leaves up to +length of stem, weak. Head 1, ovoid, ⅓ in. diam., whitish; bracts 4, up +to 6 in. long. Spikelets 1/5 in. long, 2-6 fld.; glumes distant, ovate, +11-13 ribbed, with small red glands; nut ½-2/5 length of glume, black; +style ab. same length. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas; Mongalla Prov. (Bor). + + +=M. macropus= _C. B. Clarke._ + +Glabrous herb; stems 10-20 in. long, 3-angled at top, much thickened at +base by fibrous remnants of sheaths, tufted. Leaves ½-⅔ length of stems, +long-bristly at tips. Head 1, ovoid, ½ in. diam., dirty-white; bracts 3, +lowest 1-2 in. long. Spikelets 1/5 in. long, 8-10 fld., producing 6-8 +nuts; glumes obscurely 7-11 ribbed; nut ½-⅔ length of glume; style same +length. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Kutshuk Ali’s Zariba & Jur Ghattas). + + +=M. leptophyllus= _C. B. Clarke._ + +Glabrous herb; stems approximate, thickened at base by withering leaf- +sheaths, 3-angled at top. Leaves ⅔ length of stem, weak. Infl. +umbellate; rays 2-3, ¼-1½ in. long, each with 1-3 spikes; bracts 4, up +to 6 in. long. Spikelets ⅓ in. long, white to brown, ripening 6-8 nuts; +glumes obtuse, 7-ribbed, distant; nut ½-⅔ length of glume, brown; style +shorter, branches exserted. + +Red Sea Prov. (Khor Tamanib). + + +=M. mollipes= _C. B. Clarke._ + +Glabrous herb; stems thickened at base by fibrous torn leaf-sheaths, +3-angled at top, 4-6 in. long. Leaves ⅔ length of stem. Head of 1 spike, +ovoid, pale straw-coloured; bracts 3-4, lowest up to 3 in. long. +Spikelets ⅛ in. long, ripening 1 nut only; glumes ovate, acuminate, +obscurely 5-7 ribbed; nut line.-obl., ½ length of glume, black; style +shorter; branches long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Mayob). + + +=M. Sieberianus= _Nees._ + +Glabrous herb; stems 12-30 in. long, 3-angled at top, thickened at base +by green to red leaf-sheaths, approximate. Leaves up to ⅔ length of +stem. Umbel simple, 1-5 in. diam.; rays 5-12 up to 4 in. long; bracts +5-10, lowest up to 8 in. long. Spikes solitary, ab. 1 in. by ¼ in., +cylindric; bracts to spike 0; spikelets numerous, spreading or deflexed +below, lin.-lanc., bearing 1 or 2 nuts; lowest flower-glume twice as +long as upper empty glume, ovate-ob., obtuse, 7-11 ribbed; style ½ +length of nut; branches length of nut; nut ⅔ length of glume. + +Mongalla Prov. (Lado District & Bor). + + +=M. umbellatus= _Vahl._ + +Some of rays of umbel many times longer than spikes, which are ½ by ⅙ +in.; spikelets small, denser and more rigid than in above sp. and in +fruit all strongly deflexed; nut almost ellipsoid; otherwise as above. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + +The rhizomes are edible. + + +=M. sublimis= _C. B. Clarke._ + +Umbel simple; rays 7-10, up to 2½ in. long. Spikes up to ¾ by ¼ in., +dense, pale grey; ripe spikelets appressed, obliquely erect. Nut 1 only +per spikelet, ellipsoid; otherwise as _M. Sieberianus_. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas). + + +=M. macrocarpus= _Kunth._ + +Spikes ovoid, ab. ½ in. wide, subsessile or shortly peduncled. Ripe +spikelets with 2-3 nuts; lowest empty glume mucronate. Nut ¾ length of +glume, broadly oblong; otherwise as large forms of _M. Sieberianus_. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas). + + +(_ii_) _Empty glumes at base of spikelet 0-2; fertile glumes usually +numerous, spirally arranged with few exceptions (nearly distichous in +some spp. of Fimbristylis); hypogynous scales or bristles 0-7; infl. +umbellate or capitate; fl. hermaphrodite; stem naked (except Fuirena)._ + + +829 =Eleocharis fistulosa= _Schultes._ + +Glabrous herb; stolons long; stems 1-3 ft. long, sharply 3-angled at +top, leafless. Infl. of 1 terminal spikelet, 1-1¼ by 1/6-1/5 in., straw- +coloured to brown; fertile glumes numerous, obovate, obtuse; sta. 1-3; +hypogynous bristles 6, as long as nut, retrorse, rusty-red; style +2-3-fid, base enlarged, distinct from nut which is ½ length of glume, +straw-coloured, marked like a grill (_cancellate_). + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas). + + +=E. atropurpurea= _Kunth._ + +Leafless glabrous annual; stems tufted, 2-6 in. long, slender. Spikelet +1, ovoid, ⅛-¼ in. long, many-fld., greenish-red; glumes obtuse, +caducous; hypog. bristles 7, white, ½-¾ length of nut, retrorse, +sometimes short or reduced to a minute cup; style branches 2, ½-⅔ length +of glume, black. + +White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol). + + +=E. chætaria= _Roem._ & _Schultes._ + +Glabrous leafless herb; stems tufted 1-6 in. long. Spikelets 1-2, ⅛-⅙ +in. long, ovoid, pallid or reddish, maturing 1-5 nuts; hypog. bristles +6, retrorse, length of nut, sometimes fewer; sta. 2-3; styles 3-fid; nut +obovoid white, cancellate. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas). + + +=E. complanata= _C. B. Clarke._ + +Glabrous leafless annual; stems tufted, 6-9 in. long, flattened. +Spikelet ab. ⅙ in. long, cylindric, green marked with red, densely fld.; +glumes obtuse; hypog. bristles 0; style 3-fid; nut ½ length of glume, +white; style base bulbous, small. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land: Gir). + + +=E. microcarpa= _Torrey._ + +Glabrous leafless annual; stems tufted, 4-8 in. long.—Spikelet ⅙-¼ in. +long, 10-20 fld., pale brown-green; glumes obtuse; hypog. bristles 3-5, +⅓-⅔ length of nut, retrorse, white; style 3-fid; nut hardly ½ length of +glume, brownish. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas). + + +830 =Fimbristylis squarrosa= _Vahl._ + +Annual; stems tufted, 2-7 in. long. Leaves ½-¾ length of stem. Umbel +usually compound, sometimes reduced to 2 spikelets to a stem; bracts 3-4 +ab. as long as umbel; spikelets solitary up to ¼ by 1/12 in.; fl. dense, +straw-coloured; glumes 3-5 nerved ending in recurved bristle; sta. +usually 2, style 2-fid, hairy below bifurcation and round base of style; +hypog. bristles 0 in this genus; nut ½ length of glume, biconvex. + +White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Majob & Wau). + + +=F. dichotoma= _Vahl._ + +Pubescent or puberulous annual; stems tufted, 2-10 in. long. Leaves +length of stem. Umbel compound; bracts 3-4 as long as umbel. Spikelets +many, solitary, ¼ in. long, obscurely polygonal; fertile glumes in many +spirals, rust-coloured, ovate acute, greenish or yellowish keeled; style +2-fid, flattened, pubescent on margins; nut ⅓ length of glume, biconvex, +5-9 ribbed, white. + +Nubia; Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Dongola Prov.; Berber Prov. +(Shendi); Khartoum Prov. (Tuti Island); Fung Prov. (Abdin); White Nile +Prov. (Geteina). + + +=F. diphylla= _Vahl._ + +Annual, glabrous to pubescent; stems tufted, 4-28 in. long. Leaves ⅓-⅔ +length of stem. Umbel compound of usually many spikelets; bracts 3-4, +shorter than umbel. Spikelets solitary, ¼-½ in. long, terete, straw- +coloured, rusty brown, or variegated; fertile glumes hardly keeled, +often ciliate; style 2-fid, dilated at base, flattened, villous on +margins; nut ⅓ length of glume, biconvex, whitish. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli, Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur +Ghattas & Jur Aweit; Bongo-land: Addai); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +=F. ferruginea= _Vahl._ + +Herb, frequently biennial; stems tufted, 8-28 in. long. Leaves from ⅓ +length of stem to almost absent, hairy or glabrous. Umbel simple or +slightly compound, of usually 5-10 spikelets; bracts shorter than umbel. +Spikelets solitary, 2/5 in. long, ovoid oblong, dense, rust-coloured, +more or less variegated with red-brown or green; glumes ovate, upper +part of back grey-puberulous. Style 2-fid, longer than nut, flattened; +nut ½ length of glume, biconvex, pale yellow to brown. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur +Ghattas). + + +=F. exilis= _Roem._ & _Schultes._ + +Hairy annual; stems tufted, 4-16 in. long. Leaves ⅓-½ length of stem. +Umbel of 3-14 pedicelled spikelets; bracts 3-4, as long as umbel. +Spikelets ¼-⅓ in. long, 10-12 fld., pale rusty and chestnut; glumes +ovate, acute, pubescent, keeled and mucronate; sta. 2-3; style slightly +shorter than nut, 3-fid, base dilated with a constriction; nut ab. ½ +length of glume, 3-angled, transversely wrinkled, white to pale brown. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan +Prov.; Darfur Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Shambé, Jur: Jur Ghattas); +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +=F. cioniana= _P. Savi._ + +Umbel of 10-25 spikelets, rather dense. Spikelets 1/8-1/5 in. long, +pale-rusty; points of glumes rather long; nut small, yellowish, with +transverse lines; otherwise as above. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas). + + +=F. Schweinfurthiana= _Boeck._ + +Glabrous herb; stems tufted, 8-12 in. long: basal sheaths brown, +fringed. Leaf of uppermost sheath ½ length of stem. Umbel of 2-9 +spikelets, subcompound; bracts 2-3, ½ in. long. Spikelets 1/5 by ⅛ in., +dull brown; glumes obtuse; style shorter than nut, deciduous with +pyramidal base, branches 3, long; nut less than ½ length of glume, +smooth, brown. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas). + + +=F. subaphylla= _Boeck._ + +Glabrous herb; rhizome short; stems approximate, 12-16 in. long, +4-angled at top. Leaves ½-2 in. long. Umbel 2-4 in. diam., of 30-60 +spikelets; bracts 2-3, under 1 in.; spikelets ⅓ by 1/12 in., 5-14 fld., +light brown; style longer than nut, deciduous with style base, 3-fid; +nut ab. ⅓ length of glume, obovoid, smooth or warted, white or +yellowish. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (main river). + + +=F. monostachya= _Vahl._ + +Glabrous herb; stems tufted, 2-16 in. long. Leaves ½ length of stem. +Spikelet usually 1 (1-3) on each stem, ½ by 1/5 in. and few-flowered or +larger and many-fld., greenish-white or yellowish; glumes ovate, keeled, +mucronate, lower distichous, upper spiral; style longer than nut, hairy +deciduous with base, 3-fid; nut less than ½ length of glume, pyriform, +straw-coloured or pale brown, tubercled. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Nganye). + + +=F. falcifolia= _Boeck._ + +Pale green, glabrous herb; stems tufted, 4-6 in. long, 5-angled +compressed. Leaves few, 2-3 in. long, falcate, margins serrulate, +sheaths short. Umbel subcompound, 5-7 rayed; bracts 3-4, ab. ½ length of +umbel; rays capillary, up to 1 in. long, with 2-3 branches. Spikelets +obl.-lanc., 10-13 fld., ¼ in. long; glumes rigid, appressed, broad +ovate, shortly mucronate; nut under ½ length of glume, pale straw- +coloured. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma). + + +831 =Bulbostylis sphærocarpus= _C. B. Clarke._ + +Tufted annual; stem 2-5 in. long, glabrous, with 1 spikelet. Leaves ¾ +length of stem, capillary minutely hairy, sheaths somewhat bearded in +mouth. Bract ½ in. long, setaceous; spikelet ¼ by 1/14 in., bearing a +few nuts at base, male above; fertile glumes ovate, acuminate, rust- +coloured, scabrous-hairy; hypog. bristles, none in this genus; sta. 2-3; +style 3-fid, nearly as long as nut, base persistent on nut, black; nut +less than ½ length of glume, obovoid, transverse-wavy, straw-coloured. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma). + + +=B. filamentosa= _Kunth._ + +Tufted herb; stems 8-20 in. long, 3-angled and hairy at top. Leaves ⅔ +length of stem, setaceous; sheaths hairy, with long white hairs in the +throat. Head 1, 1/3-2/5 in. diam., of 6-14 bright brown spikelets; +bracts 2-3, lowest overtopping the head. Spikelets 1/6 by 1/12 in., to +6-10 fld.; glumes ovate, pubescent; sta. 3; style 3-fid, base +persistent, ovoid, slightly darker than nut; nut 2/5 length of glume, +acutely 3-angled, pallid, with obscure transverse lines. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla +Prov. (Yei River). + + +=B. pusilla= _C. B. Clarke._ + +Tufted annual; stems 1-5 in. long with 1-9 spikelets, glabrous. Leaves ½ +length of stems, setaceous. Spikelets in simple or compound lax umbel, +all solitary or some clustered 2-3 together; bracts short, setaceous; +spikelets ab. ⅛ by ½ in., but sometimes up ¼ in. broad, ab. 12 fld.; +glumes ovate; sta. 2; style 3-fid, length of nut, base persistent; nut ⅔ +length of glume, broadly obovoid, black with 2 transverse wavy lines. + +Kordofan Prov. (El Abiad). + + +=B. abortiva= _C. B. Clarke._ + +Densely tufted herb; stems 6-24 in. long, very slender, glabrous. Leaves +½ length of stem, filiform; sheath with few white hairs at throat. Umbel +up to 4-6 in. diam., compound; bracts much shorter than umbel, +setaceous. Spikelets numerous, pedicelled; otherwise as above. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur +Ghattas). + + +=B. coleotricha= _C. B. Clarke._ + +Stems densely tufted, 4-16 in. long, very slender, minutely hairy at +top. Leaves ½ length of stem, setaceous; sheaths with long white hairs +in throat. Umbel usually simple or compound, 2 in. diam., of numerous +solitary spikelets (rarely 1-3 spikelets only); bracts setaceous, often +overtopping umbel. Spikelets ovoid, ¼ in. long, brown; glumes ovate, +obtuse, keel green; style 3-fid, as long as nut, base persistent as a +small, dark button; nut ½ length of glume, pale brown, smooth, appearing +dotted. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur +Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +832 =Scirpus cubensis= _Poeppig_ & _Kunth._ + +Glabrous, except glumes; stolons present or stem decumbent and rooting; +stem 1-2 ft. long, stout 3-angled at top, nodeless. Leaves ab. as long +as stem, 1/5 in. broad. Umbel simple; heads 1-12, stellate-globose, ½ +in. diam., on ped. ½-2½ in. long; bracts up to 5-10, up to 1 ft. long. +Spikelets numerous in head, ⅙-⅓ in. long, many fld.; glumes ovate, +acute, rigid, margins ciliate; hypog. bristles 0; sta. 1-3; style +linear, confluent into ovary, 2-fid; nut ⅔ length of glume, narrowly +obovoid, corky at base, smooth, beaked. + +Khartoum Prov.; White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Main river). + + +=S. supinus= _Linn._ + +Glabrous annual; stems tufted; nodeless, 2-12 in. long, terete. Leaves +usually under 1 in. long. Head 1; lowest bract continuing the stem; 1-6 +in. long. Spikelets 1-7 in the head, 1/5-½ in. long, ellipsoid, dusky +green; glumes ovate, acute, entire at tip; hypog. bristles 0; style +linear, usually 3-fid; nut obovoid, black with transverse wavy lines. + +Darfur Prov. + + +=S. articulatus= _Linn._ + +Glabrous annual; stems tufted, 2-12 in. long, when dry showing +transverse false septa. Leaves 0. Head 1, globose, apparently lateral +owing to lowest bract (terete as the stem) continuing the latter, and up +to 2 ft. long. Spikelets ¼-¾ in. long, cylindric, green or mottled- +purple and brown; glumes ovate, incurved, tip entire; hypog. bristles 0; +style linear, 3-fid; nut ab. ½ length of glume, brown, smooth or +transversely wavy. + +Blue Nile Prov. (Ganeib Assad); Kordofan Prov. (Abu Garad); White Nile +Prov. (Kosti); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas & Kutshuk Ali’s +Zariba; Bongo: Gir & Atuoli). + + +=S. corymbosus= _Roth._ + +Glabrous herb; rhizome 2-4 in. long; stems 3 ft. long, stout, terete. +Leaves 0. Umbel apparently lateral, the lower bract 1-4 in. long +continuing the stem. Spikelets clustered, ¼-⅓ in. long, ellipsoid, dusky +brown; glumes ovate, mucronate, glabrous; hypog. bristles 0; style +linear, 3-fid; nut 2/5 length of glume, 3-angled, black, smooth, +slightly wavy. + +Darfur Prov. (J. Marra: Mid Robo 8,700 ft.). + + +=S. maritimus= _Linn._ + +Glabrous herb; stolons becoming rhizomes; stems 1-3 ft. long, stout, +3-angled. Leaves as long as stem, ¼-⅓ in. broad. Umbel compound or +simple or reduced to a head of 1-3 spikelets, rarely over 4-6 in. diam.; +bracts several, lowest up to 8 in. long. Spikelets 30-40 to the umbel, +oblong, ½-1 in. long, dark brown, often clustered; glumes ovate +emarginate and mucronate, hairy at tip; hypog. bristles 3-6, usually +shorter than nut; style long, branches 2-3, long; nut variable in size, +3-angled, obovoid, black, smooth or reticulate. + +Berber Prov. (Shendi). + + +=S. kyllingioides= _Boeck._ + +Glabrous perennial; stems rarely over 6 in. long, slender, nodeless. +Leaves ½ length of stem. Head 1, subglobose, ab. ⅙ in. diam., green or +pale brown with glume points prominent on all sides; bracts 3-4, +spreading, longer than head. Glumes ovate, contracted into a linear +obtuse end; hypog. bristles 0; style shorter than nut; branches 3, long; +nut ⅓ length of glume, smooth, black-brown. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Gendua River); Fung Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. +(Jur: Jur Ghattas). + + +=S. squarrosus= _Linn._ + +Small glabrous, tufted annual; stems 2-8 in. high, nodeless. Leaves ⅓ +length of stem. Head of 1-6 (rarely 10) squarrose spikelets; bracts 3-5, +1-4 in. long. Spikelets ⅛-¼ in. long, many-fld., greenish or brownish; +glumes caducous in fruit, narrowly obovate, narrowed into a mucro not +longer than glume; hypog. bristles 0; style hardly any, branches 3 +short, recurved; nut ⅔ length of glume, obovoid, 3-angled, smooth; sta. +1, or rarely 2. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur +Ghattas). + + +=S. Isolepis= _Boeck._ + +Glabrous annual; stems tufted, 1-10 in. long, setaceous. Leaves ¼-1½ in. +long, setaceous. Spikelet 1 to a stem, ⅛-⅙ in. long, ovoid, not +squarrose, nut-coloured, apparently lateral owing to ¼-1 in. long bract +continuing the stem; glumes obovate, triangular at top, caducous in +fruit; hypog. bristles 0, but a very thin scale is sometimes present; +sta. 1-2; style hardly any, branches 2, short, recurved; nut length of +glume, black, smooth. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma). + + +833 =Fuirena pubescens= _Kunth._ + +Hairy herb; rhizome long; stems often solitary, 4-16 in. long, 3-angled, +nodose. Leaves 6 in. long, base with a prominent ligule, lowest bract as +highest leaf. Infl. a panicle 10 by 2 in., with remote peduncles, or +reduced to 1-2 few-fld. corymbose clusters. Spikelets ovoid, ¼-⅓ in. +long; glumes broad-elliptic, obtuse, hairy on back, blackish-green, +ending in a bristle ⅓-½ length of glume; hypog. bristles 0 or +rudimentary; style 3-fid; nut less than ½ length of glume, white. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (main river near Nuer villages). + + +=F. glomerata= _Lam._ + +Hairy annual; stems 4-16 in. long. Leaves 4-6 in. long. Panicle oblong +of a few clusters. Spikelets ⅓-½ by ⅛-⅙ in.; glumes dark green to dull +brown, keel continued in a long bristle; hypog. bristles 3 or 6, outer +linear or 0, 3 inner as long as nut, broad, quadrate, toothed, clawed, +falling with the nut; nut ½ length of glume, pallid, acuminate both +ends, beak narrow; style 3-fid. + +Mongalla Prov. (Bor). + + +=F. leptostachya= _Oliv._ + +Annual. Leaves 4-8 in. long. Spikelets ¼-⅓ by 1/16-1/10 in.; 3 interior +hypog. bristles as long as nut, lamina small, oval, or with 2 recurved +teeth. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas; Bongo: Gir); Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + + +=F. umbellata= _Rottb._ + +Hairy or only the glumes; rhizome stout; stems 1½-5 ft. long, nodose. +Leaves up to 6 by ½ in. Pan. long, oblong often with many axillary +compound corymbs and 200-600 spikelets. Spikelets ¼-⅓ by ⅛-⅙ green or +dull chestnut-coloured. Glume elliptic, keel produced into a curved +bristle; hypog. bristles: 3 outer small or absent, 3 inner as long as +nut, obovate, hardly clawed; style 3-fid, linear; nut ½ length of glume, +acuminate at both ends, pallid to brown, beak small, narrow. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas; Niamniam-land: Yubbo River); +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + + +834 =Lipocarpha argentea= _R. Br._ + +Glabrous herb; rhizome up to 1½ in.; stems tufted, 4-24 in. long, +nodeless. Leaves ⅓ to full length of stem. Head 1; bracts 2-3, +horizontal, lowest 1-4 in. long. Spikelets 3-10, ¼-½ in. long, ovoid or +cylindric; glumes dense in numerous spirals, obovate, obtuse, incurved +in fruit; hypog. scales (not bristles) shorter than glume; sta. 2; style +⅔ length of nut, branches 2-3 short; nut ½ length of scale, brown-black, +smooth. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Meshra El Rek); Mongalla Prov. +(Yei River). + + +=L. Prieuriana= _Steud._ + +Glabrous herb; stems tufted, 4-16 in. long, 3-angled. Leaves ¼-½ length +of stem. Spikelets 3-18 to a head, ⅓ by ⅛ in., cylindric, dense, smooth, +reddish to purple; bracts 3-7, spreading, up to 4 in. long; glumes +broadly obovate, obtuse; hypog. hyaline scales 2, lower suborbicular, +5-nerved; nut obovoid-globose; style branches 3, almost sessile. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas). + + +835 =Ascolepis protea= _Welw._ =var.= β. =bellidiflora= _Welw._ + +Glabrous herb; stems 4-15 in. long, nodeless. Leaves ½ length of stem. +Head 1 of 1-6 spikelets, straw-coloured, ¼-¾ in. diam., hemispheric or +subglobose; bracts 3-4, 1-2½ in. long. Glumes lin.-lanc., hyaline scale +(_squamella_) solitary, up to ⅓-½ in. long or more; protruding beyond +glume; sta. 1; style ½ length of nut, 2-3-fid; nut minute, dark brown. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas). + + +=A. capensis= _Benth._ + +Glabrous herb; stems tufted, 8-20 in. long. Leaves ½-¾ length of stem, +narrow. Head of 1-3 spikelets, fused or nearly distinct, whitish; bracts +3, lowest 1-4 in. long, spreading. Spikelets ⅓-½ in. long, ovoid, dense; +glumes oblong, shorter than the solitary squamella, which is flattened +and shaped as a watch-pocket with a beak to the front up to ⅙ in. long. +Style 2-fid, hardly exserted from the pocket; nut sessile, black, +compressed. + +Upper White Nile Prov.; Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas, Jur +Aweit); Bahr El Jebel. + + +(_iii_) _Empty glumes at base of spikelet 3; fertile glume 1; hypogynous +bristles 6; inflorescence panicled; fertile fl. bisexual._ + + +836 =Rhynchospora aurea= _Vahl._ + +Nearly glabrous herb; stem nodose, 3-6 ft. long. Leaves 1-2 ft. by ½ in. +Panicle up to 16 in. long with lower axillary distant corymbs 2-5 in. +diam., bearing 100-200 spikelets. Spikelets usually in clusters of 3-10; +hypog. bristles 6, barbed upwards; style subentire or obscurely 2-fid, +base dilated; nut ½ length of glume, notched each side, beak as long as +nut. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas). + + +(_iv_) _Flowers unisexual; spikelets with 1 fem. flower only; infl. +panicled or capitate; hypog. bristles 0 to many._ + + +837 =Scleria pergracilis= _Kunth._ + +Almost glabrous annual; stems tufted, 1-2 ft. long, nodose, slender. +Leaves 4-12 in. long, narrow. Spikelets many, bearing both male and fem. +fl. in clusters of 2-5, ⅛-⅙ in. long, sessile, on a spike 2-5 in. long; +bracts to the clusters ovate, acute, ab. length of clusters, 2-sexual +(monœcious) spikelet of ab. 7 glumes, 2 lowest empty, the third carrying +the nut, ⅛-⅙ in. long, elliptic-oblong, dark brown; upper glumes male or +empty; also many spikelets similar to foregoing, without fem. fl.; sta. +1-3; anthers crested; style linear 3-fid, not dilated at base; nut +minute, white; hypog. bristles 0. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas). + + +=S. melanotricha= _A. Rich._ + +Hairy annual; stems 4-24 in. long, slender. Leaves ½-⅔ length of stem. +Spike 2-7 in. long, ciliate, with long rusty-black or white hairs, with +cluster of 3-12 spikelets, ¼-⅓ in. diam., sessile, pendent; bracts +inconspicuous. Spikelets 1/5 in. long, black-red or pallid; nut 1/16 in. +long, straw-coloured; otherwise much as above. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Gir). + + +=S. Buchanani= _Boeck._ + +Sparsely hairy perennial; stems 12-20 in. long, base bulbous. Leaves +4-12 in. long. Spike subsimple, 3-6 in. long; lower bracts often longer +than the clusters of 4-10 spikelets, which are suberect in fruit and 1/5 +in. long; nut minute, white, smooth. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli). + + +=S. Schweinfurthiana= _Boeck._ + +Thinly hairy perennial; stems 1-2 ft. long, not bulbous. Leaves 4-12 in. +long. Spike subsimple with 10-14 clusters of often 10-12 spikelets on a +rhachis 4-8 in. long; spikelets ¼ in. long, ellipsoid-oblong, chestnut- +coloured; nut white, tubercled on shoulders, minute. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +=S. glandiformis= _Boeck._ + +Herb, nearly glabrous except ligule; stems 16-24 in. long. Leaves up to +1 ft. long. Panicle with lower peduncle remote, nearly included in +sheath of the bract, carrying oblong inflorescences with 6-12 nuts, +whence bracts ½-1½ in. long diverge; monœcious spikes none, or very few. +Spikelets nearly ¼ in. long, straw-coloured, marked with brown; nut ⅙ +in. long, cylindric, tessellated, stalked, with short pallid 3- (ovate) +lobed straw-coloured hypog. disk, hardly longer than the stalks of the +nut. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas). + + +=S. globonux= _C. B. Clarke._ + +Leaves with spreading hairs or glabrate. Nut large, globose, tessellate, +minutely hairy on edge of reticulations; hypog. disc 3-lobed, lobes +subquadrate; otherwise as above. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=S. complanata= _Boeck._ + +Annual; stems 3 ft. long, minutely rusty retrorse scabrous. Leaves 4-12 +in. long. Lowest axillary ped. hardly exserted from sheath; ped. +carrying 1-4 fem. fl.; nut-bearing spikelets ab. ¼ in. long, pale green +or reddish; spikelet bract as long as it; nut small, subglobose, +tessellated, pallid; hypog. disc short funnel-shaped with 3 thin straw- +coloured ovate lobes. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas). + + +=S. Schimperiana= _Boeck._ =var. hypoxis= _C. B. Clarke._ + +Slightly hairy herb; stems 16 in. long. Leaves 12 in. long, ¼ in. or +more broad, very obtuse at tip. Lowest axillary ped. exserted 1-2 in., +carrying 3-5 nuts. Fem. spikelets ¼ in. long, chestnut-brown; nut large, +depressed globose, smooth, white; hypog. disc with 3 small oblong, +pallid lobes. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat: Matamma). + + +=S. canaliculato-triquetra= _Boeck._ + +Robust herb; stem 3-5 ft. long. Leaves 8-12 by ¼-⅓ in. Lowest axillary +peduncle remote, often exserted 3-6 in., carrying up to 20-50 spikelets. +Nut ⅛ in. long, ovoid, white, smooth; 3 lobes of disc small, tipped with +minute tails. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas). + + +=S. gracillima= _Boeck._ + +Very slender, glabrous herb; stems 16-24 in. long, almost capillary, +each bearing 2-3 nuts. Leaves 4-8 in. long, narrow. Pan. very slender, +with few branches; lowest ped. remote, exserted ½-1½ in., nodding, with +1 nut. Spikelets all 1-sexual, the fem. scarcer, 1/6-1/5 in. long; nut +minute, globose, smooth, white; lobes of disc 3, short, rounded. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas). + + +=S. melanomphala= _Kunth._ + +Robust, glabrate to hairy herb; rhizome creeping; stems 2-3 ft. long, +scabrous to smooth, 3-angled. Leaves up to 24 by ⅓ in., scabrous on +margins. Infl. straggling 1-2 ft., compound, partial panicles dense +oblong to linear. Spikelets 1-sexual, ¼-⅓ in. long, green or mottled +with brown; nut ⅛ in. long, ovoid, smooth, white or with black tip; disc +obpyramidal, large, ruddy black, margin triangular yellow; lobes 0. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: River Hoo, Buddu); Mongalla Prov. +(Yei River). + + +=S. racemosa= _Poir._ + +Robust, glabrous herb; rhizome thick scaly; stems 3-6 ft. long. Leaves +1-2 ft. by ½-1¼ in. 3-nerved, scabrous on margins, near top suddenly +narrowed; sheaths 3-winged; ligule ovate 3-angular, up to ¼ in. long. +Infl. up to 1 ft. long; partial panicles 2-3 in. long on stout axillary +peduncles, forming a terminal compound panicle. Spikelets 1-sexual, 1/5 +in. long, pallid or dark; fem. glumes ovate, shorter than nut; nut ¼-⅙ +in. long, ovoid, white or coloured; disc thickened, the lobes forming a +cup with densely ciliate margin, holding the base of the nut. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); +Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + + +838 =Diplacrum africanum= _C. B. Clarke._ + +Weak, nearly glabrous annual; stems tufted, 2-5 in. long, leafy. Leaves +1-1½ in. by 1/8-1/5 in., tip suddenly acuminate. Infl. of minute +axillary heads often all up the stem. Spikelets ab. 1/10 in. long, +ovate-lanc., greenish, all 1-sexual; nut minute, subglobose, white, +striate. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur: Jur Ghattas); Bahr El Jebel (Madi). + + +839 =Eriospora schweinfurthiana= _C. B. Clarke._ + +Glabrous perennial; stems tufted, 2 ft. high, bearing leaves all the way +up. Leaves 4-16 by ¼ in.; sheaths stout, straw-coloured, imbricate, +striate, split as in grasses with a ring of short hairs in the mouth. +Pan. 8-14 in. long with several peduncles, 3-6 in. long, from each +sheath, often carrying narrow panicles. Spikelets ⅓ in. long, 2-3-fid, +dusky straw-coloured; bracts ovate, acuminate; glumes ovate; hypog. +hairs numerous, fine; sta. 1-3; nut from an ovoid base tapering into a +beak, altogether ab. 1/5 in. long; style short, branches 3, longer. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam-land: Baginze mountain). + + + =GRAMINEÆ.= + + A KEY TO THE GENERA OF GRASSES. + + Adapted from O. Stapf. in _Flora of Tropical Africa_, vol. ix. + + +Subfamily I. PANICOIDEÆ. + +Mature spikelets falling entire from their pedicels, or with them; +perfect spikelets with two heteromorphous flowers, the upper perfect, +the lower male or barren. + + Tribe I. MAYDEÆ. Sexes in different inflorescences, male spikelets in + large terminal panicles, female spikelets in “cobs” in the axils of the + lower leaves. + + Only genus. + + 840 =Zea= + + Tribe II. ANDROPOGONEÆ. + + Spikelets in pairs, usually one sessile, the other stalked, very rarely + both stalked. Glumes more or less rigid, and firmer than the valves, + the lower always larger than the florets. Valves membranous, often + transparent, that of the upper floret awned or reduced to an awn, or + blunt. + + A. Joints and pedicels more or less stout, three cornered or rounded. + + i. Fertile spikelets 2-flowered; fertile floret awned from the sinus + of the 2-divided or 2-toothed valve. + + (a) Racemes in pairs or digitate. + + (b) Pedicelled spikelets developed; lower glume flat, keels + frequently winged or marginate. + + 841 =Ischæmum= + + (bb) Pedicelled spikelets represented by a narrow curved pedicel, + lower glume convex, covered all over with transverse much raised + teeth or warts, not keeled. + + 842 =Thelepogon= + + (aa) Racemes always solitary on the stems or branches. Glumes not + winged, the upper of the sessile spikelets with a silky-haired awn. + + 843 =Sehima= + + ii. Fertile spikelets 1- or 2-flowered, fertile florets awnless. + + (a) Racemes in spatheate inflorescences, racemosely arranged on a + common axis, or subpaniculate or solitary. + + (b) Lower glume smooth, long tailed, racemes digitate, spikelets + 2-flowered. + + 844 =Vossia= + + (bb) Lower glume rough, not tailed, racemes panicled, spikelets + 1-flowered. + + 845 =Jardinea= + + (aa) Racemes at the end of the stems and their branches, in a false + spatheate panicle, or solitary and terminal on simple or sparingly + branched stems. + + (b) Sessile spikelets small, globose, 1-flowered; joints and + pedicels fused. + + 846 =Manisuris= + + (bb) Sessile spikelets not globose. + + (c) Racemes usually more or less with long soft hairs, never + cylindrical, joints and pedicels moderately, stout, gaping. + + (d) Spikelets 2-flowered, very softly hairy all over. + + 847 =Lasiurus= + + (dd) Spikelets 1-flowered, racemes more or less hairy from the + joints and pedicels or the edges of the spikelets; lower glume + with a transparent oil-duct inside each keel, or a fringe of hairy + warts. + + 848 =Elyonurus= + + (cc) Racemes smooth (not hairy), cylindrical, particularly when the + spikelets are closed. + + (d) Pedicels and joints fused. + + (e) Racemes stout, few from each stem, sessile spikelets + 2-flowered. + + 849 =Rottbœllia= + + (ee) Racemes slender in ample spatheate panicles, sessile, + spikelets 1-flowered. + + 850 =Ophiurus= + + (dd) Pedicels free from the joints. + + (e) Pedicels club-shaped, joints cup-shaped, gaping, spikelets of + each pair similar, 2-flowered smooth. + + 851 =Chasmopodium= + + (ee) Pedicels and joints touching the main axis behind. Pedicels + spikelets usually much reduced, back of the lower glume usually + transversely rough. + + 852 =Rhytachne= + + AA. Joints and pedicels slender, thread-like, of uniform width or wedge + or club-shaped; fertile spikelets usually 1-flowered and awned. + + (i) All spikelets alike in shape and sex. + + (a) Axis of racemes tough, all spikelets pedicelled. Racemes in + spike-like or spindle-shaped solitary panicles, spikelets blunt, not + awned, glumes delicate. + + 853 =Imperata= + + (aa) Axis of racemes readily breaking up at joints; spikelets paired, + one sessile, the other pedicelled. Panicles wide, more or less + silvery and feathery; spikelets usually armed. + + 854 =Saccharum= + + (ii) The spikelets of each pair different in sex and frequently also + in shape and size, or if alike in sex, then both male or neuter. + + (a) Racemes in more or less compound espatheate panicles; pedicels + without a translucent middle line. Stalked spikelets male, neuter, or + quite suppressed. Awn from the sinus of the 2 divided valve. + + (b) Spikelets compressed on the back (at least when in flower). + + 855 =Sorghum= + + (bb) Spikelets more or less compressed laterally. + + (c) Racemes of many pairs of spikelets. + + 856 =Vetiveria= + + (cc) Racemes usually reduced to 1 sessile male, and 2 pedicelled or + barren spikelets. + + 857 =Chrysopogon= + + (aa) Racemes not in compound espatheate panicles, or if so, then the + pedicels with a translucent middle line. + + (b) Fertile valve awned from low down on the back. + + 859 =Arthraxon= + + (bb) Fertile valve awned from the sinus of a 2-divided or 2-dentate + valve, or continuing the more or less minutely stalked valve. + + (c) Margins of the lower glume of the fertile spikelets incurved + and the glume sharply 2-keeled more or less all along, with a + short, obtuse, hard point. Awn smooth or roughish, very rarely + hairy. _Andropogon_ (sp.). + + (d) spikelets awned, the awn forming a continuation of the + minutely stalked fertile glume. + + (e) Racemes digitate or racemosely arranged. + + (f) Sessile spikelets of all pairs perfect, awned. + + 860 =Amphilophis= + + (ff) Sessile spikelets of the lowest 1-3 pairs male or neuter, + and awnless. + + 861 =Dichanthium= + + (ee) Racemes solitary. + + 858 =Eremopogon= + + (dd) Awn from the sinus of the 2-divided or 2-toothed fertile + valve. + + (e) Racemes solitary at the ends of the stalks and their + branches, usually gathered into a narrow, lax, spatheate, false + panicle; joints and pedicels often somewhat stout. + + (f) Pedicelled spikelets not conspicuously larger than the + sessile, very often smaller to very small, upper glume awnless. + + 862 =Schizachyrium= + + (ff) Pedicelled spikelets very much larger than the sessile, + almost concealing them; upper glume awned. + + 863 =Diectomis= + + (ee) Racemes mostly in pairs at the end of undivided stalks, or + gathered into spatheate false, or true, panicles, each pair + supported or surrounded by a spathe; more rarely the racemes + digitate, the lateral always sessile, joints and pedicels narrow + and of uniform width. + + (f) Racemes mostly in pairs or sometimes digitate at the end of + simple or almost simple stems. + + 864 =Andropogon= + + (ff) Racemes always in pairs, with a spathe or sheath supporting + or surrounding each pair, gathered into often much divided + spatheate panicles, mostly aromatic grasses. + + 865 =Cymbopogon= + + (cc) Margins of the lower glume of the fertile spikelet inrolled + and 2-keeled only close to the tips, with the hardened base + elongate and sharp pointed. Awn hairy or glabrous. + + (d) Awn from the sinus of the 2-divided fertile valve. + + (e) Racemes paired in more or less compound panicles; awn hairy. + + Only genus. + + 866 =Hyparrhenia= + + (ee) Racemes usually much reduced, solitary at the end of the + stalks and their branches, or in more or less compound panicles; + awns smooth. + + Only genus. + + 867 =Monocymbium= + + (dd) Awn from the minutely stalked fertile valve, hairy. + + (e) Racemes many-jointed, solitary. + + Only genus. + + 868 =Heteropogon= + + (ee) Racemes few-jointed, much contracted solitary on the + branches of decompound panicles. + + Only genus. + + 869 =Themeda= + +Tribe III. PANICEÆ. + +Spikelets in usually continuous spikes, racemes or panicles. Glumes thin +and green or membranous, the lower generally smaller, very small or +suppressed. Lower valve generally resembling the glumes in structure and +nerves, the upper fertile firmer, at length rigid, often papery to +brittle, awnless, very rarely shortly pointed (_Urochloa_, +_Alloteropsis_ sp.), or finely awned (_Alloteropsis_ sp.). + + A. Inflorescence of usually slender (stout in _Alloteropsis_) spike- + like, digitate, very rarely solitary racemes. Fruiting valve with + usually flat, thin to transparent margins, often brown or black. + + (a) Spikelets quite awnless. + + 870 =Digitaria= + + (aa) Spikelets slender awned from the fertile valve. + + 871 =Alloteropsis= + + AA. Inflorescence various, not as A. Fruiting valve with more or less + inrolled margins, usually brittle, straw coloured or whitish. + + (a) Spikelets falling entire and singly from the persistent pedicels. + + (b) Spikelets not awned, or if awned, with the awn from the undivided + tips of the upper glume and lower valve. + + (c) Inflorescence not an open or contracted and cylindrical panicle, + usually composed of spikelike racemes, the spikelets of which face + one direction. + + (d) Back of the fruit away from the axis. + + (e) Lower glume rudimentary, forming with the base of its stalk a + swollen annular callus. Fruit minutely pointed. + + 872 =Eriochloa= + + (ee) No callus at the base of the spikelet, lower glume present. + + 873 =Brachiaria= + + (dd) Back of fruit turned to axis. + + (e) Lower glume absent. + + 874 =Paspalum= + + (ee) Lower glume developed. + + (f) Glumes neither awned nor tailed. + + (g) Spikelets crowded, more or less contiguous. + + (h) Fruiting valve acute, not shortly pointed, spikelets + solitary, closely 2-rowed, false spikes rigid. + + 875 =Paspalidium= + + (hh) Fruiting valve obtuse, abruptly short pointed or tipped, + spikelets solitary or paired, false spikes often curved or + bent. + + 876 =Urochloa= + + (gg) Spikelets very laxly arranged, in one row. + + 878 =Acroceras= + + (ff) Glumes with a tail or awn. + + (g) Glumes awned from the undivided, acute or tapering tip, or + prolonged into a tail. Racemes dense, more or less one sided. + + 877 =Echinochloa= + + (gg) Glumes awned from the slightly notched tip. + + 879 =Oplismenus= + + (cc) Inflorescence an open panicle, or cylindrical and spikelike. + + (d) Spikelets not supported by bristle-like branches, inflorescence + a panicle. + + 880 =Panicum= + + (dd) Spikelets without bristles, but inflorescence composed of + cylindrical false spikes with a stout axis, spikelets more or less + swollen. + + 881 =Sacciolepis= + + (ddd) All the spikelets, or only the upper of each branch supported + by bristle-like branchlets. Inflorescence cylindrical and spike- + like. + + 882 =Setaria= + + (bb) Spikelets finely awned from the notched tips of the upper glume, + and barren valve. + + (c) Upper glume swollen at or below middle, 5-nerved, nerves faint, + hidden by copious and long silky hairs. + + 883 =Tricholæna= + + (cc) Upper glume, not swollen, 5-7-nerved, nerves conspicuous. + + 884 =Melinis= + + (aa) Spikelets falling in groups, or if singly, then surrounded by a + whorl of bristles, or at least supported by 1 to several bristles. + + (b) Whorl of bracts formed by hardened lower glumes of the spikelets + of each cluster, clusters spike-like. + + 885 =Anthephora= + + (bb) Whorl formed of bristles, sometimes feathery, free, is not + united. + + 886 =Pennisetum= + + (bbb) Whorl of spines or rigid bristles united at the base into a + hard cup. + + 887 =Cenchrus= + +Subfamily II. POOIDEÆ. + +Mature spikelets breaking up, leaving the persistent or sub-persistent +glumes on the pedicel, or if falling entire, not consisting of 2 +heteromorphous flowers as in Panicoideæ. + + A. Blades of leaves never transversely veined. + + B. Awn of the fertile floret, if present, kneed and twisted below the + knee, or straight in reduced forms. (Up to _Perotis_.) + + C. Florets 2 or more. (Up to _Phragmites_.) + + Tribe IV. ARUNDINELLEÆ. + + Florets 2, heteromorphous, the lower awnless or barren. Lower valve + awnless, upper always awned, at length firm or hard. Awn from the + sinus between 2 sometimes minute lobes, usually kneed and twisted + below the knee. + + (a) Spikelets solitary on distinct pedicels. + + 888 =Trichopteryx= + + (aa) Spikelets in clusters of 3. + + 889 =Tristachya= + + Tribe V. AVENEÆ. + + Florets 2 to many, all alike, glumes generally transparent, thin, + and dry. Awn if present, from the back or from the sinus, kneed and + usually twisted below the knee. + + (a) Valves awned from the back. + + 890 =Avena= + + (aa) Valve awned from the sinus of the more or less distinctly + 2-lobed tip. + + 891 =Danthonia= + + Tribe VI. ARUNDINEÆ. + + Florets 2 to many, enveloped by very long hairs. Glumes and valves + membranous, often clear, awnless or minutely awned from the tips. + + Only genus. + + 892 =Phragmites= + + CC. Floret one. (Up to _Perotis_.) + + Tribe VII. AGROSTEÆ. + + Floret 1. Valve membranous or thin and green, not or hardly changed + when mature, usually ending abruptly. Awn, if present, from the + back. + + (a) Spikelets in compact heads or false spikes, glumes awnless. + + 893 =Heleochloa= + + (aa) Spikelets not in compact false spikes, more or less spike- + like, glumes awned from the notched or lobed tips. + + 894 =Polypogon= + + Tribe VIII. STIPEÆ. + + Floret 1. Valve hardened when mature, tightly enveloping the fruit, + awn terminal. Awns 3, from the entire tip; or one, simple below and + 3 branched above. + + 895 =Aristida= + + Tribe IX. ZOYSIEÆ. + + Floret 1, mature spikelets falling entire and singly, or in + clusters. Valve small, delicately membranous. Spikelets in slender + spike-like panicles or racemes. + + (a) Glumes awnless and at least the upper rough. + + (b) Spikelets in sessile clusters of 2-4; lower glume minute, + transparent or suppressed. + + 896 =Tragus= + + (bb) Spikelets in pairs, or solitary on a flattened stalk and + falling with it, both glumes rough. + + 897 =Latipes= + + (aa) Glumes drawn out into a long fine awn. Spikelets solitary, + smooth, spikes usually long. + + 898 =Perotis= + + BB. Awn of fertile floret, if present, never kneed and twisted below + the knee. (Up to _Bromus_.) + + C. Valves typically 3-nerved. (Up to _Tripogon_.) + + Tribe X. SPOROBOLEÆ. + + Floret 1. Glumes and valves very similar. Valve membranous, acute or + obtuse, not changed when ripe, awnless, usually olive or olive grey. + Seed often free in the delicate seed-coat. + + Only genus. + + 899 =Sporobolus= + + Tribe XI. ERAGROSTEÆ. + + Florets usually numerous (1 in _Leptochloa_ sp.) and protruding from + the glumes. Spikelets pedicelled and variously panicled, or sessile + or subsessile in spikes which are racemosely arranged. Glumes and + valves rather similar. Valves membranous, very often olive green or + olive grey, very rarely with a very short awn. (_Diplachne_ sp.). + + (a) Valves undivided, not short pointed, usually smooth, + occasionally hairy. (_Eragrostis_ sp.). + + (b) Spikes straight, crowded into a long narrow dense panicle, + spikelets very closely packed. + + 900 =Desmostachya= + + (bb) Spikelets usually in panicles, rarely in spikes. + + 901 =Eragrostis= + + (aa) Valves usually notched and minutely pointed, frequently more + or less hairy near the base or along the sides. + + (b) Spikelets much over 1/25 in. long, in often flexuous spike- + like racemes, or in short contracted panicles; valves often dark. + + 902 =Diplachne= + + (bb) Spikelets rarely over 1/25 in. long in very slender spikes on + a long common axis, valves usually pale with green nerves. + + 903 =Leptochloa= + + Tribe XII. CHLORIDEÆ. + + Spikelets sessile or subsessile, in 2-ranked, secund, usually very + dense, rarely loose spikes; spikes solitary, or digitate, or + racemosely arranged on a common axis. Valves generally membranous to + papery. Awn, if any, straight, fine, from the blunt or notched tip, + or all 3 nerves running out into short awns or bristles. + + (a) Valves undivided, notched, or more or less 2-toothed or + 2-lobed, blunt, or with the middle nerve running out into an awn, + or minute point. (_Trichoneura_.) + + (b) Spikelets 1-flowered. + + (c) Spikelets with long flexuous awns in dense digitate spikes. + + 904 =Schœnefeldia= + + (cc) Spikelets awnless or very shortly awned. + + (d) Spikes solitary. + + 905 =Microchloa= + + (dd) Spikes always digitate. + + 906 =Cynodon= + + (bb) Spikelets with several florets. + + (c) Spikelets with 1, rarely 2 (_Chloris_ sp.), fertile, and 1 or + several imperfect florets above or below the fertile. + + (d) Fertile florets with imperfect florets above it. + + (e) Valves with a short erect awn from the notched tips. + Spikelets in long, secund solitary spikes. + + 907 =Enteropogon= + + (ee) Spikelets in digitate spikes, rarely solitary; valves + awned from below the tips. + + 908 =Chloris= + + (dd) Fertile florets with 2 imperfect florets below and 2 or + more above. Spikes solitary, secund, compact, upper glume + turning from the axis, with a stiff bristle from the back. + + 909 =Ctenium= + + (cc) Spikelets with 2 or more fertile florets, and without + imperfect ones below them. + + (d) Valves awnless, or with a rigid point or very short awn from + the fine tips, undivided or nearly so. + + (e) Spikelets in digitate or subdigitate spikes. + + (f) Glumes broad, not keeled, grain deeply hollowed out on the + face. + + 910 =Cœlachyrum= + + (ff) Glumes strongly keeled; grain not hollowed out. + + (g) Spikes terminated by a spikelet, glumes and valves not + finely pointed or obscurely so. + + 911 =Eleusine= + + (gg) Spikes terminating with a sharp point; upper glume and + valves rigidly sharp pointed or shortly awned. + + 912 =Dactyloctenium= + + (ee) Spikelets in racemose spikes. + + 913 =Dinebra= + + (dd) Valves distinctly blunt, toothed or lobed, the middle nerve + of the valve running out into a fine point or short awn. + + 914 =Trichoneura= + + (aa) Valves variously toothed or lobed, with the middle and side + nerves running out into awns or sharp points. + + (b) Spikelets usually pedicelled, in open or contracted panicles, + valves toothed, or lobed, and 3-awned, awns fine and bristle-like. + + 915 =Triraphis= + + (bb) Spikelets sessile, in solitary or racemosely arranged, often + very short spikes. + + 916 =Tripogon= + + CC. Valves 5- to many-nerved. (Up to _Bromus_.) + + Tribe XIII. PAPPOPHOREÆ. + + Valves broad, cleft into 2 to many, sometimes, awnlike lobes, with + or without alternating straight awns from the sinuses. + + (a) Fertile floret 1; valves cleft into 9 awl-like, awn-like lobes. + + 917 =Enneapogon= + + (aa) Fertile florets 3-5; valves cleft into 4 transparent lobes + alternating with 5 straight awns from the sinuses. + + 918 =Schmidtia= + + Tribe XIV. ORYZEÆ. + + Spikelets all alike, or more or less differing and unisexual. + Fertile floret 1, awnless, rarely even with a bristle; terminal with + 2 minute empty florets below it, solitary; glumes very minute or + suppressed. + + (a) Spikelets panicled, fertile valve coriaceous, lower florets + represented by two scales or bristles falling with the mature + fruit. + + 919 =Oryza= + + (aa) Spikelets panicled, fertile valves papery, lower florets quite + suppressed. + + 920 =Leersia= + + Tribe XV. FESTUCEÆ. Fertile florets 2 to many, rarely 1, protruding + from the glumes. Glumes more or less resembling the valves in + general appearance. Awns, if any, not kneed, terminal or + subterminal. + + (a) Spikelets sessile in long cylindric dense or often interrupted + spikes, spikelets breaking up at maturity. Glumes and valves drawn + out into long fine points. + + 921 =Elytrophorus= + + (aa) Spikelets in compact ovoid heads, or short interrupted spikes; + glumes and valves broad. + + 922 =Æluropus= + + (aaa) Spikelets in loose, more or less open panicles; valves lance- + shaped, rounded on the back. + + 923 =Bromus= + + AA. Leaf blades transversely veined, or if not so, then tall shrubs + with woody stems. + + Tribe XVI. PHAREÆ. + + Spikelets heteromorphous, unisexual, monoecious, the male small. + Floret 1. One or both glumes of the male often minute. Leaf blades + flat, very broad, many nerved, and definitely stalked. + + Only genus. + + 924 =Olyra= + + Tribe XVII. BAMBUSEÆ. + + Shrubs or trees, leaf blades flat. Florets one to many. Valves thin + green to leathery. + + Only genus. + + 925 =Oxytenanthera= + + +840 =Zea Mays= _Linn._ DURA SHAMI, EISH ER RIF—Arab; MAINTAF—Nuer. + +The Maize Plant. A tall annual grass with sexes in different +inflorescences, the male spikelets in terminal panicles, the female in +the axils of the sheathing leaves, forming a “cob.” + +Pollination is affected by the wind. + +Cultivated throughout the Sudan. + + +841 =Ischæmum brachyatherum= _Fenzl._ BEGHEIL, GHARAZ (N. Kordn.)—Arab; +NUN—Shilluk. + +Perennial densely tufted grass up to over 3 ft. high; racemes in pairs +or threes, joints very stout, club-shaped. Spikelets in pairs, one +sessile, the other pedicelled and developed, the sessile spikelet +variably hairy, rendering the appearance very different. Awn to 5/12 in. +long, twisted, sometimes purplish. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan +Prov. (near Rahad); Upper White Nile Prov. + + +842 =Thelepogon elegans= _Roth._ + +A coarse annual grass; stems tufted, as thick as a crow quill below, and +branching above, up to 2 ft. high. Leaves up to 10 in. long and 1 in. +broad, coarsely hairy on the edges and base; racemes 2-12 in number, 2-6 +in. long. Pedicelled spikelets represented by linear curved pedicel. +Glumes prominently ridged on the back. Awn up to 1 in. long, kneed at +and twisted below the middle. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post.). + + +843 =Sehima ischæmoides= _Forsk._ + +Annual with slender stems in small bundles, rarely over 1½ ft. high; +racemes solitary, sessile, 1-3 in. long, joints and pedicels densely +hairy; glume of sessile spikelet deeply channelled. Awn up to 1¾ in. +long, hairy, spirally twisted, brown in colour. + +Nubia (Wadi Læmeb, between Suakin and Berber); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, +Matamma); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Kordofan Prov. (Abu Snun). + + +844 =Vossia cuspidata= _Griff._ UM SUF—Arab. + +A very large floating grass, perennial, one of the principal +constituents of the Sudd, copiously rooting from enlarged nodes, aerial +portion up to over 3 ft. high; racemes solitary, or 2-6 on a common +axis, 6-9 in. long, short, erect, or slightly nodding; joints about ⅓ +in. long, curved, swollen, lower glume of sessile spikelets smooth with +a channelled, pointed tail up to 1 in. long; spikelets 2-flowered, +awnless. + +Kordofan Prov. (Takari and Birket Rahad); Upper White Nile Prov. +(Moghren El Behur); Bahr El Jebel. + + +845 =Jardinea congoensis= _Franch._ + +Tall coarse grass up to 10 ft. high, inhabiting swampy places; racemes +very numerous, slender; spikelets 1-flowered, the lower glume of the +sessile spikelets running out into a sharp point with sharp pointed +tubercles on the back, much spreading during flowering. This grass is +used for making mats, screens and baskets on the West Coast. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo-land, Kulongo). + + +846 =Manisuris granularis= _Sw._ + +Much branched annual grass up to over 3 ft. high; stems leafy to the top +with shortish, soft, hairy foliage; spikes solitary, axillary and +terminal, up to 1 in. long, partly enclosed in a spathe-like sheath; +spikelets in dissimilar pairs, sessile spikelets conspicuous on account +of their grain-like appearance. + +This grass occurs in open loamy soil and is a good fodder. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, Zeriba +Ghattas). + + +847 =Lasiurus hirsutus= _Boiss._ + +Perennial grass, more or less branched and woody below, branches often +in dense bundles; racemes at the end of the stalks enclosed in a spathe- +like sheath, up to 4½ inches long. Spikelets 2-flowered, densely hairy +all over; glume of sessile spikelet narrowed into a long divided beak. + +Nubia (between Suakin and Berber, Wadi El Omari), Red Sea Prov. (Suakin, +Jebel Waratab). + + +848 =Elyonurus Royleanus= _Nees._ + +Aromatic annual grass; stems from a few inches up to 1 ft. high, erect, +tufted, especially above. Racemes 1¼-2¼ in. long, gathered in bunches, +straight, embraced by the spathe, only slightly protruding, often tinged +with red; spikelets 1-flowered, with the edges hairy, the lower glume +with brush-like tubercles on the margins. + +Red Sea Prov. (L. 21° to 22° N.); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); +Blue Nile Prov. (Sh. Talha). + + +849 =Rottbœllia exaltata= _Linn. f._ + +A tall coarse grass up to 12 ft. high, annual; stems stout, erect, +hispid, branching from the base. Racemes stout, 3-6 in. long, +cylindrical, particularly when the spikelets are closed. + +A good fodder grass. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, Jur Ghattas). + + +850 =Ophiurus papillosus= _Hochst._ + +Annual grass with rather stout stems 1½-4½ ft. high, much branched, the +branches forming ultimately a rather leafy, hairy panicle. Racemes +cylindric, slender, in simple spatheate panicles; spikelets sessile, +1-flowered. Grains oblong, 1/12 of an inch long. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post). + + +851 =Chasmopodium caudatum= _Stapf._ + +Annual grass up to 10 ft. high, rooting from the lower nodes. Racemes +stout, cylindric, terminal, spike-like, up to 3 in. long, with a tail +formed by the elongated glume of the terminal spikelet. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +852 =Rhytachne rottbœllioides= _Desv._ + +Perennial, densely tufted grass; stems 1-2½ ft. high, sometimes reddish +in colour. Leaves long, narrow, especially when folded; racemes +solitary, very slender, 3-6 in. long, wavy with longitudinal grooves; +lower glumes of spikelets with transverse ridges. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, Geneina.). + + +=R. triaristata= _Stapf._ + +Annual grass up to 1½ ft. high; stems in small tufts; leaves very narrow +and folded, as above. Racemes similar to above; pedicelled spikelet +represented by a terminal pair of unequal bristles. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo land, Gir.). + + +853 =Imperata cylindrica= _Beauv._ =var. Koenigii= _Durand_ & _Schinz._ +BINGBA—Zande. + +Erect, perennial grass, up to 4 ft. high; leaf sheaths long, bearded at +the nodes. Panicle spike-like, 2-8 in. long, cylindric, very dense, axis +not breaking up into joints; spikelets surrounded by long white hairs, +giving the whole a silvery appearance. + +This grass is used for thatching. A bad weed. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo land, Gir); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +854 =Saccharum spontaneum= _Linn._ =var ægyptiacum.= UM GHRUF +(Fung)—Arab. + +Tall, perennial, grass up to 12 ft. high, many jointed, silky below the +panicles, and coated with wax below the joints. Panicle up to 1½ ft. +long and 5 in. wide, dense, plumose, silvery; axis breaking up. + +This grass is largely used for thatching; the reeds are made into arrow +shafts. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma) Blue Nile Prov. Fung Prov. (Fazoghli, +Jongol’s Post, Harun). Darfur Prov. (in wadis). Upper Nile Prov. +(Malakal). + + +855 =Sorghum virgatum= _Stapf._ + +Annual, with slender stems branched from lower and middle nodes. Panicle +narrow, very lax, ½ to over 2 ft. long, branches erect, the lowest up to +6 in. long, fine; sessile spikelets lanceolate, finely awned, deciduous +with the pedicelled spikelet, pale straw colour, greenish in the upper +portion, occasionally flushed with purplish brown. + +Widely distributed in the northern Sudan, along river; also in Kordofan +and Kassala Provinces. + + +=S. lanceolatum= _Stapf._ + +Annual, with slender stems up to 10 ft. high. Panicle 9-15 in. long, +loose, more or less nodding. Sessile spikelets lanceolate, acutely +acuminate, sparingly hairy to almost smooth, straw coloured, slightly +greenish, on maturity turning bright red, finely awned. Pedicelled +spikelets deciduous. Grain obovate oblong, compressed on the back, +yellowish above, paler below, 1/8 by 1/12 in. in size. + +White Nile Prov. Upper Nile Prov. + + +=S. sudanense= _Stapf._ GARAWI—Arab; KAWKAW—Zande. + +Tall annual, up to 10 ft. high; panicle open, pyramidal, spreading, 6-12 +in. long, erect, up to 6 in. wide at the base. Sessile spikelet +lanceolate to elliptic oblong, rather acute, finely hairy (white hairs), +straw-colour to light yellow, with dull green, striate tips when young. +Awned. Pedicelled spikelets persistent. Grain oval, flattened, orange, +16 in. long. + +Widely distributed in northern and central Sudan. A fodder grass of +growing importance. + + +=S. halepense= _Pers._ ADDAR—Arab. + +Perennial, up to 5 ft. high; stems slender, springing from strong +creeping rhizomes. Panicle open and spreading, 6 in.-2 ft. long. Fertile +spikelet at first hairy, later becoming smooth; pedicelled spikelets +falling early. This grass resembles Sudan Grass, but differs in the +rootstock being perennial. It is therefore not suited to cultivation. + +Khartoum Prov. + + +=S. arundinaceum= _Stapf._ ADDAR, ADDAR ABU SHAR (Kordn.)—Arab. + +Tall annual, stems up to 12 ft. high; panicle pyramidal, larger and +denser than _S. sudanense_. Pedicelled spikelets falling, narrowed to an +acute point, oblong, not minutely-stalked; with yellowish or reddish +hairs. + +A good fodder grass. + +Kordofan (Khor Abu Habl). Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +=S. verticilliflorum= _Stapf._ + +Annual, 4-8 ft. high. Leaf blades 1 in. broad, sometimes flushed with +purple. Panicle up to 15 in. long, pyramidal; sessile spikelets ovate to +ovate-lanceolate, shortly narrowed to a point, hairs whitish or +purplish, awn up to ½ in. long. + +Bahr El Jebel (Lat. 7° N.). + + +=S. abyssinicum= _Stapf._ + +Tall annual grass; leaves up to 2½ in. wide, panicle obovate lanceolate +in shape, over 1 ft. long and about 4 in. wide; sessile spikelets ovate- +oblong to elliptic-oblong, acute, with pale yellow hairs; awns up to 1 +in. long. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat). + + +=S. æthiopicum= _Rupr._ + +Annual, slender stalks up to 10 ft. high. Leaves up to 1 ft. long and up +to over 1 in. wide, usually strongly flushed with red or purple. Panicle +narrow, linear to linear-oblong, up to over 1 ft. long, often secund. +Sessile spikelet ovate to elliptic lanceolate, clay colour, often +reddish below; pedicelled spikelet linear lanceolate, often bright red. +Awn about 1 in. long. + +Nubia (Sagadi between Suakin and Berber); Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov. +(Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (Jebel Arashkol). + + +=S. aterrimum= _Stapf._ ?BURRI—Arab (Schweinf). + +Annual, with slender stalks up to 6 ft. high. Leaf sheath strongly +blotched with blackish purple. Panicle narrowly oblong to ovate +lanceolate. Sessile spikelet finally glossy jet black. Awn up to ¾ in. +long, but sometimes reduced to short point. + +Said to be cultivated in the South. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=S. guineense= _Stapf._ =var. robustum.= VUNDE—Zande; BELL—Nuer. + +Tall annual up to 7 ft. high; stems stout, wavy; leaf up to over 2 ft. +by 3 in. Panicle oblong, mature spikelets gaping, exposing the grain, +which is round and dark red in colour. Glumes also dark red, glossy. + +Cultivated as a food crop in the Southern Sudan. A red dye is obtained +from the leaf sheaths. + +Mongalla, and Bahr El Ghazal Prov. + + +=S. Durra= _Stapf._ HAMAIZI, AKLIMAWI, and SAFRA KOHIA—Arab. + +Tall annual grass up to 14 ft. high, leaf blades up to 15 in. by 2 in. +Panicle much more compact than preceding, ovoid or ellipsoid; spikelets +densely clustered; sessile spikelets rhombic-obovate in flower; mature +grain subglobose with a broad, round, much exposed top, white, yellow, +or reddish-yellow in colour. + +_Types._ Aklimawi—glumes dull whitish with a brown band across just +below the tip, more or less white hairy; grain with very broad and +almost flattened yellow tops. + +Safra Kohia—glumes more or less glossy without a dark band, straw +yellow, frequently brown or blackish at the base, grains ivory colour. + +Hamaizi—glumes more or less glossy without the dark band, burnt sienna +colour to blackish, particularly below, grains reddish ochre. + +Cultivated as a food crop. + +White Nile Prov. (Geteina) and Blue Nile Prov. + + +=S. caudatum= _Stapf._ + +Tall annual up to 14 ft., stems stout. Panicle erect, oblong, moderately +to very dense. Sessile spikelets elliptic oblong, subobtuse or minutely +pointed, sparingly hairy. Grain very broad-elliptic to orbicular, +exposed. + +=var. angolensis.= Grain up to ⅛ in. long, broad obovate in outline, +dark red, glume black. Panicle erect, oblong, rather small and compact. + +Largely grown in Southern Sudan. Type KAKWA—Arab. + +=var. Cerevisiæ.= Grain up to ⅛ in. long, broad obovate in outline, +purplish red in colour, glume black, panicle umbrella-shaped owing to +shortening of axis. + +Grown in Southern Sudan for preparation of native beer. + +=var. Schweinfurthii.= Grain over ⅛ in. long, roundish, white or ochre +salmon in colour, panicle oblong with axis running through; pedicelled +spikelets more or less persistent, up to ⅛ in. long, mature glumes straw +colour to whitish. + +Types ZERZEREIH, BAHANA—Arab. + +=var. fragile.= Grain over ⅛ in. long, obovate, rather flattened, mature +glumes white, brittle upwards. Panicle slightly open, branches long +ascending. Pedicelled spikelets persistent. + +Type RUBAI (Sennar)—Arab. + +=var. umbonatum.= Panicle as var. _fragile_, grain much flattened with a +central boss, apricot colour, lower glume transversely constricted. +Pedicelled spikelets persistent. + +Type LAGHRAB EL HOMAR (Gezira)—Arab. + +=var. rutilum.= Panicle obovate, rather open, mature glumes straw +coloured, tinged with red, grain ochre red to salmon on the top, paler +below. Pedicelled spikelet persistent. + +Type HEGARIG—Arab. + +=var. atrolutescens.= Panicle obovate, somewhat irregular and loose, +branches long and flexuous. Mature glumes black, grains sulphur or maize +yellow to ochre buff, large, flattened at the sides. Pedicelled spikelet +persistent. + +Type SAFRA, HEGIRI, ABU GARADA, SHABAT AHMAR—Arab. + +=var. gibbum.= Panicle rather oblong, fairly dense; pedicelled spikelets +readily deciduous; mature glumes black; grain ochre, salmon colour, +terracotta or Indian red, more or less swollen on one side. + +Type WAD MASNAB, EL TORAK, ABU GARADA—Arab. + +=var. Feterita.= Panicle usually oblong, rather narrow, moderately open +to dense, glumes glossy black, grain white with an enamelled appearance. + +Type FETERITA. + +=var. Gassabi.= Panicle dense, broadly elliptic to obovate. Glumes +white, margins, often hairy. Grain creamy globose, rather large. + +Type GASSABI. + + +=S. papyrascens= _Stapf._ + +Tall annual up to 12 ft. high. Panicle oblong to oblanceolate in +outline, moderately dense, branches long, flexuous. Mature glumes +transparent, papery and brittle, breaking irregularly at the tips; grain +shorter than the glumes and completely enclosed by them, or partly +exposed where glumes are broken, obovate in shape, compressed, dull +white or orange. + +=var. vesiculare= _Stapf._ Mature spikelets somewhat inflated, pale +straw colour, rather hairy, grain white. + +Type FIKI EL MOSTAHI—Arab. + +=var. lateritium= _Stapf._ Mature spikelets strongly flushed with brick +red, grain orange, glume very brittle upwards. + +Type GADDUM EL TEITAL—Arab. + +Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov. + + +=S. Melaleucum= _Stapf._ SHELSHELEIH—Arab. + +Tall annual. Panicles large, oblong, rather one-sided, somewhat loose; +branches slender, nodding, purple; grain white, as long as the rather +brittle, glossy black, glumes; glumes hairy upwards. + +Blue Nile Province. + + +=S. Ankolib= _Stapf._ ANKOLIB—Arab. + +Tall annual. Panicle oblong, contracted, somewhat loose when mature, +branches not very long, stout and branched, sessile spikelets very +acute, thinly leathery below and sometimes separated from the papery +upper portion by a transverse line. Grain enclosed, almost round in +outline. + +The canes contain sugar and are chewed. Cultivated. Kassala Prov. +(Gallabat, Matamma); Blue Nile Prov. (Sh. Talha); Fung Prov. (Roseires). + + +=S. cernuum= _Host._ DURA SEIFI—Arab. + +Tall annual up to 14 ft. Panicle eventually recurved, ovoid, very +compact, lower glume leathery at the base, whitish hairy all over. Grain +exposed or protruding, dull white, large. Cultivated. + +Northern Sudan; Kassala Prov. + + +=S. purpureo-sericeum= _Aschers._ & _Schweinf._ + +Erect annual up to 3 ft. high; leaves up to 9 in. long by ⅓ in. wide. +Panicle up to 8 in. long, very loose; sessile spikelets lanceolate, +acuminate; lower glume wholly leathery, dark brown to black except at +the tip, with a band of soft brown hairs at the base. Awn up to 2 in. +long twisted to the middle. + +Kassala Prov. (along eastern borders); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post). + + +=S. dimidiatum= _Stapf._ + +Perennial about 2 ft. high. Panicle very narrow and small. Sessile +spikelet lanceolate acuminate, lower glume firmly coriaceous up to half +way, then abruptly thinner, the coriaceous portion turning glossy brown +or black. Awn slender, about 1 in. long. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post). + + +=S. bipennatum= _Stapf._ + +Annual up to 4 ft. high. Panicle narrow, oblong, up to 7 in. long, lax; +racemes reduced to a single spikelet accompanied by two slender +pedicels. Glumes coriaceous, brown, the lower whitish at the base, +silkily hairy. Awn about 1½ in. long, kneed at, and twisted below the +middle. + +Bahr El Ghazal (Jurland). + + +856 =Vetiveria nigritana= _Stapf._ + +Tall, densely tufted perennial grass, with branching rootstocks and +spongy aromatic roots, up to 6 ft. high. Panicle up to over 1 ft. long, +with long slender whisk-like branches. Sessile spikelets very narrowly +lanceolate, dull green or somewhat purplish with a small bristle-like +awn. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit); Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf); Bahr +El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, Bongo, and Addai). + + +857 =Chrysopogon Aucheri= _Stapf._ =var. quinqueplumis= _Stapf._ + +Tufted perennial grass up to 2 ft. high, with very slender stems, +panicled, narrow, 2-4 in. long, loose with the tips of the branches +bearded; racemes reduced to 1 or 2 joints. Spikelets hairy, greyish; awn +also hairy, up to 1 in. long, yellow in colour. + +Nubia (between Suakin and Berber, Wadi Læmeb and Wadi Derumkad, Long. +35° 25′ E.). + + +858 =Eremopogon foveolatus= _Stapf._ + +Tufted grass up to 2 ft. high (often under 1 ft.); leaves greyish, +narrow. Panicle narrow, up to 3 in. long, spikelets pinkish, surrounded +by white silky hairs. Awn up to 1½ in. long, kneed, brown. + +Red Sea Prov. (maritime plain and up to 3,000 to 4,000 ft. Soturba +range, Lat. 21° N.). + + +859 =Arthraxon serrulatus= _Hochst._ + +Perennial grass up to 2 ft. high; stems from a short rhizome. Leaves +broadly lanceolate, 1-2 in. long, ½-¾ in. wide, with cartilaginous +margins, hairy, particularly along the edges and on the sheaths. Racemes +2-5, slender, greenish or suffused with purple, 1¼ to over 2 in. long, +on a short common axis; sessile spikelet narrow with small short teeth +along the edges. Fertile valve awned from low down on the back. Awn up +to over ½ in., fine, kneed about the middle. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma). + + +860 =Amphilophis pertusa= _Stapf._ + +Perennial grass up to 2½ ft. high, stems slender. Panicles digitate, up +to 2½ in. long, branches up to 10; racemes whitish or dull purplish with +silky hairs. Sessile spikelets pale green, with a pronounced pit on the +glume, awned; the awn forming a continuation of the valve, 1 in. long, +kneed at the middle. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River, Rejaf road). + + +=A. insculpta= _Stapf._ =var. vegetior= _Stapf._ + +Similar to above but with 1-3 pits on the glume of pedicelled spikelets; +sessile spikelets usually olive green or flushed with purple. Leaves +rough and reed-like. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Atbara River (Gerba). + + +861 =Dichanthium annulatum= _Stapf._ MALHI (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab. + +Very tufted perennial grass up to over 3 ft. high, stems many noded. +Leaves narrow, strongly ribbed. Inflorescence digitate, racemes 3-9, +thinly hairy with long silky hairs, pale or flushed with purple; sessile +spikelets of the lowest 1-3 pairs staminate or neuter and awnless; awn +of fertile valve a continuation of the valve, nearly 1 in. long. + +Red Sea Prov. (near Tokar, Port Sudan, Wadi Yumga, Wadi Læmeb); Kordofan +Prov. (Abu Garad); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Khartoum Prov.; +Blue Nile Prov. (Sennar). + + +862 =Schizachyrium urceolatum= _Stapf._ + +Annual up to 1 ft. high, stems slender; leaves very narrow, reddish, the +upper spathe-like, enclosing the racemes. Spikes solitary, joints and +pedicels short, thickened, with a large slipper-like appendage. Awn +about ¾ in. long, from the hollow of the 2-toothed fertile valve, which +is divided to beyond the middle. Racemes smooth, except for a silky tuft +of hairs at the base of the joint. Pedicelled spikelets not larger than +the sessile. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma). + + +=S. exile= _Stapf._ + +Annual, stems in bundles, from ½ to 2 ft. high. Leaf blades eventually +pinkish, very narrow, tapering to a fine point, uppermost spathe-like, +enclosing the racemes, which are conspicuously hairy. Joints up to ¼ in. +long, club-shaped, with a oblique minutely toothed membranous appendage, +otherwise as _S. urceolatum_. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); White Nile (J. Arashkol); Kordofan +Prov. (El Obeid); Darfur Prov. (El Fasher); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur +Ghattas Zariba). + + +=S. Schweinfurthii= _Stapf._ + +Perennial grass up to 2 ft. high, leaves narrow, tapering. Uppermost +spathe-like. Inflorescence simpler and much less tufted than the +preceding. Fertile valve shortly two toothed, joints very narrow. +Sessile spikelets very close, almost smooth, awned. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur, Tokuto River). + + +863 =Diectomis fastigiata= _Kunth._ + +Annual, up to 5 ft. high; stems slender, kneed at the base; leaves, +narrow, tapering to a fine bristle-like point. Inflorescence enclosed in +a spathe, branches 2 or 3. Pedicelled spikelets larger than sessile, +surrounded by long, soft, white hairs, very different from the sessile. +Awn 1¼-2 in. long, kneed at the middle, twisted, yellow and brown. + +Fung Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Jebel Marra 6,000 to 8,000 ft.). + + +864 =Andropogon tenuiberbis= _Hack._ + +Tall perennial grass up to 15 ft. high. Leaf blades narrow, over 1 ft. +long, tapering to a fine point. Inflorescence a loose spatheate panicle +up to 2½ ft. long, with about 6, 2-4-rayed tiers. All sessile spikelets +alike, awns from the sinus of the 2-divided fertile valve, joints and +pedicels very narrow and slender. + +Bahr El Ghazal (Jur, Geneina, Jur Ghattas, Kutshuk Ali’s Zariba). + + +=A. linearis= _Stapf._ + +Perennial up to 3 ft. high, leaves very narrow, sheaths often purplish. +Inflorescence small, partly enclosed in a spathe, awn of sessile +spikelet stout. + +Darfur Prov. (Jebel Marra, 8,000 ft.). + + +=A. schirensis= _Hochst._ + +Perennial grass 3-10 ft. high, leaf blades narrowed, tapering, often 1½ +ft. long. Inflorescence consisting of stout racemes in pairs, with +compressed, long awned (as above) spikelets. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Khor Utrab); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur +Ghattas). + + +=A. gayanus= _Kunth,_ =var. genuinus= _Hack._ + +Tufted perennial grass, from a few feet to 10 ft. high. Leaves narrow, +tapering, leaf sheath often wider than the blade, forming rounded +shoulders at the junction. Inflorescence consisting of racemes in pairs; +spikelets with long, soft, white hairs. Awns ½-¾ in. long. Joints and +pedicels hairy on one side. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + +=var. squamulatus= _Stapf._ As above, but joints and pedicels hairy on +both margins. Awn ¾-1¼ in. long. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Upper Nile Prov. (Sobat River, +Nasser); Kordofan (Rahad); Darfur (Jebel Marra, 9,300 ft.). + +=var. bisquamulatus= _Hack._ ABU RIKHIS—Arab. + +As above, joints and pedicels hairy on one or both margins, spikelets +more or less hidden by silky hairs. + +White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (Obeid and between Um +Ruaba and Eilafun); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongoland, between Uringama +and Ngoli). + + +865 =Cymbopogon sennarensis= _Chiov._ + +Densely tufted perennial up to 3 ft. high, often reddish in colour; +leaves narrow, up to 8 in. long. Inflorescence a spatheate obovoid +panicle, formed of more or less dense balls of racemes which are in +pairs and each surrounded by a spathe. The sessile spikelets at the base +of the spike are different from the rest; the lower glume of female +spikelets with 4 nerves. Awn only ¼ in. long, bristle-like, spikelet +surrounded by long, fine, white hairs. + +Fung Prov. + + +=C. proximus= _Stapf._ MAHAREIB—Arab. + +Similar to above, but spatheate panicle narrow, long, much interrupted +below; the lower glume of the fertile spikelets with 2 short nerves. Awn +a fine straight bristle up to ¼ in. long. + +Red Sea Prov. (sea coast, Wadi El Omari); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, +Matamma); Khartoum Prov. (Jebel Royan, Omdurman and Soba); Blue Nile +Prov.; Fung Prov. (Abu Naama); Kordofan Prov. (Jebel Abu Sunun); Darfur +Prov. (E. of El Fasher and Kulme). + + +=C. near C. proximus= _Stapf._ + +Darfur Prov. (Kulme). + + +=C. nervatus= _Chiov._ NĀL. HAMAREIB, MARHABEIB, MAHAREIB, and TEITALIB +(Kord)—Arab; SHIREIH (Dilling)—Nuba; NGEINY (Ying)—Nuer. + +Annual (?) grass up to 3 ft. high. Panicle narrow, spatheate, similar to +previous species, but lower glume of fertile spikelet with conspicuous +long oil streaks on both ends of the groove. + +This grass is much used for thatching. It contains a volatile oil which +has been examined by the Govt. Chemist; vide W.T.R.L. report, 1921. + +Widely distributed in plains of Central Sudan. + + +=C. excavatus= _Stapf._ + +Perennial 2-4 ft. high. Inflorescence smaller and more open than above, +also darker in colour, oil streaks obscure. Base and adjacent pedicel of +sessile raceme joined together. + +Khartoum Prov. (Soba); Blue Nile Prov. (Dinder River). + + +=C. giganteus= _Chiov._ MARAIRA (Meshra El Zeraf)—Arab; NŪR (Meshra El +Zeraf)—Dinka. + +Tall perennial up to 8 ft. high. Inflorescence frequently over 1 ft. +long, very open, spatheate, and clustered as preceding; joints and +pedicels densely hairy; base and adjacent pedicel of sessile raceme +joined; oil streaks confined to upper portion of the lower glume of the +sessile spikelet. Awn up to ½ in. long, bent about the middle. + +Kordofan Prov. (Megenas and J. Kōn); Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El +Zeraf to Hillet Kaka); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. + + +866 =Hyparrhenia finitima= _Stapf._ + +Perennial grass up to 6 ft. high. Inflorescence long, narrow, open, +reddish. Racemes in pairs, dense, enclosed in a narrow, pointed spathe +with reddish hairs. Awns slender, about 1¾ in. long, bent, twisted, and +hairy. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma), Khor Utrub. + + +=H. rufa= _Stapf._ BURNUS (Rahad River)—Arab. + +Perennial grass up to 8 ft. long, tufted. Spatheate panicle large, very +lax; peduncles of racemes up to 2½ in. long, protruding from the tightly +rolled spatheoles; spikelets reddish with reddish short hairs. Awns ¾ to +1¼ in., hairy below the bend. Used for thatching and fencing. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post and Zamarka); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo +land, Kulongo Jm, Jur Ghattas); Darfur Prov. (Kulme); Bahr El Jebel +(Lat. 5° N.). + + +=H. hirta= _Stapf._ HAMERAI Arab. + +Perennial grass up to 3 ft. high, densely tufted; leaf blades very +narrow, from a few inches to 12 in. long. Spatheate panicle up to 12 in. +long, racemes scanty and far apart. Spatheoles very narrow, reddish, +tapering to a long fine point; racemes with white hairs. Awns up to 1 +in. long, dark brown. + +Nubia (J. Waratab; Wadi Arab, between Suakin and Berber); Red Sea Prov. +(Erkowit, near Khor Ashat); Kordofan Prov. (Khor Abu Habl). + + +=H. Barteri= _Stapf,_ =var. calvescens= _Stapf._ + +Annual up to 1 ft. high. Leaves up to 1 ft. by 1/5 in. Spatheate panicle +rather dense, with long slender branches bearing fan-shaped groups of +spatheolate racemes. Awns 2 per raceme pair, up to over 2 in. long, +shortly hairy. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Gigging). + + +=H. Ruprechtii= _Fourn._ + +Perennial, up to 10 ft. high, forming dense clumps. Leaves very narrow +and tapering. Spatheate panicle erect, narrow and interrupted, +spatheoles narrow, pointed, up to 3 in. long, reddish; fertile spikelets +over ¼ in. long, oblong. Awns about 3 in. long. + +Used for thatching and fencing. + +Bahr El Jebel (Shambe and Madi). + + +=H. macrolepis= _Stapf._ + +Annual 5-8 ft. high. Inflorescence similar to _H. Ruprechtii_, but +fertile spikelets larger (nearly ½ in. long), and awns up to 5 in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=H. pseudocymbaria= _Stapf._ ANSORA (River Rahad)—Arab. + +Annual up to over 3 ft. high, showy by reason of the boat-shaped +spatheoles, which remain after maturity, and enclose the racemes; these +spatheoles are vividly coloured from bright red to yellowish brown. Awns +up to 2½ in. long with brown silky hairs. + +Fung Prov. (Roseires and Jongol’s Post); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, 7,500 +ft. and Kulme, 3,600 ft.). + + +=H. cymbaria= _Stapf._ + +Tall handsome grass, perennial, 6-20 ft. high; leaf blades very narrow. +Spatheate panicle often very large and dense, spatheoles boat-shaped, +coloured vivid red or purple, racemes protruding from the spatheoles; +spikelets hairy, coloured green and purple; awns about ½ in. long. + +Darfur (Jebel Marra, 8,000 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam land; +Atasilli Brook). + + +=H. variabilis= _Stapf._ + +Tall handsome perennial grass up to 10 ft. high. Inflorescence over 1 +ft. long, narrow, fairly open, very similar to preceding, but peduncles +rather larger (¼ in.) and sessile spikelets up to nearly ½ in. long, +awns up to 1¼ in. long. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +=H. confinis= _Anders._ + +Annual grass, 3 ft. and over high. Inflorescence long, very loose and +open, more or less leafy. Spatheoles boat-shaped, up to 2 in. long, +narrow and tapering. Peduncles about equalling the spatheoles. Awns up +to 3 in. long, stout and twisted. The whole plant light reddish brown. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Darfur Prov. (Kulme). + +=var. pellita= _Stapf._ Leaves more rigid and narrower than in the type. + +Kassala Prov. (Matamma, Gallabat). + + +=H. macrarrhena= _Stapf._ + +Handsome annual grass about 3 ft. high. Inflorescence long, very open. +Spatheoles purplish, up to 1½ in. long, narrow, boat-shaped; spikelets +light yellow, hairy; peduncle much shorter than spatheoles. Awns stout, +about 3 in. long. Joints of stem with a spreading beard. + +Bahr El Ghazal (Bongo land). + + +=H. diplandra= _Stapf._ + +Tall perennial, up to over 12 ft. high, densely tufted from a short +rhizome. Spatheate panicle large, narrow, loose, often over 2 ft. long. +Spatheoles very narrow, 1-1¼ in. long, edges finally inrolled, purplish +or brown in colour. Long spikelets in tufts on long slender peduncles. +Awns finely hairy, 1½-2½ in. long. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, Bongo, Tonj River); Mongalla Prov. +(Yei River). + + +=H. cornucopiæ= _Stapf._ + +Handsome grass, spatheate panicle leafy, very loose and open, up to 1 +ft. high, spatheoles narrowly lanceolate, up to 3 in. long, purplish; +axis of the racemes produced into a cup-like appendage nearly ½ in. +long. Awn stout, up to 4½ in. long, very hairy with short brown hairs. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +867 =Monocymbium ceresiiforme= _Stapf._ + +Perennial grass 1-4 ft. high; leaves often very hairy. Inflorescence +narrow, loose; racemes solitary, much reduced in size, enclosed in a +larger coloured spatheole which is narrow and boat-shaped. Awns fine, up +to ½ in. long, kneed at and twisted below the middle, not hairy. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo land, Gir & Jur land); Jur Ghattas. + + +868 =Heteropogon contortus= _Roem._ & _Schult._ + +Tufted perennial up to over 3 ft. high, leaves narrow, mostly growing +from the base. Inflorescence a single slender terminal raceme, from 1½ +to over 6 in. long. Spatheoles narrow, tapering, about ⅓ in. long, +hairy. Awns, stout, kneed, 2 to over 4 in. long, dark brown, often +twisted together. + +This grass is known as Spear Grass. It frequently causes trouble to +cattle and horses, as the sharp-pointed seeds stick in the mouth and +penetrate the skin. It forms good hay if cut before it flowers. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra); Nuba Mts. +Prov. (J. Ghulfan); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas and Niamniam +land); Mongalla Prov. (Gemeiza). + + +869 =Themeda triandra= _Forsk._ + +Coarse perennial grass 1½-4 ft. high, tufted, often with a layer of +withered fibres at the base. Inflorescence of scanty, scattered, +spatheate panicles and long stalks, resembling tassels. Spatheoles +narrow, purple or red, up to 2 in. long; spikelets much shorter, about ½ +in., with long hairs; awns long, black, twisted, stout. + +A valuable fodder grass. + +Darfur Prov. + + +870 =Digitaria horizontalis= _Willd._ + +Annual grass, from one to several feet high; stems tufted, ascending +from a bent, more or less prostrate base, hairy, up to ½ in. wide. +Inflorescence of 4 to many racemes on a common axis (digitate), 1½-6 in. +long, finely hairy. Spikelets continuous, pressed close to the axis, up +to ½ in. long, awnless, lower glume reduced to a small, ovate, +membranous scale; upper 3-nerved with lines of silky hairs between the +hairs on the margins, axis with long, spreading, very fine glistening +hairs. + +A good fodder grass. + +Red Sea Prov. (Lat. 21° N.; sea coast, to between 3,000 to 4,000 ft.); +Fung Prov. (Bunzaga); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Darfur Prov. (Kulme). + + +=D. marginata= _Link._ + +Annual grass, 1 to over 2 ft. high. Leaves up to ⅓ in. broad, hairy. +Racemes 4-9, digitate, consisting of small spikelets, appressed to the +axils, rather larger than above, also upper glume more pointed. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + +=var. fimbriata= _Stapf._ More silky than above. + +Berber Prov. + +=var. nubica= _Stapf._ Spikelets smooth, not hairy. + +Halfa Prov.; Dongola Prov. (Between Old Dongola and Merowe); Berber and +Khartoum Prov. + + +=D. gayana= _Stapf._ + +Annual, 1-4 ft. high. Leaves with coarse pale hairs; racemes 2-6, +digitate. Spikelets up to nearly ⅙ in. long, with a copious silvery or +purplish lateral fringe of hairs, which is produced into a long brush- +like point. + +Kordofan Prov. (Um Marba). + + +=D. xanthotricha= _Stapf._ + +Annual, 2-3 ft. high, smooth or sparingly hairy. Racemes two, one +sessile, the other shortly peduncled, or 3-4 sessile, digitate. +Spikelets with one transverse and two lateral fringes of brown coloured +or reddish hairs. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=D. ternata= _Stapf._ + +Annual, stems ½-2 ft. long. Leaves sparingly hairy. Racemes 2-7, +digitate, very slender, 2-6 in. long, with spikelets not so close as in +preceding. Spikelets ½ in. long, ovate, hairy, hairs with thick walls +and club-shaped tips, produced to form a short terminal tuft or beard. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post). + + +=D. abyssinica= _Stapf._ + +Perennial grass with a long, slender, creeping, often branching rhizome; +up to 1 ft. high. Leaves smooth, narrow, strongly ribbed. Racemes 2-9, +at the apex of a common axis. Spikelets rather loose, elliptic acute, +1/12 in. long. + +A bad weed. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River, Kagulu). + + +=D. debilis= _Willd._ + +Annual, springing from a prostrate, branching and rooting base, 1-2 ft. +high. Leaves narrow, small, upper 4 in. by ¼ in., lower 1 in. by ⅛ in. +Racemes 5-11, digitate, pale green. Spikelets rather loose, up to ⅛ in. +long, slender, very pointed, not hairy. + +A good fodder grass. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli) Kordofan Prov. + + +=D. pennata= _Chiov._ + +Bushy grass up to 3 ft. high (generally smaller), with a short rhizome +producing tufts of fresh growths, covered at the base with white hairy +scales. Stems very slender, wiry, producing barren branches from the +lower, and tufted flowering branches from the upper joints. Racemes 6-10 +in a whorl, very slender, up to 5 in. long, digitately arranged. +Spikelets oval, about ⅛ in. long, in pairs, widely spaced, with long +fine spreading hairs. + +Nubia; Red Sea Prov. + + +=D. uniglumis= _Stapf,_ =var. major= _Stapf._ + +Tall perennial grass up to 10 ft. high. Leaves 2 ft. long and ½ in. +wide. Inflorescence up to 2 ft. long, consisting of racemes (up to 10 +in. long), gathered into a panicle. Spikelets small, rarely 1/12 in. +long, oval, closely arranged, glossy chestnut brown in colour. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo; Gurfala; Niamniam-land, near Nganye by the +Ibba River). + + +=D. intecta= _Stapf._ + +Annual, up to 3 ft. high. Leaf sheath strongly ribbed, covered with +short stiff hairs. Racemes 8-20, gathered into a brush-like panicle 5-8 +in. long. Spikelets very small, about 1/20 in. long, beset with fine +white hairs, glossy chestnut brown in colour. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma). + + +871 =Alloteropsis semialata= _Hitchcock._ + +Perennial grass, compactly tufted on a short rhizome, with a thick basal +coat of silky hairy leaf bases or their remains. Stems erect, 1-3 ft. +high. Leaves strongly ribbed, very narrow. Inflorescence mostly of 2-3 +racemes, occasionally one, sometimes 3-4, springing from the same joint, +1½-8 in. long. Axis wavy, triangular in section. Spikelets loosely +arranged, tassel-like. Lower floret of papery texture, transparent, +mottled with brown; upper with valve, produced into a fine bristle up to +⅛ in. long. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Gendua River). + + +872 =Eriochloa acrotricha= _Hack._ + +Tufted annual. Stems leafy, ½ to over 2 ft. long. Inflorescence a narrow +panicle 1½-4 in. long with a few, or up to 10, racemes widely spaced on +the same axis. Spikelets in 2 series, dorsally compressed; lower glume +rudimentary, forming with the base of the stalk a bead-like process, +oval pointed, with a fine bristle, up to ⅙ in. long. + +Nubia, Red Sea Prov. (Sinkat); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile +Prov. (J. Arashkol); Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra El Zeraf). + + +873 =Brachiaria dictyoneura= _Stapf._ + +Perennial 1½-3 ft. high, leaves narrow, sheathing the flower stalk. +Inflorescence consisting of 3-6 widely spaced spike-like racemes, having +the spikelets arranged on one side. Racemes dense, about 2 in. long; +spikelets largish, 1/5 in. long, oval, silkily hairy, often flushed with +purple, lower glume present, almost as long as the spikelet, 11-nerved. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan Prov. + + +=B. fulva= _Stapf._ + +Perennial up to 3 ft. high. Leaves narrow. Inflorescence of a similar +type to above, but racemes 4-12, closer spaced, 1¾ in. long, arched, +with reddish or yellowish hairs. Spikelets densely hairy, closely +arranged, about ⅛ in. long, oval. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur. Agada, Bongo land, Matia Addai); Mongalla +Prov. (Yei River). + + +=B. stigmatisata= _Stapf._ + +Annual, over 2 ft. high, ascending from a leafy base. Leaves broad, +narrowly oval with crisped spiny margins, from 1 to over 7 in. long by +¼-½ in. wide. Inflorescence of 1-3 spike-like racemes, widely spaced on +a common axis, ¾-2 in. long. Racemes dense, 1-2½ in. long; spikelets +closely arranged, 1/16 to 1/5 in. long, not hairy, prominently nerved, +pale yellowish. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=B. mutica= _Stapf._ + +Perennial grass 3-6 ft. high (occasionally 8 ft.). Leaves smooth, +narrow, hairy on the sheaths. Inflorescence 4-8 in. long, consisting of +numerous, sometimes paired racemes 1-3 in. long. Spikelets about ⅛ in. +long, almost touching, oval; stigmas blackish purple, very conspicuous. + +A valuable fodder grass. + +White Nile Prov. (Lat. 12° 10′ N.); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +=B. brizantha= _Stapf._ + +Perennial, coarse grass up to over 6 ft. high, leaves narrow, up to 15 +in. long. Inflorescence one-sided, consisting of 2-8 arching racemes, +widely set apart on a common axis, which is triangular in section. +Racemes usually long, up to 6 in., closely set with rather large (¼ in. +long) swollen spikelets. Lower glume small, conspicuously nerved, often +purple, clasping the spikelet. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam +country, Ibba River, Nganye and Bongo-Land, Gir and Kulongo); Mongalla +Prov. (Yei River). + + +=B. callopus= _Stapf._ + +Annual, over 2 ft. high, copiously rooting from the lower nodes. Leaves +sheathing the flowering stem, narrow, finely hairy inside. Inflorescence +erect, about 6 in. long, of 6-8 erect, one-sided, almost equally distant +racemes. Axis sharply triangular, racemes dense, 2-ranked, 2 in. long +(the lowest), to ⅔ in. long (the upper). Spikelets touching, elliptic, +acute, pale straw coloured, definitely stalked, stalk globose. + +Bahr El Ghazal Prov. (Bongo land: Gir). + + +=B. obtusiflora= _Stapf._ UM KHIRR—Arab; AJOAK—Dinka. + +Annual up to 6 ft. high, stems stout. Leaves narrow, generally smooth. +Inflorescence up to over 6 in. long, very loose, consisting of 5-8 +dense, spike-like racemes widely spaced on a common axis. Racemes 2-3 +in. long; spikelets stalked, ½ in. long, ellipsoid in shape, swollen, +pale yellow. + +A good fodder grass, the ripe seeds are edible. + +Red Sea Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (Khor Abu Habl, Wad El Ghall, 40 miles S. +of Abu Zabbad); Upper White Nile Prov. (Goz el Siada). + + +=B. regularis= _Stapf._ + +Annual, rarely over 1½ ft. high, stems leafy; leaves broad (up to ½ in.) +and up to 6 in. long, tapering to a fine point. Inflorescence a loose +panicle of 5 to many lax racemes, which are about 2-3 in. long. +Spikelets long stalked, loosely scattered, small, elliptic. + +Nubia (Shores of the Red Sea at Mirza Eleri, Lat. 22° 12′ N.L., Wadi +Dimehadit, between Suakin and Berber); Fung Prov. (Shellal); Kordofan +Prov. (Um Ruaba); Darfur Prov. (Suruj District and Kulme). + + +=B. glauca= _Stapf._ + +Perennial (?), 1 to almost 2 ft. high, densely tufted on a short +rhizome, pale green, stems slender. Leaves narrow, tapering. +Inflorescence 3-5 in. long, of 3-9 racemes, 1-1½ in. long at the base, +the upper shorter. Spikelets broad oblong, slightly swollen, about ⅛ in. +long, fairly closely set. + +Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Wadi Omareg, Sinkat). + + +=B. leersioides= _Stapf._ + +Annual, 1-2 ft. high, whole plant pale green, tufted, stems leafy, +leaves narrow, tapering. Inflorescence up to 6 in. long, very lax, +racemes 4-12, widely spaced, short (1½ in. long). Spikelets fairly +dense, on a wavy slightly hairy axis, about ⅛ in. long, rather narrow, +stalked. + +Nubia; Red Sea Prov. (Wadi Omareg, Sinkat). + + +=B. Isachne= _Stapf._ DEFERA, EL KURDA (Kordn)—Arab. + +Annual, 1-2 ft. high, loosely tufted, with fine fibrous roots and +slender spreading stems. The leaves are smooth, occasionally hairy, 1-2 +in. long, by ¼-⅓ in. broad. The inflorescence is an erect narrow +panicle, 2-3 in. long of 5-12 erect racemes, which are pressed to the +axis and are ½-1 in. long; the spikelets are small, 1/16 in. long, all +arranged on one side, and closely packed in two rows, pale green or +purplish in colour, with very short stalks, which are softly hairy; the +lower glume is reduced to a minute nerveless scale. + +A good fodder grass (not the common Defera, see No. 877). + +Widely distributed. + + +=B. epaleata= _Stapf._ + +Annual, up to 1½ ft. high. Leaves fairly broad, tapering to a point, 2-4 +in. by 1/6-5/12 in., margins crisped, cartilaginous. Panicle very loose, +2½-4 in. by 1-2 in., of 6-8 moderately distant racemes. Spikelets widely +set on racemes, which are 1½-3 in. long, stalks ⅛ in. long; lower glume +⅓ to ½ length of the spikelet, distinctly nerved. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat and Metamma). + + +=B. Kotschyana= _Stapf._ + +Annual, ½ to over 2 ft. high, stems rather stout and leafy; leaves broad +at the base and tapering to a point, 1-3 in. by 1/6-5/12 in., stiff and +somewhat succulent, margins cartilaginous, minutely spiny, markedly +crisped. Panicle up to over 6 in. long, loose, consisting to 6 to many +oblique, moderately distant racemes, the lowest ½ to over 3 in., the +upper gradually shortening. Spikelets in clusters, which are separated +by about their own length, lower glumes purple. + +Kordofan Prov. (J. Kōn); Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Mongalla +Prov. (Yei River). + + +=B. jubata= _Stapf._ + +Kordofan Prov. + + +874 =Paspalum auriculatum= _Presl._ + +Probably perennial grass up to over 1½ ft. high; leaves broad, rounded +at the base, tapering to a fine point, 6-8 in. by ⅓-1 in. Inflorescence +of 3 racemes, with sometimes a fourth from the base of the peduncle, 1-2 +in. long, axis winged at sides. Racemes 1½-3 in. long; spikelets +2-ranked crowded, ovate, ⅛ in. long, brown, smooth, conspicuously flat +on one side, which side is turned from the axis. Lower glume absent. + +Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam land; Tuhami’s Zariba). + + +=P. scrobiculatum= _Linn._ =var. Commersonii= _Stapf._ + +Perennial, 1 to over 2 ft. high. Leaves narrow, up to 9 in. by ⅓ in., +from an equally wide or slightly narrowed base. Inflorescence of mostly +2, less often 3 or 1, very rarely 4, spike-like racemes at the end of a +flattened common axis. Racemes hairy at the base, from 1-2 in. long. +Spikelets 2-ranked, mostly back to back, roundly ovate, dull brown in +colour, lower glume absent. + +A fodder grass, but reputed unwholesome at the time of ripening. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat Metamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr el +Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, Niamniam land); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +875 =Paspalidium desertorum= _Stapf._ + +Tufted perennial, springing from a hard, stout, brownish, creeping +rhizome; stems many jointed, often trailing, throwing up leafy branches +with swollen joints. Leaves smooth, grey-green in colour, and covered +with a waxy bloom, narrow from an equally wide base, tapering to a +point. Inflorescence from 1 to 6 in. long, of a varying number of short, +spike-like racemes pressed close to the axis, rather widely spaced +below, closer above. Racemes slender, 2 ranked; spikelets numerous, +ovate, acute, touching, about ⅛ in. long, sometimes tinged with purple, +falling at maturity. Lower glume developed. + +A desert grass. + +Red Sea Prov. (Wadi Omari, Wadi Yumga); Berber Prov. (Walad el Assal); +Kordofan Prov. + + +876 =Urochloa trichopus= _Stapf._ + +Annual, forming small tufts, 1-3 ft. high; leaves fairly broad, +sheathing at the base, tapering to an acute point, 2½-6 in. by ½-6 in., +pale, smooth with hairy margins, or sometimes hairy all over. +Inflorescence of 4-9 erect, often slightly bent, plump, one-sided +racemes. Racemes very dense, 2-ranked, up to 2½ in. long. Spikelets very +close, overlapping, broad ovate, over ⅙ in. long, pale green. Glumes +papery, hairy, lower glume developed. + +Very similar to _Brachiaria_, but distinguished by the arrangement of +the spikelets, and by the presence of a short fine point from the obtuse +apex of the fertile valve. + +Red Sea Prov. (Tokar); Kordofan Prov. (Abu Haraza, Katul Gambara). + + +=U. pullulans= _Stapf._ + +Perennial, from a short rhizome covered with thin yellowish scales, +stems erect, up to 3 ft. Leaves often hairy, rather broad in the well +developed specimens, base broad, clasping, tapering to a fine point. +Inflorescence of 5-10 (sometimes fewer), spikelike, one-sided racemes, +2-3½ in. long. Spikelets elliptic-oblong, often purplish, axis wavy. +Glumes membranous, the lower almost as long as the upper; the short +sharp point of the fertile valve conspicuous, not very hairy in Sudan +specimens. + +Red Sea Prov. (Suakin-Tokar road). + + +=U. Helopus= _Stapf._ + +Annual, tufted grass, 1-2 ft. high. Leaves pale, hairy, up to ½ in. wide +by up to 6 in. long. Lance-shaped. Inflorescence of 4-7, erect, rather +stiff, 2-ranked racemes, 1-2 in. long. Spikelets oval, sharply pointed, +strongly ribbed, rather swollen, lower glume less than ½ the length of +the spikelet. + +Dongola Prov. Nubian Desert. + + +=U. insculpta= _Stapf._ + +Annual, grass up to 4-5 ft. high, growing in scanty tufts. Leaves broad +and round at the base, long tapering to a slender point, up to 9 in. +long, and 1 in. wide, pale, very slightly, if at all, hairy along the +edges. Inflorescence borne on a slender stalk, brush-like, consisting of +many (sometimes reduced to 5 or 6), erect, crowded racemes, 1-3 in. +long. Spikelets up to ⅛ in. long (elliptic in shape, with a short strong +point), finely hairy. Lower glume ⅓ to ½ the length of the spikelet, +with 3-5 nerves. + +A good fodder grass. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Metamma); Fung Prov. (Disa); Bahr el Ghazal +Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=U. reptans= _Stapf._ + +Prostrate or creeping grass, throwing up stems from the rooting joints +of the long decumbent base, the erect stems up to 1½ in. high. Leaves +broad, lance-shaped, up to 2½ in. long and ¾ in. broad, rounded at the +base, acutely pointed at the tip. Inflorescence from 1-3 in. long, +consisting of a few up to 12 obliquely erect, slender one-sided racemes +about 1 in. long, which are fairly widely placed on the axis. Spikelets +small (1/12 in.), often purplish, elliptic (lower glume very small). A +good fodder grass. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post). + + +877 =Echinochloa colona= _Link._ DEFERA or DIFERA—Arab. + +Annual, growing in small spreading tufts. Leaves sometimes hairy, +narrow, often with dark purple cross bands. Inflorescence up to 5 in. +long, narrow, consisting of few to 6 widely spaced short branches. +Spikelets crowded, often purplish, ovate or elliptic, sharply pointed, +5-7-nerved, minutely hairy between the nerves. Grain 1/16 in. long, +broad elliptic in outline. + +One of the best fodder grasses. + +Widely distributed in Northern and Central Sudan, including Darfur. + + +=E. Crus Pavonis= _Schult._ KUZ—Nuer; KAM (or AKAM) (Bahr el +Jebel)—Dinka. + +Annual up to 5 ft. high, with copious plump root fibres. Stems erect, up +to ¼ in. thick, spongy below. Leaves 5-15 in. long, and up to 1¼ in. +wide, from a narrowed base, and tapering to a fine point. Inflorescence +erect, large (4-12 in. long), lance-shaped, rather feathery; lower +branches up to 4 in. long, dense. Spikelets nearly ⅛ in. long, narrow, +strongly ribbed, glumes shortly awned (⅛ in.) from the entire acute tip, +minutely hairy, purplish or dark in colour. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam land). + + +=E. pyramidalis= _Hitchcock_ and _Chase._ UM SUF—Arab; KUZ—Nuer; KAM (or +AKAM) (Bahr el Jebel)—Dinka. + +Perennial, reed-like grass up to 15 ft. high. Stems ascending from a +long thick abundantly rooting, often floating base. Leaves narrow, 1-2 +ft. long by ¼-1 in. broad, flat, narrow at the base, long tapering to a +point, the lower sheathing portion coarsely bearded. Inflorescence erect +or somewhat nodding, up to over 1 ft. long, rather narrow, dense, +branches numerous, 1-6 in. long. Spikelets ovate, up to ⅙ in. long, very +crowded, often coloured blackish purple, awnless, but strongly tipped. +Axis hairy with long silky hairs. + +One of the common plants of the Sudd region. A good fodder grass, the +grain is sometimes used for food. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, Niurnya, 6,500 ft.); +Kordofan Prov. (Birket Rahad); Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Bongo, Tonj, +Niamniam land); Upper Nile Prov. (Tonga); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River, +Bor, Mongalla); Bahr el Jebel (Lat. 7° 25 N. and 8° 30 N.). + + +=E. stagnina= _P. Beauv._ HELEW—Arab. + +Stout perennial grass, rising to 6 ft. from long creeping and copiously +rooting rhizomes; leaves narrow, long tapering to a fine point, up to 1½ +ft. long by 1 in. wide, very rough upwards. Inflorescence up to 10 in. +long, nodding, narrow and often open, branches dense. Spikelets up to ¼ +in. long, plump, tapering at both ends, awns up to 1 in. long (often +less). + +An excellent fodder. + +Red Sea Prov. (near Tokar); Blue Nile Prov. (Sherif); Upper White Nile +Prov. (Mouth of Sobat River); Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Shambe, Meshra El +Rek & Jur Ghattas). + + +878 =Acroceras amplectens= _Stapf._ + +Annual grass, 2-2½ ft. high, stems ascending from a prostrate and +rooting base, or sometimes floating in water. Lower portion of leaf, +i.e., leaf sheath, strongly developed, prominently striate. Leaf blades +narrow, from a broad clasping rounded base, tapering to a fine point, +3-6 in. long by ¼ to ½ in. at the base. Inflorescence very long and +slender, consisting of 4-6 long, slender, branches, widely spaced. +Spikelets large (¼ in.), narrow, stalked, distantly placed, pressed to +the axis, pale in colour, bluntly pointed. + +Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +879 =Oplismenus Burmannii= _P. Beauv._ + +Annual, up to 1½ ft. high, stems very slender, ascending from a long +prostrate rambling and rooting base. Leaf sheaths loose and very hairy, +blades hairy, lance-shaped, narrowed at the base and tapered to a fine +point, ¾-2 in. long by ⅙-½ in. wide. Inflorescence very narrow, 1-3 in. +long, consisting of 3-8 small branches ½ in. long. Spikelets crowded, +very hairy, glumes awned from the slightly notched tip, awn fine, about +½ in. long. + +Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Abu Gurun’s Zariba). + + +880 =Panicum Meyerianum= _Nees._ + +Perennial, about 3 ft. high; stems rigid, hairy at the joints. Leaf +sheaths long, clasping the stem, pale green or straw coloured, blades +narrow, lance-shaped, from a contracted base, 3-8 in. by ¼-½ in. +Inflorescence an open panicle 3-6 in. long, lower branches 2-3 in. long. +Spikelets rather crowded, ovate, ⅛ in. long, often tinged with purple, +pedicels very short. Glumes very different, lower minute, upper +membranous, faintly 5 nerved, fertile valve minutely pointed. + +Between Berber and Khartoum; Blue Nile Prov. (Dinder mouth); Fung Prov. +(Singa); Kordofan Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Bor). + + +=P. maximum= _Jacq._ + +Perennial, grass up to 10 ft. high, densely tufted. Stems stout, hairy +at the joints. Leaves often thinly covered with long fine hairs, narrow, +little contracted at the base. Inflorescence an erect or nodding open +panicle, from ½ to over 1½ ft. long, lower branches in a whorl, up to 1 +ft. long, flowering in the upper half. Spikelets widely set, stalked, up +to ⅙ in. long, shiny light green or tinged with purple. Lower glume ¼ to +⅓ length of spikelet, upper same size as spikelet. + +This grass is often called Guinea Grass, and is cultivated as a fodder +in various parts of the tropics. + +Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam land, Nabambisso River); Mongalla Prov. +(Yei River). + + +=P. trichocladum= _Hack._ + +Perennial, rambling or climbing up to 8 ft. Stems slender, many jointed, +branched, forming a dense mass, roots often found in swamps or standing +water. Leaf sheaths long, often breaking away from the stem, blades +spreading horizontally, lance-shaped from a very contracted base, 1½-6 +in. by ¼-½ in. Panicle very loose and rather scanty, 2-6 in. by 2-3 in., +branches slender, very wavy. Spikelets widely set, often long stalked, +up to ⅛ in. Lower glume very small. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +=P. carinifolium= _Stapf._ + +Perennial, 4-5 ft. high. Leaves long, narrow towards the base with +recurved margins and a much projecting midrib. Inflorescence fairly +dense, rather irregular, 4-5 in. by 1-2 in., branches very slender. +Spikelets rather swollen, very small, prominently ribbed. + +Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=P. fulgens= _Stapf._ + +Perennial, up to 2 ft. high, forming large tufts. Leaves very narrow, +2-5 in. by 1-12 to ⅛ in. Panicle erect, fairly loose and open, 2½-5 in. +by 1-1½ in. Spikelets smooth with a conspicuous bronze lustre, almost +globose, very small. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +=P. Dregeanum= _Nees._ + +Perennial, compactly tufted, with a coat of persistent leaf bases, 1-4 +ft. high. Leaves very narrow, up to 9 in. long by 1/12 to 1/5 in. wide, +tapering to a slender point. Panicle fairly dense, brush-like, 3-7 in. +by 1½-3 in. Spikelets about ⅛ in. long, purplish, more or less gaping. + +Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=P. aphanoneurum= _Stapf._ + +Perennial, densely tufted, 4-7 ft. high, stems stout, reed-like. Leaves +½ to 1½ ft. by ⅙-½ in., narrow from an equally wide base, tapering. +Panicle rather loose, ½ to over 1 ft. by 2-5 in., irregularly branched +at the base. Spikelets widely gaping; tinged with purple, upper glume +faintly 5-nerved. + +Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Bongo land, Dukutu, River Roah). + + +=P. callosum= _Hochst._ + +Annual, up to 3 ft. high, stems slender. Leaves narrow from an +attenuated base, up to over 1½ ft. by ¼-5/12 in., often finely hairy. +Panicles broom-like, open, loose and narrow, often over 1 ft. long. +Spikelets large, elliptic, ¼ in. long, on long fine stalks up to ¾ in. +long. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat Metamma). + + +=P. sociale= _Stapf._ + +A delicate annual, up to almost 1 ft. high, growing in dense stands, +finely hairy all over. Leaves erect, 1-1½ in. by ⅛-⅙ in., yellowish +green. Panicles 2-3 in. by 1½ in., widely open. Spikelets ⅛ in. long, +upper floret dark chestnut brown to black, finely polished, forming a +false fruit. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma). + + +=P. atrosanguineum= _Hochst._ + +A tufted annual grass from a few inches to over 1 ft. high, hairy all +over except the panicle. Leaves lance-shaped from a rounded base, 1-4 +in. by ⅙-⅓ in. Panicle very open and spreading, 3-6 in. by 1½-3 in. +Spikelets elliptic, minutely pointed, purple. + +Nubian Desert; Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +=P. haplocaulos= _Pilger._ + +Annual about 1 ft. high, growing in close stands. Stems very slender. +Leaves very narrow and pointed. Panicles reduced to a common axis and +1-3 widely spaced branches each bearing 1-4 spikelets. Spikelets 1/9 in. +long, striate. + +Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=P. turgidum= _Forsk._ TUMAM & ABU RUKBA—Arab; SHUSH—Hadendowa. + +Bushy grass up to 4 ft. high with stout roots and hard rigid stems, and +having secondary shoots springing from the joints. Leaves very variable +in size, tapering to a fine point, those supporting branches soon drying +and becoming straw coloured. Panicles variable in size, often scanty, +branches slender, spikelets about ⅙ in. long, ovoid, tapering; glumes +membranous, ribbed. + +Widely distributed in North and Central Sudan and Darfur. + + +=P. repens= _Linn._ + +Perennial up to 2 (rarely 4 ft.) high; rhizome long, creeping stem very +leafy, many jointed; leaves very narrow, sharply pointed, hairy at the +base, folded inwards. Panicle 3-8 in. long, loose; branches 2-6 in. +long. Spikelets 1/12-1/10 in. Said to be good fodder plant and also +useful as a sandbinder. + +Bahr el Jebel (Hillet el Nuer). + + +=P. porphyrrhizos= _Steud._ + +Perennial up to over 3 ft. high, densely tufted on a short rhizome. +Leaves narrow, long tapering to a hard slender point. Panicles large and +loose, slender, spikelets 1/10-1/6 in. long, with a long slender point, +green or often tinged with purple. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat Metamma); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli). + + +=P. coloratum= _Linn._ + +Tufted perennial grass up to 4 ft. high. Stems stout, often shortly +creeping at the base before ascending. Leaves 3-12 in. by ¼-½ in., +tapering. Panicle open, composed of long slender branches, bearing +scattered spikelets on slender pedicels. Spikelets small 1/12-1/8 in., +moderately gaping, green or tinged with purple. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post). + + +=P. hygrocharis= _Steud._ + +Annual tufted grass up to 2 ft. high. Stems slender, soft, bent at the +joints, leafy. Leaves narrow from a rounded base, shortly tapering to a +rather hard point. Panicles 3-5 in. long, rather loose and sometimes +spreading, branches fairly stout, up to 3 in. long, wavy. Spikelets +acutely pointed, tips cut off square, green, stalked. + +Found in dried up rain pools. + +Kordofan (Abu Gerad). + + +881 =Sacciolepis ciliocincta= _Stapf._ + +Annual, growing in colonies up to 1½ ft. high, stems very erect, spongy +in texture, about ⅙ in. diameter. Leaf blades stiff and erect, mostly +overtopping the inflorescence, linear from a narrowed base, tapering to +a hard point. Inflorescence erect, straight, rather cylindric, about 1 +in. long, very compact, bearded, attenuated downwards, branches fused +with the axis against which the pedicels are crowded; spikelets +laterally compressed, upper glume 7-nerved with a line of hairs along +each side of the keel and margins. + +Bahr el Ghazal (Jur Ghattas). + + +=S. micrococca= _Mez._ + +Annual, growing in tufts or clumps up to 2½ ft. high, stems very slender +from a stouter base, leaf blades very narrow, folded, almost bristle- +like, up to 6 in. long. Inflorescence long, narrow, cylindric, 2½-5 in. +long by 1/12-1/8 in. broad, dense. Spikelets crowded, swollen, 1/24 in. +long, olive green or brown, glumes nerved. + +Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=S. interrupta= _Stapf._ + +Perennial from a short, stout, creeping rhizome, up to 5 ft. high, stems +at the base copiously rooted from the nodes, sheathed all along. Leaves +narrow, tapering, up to 12 in. long by ¼-½ in. wide, flat, soft, +somewhat plump. Inflorescence at first sheathed by leaves, finally +protruding, from the few inches to over 1 ft. by ¼-⅓ in., dense. +Spikelets slightly compressed, not gaping, up to over ⅛ in., yellowish- +green, with darker or brownish tips. + +Upper White Nile (Tonga); Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Mongalla +Prov. (Yei River). + + +=S. typhura= _Stapf._ + +Perennial, tufted from a short rhizome, up to 3 ft. high. Stems erect, +slender, leaves narrow, 6-12 in. by 1/8-5/12 in. Inflorescence erect, +5-10 in. by ¼ in., very dense. Spikelets more or less hairy, very dark +in colour. + +Bahr el Ghazal. (Jur Agada). + + +882 =Setaria verticillata= _P. Beauv._ LUSEIG—Arab. + +Annual grass with erect leafy stems, more or less branched and varying +in height from 1-5 ft. Leaves are thin, flat, sparsely hairy, base +usually narrowed, tapering to a fine point, 4-10 in. long and ¼-¾ in. +broad. The inflorescence is cylindric, coarsely bristly, spikelets +having more than one bristle, the barbs of which are reversed making +inflorescence rough upwards. + +Red Sea Prov. (Tokar); Berber Prov.; Fung Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Zalingei +3,100 ft.). + + +=S. ambigua= _Stapf._ + +Annual grass 1-2 ft. high, with rather weak jointed stem. Leaves long +and narrow, 12 in. by ⅓ in., base narrowed. The inflorescence is +cylindric, but is interrupted, forming two or more lobes. The spikelets +are greenish with 3 or more short bristles which are smooth to the feel +upwards, i.e., barbs erect. Grain tightly enclosed in hardened glume, +about 1/6 in. long. + +Khartoum Prov. + + +=S. viridis= _P. Beauv._ + +Annual grass 1-2 ft. high with slender leafy stems. Leaves very finely +pointed from a rounded base, up to 4 in. long by ⅓ in. Inflorescence +cylindric, up to 2 in. long, not lobed, bristles spreading, 3 or more to +a spikelet, with erect barbs, spikelets greenish, grain elliptic, 1/12 +in. long. + +Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. + + +=S. rubiginosa= _Miq._ + +Annual grass of variable character, up to 2 ft. high. Leaves narrow, +finely pointed, rounded at the base. Inflorescence dense, cylindric, +narrow, yellow. Bristles more than one to spikelet, smooth to touch +upwards. Grain large, up to ⅛ in., rather swollen. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Kordofan +Prov. (Khor Abu Habl); White Nile Prov. (Meshra el Zeraf); Bahr el +Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla). + + +=S. lasiothyrsa= _Stapf._ + +Annual grass up to 2 ft. high with slender erect stems; coarsely hairy +all over. Leaves long and narrow, up to 1 ft. by ⅓ in. Inflorescence up +to 12 in. long, loose, with many fine, hairy branches up to 2½ in. long. +Spikelets with one bristle, glumes flushed with purple and yellow. + +Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Bongo land, Mashir Hills). + + +=S. anceps= _Stapf._ =var. sericea.= + +Perennial up to 3 ft. high, densely tufted on a short rhizome. Basal +leaves overlapping and arranged fan-like, upper leaves narrow, up to 6 +in. long and ¼ in. wide, tapering, tightly folded. Inflorescence a +continuous and very dense cylindrical false spike (somewhat resembling a +bottle brush) 4-10 in. long. Bristles more than one at the base of the +spikelet, fine, silky, bright yellow in colour. Spikelets clustered 1/12 +in. long. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=S. aurea= _A. Braun._ SANGALA (N. Kordn); DANAB EL KELB (M. el Zeraf); +HALFA (Fung and Kordn)—Arab; ALLOK (M. el Zeraf)—Dinka. + +Strong-growing erect grass about 3 ft. high, with slender stems from a +short rhizome which is covered with the remains of old scales and +sheaths. Leaves long, narrow, tapering ½-1½ in. by ⅛-⅓ in., usually +flat. Inflorescence erect, straight, up to 1 ft. long. Bristles more +than one at the base of each spikelet, and exceeding spikelet by 1/12 +in., yellowish to bright orange or reddish in colour. Spikelets +clustered, ⅛ in. long. A good fodder grass. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Mittu-land Kaffuluku); +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +=S. Schweinfurthii= _Herrm._ + +Perennial, stems stiffly erect, up to 4 ft. high; leaves very narrow +from a narrowed base, up to over 2 ft. by ¼ in., tapering to a long +bristle-like point, densely hairy at the base with white hairs. +Inflorescence an erect, very dense continuous cylindrical false spike +5-6 in. by ¼ in. inclusive of the bristles. Bristles more than one (up +to 12) to the spikelet, reddish yellow. Spikelets solitary, or rarely a +cluster of 2. + +Bahr el Ghazal (Jur Ghattas). + + +=S. lancea= _Stapf._ + +Leafy annual up to 2 ft. high, stems slender, rather weak and flattened. +Leaves tapering at both ends, 5-10 in. by ½-1 in. (at broadest part), +thin, flat, plaited downwards fan-fashion. Inflorescence loose, panicle- +like, 4-6 in. long, axis hairy. Spikelets with one slender bristle at +base, elliptic, about ⅛ in. long. + +Mongalla Prov. (Mongalla). + + +=S. sp. (sp. nov.?).= + +Stout annual grass about 3 ft. high, stems slender, erect, tapering both +ways, folded into ridges downwards, up to 12 in. long by ½ in. wide. +Inflorescence open, panicle-like, up to 10 in. long, branches not hairy. +Spikelets with one slender bristle from the base, both ultimately +purplish or dark in colour, or at least flushed with purple. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +=S. sulcata= _Raddi._ + +A coarse perennial from 4-12 ft. high with stout stems. Leaves large, +tapering at both ends, plaited downwards fan-wise, up to 2 ft. by 1½-2 +in., hairy. Inflorescence a rather dense panicle up to 12 in. long, +branches fine, up to 3 in. long, with rough margins. Spikelets with a +single bristle at the base, about ⅛ in. long. + +A good fodder grass. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River); Bahr el Ghazal +Prov. (near Gumango Hill and Boddo River). + + +883 =Tricholæna rosea= _Nees._ + +Perennial or annual grass, stems loosely tufted, bent at the joints, up +to 1½ ft. high. Leaves narrow, 2-8 in. by 1/12-⅓ in. long, tapering to a +very fine point, sometimes tinged with red. Inflorescence a loose +panicle 3-6 in. long, spikelets in tufts surrounded by fine, long, silky +hairs without tubercles at the base, the whole often very pinkish in +colour, upper glume frequently shortly awned, and swollen at or below +the middle. + +A good fodder grass. + +Red Sea Prov. (Tokar and Erkowit); Nubia (Between Korosko and Berber); +Fung Prov. (Abdin); Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam land). + + +=T. sphacelata= _Benth._ + +Perennial grass up to 3 ft. high, stems creeping at the base, and +rooting from the nodes. Leaves rather scanty, long, tapering to a very +fine tip. Inflorescence a loose panicle up to 6 in. long (larger than +_T. rosea_). Spikelets (more swollen at the base than _T. rosea_) and +surrounded by long white or pink, silky hairs, those on the outer glumes +being tubercular at the base. + +A good fodder grass. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +=T. leucantha= _Hochst._ + +Perennial grass up to 2 ft. high, stems wiry, sometimes branched from +the base. Panicle up to 4 in. long, loose and somewhat scaly, often +narrow. Spikelets narrow, not basally swollen, lanceolate, generally +whitish, hairs long, white, silky, not tubercular at the base. + +Red Sea Prov. (Lat. 21° N.). + + +=T. micrantha= _Schrad._ + +Tufted perennial with wiry stems, up to 2 ft. high. Panicle narrow, up +to 3 in. long. Spikelets less hairy than above species, hairs tubercular +at the base, outer glumes broader than _T. leucantha_, generally white +in colour. + +Red Sea Prov. (South of Tokar). + + +884 =Melinis minutiflora= _P. Beauv._ + +Perennial grass up to 3 ft. high, ascending from a prostrate, slender, +much branched base. The whole plant is finely hairy with glandular +hairs. Leaves 2-6 in. long by 1/5 to ⅓ in. broad, fine tapering. Panicle +4-8 in. long, narrow, axis and branches very slender, branchlets and +stalks of spikelets hair-like. Spikelets 1/12 in. long, purplish, awn +fine, ½ in. long. + +Recommended as an excellent fodder grass. The glandular hairs secrete an +oil which smells rather like Cummin; this is said to be repellant to the +tse-tse fly. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River District). + + +885 =Anthephora elegans= _Schrad._ + +Perennial or annual grass up to 4 ft. high, stems erect, stout, striate. +Leaves very narrow, long tapering; ligule prominent, scale-like. +Inflorescence a long, narrow, cylindrical spike. Clusters of spikelets +spiny with outer glumes hardened and scale-like, pressed against central +axis. Spikelets smooth, pale green or yellow. + +A useful fodder grass. + +Darfur Prov. (Kulme). + + +=A. Hochstetteri= _Nees._ + +Perennial, similar in habit to above. Rhizome very short. Spike dark +coloured, glumes narrower, tailed and hairy. + +Nubia (between Korosko and Berber); Fung Prov. (opposite Zamarka). + + +886 =Pennisetum polystachyum= _Schult._ + +Erect, handsome, annual grass about 2 ft. tall. Spikes up to 6 in. long, +cylindrical, continuous, with bristles up to 1½ in. in diameter, +purplish-brown in colour. Anther tips not bearded, bristles slender, all +free to the base, the inner copiously hairy. + +A good fodder grass. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +=P. near P. polystachyum= _Schultes._ + +Similar to above, spikes smaller, more compressed. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Darfur Prov. (J. Marra, (9,000 ft.). + + +=P. pedicellatum= _Trin._ + +Erect, handsome, annual grass about 2½ ft. high; spikes 2-5 in. long, +cylindrical, more or less interrupted, the spikelets being in small +clusters. Bristles copious, fine, densely hairy. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); White Nile Prov. (Jebel Arashkol); +Kordofan Prov. (Obeid to Mulbes); Darfur Prov.; Mongalla Prov. (Bari +country). + + +=P. cf. P. pedicellatum= _Trin._ + +Similar to above, spikelets densely hairy, clusters large. + +Darfur Prov. (Zalingei). + + +=P. Schweinfurthii= _Pilger._ + +Erect grass with stout stems and strongly ribbed leaves about 1 in. +broad, long tapering to a fine point. Inflorescence at first enclosed in +a sheath, finally up to 6 in. long, interrupted. Spikelets in clusters +of 3-12, glumes hard, chaffy, with blunt ends. Bristles few, rough. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post). + + +=P. pentastachyum= _Hochst._ + +Tall annual grass with stout stems up to 4-5 ft. high. Spike +cylindrical, up to 6 in. long (variable). Bristles feathery, not much +exceeding the spikelets, which are long stalked. + +Kordofan Prov. + + +=P. orientale= _Rich._ + +Perennial 2-6 ft. high, erect or ascending from a densely tufted, often +stout, creeping rootstock. Spike 5-16 in. long, more or less lax. +Bristles much longer than the spikelet, fine, feathery, purplish. +Spikelets sessile or shortly stalked. + +Red Sea Prov. (Lat. 21° N.). + + +=P. unisetum= _Benth._ MUGHREIB (Fung)—Arab. + +Perennial, 3-12 ft. high, branched particularly from the upper joints, +leaf sheaths conspicuously long. Inflorescence very loose and feathery. +Racemes numerous, ½-2 in. long, on very slender stalks. Spikelets +single, overlapping, one bristle at the base of each, rough, not +feathery. + +Blue Nile Prov.; Fung Prov. (Roseires, J. Moya and Jongol’s Post); +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Red Sea Prov. (Tokar); White Nile +Prov. (J. Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (J. Marra 9,200 ft.); +Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=P. ovale= _Rupr._ GASH EL NAL—Arab. + +Perennial about 2 ft. high, erect from a stoutish rootstock, lower stem +deeply channelled. Spike resembling a bottle brush, up to 4 in. long, +bristles stout, rough, up to 1 in. long, several to a spikelet. +Spikelets single on axis. Glume 5- or more nerved. + +Red Sea Prov. (Suakin and Tokar); Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); White Nile Prov. (Hillet Abbas); Upper White +Nile Prov. (Kodok); Bahr el Jebel (Bari land). + + +=P. purpureum= _Schum._ + +Tall perennial grass up to 20 ft. high, spreading by creeping +underground stems; spikelets arranged round a densely hairy central axis +forming a compact, erect, bristly cylindrical spike which becomes bent +at maturity; spike up to 1 ft. long. Anther tips minutely hairy. + +This grass is known as Elephant Grass or Napier’s Fodder. It is +occasionally cultivated for fodder. It is also used for building and +fencing. + +Mongalla Prov. (near Yei River); Bahr el Jebel (Madi). + + +=P. typhoideum= _Rich._ DUKHN—Arab. + +Annual up to 6 ft. high, stems erect, stout. Inflorescence a cylindrical +dense spike up to 8 in. long, purplish. Grain when ripe, nearly round, +yellow. + +Cultivated as a food crop in most parts of the country. It is commonly +known as Bulrush Millet. + + +=P. mollissimum= _Hochst._ GUNGARA (Fung), EL LUINDA (Kord)—Arab. + +Annual grass up to 3 ft. high, often branched above. Leaf sheaths very +hairy. Inflorescence cylindrical, up to 4 in. long, often purplish, very +dense. Bristles silky, feathery, very numerous. Axis densely hairy. + +Blue Nile Prov.; White Nile Prov. (El Dueim); Kordofan Prov. (Takari). + + +=P. cenchroides= _Rich._ HESKANIT, & DANAB EL KELB—Arab; WIGAR (?)—Nuer. + +Perennial grass, stems often bending upwards from a prostrate base, up +to 2 ft. long. Inflorescence dense, cylindrical, 1-4 in. long, often +purplish. Bristles copious, stiffer than preceding with the bases +thickened into a disc. Anther tip free from hairs. + +Note.—Differs from true Heskanit (see 887) in that the spines are not +rigid. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit and Tokar); Berber Prov. (Wadi el Arab & Kokreb); +Khartoum Prov. (Jebel Royan); Blue Nile Prov. (Sheikh Talha); Fung Prov. +(Bunzaga); White Nile Prov. (Jebel Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Darfur +Prov. + + +887 =Cenchrus catharticus= _Del._ HESKANIT & KOREIB—Arab. + +Annual, variable in height (up to 2 ft.). Inflorescence cylindrical, up +to 4 in. long. Spikelets surrounded by bristles which are hardened into +rigid spines and united at the base to form a cup. Spines at the base +widely spreading. + +Widely distributed in Northern and Central Sudan. + + +=C. biflorus= _Roxb._ ARDIAKH—Rashida, KUREIT—Hadendowa. + +Annual grass similar to above but smaller, basal spines not spreading. + +Red Sea Prov. (Tokar); Between Suakin and Berber (Wadi el Omari, Jebel +Okurr and Wadi Laemab); Blue Nile Prov. (Wadi el Haddad). + + +=C. macrostachys= _Hochst._ + +Similar in habit to above but much larger. Spines long, fine, flexuous, +sometimes dark purple, united into a hard cup at the base. + +Red Sea Prov. (Tokar); Between Suakin and Berber (Wadi Eremit); Kordofan +Prov. (Abu Gerad). + + +888 =Trichopteryx gigantea= _Stapf._ + +Tall perennial grass 5-12 ft. high, stems stout, rough to the touch; +leaves long, narrow, ½-1 ft. long by ½-¾ in. broad, strongly ribbed. +Inflorescence very narrow and loose, ½-1 ft. long. Spikelets brown, +narrow, up to 1½ in. long; glumes hard and pointed, single on distinct +stalks. + +Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Bongo, Dukutu by the Roah River). + + +=T. flammida= _Benth._ + +Tall perennial, strongly growing grass, up to over 8 ft. high. +Inflorescence up to over 1 ft. long by 4 in. wide, brush-like, dense. +Spikelets up to ⅓ in. long, narrow, yellow, with a fine awn up to 1 in. +long, single on distinct stalks. + +Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Jur, Jur Ghattas, Geneina and Kutshuk Ali); +Mongalla Prov. (Kagulu swamp). + + +=T. annua= _Stapf._ + +Annual grass up to 2 ft. high. Leaves narrow, 2½-4 in. long. +Inflorescence a loose, erect, panicle. Spikelets nearly ¾ in. long +occurring singly on long stalks, yellow. Glumes covered with black +glands, from which spring fine, silky, white hairs, awns 1-1¾ in. long, +fine. + +Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +889 =Tristachya barbata= _Nees._ MASHAB—Hadendowa. + +Perennial grass 6-18 in., woody and tufted at the root. Leaves greyish- +green. Inflorescence somewhat resembling the oat. Spikelets in clusters +of 3, up to ½ in. long; glumes narrow and pointed, sometimes purple at +the base. Awn about 1 in., with a blackened swollen joint below the +centre. + +Red Sea Prov. (Jebel Soturba, Lat. 22° N.); Between Suakin and Berber +(Wadi Laemab and Wadi Derumkad). + + +890 =Avena sp.= + +A species of oats. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit). + + +891 =Danthonia Forskalei= _Trin._ + +Woody, grey-green, desert grass up to 1 ft. high. Leaves up to 2 in. +long. Inflorescence up to 6 in. long (generally less), moderately dense, +narrow. Spikelets under ½ in. long, narrow, pointed, chaffy. + +Kordofan Prov. + + +=D. sp. nov.= + +Darfur Prov. (Jebel Marra; Abwo waterfall 8,200 ft.). + + +892 =Phragmites communis= _Trin._ BUS, BUZZ’AM (N. Kordn)—Arab; RUR, +ARUR (Bahr el Jebel)—Dinka; KURR and KWIR—Nuer; NGANZIDUPER and +POPUKI—Zande. + +Tall perennial grass, erect, 4-12 ft. high or taller, many jointed. +Inflorescence large, tassel-like, brownish, branches of panicle very +membranous, fine. Spikelets ½-¾ in. long, with fine white silky hairs, +glumes narrow, pointed. + +One of the commonest species of the “Sudd” region. The stems are used +for building huts, and also for making arrow shafts and pipe stems by +the Shilluks. + +Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov (North); White Nile Prov.; Bahr el Ghazal +Prov.; Bahr el Jebel. + + +893 =Heleochloa schoenoides= _Host._ GOGHEIB or GUGHEIB (Kordn)—Arab. + +Small prostrate annual grass with wiry jointed stems. Leaves few, 1-2 +in. long, narrow, pointed. Inflorescences small, compact, grouped at the +end of the stems, surrounded by the cup-like leaf sheaths. + +Nubia (Banks of the Nile); Berber Prov. (Kalli near Shendi); Blue Nile +Prov. (Sennar); Kordofan Prov. (Debak and Sagia). + + +894 =Polypogon monspeliensis= _Desf._ + +Annual grass up to 2 ft. high, generally less. Leaves mostly from the +base forming a dense tuft. Inflorescence a dense, cylindrical, spike- +like panicle composed of short branches crowded on the main axis. +Spikelets crowded on branches with a fine bristle-like awn. + +Dongola Prov. (Banks of the Nile). + + +895 =Aristida Cummingiana= _Nees._ + +Small annual grass up to 1 ft. high, stems thin and wiry. Leaves scaly, +almost thread-like. Panicle loose, spikelets single on long, very fine +branches, yellow or purplish, about 1/12 in. long. Awns 3, divided from +the foot, not jointed to glume, smooth, persistent. + +Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=A. Adscensionis= _Linn._ HEMRA—Arab. + +Annual (generally), stems thin, wiry, growing in tussocks, from a few +inches to 2 ft. high. Leaves very narrow, rolled, thread-like. Panicle +narrow, fairly dense, interrupted. Spikelets crowded on short branches. +Awn divided into three from the foot, divisions long, column short, +smooth, persistent, not jointed to glume. + +One of the common grasses of the plains, largely collected for stock +food. + +Widely distributed over the whole of Northern and Central Sudan, +including Darfur. + + +=A. steudeliana= _Trin._ and _Rupr._ DANABAYA, DEIL EL FAR—Arab; +SIMILUL—Rashida; HUNSIG—Hadendowa. + +Annual grass about 1 ft. high, fairly leafy. Leaves ⅛ in. broad, flat, +greyish. Inflorescence up to 4 in. long, very dense like a fox tail. +Awns not jointed to glume, long (2 in.) and fine. Widely distributed in +Northern and Central regions, and also in Upper White Nile Prov. and +Bahr el Jebel (Bari country). + + +=A. mutabilis= _Trin_ and _Rupr._ GAU UMSHARA (N. Kordn.), DUNBALAB (S. +Kordn)—Arab; TUMFAR—Hadendowa. + +Annual grass like _A. Adscensionis_, but growing more thinly. Panicle +very narrow, loose, branches long and fine. Spikelets shortly stalked, +collected into bunches. Awn not jointed to glume, smooth, persistent, +column long, branches comparatively short. + +Nubian Desert; Berber Prov. (Wad Ben Naga); Kordofan Prov. + + +=A. Sieberiana= _Trin._ SUMEIMA (N. Kordn)—Arab. + +Perennial, ½-3 ft. high, wiry. Leaves greyish rolled or twisted, narrow +(1/12 in.). Panicle narrow, rarely open, spikelets comparatively few on +slender short branches. Awns very long and fine, jointed at the junction +with the glume from which they ultimately break off, smooth. + +Kordofan Prov. Widely distributed. + + +=A. stipoides= _Lam._ AGEIG, EGEIG (N. Kordn), UM SUBEIBA (Fung) Arab. + +Perennial, tufted grass, over 4 ft. high, stems stout. Leaf sheaths +often with a flake of woolly hairs at the base. Leaves up to 2 ft. long. +Panicle large (1 ft.), very open, nodding, with long fine branches +bearing solitary spikelets. Awns similar to _A. Sieberiana_. + +White Nile Prov. (Jebel Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (Obeid, and between Um +Ruaba and Eilafun). + + +=A. funiculata= _Trin._ and _Rupr._ GAU, HEMRA, UM ASLEILA, NUSSA and +ABU HAREIB (Kordn)—Arab; EILAB—Rashida; WAEILA—Hadendowa. + +Annual, growing in tussocks, stems slender, wiry, 10-18 in. high. +Panicle very narrow, lax, branches short, spikelets few. Awns very long, +jointed at the glume, ultimately breaking at the junction, smooth. + +Red Sea Prov. (Port Sudan); Between Suakin and Berber (Wadi Eremit); +Kassala Prov. (Um Adam, Gallabat, Gendua River); Atbara River; Khartoum +Prov.; Kordofan Prov. + + +=A. ciliata= _Desf._ + +Perennial grass growing in low compact tufts, from which wiry slender +stems arise 1-2 ft. high. Leaves basal, wire-like, greyish, from 1-4 in. +long. Inflorescence narrow, 4-6 in. long, rarely larger. Spikelets +shortly stalked, up to ½ in. long, narrow, 3-nerved. Awns very long and +slender, one branch conspicuously feathery, breaking from the glume. + +Red Sea Prov. (Soturba Mts.: Wadi Hebera); between Suakin and Berber +(Wadi Omari). + + +=A. hirtigluma= _Steud._ AGEIG EL BAGGAR—Arab. + +Slender perennial arising from a basal tuft of wiry leaves, 1-2 ft. +high. Inflorescence slender, up to 6 in. long. Spikelets ⅓ in. long on +short fine stalks. Glumes hairy. Awns hairy, column as well as the long +middle branch. + +Red Sea Prov. (Sinkat and Khor Tamanib); Darfur Prov. (Kulme). + + +=A. papposa= _Trin._ and _Rupr._ + +Annual, growing in small scanty tufts up to 2 ft. high. Leaves not all +basal, wiry. Inflorescence narrow, lax; spikelets narrow, pointed, ⅓ in. +long. Awn long, with a tuft of fine silky hairs at the junction of the +column and the branches. One branch long and feathery at the tip. + +Khartoum Prov.; Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Prairies 20-80 miles N.E. +of El Fasher). + + +=A. plumosa= _Linn._ SIMEIMA (or SUMEIMA), GABBAH (Kordn), BAYAD (N. +Kordn), ANNAS (W. Dongola)—Arab. + +Perennial, similar in habit to _A. papposa_, but generally denser in +growth and shorter. Awn with middle branch 2-3 in. long, feathery above, +smooth below. + +Red Sea Prov. (Lat. 21° N.); Between Halfa and Dongola Prov.; Berber +Prov. (Abu Hamed). + + +=A. acutiflora= _Trin._ + +Perennial grass up to 2 ft. high with thin, wiry, hairy stems. Leaves +also wiry, drying light brown, often in tufts on the stem. Inflorescence +up to 4 in. long, very narrow, lax, with very narrow, acute pointed +spikelets. Awn feathery. + +Between Suakin and Berber; Kordofan Prov. (Hassania). + + +896 =Tragus racemosus= _All._ + +Annual grass growing in tufts, from a few inches to 1 ft. high. Stems +many-jointed and bent, leafy. Panicle 1-4 in. long, slender, moderately +dense. Spikelets about ⅛-⅙ in. long, narrow, and pointed, with rows of +strong hooked spines along the five prominent ribs. + +Red Sea Prov. (Lat. 21° N.); Blue Nile Prov. (general); Kordofan Prov. +(Um Marba and Abu Garad). + + +=T. paucispina= _Hack._ MASABIGH (Khartoum Prov.)—Arab. + +Small tufted desert grass up to 8 in. high (generally much less). Stems +leafy. Leaf blades short (about 1 in.). Inflorescence generally not so +dense as _T. racemosus_ and the spines finer and straighter. + +Between Suakim and Berber (Wadi Sarrawib and Khor Kokreb); Khartoum +Prov. (Soba). + + +897 =Latipes senegalensis= _Kunth._ + +A perennial grass, growing in tufts with thin wiry leafy stems up to 10 +in. high. Leaves very narrow, inrolled. Inflorescence 2-6 in. long, very +loose, narrow, with a conspicuously wavy axis. Spikelets dark coloured +on wide spaced, wavy, flattened stalks, two to a stalk. The lowest +partly enclosed in a long leaf sheath. Glumes covered below with thick +fleshy spines drawn to a fine point in upper half with the edges thickly +fringed with fine spines. + +Red Sea Prov. (Sinkat and Lat. 21° N.). Kordofan Prov. (Bareis and +Shitangul). + + +898 =Perotis latifolia= _Ait._ + +Annual or subperennial grass, tufted and leafy at the base, stems bent, +from a few inches to 1½ ft. long. Leaves lance-shaped, up to 3 in. by ⅓ +in. wavy, with rigid hairs along the edge. Spike slender, 3-8 in. long, +often purplish, rather dense. Spikelets about 1/12 in. long with a long +soft awn which gives the resemblance of a dog’s tail to the +inflorescence. + +Bahr el Ghazal (Mittu land); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +899 =Sporobolus= near =S. minutiflorus= _Link._ TENTIT (Meshra el +Zeraf)—Arab. + +Annual grass 1½-3 ft. high, with tufted slender stems. Leaves 6-9 in. +long, narrow and fine pointed. Panicle large (12-18 in.), open, branches +very fine and numerous. Spikelets on the end of very fine branchlets, +dark, about 1/30 in. long. + +White Nile Prov.; Upper Nile Prov. (Meshra el Zeraf); Mongalla Prov. +(Bor.). + + +=S. festivus= _Hochst._ DEFERA-MELAIHA—Arab. + +Perennial, compactly tufted grass ½-1 ft. long; leaves mostly basal, +thin and wiry, the sheaths persisting and forming dense tufts at the +base. Panicles 2-6 in. broad, oval in outline, very loose and spreading, +erect. Spikelets small, 1/25 in. long, solitary on very slender +pedicels. + +Northern Sudan; Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s +Post); Kordofan (Khor Abu Habl); Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam land). + +=var. fibrosus= _Stapf._ + +Similar in habit to above but with fibrous tufts of leaf sheaths at the +base. The stems are somewhat longer, also the panicle larger but the +spikelets are smaller. + +Darfur Prov. (Kulme). + +=var. stuppeus= _Stapf._ + +Resembling type, but with the basal inner fibrous leaf sheaths covered +with pallid, tow-like hairs. The panicle is less spreading, and the +spikelets larger (1/16 in.) than _S. festivus_. + +Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, Jur: Kutshuk Ali). + + +=S. spicatus= _Kunth._ + +Perennial grass with rigid, jointed stems, ½-1½ ft. high, growing in +small tufts on long runners. Leaves mostly basal, rigid, wiry, awl-like. +Panicle very narrow, cylindric, 2-3 in. long. Spikelets not stalked, +glossy. + +Red Sea Prov. (Tokar, Dongonab, Soturba at Merza Gubetur. Lat. 21° N.); +Bahr el Jebel (Hillet el Nuer). + + +=S. pyramidalis= _P. Beauv._ + +Large grass, often robust, 3-6 ft. high. Leaves long, narrow, strongly +ribbed. Panicle ½-1¼ ft. long by 1-2 in. wide, branches fine, ⅓ in. +long, not spreading much. Spikelets small (about 1/20 in), very short +stalked, crowded on the branches. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Banks of +the Nile; Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas, Bongo, Gurfala; Niamniam +land); Bahr el Jebel (Hillet el Nuer and Bari). + + +=S. scabriflorus= _Stapf._ + +Annual, 6-18 in. high, frequently having flowering branches springing +from a leaf sheath about the middle of the stem. Leaves 1-2 in. long by +⅓ in. broad, lance-shaped, with short coarse bristles along the edges. +Panicle up to 4 in. long by 1½ in. wide, lax, open, branches in whorls. +Spikelets 1/20-1/9 in. long, slightly hairy, stamens 2, seeds black. + +Bahr el Ghazal (Jur Ghattas). + + +=S. humifusus= _Kunth._ =var. cordofanus= _Stapf._ + +Annual, tufted, grass up to 1 ft. high, with many fine, jointed, bent +stems rising from a common base. Leaves lance-shaped, about 1 in. long, +bordered with fine white bristles. Panicle 1½ in. by 1 in., fairly +compact. Branches fine, about 1 in. long, spreading. Spikelets up to +1/12 in. long, stamens 3. + +Khartoum Prov.; White Nile Prov. (Geteina); Kordofan Prov. (Abu Garad). + + +=S. Schweinfurthii= _Stapf._ + +Tall perennial grass. Stems erect, stout. Leaves long, narrow, with fine +white hairs. Panicle 1 ft. by 1½-2½ in., branches fine, up to 2 in. +long, not spreading much. Spikelets on short stalks, grain blackish. + +Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam land, Ibba River near Nganye). + + +=S. robustus= _Kunth._ + +Tall, perennial, strong growing grass, stems 3-8 ft. long, from an often +prostrate and rooting base. Leaves long and narrow, ½-1 ft. by ⅛-¼ in., +with weak white hairs. Panicle long and narrow with branches interrupted +from the base. Spikelets up to 1/10 in. long. + +Red Sea Prov. (Lat. 21° N., Khor Tamaneb, Tokar); Between Suakin and +Berber (Khor Haraza); Darfur Prov. + + +=S. glaucifolius= _Hochst._ AKRASH (Meshra el Zeraf) & LUH or LUKH +(Kordn)—Arab; ERKA—Rashida; EINWI—Hadendowa. + +Perennial, densely tufted grass, grey green in colour and covered with a +waxy bloom. Stems 12-18 in. long, many jointed, woody and bent below. +Leaves mostly short and narrow. Panicle narrow, interrupted, 3-5 in. +long, very pale. Spikelets very shortly stalked, up to 1/14 in. long. + +A good fodder grass. + +Northern Sudan and Red Sea District; Blue Nile Prov.; Kordofan Prov. +(Katul Gombara, Safra, Khor Abu Habl); Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra el +Zeraf). + + +900 =Desmostachya cynosuroides= _Stapf._ HALFA—Arab. + +Tall, coarse, perennial grass growing in clumps up to 3½ ft. high, +branched from the base, branches covered with leathery sheaths. Leaves +very long, rigid, tips fine pointed. Panicle 6-18 in. by about 1 in. +erect, spikelets crowded on short branches. + +The leaves are used for making coarse ropes. + +Widely distributed in Northern Sudan along river banks and in Khors; +Kassala Prov. + + +901 =Eragrostis pilosa= _P. Beauv._ NUA—Dinka; AROA—Shilluk. + +Annual grass growing in tufts, very variable in height (3 in. to 3 ft.), +stems slender, shiny. Leaves few, short and narrow. Panicle very +variable in size, very delicate, flexuous, loose. Branches long and +fine, spikelets on fine branchlets, 5-11 flowered, up to 1/5 in. long, +very narrow. + +Widely distributed throughout the Sudan. + + +=E. cf. E. pilosa= _Beauv._ + +Similar to _E. pilosa_, but larger generally and more leafy. (Panicle up +to 1 ft.). + +Red Sea Prov. (Tokar, south of delta). + + +=E. cf. E. ægyptiaca= _Del._ + +Annual growing in low tufts. Sudan specimen much reduced; structurally +similar to _E. pilosa_ but spikelets not stalked. 15-20 flowered. + +White Nile Prov. (Geteina). + + +=E. tenuifolia= _Hochst._ + +Perennial grass with slender stems 1½-3 ft. high, leaves very narrow, +needle-like, often long. Panicle 3-6 in., very open. Spikelets on long, +fine stalks, ⅓ in. by ⅙ in., glumes long pointed, giving a saw-edge +effect. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River, in cultivation). + + +=E. chalcantha= _Trin._ + +Perennial, densely tufted grass, stems slender, ½-1 ft. long, 1-jointed, +upper joint ¾ length of stem. Leaves mostly basal, narrow, fine +tapering, 1-4 in. long by 1/12-⅛ in., crowned with soft white glandular +hairs. Panicle narrow, branches short, spikelets olive grey, up to ⅓ in. +long, narrowly oval. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +=E. major= _Host._ BANU (Khartoum)—Arab. + +Annual grass, growing in small tufts, stems slender, but strong, ½-2 ft. +high. Leaves few, 2-6 in. long, tapering to fine point, glandular along +the edges. Panicle 2-6 in. long, moderately dense, erect. Branches +spreading, stiff, longer at base. Spikelets large, up to ⅓ in. by ⅛ in., +many flowered. Grain round. + +Northern and Central Sudan; Kordofan and Bahr el Ghazal (Jur Ghattas and +Niamniam land). + + +=E. Barrelierii= _Desv._ + +Annual grass growing in tufts up to about 1 ft. high. Stems slender, +many jointed. Leaves not glandular. Inflorescence rigid, 1½-3 in. long, +1-1½ in. broad. Branches many, subopposite. Spikelets short stalked, +many flowered, up to ½ in. long by 1/16 in. broad. + +Halfa Prov. (Halfa). + + +=E. tremula= _Hochst._ BINNU or BANU (Kordn)—Arab. + +Tufted annual, 6 in. to 2½ ft., stems 3-4-jointed. Leaves narrow, mostly +basal, sometimes glandular. Panicle very large, broad, very loose, +branches solitary. Spikelets nodding, on long, very fine stalks, many- +flowered, up to 1 in. long by 1/12 in. broad. + +Blue Nile Prov. (Rufaa); Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Kordofan Prov. (Abu +Garad, Hilla el Jebel, El Obeid, Khor Abu Habl); Bahr el Ghazal Prov. +(Niamniam land). + + +=E. superba= _Peyr._ + +Perennial, densely tufted grass with offshoots along the stems, 2-3 ft. +high. Panicle erect, 4-10 in. long, often interrupted below. Spikelets +almost round or oval, large, ¼-¾ in. by 1/5-1/3 in., straw coloured or +purplish, irregularly placed on very unequal stalks. + +Mongalla Prov. (Rejaf, near mountain). + + +=E. obtusa= _Munro._ + +Densely tufted perennial with numerous leafy shoots along stem, stems +wiry, ½-1½ ft. long. Leaves very narrow, tapering to a very fine point. +Panicle 2-4 in. long, rather lax. Spikelets large, 1/8-1/5 in., roundish +or oval on very fine stalks, nodding in wind. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +=E. rubiginosa= _Trin._ + +Tufted annual, with solitary stems arising from a basal tuft of leaves, +up to about 1 ft. high. Leaves about 3 in. long by ¼ in., lance-shaped, +tinged with red. Inflorescence small, consisting of 5 or 6 short +branches, bearing broad heart-shaped spikelets, which are tinged with +red. + +Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=E. near E. Tholloni= _Franch._ + +Grass with dense basal tuft of leaves and fibrous sheaths. Leaves long, +narrow, tapering. Flowering stem solitary, up to 2 ft. high. +Inflorescence fairly loose, oval, with fine wavy branches about 1 in. +long, bearing large, broad, heart-shaped spikelets of yellow colour. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post). + + +=E. ciliaris= _Link._ + +Tufted annual 2 in.-1 ft. high, or more; stems slender, hairless or +nearly so, bent at the base, 3-4-jointed, leaves narrow, finely pointed, +short. Spikes dense, 2-6 in. long, narrow, cylindrical. Spikelets +densely crowded, pale, sometimes purplish, 1/10 in. long, 6-12 flowered, +glumes hairy. + +Red Sea Prov. (Soturba, at Mersa Elei, and Lat. 21° N., Khor Tamanib, +Tokar); Khartoum Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (El Obeid); Bahr el Ghazal Prov. +(Jur Ghattas, and Niamniam land); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River). + + +=E. interrupta= _P. Beauv._ HOLAGOYA & HEILAGŪT (N. Kordn)—Arab. + +Annual, very variable in size, 2 in.-3 ft. high, stem bent at base. +Panicle with erect stiff branches, more or less contracted or slightly +spreading. Spikelets very small, green or pale brown, 1/12-¼ in. long, +glumes not hairy. + +Atbara River; Berber Prov. (El Mesherif and Gubba); Khartoum Prov.; Blue +Nile Prov.; Fung Prov.; Kordofan Prov. + + +=E. namaquensis= _Nees._ + +Tufted annual, 6 in.-2 ft. high, stem erect, slender. Leaves narrow. +Panicle long and narrow, contracted or loose; spikelets usually crowded, +1/12 in. long, 5-6 flowered, light purplish or brownish. + +White Nile Prov. (Jebel Arashkol); Kordofan Prov.; Bahr el Ghazal Prov. +(Jur Ghattas). + + +=E. aspera= _Nees._ HEMEIRA (Khartoum)—Arab. + +Tufted annual 2-4 in. high. Panicle large, open, 10-20 in. long by 4-6 +in. broad. Spikelets narrow, blunt, 1/5 in. long, 4-16 flowered, pale or +tinged with purple, glumes rough. + +Red Sea Prov. (Tokar and Lat. 21° N.); Blue Nile Prov. (Kamlin); +Khartoum Prov.; Fung Prov. (Roseires); Darfur Prov. (Kulme); Bahr el +Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam land). + + +902 =Diplachne fusca= _Beauv._ + +Coarse perennial growing in compact tufts, stems stout, 3-5 ft. long, +3-jointed, branched, with leafy shoots springing from the lower. Leaf +blades more or less rigid, 3-6 in. by 1/12-⅛ in. Panicle 9-18 in. long, +narrow, slightly nodding, consisting of numerous slender branches up to +5 in. long, not spreading. Spikelets ¼-½ in. long, 5-10 flowered, very +shortly stalked, olive grey in colour. + +White Nile Prov. (Jebel Arashkol). + + +903 =Leptochloa chinensis= _Nees._ + +A rather coarse annual, stems stout, erect, 2-4 ft. high, many jointed. +Leaves long, 6-18 in., narrow, grey-green. Panicle 6-18 in., consisting +of numerous slender, flexuous branches, often spreading. Spikelets +crowded on the branches, not stalked, dark colour, about 1/10 in. long. + +Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Wau). + + +=L. sp.= + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post). + + +904 =Schoenefeldia gracilis= _Kunth._ DANAB EL NAGA, EMFERID (Blue +Nile), GAU DUMBELAD (N. Kordn)—Arab. + +Annual with slender wiry stems growing in tufts, up to 18 in. high. +Leaves very narrow, inrolled at the edges. Spikes 2 or 3, digitate, each +2-4 in. long, axis densely covered with 2 ranks of small spikelets (1/12 +in. long), bearing long, flexuous awns up to 1½ in. long. + +Northern and Central Sudan; Kordofan Prov.; Darfur Prov. (Jebel Barkin, +Suruj district). + + +905 =Microchloa setacea= _R. Br._ + +Perennial, growing in compact tufts, stems very slender, from 2 in. to +more than 1 ft. long. Leaves crowded at the base, short, rigid and wiry, +the basal sheaths breaking into fibres. Spikes solitary, 1-6 in. long, +very slender, little thicker than the stems, usually curved, often +purplish. Spikelets 1-flowered in a single row, up to ⅛ in. long, widely +spaced on the axis of the spike. + +Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +906 =Cynodon Dactylon= _Pers._ NAGIL, DIFRAT EL KHAIL (N. Kordn)—Arab; +BURTIT (Dilling)—Nuba. + +Perennial, creeping grass, forming matted tufts, with short, ascending, +slender, many jointed branches from a few inches to 1 ft. long. +Spikelets minute, 1-2-ranked on 3-6 digitate spikes. A common grass, an +excellent fodder, very suited to the making of lawns. + +Throughout the Sudan. + + +907 =Enteropogon macrostachya= _Munro._ + +Rather coarse perennial grass up to 2½ ft. high, stems slender and wiry, +branched at the base. Leaves long, up to 1/5 in. broad, grey-green. +Spikes up to 6 in. long, solitary, pallid. Spikelets densely packed on +one side of the axis, narrow, and with a short awn. + +Darfur Prov. (Jebel Barkin). + + +908 =Chloris pycnothrix= _Trin._ + +Slender perennial or annual grass, ½-1 ft. high, stems at the base +prostrate, with tufts of barren shoots and stems springing from the +rooting joints. Leaves 1½-2 in., very narrow. Spikes 3 to 9, sessile, or +some shortly stalked, 1½-3 in. long, digitate. Spikelets minute, awn of +lower valve very fine, ½-¾ in. long, upper valve also curved, with fine +bristle ⅙-¼ in. long. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei district). + + +=C. punctulata= _Hochst._ + +Perennial, ½-1 ft. high, stems with stout, wiry, creeping stems rooting +at the joints and sending up fresh tufts therefrom. Stems slender, +enclosed in the sheathing bases of the leaves up to the base of the +inflorescence. Spikes 1-2½ in. long, 3-6, digitate. Spikelets minute, +rigid, and bristle-like, about ½ in. long, yellow. + +Red Sea Prov. (Lat. 21-22° N.); Khartoum Prov.; Kordofan Prov. (Joka). + + +=C. virgata= _Swartz._ TIMALA—Hadendowa. + +Perennial or annual, 1-3 ft. high. Stems often prostrate below, and +giving off barren shoots from the rooting joints. Spikes 6-15 or more, +digitate, whitish green or purplish, 1-2½ in. long. Spikelets about ⅙ +in. long, 2-awned, on upper valve ¼-½ in. long, on lower ½-¾ in. long, +lower valve also hairy and bearded below the tip. + +A fodder grass. + +Widely distributed in Northern and Central Sudan (Fung Prov. (Shellal). + +=var. elegans= _Stapf._ + +Similar to type, but spikes up to 3 in. long, lower valve of spikelets +conspicuously swollen. + +Red Sea Prov. (Erkowit & Tokar). + + +=C. gayana= _Kunth._ + +Perennial or annual, 2-4 ft. high. Stems often stout with runners at the +base from which spring barren shoots. Leaves narrow, long tapering, ½ to +more than 1 ft. long. Spikes 6-15, digitate, not stalked, rarely +spreading, 2½-4 in. long. Spikelets ⅛ in. long, shortly 2-awned, dense +on the spikes. + +Mongalla Prov. (Yei Valley District). + + +=C. barbata= _Sw._ + +Perennial very variable in size and habit. Stems stout, 1-3 ft. high, +with long creeping runners at the base. Spikes 4-20, ½-4 in. long, +digitate. Spikelets 1/10-⅙ in., green or red-purple, 3-awned, awn ¼-⅓ +in. long; glumes very hairy, and pointed at the tip. + +Darfur Prov. + + +=C. breviseta= _Benth._ DAZ (Meshra el Zeraf) UM ASABA—Arab; YOLOVAN +(Meshra el Zeraf)—Dinka. + +Perennial up to 2 ft. high, with stout stems and creeping basal runners. +Leaves long and narrow. Spikes up to 12, about 3 in. long. Spikelets +about ⅙ in. long, 3-awned, but awns only short bristles, glumes slightly +hairy, often fringed with purple. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Kordofan Prov. (Abu Haraz); Darfur +Prov. (Kulme, 3,600 ft.); Upper White Nile Prov. (Meshra el Zeraf); Bahr +el Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas); Mongalla Prov. (Yei River, Gondokoro). + + +=C. villosa= _Pers._ + +Perennial from a densely tufted stout woody base which is clothed with +broad overlapping leaf-sheaths. Stems slender, up to 3 ft. high, but +generally smaller. Leaves very narrow 1-3 in. Spikes solitary up to 3 +in. long. Spikelets 4-awned, awns up to ⅓ in. long, very dense on the +axis, triangular, with the base upwards, glumes very hairy. + +A good fodder grass in desert regions. + +Red Sea Prov. (Khor Tamanib); Between Suakin and Berber (Wadi Omari). + + +=C. spathacea= _Hochst._ + +Tufted perennial up to 1 ft. high, similar in habit to _C. villosa_, but +generally smaller, and the solitary spike wholly or partly enclosed in +spathe-like leaf-sheaths. The awns also are rather more rigid. + +Between Suakin and Berber (Wadi Laemab); Atbara River (Jebel Erimbat, +Goz Regeb); Blue Nile Prov. (Wad el Haddad, Wad el Gamali); White Nile +Prov. (Jebel Arashkol); Kordofan Prov. (Bir Sodari and Abu Haraz). + + +909 =Ctenium elegans= _Kunth._ DANAB EL NAGA, ABU-DHANABI—Arab. + +Perennial densely tufted grass, stems thin, wiry, 1½-2½ ft. high. Leaves +scanty, narrow. Spikes solitary up to 1 ft. long. Spikelets very narrow, +densely packed on one side of the axis like the teeth of a comb, shortly +awned with a fine bristle. Glumes and axis finely hairy. + +Blue Nile Prov. (Sennar); Kordofan Prov. (Jebel Kon, Khor Abu Habl); +Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Bongo: Gir). + + +=C. Schweinfurthii= _Gilg._ + +Similar in general habit to _C. elegans_, but differs in that two of the +glumes are strongly hairy, the inner glume is not glandular and the awn +from the side nerve is conspicuous. + +Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Bongo land). + + +910 =Coelachyrum brevifolium= _Nees._ + +Small annual tufted grass 3-6 in. high, frequently bearing long trailing +stems with leafy branches at the joints. Leaves 1-2 in. long, lance- +shaped. Panicle loose, branches up to six in number, about 1 in. long, +irregularly arranged. Spikelets crowded on the branches, about ⅛ in. +long, 3-4-flowered, glumes ovate. + +Red Sea Prov. (Tokar and Lat. 21° N.). + + +911 =Eleusine indica= _Gaertn._ + +Annual, often strong growing, but variable according to locality, from a +few inches to 2 ft. in height. Stems flattened, 2-3-jointed. Leaves +often numerous, crowded near the base, long, narrow, midrib conspicuous. +Spikes 2-14, 1-7 in. long, digitate, with usually 1 or 2 extra below. +Spikes slender, straight, axis breaking above the glumes. Spikelets +1/8-1/6 in. long, in two rows all crowded on one side of the axis. Seed +heart-shaped in cross section. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Nubia +Mts. Prov. (Talodi); Mongalla Prov. (Gondokoro, Mongalla and Yei River); +Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas and Niamniam land). + + +=E. coracana= _Gaertn._ TELABUN—Arab; KOELL—Bongo; MONU or MARO—Zande. + +Very like _E. indica_, but more robust, up to 5 ft. high. Spikes thick, +often curved, axis tough, grain roundish. + +Cultivated for the grain in the Southern Sudan, where it is used both +for food and in the preparation of native beer. + +Fung Prov. (Fazoghli); Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas and Niamniam +land); Bahr el Jebel (Bari country). + + +=E. flagellifera= _Nees._ HOMRA (Red Sea Prov.)—Arab; IGLA—Rashida; +TOKSHIN—Hadendowa. + +Perennial with long, stiff, wiry, creeping stems, much branched and +rooting at the joints, which are often leafy and thickened. Erect +flowering stems about 10 in. long. Spikes 3-6, 1-1½ in. long. Spikelets +crowded, overlapping, ⅛-⅓ in. long, often purplish. + +Desert grass. + +Red Sea Prov. (littoral, Lat. 22° N., Wadi el Arab and Tokar); Between +Suakin and Berber (Wadi Laemab); Berber Prov. (Atbara river); Kassala +Prov. (Um Adam). + + +=E. verticillata= _Roxb._ + +Tufted annual 1-3 ft. high, with many strong leafy stems. Leaves rather +broad. Spikes numerous, rather scattered on the axis or arranged in +whorls, up to 3 in. long. Spikelets large, up to ¼ in., densely crowded, +glumes very pointed, overlapping. + +Between Suakin and Berber (Jebel Okurr). + + +912 =Dactyloctenium ægypticum= _Willd._ KOREIB (Khartoum), UM ASABA +(Kordn)—Arab. + +Annual, 1-1½ ft. high, stems stoutish, sometimes prostrate and rooting +from the joints at the base. Leaves long, tapering to a fine point, 1-5 +in. long by 1½-⅙ in. wide. Often hairy with white hairs bearing a small +tubercle at the base. Spikes 2-6, digitate, ½-2 in. long, axis stout +with spikelets densely packed in 2 rows facing in one direction and +spreading at right angles. Spikelets up to ⅛ in. long, stiff, armed with +a short curved rigid awn. + +A good fodder plant; the seed is eaten at times. + +Widely distributed in the Sudan. + + +=D. glauciphyllum= _Courb._ + +Perennial with long creeping stems bearing leafy flowering tufts at the +thickened joints, 8 in.-1 ft. high. Leaves mainly basal, 1-5 in. long, +very narrow, thinly covered with long soft white hairs. Spikes about 4 +in number, digitate, up to 1 in. long, branches densely packed with +spikelets about 1/5 in. long, glumes prolonged into a sharp hard point. + +A desert grass, eaten readily by cattle, sheep, and goats, but dangerous +to horses causing irritation to the bladder and kidneys if eaten in +large quantities. + +Red Sea Prov. (Lat. 21° N., Tokar, Khor Tamanib); Between Suakin and +Berber (Wadi Sarrawib and Wadi el Omari). + + +913 =Dinebra arabica= _Stapf._ EL MILEIHA (Khartoum) and MAMLEIHA +(Fung)—Arab. + +Annual leafy grass 1-3 ft. high, growing in dense tufts, stems stout, +branching from the base. Leaves flat, 3-8 in. long. Inflorescence up to +1 ft. long, axis stout, rigid, erect. Branches rather irregularly and +widely spaced, becoming closer towards the apex, ½-2½ in. long. +Spikelets overlapping, ⅙ in. long, outer glumes drawn out into a long, +fine, rigid point. + +Widely distributed in the Sudan. + + +914 =Trichoneura arenaria= _Ekman._ + +Small tufted annual grass, woody at the base up to 4 in. long, finely +dense. Spikelets flattened, shortly awned. + +Red Sea Prov. (Soturba, Mersa Elei). + + +915 =Triraphis nana= _Boiss._ + +Dwarf desert grass, annual, about 4 in. high. Leaves very narrow and +fine pointed. Panicle brush-like, oval, about 1 in. long. Spikelets +dense, very hairy, with a fine bristle-like awn. + +Red Sea Prov. (Lat. 21° N.). + + +916 =Tripogon sp.= (See Key). + +Darfur Prov. (Jebel Marra, high zone). + + +917 =Enneapogon elegans= _Stapf._ MASABIGH—Arab. + +Perennial grass about 15 in. high, with tufted woody base. Leaves mostly +basal, with tight woody sheaths, blades very narrow, finely hairy. +Inflorescence spike-like, whitish or purplish, up to 4 in. long. +Spikelets in clusters, fairly dense on the axis. Glumes narrow, divided +apically into 9 feathery awns. Grain oval, with long silky white hairs +springing from the upper half. + +A good fodder grass. + +Between Suakin and Berber (Wadi Eremit); Khartoum Prov. (Jebel +Malakhit). + + +=E. mollis= _Lehm._ + +Perennial, more or less finely hairy all over. Stems 1-3 ft. long. +Leaves long, up to ⅜ in. broad, mostly narrower. Inflorescence spike- +like, often interrupted and lobed below, ⅙ in. long. Spikelets crowded, +up to 1/5 in. long, awns 9, feathery, up to ¼ in. long, glumes often +tinged with black, the whole rather like a fox tail. + +Blue Nile Prov. (Near mouth of Dinder River). Kordofan Prov.; Darfur +Prov. + + +918 =Schmidtia pappophoroides= _Steud._ EL MILEIHA (N. Kordn)—Arab. + +Coarse tufted perennial grass up to 1½ ft. high, covered with fine short +hairs. Stems bent and woody below. Panicle up to 4 in. long, spike-like, +narrow, fairly dense. Spikelets in clusters of 4-6, hairy. Glumes +9-nerved, five being prolonged into straight fine bristle-like awns, of +a brownish yellow colour. + +A good fodder grass. + +Kordofan Prov. (Wadi Gotta and Kheiran); Darfur Prov. (Jebel Sungur, +Suruj district). + + +919 =Oryza brachyantha= _Stapf._ RUZ EL WADI—Arab. + +Tall leafy grass with stout stems growing in inundated or swampy soil, +about 2 ft. high or more. Leaves long, tapering to a fine point. +Spikelets large, flat, oblong, about ⅜ in. long, shortly stalked on the +wavy branches of an elongated narrow panicle, including the awn over 1 +ft. long. Awns slender, rigid, rough, 6 in. or more long. + +Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=O. Barthii= _Chev._ RUZ—Arab, ALABU—Dinka and Shilluk. + +Coarse leafy grass with stout ribbed stems growing in inundated khors +near river; about 2 ft. high. Leaves up to ½ in. wide. Panicle rather +lax, up to 1 ft. long. Spikelets reddish-yellow, with short stiff white +hairs, ⅓ in. long, narrow, and tapering to a fine tip. Awns wavy, less +than 3 in. long. + +Upper White Nile Prov. (Kio plantation). + + +=O. punctata= _Kotschy._ RUZ EL WADI, UM SHEBITI or TIBN—Arab. + +Aquatic grass growing in flooded khors, 2-3 ft. high, stems moderately +stout. Leaves under ½ in. wide, finely ribbed. Panicle very lax, up to +10 in. long, branches few. Spikelets oblong, ¼ in. long, hairy on the +ribs. Awn slightly curved, about 1½ in. long. + +White Nile Prov. (Jebel Arashkol); Kordofan (Khor Abu Habl.); Fung Prov. +(Jongol’s Post). + + +=O. officinalis= _Wall._ + +Tall leafy grass up to 6 ft. high, stems slender. Leaves 1-2 ft. by ½-1½ +in., pale grey green. Panicle up to 8 in. long, very lax, branches +spreading. Spikelets ⅙ in., white. Awn up to ½ in. long. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post); Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam land, +Nabambisso River). + + +920 =Leersia hexandra= _Sw._ + +Rice-like grass growing in swampy soil, smaller and more slender than +true Rice, 2-4 ft. high. Inflorescence a loose panicle 2-4 in. long. +Spikelets ⅙ in. long, lower florets absent, glumes not awned. Leaves +8-12 in. long by ⅓-½ in. broad, flat, sharp edged. + +Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam land, Nabambisso River); Mongalla Prov. +(Yei River). + + +=L. angustifolia= _Munro._ + +Tufted grass up to 2 ft. high, growing in swamps. Inflorescence loose, +purplish, bristles on edges of glumes nearly straight and set at an +acute angle. Leaves very narrow, awl-like, folded. + +Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Jur Ghattas). + + +=L. drepanothria= _Stapf._ + +Similar to above in habit. Bristles on glumes curled. + +Fung Prov. (Jongol’s Post). + + +921 =Elytrophorus articulatus= _P. Beauv._ + +An erect annual grass 6-18 in. high. Leaves as long as the stem and +spikes very narrow. Inflorescence often larger than the stem, reddish +yellow in colour. Spikelets in globose clusters that are densely packed +along a central axis, forming a long cylindric or interrupted spike. +Spikelets ⅙ in. long, with awned glumes surrounded by many empty glumes. +Awns about ¼ in. long. + +Kordofan Prov. (Abu Garad, El Mareikib); Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Jur +Ghattas). + + +922 =Aeluropus repens= _Parl._ + +A rigid grass with long wiry roots. Stems 6-12 in. long, densely tufted, +branched, hard, erect or prostrate, with long, often creeping runners. +Leaves ⅙-1 in., mostly spreading at right angles to the stem, inrolled +and sharp pointed resembling thorns in appearance. Inflorescence ¼-⅔ in. +in diameter, globose or ovoid. Spikelets densely compacted. + +Red Sea (Coastal region). + + +923 =Bromus adoensis= _Hochst._ + +Annual about 1 ft. high, stems slender, leaves long, narrow. Panicle +lax, spikelets 6-9 flowered on slender flexuous stalks, tassel-like, +purplish. Awns up to ¾ in. long. + +Darfur Prov. (Jebel Marra, Niurnya 6,500 ft.). Red Sea Prov. (between +3-4,000 ft.). + + +924 =Olyra latifolia= _Linn._ + +Tall branched perennial 10-15 ft. high, growing in shady moist khors. +Leaves large, 4-7 in. long, by 1-2¾ in. broad, flat, narrowed to a fine +tip. Inflorescence 3-6 in. long, somewhat loose. Spikelets oval, about ¼ +in. long, awn up to nearly an inch, flexuous. Glumes papery. + +Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Niamniam land, Boddo River). Mongalla Prov. (Yei +River). + + +925 =Oxytenanthera abyssinica= _Munro._ GANNA—Arab; MEDERA—Hameg; TAL +(J. Daier), LUI (J. Eliri)—Nuba; LAU—Nuer; NGANZI—Zande. + +Tall leafy shrub with woody stems (canes) rising from a thick rhizome. +Leaves lance-head shaped, up to 6 in. by 1 in. wide. Spikelets in dense +terminal heads in more or less globose whorls. + +The Bamboo; the stems are used for building and many other purposes. + +Kassala Prov. (Gallabat, Matamma); Fung Prov. (J. Fazoghli); Nuba Mts. +Prov. (Khors); Atbara River; Bahr el Ghazal Prov. (Khors). + + + + + INDEX TO NATIVE NAMES. + + + =ARABIC NAMES= + + + SERIAL NO. + + Abbaka 480 + + Abdugulgul 698 + + Abhamāda 370 + + Abjalajel 22 + + Abkileh 291 + + Abl 155 + + Abongandur 693 + + Abrukab 111 + + Abu Ain Safra 543 + + Abu Beka 480 + + Abu Dhanabi 909 + + Abu ’Eleiba 618 + + Abu Fas 689 + + Abu Galagel 22 + + Abu Garada 855 + + Abu Gawi 334, 480 + + Abu Halagin 618 + + Abu Hamāda 370 + + Abu Hareib 895 + + Abu Hosaba 628 + + Abu Khalafof 199 + + Abu Khameira 270, 368 + + Abu Khamir 430 + + Abu Lebben 142, 229, 440, 451, 460 + + Abu Leila 276 + + Abu Likeita 30 + + Abu Liseig 256 + + Abu Marfein 478 + + Abu Nuwara 674 + + Abu Rikhis 864 + + Abu Rukba 880 + + Abu Shoka 119 + + Abu Shutur 662 + + Abu Shweika 119, 570 + + Abu Sidra 662 + + Abu Surug 282 + + Abu Tamara 38 + + Abu Tifa 722 + + Abu Tumra 113 + + Addar Abu Shar 855 + + Addar 855 + + Addimir 37 + + Adlib 102 + + ’Ads Sudani 339 + + ’Ads Surgam 323 + + Af 814 + + Agash 461 + + Agassir 244 + + Ageig 895 + + Ageig El Baggar 895 + + Agur 164 + + Ain El Jenel 593 + + Ajur 164 + + Ajur El Ghazal 164 + + Ajur El Kelb 164 + + Akasa 244 + + Akeish 461 + + Aklimawi 855 + + ’Akrash 899 + + Alag 38 + + Alankuwe 368 + + Algulu-ar 430 + + Alloseg 200 + + Alluseig 200 + + Amayok 303 + + Ambaj 311 + + Ambatch 311 + + Amboru 218 + + Amgineidilad 344 + + Amzaq 402 + + Anaba 370 + + Anawidik 111 + + Ankolib 855 + + Annas 895 + + Ansora 866 + + Ara 107 + + Araa Aassali 174 + + Araa Kossa 164 + + Araa Stambuli 174 + + Araka 367 + + Ararib 86 + + Ardeib 275 + + Argun 814 + + Arish 402 + + Arkala 133, 440, 618 + + Arrada 288 + + Arrawal 543 + + Arsh 161 + + Asad el Tugule 413 + + Asat el Gird 413 + + Asfar 105, 571 + + Asin 30 + + Aslanga 765 + + Ass’aib 38 + + Attar 244 + + Aud 287 + + Azanaya 599 + + Babanus 342 + + Babirusa 827 + + Baggis 480 + + Bahana 855 + + Bal 340 + + Balah 814 + + Bambit 104 + + Bamia 224 + + Banaduro 611 + + Bango 361 + + Banu 901 + + Basham 199 + + Bassal El Kelb 772 + + Bassal El Wadi 757 + + Battikh 172 + + Bayad (See also Be-eid.) 781, 895 + + Bebit 105 + + Bedingan 608 + + Bedingan El Guta 608 + + Be-Eid (See also Bayad.) 781 + + Begheil 676, 841 + + Bekheiset 756 + + Berīd 764, 772 + + Bersīm baladi 296 + + Bersīm hegazi 295 + + Bet el Arus 329 + + Beylasān 163 + + Bigm 155 + + Biltik 550 + + Binnu 901 + + Bombay 618 + + Bortugan 379 + + Buda 652 + + Burdi 738, 827 + + Burnus 866 + + Burri 855 + + Bus 892 + + Buzz’am 892 + + Dabalab 239 + + Dabkar 33, 392 + + Dafara 602 + + Dahaian 44 + + Dahassir 300 + + Dakar 814 + + Dakheyan 44 + + Dalle 86 + + Danaban 692 + + Danabaya 895 + + Danab El Abilani 111 + + Danab El Kelb 104, 882, 886 + + Danab El Naga 904, 909 + + Danab El Tut 88 + + Darot 188 + + Dawa na Samaki 303 + + Dayok 756 + + Daz 908 + + Deberrah 101 + + Defera 873, 877 + + Defera Melaiha 899 + + Deil El Far 895 + + Deilu 86 + + Deleib 818 + + Demchirai 256, 257 + + Denaba 57 + + Dereisa (See also Dreisa.) 117 + + Derma 300 + + Difera 877 + + Difrat El Khei 906 + + Dinsis 528 + + Dis 738, 827 + + Dom 819, 820 + + Dreisa 117 + + Dreys (See also Dreisa.) 117 + + Dubagha 204 + + Dueid 781 + + Duffeig 814 + + Dukhan 616 + + Dukhān El Azabat 602 + + Dukhn 886 + + Dunbalab 895 + + Dura Seifi 855 + + Dura Shami 840 + + Duruba 394 + + Durūt 188 + + Egeig 895 + + Eibnusa 342 + + Eish Er Rif 840 + + El Ara 107 + + El Aud 287 + + El Bueida 104 + + El Erra 163 + + El Gurun 121 + + El Hād 628 + + El Kurda 873 + + El Luinda 886 + + El Mileiha 913, 918 + + El Rak 367 + + El Sha’aluk 163 + + El Sherei’a 300 + + El Torak 855 + + El Tübbür 739 + + El Turba 340 + + El Ut 287 + + El Wein 652 + + El Yeir 163 + + Emferid 904 + + Enab El Dib 608 + + Ergana 238 + + Erg El Agrab 22, 326 + + Erg El Akrab 22 + + Erg El Asda 111 + + Erg El Bugr 692 + + Erg El Dam 111 + + Erg El Haggar 16 + + Erg El Mehabba 38 + + Erg El M’oterash 619 + + Erg El Moya 657 + + Erg El Nāl 207 + + Erg El Nimr 682 + + Erg El Saggat 426 + + Erg El Shagat 657 + + Erg el Tueirat 142 + + Erg El Tundub 657 + + Erg Habūb El Kheil 460 + + Erra 163 + + Eshūb 827 + + Fagus 164 + + Fakhah 111, 685 + + Faki Baladawaya 722 + + Farah El Gumri 340 + + Fareq 155 + + Fartaga 291 + + Faru 618 + + Feraisha 320 + + Feterita 855 + + Figl 53 + + Fiki Mostahi 855 + + Fikki 41 + + Filfil Ahmar 610 + + Fiss El Kelb 106 + + Fiss El Kelab 96 + + Foqqesh 612 + + Forgeyh 533 + + Ful 322 + + Ful Sudani 315 + + Gabbah 895 + + Gaddeim 199 + + Gaddum El Teital 855 + + Gafal 385, 386 + + Gambil 599 + + Gameiz 352 + + Gandah 742 + + Ganna 925 + + Garaa Aasali 174 + + Garaa Kossa 164 + + Garaa Stambuli 174 + + Garad 287 + + Garadaya 269, 288 + + Garawi 855 + + Gargadan (See also Karkadan.) 218 + + Garguir 47 + + Gash El Fil 788 + + Gash El Nāl 886 + + Gassabi 855 + + Gatgat 544 + + Gatha 117 + + Gau 895 + + Gau Dumbelad 904 + + Gauumshara 895 + + Gereigdan (See also Gregdan.) 199 + + Gereidah 814 + + Gerfet El Dūd 288 + + Gesharingeik 332 + + Gharaz 841 + + Gharba 44 + + Ghareir 602, 606 + + Ghubeish 107, 224 + + Ghubeyra 543, 602, 624 + + Gibbein 608 + + Gid El Gutn 225 + + Gilban 324 + + Gimbil 599 + + Gishta 8 + + Gogheib 893 + + Gongoleis 212 + + Gonoih 229 + + Gregdan (See also Gereigdan.) 205 + + Gubein 608 + + Gueir 352 + + Gughan 417, 418 + + Gugheib 893 + + Gula 370 + + Gulgul 698 + + Gulum 34 + + Gumali 19 + + Gungara 886 + + Gurdi 60 + + Gurdum 571 + + Guta 608 + + Gutn Americani 227 + + Gutn Arabi 227 + + Gutn El Khala 225 + + Gutn Mumtaz 227 + + Gutub 225 + + Habahan 797 + + Habaq 649 + + Habashkol 164 + + Habat El Ain (See also Hab bita El Ain.) 269 + + Habbas 286 + + Habb El Meluk 241 + + Hab bita El Ain (See also Hab El Ain.) 286 + + Hab El Ain (See also Hab bita El Ain.) 269 + + Habīl 191 + + Habilarus 325, 329 + + Habil Er Rus 325 + + Halfa 882, 900 + + Halleyu 440 + + Haluk 657, 658 + + Hamaisi 855 + + Hamareib 865 + + Hamerai 866 + + Hanbūk 218 + + Handal 172 + + Hantud 618 + + Har 77 + + Hara 77 + + Harayrah 105 + + Haraz 287 + + Hareish 84 + + Hargal 447 + + Harhar 344 + + Harr 562 + + Harra 50 + + Harrīsh 603 + + Harsh 608 + + Hashab 287 + + Hashish 361 + + Hashish El Farras 513 + + Hebeibu 61 + + Hegarig 855 + + Heglig 382 + + Hegiri 855 + + Heilagūt 901 + + Hekkabit 34 + + Helba 294 + + Helew 877 + + Hemeira 901 + + Hemra 895 + + Henna 131 + + Hereishah 269 + + Hersha 688 + + Heskanit 886, 887 + + Hinnat El Abilain 356 + + Hog El Fil 426 + + Holagoya 901 + + Homeid 402, 404 + + Homeira 212 + + Homra 84, 393, 911 + + Homraya 393 + + Hummus 321 + + Humr 212 + + Hunbug 34 + + Hurhar 342 + + Hurua 255 + + Ibnu 258 + + Ideinat El Far 303 + + Inderab 599 + + Inderab Entaya 599 + + Inderab Gimbil 599 + + Irkis 37 + + Jo 224 + + Jukhan 417, 418 + + Kadada 284 + + Kahali 607 + + Kakamūt 287 + + Kakwa 855 + + Kalto 368 + + Kamanga 361 + + Karauerau 35, 270 + + Karb El Wadi 383 + + Karkadan (See also Gargadan.) 36 + + Karkade 224 + + Karmudoda 466 + + Kasharingi 332 + + Kereira 602 + + Kereiwit El Ghurab 303 + + Khantut 618 + + Kharaq El Bahr 547 + + Kharub 270 + + Kharūm 478 + + Kharuma 287 + + Khashkhash 661 + + Khashkhash Abiad 661 + + Khashkhash Azrak 344 + + Khashkhash el Sughur 344 + + Khazan 756 + + Khelisan 199 + + Khiar 164 + + Khiruwi 255 + + Khubbeiza 214 + + Kilga 772 + + Kintara 577 + + Kirken 224 + + Kirkir 478 + + Kittir 287 + + Kol 306 + + Kolokass 744 + + Koreib 887, 912 + + Koreish Battikh 172 + + Kowal 30 + + Kowoge 38 + + Kudur 156 + + Kūk 287 + + Kulam 221 + + Kulkul 270 + + Kunutal 221 + + Kurain 698 + + Kurdan 36 + + Kurkaban 229 + + Kurmut 37 + + Kurmut Sogheir 37 + + Kursan 35 + + Kushu-Kushu 722 + + Kutkat 543 + + Labakh 288 + + Lablab Ahmar 105 + + Ladua 142 + + Laghrab El Homar 855 + + Lalōb 382 + + Laot 287 + + Lara 107 + + Lasakwa 243 + + Lassaf 34 + + Layuk 280 + + Lebbek 288 + + Lebinga 258 + + Leru 107 + + Leyun 402 + + Libbein 229 + + Libbeyn 229 + + Libbia 691 + + Lif 161, 375 + + Limoun Baladi 379 + + Limoun Hindi 379 + + Limoun Hellu 379 + + Lisan El Teir 30, 106 + + Luban 386 + + Lubbun 593 + + Lubia Afin 336 + + Lubia El Fil 331 + + Lubia Hamra 332 + + Lubia Hellu 333 + + Lubia Khadra 332 + + Lufa 161, 375 + + Luh 899 + + Lukh 899 + + Lulu 419 + + Luseig 200, 882 + + Lussaq 360 + + Lūtabelain 297 + + Luweis 340, 460, 691 + + Mableben (See also Malbeina.) 229, 460 + + Mahad 48 + + Mahagaya 258 + + Mahalab 689 + + Mahareib 865 + + Mahbab 684 + + Mai 39 + + Makhshash El Rigal 218 + + Malaita 579 + + Malbeina 229 + + Malbeina Hamra 229 + + Malhi 861 + + Malot 579 + + Mamleiha 913 + + Managiga 225 + + Maraira 865 + + Marakh 460 + + Marhabeib 865 + + Mari (Khasa) 38 + + Masabigh 896, 917 + + Mashika 669 + + Mashtura 662 + + Meikah 366 + + Merakh 460 + + Mesheit 756 + + Mideka 368 + + Mileiha 913, 918 + + Mimligada 224 + + Miremit 71 + + Mirmid 71 + + Mishka 467 + + Mistika 467 + + Miswak 367 + + Mokheit 35 + + Molokhia 202 + + Morgan 612 + + Morreya 695 + + Muddeyd 57, 142, 624 + + Mudus 279 + + Mufrak El Rowair 30 + + Mughad 173 + + Mughreib 886 + + Mulley 101, 628 + + Mulukhia 202 + + Munderab 599 + + Murdu 34 + + Murmit 624 + + Murraya 393 + + Mutrak 199 + + Na’anaa 30, 688, 111 + + Nabak 372 + + Nabak El Fil 372 + + Nadawe 628 + + Nagīl 906 + + Nakhla 814 + + Nakhl El Faraun 815 + + Nakhshash El Dubban 528 + + Nāl 865 + + Namnam 48 + + Nar El Assad 652 + + Nar El Fil 657 + + Naring 379 + + Nawa 814 + + Nideiana 631 + + Nil Baladi 300 + + Nitaya 814 + + Nuarah 105 + + Nu’em 628 + + Nur El Assad 652 + + Nussa 895 + + Nussaq 360 + + Nuttash 291 + + Obeish 190 + + Orf Ed Dik 106 + + Owarida 619 + + Qortom 571 + + Quta 608 + + Ra’afa 340 + + Ra’al 717 + + Raba’a (See also Rab’ah, Rubaa’ and Rubai.) 81, 86 + + Rab’ah (See also Raba’a.) 86 + + Rakab 687 + + Rashad 50 + + Rau Er Au 38 + + Reshad El Bahr 51 + + Reykha 77 + + Rhimta 602 + + Rigla 87, 142 + + Rihan 30, 513, 543, 544, 701 + + Rimith 71, 524, 532, 543 + + Rotab 814 + + Rotaro 385 + + Rubaa’ (See also Raba’a). 84 + + Rubai 855 + + Rubbul 543 + + Rubeish 190 + + Rubl 298 + + Ruml 298 + + Rummān 132 + + Rutrut 385 + + Ruz 919 + + Ruz El Wadi 919 + + Saad 827 + + Saat 697 + + Sabarig 291 + + Sabungheyt 593 + + Safeira 30, 32, 291 + + Safeira El Bahr 68 + + Safra 855 + + Safra Kohia 855 + + Safsaf (See also Sofsaf.) 349 + + Saggar 42 + + Saggat 62 + + Saghlift 533 + + Sahaba 189 + + Sahai 35 + + Sakaran 612, 614, 615, 663 + + Sala’alaa 375 + + Salala 375 + + Salgam 287 + + Sallam 287 + + Sam 370 + + Samar Baladi 826 + + Samr 287, 661 + + Sangala 882 + + Sanna 269 + + Sant 287 + + Sardol 352 + + Sareh 38 + + Sarha 38 + + Sayal 287 + + Sebakh 628 + + Se’ed 827 + + Segar 652 + + Seid 826, 827 + + Seilag 189 + + Sena 306 + + Senat 164 + + Senat Ajur 164 + + Senat Tibish 164 + + Senna 269 + + Senna El Kelb 269 + + Senna El Rif 269 + + Senna Mekka 269 + + Sereira 288 + + Sesaban 268, 280, 306 + + Sesifan 35 + + Seyid 352 + + Sha’aluk 163, 169 + + Shabat Ahmar 855 + + Sha’eret El Bahayam 82 + + Shagar El Dud 38 + + Shagar El Fas 286 + + Shagar El Fil (See also Shag El Fil.) 459 + + Shagar El Muz 801 + + Shagar El Sim 229, 438 + + Shagar El Tin 352 + + Shagar El Zeraf 38 + + Shag El Fil (See also Shagar El Fil.) 440, 619 + + Sh’aibeit 34 + + Shaiir 685 + + Shaliga 224 + + Shammam 164 + + Shandaha 765 + + Shandahat 765 + + Sharoba 34 + + Shatta 610 + + Shau 367 + + Sheheit 191 + + Sheher 619 + + Sheiba 104, 107 + + Shekheit 191 + + Shelini 320 + + Shelsheleih 855 + + Shia 562 + + Shidr El Marfein 478 + + Shiltam 51 + + Shiltem 51 + + Shinemaq 142 + + Shirtem 51 + + Sholib 119 + + Shora 700 + + Shueika 669 + + Shuheit 191 + + Sibb El Ard 657 + + Sid 827 + + Siddir 372 + + Sim 438 + + Sim ahmar 438 + + Simeima 895 + + Simein 478 + + Sim El Far 612 + + Simsim 664 + + Simsim Afrit 663 + + Sinein 287 + + Singid 340 + + Sirh 38 + + Sirr El Ward 533 + + Snut 287 + + Soffar 287 + + Sofsaf (See also Safsaf.) 133 + + Sogheit 191, 478 + + Subahi 287 + + Subakh 188, 191 + + Subakh Beida 191 + + Subakh Soda 191 + + Subaraya 188 + + Sumeima 397, 895 + + Sunt 287 + + Sura 306 + + Surep 303 + + Surib 269, 306, 515 + + Surraya 37 + + Surrakh 38 + + Surreih 37, 38 + + Suteib 15 + + Suteih 202 + + Suweid 661 + + Taghal 42 + + Takirni 288, 478 + + Taktak 385 + + Taktaka 291 + + Talha 287 + + Talh Beid 287 + + Talh Hamra 287 + + Tamaleika 31 + + Tamareib (See also Tambareib.) 188 + + Tambareib (See also Tamareib.) 270 + + Tamr 814 + + Tamr El Abid 163, 199 + + Tamr El Far 130 + + Tamr El Ghanam 550 + + Tamr Hindi 275 + + Taraktarak 385 + + Taraya 343 + + Tarba (See also Terba.) 84, 244 + + Tarfa 155 + + Tartar 210 + + Tartus 24 + + Tatamba 619 + + Tauri 306 + + Tawila 291, 326 + + Tebeldi 212 + + Tebr 618 + + Teitalib 865 + + Telabun 911 + + Teleh 287 + + Tentit 899 + + Terba (See also Tarba.) 142, 244 + + Tibn 919 + + Tibr 618 + + Til 224 + + Tileitilla 35 + + Timsahiya 90 + + Tirmis 292 + + Tomatum 611 + + Torfrid 619 + + Toto 133 + + Tubbur 739 + + Tukku 199 + + Tumam 880 + + Tumareib 599 + + Tundub 34 + + Tura 497 + + Turfas 657 + + Turor 311 + + Ullaf 287 + + Ulleya 624 + + Um Ankheit 291 + + Um Asaba 908, 912 + + Um Asleila 895 + + Um Atfeir 303 + + Um Baru 218 + + Um Begheil 676 + + Um Berru 221 + + Um Boru 218 + + Um Bukheisa 33, 426 + + Umbur 218 + + Um Dareiwa 722 + + Umdi Gulgul 698 + + Um Dileidman 240 + + Um Galagel 22 + + Um Galōt 721 + + Um Gereisat 22, 619 + + Um Ghaleila 621 + + Um Ghruf 854 + + Um Girsh 288 + + Um Habeiba 44 + + Um Hagri 392 + + Um Kalol 478 + + Um Kasho 280 + + Um Katshu 269 + + Um Khalatot 199 + + Um Kheit 35 + + Um Khirr 873 + + Um Kusm 757 + + Um Lebeina 229, 460 + + Um Manakhir 602 + + Um Mushbut 756 + + Um Rashad 279 + + Um Rehaun 513 + + Um Saba 303 + + Um Shalalo 478 + + Um Shara 392 + + Um Shebiti 919 + + Um She’era 618 + + Um Shiteih 202 + + Um Shutur 662 + + Um Shweika 161 + + Um Sisi 352 + + Um Subeiba 895 + + Um Suf 844, 877 + + Um Sumain 191 + + Um Suruj 402 + + Um Takirni 288 + + Um Teleih 210 + + Um Tugg 825 + + Ushar 450 + + Wadan El Far 340 + + Wade 68 + + Wad Masnab 855 + + Wassi 161 + + Weikah 224 + + Weikat El Badeib 665 + + Yabelayus 199 + + Yau 478 + + Yeir 163 + + Yo 468 + + Yoi 362 + + Yo’oi 362 + + Yusef effendi 379 + + Za’af El Fil 757 + + Za’an Sherab Elmi 460 + + Zabata 814 + + Zaghil 543 + + Zan 329 + + Zegai 19 + + Zegain 19 + + Zeitun 428, 698 + + Zerzereih 855 + + Zinzilakh 390 + + + =HADENDOWA NAMES= + + + Abutkula 224, 771 + + Agwait 460 + + Ambarki 269 + + Ankhau 229 + + Ariai 418 + + Ariap 418 + + Arrad 287 + + Balud 720 + + Baras 450 + + Basadem 720 + + Batt 759 + + Berba’a 30 + + Berberan 30 + + Brittein 176 + + Bullas 255 + + Dabalab 362 + + Dadd’a 428 + + Dahuab 756 + + Daratniuwa 111 + + Derbake 200 + + Eigab 107, 724 + + Eil Hāsal 368 + + Einwi 899 + + Eirarib 154 + + Fanteib 352 + + Gabāt 372 + + Garrad 287 + + Gum 416 + + Hadanit 701 + + Hadembui 716 + + Hamadab 402 + + Hamashanak 608 + + Hamashindi 362 + + Hammadai 402 + + Harfifoit 65 + + Harnab 432 + + Hashuk 544 + + Heid 229 + + Hendamalawe 427 + + Humar 212 + + Hunsig 895 + + Hurgig 298 + + Kāhab 709 + + Kalando 758 + + Kaliah 709 + + Kamop 38 + + Kareib 464 + + Kāt-ut 375 + + Keirani 524 + + Koriāb 123 + + Kureit 887 + + Kwanab 569 + + Lahla 401 + + Lalai 401 + + Magok 443 + + Maniop 608 + + Mashab 889 + + Meik 366 + + Meika-is 612 + + Mūt 249 + + Nabbalam 718 + + Ogoi 267 + + Ogum 416 + + Okrit 71 + + Olei 532 + + Orhan 701 + + Osar 119 + + Ot-Hauk 678 + + Saddām 714 + + Samōp 401 + + Samōt 401 + + Sangadd 300 + + Sanganē 287 + + Sanganeip 287 + + Sarop 34 + + ’Sassud 382 + + Sēmok 352 + + Shaddeip 10 + + Shāf 191 + + Shaleib 38 + + Shashot 382 + + Sheishig 117 + + Shush 880 + + Tabar 618 + + Tagaba 372 + + Tattas 399 + + Tawar 287 + + Telgin 68 + + Termis 596 + + Tilt 352 + + Timala 908 + + Tishanu 613 + + Tokshin 911 + + Tomut 199 + + Torog 827 + + Towai 287 + + Tumbat 757 + + Tumfar 895 + + Waeila 895 + + Wakerishaq 32 + + Yam 37 + + + =RASHIDA NAMES= + + + Agam 432 + + Ardiakh 887 + + Arrad 287 + + Asham 827 + + Dambotit 229 + + Daro 189 + + Dosh 544 + + Eilab 895 + + Erka 899 + + Gamerōt 287 + + Garrad 287 + + Girgetti 362 + + Gutab 117 + + Habaleko 774 + + Haiferet 515 + + Hamalma 699 + + Hamiltob 370 + + Hedda 199 + + Igla 911 + + Kassla 372 + + Metowi 375 + + Milmilo 427 + + Riktuda 249 + + Rubel 524 + + Sakbē 287 + + Samūnat 613 + + Sasa-dim 707 + + Similul 895 + + Sita 71 + + Tahat 188 + + Tarob 191 + + Tashas 399 + + Teimer 68 + + Um Musēg 532 + + Wagri 428 + + Zeibug 32 + + + =NUBA NAMES= + + + Abelainy 287 + + All’a 269 + + Amurte 819 + + Anaba 370 + + Ando 819 + + Anjera 287 + + Aruing 199 + + Ashāshi 269 + + Ashāshini 269 + + Atete 375 + + Auri 229 + + Barto 284 + + Bāsigsi 270 + + Bokarak 210 + + Boluki 331 + + Bombor 255 + + Buggultyen 239 + + Burtūt 906 + + Bururu 33 + + Butnieid 218, 224 + + Chuwei 7 + + Dā 616 + + Dagarag 438 + + Daggāt 818 + + Dahkikak 414 + + Danufi 275 + + Dillum 368 + + Doeiri 218 + + Doghing 38 + + Dombelabai 258 + + Dullam 352 + + Dungur 368 + + Eibelainy 288 + + Eigera 199 + + Eilukwaten 111 + + Eirāl 258 + + Embeilu 689 + + Fak 212 + + Fataa 352 + + Feider 210 + + Forwek 287 + + Furfurruk 377 + + Gaggiam 818 + + Garad 287 + + Giāt 818 + + Gillia 757 + + Hada 385, 386 + + Heimor 210 + + Haggiarn 191 + + Horuri 392 + + Imgeil 229 + + Imgyen 287 + + Indenu 404 + + Indyeik 352 + + Ingyil 370 + + Jagia 229 + + Kadawdo 270 + + Kailkail 306 + + Kaitelang 269 + + Kalialmo 287 + + Kamre 34 + + Kandia 287 + + Kandimuwindi 722 + + Kangaru 352 + + Kari 220 + + Kariai 819 + + Karii 199, 661 + + Karso 191 + + Kateing 8 + + Kaurdak 352 + + Kaurok 450 + + Kawkawl 22 + + Kāwtāw 287 + + Kentii 306 + + Kētīer 284 + + Kharif 388 + + Kindal 199 + + Kindamoi 205 + + Kirbi 386 + + Kirīd 189 + + Kirkongaw 270 + + Kishawiyi 212 + + Klieh 33 + + Kluruf 698 + + Kōi 404 + + Kokoro 224 + + Kolwakai 35 + + Koptunindeir 722 + + Korak 382 + + Kotundurak 413 + + Kotwang 188 + + Kuam 199 + + Kuashi 275 + + Kubdi 34 + + Kubuy 270 + + Kuguli 599 + + Kui 190 + + Kuii 599 + + Kulowi 210 + + Kuluwei 402 + + Kung 342 + + Kuri 382 + + Kurinyil 397 + + Kuruwang 352 + + Kuruwi 497 + + Kusi 191 + + Kussi 287 + + Kwae 191 + + Kwaii 372 + + Kwakelang 599 + + Kwar 284, 418 + + Kwarnyāl 701 + + Kweinde 224 + + Kweile 287 + + Kweyi 352 + + Lagi 385 + + Lambūri 450 + + Levii 364 + + Luæ 618 + + Luī 199, 925 + + Ma 287 + + Madimu 698 + + Magal 480 + + Main 287 + + Maintu 478 + + Mansallo 212 + + Marte 191 + + M’bra 188 + + Me 287 + + Meirten 362 + + Meremeret 397 + + Mindigīri 191 + + Minkigili 288 + + Muarta 34 + + Munli 818 + + Nagan 287 + + Najikar 226 + + Naliak 757 + + Nalti 368 + + Narura 758 + + Narurai 438 + + N’darabwa 413 + + N’daru 191 + + N’dmusso 382 + + N’dula 661 + + N’guhin 352 + + N’gwani 352 + + Nihing 352 + + Nimardak 240 + + Ogūn 450 + + Ora 212 + + Orbol 288 + + Orūm 342 + + Pankaja 287 + + Pwa 255 + + Rīs 229 + + Rrek 352 + + Rruk 757 + + Rūt 478 + + Shaleih 287 + + Shaleih-Wiwi 287 + + Shangye 430 + + Sheiala 352 + + Shekere 275 + + Shimeil 34 + + Shireih 865 + + Shirgi 189 + + Shūm 418 + + Shumti 329 + + Sirtu 287 + + Suk 288 + + Sukosuko 663 + + Tal 352, 925 + + Tambui 331 + + Tamuru 189 + + Tarme 614 + + Tarwara 270 + + Teide 515 + + Teili 287 + + Teterling 661 + + Tidogi 698 + + Timla 662 + + Timleirruk 497 + + Tindure 368 + + Tingāligāli 352 + + Tingra 372 + + Tintukuki 426 + + Tinturing 478 + + Tira 382 + + Tirigo 287 + + Tirling 35 + + Tittawyi 372 + + Tuberli 212 + + Tudu 618 + + Tùlung 397 + + Tumbu 38, 199 + + Tumu 438 + + Tūr 697 + + Tūt 287 + + Ubūn 450 + + Ulgyin 375 + + Umdamun 478 + + Ungus 287 + + Urād 287 + + Urūm 287 + + Zān 599 + + + =DINKA NAMES= + + + Abangiur 375 + + Abban 34 + + Addit 311 + + Adelfur 693 + + Adīt 311 + + Adong 480 + + Afat 618 + + Afiat (See also Apiat.) 38 + + Afinin 432 + + Afor 199 + + Afwār 199 + + Agadiang 256 + + Aganama 602 + + Aghei 478 + + Agowyak-Wyak 367 + + Ajoak 873 + + Akaki 31 + + Akam 877 + + Akamil 404 + + Akia 30, 297 + + Akieira 515 + + Akiul 367 + + Akog 599 + + Akoit 599 + + Akon 279, 461 + + Akosh 599 + + Akuwat 362 + + Alabu 919 + + Alas 227 + + Aldukoi 148 + + Allok 882 + + Allwi 287 + + Alonkoy 401 + + Alume 684 + + Amagak 579 + + Ammal 105 + + Ammet 189 + + Anan 287 + + Aneit 37, 38 + + Angoto 468 + + Anyain 61 + + Apet 164 + + Apiat 230 + + Apinrot 8 + + Apor 199 + + Areng 375 + + Arnīk 375 + + Arur 892 + + Ashenon 460 + + Ashwal 367 + + Ashwel 367 + + Atendit 199 + + Atīl 669 + + Atitāk 608 + + Atīydok 287 + + Ban 34 + + Belin 274 + + Bende 288 + + Bī 287 + + Bindi 283 + + Birr 435 + + Biut 33 + + Bol 229 + + Borid 34 + + Bual 229 + + Bulakolin 375 + + But 37, 756 + + Chiandak 287 + + Chiandok 287 + + Chuwalageir 135 + + Dai 652 + + Daritar 381, 470 + + Daung 480 + + Diagne 291 + + Digdig 343 + + Ditaak 608 + + Dong 480 + + Dungwol 212 + + Donjijuak 348 + + Dunk 480 + + Erianga 272 + + Errit 342 + + Fiit 287 + + Fiok 188 + + Fog 35 + + Fomah 224 + + Gadiang 256 + + Galanva 515 + + Getaki 81 + + Ghanem 244 + + Gniōr 229 + + Goak 191 + + Godobo 396 + + Grename 326 + + Gudi 276 + + Gunkeit 199 + + Hrerva 550 + + Jier 282 + + Kai 33 + + Kait 33, 599 + + Kam 877 + + Kara 618 + + Kat 33 + + Kem 199 + + Ki 284 + + Kiar 269 + + Kiat 599 + + Kīr 284 + + Kit 33 + + Kiungwan 369 + + Knār 459 + + Koba 272 + + Kog 33, 37, 287 + + Konaiyer 287 + + Kongoggoi 661 + + Konink 698 + + Konyai 287 + + Kuru 278 + + Kuum 479 + + Kwel 352 + + Kwuil 367 + + Lag 352 + + Lakshuai 61 + + Lānf 372 + + Lang 372 + + Lant 372 + + Lefir 22 + + Linga 188 + + Lo 300 + + Lom 86 + + Lublub 199 + + Lung 133 + + Madiab-diab 257 + + Mana 430 + + Melat 368 + + Mella 181 + + Milloa 288 + + Nagap 352 + + Narah 287 + + Neit 37 + + N’gab 352 + + Nguassa 283 + + Nianlalwel 420 + + Niat 819 + + Niok 781 + + Nua 901 + + Nūr 865 + + Odiloh 430 + + Pai 270 + + Pait 287 + + Paj 270 + + Phuk 188 + + Phut 394 + + Poik 394 + + Rak 419 + + Ratt 287 + + Rāwar 662 + + Red 342 + + Rēt 342 + + Riang 273 + + Riat 34 + + Rīt 342 + + Rur 892 + + Ruwāl 662 + + Shanda 274 + + Shat 599 + + Shat-Akog 599 + + Shīr 284 + + Shom 417, 418 + + Showi 275 + + Shwai 275 + + Shwayai 275 + + Siap 288 + + Taam 819 + + Tab 616 + + Tabbo 616 + + Tanga 178 + + Tar 757 + + Tau 382 + + Tchuwoi 275 + + Teb 142 + + Tep 287 + + Thiepagok (See also Tipagok.) 278 + + Til 669 + + Till 685 + + Tip 287 + + Tīpagok (See also Thiepagok.) 287 + + Tit 393 + + Tonyangwi 794 + + Tu 382 + + Tuk 818 + + Wor 311 + + Wuliado 661 + + Yolovan 908 + + + =JUR NAMES= + + + Abdalour 164 + + Adit 352 + + Adot 352 + + Adwang 480 + + Akalakwala 148 + + Akan 236 + + Akanja 480 + + Akatagan 288 + + Akit 147 + + Aknalkuala 401 + + Akos 381, 470 + + Akuti 276 + + Alema 368 + + Amau 370 + + Ambalu 8 + + Apwamah 430 + + Aray 35 + + Ariengo 329 + + Atilob 430 + + Bei 273 + + Biama 468 + + Bindi 283 + + Birkwa 478 + + Denya 420 + + Dera 191 + + Digdig 343 + + Fiok 188 + + Gari 352 + + Kadol 282 + + Kamutwen 794 + + Koba 272 + + Kolu 278 + + Kudul 156 + + Kula 182 + + Kuloh 182 + + Kwaya 352 + + Nianlalwel 420 + + Nwana 279 + + Okil 269 + + Paj 270 + + Payo 352 + + Phut 394 + + Poh 188 + + Rak 419 + + Rīt 342 + + Shanda 274 + + Showi 275 + + Tanga 178 + + Tau 382 + + Tido 393 + + Tiro 393 + + Toi 757 + + Toiro 757 + + Tuk 818 + + Ungono 34 + + Winga 4 + + Yalah 698 + + Yau 419 + + Yiad 375 + + + =GOLO NAMES= + + + Abro 36 + + Agua 182 + + Agud 182 + + Akka 272 + + Aklimbo 480 + + Alimu 368 + + Arub 275 + + Atoka 35 + + Attab 789 + + Baa 419 + + Bafi 8 + + Bak 419 + + Bakango 284 + + Bak-Bele 38 + + Bamburti 199 + + Bangi 278, 435 + + Bei 278, 420 + + Bejugolo 5 + + Bekili 288 + + Bele 393 + + Bembu 191 + + Bende 288 + + Bī 420 + + Bih 430 + + Bili 381 + + Binda 274 + + Biri 288 + + Bishi 283 + + Bokango 342 + + Boli 348 + + Bologu 426 + + Boyeh 269 + + Bu 274 + + Bururu 139 + + Butrungu 515 + + Chii 480, 756 + + Chinya 348 + + Choko 661 + + Chumu 418 + + Da 210 + + Dalade 756 + + Dalanze 818 + + Dele 375 + + Dere 20 + + Dileh 756 + + Du 8 + + Dungdung 404 + + Dungo 430 + + Ebanos 342 + + Euwi 199 + + Fiawe 188 + + Fungu 352 + + Gafa 662 + + Gafele 269 + + Gana 343 + + Gara 236 + + Gasse 352 + + Gumberti 394 + + Gumboto 362 + + Iji 282 + + Inji 282 + + Inzi 230 + + Irdoko 420 + + Ivi 430 + + Jekoro 336 + + Ji 282 + + Ka 272 + + Kandi 210 + + Kela 352 + + Klanda 402 + + Kofo 279 + + Koh 431 + + Korongo 182 + + Koropongo 238 + + Krupu 368 + + Kuvu 352 + + Kwange 236 + + Kwiella 270 + + Langabo 787 + + Loigo 276 + + Loyo 276 + + Lu 279 + + Mana 191 + + Manga-manga 34 + + M’ba 189 + + M’banda 5 + + M’banga 346 + + M’base 286 + + M’bili 381, 470 + + M’bolo 276, 343 + + M’bosso 283 + + Merekoti 375 + + M’komve 364 + + M’na 191 + + Mporo 276 + + Mundongo 479 + + N’dala 430 + + N’du 8, 466 + + N’du-N’du 402 + + N’dungo 468 + + Nu 8 + + Oro 698 + + Ou 788 + + Palanjeke 498 + + Pelle 432 + + Pighadi 426 + + Pili 420 + + Po 273 + + Poro 5 + + Rivia 419 + + Rupu 368 + + Sabrongo 392 + + Sekia 377 + + Shomu 417, 418 + + Singa 189 + + Sioro 188 + + Sorongo 382 + + Tepelu 191 + + Tina 348 + + Tindi 432 + + Tiri 381, 470 + + To 188 + + Ulu 279 + + Ulumba 199 + + Uru 291 + + Usin 270 + + Vanga 430 + + Vulasin 401 + + Wassa 275 + + Wungo 352 + + Yagomo 325 + + Yamala 479 + + Yukdashi 234 + + Zebalaba 369 + + Zili 394 + + + =BARI NAMES= + + + Bakka 258 + + Bakungi 229 + + Basha 275 + + Bogweh 191 + + Budu 38 + + Chawdaw 599 + + Daya 36 + + Dikeri Timallo 109 + + Dufiti 480 + + Faiti 342 + + Fik 377 + + Fufumi 229 + + Funiti 342 + + Gagali 756 + + Injir 818 + + Kadofi 287 + + Kafito 38 + + Kayu 369 + + Keir 819 + + Kelisho 352 + + Kīr 393 + + Kireilli 383 + + Kitteh 275 + + Kubuli 662 + + Kukati 287 + + Kuluji 478 + + Kumi 418 + + Kurreh 367 + + Lakbur 224 + + Lakudi 344 + + Lallok 382 + + Lamraga 109 + + Langi 372 + + Lelinga 19 + + Lodoreh 375 + + Loring 156 + + Lufari 367 + + Lujurut 661 + + Lukati 372 + + Lulumeh 34 + + Lumili 382 + + Mandomi 288 + + Mat 404 + + Mit 287 + + Mojungi 375 + + Mutu 287 + + Niada 37 + + Nieteh 38 + + Owi 600 + + Patta 275 + + Poffeh 270 + + Pukuli 287 + + Rega 191 + + Riadi 34 + + Rileh 284 + + Rufi 404 + + Shadashu 599 + + Sirkuka 432 + + Surreh 362 + + Tarasho 618 + + Teleleh 608 + + Tifta 33 + + Tunusho 819 + + Yakadi 601 + + + =HAMEG NAMES= + + + Agaili 33 + + Allanfa 404 + + Angaloa 199 + + Antamana-wanshu 199 + + Arakh 352 + + Arbit 284 + + Argada 191 + + Bagu 287 + + Baidi 199 + + Banjam 599 + + Bazi 191 + + Bibi 368 + + Bizu 599 + + Busa 372 + + Damfulan 386 + + Derder 205 + + Deza 280 + + Eru 155 + + Garandak-Meshirg-edin 287 + + Ghot 372 + + Gora 819 + + Gulgula 385 + + Hollola 255 + + Immirora 343 + + Karan 224 + + Kha 382 + + Khai 189 + + Kora 270 + + Kowa 402 + + Kurmuz 199 + + Malat 275 + + Mali 239 + + Medera 925 + + Mela 287 + + Merish 375 + + Merzis 682 + + Mosaghani 286 + + Muggal 270 + + Nensha 352 + + Oba 352 + + Odu 287 + + Omfa 210 + + Omkursan 372 + + Runda 480 + + Shebil 287 + + Shugeit 515 + + Shunshumut 255 + + Tari 342 + + Tharat 352 + + Tishu 392 + + Uffa 212 + + Um-Flogoru 269 + + Uru 349 + + + =NUER NAMES= + + + Bam 287 + + Bara 224 + + Bell 855 + + Bul Gwath 315 + + Bull 229 + + Bwau 372 + + Dang 270 + + Daya 819 + + Deb 35 + + Deuganai 375 + + Daub 172 + + Fap 255 + + Fath 801 + + Fiath 382 + + Gel 342 + + Gok 191 + + Kaich 33 + + Kam 199 + + Kof 739 + + Kuar 275 + + Kurr 892 + + Kürwai 117 + + Kusha 212 + + Kuz 877 + + Kwät 275 + + Kwil 367 + + Kwir 892 + + Kwoich 362 + + Lao 468 + + Lau 925 + + Lēl 819 + + Luēl 662 + + Lûôr 287 + + Lurr 342 + + Maintaf 840 + + Mêt 189 + + Nak 662 + + Nap 352 + + Ngêiny 865 + + Ngof 352 + + Ngwaïn 270 + + Ngwēr 287 + + Niot 599 + + Nium 664 + + Nurr 818 + + Nyuat 599 + + Pau 367 + + Riëk 419 + + Rir 394 + + Rur 311 + + Tau 382 + + Ted 224 + + Tef 287 + + Teib 287 + + Tiit 38 + + Tol 616 + + Twâl 15 + + Tyef 311 + + Wigar 886 + + Yell 827 + + + =SHILLUK NAMES= + + + Abertgh 164 + + Abudeh 33 + + Adhwag 287 + + Afiad 287 + + Age 461 + + Agwar 288 + + Alabu 919 + + Allad 287 + + Aroa 901 + + Ashar 287 + + Awolam 352 + + But 34 + + Delpa 693 + + Gag 212 + + Goi 599 + + Kayu 819 + + Kilutum 105 + + Kiroh 284 + + Lāng 372 + + Nangot 34 + + Niarud 287 + + Nun 841 + + Obailoh 367 + + Ofadoh 199 + + Shwah 275 + + Tiap 287 + + Tu 382 + + + =BURUN NAMES= + + + Boadun 191 + + Bimya 288 + + Bul 212 + + Bun 38 + + Dig 478 + + Digra 282 + + Dili 199 + + Dilman 199 + + Foicha 270 + + Funna 661 + + Giuom 342 + + Kabti 404 + + Kafa 269 + + Kelaiin 199 + + Kitchun 284 + + Kilko 394 + + Leng 287 + + Mell 685 + + Mienna 417 + + Munda 375 + + Taang 819 + + Tianka 756 + + Tilla 284, 402 + + Toan 382 + + Towollo 386 + + Yenno 275 + + Yin 189 + + + =BONGO NAMES= + + + Airi 282 + + Bakwa 332 + + Gall 282 + + Gare 236 + + Gere 236 + + Gier 282, 283 + + Gurfa 188 + + Kakob 229 + + Kahili 394 + + Kawbaw 272 + + Kela 274 + + Kholo 291 + + Kindi 713 + + Koar 419 + + Kobbo 271 + + Koell 911 + + Kolome 418 + + Kor 419 + + Kori 419 + + Kubo 352 + + Kuga-Tabba 88 + + Kugo 480 + + Lebbe 346 + + Maha 275 + + Makpara 772 + + Malagutu 276 + + Mamele-ba 480 + + Mashir 616 + + Masisi 269 + + M’balim 288 + + M’banga 346 + + Munoh 430 + + M’volo 368 + + Ngeleh 430 + + Ru 279 + + Siringa 189 + + Tabba 616 + + Tirma 343 + + + =ZANDE NAMES= + + + Abagpa 332 + + Abanza 275 + + Abongba 279 + + Aduraka 25 + + Akori 797 + + Ambiria 618 + + Awirki 291 + + Babwa 245 + + Bagbodi 236 + + Bakaipur 188 + + Bakiwe 479 + + Bambe 618 + + Banga 189 + + Bangribakake 329 + + Barakuri 756 + + Barandoka 779 + + Baranga 757 + + Barisango 661 + + Bazambe 618 + + Baze 191 + + Bazmangi 245 + + Bedigawa 801 + + Bianga 480 + + Bingba 853 + + Bira 801 + + Blippo 478 + + Bodumoh 827 + + Bofufa 529 + + Boggumboli 801 + + Bogora 8 + + Bogu 393 + + Boo 801 + + Bovotode 274 + + Bunga 255 + + Daglie 287 + + Dagpa 270 + + Damma 466 + + Ditira 172 + + Doma 466 + + Garo 278 + + Gundeh 616 + + Inge 282 + + Irrik 278 + + Jiango 679 + + Kawkaw 855 + + Kinge 814 + + Kiski 375 + + Kofokofo 468 + + Kolome 418 + + Kopa 330 + + Kukuroku 211 + + Kure 311 + + Manzi 744 + + Maro 911 + + Maydok 779 + + M’badi 435 + + M’begge 480 + + M’buru 210 + + Mere 779 + + Metemboa 205 + + Monu 911 + + Morambida 202 + + Murie Paï 1 + + N’ganzi 925 + + N’ganziduper 892 + + Nomba 224 + + Nonga 797 + + Nyti 779 + + N’zangarne 288 + + Nzeebee 224 + + N’zummunia 394 + + Okwa 818 + + Pangbaduper 739 + + Pawe 273 + + Pipi 175 + + Podo 816 + + Poigo 199 + + Popogi 432 + + Popuki 892 + + Popwa 205 + + Purpur 205 + + Ramu 227 + + Rangbarangbo 662 + + Raria 610 + + Ratu 269 + + Rindichwe 432 + + Rokko 352 + + Roko 227 + + Rungaime 15 + + Sanambiri 182 + + Sarah 664 + + Tingitingi 801 + + Vunde 855 + + Vurra 287 + + Wande 315 + + Weeda 402 + + Zangare 282 + + Zawa 178 + + Zidi 344 + + + =KREJ NAMES= + + + Durar 283 + + Juyo 608 + + Kotto 1 + + Koyo 352 + + Nzerahna 331 + + Sussi 430 + + Tu 652 + + Wawa 430 + + + =INDOGO NAMES= + + + Bih 430 + + Koh 431 + + Kotto 1 + + + =TUKU-TUKU NAMES= + + + Dawa Na Samaki (See Arabic Names.) 181 + + + =KALIKO NAMES= + + + Doro 350 + + Kapah 231 + + + =MAKRAKA NAMES= + + + Kawa 196 + + + INDEX TO GENERIC NAMES. + + + SERIAL NO. + + Abrus 325 + + Abutilon 218 + + Acacia 287 + + Acalypha 249 + + Acanthus 677 + + Achyranthes 111 + + Achyrocline 535 + + Acrocephalus 703 + + Acroceras 878 + + Acrospira 763 + + Adansonia 212 + + Adenia 156 + + Adenium 438 + + Adenodolichos 338 + + Adenopus 159 + + Adenostemma 518 + + Adina 467 + + Æluropus 922 + + Æolanthus 711 + + Ærva 107 + + Æschynomene 312 + + Afrormosia 346 + + _Afzelia_ _273_ + + Agelæa 406 + + Ageratum 519 + + Aizoon 85 + + Ajuga 725 + + Albizzia 288 + + Albuca 770 + + Alchornea 251 + + Alectra 650 + + Alhagi 310 + + Alisma 726 + + Allium 767 + + Alloteropsis 871 + + Aloe 758 + + _Alsodeia_ _56_ + + Alstonia 435 + + Alternanthera 113 + + Alysicarpus 320 + + Amanoa 232 + + Amaralia 481 + + Amaranthus 106 + + Amblygonocarpus 283 + + Ambrosia 546 + + Ammannia 130 + + Amomum 797 + + Amorphophallus 742 + + Ampelocissus 374 + + Amphilophis 860 + + Anagallis 593 + + Anastatica 43 + + Anchomanes 743 + + Ancistrophyllum 817 + + Andira 345 + + Andrachne 233 + + Andropogon 864 + + Aneilema 782 + + Angræcum 807 + + Anisopappus 545 + + Anogeissus 189 + + Anona 8 + + Anthephora 885 + + Anthericum 764 + + Antherotoma 185 + + Anthocleista 425 + + Anthospermum 475 + + Antiaris 353 + + Anticharis 631 + + Antidesma 234 + + Antirrhinum 636 + + Aponogeton 734 + + Aporrhiza 398 + + Aptosimum 630 + + Arachis 315 + + Arenaria 74 + + Argemone 27 + + Argyrolobium 293 + + Aristida 895 + + Aristolochia 22, _23_ + + Arnebia 606 + + Arthraxon 859 + + Arthrocnemum 100 + + Arthrosolen 140 + + Asclepias 452 + + Ascolepis 835 + + Asparagus 756 + + Asphodelus 760 + + Aspilia 553 + + Astragalus 307 + + Astrochlæna 621 + + Asystasia 681 + + Atriplex 97 + + Avena 890 + + Avicennia 700 + + Azadirachta 389 + + Balanites 382 + + Barleria 678 + + Basella 114 + + Bauhinia 270 + + Becium 706 + + Belmontia 586 + + Bergia 71 + + Berkheya 568 + + Berlinia 272 + + Bidens 560 + + Biophytum 125 + + Biserula 302 + + Bixa 146 + + Blæria 415 + + Blainvillea 552 + + Blepharis 676 + + Blumea 529 + + Boehmeria 357 + + Boerhaavia 142 + + Bonatea 812 + + Bootia 750 + + Borassus 818 + + Boscia 35 + + Boswellia 385 + + Bouchea 692 + + Brachiaria 873 + + Brachycorythis 811 + + Brachystelma 462 + + Bridelia 230 + + Bromus 923 + + Bruguiera 193 + + Bryonopsis 165 + + Bryophyllum 64 + + Buchnera 651 + + Bulbine 761 + + Bulbostylis 831 + + Burkea 277 + + Burnatia 731 + + Butomopsis 733 + + Butyrospermum 419 + + Byrsocarpus 405 + + Cadaba 37 + + Cadalvena 795 + + Cæsalpinia 266 + + Cajanus 339 + + Calamus 816 + + Caldenia 727 + + Caloncoba 149 + + Calonyction 620 + + Calotropis 450 + + Campanula 585 + + Canarium 387 + + Canavalia 331 + + Cannabis 361 + + Canscora 589 + + Canthium 490 + + Caperonia 243 + + Capparis 34 + + Capsicum 610 + + Caralluma 464 + + Cardiospermum 396 + + Carica 175 + + Carissa 432 + + Carthamus 571 + + Casearia 152 + + Cassia 269 + + Caylusea 57 + + Ceiba 213 + + Celosia 104 + + Celtis 258 + + Cenchrus 887 + + Centaurea 570 + + Cephaëlis 504 + + Cephalandra 173 + + Cephalocroton 246 + + Cerastium 73 + + Ceratophyllum 14 + + Ceratotheca 665 + + Ceropegia 461 + + Ceruana 525 + + Chætacme 260 + + Chasmanthera 18 + + Chasmopodium 851 + + Chenopodium 96 + + Chloris 908 + + Chlorophora 350 + + Chlorophytum 765 + + Christiana 198 + + Chrozophora 244 + + Chrysanthellum 561 + + Chrysopogon 857 + + Cicer 321 + + Cienfuegosia 225 + + Cissampelos 20 + + Cissus 275 + + Cistanche 657 + + Citrullus 172 + + Citrus 379 + + Clausena 378 + + Clematis 10 + + Clematopsis 11 + + Cleome 30 + + Clerodendron 699 + + Clinogyne 799 + + Clitandra 431 + + Clitoria 326 + + Cnestis 407 + + Cocculus 19 + + Cochlospermum 147 + + Coelachyrum 910 + + Coffea 499 + + Coldenia 601 + + Cola 211 + + Coleus 709 + + Colocasia 744 + + Combretum 191 + + Cometes 93 + + Commelina 781 + + Commiphora 386 + + Conopharyngia 437 + + Convolvulus 624 + + Conyza 528 + + Corallocarpus 170 + + Corchorus 202 + + Cordia 599 + + Cordyla 348 + + Coreopsis 559 + + Coriandrum 414 + + Cornulaca 103 + + Corymbis 808 + + Costus 796 + + Cotula 562 + + Courbonia 36 + + Cratæva 33 + + Craterispermum 496 + + Craterostigma 644 + + Cremaspora 488 + + Crepis 576 + + Cressa 628 + + Crinum 787 + + Crossandra 680 + + Crossopteryx 470 + + Crotalaria 291 + + Croton 240 + + Cryptolepis 439 + + Ctenium 909 + + Ctenolepis 171 + + Cucumis 164 + + Cucurbita 174 + + Culcasia 745 + + Curculigo 786 + + Cuscuta 629 + + Cyamopsis 299 + + Cyanotis 783 + + Cyathula 108 + + _Cyclostemon_ _237_ + + Cycnium 654 + + Cymbopogon 865 + + Cymodocea 737 + + Cynanchum 454 + + Cynodon 906 + + Cynoglossum 604 + + Cyperus 827 + + Dactyloctenium 912 + + Dæmia 457 + + Dalbergia 342 + + Dalechampia 256 + + Daniellia 274 + + Danthonia 891 + + Dasystachys 766 + + Datura 614 + + Desmodium 317 + + Desmonema 17 + + Desmostachya 900 + + Detarium 276 + + Dichanthium 861 + + Dichapetalum 265 + + Dichondra 627 + + Dichrocephala 523 + + Dichrostachys 284 + + Dicliptera 687 + + Dicoma 572 + + Dicranolepis 141 + + Diectomis 863 + + Digera 105 + + Digitaria 870 + + Dinebra 913 + + Diodia 505 + + Dioscorea 779 + + Diospyros 418 + + Dipcadi 768 + + Diplachne 902 + + Diplacrum 838 + + Diplolophium 410 + + Diplotaxis 46 + + Dipterygium 32 + + Dissotis 186 + + Dobera 366 + + Dodonæa 399 + + Dolichos 336 + + Dombeya 205 + + Dopatrium 642 + + Dorstenia 351 + + Dracæna 759 + + Drimia 769 + + Drosera 69 + + Drypetes 237 + + Duranta 696 + + Dyschoriste 670 + + Ecbolium 686 + + Echidnopsis 463 + + Echinochilon 605 + + Echinochloa 877 + + Echinodorus 730 + + Echinops 569 + + Echium 607 + + Eclipta 550 + + Ehretia 600 + + Eichornia 775 + + Ekebergia 391 + + Elæis 821 + + Elæodendron 363 + + Eleocharis 829 + + Elephantopus 517 + + Eleusine 911 + + Elyonurus 848 + + Elytraria 667 + + Elytrophorus 921 + + Embelia 422 + + Emilia 564 + + Enarthrocarpus 51 + + Encephalartos 1 + + Englerastrum 710 + + Enhydra 549 + + Enicostema 588 + + Enneapogon 917 + + Entada 280 + + Enteropogon 907 + + Epaltes 532 + + Ephedra 2 + + Epilobium 136 + + Eragrostis 901 + + Eranthemum 682 + + Eremopogon 858 + + Eriocaulon 823 + + Eriochloa 872 + + _Eriodendron_ _213_ + + Eriosema 341 + + Eriospermum 762 + + Eriospora 839 + + Erlangea 514 + + Erodium 123 + + Eruca 47 + + Erythrina 329 + + Erythrococca 247 + + Erythrophlæum 278 + + Ethulia 513 + + Euclea 416 + + Eulophia 804 + + Eupatorium 520 + + Euphorbia 229 + + Eureiandra 162 + + Evolvulus 625 + + Fadogia 494 + + Fagonia 119 + + Faroa 587 + + Farsetia 44 + + Felicia 526 + + Feretia 484 + + Ficus 352 + + Fimbristylis 830 + + Flacourtia 151 + + Fleurya 355 + + Floscopa 784 + + Fluggea 239 + + Fœniculum 411 + + Forskohlea 360 + + Frankenia 154 + + Fuirena 833 + + Fumaria 28 + + Gaillonia 506 + + Galium 511 + + Garcinia 197 + + Gardenia 480 + + Geigeria 544 + + Geophila 503 + + Geranium 122 + + Gerbera 574 + + Gisekia 82 + + Gladiolus 792 + + Glinus 81 + + Gloriosa 774 + + Glossonema 446 + + Glycine 327 + + Glycyrrhiza 308 + + Glyphæa 203 + + Gnaphalium 536 + + Gnidia 138 + + _Gomphia_ _197_ + + Gossypium 227 + + Grangea 524 + + Grewia 199 + + Guettarda 486 + + Guiera 190 + + Guizotia 558 + + Gymnema 458 + + Gymnosporia 362 + + Gynandropsis 31 + + Gynura 563 + + Habenaria 810 + + Hæmanthus 788 + + Halopeplis 99 + + Halophila 752 + + Hannoa 380 + + Haronga 196 + + Harrisonia 383 + + Heleochloa 893 + + Heliotropium 602 + + Helichrysum 537 + + _Helmia_ _779_ + + Helminthocarpum 301 + + Hemigraphis 675 + + Hermannia 208 + + Herminiera 311 + + Heterachæna 578 + + Heteranthera 776 + + Heteropogon 868 + + Hexalobus 5 + + Hibiscus 224 + + Hippocratea 364 + + Hochstetteria 573 + + Homalium 153 + + Honckenya 201 + + Hoslundia 707 + + Huernia 465 + + Hugonia 116 + + Hybanthus 55 + + Hydnora 24 + + Hydrilla 746 + + Hydrocotyle 408 + + Hydrolea 598 + + Hygrophila 669 + + Hymenocardia 236 + + Hymenodictyon 469 + + Hyoscyamus 615 + + Hyparrhenia 866 + + Hypericum 194 + + Hyphæne 819 + + Hypoestes 689 + + Hypoxis 785 + + Hyptis 713 + + Ilysanthes 647 + + Impatiens 126 + + Imperata 853 + + Indigofera 300 + + Inula 539 + + _Ionidium_ _55_ + + Iphiona 540 + + Ipomœa 618 + + Irvingia 381 + + Ischæmum 841 + + Isoberlinia 271 + + Ixora 497 + + Jacquemontia 623 + + Jardinea 845 + + Jasminum 427 + + Jatropha 241 + + Juncellus 826 + + Jussieua 133 + + Justicia 684 + + Kæmpferia 794 + + Kalanchoe 65 + + Kanahia 451 + + Kedrostis 169 + + Khaya 393 + + Kigelia 662 + + Klainedoxa 384 + + Kochia 98 + + Kosteletzkya 222 + + Kyllinga 824 + + Lactuca 577 + + Lagarosiphon 747 + + Lagenaria 160 + + Laggera 530 + + Landolphia 430 + + Lantana 690 + + Lapeyrousia 790 + + Lasiosiphon 139 + + Lasiurus 847 + + Lathyrus 324 + + Latipes 897 + + Laurembergia 137 + + Lawsonia 131 + + Lavandula 714 + + Leersia 920 + + Lemna 753 + + Lens 323 + + Leonitis 722 + + Lepidagathis 683 + + Lepidium 49 + + Lepidoturus 250 + + Lepistemon 622 + + Leptadenia 460 + + Leptochloa 903 + + Leptonychia 209 + + Leucas 721 + + Leysera 538 + + Lightfootia 582 + + Limeum 84 + + Limnanthemum 591 + + Limnophila 640 + + Limnophyton 728 + + Linaria 633 + + Lindenbergia 638 + + Lindernia 646 + + Lindukeria 150 + + Linociera 429 + + Linum 115 + + Lipocarpha 834 + + Lippia 691 + + Lissochilus 805 + + Lobelia 581 + + Lonchocarpus 344 + + Lophira 178 + + Lophotocarpus 729 + + Loranthus 370 + + Lotononis 289 + + Lotus 297 + + Ludwigia 134 + + Luffa 161 + + Lupinus 292 + + Lycium 613 + + Lycopersicum 611 + + Maba 417 + + Macaranga 254 + + Macrosphyra 482 + + Mærua 38 + + Mæsa 421 + + Mæsobotrya 235 + + Mæsopsis 373 + + Malachra 219 + + Mallotus 253 + + Malva 214 + + Malvastrum 215 + + Mangifera 400 + + Manihot 245 + + Manisuris 846 + + Manniophyton 242 + + Margaretta 453 + + Mariscus 828 + + Marsdenia 459 + + Matthiola 40 + + Medemia 820 + + Medicago 295 + + Megabaria 231 + + Megaclinium 803 + + Meiocarpidium 4 + + Melanthera 555 + + Melhania 204 + + Melia 390 + + Melinis 884 + + Melochia 206 + + Melothria 168 + + Mentha 715 + + Merremia 619 + + Meyna 492 + + Micrargeria 656 + + Microchloa 905 + + Micrococca 248 + + Microglossa 527 + + Micromeria 716 + + Microstylis 802 + + Microtrichia 522 + + Mikania 521 + + Milletia 305 + + Mimosa 286 + + Mimulus 643 + + Mimusops 420 + + Mitracarpum 509 + + Mitragyne 468 + + Mohlana 94 + + _Molium_ _767_ + + Mollugo 80 + + Momordica 163 + + Monechma 685 + + Moniera 641 + + Monochoria 777 + + Monocymbium 867 + + Monodora 9 + + Monotes 181 + + Monsonia 121 + + Morelia 479 + + Morettia 42 + + Morinda 501 + + Moringa 39 + + Moschosma 704 + + Mostuea 423 + + Mucuna 330 + + Mukia 166 + + Mundulea 304 + + Musa 801 + + Mussænda 474 + + Naias 736 + + Nasturtium 41 + + Nelsonia 668 + + Neoboutonia 252 + + Nepeta 718 + + Neptunia 285 + + Nervilia 809 + + Nesæa 129 + + Neuracanthus 679 + + Neurada 264 + + Neurotheca 590 + + Nicotiana 616 + + Nigella 13 + + Notonia 565 + + Nuxia 424 + + Nymphæa 15 + + Ochna 177 + + Ochradenus 60 + + Ocimum 701, _706_ + + Octodon 508 + + Odina 402 + + Oldenlandia 473 + + Olea 428 + + Oligomeris 59 + + Olyra 924 + + Omphalogonus 442 + + Oncoba 148 + + Ophiurus 850 + + Opilia 369 + + Oplismenus 879 + + Opuntia 176 + + Ornithogalum 773 + + Orobanche 658 + + Orthosiphon 705 + + Orygia 79 + + Oryza 919 + + Osbeckia 184, _186_ + + Otomeria 472 + + Otostegia 720 + + Ottelia 749 + + Ouratea 179 + + Oxalis 124 + + Oxyanthus 483 + + Oxygonum 89 + + Oxystelma 448 + + Oxytenanthera 925 + + Pahudia 273 + + Palisota 780 + + Pancratium 789 + + Pandanus 822 + + Pandiaka 112 + + Panicum 880 + + Pararistolochia 23 + + Parietaria 358 + + Parinarium 262 + + Parkia 279 + + Parkinsonia 268 + + Paronychia 92 + + Paspalidium 875 + + Paspalum 874 + + Paullinia 395 + + Paulo-Wilhelmia 672 + + Pavetta 498 + + Pavonia 221 + + Pegolettia 541 + + Pennisetum 886 + + Pentanisia 487 + + Pentas 471 + + Pentatropis 456 + + Peperomia 26 + + Peponia 157 + + Periploca 443 + + Peristrophe 688 + + Perotis 898 + + Peucedanum 413 + + Phagnalon 534 + + Phaseolus 332 + + Phaylopsis 673 + + Phœnix 814 + + Phragmites 892 + + Phyllanthus 238 + + Physalis 609 + + Phytolacca 95 + + Picridium 579 + + Pimpinella 409 + + Piper 25 + + Piptadenia 281 + + Pistia 739 + + Pittosporum 145 + + Plantago 597 + + Platycoryne 813 + + Platystoma 702 + + Plectranthus 708 + + Pleiocarpa 434 + + Pluchea 531 + + Plumbago 596 + + Podostelma 445 + + Poinciana 267 + + Polycarpæa 77 + + Polycarpon 76 + + Polygala 61 + + Polygonum 90 + + Polypogon 894 + + Polysphæria 489 + + Popowia 6 + + Portulaca 87 + + Potamogeton 735 + + Potentilla 263 + + Pouzolzia 359 + + Premna 697 + + Priva 694 + + Prosopis 282 + + Protea 143 + + Pseudarthria 318 + + Pseudocedrela 394 + + Pseudospondias 403 + + Psidium 183 + + Psilotrichum 110 + + Psophocarpus 335 + + Psoralea 298 + + Psorospermum 195 + + Psychotria 502 + + Pterocarpus 343 + + Pulicaria 543 + + Punica 132 + + Pupalia 109 + + Pycnostachys 712 + + Pycreus 825 + + Randia 478 + + Ranunculus 12 + + Raphanus 53 + + Raphia 815 + + Raphionacme 441 + + Rauwolfia 433 + + Reseda 58 + + Rhamphicarpa 653 + + Rhizophora 192 + + Rhus 401 + + Rhynchosia 340 + + Rhynchospora 836 + + Rhytachne 852 + + Ricinus 255 + + Rinorea 56 + + Rogeria 663 + + Romulea 793 + + Rotala 127 + + Rothia 290 + + Rottbœllia 849 + + Rourea 405a + + Rubia 510 + + Rubus 261 + + Ruellia 671 + + Rumex 91 + + Ruta 376 + + Rutidea 500 + + Rytiginia 493 + + Saccharum 854 + + Sacciolepis 881 + + Salacia 365 + + Salix 349 + + Salsola 101 + + Salvadora 367 + + Salvia 717 + + Samolus 594 + + Sanseviera 757 + + Sarcocephalus 466 + + Sarcostemma 455 + + Satanocrater 674 + + Sauromatum 740 + + Sauvagesia 180 + + Schizachyrium 862 + + Schizoglossum 449 + + Schmidelia 397 + + Schmidtia 918 + + Schœnefeldia 904 + + Schouwia 48 + + Schweinfurthia 634 + + Schwenkia 617 + + Scilla 772 + + Scirpus 832 + + Scleria 837 + + Sclerocarpus 551 + + Sclerocarya 404 + + Scolymus 575 + + Scoparia 648 + + Scrophularia 635 + + Scutellaria 719 + + Secamone 444 + + Securidaca 62 + + Seddera 626 + + Seetzenia 120 + + Sehima 843 + + Semonvillea 83 + + Sempervivum 67 + + Senebiera 50 + + Senecio 566 + + Senra 223 + + Sesamum 664 + + Sesbania 306 + + Setaria 882 + + Sida 216 + + Siegesbeckia 548 + + Silene 72 + + Sium 412 + + Sisymbrium 45 + + Smilax 755 + + Smithia 313 + + Solanum 608 + + Solenostemma 447 + + Sonchus 580 + + Sopubia 655 + + Sorghum 855 + + Sparganophorus 512 + + Spathodea 660 + + Spergula 75 + + Spermacoce 507 + + Sphæranthus 533 + + Sphærocoma 78 + + Sphenoclea 584 + + Sphenostylis 337 + + Spilanthes 557 + + Sporobolus 899 + + Stachytarpheta 693 + + Statice 595 + + Stemodia 639 + + Stephania 21 + + Sterculia 210 + + Stereospermum 661 + + Stipularia 476 + + Striga 652 + + Strychnos 426 + + Stylochiton 741 + + Stylosanthes 314 + + Suæda 102 + + Sutera 637 + + Swarzia 347 + + Swertia 592 + + Synadenium 228 + + Syzygium 182 + + Tacazzea 440 + + Tacca 778 + + Talinum 88 + + Tamarindus 275 + + Tamarix 155 + + Tarenna 477 + + Taverniera 309 + + Teclea 377 + + Temnocalyx 495 + + Tephrosia 303 + + Teramnus 328 + + Terminalia 188 + + Tetracera 144 + + Teucrium 724 + + Thalassia 751 + + Thalia 798 + + Thelepogon 842 + + Themeda 869 + + Thesium 371 + + Thespesia 226 + + Thunbergia 666 + + Tillæa 63 + + Tinnea 723 + + Tinospora 16 + + Toddalia 377a + + Torenia 645 + + Trachyphrynium 800 + + Tragia 257 + + Tragus 896 + + Trapa 135 + + Treculia 354 + + Trema 259 + + Trianthema 86 + + Tribulus 117 + + Tricalysia 485 + + Trichilia 392 + + Trichodesma 603 + + Tricholæna 883 + + Trichoneura 914 + + Trichopteryx 888 + + Tridactyle 806 + + Trifolium 296 + + Trigonella 294 + + Triplotaxis 516 + + Tripogon 916 + + Tripteris 567 + + Triraphis 915 + + Tristachya 889 + + Tristemma 187 + + Tristicha 70 + + Tritonia 791 + + Triumfetta 200 + + Trochomeria 158 + + Turræa 388 + + Typha 738 + + Umbilicus 66 + + Uraria 319 + + Urena 220 + + Urera 356 + + Urginea 771 + + Urochloa 876 + + Utricularia 659 + + Uvaria 3 + + Vahlia 68 + + Vallisneria 748 + + Vangueria 491 + + Verbascum 632 + + Verbena 695 + + Verbesina 556 + + Vernonia 515 + + Veronica 649 + + Vetiveria 856 + + Vicia 322 + + Vicoa 542 + + Vigna 333 + + Viola 54 + + Vitex 698 + + Voacanga 436 + + Voandzeia 334 + + Vossia 844 + + Wahlenbergia 583 + + Waltheria 207 + + Wedelia 554 + + Wisneria 732 + + Wissadula 217 + + Withania 612 + + Wolffia 754 + + Woodfordia 128 + + Wormskioldia 29 + + Xanthium 547 + + _Ximenesia_ _556_ + + Ximenia 368 + + Xylopia 7 + + Zea 840 + + Zehneria 167 + + Zilla 52 + + Zizyphus 372 + + Zornia 316 + + Zygophyllum 118 + + + INDEX TO FAMILY NAMES. + + + PAGE + + Acanthaceæ 337 + + Alismataceæ 365 + + Amarantaceæ 81 + + Amaryllidaceæ 391 + + Ampelidaceæ 223 + + Anacardiaceæ 233 + + Anonaceæ 49 + + Apocynaceæ 244 + + Aponogetonaceæ 366 + + Aristolochiaceæ 54 + + Araceæ 369 + + Asclepiadaceæ 248 + + Balsaminaceæ 89 + + Basellaceæ 86 + + Bignoniaceæ 334 + + Bixaceæ 96 + + Bombacaceæ 124 + + Boraginaceæ 302 + + Burseraceæ 229 + + Butomaceæ 366 + + Cactaceæ 106 + + Caesalpiniaceæ 160 + + Campanulaceæ 299 + + Cannabinaceæ 217 + + Capparidaceæ 56 + + Caricaceæ 105 + + Caryophyllaceæ 70 + + Celastraceæ 218 + + Ceratophyllaceæ 52 + + Chailletiaceæ 160 + + Chenopodiaceæ 79 + + Cochlospermaceæ 96 + + Combretaceæ 109 + + Commelinaceæ 387 + + Compositæ 274 + + Connaraceæ 236 + + Convolvulaceæ 313 + + Crassulaceæ 68 + + Cruciferæ 63 + + Cucurbitaceæ 99 + + Cycadaceæ 48 + + Cyperaceæ 404 + + Dilleniaceæ 96 + + Dioscoreaceæ 385 + + Dipterocarpaceæ 107 + + Droseraceæ 69 + + Ebenaceæ 238 + + Elatinaceæ 70 + + Ericaceæ 238 + + Eriocaulaceæ 403 + + Euphorbiaceæ 134 + + Ficoidaceæ 74 + + Flacourtiaceæ 97 + + Frankeniaceæ 98 + + Fumariaceæ 56 + + Gentianaceæ 300 + + Geraniaceæ 88 + + Gnetaceæ 48 + + Gramineæ 430 + + Guttiferæ 117 + + Halorrhagaceæ 92 + + Hippocrateaceæ 218 + + Hydnoraceæ 55 + + Hydrocharitaceæ 371 + + Hydrophyllaceæ 302 + + Hypericaceæ 116 + + Illecebraceæ 78 + + Iridaceæ 393 + + Labiatæ 355 + + Lemnaceæ 373 + + Lentibulariaceæ 333 + + Liliaceæ 373 + + Linaceæ 86 + + Lobeliaceæ 298 + + Loganiaceæ 241 + + Loranthaceæ 220 + + Lythraceæ 89 + + Malvaceæ 125 + + Marantaceæ 395 + + Melastomataceæ 108 + + Meliaceæ 230 + + Menispermaceæ 53 + + Mimosaceæ 166 + + Molluginaceæ 72 + + Moraceæ 209 + + Moringaceæ 63 + + Musaceæ 396 + + Myrsinaceæ 240 + + Myrtaceæ 107 + + Naiadaceæ 367 + + Nyctaginaceæ 94 + + Nymphaeaceæ 52 + + Ochnaceæ 106 + + Olacaceæ 220 + + Oleaceæ 242 + + Onagraceæ 91 + + Opiliaceæ 220 + + Orchidaceæ 396 + + Orobanchaceæ 333 + + Oxalidaceæ 88 + + Palmæ 401 + + Pandanaceæ 403 + + Papaveraceæ 56 + + Papilionaceæ 175 + + Passifloraceæ 98 + + Pedaliaceæ 336 + + Phytolaccaceæ 78 + + Piperaceæ 55 + + Pittosporaceæ 96 + + Plantaginaceæ 301 + + Plumbaginaceæ 301 + + Podostemonaceæ 70 + + Polygalaceæ 67 + + Polygonaceæ 76 + + Pontederiaceæ 384 + + Portulacaceæ 75 + + Potamogetonaceæ 367 + + Primulaceæ 301 + + Proteaceæ 95 + + Punicaceæ 91 + + Ranunculaceæ 51 + + Resedaceæ 66 + + Rhamnaceæ 222 + + Rhizophoraceæ 116 + + Rosaceæ 159 + + Rubiaceæ 257 + + Rutaceæ 226 + + Salicaceæ 209 + + Salvadoraceæ 219 + + Samydaceæ 97 + + Santalaceæ 222 + + Sapindaceæ 232 + + Sapotaceæ 239 + + Saxifragaceæ 69 + + Scrophulariaceæ 324 + + Simarubaceæ 227 + + Solanaceæ 308 + + Sterculiaceæ 122 + + Taccaceæ 385 + + Tamaricaceæ 98 + + Thymelæaceæ 92 + + Tiliaceæ 117 + + Turneraceæ 56 + + Typhaceæ 368 + + Ulmaceæ 158 + + Umbelliferæ 237 + + Urticaceæ 216 + + Verbenaceæ 349 + + Violaceæ 66 + + Vitaceæ 223 + + Zingiberaceæ 393 + + Zygophyllaceæ 86 + + + + +FOOTNOTES: + + +[Footnote 1: Notes were also drawn at a later date from “The Useful +Plants of Nigeria,” J. H. Holland. Kew Bulletin, Additional Series.] + +[Footnote 2: Macmillan & Co., St. Martin’s St., London, W.C.2 (1926), +20s. net.] + +[Footnote 3: The names used for these three groups are applied here for +the convenience of the student. The “Parietales” in this sense are not +the _Parietales_ of either Bentham & Hooker or of Engler.] + +[Footnote 4: The flowers of this family (which consist of 5 usually free +sepals, a 5-lobed corolla, 5 stamens and a pistil of 2 carpels) are +peculiar (i) by the _coronal_ lobes, either free or connate, simple or +double at or inside the mouth of the tube of the corolla; (ii) by the +stamens which, although exceptionally free at the base, are usually +connate by the filaments; these, with the anthers and their appendages +forming the _staminal column_, but the anthers being free or united to +the dilated part of the style; the anthers are 2, dehiscing by terminal +or lateral slits and are continued on the margins or below the pollen +cells by wing-like processes (_anther-wings_); the connectives of the +anthers are often produced into membranous (rarely fleshy or inflated) +terminal, sometimes connate appendages, or apiculate, or unappendaged; +(iii) by the pollen which is either granular or more commonly united +into 1 or 2 clavate, waxy masses or _pollinia_; (iv) by the pistil +which, although consisting of 2 carpels, is united above into a dilated +pentagonal disk; (v) by the fruit consisting of 2 follicles or by +abortion one only, the seeds being usually numerous, imbricate, somewhat +like fish scales, generally crowned with a tuft of long silky hairs.] + +[Footnote 5: Herbs; stems cylindrical or trigonous, solid. Leaves grass- +like, tough, but sheaths (except in _Eriospora Schweinfurthiana_) not +slit down one side. Infl. umbellate, capitate or panicled, made up of +spikes bearing spikelets composed of an axis (_rhachilla_) and of empty +or flower-bearing bracts (_glumes_). Fl. minute, 1 or 2-sexual, in axils +of glumes. Per. 0, or consisting of 2-6 hypogynous scales or bristles; +sta. 1-3, anthers basifixed; style 2-3 branched, or subentire, base +often thickened; fruit a compressed or 3-gonous nut.] + +[Footnote 6: Differs from _Cyperus_ by never being leafless, by +disarticulation of (always winged) rhachilla in one piece above the two +lowest empty glumes, and by the spikelets which, in Cyperus never less +than 5 fld., may here be as little as 1 fld. (although at times up to 20 +fld.).] + + + + +Transcriber's note: + + + Several of the Keys to the families (starting pg. 16) have had their + key steps marked with letters, in the style of the Key to the genera + of Grasses (pg. 430). + + pg 1 Changed: male organs of a flowers to: flower + + pg 5 Changed: =Gnetaceæ= and =Cyacadaceæ= to: =Cycadaceæ= + + pg 5 Changed: glass-like, transparent or trunslucent to: translucent + + pg 10 Changed: bundles by junction of filamens to: filaments + + pg 11 Changed: generally separate at muturity to: maturity + + pg 12 From: stamen, the ovone male organ of the flower. + removed: ovone + + pg 35 Changed: Ovules 1-2 in each cell; corolla lobes inbricate to: + imbricate + + pg 45 Changed: march or aquatic herbs to: marsh + + pg 46 Changed: =Pontederiacæ= (part) to: =Pontederiaceæ= + + pg 47 Changed: =Zinziberaceæ= to: =Zingiberaceæ= + + pg 54 Changed: maroon-coloured, unilateral, legulate to: ligulate + + pg 56 Changed: Borber Desert to: Berber + + pg 63 Changed: BUN—Borun to: Burun + + pg 63 Changed: hairs shellate. Pods subsessile to: stellate + + pg 65 Changed: MAHAD, NAMNAM (Egyt) to: Egypt + + pg 71 Changed: =P. spicata= _Arnolt._ to: _Arnott._ + + pg 73 (Under =Glinus lotoides=) Changed: Bahr El Ghazar Prov. to: + Ghazal + + pg 84 Changed: =Pupalla lappacea= _Juss._ to: =Pupalia= + + pg 85 Changed: terminal, straw-colouerd to: straw-coloured + + pg 87 Changed: =Seetzenia africana= _Br._ to: _R. Br._ + + pg 93 Changed: Bahr El Ghazal Pdov. (Niamniam-land to: Prov. + + pg 94 (Under =B. [Boerhaavia] repens var. diffusa=) Changed: Fung. + Prov. (Fazowhli) to: Fazoghli + + pg 102 Changed: KHIAR—Arabfl to: Arab. + + pg 105 Changed: =Cucurbita maxima= _Dushesne._ to: _Duchesne._ + + pg 108 Changed: Jebel (Madi); Bahr El Grazal to: Ghazal + + pg 111 Changed: broadly lanceolate or elliptic accuminate to: + acuminate + + pg 129 Changed: =Kosteletzkya adoenis= _Hochst._ to: =adoensis= + + pg 133 Changed: =Cienfugosia digitata= _Cav._ to: =Cienfuegosia= + + pg 133 Changed: =G. obtusiolium= Roxb. to: =obtusifolium= + + pg 149 Changed: Male fl. calx 5-lobed valvate to: calyx + + pg 153 (Under =A. [Acalypha] villicaulis=) Changed: styles 3, + lacinate to: laciniate + + pg 155 =A. cordata= _Benth._ formatted as a synonim instead: _A. + cordata_ Benth. + + pg 160 At the end of: =Parkinsonia aculeata= _Linn._ SESABAN (wrongly + named)— added: Arab. + + pg 166 Changed: =P. filicoida= _Welw._ to: =filicoidea= + + pg 167 Changed: =Piptadenia africana= _Hook._ to: _Hook. f._ + + pg 170 Changed: Flowers globose, yellow, about 1 lin. diam. to: 1 in. + diam. + + pg 173 Changed: =A. hecataphylla= _Steud._ to: =hecatophylla= + + pg 178 Changed: Pod silky, unde ½ in. to: under + + pg 179 "White Nile Prov. (J. Arashkol)." moved from right under =C. + goreensis= to two lines above, under =C. podocarpa= + + pg 180 Changed: =Argyroiobium abyssinicum= _Jaub._ & _Spach._ to: + =Argyrolobium= + + pg 188 Changed: =I. [Indigofera] tripoides= Baker. to: =tritoides= + + pg 189 Changed: =Biserula Pelecinus L.= _Hochst._ to: =Biserula + Pelecinus= _L._ + + pg 198 Changed: Dongolo Prov. (Cultivated). to: Dongola + + pg 202 Changed: Leaflets 3, cenral roundish to: central + + pg 212 Changed: grabrous. Receptacle not known to: glabrous + + pg 216 Changed: 3-8 in. long, coriceous to: coriaceous + + pg 221 Changed: young parts rusty-tomotose to: rusty-tomentose + + pg 222 Changed: usually one straight and one ecurved to: recurved + + pg 230 Changed: =Turræa Vogellii= _Hook. f._ to: =Vogelii= + + pg 255 Changed: Rd Sea, Kassala & Kordofan to: Red + + pg 267 Changed: Fozoghli and Abu Sugra to: Fazoghli + + pg 274 Changed: Leaves vertillate, ovate, cordate to: verticillate + + pg 281 Changed: Bahr El Jebel (Sudd 8° 40 in.) to: (Sudd 8° 40″) + + pg 282 Changed: Kordofan Prof. (J. Um Darrag) to: Prov. + + pg 291 Changed: few minute or more usally wanting to: usually + + pg 299 Changed: =L. [Lobelia] trievarchi= _R. Good._ to: =trierarchi= + + pg 300 Changed: =GENTIAMACEÆ= to: =GENTIANACEÆ= + + pg 319 Changed: petioles and penduncles winged to: peduncles + + pg 353 (Under =C. [Clerodendron] cordifolium=) switched the positions + of the line starting with "white, tube ⅔ in. long" and the line + starting with "6,000 ft.); Bahr El Ghazal Prov." + + pg 360 Changed: =Lavandula pubescens= _Dene._ to: _Decne._ + + pg 361 Changed: =Salvia nudicalis= _Vahl._ to: =nudicaulis= + + pg 374 (Under =A. [Asparagus] africanus=) Changed: Bash El Jebel to: + Bahr + + pg 376 Changed: =Asphodelus fistulosus= _Linn._ =var. tenufolius= + _Baker._ to: =tenuifolius= + + pg 402 Changed: somtimes spiny tendril to: sometimes + + pg 406 Changed: North Khordofan Prov. to: Kordofan + + pg 410 Changed: Spikelets many in dense heads, dusky or brown, 10-30 + fid. to: 10-30 fld. + + pg 437 Changed: 903 =Leplochloa= to: =Leptochloa= + + pg 460 Changed: =E. pyrmidalis= _Hitchcock_ and_ Chase._ to: + =pyramidalis= + + pg 463 Changed: 81 =Sacciolepis ciliocincta= to: 881 + + pg 464 (Under =S. [Sacciolepis] micrococca=) Changed: Spikelets + crowded, swollen, ¼-in. to: 1/24 in. (Cf. R. Massey _Sudan grasses_, + 1926) + + pg 466 Changed: loose panicle up to 6 in. land to: 6 in. long + + pg 468 (Under =P. [Pennisetum] ovale=) Changed: Uper White Nile Prov. + to: Upper + + pg 481 (Under =Eleusine indica=) Changed: Spikelets 1/8-1/16 in. long + to: 1/8-1/6 + + pg 489 Changed: Rikan to: Rihan + + pg 493 Changed: Akhalkuala to: Aknalkuala + + pg 497 Changed: Antephora to: Anthephora + + pg 497 Changed: Cienfugosia to: Cienfuegosia + + pg 498 Changed: Enarthocarpus to: Enarthrocarpus + + pg 498 Changed: Erpthrophlæum to: Erythrophlæum + + pg 498 Changed: Farsettia to: Farsetia + + pg 499 Changed: Legenaria to: Lagenaria + + pg 500 Changed: Pantatropis to: Pentatropis + + pg 502 Changed: Halorraghaceæ to: Halorrhagaceæ + + pg 502 Changed: Scrophularaceæ to: Scrophulariaceæ + + Minor changes in punctuation have been done silently. + + Other spelling inconsistencies have been left unchanged. + + + +*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 75659 *** |