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diff --git a/75609-0.txt b/75609-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..808a05b --- /dev/null +++ b/75609-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,5628 @@ + +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 75609 *** + + + + + + THE + ALDINE SPELLER + + PART THREE + FOR GRADES FIVE AND SIX + + BY + CATHERINE T. BRYCE + ASSISTANT SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS + MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. + AND + FRANK J. SHERMAN + FORMERLY SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS + MONSON, MASS. + + [Illustration] + + NEW YORK + NEWSON & COMPANY + + COPYRIGHT, 1916, BY + NEWSON & COMPANY. + + _All rights reserved._ + + + + +PREFACE + + +To teachers and the public alike, probably no subject taught in +the public schools has been more disappointing than spelling. This +disappointment is undoubtedly due to: + +1. Defective material for study and poor methods of teaching; + +2. Too much testing and too little teaching; + +3. Finding errors rather than preventing them; + +4. The use of a theoretical, rather than the practical, vocabulary of +children and adults. + +The teaching of spelling must be done from a spelling book in the hands +of the children, since the individual teacher does not have the time to +prepare lists of words which will produce as good results as the lists +given in a spelling book, the selection and preparation of which are the +result of years of special observation and testing. + +A plan of teaching spelling to secure the best results should consist of +a thoughtful, systematic, and comprehensive presentation of the words and +spelling facts which every pupil must learn. It must contain an adequate +and simple system of phonics for the primary grades, since a large +percentage of the words in common use are purely phonetic and present no +spelling difficulties once a sane and practical phonetic foundation is +fixed. It must have a vocabulary selected and graded with such care that +it will give the child the ability to spell correctly those words which +he needs to use in his written work, and that it will also develop and +broaden his vocabulary for his future needs. It should contain suitable +directions and hints to the teacher, sufficiently removed from the +pupil’s text so that he may not be confused by them. It may, and in many +grades should, contain information and suggestions to the pupil that will +help him to master the many peculiarly non-phonetic words which present +their individual problems and must be individually mastered. It should +contain a very few of the most important spelling rules simply stated. +It should contain a large variety of sentences for dictation, which +may wisely take the form of gems of thought. Such a plan, well taught, +constantly supplemented by the teacher with such words as the peculiar +difficulties of individual pupils and classes may require, will produce a +maximum of ability to spell correctly. + +In the Aldine Speller the authors have presented a plan of teaching +which in actual results has proved singularly effective. The vocabulary +has been selected and graded with unusual care to meet the actual needs +of life and to develop a spelling sense. In its preparation a careful +comparison was made of the vocabularies of several of the most popular +spelling books of the day in respect to both gradation and selection. +Paralleling this, the various recent tests and investigations, notably +those of Ayres, Jones, and Cook and O’Shea, have been checked. The +resulting vocabulary is thought to represent the real writing vocabulary +of the average child of the grade in which it is taught. Special and +repeated drills are given on the real trouble makers—the one hundred +and more words that comprise four-fifths of the misspelled words of the +schoolroom. + +In the primary grades use is made of exceptionally valuable phonetic +lists. Emphasis is placed upon this important and very practical +foundation for the development of a spelling sense, and its mastery in +the primary grades will do much to train children to spell correctly. A +few comparatively uncommon words are used in these lists chiefly for the +value of the phonetic drill. + +As every error creates a tendency, and if repeated quickly establishes +a habit, it is important that the correct spelling of words be taught +before children have occasion to write them. Every worth-while test and +investigation shows the most common and most useful words in our language +to be the words used early by children. It is likewise certain that very +many of the misspelled words are one-syllable words in very common use. +It would, therefore, seem essential that the real teaching of spelling +should be done as early as possible in the grades—somewhat earlier than +has frequently been the case—that correct habits, rather than incorrect +ones, may be formed. + +Obligation is expressed to Dr. Leonard P. Ayres of the Russell Sage +Foundation for kind permission to make use of his list of “The Thousand +Commonest Words.” These and some four thousand other very common and +important words constitute the Aldine vocabulary. + +That the Aldine Speller may lead to some real teaching, and decrease +“lesson hearing,” is the hope of the authors. + + + + +DIRECTIONS TO TEACHERS + + +ORAL SPELLING + +Oral spelling should always precede written spelling in the primary +grades. Careful and distinct pronunciation by the child should always +precede oral spelling. Children cannot be expected to spell correctly +words that they cannot pronounce. It is well to emphasize the form of a +word of more than one syllable by syllabication. It makes the spelling +more obvious, promotes clear enunciation, and assists in creating a +correct mental picture of the word. The sight words in this book are so +syllabicated when first presented. A slight pause between the syllables +is usually sufficient in oral spelling. In writing the words they should +not be divided. + + +TESTING + +The mere “hearing” of spelling lessons is happily a thing of the past in +most schools. However, teachers cannot be too strongly impressed with the +worthlessness of such exercises. The primary object is to instruct, not +to examine—to teach to spell correctly, not to find out how many words +may be spelled incorrectly. Review lessons should be given frequently, +and these are sufficient for test purposes. All other lessons should be +thoroughly taught with instruction the aim and object of the lesson. + + +INTEREST + +It has been well said that “interest is nine-tenths of education.” This +is true in teaching spelling. Any means which will arouse interest in +mastering words is likely to be effective. So far as our forefathers +succeeded in securing results in this subject they did so by interest +in the old-fashioned “spelling-bee.” Spelling matches of various sorts +are desirable for creating interest. The review lists and special lists +will be found admirable for this purpose. It should be remembered, +however, that this is testing what is already learned and is not teaching +something new. + + +PUPILS’ LISTS + +Each pupil has his own difficulties in spelling. Teach him to make +private lists of the words which he finds especially hard to spell and +have him use extra effort to conquer these trouble-makers. These may +be listed in the back of his textbook or in his individual note book. +Occasional lessons may be devoted entirely to this kind of exercise and +they should be individual and painstaking. Such words should be watched +for in the other written work and misspelling prevented rather than +corrected. Besides making the misspelled words the basis of a lesson +they may well be correctly and carefully written on the board with the +difficulty shown in colored crayon. If possible leave them in sight for +several days. + + +HOMOPHONES + +Words spelled differently but pronounced alike should be kept apart until +the spelling of each has become fixed and the ability to use correctly +in sentences reasonably sure. Then only may they safely be brought +together for comparison. When this is done much care must be used that no +confusion may exist in the child’s mind as to the proper use of each. + + +ORDER OF PRESENTATION + +All children do not learn spelling equally well in the same way. Some are +sense organ learners while others are largely motor organ learners. Most +children are both. In all cases the order of seeing words, hearing them +pronounced, pronouncing them, spelling them aloud, and then writing them, +will be found to be most effective. Appeal is thus made successively to +the eye, the ear, the memory, and the hand. + + +ENUNCIATION + +Poor enunciation is a common source of incorrect spelling. Occasionally +test your pupils on sounding words. See to it that they learn to give +the right value to the vowel sounds and do not omit any that should be +sounded. Do not permit _in_ for _ing_, final _ed_ to be sounded like +_t_, or “body” to be sounded “buddy.” Remember that “A word correctly +pronounced is half spelled.” + + +PROPER NAMES + +No place has been given in this book to proper names, since the needs +of different classrooms vary so widely. They must be thoroughly taught, +however, and it is the teacher’s duty to teach such proper names as her +pupils need to use. Strongly emphasize the fact that these proper names +always begin with a capital letter. + + +USING THE STORIES + +Read the stories, “The Two Scouts” and “The Two Boys” with the pupils. +See that they understand the meaning and the object of telling these +stories. Keep them before the pupils by constant application to their +own efforts. If you wish, you may keep records of the work of the +scouts, giving the successful ones decorations—stars or crosses on the +blackboard, or on especially prepared charts. + + +CAREFUL TEACHING + +In teaching every lesson, do your part by pronouncing every word clearly +and correctly; by requiring the children to do the same, paying especial +care to final _d_, _t_, and _ing_; by training the child really to see +the word, calling attention to silent letters, unusual combinations, and +applying the rules that are given in their books. + + +USE AND MEANING + +Remember, it is not enough that children pronounce and spell words +correctly. They should know the meaning and how to use each word. To help +them to make the words in their book part of their vocabulary, certain +devices are used. + +1. Many of the words are grouped in their natural connection—school +words, letter words, business and trade words, journey words, etc. A few +suggestions showing how these group words may be used are given in the +book. Oral work should always precede the written work. See Lesson 89, +Sixth Year, for illustration. See that the children’s sentences are well +expressed before allowing any writing. Perhaps it will not be necessary +to write at all. It _is_ necessary that every child should know how to +use and spell the words correctly. + +2. When a word is taught, one or more of its common derivatives are +given,—a saving in study of the spelling lesson, and an added clearness +to meaning. For illustrations see Lessons 39 and 42. + +3. Well-selected quotations from the best sources are given, showing the +words used correctly. Many of these quotations should be memorized; some +should be dictated; some are to be reproduced; some are to be copied, +substituting other words in place of underlined words; all are to be read +intelligently, that the pupils may learn the true meaning of the words by +meeting them in their right context. + + +SPELLING DEMONS + +On pages 11 and 12 is a remarkable list of words frequently misspelled. +They are given here by permission of the compiler, Dr. W. F. Jones of +the University of South Dakota. He has happily named them the “One +Hundred Spelling Demons of the English Language.” As the result of a most +exhaustive and careful investigation he finds them to be not only the +most commonly misspelled words, but frequently and persistently to be +misspelled in all grades. + +These words have been taught and frequently reviewed. Call the children’s +attention over and over again to the difficulties in them. Use some of +them daily. Hold the children to the correct spelling of them in all +written work. Make opportunities to use them. Keep a record in plain +sight, showing the children’s progress in conquering them. Make the +mastery of these words a matter personal to yourself, even to the extent +of considering your teaching a failure if every child in the fifth year +does not form the habit of correctly spelling this list. Call attention +to these pages at the beginning of the year, and arouse the children’s +interest and ambition to master the words as early as possible. + +On page 49 is given another list of lesser “demons.” The sixth-grade +teacher should in like manner hold herself responsible for this list. +Keep on urging and testing until each child has mastered his particular +“word demons.” + + +REVIEW LISTS + +On pages 27-28 and 65-66 are lists of words for review. These are +selected from “The One Thousand Commonest Words” as found by Dr. +Ayres, and are here used by permission. Without special study, at +least seventy-nine per cent of those given on pages 27-28 were spelled +correctly by the fifth-grade children in eighty-four cities in the United +States, and at least seventy-nine per cent of those given on pages 65-66 +were spelled correctly by the sixth-grade children in the same schools. +Careful teaching should give a much higher percentage. + + +THE VOCABULARY + +The vocabulary, alphabetically arranged for each year, will be found +on pages 29 and 67. Encourage the children to use this vocabulary to +check up the words that they are positive they can spell correctly, and +for reference in finding any word they may wish to use in their written +work. These lists of words may also be used for oral spelling matches or +written reviews. + + +SUMMARY + +To sum up: Arouse a spelling interest; develop a spelling sense; teach +the children how to study intelligently; review constantly; keep definite +records of progress; find each child’s “word demons” and master them; do +thoughtful teaching. + + + + +TO THE GIRLS AND BOYS: + + +THE TWO SCOUTS + +Once upon a time the general of an army found himself in a serious +position. He was shut up in a fortified town and his food supply was very +low. In order to find out something of the position, strength, and plans +of the enemy, he sent two young soldiers out as scouts. + +After many hardships the scouts came within sight of the enemy’s lines. +While they were looking down on the hostile camp from the top of a high +tree, two officers came riding toward them. When they reached the tree +in which the frightened scouts were hidden, the officers stopped to rest +their horses in the shade. Never dreaming that their conversation could +be overheard, they discussed their plans freely and rode away. As soon as +it was safe, the two scouts came to the ground. + +“What a lucky escape!” said one. “We might both have been captured. This +teaches us a lesson. We will separate. Then if one is captured, the other +can carry our information to the general.” + +So they separated, and in due time one of the scouts came into the +general’s presence. + +“Well,” said the general, “how many men have the enemy?” + +“Ever and ever so many,” answered the scout. + +“Cavalry? Artillery? What?” asked the general sharply. + +“Both,” replied the scout. + +“Where are they?” asked the general. + +“On the other side of the wood,” said the scout. + +“But can’t you give me a better idea of their number and position?” cried +the impatient officer. + +“I only know that there are ever and ever so many of them, and that they +are scattered all over the countryside,” was the answer. + +“Well, did you learn anything of their plans?” asked the almost +discouraged general. + +“Yes,” answered the scout eagerly. “I heard two officers talking. They +are going to besiege us, attack Clifton, and wait for reënforcements.” + +“But what are they going to do first?” asked the anxious general. + +“I don’t remember,” was the answer. + +“I know no more than I did before you started! To think of the chance you +have lost!” exclaimed the officer. + +Just then the second scout entered. + +“What have you to report?” asked the general. + +The young man drew a piece of paper toward him and by a rough sketch and +a few words of explanation, showed the general the position and number +of the enemy, so that he saw at a glance their strength and weakness. +Then he added: “The officers that discussed their plans under our tree +say that they will wait for reënforcements. Then part of their army will +besiege us closely, keeping us busy, while the main army will capture +Clifton.” + +“You have saved our army!” cried the delighted general. “From to-day you +are ranked as captain. We will break through their lines before their +reënforcements come up, and march to the relief of Clifton!” + +Then turning to the first scout, he said: “You saw and heard exactly the +same things as this young man, but instead of bringing me news worth +while, you brought only a confused report. Do you know why you failed and +he succeeded?” + +“Yes,” was the answer, “he’s a born scout. I’m not.” + +“Nonsense!” replied the general. “He has trained himself to _see +exactly_, to _hear exactly_, and to _repeat exactly_. That’s all that is +needed to make a born scout.” + + +THE TWO BOYS + +Two boys were set to study the same spelling lesson. When it was time to +write the lesson, one boy knew that a certain word “had an _i_ and an _e_ +in it,” but he could not tell which came first, so he guessed and failed. +When the teacher pronounced another word, he wasn’t just sure what she +did say, so again he guessed and again he failed. When called upon to +read the words in the lesson, he left off final letters and slurred other +letters, so that he did not even pronounce the words correctly, and as a +perfectly pronounced word is half spelled, he failed once more. The other +boy had a perfect paper. + +The teacher said: “You boys had the same list of words to study, and the +same time in which to master them. You had the same chance to hear them +pronounced correctly and to pronounce them yourselves. Yet John has a +perfect paper, and Tom has a failure. Do you know why?” + +“John is a natural-born speller,” answered Tom. “I am not.” + +“Nonsense!” replied the teacher. “John has trained himself to _see +exactly_, to make a good mind picture of the word, just as the successful +scout did of the enemy’s lines, and so with his pencil he can reproduce +it exactly. He, like the same scout, has trained his ear to _hear +exactly_, and his mind to _reproduce exactly_. That’s all that is needed +to make a born speller.” + +Which scout did Tom most resemble? Which would you rather be like? + +Are you a “natural-born speller,” that is, do you + + _See exactly,_ + _Hear exactly,_ + _Pronounce exactly?_ + + + + +THE ALDINE SPELLER + +PART THREE + +FIFTH YEAR + +[Illustration: A place for everything & everything in its place] + + +[Illustration] + +1 + + con quer + con quer or + prize + gen tle man + gen tle men + +2 + + Who misses or who wins the prize, + Go, lose or conquer as you can, + But if you fall, or if you rise, + Be each, pray God, a gentleman. + + —THACKERAY. + +3 + + a gree a ble + dis a gree a ble + a gree ment + sit u a tion + cheer ful ness + +4 + + hu mor + hu mor ous + trans form + peace + peace ful + +5 + + hap pens + hap pened + un pleas ant + ex act ly + dif fi cult + +6 + + source + de stroy + meant + du ty + du ties + +7 + +CHEERFULNESS + +If anything disagreeable happens, try to see the funny side of it, and do +not let it destroy your peace of mind. + +To see the funny side will often transform an unpleasant situation into a +merry one. + +Man is meant to be cheerful. + +8 + +The letters _a_, _e_, _i_, _o_, and _u_ are vowels. The other letters of +the alphabet are consonants. + + al pha bet + con so nants + vow els + pre ced ed + plu rals + +Nouns ending in _y_, preceded by a consonant, form their plurals by +changing the _y_ to _i_ and adding _es_. What word in Lesson 6 forms its +plural in this way? Copy the following words; opposite each write its +plural, following the rule above. + +9 + + ge og ra phy + dic tion a ry + gro cer y + gal ler y + fam i ly + fair y + +10 + + laun dry + a gen cy + en try + de liv er y + li bra ry + mem o ry + +11 + + char i ty + mer cy + in ju ry + pan sy + prop er ty + sal a ry + +12 + + vi cin i ty + vic to ry + sym pa thy + va ri e ty + va can cy + sup ply + +The following ten words are very troublesome. _See_ what is peculiar in +each word. Write sentences containing these trouble makers and be very +careful to spell them correctly. Write each of them several times and try +to remember just how it looks. + +13 + + buy + dear + tired + read y + wheth er + stud ied + +14 + + meant + hoarse + which + gram mar + mak ing + news + +15 + + par don + mer ci ful + cour age + cou ra geous + friend ship + +16 + + gen er ous + lib er al + kind ly + kind ness + +17 + + for tune + for tu nate + mis for tune + cour te sy + cour te ous + +18 + + reaps + sows + un til + al ways + tire + +19 + +It is good to pardon, to be merciful, to be liberal; but it is better to +be just. + +Many of the misfortunes of life flee if you courageously meet +them.—TALMAGE. + +A good deed is never lost; he who sows courtesy reaps friendship, and he +who plants kindness reaps love. + +Life is not so short but there is always time for courtesy.—EMERSON. + +20 + + pos si ble + pos si bly + im pos si ble + dif fi cul ty + dif fi cul ties + +21 + + val ue + val u a ble + tramp + stamp + a bil i ty + +22 + + car ry + car ries + post age + post al + al so + +23 + + through + de pend + de pend ent + in de pend ent + in de pend ence + +24 + +The word “impossible” is not in my dictionary.—NAPOLEON. + +Like a postage stamp, a man’s value depends on his ability to stick to a +thing till he gets there.—JOSEPH CHAMBERLAIN. + +Through difficulties to the stars.—MOTTO OF THE STATE OF KANSAS. + +25 + + sol dier + in va lid + ad dress + mad am + pri vate + +26 + + ac cord ing + of fi cial + rec ords + reg u lar + in sist ed + +27 + + hos pi tal + band age + brave ly + a lert + stead y + +28 + + med i cine + fe ver + sponge + bath + bathe + +29 + +A lady once addressed a wounded soldier in a hospital as a hero. “I’m +no hero, Madam,” insisted the brave invalid. “According to the official +records, I’m just a private in the regular army.” + + +WAR WORDS + +30 + + guard + a larm + sad dle + bri dle + fi er y + +31 + + chief + colo nel + gen e ral + com rade + dan ger ous + +32 + + chal lenge + con test + pur sue + ral ly + ral lied + +33 + + dread + file + reb el + sav age + strug gle + +34 + + join + joint + won + ar my + sword + +35 + + na vy + na val + u ni form + roy al + rul er + +36 + + pow der + bul let + burst + pris on er + force + +37 + + po si tion + stern + glo ry + glo ri ous + fierce + +38 + +Final _y_ when preceded by a consonant is generally changed to _i_ when a +letter or a suffix is added to a word. + +What word in Lesson 32 is affected by this rule? In Lesson 27? + + pre ced ed + gen er al ly + suf fix + af fect + +39 + + ap ply + ap plied + ap plies + no ti fy + no ti fied + no ti fies + +40 + + mar ry + mar ried + cra zy + cra zi ness + de ny + de nied + +41 + + bur y + bur i al + bur ied + re ply + re plied + re plies + +42 + + oc cu py + oc cu pied + oc cu pa tion + his to ry + his to rian + his tor i cal + +43 + + held + nor + worth + wor thy + sore ly + +44 + + pa tient + pa tient ly + pa tience + hon or + hon or a ble + +45 + + un rav el + hearts + sev er al + thus + none + +46 + + prof it + prof it a ble + per il + per il ous + busi ness + +47 + + Noble deeds are held in honor, + But the wide world sorely needs + Hearts of patience to unravel this— + The worth of common deeds. + + —STEDMAN. + +I’ll mind my own business; what’s none of my profit shall be none of my +peril.—SPANISH. + +48 + + worse + worst + prop er + stud y + per son + +49 + + a void + rob ber + rob ber y + a broad + so ci e ty + +50 + + con verse + con ver sa tion + u ni ver si ty + col lect + col lec tion + +51 + + sep a rate + sep a rate ly + sep a ra tion + so cial + Christ mas + +Write the plurals of _university_ and _society_. Look carefully at the +first _a_ in _separate_, _separately_, _separation_. + +52 + +The true university of these days is a collection of books.—CARLYLE. + +In my study I am sure to converse with none but wise men, but abroad it +is impossible to avoid the society of fools.—SIR WILLIAM WALLER. + +There is no worse robber than a bad book.—ITALIAN. + +53 + + grit + pres ence + con trol + com pel + +The man of grit carries in his presence a power that controls and +compels. + +54 + + re pent + speech + speak er + tem per + si lence + guide + +More have repented of speech than of silence. Control your temper or it +will control you.—HORACE. + +Notice the _ee_ in _speech_ and the _ea_ in _speaker_. + +55 + + char i ty + char i ta ble + for giv en + for giv ing + un char i ta ble + +56 + + se vere + se ver i ty + re sist + crow bar + gen tle ness + +57 + +The highest charity is charity towards the uncharitable.—BUCKMINSTER. + + I don’t believe the man is living, + Who feels not better for forgiving. + There is no severity like gentleness. + + —FRENCH. + +The rock that resists a crowbar gives way to the roots of a tender +plant.—TAMIL. + +58 + + pres ent + fu ture + neg lect + re gret + ap pear + fur ther + +59 + + civ il + de ni al + rude + con sent + act + di rect + +60 + + cau tion + par ent + safe ty + sud den + throw + struck + +61 + + fiend + fiend ish + di vine + err + re strain + get ting + +62 + +Present neglect makes future regret.—DUTCH. + +A civil denial is better than a rude consent.—SCOTTISH. + +Caution is the parent of safety.—SCOTTISH. + +To return evil for evil is fiendish; good for good, human; good for evil, +divine.—SPANISH. + +63 + + for get ting + re venge + hu man + re spect + wrong + thy self + +Forgetting a wrong is a mild revenge.—SAINT FRANCIS. + +But most of all respect thyself.—GREEK. + +To err is human, to forgive divine.—POPE. + +[Illustration] + +Long ago brave knights rode about seeking and overcoming all dragons +and demons that brought trouble to mankind. Today there are still many +difficulties to be sought out and overcome. Some spelling words cause so +much trouble that they have been called “Spelling Demons.” You will find +one hundred of these on this and the following page. Have you already +overcome them all? If not, _do it now_. + +64 + + beginning + could + which + their + there + seems + blue + hour + +65 + + though + Tuesday + coming + wear + separate + don’t + answer + always + +66 + + early + instead + two + too + meant + business + easy + among + +67 + + through + ready + friend + many + forty + every + they + says + +68 + + some + been + trouble + half + break + buy + busy + used + +69 + + built + again + where + color + very + none + making + women + +70 + + since + done + dear + week + hear + here + guess + often + +71 + + whole + write + writing + having + would + just + cough + heard + +72 + + doctor + piece + raise + whether + does + once + believe + ache + read + +73 + + knew + can’t + won’t + laid + said + hoarse + tear + sure + loose + +74 + + choose + shoes + tonight + tired + lose + Wednesday + grammar + wrote + enough + +75 + + minute + country + February + any + truly + sugar + straight + much + know + +76 + + knowl edge + pos sess + lin gers + ad vance + re cede + ac cept + +77 + + rea son + knuck les + buck le + in struct + in struc tion + a long + +78 + +LEARNING + +Knowledge comes but wisdom lingers.—TENNYSON. + +Good instruction is better than riches.—WILLIAM PENN. + +If you will not hear Reason she will rap your knuckles.—FRANKLIN. + +He who does not advance, recedes.—LATIN. + +Study two of the above proverbs and write them from memory. + +79 + + teach er + pu pil + prim er + sto ry + ques tion + +80 + + sight + prove + al low + jun ior + sen ior + +81 + + change + whose + an gle + ac tive + quar ter + +82 + + ob ject + ob jec tion + vote + course + sure ly + +83 + + dou ble + ben e fit + un asked + pre cious + +He gives double who gives unasked.—ARABIAN. + +There is no grace in a benefit that sticks to the fingers.—SENECA. + +The giver makes the gift more precious.—LATIN. + +84 + + tri al + tri umph + cause + de feat + real + +No trials, no triumphs. + +A cause that cannot stand defeat is not worth fighting for. + +Rewrite one of the above quotations, giving the meaning in your own words. + +85 + + strict + mus cle + mea sles + naugh ty + mes sage + +86 + + pop u lar + foot ball + mov a ble + dis cov er + per son al + +87 + + badge + ban ner + dis trict + town + fig ure + +88 + + scis sors + coast + boast + o blige + mar ket + +89 + + bit ten + un a ble + wan der + sum mon + re lief + af fair + blood + +90 + + hedge + bru tal + rogue + per ish + trough + as sure + fright en + +91 + + begged + beg ging + sup ply + se cure + pro vide + ab sence + be gan + +92 + + fright ened + re treat + rap id ly + scheme + mince meat + of fice + vic tim + +93 + +THE WOLF AND THE SHEEP + +A wolf that had been bitten by a dog, lay under a hedge unable to move. A +sheep wandered by and the wolf summoned her to his relief. + +“I am perishing. Please bring me some water from your trough,” he begged. +“If you will supply me with water, I will provide my own meat.” + +The frightened sheep retreated rapidly, saying, “I see through your +scheme, you brutal rogue. I know how you will secure your meat. If I come +near enough to give you a drink, you will make mincemeat of me.”—ÆSOP. + +94 + + re cent + mem ber + may be + there fore + pop u la tion + guilt y + +95 + + thief + thieves + wolf + wolves + learns + ves sel + +96 + + shal low + eight + freight + es tate + suf fer + won der + +97 + + fol ly + hol ly + con fess + pro gress + no tion + bridge + +98 + +Shallow vessels carry light freight.—FRENCH. + +Fools are the worst thieves. They rob time and temper.—GOETHE. + +A fool loses his estate before he learns his folly.—FRENCH. + + A fool who will confess, + Is a fool who will progress. + +Some nouns ending in _f_ form their plurals by changing the _f_ to _v_, +and adding _es_. + +Write the plurals of the words in the next lesson. + +99 + + calf + half + shelf + leaf + self + wife + life + loaf + + +SCHOOL WORDS + +100 + + a rith me tic + de nom i na tor + sub trac tion + mul ti ply + mul ti pli ca tion + mul ti pli cand + +101 + + quo tient + ad di tion + a mount + frac tion + nu mer ous + nu mer a tor + +102 + + to tal + ci pher + solve + a cre + me ter + can cel + +103 + + prob lem + bal ance + dec i mal + in ter est + mil lion + cray on + +104 + + art ist + scene + view + ros y + crim son + pat tern + +105 + + ob long + width + breadth + height + car bon + bor der + +106 + + sys tem + sur face + nat u ral + di rec tion + west ern + south ern + +107 + + a re a + bluff + ridge + ca nal + chan nel + ore + +108 + + met al + cop per + quar ry + pla teau + pen in su la + strait + +109 + + is land + isth mus + o cean + prai rie + re gion + sec tion + +110 + + cap i tol + tun nel + com merce + cul ti vate + ce re al + cli mate + +111 + + frig id + freeze + tor rid + tem per ate + fer tile + des ert + +112 + + pro duce + prod uct + pro nounce + state ment + hy phen + vol ca noes + +113 + + sci ence + tel e gram + tel e graph + tel e phone + ca ble + ex press + +114 + + dis tinct + cen tu ry + col o nies + cus tom + de bate + fu ture + +115 + + in vent + in ven tion + pres i dent + tribe + o ral + cop ied + +116 + + verb + ad verb + sub ject + noun + prov erb + pro noun + +117 + + po et ry + rhyme + syl la ble + quo ta tion + phon ics + lec ture + +118 + + pro fes sor + cer tain + cer tain ly + stu dent + ex claim + col lege + +119 + + con fuse + con fu sion + ex pect + un ex pect ed + won der ful + ques tion + +120 + + hoarse + de tain + re sult + fro zen + ad mit + count + +121 + + meth od + com mence + ac cu rate + doubt + doubt less + doubt ful + +Be careful of the _or_ in _professor_. + +122 + +A professor in a certain college liked to confuse the students by asking +unexpected questions. One very cold night he asked a bright student how +many stars are in the sky. + +“Wait, professor, and I will tell you,” replied the student, and +commenced to count very slowly. When he had reached two hundred, the +professor, who was half frozen, exclaimed hoarsely, “That will do! I +admit that you are a wonderful student. Your method is slow and the +results will doubtless be accurate, but I will detain you no longer.” + +123 + + ranch + scythe + aisle + apt + league + sprain + +124 + + mer it + shep herd + base ment + ce ment + cloth ing + ceil ing + +125 + + skel e ton + cir cu lar + chim ney + plas ter + child hood + child ish + +126 + + cho rus + quar tet + al to + bass + con cert + op er a + +127 + + couch + nee dle + thim ble + thread + lin en + trunk + +128 + + ped dle + ped dling + ped dler + ex cept + ut ter + ut ter most + +129 + + kept + key + hurt + suit + quit + twit + +130 + + con tain + hus band + av e nue + how ev er + cou ple + cen ter + +131 + + To stand by one’s friend to the uttermost end, + And fight a fair fight with one’s foes; + Never to quit and never to twit + And never to peddle one’s woes. + + —GEORGE B. CHANDLER. + +132 + + yield + shield + spin dle + forge + wealth + ap point + +133 + + haze + graze + blaze + blaz ing + a maze + ef fect + +134 + + own er + par cel + pack age + pave ment + pe cul iar + au to + +135 + + a board + pas sage + pas sen ger + ac ci dent + Af ri ca + ob tain + +136 + + “I Can” is a worker; he tills the broad fields, + And digs from the earth all the wealth that it yields; + The hum of his spindles begins with the light, + And the fires of his forges are blazing all night. + + —W. A. BUTLER. + +137 + + haul + lim it + sus pect + a shore + awn ing + in spect + +138 + + de ceive + sick ness + smil ing + so ber + se ri ous + ef fort + +139 + + el e va tor + an y way + dis turb + beck on + reck on + de gree + +140 + + el e gant + ap prove + re tire + ex am ine + ex am i na tion + judg ment + +141 + + niece + lov ing + lov a ble + cor dial + cor dial ly + sig na ture + faith ful ly + +142 + + re spect + re spect ful ly + re spect a ble + af fec tion + af fec tion ate + sin cere + sin cere ly + +143 + +SOME LETTER SIGNATURES + +_To members of the family or to friends._ + + Your loving daughter + Your affectionate niece + Yours cordially + Yours sincerely + Very sincerely yours + Lovingly yours + Affectionately yours + Cordially yours + Sincerely yours + Faithfully yours + +144 + +BUSINESS SIGNATURES + + Yours truly + Very truly yours + Yours respectfully + Very respectfully yours + +Write from memory two signatures to friendly letters and one to a +business letter, signing your name. + +145 + + fail ure + in no cent + in come + fa mous + month ly + +146 + + leg end + myth + in sult + fla vor + in form + +147 + + op po site + bare foot + en tice + en tirely + ex tra + +148 + + sup port + al ter + am ple + de mand + dis miss + +149 + + re ceive + re turn + re gard + rule + e ras er + +150 + + vi o lin + slow ly + fi nal + fi nal ly + ad vice + +151 + + pro ceed + de scribe + ar range + ar range ment + mis spell + +152 + + im por tant + im prove + im prov ing + bar gain + lone some + +153 + + nec es sa ry + at tend + at tend ance + at tempt + sat is fy + +154 + + skat ing + en ve lope + in i tial + cap i tal + course + +155 + + ar ti cle + o beyed + o be di ence + o be di ent + re mem ber + +156 + + skill ful + with in + with out + pe ri od + ti dy + + NORTON, MASS., + Dec. 14, 1809. + +Dear Father: + +I received your letter and to prove to you how important I regard the +rules you gave me, I am following your advice by writing to you at once. +First I will proceed to describe to you the arrangement of my desk as you +say it is most necessary to attend to this before attempting to write. My +desk is tidy. The articles on it are arranged neatly. You can see from +this letter that I have obeyed your rules for writing. I have used the +eraser when necessary. There are no blots. Finally I think the writing is +neat and there are no misspelled words. + +Does this satisfy you, Father? If so remember our bargain and bring me +the violin on your return. Come soon for I am lonesome without you. + +I go skating every day. Of course I am not yet a skillful skater, but I +am slowly improving. + +I shall be careful in addressing the envelope to use capitals and to +place a period after every initial. I want my letter within and without +to satisfy you. + + Your obedient son, + + JOHN. + +157 + +This letter, almost exactly as given in your book, was written by a boy +of long ago in answer to a letter from his father. + +What rules did his father give him about his desk? Using the eraser? +Blots? Spelling? + +What bargain did he make with his son? + +Write a letter like the one you think John’s father sent to him. + +158 + + an gel + both er + el bow + chill y + bot tle + cof fee + be ing + er rand + +159 + + an i mal + i cy + huge + stopped + an kle + loan + hab it + i ron + +160 + + eighth + ninth + tenth + eight y + nine ty + +161 + + drowned + cen tral + con duct + fur nish + ear nest + +162 + + big gest + bar ren + a ware + eas i ly + al read y + +163 + + jew el + jew el ry + re al ize + ker nel + bee tle + +164 + + di a mond + al though + sen si ble + spar kle + spar kling + cu ri ous + +165 + + soil + ea ger + bur ied + dis ap point + ex change + at tract ed + +166 + +_The Cock and the Diamond_ + +[Illustration] + +A cock scratching in a barren field found a diamond buried in the soil. + +The curious hens attracted by the sparkling jewel gathered eagerly around +him. The cock was plainly disappointed. + +“How lovely!” exclaimed an old hen. “Do you realize that you have found a +diamond? Are you aware that diamonds are very costly?” + +“I don’t care how costly this jewel may be,” answered the sensible cock. +“Although it may be the biggest diamond in the world I’ll gladly exchange +it for a kernel of corn, a nut, or a fat beetle.”—ÆSOP. + + +REVIEW LIST + +The following are among the 1000 most common words. You have studied +every one of them. Every boy and girl at the end of the fifth grade +should be able to spell them correctly. + + eight + afraid + uncle + rather + aboard + jail + shed + retire + district + restrain + royal + objection + pleasure + navy + proper + judge + weather + worth + contain + figure + sudden + forty + instead + throw + personal + everything + rate + chief + slide + farther + duty + company + quite + none + knew + remain + direct + appear + liberty + enough + fact + board + attend + between + public + friend + through + until + madam + truly + whole + address + request + raise + August + Tuesday + fourth + population + except + aunt + else + built + center + front + rule + carry + chain + death + learn + pair + check + heard + always + something + write + perfect + second + woman + young + fair + dollar + evening + fell + sure + least + sorry + press + November + subject + April + history + cause + himself + use + September + station + copy + been + yesterday + among + doctor + hear + size + December + dozen + there + tax + number + October + reason + fifth + extra + dress + struck + Thursday + begun + collect + file + provide + stood + born + goes + hold + drill + pretty + stole + income + bought + paid + railroad + unable + ticket + + +VOCABULARY FOR FIFTH YEAR + + ability + aboard + abroad + absence + accept + accident + according + accurate + ache + acre + act + active + addition + address + admit + advance + adverb + advice + affair + affect + affection + affectionate + affectionately + Africa + again + agency + agreeable + agreement + aisle + alarm + alert + allow + along + alphabet + already + also + alter + although + alto + always + amaze + among + amount + ample + angel + angle + animal + ankle + answer + any + anyway + appear + applied + applies + apply + appoint + approve + apt + area + arithmetic + army + arrange + arrangement + article + artist + ashore + assure + attempt + attend + attendance + attracted + auto + avenue + avoid + aware + awning + badge + balance + bandage + banner + barefoot + bargain + barren + basement + bass + bath + bathe + beckon + been + beetle + began + begged + begging + beginning + being + believe + benefit + biggest + bitten + blaze + blazing + blood + blue + bluff + boast + border + bother + bottle + bravely + breadth + break + bridge + bridle + brutal + buckle + built + bullet + burial + buried + burst + bury + business + busy + buy + cable + calf + canal + cancel + can’t + capital + capitol + carbon + carries + carry + cause + caution + ceiling + cement + center + central + century + cereal + certain + certainly + challenge + change + channel + charitable + charity + cheerfulness + chief + childhood + childish + chilly + chimney + choose + chorus + cipher + circular + civil + climate + clothing + coast + coffee + collect + collection + college + colonel + colonies + color + commence + commerce + compel + comrade + concert + conduct + confess + confuse + confusion + conquer + conqueror + consent + consonants + contain + contest + control + conversation + converse + copied + copper + cordial + cordially + couch + cough + could + country + couple + courage + courageous + course + courteous + courtesy + crayon + crazy + crimson + crowbar + cultivate + curious + custom + dangerous + dear + debate + deceive + decimal + defeat + degree + delivery + demand + denial + denied + denominator + deny + depend + dependent + describe + desert + destroy + detain + diamond + dictionary + difficult + difficulties + difficulty + direct + direction + disagreeable + disappoint + discover + dismiss + distinct + distress + district + disturb + divine + doctor + does + don’t + double + doubt + doubtful + doubtless + dread + drowned + duty + eager + early + earnest + easily + easy + effect + effort + eight + eighth + eighty + elbow + elegant + elevator + enough + entire + entirely + entry + envelope + eraser + err + errand + estate + every + exactly + examination + examine + except + exchange + exclaim + expect + express + extra + failure + fairy + faithfully + family + famous + February + fertile + fever + fiend + fiendish + fierce + fiery + figure + file + final + finally + flavor + folly + football + force + forge + forgetting + forgiven + forgiving + fortunate + fortune + forty + fraction + freeze + freight + friend + friendship + frighten + frigid + frozen + furnish + further + future + gallery + general + generally + generous + gentleman + gentlemen + gentleness + geography + getting + glorious + glory + grammar + graze + grit + grocery + guard + guess + guide + guilty + habit + half + happened + happens + having + haze + hear + heard + hedge + height + held + here + historian + historical + history + hoarse + holly + honor + honorable + hospital + hour + however + huge + human + humor + humorous + hurt + husband + hyphen + icy + important + impossible + improve + improving + income + increase + independence + independent + inform + initial + injury + innocent + insisted + inspect + instead + instruct + instruction + insult + interest + invalid + invent + invention + iron + island + isthmus + jewel + jewelry + join + joint + judgment + junior + just + kept + kernel + key + kindly + kindness + knew + know + knowledge + knuckles + laid + laundry + leaf + league + learns + lecture + legend + liberal + library + life + limit + linen + lingers + loaf + loan + lonesome + loose + lose + lovable + loving + madam + making + many + market + marriage + married + marry + maybe + meant + measles + medicine + member + memory + merciful + mercy + merit + message + metal + meter + method + million + mincemeat + minute + misfortune + misspell + monthly + movable + much + multiplicand + multiplication + multiply + muscle + myth + natural + naughty + naval + navy + necessary + needle + neglect + news + niece + ninety + ninth + none + nor + notified + notifies + notify + notion + noun + numerator + numerous + obedience + obedient + obeyed + object + objection + oblige + oblong + obtain + occupation + occupied + occupy + ocean + office + official + often + once + opera + opposite + oral + ore + owner + package + pansy + parcel + pardon + parent + passage + passenger + patience + patient + patiently + pattern + pavement + peace + peaceful + peculiar + peddle + peddler + peddling + peninsula + peril + perilous + period + perish + person + personal + phonics + piece + plants + plaster + plateau + plurals + poetry + popular + population + position + possess + possible + possibly + postage + postal + powder + prairie + preceded + precious + presence + present + president + primer + prisoner + private + prize + problem + proceed + produce + product + professor + profit + profitable + progress + pronoun + pronounce + proper + property + prove + proverb + provide + pupil + pursue + quarry + quarter + quartet + question + quit + quotation + quotient + raise + rallied + rally + ranch + rapidly + read + ready + real + realize + reaps + reason + rebel + recede + receive + recent + reckon + records + regard + region + regret + regular + relation + relative + relief + remember + repent + replied + replies + reply + resist + respect + respectable + respectfully + restrain + result + retire + retreat + return + revenge + rhyme + ridge + robber + robbery + rogue + rosy + royal + rude + rule + ruler + saddle + safety + said + salary + satisfy + savage + says + scene + scheme + science + scissors + scythe + section + secure + seems + self + senior + sensible + separate + separately + separation + serious + several + severe + severity + shallow + shelf + shepherd + shield + shoes + sickness + sight + signature + silence + since + sincere + sincerely + situation + skating + skeleton + skillful + slowly + smiling + sober + social + society + soil + soldier + solve + some + sorely + source + southern + sows + sparkle + sparkling + speaker + speech + spindle + sponge + sprain + sputter + stamp + statement + steadied + steady + stern + stopped + story + strait + struck + struggle + student + studied + study + subject + subtraction + sudden + suffer + suffix + summon + supply + support + surely + surface + suspect + sword + syllable + sympathy + system + teacher + telegram + telegraph + telephone + temper + temperate + tenth + therefore + thief + thieves + thimble + thread + through + throw + thus + thyself + tidy + tire + tired + too + torrid + total + town + tramp + transform + trial + tribe + triumph + trough + trunk + tunnel + twit + unable + unasked + uncharitable + unexpected + uniform + university + unpleasant + unravel + until + used + utter + uttermost + vacancy + valuable + value + variety + verb + very + vicinity + victim + victory + view + violin + volcanoes + vote + vowels + wander + war + wealth + week + western + whether + width + won + wonder + wonderful + worse + worst + worthy + would + wrong + yield + + + + +THE ALDINE SPELLER + +PART THREE + +SIXTH YEAR + +[Illustration: THE STAR-SPANGLED BANNER] + + +SIXTH YEAR + +1 + + span gle + star-span gled + ban ner + gal lant ly + twi light + +2 + + proud ly + hailed + gleam ing + stream ing + ram parts + +3 + + dawn + stripes + rock et + bomb + proof + +4 + + broad + through + per il ous + ear ly + watched + +5 + +THE STAR-SPANGLED BANNER + + O say, can you see, by the dawn’s early light, + What so proudly we hailed at the twilight’s last gleaming? + Whose broad stripes and bright stars, through the perilous fight, + O’er the ramparts we watched, were so gallantly streaming? + And the rockets’ red glare, the bombs bursting in air, + Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there; + O say, does that star-spangled banner yet wave + O’er the land of the free and the home of the brave? + + —FRANCIS SCOTT KEY. + +Study the words and write the stanza from memory. + +6 + + na tion + na tion al + cer e mo ny + fol low ing + ob serve + +7 + + sun rise + sun set + me mo ri al + spec ta tors + at ten tion + +8 + + dur ing + du ra ble + mil i tary + mi li tia + re quire + +9 + + staff + rev o lu tion + re volv er + reg u la tions + sa lute + +10 + + hoist + un cov er + a rise + low ered + re view + +11 + + fu ner al + mourn ing + mourn ful + con clu sion + halt + +12 + +CEREMONY OF THE NATIONAL FLAG + +_In order to show the proper respect to the flag the following ceremony +should be observed_: + + It should not be hoisted before sunrise nor allowed to remain + up after sunset. + + At “retreat,” sunset, civilian spectators should stand + at “attention” and uncover during the playing of the + “Star-Spangled Banner.” Military spectators are required by + regulation to stand at attention and give the military salute. + + When the National colors are passing on parade, or in review, + the spectator should, if walking, halt, and if sitting, arise, + and stand at attention and uncover. + + When the flag is flown at half staff as a sign of mourning + it should be hoisted to full staff at the conclusion of the + funeral. + + In placing the flag at half staff, it should first be hoisted + to the top of the staff and then lowered to position, and + before lowering from half staff it should be first raised to + the top. + + On Memorial Day the flag should fly at half staff from sunrise + to noon, and full staff from noon to sunset.—SONS OF THE + REVOLUTION IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK. + +Read the above rules for showing respect to the flag, then close your +book and write them from memory using your own words. + + +FLAG NAMES + + Old Glory. + The Stars and Stripes. + The Flower of Liberty.—HOLMES. + Freedom’s Banner.—DRAKE. + +13 + + to tal + o pin ion + Brit ish + va ry + va ri ous + +14 + + dec la ra tion + to geth er + al to geth er + or i gin + o rig i nal + +15 + + claim + con cludes + a dopt + rep re sent + Eng land + +16 + + Eng lish + Ire land + I rish + Scot land + Scot tish + +17 + +The president’s salute and the British royal salute are the +same—twenty-one guns. There are various opinions as to the origin of +this number. Some claim that the original number was seven and that +twenty-one was adopted to represent the union of England, Scotland, and +Ireland—seven guns for each country. + +18 + + ac count + ed i tor + i ci cle + fact + cob web + +19 + + news pa per + rec i ta tion + pay ment + non sense + de cline + +20 + + re quest + close ly + gos sip + moist + mois ture + +21 + + men tion + puz zle + rid dle + mi ser + o dor + +In some words the final _e_ is dropped when an ending beginning with a +vowel is added. This is the rule in Lessons 22 and 23, 24 and 25. + +22 + + ar rive + ar riv al + bore + bor ing + bounce + bounc ing + com bine + com bi na tion + +23 + + pre serve + pre serv ing + com pare + com par ing + pro mote + pro mo tion + ed u cate + ed u ca tion + +24 + + de serve + dodge + re move + ram ble + pledge + in clude + re fuse + en gage + +25 + + sac ri fice + pause + med dle + lodge + in quire + en close + es cape + move + +26 + +Add _ing_ to each word in Lesson 24. In doing this drop the final _e_ +because the new ending _ing_ begins with a vowel. + +27 + +Add _ing_ to each word in Lesson 25. What letter must be dropped? Why? + +28 + + yoke + annoy + an noyed + mocked + for ev er + +29 + + de clared + sub mit + sub mit ting + at tached + fes ti val + +30 + + drudge + drudg er y + an nu al + hol i day + al tar + +31 + + per fume + i dle ness + con tin ue + con tin u ing + e vent + +32 + +THE CALF AND THE OX + + A calf that had never felt the yoke, _mocked_ an ox who was + _attached_ to a plow for _submitting_ to such _drudgery_. The + ox was _annoyed_ but _continued_ his work. + + Not long after there was a great _festival_. The ox had his + _annual_ holiday for this _event_, but the calf was sacrificed + on the altar. + + “If that is the end of idleness,” _declared_ the ox, “I think + work is better. I had rather my neck felt the yoke forever than + the ax for a moment.”—ÆSOP. + +Rewrite the above fable using other words in the place of those that are +italicized. + +33 + + ma hog a ny + bun ga low + clap board + ce dar + pal ace + man sion + +34 + + ex te ri or + in te ri or + ve ran da + shin gles + pi az za + brack et + +35 + +The plural of nouns is generally formed by adding _s_ to the singular. +You have learned that some nouns ending in _f_ change the _f_ to _v_ +and add _es_. You have also learned that nouns ending in _y_ preceded +by a consonant change _y_ to _i_ and add _es_. Some nouns ending in _o_ +preceded by a consonant form the plural by adding _es_. + +Write the plural of the following. + + he ro + cal i co + car go + po ta to + ech o + buf fa lo + ne gro + mot to + +36 + +Nouns ending in _s_, _sh_, _ch_, and _x_ generally form their plurals by +adding _es_. + +Write the plural of the following. + + crutch + brush + fox + glass + torch + wish + box + class + +37 + + si lent + si lent ly + si lence + safe ly + saf est + +38 + + re spond + re sponse + re fer + se lect + a ris es + +39 + + a ris ing + im per ti nent + im per ti nence + con tra dict + con tra dic tion + +40 + + vul gar + vul gar i ty + en vy + en vied + en vi ous + +41 + +Silence is the safest response for all the contradiction that arises from +impertinence, vulgarity or envy.—ZIMMERMAN. + +42 + + char ac ter + style + su preme + ex cel + ex cel lent + ex cel lence + +43 + + sim ple + sim pli fy + which + sim ply + sim plic i ty + sep a rate + +44 + +In character, in manners, in style, true, supreme excellence is +simplicity.—LONGFELLOW. + +You can not dream yourself into a character; you must hammer and forge +yourself one.—FROUDE. + +45 + + ceil ing + con ceit + re lieve + re ceipt + re ceive + re lief + +46 + + de ceit + de ceit ful + be lieve + de ceive + be lief + be liev ing + +In every one of the above words you will find either the letters _ei_ or +_ie_. In every word these two letters are pronounced _e_. How can you +know when to use _ie_ and when to use _ei_? There is a very easy way to +remember. Look at the word _Alice_. What letter comes after _l_? In using +_ie_ or _ei_, _i_ always follows _l_ just as it does in _Alice_. What +letter in _Alice_ follows _c_? In using _ie_ or _ei_, _e_ always follows +_c_ just as it does in _Alice_. Look at the words in Lesson 45 and 46 +and see if this is not so. Whenever you have occasion to use any word +containing these letters, remember the word _Alice_. That is the keyword. + +Another easy rule applies to _ie_ in other words. Be sure to remember it. + + “_I_ before _e_ + Except after _c_ + Or when sounded as _a_ + As in _neighbor_ or _weigh_.” + +47 + + brief + chief + field + fiend + fierce + niece + +48 + + grief + grieve + pier + pierce + piece + priest + +49 + + se ries + thief + siege + shield + wield + yield + +50 + + friend + mis chief + a chieve + tier + sieve + fron tier + +In the following words the _e_ comes before the _i_ in accordance with +the rule on page 47, for the _ei_ is pronounced like _a_. + +51 + + neigh + neigh bor + weigh + eight + freight + sleigh + +52 + + rein + reign + veil + vein + skein + weight + +The following words are exceptions to the rule “_i_ before _e_.” + +53 + + nei ther + lei sure + heif er + for feit + seize + +54 + + an cient + height + for eign + sov er eign + coun ter feit + +In the previous grade you learned that there are one hundred words that +are so frequently misspelled that they have been named the “One Hundred +Spelling Demons.” Review that list of “Demons” on pages 11 and 12. + +On this page and the next are given one hundred more “Demons.” They are +very common words that are frequently misspelled. Have you studied them +carefully enough so that you can always spell them correctly? + + whose + walk + worth + against + eight + loving + world + comb + course + should + patient + ladies + journey + nature + taught + pitied + awful + cheap + disappoint + cousin + until + almost + quiet + written + honor + lying + except + health + language + wound + clothes + beauty + already + kneel + grief + other + able + dollar + either + neither + money + daily + another + knife + laugh + feel + potatoes + such + replied + given + action + carriage + nothing + even + doesn’t + using + climb + flour + paid + necessary + wrist + guard + apron + front + linen + people + toilet + oven + pretty + heart + all right + meal + shown + weather + happiest + chief + fault + motion + union + hopeful + usual + tongue + kitchen + ounce + money + hasn’t + please + mean + knowledge + catch + reach + faithful + shovel + jewelry + trouble + banana + choice + heard + wonder + collar + +55 + + fa vor + fa vor ite + fa vor a ble + quotes + quo ta tions + oc cu pa tion + +56 + + read y + read i ly + ar mor + of fense + of fen sive + an ec dotes + +57 + + de fend + de fense + de fen sive + col lect + col lec tion + oc ca sion + +58 + + mem o ry + in vent + in ven tion + serves + max im + or gan ize + +59 + +I pick up favorite quotations and store them in my mind as ready armor, +offensive and defensive.—ROBERT BURNS. + +A collection of anecdotes and maxims is the greatest treasure.—GOETHE. + +A great man quotes bravely and will not draw on his invention when his +memory serves him with a word as good.—RALPH WALDO EMERSON. + +Above are three quotations from three great writers telling how important +they consider the memorizing of wise sayings. Learn one of these +quotations and write it from memory. + +60 + + re ward + ful fill + a head + curse + par ish + +61 + + ex pense + ex pen sive + foe man + per formed + pre tend + +62 + + es tab lish + suc cess + through out + pri ma ry + pri ma ri ly + +63 + + worse + worst + re solve + re so lu tion + re quire + +64 + +The reward of one duty faithfully performed, is the power to fulfill +another.—GEORGE. + + One never gets rich until he commences + To keep ahead of his expenses. + + An open foe may prove a curse, + But a pretended friend is worse. + + —GAY. + +65 + +The success of the Scot throughout the world, lies primarily in John +Knox’s resolve to establish a school in every parish in Scotland, and the +law that requires every man—rich and poor—to educate his children.—ANDREW +CARNEGIE. + +66 + + moth + gnaws + gar ment + con sume + sur est + +67 + + en dowed + qual i ties + qual i ty + quan ti ty + quan ti ties + +68 + + qual i fy + no blest + fool ish + ship wreck + in for ma tion + +69 + + Christ mas + ad mis sion + re mind ed + in form + res cue + +70 + +He is foolish to blame the sea who is shipwrecked twice. + +The world does not require so much to be informed as to be +reminded.—HANNAH MORE. + +As moths gnaw a garment, so envy consumes a man.—ST. CHRYSOSTOM. + +The surest proof of being endowed with noble qualities is to be free from +envy.—LA ROCHEFOUCAULD. + +Quality not quantity.—OLD MOTTO. + +71 + + con trast + en large + bath ing + a wak en + fra grant + sep a rate + +72 + + per mit + scent + mere + pris on + sug gest + vol ume + + +AN OCEAN VOYAGE + +73 + + o cean + a board + steam er + voy age + for eign + +74 + + group + heart y + fare well + cruise + folks + +75 + + de par ture + im me di ate + tour ist + bag gage + grad u al ly + +76 + + diz zy + sen sa tion + feel ing + seized + sick ness + +77 + + re tire + berth + cash ion + wrapped + com fort + +78 + + re cov er + smil ing + thank ful + lux u ry + re joice + +79 + + route + wreck + be ware + dis as ter + dam age + +80 + + ma rine + in sur ance + At lan tic + Pa cif ic + e qua tor + +81 + + planned + mu si cian + danc ing + waltz + or ches tra + +82 + + pub lish + pro gram + wire less + mag a zine + jour nal + +83 + + sub scribe + fund + sail or + wid ows + or phans + +84 + + ap proach + in spec tor + in spec tion + cus tom a ry + med i cal + +85 + + dark ness + cloud y + rec og nize + ap pear ance + buoy + +86 + + ar ri val + punc tu al + sched ule + has ten + ear li est + +87 + + quaint + nov el ty + treas ure + pur chase + sketch es + +88 + + ac com plish + tour + ad ven tures + meet ing + ex pe ri ence + wel come + +89 + +The words in Lessons 73-88 may be used to describe an ocean voyage. +Lesson 73 contains words that suggest the picture of going _aboard_ +the _steamer_ for an _ocean voyage_ to _foreign_ lands. Lesson 74 +contains words that suggest the farewell to folks ashore; Lessons 76-77, +seasickness; Lesson 78, the joy at being well again, etc. + +Choose a lesson and write a short description of the picture the words +suggest to you—one sentence will do if you can get all the words into +it, as, Lesson 83—Everyone was asked to _subscribe_ to the _fund_ for +_sailors’ widows_ and _orphans_. + +90 + + de scrip tion + ex pres sion + por tion + pro por tion + com plex ion + ir reg u lar + an i mat ed + +91 + + maj es ty + ma jes tic + fore head + eye brows + stat ure + ath lete + ath let ic + +92 + + lof ty + bald + rud dy + scorch + dirt + de vout + quick + +93 + + gra cious + mod er ate + se rene + formed + flu ent + re lig ion + ex er cise + +94 + +The king was of middle stature, well proportioned and hardy, and active +from athletic exercises. His carriage was free, erect, and majestic. He +had a clear, serene forehead, which appeared more lofty from his head +being partly bald. His eyebrows were large;—his eyes were clear and +animated; his complexion was somewhat ruddy, and scorched by the toils +of war; his mouth moderate, well formed and gracious in expression; his +teeth white though small and irregular; his speech quick and fluent. He +was simple in dress and diet, and devout in his religion.—WASHINGTON +IRVING. + +95 + + in tro duce + in tro duc tion + ap par el + pro claims + hand ker chief + nec es sa ry + +Neat clothing is a good letter of introduction.—SCOTTISH. + +The apparel oft proclaims the man.—SHAKESPEARE. + +96 + + jack et + trou sers + tai lor + rib bon + ho sier y + fash ion + +97 + + slip pers + or na ment + brace let + pearl + cot ton + de sign + +98 + + ruf fle + cal i co + e las tic + fab ric + ma te ri al + ging ham + +99 + + suit + sew + but ton + wrin kle + vel vet + flan nel + +100 + + in dus try + in dus tries + in dus tri ous + as sist ant + as sist ance + +101 + + in sure + in come + part ner + ad vise + lo cal + +102 + + ad ver tise + ad ver tise ment + em ploy ment + em ploy er + as so ci ate + +103 + + as so ci a tion + au thor i ty + ca reer + ap pli cant + ap pli ca tion + + +GOVERNMENT + +104 + + for mal + for mer + for mer ly + or dain + de feat + wel fare + +105 + + do mes tic + tran quil + tran quil li ty + se cu ri ty + pos ter i ty + con sti tu tion + +106 + + We, the people of the United States, in order to form a more + perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, + provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, + and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our + posterity, do ordain and establish this constitution for the + United States of America. + +The above paragraph is the introduction or preamble to the Constitution +of the United States. It tells why the Constitution was made. After your +teacher has explained the meaning, study this preamble and write it from +memory. + +107 + + gov ern + gov er nor + gov ern ment + cit i zen + e qual i ty + de part ment + e qual ly + +108 + + may or + mar shal + coun ty + e lect + e lec tion + chair man + +109 + + pol i cy + po lit i cal + plat form + con gress + ses sion + com mit tee + +110 + + dis trict + bal lot + sen ate + em pire + re pub lic + +111 + + cup ful + spoon ful + fear ful + hand ful + wake ful + +112 + + watch ful + bas ket ful + dread ful + pow er ful + aw ful + +113 + + truth ful + trust ful + shame ful + mourn ful + fright ful + +With what syllable does every word in Lessons 111-113 end? There is only +one _l_ at the end of each final syllable. When the word _full_ forms the +ending of another word, it is always written with one _l_. + +114 + + fan cy + fan ci ful + play + play ful + pit y + pit i ful + plen ty + plen ti ful + +Which of the words in the above lesson changes the final _y_ to _i_ when +_ful_ is added? Why? Which does not? Why not? + +115 + + su per in tend ent + prin ci pal + en ter tain ment + pub li ca tion + in ves ti ga tion + pho to graph + +116 + + ci gar + cig a rette + to bac co + cam er a + mes sen ger + as sem bly + ca det + can di date + +117 + + re spect + es teem + com pa ny + sign + rep u ta tion + as so ci ate + has ti ly + be hav ior + +118 + +RULES OF BEHAVIOR + +Every action in company ought to be with some sign of respect to those +present. + +Think before you speak, pronounce not imperfectly, nor bring your words +too hastily, but orderly and distinctly. + +Associate yourself with men of good quality, if you esteem your own +reputation; for it is better to be alone than in bad company.—GEORGE +WASHINGTON. + +All service is the same with God.—BROWNING. + +119 + + cler gy man + bish op + min is ter + priest + bless ing + +120 + + ser mon + wor ship + cat e chism + chap el + choir + +121 + + col lec tion + hymn + ser vant + ser vice + law yer + +122 + + le gal + il le gal + in her it + jus tice + ju ry + +123 + + oath + term + crime + in no cent + po lice + +124 + + wit ness + pi rate + bur glar + cap tive + cap ture + +125 + + cir cuit + court + con sult + con vict + con vince + +126 + + ar gu ment + de ci sion + dis grace + dis pute + jew el er + +127 + + ar rest + en trance + flight + length + an swer + +128 + + meas ure + run ning + al low + them selves + spec ial + +129 + + wait + a wait + sup pose + for ward + loss + +130 + + ob ject + man ner + fea ture + in jure + man a ger + +Labor, you know, is prayer.—BAYARD TAYLOR. + +131 + + drug gist + di plo ma + dis play + ex hib it + ar ni ca + +132 + + throat + al co hol + tab let + liq uor + fix ture + +133 + + den tist + cav i ty + de cay + dis ease + pulse + +134 + + ar ter y + vein + cramp + deaf + stom ach + +135 + + ill ness + grippe + croup + phys ic + poul tice + +136 + + a poth e ca ry + tem per a ture + ther mom e ter + vac ci nate + can cer + +137 + + valve + var nish + as phalt + cin der + chis el + +138 + + pol ish + switch + brake + tack le + sig nal + +139 + + flu id + fil ter + gas o line + high way + clutch + +140 + + flo rist + fer ti lize + bou quet + fo li age + in sect + +141 + + car na tion + ge ra ni um + cat er pil lar + dec o rate + dec o ra tion + +142 + + ag ri cul ture + let tuce + lo cust + maize + pars nip + +Taste the joy that springs from labor.—LONGFELLOW. + +143 + + plan ta tion + po ta toes + poul try + pump kin + rasp ber ries + +144 + + rhu barb + ru ral + cu cum ber + a pri cot + as par a gus + +145 + + bram ble + breed + bri er + cel er y + chore + +146 + + churn + cis tern + chopped + rye + drought + +147 + + man u fac ture + man u fac tur er + found ry + foun da tion + hy drant + +148 + + fi ber + fric tion + mor tar + pat ent + fau cet + +149 + + ma chin er y + ma chin ist + me chan ics + con tract + con trac tor + +150 + + sam ple + ve hi cle + bel lows + re pair + in cline + +151 + + bank er + draft + de pos it + cred it + clerk + +152 + + cash ier + pay ment + mer chant + whole sale + re tail + +153 + + ker o sene + gin ger + fac to ry + fur ni ture + hal i but + +154 + + lob ster + mack er el + sal mon + bu reau + cab i net + +Without labor life is dull, a man useless. + +155 + + mo las ses + mus tard + mut ton + grease + sir up + +156 + + starch + sau sa ges + va nil la + vin e gar + al mond + +157 + + cheap ly + cin na mon + co co nut + ko dak + auc tion eer + +158 + + ma son + trow el + gran ite + auc tion + lens + +159 + + laun der + laun dry + knead + grid dle + lunch eon + +160 + + house hold + muf fin + om e let + pas try + pro vi sions + +161 + + sal ad + ca fé + canned + chow der + cus tard + +162 + + des sert + pro pri e tor + res tau rant + ap pe tite + board er + +163 + + ten ant + ten e ment + a part + a part ment + va cant + +164 + + un der tak er + hearse + cas ket + cof fin + cem e ter y + +165 + + ac tor + the a ter + ap plaud + au di ence + ad mi ral + +166 + + en gine + en gi neer + gen u ine + qui et + work + + +REVIEW LIST + +On this and the following page are 148 of the 1000 most common words. You +have studied all of them. How many can you spell correctly? + + spend + enjoy + awful + usual + vacation + beautiful + flight + travel + rapid + trouble + entrance + importance + carried + loss + fortune + empire + mayor + wait + beg + engine + family + favor + husband + amount + human + view + election + clerk + though + o’clock + support + does + regard + escape + since + which + length + destroy + newspaper + daughter + answer + reply + oblige + sail + cities + known + several + desire + nearly + sometimes + declare + engage + final + terrible + surprise + period + addition + employ + property + select + firm + region + convict + private + command + debate + crowd + factory + publish + represent + term + section + relative + progress + entire + president + measure + famous + serve + estate + remember + either + important + due + include + running + allow + position + field + ledge + claim + primary + result + Saturday + information + whom + arrest + women + present + action + justice + gentleman + enclose + await + wonderful + direction + forward + although + prompt + attempt + whose + statement + perhaps + their + written + arrange + forenoon + lose + combination + avenue + neighbor + weigh + wear + entertain + salary + visitor + publication + machine + toward + success + drown + secure + honor + promise + wreck + prepare + vessel + busy + prefer + different + according + education + common + diamond + together + article + general + tomorrow + + +VOCABULARY FOR THE SIXTH YEAR + + aboard + accomplish + account + achieve + action + actor + admiral + admission + adopt + adventures + advertise + advertisement + advise + agriculture + ahead + alcohol + allow + almond + altar + altogether + ancient + anecdotes + animated + annoy + annoyed + annual + answer + apart + apartment + apothecary + apparel + appearance + appetite + applaud + applicant + application + approach + apricot + argument + arise + arises + arising + armor + arnica + arrest + arrival + arrive + artery + asparagus + asphalt + assembly + assistance + assistant + associate + association + athlete + athletic + Atlantic + attached + attention + auction + auctioneer + audience + authority + await + awaken + awful + baggage + bald + ballot + banker + banner + basketful + bathing + behavior + belief + believe + believing + bellows + berth + beware + bishop + blessing + boarder + bomb + bore + boring + bounce + bouncing + bouquet + box + bracelet + bracket + brake + bramble + breed + brief + brier + British + brush + buffalo + bungalow + buoy + bureau + burglar + button + cabinet + cadet + café + calico + camera + cancer + candidate + canned + captive + capture + career + cargo + carnation + cashier + casket + catechism + caterpillar + cavity + cedar + ceiling + celery + cemetery + ceremony + chairman + chapel + character + cheaply + chief + chisel + choir + chopped + chore + chowder + Christmas + churn + cigar + cigarette + cinder + cinnamon + circuit + cistern + citizen + claim + clapboard + clerk + clergyman + closely + cloudy + clutch + cobweb + coconut + coffin + collect + collection + combination + combine + comfort + committee + company + compare + comparing + complexion + conceit + concludes + conclusion + congress + constitution + consult + consume + continue + contract + contractor + contradict + contradiction + convict + convince + cotton + counterfeit + county + court + cramp + credit + crime + croup + cruise + crutch + cucumber + cupful + curse + cushion + custard + customary + damage + dancing + darkness + dawn + deaf + decay + deceit + deceitful + decisive + decision + declaration + declared + declined + decorate + decoration + defeat + defend + defense + defensive + dentist + departure + deposit + description + deserve + design + dessert + devout + diet + diploma + disaster + disease + disgrace + display + dispute + district + dizzy + dodge + domestic + draft + dreadful + drought + drudge + drudgery + druggist + durable + dining + earliest + echo + editor + educate + education + eight + elastic + elect + election + empire + employer + employment + enclose + endowed + engage + engine + engineer + England + English + enlarge + entertainment + entrance + envied + envious + envy + equality + equally + equator + escape + establish + esteem + event + excel + excellence + excellent + excursion + exercise + exhibit + expense + expensive + experience + expression + exterior + eyebrows + fabric + fact + factory + fanciful + fancy + farewell + fashion + faucet + favorable + favorite + fearful + feature + feeling + fertilize + festival + fiber + field + fiend + fierce + filter + fixture + flannel + flight + florist + fluent + fluid + foeman + foliage + folks + following + foolish + forehead + foreign + forever + forfeit + formal + formed + former + formerly + forward + foundation + foundry + fox + fragrant + freight + friction + friend + frightful + frontier + fulfill + fund + funeral + furniture + gallantly + garment + gasoline + genuine + geranium + ginger + gingham + glass + gleaming + gnaws + gossip + govern + government + governor + gracious + gradually + granite + grease + griddle + grief + grieve + grippe + group + hailed + halibut + halt + handful + handkerchief + hasten + hastily + hearse + hearty + heifer + height + hero + highway + hoist + holiday + hosiery + household + hydrant + hymn + icicle + idleness + illegal + illness + immediate + impertinence + impertinent + incline + include + income + industries + industrious + industry + inform + information + inherit + injure + innocent + inquire + insect + inspector + inspection + insure + insurance + interior + introduce + introduction + invent + invention + investigation + Ireland + Irish + irregular + jacket + jeweler + journal + justice + jury + kerosene + knead + kodak + launder + lawyer + legal + leisure + length + lens + liquor + lobster + local + locust + lodge + lofty + loss + lowered + luncheon + luxury + machinery + machinist + mackerel + magazine + mahogany + maize + majestic + majesty + manager + manner + mansion + manufacture + manufacturer + marine + marshal + mason + material + maxim + mayor + measure + mechanics + medical + meeting + memorial + memory + mention + merchant + mere + messenger + middle + military + militia + minister + mischief + miser + mocked + moderate + moist + moisture + molasses + mortar + moth + motto + mournful + mourning + move + muffin + musician + mustard + mutton + nation + national + necessary + necessity + negro + neigh + neighbor + neither + newspaper + niece + noblest + nonsense + novelty + oath + object + observe + occasion + occupation + ocean + odor + offense + offensive + omelet + opinion + orchestra + ordain + organize + origin + original + ornament + orphan + Pacific + palace + parish + parsnip + partner + pastry + patent + pause + payment + pearl + performed + perfume + permit + photographs + physic + piazza + piece + pier + pierce + pirate + pitiful + pity + planned + plantation + platform + play + playful + pledge + plentiful + plenty + police + policy + polish + political + portion + posterity + potato + poultice + poultry + powerful + preserve + preserving + pretend + priest + primarily + primary + principal + prison + proclaims + program + promote + promotion + proof + proportion + proportioned + proprietor + proudly + provisions + publications + publish + pulse + pumpkin + punctual + purchase + puzzle + quaint + qualify + qualities + quality + quantities + quantity + quick + quiet + quotations + quotes + ramble + ramparts + raspberries + readily + ready + receipt + receive + recitation + recognize + recover + refer + refuse + regulations + reign + rein + rejoice + relief + relieve + religion + remedy + reminded + remove + repair + represent + republic + reputation + request + require + rescue + resolution + resolve + respect + respond + response + restaurant + retail + retire + review + revolution + revolver + reward + rhubarb + ribbon + riddle + rocket + route + ruddy + ruffle + running + rural + rye + sacrifice + sailor + safety + safest + salad + salmon + salute + sample + sausage + scent + schedule + scorch + Scotland + Scottish + security + seize + seized + select + senate + sensation + separate + serene + series + sermon + servant + serves + service + session + sew + shameful + shield + shingles + shipwreck + sickness + siege + sieve + sign + signal + silence + silent + silently + simple + simplicity + simplify + simply + sirup + skein + sketches + sleigh + slippers + smiling + sovereign + spangled + special + spectators + spoonful + staff + starch + stature + steamer + stomach + streaming + stripes + style + submit + submitting + subscribe + success + suggest + suit + sunrise + sunset + superintendent + suppose + supreme + surest + switch + tablet + tackle + tailor + temperature + tenant + tenement + term + thankful + theater + themselves + thermometer + thief + throat + throughout + tier + tobacco + together + torch + total + tour + tourist + tranquil + tranquillity + treasure + trousers + trowel + trustful + truthful + twilight + uncover + undertaker + vacant + vaccinate + valve + vanilla + various + varnish + vary + vehicle + veil + vein + velvet + veranda + vinegar + volume + voyage + vulgar + vulgarity + wait + wakeful + waltz + watchful + welcome + welfare + weigh + weight + which + wholesale + widows + wield + wireless + wish + witness + work + worse + worship + worst + wrapped + wreck + wrinkle + yield + yoke + + + +*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 75609 *** |