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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/7330-0.txt b/7330-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..111cb32 --- /dev/null +++ b/7330-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1241 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Shouyuan, Volume 13-16, by Xiang Liu + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Shouyuan, Volume 13-16 + +Author: Xiang Liu + +Release Date: May 10, 2009 [EBook #7330] +Release Date: January, 2005 +First Posted: April 14, 2003 + +Language: Chinese + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SHOUYUAN, VOLUME 13-16 *** + + + + +Produced by Nicole Lai + + + + + + + + + 卷十三 權謀 + + 圣王之舉事，必先諦之于謀慮，而后考之于蓍龜。白屋之士，皆關其 +謀；芻蕘之役，咸盡其心。故万舉而無遺籌失策。傳曰：“眾人之智，可 +以測天，兼听獨斷，惟在一人。”此大謀之術也。謀有二端：上謀知命， +其次知事。知命者預見存亡禍福之原，早知盛衰廢興之始，防事之未萌， +避難于無形，若此人者，居亂世則不害于其身，在乎太平之世則必得天下 +之權；彼知事者亦尚矣，見事而知得失成敗之分，而究其所終极，故無敗 +業廢功。孔子曰：“可与适道，未可与權也。”夫非知命知事者，孰能得 +權謀之術。夫權謀有正有邪；君子之權謀正，小人之權謀邪。夫正者，其 +權謀公，故其為百姓盡心也誠；彼邪者，好私尚利，故其為百姓也詐。夫 +詐則亂，誠則平，是故堯之九臣誠而興于朝，其四臣詐而誅于野。誠者隆 +至后世；詐者當身而滅。知命知事而能于權謀者，必察誠詐之原而以處身 +焉，則是亦權謀之術也。夫知者舉事也，滿則慮溢，平則慮險，安則慮危 +，曲則慮直。由重其豫，惟恐不及，是以百舉而不陷也。 + 楊子曰：“事之可以之貧，可以之富者，其傷行者也；事之可以之生 +，可以之死者，其傷勇者也。”仆子曰：“楊子智而不知命，故其知多疑 +，語曰：‘知命者不惑。’晏嬰是也。” + 趙簡子曰：“晉有澤鳴、犢，魯有孔丘，吾殺此三人，則天下可圖也 +。”于是乃召澤鳴、犢，任之以政而殺之。使人聘孔子于魯。孔子至河， +臨水而觀曰：“美哉水！洋洋乎！丘之不濟于此，命也夫！”子路趨進曰 +：“敢問奚謂也？”孔子曰：“夫澤鳴、犢，晉國之賢大夫也。趙簡子之 +未得志也，与之同聞見，及其得志也，殺之而后從政，故丘聞之：刳胎焚 +夭，則麒麟不至；干澤而漁，蛟龍不游；覆巢毀卵，則鳳凰不翔。丘聞之 +：君子重傷其類者也。” + 孔子与齊景公坐，左右白曰：“周使來言廟燔。”齊景公出問曰：“ +何廟也？”孔子曰：“是厘王廟也。”景公曰：“何以知之？”孔子曰： +“詩云：‘皇皇上帝，其命不忒。’天之与人，必報有德，禍亦如之。夫 +厘王變文武之制而作玄黃宮室，輿馬奢侈，不可振也。故天殃其廟，是以 +知之。”景公曰：“天何不殃其身而殃其廟乎？”子曰：“天以文王之故 +也。若殃其身，文王之祀，無乃絕乎？故殃其廟以章其過也。”左右入報 +曰：“周厘王廟也。”景公大惊，起拜曰：“善哉！圣人之智，豈不大乎 +！” + 齊桓公与管仲謀伐莒，謀未發而聞于國。桓公怪之，以問管仲。管仲 +曰：“國必有圣人也。”桓公嘆曰：“日之役者，有執柘杵而上視者，意 +其是邪！”乃令复役，無得相代。少焉，東郭垂至。管仲曰：“此必是也 +。”乃令儐者延而進之，分級而立。管仲曰：“子言伐莒者也？”對曰： +“然。”管仲曰：“我不言伐莒，子何故言伐莒？”對曰：“臣聞君子善 +謀，小人善意，臣竊意之也。”管仲曰：“我不言伐莒，子何以意之？” +對曰：“臣聞君子有三色：优然喜樂者，鐘鼓之色；愀然清淨者，之色； +勃然充滿者，此兵革之色也。日者，臣望君之在台上也，勃然充滿，此兵 +革之色也，君吁而不吟，所言者莒也，君舉臂而指所當者莒也。臣竊慮小 +諸侯之未服者，其惟莒乎？臣故言之。”君子曰：“凡耳之聞，以聲也。 +今不聞其聲而以其容与臂，是東郭垂不以耳听而聞也。桓公、管仲雖善謀 +，不能隱圣人之听于無聲，視于無形，東郭垂有之矣。故桓公乃尊祿而禮 +之。” + 晉太史屠余見晉國之亂，見晉平公之驕而無德義也，以其國法歸周。 +周威公見而問焉，曰：“天下之國，其孰先亡。”對曰：“晉先亡。”威 +公問其說。對曰：“臣不敢直言，示晉公以天妖，日月星辰之行多不當， +曰：‘是何能然？’示以人事多義，百姓多怨，曰：‘是何傷？’示以鄰 +國不服，賢良不与，曰：‘是何害？’是不知所以存，所以亡。故臣曰： +‘晉先亡。’居三年，晉果亡。威公又見屠余而問焉。曰：“孰次之。” +對曰：“中山次之。”威公問其故。對曰：“天生民，令有辨，有辨，人 +之義也。所以异于禽獸麋鹿也，君臣上下所以立也。中山之俗，以晝為夜 +，以夜繼日，男女切菘，固無休息，淫昏康樂，歌謳好悲，其主弗知惡， +此亡國之風也。臣故曰：‘中山次之。’居二年，中山果亡。威公又見屠 +余而問曰：“孰次之。”屠余不對。威公固請。屠余曰：“君次之。”威 +公懼，求國之長者，得疇、田邑而禮之，又得史理、趙巽以為諫臣，去苛 +令三十九物，以告屠余。屠余曰：“其尚終君之身。臣聞國之興也，天遺 +之賢人，与之极諫之；國之亡也，天与之亂人与善諛者。”威公薨，九月 +不得葬。周乃分而為二，故有道者言，不可不重也。 + 齊侯問于晏子曰：“當今之時，諸侯孰危？”對曰：“莒其亡乎？” +公曰：“奚故？”對曰：“地侵于齊，貨竭于晉，是以亡也。” + 智伯從韓、魏之兵以攻趙，圍晉陽之城而溉之，城不沒者三板。疵謂 +智伯曰：“韓、魏之君必反矣。”智伯曰：“何以知之？”對曰：“夫胜 +趙而三分其地，今城未沒者三板，臼灶生，人馬相食，城降有日矣。而韓 +、魏之君無喜志而有憂色，是非反何也？”明日，智伯謂韓、魏之君曰： +“疵言君之反也。”韓、魏之君曰：“必胜趙而三分其地，今城將胜矣。 +夫二家雖愚，不棄美利而嘉澳巡豢沙芍詞攏財涫瓶杉病譴帽匚罷運稻睬沂 +咕疑二主之心，而解于攻趙也。今君听讒臣之言而离二主之交，為君惜之 +。”智伯出，欲殺疵，疵逃。韓、魏之君果反。 + 魯公索氏將祭而亡其牲。孔子聞之，曰：“公索氏比及三年必亡矣。 +”后一年而亡。弟子問曰：“昔公索氏亡牲，夫子曰：‘比及三年必亡矣 +。’今期年而亡。夫子何以知其將亡也。”孔子曰：“祭之為言索也，索 +也者盡也，乃孝子所以自盡于親也。至祭而亡其牲，則余所亡者多矣。吾 +以此知其將亡矣。” + 蔡侯、宋公、鄭伯朝于晉。蔡侯謂叔向曰：“子亦奚以語我？”對曰 +：“蔡言地計眾，不若宋鄭。其車馬衣裘侈于二國，諸侯其有圖蔡者乎？ +”處期年，荊伐蔡而殘之。 + 白圭之中山，中山王欲留之，固辭而去。又之齊，齊王亦欲留之，又 +辭而去，人問其辭。白圭曰：“二國將亡矣。所學者國有五盡，故莫之必 +忠，則言盡矣；莫之必譽，則名盡矣；莫之必愛，則親盡矣；行者無糧， +居者無食，則財盡矣；不能用人又不能自用，則功盡矣；國有此五者，毋 +幸，必亡。中山与齊皆當此。若使中山之与齊也，聞五盡而更之，則必不 +亡也，其患在不聞也，雖聞又不信也。然則人主之務，在善听而已矣。” + 下蔡威公閉門而哭，三日三夜，泣盡而繼以血，旁鄰窺牆而問之。曰 +：“子何故而哭，悲若此乎？”對曰：“吾國且亡。”曰：“何以知也？ +”應之曰：“吾聞病之將死也，不可為良醫；國之將亡也，不可為計謀； +吾數諫吾君，吾君不用，是以知國之將亡也。”于是窺牆者聞其言，則舉 +宗而去之楚。居數年，楚王果舉兵伐蔡。窺牆者為司馬，將兵而往來，虜 +甚眾。問曰：“得無有昆弟故人乎？”見威公縛在虜中，問曰：“若何以 +至于此？”應曰：“吾何以不至于此？且吾聞之也，言之者行之役也，行 +之者言之主也。汝能行我言，汝為主，我為役，吾亦何以不至于此哉？” +窺牆者乃言之于楚王，遂解其縛，与俱之楚。故曰：“能言者未必能行， +能行者未必能言。” + 管仲有疾，桓公往問之，曰：“仲父若棄寡人，豎刁可使從政乎？” +對曰：“不可。豎刁自刑以求入君，其身之忍，將何有于君。”公曰：“ +然則易牙可乎？”對曰：“易牙解其子以食君，其子之忍，將何有于君， +若用之必為諸侯笑。”及桓公歿，豎刁易牙乃作難。桓公死六十日，虫出 +于戶而不收。 + 石乞侍坐于屈建。屈建曰：“白公其為亂乎？”石乞曰：“是何言也 +？白公至于室無營所，下士者三人与己相若，臣者五人，所与同衣者千人 +。白公之行若此，何故為亂？”屈建曰：“此建之所謂亂也。以君子行， +則可于國家行。過禮則國家疑之，且苟不難下其臣，必不難高其君矣。建 +是以知夫子將為亂也。”處十月，白公果為亂。 + 韓昭侯造作高門。屈宜咎曰：“昭侯不出此門。”曰：“何也？”曰 +：“不時。吾所謂不時者，非時日也。人固有利不利，昭侯嘗利矣，不作 +高門。往年秦拔宜陽，明年大旱民飢，不以此時恤民之急也，而顧反益奢 +，此所謂福不重至，禍必重來者也！”高門成，昭侯卒。竟不出此門。 + 田子顏自大術至乎平陵城下，見人子問其父，見人父問其子。田子方 +曰：“其以平陵反乎？吾聞行于內，然后施于外。外顏欲使其眾甚矣。” +后果以平陵叛。 + 晉人已胜智氏，歸而繕甲砥兵。楚王恐，召梁公弘曰：“晉人已胜智 +氏矣。歸而繕甲兵，其以我為事乎？”梁公曰：“不患，害其在吳乎？夫 +吳君恤民而同其勞，使其民重上之令，而人輕其死以從上，使如虜之戰， +臣登山以望之，見其用百姓之信，必也勿已乎？其備之若何？”不听，明 +年，闔廬襲郢。 + 楚庄王欲伐陳，使人視之。使者曰：“陳不可伐也。”庄王曰：“何 +故？”對曰：“其城郭高，溝壑深，蓄積多，其國宁也。”王曰：“陳可 +伐也。夫陳，小國也，而蓄積多，蓄積多則賦斂重，賦斂重則民怨上矣。 +城郭高，溝壑深，則民力罷矣。”興兵伐之，遂取陳。 + 石益謂孫伯曰：“吳將亡矣！吾子亦知之乎？”孫伯曰：“晚矣，子 +之知之也。吾何為不知？”石益曰：“然則子何不以諫？”孫伯曰：“昔 +桀罪諫者，紂焚圣人，剖王子比干之心。袁氏之婦，絡而失其紀，其妾告 +之，怒棄之。夫亡者，豈斯人知其過哉？” + 孝宣皇帝之時，霍氏奢靡，茂陵徐先生曰：“霍氏必亡。夫在人之右 +而奢，亡之道也。孔子曰：‘奢則不遜。’夫不遜者必侮上，侮上者，逆 +之道也。出人之右，人必害之。今氏秉權，天下之人疾害之者多矣。夫天 +下害之而又以逆道行之，不亡何待？”乃上書言霍氏奢靡，陛下即愛之， +宜以時抑制，無使至于亡。書三上，輒報：“聞。”其后霍氏果滅。董忠 +等以其功封。人有為徐先生上書者，曰：“臣聞客有過主人者，見灶直， +傍有積薪。客謂主人曰：‘曲其，遠其積薪，不者將有火患。’主人默然 +不應，居無几何，家果失火。鄉聚里中人哀而救之，火幸息。于是殺牛置 +酒，燔發灼爛者在上行，余各用功次坐，而反不錄言曲者。向使主人听客 +之言，不費牛酒，終無火患。今茂陵徐福數上書言霍氏且有變，宜防絕之 +。向使福說得行，則無裂地出爵之費，而國安平自如。今往事既已，而福 +獨不得与其功，惟陛下察客徙薪曲之策，而使居燔發灼爛之右。”書奏， +上使人賜徐福帛十匹，拜為郎。 + 齊桓公將伐山戎、孤竹，使人請助于魯。魯君進群臣而謀，皆曰：“ +師行數十里，入蠻夷之地，必不反矣。”于是魯許助之而不行。齊已伐山 +戎、孤竹，而欲移兵于魯。管仲曰：“不可。諸侯未親，今又伐遠而還誅 +近鄰，鄰國不親，非霸王之道，君之所得山戎之寶器者，中國之所鮮也， +不可不進周公之廟乎？”桓公乃分山戎之寶，獻之周公之廟。明年起兵伐 +莒。魯下令丁男悉發，五尺童子皆至。孔子曰：“圣人轉禍為福，報怨以 +德。”此之謂也。 + 中行文子出亡至邊，從者曰：“為此嗇夫者君人也，胡不休焉，且待 +后車者。”文子曰：“异日吾好音，此子遺吾琴，吾好佩，又遺吾玉，是 +不非吾過者也，自容于我者也。吾恐其以我求容也，遂不入。”后車入門 +，文子問嗇夫之所在，執而殺之。仲尼聞之，曰：“中行文子背道失義以 +亡其國，然后得之，猶活其身，道不可遺也，若此。” + 衛靈公涀被以与婦人游，子貢見公。公曰：“衛其亡乎？”對曰：“ +昔者夏桀，殷紂不任其過故亡；成湯、文武知任其過故興，衛奚其亡也？ +” + 智伯請地于魏宣子，宣子不与。任增曰：“何為不与？”宣子曰：“ +彼無故而請地，吾是以不与。”任增曰：“彼無故而請地者，無故而与之 +，是重欲無厭也。彼喜，必又請地于諸侯，諸侯不与，必怒而伐之。”宣 +子曰：“善。”遂与地。智伯喜，又請地于趙，趙不与，智伯怒，圍晉陽 +。韓、魏合趙而反智氏，智氏遂滅。 + 楚庄王与晉戰，胜之，懼諸侯之畏己也，乃筑為五仞之台，台成而觴 +諸侯，諸侯請約。庄王曰：“我薄德之人也。”諸侯請為觴。乃仰而曰： +“將將之台，其謀，我言而不當，諸侯伐之。”于是遠者來朝，近者入賓 +。 + 吳王夫差破越，又將伐陳。楚大夫皆懼，曰：“昔闔廬能用其眾，故 +破我于柏舉。今聞夫差又甚焉。”子西曰：“二三子，恤不相睦也，無患 +吳矣，昔闔廬食不貳味，處不重席，擇不取費。在國，天有災，親戚乏困 +而供之；在軍，食熟者半而后食。其所嘗者，卒乘必与焉。是以民不罷勞 +，死知不曠。今夫差，次有台榭陂池焉；宿有妃嬙嬪御焉。一日之行，所 +欲必成，玩好必從，珍异是聚，夫差先自敗己，焉能敗我？” + 越破吳，請師于楚以伐晉。楚王与大夫皆懼，將許之。左史倚相曰： +“此恐吾攻己，故示我不病。請為長轂千乘，卒三万，与分吳地也。”庄 +王听之，遂取東國。 + 陽虎為難于魯，走之齊，請師于魯，齊侯許之。鮑文子曰：“不可也 +。陽虎欲齊師破，齊師破，大臣必多死，于是欲奮其詐謀。夫虎有寵于季 +氏而將殺季孫，以不利魯國而容其求焉。今君富于季氏而大于魯國，茲陽 +虎所欲傾覆也。魯免其疾，而君又收之，毋乃害乎？”齊君乃執之，免而 +奔晉。 + 湯欲伐桀。伊尹曰：“請阻乏貢職以觀其動。”桀怒，起九夷之師以 +伐之。伊尹曰：“未可。彼尚猶能起九夷之師，是罪在我也。”湯乃謝罪 +請服，复入貢職。明年，又不供貢職。桀怒，起九夷之師，九夷之師不起 +。伊尹曰：“可矣。”湯乃興師，伐而殘之。遷桀南巢氏焉。 + 武王伐紂，過隧斬岸，過水折舟，過谷發梁，過山焚萊，示民無返志 +也。至于有戎之隧，大風折。散宜生諫曰：“此其妖歟？”武王曰：“非 +也。天落兵也。”風霽而乘以大雨，水平地而嗇。散宜生又諫曰：“此其 +妖歟？”武王曰：“非也，天洒兵也。”卜而龜窖蛂松眾稍唬骸按似溲俊 +蔽渫踉唬骸安煥緣混簦怖曰髦冢彩嬤匆選！憊飾王順天地，犯三妖而禽紂 +于牧野，其所獨見者精也。 + 晉文公与荊人戰于城濮，君問于咎犯。咎犯對曰：“服義之君，不足 +于信；服戰之君，不足于詐，詐之而已矣。”君問于雍季，雍季對曰：“ +焚林而田，得獸雖多，而明年無复也；干澤而漁，得魚雖多，而明年無复 +也。詐猶可以偷利，而后無報。”遂与荊軍戰，大敗之。及賞，先雍季而 +后咎犯。侍者曰：“城濮之戰，咎犯之謀也！”君曰：“雍季之言，百世 +之謀也；咎犯之言，一時之權也，寡人既行之矣。” + 城濮之戰，文公謂咎犯曰：“吾卜戰而龜妗Ｎ身撚窶銣m乘輟縲羌脖 +瞬倨潯參操其標。吾又夢与荊王搏，彼在上，我在下，吾欲無戰，子以為 +何如？”咎犯對曰：“十戰龜絞薔艘病矣乘輳脖吮乘輳脖巳掖又匆病縲羌 +簡靺倨潯參也倨潯輳慘隕彼利，以擊則我利。君夢与荊王搏，彼在上， +君在下，則君見天而荊王伏其罪也。且吾以宋衛為主，齊秦輔我，我合天 +道，獨以人事固將胜之矣。”文公從之，荊人大敗。 + 越飢，句踐懼。四水進諫曰：“夫飢，越之福也，而吳之禍也。夫吳 +國甚富而財有余，其君好名而不思后患。若我卑辭重幣以請糴于吳，吳必 +与我，与我則吳可取也。”越王從之。吳將与之，子胥諫曰：“不可。夫 +吳越接地鄰境，道易通，仇讎敵戰之國也。非吳有越，越必有吳矣，夫齊 +晉不能越三江五湖以亡吳越，不如因而攻之，是吾先王闔廬之所以霸也。 +且夫飢何哉？亦猶淵也，敗伐之事，誰國無有？君若不攻而輸之糴，則利 +去而凶至，財匱而民怨，悔無及也。”吳王曰：“吾聞義兵不服仁人，不 +以餓飢而攻之，雖得十越，吾不為也。”遂与糴，三年，吳亦飢，請糴于 +越，越王不与而攻之，遂破吳。 + 趙簡子使成何、涉他与衛靈公盟于澤。靈公未喋盟。成何、涉他停說 +矗靈公怒，欲反趙。王孫商曰：“君欲反趙，不如与百姓同惡之。”公曰 +：“若何？”對曰：“請命臣令于國曰：‘有姑姊妹女者家一人，質于趙 +。’百姓必怨，君因反之矣。”君曰：“善。”乃令之三日，遂征之五日 +，而令畢國人巷哭。君乃召國大夫而謀曰：“趙為無道，反之可乎？”大 +夫皆曰：“可。”乃出西門，閉東門，越王聞之，縛涉他而斬之，以謝于 +衛，成何走燕。子貢曰：“王孫商可謂善謀矣。憎人而能害之；有患而能 +處之；欲用民而能附之；一舉而三物俱至，可謂善謀矣。” + 楚成王贊諸屬諸侯，使魯君為仆，魯君致大夫而謀曰：“我雖小，亦 +周之建國也。今成王以我為仆，可乎？”大夫皆曰：“不可。”公儀休曰 +：“不可不听楚王，身死國亡，君之臣乃君之有也；為民，君也！”魯君 +遂為仆。 + 齊景公以其子妻闔廬，送諸郊。泣曰：壯死不汝見矣。”高夢子曰： +“齊負海而縣山，縱不能全收天下，誰干我君？愛則勿行！”公曰：“余 +有齊國之固，不能以令諸侯，又不能听，是生亂也。寡人聞之，不能令則 +莫若從，且夫吳若蜂蠆然，不棄毒于人則不靜，余恐棄毒于我也。”遂之 +。 + 齊欲妻鄭太子忽，太子忽辭，人問其故，太子曰：“人各有偶，齊大 +，非吾偶也。詩云：‘自求多福。’在我而已矣。”后戎伐齊，齊請師于 +鄭。鄭太子忽率師而救齊，大敗戎師，齊又欲妻之。太子固辭，人問其故 +。對曰：“無事于齊，吾猶不敢。今以君命救齊之急，受室以歸，人其以 +我為師婚乎？”終辭之。 + 孔子問漆雕馬人曰：“子事臧文仲、武仲、孺子容，三大夫者，孰為 +賢？”漆雕馬人對曰：“臧氏家有龜焉，名曰蔡；文仲立三年為一兆焉； +武仲立三年為二兆焉；孺子容立三年為三兆焉，馬人立之矣。若夫三大夫 +之賢不賢，馬人不識也。”孔子曰：“君子哉！漆雕氏之子，其言人之美 +也，隱而顯；其言人之過也，微而著。故智不能及，明不能見，得無數卜 +乎？” + 安陵纏以顏色美壯，得幸于楚共王。江乙往見安陵纏，曰：“子之先 +人豈有矢石之功于王乎？”曰：“無有。”江乙曰：“子之身豈亦有乎？ +”曰：“無有。”江乙曰：“子之貴何以至于此乎？”曰：“仆不知所以 +。”江乙曰：“吾聞之，以財事人者，財盡而交疏；以色事人者，華落而 +愛衰。今子之華，有時而落，子何以長幸無解于王乎？”安陵纏曰：“臣 +年少愚陋，愿委智于先生。”江乙曰：“獨從為殉可耳。”安陵纏曰：“ +敬聞命矣！”江乙去。居年，逢安陵纏，謂曰：“前日所諭子者，通于王 +乎？”曰：“未可也。”居年。江乙复見安陵纏曰：“子豈諭王乎？”安 +陵纏曰：“臣未得王之間也。”江乙曰：“子出与王同車，入与王同坐。 +居三年，言未得王之間，子以吾之說未可耳。”不悅而去。其年，共王獵 +江渚之野，野火之起若云垗，虎狼之嗥若雷霆。有狂兕從南方來，正触王 +左驂，王舉旌旄，而使善射者射之，一發，兕死車下，王大喜，拊手而笑 +，顧謂安陵纏曰：“吾万歲之后，子將誰与斯樂乎？”安陵纏乃逡巡而卻 +，泣下沾衿，抱王曰：“万歲之后，臣將從為殉，安知樂此者誰？”于是 +共王乃封安陵纏于車下三百戶。故曰：“江乙善謀，安陵纏知時。”太子 +商臣怨令尹子上也。楚攻陳，晉救之。夾水而軍。陽處父知商臣之怨子上 +也，因謂子上曰：“少卻，吾涉而從子。”子上卻。因令晉軍曰：“楚遁 +矣。”使人告商臣曰：“子上受晉賂而去之。”商臣訴之成王，成王遂殺 +之。 + 智伯欲襲衛，故遺之乘馬，先之一璧，衛君大悅，酌酒，諸大夫皆喜 +。南文子獨不喜，有憂色。衛君曰：“大國禮寡人，寡人故酌諸大夫酒， +諸大夫皆喜，而子獨不喜，有憂色者，何也？”南文子曰：“無方之禮， +無功之賞，禍之先也。我未有往，彼有以來，是以憂也。”于是衛君乃修 +梁津而擬邊城。智伯聞衛兵在境上，乃還。 + 智伯欲襲衛，乃佯亡其太子顏，使奔衛。南文子曰：“太子顏之為其 +君子也，甚愛。非有大罪也，而亡之？必有故！然人亡而不受不祥。”使 +吏逆之，曰：“車過五乘，慎勿內也。”智伯聞之，乃止。 + 叔向之殺萇弘也，數見萇弘于周。因佯遺書曰：“萇弘謂叔向曰：‘ +子起晉國之兵以攻周，吾廢劉氏而立單氏。’”劉氏請之。君曰：“此萇 +弘也。”乃殺之。 + 楚公子午使于秦，秦囚之，其弟獻三百金于叔向，叔向謂平公曰：“ +何不城壺丘？秦楚患壺丘之城。若秦恐而歸公子午，以止吾城也，君乃止 +，難亦未构，楚必德君。”平公曰：“善。”乃城之。秦恐，遂歸公子午 +使之晉，晉人輟城，楚獻晉賦三百車。 + 趙簡子使人以明白之乘六，先以一璧，為遺于衛。衛叔文子曰：“見 +不意，可以生，故此小之所以事大也。今我未以往，而簡子先以來，必有 +故。”于是斬林除圍，聚斂蓄積，而后遣使者。簡子曰：“吾舉也，為不 +可知也。今既已知之矣，乃輟圍衛也。” + 鄭桓公將欲襲鄶，先問鄶之辨智果敢之士，書其名姓，擇鄶之良臣而 +与之，為官爵之名而書之，因為設壇于門外而埋之。舋之以油，若盟狀。 +鄶君以為內難也，盡殺其良臣。桓公因襲之，遂取鄶。 + 鄭桓公東會封于鄭，暮舍于宋東之逆旅，逆旅之叟從外來，曰：“客 +將焉之？”曰：“會封于鄭。”逆旅之叟曰：“吾聞之：時難得而易失也 +。今客之寢安，殆非封也。”鄭桓公聞之，援轡自駕，其仆接淅而載之， +行十日夜而至。厘何与之爭封。故以鄭桓公之賢，微逆旅之叟，几不會封 +也。 + 晉文公伐衛，入郭，坐士令食，曰：“今日必得大垣。”公子慮a而 +笑之。文公曰：“奚笑？”對曰：“臣之妻歸，臣送之，反見桑者而助之 +。顧臣之妻則亦有送之者矣。”文公懼，還師而歸，至國，而貉人攻其地 +。 + + + + + + 卷十四 至公 + + 書曰：“不偏不党，王道蕩蕩。”言至公也。古有行大公者，帝堯是 +也。貴為天子，富有天下，得舜而傳之，不私于其子孫也。去天下若遺于 +天下猶然，況其細于天下乎？非帝堯孰能行之？孔子曰：“巍巍乎！惟天 +為大，惟堯則之。”易曰：“無首，吉。”此蓋人君之至公也。夫以公与 +天下，其德大矣。推之于此，刑之于彼，万姓之所戴，后世之所則也。彼 +人臣之公，治官事則不營私家，在公門則不言貨利，當公法則不阿親戚， +奉公舉賢則不避仇讎，忠于事君，仁于利下，推之以恕道，行之以不党， +伊呂是也。故顯名存于今，是之謂公。詩云：“周道如砥，其直如矢，君 +子所履，小人所視。”此之謂也。夫公生明，偏生暗，端愨生達，詐偽生 +塞，誠信生神，夸誕生惑，此六者，君子之所慎也，而禹桀之所以分也。 +詩云：“疾威上帝，其命多僻。”言不公也。 + 吳王壽夢有四子，長曰謁，次曰余祭，次曰夷昧，次曰季札，號曰： +延陵季子。最賢，三兄皆知之。于是王壽夢薨，謁以位讓季子，季子終不 +肯當，謁乃為約曰：“季子賢，使國及季子，則吳可以興。”乃兄弟相繼 +，飲食必祝曰：“使吾早死，令國及季子。”謁死，余祭立；余祭死，夷 +昧立；夷昧死，次及季子。季子時使行不在。庶兄僚曰：“我亦兄也。” +乃自立為吳王。季子使還，复事如故。謁子光曰：“以吾父之意，則國當 +歸季子，以繼嗣之法，則我适也，當代之君，僚何為也？”乃使專諸刺僚 +殺之，以位讓季子，季子曰：“爾殺吾君，吾受爾國，則吾与爾為共篡也 +。爾殺吾兄，吾又殺汝，則是昆弟父子相殺無已時也。”卒去之延陵，終 +身不入吳。君子以其不殺為仁，以其不取國為義。夫不以國私身，捐千乘 +而不恨，棄尊位而無忿，可以庶几矣。 + 諸侯之義死社稷，大王委國而去，何也？夫圣人不欲強暴侵陵百姓， +故使諸侯死國守其民。大王有至仁之恩，不忍戰百姓，故事勛育戎氏以犬 +馬珍幣，而伐不止。問其所欲者，土地也。于是屬其群臣耆老，而告之曰 +：“土地者，所以養人也，不以所以養而害其慈也，吾將去之。”遂居岐 +山之下。人負幼扶老從之，如歸父母。三遷而民五倍其初者，皆興仁義趣 +上之事。君子守國安民，非特斗兵罷殺士眾而已。不私其身惟民，足用保 +民，蓋所以去國之義也，是謂至公耳。 + 辛櫟見魯穆公曰：“周公不如太公之賢也。”穆公曰：“子何以言之 +？”辛櫟對曰：“周公擇地而封曲阜；太公擇地而封營丘，爵士等，其地 +不若營丘之美，人民不如營丘之眾。不徒若是，營丘又有天固。”穆公心 +慚，不能應也。辛櫟趨而出。南宮邊子入，穆公具以辛櫟之言語南宮邊子 +。南宮邊子曰：“昔周成王坐居成周也。其命龜曰：‘予一人兼有天下， +辟就百姓，敢無中土乎？使予有罪，則四方伐之，無難得也。’周公卜居 +曲阜，其命龜曰：‘作邑乎山之陽，賢則茂昌，不賢則速亡。’季孫行父 +之戒其子也，曰：‘吾欲室之俠于兩社之間也。使吾后世有不能事上者， +使其替之益速。’如是則曰：‘賢則茂昌，不賢則速亡。’安在擇地而封 +哉？或示有天固也。辛櫟之言小人也，子無复道也。” + 秦始皇帝既吞天下，乃召群臣而議曰：“古者五帝禪賢，三王世繼， +孰是？將為之。”博士七十人未對。鮑白令之對曰：“天下官，則讓賢是 +也；天下家，則世繼是也。故五帝以天下為官，三王以天下為家。”秦始 +皇帝仰天而嘆曰：“吾德出于五帝，吾將官天下，誰可使代我后者。”鮑 +白令之對曰：“陛下行桀紂之道，欲為五帝之禪，非陛下所能行也。”秦 +始皇帝大怒曰：“令之前，若何以言我行桀紂之道也。趣說之，不解則死 +。”令之對曰：“臣請說之，陛下筑台干云，宮殿五里，建千石之鐘，万 +石之，婦女連百，倡优累千，興作驪山宮室至雍，相繼不絕，所以自奉者 +，殫天下，竭民力，偏駁自私，不能以及人，陛下所謂自營僅存之主也。 +何暇比德五帝，欲官天下哉？”始皇然無以應之，面有慚色。久之，曰： +“令之之言，乃令眾丑我。”遂罷謀，無禪意也。 + 齊景公嘗賞賜及后宮，文繡被台榭，菽粟食鳧鷫。出而見，謂晏子曰 +：“此何為而死？”晏子對曰：“此礑而死。”公曰：“嘻！寡人之無德 +也，何甚矣！”晏子對曰：“君之德著而彰，何為無德也？”景公曰：“ +何謂也？”對曰：“君之德及后宮与台榭，君之玩物，衣以文繡，君之鳧 +鷫，食以菽粟，君之營內自樂，延及后宮之族，何為其無德也？顧臣愿有 +請于君，由君之意，自樂之心，推而与百姓同之，則何之有？君不推此而 +苟營內好私，使財貨偏有所聚，菽粟幣帛腐于矗不槐榧佑儺眨補斃牟恢芎 +豕蒼蜩鈰此亡也。夫士民之所以叛，由偏之也。君如察臣嬰之言，推君之 +盛德，公布之于天下，則湯武可為也，一何足恤哉？” + 楚共王出獵而遺其弓，左右請求之，共王曰：“止，楚人遺弓，楚人 +得之，又何求焉？”仲尼聞之，曰：“惜乎其不大，亦曰：‘人遺弓，人 +得之而已，何必楚也！’”仲尼所謂大公也。 + 万章問曰：“孔子于衛主雍睢，于齊主寺人脊環，有諸？”孟子曰： +“否！不然。好事者為之也。于衛主顏讎由，彌子之妻与子路之妻，兄弟 +也。彌子謂子路曰：‘孔子主我，衛卿可得也。’子路以告。孔子曰：‘ +有命。’孔子進之以禮，退之以義，得之不得曰有命，而主雍睢与寺人脊 +環，是無命也。孔子不說于魯衛，將适宋，遭桓司馬，將要而殺之，微服 +過宋，是孔子嘗甋，主司城貞子，為陳侯周臣。吾聞之，觀近臣以其所為 +之主，觀遠臣以其所主，如孔子主雍睢与寺人脊環，何以為孔子乎？” + 夫子行說七十諸侯無定處，意欲使天下之民各得其所，而道不行。退 +而修春秋，采毫毛之善，貶纖介之惡，人事浹，王道備，精和圣制，上通 +于天而麟至，此天之知夫子也。于是喟然而嘆曰：“天以至明為不可蔽乎 +？日何為而食也？地以至安為不可危乎？地何為而動？”天地尚有動蔽， +是故賢圣說于世而不得行其道，故災异并作也。夫子曰：“不怨天，不尤 +人，下學而上達，知琲怢鉹悒！” + 孔子生于亂世，莫之能容也。故言行于君，澤加于民，然后仕。言不 +行于君，澤不加于民則處。孔子怀天覆之心，挾仁圣之德，憫時俗之污泥 +，傷紀綱之廢坏，服重歷遠，周流應聘，乃俟幸施道以子百姓，而當世諸 +侯莫能任用，是以德積而不肆，大道屈而不伸，海內不蒙其化，群生不被 +其恩，故喟然而嘆曰：“而有用我者，則吾其為東周乎！”故孔子行說， +非欲私身，運德于一城，將欲舒之于天下，而建之于群生者耳。 + 秦晉戰交敵，秦使人謂晉將軍曰：“三軍之士皆未息，明日請复戰。 +”臾駢曰：“使者目動而言肆，懼我，將遁矣，迫之河，必敗之。”趙盾 +曰：“死傷未收而棄之，不惠也。不待期而迫人于險，無勇也，請待。” +秦人夜遁。 + 子胥將之吳，辭其友申包胥曰：“后三年，楚不亡，吾不見子矣！” +申包胥曰：“子其勉之！吾未可以助子，助子是伐宗廟也；止子是無以為 +友。雖然，子亡之，我存之，于是乎觀楚一存一亡也。”后三年，吳師伐 +楚，昭王出走，申包胥不受命西見秦伯曰：“吳無道，兵強人眾，將征天 +下，始于楚，寡君出走，居云夢，使下臣告急。”哀公曰：“諾，吾固將 +圖之。”申包胥不罷朝，立于秦庭，晝夜哭，七日七夜不絕聲。哀公曰： +“有臣如此，可不救乎？”興師救楚，吳人聞之，引兵而還，昭王反，复 +欲封申包胥，申包胥辭曰：“救亡非為名也，功成受賜，是賣勇也。”辭 +不受，遂退隱，終身不見。詩云：“凡民有喪，匍匐救之。” + 楚令尹虞丘子复于庄王曰：“臣聞奉公行法，可以得榮，能淺行薄， +無望上位，不名仁智，無求顯榮，才之所不著，無當其處。臣為令尹十年 +矣，國不加治，獄訟不息，處士不升，淫禍不討，久踐高位，妨群賢路， +尸祿素餐，貪欲無，臣之罪當稽于理，臣竊選國俊下里之士孫叔敖，秀羸 +多能，其性無欲，君舉而授之政，則國可使治而士民可使附。”庄王曰： +“子輔寡人，寡人得以長于中國，令行于絕域，遂霸諸侯，非子如何？” +虞丘子曰：“久固祿位者，貪也；不進賢達能者，誣也；不讓以位者，不 +廉也；不能三者，不忠也。為人臣不忠，君王又何以為忠？臣愿固辭。” +庄王從之，賜虞子采地三百，號曰“國老”，以孫叔敖為令尹。少焉，虞 +丘子家干法，孫叔敖執而戮之。虞丘子喜，入見于王曰：“臣言孫叔敖果 +可使持國政，奉國法而不党，施刑戮而不鄿，可謂公平。”庄王曰：“夫 +子之賜也已！” + 趙宣子言韓獻子于晉侯曰：“其為人不党，治眾不亂，臨死不恐。” +晉侯以為中軍尉。河曲之役，趙宣子之車干行，韓獻子戮其仆，人皆曰： +“韓獻子必死矣，其主朝升之，而暮戮其仆，誰能待之！”役罷，趙宣子 +觴大夫，爵三行曰：“二三子可以賀我。”二三子曰：“不知所賀。”宣 +子曰：“我言韓厥于君，言之而不當，必受其刑。今吾車失次而戮之仆， +可謂不党矣。是吾言當也。”二三子再拜稽首曰：“不惟晉國适享之，乃 +唐叔是賴之，敢不再拜稽首乎？” + 晉文公問于咎犯曰：“誰可使為西河守者？”咎犯對曰：“虞子羔可 +也。”公曰：“非汝之讎也？”對曰：“君問可為守者，非問臣之讎也。 +”羔見咎犯而謝之曰：“幸赦臣之過，荐之于君，得為西河守。”咎犯曰 +：“荐子者公也，怨子者私也，吾不以私事害公事，子其去矣，顧吾射子 +也！” + 楚文王伐鄧，使王子革王子靈共捃菜，二子出采，見老丈人載畚，乞 +焉，不与，搏而奪之。王聞之，令皆拘二子，將殺之。大夫辭曰：“取畚 +信有罪，然殺之非其罪也，君若何殺之？”言卒，丈人造軍而言曰：“鄧 +為無道，故伐之，今君公之子搏而奪吾畚，無道甚于鄧。”呼天而號，君 +聞之，群臣恐，君見之曰：“討有罪而橫奪，非所以禁暴也；恃力虐老， +非所以教幼也；愛子棄法，非所以保國也；私二子、滅三行，非以從政也 +，丈人舍之矣。”謝之軍門之外耳。 + 楚令尹子文之族有干法者，廷理拘之，聞其令尹之族也而釋之。子文 +召廷理而責之曰：“凡立廷理者將以司犯王令而察触國法也。夫直士持法 +，柔而不撓；剛而不折。今棄法而背令而釋犯法者，是為理不端，怀心不 +公也。豈吾營私之意也，何廷理之駁于法也！吾在上位以率士民，士民或 +怨，而吾不能免之于法。今吾族犯法甚明，而使廷理因緣吾心而釋之，是 +吾不公之心，明著于國也。執一國之柄而以私聞，与吾生不以義，不若吾 +死也。遂致其族人于廷理曰：“不是刑也，吾將死！”廷理懼，遂刑其族 +人。成王聞之，不及履而至于子文之室曰：“寡人幼少，置理失其人，以 +違夫子之意。”于是黜廷理而尊子文，使及內政。國人聞之，曰：“若令 +尹之公也，吾党何憂乎？”乃相与作歌曰：“子文之族，犯國法程，廷理 +釋之，子文不听，恤顧怨萌，方正公平。” + 楚庄王有茅門者法曰：“群臣大夫諸公子入朝，馬蹄蹂溜者斬其溤而 +戮其御。”太子入朝，馬蹄蹂溜。廷理斬其溤而戮其御。太子大怒，入為 +王泣曰：“為我誅廷理。”王曰：“法者所以敬宗廟，尊社稷，故能立法 +從令尊敬社稷者，社稷之臣也，安可以加誅？夫犯法廢令，不尊敬社稷， +是臣棄君，下陵上也。臣棄君則主失威，下陵上則上位危，社稷不守，吾 +何以遺子？”太子乃還走避舍，再拜請死。 + 楚庄王之時，太子車立于茅門之內，少師慶逐之，太子怒，入謁王曰 +：“少師慶逐臣之車。王曰：“舍之，老君在前而不菖，少君在后而不豫 +，是國之寶臣也。” + 吳王闔廬為伍子胥興師复讎于楚。子胥諫曰：“諸侯不為匹夫興師， +且事君猶事父也，虧君之義，复父之讎，臣不為也。”于是止。其后因事 +而后复其父讎也，如子胥可謂不以公事趨私矣。 + 孔子為魯司寇，听獄必師斷，敦敦然皆立，然后君子進曰：“某子以 +為何若，某子以為云云。”又曰：“某子以為何若，某子曰云云。”辯矣 +。然后君子几當從某子云云乎，以君子之知，豈必待某子之云云，然后知 +所以斷獄哉？君子之敬讓也，文辭有可与人共之者，君子不獨有也。 + 子羔為衛政，刖人之足。衛之君臣亂，子羔走郭門，郭門閉，刖者守 +門，曰：“于彼有缺！”子羔曰：“君子不菖。”曰：“于彼有竇。”子 +羔曰：“君子不遂。”曰：“于此有室。”子羔入，追者罷。子羔將去， +謂刖者曰：“吾不能虧損主之法令而親刖子之足，吾在難中，此乃子之報 +怨時也，何故逃我？”刖者曰：“斷足固我罪也，無可奈何。君之治臣也 +，傾側法令，先后臣以法，欲臣之免于法也，臣知之。獄決罪定，臨當論 +刑，君愀然不樂，見于顏色，臣又知之。君豈私臣哉？天生仁人之心，其 +固然也。此臣之所以脫君也。”孔子聞之，曰：“善為吏者樹德，不善為 +吏者樹怨。公行之也，其子羔之謂歟？” + + + + + + 卷十五 指武 + + 司馬法曰：“國雖大，好戰必亡；天下雖安，忘戰必危。”易曰：“ +君子以除戎器，戒不虞。”夫兵不可玩，玩則無威；兵不可廢，廢則召寇 +。昔吳王夫差好戰而亡，徐偃王無武亦滅。故明王之制國也，上不玩兵， +下不廢武。易曰：“存不忘亡，是以身安而國家可保也。” + 秦昭王中朝而嘆曰：“夫楚劍利、倡优拙。夫劍利則士多悍，倡优拙 +則思慮遠也，吾恐楚之謀秦也。”此謂當吉念凶，而存不忘亡也，卒以成 +霸焉。 + 王孫厲謂楚文王曰：“徐偃王好行仁義之道，漢東諸侯三十二國盡服 +矣！王若不伐，楚必事徐。”王曰：“若信有道，不可伐也。”對曰：“ +大之伐小，強之伐弱，猶大魚之吞小魚也，若虎之食豚也，惡有其不得理 +？”文王興師伐徐，殘之。徐偃王將死，曰：“吾賴于文德而不明武備， +好行仁義之道而不知詐人之心，以至于此。”夫古之王者其有備乎？ + 吳起為苑守，行縣适息，問屈宜臼曰：“王不知起不肖，以為苑守， +先生將何以教之？”屈公不對。居一年，王以為令尹，行縣适息。問屈宜 +臼曰：“起問先生，先生不教。今王不知起不肖，以為令尹，先生試觀起 +為之也！”屈公曰：“子將奈何？”吳起曰：“將均楚國之爵而平其祿， +損其有余而繼其不足，厲甲兵以時爭于天下。”屈公曰：“吾聞昔善治國 +家者不變故，不易常。今子將均楚國之爵而平其祿，損其有余而繼其不足 +，是變其故而易其常也。且吾聞兵者凶器也，爭者逆德也。今子陰謀逆德 +，好用凶器，殆人所棄，逆之至也，淫之事也，行者不利。且子用魯兵不 +宜得志于齊而得志焉；子用魏兵不宜得志于秦而得志焉。吾聞之曰：‘非 +禍人不能成禍。’吾固怪吾主之數逆天道，至今無禍。嘻！且待夫子也。 +”吳起惕然曰：“尚可更乎？”屈公曰：“不可。”吳起曰：“起之為人 +謀。”屈公曰：“成刑之徒不可更已！子不如敦處而篤行之，楚國無貴于 +舉賢。” + 春秋記國家存亡，以察來世，雖有廣土眾民，堅甲利兵，威猛之將， +士卒不親附，不可以戰胜取功。晉侯獲于韓；楚子玉得臣敗于城濮；蔡不 +待敵而眾潰。故語曰：“文王不能使不附之民；先軫不能戰不教之卒；造 +父王良不能以弊車不作之馬，趨疾而遠；羿逄蒙不能以枉矢弱弓，射遠中 +微；故強弱成敗之要，在乎附士卒，教習之而已。” + 內治未得，不可以正外，本惠未襲，不可以制末，是以春秋先京師而 +后諸夏，先諸華而后夷狄。及周惠王，以遭亂世，繼先王之体，而強楚稱 +王，諸侯背叛，欲申先王之命，一統天下。不先廣養京師，以及諸夏，諸 +夏以及夷狄，內治未得，忿則不料力，權得失，興兵而征強楚，師大敗， +撙辱不行，大為天下笑。幸逢齊桓公以得安尊，故內治未得不可以正外， +本惠未襲，不可以制末。 + 將帥受命者，將帥入，軍吏畢入，皆北面再拜稽首受命。天子南面而 +授之鉞，東行，西面而揖之，示弗御也。故受命而出忘其國，即戎忘其家 +，聞鬧瓷參植皇瀋恚補必死。必死不如樂死，樂死不如甘死，甘死不如義 +死，義死不如視死如歸，此之謂也。故一人必死，十人弗能待也；十人必 +死，百人弗能待也；百人必死，千人不能待也；千人必死，万人弗能待也 +；万人必死，橫行乎天下，令行禁止，王者之師也。 + 田單為齊上將軍，興師十万，將以攻翟，往見魯仲連子。仲連子曰： +“將軍之攻翟，必不能下矣！”田將軍曰：“單以五里之城，十里之郭， +复齊之國，何為攻翟不能下？”去上車不与言。決攻翟，三月而不能下， +齊嬰儿謠之曰：“大冠如箕，長劍拄頤，攻翟不能下，壘于梧丘。”于是 +田將軍恐駭，往見仲連子曰：“先生何以知單之攻翟不能下也？”仲連子 +曰：“夫將軍在即墨之時，坐則織蕢，立則杖鶯為士卒倡曰：‘宗廟亡矣 +，魂魄喪矣，歸何党矣。’故將有死之心，士卒無生之气。今將軍東有掖 +邑之封，西有淄上之寶，金銀黃帶，馳騁乎淄澠之間，是以樂生而惡死也 +。”田將軍明日結發，徑立矢石之所，乃引鬧矗翟人下之。故將軍者，士 +之心也，士者將之枝体也，心猶与則枝体不用，田將軍之謂乎！ + 晉智伯伐鄭，齊田痡洃均A有登蓋必身立焉，車徒有不進者必令助之 +。壘合而后敢處，井灶成而后敢食。智伯曰：“吾聞田皕s得國而愛其民 +，內同其財，外同其勤勞，治軍若此，其得眾也，不可待也。”乃去之耳 +。 + 太公兵法曰：“致慈愛之心，立武威之戰，以畢其眾；練其精銳，砥 +礪其節，以高其气。分為五選，异其旗章，勿使冒亂；堅其行陣，連其什 +伍，以禁淫非。”壘陳之次，車騎之處，勒兵之勢，軍之法令，賞罰之數 +。使士赴火蹈刃，陷陣取將，死不旋踵者，多异于今之將也。 + 孝昭皇帝時，北軍監御史為奸，穿北門垣以為賈區。胡建守北軍尉， +貧無車馬，常步，与走卒起居，所以慰愛走卒甚厚。建欲誅監御史，乃約 +其走卒曰：“我欲与公有所誅，吾言取之則取之；斬之則斬之。”于是當 +選士馬日，護軍諸校列坐堂皇上，監御史亦坐。建從走卒趨至堂下拜謁， +因上堂，走卒皆上，建跪指監御史曰：“取彼。”走卒前拽下堂。建曰： +“斬之。”遂斬監御史，護軍及諸校皆愕惊，不知所以。建亦已有成奏在 +其怀。遂上奏以聞，曰：“臣聞軍法立武以威眾，誅惡以禁邪。今北軍監 +御史公穿軍垣以求賈利，買賣以与士市，不立剛武之心，勇猛之意，以率 +先士大夫，尤失理不公。臣聞黃帝理法曰：‘壘壁已具，行不由路，謂之 +奸人，奸人者殺。’臣謹以斬之，昧死以聞。”制曰：“司馬法曰：‘國 +容不入軍，軍容不入國也。’建有何疑焉？”建由是名興，后至渭城令， +死。至今渭城有其祠也。 + 魯石公劍，迫則能應，感則能動，穆無窮，變無形像，复柔委從，如 +影与響，如坋守戶，如輪之逐馬，響之應聲，影之像形也，閶不及，呼不 +及吸，足舉不及集。相离若蟬翼，尚在肱北眉睫之微，曾不可以大息小， +以小況大。用兵之道，其猶然乎？此善當敵者也。未及夫折衝于未形之前 +者，揖讓乎廟堂之上而施惠乎百万之民，故居則無變動，戰則不血，其湯 +武之兵与！ + 孔子北游，東上農山，子路、子貢、顏淵從焉。孔子喟然嘆曰：“登 +高望下，使人心悲，二三子者，各言爾志。丘將听之。”子路曰：“愿得 +白羽若月，赤羽若日，鐘鼓之音上聞乎天，旌旗翩翻，下蟠于地。由且舉 +兵而擊之，必也攘地千里，獨由能耳。使夫二子為從焉！”孔子曰：“勇 +哉士乎！憤憤者乎季”子貢曰：“賜也，愿齊楚合戰于莽洋之野，兩壘相 +當，旌旗相望，塵埃相接，接戰构兵，賜愿著縞衣白冠，陳說白刃之間， +解兩國之患，獨賜能耳。使夫二子者為我從焉！”孔子曰：“辯哉士乎！ +MM者乎！”顏淵獨不言。孔子曰：“回！來！若獨何不愿乎？”顏淵曰 +：“文武之事，二子已言之，回何敢与焉！”孔子曰：“若鄙，心不与焉 +，第言之！”顏淵曰：“回聞鮑魚蘭芷不同篋而藏，堯舜桀紂不同國而治 +，二子之言与回言异。回愿得明王圣主而相之，使城郭不修，溝池不越， +鍛劍戟以為農器，使天下千歲無戰斗之患，如此則由何憤憤而擊，賜又何 +而使乎？”孔子曰：“美哉，德乎！姚姚者乎！”子路舉手問曰：“愿聞 +夫子之意。”孔子曰：“吾所愿者，顏氏之計，吾愿負衣冠而從顏氏子也 +。” + 魯哀公問于仲尼曰：“吾欲小則守，大則攻，其道若何？”仲尼曰： +“若朝廷有禮，上下有親，民之眾皆君之畜也，君將誰攻？若朝廷無禮， +上下無親，民眾皆君之讎也，君將誰与守？”于是廢澤梁之禁，弛關市之 +征，以為民惠也。” + 文王曰：“吾欲用兵，誰可伐？密須氏疑于我，可先往伐。”管叔曰 +：“不可。其君天下之明君也，伐之不義。”太公望曰：“臣聞之先王伐 +枉不伐順；伐險不伐易；伐過不伐不及。”文王曰：“善。”遂伐密須氏 +，滅之也。 + 武王將伐紂。召太公望而問之曰：“吾欲不戰而知胜，不卜而知吉， +使非其人，為之有道乎？”太公對曰：“有道。王得眾人之心，以圖不道 +，則不戰而知胜矣；以賢伐不肖，則不卜而知吉矣。彼害之，我利之。雖 +非吾民，可得而使也。”武王曰：“善。”乃召周公而問焉，曰：“天下 +之圖事者，皆以殷為天子，以周為諸侯，以諸侯攻天子，胜之有道乎？” +周公對曰：“殷信天子，周信諸侯，則無胜之道矣，何可攻乎？”武王忿 +然曰：“汝言有說乎？”周公對曰：“臣聞之，攻禮者為賊，攻義者為殘 +，失其民制為匹夫，王攻其失民者也，何攻天子乎？”武王曰：“善。” +乃起眾舉師，与殷戰于牧之野，大敗殷人。上堂見玉，曰：“誰之玉也？ +”曰：“諸侯之玉。”即取而歸之于諸侯。天下聞之，曰：“武王廉于財 +矣。”入室見女，曰：“誰之女也？”曰：“諸侯之女也。”即取而歸之 +于諸侯。天下聞之，曰：“武王廉于色也。”于是發巨橋之粟，散鹿台之 +財金錢以与士民，黜其戰車而不乘，弛其甲兵而弗用，縱馬華山，放牛桃 +林，示不复用。天下聞者，咸謂武王行義于天下，豈不大哉？ + 文王欲伐崇，先宣言曰：“予聞崇侯虎，蔑侮父兄，不敬長老，听獄 +不中，分財不均，百姓力盡，不得衣食，予將來征之，唯為民乃伐崇，令 +毋殺人，毋坏室，毋填井，毋伐樹木，毋動六畜，有不如令者死無赦。” +崇人聞之，因請降。 + 楚庄王伐陳，吳救之，雨十日十夜晴。左史倚相曰：“吳必夜至，甲 +列壘坏，彼必薄我，何不行列鼓出待之。”吳師至楚，見成陳而還。左史 +倚相曰：“追之。”吳行六十里而無功，王罷卒寢。果擊之，大敗吳師。 + 齊桓公之時，霖雨十旬。桓公欲伐R陵，其城之值雨也，未合。管仲 +隰朋以卒徒造于門，桓公曰：“徒眾何以為？”管仲對曰：“臣聞之，雨 +則有事。夫陵不能雨，臣請攻之。”公曰：“善！”遂興師伐之。既至， +大卒間外士在內矣，桓公曰：“其有圣人乎？”乃還旗而去之。 + 宋圍曹，不拔。司馬子魚謂君曰：“文王伐崇，崇軍其城，三旬不降 +，退而修教，复伐之，因壘而降。今君德無乃有所闕乎？胡不退修德，無 +闕而后動。” + 吳王闔廬与荊人戰于柏舉，大胜之，至于郢郊，五敗荊人。闔廬之臣 +五人進諫曰：“夫深入遠報，非王之利也，王其返乎？”五將鍥頭，闔廬 +未之應，五人之頭墜于馬前，闔廬懼，召伍子胥而問焉。子胥曰：“五臣 +者懼也。夫五敗之人者，其懼甚矣，王姑少進。”遂入郢，南至江，北至 +方城，方三千里，皆服于楚矣。 + 田成子常与宰我爭，宰我夜伏卒，將以攻田成子，令于卒中曰：“不 +見旌節毋起。”鴟夷子皮聞之，告田成子。田成子因為旌節以起宰我之卒 +以攻之，遂殘之也。 + 齊桓公北伐山戎氏，請兵于魯，魯不与，桓公怒，將攻之，管仲曰： +“不可，我已刑北方諸侯矣。今又攻魯，無乃不可乎？魯必事楚，是我一 +舉而失兩也。”桓公曰：“善！”乃輟攻魯矣。 + 圣人之治天下也，先文德而后武力。凡武之興為不服也。文化不改， +然后加誅。夫下愚不移，純德之所不能化而后武力加焉。 + 昔堯誅四凶以懲惡，周公殺管蔡以弭亂，子產殺鄧析以威侈，孔子斬 +少正卯以變眾，佞賊之人而不誅，亂之道也。易曰：“不威小，不懲大， +此小人之福也。” + 五帝三王教以仁義而天下變也，孔子亦教以仁義而天下不從者，何也 +？昔明王有紱冕以尊賢，有斧鉞以誅惡，故其賞至重，而刑至深，而天下 +變。孔子賢顏淵，無以賞之，賤孺悲，無以罰之；故天下不從。是故道非 +權不立，非勢不行，是道尊然后行。 + 孔子為魯司寇，七日而誅少正卯于東觀之下，門人聞之，趨而進，至 +者不言，其意皆一也。子貢后至，趨而進，曰：“夫少正卯者，魯國之聞 +人矣！夫子始為政，何以先誅之？”孔子曰：“賜也，非爾所及也。夫王 +者之誅有五，而盜竊不与焉。一曰心辨而險；二曰言偽而辯；三曰行辟而 +堅；四曰志愚而博；五曰順非而澤。此五者皆有辨知聰達之名，而非其真 +也。苟行以偽，則其知足以移眾，強足以獨立，此奸人之雄也，不可不誅 +。夫有五者之一，則不免于誅。今少正卯兼之，是以先誅之也。昔者湯誅 +沐，太公誅潘址，管仲誅史附里，子產誅鄧析，此五子未有不誅也。所謂 +誅之者，非為其晝則功盜，暮則穿窬也，皆傾覆之徒也！此固君子之所疑 +，愚者之所惑也。詩云：‘憂心悄悄，慍于群小。’此之謂矣。” + 齊人王滿生見周公，周公出見之，曰：“先生遠辱，何以教之？”王 +滿生曰：“言內事者于內，言外事者于外，今言內事乎？言外事乎？”周 +公導入。王滿生曰：“敬從。”布席，周公不導坐。王滿生曰：“言大事 +者坐，言小事者倚。今言大事乎？言小事乎？”周公導坐。王滿生坐。周 +公曰：“先生何以教之？”王滿生曰：“臣聞圣人不言而知，非圣人者雖 +言不知。今欲言乎？無言乎？”周公a念，有頃，不對。王滿生借筆牘書 +之曰：“社稷且危，傅之于膺。”周公仰視見書曰：“唯！唯！謹聞命矣 +。”明日誅管蔡。 + + + + 卷十六 談叢 + + 王者知所以臨下而治眾，則群臣畏服矣；知所以听言受事，則不蔽欺 +矣；知所以安利万民，則海內必定矣；知所以忠孝事上，則臣子之行備矣 +。凡所以劫殺者，不知道術以御其臣下也。凡吏胜其職則事治，事治則利 +生；不胜其職則事亂，事亂則害成也。 + 百方之事，万變鋒出：或欲持虛，或欲持實，或好浮游，或好誠必， +或行安舒，或為飄疾。從此觀之，天下不可一，圣王臨天下而能一之。 + 意不并銳，事不兩隆；盛于彼者必衰于此，長于左者必短于右。喜夜 +臥者不能蚤起也。 + 鸞設于鑣，和設于軾；馬動而鸞鳴，鸞鳴而和應，行之節也。 + 不富無以為大，不予無以合親；親疏則害，失眾則敗；不教而誅謂之 +虐，不戒責成謂之暴也。 + 夫水出于山而入于海，稼生于田而藏于廩，圣人見所生則知所歸矣。 + 天道布順，人事取予；多藏不用，是謂怨府，故物不可聚也。 + 一圍之木持千鈞之屋，五寸之鍵而制開闔，豈材足任哉？蓋所居要也 +。 + 夫小快害義，小慧害道，小辨害治，苟心傷德，大政不險。蛟龍雖神 +，不能以白日去其倫；飄風雖疾，不能以陰雨揚其塵。邑名胜母，曾子不 +入；水名盜泉，孔子不飲，丑其聲也。婦人之口可以出走，婦人之喙可以 +死敗。 + 不修其身，求之于人，是謂失倫；不治其內，而修其外，是謂大廢。 +重載而危之，操策而隨之，非所以為全也。 + 士橫道而偃，四支不掩，非士之過，有土之羞也。邦君將昌，天遺其 +道；大夫將昌，天遺其士；庶人將昌，必有良子。 + 賢師良友在其側，詩書禮樂陳于前，棄而為不善者，鮮矣。義士不欺 +心，仁人不害生；謀泄則無功，計不設則事不成；賢士不事所非，不非所 +事；愚者行間而益固，鄙人飾詐而益野；聲無細而不聞，行無隱而不明； +至神無不化也，至賢無不移也。上不信，下不忠，上下不和，雖安必危。 +求以其道則無不得，為以其時則無不成。 + 時不至，不可強生也；事不究，不可強求也。貞良而亡，先人余殃； +猖獗而活，先人余烈；權取重，澤取長。才賢而任輕，則有名，不肖任大 +，身死名廢。 + 士不以利移，不為患改，孝敬忠信之事立，雖死而不悔。智而用私， +不如愚而用公，故曰巧偽不如拙誠。學問不倦，所以治己也；教誨不厭， +所以治人也，所以貴虛無者，得以應變而合時也。冠雖故，必加于首；履 +雖新，必關于足，上下有分，不可相倍。一心可以事百君，百心不可以事 +一君，故曰正而心，又少而言。 + 万物得其本者生，百事得其道者成；道之所在，天下歸之；德之所在 +，天下貴之；仁之所在，天下愛之；義之所在，天下畏之。屋漏者民去之 +，水淺者魚逃之，樹高者鳥宿之，德厚者士趨之，有禮者民畏之，忠信者 +士死之。衣雖弊，行必修；頭雖亂，言必治。時在應之，為在因之；所伐 +而當其福五之；所伐不當其禍十之。 + 必貴以賤為本，必高以下為基。天將与之，必先苦之；天將毀之，必 +先累之。孝于父母，信于交友，十步之澤，必有香草；十室之邑，必有忠 +士。草木秋死，松柏獨在；水浮万物，玉石留止。飢渴得食，誰能不喜？ +賑窮救急，何患無有？視其所以，觀其所使，斯可知已。乘輿馬不勞致千 +里，乘船楫不游絕江海；智莫大于闕疑，行莫大于無悔也。制宅名子，足 +以觀士。利不兼，賞不倍；忽忽之謀，不可為也，惕惕之心，不可長也。 + 天与不取，反受其咎；時至不迎，反受其殃；天地無親，常与善人。 +天道有常，不為堯存，不為桀亡；積善之家，必有余慶；積惡之家，必有 +余殃。一噎之故，絕谷不食；一蹶之故，卻足不行。心如天地者明，行如 +繩墨者章。位高道大者從，事大道小者凶；言疑者無犯，行疑者無從；蠹 +姲仆柱梁，蚊虻走牛羊。 + 謁問析辭勿應，怪言虛說勿稱；謀先事則昌，事先謀則亡。 + 無以淫u棄業，無以貧賤自輕，無以所好害身，無以嗜欲妨生，無以 +奢侈為名，無以貴富驕盈。喜怒不當，是謂不明，暴虐不得，反受其賊， +怨生不報，禍生于福。一言而非，四馬不能追；一言不急，四馬不能及。 +順風而飛，以助气力；銜葭而翔，以備蛇弋。 + 鏡以精明，美惡自服；衡平無私，輕重自得；蓬生?中，不扶自直； +白砂入泥，与之皆黑。 + 時乎，時乎！間不及謀；至時之极，間不容息；勞而不体，亦將自息 +；有而不施，亦將自得。 + 無不為者，無不能成也；無不欲者，無不能得也。眾正之積，福無不 +及也；眾邪之積，禍無不逮也。力胜貧，謹胜禍，慎胜害，戒胜災。為善 +者天報以德，為不善者天報以禍。君子得時如水，小人得時如火。謗道己 +者，心之罪也；尊賢己者，心之力也。心之得，万物不足為也；心之失， +獨心不能守也。子不孝，非吾子也；交不信，非吾友也。食其口而百節肥 +，灌其本而枝葉茂；本傷者枝槁，根深者末厚。為善者得道，為惡者失道 +。惡語不出口，苟言不留耳；務偽不長，喜虛不久。義士不欺心，廉士不 +妄取；以財為草，以身為寶。慈仁少小，恭敬耆老。犬吠不惊，命曰金城 +；常避危殆，命曰不悔。富必念貧，壯必念老，年雖幼少，慮之必早。夫 +有禮者相為死，無禮者亦相為死；貴不与驕期，驕自來；驕不与亡期，亡 +自至。萒人日夜愿一起，盲人不忘視。知者始于悟，終于諧；愚者始于樂 +，終于哀。高山仰止，景行行止，力雖不能，心必務為。慎終如始，常以 +為戒；戰戰栗栗，日慎其事。圣人之正，莫如安靜；賢者之治，故与眾异 +。 + 好稱人惡，人亦道其惡；好憎人者，亦為人所憎。衣食足，知榮辱； +倉廩實，知禮節。江河之溢，不過三日；飄風暴雨，須臾而畢。 + 福生于微，禍生于忽；日夜恐懼，唯恐不卒。 + 已雕已琢，還反于朴，物之相反，复歸于本。循流而下，易以至；倍 +風而馳，易以遠。兵不豫定，無以待敵；計不先慮，無以應卒。中不方， +名不章，外不圜，禍之門。直而不能枉，不可与大任；方而不能圜，不可 +与長存。慎之于身，無曰云云，狂夫之言，圣人擇焉。能忍恥者安，能忍 +辱者存，唇亡而齒寒，河水崩，其怀在山。毒智者莫甚于酒，留事者莫甚 +于樂，毀廉者莫甚于色，摧剛者反己于弱。富在知足，貴在求退，先憂事 +者后樂，先傲事者后憂。福在受諫，存之所由也。恭敬遜讓，精廉無謗， +慈仁愛人，必受其賞，諫之不听，后無与爭，舉事不當，為百姓謗，悔在 +于妄，患在于先唱。 + 蒲且修繳，鳧鷫悲鳴；逄蒙撫弓，虎豹晨嗥。河以委蛇故能遠，山以 +凌遲故能高，道以优游故能化，德以純厚故能豪。言人之善，澤于膏沐； +言人之惡，痛于矛戟。為善不直，必終其曲；為丑不釋，必終其惡。 + 一死一生，乃知交情；一貧一富，乃知交態；一貴一賤，交情乃見； +一浮一沒，交情乃出。德義在前，用兵在后。初沐者必拭冠，新浴者必振 +衣。敗軍之將，不可言勇；亡國之臣，不可言智。 + 坎井無黿鼉者，隘也；園中無修林者，小也。小忠，大忠之賊也；小 +利，大利之殘也。自清絕易，清人絕難；水激則悍，矢激則遠；人激于名 +，不毀為聲。下士得官以死，上士得官以生。禍福非從地中出，非從天上 +來，己自生之。 + 窮鄉多曲學：小辯害大智，巧言使信廢，小惠妨大義。不困在于早慮 +，不窮在于早豫。欲人勿知，莫若勿為；欲人勿聞，莫若勿言。 + 非所言勿言，以避其患；非所為勿為，以避其危；非所取勿取，以避 +其詭；非所爭勿爭，以避其聲。明者視于冥冥，謀于未形；聰者听于無聲 +，慮者戒于未成。世之溷濁而我獨清，眾人皆醉而我獨醒。 + 乖离之咎，無不生也；毀敗之端，從此興也。江河大潰從蟻穴，山以 +小璔而大崩，淫亂之漸，其變為興，水火金木轉相胜。卑而正者可增，高 +而倚者且崩；直如矢者死，直如繩者稱。 + 禍生于欲得，福生于自禁；圣人以心導耳目，小人以耳目導心。 + 為人上者，患在不明；為人下者，患在不忠。人知糞田，莫知糞心， +端身正心，全以至今，見亡知存，見霜知冰。廣大在好利，恭敬在事親， +因時易以為仁，因道易以達人。營于利者多患，輕諾者寡信。 + 欲賢者莫如下人，貪財者莫如全身；財不如義高，勢不如德尊。父不 +能愛無益之子，君不能愛不軌之民；君不能賞無功之臣，臣不能死無德之 +君。問善御者莫如馬，問善治者莫如民。以卑為尊，以屈為伸，圣人所因 +，上法于天。 + 君子行德以全其身，小人行貪以亡其身，相勸以禮，相強以仁，得道 +于身，得譽于人。 + 知命者不怨天，知己者不怨人；人而不愛則不能仁，佞而不巧則不能 +信；言善毋及身，言惡毋及人；上清而無欲，則下正而民朴。來事可追也 +，往事不可及。無思慮之心則不達，無談說之辭則不樂。 + 善不可以偽來，惡不可以辭去。近市無賈，在田無野。善不逆旅，非 +仁義剛武無以定天下。 + 水倍源則川竭，人倍信則名不達，義胜患則吉，患胜義則滅。五圣之 +謀，不如逢時；辯智明慧，不如遇世。有鄙心者，不可授便勢；有愚質者 +，不可予利器。多易多敗，多言多失。 + 冠履不同藏，賢不肖不同位。官尊者憂深，祿多者責大。積德無細， +積怨無大，多少必報，固其勢也。 + 梟逢鳩。鳩曰：“子將安之？”梟曰：“我將東徙。”鳩曰：“何故 +？”梟曰：“鄉人皆惡我鳴，以故東徙。”鳩曰：“子能更鳴可矣，不能 +更鳴，東徙猶惡子之聲。” + 圣人之衣也便体以安身，其食也安于腹；适衣節食不听口目。 + 曾子曰：“鷹鷲以山為卑，而增巢其上；黿鼉魚鱉以淵為淺，而穿穴 +其中。卒其所以得者，餌也。君子苟不求利祿，則不害其身。” + 曾子曰：“狎甚則相簡也，庄甚則不親；是故君子之狎足以交歡，庄 +足以成禮而已。” + 曾子曰：“入是國也，言信乎群臣，則留可也；忠行乎群臣，則仕可 +也；澤施乎百姓，則安可也。” + 口者，關也；舌者，机也。出言不當，四馬不能追也。口者，關也； +舌者，兵也；出言不當，反自傷也。言出于己，不可止于人；行發于邇， +不可止于遠。夫言者君子之樞机，樞机之發，榮辱之本也，可不慎乎？故 +蒯子羽曰：“言猶射也。栝既离弦，雖有所悔焉，不可從而追已。”詩曰 +：“白圭之玷，尚可磨也，斯言之玷，不可為也。” + 欲耇欲蛇，人蛇，莫不身鰤銩垂，者持，不我玻錢也。逐魚者濡，逐 +獸者趨；非樂之也，事之權也。 + 登高使人欲望，臨淵使人欲窺，何也？處地然也。御者使人恭，射者 +使人端，何也？其形便也。 + 民有五死，圣人能去其三，不能去其二。飢渴死者，可去也；凍寒死 +者，可去也；罹五兵死者，可去也。壽命死者，不可去也；癰疽死者，不 +可去也。飢渴死者，中不充也；凍寒死者，外胜中也，罹五兵死者，德不 +忠也；壽命死者，歲數終也；癰疽死者，血气窮也。故曰中不止，外淫作 +；外淫作者，多怨怪；多怨怪者，疾病生。故清靜無為，血气乃平。 + 百行之本，一言也。一言而适，可以卻敵；一言而得，可以保國。響 +不能獨為聲，影不能倍曲為直，物必以其類及，故君子慎言出己。負石赴 +淵，行之難者也，然申屠狄為之，君子不貴之也；盜跖凶貪，名如日月， +与舜禹并傳而不息，而君子不貴。 + 君子有五恥：朝不坐，燕不議，君子恥之；居其位，無其言，君子恥 +之；有其言，無其行，君子恥之；既得之又失之，君子恥之；地有余而民 +不活君子恥之。 + 君子雖窮不處亡國之勢，雖貧不受亂君之祿；尊乎亂世，同乎暴君， +君子恥之也。眾人以毀形為恥，君子以毀義為辱；眾人重利，廉士重名。 + 明君之制：賞從重，罰從輕；食人以壯為量，事人以老為程。 + 君子之言寡而實，小人之言多而虛；君子之學也，入于耳，藏于心， +行之以身；君子之治也，始于不足見，終于不可及也。君子慮福弗及，慮 +禍百之，君子擇人而取，不擇人而与，君子實如虛，有如無。 + 君子有其備則無事；君子不以愧食，不以辱得；君子樂得其志，小人 +樂得其事；君子不以其所不愛，及其所愛也。 + 君子有終身之憂，而無一朝之患，順道而行，循理而言，喜不加易， +怒不加難。 + 君子之過猶日月之蝕也，何害于明？小人可也，猶狗之吠盜，狸之夜 +見，何益于善？夫智者不妄為，勇者不妄殺。 + 君子比義，農夫比谷。事君不得進其言，則辭其爵；不得行其義，則 +辭其祿。人皆知取之為取也，不知与之為取之。政有招寇，行有招恥，弗 +為而自至，天下未有。 + 猛獸狐疑不若蜂蠆之致毒也；高議而不可及，不若卑論之有功也。 + 秦信同姓以王，至其衰也，非易同姓也，而身死國亡。故王者之治天 +下在于行法，不在于信同姓。 + 高山之巔無美木，傷于多陽也；大樹之下無美草，傷于多陰也。 + 鐘子期死而伯牙絕弦破琴，知世莫可為鼓也；惠施卒而庄子深暝不言 +，見世莫可与語也。 + 修身者智之府也，愛施者仁之端也，取予者義之符也，恥辱者勇之決 +也，立名者行之极也。 + 進賢受上賞，蔽賢蒙顯戮，古之通義也；爵人于朝，淪人于市，古之 +通法也。 + 道微而明，淡而有功。非道而得，非時而生，是謂妄成。得而失之， +定而复傾。 + 福者禍之門也。是者非之尊也。治者亂之先也。事無終始而患不及者 +，未之聞也。 + 枝無忘其根，德無忘其報，見利必念害身，故君子留精神，寄心于三 +者，吉祥及子孫矣。 + 兩高不可重，兩大不可容，兩勢不可同，兩貴不可雙；夫重容同雙， +必爭其功，故君子節嗜欲，各守其足，乃能長久。夫節欲而听諫，敬賢而 +勿慢，使能而勿賤；為人君能行此三者，其國必強大而民不去散矣。 + 默無過言，愨無過事；木馬不能行，亦不費食；騏驥日馳千里，鞭棰 +不去其背！ + 寸而度之，至丈必差；銖而稱之，至石必過；石稱丈量，徑而寡失； +簡絲數米，煩而不察。故大較易為智，曲辯難為慧。 + 吞舟之魚，蕩而失水，制于螻蟻者，离其居也；猿猴失木，禽于狐貉 +者，非其處也。騰蛇游霧而生，騰龍乘云而舉，猿得木而挺，魚得水而騖 +，處地宜也。 + 君子博學，患其不習；既習之，患其不能行之；既能行之，患其不能 +以讓也。 + 君子不羞學，不羞問。問訊者知之本，念慮者知之道也。此言貴因人 +知而加知之，不貴獨自用其知而知之。 + 天地之道：极則反，滿則損。五采曜眼有時而渝，茂木丰草有時而落 +。物有盛衰，安得自若。 + 民苦則不仁，勞則詐生，安平則教，危則謀，极則反，滿則損，故君 +子弗滿弗极也。 + + + + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Shouyuan, Volume 13-16, by Xiang Liu + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SHOUYUAN, VOLUME 13-16 *** + +***** This file 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+ lGƤiHhAiHI̡A˦̤]FƤiH +AiH̡A˫i̤]ClGlӤRAG䪾h +AyGR̤bCO]C + ²lGʦAB}A|եCA^THAhѤUiϤ] +C_ODlAB}AHFӱCϤHuդl_|CդlܪeA +{[GvIvvGIC٤_AR]ҡIlͶi +GݮOפ]HդlGҿAB}AʰꤧjҤ]C²l +oӤ]AOPDAΨoӤ]AӦZqFAGCDGҭLI +ԡAhQ藍ܡFzAӺAsFб_ZAhĤCCD +Ggl˨̤]C + դlOAkդGPϨӨqOCXݤG +q]HդlGOq]CGHHդlG +֤GӬӤWҡAR֡CѤOHAwAץpC +ܤZӧ@ȶcǡAְסAi]CGѬoqAOH +CGѦo䨭ӬoqGHlGѥHG +]CYo䨭AALDGHGoqHL]CkJ +GPq]CjaA_GvIoHAZjG +I + ٤OޥѥAѥoӻD_C٤ǤAHݺޥCޥ +GꥲoH]C٤ĤG餧Ъ̡ACSӤW̡AN +OIDO`СALoۥNCֲjAFܡCޥGO] +CDO̩ӶiAŦӥߡCޥGl̤]HG +MCޥGڤAlGHGڻDgl +ѡApHNAѷN]CޥGڤAlHNH +GڻDglTGɬM̡֪AFsMMb̡AF +kMR̡AL]C̡AڱgbxW]AkMRAL +]AgSӤuAҨ̲]Ag|uӫҷ̲]CѼ{p +ѫJA̡A䱩GHڬGCglGZդDAHn]C +DnӥHeOuAOFHէvӻD]C٤Bޥ +AoHv_LnA_LΡAFoCG٤DLS§ +C + ʤӥvOEʰꤧáAʥźӵLwq]AHkkPC +P¤ӰݲjAGѤUAE`CGʥ`C +ݨ仡CGڤAܮʤHѧAPhA +GOMHܥHHƦhqAʩmhAGOˡHܥHF +ꤣAA}OAGO`HOҥHsAҥH`CGڤG +ʥ`C~T~AʪG`C¤SOEӰݲjCGEC +GsC¤ݨGCGѥͥAOAAH +q]CҥHݤ_V~G]AgڤWUҥHߤ]CsUAHެ] +AH]~AkkpATL𮧡A]d֡AqݦndADcA +`ꤧ]CڬGGsC~G~AsG`C¤SO +EӰݤGECOEC¤TСCOEGgC +ߡADꤧ̡AoåBШ§ASovzBSHϦڡAhV +OTQEAHiOECOEG|קgCڻDꤧ]Aѿ +HAOϤFꤧ`]AOäHO̡۪C¤AE +oCPDӬGAGD̨Ai]C + Jݤ_ˤlGɡAѫJEMHG`GH +GOGHGaI_Afܤ_ʡAOH`]C + 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