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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Wei Liao Zi (Military Science of Wei Liao
+Zi), by Wei Liao
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Wei Liao Zi (Military Science of Wei Liao Zi)
+
+Author: Wei Liao
+
+Posting Date: May 8, 2009 [EBook #7219]
+Release Date: January, 2005
+First Posted: March 27, 2003
+
+Language: Chinese
+
+Character set encoding: UTF-8
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WEI LIAO ZI (MILITARY SCIENCE) ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Wan Ting Gong
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Wei Liao Zi (Military Science Of Wei Liao Zi)
+
+by Wei Liao
+
+
+
+The original Chinese:
+
+尉繚子
+
+
+尉繚
+
+
+
+天官第一
+
+
+梁惠王問尉繚子曰：『黃帝刑德，可以百勝，有之乎？』尉繚子對曰：『
+刑以伐之，德以守之，非所謂天官時日陰陽向背也。黃帝者，人事而已矣
+。
+
+『今有城，東西攻不能取；南北攻不能取；四方豈無順時乘之者耶？然不
+能取者，城高池深，兵器備具，財穀多積，豪士一謀者也。若城下池淺守
+弱，則取之矣。由此觀之，天官時日不若人事也。
+
+『按天官曰：「背水陣為絕地，向阪陣為廢軍。」武王伐紂，背濟水向山
+阪而陣，以二萬二千五百人，擊紂之億萬而滅商，豈紂不得天官之陣哉！
+
+『楚將公子心與齊人戰，時有彗星出，柄在齊。柄所在勝，不可擊。公子
+心曰：「彗星何知？以彗鬥者固倒而勝焉。」明日與齊戰，大破之。
+『黃帝曰：「先神先鬼，先稽我智。」謂之天官人事而已。』
+
+
+
+兵談第二
+
+
+量土地肥墝而立邑，建城稱地，以城稱人，以人稱粟。三相稱，則內可以
+固守，外可以戰勝。戰勝於外，備主於內，勝備相用，猶合符節，無異故
+也。
+
+治兵者，若秘於地，若邃於天，生於無，故關之。大不窕，小不恢，明乎
+禁舍開塞，民流者親之。地不任者任之。夫土廣而任則國富，民眾而制則
+國治。富治者，民不發軔，甲不出暴，而威制天下。故曰：「兵勝於朝廷
+。」不暴甲而勝者，主勝也；陣而勝者，將勝也。
+
+兵起，非可以忿也，見勝則興，不見勝則止。患在百里之內，不起一日之
+師；患在千里之內，不起一月之師；患在四海之內，不起一歲之師。
+
+將者，上不制於天，下不制於地，中不制於人，寬不可激而怒，清不可事
+以財。夫心狂、目盲、耳聾，以三悖率人者難矣。
+
+兵之所及，羊腸亦勝，鋸齒亦勝，緣山亦勝，入谷亦勝，方亦勝，員亦勝
+。重者如山、如林、如江、如河，輕者如炮、如燔、如垣壓之，如雲覆之
+，令人聚不得以散，散不得以聚，左不得以右，右不得以左。兵如總木，
+弩如羊角，人人無不騰陵張膽，絕乎疑慮，堂堂決而去。
+
+
+
+制談第三
+
+
+凡兵，制必先定，制先定則士不亂，士不亂則形乃明。金鼓所指，則百人
+盡鬥。陷行亂陣，則千人盡鬥。覆軍殺將，則萬人齊刃。天下莫能當其戰
+矣。
+
+古者，士有什伍，車有偏列，鼓鳴旂麾，先登者未嘗非多力國士也，先死
+者亦未嘗非多力國士也。
+
+損敵一人，而損我百人，此資敵而傷甚焉，世將不能禁。征役分軍而逃歸
+，或臨戰自北，則逃傷甚焉，世將不能禁。殺人於百步之外者弓矢也，殺
+人於五十步之內者矛戟也，將已鼓而士卒相囂，拗矢折矛抱戟，利後發，
+戰，有此數者，內自敗也，世將不能禁。士失什伍，車失偏列，奇兵捐將
+而走，大眾亦走，世將不能禁。夫將能禁此四者，則高山陵之，深水絕之
+，堅陣犯之。不能禁此四者，猶亡舟楫，絕江河，不可得也。
+
+民非樂死而惡生也，號令明，法制審，故能使之前。明賞於前，決罰於後
+，是以發能中利，動則有功。
+
+令百人一卒，千人一司馬，萬人一將，以少誅眾，以弱誅強。試聽臣言，
+其術足使三軍之眾，誅一人無失刑，父不敢舍子，子不敢舍父，況國人乎
+？
+
+一賊仗劍擊於市，萬人無不避之者，臣謂：「非一人之獨勇，萬人皆不肖
+也」。何則？「必死與必生，固不侔也。」聽臣之術，足使三軍之眾為一
+死賊，莫當其前，莫隨其後，而能獨出獨入焉。獨出獨入者，王伯之兵也
+。
+
+有提九萬之眾，而天下莫能當者，誰？曰：「桓公也。」有提七萬之眾，
+而天下莫敢當者，誰？曰：「吳起也。」有提三萬之眾，而天下莫敢當者
+，誰？曰：「武子也。」今天下諸國士所率無不及二十萬眾者，然不能濟
+功名者，不明乎禁舍開塞也。明其制，一人勝之，則十人亦以勝之也。十
+人勝之，則百千萬人亦以勝之也。故曰：「便吾器用，養吾武勇，發之如
+鳥擊，如赴千仞之谿。」
+
+今國被患者，以重幣出聘，以愛子出質，以地界出割，得天下助，卒名為
+十萬，其實不過數萬爾。其兵來者，無不謂將者曰：「無為人下，先戰。
+」其實不可得而戰也。
+
+量吾境內之民，無伍莫能正矣。經制十萬之眾，而王必能使之衣吾衣，食
+吾食。戰不勝，守不固者，非吾民之罪，內自致也。天下諸國助我戰，猶
+良驥騄耳之駃，彼駑馬鬐興角逐，何能紹吾後哉？
+
+吾用天下之用為用，吾制天下之制為制，修吾號令，明吾刑賞，使天下非
+農所得食，非戰無所得爵，使民揚臂爭出農、戰，而天下無敵矣。故曰：
+「發號出令，信行國內。」
+
+民言有可以勝敵者，毋許其空言，必試其能戰也。
+
+視人之地而有之，分人之民而畜之，必能內有其賢者也。不能內有其賢，
+而欲有天下，必覆軍殺將。如此，雖戰勝而國益弱，得地而國益貧，由國
+中之制弊矣。
+
+
+
+戰威第四
+
+
+凡兵，有以道勝，有以威勝，有以力勝。講武料敵，使敵之氣失而師散，
+雖形全而不為之用，此道勝也。審法制，明賞罰，便器用，使民有必戰之
+心，此威勝也。破軍殺將，乘闉發機，潰眾奪地，成功乃返，此力勝也。
+王侯如此，所以三勝者畢矣。
+
+夫將之所以戰者民也，民之所以戰者氣也。氣實則鬥，氣奪則走。
+
+刑未加，兵未接，而所以奪敵者五：一曰廟勝之論；二曰受命之論；三曰
+踰垠之論；四曰深溝高壘之論；五曰舉陣加刑之論。此五者，先料敵而後
+動，是以擊虛奪之也。
+
+善用兵者，能奪人而不奪於人。奪者心之機也，令者一眾心也。眾不審則
+數變，數變則令雖出眾不信矣。
+
+故令之之法，小過無更，小疑無申。故上無疑令，則眾不二聽，動無疑事
+，則眾不二志，未有不信其心而能得其力者也，未有不得其力而能致其死
+戰者也。
+
+故國必有禮、信、親、愛之義，則可以飢易飽；國必有孝、慈、廉、恥之
+俗，則可以死易生。古者率民必先禮信而後爵祿，先廉恥而後刑罰，
+先親愛而後律其身。
+
+故戰者必本乎率身以勵眾士，如心之使四肢也。志不勵則士不死節，士不
+死節則眾不戰。
+
+勵士之道，民之生不可不厚也。爵列之等，死喪之親，民之所營不可不顯
+也。必也因民所生而制之，因民所營而顯之，田祿之實，飲食之親，鄉里
+相勸，死喪相救，兵役相從，此民之所勵也。
+
+使什伍如親戚，卒伯如朋友。止如堵牆，動如風雨，車不結轍，士不旋踵
+，此本戰之道也。
+
+地所以養民也，城所以守地也，戰所以守城也，故務耕者民不飢，務守者
+地不危，務戰者城不圍。三者，先王之本務也，本務者兵最急。
+
+故先王專務於兵，有五焉，委積不多則士不行；賞祿不厚則民不勸；武士
+不選則眾不強；器用不便則力不壯；刑罰不中則眾不畏。務此五者，靜能
+守其所固，動能成其所欲。
+
+夫以居攻出，則居欲重，陣欲堅，發欲畢，鬥欲齊。
+
+王國富民，伯國富士，謹存之國富大夫，亡國富食府，所謂上滿下漏，患
+無所救。
+
+故曰：「舉賢任能，不時日而事利；明法審令，不卜筮而事吉；貴功養勞
+，不禱祠而得福。」又曰：「天時不如地利，地利不如人和。」聖人所貴
+，人事而已。
+
+夫勤勞之師，將必先己，暑不張蓋，寒不重衣，險必下步，軍井成而後飲
+，軍食熟而後飯，軍壘成而後舍，勞佚必以身同之。如此，則師雖久，而
+不老不弊。
+
+
+
+攻權第五
+
+
+兵以靜勝，國以專勝。
+
+力分者弱，心疑者背。夫力弱故進退不豪，縱敵不擒，將吏士卒動靜一身
+。心既疑背，則計決而不動，動決而不禁，異口虛言。將無修容，卒無常
+試，發攻必衄，是謂疾陵之兵，無足與鬥。
+
+將帥者心也，群下者支節也。其心動以誠，則支節必力；其心動以疑，則
+支節必背。夫將不心制，卒不節動，雖勝幸勝也，非攻權也。
+
+夫民無兩畏也，畏我侮敵，畏敵侮我。見侮者敗，立威者勝。凡將能其道
+者，吏畏其將也；吏畏其將者，民畏其吏也；民畏其吏者，敵畏其民也。
+是故，知勝敗之道者，必先知畏侮之權。
+
+夫不愛悅其心者，不我用也；不嚴畏其心者，不我舉也。愛在下順，威在
+上立，愛故不二，威故不犯。故善將者，愛與威而已。
+
+戰不必勝，不可以言戰；攻不必拔，不可以言攻。不然雖刑賞不足信也。
+信在期前，事在未兆，故眾已聚不虛散，兵出不徒歸，求敵若求亡子，擊
+敵若救溺人。
+
+分險者無戰心，挑戰者無全氣，鬥戰者無勝兵。凡挾義而戰者，貴從我起
+，爭私結怨，應不得已。怨結雖起，待之貴後，故爭必當待之，息必當備
+之。
+
+兵有勝於朝廷，有勝於原野，有勝於市井，鬥則得，服則失，幸以不敗，
+此不意彼驚懼而曲勝之也。曲勝，言非全也。非全勝者，無權名。故明主
+戰攻日，合鼓合角，節以兵刃，不求勝而勝也。
+
+兵有去備徹威而勝者，以其有法故也。有器用之蚤定也，其應敵也周，其
+總率也極。故五人而伍，十人而什，百人而卒，千人而率，萬人而將，已
+周已極，其朝死則朝代，暮死則暮代，權敵審將，而後舉兵。
+
+故凡集兵千里者旬日，百里者一日，必集敵境。卒聚將至，深入其地，錯
+絕其道，棲其大城大邑，使之登城逼危，男女數重，各逼地形，而攻要塞
+。據一城邑，而數道絕，從而攻之，敵將帥不能信，吏卒不能和，刑有所
+不從者，則我敗之矣。敵救未至，而一城已降。
+
+津梁未發，要塞未修，城險未設，渠答未張，則雖有城無守矣。遠堡未入
+，戍客未歸，則雖有人無人矣。六畜未聚，五穀未收，財用未歛，則雖有
+資無資矣。夫城邑空虛而資盡者，我因其虛而攻之。法曰：「獨出獨入，
+敵不接刃而致之。」此之謂矣。
+
+
+
+守權第六
+
+
+凡守者，進不郭圉，退不亭障，以禦戰非善者也。豪傑雄俊，堅甲利兵，
+勁弩強矢，盡在郭中，乃收窖廩，毀拆而入保，令客氣十百倍，而主之氣
+不半焉。敵攻者，傷之甚也，然而世將弗能知。
+
+夫守者，不失險者也。守法，城一丈十人守之，工食不與焉。出者不守，
+守者不出，一而當十，十而當百，百而當千，千而當萬，故為城郭者，非
+特費於民聚土壤也。誠為守也。
+
+千丈之城則萬人守之，池深而廣，城堅而厚，士民備，薪食給，弩堅矢強
+，矛戟稱之，此守法也。
+
+攻者不下十餘萬之眾，其有必救之軍者，則有必守之城；無必救之軍者，
+無必守之城。
+
+若彼城堅而救誠，則愚夫愚婦無不蔽城，盡資血城者。期年之城，守餘於
+攻者，救餘於守者。若彼城堅而救不誠，則愚夫愚婦無不守陴而泣下，此
+人之常情也，遂發其窖廩救撫，則亦不能止矣。必鼓其豪傑雄俊，堅甲利
+兵，勁弩強矢并於前，么麼毀瘠者并於後。
+
+十萬之軍頓於城下，救必開之，守必出之。出據要塞，但救其後，無絕其
+糧道，中外相應。
+
+此救而示之不誠，示之不誠，則倒敵而待之者也。後其壯，前其老，彼敵
+無前，守不得而止矣，此守權之謂也。
+
+
+
+十二陵第七
+
+
+威在於不變；惠在於因時；機在於應事；戰在於治氣；攻在於意表；守在
+於外飾；無過在於度數；無困在於豫備；謹在於畏小；智在於治大；除害
+在於果斷；得眾在於下人。
+
+悔在於任疑；孽在於屠戮；偏在於多私；不詳在於惡聞己過；不度在於竭
+民財；不明在於受間；不實在於輕發；固陋在於離質；禍在於好利；害在
+於親小人；亡在於無所守；危在於無號令。
+
+
+
+武議第八
+
+
+凡兵不攻無過之城，不殺無罪之人。夫殺人之父兄，利人之財貨，臣妾人
+之子女，此皆盜也。故兵者所以誅亂禁不義也。兵之所加者，農不離其田
+業，賈不離其肆宅，士大夫不離其官府，由其武議在於一人，故兵不血刃
+，而天下親焉。
+
+萬乘農戰，千乘救守，百乘事養。農戰不外索權，救守不外索助，事養不
+外索資。
+
+夫出不足戰，入不足守者，治之以市。市者，所以給戰守也。萬乘無千乘
+之助，必有百乘之市。
+
+凡誅者所以明武也，殺一人而三軍震者，殺之。殺一人而萬人喜者，殺之
+。殺之貴大，賞之貴小，當殺而雖貴重必殺之，是刑上究也。賞及牛童馬
+圉者，是賞下流也。夫能刑上究賞下流，此將之武也，故人主重將。
+
+夫將提鼓揮枹，臨難決戰，接兵角刃，鼓之而當，則賞功立名，鼓之而不
+當，則身死國亡。是存亡安危在於枹端，奈何無重將也。
+
+夫提鼓揮枹，接兵角刃，居以武事成功者，臣以為非難也。古人曰：「無
+蒙衝而攻，無渠答而守。是謂無善之軍。視無見，聽無聞，由國無市也。
+夫市也者，百貨之官也，市賤賣貴，以限士人。人食粟一斗，馬食菽三斗
+，人有飢色，馬有瘠形，何也？市有所出，而官無主也。夫提天下之節制
+，而無百貨之官，無謂其能戰也。
+
+起兵，直使甲冑生蟣蝨，必為吾所效用也。鷙鳥逐雀，有襲人之懷，入人
+之室者，非出生也，後有憚也。
+
+太公望年七十，屠牛朝歌，賣食盟津，過七十餘而主不聽，人人謂之狂夫
+也。及遇文王，則提三萬之眾，一戰而天下定，非武議安得此合也。故曰
+：「良馬有策，遠道可致；賢士有合，大道可明。」
+
+武王伐紂，師渡盟津，右旄左鉞，死士三百，戰士三萬。紂之陳億萬，飛
+廉、惡來身先戟斧，陳開百里。武王不罷市民，兵不血刃，而克商誅紂，
+無祥異也，人事修不修而然也。
+
+今世將考孤虛，占咸池，合龜兆，視吉凶，觀星辰風雲之變，欲以成勝立
+功，臣以為難。夫將者，上不制於天，下不制於地，中不制於人。故兵者
+，凶器也。爭者，逆德也。將者，死官也。故不得已而用之。
+
+無天於上，無地於下，無主於後，無敵於前。一人之兵，如狼如虎，如風
+如雨，如雷如霆，震震冥冥，天下皆驚。
+
+勝兵似水，夫水至柔弱者也，然所以觸，丘陵必為之崩，無異也，性專而
+觸誠也。今以莫邪之利，犀兕之堅，三軍之眾，有所奇正，則天下莫當其
+戰矣。
+
+吳起與秦戰，舍不平隴畝，樸嫩蓋之，以蔽霜露，如此何也？不自高人故
+也。乞人之死不索尊，竭人之力不責禮，故古者甲冑之士不拜，示人無已
+煩也。夫煩人而欲乞其死，竭其力，自古至今，未嘗聞矣。
+
+將受命之日，忘其家，張軍宿野忘其親，援枹而鼓忘其身。吳起臨戰，左
+右進劍。起曰：「將專主旗鼓爾，臨難決疑，揮兵指刃，此將事也。一劍
+之任，非將事也。」
+
+三軍成行，一舍而後成三舍，三舍之餘，如決川源。望敵在前，因其所長
+而用之。敵白者堊之，赤者赭之。
+
+吳起與秦戰未合，一夫不勝其勇，前獲雙首而還。吳起立命斬之。軍吏諫
+曰：「此材士也，不可斬！」起曰：「材士則是也，非吾令也。」斬之。
+
+
+
+將理第九
+
+
+凡將，理官也，萬物之主也，不私於一人。夫能無私於一人，故萬物至而
+制之，萬物至而命之。
+
+君子不救囚於五步之外，雖鉤兵射之，弗追也。故善審囚之情，不待菙楚
+，而囚之情可畢矣。
+
+笞人之背，灼人之脅，束人之指，而訊囚之情，雖國士有不勝其酷，而自
+誣矣。
+
+今世諺云：「千金不死，百金不刑。」試聽臣之術，雖有堯、舜之智，不
+能關一言；雖有萬金，不能用一銖。
+
+今夫決獄，小圄不下數十，中圄不下數百，大圄不下數千。十人聯百人之
+事，百人聯千人之事，千人聯萬人之事，所聯之者，親戚兄弟也，其次婚
+姻也，其次知識故人也。是農無不離田業，賈無不離肆宅，士大夫無不離
+官府。如此關聯良民，皆囚之情也。兵法曰：「十萬之師出，日費千金。
+」今良民十萬，而聯於囹圄，上不能省，臣以為危也。
+
+
+
+原官第十
+
+
+官者，事之所主，為治之本也。制者，職分四民，治之分也。貴爵富祿必
+稱，尊卑之體也。
+
+好善罰惡，正比法，會計民之具也。均井地，節賦斂，取予之度也。程工
+人，備器用，匠工之功也。分地塞要，殄怪禁淫之事也。
+
+守法稽斷，臣下之節也。明法稽驗，主上之操也。明主守，等輕重，臣主
+之權也。明賞賚，嚴誅責，止姦之術也。審開塞，守一道，為政之要也。
+
+下達上通，至聰之聽也。知國有無之數，用其仂也。知彼弱者，強之體也
+。知彼動者，靜之決也。
+
+官分文武，惟王之二術也。俎豆同制，天子之會也。遊說間諜無自入，正
+議之術也。
+
+諸侯有謹天子之禮，君臣繼世，承王之命也。更造易常，違王明德，故禮
+得以伐之。官無事治，上無慶賞，民無獄訟，國無商賈，何王之至？明舉
+上達，在王垂聽也。
+
+
+
+治本第十一
+
+
+凡治人者何？曰：「非五穀無以充腹，非絲麻無以蓋形。」故充腹有粒，
+蓋形有縷，夫在芸耨，妻在機杼，民無二事，則有儲蓄，夫無雕文刻鏤之
+事，女無繡飾纂組之作。
+
+木器液，金器腥，聖人飲於土，食於土，故埏埴以為器，天下無費。今也
+，金木之性不寒，而衣繡飾；馬牛之性食草飲水，而給菽粟。是治失其本
+，而宜設之制也。
+
+春夏夫出於南畝，秋冬女練於布帛，則民不困。今短褐不蔽形，糟糠不充
+腹，失其治也。
+
+古者土無肥瘠，人無勤惰，古人何得，今人何失耶？耕者不終畝，織者日
+斷機，而奈何飢寒。蓋古治之行，今治之止也。
+
+夫謂治者，使民無私也。民無私，則天下為一家，無私耕私織，共寒其寒
+，共飢其飢。故如有子十人，不加一飯；有子一人，不損一飯，焉有喧呼
+酖酒以敗善類乎？
+
+民相輕佻，則欲心與爭奪之患起矣。橫生於一夫，則民私飯有儲食，私用
+有儲財，民一犯禁，而拘以刑治，烏有以為人上也。善政執其制，使民無
+私，則為下不敢私，則無為非者矣。
+
+反本緣理，出乎一道，則欲心去，爭奪止，囹圄空，野充粟多，安民懷遠
+，外無天下之難，內無暴亂之事，治之至也。
+
+蒼蒼之天，莫知其極，帝王之君，誰為法則？往世不可及，來世不可待，
+求己者也。
+
+所謂天子者四焉：一曰神明；二曰垂光；三曰洪敘；四曰無敵。此天子之
+事也。
+
+野物不為犧牲，雜學不為通儒。今說者曰：「百里之海，不能飲一夫；三
+尺之泉，足止三軍渴。」臣謂：「欲生於無度，邪生於無禁。」
+
+太上神化，其次因物，其下在於無奪民時，無損民財。夫禁必以武而成，
+賞必以文而成。
+
+
+
+戰權第十二
+
+
+兵法曰：「千人而成權，萬人而成武。權先加人者，敵不力交；武先加人
+者，敵無威接。」故兵貴先勝於此，則勝彼矣；弗勝於此，則弗勝彼矣。
+凡我往則彼來，彼來則我往，相為勝敗，此戰之理然也。
+
+夫精誠在乎神明，戰權在乎道所極。有者無之，無者有之，安所信之。
+
+先王之所傳聞者，任正去詐，存其慈順，決無留刑。故知道者，必先圖不
+知止之敗，惡在乎必往有功。輕進而求戰者，敵復圖止，我往而敵制勝矣
+。故兵法曰：「求而從之，見而加之，主人不敢當而陵之，必喪其權。」
+
+凡奪者無氣，恐者不可守；敗者無人，兵無道也。意往而不疑則從之，奪
+敵者無前則加之，明視而高居則威之，兵道極矣。
+
+其言無謹偷矣，其陵犯無節破矣，水潰雷擊三軍亂矣。必安其危，去其患
+，以智決之。
+
+高之以廊廟之論，重之以受命之論，銳之以踰垠之論，則敵國可不戰而服
+。
+
+
+
+重刑令第十三
+
+
+夫將自千人以上，有戰而北，守而降，離地逃眾，命曰「國賊」。身戮家
+殘，去其籍，發其墳墓，暴其骨於市，男女公於官。自百人以上，有戰而
+北，守而降，離地逃眾，命曰「軍賊」。身死家殘，男女公於官。使民內
+畏重刑，則外輕敵。
+
+故先王明制度於前，重威刑於後。刑重則內畏，內畏則外輕矣。
+
+
+
+伍制令第十四
+
+
+軍中之制，五人為伍，伍相保也。十人為什，什相保也。五十為屬，屬相
+保也。百人為閭，閭相保也。
+
+伍有干令犯禁者，揭之免於罪，知而弗揭，全伍有誅。什有干令犯禁者，
+揭之免於罪，知而弗揭，全什有誅。屬有干令犯禁者，揭之免於罪，知而
+弗揭，全屬有誅。閭有干令犯禁者，揭之免於罪，知而弗揭，全閭有誅。
+
+吏自什長以上，至左右將，上下皆相保也。有干令犯禁者，揭之免於罪，
+知而弗揭之，皆與同罪。
+
+夫什伍相結，上下相聯，無有不得之姦，無有不揭之罪，父不得以私其子
+，兄不得以私其弟，而況國人聚舍同食，烏能以干令相私者哉。
+
+
+
+分塞令第十五
+
+
+中軍、左、右、前、後軍，皆有分地，方之以行垣，而無通其交往。將有
+分地，帥有分地，伯有分地，皆營其溝域，而明其塞令，使非百人無得通
+。非其百人而入者伯誅之，伯不誅與之同罪。
+
+軍中縱橫之道，百有二十步而立一府柱。量人與地，柱道相望，禁行清道
+，非將吏之符節，不得通行。采薪芻牧者皆成伍，不成伍者不得通行。吏
+屬無節，士無伍者，橫門誅之。踰分干地者，誅之。故內無干令犯禁，則
+外無不獲之姦。
+
+
+
+束伍令第十六
+
+
+束伍之令曰：五人為伍，共一符，收於將吏之所，亡伍而得伍當之。得伍
+而不亡有賞，亡伍不得伍，身死家殘。亡長得長當之，得長不亡有賞，亡
+長不得長，身死家殘，復戰得首長，除之。亡將得將當之，得將不亡有賞
+，亡將不得將，坐離地遁逃之法。
+
+戰誅之法曰：什長得誅十人，伯長得誅什長，千人之將得誅百人之長，萬
+人之將得誅千人之將，左右將軍得誅萬人之將，大將軍無不得誅。
+
+
+
+經卒令第十七
+
+
+經卒者，以經令分之為三分焉：左軍蒼旂，卒戴蒼羽；右軍白旂，卒戴白
+羽；中軍黃旂，卒戴黃羽。卒有五章：前一行蒼章，次二行赤章，次三行
+黃章，次四行白章，次五行黑章。
+
+次以經卒，亡章者有誅，前一五行，置章於首；次二五行，置章於項；次
+三五行，置章於胸；次四五行，置章於腹；次五五行，置章於腰。如此，
+卒無非其吏，吏無非其卒，見非而不詰，見亂而不禁，其罪如之。
+
+鼓行交鬥，則前行進為犯難，後行進為辱眾。踰五行而前進者有賞，踰五
+行而後者有誅，所以知進退先後，吏卒之功也。故曰：「鼓之前如霆，動
+如風雨，莫敢當其前，莫敢躡其後。」言有經也。
+
+
+
+勒卒令第十八
+
+
+金、鼓、鈴、旂四者各有法。鼓之則進，重鼓則擊。金之則止，重金則退
+。鈴，傳令也。旂麾之左則左，麾之右則右，奇兵則反是。
+
+一鼓一擊而左，一鼓一擊而右。一步一鼓，步鼓也。十步一鼓，趨鼓也，
+音不絕，鶩鼓也。商，將鼓也。角，帥鼓也，小鼓，伯鼓也。三鼓同，則
+將、帥、伯其心一也。奇兵則反是。
+
+鼓失次者有誅，喧嘩者有誅，不聽金、鼓、鈴、旂者有誅。
+
+百人而教戰，教成，合之千人。千人教成，合之萬人。萬人教成，合之三
+軍。三軍之眾，有分有合，為大戰之法，教成，試之以閱。
+
+方亦勝，圓亦勝，錯斜亦勝，臨險亦勝。敵在山緣而從之，敵在淵沒而從
+之，求敵如求亡子，從之無疑，故能敗敵而制其命。
+
+夫蚤決先敵，若計不先定，慮不蚤決，則進退不定，疑生必敗。故正兵貴
+先，奇兵貴後，或先或後，制敵者也。世將不知法者，專命而行，先擊而
+勇，無不敗者也。
+
+其舉有疑而不疑，其往有信而不信，其致有遲疾而不遲疾，是三者戰之累
+也。
+
+
+
+將令第十九
+
+
+將軍受命，君必先謀於廟，行令於廷，君身以斧鉞授將曰：「左、右、中
+軍皆有分職，若踰分而上請者死，軍無二令，二令者誅。留令者誅。失令
+者誅。」
+
+將軍告曰：「出國門之外，期日中設營，表置轅門，期之，如過時則坐法
+。」
+
+將軍入營，即閉門清道，有敢行者誅，有敢高言者誅，有敢不從令者誅。
+
+
+
+踵軍令第二十
+
+
+所謂踵軍者，去大軍百里，期於會地，為三日熟食，前軍而行，為戰合之
+表。合表，乃起踵軍，饗士，使為之戰勢，是謂趨戰者也。
+
+興軍者，前踵軍而行，合表乃起，去大軍一倍其道，去踵軍百里，期於會
+地，為六日熟食，使為戰備，分卒據要害。戰利則追北，按兵而趨之。踵
+軍遇有還者誅之。所謂諸將之兵，在四奇之內者勝也。
+
+兵有什伍，有分有合，豫為之職，守要塞關梁而分居之。戰合表起，即皆
+會也。大軍為計日之食起，戰具無不及也，令行而起，不如令者有誅。
+
+凡稱分塞者，四境之內，當興軍踵軍既行，則四境之民，無得行者。奉王
+之軍命，授持符節，名為順職之吏，非順職之吏而行者誅之。戰合表起，
+順職之吏，乃行用以相參，故欲戰先安內也。
+
+
+
+兵教上第二十一
+
+
+兵之教，令分營居陳，有非令而進退者，加犯教之罪。前行者前行教之，
+後行者後行教之，左行者左行教之，右行者右行教之，教舉五人，其甲首
+有賞。弗教如犯教之罪。羅地者，自揭其伍，伍內互揭之，免其罪。
+
+凡伍臨陳，若一人有不進死於敵，則教者如犯法之罪。凡什保什，若亡一
+人，而九人不盡死於敵，則教者如犯教之罪。自什己上，至於裨將，有不
+若法者，則教者如犯法者之罪。
+
+凡明刑罰，正勸賞，必在乎兵教之法。
+
+將異其旂，卒異其章，左軍章左肩，右軍章右肩，中軍章胸前。書其章曰
+：某甲、某士。前後軍各五行，尊章置首上，其次差降之。
+
+伍長教其四人，以板為鼓，以瓦為金，以竿為旂。擊鼓而進，低旂則趨，
+擊金而退。麾而左之，麾而右之，金鼓俱擊而坐。
+
+伍長教成，合之什長。什長教成，合之卒長。卒長教成，合之伯長。伯長
+教成，合之兵尉。兵尉教成，合之裨將。裨將教成，合之大將。大將教之
+，陳於中野，置大表三百步而一。既陣去表，百步而決。百步而趨，百步
+而鶩，習戰以成其節，乃為之賞罰。
+
+自尉吏而下，盡有旂。戰勝得旂者，各視所得之爵，以明賞勸之心。
+
+戰勝在乎立威，立威在乎戮力，戮力在乎正罰，正罰者所以明賞也。
+
+令民背國門之限，決生死之分，教之死而不疑者，有以也。令守者必固，
+戰者必鬥，姦謀不作，姦民不語，令行無變，兵行無猜，輕者若霆，奮敵
+若驚。舉功別德，明如白黑，令民從上令，如四肢應心也。
+
+前軍絕行亂陳，破堅如潰者，有以也。此謂之兵教。所以開封疆，守社稷
+，除患害，成武德也。
+
+
+
+兵教下第二十二
+
+
+臣聞人君有必勝之道，故能并兼廣大，以一其制度，則威加天下有十二焉
+：
+
+一曰連刑，謂同罪保伍也；二曰地禁，謂禁止行道，以網外姦也；三曰全
+軍，謂甲首相附，三五相同，以結其聯也；四曰開塞，謂分地以限，各死
+其職而堅守也；五曰分限，謂左右相禁，前後相待，垣車為固，以逆以止
+也；六曰號別，謂前列務進以別，其後者不得爭先登不次也；七曰五章，
+謂彰明行列，始卒不亂也；八曰全曲，謂曲折相從，皆有分部也；九曰金
+鼓，謂興有功，致有德也；十曰陳車，謂接連前矛，馬冒其目也；十一曰
+死士，謂眾軍之中有材智者，乘於戰車，前後縱橫，出奇制敵也；十二曰
+力卒，謂經旂全曲，不麾不動也。
+
+此十二者教成，犯令不舍。兵弱能強之，主卑能尊之，令弊能起之，民流
+能親之，人眾能治之，地大能守之。國車不出於閫，組甲不出於橐，而威
+服天下矣。
+
+兵有五致：為將忘家，踰垠忘親，指敵忘身，必死則生，急勝為下。
+
+百人被刃，陷行亂陳，千人被刃，擒敵殺將，萬人被刃，橫行天下。
+
+武王問太公望曰：「吾欲少間而極用人之要？」望對曰：「賞如山，罰如
+谿。太上無過，其次補過，使人無得私語。諸罰而請不罰者死，諸賞而請
+不賞者死。伐國必因其變，示之以財，以觀其窮，示之以弊，以觀其病，
+上乖下離，若此之類是伐之因也。」
+
+凡興師，必審內外之權，以計其去。兵有備闕，糧食有餘不足，校所出入
+之路，然後興師伐亂，必能入之。
+
+地大而城小者，必先收其地。城大而窄者，必先攻其城。地廣而人寡者，
+則絕其阨。地狹而人眾者，則築大堙以臨之。無喪其利，無奮其時，寬其
+政，夷其業；救其弊，則足施天下。
+
+今戰國相攻，大伐有德。自伍而兩，自兩而師，不一其令。率俾民心不定
+，徒尚驕侈，謀患辨訟，吏究其事，累且敗也。日暮路遠，還有挫氣。師
+老將貪，爭掠易敗。
+
+凡將輕，壘卑，眾動，可攻也。將重，壘高，眾懼，可圍也。凡圍必開其
+小利，使漸夷弱，則節各有不食者矣。眾夜擊者驚也，眾避事者離也。待
+人之救，期戰而蹙，皆心失而傷氣也。傷氣敗軍，曲謀敗國。
+
+
+
+兵令上第二十三
+
+
+兵者，凶器也。爭者，逆德也。事必有本，故王者伐暴亂，本仁義焉。戰
+國則以立威，抗敵，相圖，不能廢兵也。
+
+兵者以武為植，以文為種。武為表，文為堙C能審此二者，知勝敗矣。文
+所以視利害，辨安危；武所以犯強敵，力攻守也。
+
+專一則勝，離散則敗。陳以密則固，鋒以疏則達。卒畏將甚於敵者勝，卒
+畏敵甚於將者敗。所以知勝敗者，稱將於敵也，敵與將猶權衡焉。安靜則
+治，暴疾則亂。
+
+出卒陳兵有常令，行伍疏數有常法，先後之次有適宜。常令者，非追北襲
+邑攸用也。前後不次則失也。亂先後斬之。
+
+常陳皆向敵，有內向，有外向，有立陳，有坐陳。夫內向所以顧中也，外
+向所以備外也，立陳所以進也，坐陳所以止也，立坐之陳，相參進止，將
+在其中。坐之兵劍斧，立之兵戟弩，將亦居中。
+
+善禦敵者，正兵先合，而後振之，此必勝之術也。陳之斧鉞，飾之旂章，
+有功必賞，犯令必死，存亡死生，在枹之端，雖天下有善兵者，莫能禦此
+矣。
+
+矢射未交，長刃未接，前譟者謂之虛，後譟者謂之實，不譟者謂之秘，虛
+實者兵之體也。
+
+
+
+兵令下第二十四
+
+
+諸去大軍為前禦之備者，邊縣列候各相去三、五里。聞大軍為前禦之備戰
+，則皆禁行，所以安內也。
+
+內卒出戍，令將吏授旂鼓戈甲。發日，後將吏及出縣封界者，以坐後戍法
+。兵戍邊一歲，遂亡不候代者，法比亡軍。父母妻子知之，與同罪。弗知
+，赦之。
+
+卒後將吏而至大將所一日，父母妻子盡同罪。卒逃歸至家一日，父母妻子
+弗捕執及不言，亦同罪。
+
+諸戰而亡其將吏者，及將吏棄卒獨北者，盡斬之。前吏棄其卒而北，後吏
+能斬之而奪其卒者，賞。軍無功者，戍三歲。
+
+三軍大戰，若大將死，而從吏五百人以上不能死敵者，斬。大將左右近卒
+在陳中者，皆斬。餘士卒，有軍功者，奪一級。無軍功者，戍三歲。
+
+戰亡伍人，及伍人戰死不得其死，同伍盡奪其功。得其屍，罪皆赦。
+
+軍之利害，在國之名實。今名在官，而實在家，官不得其實，家不得其名
+。聚卒為軍，有空名而無實，外不足以禦敵，內不足以守國，此軍之所以
+不給，將之所以奪威也。
+
+臣以謂卒逃歸者，同舍伍人及吏，罰入糧為饒。名為軍實，是有一軍之名
+，而有二實之出，國內空虛，自竭民歲，曷以免奔北之禍乎？
+
+今以法止逃歸，禁亡軍，是兵之一勝也。什伍相聯，及戰鬥則卒吏相救，
+是兵之二勝也。將能立威，卒能節制，號令明信，攻守皆得，是兵之三勝
+也。
+
+臣聞古之善用兵者，能殺士卒之半，其次殺其十三，其下殺其十一。能殺
+其半者，威加海內；殺十三者，力加諸侯；殺十一者，令行士卒。故曰：
+百萬之眾不用命，不如萬人之鬥也。萬人之鬥，不如百人之奮也。
+
+『賞如日月，信如四時，令如斧鉞，制如干將，士卒不用命者，未之聞也
+。』
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Wei Liao Zi (Military Science of Wei
+Liao Zi), by Wei Liao
+
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