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diff --git a/7218-0.txt b/7218-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..82eb6c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/7218-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,656 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of San Lve (Three Tactics of Huang Shi Gong), by +Huang Shi Gong + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: San Lve (Three Tactics of Huang Shi Gong) + +Author: Huang Shi Gong + +Posting Date: May 8, 2009 [EBook #7218] +Release Date: January, 2005 +First Posted: March 27, 2003 + +Language: Chinese + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LAN LVE (THREE TACTICS) *** + + + + +Produced by Wan Ting Gong + + + + + + + + +San Lve (three tactics Of Huang Shi Gong) + +by Huang Shi Gong + + + +The original Chinese: + +《三略》 + + + +黃石公 + + + +〈上略〉 + + +夫主將之法,務攬英雄之心,賞祿有功,通志于眾。故與眾同好,靡不成;與 +眾同惡,靡不傾。治國安家,得人也;亡國破家,失人也。含氣之類,咸願得 +其志。 + +軍讖曰:「柔能制剛,弱能制強。柔者,德也;剛者,賊也。弱者,人之所助 +;強者,怨之所攻。柔有所設,剛有所施;弱有所用,強有所加。兼此四者, +而制其宜。端末未見,人莫能知。天地神明,與物推移。變動無常,因敵變化 +。不為事先,動而輒隨。故能圖制無疆,扶成天威;匡正八極,密定九夷。如 +此謀者,為帝王師。」故曰:莫不貪強,鮮能守微,若能守微,乃保其生。聖 +人存之,以應事機。舒之彌四海,卷之不盈杯;居之不以室宅,守之不以城郭 +;藏之胸臆,而敵國服。 + +軍讖曰:「能柔能剛,其國彌光;能弱能強,其國彌彰。純柔純弱,其國必削 +;純剛純強,其國必亡。」 + +夫為國之道,恃賢與民;信賢如腹心,使民如四肢,則策無遺。所適如肢體相 +隨,骨節相救,天道自然,其巧無間。 + +軍國之要,察眾心,施百務。危者安之。懼者歡之。叛者還之。冤者原之。訴 +者察之。 + +卑者貴之。強者抑之。敵者殘之。貪者豐之。欲者使之。畏者隱之。謀者近之 +。讒者覆之。毀者復之。反者廢之。橫者挫之。滿者損之。 + +歸者招之。服者居之。降者脫之。獲固守之,獲阨塞之,獲難屯之,獲城割之 +,獲地裂之,獲財散之。 + +敵動伺之,敵近備之,敵強下之,敵佚去之,敵陵待之,敵暴綏之,敵悖義之 +,敵睦攜之。順舉挫之。因勢破之。放言過之。四網羅之。得而勿有,居而勿 +守,拔而勿久,立而勿取;為者則己,有者則士,焉知利之所在。彼為諸侯, +己為天子,使城自保,令士自處。」 + +世能祖祖,鮮能下下;祖祖為親,下下為君。下下者,務耕桑,不奪其時;薄 +賦斂,不匱其財;罕徭役,不使其勞。則國富而家娭,然後選士以司牧之。夫 +所謂士者,英雄也。故曰:羅其英雄,則敵國窮。英雄者,國之幹;庶民者, +國之本。得其幹,收其本,則政行而無怨。 + +夫用兵之要,在崇禮而重祿。禮崇則智士至,祿重則義士輕死。故祿賢不愛財 +,賞功不踰時,則下力并,而敵國削。夫用人之道:尊以爵,贍以財,則士自 +來;接以禮,勵以義,則士死之。 夫將帥者,必與士卒同滋味,而共安危 +,敵乃可加。故兵有全勝,敵有全囚。昔者良將之用兵,有饋簞醪者,使投諸 +河,與士卒同流而飲。夫一簞之醪,不能味一河之水,而三軍之士,思為致死 +者,以滋味之及己也。 + +軍讖曰:「軍井未達,將不言渴;軍幕未辦,將不言倦;軍灶未炊,將不言飢 +。冬不服裘,夏不操扇,雨不張蓋,是謂將禮。與之安,與之危,故其眾可合 +而不可離,可用而不可疲;以其恩素蓄,謀素合也。」故曰:蓄恩不倦,以一 +取萬。 + +軍讖曰:「將之所以為威者,號令也;戰之所以全勝者,軍政也;士之所以輕 +戰者,用命也。故將無還令,賞罰必信;如天如地,乃可御人;士卒用命,乃 +可越境。」 + + +夫統軍持勢者,將也;制勝敗敵者,眾也。故亂將不可使保軍,乖眾不可使伐 +人。攻城則不拔,圍邑則不廢。二者無功,則士力疲獘;士力疲獘,則將孤眾 +特。以守則不固,以戰則奔北,是謂老兵。兵老,則將威不行;將無威,則士 +卒輕刑;士卒輕刑,則軍失伍;軍失伍,則士卒逃亡;士卒逃亡,則敵乘利; +敵乘利,則軍必喪。 + +軍讖曰:「良將之統軍也,恕己而治人。推惠施恩,士力日新,戰如風發,攻 +如河決。故其眾可望而不可當,可下而不可勝。以身先人,故其兵為天下雄。 +」 + +軍讖曰:「軍以賞為表,以罰為堙C賞罰明,則將威行;官人得,則士卒服; +所任賢,則敵國畏。」 + +軍讖曰:「賢者所適,其前無敵。故士可下而不可驕,將可樂而不可憂,謀可 +深而不可疑。士驕,則下不順;將憂,則內外不相信;謀疑,則敵國奮。以此 +攻伐,則致亂。夫將者,國之命也。將能制勝,則國家安定。」 + + +軍讖曰:「將能清,能靜,能平,能整;能受諫,能聽訟,能納人,能採言; +能知國俗,能圖山川,能表險難,能制軍權。故曰:仁賢之智,聖明之慮,負 +薪之言,廊廟之語,興衰之事,將所宜聞。 + +將者,能思士如渴,則策從焉。夫將拒諫,則英雄散;策不從,則謀士叛。善 +惡同,則功臣倦;專己,則下歸咎;自伐,則下少功;信讒,則眾離心;貪財 +,則奸不禁;內顧,則士卒淫。將有一,則眾不服;有二,則軍無式;有三, +則下奔北;有四,則禍及國。」 + +軍讖曰:「將謀欲密,士眾欲一,攻敵欲疾。將謀密,則奸心閉;士眾一,則 +軍心結;攻敵疾,則備不及設。軍有此三者,則計不奪。將謀泄,則軍無勢; +外窺內,則禍不制;財入營,則眾奸會。將有此三者,軍必敗。將無慮,則謀 +士去;將無勇,則吏士恐;將妄動,則軍不重;將遷怒,則一軍懼。」軍讖曰 +:「慮也,勇也,將之所重;動也,怒也,將之所用。此四者,將之明誡也。 +」 + +軍讖曰:「軍無財,士不來;軍無賞,士不往。」軍讖曰:「香餌之下,必有 +懸魚;重賞之下,必有死夫。故禮者,士之所歸;賞者,士之所死。招其所歸 +,示其所死,則所求者至。故禮而後悔者,士不止;賞而後悔者,士不使。禮 +賞不倦,則士爭死。」 + +軍讖曰:「興師之國,務先隆恩;攻取之國,務先養民。以寡勝眾者,恩也; +以弱勝強者,民也。故良將之養士,不易於身,故能使三軍如一心,則其勝可 +全。」 + +軍讖曰:「用兵之要,必先察敵情。視其倉庫,度其糧食,卜其強弱,察其天 +地,伺其空隙。故國無軍旅之難而運糧者,虛也;民菜色者,窮也。千里饋糧 +,民有飢色;樵蘇後爨,師不宿飽。夫運糧千里,無一年之食;二千里,無二 +年之食;三千里,無三年之食,是謂國虛。國虛,則民貧;民貧,則上下不親 +。敵攻其外,民盜其內。是謂必潰。」 + +軍讖曰:「上行虐,則下急刻。賦重斂數,刑罰無極,民相殘賊。是謂亡國。 +」軍讖曰:「內貪外廉,詐譽取名,竊公為恩,令上下昏,飾躬正顏,以獲高 +官。是謂盜端。」軍讖曰:「群吏朋黨,各進所親;招舉姦枉,抑挫仁賢;背 +公立私,同位相訕。是謂亂源。」軍讖曰:「強宗聚姦,無位而尊,威而不震 +,葛藟相連,種德立恩,奪在位權,侵侮下民,國內譁諠,臣蔽不言。是謂亂 +根。」 + +軍讖曰:「世世作姦,侵盜縣官,進退求便,委曲弄文,以危其軍。是謂國姦 +。」軍讖曰:「吏多民寡,尊卑相若,強弱相虜,莫適禁禦,延及君子,國受 +其咎。」軍讖曰:「善善不進,惡惡不退;賢者隱蔽,不肖在位,國受其害。 +」軍讖曰:「枝葉強大,比周居勢,卑賤陵貴,久而益大,上不忍廢,國受其 +敗。」 + + +軍讖曰:「佞臣在上,一軍皆訟。引威自與,動違于眾。無進無退,苟然取容 +。專任自己,舉措伐功。誹謗盛德,誣述庸庸。無善無惡,皆與己同。稽留行 +事,命令不通。造作奇政,變古易常。君用佞人,必受禍殃。」 + +軍讖曰:「姦雄相稱,障蔽主明;毀譽並興,壅塞主聰;各阿所私,命主失忠 +。故主察異言,乃睹其萌;主聘儒賢,姦雄乃遯;主任舊齒,萬事乃理;主聘 +岩穴,士乃得實;謀及負薪,功乃可述;不失人心,德乃洋溢。」 + + + + +〈中略〉 + +夫三皇無言,而化流四海,故天下無所歸功。帝者,體天則地,有言有令,而 +天下太平。君臣讓功,四海化行,百姓不知其所以然。故使臣不待禮賞有功, +美而無害。王者,制人之道,降心服志,設矩備衰,四海會同,王職不廢,雖 +有甲兵之備,而無鬥戰之患。君無疑于臣,臣無疑于主;國定主安,臣以義退 +,亦能美而無害。霸者,制士以權,結士以信,使士以賞。信衰則士疏,賞虧 +則士不用命。 + +軍勢曰:「出軍行師,將在自專,進退內御,則功難成。」軍勢曰:「使智, +使勇,使貪,使愚。智者樂立其功,勇者好行其志,貪者邀趨其利,愚者不顧 +其死。因其至情而用之,此軍之微權也。」軍勢曰:「無使辯士談說敵美,為 +其惑眾。勿使仁者主財,為其多施而附于下。」軍勢曰:「禁巫祝,不得為吏 +士卜問軍之吉兇。」軍勢曰:「使義士,不以財。故義者,不為不仁者死;智 +者,不為闇主謀。」 + +主不可以無德,無德則臣叛;不可以無威,無威則失權。臣不可以無德,無德 +則無以事君;不可以無威,無威則國弱,威多則身蹶。故聖王御世,觀盛衰, +度得失,而為之制。故諸侯二師,方伯三師,天子六師。世亂則叛逆生,王澤 +竭則盟誓相誅伐。德同勢敵,無以相傾,乃攬英雄之心,與眾同好惡,然後加 +之以權變。故非計策,無以決嫌定疑;非譎奇,無以破姦息寇;非陰謀,無以 +成功。 + + +聖人體天,賢人法地,智者師古。是故,《三略》為衰世作。〈上略〉設禮賞 +,別姦雄,著成敗;〈中略〉差德行,審權變;〈下略〉陳道德,察安危,明 +賊賢之咎。故人主深曉〈上略〉,則能任賢擒敵;深曉〈中略〉,則能御將統 +眾;深曉〈下略〉,則能明盛衰之源,審治國之紀。 + + +人臣深曉〈中略〉,則能全功保身。夫高鳥死,良弓藏;敵國滅,謀臣亡。亡 +者,非喪其身也。謂奪其威,廢其權也。封之于朝,極人臣之位,以顯其功。 +中州善國,以富其家;美色珍玩,以悅其心。夫人眾一合,而不可卒離;威權 +一與,而不可卒移。還師罷軍,存亡之階。故弱之以位,奪之以國,是謂霸者 +之略。故霸者之作,其論駁也。存社稷、羅英雄者,〈中略〉之勢也,故世主 +秘焉。 + + + + +〈下略〉 + +夫能扶天下之危者,則據天下之安;能除天下之憂者,則享天下之樂;能救天 +下之禍者,則獲天下之福。故澤及于民,則賢人歸之;澤及昆蟲,則聖人歸之 +。賢人所歸,則其國強;聖人所歸,則六合同。求賢以德,致聖以道。賢去, +則國微;聖去,則國乖。微者,危之階;乖者,亡之徵。 + +賢人之政,降人以體;聖人之政,降人以心。體降可以圖始,心降可以保終。 +降體以禮,降心以樂。所謂樂者,非金、石、絲、竹也。謂人樂其家,謂人樂 +其族,謂人樂其業,謂人樂其都邑,謂人樂其政令,謂人樂其道德。如此君人 +者,乃作樂以節之,使不失其和。故有德之君,以樂樂人;無德之君,以樂樂 +身。樂人者,久而長;樂身者,不久而亡。 + +釋近謀遠者,勞而無功;釋遠謀近者,佚而有終。佚政多忠臣,勞政多怨民。 +故曰:務廣地者,荒;務廣德者,強;能有其有者,安;貪人之有者,殘。殘 +滅之政,累世受患;造作過制,雖成必敗。舍己而教人者,逆;正己而化人者 +,順。逆者,亂之招;順者,治之要。 + +道、德、仁、義、禮,五者一體也。道者,人之所蹈;德者,人之所得;仁者 +,人之所親;義者,人之所宜;禮者,人之所體。不可無一焉。故夙興夜寐, +禮之制也;討賊報讎,義之決也;惻隱之心,仁之發也;得己得人,德之路也 +;使人均平,不失其所,道之化也。 + +出君下臣,名曰命;施于竹帛,名曰令;奉而行之,名曰政。夫命失,則令不 +行;令不行,則政不正;政不正,則道不通;道不通,則邪臣勝;邪臣勝,則 +主威傷。千里迎賢,其路遠;至不肖,其路近。是以明王捨近而取遠,故能全 +功尚人,而下盡力。 + +廢一善,則眾善衰;賞一惡,則眾惡歸。善者得其祐,惡者受其誅,則國安而 +眾善至。 + +眾疑,無定國;眾惑,無治民。疑定惑還,國乃可安。 + +一令逆則百令失,一惡施則百惡結。故善施于順民,惡加于兇民,則令行而無 +怨。使怨治怨,是謂逆天;使讎治讎,其禍不救。治民使平,致平以清,則民 +得其所,而天下寧。 + +犯上者尊,貪鄙者富,雖有聖王,不能致其治;犯上者誅,貪鄙者拘,則化行 +而罪惡消。清白之士,不可以爵祿得;節義之士,不可以威刑脅。故明君求賢 +,必觀其所以而致焉。致清白之士,修其禮;致節義之士,修其道。而後士可 +致,而名可保。 + +夫聖人君子,明盛衰之源,通成敗之端,審治亂之機,知去就之節;雖窮不處 +亡國之位,雖貧不食亂邦之祿。潛名抱道者,時至而動,則極人臣之位。德合 +于己,則建殊絕之功。故其道高,而名揚于後世。 + +聖王之用兵,非樂之也,將以誅暴討亂也。夫以義誅不義,若決江河而溉爝火 +,臨不測而擠欲墜,其克必矣。所以優游恬淡而不進者,重傷人物也。夫兵者 +,不祥之器,天道惡之,不得已而用之,是天道也。夫人之在道,若魚之在水 +,得水而生,失水而死。故君子者常畏懼而不敢失道。 + +豪傑秉職,國威乃弱;殺生在豪傑,國勢乃竭。豪傑低首,國乃可久;殺生在 +君,國乃可安。四民用虛,國乃無儲;四民用足,國乃安樂。 賢臣內,則邪 +臣外;邪臣內,則賢臣斃。內外失宜,禍亂傳世。 + +大臣疑主,眾姦集聚;臣當君尊,上下乃昏;君當臣處,上下失序。 + +傷賢者,殃及三世;蔽賢者,身受其害;嫉賢者,其名不全;進賢者,福流子 +孫。故君子急于進賢,而美名彰焉。 + +利一害百,民去城郭;利一害萬,國乃思散。去一利百,人乃慕澤;去一利萬 +,政乃不亂。 + + + + + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of San Lve (Three Tactics of Huang Shi +Gong), by Huang Shi Gong + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LAN LVE (THREE TACTICS) *** + +***** This file should be named 7218-0.txt or 7218-0.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/7/2/1/7218/ + +Produced by Wan Ting Gong + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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