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diff --git a/old/69910-0.txt b/old/69910-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 2a1f552..0000000 --- a/old/69910-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1342 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of The cranberry, by Anonymous - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: The cranberry - -Author: Anonymous - -Contributor: Bradley Fertilizer Company - -Release Date: January 30, 2023 [eBook #69910] - -Language: English - -Produced by: Charlene Taylor, Bob Taylor and the Online Distributed - Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was - produced from images generously made available by The - Internet Archive/American Libraries.) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE CRANBERRY *** - - - - - - Transcriber’s Note - Italic text displayed as: _italic_ - - - - - Bradley’s Standard Fertilizers - - FOR ALL CROPS. - -[Illustration: small flower] - - Bradley’s Superphosphate. - Bradley’s Potato Manure. - BD Sea-Fowl Guano. - Farmer’s New Method Fertilizer. - Bradley’s Complete Manure for Vegetables. - Bradley’s Complete Manure for Grain. - Bradley’s Complete Manure for Grass. - Bradley’s High Grade Tobacco Manure. - Bradley’s Ground Bone and Potash. - Bradley’s Fruit and Vine Fertilizer. - English Lawn Fertilizer. - Pure Fine Ground Bone and Bone Meal, Etc. - -[Illustration: small flower] - - - _BRADLEY FERTILIZER COMPANY’S PUBLICATIONS._ - - BRADLEY’S AMERICAN FARMER, Illustrated. A concise treatise on - growing all farm crops. - - TOBACCO, Illustrated. How to grow, cure and market cigar wrapper - tobacco. - - BRADLEY’S FLORIDA BOOK, Illustrated. A treatise on growing Florida - crops, and a description of our fertilizers prepared especially for - that trade. - - THE LAWN AND GARDEN. Hints on how to secure and keep a beautiful - lawn and a flourishing garden. - - THE CRANBERRY, Illustrated. Suggestions as to the preparation of - bogs and selection of berries, modes of cultivation, picking, - shipping, &c. - - Any of the above publications sent free upon request to - - - Bradley Fertilizer Company, Boston, Mass. - Branch Offices: Rochester, N. Y. Augusta, Ga. - - - - - The Cranberry - - _PUBLISHED BY_ - BRADLEY FERTILIZER CO. - BOSTON - -[Illustration: PICKING CRANBERRIES ON THE OLD COLONY CO.’S CRANBERRY -BOG AT SOUTH YARMOUTH, MASS.] - - WEST DENNIS, Mass., Oct. 19, 1891. - - Having had the superintendency of preparing and setting to vines - what is called the “Old Colony cranberry bog,” which contains - about 25 acres, I have had occasion to use the different kinds of - commercial fertilizers sold on the market, and of them all I now - use the Bradley. - - It has proved a great help in starting our new vines, giving them a - vigorous growth and bringing the bog into bearing much earlier than - would have been the case had Bradley’s fertilizer not been applied. - - We think very highly of your fertilizer, and recommend its use - by cranberry-growers generally. The photograph you have of our - cranberry bog will give some idea of what we are doing. - - REUBEN BAKER, _Sup’t._ - R. A. BAKER, _Treas._ - - - _Copyrighted by Bradley Fertiliser Co., 1892._ - - - - - The Cranberry. - - -This book is not intended to be a scientific or elaborate treatise -upon the Cranberry, but rather a book of practical suggestions, and -a summary of helpful hints that may prove of benefit to those who -undertake to grow this fruit. - -The methods of growing Cranberries vary with localities and growers, -and are undoubtedly in an experimental state at the present time. The -original Cranberry grower was the owner of some wild and uncultivated -patch where, in a natural condition, the berries (receiving no -attention until picking time) were gathered “at halves,” meeting -little or no market beyond the limits of the locality in which they -grew. - -The modern grower has found the application of improved methods of -cultivation and fertilization to pay liberally with the Cranberry, -as with every other crop, and it should be his endeavor, through all -available methods, to reduce the cost of growing and increase the -yield of berries per acre, giving special attention to such culture -as may the better secure the _keeping quality_ of the fruit. - -In order to do this, the grower may have to lay aside his -preconceived notions as to the best methods of growing and -fertilization, and possibly even discard some which have in years -past been approved by leading growers. By a careful selection of -varieties best adapted to each particular locality, or frequently -by a larger increase in the depth of sand upon the bog, and then by -the greatest care in all that pertains to the picking and packing -of the fruit, he will be enabled to maintain for the Cape berries a -foremost reputation as “keepers” among those who handle this valuable -crop. Too little attention has heretofore been paid to this essential -feature, and quantity rather than quality has been sought. When -secured, the berries, as a general thing, are hurriedly packed at the -bog, usually warm from the vines, and so, oft-times, they are almost -ruined before reaching a market. This practice is largely responsible -for the prejudice of some dealers against Cape berries. - -Again, improved methods of cultivation by which an increased -production, with improved quality, may be secured, are certainly -desirable to every individual grower; though the present enormous -crop would hardly seem to warrant a larger acreage, yet, at the same -time, it behooves every grower to make as productive as possible (in -view of the great expenditure) each acre already under cultivation. - -The matter here presented is the result of thorough investigation -into the methods of cultivation as practised by the most successful -growers, and we believe it presents facts to the grower which will -prove well worthy of his careful attention. - - BRADLEY FERTILIZER CO. - - - - - THE BOG. - - -It is popularly supposed that the Cranberry flourishes upon Cape -Cod because of the salt sea sand of which the Cape is so largely -composed. This theory, however, is erroneous, as it has been proved -that even on Cape Cod the Cranberry will not flourish except under -certain other favorable conditions. - -The first inquiry, then, is, What kind of land is preferable for a -bog? The best growers select a laurel, maple, or cedar swamp, so -situated that it can be easily flowed with water at any time when -this may seem necessary. They select a swamp in preference to a -meadow, because it is found in practice that a meadow always produces -considerable coarse grass detrimental to the crop, which does not -grow in the swamps. - -Again, it is proved that a swamp on which wood has grown has a better -bottom than the average meadow, as it is largely composed of decayed -foliage, which has for many years dropped from the trees, and has -gradually become a rich, friable soil, usually free from either weeds -or grass. - -Some growers believe that it is not essential to have the bog so -situated that it can be covered by water; but, while there are some -very fine dry Cranberry bogs of this description, if an early frost -or the fire-worm strikes the crop at a vital time, it causes an -entire failure, which could have been prevented had there been a -chance of promptly flowing the bog. - - - - - HOW TO PREPARE A BOG. - - -The Cranberry bog is usually prepared in late fall, winter, or early -spring, when the ground is partially frozen, as it is more easily -cleared at this time, and cheaper labor is obtainable. - -The first step in preparing the bog is to mow off, with a bush -scythe, all the small brush and undergrowth. We are then ready to -get rid of the trees. Experience has proved that the cheaper way is -to cut the roots of the large trees, and then by means of tackle, -in case they do not fall by their own weight, pull them over to the -ground. This saves many days’ labor, which would be necessary if the -trees were cut down above the ground and the stumps then dug out. - -The refuse materials should be gathered into heaps, and, when dried, -burned upon the bog; but great care is necessary in burning not to -allow the moss and turf, of which the bog is composed, to get on -fire; for when once fairly started, it is nearly impossible, except -by flowing the bog, to extinguish the flames. - -These first steps in clearing the bog must be done in the best -possible manner, preferably by day labor, under the direct care of -a watchful foreman, as the ultimate success of the Cranberry bog -depends very largely upon the thoroughness with which all of the tree -and bush roots are removed. - -After the surface of the bog has been thoroughly cleaned off, it -is cut into squares, about eighteen inches across, by means of a -turf-axe, which is a thin, hatchet-shaped bladed implement, with a -stout, hickory handle, about thirty inches long. This axe is utilized -for cutting the tough, undergrowing roots, sure to be found just -below the surface of the soil. - -The usual method is to cut across the bog in parallel lines eighteen -inches apart, and again at right angles in parallel lines in the same -manner, thus leaving the turf in square blocks about eighteen inches -square. Two men with long-handled, four-pronged bog-hooks follow -the cutters, pulling over the turf, which, after the ditching is -finished, should be chopped up, and so rendered suitable for making -the surface as smooth as possible, when the work of final grading is -completed. - -We are now ready for ditching; the manner and methods necessary to -secure the best possible drainage being subject, of course, to such -varied conditions as to render it difficult to describe. But if there -were but three essential features of special importance, two of them -would be drainage. - -All of the ditches should be dug with flaring banks, so as to prevent -caving in of the sides of the ditch, and thus making constant -trouble. A ditch, in any case, around the entire bog is an essential -feature in drainage, and to carry-off the cold surface water, as well -as a preventive of much difficulty in cultivation, etc. - -If the ditches are thoroughly well made they will need but little -repairing or cleaning, and here as elsewhere in preparing the bog the -most careful attention on the part of the superintendent will prove -the cheapest in the end. - -After the ditches are completed, the bog must be graded until it is -as smooth and level as a lawn. In grading the bog the levels must -be run in such a manner that it can be easily flooded with water, -since sometimes it may be desirable to do this as expeditiously -as possible, and the necessary arrangements to do this should be -provided at this time. - - * * * * * - - NORTH HARWICH, MASS., Oct. 19, 1891. - - I have been in the habit of using Bradley’s Fertilizer on my - cranberry bogs for a number of years, and consider it very - beneficial. It pushes the new vines along to a bearing condition - much earlier than would be the case if left to depend on the - natural strength of the soil, and by covering the ground quicker - with vines the grass and brush are not so likely to get a start. - - It also does well on old vines, increasing the crop, and the size - and quality of the berry. Last spring, to my sorrow, I neglected to - apply this phosphate to my old bog, and on gathering my crop this - fall I found I had made a great mistake. Shall use it another year, - without fail. - - BENJ. F. HALL. - - * * * * * - - HARWICHPORT, MASS., Oct. 19, 1891. - - I have used Bradley’s Fertilizer for growing cranberries, and find - it very beneficial. New vines come to bearing one year earlier by - its use, and grass and weeds are crowded out, and do not get the - foothold they are apt to where vines grow slowly, and are a long - while covering the ground. - - Cranberry growers in this section are finding it greatly to their - interest to use Bradley’s Fertilizer on their bogs, both new and - old. - - About the 1st of June, 1891, I put on 100 pounds of Bradley’s - Fertilizer on about 60 rods of late vines, set out 20 years ago. On - the other side of the ditch were 60 rods of vines, the same age, - both done by the same man; in other words, the same conditions - exactly, except the Fertilizer. This year I gathered both pieces. - The piece to which I applied 100 pounds of Fertilizer yielded 8 - barrels of cranberries, the other, barely 1 barrel. - - E. B. ALLEN. - - - - - THE DAM. - - -A dam must be built at the lower end of the bog, in such a manner -as seems necessary from the location and force of the water running -through the main ditch. If the main ditch is a brook which carries -a large amount of surplus water, the dam must be very strongly and -thoroughly built; but if, on the other hand, it is simply a ditch -filled by springs or small brooks found in the bog, a simple dam can -be thrown up at slight cost; although care must be taken to make -it strong enough, so that the high water in winter or spring will -not carry it away and leave the vines unprotected from the frost. -If the bog is of large size, and a large amount of water is needed, -of course a larger and more substantial dam must be built. The -accompanying illustration gives a section of a turf dam, preferably -about fifteen feet wide at the bottom by ten feet at the top, -constructed of turf, and sand or clay, in such a manner as to be -absolutely safe. - -It will be seen that the walls slope from the foundation to the top, -and are composed outside of layers of turf, so laid one upon the -other that the joints are broken and a solid wall is made, between -which is filled in a mass of stone, clay, and sand, thoroughly tamped -down so as to make a firm structure in the centre of the dam. At the -end of the main ditch should be constructed a water-course or flume, -preferably of two-inch plank, with a waste-gate that can be raised or -lowered as the supply of water may be needed or allowed to run to -waste. This is simply made of plank, with an oak joist for a lever, -which, used as a pry, easily opens the gate. - - - - - THE SANDING. - - -The sand used on a Cranberry bog should be absolutely free from -either clay or loam, for if it contain either it will, in the one -case, under the action of sun and water, form a hard surface in which -the vines will not thrive, or in the other, if there is much loam -intermixed, it will contain weed seeds, which will prove a detriment -to the bog. Sand can generally be found in the immediate vicinity of -the bog, and should preferably be coarse rather than fine in quality. - -To spread the sand over the bog, lay down a course of plank, over -which the sand can be wheeled in barrows and so dumped, from this -plank-walk, as to make the level spreading thereof a matter of little -labor; shift the plank about four feet from that portion already -covered, and dump to right and left as before; enough should be -brought on to give an even coating of from four to five inches, and -it may be smoothed by a lawn rake, or a leveller made of one-inch -board, about a foot and a half long, by three or four inches wide, -with a rake handle fastened in the centre of the board. - -When the sand has been evenly spread over the bog, it is ready to -be marked off. This is generally done by using an improvised rake -or “marker,” made of a piece of 2 by 4 inch joist, seven to ten feet -long, with white-oak teeth eight inches long, set eighteen inches -apart, the whole finished with a handle for easy working. This rake -is usually run parallel with some straight ditch, or along one side -of a bog in a straight line, so that when set in vines it may present -a uniform appearance. But as, in the case of corn, “more grows in -crooked rows than straight ones,” this may be left to taste and -convenience; again cross-marking at right angles, and you are ready -for setting the vines. - - * * * * * - - NEWPORT, R.I., Oct. 26, 1891. - - I have used Bradley’s Fertilizer on my cranberry bog twice, and - find a great improvement in checking the growth of moss, also - in starting the vines. In fact, I think it made the vines grow - too fast, or I may have put on too much. I can recommend it as a - first-class Fertilizer. - - H. B. RYDER, - 17 Harvard Ave. - - * * * * * - - NORTH HARWICH, MASS., Oct. 19, 1891. - - I have used Bradley’s Fertilizer on my cranberry bogs, both old - and new, the past three or four years, with highly satisfactory - results. It adds to the growth of new vines, so that they cover the - ground quicker, and come into bearing one or two years earlier than - they would were there no fertilizer applied. - - On my old vines the effect of this Fertilizer has been to kill out - the moss (burn it up, to appearance), and to so renew the vines as - to give them the look of a young bog. - - JOHN E. RYDER. - - -[Illustration: VIEW OF CRANBERRY BOG OWNED BY CAPT. E. K. CROWELL, -DENNISPORT.] - - DENNISPORT, Mar. 2, 1892. - - I have used Bradley’s Fertilizers for a number of years on - cranberry vines, both old and new, with good and satisfactory - results. The fruit will generally be larger and fairer where it - is used, and used on young vines will cause them to spread and - shade the ground, thus preventing as large a growth of weeds. I - cheerfully recommend it to all cranberry growers. - - The foreground shows vines set in the spring of 1890; the - background on the right new bearing bog, and on the left, a small - showing of vines set in spring of 1891. - - E. K. CROWELL. - - - - - THE BEST BERRY. - - -There is a wide division of opinion in regard to what is the best -berry to grow; the shrewdest growers find that a selection of -berries, running from the very early to the very late berry, gives -the best returns when a series of years is taken into account. - -By common consent the purple-black berry, called “Early Black,” has -been the favorite with both growers and consumers, as its handsome, -rich coloring made it a good seller, while it is also a very prolific -berry. It is a medium-hard berry, and for bogs which are liable to be -infested with the fire, fruit, or span worm it seems preferable, as -the bog can be kept under water until as late as the first or middle -of June, and these berries will then, in an average season, ripen -before frost. It is, however, pretty well conceded by many growers -that this berry has been of great injury to the business as a whole, -since it is one of the poorest of keepers, and, while affording -profit for the time to the grower, has been of such loss to the -“middleman,” as to render him unduly cautious of Cape Cod berries. -This reputation which has attached itself to the Cape crop is wholly -unwarranted by a careful and intelligent investigation of the many -and various conditions which govern this, the most important feature -of the whole business. - -The “A. D. Makepeace” berry is the outcome of a berry found by -its namesake, the largest grower in this country, and gradually -cultivated until it is conceded to be the largest early berry in the -market, and as such commands a high price. It is of cherry shape, and -rose-tinged purple in coloring. Illustration No. 1 is a fair example -of the shape of this berry. - -The “James Anthony” is a very good variety of the second early -berries, and by some considered among the best keepers of the -medium-early berries. - -The “Bachelor” is a larger berry, and, like the “J. P. Howes,” proves -to be a fair keeper and a salable berry, although the Howes is more -even and regular in size. - -The “McFarland” is a dark-red, handsome berry, of large size, and a -favorite with a few large growers. - -The “Bugle” or “Chipman” is an older berry, and one of the best -keepers, but not as productive as some others. - -The six varieties mentioned are the most popular grown. Some others -may have a local reputation, which time and attention will bring into -favorable notice. Local conditions have much to do, however, with -qualities in all cases. - - * * * * * - - HARWICHPORT, MASS., Oct. 20, 1891. - - I have used Bradley’s Fertilizer for a number of years on - cranberries, both on newly set vines and old vines. I apply it - broadcast, and I find it pays well. I can recommend it to be a good - investment, causing more and larger fruit. - - WATSON B. KELLEY. - - - - - THE PLANTING. - - -The Cranberry is propagated, through the means of vines which are -procured from old bogs; they are cut or mowed off, preferably from -vines not more than three or four years old. In sorting these -cuttings, care should be taken to remove all the dead wood, and only -the bright, clean cuttings used for planting. Most growers estimate -five barrels of cuttings to the acre of bog, as they use from four -to six cuttings in each setting. Some growers prefer taking runners -twenty to thirty inches in length, and doubling them over at time of -planting; but the former seems to be the generally adopted method. - -The usual method of planting is by using a “dibble,” or -setting-blade, made from hard wood, although one of the shrewdest -growers has recently adopted an implement consisting of an iron -blade, with a cross-piece handle of wood. He claims that this is -far preferable to any wooden instrument, and always readily presses -through the sand, although it is not sharp enough to cut the vines. - -In planting, a bunch of four or six runners is placed upon the sand -at every intersecting corner. This bunch is held in the left hand of -the planter, while with his right hand he presses them into the sand -by means of the “dibble,” so that they will reach through to the soil -beneath, and when planted will not come above the surface more than -two inches. The accompanying sketch shows the method of planting. - -[Illustration: - - A A is the main ditch encircling the bog. - B B is the central ditch. - C C are the cross-ditches draining into main and central ditches. - D D are the lines made by the marker. - E E show points at which plants are set. -] - -About two weeks after the cuttings are set, a small handful of -Bradley’s Superphosphate should be scattered around each bunch of -cuttings, as this will cause them to grow with great vigor, and so -stimulate their growth that few if any of the cuttings will die; -sometimes not one in a hundred will fail to make a flourishing set. -It is a little more work, but advisable, to put the fertilizer in the -hill, just under the sand. - -Some growers prefer, after the bog is planted, to keep the ground -wet by damming back the water to within six or eight inches of -the surface of the bog, and keeping it here until the vines give -signs of having made some growth. The water is then let out of the -ditches, and the vines take care of themselves through the ensuing -season, unless it happens to be a particularly dry summer. If so, -once or twice, through the dryest of the season, the water should -be dammed back for a few days, and the vines receive the benefit -of the irrigation. They will not need any further care during the -first season, unless there is a growth of weeds, which should be -effectually destroyed. - -A cleanly, well-kept bog is not only a beautiful sight, but is the -foundation for large returns in the future; it requires no little -care, during the first year or two, on the best of bogs to secure the -proper money return, in order that the unavoidable outlay heretofore -outlined may be rendered remunerative. Four hundred dollars per acre -is no unusual amount to be expended in preparing a bog. - - - - - FERTILIZATION. - - -Until within a few years the Cranberry bog has had to depend upon its -own resources for fertilization, as it was popularly supposed that a -bog contained all the necessary nutriment to feed the growing crop. -Careful investigation by the most successful growers has led them to -believe that, in common with every other farm crop, a larger crop of -finer quality of fruit can be grown per acre, if a good commercial -fertilizer is used upon the Cranberry. They therefore commence with -the plant when set out, and scatter a small quantity of fertilizer -around each plant in setting, as we have before suggested on page 17; -and each year thereafter they sow broadcast over the bog from 200 to -400 pounds of Bradley’s Superphosphate to the acre. The result is -that a larger crop of richer-colored berries is secured, which will -more successfully withstand handling and shipping. The vines are also -so stimulated that the crop ripens much earlier, and very often a -saving of hundreds of dollars will be made, through the grower being -able to gather the berries early in the season, before the frost -comes. - -On old bogs, which are partially run out, the influence of a liberal -dressing of Bradley’s Superphosphate is very marked, as it gives the -vines a fresh supply of needed food, and brings ample returns the -first season in largely increased crops of berries. - -So marked is this effect, that if any one having a Cranberry bog will -fertilize a small section of it for one season, at the rate of 200 -to 400 pounds of Bradley’s Phosphate to the acre, he will always use -this fertilizer thereafter, as the results will readily prove that it -will pay him liberally to do so. - -Another reason for fertilization is, that, through a liberal use of -Bradley’s Superphosphate, the young plants attain that sturdy growth -which enables them to withstand more successfully the attacks of the -fire, fruit, and span worm, which flourish best upon weak plants. - -The common theory that a fertilizer is simply a stimulant, whose -influence is of no permanent benefit, has been proved to be erroneous -by the experiments of some of the largest growers, who, after having -used Bradley’s Superphosphate, find that not only have they grown -enormous crops of the best quality berries, but their bogs are -annually in a better condition than their neighbors’ bogs which have -not been fertilized, and from which only small or average crops of -berries have been secured. - -By common consent, therefore, the leading growers are large users of -Bradley’s Superphosphate, as they are convinced that its liberal use -upon their bogs is repaid to them every season in increased crops of -perfect fruit which commands the highest market price. - - * * * * * - - SOUTH YARMOUTH, MASS., Oct. 22, 1891. - - I have used the Bradley Fertilizer on newly set cranberry vines, - and find it causes them to grow and spread more rapidly over a new - bog. - - JAMES F. SEARS. - - - - - CRANBERRY ENEMIES. - - -One of the greatest enemies to successful Cranberry growing is one -that can be easily conquered, but which is oftenest neglected; that -is, the weeds and small bushes when they first appear. It is a -comparatively easy matter under the more favorable conditions, during -the three years before the bog comes to full bearing, to go over it -once or twice during each season with a hoe, and clean out every weed -and bush, no matter how small and insignificant it make look. But -the grower often thinks that this is unnecessary labor, especially -as he has put considerable money into the bog, and as yet has had -no returns from his investment. If this work is neglected now, when -the bog comes to fruiting there will be found, especially among the -plants, quite an amount of injurious weeds and small bushes which -increase rapidly from year to year, and finally kill out the bog. But -if during the first three years they are steadily and systematically -cut down, they become so thoroughly eradicated that a little going -over the bog every spring will keep it in good condition for ten or -fifteen years, with little trouble from either weeds or bushes. - -The cultivation of the Cranberry, ever since it has been -cultivated for a crop, has been a practical exemplification of -the advice of that eminent agriculturist, Horace Greeley, who, -for the extermination of the Canadian thistle, recommended its -“cultivation,” as then there would come plenty of enemies to -accomplish its destruction. - -The fire, span, tip, and fruit worms rank in the order named as the -most destructive,--the first two in the list blasting in a few hours -an almost assured and abundant crop. - -The larger growers, after experimenting with perhaps all of the -known insecticides, have most generally adopted some form of tobacco -preparation, applied in solution in the form of a spray, upon the -first indication of the approach of the fire-worm. - -So extensive is the use of tobacco, that one grower, Mr. Franklin -Crocker, of Hyannis, treasurer of the South Sea Cranberry Company, -who has probably given as much attention as any other grower to this -branch of the business, informs us that for himself and others he -purchased, in its various forms, over five thousand dollars’ worth -of tobacco during the past two years, for this purpose. Mr. Crocker -tells of his experience with tobacco in his letter on page 3 of cover. - -Many growers (not all) are able to resort to “Spring Flowage” as an -effective and cheap remedy for fire-worms. That this is effective -there can be no question, but in its application for destroying -the worm it is injurious to the keeping quality of the fruit when -gathered. - - - - - THE HARVEST. - - -The picking of berries commences about the first of September. They -should be picked as soon as the greater part have put on a good, fair -color. The great mistake in the past has been in allowing the berries -to become over size. The trade has demanded _dark_ berries, which -made the Early Blacks so popular; but all that was gained in _color_ -was at the sacrifice of the keeping quality, to the injury of the -grower and dealer. - -This is becoming so well recognized that “pick early” comes with -the greater emphasis from all the larger dealers, who, by sad -experiences, have become more interested in this particular feature -than the grower, who, gathering his harvest of beautiful fruit, has -also immediately gathered in the skekels, recognizing that “the best -time to sell is right off the bog.” Thus has he “Sown to the Wind;” -and while disaster has been delayed, its coming is manifest in the -experience of the past season, when in some cases the crop has not -paid expenses. - -An old receipt, “How to cook a hare,” began, “First catch the -hare.” We have endeavored to tell you how to get the crop; and now, -supposing you have this, we will give you an idea of how it is -gathered, so far as may be of interest to the uninitiated: Lines are -drawn across the bog, from eight to twenty feet apart, as a guide -for keeping in place those pickers who incline otherwise to the -right or left, as “spots” thick or thin allure or repel them in their -eagerness “to fill the measure.” Then, placing as many pickers within -the lines as can have sufficient “elbow room,” picking length-wise, -they proceed to pick. - -An overseer is needed for every twenty-five pickers, to see that the -work is properly done, each in his or her own place, and that all are -picking clean from the vines, and from the “bottom;” that is, picking -from the ground all scattering berries. - -Measures holding six quarts are the most convenient size, and the -usual price is ten cents per measure, each picker using generally -two measures and so saving time, as the berries must be carried to -the “Tally.” The pickers are all known by numbers, and as they go to -empty their measure they report “Number (5),” one or two measures, -as the case may be, the Tally repeating each number and tally, as a -precaution against mistakes. - -On some bogs checks are given thus: “Good for ten cents, South Sea -Co., F. Crocker, Hyannis, Treas.;” and such checks are current coin -during “Cranberry time” for supplies at the stores. - -Again, others provide themselves with a large amount of dimes, and so -“pay off” as each measure is delivered. Berries, after being picked, -should be put in slatted boxes holding about one bushel each, as -being the most convenient size to handle, and then put away for at -least twenty-four hours to cool off, as prevention against the almost -immediate process of decay if this is not done. - - - - - BARRELLING. - - -After being thoroughly cooled they are put in screens about ten feet -long, three feet wide at the upper end, and six to eight inches -at the lower end, from which, under the careful eye of an expert -“screener,” they are “run” into a barrel set ready to receive them. - -Four or five screeners about each screen remove all trash and unsound -berries, and sometimes the light-colored ones, which are held to -“color up,” or packed separately and marked “Light.” As the barrels -are being filled, they should be thoroughly shaken, at least three -times; then, when the uninitiated packer thinks he has got the barrel -full enough, it needs from four to six quarts more, when, with a -screw, press the berries firmly down into the barrel. The barrels now -properly headed and nailed, carry the berries in shape to command the -highest price for which their grade may warrant. It _pays_ to pack -the fruit as _solid_ as possible, since, whether sound or otherwise, -a full barrel will _sell_ when one lacking one inch or more of -berries will command little attention. - - * * * * * - - WEST HARWICH, MASS., Oct. 19, 1891. - - In the spring of 1890 I bought an acre of cranberry bog that had - been set about 30 years, and was so run down as to bear only about - 10 barrels per year. I immediately applied 400 pounds of Bradley’s - Fertilizer, and received the first year a crop of 22 barrels. - - Last spring I applied 600 pounds of same Fertilizer, and have - just gathered 40 barrels of nice berries, making an increase of - 30 barrels a year on one acre by the use of Bradley’s Fertilizer, - equal to 300 per cent. gain. - - Besides all this improvement in the crop, the Fertilizer has had - the effect to renew the vines to such an extent as to give them - the appearance of a new bog, while the moss, which was quite - troublesome, has been wholly killed out. It is surprising to see - how quick moss will begin to disappear where Bradley’s Fertilizer - has been applied. - - W. P. BAKER. - - - - - THE 1891 CROP IN THE NEW ENGLAND STATES. - - -The following comparative statement of the 1891 crop of Cranberries -on Dec. 1, 1891, in the New England States, was compiled by Charles -H. Nye, Esq., Superintendent Cape Cod Division, Old Colony Railroad, -and allowing that 9,000 bushels may have been grown in Rhode Island -and Connecticut, would make the 1891 crop about or quite 480,000 -bushels. - - ============================+===============+======================== - | 1890. | 1891. | - STATIONS SHIPPED FROM. +--------+------+--------+------+ TO BE - |BARRELS.|BOXES.|BARRELS.|BOXES.|SHIPPED. - ----------------------------+--------+------+--------+------+-------- - Rock | 1,879 | 993| 3,420 | 296| - South Middleboro | 74 | 14| 248 | 14| - Tremont | 16,840 | 2,640| 23,986 | 2,486| 200 - Marion | 440 | 310| 441 | 361| - Mattapoisett | 175 | 63| 215 | 688| - South Wareham | 416 | 90| 516 | 269| - Wareham | 14,919 | 4,870| 18,125 | 4,743| - East Wareham | 2,223 | 203| | | - Onset Junction | | | 3,412 | 156| 300 - Buzzard’s Bay | 33 | 127| 223 | 130| - Monument Beach | 229 | 147| 550 | 18| - Wenaumet | 37 | 31| 103 | 97| - Cataumet | 1690 | 498| 323 | 381| - North Falmouth | 655 | 711| 753 | 1,459| - West Falmouth | 164 | 11| 90 | 15| - Falmouth | 1,997 | 872| 4,085 | 3,281| 400 - Woods Holl | 182 | | | | - Bourne | 859 | 83| 1,606 | 415| - Bournedale | 1,512 | 738| 1,160 | 654| - Sagamore | 3,108 | 1,343| 4,589 | 971| - Sandwich | 2,626 | 2,925| 6,003 | 2,700| 1,000 - West Barnstable | 8,081 | 1,804| 12,599 | 2,174| - Barnstable | 399 | 9| 383 | 14| - Yarmouth | 2,943 | 990| 5,373 | 673| 200 - Hyannis | 1,754 | 589| 2,270 | 810| 1,000 - South Yarmouth | 1,890 | 525| 4,712 | 503| - South Dennis | 2,434 | 754| 5,780 | 787| - North Harwich | 2,073 | 770| 3,945 | 1,257| 250 - Harwich | 4,847 | 3,160| 10,996 | 3,059| - South Harwich | 613 | 181| 802 | 702| - South Chatham | 160 | 80| 382 | 139| - Chatham | 498 | 241| 649 | 277| - Pleasant Lake | 1,244 | 1,031| 1,369 | 1,210| - Brewster | 2,440 | 457| 2,959 | 585| - Orleans | 568 | 165| 1,218 | 164| - Eastham | 104 | 36| 137 | 132| 50 - North Eastham | 10 | 12| 36 | 36| - South Wellfleet | 10 | 2| 26 | | - Wellfleet | 80 | 55| 67 | 20| - South Truro | 45 | 45| 27 | 20| - Truro | | | 88 | | - North Truro | | | 8 | | - Provincetown | 146 | 61| 57 | 5| - ----------------------------+--------+------+--------+------+-------- - Total shipments, barrels | 79,006 |27,646|123,737 |31,761| 3,400 - Boxes reduced to barrels | 9,215 | | 10,587 | | - ----------------------------+--------+------+--------+------+-------- - Total number barrels | 88,221 | |134,324 | | - To be shipped | 1,665 | | 3,400 | | - ----------------------------+--------+------+--------+------+-------- - Total, Cape Cod Division| 89,886 | |137,724 | | - ============================+========+======+========+======+======== - - - CENTRAL DIVISION, OLD COLONY RAILROAD. - - ========================+======+======================== - | 1890.| 1891. | - STATIONS SHIPPED FROM. +------+--------+------+ TOTAL - |BOXES.|BARRELS.|BOXES.|BARRELS. - ------------------------+------+--------+------+-------- - Plymouth |11,232| 11,194 | 980| 11,521 - Plympton | 1,418| 1,964 | 589| 2,160 - South Hanson | 660| 665 | 16| 670 - Middleboro’ | | 2,045 | 1,038| 2,391 - North Easton | | 300 | | 300 - Taunton | 240| 232 | | 232 - Mansfield | | 182 | | 182 - Attleboro’ | 240| 528 | | 528 - ------------------------+------+--------+------+-------- - Central Division | | | | 17,984 - Martha’s Vineyard | | | | 1,308 - ------------------------+------+--------+------+-------- - Total number barrels | | | | 19,292 - Add Cape Cod Division | | | |137,724 - ------------------------+------+--------+------+-------- - Total number barrels| | | |157,016 - Or 471,048 bushels. | | | | - ========================+======+======================== - - - - - THE 1891 CROP OF THE UNITED STATES. - - -Mr. A. J. Rider, Secretary of the American Cranberry Growers’ -Association, estimates the entire crop of Cranberries grown in 1891 -as follows: - - New England 480,000 bush. - New Jersey 250,000 ” - The West 30,000 ” - ------- - Total 760,000 ” - -Showing that the crop for the entire country was short 100,000 -bushels, when compared with the 1890 crop. - - - - - THE FERTILIZER FOR CRANBERRIES. - - -Bradley’s Superphosphate, “the old reliable,” has been successfully -used in the cultivation of Cranberries for many years past. - -It is, as every one knows, the best general fertilizer on the market. -By _practical experience_, and not by fallacious (though plausible) -_theories_, it has demonstrated its entire fitness for growing -the best Cranberries and producing the largest crops. It has been -repeatedly noticed that Cranberries grown on this fertilizer are more -highly colored, harder, and better “keepers” than those raised under -ordinary conditions of cultivation. - -As Bradley’s Phosphate contains the very choicest quality of plant -foods in such forms and proportions as long practical experience has -demonstrated will most fully satisfy the demands of the crop for a -complete and nutritious fertilizer, it wholly meets the requirements -of the Cranberry, as has been abundantly proven by exhaustive tests -on the largest bogs. - -A “Special Fertilizer” for Cranberries, claimed to be “based on their -analysis,” may be taking with some; but this is only an _idea_,--a -_theory_ without _practice_ to support it, an advertising dodge to -catch the uninitiated. The theory of feeding plants on this basis was -exploded long ago both at home and abroad; and while formerly one -manufacturer of “Special Fertilizers” advertised twenty-four special -crop formulas, he now sells but ten, and the analyses of these are -totally different from the original formulas which were represented -as accurate demonstrations of the “discovery,” so called. - -Professor Johnson, Director of the Connecticut Agricultural -Experiment Station, and one of the best authorities on agricultural -chemistry of this country, has said: “_In honest truth, there is no -possibility of compounding special fertilizers adapted to each of -our various crops, nor even to our various classes of crops. Special -manures for particular crops are, in fact, least heard of where -agriculture is guided by the clearest light of science and the widest -range of experience._” - -Professor Atwater, recently Director of the Experiment Stations of -the United States at Washington, has stated: “_There is no best -fertilizer for any crop, and the formulas to fit all cases are out of -the question._” So do not be caught by this _theory_ snare, and pay -four or five dollars a ton extra on your fertilizer for that “idea.” - -Bradley’s Superphosphate has stood the test of nearly thirty years, -and its sales are far greater than that of any other fertilizer on -the market. It is the acknowledged _Standard_, so recognized by -its strongest competitors, whose favorite argument is that their -fertilizer is “equal to Bradley’s.” “There are tricks in all trades,” -but no trick can undermine the stability of an article so universally -recognized as the _standard of excellence_ in its class as Bradley’s -Phosphate. - -The following letter may serve to answer inquiries about -“_Insecticide_.” - - HYANNIS, MASS., Feb. 22, 1892. - - In regard to tobacco as an insecticide, I submit the following: - Tobacco solution is prepared by steeping tobacco stems in warm - water, using from one and a half to two pounds of stems to a gallon - of water, according to strength of stems in the nicotine principle. - So far, the larger growers prefer the stems from the Missouri-river - region, and for this purpose I ordered six car-loads last Saturday - from that section for the use of growers the coming season. - - Of the solution, when prepared, it takes about one gallon to a - square rod, applied in the form of a spray as fine as possible. - For this purpose the “Nixon Pump” is the most effective among the - many that I have ever tested. The application should be made upon - the first appearance of the worms; any delay resulting often in - entire loss of crop, since nothing but flowage will kill the larger - worms. Another and more convenient solution is obtained from Hill’s - Extract of Tobacco--two or three quarts to a barrel of water. This - requires no heating, and may be prepared at a moment’s notice. My - sales last year of this Extract amounted to over eight hundred - gallons. - - Respectfully yours, - FRANKLIN CROCKER. - - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE CRANBERRY *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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