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diff --git a/old/69814-0.txt b/old/69814-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index cde96e5..0000000 --- a/old/69814-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3258 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of Campaign and battle of Lynchburg, Va., -by Charles M. Blackford - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: Campaign and battle of Lynchburg, Va. - -Author: Charles M. Blackford - -Release Date: January 16, 2023 [eBook #69814] - -Language: English - -Produced by: Graeme Mackreth and The Online Distributed Proofreading - Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from - images generously made available by The Internet Archive) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CAMPAIGN AND BATTLE OF -LYNCHBURG, VA. *** - - - -[Illustration: BRIGADIER-GENERAL JOHN McCAUSLAND. - -FROM A PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN IN LYNCHBURG DURING THE WAR.] - - - - - Campaign and Battle - - OF - - Lynchburg, Va. - - - By CHARLES M. BLACKFORD, - - OF THE LYNCHBURG BAR. - - - Delivered by Request of the Garland-Rodes Camp of Confederate - Veterans of Lynchburg, Virginia, - - - JUNE 18th, 1901. - - - - - PRESS OF - J.P. BELL COMPANY, - LYNCHBURG, VA. - - - - -PREFACE. - - -During the winter of 1901, the Garland-Rodes Camp of Confederate -Veterans of the City of Lynchburg passed a resolution requesting -their comrade, Captain Chas. M. Blackford, of Company B, Second -Virginia Cavalry, C.S.A., to prepare an address upon the Campaign and -Battle of Lynchburg, which was to be delivered on June 18, 1901, the -thirty-seventh anniversary of the events of which he was to speak. - -Captain Blackford consented to do this work, and did it so much to the -satisfaction of the Camp that it ordered his address to be printed as -a valuable contribution to the history of the war and the traditions -of our city. It is now presented to our citizens and to all who are -interested in the details of our great struggle. - -The Committee have also added, as a matter of local history, a roster -of the various volunteer companies which left here when the war -commenced. Many names were added afterwards, but it is to be regretted -that the list cannot be perfected. - - Jno. H. Lewis, Chairman, - N.J. Floyd, - R.H. Boatwright, - W. Barbour Jones, - H. Grey Latham, - Committee. - - _December 10, 1901._ - - - - -The Campaign and Battle of Lynchburg. - - -The strategic importance of the city of Lynchburg was very little -understood by those directing the military movements of the Federal -armies during the Civil War, or, if understood, there was much lack of -nerve in the endeavor to seize it. - -It was the depot for the Army of Northern Virginia for all commissary -and quartermaster stores gathered from the productive territory lying -between it and Knoxville, Tennessee, and from all the country tributary -to, and drained by, the Virginia & Tennessee Railroad. Here, also, were -stored many of the scant medical supplies of the Confederacy, and here -many hospitals gave accommodation to the sick and wounded from the -martial lines north and east of it. Lynchburg was, in addition, the -key to the inside line of communication which enabled the Confederate -troops to be moved from our northern to our eastern lines of defence, -without exciting the attention of the enemy. - -Under these circumstances, it can well be understood that the -Confederate authorities were ever on the alert to guard so important -a post. They relied, however, on the facility with which its -garrison could be reinforced, when threatened, and not on an army of -occupation, for it could not afford to keep so many troops idle. - -Though equally important to the success of the Northern armies, in -their operations in Virginia, no serious effort was directed against it -until the spring of 1864. - -On the 6th of June, 1864, General Grant wrote from the lines around -Richmond to General David Hunter, then commanding the Department of -West Virginia, informing him that General Sheridan would leave the -next day for Charlottesville for the purpose of destroying the Central -(now the Chesapeake & Ohio) Railway. Having given this information, he -directed General Hunter to operate with the same general end in view, -adding that "the complete destruction of this road and of the canal on -the James River is of great importance to us." He further says, "you -[Hunter] are to proceed to Lynchburg and commence there. _It would be -of great value to us to get possession of Lynchburg for a single day._" - -According to this letter, Hunter, after reaching Staunton, was to move -on Lynchburg, _via_ Charlottesville, and thence along what Grant calls -"the Lynchburg branch of the Central Road," meaning the Lynchburg -extension of the Orange & Alexandria Railroad. Having captured -Lynchburg and destroyed the bridges and vast stores there concentrated, -he was to return by the same route, join Sheridan, and together they -were to move east and unite with Grant, who then proposed to move his -whole army south of the James and make his attack on Lee at, and south -of, Petersburg. (70 War of Rebellion, 598.) - -Hunter was given some latitude as to how he should execute this order -and as to the best mode of reaching Lynchburg. It seems he determined -to move up the Valley, and to that end called on General William W. -Averell to "suggest a plan of operations, the purpose of which was the -capture of Lynchburg and the destruction of the railroads running from -that place in five days." (Id. 146.) - -During the first three years of the war, raids were made upon the line -of the Virginia & Tennessee Railway (now Norfolk & Western) west of -Lynchburg, for the purpose of destroying Lee's communications with the -South and Southwest over that important conduit of supplies. - -By these raids some damage was done by burning depots and overturning -bridges, but none which caused any permanent injury or produced any -serious delay in transportation over it. Except for local panics and -the destruction of a small amount of property, these raids were, from -a strategic point of view, a useless expenditure of military strength. -They did, however, fortunately direct the attention of the Confederate -authorities to the importance of this line and greatly increase their -vigilance. - -On the 9th of June, 1864, when Averell's plan was laid before Hunter, -he approved and adopted it. He was then at Staunton, Virginia, in -command of an army, the exact number of which is not disclosed by -the records. The official report for the month of May, 1864, for that -department, discloses the fact that upon the 31st of that month there -was in it an aggregate present for duty of 36,509. (70 Id. 571.) The -published correspondence shows that during the month of May every -possible effort was made to concentrate these forces, and it seems -from the roster that every brigade and division in the department was -represented at Staunton when the expedition started. Hence, making due -allowance for heavy details on guard, provost and escort duty, it may -well be claimed that when the start was made there were present for -duty, of all arms, at least 25,000 men, fresh and well equipped. (Id. -103.) - -Some of these troops, like their leader, were renegades from the -traditions and instincts of their forefathers, and hence very little to -be trusted, but far the greater proportion of the force was composed of -high types of the soldier from Pennsylvania, Ohio and New York, and, -under a proper leader, would have been very formidable. The want of -such a leader, despite the efficient aid of able subordinates, made the -campaign a fiasco with no historical parallel, except, perhaps, that of -the famous King of France, who, - - "With twenty thousand men, - Marched up the hill, and then marched down again." - -Hunter's army consisted of four divisions, two of infantry, commanded -respectively by Generals Sullivan and Crook, and two of cavalry, -severally commanded by Generals Duffie and Averell. Each division -consisted of three brigades, and they were accompanied by eight -batteries of artillery, with an aggregate of thirty-two guns. - -Major-General David Hunter, the commander, was a Southerner by race -and environment, and members of his family had often been honorably -connected with the history of the State of Virginia. He had been an -officer in the United States army, and on the breaking out of the war -between the States, ignored the traditions of his race and took up arms -against Virginia. It is not the custom of those of Virginian blood to -be disloyal to their State, and it is her proud boast that the roll of -those who have been false is very short. What moved Hunter to act as he -did must be developed by his biographer; it is enough for the historian -to record the fact of his apostasy. Most Southern officers in the old -service disapproved the secession of the States, but on the breaking -out of the war, with rare exceptions, they resisted the powerful -temptations held out as inducements to stay and join the Northern -army. They preferred poverty and the uncertainties of the approaching -conflict to a military distinction which could only be won by shedding -the blood of their brothers and friends. With this faith they joined -in the defence of their several States whether they agreed with them -in their political course or not. Such was the course of the Lees and -the Johnsons, of Stuart and the Hugers, of the Maurys, and of hundreds -of others who stood by their people, right or wrong. They believed it -alike the path of duty and of honor to draw their swords in defence of -their native land, in the hour of its greatest need, and they turned a -deaf ear to the whisper of that tempting thrift which is so often the -reward of fawning. - -When Hunter and his army were approaching Staunton, a part of his -force, estimated at about eight thousand men, had a battle with a -small, disorganized detachment under General Wm. E. Jones, at a place -called Piedmont, near Port Republic. The troops under Jones were much -worn, and were weary with hard work, sharp fighting and scant rations. -Those of Hunter were fresh, vigorous and well equipped. Jones and his -men fought well, but he was killed early in the action. His death had -a bad effect on his command, and it gave way in much confusion and -with heavy loss. Much good was done during the confusion by Lieutenant -Carter Berkeley and his two ubiquitous guns, which afterwards did such -good service in the lines around Lynchburg and upon Hunter's retreat. - -After this disaster, Jones's command, under Vaughan, fell back first -to Fishers ville and Waynesboro, and then towards Charlottesville. -This left the Valley open as far as Buchanan, except for the small, -but ever vigilant force of cavalry, so skillfully and manfully handled -by Brigadier-General John McCausland, who had shortly before been -transferred from the command of an infantry to a cavalry brigade. - -Imboden, with a small body of cavalry, which had escaped from the -battle of Piedmont, and which was badly mounted and equipped, had -crossed the Blue Ridge and was energetically attempting to defend the -Orange & Alexandria Railroad (now the Southern), in Nelson and Amherst -Counties, from a heavy detachment from the column of General Duffie, -sent by Hunter to destroy that road for the purpose of cutting off -reinforcements from Lynchburg. - -After the death of General Jones and the defeat of his little army, -Hunter blew his trumpets with boastful triumph. Staunton, of course, -forthwith fell into his hands, which was the occasion for another -blast. General Hunter, in his report of the battle of Piedmont, written -on June 8, says, with pride, that his "combined force, now in fine -spirits and condition, will move, day after to-morrow, toward the -accomplishment of its mission," which was the capture of Lynchburg, and -the destruction of its bridges and stores. (70 W, of R. 95). - -The plan of campaign which General Averell had suggested and Hunter -had adopted, was a movement up the Valley to Buchanan in four columns, -each column composed of a division, commanded respectively by himself, -Crook, Sullivan and Duffie. The last-named division was to march in the -same direction on the western slope of the Blue Ridge, sending raiding -parties through the gaps to destroy the Orange & Alexandria Railroad, -and was finally to move through White's Gap to Amherst Courthouse, -whence it was to march toward the James River, cross it below -Lynchburg, cut the James River & Kanawha Canal, destroy the Southside -Railroad, and then move up the river and join in the attack upon the -objective point of the campaign. (70 W. of R. 146). - -For the purpose of carrying out this plan, General Hunter left -Staunton on the 10th of June, with his army marching in four columns, -as suggested by Averell. Drums were beating, flags were flying and -triumphant bulletins flashed over the wires to announce to the -Secretary of War the great deeds which were soon to astonish the nation. - - * * * * * - -On the day Hunter left Staunton with so much pomp and circumstance, -the City of Lynchburg was resting quietly, guarded only by the -convalescents from the hospitals, and the halt and the maimed who were -there congregated in invalid camps. A gallant and appropriate leader -was found for this anomalous force in General Francis T. Nicholls, -who was in command of the post. He had left _a leg and an arm_, -respectively, upon two different battle-fields, but he still managed to -mount his horse and do heroic service. He heard of Hunter's movements -as soon as a start was made, and commenced organizing his sick and -wounded into an army of occupation. From his trenchant dispatches -it seemed that he had determined to hold the town with his cripples -against Hunter's whole force. (70 W. of R. 760). - -The little remnant of the detachment which had been defeated under -Jones at Piedmont was then along the line of the Orange & Alexandria -Railroad, and near Charlottesville, under General Vaughan, much -demoralized and short of ammunition and supplies. It came by forced -marches, however, to the aid of Lynchburg, where it was under the -immediate orders of General John C. Breckinridge, the commander of the -Confederate Department of Southwest Virginia. Unfortunately General -Breckinridge, though in Lynchburg, was an invalid in bed, having been -injured when his horse was shot under him at Cold Harbor. Some of the -troops which had fought under him around Richmond were _en route_ -to the Valley, and, their destination being changed, they reached -Lynchburg before Early's corps, or any part of it, came up. - -There was also another small but efficient force which, by almost an -accident, was added to the troops defending Lynchburg. The Botetourt -Artillery, a battery of six guns, under Captain H.C. Douthat, had -been operating in Southwestern Virginia. On the fifth of June it was -ordered to the Valley, _via_ Lynchburg, to the command of General -W.E. Jones. It reached Lynchburg as soon after receiving the order as -transportation could be afforded, and reported to General Jones by the -wires. He directed the battery to remain in Lynchburg until further -orders. - -The battery was on the 11th of June ordered to Staunton, and it and its -men, about one hundred in number, were at once put on a freight train -on the Orange & Alexandria Railroad and started, despite rumors of -raiding parties, on its proposed route. - -At New Glasgow Station the conductor was notified that a large raiding -party was at Arrington Depot, and the smoke disclosed the fact that the -depot buildings were being destroyed. - -Captain Douthat at once pushed forward with the train, upon which -there happened to be a car-load of muskets, with suitable ammunition. -Douthat's object was to reach the Tye River bridge before the Federal -troops and save it from destruction. This he did, and, breaking open -the ordnance boxes, armed his men with muskets and forty rounds of -ammunition, and then, at a double quick, crossed the Tye River, and got -into position to defend the bridge. - -When the Federal videttes came in contact with what seemed a heavy -infantry picket they retired and reported a large infantry force on -hand, and the whole raiding party at once withdrew and the bridge -was saved. Had it been destroyed, Lynchburg must have fallen, as -reinforcements could not have come up in time to protect it. - -The sound judgment and prompt and bold action of Captain Douthat and -the gallantry of his men on this occasion is worthy of all praise--yet, -strange to say, as he was unattached at the time, there is no official -report of this valuable service. - -The battery, after this, was unable to continue its journey to -Staunton, as the railroad had been much damaged, and it therefore -fortunately returned to Lynchburg and took a very active part in the -defence of the city. It aided in the repulse of Duffie's division on -the Forest Road, one section of two guns being stationed at the old -soapstone quarry on that road, on the crest of the hill beyond the road -to Tate's Spring. These two guns protected the railroad bridge over Ivy -Creek and drove the Federal cavalry from it whenever they approached. -The other four were on the other side of the road, supporting the -brigade under Colonel Forsberg, and kept up a very heavy fire on -the enemy during his stay. Our comrade and fellow-citizen, Mr. A.H. -Plecker, was a gunner in this battery, and for his gallant services was -tendered a commission. This he declined on the ground that he could do -better service as a gunner, in the discharge of which duty he had won -much reputation. - -The arrival of these different detachments of troops gave much comfort -to Nicholls, and they were at once placed in position. There were -still, however, so few of the Confederates on the ground that they -counted more as a picket than as a regular line of battle. - -To add to the general confusion incident to this campaign which had -been inaugurated in General Lee's rear, it must be remembered that -General Sheridan, with a large body of well-equipped and well-mounted -cavalry, had, on the 7th of June, crossed the Chickahominy, and on the -10th had struck the Virginia Central Railroad (now the Chesapeake & -Ohio), with the intention of joining Hunter in his march on Lynchburg. -He was met on the 11th and 12th of June at Trevilian's Depot, in Louisa -County, by a Confederate force of cavalry, under General Wade Hampton, -and was repulsed with such disorder that he hurried back to the cover -of Grant's lines in disorganized confusion, leaving the road open for -the reinforcements which Lee was hurrying to the defence of Lynchburg. - -Some description of Hampton's great cavalry battle at Trevilian's Depot -would strictly be a part of any history of the siege and battle of -Lynchburg, for had he failed, Lynchburg would necessarily have fallen -into the hands of the enemy; but time will not permit so pleasant a -digression. It is enough to say that it was one of the most brilliant -and successful engagements in which our troops were involved during -the war, and one which shed well-deserved renown not only on General -Wade Hampton, who commanded, but on every officer and man under him. -Conspicuous for their gallantry and valuable service in that battle was -the Second Virginia Cavalry, under our distinguished fellow-citizen, -General T.T. Munford. This great regiment was made up of companies -from Lynchburg and the surrounding counties, and was therefore one of -whose record we all have a right to be proud. On the day of that fight -it was especially distinguished for its daring courage and for its -achievements. It was in the front of the charging column which broke -Custer's line and captured _four_ out of the five caissons lost by -Sheridan on that day. It captured Custer's headquarters, his sash and -private wagon and papers. The wagon was used by General Munford until -it was recaptured, a few days before Appomattox. - -On the 12th of June General Lee, who had anxiously been watching the -movements of the enemy in the Valley, and who was perfectly informed -of his designs, gave verbal orders to General Jubal A. Early to hold -his corps (the Second, or Ewell's), with Nelson's and Braxton's -artillery, in readiness to march to the Shenandoah Valley. After -dark upon that day these orders were repeated in writing, and he was -directed to move to the Valley that night at three o'clock _via_ Louisa -Courthouse, Charlottesville and Brown's Gap. He was further ordered -to communicate with General Breckinridge at Lynchburg, with a view of -a combined attack on Hunter. Breckinridge was to attack in front and -Early in the rear. - -The Second Corps was then at Gaines' Mill, near Richmond, numbering -about eight thousand muskets. (Memoirs of J.A. Early, page 40.) It -had been for the last forty days constantly fighting, and had taken -a prominent part in the battles of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania -Courthouse, Gaines' Mill and Cold Harbor, and had had no time or place -for rest or reorganization. At Spottsylvania Courthouse it lost nearly -a whole division. Its commander, Major-General Edward Johnson, had been -wounded and captured. Four of its Brigadier-Generals had been killed -during the campaign, four desperately wounded, and two more had been -promoted to Major-Generals and removed to other commands. The troops -therefore, though hardy and well-tried veterans, were in bad condition -for so arduous an undertaking. Despite these facts, so well calculated -to throw the command out of joint, it was on the march an hour before -that fixed by General Lee in his order! No one but Early knew where -they were going, but all felt that if Lee ordered the march it was -right and led to victory. When it started, Hunter was within fifty -miles of Lynchburg, while Early, on his route by Charlottesville, had -to move one hundred and sixty miles, of which a part of his troops had -the aid of very poor railway transportation for sixty miles. - -On the 16th of June Early had reached Charlottesville, and his corps -was at the Rivanna bridge, four miles east of that place, having -marched eighty miles in four days, well maintaining the reputation -won under Jackson as "foot cavalry." Here Early received a dispatch -from Breckinridge announcing that Hunter was at Liberty (now Bedford -City), only distant twenty-five miles. The Orange & Alexandria Railroad -had not been sufficiently repaired for transportation in cars. Every -effort was made, however, to hurry the repairs and to secure trains -to speedily forward the troops from Charlottesville to Lynchburg, for -Early, when the perilous position of that city was known, was ordered -to push on to save it from Hunter's advancing host. He could get only -one engine and a few cars at first, but soon added to this limited -transportation enough to enable him to move a part of his command. -Duffie's attack upon the road between Charlottesville and Lynchburg -had not been very serious either to the railroad or to the telegraph -lines, and both were repaired in one or two days, hence at sunrise on -the morning of the 17th, Early commenced to move his corps by rail. -The transportation was so limited that he could only get half of his -infantry moved on that day. Ramseur's division, one brigade under -Gordon and part of another, were placed upon the train, while Rodes' -division and the residue of Gordon's were ordered to march along the -county road, which runs parallel to the railroad, and to meet the train -as it returned. The artillery and wagon trains were started over the -county road the night before, but got no aid from the railway, and did -not reach Lynchburg in time to take any part in the engagement at that -point. Rodes demanded the right to be sent forward with his division -ahead of Ramseur, on the ground that he should be called upon to defend -his native city. This privilege, from some unaccountable reason, was -denied him, a denial which led to high words between Early and himself. - -General Early was on board the first train, but so indifferent was the -motive power, and so bad the condition of the track, that he and the -first half of his corps did not reach Lynchburg until the afternoon of -the 17th, and the rest of his small army did not arrive until nearly -night the next day--too late to take part in the engagement. Early -found Breckinridge in bed suffering from the injury to which reference -is made above, and as Breckinridge could not go out to reconnoitre, -he had called upon General D.H. Hill, who happened to be in the city, -to ascertain and define the best lines of defence. This duty was -performed by General Hill, with the assistance of General Harry T. -Hays, of Louisiana, who was also in town disabled by a wound received -at Spottsylvania Courthouse. Hill established the line close to the -city in breastworks, which had been thrown up on College Hill. These -were at once occupied by the disorganized infantry force which had -been defeated at Piedmont under Jones, the Virginia Military Institute -Cadets, and the invalid corps. To this was added Breckinridge's small -command, when it arrived on the 16th, and Douthat's battery. - -Early, on his arrival, thought this line too near the city for the -main defence. He feared that in case of battle the shot and shell of -the enemy would do damage to the property and the people of the town; -consequently a new line, further out, was established, to which were -taken the troops with Early, Breckinridge's men and the artillery. - -When he reached the field on the afternoon of the 17th, Early found -Imboden with his small remnant of cavalry, and McCausland with his -little brigades, occupying the hill at the old Quaker Meeting House, -on the Salem Turnpike. This cavalry, with their gallant leaders, was -holding the enemy in check, which was a great achievement, and was one -absolutely essential to the safety of the city. They were, however, -very slowly driven back as the main body of Hunter's army advanced. - -The small force under Ramseur, which arrived on the evening of the -17th, was at once thrown forward and occupied the new line established -by Early, across the Salem Turnpike, about two miles from the city and -a mile and a half beyond Hill's line on College Hill. This force, with -two guns of Breckinridge's command, in charge of Lieutenant Carter -Berkeley, of Staunton, now Dr. Carter Berkeley, of Lynchburg, two guns -of Lurty's battery, some of the guns of Floyd King's battalion and two -of Douthat's battery, were placed in the redoubt near the toll-gate and -stayed the advance of the enemy until dark closed the engagement for -the day. - -These guns of Lieutenant Berkeley had done good service in the Valley -and rendered themselves and their young commander very famous. They -reached Lynchburg by forced marches, through the upper part of Amherst -County, on the evening of the 16th of June. On their arrival at the -bridge across James River, they were urged forward, as it was supposed -Hunter was even then in sight. The general direction in which the -enemy was expected was pointed out to Berkeley, who was ignorant of -Lynchburg and its topography. He was told to go directly out from the -bridge to the hills west of the city, so he urged his weary horses up -Ninth street, passed the old market house to the foot of Courthouse -hill. There even his nerve was daunted, and he turned up Church street -to Eighth. He halted a moment, wondering what sort of teams and -conveyances they had in Lynchburg, but noticing that Eighth street -was the nearest route to the enemy, he urged his horses up the steep -declivity, putting several men at each wheel. One-third of the hill was -thus surmounted, but there is a limit to human and equine endurance, -and the two guns and their caissons stalled hopelessly. Fortunately -some of Imboden's cavalry were just passing at the foot of the hill -on Church street. They saw the trouble, and knowing how important it -was to get those useful guns into action, jumped from their horses, -reinforced the storming party and soon had the guns at the top of the -hill; thence, at a gallop, they moved forward into the line of battle. - -The line then selected extended from a point some distance to the -left of the turnpike through the toll-gate into what is now known -as Langhorne's field. The residue of Early's command did not reach -Lynchburg until late on the afternoon of the 18th, when it was hurried -through the city at a double quick, much to the relief of the citizens, -who cheered them on their pathway. During the night of the 17th a yard -engine, with box cars attached, was run up and down the Southside -Railroad, making as much noise as possible, and thus induced Hunter to -believe and to report that Early was rapidly being reinforced. - -Senator John W. Daniel, then a Major on Early's staff, though at the -time disabled from duty by a very dangerous wound, describes the -entrance of these troops upon the scene as follows: - - "In this condition Tinsley, the bugler of the Stonewall Brigade, came - trotting up the road sounding the advance, and behind him came the - skirmishers of Ramseur's Division with rapid strides. Just then the - artillerists saw through the smoke the broad white slouch hat of 'Old - Jube,' who rode amongst them.... - - Poor Tinsley! His last bugle call, like the bagpipes at Lucknow, - foretold the rescue of Lynchburg, but on that field he found, in a - soldier's duty and with a soldier's glory, a soldier's death." - -Up to that time Hunter's army was several times larger than that -opposing him. The addition of Rodes' command and the residue of -Gordon's to the Confederate forces the next night diminished the -disparity, but made our army but little over one-half as large as that -under Hunter. Yet Hunter did not make any serious demonstration on the -17th, nor until after two o'clock on the 18th. There was firing along -the picket line and much cannonading, but no serious fight until that -hour. - -Half of the Second Corps and Breckinridge's command, with some fifteen -guns, occupied the front line, while the cadets, the dismounted cavalry -and the invalid corps occupied the inner line established by Hill. - -On the 18th General Duffie's division of the enemy made some attack on -Early's right. This attack by Duffie with his division of two brigades -of cavalry and a battery of artillery is described by him in a report -made in the field to General Hunter on June 18. He says: - - "I have carried out your order in engaging the enemy on the extreme - left. I attacked him at 12:30 and drove him into his fortifications. - Have been fighting ever since. Two charges have been made and - the enemy's strength fully developed in our front. His force is - much superior to mine. All my force is engaged. The enemy is now - attempting to turn my right. I shall send a force to check him. I do - not communicate with Averell on my left." (70 W. of R. 650.) - -This force which Duffie describes as so superior to his consisted -of two small brigades of infantry under General Gabe C. Wharton and -the cavalry under General John McCausland. It is impossible that the -whole force was half the size of Duffie's. Wharton's command was but -a remnant left from Gaines' Mill and Cold Harbor, and McCausland's -had been in one continuous fight for ten days, and was therefore -much dismounted, worn and weary. Of the two so-called brigades under -Wharton, one was commanded by our gallant comrade, Colonel Aug. -Forsberg, and had, under his leadership, been more than decimated in -the fights around Richmond during the four weeks immediately preceding. - -Had Hunter made a vigorous assault on the line through Judge Daniel's -Rivermont farm, he could have marched directly into Lynchburg and -burned the railroad bridges without successful resistance, for Early -could not have spared a man from his line to oppose him. Wharton's two -brigades were both east of the Blackwater, and between that stream and -James River there was only the skirmish line of McCausland's cavalry, -and a few old men in the trenches across the Rivermont farm. These old -citizens, however, though entirely "muster free" either from age or -physical infirmity, did good service. They remained in the trenches, -though without equipment or even the scant comforts of the regular -soldier, and were anxiously and gallantly awaiting the anticipated -attack. Had it been made, they were ready to die in defence of their -homes. - -A reconnoissance was made by Averell on the 18th in the direction of -the Campbell Courthouse Turnpike. It amounted to nothing, and he soon -returned to the main lines. Beyond these two movements, picket firing -and artillery duels, nothing was done until about 2:30 o'clock in the -afternoon, when the infantry divisions of Sullivan and Crook commenced -their advance upon Early's centre. This brought about for a short time -a very active engagement. Our skirmish line was driven in upon the main -body, as is usual in such cases, and the engagement was fairly general -and, for a time, very sharp. The enemy soon fell back into a new line, -and there each side rested on their arms apparently for the night. - -Early scarcely felt himself strong enough, before Rodes arrived, to -attack the enemy on ground selected by them, but was courting an attack -all day. The enemy's forces showed no signs of weakness or timidity, -but the indications were that its movements were lacking in well -defined purpose, and there was obviously want of confidence on the part -of the subordinate Brigadiers in the Major-General commanding. That -this feeling prevailed amongst the division and brigade commanders -is clearly observed on reading their official reports, in which they -differ with him as to what was done and the causes of the failure to do -more. - -The report of General Crook, who was a very excellent officer, is -particularly striking. After telling of his march and the occupation of -his corps on the 17th, he says (70 W. of R. 121): - - "Next morning I was sent to the right with my division to make a - reconnoissance for the purpose of turning the enemy's left; found - it impracticable after marching some three or four miles, and just - returned with my division and got into position to support Sullivan's - division when the enemy made an attack on our lines." - -Having said this, and without further word of explanation or -description of the result, he continues: - - "_On the retreat this evening_ my division brought up the rear. When - I reached Liberty, I found General Averell had gone into camp on the - edge of the town. The infantry were going into camp some mile and a - half further on." - -He sings no paean of victory, as did Hunter, but preserved a silence -which is suggestive, if not eloquent. - -General Sullivan made no report. All that General Averell says about -the movements is an elaborate analysis of the causes of the failure, -chief amongst which he asserts was General Hunter's delay at Lexington -(70 W. of R. 148). Colonel Frost, who commanded a regiment in Crook's -division, reports that on the 18th-- - - "His command marched three miles to the right, and on the afternoon - was ordered again to the front of the enemy's works, and were - afterwards formed in line on our left under a heavy fire of artillery. - Our brigade charged the enemy and drove them back to his rifle-pits. - - Here the right gave way, and our brigade being exposed to a close - firing of musketry, grape and canister, we were obliged to retire - about thirty paces to a new line of battle, which was held _until - orders were received to fall back. Marched all that night_, and - reached Liberty about 3 p.m. on the 9th." (70 W. of R. 135.) - -Colonel Rutherford B. Hayes, afterwards President of the United States, -in reporting the battle of the 18th, says: - - "Pursued the retreating rebels and drove them from their rifle-pits to - the protection of their main works. The works being too strong to be - carried by the force then before them, the regiment _retired in some - disorder_, but was promptly reformed before reaching our own lines. - After leaving Lynchburg the officers and men of the First Brigade - sustained themselves through the hardships and privation of the - retreat like good soldiers." (70 W. of R. 123.) - -Other quotations from other reports might be made to the same effect. - -That these reports may have their true significance it is necessary -that we note what General Hunter himself says of what took place on the -17th and 18th. It will be found difficult to understand where all the -glory comes in. He writes: - - "Early in the morning of the 17th orders were given for the troops - to move, but the march was delayed for several hours at the Great - Otter River, owing to the difficulty in crossing the artillery, and - in consequence we did not overtake the enemy until four o'clock in - the afternoon. At that hour Averell's advance came upon the enemy, - strongly posted and intrenched at Diamond Hill, five miles from - Lynchburg. He immediately attacked, and a sharp contest ensued. - Crook's infantry arriving at the same time, made a brilliant advance - upon the enemy, drove him from his works back upon the town, killing - and wounding a number and capturing seventy men and one gun. It being - too late to follow up this success, we encamped upon the battle-field. - The best information to be obtained at this point of the enemy's - forces and plans indicated that all the rebel forces heretofore - operating in the Valley and West Virginia were concentrated in - Lynchburg, under the command of General Breckinridge. This force was - variously estimated at from ten thousand to fifteen thousand men, well - supplied with artillery, and protected by strong works. - - "During the night the trains on the different railroads were heard - running without intermission, while repeated cheers and the beating - of drums indicated the arrival of large bodies of troops in the town, - yet up to the morning of the 18th I had no positive information as - to whether General Lee had detached any considerable force for the - relief of Lynchburg. To settle the question, on this morning, I - advanced my skirmishers as far as the toll-gate on the Bedford Road, - two miles from the town, and a brisk fire was opened between them - and the enemy behind their works. This skirmishing with musketry, - occasionally assisted by the artillery, was kept up during the whole - of the forenoon. Their works consisted of strong redoubts on each of - the main roads entering the town, about three miles apart, flanked - on either side by rifle-pits protected by abatis. On these lines the - enemy could be seen working diligently, as if to extend and strengthen - them. I massed my two divisions of infantry in front of the works on - the Bedford Road, ready to move to the right or left as required, the - artillery in commanding positions, and Averell's cavalry division in - reserve. Duffie was ordered to attack resolutely on the Forestville - Road, our extreme left, while Averell sent two squadrons of cavalry - to demonstrate against the Campbell Courthouse Road, on our extreme - right. This detachment was subsequently strengthened by a brigade. - Meanwhile I reconnoitred the lines, hoping to find a wreak interval - through which I might push with my infantry, passing between the main - redoubts, which appeared too strong for a direct assault. While the - guns were sounding on the two flanks, the enemy, no doubt supposing - my centre weakened by too great extension of my lines, and hoping - to cut us in two, suddenly advanced in great force from his works, - and commenced a most determined attack on my position on the Bedford - Turnpike. Although his movement was so unexpected and rapid as almost - to amount to a surprise, yet it was promptly and gallantly met by - Sullivan's division, which held the enemy in check until Crook was - enabled to get his troops up. After a fierce contest of half an hour's - duration, the enemy's direct attack was repulsed; but he persistently - renewed the fight, making repeated attempts to flank us on the left - and push between my main body and Duffie's division. In his effort he - was completely foiled, and at the end of an hour and twenty minutes - was routed and driven back into his works in disorder and with heavy - loss. In the eagerness of pursuit, one regiment (One Hundred and - Sixtieth Ohio) entered the works on the heels of the flying enemy, - but being unsupported, fell back with trifling loss. Our whole loss - in this action was comparatively light. The infantry behaved with the - greatest steadiness, and the artillery, which materially assisted - in repelling the attack, was served with remarkable rapidity and - efficiency. This affair closed about two p.m. From prisoners captured - we obtained positive information that a portion of Ewell's corps was - engaged in the action, and that the whole corps, twenty thousand - strong, under the command of Lieutenant General Early, was either - already in Lynchburg or near at hand. The detachment sent by General - Averell to operate on our right had returned, reporting that they - had encountered a large body of rebel cavalry in that quarter, while - Duffie, although holding his position, sent word that he was pressed - by a superior force. It had now become sufficiently evident that - the enemy had concentrated a force of at least double the numerical - strength of mine, and what added to the gravity of the situation - was the fact that my troops had scarcely enough of ammunition left - to sustain another well-contested battle. I immediately ordered all - the baggage and supply trains to retire by the Bedford turnpike, and - made preparation to withdraw the army as soon as it should become - sufficiently dark to conceal the movement from the enemy. Meanwhile, - as there still remained five hours of daylight, they were ordered to - maintain a firm front, and with skirmishers to press the enemy's lines - at all points. I have since learned that Early's whole force was up in - time to have made a general attack on the same afternoon (18th)--an - attack which under the circumstances would probably have been fatal to - us; but, rendered cautious by the bloody repulse of Breckinridge, and - deceived by the firm attitude of my command, he devoted the afternoon - to refreshment and repose, expecting to strike a decisive blow on - the following morning. As soon as it became dark I quietly withdrew - my whole force, leaving a line of pickets close to the enemy, with - orders to remain until twelve o'clock (midnight), and then follow the - main body. This was successfully accomplished without loss of men or - material, excepting only a few wounded who were left in a temporary - hospital by mistake." - -By a critical examination and comparison of these reports it will be -seen that the men who did the fighting say nothing of the Confederate -force being "disgracefully routed," or of their "overwhelming numbers," -and maintain a prudent silence as to the cause of Hunter's withdrawal. -No one can read the whole correspondence without being satisfied that -such men as Averell, Crook, Sullivan and Hayes, who seemed to have -all been gallant soldiers, were much discouraged and had no faith in -Hunter. They believed they could have forced their way through our -lines and were anxious to do so, for they knew that they had force -superior both in numbers and equipment. Believing this, they were -chagrined that a retreat was ordered just as victory was apparently -within their grasp. - -Hunter claimed that he was overwhelmed by numbers, and that he was -short of ammunition. That he was not outnumbered the official reports -plainly show. He had two full divisions of infantry, each with three -brigades, two of cavalry, composed in the aggregate of five brigades -and thirty-two guns. Early, on the other hand, had only the small -though very efficient force belonging to Breckinridge's department, -McCausland's and Imboden's cavalry, the corps of cadets, the Silver -Grays of the city, the invalids, and about one-half of Ewell's corps; -the second half did not reach Lynchburg in time to take active part in -the battle on the 18th. Opposed to Hunter's thirty-two guns, Early had -none of the artillery attached to the second corps and only the guns -under Major Floyd King belonging to Breckinridge's command, Douthat's -battery, two of Berkeley's and several of Lurty's, some fifteen or -twenty all told. King had four companies of four guns each in his -command, but Otey's battery was on duty elsewhere. The batteries with -him were Chapman's, Bryant's and Lowry's. Doing good service in Lowry's -company was our townsman M.H. Dudley, of the Glamorgan Works. - -Early's cavalry, opposed to the elegant divisions of Averell and -Duffie, consisted of Imboden's remnant, one-half of which was -dismounted, and all of which, though it did good service, was -disorganized by the defeat at Piedmont, and, in addition, the gallant -little brigade so admirably handled by General McCausland. - -If General Hunter did not know all this, it was his fault, for it -was his duty to know, and he had ample opportunity to acquire the -information. He had scouts on both railroads and the country was filled -with the vigilant spies who prided themselves on their cleverness. They -were famous under the name of "Jessie's Scouts"; a name assumed in -honor of Mrs. General Fremont, who was a daughter of Senator Thomas H. -Benton. He also had the aid of several notorious local traitors, who -affected to keep him informed. The truth is he had all the necessary -information, but lacked the nerve to act on it. - -The other excuse made by General Hunter that his army was out of -ammunition, is equally untenable. It cannot be believed that a corps -was short of ammunition which had been organized but a few weeks, a -part only of which had been engaged at Piedmont, and which had fought -no serious pitched battle, and the sheep, chickens, hogs and cattle -they wantonly shot on their march could not have exhausted their -supply. The corps would not have started had the ammunition been so -scarce. It would have been against all precedent, and any thinking -man must know that the Ordnance Department of the United States army, -always full-handed, had well supplied ammunition to an army about to -start on so important an undertaking. No brigade or division commander -in his correspondence or in his report made any such complaint. It -would have given them pleasure to have had some excuse for retreating. -They undertook to give no excuse, and their silence is so logical that -it points out with great effect the fact that they had no belief in -Hunter's excuses, and laid the real blame of the ignominious failure -upon the incompetence of Hunter himself. - -The obvious cause of Hunter's failure was that he did not reach -Lynchburg on the 16th, the day upon which, according to Averell's -plan, he was due. Had he reached his destination on the 16th he could -have occupied the town without opposition. General Breckinridge was -there, an invalid, and his troops were there in small numbers, much -wearied, and they, with a few Silver Gray home guards, and the boys -from the Institute, constituted the sole garrison opposing his army of -twenty-five thousand men. Why he did not come up is accounted for upon -two grounds. The first of which was the unnecessary delay at Lexington. - -He says in his report, after giving the detail of his performance -there, "I delayed one day in Lexington" (70 W. of R. 97). Colonel Hayes -says _two_ days. (Id. 122.) Had he marched without delay he would -have been in Lynchburg before Early or any part of his troops left -Charlottesville, and the town would have surrendered without firing a -gun. He delayed at Lexington that he might vent his personal ill-will -upon the State of Virginia. He says in his report that he ordered the -Virginia Military Institute, a college for the education of youth, -to be burned, and that he also ordered the burning of the residence -of Hon. John Letcher, formerly Governor of Virginia, alleging as his -reason for this latter act of barbarity that the governor had urged the -people to rise in arms to repel the invasion. In burning both places he -gave no time for anything to be saved. The family of Governor Letcher -barely escaped with the clothes upon their persons, and the torch was -applied to the Institute without the opportunity to save its library, -its philosophical apparatus, its furniture or its archives. All alike -were consumed to appease his vindictive spite. The statue of the Father -of his Country, belonging to the Institute, was stolen and sent to be -erected upon the grounds at West Point. (Id. 640.) It was returned -after the war. - -General Early in his memoirs says: - - "The scenes on Hunter's route to Lynchburg were truly heart-rending; - houses had been burned, and helpless women and children left without - shelter. The country had been stripped of provisions and many - families left without a morsel to eat. Furniture and bedding had been - cut to pieces, and old men and women and children robbed of all the - clothing they had except that on their backs. Ladies' trunks had been - rifled and their dresses torn to pieces in mere wantonness; even the - negro girls had lost their little finery. - - * * * * * - - "Hunter's deeds were those of a malignant and cowardly fanatic, who - was better qualified to make war upon helpless women and children than - upon armed soldiers. The time consumed in the perpetration of these - deeds was the salvation of Lynchburg, with its stores, foundries and - factories, which were so necessary to our army at Richmond." - -There was, however, another more potent influence which stayed Hunter's -advance. General John McCausland had been operating against the enemy -in Southwest Virginia with a body of cavalry. When Hunter reached -Staunton he was ordered across the country to meet him. When near -Staunton, McCausland was joined by a small brigade under the command of -Colonel William E. Peters, now professor of Latin at the University of -Virginia, who was then Colonel of the Twenty-first Virginia Cavalry. -These two brigades, aggregating some sixteen hundred men, under -McCausland's leadership, ably seconded by Peters, at once commenced to -worry Hunter and to keep his whole force in a constant state of alarm. -This force was so ubiquitous that it was estimated by the enemy as -being five times its real size. Amongst the officers in the force under -Colonel Peters was his nephew, and our fellow-citizen, Major Stephen P. -Halsey, who did good service and distinguished himself for his active -gallantry. - -As Hunter moved from Staunton to Lynchburg these brigades were ever -in his front, one hour fighting and the next falling back as the main -column would appear, but ever causing delay and apprehension. The -tireless little band performed deeds of gallantry as they hung upon -Hunter's front which entitled every officer and man to a cross of honor. - -When Hunter's army reached Buchanan, McCausland had been hovering in -front of his vanguard for many miles. There was a bridge at this point -across James River, over which Hunter expected to cross. McCausland -sent his men over the bridge, and from the south side of the river they -opened fire on the head of Hunter's column as it appeared in sight, and -thus checked their advance. McCausland had caused hay to be piled on -the bridge, much of which was wet with coal oil. He, with Captain St. -Clair, of his command, had remained on the north side for the purpose -of setting fire to the bridge. The Federal cavalry charged up very -close to him before McCausland applied the match, as he was desirous -that every man of his command should get safely over. As fire was -opened on him he applied the torch to the hay, and the coal oil at once -flashed up in a furious blaze. - -Captain St. Clair ran up the river bank, and the enemy was so occupied -in the effort to kill him that they did not see McCausland, who escaped -in a small boat under the burning bridge, and was not again under their -fire until he was climbing up the opposite bank of the river. - -This thoughtful and gallant conduct of McCausland delayed Hunter's -column for a whole day, thus giving Lynchburg a better chance for -defence and rendering Hunter's raid ineffectual. - -In Early's dispatch reporting the battle at Lynchburg an expression is -used which implies a doubt as to whether the cavalry would do its duty. -Never did cavalry do better service than did that under McCausland, -both as Hunter advanced and as he retreated. Had McCausland had the -full command of the cavalry on the retreat, Hunter's wagon train -and artillery would have fallen into the hands of the Confederates; -but for some reason, which it is now unnecessary to explain, great -opportunities were permitted to pass without advantage being taken -of them. McCausland at Hanging Rock with his force was in a position -to have attacked the retreating column of the enemy and to have cut -off his wagon train and many of his guns. He begged to be allowed to -attack, but was told to await the arrival of the infantry. While he -waited the enemy discovered his position and so far withdrew that when -the inhibition was withdrawn the great opportunity was gone, though, -despite the delay, a number of guns, wagons and supplies were captured -by his force. - -During the second day that Hunter was in the lines around Lynchburg -McCausland made a raid around his rear and attacked his train at Forest -Depot, driving a guard of one regiment of infantry and one of cavalry -back to the Salem pike. This gave Hunter much apprehension and threw -his force into confusion; how much it contributed to his rapid flight -that night can never be known. Due credit was not given McCausland for -this, nor for many of his other valuable services. - -Lynchburg owes much to Ramseur's division of the Second Corps and to -the men who occupied the lines when Hunter arrived, but it was the -skill of McCausland and Peters and the unflagging energy and courage -of their officers and men, which so retarded Hunter's movements that -when he did arrive there was force enough on our line to prevent his -capturing the city. McCausland and his command were the real saviors of -the city, and some lasting memorial of its gratitude should be erected -to perpetuate their deeds. - -McCausland proved himself a soldier of a high type. There were few -officers in either army who, with such a force, could have accomplished -as much. His little command had been in constant contact with the enemy -for many days, had been continuously in the saddle and on exhausting -marches, was badly mounted and badly equipped; everything about it was -worn and weary but their dauntless spirit; that, under the example of -their indomitable leaders, never flagged for an instant. The truth -is, heroism was so common a quality amongst the "old Confeds" during -that war that heroes were almost at a discount and heroic acts passed -unnoticed, however great. - -The services of this command were recognized at the time by a vote of -thanks adopted by the City Council of Lynchburg on the 24th of June, -1864, "for their gallantry in opposing for ten days the march of a -greatly superior force, thereby retarding the advance of the enemy on -our city until a proper force could be organized for its defence." The -citizens of the town at the same time presented General John McCausland -with a sword and a pair of silver spurs in token of their gratitude. - -It is not fair to close this special notice of the service rendered -the city by McCausland's command without referring especially to the -gallant conduct of Captain E.E. Bouldin, of the Charlotte cavalry, who -commanded its rear guard as it fell back before Hunter's army. The -records show that the numberless charges of Captain Bouldin and his -valiant band upon Hunter's vanguard were conspicuous, even amongst the -men of a command where each proved himself a hero. Captain Bouldin -still survives, and is a useful and modest citizen of Danville, -Virginia, and a learned and efficient member of its bar. - -What General McCausland did in this defence was not the only service -he rendered the city. When Lee surrendered he rode off with his men -toward the mountains of Southwest Virginia for the purpose of there -disbanding. As he approached Lynchburg a committee from the civil -authorities met him, and, after telling him that the place was being -looted by lawless squads of disbanded soldiers from Lee's army, asked -his aid. He at once sent in a squadron which cleared the streets and -soon restored order. He continued to preserve order until the civil -authorities organized a force sufficient to maintain it. - -When Hunter commenced his advance from Staunton our townsman, -Colonel J.W. Watts, of the Second Virginia Cavalry, was at his home -near Liberty, recuperating from severe wounds. Despite his disabled -condition, he mounted his horse, joined McCausland and rendered him -valuable aid. To him was assigned the duty of blocking the road from -Buchanan to the Peaks of Otter. He did this work very thoroughly, but -he states that so complete was the equipment of Hunter's pioneers -that they cleared the road in less time than it took him to blockade -it. Nevertheless the blockade was one of the causes which materially -delayed the advance of Hunter, and therefore was one of the causes -which led to the relief of the city. - -Major Robert C. Saunders, of Campbell, was at the time of the attack -by Hunter a resident of the city, being in charge of the Quartermaster -Department for the collection of the tax-in-kind for this Congressional -District. He had been in the field as captain of an infantry company -from Campbell County, and as soon as Hunter's approach was a certainty -General Nicholls sent for him and sent him out to bring him definite -information of Hunter's position. He started immediately and soon was -among Hunter's vanguard, but, though much exposed, he wonderfully -escaped under cover of the night and brought accurate information -which was very valuable. He was sent out again, and was in the sharp -battle fought by General McCausland at New London and by McCausland and -Imboden at the Quaker Meeting House, and then, as Hunter retreated, -he was with McCausland and Peters and saw much hard service with those -sturdy soldiers and their men. His manuscript account of what he saw is -very interesting, and might properly be inserted in this paper but that -it would make it too long for one evening's address. - -Be the causes of General Hunter's failure what they may, the fact is -he did fail, and failed disgracefully, where he should have succeeded, -for he had every advantage of numbers, of guns and of equipment. There -are many pages of reports of Federal officers about this campaign -published in the Records of the War of the Rebellion by the United -States Government, but the cotemporaneous literature on the part of -Confederate officers is very scant; they fought better and longer -than they wrote. As a specimen of the Confederate reports, that of -General Early may fitly be taken. It contrasts strikingly with the -ten-page document of General Hunter upon the same subject, found in the -seventieth volume of the War of the Rebellion, page 94. - -General Early's report is as follows: - - "New London, June 19, 1864, 9:30 A.M. - - "_General_: - - "Last evening the enemy assaulted my line in front of Lynchburg and - was repulsed by the part of my command which was up. On the arrival - of the rest of the command I made arrangements to attack this morning - at light, but it was discovered that the men were retreating, and I - am now pursuing. The enemy is retreating in confusion, and, if the - cavalry does its duty, we will destroy him. - - "J.A. Early, - "Lieutenant General. - - "_General R.E. Lee._" - -This report is brief and to the point. It has been construed as -ignoring the troops belonging to the command of Breckinridge, and as -doing injustice to the cavalry of Imboden and McCausland. General Early -should have been more careful in writing it, but it must be remembered -that when it was written he was not informed of the great service which -had been rendered by the cavalry, or of the faithful work which had -been done by the troops, other than those belonging to the Second Corps. - -In his memoirs (on page 44) General Early says that some time after -midnight it was discovered that Hunter was moving, but, owing to -the uncertainty as to whether he was merely changing front or -retreating, nothing could be done until daylight, when, the retreat -being ascertained, the pursuit commenced. Early's army moved in three -columns, the Second Corps on the Salem Turnpike, Breckinridge's -command, under Elzey, on the Forest Road, and the cavalry, placed by -Early under General Robert Ransom, on the right of Elzey. The enemy's -rear was overtaken at Liberty by Ramseur's division and was driven -through that place at a brisk trot. - -It is not within the scope of this paper to follow up the retreat of -Hunter, nor to narrate the incidents of Early's campaign in Maryland -and the scare he gave the Government at Washington. What a commotion -his little army created can be easily understood by inspecting the 70th -and 71st volumes of the War of the Rebellion, a large part of which -is taken up by the numberless orders and counter-orders, alarms and -outcries incident to the fright then prevailing. General Grant seems -to have been the only person in command on the other side who kept his -equilibrium and acted with consistent courage and judicious poise. - -But before we return to the scenes around Lynchburg incident to the -attack, it may well be noted that Hunter, after reaching Salem, turned -off to Lewisburg, West Virginia, and did not feel safe until he had -placed his army far beyond the Alleghanies and upon the banks of the -Ohio at Parkersburg. The effect of this remarkable line of retreat was -that the Valley was left open, and Early seized the opportunity and at -once commenced his march for the Potomac practically unmolested. On the -5th of July Hunter and his command were at Parkersburg, on the Ohio, -while Early, whom he was to obstruct, was crossing the Potomac River -into Maryland. - -Poor Hunter! he seems to have had few friends, and it is almost -cruel to recite his history, but men who undertake great enterprises -must expect to be criticised when they fail. He got little comfort, -and expected none, from the Confederate leaders, but he got even -less from the Federal, except when it came in the form of such -reports as that sent by Captain T.K. McCann to General Meigs, the -Quartermaster-General, in which he says that "General Hunter fought -four hours on the 17th; on the 18th the General ascertained that Rebel -force at Lynchburg was fifty-thousand men, and from a prisoner taken -it was reported that Lee was evacuating Richmond and falling back on -Lynchburg, and consequently General Hunter was obliged to fall back." -(Id. 679.) General Grant, however, on the 21st of June, wrote General -Meade to know where Hunter was, and said, "Tell him _to save his army_ -in the way he thinks best." (Id. 657.) - -On the 17th of July Halleck wrote to Hunter, giving him some directions -in regard to his future movements, saying that "General Grant directs, -if compelled to fall back, you will retreat _in front of the enemy_ -towards the Potomac, so as to cover Washington _and not be squeezed -out to one side_, so as to make it necessary to fall back into -West Virginia to save your army." This order he disregarded most -ignominiously. - -In the same letter Halleck wrote Hunter that General Grant said that in -the marching _he does not want houses burned_, but "that he wants your -troops to eat out Virginia clear and clean as far as they can, so that -crows flying over it for the balance of the year will have to carry -their rations with them." (Id. 366.) - -C.A. Dana, Assistant Secretary of War, wrote to Grant on the 15th of -July (Id. 332): "Hunter appears to have been engaged in a pretty active -campaign _against the newspapers_ in West Virginia." And Halleck on the -same day wrote to Grant that he thought "_Hunter's command was badly -used up in the Lynchburg expedition_." (Id. 331.) - -These assaults, and many others of a like nature, wounded General -Hunter so greatly that he not only asked to be relieved, but wrote a -letter to Grant, in which, after speaking of the depressing effect -upon him of these comments, he unstopped the vials of his wrath against -his subordinates, upon whom he put the blame of his defeat. - -In this letter he says that Sullivan, who commanded one of his -divisions, was "_not worth one cent_; in fact very much in my way," -and, again, he says: "I dashed on toward Lynchburg, and _should -certainly have taken it if it had not been for the stupidity and -conceit of that fellow Averell_, who unfortunately joined me at -Staunton, and of whom I unfortunately had, at the time, a very high -opinion, and trusted him when I should not have done so." (71 W. of R. -366.) - -With these quotations from the correspondence of his associates, -General Hunter may be left to the verdict which will be accorded him by -the future historian of the stirring events in which he took part. - -War is not a gentle occupation, and its customs are harsh. To make it -effective, it is clearly within the rules of civilization to strip an -enemy's country through which a hostile army is passing of everything -which will sustain the life of either men or beasts. Hence Grant's -historic order about the crow carrying his rations, while cruel, is -within the line of legitimate warfare. But putting non-combatants -to death, insults to women and children, the wanton destruction of -household goods and clothes, the application of the torch to dwellings, -factories and mills, or the destruction of public buildings, and -especially of institutions of learning and their libraries, and works -of art and science, is a style of warfare long since relegated to the -savage. The disgrace of reviving this barbaric strife in modern times -was reserved for Hunter. General Crook, one of his division commanders, -a soldier brave and true, felt constrained to note the conduct of the -troops, and published an order in which he says he "_regrets to learn -of so many acts committed by our troops that are disgraceful to the -command_." Hunter knew all this, but there was no word of protest or -repression from him. - -It is to be regretted that later in this campaign, when we carried the -war across the Potomac, some of our troops retaliated for these brutal -acts, upon innocent parties. That Hunter had set the example was no -good excuse, though it was pled. (See General Bradley T. Johnson's -Report, 90 W. of R. 7.) - -General Early has been severely criticised for permitting the escape of -Hunter. It is always much easier to criticise than to accomplish; to -point out how a thing should have been done, after we know the result -of what was done, than to do it at the time. The facts heretofore -stated can leave no doubt that all was done, as far as the prompt -pursuit of Hunter is concerned, which could have been done. Early's -line of defence, owing to the smallness of his force, was not only -thin but was short; he had therefore to keep in such a condition that -by changing front rapidly with the troops he had, he could supply the -place of those he did not have. Hence, when he noticed Hunter moving -away from his immediate front, he did not suppose he was retiring, -but merely withdrawing for the purpose of making his attack at another -point, and prudence demanded that he should keep his troops in hand -until the enemy's purpose was developed. To do this the delay until -daylight was essential. - -It is a subject of remark that with Hunter's army there were two -men who very faithfully discharged their duties as soldiers and -subsequently became Presidents of the United States--one Colonel -Rutherford B. Hayes, who commanded a brigade, and the other Major -William McKinley, who was a staff officer. - -The loss on neither side was very heavy, but it was very much greater -on that of the invader than upon ours. Hunter left his dead on the -field to be buried by his enemy, and his wounded in a field hospital; -facts which show how precipitously he departed. - -The Federal line of battle was formed on the left, directly through the -yard of the residence of the late C.H. Moorman, whose farm lay on both -sides of Blackwater Creek, and occupied most of what is now called West -Lynchburg. When it was known that Hunter was approaching, Mr. Moorman -packed several wagons with provisions, and, with his negroes and stock, -moved down toward the Staunton River, leaving his house in charge -of his young, unmarried daughter, now Mrs. Hurt, his wife, an old -negro man and several negro women. Before Mr. Moorman cleared his own -plantation, which was large, he found it necessary to lighten his load, -and to that end selected a spot and buried his supply of well-cured and -much prized hams. It turned out that the line of battle of Crook's -division ran across the spot, and the buried treasure was discovered, -much to the delight of the troops, who greatly enjoyed a very fine lot -of old Virginia hams, always valuable, but especially so under such -circumstances. - -At sunrise on the morning of the 17th, Miss Moorman went out on a hill -near her house to reconnoitre the military situation. She saw a column -of Federal troops moving on the Salem Turnpike, and was looking at -them very anxiously when she was shocked to see a line of blue coats -crossing the field close to her home. She at once ran back, sheltering -herself behind the fence, but the officer in command was at the door -before she was, and very politely advised her to stay in the house -while the fight was going on. The family were not molested during the -two days that the troops were there. With exceptional visits to the -front yard, she obeyed the officer's instructions very carefully. She -heard the constant cannonading and the picket firing without cessation -all of the 17th and until the evening of the 18th, when the sounds -changed and indicated that a real battle was going on close at hand. -She was naturally in a fever of excitement, but could hear nothing -of the result. About midnight of the 18th, or more probably on the -morning of the 19th, she heard the rumbling of wagons and artillery on -the Salem Turnpike, and found the lines around her house were being -withdrawn, but it was some time before she discovered that the Federal -troops were retreating. It was then nearly daylight, and she slipped -out of the house and ran down to the ford across Blackwater Creek and -notified the cavalry at that point what she had seen. A company was -at once sent off in pursuit to verify her statement. After they had -gone, and as she returned home, she met a solitary Federal soldier on -foot, who asked her what had become of his command. She told him they -had been whipped and had retreated, and informed him that he was her -prisoner. He stated he had fallen asleep and had been left, and at once -surrendered to her. - -On reaching her home, although it was not yet sunrise, she started over -on foot to the point where the heaviest fighting had taken place, that -she might learn the fate of her brother, Major Marcellus N. Moorman, -who commanded a battalion of artillery in the Second Corps. He had not -been in the fight, as the battalion had not reached Lynchburg until -during the night of the 18th. His command had started in the pursuit -when she left home on her mission, but she met him on the battle-field -going to tell his mother good-bye. Thus another son of Lynchburg was in -line to battle for her defence. - -On the extreme right of the Confederate lines, and on a part of what -is now the farm of Senator Daniel, was stationed the brigade in -command of Colonel Aug. Forsberg, then a stranger in the city, and -here merely by the accident of war. On the right of his brigade was -the Thirtieth battalion of Virginia infantry, under the command of -Captain, now Judge, Stephen Adams, who, on the breaking out of the -war, was a practicing attorney of West Virginia. He had married Miss -Emma Saunders, of Lynchburg, but was then a stranger thrown into the -line of defence of the city by the like accident. Captain Adams, after -he became a citizen of Lynchburg, purchased the very land on which -his men were that day formed in line of battle, and has often dug up -pieces of shell and bullets which were fired at him. He now preserves -them as pleasant reminders of the past. Both Captain Adams and Colonel -Forsberg are now valued citizens of Lynchburg, and we owe them a debt -of gratitude for their gallant efforts in its defence. - -It is not generally known that a few of the Federal shells were thrown -into the city, but such was the case. The writer has in his possession -a part of a three-inch percussion shell, shot from a rifle cannon, -which fell in what was then known as "Meem's Garden," near the spot -where the Catholic Church of the Holy Cross is now situated. His mother -lived in the immediate vicinity of the place where it exploded, and, -when the sound was heard, one of the servants ran over and picked it -up, and it was thus preserved in the family. - -The blood-stained and battle-torn little command of Breckinridge -reached Lynchburg on the 16th of June. Up to that moment no one in the -city had hoped that the place could be saved from Hunter's vandalism by -the cordon of boys, cripples and irregular troops which surrounded it, -and there was an anxiety which cannot be described; its depth may be -imagined, but the pen cannot paint it. - -The arrival of this small force brought hope back to the hearts of the -old men and helpless women and children who constituted the population -of the city, and as the hardy old veterans moved up Main and then up -Fifth streets they were cheered by joyous crowds of excited women, -jubilant convalescents and hopeful old men. The troops had made a -two-days' forced march from the headwaters of Rockfish River and were -in bad physical condition, but in high spirits. They much enjoyed their -cordial reception. This is shown by a little incident preserved out of -the many of the same character by a person who was one of the girls -present on the occasion. - -In the column of troops, as they swung along in a double-quick to meet -the advancing foe, was one red-haired soldier who had lost both hat and -shoes, but was advancing with the same alacrity as his comrades who had -been more fortunate in preserving these valuable articles of dress. -Miss Sally Scruggs, then a young lady, radiant with the enthusiasm of -the occasion, was standing upon the wall of the front yard of what was -then the residence of Mr. H.I. Brown, at the south corner of Fifth -and Church streets, together with a great many other ladies. She was -wearing a Confederate broad-brimmed straw hat of her own make, trimmed -with all the colors which could be raked from the discarded finery of -the past. Seeing the gallant fellow passing without a hat, she tore -her own from her head and threw it to him. He caught it, tied it over -his auburn locks, raised his musket to a present arms, and the brigade -cheered as long as they were in sight. - -The writer has taken much pains to gather from eyewitnesses incidents -of these eventful days in the history of our city, but with little -success. It is astonishing how few people took note, or, if they did, -can narrate the small incidents which would be so interesting to the -present generation. The main and patent facts they remember well, -but the official reports and newspapers preserve them to us very -accurately. What is wanted, and what was the prime aim of this paper, -is the preservation of those traditional facts which give a reality -to history which historic papers cannot impart. Little aid has been -rendered in this respect, though many letters have been written asking -it, and many personal applications made to those who might, with a -little trouble, have reproduced from memory many of those incidents so -essential to the personal interest of such a sketch as this. - -Among the facts which have been preserved, it is pleasant to tell of -another soldier whose subsequent career was one in which every citizen -took pride. Young W.C. Folkes, the son of our late much respected -member of the Legislature from this city, Ed. J. Folkes, was at home -disabled by a wound which had carried away one of his legs. Though -far from recovered, he seized his crutch and a musket and started out -to the lines, taking with him our townsman, Mr. E.C. Hamner, then -not sixteen years old. The two marched out to the furthermost line, -and there did a soldier's duty under fire all day. Young Folkes, -after the war, studied law at the University of Virginia and then -moved to Memphis, Tennessee, where he soon rose to the front rank -in his profession, and, while yet a young man, was elevated to the -Supreme bench of the State, where, after a few years of distinguished -usefulness, he died, beloved and respected in his adopted as well as -his native State. - -The last incident shows the spirit of the boys. But the old men on that -day were boys also. Mr. Mike O'Connell was over eighty years of age. -He went out with the Silver Grays. His company was placed on the inner -line, but with his long rifle he marched out to the skirmish line and -kept up a constant fire on the enemy all day, though himself under a -heavy fire. - -The writer of this sketch was, he regrets to say, in another part -of the Army of Northern Virginia at this time, and therefore can -give nothing from his own experience. He was, however, in constant -correspondence with his wife, who wrote him very full accounts of all -that happened. Unfortunately all her letters on this subject, but one, -have been lost; one extract from that may be worth inserting. It is -dated Tuesday, June 21, 1864: - - "I received three letters from you, for all of which you must accept - my thanks. It was amusing to me in reading those of the 17th and 19th - to see how little idea you had of the stirring times through which we - were passing at Lynchburg. - - "On Monday, the 13th, we begun to fear that Hunter would make - Lynchburg his point of attack, but it was not a definite fear until we - heard of his being in Lexington, and that he was turning this way. On - Thursday, the 16th, we heard of his being at Liberty, marching in this - direction, and then all was excitement and apprehension. - - "General Breckinridge, with some troops, got here on Wednesday night, - and as we saw them passing out West street, it was a most reassuring - sight, and never were a lot of bronzed and dirty looking veterans, - many of them barefooted, more heartily welcomed. The streets were - lined with women, waving their handkerchiefs and cheering them on as - they moved out to a line on the hills west of the city. We were made - more hopeful also by the knowledge that General Early, with several - brigades, was at Charlottesville, en route to reinforce the small - command of Breckinridge. He arrived with some of his troops on the - evening of Friday, the 17th, but could do little more than get what he - had into position. On Saturday, the 18th, more of Early's men came, - and it was a delightful sound to hear their cheers as they passed out - to the lines. Eugene was among them, and seemed to delight in the - chance of making a fight right at home. - - "Saturday, the 18th, was a day we will not soon forget. There was no - general engagement until about three o'clock, but a constant cannonade - and heavy skirmishing went on all day. Our lines were out near and in - Spring Hill Cemetery; the enemy's further out. Their skirmish line was - in Mr. John B. Lee's yard, where a number were killed by our cannon. - I went out on College Hill and watched the fighting much of the time. - It was very exciting to see the cannon fire from both sides and the - explosion of the shells on the opposite side. It was fascinating - beyond description. I could see our troops moving and taking new - positions, and could see the Yankee batteries doing the same thing, - and then the fearful reality of the scene was forced upon me by the - line of ambulances which were kept busy bringing our wounded into town. - - "Colonel Floyd King called at our house and told me, on Friday - night, that we should put our most valuable things in the cellar for - protection, and should stay down there ourselves. Many things were - carried into the basement, including the pictures, china, silver, - etc., etc., but we did not go there to sleep, thinking it was time - enough to do so when the shells actually commenced to fly. Our people, - of course, were very much excited, but, on the whole, behaved very - well, and with more coolness than I had anticipated. I had so much to - do I did not have time to be scared, though I was deeply anxious. The - sight of the familiar faces of the veterans as they marched through - our streets, reassured me entirely. Early got his men into line on - Saturday evening, but for some reason I do not understand did not - attack, and the next morning the coward, Hunter, was gone. Early at - once started after him, but has not yet overtaken him, we hear. - - "Our people criticise Early with much bitterness for not attacking - Saturday, but I think we ought to be only too glad we got through - safely without the hazard of a battle. Eugene had the headquarters of - his sharpshooters at one time in the cemetery, close by his father's - grave. He went on, of course, with his command. It was a great relief - when we heard that Hunter was gone. Mother stood it remarkably well. - She was, of course, very anxious about Eugene, as she would hear the - booming of the cannon, but she kept up her nerve and spirits. - - "Hunter's headquarters were at old Major Hutter's. He told them that - he proposed to capture or burn Lynchburg. Major Hutter was of course, - politely treated while Hunter was there, but after he and some of his - generals who were with him had left the house, other officers and men - robbed it--robbing Miss Hutter's chamber of her clothing and other - valuables. Many wounded were left in Major Hutter's yard; indeed, - the flight was so rapid that all but the slightly wounded were left - behind, together with many small arms and some cannon. Early may - not have done all he might have done, but, certain it is, Hunter's - whole campaign seems to have been a farce. He was gallant when there - was no enemy, and a coward when they were in sight. He burned the - Military Institute, which was not even garrisoned by boys, and set - fire to Governor Letcher's house, which only a woman protected. If the - 'bravest are the tenderest,' how true it is that the cowards are the - cruelest. The renegade, David R. Strother (Porte Crayon), was with - Hunter as one of his staff at Major Hutter's. Another traitor to his - State, his name and his race. - - "The soldiers who came up with Early gave the most distressing - accounts of the condition of affairs in Louisa County, where the - Yankee raids have done so much harm to the unprotected. They say the - desolation is so great that as they marched through the women and - children flocked to the road for something to eat, and would grasp - eagerly all the bits of cold corn-bread they could spare them from - their haversacks. Is it not horrible to think of?" - -A remarkable incident happened in connection with the depredation of -Hunter's troops at Lexington. When the corps of cadets was ordered to -leave the Institution on the approach of Hunter, they deposited their -trunks in the residences of neighboring gentlemen for safe keeping. - -Young Mr. Carter H. Harrison, of Staunton, was then a cadet, and, with -several others, put his trunk at Professor Campbell's to save it. When -the battle was over at Lynchburg and Hunter was gone, the cadets were -not put in the chasing column, but were relieved from further active -duty. Mr. Harrison, with others of the corps, went to the battle-field, -and during his inspection visited the field hospital where the wounded -of the enemy were being cared for by our surgeons. He noticed one man -who was badly wounded in the leg, and whose pantaloons were ripped up -that the surgeon might more easily dress the wound. As Harrison looked -at the soldier he observed his own initials on his socks, and upon -further investigation discovered that all the man's underclothes were -similarly marked and all belonged to him, and were a part of those he -had left in his trunk at Professor Campbell's. - -The man confessed that they had looted Professor Campbell's house, and -that the underwear was part of the booty. Arrangements were made by -which possession followed the legal title. - -It is needless to attempt to describe the anxiety of the citizens -as Hunter approached, heralded by the accounts of his vandalism at -Lexington and on his march. Until their nerves were restored by the -arrival of Breckinridge's little army of some fifteen hundred men -and the guns of Berkeley and W.S. Lurty's battery, every woman and -non-combatant was actively engaged in hiding silver, jewels, provisions -and other valuables--generally putting them in the very place where -skilled looters would be sure to go in search. Many things were put -away at that time which have never been found since, and never will be. -The anxiety of the hiders so affected their memory that the place of -hiding was forgotten. - -As soon as hope was restored by the appearance of additional troops, -the energies of the women were directed to the effort of giving food -to the hungry and travel-worn troops whose arrival had brought them -so much comfort. While the cannon were booming over the hills of the -suburbs and the fierce rattle of contending musketry could be heard, -our women were bending over the fires cooking rations for the men in -the lines, or scraping lint and rolling bandages for the wounded. -The first ray of hope restored confidence, and the inhabitants of -Londondery or Leyden were not more calm or heroic, or more actively -engaged in doing all in their power for defence, than were these women -and the old men, who were the only other inhabitants of the city left. - -The old men, with such weapons as they could procure of every variety -of style, were in the trenches across the plateau now known as -Rivermont, ready to sacrifice their lives in protecting their loved -ones and their homes from the marauding troops which were advancing -with a devastating purpose, long since abandoned as unfit for civilized -warfare. Thus men and women alike braced themselves for the great -struggle, and, though not put to the final test, were calm, collected -and brave in the supreme moment when the enemy were thundering at -our gates. This fact is one of which the city may well be proud, and -should stimulate coming generations to emulate the example of their -forefathers. - - * * * * * - -The Garland-Rodes Camp has induced the preparation of these pages, that -the truths of history may be preserved from that oblivion to which -human memory consigns all details dependent upon it. It is their duty, -indeed it is the duty of every citizen of the whole State and of every -part of it, to garner up the facts connected with our heroic struggle -and to so preserve them that they shall become the well-established -traditions of our people. Such traditions are a part of the wealth of a -race. They both elevate and stimulate succeeding generations. By them -a high national character is established, and under their influence -that species of patriotism is engendered whence springs the glorious -sentiment, - - "_Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori_." - -The fires of patriotism do not burn most fiercely where the land is -most productive, or where wealth most accumulates. Nations which have -owned broad savannahs upon which nature has been most lavish have often -been driven from their country with little show of manly courage and -without that zealous patriotism which creates heroes, while the peasant -of Switzerland and the cottager of the Highlands, neither of whom can -afford greater luxuries than oatmeal and goat's milk, have held their -vales and their fastnesses for centuries against all odds. To them -each dell has its story of valiant deeds of their forefathers and each -mountain is crowned by traditions which tell of the great achievements -of their race. For dells and mountains thus sanctified by the glories -of the past, the peasant and the lord of the manor alike are willing to -die. It was their love for the stories and romance of their race which -sustained the nerve of the Swiss Guards in the discharge of their duty -to the King when, without a faltering nerve, one by one they sunk under -the blows of the infuriated Jacobins of Paris, and well won the grand -inscription to their courage on the Lion of Lucerne. A like love was -the foundation of the wonderful heroism of the Highlanders at Lucknow -and of the Scotch who climbed the Heights of Abraham at Quebec. So it -was their love for the historic memories of Virginia which nerved the -courage of that dauntless division which, under a fire never before -poured on line of battle, reached the brow of the hill at Gettysburg. - -By gathering the traditions of the Highlands and thus perpetuating -them, Scott has done a great work for Scotland. Others have done the -same thing for England. It is for this generation to gather the same -wealth for Virginia. Thus will the history of her people, of her -valleys, her rivers and her mountains, be preserved and the facts be -secured to generations yet to come which, when mellowed by time, will -be perpetuated in story, in poetry and in song. - -Thus and thus only can we keep Virginia and her people on the elevated -plane upon which they have stood for centuries, and thus can we make -her, in the future, the land of poetry and romance. It is Wallace -and Tell who are the heroes of the poet and the novelist, not the -commanders of the great forces with which they contended. In the far -future many a novel, many a poem and many a song will tell of Lee, of -Jackson, of Stuart and of Mosby--ideal heroes of romance--long after -the names of the leaders who fought them will be mere facts in the -prosaic history of the power of the greater to overcome the less. - -It is not our duty to weep over the past or to bemoan the fate which -resulted in the final overthrow of the Confederacy; nor should we do -anything to keep alive the bitterness of that strife. On the contrary, -it is our duty to bow to the logic of what has happened and to believe -in the wisdom of the all-wise Director of the affairs of nations and -of peoples; but it is also our duty to see to it that what is good -and great be preserved, and that our children and children's children -keep green the traditions which will nerve them to a higher courage -and stimulate them to a generous emulation of the deeds of their -forefathers. - - - - -APPENDIX. - -LYNCHBURG COMPANIES IN THE SERVICE OF THE CONFEDERACY, 1861-'65. - - -The Rifle Grays, Company A, Eleventh Regiment Virginia Volunteers: - - _First Captain_, M.S. Langhorne. - _Second Captain_, G.W. Latham. - _Third Capt._, Robt. M. Mitchell, Jr. - _First Lieut._, G.W. Latham. - _First Lieut._, John W. Daniel. - _Second Lieut._, Robt. M. Mitchell, Jr. - _Second Lieut._, H.C. Chalmers. - _Second Lieut._, James O. Thurman. - _First Sergt._, Joseph A. Kennedy. - _Second Sergt._, Elcano Fisher. - _Third Sergt._, Henry D. Hall. - _Fourth Sergt._, Peter B. Akers. - _First Corp._, Geo. T. Wightman. - _Second Corp._, Samuel R. Miller. - _Third Corp._, Lucas Harvey. - _Fourth Corp._, Jas. O. Thurman, Jr. - - -PRIVATES. - - Allman, William H. - Akers, William L. - Bailey, James H. - Bailey, James W. - Benson, Henry G. - Brown, Leslie C. - Beckwith, Henry C. - Burroughs, Henry A. - Ballard, James F. - Bagby, George W. - Cheatham, Thos. F. - Cochran, Robert L. - Cooney, Thomas. - Camp, Albert G. - Crumpton, James A. - Crumpton, Joseph A. - Clinkenbeard, Wm. E. - Conklen, Thomas A. - Connolly, Jerry M. - Devine, Frank. - Diuguid, Edward S. - Davis, Thomas N. - Delano, Joseph S. - Dady, David. - Evans, William H. - Edwards, James M. - Elam, H.F. - Feyle, Frank H. - Fulks, James W. - Frances, Joseph M. - Furry, William H. - Gooldy, John F. - Henry, Charles W. - Henry, John L. - Harvey, Charles C. - Hollins, John G. - Hollins, James E. - Heybrook, L.G. - Hersman, Wm. B. - Hunt, William R. - Johnson, Shelbry. - Jones, William B. - Jones, Charles J. - Kennedy, Michael. - Kidd, George W. - Latham, Robert F. - Linkenhoker, Sam'l. - Mitchell, John R. - Mitchell, T. Holcomb. - Mitchell, John J. - Mitchell, William H. - McKinney, Sam'l H. - McCrary, Wm. B. - Marks, James L. - Milstead, William. - McDivitt, C.P. - Norris, Michael A. - Norvell, Otway B. - Omohundro, T.A. - Porter, Thomas D. - Pendleton, William. - Price, N. Leslie. - Parrish, Booker S. - Pugh, Charles E. - Peters, John I. - Rucker, Edward P. - Raine, John R. - Robertson, Thomas D. - Rainey, Charles W. - Rogers, James B. - Rock, John J. - Rector, Thomas S. - Sims, Robert F. - Sewell, George W. - Stubbs, Robert F. - Stewart, Philip H. - Slagle, John H. - Slagle, David H. - Sholes, Thomas C. - Stewart, Stephen P. - Stabler, Thomas S. - Shepherd, Joseph H. - Tyree, Charles H. - Taylor, William H. - Thurman, Powhatan. - Turner, John H. - Truxall, Andrew J. - Tyree, Wm. D.R. - Tyree, John R. - Taliaferro, Rhoderick. - Torrence, William H. - Victor, Henry C. - Wren, Peter R. - Warfield, Thomas. - Williams, William H. - - -Lynchburg Rifles, Company E, Eleventh Regiment Virginia Volunteers: - - _First Captain_, J.E. Blankenship. - _Second Captain_, C.V. Winfree. - _Third Captain_, John C. Ward. - _First Lieutenant_, C.V. Winfree. - _First Lieutenant_, James W. Wray. - _Second Lieutenant_, W.A. Strother. - _Second Lieut._, W.M. Taliaferro. - _Lieutenant_, John P. Knight. - _Lieutenant_, Walter R. Abbott. - _Lieutenant_, Adolphus D. Read. - _Lieutenant_, Charles H. Tyree. - _Lieutenant_, George P. Norvell. - _First Sergeant_, W.R. Abbott. - _Sergeant_, John C. Ward. - _Sergeant_, A.D. Read. - _Sergeant_, James W. Wray. - _Sergeant_, Thomas Keenan. - _Sergeant_, E.G. Williams. - _Sergeant_, William M. Seay. - _Sergeant_, John L. Marion. - _Corporal_, J.H. Shepperd. - _Corporal_, John Lovett. - _Corporal_, D.M. Pettigrew. - _Corporal_, Thomas H. Love. - _Corporal_, John Kelly. - _Corporal_, John R. Holt. - _Corporal_, John Lovett. - _Corporal_, W.P. Whitlow. - - -PRIVATES. - - Anderson, Thos. N. - Atkinson, John. - Butterworth, John M. - Butterworth, Wm. W. - Bradley, Winfree. - Brown, F.M. - Brown, Hillary. - Burks, Paulus Powell. - Burks, S.C. - Bailey, Samuel D. - Bailey, Thomas D. - Coffee, William H. - Colvin, Howard H. - Colvin, William O. - Colvin, Robert O. - Clark, C.C. - Clark, C.B. - Clark, R.C. - Carey, John H. - Carey, James. - Day, Thomas E. - Davis, Arthur P. - Davis, T.D. - Dunnivant, William. - Evans, T.F. - Equi, Joseph. - Elder, Hiram P. - Farriss, William. - Fortune, William. - Foster, William E. - Grant, Bluford. - Gaulding, T. Henry. - Gregory, Edward S. - Gregory, N.H. - Goins, James. - Gilbert, George W. - Gilbert, William. - Gilbert, Thomas. - Hart, Patrick S. - Haines, Robert L. - Hurt, Samuel. - Hickey, Patrick H. - Hendricks, James. - Howard, John. - Houston, Francis R. - Hudgins, James L. - Hancock, W.T. - Jones, Charles T. - Jenkins, J. Samuel. - Johnson, Charles Y. - Kayton, J. Patrick. - Lawhorne, Delaware. - Lawhorne, James H. - Lawhorne, Lorenzo. - Lawhorne, Lucas P. - Lipscomb, Charles P. - Moore, Thomas H. - Miller, James M. - Mann, Daniel. - Milstead, Benjamin. - Marshall, John W. - Marshall, James. - Marshall, Charles. - Marshall, David B. - Myers, William. - McCarthy, Patrick. - Nangle, Edward A. - Neville, Lewis C. - Noell, James H. - Pettus, John E. - Patrim, William A. - Paris, Thomas H. - Parr, John E. - Padgett, J.J. - Parker, Joseph A. - Roberts, Charles R. - Rucker, Jackson. - Rockecharlie, V. - Strause, Simon. - Stewart, William H. - Simpson, Charles W. - Searson, Thomas. - Sullivan, Michael. - Spillan, Patrick. - Smith, George W. - Smith, John G. - Smith, Thomas. - Smith, Robert H. - Smith, James. - Thomas, Andrew J. - Taylor, William. - Taylor, Burley T. - Trent, George W. - Turner, G. Kempton. - Turski, Francois. - Ward, James S. - Williamson, L.C. - Wooldridge, Jas. R. - Wooldridge, Joseph. - Wright, Wm. Rich'd. - Wray, Ellis D. - Wills, John McD. - Walker, J.S.L. - Wray, Thomas C. - - -Home Guard, Company G, Eleventh Regiment, Virginia Volunteers: - - _First Capt._, Samuel Garland, Jr. - _Second Capt._, Kirkwood Otey. - _Third Captain_, J. Holmes Smith. - _First Lieut._, K. Otey. - _Second Lieut._, J.G. Meem. - _Third Lieut._, S.M. Simpson. - _Ord. Sergeant_, J.L. Meem. - _Third Sergt._, W.J.H. Hawkins. - _Sergeant_, J.C. Johnson. - _Color Sergeant_, William Sanford. - _Fifth Sergeant_, B.L. Blackford. - _Corporal_, C.D. Hamner. - _Corporal_, John K. Seabury. - _Corporal_, J.H. Smith. - _Corporal_, Hugh Nelson. - _Surgeon_, Benjamin Blackford. - - -PRIVATES. - - Abrahams, H.J. - Adams, R.H.T. - Akers, E.A. - Armistead, James. - Apperson, R.F. - Anderson, John G. - Ballowe, T.H. - Barnes, C.F. - Blackford, W.H. - Booth, S.C. - Brugh, J.B. - Burks, E.W. - Button, R.P. - Burch, Samuel. - Cabell, Breck. - Cabell, P.H. - Cabell, S. - Campbell, Wiley. - Colhoun, Robert. - Conley, John. - Cosby, C.V. - Creed, J.J. - Cross, J.H. (K.) - Crumpacker, John. - Dowdy, T.N. - Dabney, H. - DeWitt, C. - Eubank, E.N. - Franklin, James, Jr. - Franklin, P.H. - Ford, William A. - Gregory, W.S. - Guggenheimer, M. Jr. - Guy, D.C. - Goggin, John P. - Harris, H.V. - Harris, Meade. - Hawkins, S.M. - Holland, William. - Ivey, J.W. - Jennings, J.H. - Jennings, T.D., Jr. - Johnson, Minor. - Kean, R.G.H. - Kinnear, James F. - Kinnear, James O. - Kabler, N. - Kreuttner, Joseph. - Kent, J.R. - Lee, John A. - Lavinder, G.T. - Langhorne, C.D. - Leckie, M.M. - Lewis, John H. - Lucado, L.F. - Lyman, G.R. - Lydick, James H. - Lydick, D. - Mayer, Max L. - McCorkle, C. - Miller, A.H. - Moseley, C.A. - Moorman, S.L. - Mosby, L.C. - Nelson, W.S. - Nowlin, A.W. - Oglesby, John. - Page, C.H. - Percival, C.D. - Pierce, R.C. - Peters, R.T. - Preston, L.P. - Preston, S.D. - Preston, T.L. - Salmons, G.J. - Sears, J.R. - Shelton, G.W. - Simpson, T.H. - Snead, W.B. - Spencer, C.S. - Stratton, A.B. - Sumpter, John U.H. - Shaver, W.H. - Taliaferro, Van. - Terry, A.W.C. - Thompson, J.H. - Toot, W.A. - Trigg, W.K. - Valentine, Joseph. - Waldron, R.L. - Watkins, R.W. - Walsh, T.C. - Woods, W.H.H. - Wheeler, J.M. - - -Jefferson Davis Rifles, Company H, Eleventh Regiment, Virginia -Volunteers: - - _Captain_, J. Risque Hutter. - _First Lieut._, William L. Goggin. - _First Lieut._, William S. Hannah. - _Second Lieut._, James W. Hord. - _Second Lieut._, Ro. D. Early. - _First Sergeant_, Jas. O. Freeman. - _Second Sergeant_, S.B. Wright. - _Third Sergeant_, D.C. Wright. - _Fourth Sergeant_, Wm. S. Thayer. - _Fifth Sergeant_, Brandon P. Neville. - _First Corporal_, George L. Jesse. - _Second Corporal_, Geo. T. Mitchell. - _Third Corporal_, Pat. H. Rourke. - _Fourth Corporal_, Charles Schade. - - -PRIVATES. - - Akers, H.C. - Banton, Robert. - Banton, James H. - Banton, Richard. - Blanks, John N. - Blanks, Robert. - Burford, William. - Boland, John. - Brown, John C. - Cramer, A.W. - Callan, Dan. - Cunningham, Felix. - Davis, John R. - Davis, Thomas M. - Daniel, John. - Doyle, Henry. - Donatini, G. - Eagan, Gabriel. - Floyd, Alex. - Floyd, John J. - Floyd, Nathan D. - Flowers, Wm. P. - Flowers, Joseph W. - Fulks, Robert. - Fox, Edward. - Farrer, Robert. - Fitzgerald, Cyrus. - Fitzgerald, Ceyton L. - Gouldin, H.L. - Gouldin, William. - Geurtz, Peter. - Grossman, William. - Hanly, John. - Hurt, John H. - Humphrey, M.L. - Jones, Thomas. - Kyle, Benjamin M. - Labby, M.H. - Lavinder, James. - McCormack, L. - McCormick, S. - McCormack, Wm. - McCormack, Wm. D. - Mitchell, Richard H. - Micalany, Peter. - Musgrove, Franklin. - Myers, Samuel W. - Oliver, Pleasant. - O'Brien, Michael. - Rucker, George W. - Rucker, Paulus G. - Reynolds, James. - Reynolds, John H. - Rodgers, George W. - Rider, William. - Still, Thomas. - Stanly, Joseph. - Stanly, D.W. - Singleton, William H. - Seay, Isaac. - Seay, Richard. - Sprouse, Samuel. - Turner, Charles. - Whitten, James. - White, John W. - - -Wise Troop, Company B, Second Regiment Virginia Cavalry: - - _First Capt._, John S. Langhorne. - _Second Capt._, Chas. M. Blackford. - _Third Capt._, George B. Horner. - _Fourth Capt._, William Steptoe. - _First Lieut._, C.M. Blackford. - _Second Lieut._, Van R. Otey. - _Second Lieut._, Wm. H. Stratton. - _Second Lieut._, A.D. Warwick. - _Second Lieut._, John Alexander. - _Second Lieut._, John O. Thornhill. - _Second Lieut._, J.P. Robertson. - _Lieutenant_, R.B. Isbell. - _First Sergt._, William Langhorne. - _First Sergt._, Robert W. Lacy. - _Second Sergt._, E.G. Scott. - _Second Sergt._, John S. Massie. - _Third Sergt._, A.S. Watson. - _Fourth Sergt._, W.B. Cross. - _Sergeant_, M.B. Langhorne. - _Sergeant_, C. Christian. - _Sergeant_, James Chalmers. - _Sergeant_, John T. Luckett. - _Corporal_, S.M. Alexander. - _Corporal_, C.V. Donohue. - _Corporal_, F.M. Stone. - - -PRIVATES. - - Abbott, J.P. - Akers, E.A. - Alexander, E.A. - Allen, T.W. - Barnes, A.J. - Barnes, E.F. - Bays, John R. - Berkley, Joseph. - Bibb, John R. - Boiling, W.R. - Bowman, N.B. - Boyd, Andrew. - Boyd, James. - Bradley, William. - Brook, St. George T. - Browning, C.P. - Browning, John. - Callahan, J.E. - Carnefix, E.M. - Caruthers, John. - Clay, D.C. - Coles, John. - Cox, John C. - Cox, P.S. - Cox, Samuel. - Cox, Thad. - Crumpton, Robert. - Dameron, C.D. - Dobyns, Joe. - Dunnington, V.G. - Early, S.H. - Edwards, J.E. - Edwards, J.T. - Edwards, W.P.M. - Eubank, W.E.J. - Everett, H.B. - Fariss, J. - Flemming, F.W. - Flood, Thomas W. - Floyd, Charles A. - Godsey, F.M. - Green, Charles. - Green, John L. - Hammerling, C.D. - Holley, W.E. - Hunt, H.C. - Ingram, J.R. - Irvine, W.A. - Jones, J.W. - Kasey, J.B. - Kefauver, William. - Kemper, Hugh. - Kinnear, George A. - Kinnear, John A. - Kinnear, William. - Langhorne, J. Kent. - Lawson, Joe. - Lawson, S.M. - Leake, F.M. - Leman, A.H. - Lewis, John C. - Lock, Daniel. - Love, A.D. - Love, S.A. - Love, T.H. - Lucado, William F. - Luck, Henry. - Mays, C.J. - Mays, C. Richard. - Mays, H.H. - McCorkle, S.M. - Meriweather, C.J. - Mitchell, J.E. - Moore, Sampson. - Morgan, J.H. - Norvell, Charles. - Offterdinger, Herman. - Palmer, C.F. - Percival, George. - Perrigo, George. - Perriman, William P. - Pettyjohn, S.W. - Phelps, J.C.W. - Purvis, W.C. - Read, John A. - Roberts, H.T. - Rucker, James G. - Sale, J.E. - Seabury, E.C. - Seabury, R.M. - Seabury, W.J. - Sherrar, John C. - Smith, John Thomas. - Smith, William N. - Sneed, S. Emmitt. - Spencer, W.R. - Stone, Frank. - Sullivan, Dennis. - Sumpter, S.R. - Taylor, John O. - Taylor, O.P. - Taylor, Thomas P. - Thurman, Alexander. - Thurman, Powhatan. - Toler, W.D. - Tucker, Willis. - Tyree, Kichard. - Wall, Thomas. - Watson, W.H. - Whitlow, W.H. - Witt, J.C. - Woodruff, A.M. - Wright, J.L. - - -Lee Battery, Company A, Braxton's Battalion, Virginia Artillery: - - _First Captain_, Pierce B. Anderson. - _Second Captain_, Charles J. Raine. - _Third Capt._, Wm. W. Hardwicke. - _First Lieutenant_, C.W. Statham. - _Second Lieut._, Chas. J. Raine. - _Second Lieut._, John R. Massey. - _Second Lieut._, W.W. Hardwicke. - _Second Lieut._, William Early. - _Second Lieut._, W.H. Hughes. - _Second Lieut._, James Hughes. - _First Sergeant_, W.H. Broyles. - _Second Sergeant_, Thos. Franklin. - _Third Sergeant_, Wm. Eads. - _Fourth Sergeant_, Thos. Wood. - _Orderly Sergeant_, Alex. East. - - -PRIVATES. - - Alvis, Sam. - Brooks, William. - Brooks, James. - Brooks, T.S. - Brooks, Thomas. - Bowman, John. - Bransom, Jackson. - Bateman, Sam. - Broyles, Samuel A. - Cregg, Callahan. - Caldwell, Archer. - Cox, John. - Coleman, Singleton. - Coleman, George. - Coffee, Thomas. - Castillo, Patrick. - Depriest, William. - Davidson, Benj. - Dunn, Samuel. - Donivan, William. - East, William. - Eads, Thomas. - Eads, Joe. - Eads, Samuel. - Friedhoff, Hammond. - Fletcher, Lucian. - Falwell, John. - Gowin, James. - Gowin, John. - Gowin, Sam. - Gaddess, John B. - Green, Charles. - Goolsby, Joshua. - Grubs, William. - Goolsby, Louis. - Green, John. - Hyman, Henry. - Hugus, Benj. - Hughes, James. - Johnson, Charles. - Johnson, Thomas. - Johnson, Joseph. - Kersey, William. - Kersey, James. - Kinlock, William. - Kirsey, Edward. - Lynch, John. - Lipscomb, Wm. - Layne, Wm. - Mays, Alonzo. - Milstead, Frank. - Mitchell, William. - Manning, John. - Moraity, Patrick. - Norvell, George. - Norvell, Marion. - Purdue, Josiah. - Purdue, Benj. - Phelps, William. - Plumb, Louis. - Roach, William. - Roach, James. - Rider, Isaiah. - Rule, Peter. - Robinson, James. - Robinson, Turner. - Richey, James. - Rock, George. - Raine, James. - Stewart, William. - Sprouts, William. - Sprouts, Henry. - Shepard, Joseph. - Shepard, Richard. - Smith, Joseph. - Stanley, William. - Stanley, William, Jr. - Sharp, William. - Sharp, Henry. - Seay, James. - Turner, Wm. R. - Turpin, Riley. - Taylor, James. - Trent, Benj. - Walker, Reese. - Walker, John. - Walker, William. - Whorley, William. - Wood, Patrick. - Wright, William. - Woolridge, Richard. - Woolridge, Peter. - Woolridge, Beverly. - Woolridge, Daniel. - - - Beauregard Rifles (afterward Beauregard Artillery, or Moorman's - Battery), mustered into service at Lynchburg, Va., May 11, 1861: - - _First Capt._, Marcellus N. Moorman. - _Second Capt._, John J. Shoemaker. - _First Lieut._, Blake L. Woodson. - _Second Lieut._, Ferd. C. Hutter. - _Third Lieut._, Joseph B. Smith. - _First Sergt._, Charles R. Phelps. - _Second Sergt._, Jno. J. Shoemaker. - _Third Sergt._, James K. Read. - _Fourth Sergt._, Ed. H. Moorman. - _First Corp._, Henry D. Yancey. - _Sec'd Corp._, Aug. Leftwich (K). - _Third Corp._, Charles L. Burch. - _Fourth Corp._, John Hurley. - - -PRIVATES. - - Burkholder, Robt. C. - Boyd, James M. - Boyd, Charles A. - Boyd, Edward D. - Brown, Samuel H. - Brown, William R. - Burford, William E. - Burford, William C. - Burford, Archer L. - Burch, Thomas P. - Boydton, Wm. Shelley. - Bradley, James M. - Cobbs, James A. - Cary, John. - Cullen, Thomas P. - Clopton, William A. - Christian, John S. - Coffee, William W. - Dornin, Anthony E. - Derr, Charles H. - Edmondson, John T. - Edwards, John T. - Fitzgerald, Wm. N. - Farmer, Calvin. - Fisher, G.W. - Furgerson, Stephen B. - Fitch, Charles. - Fariss, Richard. - Green, George W.L. - Gordon, Samuel A. - Hanks, Peter D. - Hamlett, Robert A. - Isbell, David D. - Johnson, William R. - Jones, McK. W. - Jones, John D. - Kinnear, George A. - Logan, Henry D. - Loose, William. - Morris, Charles W. - Morris, William A. - Murphy, Walter B. - Murphy, Albert E. - Meredith, Samuel A. - Mundy, Zachary N. - Mayo, Leonard. - Marx, William. - Miller, Robert R. - Morford, William P. - Moore, Joseph. - Marshall, Hunter. - Meadow, T.P. - Mauck, Peter D. - McDonald, Alex. - McMaster, John. - McGrath, John. - McAlister, Robt. C. - Nunnalee, Lewis T. - North, Clayton. - Pamplin, William J. - Poindexter, G.H. - Percival, Peter. - Pettyjohn, Charles. - Pettyjohn, Joseph. - Pettyjohn, Jesse N. - Preston, Samuel T. - Padgett, Radford H. - Perkins, Richard J. - Quinlan, Edward. - Rucker, James G. - Ritchey, Harvie F. - Reid, William S. - Read, John A. - Rose, Harry J. - Rosser, Ed. B. - Steptoe, Nathan'l M. - Smithson, Leslie C. - Stephens, James D. - Stephens, James W. - Slaughter, John A. - Stratton, Albert F. - Stratton, Jacob. - Smith, Vincent C. - Schaffter, Aurelius. - Turpin, W.R. - Vorhauer, William. - Watts, Richard A. - Wood, John F. - Webb, John W. - Woodroof, Suprey C. - Woodroof, J.W. - Wooling, Henry B. - Wills, Alexander F. - Whitten, A.E. - Williams, Chas. W. - Yeatman, Thos. R. - - -Latham's Battery, Company D, Thirty-Eighth Virginia Battalion: - - _First Captain_, H. Grey Latham. - _Second Captain_, James Dearing. - _Third Captain_, Jos. G. Blount. - _Fourth Captain_, J.W. Dickerson. - _First Lieut._, Geo. S. Davidson. - _First Lieut._, Jas. W. Dickerson. - _First Lieut._, T.F. Richardson. - _First Lieut._, J.L. Thompson. - _Second Lieut._, W.J. Folkes. - _Second Lieut._, L. Clark Leftwich. - _Second Lieut._, William King. - _Second Lieut._, Chas. A. Taylor. - _Second Lieut._, J.L. Thompson. - _Second Lieut._, Jos. G. Blount. - _Second Lieut._, W.H. Blackwell. - _Second Lieut._, N.H. Hazlewood. - _Sergeant_, C.A. Taylor. - _Sergeant_, S.R. Lampkin. - _Sergeant_, G.W. Apperson. - _Sergeant_, M.L. Percival. - _Corporal_, Wm. P. Taliaferro. - _Corporal_, J.B. Ley. - _Corporal_, R.J. Rice. - _Drummer_, James Chenault. - - -PRIVATES. - - Allen, A. - Blackwell, Wm. H. - Biby, George W. - Coleman, Clifton L. - Carndea, William. - Cox, William F. - Camden, Samuel H. - Cullen, J.W. - Creasy, James F. - Coleman, R.H. - Chavers, J.L. - Camden, William. - Chenault, C.O. - Day, C.R. - Davidson, F.M. - Dickell, Charles. - Dayton, E.T. - Dowdy, James M. - Fields, Leon. - Fat, George F. - Godsey, Frank. - Goff, Thomas. - Gilliam, James D. - Gilliam, Wm. A. - Gilliam, Cornelius. - Graham, Thomas. - Hughes, Hugh. - Hickey, Daniel. - Heckworth, L.C. - Hughes, T.N. - Kendall, George E. - Kennady, John. - Laine, J.H. - Lindsey, W. - McGuley, J.B. - McCanna, James. - McCreary, Daniel. - McCreary, John W. - Moore, W.S. - Moore, Jere. - Moseley, G.W. - Marks, T.V. - Mason, J.N. - Mays, James W. - Oliver, William H. - O'Brien, Wm. A. - Owen, J.B. - Perry, J.G. - Padgett, George. - Pettit, E.D. - Phelps, Thomas. - Perry, C.M. - Phelps, Jos. M. - Phelps, J.B. - Patteson, W.H. - Read, William. - Reynolds, Benj. - Ross, Thomas. - Radley, John. - Richardson, T.F. - Robinson, A.P. - Stanley, George W. - Sumpter, A. McK. - Spencer, Albert. - Spencer, Wm. A. - Spencer, James. - Thompson, J.L. - Tibbe, John A. - Torgee, Geo. W. - Wicker, R.T. - Wicker, William. - Wyatt, C.N. - Woolridge, M.W. - Walden, E.H. - Wright, G.R. - Woolridge, Peter W. - Wright, C.L. - Viar, Jacob. - - -Davidson's Battery, Company C, Thirteenth Virginia Battalion: - - _First Captain_, Geo. S. Davidson. - _Second Capt._, J.H. Chamberlayne. - _First Lieut._, John A. Elliott. - _First Lieut._, Joseph Lawson. - _First Lieut._, St. Geo. R. Fitzhugh. - _Second Lieut._, W.T. Oliver. - _Second Lieut._, John T. Johnson. - _Second Lieut._, Thos. W. Powell. - _Second Lieut._, James C. Otey. - _Second Lieut._, Robert Ellett. - _Second Lieut._, Joseph Cohn. - _Second Lieut._, W. Roane Ruffin. - _First Sergeant_, James C. Otey. - _Second Sergt._, D.M.D. Smithson. - _Third Sergeant_, Ed. J. Duffield. - _Fourth Sergeant_, Wm. A. Ballard. - _Fifth Sergt._, Christopher C. Boyd. - _Fifth Sergeant_, James L. Wood. - _Corporal_, John J. Smith. - _Corporal_, Joseph Cohn. - _Corporal_, John R. Daniel. - _Corporal_, Wm. W. Omohundro. - - -PRIVATES. - - Alvis, G.E. - Alvis, J.T. - Allen, William. - Ballard, John. - Brooks, Custus. - Briggs, Geo. L. - Bryant, John J. - Broyles, John J. - Childress, Wm. T. - Callahan, Hezekiah L. - Callahan, John. - Dunbar, Geo. W. - Davidson, Ellis C. - Doss, Robert H. - Daniel, John R. - Day, John R. - Driskill, John R. - Echols, Wm. C. - Echols, Thomas. - Eika, Frederick. - Fulks, Marshall. - Freeman, Leroy. - Foster, James. - Frye, Ferd. K. - Frye, Wm. H. - Graham, Samuel. - Gilliam, Robert. - Glenn, Richard. - Hunter, Nehemiah H. - Holcomb, Henry. - Hannah, Robert M. - Hall, Samuel F. - Jones, W.W. - Jenkins, Obediah. - Johnson, Thos. H. - Keys, W.H. - Kelly, Robert. - Lewis, John R. - Layne, David S. - Loath, Julius. - Liggon, D.L. - Lawhorne, Thos. G. - Leonard, Wm. - Lloyd, Edward. - Manley, J.H. - Melton, John F. - Marsh, John W. - Marsh, Robert M. - Marsh, Peter M. - Martin, Samuel J. - Moore, Charles M. - Moore, Samuel F. - Moore, James H. - Moore, Richard. - McClintick, Robert. - Murry, Michael. - Morrison, John. - Miller, Wm. H. - Nowell, Robert H. - North, Adam. - Newell, Thomas. - Nelson, Robt. P. - Omohundro, John B. - Omohundro, Wm. W. - Peters, Jesse. - Plumb, Lewis. - Phelps, Charles. - Phelps, Charles R. - Phelps, John. - Phelps, Jos. E. - Perkinson, Henry. - Padgett, Callohill C. - Padgett, John W. - Padgett, R.B.F. - Pribble, Cornelius J. - Pribble, Frank C. - Powers, John. - Parson, John R. - Roberts, Richard. - Reynolds, John, Sr. - Reynold, Jno. J., Jr. - Reynolds, Fayette. - Rouke, Wm. O. - Richardson, S.M. - Stewart, Warren A. - Stewart, John P. - Stanley, Henry. - Shell, Landon H. - Seay, Peter. - Seay, Isaac. - Smith, John J. - Seaymour, Wm. S. - Thomas, W.T. - Thomas, Marcell. A. - Thomas, Wm. H. - Taylor, Wm. H. - Thayer, Robert. - Umphreys, Edward. - Waldron, Adel. - Wood, James L. - Wells, James M. - Whitten, Gustavus. - - -Heavy Artillery, Company C, Fourth Regiment Virginia Artillery: - - _First Capt._, Samuel D. Preston. - _Second Capt._, Thomas S. Preston. - _First Lieut._, Thomas S. Preston. - _Second Lieut._, Wm. H. Banton. - _Second Lieut._, John W. Davis. - _Second Lieut._, Stephen C. Perrow. - _Second Lieut._, Thomas A. Tibbs. - _Second Lieut._, F.J. Rockenbach. - _First Sergt._, Stephen C. Perrow. - _Second Sergt._, F.J. Rockenbach. - _Third Sergt._, John J. Linkinhoker. - _Fourth Sergt._, A.M. Davies. - _Fifth Sergt._, George W. Wyatt. - _Corporal_, William C. Mays. - _Corporal_, J.N. Haynes. - _Corporal_, Benj. H. Hawkins. - _Corporal_, Alfred D. Hickman. - - -PRIVATES. - - Brafford, Robert A. - Ballowe, W.A. - Bocock, S.R. - Brown, Bird. - Brown, Preston. - Bryant, Joseph. - Bryant, Lyman. - Butts, William R. - Crawford, William. - Cash, John I. - Campbell, W.A. - Cushwell, Thomas. - Cafflin, John W. - Dawson, Harry. - Dixon, John J. - Fitzgerald, Chas. J. - Fitzgerald, Geo. A. - Ford, Simeon W. - Goolsby, Paul A. - Grant, Paul H. - Grant, W.H. - Harris, A.W. - Hickman, Alex. - Hickman, Matthew A. - Holt, George W. - Hope, Robert. - Howard, John C. - Isenhower, James. - Isaacs, W.H. - Johnson, John J. - Johnson, Robert A. - Jones, James W. - Kenny, James M. - Kirby, W.R. - Lane, Edward. - Lingleton, W.R. - Maine, Isaac S. - Mays, Joshua B. - Mason, Benj. D. - McCormack, Caspar. - Moore, Gustavus. - Morris, George W. - Morris, N.D. - Morris, W.C. - Moxley, George W. - Oneman, N. Proffitt. - Perdew, John. - Phelps, James R. - Read, W.N. - Rice, D.C. - Selby, W.M. - Sasser, W.T. - Terry, E.S. - Thacker, D. - Tucker, C.D. - Tucker, C.H. - Tucker, William. - Thurman, Archibald. - Tollsy, J.H. - Turner, Thomas H. - Tyree, Augustus. - Vier, Edward. - Walker, George T. - Warren, Edward. - Wilkerson, Thomas. - Yuille, Philip P. - - -Lee's Body Guard, afterwards Company E, Thirty-ninth Battalion Virginia -Cavalry:[1] - - _Captain_, A.H. Pettigrew. - _First Lieutenant_, J.A. Armistead. - _Second Lieutenant_, Fred. Mitchell. - - -PRIVATES. - - Baber, John. - Bagby, Lilburn. - Couch, James M. - Craddock, David. - Chumbley, Joseph. - Christian, Nat. - Franklin, Thos. E. - Franklin, Samuel. - Farmer, William. - Hunter, Thomas. - Johns, J.O. - Jones, Edmund W. - Jones, John T. - Kinnear, James. - Perrow Willis. - Rodes, John. - Slaughter, Samuel. - Taliaferro, C.C. - Taliaferro, Hugh. - Thompson, Thomas. - - -Kirkpatrick's Battery, Company A, Thirty-first Battalion Virginia -Artillery:[2] - - _Captain_, Thos. J. Kirkpatrick. - _First Lieut._, George W. Hobson. - _Second Lieut._, R.G. Scott. - _Third Lieut._, A.R. Woodroof. - - -PRIVATES. - - Butterworth, Moses. - Christian, John. - Doss, William. - Hains, Christopher. - Hewitt, A. Bowling. - Hewitt, A.I. - Hewitt, A.R. - Horner, James W. - Inge, William J. - Kinckle, Frank T. - Kinnear, John H. - Lewis, John. - Mason, John T. - McCausland, Jas. F. - McDaniel, William L. - Moore, Thomas W. - McKinney, Barney. - McCorkle, William. - McCorkle, John J. - Miller, Frank T. - Nowlin, James B. - Petty, William J. - Rodes, Lafayette P. - Steptoe, W.T. - Steptoe, Jacob M. - Wills, Edwin D. - Yancey, W.T. - - -Second Regiment Virginia Cavalry:[3] - - _First Colonel_, R.C.W. Radford. - _Second Colonel_, T.T. Munford. - _Third Colonel_, Cary Breckinridge. - _First Lieutenant-Colonel_, T.T. Munford. - _Second Lieutenant-Colonel_, J.W. Watts. - _Third Lieutenant-Colonel_, Cary Breckinridge. - _Fourth Lieutenant-Colonel_, W.F. Graves. - _First Major_, J.S. Langhorne. - _Second Major_, A.L. Pitzer. - _Third Major_, Cary Breckinridge. - _Fourth Major_, W.F. Graves. - _Fifth Major_, Thomas Whitehead. - _First Adjutant_, R.H. Banks. - _Second Adjutant_, Lomax Tayloe. - _Third Adjutant_, John W. Tayloe. - _Fourth Adjutant_, Samuel Griffin. - _First Assistant Surgeon_, S.H. Meredith. - _Second Assistant Surgeon_, W.H. Bowyer. - _Third Assistant Surgeon_, W.B. Davies. - _Fourth Assistant Surgeon_, J.H. Nelson. - _Fifth Assistant Surgeon_, W.H. Peake. - _Sixth Assistant Surgeon_, James Roan. - _Seventh Assistant Surgeon_, W.H. Shackleford. - _First Quartermaster_, W.H. Trent. - _First Commissary_, Albert McDaniel. - _First Sergeant-Major_, William Steptoe. - _Second Sergeant-Major_, John Fulks. - _Third Sergeant-Major_, R.T. Watts. - _Fourth Sergeant-Major_, W.J. Holcombe. - _Fifth Sergeant-Major_, Samuel Griffin. - _First Color-Sergeant_, Lomax Tayloe. - _Second Color-Sergeant_, H.D. Yancey. - _Third Color-Sergeant_, James E. Tucker. - _Fourth Color-Sergeant_, J.T. Morgan. - _First Commissary-Sergeant_, C.H. Almond. - _First Quartermaster-Sergeant_, F. Merriweather. - _Farrier_, F. Williams. - _Chief Blacksmiths_, W.B. Bowyer and B. Hughes. - _First Bugler_, J.H. Kasey. - _Second Bugler_, William Wilson. - _Chaplain_, W.W. Berry. - _Adjutant's Clerk and Ordnance Officers_, M. Guggenheimer - and T.P. Tayloe. - _Regimental Band_, George R. Lyman, Leader; Charles H. Rau, - Thomas Walker, Frank Myering, A.R. Edwards, James M. Edwards, - Hercy E. Carper, H.M. Harris, R.W. Thurman, Thomas Wilson. - - _Company A_, Captain William R. Terry, Bedford County. - _Company B_, Captain John S. Langhorne, Lynchburg. - _Company C_, Captain Andrew L. Pitzer, Botetourt County. - _Company D_, G.W.B. Hale, Franklin County. - _Company E_, Edgar Whitehead, Amherst County. - _Company F_, James Wilson, Bedford County. - _Company G_, R.C.W. Radford, Bedford County. - _Company H_, Joel W. Flood, Appomattox County. - _Company I_, J.D. Alexander, Campbell County. - _Company K_, Eugene Davis, Albemarle County. - -FOOTNOTES: - -[Footnote 1: Partial roster.] - -[Footnote 2: This is a roster of the Lynchburg members.] - -[Footnote 3: First mounted regiment organized in Virginia. Organized at -Lynchburg, May 8, 1861, Colonel J.A. 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