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Crafton—A Project Gutenberg eBook - </title> - <link rel="icon" href="images/cover.jpg" type="image/x-cover" /> - <style> /* <![CDATA[ */ - -body { - margin-left: 10%; - margin-right: 10%; -} - - h1,h2 { - text-align: center; /* all headings centered */ - clear: both; - margin-top: .5em; - margin-bottom: .7em; - word-spacing: 0.2em; - letter-spacing: 0.1em; - line-height: 1em; - font-weight: normal; -} - -h1 {font-size: 160%; letter-spacing: 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em;} -h2 {font-size: 150%;} - -p { - margin-top: .51em; - text-align: justify; - margin-bottom: .49em; - text-indent: 1em; -} - -.p1 {margin-top: 1em;} -.p4 {margin-top: 4em;} - -.p4b {margin-bottom: 4em;} - -.negin2 {padding-left: 2em; text-indent: -1.5em; text-align: justify; font-size: 130%;} -.negin1 {padding-left: 20%; padding-right: 20%; text-indent: -1em; text-align: justify; - font-size: 60%; letter-spacing: .15em;} - -div.chapter {page-break-before: always;} -h2.nobreak {page-break-before: avoid;} - -x-ebookmaker-drop, .x-ebookmaker-drop {} - -.pfs150 {font-size: 150%; text-align: center; text-indent: 0em; word-spacing: 0.3em;} -.pfs120 {font-size: 120%; text-align: center; text-indent: 0em; word-spacing: 0.3em;} -.pfs100 {font-size: 100%; text-align: center; text-indent: 0em; word-spacing: 0.3em;} -.pfs80 {font-size: 80%; text-align: center; text-indent: 0em; word-spacing: 0.3em;} -.pfs60 {font-size: 60%; text-align: center; text-indent: 0em; word-spacing: 0.3em;} - -.fs50 {font-size: 50%; font-style: normal;} -.fs60 {font-size: 60%; font-style: normal;} -.fs120 {font-size: 120%; font-style: normal;} - - -/* for horizontal lines */ -hr { - width: 33%; - margin-top: 1.5em; - margin-bottom: 1em; - margin-left: 33.5%; - margin-right: 33.5%; - clear: both; -} - -hr.chap {width: 65%; margin-left: 17.5%; margin-right: 17.5%;} - -.x-ebookmaker hr.chap {width: 0%; display: none;} - - -/* for inserting info from TN and Errata changes */ -.corr { - text-decoration: none; - border-bottom: thin dashed blue;} - -.x-ebookmaker .corr { - text-decoration: none; - border-bottom: none;} - - -/* for different code on screen versus handhelds */ -.screenonly { display: block; } - -.x-ebookmaker .screenonly { display: none; } - - -/* for non-image large letter dropcaps */ -p.drop-capy {text-indent: -.7em;} - -p.drop-capy:first-letter { - float: left; - margin: 0.11em 0.4em 0em .3em; - font-size: 250%; - line-height:0.7em; - clear: both; -} - -.x-ebookmaker p.drop-capy {text-indent: 0em;} - -.x-ebookmaker p.drop-capy:first-letter { - float: none; - margin: 0; - font-size: 100%;} - - -.pagenum { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */ - /* visibility: hidden; */ - position: absolute; - color: #A9A9A9; - left: 92%; - font-size: smaller; - text-align: right; - font-style: normal; - font-weight: normal; - font-variant: normal; - text-indent: .5em; -} - - -/* general placement and presentation */ -.right {text-align: right; margin-right: 1em;} - -.smcap {font-variant: small-caps; letter-spacing: .15em;} -.allsmcap {font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; letter-spacing: .12em;} - -.lsp {letter-spacing: 0.1em;} -.lsp2 {letter-spacing: 0.2em;} - - -/* Images */ -img { - border: none; - max-width: 100%; - height: auto; -} - -img.w100 {width: 100%;} - -.figcenter { - margin: auto; - text-align: center; - page-break-inside: avoid; - max-width: 100%;} - - -/* Footnotes */ -.footnotes {border: dashed 1px; margin-top: 2em; margin-bottom: 3em; - padding-bottom: 1em;} - -.footnote {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: 90%;} -.footnote p {text-indent: 0em;} -.footnote .label {position: absolute; right: 84%; text-align: right;} - -.fnanchor { - vertical-align: super; - font-size: .8em; - text-decoration: none; -} - - -/* Transcriber's notes */ -.transnote {background-color: #E6E6FA; - color: black; - font-size:smaller; - padding:0.5em; - margin-bottom:5em; - font-family:sans-serif, serif; } - -.transnote p {text-indent: 0em;} - - -/* custom cover (cover.jpg) */ -.customcover {visibility: hidden; display: none;} -.x-ebookmaker .customcover {visibility: visible; display: block;} - -/* Illustration classes */ -.illowp50 {width: 50%;} -.illowp30 {width: 30%;} - - /* ]]> */ </style> -</head> -<body> -<p style='text-align:center; font-size:1.2em; font-weight:bold'>The Project Gutenberg eBook of A short sketch of the evidence for the abolition of the slave trade, delivered before a committee of the House of Commons, by William Bell Crafton</p> -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online -at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you -are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the -country where you are located before using this eBook. -</div> - -<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: A short sketch of the evidence for the abolition of the slave trade, delivered before a committee of the House of Commons</p> -<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: William Bell Crafton</p> -<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: October 16, 2022 [eBook #69166]</p> -<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</p> - <p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; text-align:left'>Produced by: John Campbell and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive)</p> -<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A SHORT SKETCH OF THE EVIDENCE FOR THE ABOLITION OF THE SLAVE TRADE, DELIVERED BEFORE A COMMITTEE OF THE HOUSE OF COMMONS ***</div> - - -<div class="transnote"> -<p><strong>TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE</strong></p> - -<p>The original text used the character ſ (long-form s); these have been -replaced by the normal s in this etext.</p> - -<p>Footnote anchors are denoted by <span class="fnanchor">[number]</span>, and the footnotes have been -placed at the <a href="#FOOTNOTES">end of the book</a>.</p> - -<p class="customcover">The cover image was created by the transcriber -and is placed in the public domain.</p> - -<p>Some minor changes to the text are noted at the <a href="#TN">end of the book.</a> -<span class="screenonly">These are indicated by a <ins class="corr">dashed blue</ins> underline.</span></p> -</div> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> -<div class="chapter"></div> - -<h1> -<span class="fs50">A</span><br /> -SHORT SKETCH<br /> -<span class="fs50">OF</span><br /> -<span class="fs60">THE EVIDENCE</span><br /> -<span class="fs50">FOR THE</span><br /> -ABOLITION<br /> -<span class="fs50">OF THE</span><br /> -<span class="fs120">SLAVE TRADE,</span> -</h1> - -<p class="pfs100"><em>Delivered before a Committee of the House of Commons</em></p> - -<p class="p1 pfs60">TO WHICH IS ADDED, A</p> - -<p class="pfs150">Recommendation of the Subject</p> - -<p class="pfs60">TO THE</p> - -<p class="pfs120">SERIOUS ATTENTION</p> - -<p class="pfs60">OF</p> - -<p class="pfs150 lsp2">PEOPLE IN GENERAL.</p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp50" id="sep1" style="max-width: 15em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/sep1.jpg" alt="decorative separator" /> -</div> - -<p class="negin1">“ALL THINGS WHATSOEVER YE WOULD THAT -MEN SHOULD DO TO YOU, DO YE EVEN SO TO -THEM,” <span class="lsp">Matt. chap. vii. ver. 12.</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp50" id="sep2" style="max-width: 15em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/sep2.jpg" alt="decorative separator" /> -</div> - -<p class="p1 pfs60 lsp2">LONDON, PRINTED; PHILADELPHIA:<br /> -RE-PRINTED BY DANIEL LAWRENCE.<br /> -M.DCC.XCII.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_2"></a>[Pg 2]</span><br /></p> - -<h2 class="p4 nobreak">ADVERTISEMENT.</h2> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter illowp50" id="sep3" style="max-width: 15em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/sep3.jpg" alt="decorative separator" /> -</div> - -<p class="negin2 p4b"> -<em>The Design of the following</em> SHORT -SKETCH <em>is not to supersede, in -any Degree</em>, <span class="smcap">more <ins class="corr" id="tn-2" title="Transcriber’s Note—Original text: 'important PUPLICATIONS'"> -important Publications</ins></span>, -<em>but, on the Contrary, to -extend their Circulation, and promote -their Influence</em>.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_3"></a>[3]</span><br /></p> - -<p class="pfs80">A</p> - -<h2 class="nobreak"><ins class="corr" id="tn-3" title="Transcriber’s Note—Original text: 'SHOTR SKETCH'"> -SHORT SKETCH</ins>, <em>&c.</em></h2> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter illowp30" id="sep3a" style="max-width: 10em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/sep3.jpg" alt="decorative separator" /> -</div> - -<p class="drop-capy">VIRTUE, say moralists, is so transcendently beautiful, -that she need but be <em>seen</em>, to be universally -admired: and is not <span class="allsmcap">VICE</span> so hateful, that the -more its features are <em>viewed</em>, the more it will be avoided? -The traffic in the human species, particularly -as carried on by the Europeans on the coast -of Africa, has so horrible an aspect, that nothing, -one should think, but the <span class="smcap">Mask</span>, under which it -has been concealed, could have prevented all the civilized -nations in the world uniting to drive the detested -Monster from the face of the earth. This -<span class="smcap">Mask</span> is, however, at length taken away, and the -traffic stands exposed in all its real, unalterable deformity. -The <span class="smcap">People</span> are now called upon to behold, -to feel, and judge for themselves. The representations -of former writers on this subject were -roundly denied; the facts they stated were not only -contradicted, but deemed impossible, and the authors -themselves were accused of slander. Now we have -a body of <span class="allsmcap">EVIDENCE</span> to which to appeal; of evidence, -possessing every essential of <em>credibility</em>. The -witnesses have declared before the Select Committee -of the House of Commons, what they themselves -saw: they had the best opportunities of observation, -and they are disinterested. And now it appears, that -one half of the tale of human misery hath not been -told: and that every principle, that can bind a man<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_4"></a>[4]</span> -of honour and conscience,<a id="FNanchor_1" href="#Footnote_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> loudly calls for the prohibition -of the iniquitous traffic. Hard indeed must -those hearts be, and inaccessible those understandings,<a id="FNanchor_2" href="#Footnote_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> -which such evidence cannot reach!</p> - -<p>The Evidence delivered before the Select Committee -of the House of Commons is very voluminous, -occupying two thousand pages in folio. But a judicious -Abstract and Arrangement of the Evidence, -on the Part of the Petitioners for the Abolition of -the Slave Trade,<a id="FNanchor_3" href="#Footnote_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a> has been published, and in a short -compass, contains the evidence of well informed persons -on that subject.</p> - -<p>In the <span class="smcap">Preface</span> to this important volume of evidence -we read of rewards offered for taking run-away -negroes <em>alive or dead</em>—of laws being required to be -made to prevent the practice of <em>cutting off ears, noses, -and tongues</em>—of <em>breaking limbs</em> and <em>putting out -eyes</em>—to prevent <em>distempered, maimed, and worn out -negroes</em> from infesting towns—to prevent <em>aged</em> and -<em>infirm</em> negroes being driven from the plantations <em>to -starve</em>. We meet also with such kind of <span class="allsmcap">PREAMBLES</span> -to acts as the following, viz.</p> - -<p>‘Whereas the extreme cruelty and inhumanity of -the managers, overseers, and book-keepers of estates, -have frequently driven slaves into the woods, and occasioned -rebellions, internal insurrections, &c. And -whereas also it frequently happens, that slaves come -to their deaths by hasty and severe blows and other -improper treatment of overseers and book-keepers, -in the heat of passion; and when such accidents do -happen, the victims are entered in the plantation-books,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_5"></a>[5]</span> -as having died of convulsions, fits, or other -causes not to be accounted for; and to conceal the -real truth of the cause of the death of such slave or -slaves, he or they is or are immediately put under -ground, &c. Other preambles of a similar complexion, -respecting the lodging, food, and clothes of negroes, -are here to be met with. We also find that -run-away negroes, when advertised, are described by -the various brands upon their shoulders, breasts, -cheeks, and foreheads. A woman is described with -a wooden leg; a man as having both his ears cropt, -and another by his nose and ears being cut off.’ -Cornwall Chronicle, Nov. 7, 1789. Other instances -occur within the year 1791.</p> - -<p>The <span class="allsmcap">FIRST CHAPTER</span> contains an account of the -Enormities committed by the Natives of Africa on -the persons of one another, to procure slaves for the -Europeans, proved by the testimony of such as have -visited that continent—and confirmed by accounts -from the slaves themselves, after their arrival in the -West-Indies.</p> - -<p>Under this head, we learn that Kidnapping, or as -the natives call it, Panyaring, is very common, that -war is made on purpose to procure slaves. The -king’s soldiers set fire to villages in the night, and -seize the wretched inhabitants as they attempt to -escape from the flames, and many perish, either by the -fire or sword, in the execution of this horrid purpose. -A Boy, who was carried away in the night -from his father’s house, says, he believes both his -parents were killed, he is sure that one was, and that -many others were killed and some taken. Various -instances are mentioned of consummate treachery employed -in making captives. Kidnapping is professionally -followed; large parties go up the country three<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_6"></a>[6]</span> -hundred miles to drive down captives—they go a -wood-ranging, and pick up every one they meet, and -strip them naked. The purchasers generally say, -they do not care how the sellers come by their -slaves. Many are sold for crimes falsely imputed; -the Judges <ins class="corr" id="tn-6" title="Transcriber’s Note—Original text: 'participate the profits'"> -participate in the profits</ins> of the sale, and are -therefore strongly induced to condemn the innocent. -Crimes are invented and multiplied for the purpose -of traffic. The great men dress up and employ women, -to entice young men to be connected with them, -that they may be convicted of adultery and sold. The -slaves are separated without the least regard to ties of -consanguinity, or the pathetic expostulations and remonstrances -of nature. When slave-ships are on the -Coast the natives go armed, but are no where safe. -The man, invited to drink with his neighbour, on rising -to go, is seized by two of them and a large dog: -and this mode of seizure is common.</p> - -<p>By the Second Chapter it appears that the Europeans, -by means of the trade in slaves, are the occasion -of the before-mentioned enormities; that they -sometimes use additional means to excite the natives -to practise them, often attempt themselves to steal -the natives, and succeed, force trade as they please, -and are guilty of injustice in their dealings. In proof -of this charge, we learn from the evidence that Africans -receive European goods in exchange for slaves—that -they declare when ships cease to come (as in -times of war) slaves cease to be taken. African -dealers make the Princes drunk, in order to overcome -their aversion to unprovoked war: they furnish the -natives with arms and ammunition and excite them -to pillage.</p> - -<p>The term war, in Africa, is used in general to -signify pillage; and when many towns are seen blazing<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_7"></a>[7]</span> -in the night, the natives say war is carrying on.</p> - -<p>The Traders advance goods to Chiefs to induce -them to seize their subjects or neighbours. Capt. -Patterson set two villages at variance, and brought -prisoners from both sides. It is not uncommon to -make the natives drunk, and then buy them. General -Rooke says, that it was proposed to him by three -English captains of ships, to kidnap a hundred, or a -hundred and fifty men, women, and children, king -Damel’s subjects, who had come to Goree in consequence -of the friendly intercourse between him and -Damel: He refused and was much shocked by the -proposition. They said such things had been done -by a former governor. Two men, black traders, -were invited on board, intoxicated, and captured -when asleep. The Gregson’s people, in running down -the coast, kidnapped thirty-two of the natives. The -Dobson’s boat of Liverpool had stolen a man and woman; -the captain on the remonstrance of Capt. -Briggs, who told him, there would be no more trade -if he did not deliver up his two captives, restored -them; upon which the natives loaded a boat with -yams, goats, fowls, honey, and palm wine, and would -take nothing for them,—a striking instance of forgiveness -of injuries, and of unmerited kindness!</p> - -<p>We then meet with as opposite an exhibition of -character as can possibly be conceived: three or four -hundred Africans cruelly massacreed or carried off, -by means of the treacherous contrivance of six English -captains in Old Calabar River. But let us “turn -our eyes for relief to some ordinary wickedness”<a id="FNanchor_4" href="#Footnote_4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a>: -Some consider frauds as a necessary part of the traffic; -they put false heads into powder casks, cut off -two or three yards from the middle of a piece of<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_8"></a>[8]</span> -cloth, adulterate spirits, and steal back articles given. -Besides these, there are others who pay in bottles, -which hold but half the contents of the samples -shewn; use false steel-yards and weights, and sell -such guns as burst on firing; so that many of the -natives of the windward coast, are without their fingers -and thumbs on this account, and it has become -a saying that these guns kill more out of the butt -than the muzzle.</p> - -<p>The Third Chapter contains an account of the -transactions of the enslaved Africans, and of the method -of confining, airing, feeding, and exercising -them; incidents on the passage, and the manner of -selling them when arrived at their destined ports; the -deplorable situation of the refuse or sickly slaves; separation -of relations and friends; mortality on the -passage, and frequently after sale; and the causes of -this mortality.</p> - -<p>On being brought on board, says Dr. Trotter, -they shew signs of extreme distress and despair, from -a feeling of their situation, and regret at being torn -from their friends and connexions. They sometimes -dream of being in their own country, and when they -awake shew their despair by howling and shrieking in -a most dreadful manner. The women go into fits. -In the course of the voyage, the slaves are chained to -the deck every day from eight in the morning to four -o’clock in the afternoon. They are fed twice a day -with rice, yams, and horse-beans, and now and then -a little beef and bread: after each of these two meals -they are allowed half a pint of water: and are forced -to jump in their irons, which, by the slave dealers, -is called making them dance. This exercise frequently -occasions the fetters to excoriate their limbs; and, -when it is very painful to move at all, they are compelled<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_9"></a>[9]</span> -to dance by a cat-of-nine-tails. The captains -order them to sing, and they sing songs of sorrow, -the subject of which are their wretched situation, and -the idea of never returning home: the witness remembers -the very words upon these occasions.</p> - -<p>The slaves are so crouded below, that it is impossible -to walk among them without treading upon them. -Dr. Trotter has seen the slaves drawing their breath -with all those laborious and anxious efforts for life, -which are observed in expiring animals, subjected by -experiment to foul air, or in the exhausted receiver -of an air pump: they cry out—‘we are dying,’ and -many are irrecoverably lost by suffocation, having had -no previous signs of indisposition. They are closely -wedged together, and have not so much room as a -man in his coffin, either in length or breadth. They -sometimes go down well at night, and are found dead -in the morning. Alexander Falconbridge was never -among them for ten minutes together below, but his -shirt was as wet as if dipped in water. Sometimes -the dead and living are found shackled together. -They lie on the bare blanks, and the prominent parts -of their bones, about the shoulder-blade and knees, -have frequently been seen bare. No situation can be -conceived so dreadful and disgusting as that of slaves -when ill of the flux. In the Alexander (A. Falconbridge -says) the deck was covered with blood and mucus, -and resembled a slaughter-house; the stench and -foul air were intolerable. The slaves, shackled together, -frequently quarrel, and make a great disturbance. -Some refuse food and medicine, and declare -they want to die. In such cases compulsion is used. -The ships are so fitted up as to prevent, by net-work, -the slaves jumping overboard; notwithstanding which -they often attempt it, and sometimes succeed, shewing<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_10"></a>[10]</span> -signs of exultation in the very jaws of death. -Some employ other means to destroy themselves, and -others go mad: Some resolve to starve, and means -are ineffectually used to wrench open their teeth: they -persist in their resolution, and effect their purpose, -in spite of the utmost pains to prevent it. When -severely chastised for not taking their food they have -looked up with a smile and said, “presently we shall -be no more.” <ins class="corr" id="tn-10" title="Transcriber’s Note—Original text: 'The thumscrew is'"> -The thumbscrew is</ins> an instrument of -torture, the application of it sometimes occasions -mortifications, of which the negroes die. An instance -occurs of the cruelty of a captain to an infant -only nine months old, which one would suppose too -shocking to be true, were it not corroborated by other -specimens of as great cruelty in various parts of the -evidence. After a series of tortures the infant expired, -and its savage murderer, not yet satiated, would -suffer none of the people on deck to throw the body -overboard, but called the Mother, the wretched Mother, -to perform this last sad office to her murdered -child. Unwilling as it might naturally be supposed -she was, to comply, “he beat her,” regardless of the -indignant murmurs of her fettered countrymen, whom -in the barbarous plenitude of secure tyranny, he permitted -to be spectators of this horrible scene—“he -beat her, until he made her take up the child and carry -it to the side of the vessel, and then she dropped it -into the sea, turning her head another way, that she -might not see it!”<a id="FNanchor_5" href="#Footnote_5" class="fnanchor">[5]</a> Another instance occurs in this -chapter, not perhaps of more cruelty, though of -greater magnitude.</p> - -<p>A ship from Africa, with about four hundred -slaves on board, struck upon some shoals, called the -Morant Keys, distant eleven leagues, S. S. E. off the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_11"></a>[11]</span> -east end of Jamaica. The officers and seamen of the -ship landed in their boats, carrying with them arms -and provisions. The slaves were left on board in their -irons and shackles. This happened in the night -time. When morning came, it was discovered that -the negroes had got out of their irons, and were busy -making rafts, upon which they placed the women -and children; the men, who were <ins class="corr" id="tn-11" title="Transcriber’s Note—Original text: 'capable of swiming'"> -capable of swimming</ins>, attended upon the rafts, whilst they drifted before -the wind towards the island where the seamen -had landed. From an apprehension that the negroes -would consume the water and provisions which the -seamen had landed, they came to the resolution of -destroying them, by means of their fire-arms and other -weapons. As the poor wretches approached the -shore they actually destroyed between three and four -hundred of them. Out of the whole cargo only thirty -three or thirty four were saved and brought to -Kingston, where they were sold at public vendue.</p> - -<p>When the ships arrive at their destined ports, the -cargo of slaves is sold, either by scramble or vendue. -The sale by scramble is described:—“A great -number of people come on board with tallies in their -hands (the ship being first darkened with sails and covered -round; the men slaves placed on the main -deck, and the women on the quarter deck), and rush -through the barricado door <ins class="corr" id="tn-11a" title="Transcriber’s Note—Original text: 'with the ferociety'"> -with the ferocity</ins> of brutes. Some have three or four handkerchiefs tied -together, to encircle as many as they think fit for -their purpose.” This is a very general mode of sale, -and so terrifies the poor negroes, that forty or fifty at -a time have leaped into the sea; these, however, the -witness believes, have been taken up again: the women -have got away and run about the town as if they -were mad. The slaves sold by public auction or vendue,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_12"></a>[12]</span> -are generally the refuse, or sickly slaves. These -are in such a state of health, that they sell greatly under -price. They have been known to be sold for five -dollars, a guinea, and even a single dollar each. Some -that are deemed not worth buying are left to expire -in the place of sale, for nobody gives them any thing -to eat or drink, and some of them live three days in -that situation! In the sale no care is taken to prevent -the reparation of relations; they are separated (says -the evidence) like sheep and lambs by the butcher. -Making the slaves walk the plank, is a term used for -throwing them overboard when provisions are scarce. -Sometimes the ships lose more than half their cargoes -by the small-pox; at others they bury a quarter or -one-third on the passage, owing to various other causes -of mortality: and it is confessed by the planters,<a id="FNanchor_6" href="#Footnote_6" class="fnanchor">[6]</a> -that half the slaves die in the seasoning, after arrival -in the West-Indies. Surgeon Wilson says, that of the -death of two thirds of those who died in his ship, the -primary cause was melancholy. The disorders which -carry off the slaves in such numbers, are ascribed by -Falconbridge to a diseased mind, sudden transitions -from heat to cold, a putrid atmosphere, wallowing -in their own excrements, and being shackled together.</p> - -<p>The captains, surgeons, &c. who have quitted the -African slave-trade, uniformly declare the reason to -have been, that they could not conscientiously continue -in it: they say, that it is an unnatural, iniquitous, -and villainous trade, founded on injustice -and treachery; manifestly carried on by oppression -and cruelty, and not unfrequently terminating in -murder. Capt. Hall says, he quitted it (in opposition -to lucrative offers) from a conviction that it -was perfectly illegal, and founded in blood.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_13"></a>[13]</span></p> - -<p>The Fourth Chapter gives an account of the general -estimation and treatment of the slaves in the -West-Indies. Dr. Jackson says, that the negroes -are generally esteemed a species of inferior beings, -whom the right of purchase gives the owner a power -of using at his will. T. Woolrich says, he never -knew the best master in the West-Indies use his slaves -so well, as the worst master his servants in England: -that their state is inconceivable—that a sight of a -gang would convince more than all words.</p> - -<p>Slaves are either Field Slaves, or in or out Door Slaves.</p> - -<p>The field-slaves begin their work at break of day. -They work in rows, without exception under the -whip of drivers, and the weak are made to keep up -with the strong. They continue their labour (with -two intermissions, half an hour during the morning, -and two hours at noon) till sun set. In the intervals -they are made to pick grass for the cattle. Cook has -known pregnant women worked and flogged a few -days before their delivery. Some, however, are a little -indulged when in that state. After the month they -work with the children on their backs. In the crop-season -the labour is of much longer duration<a id="FNanchor_7" href="#Footnote_7" class="fnanchor">[7]</a>. The -slaves sometimes work so long that they cannot help -sleeping, and then it not unfrequently happens, that -their arms are caught in the mill and torn off. They -are said to be allowed one day in seven for rest, but -this time is necessarily employed in raising food for -the other days, and gathering grass for their master’s -cattle. The best allowance of food is at Barbadoes, -which is a pint of grain for twenty four hours, and -half a rotten herring when to be had. When the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_14"></a>[14]</span> -herrings are unfit for the whites, they are bought up -by planters for the slaves. Some allow nine pints of -corn a week, and about one pound of salt fish, which -is the greatest allowance mentioned in the whole course -of the evidence. Some have no provision but what -they raise themselves, and they are frequently so fatigued -by the labour of the rest of the week, as -scarcely to be able to work for their own support on -the Sunday. And the land allotted them for this -purpose is often at the distance of three miles from -their houses; it would, however, be quite ample for -their support, were they allowed time sufficient for -its cultivation. Sometimes when they have been at -the pains of clearing their land, their masters take it -for canes, and give them wood land instead of it. -This hardship some have so taken to heart as to die. -Putrid carcases are burnt; if they were buried, the -slaves would dig them up and eat them, which would -breed distempers among them. They are sometimes -driven by extreme hunger to steal at the hazard of -their lives. They are badly clothed; one half of -them go almost naked. The slaves in general have -no bed or bedding at all. Their houses are built with -four poles and thatched. They have little or no property. -All the evidence (to whom the question has -been proposed) agree in answering, that they never -knew or heard of a field-slave ever amassing such a -sum, as enabled him to purchase his own freedom. -The artificers, such as house carpenters, coopers, masons, -the drivers and head slaves, are better off. The -owners of women let them out for prostitution, and -flog them, if they do not bring home full wages.</p> - -<p>The negroes, when whipped, are suspended by the -arms, with weights at their feet. They are first -whipped with a whip made of cow-skin (which cuts<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_15"></a>[15]</span> -out the flesh, whereas the military whips cut only -the skin) and afterwards with ebony bushes (which -are more prickly than thorn bushes in this country) -in order to let out the congealed blood. Dr. Harrison -thinks the whipping too severe to be inflicted -on any human being: he could lay two or three fingers -into the wounds of a man whipped for not coming -when he was called. Many receive from one -hundred and fifty to two hundred lashes at a time; -and in two or three days this is repeated: they wash -the raw parts with pickle; this appears from the convulsions -it occasions, more cruel than whipping; but -it is done to prevent mortification. After severe -whipping, they are worked all day without food, except -what their friends may give them out of their -own poor pittance. <ins class="corr" id="tn-15" title="Transcriber’s Note—Original text: 'They are retured'"> -They are returned</ins> to their stocks -at night, and worked next day as before. This -cruel treatment his made many commit suicide. Cook -has known fourteen slaves, who, in consequence -thereof, ran into the woods and cut their throats -together. These severe punishments are frequent. -The scars made by whipping last to old age. T. Woolrich -has seen their backs one undistinguished mass of -lumps, holes, and furrows. They sometimes die of -mortification of the wounds. A planter flogged -his driver to death, and boasted of having so done.</p> - -<p>Under the head of Extraordinary Punishments, (for -those already named are reckoned only ordinary), mention -is made of iron collars with hooks<a id="FNanchor_8" href="#Footnote_8" class="fnanchor">[8]</a>, heavy cattle -<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_16"></a>[16]</span> -chains, and a half hundred weight fastened to -them, which the negroes are forced to drag after -them, when working in the field, suspending by the -hands ’till the fingers mortify; flogging with ebony -bushes ’till they are forced to go on all fours, unable -to get up, being tied up to the branch of a tree, with -a heavy weight round the neck, exposed to the noon-day -sun—thumb-screws; a man was put on the picket, -so long as to occasion a mortification of his foot -and hand, on suspicion of robbing his master, a public -officer, of a sum of money, which it afterwards -appeared, the master had taken himself. Yet the -master was privy to the punishment, and the slave had -no compensation. He was punished by order of the -master, who did not then chuse to make it known that -he himself had made use of the money. A girl’s ears -were nailed to a post, afterwards torn away, and clipt -off close to her head, with a pair of <ins class="corr" id="tn-16" title="Transcriber’s Note—Original text: 'large scissars'"> -large scissors</ins>; besides this, she was unmercifully flogged, and all -for—<span class="allsmcap">BREAKING A PLATE, OR SPILLING A CUP -OF TEA</span>! A negro, impelled by hunger, had stolen -part of a turkey, his master caused him to be held down, -and, with his own hands, <ins class="corr" id="tn-16a" title="Transcriber’s Note—Original text: 'took a hammar'"> -took a hammer</ins> and punch and knocked out four of his teeth. The hand is cut -off if lifted up against a white man, and the leg for -running away. A planter sent for a surgeon to cut -off the leg of a negro who had run away. On the -surgeon’s refusing to do it, the planter took an iron -bar, and broke the leg in pieces, and then the surgeon -took it off. This planter did many such acts of -cruelty, and all with impunity. The practice of dropping -hot lead upon the negroes, is here mentioned. -H. Ross saw a young female suspended by her wrists<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_17"></a>[17]</span> -to a tree, swinging to and fro, while her master applied -a lighted torch to the different parts of her writhing -body. It was notorious that Ruthie tortured so -many of his negroes to death, that he was obliged to -sell his estate. Another planter, in the same Island<a id="FNanchor_9" href="#Footnote_9" class="fnanchor">[9]</a>, -destroyed forty slaves out of sixty (in three years) by -severity. The rest of the conduct of this infamous -wretch was cancelled by the Committee of the House -of Commons, as containing circumstances too horrible -to be given to the world. We, however, go on -to read of knocking on the head and stabbing, of a hot -iron forced between the teeth, of a slave thrown into -the boiling juice, and killed, of a negro shot and his -head cut off. And it appears, that the women, deemed -of respectability and rank, not only order and -superintend, but sometimes actually inflict with their -own hands severe punishments on their slaves.</p> - -<p>The offences for which the before-mentioned punishments -are inflicted are, not coming into the field -in time, not picking a sufficient quantity of grass, -not appearing willing to work, when in fact sick and -not able; for staying too long on an errand, for not -coming immediately when called, for not bringing -home (the women) the full weekly sum enjoined by -their owners; for running away, and for theft, to -which they are often driven by hunger.</p> - -<p>Under the head of “Extraordinary Punishments,” -some appear to have suffered for running away, or -for lifting up a hand against a white man, or for breaking -a plate, or spilling a cup of tea, or to extort confession. -Others again, in the moments of sudden resentment, -and one on a diabolical pretext, which the -master held out to the world to conceal <ins class="corr" id="tn-17" title="Transcriber’s Note—Original text: 'his own villany'"> -his own villainy</ins>, and which he <em>knew</em> to be <em>false</em>.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_18"></a>[18]</span></p> - -<p>The slaves have little or no redress against ill-usage -of any sort; the laws to restrict punishment are a -mere farce, and universally disregarded, or when pretended -to be observed they are in divers ways effectually -evaded: besides, the evidence of a Black is -in no case whatever admitted against a White Man; -which circumstance alone is enough to deprive the -negroes of all legal protection whatever, were the -laws, in other respects, ever so just and salutary. -Lieutenant Davidson was so hurt at the severe and -frequent whippings of one of the women, that he complained -to a magistrate, who said, “he had nothing -to do with it.”</p> - -<p>The particular instances mentioned in the evidence, -of slaves dying in consequence of severe and -cruel treatment from their masters, were not punished, -though generally known; nor do the perpetrators -of <ins class="corr" id="tn-18" title="Transcriber’s Note—Original text: 'these barbaraties'"> -these barbarities</ins> appear to have suffered any -disgrace!</p> - -<p>If you speak to a negro of future punishments, he -says,——“Why should a poor negro be punished? -he does no wrong? fiery cauldrons, and such things, -are reserved for white people, as punishments for the -oppression of slaves.”</p> - -<p>In the Fifth Chapter, it is proved, by such as have -seen them in their own country, that the natives of -Africa are equal to the Europeans in their natural capacities, -feelings, affections, and moral character. -They manufacture gold and iron, in some respects, -equal to the European Artists—also cloth and leather -with uncommon neatness; the former they die blue, -yellow, brown and orange. They are skilled in making -indigo and soap, and pottery wares, and prepare salt -for their own use from the sea water. They also -make ropes with aloes. With respect to their moral<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_19"></a>[19]</span> -character, they are very honest and hospitable: grateful -and affectionate, harmless and innocent; punctual -in their dealings, and as capable of virtue as the -Whites. They are susceptible of all the social virtues: -generosity, fidelity, and gratitude, are allowed them -by Dr. Stuart. These virtues Dr. Jackson enumerates, -and adds charity to all in distress, and a strong -attachment on the part of parents to their children. -T. Woolrich says, he never knew of an African, who -could express himself, that did not believe in the existence -of a supreme Being.</p> - -<p>In the Sixth and Seventh Chapters it appears that -the natives possess industry and a spirit of commerce, -sufficient for carrying on a new trade; that their country -abounds with, and might easily be made still more -productive of, many and various articles of commerce; -but that the traffic in slaves is an insuperable impediment -to opening a new trade.</p> - -<p>In the Eighth Chapter it is inquired, whether the -slave trade be not a grave (instead of a nursery) of -the seamen employed in it.</p> - -<p>It appears by the muster-rolls of Liverpool and -Bristol, that in 350 vessels, 12,263 men were employed, -out of whom 2643 were lost, that is to say, -more than a fifth of the whole number employed, or -more than seven in every single voyage, besides nearly -one half of those who go out with the ships are constantly -left behind.</p> - -<p>Capt. Hall (of the merchant’s service) says that -the crews of the African ships, when they arrive in -the West-Indies, are the most miserable objects he ever -met with in any country in his life: he does not know -a single instance to the contrary. He has frequently -seen them with their toes rotted off, their legs swelled -to the size of their thighs, and in an ulcerated state all<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_20"></a>[20]</span> -over &c. &c. This account is confirmed by Capt. -Hall of the navy. Sir W. Young is of opinion, that -a trade to Africa in the natural productions of the -country, would not be attended with more inconvenience -to the health of the seamen employed in it, than -the present West-India Trade.</p> - -<p>In the Ninth Chapter we find that the seamen employed -in the slave trade are in general barbarously -used. They are worse fed both in quantity and quality -of food than the seamen in other trades. They -have little or no shelter night or day from the inclemency -of the weather during the whole of the middle -passage. They are inhumanly treated when ill, and -subjected to the fury of the impassioned officers for -very trifles. A boy, to avoid the cruel treatment of -his officer, jump’d overboard, and was drowned. A -man was killed with a hand spike for being very ill -and unable to work. Six men were chained together -by their necks, legs, and hands, for making their -escape from the vessel; they were allowed only a plantain -a day; they all died in their chains; one of -them (Thomas Jones a very good seaman) raving -mad! The evidence proves that instances of wanton -cruelty, and inhuman treatment in general, are numerous, -various and frequent. One man, with both -his legs in irons and his neck in an iron collar, was -chained to the boat for three months, and very often -most inhumanly beaten for complaining of his situation, -both by the captain and other officers. His allowance -of provisions was so small that (after his release -from the boat, on account of extreme weakness) -he begged something to eat, saying that if it were not -given him he should die:—the captain reproached -him, beat him, and bid him die and be damned. The -man died in the night. This was in the Ship Sally,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_21"></a>[21]</span> -on board of which ill-treatment was common. Another -man was deliberately, by a series of shocking barbarities, -murdered.</p> - -<p>Sir Geo. Young remarks that a ship of the line -might be presently manned by the sailors who wish -to escape from the miseries of African ships. One -poor young man, when dying in consequence of the -ill treatment he had received from the captain, said -(which were the last words A. Falconbridge heard -him speak) “I cannot punish him (meaning the captain) -but God will.” The sailors when sick are beaten -for being lazy, till they die under the blows!</p> - -<p>“If this be the real situation of things, how happens -it (the reader may perhaps ask) that the objects -of such tyranny and oppression should not obtain redress, -and that our courts of law should not have to -decide upon more cases of this kind, than they have -at present?” It is answered, “these objects are generally -without friends and money, without which the -injured will seek for justice but in vain; and because -the peculiarity of their situation is an impediment to -their endeavours for redress.” Whoever wishes for -a more particular answer to this question, may meet -with it in “Clarkson’s Essay on the Impolicy of the -African Slave-Trade,” (page 52) from which the -question and the above general reply are quoted.</p> - -<p>If it should still be asked, “how it happens that -seamen enter for slave vessels, when such general ill -usage on board of them can hardly fail of being -known?” the reply must be taken from the evidence, -“that whereas some of them enter voluntarily, the -greater part of them are trepanned; for that it is the -business of certain landlords to make them intoxicated, -and get them into debt, after which <em>their only alternative -is a Guineaman <ins class="corr" id="tn-21" title="Transcriber’s Note—Original text: 'or a Goal'"> -or a Gaol</ins></em>.”</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_22"></a>[22]</span></p> - -<p>In the Tenth Chapter it is proved not to be true, -what some say, that the natives of Africa are happier -in the European colonies than in their own country. -They love their own country, but destroy themselves -in the colonies, &c. &c. But any comparison -between the two situations is as (H. Ross says, tho’ on -another occasion) “<em>an insult to common sense</em>.”</p> - -<p>The Eleventh, Twelfth, and Thirteenth Chapters -are on the subjects of negro population in the colonies, -and plainly shew that the importation of fresh Africans -might immediately be superceded, by the introduction -of general good treatment, and of certain salutary -regulations therein suggested.</p> - -<p>The Fourteenth Chapter is employed to demonstrate, -from the evidence before the committee, that -the colonists would be able to carry on the necessary -cultivation of their lands, without a fresh importation -of slaves while the generation immediately succeeding -the regulations proposed, were growing up to supply -the vacancies occasioned by the natural deaths of the -slaves of all ages, now in their possession.</p> - -<p>The Fifteenth Chapter inquires, whether there be -not a prevailing opinion in the colonies, that it is -cheaper to buy or import slaves than thus to increase -them by population. And whether the very reverse -of this opinion be not true: namely, that it is more -profitable to breed than to import. The result of -this inquiry is clearly in favour of the <em>immediate</em> Abolition -of the African Slave Trade. The same may -be said of the sixteenth <em>and last</em> chapter, in which it -is considered. Whether it be more political to extend -the cultivation of the colonies by the continuance -of the slave-trade, or wait till the rising generation -shall be capable of performing it.</p> - -<p>Having thus taken a general view of the most<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_23"></a>[23]</span> -striking features of the evidence for the abolition of -the traffic in the human species, as carried on by the -English on the coast of Africa, it might not be improper -to close it with the declaration of a virtuous -and wise Senator, whose indefatigable labours on behalf -of the oppressed Africans, cannot fail to insure -him the unfeigned respect of every lover of freedom -and humanity:</p> - -<p>“<span class="smcap">The abolition of the slave trade</span> -(<em>says he</em>) <span class="allsmcap">IS INDISPENSIBLY REQUIRED OF US, -NOT ONLY BY RELIGION AND MORALITY, BUT -BY EVERY PRINCIPLE OF SOUND POLICY</span><a id="FNanchor_10" href="#Footnote_10" class="fnanchor">[10]</a>.”</p> - -<p>The noble exordium of another able advocate of -the same righteous cause, must not however be omitted -in this place: The House of Commons being now -apprized of the nature of this trade, having received -evidence, having had the facts undeniably established, -knowing, in short, <em>what the Slave-Trade was</em>, he declared, -that if they did not, by the vote of that night, -mark to all mankind their abhorrence of a practice so -enormous, so savage, so repugnant to all laws, human -and divine, it would be more scandalous, and more defaming, -in the eyes of the country, and of the world, -than any vote which any House of Commons had -ever given. He desired them seriously to reflect, before -they gave their votes, what they were about to -do that evening. If they voted that the Slave Trade -should not be abolished, they would, by their vote that -night, give a <em>Parliamentary sanction</em> to <span class="smcap">Rapine</span>, <span class="smcap">Robbery</span> -and <span class="smcap">Murder</span>; for a system of rapine, robbery, -and murder, the Slave Trade had now <em>most clearly</em> -been proved to be<a id="FNanchor_11" href="#Footnote_11" class="fnanchor">[11]</a>.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_24"></a>[24]</span></p> - -<p>It remains now to recommend, as earnestly and as -strongly as possible, to the inhabitants of this Land of -Freedom individually, a particular and serious attention -to <span class="allsmcap">THE ABSOLUTE NECESSITY, ON EVERY -CONSIDERATION OF MORALITY AND JUSTICE, OF -PUTTING AN END TO A PRACTICE SO PREGNANT -WITH CIRCUMSTANCES OF TERROR AND ALARM -TO THIS COUNTRY</span>.</p> - -<p>Much has been lately done, by the united friends of -equitable freedom, in circulating throughout the kingdom -important information on this interesting subject: -but much remains yet to be done. The minds of -many have been informed, and their indignation justly -kindled by the history of a commerce “<em>written -throughout in characters of blood</em><a id="FNanchor_12" href="#Footnote_12" class="fnanchor">[12]</a>.” But the understandings -it is to be fear’d, of a great majority of the -people of England, are still unenlightened. Should -the foregoing Short Sketch of the Evidence, awaken -the feelings, or quicken the attention, of any, in favour -of their greatly injured fellow-creatures, the oppressed -Africans, it is much to be wished, that they -will not hastily dismiss the subject from their recollection, -or suffer its painful impressions to be made -in vain: but seek a further acquaintance with the -evidence, which the more they examine, the stronger -will be their inducements to exert every power and -faculty they possess, for the purpose of procuring the -Abolition of the Slave-Trade. Let no one say, “my -situation of privacy and obscurity, precludes all possibility -of serving the cause”—for the greatest numbers -consist of units, and the most mighty exertions of -states and empires are but aggregates of individual -ability. Next to Members of Parliament, all who have -any just influence in the election of them, are particularly<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_25"></a>[25]</span> -concerned to consider, how far the attainment -of the great end we have in view may depend upon -their conduct. We may certainly conclude, that whoever -is not a friend to the liberty of the meanest subject, -is not fit to be entrusted with that of the state: -and even those who have no vote, are nevertheless -comprehended in our idea of the public mind,—nor -is any man of sense and virtue, let his situation in a -free country be what it may, to be deemed of <em>no account</em>. -Upon his judgment, his voice (if not his -vote,) his example, much may depend. The discovery -of truth, the communication of useful knowledge, -and the exemplary recommendation of virtuous conduct, -may dignify a plebeian, as well as add lustre to -a crown. Even a negro slave, amidst the horrors of -a middle passage, and debased by every external circumstance -of degradation and misery that the imagination -can conceive, shall divide his meagre morsel<a id="FNanchor_13" href="#Footnote_13" class="fnanchor">[13]</a> -with the inhuman monster in distress, who stole him -from his native country, and his nearest connexions, -thereby returning all the <span class="allsmcap">GOOD</span> in his power, for all -the <span class="allsmcap">EVIL</span> his merciless enemy could inflict, and giving -an example of true benevolence of heart and real -greatness of mind, unsurpassed in the history of civilized -nations, and worthy of the best and purest of -all religions:—“<em>if thine enemy hunger, feed him; if -he thirst, give him drink</em><a id="FNanchor_14" href="#Footnote_14" class="fnanchor">[14]</a>.” Let no one, therefore, -think too meanly of himself when called upon to assist -in a good cause, seeing, that from the most abject -state of human wretchedness a lesson may sometimes -be learnt, and an influence imparted which the proudest -philosophy need not blush to own. The abolition<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_26"></a>[26]</span> -of the slave trade is an object of such high importance, -and so nearly concerns every one who has a mind to -comprehend, and a heart to feel, that no communication -or assistance is too <em>small</em>, nor any too <em>great</em>, to -be exerted upon this occasion.</p> - -<p>Some people seem inclined to lend an ear to tales -of human woe, and feel a certain gratification in beholding -the exhibitions of tragedy, or in the perusal -of pathetic poetry, and the like. Even the case of -the oppressed Africans, when represented by their favourite -bards, or appearing in the form of the “<em>Dying -Slave</em>,” or the “<em>Negro’s Complaint</em>,” seem to possess, -if not charms to please, at least powers forcibly -to attract their willing attention, and to win their -sympathetic regard. Yet the evidence delivered before -the House of Commons, containing a true and -faithful account of the miseries and wickedness attendant -upon the traffic in their fellow-creatures, unembellished -by flourishes of rhetoric, undecorated with -the splendid habiliments of poetry, is almost in vain -recommended to their notice. Should they be prevailed -upon to cast their eye over a few pages of the -shocking history, they presently shut up the book—it -makes them shudder—they have read enough—such -horrid barbarities, such complicated sufferings, -are not to be endured even in imagination! But let -such remember—“that humanity consists not in a -squeamish ear—it consists not in a starting or shrinking -at such tales as these, but in a disposition of heart -to relieve misery, and to prevent the repetition of cruelty:—Humanity -appertains rather to the mind than -to the nerves, and prompts men to real, disinterested -endeavours to give happiness to their fellow-creatures<a id="FNanchor_15" href="#Footnote_15" class="fnanchor">[15]</a>.” -It is therefore to be wished that no affection<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_27"></a>[27]</span> -of extreme sensibility, or <ins class="corr" id="tn-27" title="Transcriber’s Note—Original text: 'real effiminacy'"> -real effeminacy</ins> of manners, -may disincline, or disqualify, for the service of humanity. -That extreme <span class="allsmcap">DELICACY</span> which deprives us, -if not of the disposition, yet of the ability to encounter -suffering for the sake of, and in order to help our -brethren in affliction, and under the <ins class="corr" id="tn-27a" title="Transcriber’s Note—Original text: 'severest oppession'"> -severest oppression</ins>, is detrimental to its possessor, and injurious to -the community; it renders compassion a painful, -useless thing, and makes beneficence fruitless.</p> - -<p>To the busy and the gay “<em>a great book is a great -evil</em>.” <span class="smcap">Two thousand pages in folio</span>, written -(like Ezekiel’s roll) within and without,—lamentations, -mourning and woe, stand but little chance of obtaining -<em>their</em> notice—even <span class="smcap">the Abstract of the -Evidence</span>, would detain some of them too long -from their eager pursuits of business, or their favourite -schemes of pleasure. This <span class="allsmcap">HASTY SKETCH</span> will -not, however, it may be presumed, encroach too -much upon their time; and well rewarded will the -compiler of it be, if it should prove a stimulus to -further investigation of the Evidence. No one knows -what opportunities he may have, or how far his influence -may extend, to assist the endeavours now using -for the abolition of a trade, the continued carrying -on of which, after being so fully apprized of its -dreadful enormity, may be expected (without the smallest -tincture of <ins class="corr" id="tn-27b" title="Transcriber’s Note—Original text: 'superstious fear'"> -superstitious fear</ins>) to expose this nation -to the just punishment of <span class="smcap">Providence</span>.</p> - -<p>Three nations, Juvan, Tubal, and Meshech, are -mentioned in Scripture<a id="FNanchor_16" href="#Footnote_16" class="fnanchor">[16]</a> as having their principal -trade at Tyre in the <em>selling of men</em>. This circumstance -has been appealed to in vindication of the -African Slave-Trade:—but mark the sequel. In the -following chapter, verse 18, the Prophet addresses<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_28"></a>[28]</span> -the Prince of Tyre thus:—“Thou hast defiled thy -sanctuaries by the multitude of thine iniquities, by the -iniquity of thy traffic: <em>therefore</em> will I bring forth a -fire from the midst of thee, it shall devour thee, and -I will bring thee to ashes upon the earth.” A prophecy -which has been remarkably fulfilled.</p> - -<p>The great leader in the Debates of the House of -Commons on this momentous subject has declared—“That -interested as he may be supposed to be in the -final event of the question, he was comparatively indifferent -as to the then decision of the House. Whatever -they might do, the people of Great Britain, he -was confident, would abolish the slave-trade, when, -as would now soon happen, its injustice and cruelty -should be fairly laid before them. It was (said he) a -nest of serpents, which would never have endured so -long, but for the darkness in which they lay hid. The -light of day would now be let in upon them, and they -would vanish from the sight.”</p> - -<p class="right"> -<em>W. B. C.</em><br /> -</p> - - -<div class="chapter"></div> -<div class="footnotes"><h2 class="nobreak" id="FOOTNOTES">FOOTNOTES:</h2> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_1" href="#FNanchor_1" class="label">[1]</a> Speech of the Chancellor of the Exchequer in the House of Commons.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_2" href="#FNanchor_2" class="label">[2]</a> Fox’s ditto.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_3" href="#FNanchor_3" class="label">[3]</a> Printed by J. Phillips, George-Yard, Lombard Street.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_4" href="#FNanchor_4" class="label">[4]</a> Wilberforce’s Speech in the House of Commons.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_5" href="#FNanchor_5" class="label">[5]</a> Speech by W. Smith in the House of Commons.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_6" href="#FNanchor_6" class="label">[6]</a> See Stanley’s Speech in the House of Commons.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_7" href="#FNanchor_7" class="label">[7]</a> In some estates it is usual to dig a hole in the ground, which they -put the bellies of pregnant women, while they whip them, that they -may not excuse punishment, nor yet endanger the life of the woman or -child.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_8" href="#FNanchor_8" class="label">[8]</a> General Tottenham saw a youth, about nineteen, walking in the -streets, in a most deplorable situation, entirely naked, and with an iron -collar about his neck, with five long projecting spikes. His body, before -and behind, his breech, belly and thighs, were almost cut to pieces, and -with running soars all over them, and you might put your finger in some -of the wheals. He could not sit down, owing to his breech being in a -state of mortification, and it was impossible for him to lie down, from the -projection of the prongs. The boy came to the general to ask relief. -He was shocked at his appearance, and asked him what he had done to -suffer such a punishment, and who inflicted it. He said it was his master, -who lived about two miles from town, and that as he could not work, he -would give him nothing to eat.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_9" href="#FNanchor_9" class="label">[9]</a> Jamaica.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_10" href="#FNanchor_10" class="label">[10]</a> Speech of W. Wilberforce, in the House of Commons.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_11" href="#FNanchor_11" class="label">[11]</a> Speech of C. J. Fox in the House of Commons. Reported by -Woodfall.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_12" href="#FNanchor_12" class="label">[12]</a> Speech of W. Wilberforce, Esq. in the House of Commons.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_13" href="#FNanchor_13" class="label">[13]</a> In one of the ships we find the slaves privately and voluntarily feeding -the hungry sailors with a part of their own scanty allowance.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_14" href="#FNanchor_14" class="label">[14]</a> Rom. xii. chap. 20 ver.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_15" href="#FNanchor_15" class="label">[15]</a> Fox’s Speech in the House of Commons.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_16" href="#FNanchor_16" class="label">[16]</a> Ezek. xxvii. 13.</p> - -</div> -</div> - - -<div class="chapter"></div> -<div class="p4 transnote"> -<a id="TN"></a> -<p><strong>TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE</strong></p> - -<p>Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been -corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within -the text and consultation of external sources.</p> - -<p>Except for those changes noted below, all misspellings in the text, -and inconsistent or archaic usage, have been retained.</p> - -<p> -<a href="#tn-2">Pg 2</a>: ‘important Puplications’ replaced by ‘important Publications’.<br /> -<a href="#tn-3">Pg 3</a>: ‘SHOTR SKETCH’ replaced by ‘SHORT SKETCH’.<br /> -<a href="#tn-6">Pg 6</a>: ‘participate the profits’ replaced by ‘participate in the profits’.<br /> -<a href="#tn-10">Pg 10</a>: ‘The thumscrew is’ replaced by ‘The thumbscrew is’.<br /> -<a href="#tn-11">Pg 11</a>: ‘capable of swiming’ replaced by ‘capable of swimming’.<br /> -<a href="#tn-11a">Pg 11</a>: ‘with the ferociety’ replaced by ‘with the ferocity’.<br /> -<a href="#tn-15">Pg 15</a>: ‘They are retured’ replaced by ‘They are returned’.<br /> -<a href="#tn-16">Pg 16</a>: ‘large scissars’ replaced by ‘large scissors’.<br /> -<a href="#tn-16a">Pg 16</a>: ‘took a hammar’ replaced by ‘took a hammer’.<br /> -<a href="#tn-17">Pg 17</a>: ‘his own villany’ replaced by ‘his own villainy’.<br /> -<a href="#tn-18">Pg 18</a>: ‘these barbaraties’ replaced by ‘these barbarities’.<br /> -<a href="#tn-21">Pg 21</a>: ‘or a Goal’ replaced by ‘or a Gaol’.<br /> -<a href="#tn-27">Pg 27</a>: ‘real effiminacy’ replaced by ‘real effeminacy’.<br /> -<a href="#tn-27a">Pg 27</a>: ‘severest oppession’ replaced by ‘severest oppression’.<br /> -<a href="#tn-27b">Pg 27</a>: ‘superstious fear’ replaced by ‘superstitious fear’.<br /> -</p> -</div> - - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A SHORT SKETCH OF THE EVIDENCE FOR THE ABOLITION OF THE SLAVE TRADE, DELIVERED BEFORE A COMMITTEE OF THE HOUSE OF COMMONS ***</div> -<div style='text-align:left'> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will -be renamed. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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