diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'old/68938-0.txt')
| -rw-r--r-- | old/68938-0.txt | 3113 |
1 files changed, 0 insertions, 3113 deletions
diff --git a/old/68938-0.txt b/old/68938-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index ba89232..0000000 --- a/old/68938-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3113 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of A campaign in Mexico, by Benjamin -Franklin Scribner - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: A campaign in Mexico - -Author: Benjamin Franklin Scribner - -Release Date: September 8, 2022 [eBook #68938] - -Language: English - -Produced by: The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at - https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images - generously made available by The Internet Archive) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A CAMPAIGN IN MEXICO *** - - - -[Illustration: - - BATTLE - _OF_ - BUENA VISTA] - - - - - A - - CAMPAIGN IN MEXICO. - - BY - - “ONE WHO WAS THAR.” - - “Variety is the spice of life.” - - PHILADELPHIA: - - JAMES GIHON. - - AND FOR SALE BY ALL BOOKSELLERS AND COUNTRY MERCHANTS - SOUTH AND WEST. - - 1850. - - - - -PREFACE. - - -In thus bringing myself before the public as an author, I offer no -apology. I make no pretensions to literary merit. The following -pages were written in the confusion and inconvenience of camp, with -limited sources of information, and without any expectation of future -publication. I offer nothing but a faithful description of my own -feelings, and of incidents in the life of a volunteer. To such as may -be interested in an unvarnished relation of facts, connected with the -duties, fatigues and perils of a soldier’s life, I respectfully submit -this volume. - - B. F. SCRIBNER. - - NEW ALBANY, - _Indiana_. - - - - -PUBLISHERS’ NOTE. - - -To the interest of a simple personal narrative, this volume adds the -value of a faithful description of that part of a soldier’s duty in the -camp and field, which is necessarily excluded from official accounts -or general histories. It attracted in manuscript the attention of the -publishers, as a work similar in spirit and purpose to Dana’s “Two -Years before the Mast,” although necessarily less varied in incident, -and less comprehensive in information than that very popular production. - -The map of the field of Buena Vista by Lieutenant Green, of the 15th -infantry, is presented as the most accurate yet published, having been -approved by many distinguished officers as a true representation of -the ground, and of the relative positions of the corps of the American -and Mexican armies, on the day of the battle. A careful examination of -the map and references, will afford a clearer idea of the movements of -both, and of the progress of the action, than any of the descriptions -which have yet appeared. - - - - - INCIDENTS - OF A - CAMPAIGN IN MEXICO. - - -_July._--We left the New Albany wharf, July 11th, 1846, at one o’clock -A.M., and are now winding our way to New Orleans, on the noble steamer -Uncle Sam, _en route_ to the wars in Mexico. I am wholly unable to -describe my thoughts and emotions, at leaving my native home, with its -endearing associations, and embarking upon a venturesome career of -fatigue, privation, and danger. I stood upon the hurricane deck, and -could see by the moonlight crowds of my fellow townsmen upon the bank, -and in the intervals of the cannon’s roar, returned their encouraging -cheers. As we glided down, the last objects that met my lingering gaze, -were the white dresses and floating handkerchiefs of our fair friends. -How few of us may return to receive their welcome! - -I am becoming more and more impressed with the aristocracy of -office. Those who hold commissions have the best pay, the best -fare, and all the honor. The private performs the work, endures the -privation, and when the toils and sufferings of the campaign are over, -forgetfulness folds him gracefully in her capacious mantle. The cabin -has been reserved for the staff and commissioned officers, while the -non-commissioned and privates enjoy decks the best way they can. I -now realize that when one takes up arms voluntarily in defence of his -country’s institutions, he forfeits his claim to gentility, thereby -rendering himself liable to all kinds of cold, cheerless inattention. -Under a full appreciation of this fact, one of my companions and -myself applied to the Captain of the steamer for a cabin passage. He -granted our request, with the Colonel’s consent, and by paying extra -ten dollars, we were permitted to occupy the last remaining room, and -enjoy the very great privilege of sitting at the same table with our -titled superiors. - -There are five companies on board, and all appear in good spirits. -They are following the bent of their several inclinations. At a table -above me is a group of “Greys” busily engaged in signing resolutions -indicative of their disapprobation of the course of Gov. Whitcomb and -his advisers, in officering and forming our regiments. I will not here -try to show how all our plans have been frustrated, nor speak of the -many discouraging circumstances under which we go away; suffice to -say, I willingly signed the resolutions, which will be sent home for -publication. I pause to listen to a song in which Prof. Goff appears to -lead. - -How pleasing are the impressions made upon the mind by a beautiful -landscape, when advantageously seen and properly appreciated. We have -just passed three islands lying almost side by side, thereby giving -great width to the river. They are indeed beautiful. Viewed in the -distance they appear like three huge tufts of grass. - - -_12th._--Our noble craft is now ploughing the bosom of the “Great -Father of Waters.” There is something truly sublime in beholding a -mighty river moving on in its course, defying every resistance, and -bearing silently on towards the ocean. There is a tiresomeness in the -scenery upon the banks of this noble stream, when compared with the -diversified character of that found upon either side of the beautiful -Ohio. - -It is remarked generally by those among us, accustomed to travelling, -that a more orderly set of men they have never seen than the volunteers -from Indiana. The Greys attract much attention by their jokes and -animation. They lead in the dance, and three of their number take the -front rank in music. Goff with his guitar, Tuley with his violin, -and Matthews with his vocal accompaniments, constitute a musical -trio, possessing power to cheer the soldier’s saddest hour. I have -formed quite an agreeable acquaintance with the clerks of the boat, -who manifest much interest in my future welfare. We have just passed -the mouth of the Arkansas river, and I do not remember to have seen -a single farmhouse for a distance of many miles, that indicates -competency or convenience. - - -_17th._--After a most delightful trip of five days we arrived at the -great City of the South, and are now encamped on the “Battle Ground” -of the memorable 8th of January. We are almost deluged in water and -mud, as it has rained almost every day since we left home. Having -pitched our tents, several of us not particularly delighted with our -new quarters, sought more congenial lodgings in the city, where we have -remained ever since, but shall rendezvous and proceed to camp in the -morning. In relation to my visit to the city, I shall not particularize -except to say, that I delivered a letter of introduction kindly given -me by a friend, and was joyfully recognized and received. - - -_18th._--In pursuance of appointment, several of us met next morning at -the Lower Market, negotiated with some Spaniards to take us in their -sail-boat to the encampment, and were soon under way. Having arrived, -we were forced to wade from the river to our tents, nearly to the knees -in mud and water. We were truly in a sorry plight. - -Some of the more enterprising in camp have greatly improved their -condition, by laying cordwood in the bottom of their tents. Our -condition is rendered more insupportable from the fact that the -“Barracks” are so short a distance from us, presenting so much of -comfort. We truly envy the regulars. - -On the afternoon of the same day we received orders to strike tents and -prepare for embarkation, which we joyfully obeyed. About midnight five -companies were economically stowed under the hatches of the ship Gov. -Davis. Our vessel, together with the Partheon, also containing Indiana -troops, was soon towed onward to the Gulf. - - -_19th._--We entered the Gulf next morning, and started upon our course -with a fair wind, which, however, was of short duration. It soon -commenced raining, and while I write, head winds impede our progress. -Sea sickness and low spirits prevail. I have not yet been affected by -the former, but am by no means realizing the pleasure trip, which some -of my friends anticipated. If they could spend a night in the hold of -this crowded vessel, they would not dream of citron groves or perfumed -bowers. - - -_20th._--In view of bettering my condition last night, I sought new -lodgings by climbing up under the seat of an inverted yawl, where I -slept, or tried to sleep; for the seat was short, narrow and hard, -as my bones can testify. It was also dark and stormy. The wind, rain, -thunder, lightning, and creaking of the ship, as she heaved and surged -through the billows, filled my mind with fear and anxiety, and kept -me the whole night clinging to my narrow perching place. The sky is -now clear, and wind fair, and the whole face of nature changed. We -are gracefully gliding through the white spray, as it glitters in the -sunbeams. The gorgeously tinted clouds are reflected upon the waves, in -all the colors of the rainbow. This is the first time I have enjoyed a -scene at sea, or fully realized being out sight of land. The undulating -motion of the vessel, instead of making me sick, produces real -pleasure. How exhilarating to feel ourselves riding up, up, and down, -down with such regularity, fanned by the breezes that whistle through -the sails! - - -_21st._--Last evening was spent in organizing a debating club from -the soldier fragments of the Caleopean Society, together with several -new members. Grave and powerful speeches were made, and the question -“Should the pay of volunteers be increased?” was discussed in a -masterly manner. Arguments on both sides were unanswerable, and -consequently unanswered. But as the exercises were got up more for -amusement than improvement, they closed at an early hour, with a -musical finale by the trio performers, who, with the captain of the -ship, and others were convened upon the quarter-deck. We then stretched -ourselves upon the deck, where we slept undisturbed, save when in the -way of the sailors managing the ship. - -This morning there appeared to be a general depression of spirits -among the Greys. Complaints were heard from many who before had not -been known to murmur. Our quarters between decks are truly unenviable, -and the heat and stench almost insupportable. We had a fine treat -to-day for dinner. The captain of the Greys had the good fortune to -capture a young shark. It was very acceptably served up in the form of -chowder. The wind is rather more favorable than it has yet been, but -our progress is still slow, and it is the general opinion, it will be -several days before we arrive at Point Isabel. Another and myself spent -a portion of the afternoon upon the quarter deck reading plays from -Shakspeare, after which we were all richly entertained in listening to -the glowing descriptions of Napoleon and his marshals by Headley. - - -_22d._--We have now fair wind, and are making fine speed. This morning -the reading party was broken up by the fantastic gambols of a shoal -of porpoises. This was quite an incident, and was hailed with much -pleasure by the ennui-burdened passengers. At noon we found by the -altitude, that we were but six hours’ sail from Galveston, and but -half way to our destination. The captain says if the wind continues -favorable, we shall, however, reach there in two days. I have felt -gloomy and low spirited all day; owing, I suppose, to our uncomfortable -situation. - - -_23d._--This has been a miserable day. I do not think I ever spent -one more unhappily. In fact, ever since I have been aboard this ship, -I have had the blues most supremely. The crowd, the confusion, the -dirt, the continual heaving of the vessel, and the dismal wo-begone -countenances, of companions, are well calculated to fill the mind with -reckless despondency. - - -_24th._--We are now lying at anchor five miles from Brazos Santiago. -About 8 o’clock, last night we witnessed the affecting sight of -a burial at sea. It was indeed a thrilling scene. The moon and -stars shone in all their brilliancy, as if indifferent to human -woes. The body of the dead wrapped in his blanket--the soldier’s -winding-sheet--was brought upon deck. A few words of consolation to -friends composed the ceremony, and the body was lowered into the quiet -deep, food for the “hyenas of the ocean.” I never shall forget the -foreboding pause of the vessel, or the awful splash of the corpse -as it fell into its watery grave. With sad emotions awakened in my -bosom, I lay down upon the quarter-deck, and was ruminating upon the -blighted hopes of this unfortunate youth, when I was aroused by an -approaching storm. I sought shelter in the hold, but the crowd, the -heat, the stench and the groanings of the sick, rendering it almost -insupportable, I soon went aloft, preferring death by drowning to -suffocation. The rain had ceased, but having lost my blanket, I was -forced to take the wet deck and make the best of it. We shall have to -remain on the vessel anchored in the offing, until conveyed ashore by -steamers, to procure which the general and staff have just started in a -long boat. - -It is grateful, under any circumstances, to have friends, but how much -additional pleasure it gives to find them among strangers. To find one -here and there, who can sympathize with us in misfortune, and feel -interested in our welfare, when we least expect it, is calculated to -give us better views of humanity. My thoughts were directed to this -subject by the kindness of one of the mates of the ship. One day, -when I was sitting in a rather musing mood, he introduced himself -by familiarly accosting me with “Frank, how goes it?” After some -conversation on matters of present interest, he inquired how I came -to volunteer. I explained to him some of the causes. Among others -I told him the “Spencer Greys” was an independent company formed -several years ago, and chiefly composed of young men of New Albany. -They had attracted much attention by the splendor of their uniform, -their prompt and accurate movements in the drill, and their superior -skill in target firing. They had won many prizes from neighboring -companies, and thereby gained a celebrity, as possessing all the -requisite qualifications to meet the foe, providing courage, that -essential quality in a soldier, was not wanting. The call went forth -for volunteers, and the inquiry was naturally made, “Where are the -Greys?” To say nothing of the many motives that may prompt, pride to -sustain the reputation already gained was sufficient for most of us. -Our company was filled up, and we reported ourselves in readiness to -the governor, and were duly accepted. Here my new friend was called -to supper, and upon declining to accompany him, he kindly insisted I -should receive a package of finely flavored cigars, upon which I can -regale luxuriously. - - -_25th._--We are still waiting in the most painful suspense and anxiety, -for transportation ashore. For my own part I have made up my mind to -bear everything like a philosopher. I entered upon this campaign, -expecting to meet with privation and suffering; and judging from the -past I am likely to realize my expectations. But trifling officers, -and our very unpleasant situation on this filthy ship, are distresses -that most of us overlooked in our calculation. Hereafter I am resolved -to take everything easy, and complain as little as possible. Surfeited -with bacon and hard mouldy bread, and in consideration of the frequent -invitations from the mate to eat with him, I went to the steward, and -negotiated for one dollar a day to take my meals at the table of the -ship. After dinner I was beckoned to the lower cabin by my friend the -mate, where he brought forth a rare collation, upon which we feasted -like epicures. He opened his chest and showed me many curiosities from -China, Java, and other foreign countries. He also furnished a list -of clothing, handkerchiefs, paper, pencils, and lastly his hammock, -and begged me to take freely anything that would contribute to my -comfort, as it would give him great pleasure to share with me. I -declined receiving anything upon the ground that I was well provided, -and could not carry his hammock, upon the comforts of which he so fully -expatiated. I did, however, accept a superior cedar pencil, and warmly -thanked him for his kind offers. He tells me he is a native of Boston, -and a brother of Thayres, who is interested in the Boston and Liverpool -line of steamers. - - -_26th._--We are spending another Lord’s day in a heathenish manner. -There are very few among us who spend the day differently from other -days. We have not yet heard from our officers. Most of us have ceased -to make calculations upon the future. How strangely is man subject to -fluctuation of feeling!--with what suddenness the mind can fly from -pleasure to pain! Last night I realized this in its fullest sense. I -was seated astern luxuriating under the influence of a fine cigar, -(thanks to my new friend,) and for the first time witnessed a clear -sunset at sea. It was one of the most glorious scenes I ever beheld. -The whole western sky was illuminated with the most gorgeous colors. -The refulgent sun slowly sinking into the liquid blue until nearly -immersed, sank at once, and a dark mist shot upward in his pathway to -the clouds, which still retained their variegated tints. The whole -scene was sublimely beautiful, and filled me with a joyful enthusiasm. -The sea breeze, and the graceful rocking of the ship contributed to -the effect. At such a moment how sweet is the thought of home, and the -pleasures we long to share with loved ones left behind! These alluring -reflections led me at length to a vein of melancholy, and produced a -complete reaction in my whole feelings, which harmonized well with the -changed and threatening aspect of the gathering clouds. We have just -been thrown into a state of intense excitement by the arrival of a -steamer which has taken three of our companies. The rest will remain -till morning. - - -_27th._--According to arrangement, the steamer arrived this morning, -to transport us to the island. During the bustle of transfer, we were -attracted to the stern of the ship, where the sailors had caught a -shark, on a hook baited with bacon. Soon a great crowd was collected, -many climbing over the bulwarks and among the rigging to witness the -captured fish. He was at length harpooned and shot, but was so large -we could not conveniently bring it on board. Just as we were leaving -the ship an affray took place between the steward and one of our men, -which was soon participated in by the mates, and many of our party. -Several blows passed, pistols were presented, and for a time serious -consequences were feared, but the trouble was soon settled, when the -mate understood the circumstances of the case. It appeared that one -of our men and an officer claimed the same piece of ice, each one -persisting in having bought it of the steward, to whom it was at last -left to decide. He declared in favor of the officer and gave our man -the lie, &c. Then came the knocks. But as I said before, everything was -soon adjusted, and we separated with perfect good feeling. As we shoved -off the mates and crew (steward excepted) leaned over the bulwarks, and -gave us three hearty cheers. We landed at Brazos Santiago about noon, -having had several hard thumps as we passed the reefs. - - -_28th._--Yesterday about dark we pitched our tents, and ate our -suppers, after which many of us proceeded to the beach, and enjoyed -the luxury of sea-bathing. The convenience here for this refreshing -operation cannot be surpassed. We waded out on the reefs and turning -our faces to the shore, received the angry surges upon our backs, -or facing them again could see one after another coming at regular -distances, roaring like a cataract fall, and with foam and spray, -dashing onward, like a white plumed army rushing to the charge. In -regular succession they swept over our heads. We were all highly -delighted with the novelty of the scene, which may be enjoyed, but not -described. After rising this morning, the first thing was to repeat -the exercises of last night, which greatly refreshed us, and sharpened -our appetites for the morning meal. The scorching rays of the sun came -down upon us “doubly distilled and highly concentrated;” the effects -of which are, however, greatly counteracted by the sea-breeze. The -thermometer stood yesterday at 90°. - -The island is about 3¹⁄₂ miles wide, and very prolific in oysters, -clams, crabs and fish. It may be compared to a sand bar occasionally -diversified by little mounds, which are moved about by the storms that -visit it. I am told that not long ago several families were destroyed -by one of these dreadful tempests. One of our officers, when walking -along the beach the other day, unconsciously trod upon the exposed body -of a man partially decayed, that two weeks ago was buried six feet -in the sand. I am informed that the 1st Indiana regiment will leave -for the Rio Grande in two days. If this be the case, our stay here -will not be long. There are about 5000 troops here, most of whom will -leave before us. We are in fine health and spirits, and continually -congratulating ourselves, upon our escape from the detested ship. - - -_31st._--I have spent the last two days in running about, and in -writing letters to my friends, one of which I shall here embody in my -journal, as it contains all that has transpired since my last date: - -“Having already delayed too long, in hopes of sending you some news, -I will commence at once, as your facilities for obtaining the truth -are not much better than mine. There are so many conflicting rumors -continually floating about the camp, and orders arriving daily -purporting to be from Gen. Taylor, that we are getting to believe -nothing, and to make as few calculations upon the future as possible. -I shall therefore send you nothing in the news line that I don’t think -correct. - -“The 1st and 3d Indiana regiments left yesterday for the Rio Grande, -the mouth of which is eight miles down the beach. From thence they will -be taken by steamboats up the river. We expect to start on to-morrow. -Some say we will stop at Barita, and others at the head-quarters -opposite Matamoras. - -“I am sitting upon the sand and writing this, while some of the -boys are cooking, others washing, and some enjoying the luxury of a -sea bath, hunting shells, oysters, &c. We would all present a novel -appearance, could you see us now. I sometimes almost lose my own -identity. The sudden change of occupation and associations affects us -all. - -“The health of the company is good, and all are making the best of -everything. We have but two or three sick, and they are recovering, -except one, and he is very low. He has been prevailed upon to accept -a discharge, and will return home in the first vessel. He is a good -fellow, and all of us regret to part with him. - -“General Lane has just returned from an interview with General Taylor, -bearing orders for us to leave in the morning. Another election in our -regiment for Colonel will take place this evening, and, if possible, I -will send you the result. - -“The day before yesterday another and myself obtained permission to -visit Point Isabel. We accordingly set out early in the morning. After -crossing the Brazos in a sail-boat, we first visited the hospital -containing the sick and wounded of the 8th and 9th. The rooms were -large and airy, and everything characterized by cleanliness and order. -It is an affecting sight for an American to behold his countrymen -wounded in carrying out the demands of his government, to see them with -their legs and arms blown off, rendering them ever afterwards incapable -of enjoying active life. I was surprised and delighted with the -patience and good humor they exhibited, and with what good feeling the -infantry and dragoons joked and rallied each other. The first instance -was brought about by my addressing one of them with, ‘My friend you -do not look much like a wounded man.’ Said he, ‘I wasn’t much hurt, -but that man sitting on my right, belongs to May’s dragoons, who have -so immortalized themselves. He was shot all over with six pounders.’ -The one pointed out pleasantly rejoined. ‘You are jealous because we -fought harder than you did.’ Then turning to us he continued: ‘Yes, -the infantry got into a difficulty and cried, “come and help us;” -that was enough, so we rode up and saved them; now they envy us our -distinction.’ ‘No we don’t,’ replied the other, ‘no we don’t. We -know you did all the fighting. Uncle Sam could not get along without -you.’ ‘Do you see,’ said the dragoon, still addressing us, ‘how they -try to take away our laurels? I will not talk with my inferiors. You -know our privates rank with their orderly sergeants.” We then passed -on to others, who freely answered all our questions. They are all -convalescent with the exception of one prisoner, who was shot in both -legs. One leg has been amputated, and it is supposed the other will -have to be, and that he will not be able to survive the operation. From -here we proceeded to the armory, and were shown some copper balls taken -in the late battles. We then visited Major Ringgold’s grave. It is -enclosed with a wooden fence, the rails of which are filled with holes, -so as to admit musket barrels. These form the palings, the bayonets -serving as pickets. Two boards painted black serve for tombstones. -The newly made graves of volunteers were scattered around, with no -names to distinguish them. Thus we realize all their day-dreams of an -unfading name. We then retraced our steps towards the quartermaster’s -depot, stopping at intervals to speak with the regulars, who were very -courteous and patronizing, evidently feeling their superiority. - -“At the outer edge of the entrenchments, we passed by a party of -Mexicans. We could not but exclaim, ‘Are these the people we came to -fight against?’ You can form no idea of their wretched appearance, -without thinking of the most abject poverty and ignorance. They had -brought hides to sell, on carts with wooden wheels, drawn by oxen -with a straight stick lashed to the horns for a yoke. Having arrived -at the quartermaster’s, we were shown some pack saddles, and camp -equipage taken in the two battles. I never was more disappointed with -the appearance of a place than I was with Point Isabel. The government -houses are built principally like barns with canvas roofs. There are in -the place only three or four old Spanish huts, with thatched roofs; the -rest are tents and canvas covered booths. Capt. Bowles has been elected -Colonel by about 100 of a majority. We start for the mouth of the Rio -Grande to-morrow at daylight.” - - -_Aug. 1._--As I stated in the foregoing letter, W. A. Bowles of Orange -County is now our Colonel elect, Captains Sanderson and Reauseau being -the opposing candidates. I shall here refrain from speaking of the -present defeat, but I am well assured that Sanderson was honestly -elected at New Albany; and yet losing one of the company returns, was -enough to break the election, although the clerks were willing to -swear that Sanderson had a majority! How we have been gulled and led -about by a set of political demagogues, who, regardless of the fearful -responsibility, have forced themselves into positions they possess no -qualifications to fill, with a hope thereby to promote their future -political aggrandizement. O! shame on such patriotism!--According to -orders early this morning, we took up the line of march for the mouth -of the Rio Grande, stopping only to prepare to wade the lagoon. Having -arrived, we pitched our tents to await transportation. - - -_19th._--By way of relating what has transpired in the last two weeks, -I will copy a letter to two of my relatives, containing most that I -would have journalized. - -“I received your letter, and under no circumstances could it have been -more acceptable. The company left the mouth of the Rio Grande on the -3d inst., except one of the lieutenants and myself, who were sent -up the day before with eight men, to guard the commissary stores. We -arrived at this place, Camp Belknap, fourteen miles below Matamoros, -in the night, and remained on duty in the rain and mud with no shelter -for twenty-six hours. When the regiment arrived, we exchanged the duty -of sentinels for that of pack horses. We carried our baggage and camp -equipage, nearly a mile through a swamp, into the chaparel situated on -a slight elevation or ridge. It is universally admitted that a chaparel -cannot be described. I shall therefore attempt it no further than to -give some of the outlines of its character. - -“At a short distance it is indeed beautiful, resembling a well -cultivated young orchard. Upon a near approach we find the largest -trees do not exceed in size the peach or plum tree. These are very -crooked and ill-shaped, with pinnate leaves somewhat resembling the -locust. They are called musquite trees, and are scattered about at -irregular distances. The intervals are filled up with a kind of -barren-looking under-growth, which meets the branches of the former. -Prongs of this bush, with sharp steel-colored thorns, shoot out in all -directions, commencing just above the surface of the ground. The rest -of the chaparel is composed of all kinds of weeds, thickly interwoven -with briars, and interspersed with large plats of prickly pear and -other varieties of the cactus family. - -“I am conscious I have not done this subject justice. My powers of -description are inadequate, and in order to have a full and clear -conception of a chaparel, you must see and feel it too. Two days -occupied in clearing it away, preparing for an encampment, will give -any one a clear idea of its character. The expression so common with us, - - All bushes have thorns - All insects have horns, - -is almost true without exception. Even the frogs and grasshoppers are -in possession of the last mentioned appendages. - -“Our encampment is beautifully situated upon a grassy ridge, bounded -in front by the Rio Grande, opposite Barita, and in the rear by a vast -plain bedecked with little salt lakes. Now if you think this a romantic -spot, or that there is poetry connected with our situation, you need -only imagine us trudging through a swamp, lugging our mouldy crackers -and fat bacon, (for we are truly living on the fat of the land,) to -become convinced that this is not a visionary abode, but stern reality. -I have yet encountered but little else than sloughs, thorns, and the -‘rains and storms of heaven,’ and consequently have not appreciated the -clear nights and bright skies of the ‘sunny South.’ At present we have -finer weather, and it is said the rainy season is nearly over. - -“I hope that by speaking freely of things as they are, I am not -conveying the idea that I am discontented. Notwithstanding the -attractions of home, and the greatness of the contrast when compared -with these scenes, I never yet have regretted the step I have taken. We -sometimes think it hard to bear with the ignorance and inattention of -our field officers. The badly selected ground and our frequent want of -full rations may possibly not be attributable to their ignorance and -neglect, but they are certainly the ones to whom we look for redress. -Other regiments around us better officered, fare very differently. I -visited another corps the other day, and to my surprise found that they -had for some time been drawing an excellent article of flour, good -pickles, and molasses. This was the first time I knew that such things -could be obtained, except from the sutlers, who charged seventy-five -cents per quart for the last-mentioned article. - -“The more I see of our boys the stronger is my impression that a better -selection could not have been made. Our messmates are all well chosen, -and had we no other difficulties than those incident to a soldier’s -life, a happier set of fellows could not be found. The plans we form to -enliven, not only succeed with ourselves, but attract other companies. -Our quarters are frequently sought by them, to listen to our music, and -look upon our merry moonlight dances. - -“I am sometimes struck with the patience and philosophy exercised, even -while performing the humiliating drudgery of the camp. In my own case I -do not know whether it is owing to my selection of companions or not, -but I have never realized the exhaustion and fatigue a description of -our manner of procuring water and provisions would indicate. I have -just returned from one of these expeditions, and will here give you a -faithful description of the schemes resorted to, in order to lighten -our burdens. Another and myself set out with two iron camp-kettles -swung upon a tent pole. Walking about half a mile up the ridge, we -came to the crossing place--the narrowest place of the slough, which -ebbs and flows with the tide. This is unfit to drink on account of -possessing the essence of weeds, distilled by the combined action -of water and sun. In this clime he trifles not, but sends his rays -down with earnestness and energy. Well, after struggling through the -tangled weeds with water nearly to the waist, we in due time arrived -at the bank of the river, dipped up our water and sat down to rest. -We found but little inconvenience in getting water from the stream, -as it was filled to the top of its banks. The country here of late -has been almost inundated. The oldest residents say such a flood has -not been before for thirty years. If there is fatigue in going with -empty buckets, you may readily conceive what is the effect of filled -ones returning. The pole was kept continually twisting by the swinging -motion of the kettles, it being impossible to keep them steady on -account of the irregularities of the road. The difficulties of the -journey were greatly augmented by the depth and tenacity of the mud, -which kept us plunging about, and to our great consternation, causing -us to spill the precious liquid. - -“From this description you may think we had a cheerless trip. It was -not so. All was characterized by good humor. We started out crying -the lead, ‘a quarter less twain,’ until we exhausted the vein; then -turning military, the command was given, ‘guide right, cover your file -leader, left, left, left,’ &c. The novelty of the scenery and _genial -influences_ of the sun,--for I know of no other cause,--gradually -excited our minds as we proceeded through the quiet wave, and inspired -us to more noble and exalted demonstrations. Glory became the subject -of our song. Touching quotations from the poets, and inflamed, -impressive recitations, from ardent, patriotic orators and statesmen, -were resorted to, expressive of the high aspirations with which we -set out upon this glorious campaign. We then in lower tones spoke -of the realization of these day-dreams. With feelings thus awakened -we continued our wade. As we approached the land, whether it was -owing to a sensitive feeling upon the shoulders, a general physical -debility, the interesting associations, or the lulling murmur of the -ripples in our wake, I pretend not to say; at any rate ‘a change came -over the spirit of our dreams.’ Our minds reverted to the pleasing -recollections of home. The departed shades of good dinners, and clear, -cool refreshing drinks, rose before us, seducing our appetites from -coarser fare. Thus ended our trip, which, from our own reflections, and -the ludicrous contrasts of the present with the past, wound up with the -heartiest merriment. Safely landed, we drained our boots and proceeded -to tent No. 1., where the water was received by our thirsty messmates -with countenances expressive of joy and satisfaction. - -“The day before yesterday we lost one of our comrades, John Lewis, who -died from the effects of measles. Not one, to my knowledge, taken down -here with this disease has ever recovered. He was the second in size in -the company, and possessed a powerful frame and a strong constitution. -We gave him a soldier’s burial. We have obtained discharges for all our -sick who are dangerously ill. There is but a small chance for recovery -here. The disease may be partially overcome, but to regain strength, -when but little reduced, is almost impossible. I don’t wonder that our -hospitals are full when I think of that dreadful slough. For my own -part I was never blessed with better health. Ever since we landed at -Brazos, I have not in a single instance failed to report myself fit -for duty, at roll call every morning. None have escaped better. The -boys say I look so much like a Mexican in complexion, you would hardly -recognize me. I cannot say much about my face, as I seldom get a sight -of it, but my hands look very much the color of a new saddle. You would -be surprised to see the bronzing effect of the sun upon our finger -nails. This climate suits my constitution admirably, you therefore need -give yourselves no uneasiness about my health. - -“I do think I never had anything diffuse joy more suddenly through my -heart, than did the arrival of your letter. I had just returned from -wading the slough, loaded with provisions, as the company was going out -on four o’clock drill. I was wet to the waist, and worn out by heat and -over exercise. I perceived one of the lieutenants beckoning to me with -a paper in his hand. As soon as he attracted my attention, he threw it -on the ground, and hastened to join the company, which was marching to -the parade ground. I seized it, and without changing my clothes read it -over, and over again. It was soon spread among my friends, that I had -received a letter, and congratulations from all were showered upon me. -I read the expression, ‘Home; that word is dearer to you than ever,’ -which met with a hearty response. - -“The camp is continually agitated by rumors brought in by our scouting -parties. The other day the regiment was ordered out, our effective -force computed, and ammunition distributed, on account of one of these -reports. - -“You say you often wonder what I am doing. I will give you our daily -order of exercises. We are aroused at daylight by the reveille, and -have a company or squad drill for two hours; after which eight men and -a sergeant, or corporal, are detailed for guard. Company drill again -at four o’clock and regimental at five. The intervals are filled up -in getting wood, water and provisions, cooking and washing. Hunting -parties go out sometimes and kill fowls, cattle, wolves and snakes. One -day last week mess No. 14 served up for dinner a rattlesnake seven feet -long. There are many things I should like to write, but having already -spun this letter to an outlandish length, I conclude by thanking you -for the attention and consolation you have given my dear mother. The -affectionate regards of my brothers greatly encourage me. I am writing -this lying on the ground, with my paper on my blanket, and with noise -and confusion around.” - - -_31st._--If our spirits are depressed, and loneliness and ennui pervade -our feelings, when in good health, how much greater must be the -discontent and gloom that weigh upon us when sick? Nothing could be -more unenviable than my situation for the last two days. Last Thursday -we moved our encampment about a mile further down the river, below -the slough, upon the ground formerly occupied by the 2d regiment from -Kentucky. The heat, rain, violent exertions and other causes combined, -have brought upon me the prevailing disease of the season. I have -suffered from accompanying headaches and fever. My condition has been -much ameliorated by the kind attentions of officers and men. These -examples of generosity are teaching me gratitude, but I place myself -under obligation as little as possible. - -If any one should wish to fully appreciate home with its endearing -associations, let him imagine himself a sick soldier, with his body -protected from the ground only by the thickness of his blanket, a coat -or knapsack for a pillow, and the hot scorching sun beating through -his crowded tent. And in the intervals of a burning fever, should his -aching bones find repose in sleep, and in dreams - - “Friends and objects loved - Before the mind appear,” - -yet how fleeting are all earthly joys! The company on the right must -be drilled. He dreams again. He meets in fond embrace the object of -his purest affections, and is about to snatch a warm kiss of welcome. -That detested drum. Complain not. The sentinels must be relieved. I can -write no more now. My head grows dizzy. - - -_September 2d._--Last night the whole encampment was thrown into the -most intense excitement, by a row which broke out between two companies -of Georgia troops, who were embarking on the steamer Corvette for -Camargo. The combatants were principally Irish, and fought with their -characteristic determination. Although we were some distance from the -river, we could hear distinctly the blows, and demoniacal yells of -the rioters, which were truly appalling. The conflict continued for -two hours, during which several were killed, and wounded, and quite a -number terribly bruised, and others were knocked overboard and perhaps -drowned. Colonel Baker, of the 4th Illinois regiment, marched on board -with twelve men, and demanded peace. He was himself attacked by four -men with bayonets, which he warded off with his scabbard, at the same -time defending himself with his sword, from the attack of the Irish -captain, and succeeded in disabling him, by thrusting his sword into -his mouth, and cutting open the whole side of his cheek. A savage -yell was immediately heard from the mob, and the report of a pistol, -which was aimed at the brave colonel’s head. He fell badly wounded, -the ball entering the back of his neck, and coming out of his mouth. -Then came the cry, “Help, your colonel is shot,--they have killed -Colonel Baker.” This was too much, and we made a simultaneous rush -for our arms. Colonel Bowles ordered out five companies, the Greys -among the number,--and in five minutes we had a line formed around the -boat, and the riot quelled, before the Illinois regiment had arrived. -The exposure of last night has quite laid me up to-day, although the -captain of the guard called me from the ranks, and sent me to my -quarters long before morning. - -This has been a solemn day. We had two burials, and it is thought -Colonel Baker will not recover. The whole day has been occupied in the -court martial, which has resulted in sending the officers engaged in -the riot, under arrest, to General Taylor, who is now at Camargo. - - -_7th._--I am as well as ever again, and on duty. The regiment has just -been mustered by Captain Churchill, for two months’ pay. I have been -gloomy and low-spirited all day. When I reflect upon my situation here -in contrast with that at home, I can hardly realize that I am the same -person. Everything appears like a dream, and I almost believe I am -acting a part in which my own character is not represented. I am thrown -among the temptations of camp, but do not think the effect will be -demoralizing, or its impressions lasting. The more I see of vice and -dissipation, the firmer I believe a moral and virtuous life constitutes -the only sure guarantee of happiness. If permitted to return home, I -shall better appreciate its blessings, be a better friend, a kinder -brother and a more dutiful son. The more I know of the world, the -higher value I set upon friends. Oh! how sweet to enjoy their society, -and feel the capacities of the affections filled with congenial -objects! Here I have nothing to love, no one who knows my heart, or -understands my feelings. When I recall the impressions of mind under -which I volunteered, I have a presentiment that an unhappy fate awaits -me. I doubt whether a warm heart or a flowing soul is a source of more -pleasure than pain to its possessor. * * * * - - -_14th._--Two others and myself have just returned from a visit to -Matamoros. Three or four days since we left the camp in company with -several of the officers, on board the steamer Whiteville. They were -going to draw pay. The captain of the boat was quite disconcerted to -see so many of us (nearly twenty in all), coming on board. Having got -under way he still insisted he could not accommodate us; that he had -no right to stop for us, and that our orders from the quartermaster -were nothing to him. After much debate in relation to provisions, -starvation, &c., we settled down, and made up our minds for the worst, -which was bad enough, to say the least. The boat lay-to at night on -account of fog and the serpentine windings of the river. We stopped -twice to wood on the way. The ranchos along the banks are principally -owned by the rich, who live in the cities. General Arista’s crossing -was the first place we stopped. There are here about half a dozen -thatched huts, and about twenty “peons” employed in cutting wood, and -hauling it on carts with wooden wheels. Quite a number of us went -ashore and distributed ourselves among them. I went to the farthest -hut, where I was greatly amused by the little urchins. They were -running around the yard perfectly naked, notwithstanding the rain was -pouring down in torrents. I approached the house which contained one -man, two women and three or four children. They all arose, and made -the kindest demonstrations for me to enter. I declined, at the same -time pointing to my muddy feet. They signified “never mind the mud,” -and I walked in and seated myself upon a bench. One of the females -furnished me with a cushion to sit upon, covered with cloth of their -own weaving, which was fringed and ornamented with the brightest and -most showy of colors. We could understand each other very well upon -some subjects, such as the various articles of clothing, and the -prices of the different materials. Everything in the room was of the -roughest construction. The fire was placed at one end of the room upon -a floor, which was of the most primitive order. An aperture in the -roof served for a chimney, which but partially performed the agency. -They were destitute of chairs and bedsteads. Hides spread upon the -ground constituted their beds, an arrangement admirably adapted to -prevent injury upon the heads of children, caused by falling during -the dreamy hours of sleep. I was greatly pleased with the two women, -and with one especially. She appeared to belong to a higher station. -She was apparently about twenty-one, and looked very differently from -any of the sex I had yet seen in that region. Her forehead was high -and intellectual, her countenance was animated and intelligent. In -her ears were large golden pendants, which contrasted strangely with -the rude furniture around. Her beautifully delicate hand did honor -to the glittering jewels encircling her tapering fingers, which were -gracefully entwining the hair of her companion seated by her side. -Perhaps my preference for one was induced by the approving glances from -her “large, dark, eloquent eyes.” She had smoothed for me the cushion, -and flattered me with her looks, and I being in a frame of mind -rather susceptible to kind attentions, my vanity was very naturally -somewhat excited. They were both attired in the simplest manner. A -white chemise, and skirt girded around the waist with a yellow silk -sash comprised the whole arrangement. Their small beautiful feet were -not cramped in stockings or shoes, or their ankles hid with a skirt -too long. Their bosoms were not compressed in stays, or mantled in -cashmeres, but heaved freely under the healthful influences of the -genial sun and balmy air of the sunny south. I approached the mat where -they were sitting, and took the hand of a little girl, and touching -the shoulders of my favorite, I pointed to the child and asked if it -was hers. She shook her head, and looked intelligibly towards her -companion. I then took up the child in my arms and pointed to the -“States,” as if I would take it home with me. They both snatched the -child with great fondness, exclaiming “no, no, no,” to the infinite -amusement of the men who came around me, making every demonstration of -gratification and good will. At this interesting crisis the steamboat -bell summoned me, and by running at full speed I arrived just in time, -while one of the party less fortunate was left behind. He was greatly -frightened, and plead earnestly, but his supplications were in vain. -The captain said he could walk across the country, and get to Matamoros -before we would. I would almost willingly have exchanged situations -with him. - -We at length arrived at Matamoros, having been in sight of the town for -five hours before we landed. The river is so crooked that there are -landings on different sides of the city. We registered our names at the -Exchange Hotel. This is a two story brick building with a flat roof, -and an open court in the centre. It was formerly the Mexican custom -house. Our sleeping room was the one through which two cannon balls had -passed, during the bombardment from Fort Brown. The next morning we -rose early and visited the market. The building is about twenty-five -feet high, supported by columns and arches. The whole interior is -divided into stalls, where can be bought meats of all kinds. The -outside is reserved for vegetables and varieties, sold from mats spread -upon the ground, by women with half-clothed figures, and disheveled -hair, presenting an appearance uncouth and repulsive. Bread, milk, pies -and hot coffee are sold in large quantities. - -I was surprised to find so many Mexicans still residing in the city. -And was still more surprised to find the alcalde and police officers -performing their respective duties, and all the municipal laws enforced -as formerly. The alcalde, however, receives instruction from Colonel -Clark. - -The dress most common for the women I have already described; I will, -however, mention that they never wear bonnets, but throw a scarf -ingeniously over the head and shoulders. The young men dress with -much taste and neatness, and most of them possess fine figures. They -generally appear in white, and instead of suspenders they wear around -the waist sashes of various colors. The bottoms of their pants are of -enormous width. Some, more showy than the rest, wear blue over the -white, with the outer seam left open to the hips, and buttons down -the side. The hat, which is made of straw or wool, and often covered -with oil-cloth, has its peculiarities. On each side and about three -inches from the top, are fixed little silver knobs in oval plates. -The bands are often made of gold or silver. My thoughts and feelings -while passing through the streets, were in keeping with the novelty of -my situation. Suddenly thrown into a foreign city, where everything -presented an appearance so dissimilar to anything I had ever seen, I -was constantly surprised into expressions of wonder and curiosity. The -side walks are so narrow but two persons can walk abreast. The houses -on the principal streets are built generally of brick, with flat roofs, -brick floors in the first story, and open court yards in the centre. -Those in the less frequented parts of the city, are made of slabs and -stakes driven into the ground, the intervals filled with mud and straw, -and thatched with palmito. - -One of the most distinguishing characteristics of this people is their -insatiate thirst for gaming. It amounts almost to monomania. Play -seems to be the sole occupation of a large portion in this place. -Crowds of both sexes may be seen at almost any time in the streets, -and on the banks of the river, betting on their universally favorite -game “monte.” The hotels, restaurants and coffee-houses are infested -with gamblers from all nations. Those boarding at the Exchange follow -their respective games, with all the dignity that characterizes -the professor of law or medicine. Many of them are very showy in -their appearance, courteous in their manner, and agreeable in their -intercourse. To the volunteers, they are attentive and obliging, always -ready to give them any information or advice, and ever ready to rid -them of any extra dimes they may wish to hazard upon their games. It -would doubtless surprise any of our good merchants at home, to witness -the unceremonious rancheros entering their stores, leading in their -favorite mustangs after them,--a general practice here. But it is time -I should close this prosy description. It would be an endless task, -should I attempt to relate all I saw and heard in the church, in the -hospitals, and especially the never-to-be-forgotten incidents on the -lower plaza, and at the fandango. - -Just before we unexpectedly embarked for the camp, our attention -was attracted by music, and a crowd, following a company of rope -dancers. We were informed that they came in every Sunday afternoon, -and performed at three o’clock. The party consisted of three men and -one woman on horseback. They were gaudily dressed, very much after -the manner of our circus riders, but, if possible, more grotesque -and showy. The music consisted of a clarinet, a drum and a kind of -ophicleide painted green and red. The pompous cavalcade, supported by -the motley crew of men, women and children, making every gesticulation -of delight, presented truly a rich and ludicrous scene. About this -time the steamer Corvette rounded to with a load of sick volunteers -from Camargo, for the general hospital, and as we expected to leave -immediately, we hastened on board. - -I never in my life regretted so much to leave any place after so short -an acquaintance. I was just becoming familiar with the city, and the -next night promised much. That by the way. I went on board without a -murmur, and was soon on my way to the camp. - - -_20th._--This day has opened upon me fraught with new cares and -responsibilities. This is my twenty-first birth-day. My country can -now fairly claim my influence in sustaining her laws, and supporting -her institutions. When an American youth enters upon the stage of -political life, he should endeavor fully to comprehend the genius -of its government, and the high and glorious privileges it imparts. -His freedom of thought and right of suffrage place him far above, in -point of privilege, any other people, and secure to him blessings not -enjoyed by any other nation under heaven. In view of the inestimable -rights he enjoys, how great are his obligations! How carefully should -he endeavor to avoid party influences; and remain firm in noble -principles, in spite of the deluding sophistry of heartless demagogues. -As he approaches the ballot-box, that sacred guarantee of liberty -when unabused, let him pause and reflect whether he is acting from -impulse or the dictates of reason. I am now twenty-one! We all look -forward with interest to the period! We expect, and we anticipate, -and how often, during the flow of buoyant thought, we map out the way -to future greatness. My feelings are so fluctuating, my anticipations -so frequently unrealized, that no result can be very unexpected. From -this candid and free expression of my feelings, I do not wish to convey -the idea that I am disposed to find fault with the world, or with -the organization of society, but only to indicate more clearly the -constitution of my mind with native sources of unhappiness. - -In looking back over a few years in which I have mingled some in -society, I cannot say I have derived no pleasures from the past, that -I have seen no bright spots, or enjoyed no valued objects. It would be -base ingratitude were I to disclaim participation in some delightful -scenes where sympathy and affection warmed kindred hearts. Was this -more than balanced by painful reaction? - -The frequent brooding upon saddening subjects, pride, and, I may add, -a sprinkling of patriotism, will, to some extent, account for this day -finding me a soldier upon the borders of Mexico. It is time I should -leave this subject. I drop it at once to recount some of the events of -the day. - -Yesterday we were visited by a strong north-wester, so common to the -season in this latitude. It blew so hard that the water from the Gulf -was driven up into the sloughs, causing a swelling from the little salt -lakes of which I have before spoken; but to-day we have a clear sky and -a calm breeze. After breakfast this morning, I went to the sutlers, -and bought a large box of sardines and some claret, as a little treat -for the mess. Our captain and lieutenants were invited to partake, and -toasting my birth-day, they all wished me success. I spent the night -until tattoo, in writing these random reflections, and in thinking what -a contrast the associations of to-day will present, when compared with -three preceding anniversaries of my birth-day. - - -_October 5th._--For the last two weeks nothing has transpired worthy -of note. The time drags heavily when waiting for orders.--Col. Lane’s -regiment has moved up to Palo Alto, seven miles from Matamoros. General -Lane still drills our regiment, as our colonels are both sick, and one -gone home. Yesterday I wrote a letter, and will copy it in part. - -“* * * * * It is Sunday evening, and just about the time you are -returning from church in the afternoon. I fancy I can see the friends -convened in your front room. I often think of your parlor. At this time -what a different scene our camp presents from that of the drawing-room! -Instead of handling gloves, fans, or parasols, our boys are engaged -in brightening their arms and equipments, to surprise the regiment -this evening on dress parade. I am sitting in tent No. 1, and writing -this epistle upon a box that some of the boys have picked up at the -commissary’s. While speaking of the mess I will pronounce a short -eulogium. It is the only one, with perhaps one exception, that has -undergone no changes since we left home. We have had no difficulties, -but have lived together in uninterrupted harmony. We now number six, -one of our mess having been discharged. What a place this for the -study of human nature! Points of character that at home lie concealed -from every one, are here developing every day, and consequently much -change of opinion in relation to character. Even one’s own self changes -views respecting one’s self, in regard to the natural disposition, -motives, and impulses of action. The more I see of a soldier’s life, -the stronger is my conviction that there are worse evils to be feared -than those of the battle field. A retrograde in morals or a total loss -of moral principle, is incalculably worse. Take young men, who, from -their position in society at home, are excluded from the haunts of -strong temptations and the greater vices, and for the most part you -will find them moral from habit, rather than fixed principles, and a -clear discrimination between right and wrong. O! how many such will be -wrecked and ruined in this campaign! - -“I am daily realizing the force of that old adage, ‘we know not what -we can do until we try.’ If any one had told me only a few months -ago, that I could with impunity, sleep upon the ground in the open -air, and rise at reveille in the morning, and drill two hours before -breakfast, I should certainly have been at a loss to know of what -kind of materials he thought I was made. Yet these I do almost every -day, and so accustomed am I to a soldier’s couch, I seldom think of a -softer bed. Then, there is poetry in reposing under the direct gaze of -the moon and stars, which, like guardian angels, superintend, while -the watchful sentinel guards around. _Apropos_: we do have some of -the finest nights you ever witnessed. The moonlight is so clear and -bright, we easily see to read by it. And then what a range for the -imagination. How plainly do happy meetings, delightful visions of love -and sympathy, rise before us. Under such pleasing emotions we sink into -the most refreshing slumbers, which are only disturbed by the _musical -mosquitoes_ or _industrious ants_. I close this epistle. The drum calls -to parade.” - - -_31st._--The only apology I offer for such a distance between dates, -is the absence of anything worthy of relation. I have occupied a part -of the interim in writing letters, and as they contain the little of -incident transpiring, I will copy another in part. - -“As a good opportunity presents itself to send you a few lines, I will -avail myself of it, although it is very disagreeable to write with a -strong northerly sweeping over, blowing sand and dirt in the eyes, and -covering the paper. I received your last letter, and I assure you it -gave me great pleasure to hear you were well, and partially resigned -to our separation. I waited for it so long, I had become used to -disappointment, and thought myself partially hardened and indifferent, -but it has awakened anew all my anxieties. How lonely and melancholy -it makes me feel to see others around reading epistles from their -friends, while I am apparently forgotten and uncared for. Indeed, these -reflections are sources of much unhappiness. Do not think from these -expressions, that our condition is worse than previously. It is greatly -improved since the many unfavorable accounts you have heard from us. -There is not now one among us confined to his tent, and everything -goes on as well as a soldier could expect. My brothers can form no -idea of the encouragement and gratification they afforded me by their -assurances of interest and regard. I can conceive of no incentive to -action greater than to gain their affection and approbation. Assure -them of my kind remembrances. I feel this separation will only tend to -bind us closer together, if we are ever permitted to meet again. - -“As the armistice has not yet expired, I cannot with certainty inform -you of our future movements. If the war continues, we expect to move -towards Tampico, where we expect active service, a glorious end or a -wreath of laurels. General Patterson deems it no mark of disrespect to -the Indiana troops, that they have not been pushed forward, nor will it -affect our reputation. Our hospital has recently been greatly enlarged -and improved. Our stock of medicines is very low, but fortunately the -camp was never in a healthier condition. Cease your care for me and -bestow your sympathy upon a needier object. The sick soldier with a -hard bed and burning fever, has a stronger claim upon you. Forget him -not. - -“I commenced this letter intending to send it immediately, but shall -not be able to do so for a week or two.” - - -_10th._--I transcribe here a fragment of a letter to my sister -“----. I do think you have used me shamefully, by not noticing one -of my letters, and I have a great mind to fill this whole sheet with -scoldings. I left home as you know, with but few associates. I have no -friends of my own age with you, that I have any claims upon, or from -whom I have a right to expect any favors. But from you I expected much, -or at least I felt assured you would not forget me. How much I have -been disappointed, you yourself can judge. Your inattention becomes -more unpardonable, when I think of the many subjects of interest you -have to write about. If you would just give a list of the friends -who have called upon you, within the last week, or fill a page with -the innocent sayings of the little ones, it would be hailed by me as -a God-send in this dreary place. I am beginning to feel quite like -an old soldier, and ‘forward, march, guide left,’ and other phrases -of the drill are becoming as familiar as if I had spent years in the -service. We have had quite an excitement in relation to moving, for the -last two weeks. General Lane has received orders to hold this regiment -ready to march at an hour’s notice. Ever since he has drilled it twice -a day. The Tampico fever and rage for Monterey have abated, but still -the general keeps up his two drills a day. The paymaster was here last -week, and paid off all save three companies,--ours one of them. The -money gave out. The health of the company is better than ever, and we -do have some of the greatest jollifications you ever heard of. We get -a couple of violins, and do up dancing to their music _à la Mexicana_. -You would deem it a rich treat to hear the promptings, and attempts at -Spanish, which some of the boys have picked up in the neighborhood, -at the various fandangos. We sometimes have half the regiment about -our quarters. The captain’s marque, like his shop door at home, is the -emporium of anecdote and humor. - - -“_15th._--Lieutenant Cayce has just arrived from among you, and has -enriched us all. How shall I express my gratitude, for the kind favors -you have shown me? The shirts from my dear mother came just in time. -And although the expression of Falstaff,--‘I have but a shirt and half -to all my company; and the half shirt is two napkins tacked together,’ -was not true of us generally, yet I assure you my under ‘tunic’ -answered mighty well to the half shirt. Your letter, and those of other -friends are thankfully received. This has been a happy day to us all, -notwithstanding the north-wester. I now take a hasty leave. The bearer -waits for this.” - - -_21st._--For the last two days we have all been busily engaged in -preparing for, and in celebrating the fourth anniversary of the -Spencer Greys, which came off yesterday in fine style. Our arms and -equipments were all polished and whitened, in the best manner our -limited conveniences would allow. Our fatigue dresses were not so showy -as our handsome uniforms at home, yet we made an imposing appearance, -and attracted much attention, while performing some maneuvers of the -fancy drill, upon our parade ground. One of the paymasters said it was -the finest display he had seen on the Rio Grande. I am told that our -general, in a burst of admiration, said, “I would rather command a -regiment of such boys than be the president.” In fact we did ourselves -great credit both in the field, and target firing. Above all the rest -our beautiful flag was universally admired. - -It was a fine day, and everything appeared to good advantage. The -sun once more shone forth with all his refulgence, which contrasted -happily with the cold and dreary weather of the three or four previous -days, during which a strong norther was sweeping over us, blowing down -tents and covering everything with sand. But our birth-day anniversary -was ushered in with an unclouded sky, and a complete change in the -whole face of nature. The whole day proved an auspicious one, as the -paymaster arrived and forked over our seven dollars a month. At night -music and dancing were the order of exercises until tattoo, after -which I took the arm of a messmate and strolled out upon the bank of -the river, where we called up to our minds images of the past, spoke -of home, and drew many interesting contrasts. The pleasures of memory, -how varied they are! How inestimable are the faculties by which we -can enjoy again, former pleasures, and happy unions of the past! I -sometimes think that pleasures retrospective are purer than those of -anticipation or realization. “How grand is the power of thought! My -God! how great it is.” These reflections and our mutual interchanges -of sentiment were at length interrupted by the sound of a guitar, -which emanated from the sutler’s tent, to which we at once proceeded, -and found quite a number of officers, listening to the laudable -performances of our musical trio. We remained by invitation, until the -party broke up, then returned to our quarters. - - -“_23d._--Dear M ---- I have just returned from a visit to Point Isabel -after letters. Most of the boys were paid for their pains, except -myself. It is an anomaly to me that others around me are continually -receiving epistles from their friends, while I am generally doomed to -disappointment. The party consisted of five. After walking sixteen -miles, we arrived at Brazos Santiago, where we were struck with -the change everything presented. It appeared more like the levee at -New Orleans, than the desert island on which we first encamped. The -government has about one hundred and fifty teamsters and laborers -employed, and whole acres are covered with baggage wagons and army -stores. The harbor is filled with hundreds of vessels. Having -regaled ourselves with a dish of oysters and clams, we took a boat -and sailed to the point. We registered our names at the “Palo Alto -House,”--repaired to the post office, and performed various errands -for the boys. The next morning we witnessed the thrilling spectacle of -the disinterment of the remains of Major Ringgold, for the Baltimore -committee. The coffin was escorted to the quartermaster’s depot, by a -company of regulars. Others formed a procession in the rear, and all -marched to the tune of “Adeste Fideles,” accompanied by the roaring of -one eighteen pounder. Having arrived at the destined place, the body -was removed to a leaden coffin. It was so decayed we could form no -idea of its form or features. After dinner we returned to the Brazos, -and put up at the Greenwood Hotel. During the night there came up a -tremendous storm, which swept over the island driving everything before -it. It was quite amusing to see the barrels and hats, bounding before -the gale. Even part of an old steamboat chimney was started, and rolled -before the wind, faster than a horse could gallop, and was thus driven -as far as the eye could see on the other side into the gulf. A bet was -made upon the comparative speed of the barrel, hat and chimney--the -hat won. Having finished our suppers, we repaired to the theatre. The -Young Widow and Irish Tutor, composed the exercises of the evening, -interspersed with songs and dances. Two or three of the characters -were tolerably well sustained, and one of the mess remarked, ‘It is -as good a theatre as I want to go to.’ The storm continued during the -performances with redoubled fury, and the tide coming up between us and -our lodgings, we were forced to wade it against wind and sand, which -lashed our faces unmercifully. The next morning we started for the -camp, stopping by the way to pick up shells, which I will send you the -first opportunity. The Tampico fever rages higher than ever, and our -general is of the impression, we will not be here six days hence. * * -* * * Messes No. 1 and 13 have this day united into one. We now think -we are the _greatest mess alive_. Every one possesses some peculiarity -of taste and disposition, that affords fun for the rest. Every meal is -attended with the life and jollity of a public dinner.” * * * * - - -“_22d._--Dear Mother. The letter and clothing you sent me were -gratefully received. You can form some idea of my health, when I tell -you the shirts would not button at the neck by two inches, nor at -the wrist without an effort. In the pants the boys say I look like a -‘stuffed paddy.’ Nevertheless they all answer the purpose. - -This has been quite an eventful day. In consideration of having no -extra dinner on the day of our celebration, and this being the birthday -of two of our boys, the combined efforts of messes 1 and 13, were -brought to bear upon the preparation of a sumptuous dinner for the -company. Guests were invited, among whom were many officers of the -brigade and regiment. Everything was got up in a style truly rich -and rare. Cooking was done in a manner unsurpassable. Roast beef, -fish, potatoes, peach pies and pound cake without eggs, constituted -the principal dishes. Cigars and claret, were the accompaniments. -Managers, cooks and waiters, all performed in their happiest way, in -their appropriate departments, and our guests congratulated us upon the -entire success of our efforts.” * * * - - -_December 5th._--We all thought yesterday, that last night would close -our stay in camp Belknap, as we had received orders to embark on the -first boat, for Camargo, and thence to Monterey. The joyous excitement -this news diffused among us, surpasses any description I can give. -In our company the whole night was spent in music and dancing. Our -musicians acquitted themselves ably. Our captain and others joined in -our merriment. I was on duty as corporal of the police, and as the -officer of the day only ordered me to suppress all riots, and see that -the lights were put out at tattoo, I did not think dancing included, so -I joined in the festivities with an ardor that has rendered me to-day -almost unable to walk, and my head aches as if it would split. “Those -who dance must pay the fiddler.” We have just removed to the river, -where we will await conveyance. - - -_7th._--Night before last seven companies of the regiment embarked for -Camargo, leaving the two rifle companies and Spencer Greys for the -next boat. We are detained in consequence of the captain refusing to -go on the steamer Enterprise, as it is too small to be safe for three -companies. So the Lanesville Legion took our place, it being a smaller -company. We expected to start next morning, but have been disappointed. - -Last night we were thrown into great excitement by the alarm of an -attack from the enemy. Just before dark the general and others thought -they heard sounds of a bugle, in the chaparel on the Mexican side of -the river, supposing them to proceed from the enemy. In consideration -of our exposed position,--there being only one hundred and fifty of -us, with but little ammunition, it was thought prudent to station a -picket around the camp. The three companies were ordered out, and four -cartridges apiece distributed, then marched up to be reviewed by the -general. He told us what he had heard, and other causes which made -our position a dangerous one. He urged the necessity of watchfulness, -saying that we would never have so good an opportunity of showing -what we were made of. Many other things he said, calculated to excite -our attention, then dismissed us charging us to lay near our arms, -and not be taken by surprise. We returned to our tents, and arranged -everything, and lying as directed upon our arms, we made up our minds -to do our best, if we were disturbed before morning. About two hours -after midnight, we were suddenly aroused by a discharge of musketry -from our outpost, and the cry, “to arms, to arms.” In ten minutes the -whole three companies were at the general’s quarters. - -I think I know now the feeling one experiences while going into -battle. My emotions this night I never shall forget. When first -aroused I seized my musket and equipments, and rushed from the tent in -the greatest excitement. The firing from the pickets, the universal -rushing, hurry and confusion, the impatient cries of, “make haste, men; -fall in,” etc., made me so nervous that doubtless for a few minutes, my -words were unintelligible. After a short period of agitation everything -was ready. As we were marching out to take our position, it seemed -that this would be a wonderful night in my earthly career, and my fate -was to be decided by my success in the coming conflict. I said within, -be calm and do your duty. I aroused all my energy and decision of -character. I then moved with an unwavering step, and would have given -all my possessions to come in contact with the foe. Our men never -marched better, dressing to the guide as it was shifted, with as much -calmness as when on ordinary drill. - -Having formed our line in front of a dense chaparel, a party was sent -out to reconnoitre. Here I had a presentiment that the enemy would not -meet us; that this was not the night for our military laurels to be -secured. Had we met the enemy in the field of battle; had we gained -victory amidst adverse circumstances, how gratifying to ambitious -desire that friends should read eloquent descriptions of our deeds of -chivalry. Great was our anxiety while waiting for the return of the -detachment. - -At length the party came; they reported to the general; the general -addressed us in complimentary terms, expressing his unlimited -confidence in our fidelity and courage. He dismissed us saying our only -enemies here, the wolves, had retired to the chaparel. We returned to -our tents crest-fallen, very few having a disposition to joke or laugh -over this evening’s adventure. - - -_10th._--At last we have departed from camp Belknap. The place that a -few months ago contained 8000 souls, is now without an inhabitant. I -left this beautiful spot with mingled emotions of pain and pleasure. -Here we had light duties, we had opportunities to hear from home, and -other sources of comfort. On these accounts I confess I left camp -Belknap with regret. But on the other hand it could be no longer said, -they still remain away from active duties and scenes of glory. I -thought of the upper camp and wonders in other lands. On these accounts -I left our old encampment with feelings of delight. - -We transported ourselves, our camps and equipments to the river bank; -but how heavily many an hour passed away before the arrival of a -steamboat. We several times laid in provisions and cooked them for the -trip, and several times we eat up our provisions before we started on -our trip. It is said man is a poor economist in domestic matters, and -indeed our conduct on this occasion seemed to prove it. - -Well, at last we are on board the steamboat Whiteville, the same upon -which many of us went some time ago to Matamoros. Before its arrival -the three captains drew lots for choice of quarters. Our captain was -successful, and he selected the boiler deck. But the captain of the -steamboat refused to let us occupy the place specified. His plea was -“’Tis unsafe, the boat rolls so.” Accordingly all three companies were -stowed away amidst the filth, noise and confusion of the engine room. -O! ’tis revolting to the feelings of one accustomed to the decency -and luxuries of civilized life, to be herded together like cattle in -some dirty little enclosure, and there treated with the hauteur and -chilling neglect of the most abject slaves. How the hot blood mantles -my cheek when I look at our situation. “The boat rolls so!” A fine -excuse truly! Other boats of no greater strength carry troops upon -the boiler deck; yet _this_ hireling says, _we_ “have no more right -there than his _firemen_.” Behold the sacrifices of the soldier! He -forfeits his self-respect, his sense of right and wrong, his liberty of -speech, his freedom of action, and his rank in society. All this for -the public good, and what is his reward? Why, _one_ ration a day, and -_seven_ dollars a month, the cold indifference of the hireling citizen, -and of the avaricious or ambitious officer, holding in his hand the -regulations of the Army. How many such officers when at home, in -newspaper articles or public orations, give vent to fires of eloquence -and of patriotism. They would shed the _last_ drop of blood for their -_dear_ country! but they seem mighty unwilling to shed the _first_ -drop, or why don’t they shed a little reflection for the comfort of the -poor soldier, or why don’t they shed out some of their big salaries for -the advantage of those who have left firesides and friends for their -_dear_ country? - -So far as this government boat was concerned, it had this regulation: -“No _private_ shall enter the cabin, or be permitted to sit at the -table,” the money or intrinsic worth of the soldier notwithstanding. -Well, I have this consolation, that I have endeavored to show proper -respect without _truckling_ to office or power. In my intercourse -and associations with officers, I have kept up appearances without -blushing, at the inferiority of my living to theirs. As to the monthly -pay of the volunteer, one of my messmates well expressed himself. “I -hope Congress may not increase our pay to ten dollars, for I never can -be paid with money for the wounds my pride has received.” - -By the above remarks let it be understood that I am not finding -fault with the duties of the soldier. I am willing, God knows I am -willing, to do everything in my line of duty. Nor am I opposing rigid -discipline, for I hold that subordination is the life and safeguard -of the army. Yet the soldier has rights that should be protected, and -feelings that should be respected. - - -_11th._--We arrived at Matamoros this morning, before day. At sunrise, -several of us went up to the city, but saw nothing worthy of notice. On -my return, I stopped at the camp of the 4th Regt. Illinois Volunteers. -There I heard with surprise, that my old friend Sergt. R. C. had been -discharged on account of consumption. His brother sergeant of the same -company had died just before at Camargo. - -About noon we shoved out and continued our serpentine windings. -Soon after starting several of us took seats upon the boiler deck, -determining not to be removed, when the captain approached and tapping -me on the shoulder, beckoned me to one side. He pointed below to a -wretched specimen of humanity, and remarked with energy, “Look there, -sir! look there! Would you have me take such men as that into my -cabin?” I replied, “must we all suffer from the imprudence of one man?” -“That’s it! That’s it!” said he, laying his hand on my shoulder. “How -can I distinguish? A whole regiment may suffer from the bad conduct -of five or six men, and one may injure the reputation of a company.” -“But,” said I, “if you had complied with the arrangements made, you -would have run no such risks, nor brought down the indignation of us -all. The Spencer Greys, sir, are gentlemen, and know how to behave -themselves; but you say we have no more right here than your firemen. -I tell you, sir, that if because we are volunteers, we have forfeited -in your estimation all title to respectability, it argues that you have -but little sympathy for us or the cause in which we are engaged.” I was -much surprised to see the calmness with which he took this harangue, -for it was delivered with much excitement. He at once attempted to -defend himself, denying some things and explaining others, but his -efforts were unavailing, for the narrowness of soul was still apparent. -Here others joined us and took part in the conversation, when I soon -after made excuse and left. - -About sundown we laid up for the night just above St. Marie. This -little town is composed of several thatched huts, a neat little white -brick house, and a large cotton press. I thought this could not be the -enterprise of the natives, and sure enough, we found that the buildings -were owned by a gentleman from New Orleans. I inquired his name, but -have forgotten it. He sends his cotton into the interior to market. - -What fortunes might be made here in the cultivation of cotton. As we -ascend the river whole acres of cotton may be seen uncultivated and -going to waste. Occasionally a few of the indolent natives may be seen -picking a little for their own use, and leaving the rest to rot upon -the ground. - -The country now begins to assume a more favorable appearance. The river -banks are higher, and the lands back not so subject to inundation. -I have not seen any hills, or even more gentle undulations since we -started. - - -_13th._--Yesterday and to-day the time has glided away more pleasantly -than usual. Our officers called a meeting, and decided that we _should_ -occupy the boiler deck, and at night have as much of the social hall -and cabin floor as is necessary to lie down. - -During the afternoon, in conversation with the captain of the boat, he -spoke at length of the Mexican character, and gave me much information -respecting the natural resources of the country. The conversation -turned upon the war and its effects. Major Ringgold and Colonel Watson -were spoken of. The captain appeared to have been acquainted with them -both. - -At night we laid up as usual, when nine of us set out in search of a -“fandango,” which we heard of in the neighborhood. After wandering -an hour we found that we had taken a wrong direction, and commenced -retracing our steps, when we were alarmed by the most unearthly yells -apparently approaching us. The sounds proceeded from a party of young -men mounted upon “mustangs,” on their way to the fandango. We stopped -them and conversed some time by signs, and made known our wishes to -accompany them. They now started ahead signifying to us to follow -after, which we did, imitating their yell of “uh! ah! whoop!” and -extravagant gesticulations. Soon they galloped off on their ponies -beyond our hearing. - -Notwithstanding the discouragement, we resolved to proceed. The night -was dark, and the chaparel was gloomy through which was our pathway. -At a rancho we procured a guide, who moved reluctantly till we gave -him a dollar. This made him bound ahead yelling like a madman. Now in -the broad road, now in a circuitous path, through weeds and briars we -followed on and on, until the guide paused and appeared bewildered. -Had it not been for our resolution to attain our object, we should -have turned back. The Mexican gaining confidence, so did we and on we -went. Soon we came to another rancho, where we were beset by myriads -of dogs, but like their owners they soon retreated before our charge. -At length we arrived at our destination, where we were received with -great courtesy by the men, but with fear and trembling by the women. -They had evidently seen but little of the Americans, and doubtless our -being soldiers increased their timidity. It was some time before they -ventured to look upon our countenances, or enter into the dance with us -without considerable reluctance. But our kindness and liberality soon -gained their confidence, for after each set we escorted our partners to -the table, where were sold cakes, hot coffee and cigarritas. Everything -was in the open air. A large circle was formed with benches, and the -dancing went on in the centre. The whole was dimly lighted by lanterns -of oiled paper. - -Both sexes were dressed principally in white. Uncleanness in dress, is -not one of the faults of the Mexicans, when we take in consideration -their mode of washing. Without tub, without washboard, they rub their -clothes on a smooth board, laid horizontally upon the ground beside -the stream. Occasionally they take up water in the hand and splash -the garment. Much might be said about the events of this night, but -this book is filling up too fast already. I know not when I shall get -another. Before we started we took leave by shaking hands with them -all. It was quite interesting employment to pass down a line of thirty -girls, squeezing their little hands. They certainly can say “Adios -Señor,” with a smile and “naiveté” almost irresistible. We arrived at -the boat precisely at twelve o’clock. To my surprise I found it was my -night for guard, but it was not too late to perform my duties. - - -_14th._--Yesterday we passed Reynosa, but the boat not landing we saw -very little of the place. - -This morning we got aground, where we were until evening. The Corvette, -coming down, generously stopped and pulled us off, after breaking three -large cables. - - -_18th._--Well, here we are at last, opposite Camargo on the banks of -the San Juan. Through great patience and tribulation, we have at length -encamped on the most disagreeable spot that might fall to the lot of a -soldier. The sand ankle deep and kept in continual motion by the wind -and constant traveling. It reminds one of the simoom on the desert of -Sahara. Twice to-day I went to Camargo. First as bearer of an order for -new canteens and haversacks; and secondly, for wild mules to be broken -for baggage wagons. We only succeeded in getting five, but must draw -the rest in the morning. - -Before I returned to the camp, I attended the funeral of an old Mexican -lady, which to an American was a great curiosity. The procession -followed the priest to the house of the deceased. He was attended by -three little boys with long cylindrical poles of brass. The one in the -centre bearing the representation of our Saviour’s crucifixion; the -other two bore long wax candles. They were dressed in long frocks of -red flannel, and something like white waistcoats, which were intended, -perhaps, to represent wings. On the sides of the priest were two other -boys, with a silver censer and a kind of pot with water and sprinkler. -The shoulders of the priest were covered with a velvet mantle, richly -ornamented with silver. Each one in the procession carried a long -candle with a black ribbon in the middle. After remaining half an hour -in the house, they proceeded with the corpse to the church, accompanied -with singing and music from the flute and violin. The lid of the coffin -was carried at one side, leaving the body exposed all the way. On the -black covering of the lid, was a cross formed with white tape. - -In the church the coffin was placed upon a table covered with black -velvet trimmed with silver lace, and a large silver candlestick at each -corner. Immediately in front of this was another table decorated in a -similar manner with lace, and having candlesticks. On this were skulls -and bones lying. The room was handsomely furnished with images of -Christ, the Virgin, and many of the saints. After lighting the candles -they began chanting the service, accompanied by the flute and violin, -which composed the exercises, and lasted more than an hour. The music -ceased only while the priest sprinkled the corpse and moved over it the -incense. They repaired at length to the grave-yard, still chanting and -playing, while the chimes tolled their deep melancholy tones. At the -grave what a sight to behold! The ground was strewed with skull bones -and partly decayed remains of humanity. Every new grave they dig they -disinter a body, though it is not necessary, to make room for another -coffin. - -After a short ceremony the priest retired, followed by the boys. The -coffin was filled with dirt, each one putting in some, and the lid was -then nailed on and lowered into the shallow grave. When covered over, -the soil was beat down with a large stone, and left level with the -surface. - -As we came back we met another funeral escort, but unlike the first. -The body was uncoffined, unshrouded, and unattended by the pomp of -ceremony, or the lamentation of friends. The dead man was guilty of -poverty. But the _last_ may be _first_. - -Having returned to our camp we all entered upon the culinary -preparation of four days’ provisions. To-morrow we shall, if ready, -start for Monterey. If ready, I said; the mules must be shod, and -broken in time for the harness. The right wing may leave us, which we -all hope will not be the case. - -The reported deaths to-day of Mexicans in Camargo, was thirteen, -mostly from measles. No wonder this disease is so fatal with Mexican -treatment. When the malady is fairly broken out, they apply cold water -and drive it in, and the consequence is, the patient is driven into -the eternal world. I should like to speak of many more things which I -have seen to-day, but the lateness of the hour, and my weariness will -prevent it. I am now afflicted with the first cold since I left home. -Two items more shall be mentioned. Another was received this evening -into the mess; and it is said the needle-eyed soul of the Whiteville -has been discharged from the captaincy for dissipation, and inattention -to duty. - - -_19th._--Pursuant to arrangement, we set out to-day for Monterey. We -were awakened before daylight, but we did not start before noon. Many -of us have been in Camargo to-day, to obtain five more mules, and -exchange flour for bread. Our haversacks are stored with four days’ -provisions. Here is a list of eatables; 1st, bread; 2d, boiled pickled -pork; 3d, coffee; 4th, salt. Soon we shall realize the fatigues and -trials of a wearisome march. For my future perusal I shall give a -minute description of the sufferings and incidents of our tedious -journey. - -The road to-day was ankle deep in dust all the way, which nearly -suffocated us. It arose so thick at times, that we could not see the -company in front. We, however, kept up our spirits to the highest -pitch. Bursts of merriment followed the glances and expressions of all. -We were truly an antiquated looking group, with our locks and hair -covered faces whitened with the dust. - -About sundown we arrived at our first encampment, having traveled nine -miles. The 1st regiment of Indiana had started in the morning, and had -already pitched their tents. The 3d regiment had gone ahead. I feel -very tired with sore feet and aching bones. A cup of coffee has helped -me somewhat. - - -_20th._--This morning I arose greatly refreshed, and ready to march -twenty miles, the reported distance to Mier; but before night I felt -very differently, and every step was exceedingly painful. My feet were -badly blistered, and every sudden movement of my arms, was like the -piercing of sharp instruments. These acute pains were occasioned by -the straps and weight of my knapsack, which contained all I possessed. -Fancy to yourself the burden I was bound to support. The cartridge box -with forty rounds of ounce ball cartridges, bayonet scabbard and belts, -the haversack of provisions, canteen with water, musket and knapsack. -Let the stoutest carry such loads twenty miles through dust and hot -sunshine, and I assure you they will gladly stop for the night. The -straps of my knapsack bound me so tight, that I could scarcely breathe. -The pain at times was so excessive that I became bewildered, and all -things seemed to swim around me. But pride forbade complaint and I -jogged on; while others, apparently hardier than myself, gave out, and -had their burdens lightened. It was dark when we pitched our tents in -sight of Mier. After much seeking, sufficient wood was obtained to boil -our coffee, and give light for the writing of these notes. - - -_21st._--In the morning I felt greatly invigorated. I was quite -disappointed in not getting a better view of Mier, a place that will -long be remembered, in consequence of the awful tragedy which was acted -there. Last night too much worn out to visit it, and this morning took -unexpectedly a route that did not pass through its streets. Oh! the -sufferings of the twenty-first. The sun shone with the power of July, -and the dust how annoying! My nose so sore with blowing that I dare not -touch it; and my lips so blistered that I cannot tell when they are -closed. The heat, dust and salt pork made us so thirsty, and how we -did suffer for want of water! So great was our thirst, that we drank -largely of a pond covered thick with a green scum. - -Having trudged nineteen miles we arrived at Cannales’ Run, where -we encamped for the night. Nearly overcome with the march, feet -exceedingly sore, and so scalded with sweat, that they did not look -like flesh and blood. But bathing them in cold water made them much -better. After being seated a few minutes I was so sore and stiff, -that it required almost a superhuman effort to move. But I kept up -appearances, and did not acknowledge the extent of my fatigue. I had -resolved to fulfil the prediction--“I can stand the march!” Great -praise is bestowed upon us by the trains, saying we are the strongest -regiment in the field. - - -_22d._--What an astonishing effect is produced by a few hours’ sleep. -Last night I stretched my aching, stiffened limbs upon the ground, and -how refreshed this morning and ready to march twelve or fifteen miles -to Point Aguda. My feet are becoming hardened, but after stopping -it is some time before I can walk without great pain; but a little -marching prepares me for jogging on better than ever. The march of the -twenty-second would have been much easier had we not lacked bread. Just -think, half a baker’s loaf at breakfast for eleven men, and no more -till we stopped at night. - -Here we had a pleasant camp beside a clear running brook, and near -a beautiful cascade, constructed of stone and cement, in order to -turn the channel through the town. How pitiable is the indolence of -the natives. Such natural advantages are neglected. What a mill seat -is here; yet the poor women crush their corn between a stone roller -and slab, in a barbarous manner upon their knees. What a lack of -enterprise! Two companies of Ohio volunteers are stationed in this -place. - - -_23d._--This is our fifth days’ march, and about one half way to -Monterey. The 1st regiment keeps before, and discommodes us greatly by -their train. This day I did very well. Feet getting well! Thanks to -cold water! - -We pitched our tents near the old Spanish town of Ceralvo, which -bears the impress of an antiquated fortress, and reminds one of the -dilapidated castles we read of in romances. The houses are built of -gray stone, with loopholes for windows. Through the centre of the town -runs a beautiful clear stream, spanned by bridges and arches. There is -also a large cathedral with chimes and a towering steeple. It is said -to be 166 years old. Three companies of Ohio troops are stationed in -this place. - - -_24th._--This sixth day’s march, the easiest of all. Feet nearly well, -and bones don’t ache so grievously. The beautiful scenery by the way -contributed to my ease in marching. - -It was not yet light when we left Ceralvo. As the rising sun cast his -radiant beams upon the mountains on the left, I think I never beheld -anything so beautiful and sublime. The whole chain, as far as the eye -could reach, appeared like piles of burnished silver, shaded out in -delightful golden tinges. I gazed upon this wonderful scenery with such -exalted enjoyment, that I forgot the toils of my journey. How thankful -am I, that in my heart are placed such sources of happiness. How -majestic are the works of God! And what exhibitions are these of his -Omnipotence! At length the mists of the morning were dispelled by the -heating rays of the sun. Then in a short time what a change! Where the -rich magnificence was displayed upon the mountain tops, were huge piles -of rocks reaching up to the clouds. But still was left the imposing -grandeur of the scene. - -At a creek about six miles from this encampment, we met an express from -Gen. Lane to Col. Drake of the 1st, and to the Lt. Col. of the 2d Reg. -The former was ordered back; eight of his companies to be stationed at -Matamoros, and two at the mouth of the Rio Grande. I was thankful that -ours was permitted to go on. How my sympathies were aroused in favor of -the First. Many of them received our farewell with tears streaming from -their eyes. - -The night of the 24th, we were uncomfortably encamped in the -deserted bed of a river. There was no other water within ten miles. -On a flooring of stones, our supper consisted of coffee and hard -crackers filled with little black bugs. This, of course, was not very -refreshing, after a hard day’s march. - -There is but little soil between this and Camargo worth cultivating. -Scarcely a tree to be seen larger than the cherry. The soil is -generally rocky and sandy, in some places having indications of iron. -It produces spontaneously little else than burs, briers, thorns, and -all varieties of the cactus. The prickly pear grows in enormous piles, -more than six feet in height. The bank of this deserted channel is -about forty feet high, composed of large gravel cemented together. - - -_Christmas._--What a contrast between my situation here to-day and that -at home one year ago. The events of last Christmas I remember well; -but here a year after, far away, encamped in the valley of the Sierra -Madre, having marched all day with our flanks guarded by their stony -peaks. I am on duty to-night, for which a fifteen miles’ march is a -poor preparation. Everything is filled with romance. The sky unclouded, -all bespangled with brilliant stars, and the silvery moon riding forth -in the midst of this beautiful scenery. - - -_26th._--Having traveled sixteen miles this day, we encamped two miles -beyond Marin, on the bank of a little river. We passed through the town -of Ramus, which is said to be owned by Cannales, the celebrated robber. -In Marin there is a fine cathedral and plaza. The houses of this town -are built of stone and plaster of Paris, in which the country abounds. -Notwithstanding my being up all night previous, I went ahead of the -advanced guard all day. I thought I could get along better at my own -gait. - - -_27th._--And now we are at the Walnut Springs; the celebrated -battle-ground of Monterey! This has been a painful day’s march of -twenty-five miles. In eight days and a half, have we performed our -journey. No infantry ever performed the same distance in less time. -Here we are, four miles from the city, at the camp of old Rough and -Ready, who has just started with his command for Victoria. - -This is a beautiful spot, with towering peaks rising majestically all -around. Here are the largest, straightest trees I have seen in the -country, forming a beautiful shade. We were hurried on in consequence -of an order to Col. Hadden, from General Lane, stating that we were to -continue our march to Saltillo, as Santa Anna was reported within two -days’ march of that place. Then, we have still a march of sixty-five -miles before us, having passed over one hundred and fifty already. -After carrying heavier burdens than troops of other states, it may be -supposed we were not very sprightly; yet I feel more able to travel on -the next day, than I did on the third day. - -On that evening, being wearied, and having duties to perform, I did -not write all that I wished. Much might have been said about the -beautiful scenery that I beheld. After a hard day’s march it was quite -unpleasant, of course, to hunt wood, carry water, and cook half the -night for the next day. But, in the above instance, we had but little -to cook, our supplies having not arrived from Monterey. - - -_28th._--Whilst striking our tents this morning, general orders -arrived, granting a day’s respite, as the provisions could not be -secured so soon. Instead of resting, quite a number set out to visit -the city. It is truly astonishing how deceiving is the distance to the -mountains. For three days we have been marching directly towards two -mountain spurs, higher than their neighbors. After a day’s journey, -they seemed no nearer than they did in the morning. The city was four -miles off, yet beyond was a knoll that appeared no more than a hundred -yards distant. The previous evening a number of us started for this -prominence that we might gaze upon Monterey, but soon found out the -deception and returned to the encampment. - -The more I examine and reflect about the numerous points of natural -defence around the city, the greater my astonishment how it could -be taken by our little army. But it is useless for me to attempt a -description of scenes connected with the exciting action that was -performed there. More interesting accounts than I can give have been -published in numerous papers of our country. - -The first place of prominence which we visited was the cathedral. This -surpasses all edifices of the kind I ever saw in splendor. The images -are clothed and decorated with jewels and precious metals. Some of -the smaller paintings are framed in solid silver. The music from the -harp and deep toned organ is truly enchanting. We visited also the -fortification, the bishop’s palace, and the market. The latter abounded -in sugar cane, sweet potatoes and oranges of the most delicious flavor. - -Before our return I met one of our townsmen. He belonged to the -Louisville Legion, who were stationed near Saltillo. His health was -recovered, and by his invitation we visited his quarters, the hospital. -There we saw other acquaintances pale and emaciated by disease. They -grasped our hands with warmth and tearful eyes. It was a touching -scene, and made us all thankful for the preservation of our health. -Our friend accompanied us to our camp and showed the position of the -troops, and manner of attack in the great battle. We were also much -interested in inspecting an extensive tannery. It was so clean and -convenient. There were enormous vats which were hollowed in the solid -rock, and watered by a clear stream running through the yard. - -I am conscious I have not done justice to these subjects; but this -evening I am so low spirited, that I cannot write anything with ease. -My companions around are reading epistles from home, while I am -destitute of such consolation. These are unavailing regrets. I must -cease my complaints. Our provisions are come, and they must be prepared -for to-morrow’s march. - - -_29th._--Before day-light we were up and making ready for Saltillo. As -we passed through Monterey, much attention was attracted by our numbers -and healthy appearance. Having traveled fifteen miles we arrived at -the little town St. Catharine, situated near the mountain in the pass. -It contains about five hundred inhabitants. Near us on the same route, -are encamped three companies of regulars. I suffered but little from -this day’s march; and felt that I could go twice the distance on the -succeeding day, with as little suffering as I endured some of the first -days. - -The garden of General Arista near Monterey, must have a passing notice. -It certainly surpasses anything of the kind that I ever beheld. It is -regularly laid out with taste and skill. The earth is raised about -three feet above the walks. Here are flowers of all varieties and -the most fragrant. On each side of the main path (which is made of -plaster, white and smooth), are two large basins with fountains rising -from the centre. But more beautiful still are two pools of water, -the most limpid and transparent, in which may be seen myriads of the -finny tribe. Then there is a clear cool stream flowing through white -cement tunnels, throughout the whole garden. The shady groves of exotic -fruits, the atmosphere laden with grateful perfumes, all conspired -to make it a place of enchantment. Everything appeared so novel, so -beautiful, that I almost fancied it the Garden of Eden. - - -_30th._--Here we are encamped in the plaza of Rinconida, after a most -fatiguing march of twenty-two miles. The road was broken and rocky, and -the wind blowing to the rear nearly suffocated us with dust. This town -is built of mud, and is half way to Saltillo. To this the armistice -extended. Rinconida signifies secure corner, and is in keeping with -its name, being in the intersection of two ranges of mountains. It -could be well defended by a small force. Tending to and from the town -is a beautiful grove of trees, forming a shady archway above, and is -interspersed with enormous century plants, the stalks of which rise -from fifteen to twenty feet. - -Quite an excitement! Arrival of the Great Western, or, the heroine -of Fort Brown. She has every appearance of an Amazon, being tall, -muscular, and majestic in her expression. She won laurels at the -bombardment from Matamoros. She issued out coffee to the men while the -bombs were falling all around her. - - -_31st._--On the morning of the 31st, we were mustered for two months’ -pay; then took up our line of march as usual. Owing to the well nigh -broken-down state of our teams, we marched but twelve miles on the -31st. The road was hilly and dusty, but we arrived at our encampment -in good time; the Greys being the advanced guard. This place is called -the Warm Springs, from the temperature of the water. It is destitute of -tree and bush, for miles around, that could be procured for fuel. - - “_Camp Butler, Jan’y 1st, 1847._ - - “DEAR SISTER:-- - - “How shall I repay you for your very kind letter? You can never know - how grateful I am for its cheering effects. In fact I never had so - much need of consolation before, as we have just finished a long - and wearisome march from Camargo through Monterey to this place. We - are encamped in the dust, which, with the wind and cold, destroys - every moment of comfort. Our wood is issued out, two cords to the - regiment; but when it comes to be divided among the companies, then - subdivided among the messes, it is separated into small parcels - indeed. No wonder, then, after marching over two hundred miles, and - passing through so many comfortable places where other troops are - stationed, that we should feel disappointed in being quartered in this - disagreeable place. The effect is visible upon us all. - - “We had been here but a few days when Col. Bowles arrived from the - States loaded with letters. My dear sister, if you could have seen - with what eagerness we listened for the announcement of our names, and - with what avidity we tore open the seals and devoured the contents, - then you would have known how dear you all are to us, and how lively - is the interest we take in the associations of our beloved homes. - I am unable to say how often I have read your letter, but every - time it appears new and interesting. Unto the never-to-be-forgotten - friends who so kindly remember me, please give the assurance of my - increased regard and warmest gratitude. Of my sincerity I promise - to convince them if we are ever permitted to meet again. We are now - amongst the foremost troops in the enemy’s country, having pitched - our tents six miles from Saltillo on the high lands of Mexico, with a - girdle of mountains around us. Through these there are three principal - passes. Gen. Wool’s division occupies beyond the city; two companies - of Kentucky cavalry at Rinconida Pass; and two companies of the same - regiment at the one on our left. - - “Our discipline here is very strict, as rumor of an attack is - continually floating about the camp. Last night near midnight an - express arrived from the city, with orders that a picket guard of - thirty men should be stationed two miles from the camp on the road to - the two passes, as a large body of lancers had been discovered in the - neighborhood. But no further alarm has yet been given. - - “We arrived here on New Year’s day, just as the Louisville Legion - and the 1st Ohio regiment, were returning to Monterey. We had many - a welcome recognition of friends in the Legion, and many jokes on - our bronzed appearance; and allusions made to brighter days, when we - attended together military encampments, dinners and target shooting; - little dreaming that such a meeting as this was in store. - - “Yesterday several of us visited a cotton factory not far from the - camp, which is owned by a Scotchman, who conducts the concern with - ability. There are fifty girls employed, several of whom are from the - States. The machinery was imported from New York. - - “We have just received word to garrison the city, in place of General - Worth’s division. Yesterday they started on their way to join General - Scott. The 3d regiment has already started, so I must postpone - finishing till we are moved. - - -“_18th._--During the interval between these dates, I have been so -employed, that I have not been able to finish these notes. We have -so many duties to perform, that there are few leisure moments indeed -for writing. One hundred men are detailed from each of the Indiana -regiments for guard; besides others to work on the fortifications. Last -night our company was on patrol. We were up all night traversing the -streets and alleys, and every suspicious corner in the city. But there -is so much excitement connected with these duties, that we greatly -prefer them to the monotony of camp life. - -“We are now pleasantly situated, having comfortable quarters and good -provisions. The Greys sustain that character which they so proudly bore -at home. Yesterday General Butler remarked to his aid-de-camp, while on -brigade drill, that we were the finest volunteer company he had seen -in the service. Our belts were perfectly white, and our arms brightly -burnished, which made the contrast so perceptible. - -“The city of Saltillo is situated on the side of a hill. It has narrow -streets and side walks, which are roughly paved with stone. The houses -are built of stone and mud bricks, whitened over on the outside with -plaster. They have flat roofs. The city boasts of two cathedrals, a -nunnery and four plazas. In the centre of the plazas are fountains -continually playing from the centre of large basins. - -“The church and plaza Santiago are truly magnificent, covering a whole -square, and the front beautifully ornamented with columns, arches -and statuary. In one steeple is placed a town clock, and in another -a fine collection of chimes. The plaza, when viewed from the church, -has an imposing appearance. The side walks around lead through arches -supported by columns. There are groves of trees at regular distances, -and fountains in the centre, spouting forth the sparkling liquid into -the air, forming rainbows as it falls in copious showers into the basin -below. But these beauties are but a scanty foretaste of the splendid -magnificence that presents itself when you enter the church. I am -incompetent to give a just description of its solemn grandeur. The -paintings were truly beautiful. Hundreds of images were set in large -cases of glass, and gilded niches richly clothed in satins and velvets, -and decorated with silver, gold and precious stones. The altar in the -sanctum is entirely overlaid with silver, as well as the candlesticks, -censers and other appendages. The religious awe and superstitious -reverence they have for these things are astonishing. As they pass the -cathedral, they take off their hats. At morning, noon and night, the -bells commence ringing, as if the whole town was on fire, and persons -in the streets uncover their heads. Yesterday I saw a woman walking on -her knees over the rough stones to church. - -“A portion of my leisure time is agreeably spent with some of my -Mexican acquaintances. I have made some progress in acquiring their -language. Yesterday I dined with them by invitation. The natives -are moving from the city in great numbers, and every day increases -the belief that the town will be attacked. About nine o’clock the -other night, the whole city was thrown into an uproar by an expected -attack. Great were the stir and confusion. As the long roll resounded -from every guard station, the crowds of terrified citizens were seen -hurrying to their homes, closing up their stores and barricading their -doors. The fire was gleaming from the rough stones, as the galloping -steeds were rushing to and fro. The cries, ‘to your quarters, men, the -enemy is upon us!’ added to the commotion and tumultuous disorder. - -“In a few minutes our little force was formed on the main plaza, and -after an exciting appeal, were stationed at different points. There -we anxiously awaited the assault, but waited in vain, and were soon -disbanded, as the alarm was occasioned by the firing of the Mexican -sentry upon convicts who were attempting to make their escape. It -appears that Santa Anna had sent an order to the alcalde, requiring him -to liberate the criminals, on condition they would join the army. This -the alcalde refused to do; the prisoners finding this out, raised in -rebellion, which caused our stampede. - - “Yours, &c.” - - - _Camp at Agua Nueva, February 12th._ - -We arrived at this place, on last Saturday, to join General Taylor and -Wool, who recently concentrated their forces here. It is generally -believed that a movement is contemplated upon San Luis Potosi, or -Zacatecas. - -It is quite cold in this elevated situation, and we have suffered -exceedingly, especially within a few days. Last night was the first -snow storm that I saw this winter. We use pitch-pine as wood, and chop -it ourselves upon the mountains, six or seven miles from the camp, by -the road. - -We now occupy the post of danger, and know not what is in store for -us. So many reports have been in circulation, that we are almost -indifferent to what we hear, no matter how startling it might appear. -But if we march towards San Luis, we shall have what we have been so -long craving--a fight. Recently I became sergeant, to fill the vacancy -occasioned by Thomas Gwin being made sergeant-major. Being on guard -to-night, these notes are written during the intervals of my duties; -having a cold, and nursing my light, which is kept flickering by the -howling wind without. It is nearly eleven, and time to awaken the -second relief. - - -_13th._--Last night I was so cold and uncomfortably situated, that -I was incapable of holding my pen, but I have commenced early this -morning, hoping to finish before my companions start away. There -was rain last night, and it don’t seem so cold at present, but the -mountains are still covered with snow. This place is truly romantic, -and presents some of the finest prospects I ever beheld. There is the -extended plain, dotted with white tents, and the huge mountain piles -around excite the loftiest sentiments. If the gorgeousness of the -sunsets could be transferred to canvas, the painter might be called a -wild enthusiast. - -Dear sister, in sending you this journal, I am actuated by the -expectation of a long and perilous march. It is well to dispense with -all superfluous weight. Please take care of this till I return, if -I should be so fortunate. I know not whether to ask you to continue -writing, as it is doubtful whether your letters would be received. I -shall hasten to apprize you of our next movement. Remember me to all -my friends, my mother and brothers in particular. My fingers are so -benumbed that I cannot write any more. - - -_28th._--During last week, I have passed through so many thrilling -scenes, that I am unable to describe them in regular order. Last Sunday -we received orders to strike our tents and prepare to march. Before we -had formed a line, and the command given, “file left,” the most of us -were ignorant of our place of destination. But so soon as we commenced -marching towards Saltillo, there was an end of discussion. - -Traveling about sixteen miles, we arrived at Buena Vista. After -pitching our tents, we lay down supperless, for we had neither wood nor -provisions. Scarcely had I fallen asleep, when the news was circulated -that a mail had arrived. Soon after a letter was handed me from my -friend Mrs. W., but, having no light, I was forced to postpone the -reading till morning. - -We had scarcely finished our breakfast, when the long roll was beaten, -calling us all to arms, as our picket guard had just arrived with -the intelligence that the Mexican army was approaching. Having packed -our wagon and formed a line, we were marched one and a-half miles -towards the enemy, and stationed on a ridge just behind the narrow pass -in which Major Washington’s battery was placed. There we waited the -approach. The Mexicans had encamped the night before at Agua Nueva, -causing the Kentucky and Arkansas cavalry, who were guarding some -provisions, to destroy them and retreat in the night. - -We were greatly indebted to Colonel May and Captain M’Cullough, who -rendered us much good service as spies. The intelligence which they -brought caused us to leave the plains of Agua Nueva for a very strong -and advantageous position.--Whilst we were awaiting the onset, I read -Mrs. W.’s letter over and over again. It was encouraging, and afforded -many topics for contemplation. - -Having remained in this position more than half the day, we were -ordered over to another height on the left, near the foot of the -mountain, where we were, during the night, occasionally receiving a -shot from the enemy’s battery. (See Map, Letter D.) Toward evening, -the two rifle companies, from each of the Indiana regiments, commanded -by Major Gorman, who were stationed on the left, upon the side of the -mountain, (see Map G,) were fired upon by an immense body of the enemy, -who had also ascended the mountain. A heavy fire was kept up till dark, -when all was silent, save the echoing of the enemy’s trumpets. I never -shall forget the peculiar melody of those sounds as we lay upon our -arms, hungry, and shivering with cold. It was a prelude to the awful -din of next day. - -Before hostilities commenced, a flag of truce was sent by Santa Anna -with dispatches to General Taylor, stating that he was here with -twenty thousand men, and to save loss of blood, demanded immediate -capitulation. General Taylor is said to have replied, “If you want -us, come and take us!” It looked almost like madness, with an army of -four thousand five hundred men, and sixteen small pieces of cannon, to -compete with a force, which all our prisoners, and Santa Anna himself, -agree in being twenty thousand men, and seventeen pieces of cannon--of -which eight were sixteen and twenty-four pounders. What a fearful -difference! Yet that small army of raw, inexperienced volunteers not -only struggled against twenty thousand strong of the flower of the -Mexican army, commanded by one of the ablest generals in the world, but -obtained a complete victory. This I hold to be one of the greatest -achievements upon record. - -Before I proceed further, I must confess my inability to give an -accurate description of the whole action. The excitement and interest -I experienced in what was passing immediately around me, occupied all -my attention. I shall, therefore, for my future perusal, detail my own -feelings and actions, together with what came under my own observation -during the hazardous conflict. - -At sunrise, on the following day, the roaring of the enemy’s cannon -announced the commencement of hostilities. A heavy fire was opened upon -our riflemen upon the mountain, but they returned it in a handsome -style. They were reinforced by a part of the 2d Illinois regiment and -Kentucky cavalry, but still the odds were greatly against them. The -whole mountain side, as far as the eye could reach, glittered with the -enemy’s bayonets and lances. - -It was about nine o’clock in the morning when our regiment and a -battery of three pieces, commanded by Lieut. O’Brien, marched out -towards the battery which had been playing against us during the -night and morning. We formed a line in front of three regiments of -Mexico’s oldest soldiers (see Map O). It was an awful moment to face -the thousands of veterans in solid column, with their gaudy uniforms -and showy banners. But we had no time for admiration; for, before our -line was formed, they had fired two rounds, which we soon returned -in right good earnest. I was at my post in the rank of file closers, -and was urging the men to form in their proper places, when Captain -Sanderson cried out, “Never mind, Frank, fire away!” which I did, with -all possible haste. About this time, the battery on our left (see Map, -Letters M, B), opened upon us a deadly fire of grape, which raked our -flank with terrible effect; still we stood front to front, and poured -our fire upon the infantry, which did us but little injury, as they -shot too high. But the battery on our left galled us exceedingly. -It appeared as if we had purposely halted in their exact range, and -the whole atmosphere resounded with the whizzing shot that came with -increasing precision. Apollos Stephens was the first of the Greys to -fall. He received a grape shot in the head, and fell back almost into -my arms. O, how shall I describe the horror of my feelings? There lay -quivering in death one of my comrades, with his eyes upturned, and the -tears starting from them. It was a sad and touching scene--one that -will never be effaced from my memory. I was loading when he fell, -and compressing my lips, and smothering my emotions, I stepped over -him and fired. Our captain was the next to fall, exclaiming “_I’ve -got it, boys!_” A grape shot had struck his scabbard, which saved his -life. Being ready to fire again, I stepped into a vacant place in the -ranks, where I continued to load and fire without noticing anything -around. The only thought I remember to have had was, “What a wonder -I did not receive Captain Sanderson’s shot, as I was next to him on -the same line! so the ball must have passed me before it struck him.” -All was hurry and excitement, each working hard and doing his best. -Occasionally a cannon-ball would whistle over our heads, or strike the -ground near us, throwing the rock and dirt in all directions. - -We had fired about twenty-one rounds, when I heard some one say, “They -are all retreating!” and turning, I saw that the right wing had gone, -and the left starting. But several who had not heard Colonel Bowles’ -order to retreat, cried out, “Halt, men! for God’s sake, stop!” At -this, many of us hesitated; but the retreat was general, and the enemy -fast advancing upon us, led on by a large force of lancers. At length, -Lieutenant Cayre, then in command, remarked, “It’s no use, boys, to -stay here alone; let _us_ retreat!” which we did, with the balls -raining around us, and the lancers at our heels. We rallied, by order, -on the brow of the ridge from which we started in the morning, but were -told to fall back upon the ridge on which we were first formed on the -morning of the 22d. Here many of us met the Mississippi regiment of -riflemen, who had just arrived from their quarters in town. - -The more I reflect upon our position in the opening of the conflict, -the more I am at a loss to understand the policy of sending the 2d -regiment against such an overpowering force. We were three-quarters of -a mile from any assistance, except that of the gallant O’Brien, who -with his three little pieces did such great execution. - -Our field officers all deny giving the word retreat, and General -Lane, they say, intended to charge. Had he given the word, the charge -would have been made; but how dreadful would have been the slaughter -of our troops. It is unprecedented in the annals of warfare, for -eight companies to rush against a disciplined force of three thousand -infantry supported by twelve hundred lancers. Had we remained fifteen -minutes longer, it is thought not one half of us would have survived. -Their battery was fast getting our exact range, and it is astonishing -that so many of us escaped.[1] - -[1] In justice to General Lane who, being ordered by General Wool to -move forward and meet the enemy that were advancing in strong force, -selected this point for their reception--I will state, that since I -have surveyed, with more leisure and coolness, our position, I am -convinced that a more judicious spot could not have been chosen. It was -the only place where our small force could present so large a front as -the enemy, who, with their overpowering numbers upon almost any other -ground, might have surrounded and destroyed us. To show the probability -of success, had the intended charge been made, I will here quote from a -conversation after the battle. General Wool remarked to Colonel Bowles, -in the presence of General Lane, Colonel Curtis, 3d Ohio regiment, and -Major Washington, Light Artillery, that if he had withheld his order, -“Cease firing, and retreat,” and had carried out the intention of -General Lane, to advance, his regiment would have executed one of the -most brilliant things ever done on any field of battle; “for,” said he, -“Santa Anna, in his own official report, remarks, ‘that he had already -passed an order for his forces to retreat, when the enemy, after a most -determined resistance, was observed to give way in great confusion.’” - -My object in thus pausing in my description, is to show the position -of our field officers, and why the 2d Indiana regiment scattered -themselves into other regiments. Here, one instance will be related -showing the qualification of Colonel Bowles to command. On the night of -the 22d we were surprised by a body of horsemen, supposed to be lancers -endeavoring to outflank us. This was pointed out to the Colonel, who -called us to attention, and attempted to form us in a line of battle -before the enemy. But, in his ignorance of tactics, he got us with the -“left in front,” and while we were maneuvering to get right, we might -have been cut to pieces. Fortunately, however, the alarm was caused by -some of our own cavalry, who were returning from watering their horses. - -At this display of incapacity in the hour of danger, great murmuring -arose amongst the officers, and the men were all unwilling to trust -their honor and lives in his hands. A committee was sent to General -Lane, requesting him to be with us on the following day, which he -promised faithfully to do. Now in these remarks, I do not wish to -express any disrespect to Colonel Bowles, farther than as a military -commander. I believe him to be intelligent, courteous and humane, and -judging of actions during the engagement, I have no reason to doubt -his or Colonel Haddon’s bravery. But who would wonder at our want -of confidence in these officers, after beholding their ridiculous -blunders while on drill? Who would blame the men for preferring other -commanders, when the enemy commenced crowding upon us? One-third of -us joined other regiments, and the remainder rallied under Lieutenant -Colonel Haddon, forming a distinct front as a regiment, and fought with -firmness alongside the Mississippians and 3d Indianians. - -After many fruitless exertions to rally his men, Colonel Bowles ordered -those who were near him to join the Mississippians, at the same time -falling in himself. We marched along the ridge to meet a large body of -lancers supported by infantry. We soon opened our fire upon them, and -that, too, in a manner which forced them to retreat, and pursuing, we -halted at intervals, and continued our leaden hail. Having followed -them across two deep ravines, they were reinforced, and came rushing -down upon us like a tremendous avalanche, pouring out upon us their -incessant shot. We fell back across the two hollows, occasionally -halting to fire upon our pursuers. - -While in the second ravine, the sun shining with burning heat, -famishing for want of water, and almost overcome with exertions, I -leaned against a rocky precipice, and there made up my mind to die. -Sad and hopeless were my thoughts, when, raising my head, I beheld the -Mexican line firing down upon us. At this I was involuntarily aroused, -and recollecting an expression in Mrs. W.’s letter, “If you should -die, it would kill your mother,” I made an effort for those I loved -and gained the summit. But oh! God! what a merciful preservation! The -balls rained around, scattering death and destruction on every side. -It appeared like the bed under a shot tower, so thick and fast did the -balls hail about us. A man just before me was shot down, and a brave -lieutenant, who so kindly made room for me in his company, fell wounded -behind me, exclaiming, “Give me water! give me a handkerchief!” I gazed -upon his supplicating countenance, but had nothing to relieve him. -Rendered reckless by the sight we had just witnessed, we rallied again -upon the top of the hill, and with the 2d Indiana under Lieutenant -Haddon, opened a terrible fire upon our blood-thirsty enemies. They -soon retreated in the utmost disorder. - -Having fled beyond our fire, a detail was sent to explore the ravine -for our wounded. While descending, what a shocking scene presented -itself! The barbarians were cruelly butchering our wounded, and -stripping them of their clothes. But our unerring rifles soon stopped -these atrocious murders. Our success was but poor compensation for the -blood of twenty brave comrades. The poor lieutenant was left naked with -his throat cut from ear to ear. - -About this time the city of Saltillo was attacked by two thousand -lancers, from Palamus Pass, commanded by General Minon, but being -unable to face Major Webster’s well-directed battery from the redoubt -fort, were driven back, after endeavoring to join the main army -by passing along the foot of the mountain. Simultaneous with this -engagement, a charge was made by a large body of lancers upon our -baggage and provision train, at the Ranch (see Map, Letter J) Buena -Vista, and were met by several companies of Kentucky and Arkansas -cavalry, who were unable to withstand the shock, and were forced to -fall back. Then the extended line of lancers came rushing down with -their weapons poised ready to murder and rob our wounded, and sack our -wagons. But they were checked by the appalling fire from the Indiana -rifle battalion, who were ordered from the mountain with others who -had rallied there. (See Map, Letter K.) If the latter could be blamed -for retreating thither, they more than balanced it by their coolness -and heroic defence in this instance. So firmly and furiously did they -resist the Mexicans, that the plundering wretches gladly made their -escape, leaving the plain strewed with their dead and dying. They -were now pursued by Colonel May’s squadron of dragoons, who, with two -pieces of Captain Bragg’s battery, had just come up. They were driven -along the foot of the mountain into a gorge, where they joined a force -that the Mississippians, reinforced by the two Indiana regiments and a -twelve-pound howitzer, had been firing upon with great execution. There -we had them in a dreadful dilemma, Colonel May (see Letter U), and the -two pieces on the left pouring forth a destructive fire as they closed -in. Below, on their right, was stationed a battery of three pieces, -commanded by Captain Sherman, (see Letter Z,) emitting without mercy -the messengers of death. Still further to the right was our position, -(see Letter H,) and with our little cannon was opening their ranks at -every fire. At this interesting crisis, just as we were about to obtain -a brilliant victory over a force of more than five thousand strong, -we were ordered to cease hostilities, as a flag of truce had arrived. -There was an immediate cessation on _our_ part, which the enemy -faithlessly took advantage of, by passing out of the gorge, but not -without suffering greatly from the fire which opened upon them, when -their object was discovered. - -The greatest portion of the afternoon was spent with these events. The -enemy, now making another desperate effort, came charging down upon us -in all their splendor. We at once formed a V. (See Letter H.) The 3d -Indiana on the right, the Mississippians and 2d Indiana forming the -angle. As we stood awaiting their approach, Colonel Davis cried out, -“Hold your fire, men, until they get close, and then give it to them!” -I never shall forget the imposing appearance of the Mexicans as they -bore down upon us with their immense columns, glittering lances, and -parti-colored banners. There was one company mounted upon white horses, -and wearing brass mounted caps, with red plumes. At first they started -off in a trot, and as they accelerated into a graceful gallop, with -lines accurately dressed, and lances poised for action, within twenty -paces of us, General Lane gave the word--“_Now give it to them!_” -Here I shall fail in description. What language could I use to convey -a vivid impression of the din and crashing thunder of this terrible -collision? How awful was the report and the destruction of our deadly -fire. The enemy at first slackened, then halted and wavered; then -turning toward their battery, on the ridge, they fled, terrified and -panic-stricken. - -It was, indeed, a glorious achievement. Whole platoons appeared to -droop and fall before our unerring shot. It seemed as if every man -felt that he was an American soldier, and that he was individually -responsible for the performance of that hour. And as the victors -pursued the retreating foe, they rent the air with their shouts of -triumph, throwing up their caps, and giving every demonstration of the -highest delight. - -I now felt for the first time like exclaiming, “There is something -glorious in the pomp and circumstance of war.” I almost thought that -I could not be killed, and I felt secure when I reflected about the -bloody ravine, and my miraculous escape. General Lane here rode by, -exclaiming, “_We’ll whip them yet!_” He forgot entirely his wounded -arm, and rode about the field cheering and encouraging the men. It -was truly a happy time! Our little cannon had played into them so -effectually, and it was defended so nobly! In a few minutes we were -again facing the foe upon the ridge, near the place where we were -stationed in the morning. (see Letter S.) The enemy had planted there -a heavy battery, (see Letters M and B,) and as we ascended the brow of -the hill, we were warmly received by an incessant fire, both from the -battery and the Mexican reserve of six thousand that were pursuing -the Illinoisians and Kentuckians, who had _heroically_ attacked this -overpowering force. This was the unfortunate charge in which fell the -gallant Hardin, McKee, and Clay;--a trio of mind, heart and courage, -ever to be lamented. (See Letter P.) - -We soon, however, nothing daunted, paid them back with interest, and -again the air was eloquent with our victorious cheers. We there fell -back for protection, under the brow of the hill, and calmly listened -to the whizzing shot from the enemy’s battery striking the ground in -front and rear, scattering the stone in every direction. Thus was spent -the remaining portion of the day. Occasionally we would be called to -attention, and marched to the brow of the hill, when we suspected some -demonstration upon our cannon, which was used in silencing the enemy’s -battery. About sundown, the thundering of artillery ceased, and the -conflict of the day was over. - -The Mississippians having received orders to repair to their quarters -in town, myself and Lieutenant Kunkle, (who so proudly bore our banner -in the thickest fight,) accompanied them as far as the hacienda. Our -noble banner was executed by the skill and patriotism of the New Albany -ladies. - -Such a night as I spent at the hacienda, God grant that I may never -spend again! What piles of wounded and dying that lay groaning around! -After wandering about among the wagons which were formed into a hollow -square, I came across one of my messmates. Warmly grasping each -other’s hands, we mutually inquired for our comrades. Then came the -mournful tidings of the death of Francis Baily, Warren Robinson, and -Charles Goff, three of my warmest friends, and brightest ornaments of -our company. What a shock was this!--two of our beloved messmates, -by whom, side by side, we had laid together for so many long months -on the soldier’s couch, and with whom we had so often joked, while -around our simple meals! But no more shall we mingle together in such -uninterrupted harmony! I sought among the wagons for my blanket, but it -was not there. I desired no food, notwithstanding I had eaten but a few -pieces of hard crackers since the morning before. I was now becoming -conscious of my excessive weariness. Loss of sleep, violent exertion, -and the rain, which drenched us several times during the day, caused my -bones to ache in every joint. Weary and faint, I resorted to the roof -of one of the houses, hoping to get a little rest, but in this I was -disappointed. I had scarcely begun to occupy a portion of a blanket -kindly offered me by one of my friends, when we were alarmed by an -unexpected charge from the lancers. Great were the excitement and hurry -on the house tops. Soon every one was ready and waiting for the onset. -Thus the night was spent in continual alarms, anxiety and suspense. We -were ordered to lie upon our arms, and five times during the night were -we aroused for the expected assault from the lancers, whose watch fires -gleamed ominously from the mountains around. The sun had hardly arisen -upon the bloody field, when I gladly arose to seek a fire, as my limbs -were benumbed with cold. While seated on a stone near a fire, I was -brooding over my fate, and that of our little army. - -Gloomy, indeed, were my thoughts when my eye caught an open letter -lying upon the ground. Picking it up, I read carelessly until I started -at beholding my own name. Soon I found that the letter was written from -my beloved home, by one of my female friends to my departed associate, -Charles Goff. Never did I before so fully appreciate the value of -friends, or a quiet home, away from the tumult of war. “A---- says she -loves her friends.” How did these sweet words sink into my heart, and -what would I not have given to have realized their import! But what -a contrast between my situation and that of my friends! The dead and -the dying, with mangled and bloody features, staring at me, and a day -of deadly strife before us! I felt that my own destiny would soon be -sealed, and resolved to hold out to the last. - -If ever permitted to return home and mingle with valued friends, and -enjoy the blessings of peace, doubtless many of the horrors will be -effaced from my memory. But never shall I forget the terrible night -that I passed at the hacienda of Buena Vista. - -Having partaken of some refreshment, many of us proceeded to the field -to rejoin our regiment. While wiping out our muskets and renewing our -flints by the way, we were passed by six men, bearing the body of a -wounded companion. Looking over their shoulders, I recognized my old -friend, Sergeant Combs, of the 3d Indiana regiment. The poor fellow had -been shot in the leg, and had lain out in the field all night. In the -morning his naked body was found amidst a plat of prickly pears, with -his flesh penetrated by the long needles. He has since died. - -Upon our arrival we heard of the retreat of the Mexican army, and -parties were sent out in all directions for the killed and wounded. -Another and myself obtained leave to seek for the body of Warren -Robinson. The last account we had of him he was in a ravine, completely -exhausted, and some one passing, remarked, “Warren, don’t stop here; -you’ll surely be killed!” He answered, “I can’t help it; I can go no -further; and if I never see you again, you will know where to find me.” -This place was described to us, and we found him accordingly. He was -pierced to the heart by a ball, and robbed of his shoes and stockings, -and the contents of his pockets. - -After gazing upon the placid countenance of young Warren, and -reflecting on his blasted hopes of the future, we raised him up, -and with assistance, bore his bleeding body to the summit of the -ridge. Having secured a wagon, a party of us went in search of others -belonging to our regiment. At length we found the horridly disfigured -bodies of Apollos Stephens and Francis Baily. They were stripped -of their clothing, and near the place where they had fallen in the -morning. At first the icy coldness of their naked bodies sent a thrill -of horror at every touch throughout my whole frame: but my firmness -of nerve increased a little as we progressed in filling up the wagon -with our fallen associates. How my blood chills when I reflect on -those dead soldiers stiffened in frightful attitudes, that were heaped -upon one another so promiscuously! On which side soever we turned our -eyes, could be seen friends and foes terribly mangled, and lingering -in torture. Many of the Mexicans would call out “Agua, agua!” and -gulping it down, they would appear resigned to die. And thus the day -was spent in wandering over the bloody field, and burying the dead. -The dead of each regiment were laid together. Our boys were placed -side by side--Robinson sharing the blanket of his college mate Capt. -Kinder. After preserving a lock of each one’s hair, as a memento for -their friends, we fixed a cross made with staves, with their names cut -thereon, and raised over them a pile of stones. Then we fired three -salutes, and with a heavy heart returned to our camp. But wherever -we went, the dead appeared to follow us, and the most solemn silence -reigned around. On one side lay fifty of our killed, all stripped; -and everywhere could be seen the effect of the raging conflict. After -a cheerless supper, we performed the last duties of humanity to our -worthy messmate Charles Goff. It appears that during the retreat he -received a lance wound in the left elbow, and repaired to a stream -below the rancho to quench his thirst and bathe his wound when he was -attacked by five lancers. Seeing him unarmed, they pursued him at full -speed. After chasing him some distance, they overtook him, and Charles, -finding it impossible to save himself, faced the foe and received the -lance in the breast, before assistance could arrive, and died with an -expression of calm resignation lingering upon his countenance. He was -a good soldier, taking pride in the performance of all his duties. As -a Christian he was invulnerable to the temptations of camp. The last -conversation I had with him was just before we marched out to the -battle. I inquired if he had expressed to any one his wishes in case -he should fall. He replied “No!” with great seriousness. “Hadn’t you -better?” said I. “Yes, and now is the time,” he answered. “I wish you -to collect my papers and things, and take them home to my friends; you -know who I mean.” I asked if he just meant those things that might -be preserved as mementos. Here we were called to attention, and he -replied by nodding his head. Then I heard his rallying voice after the -retreat, which was the last I saw of him until he was cold in death. O -how deeply do we feel his loss! Few, indeed, were like him! We buried -him by moonlight on a grassy ridge near the spot where he fell. Several -officers of the brigade and regiment were present. - -The next day our scouts brought word that Santa Anna was still at Agua -Nueva, and perhaps would renew the combat. We were ordered to strike -our tents and repair again to the battle-field, where we remained -suffering almost every inconvenience. In my mess there was not a single -blanket, and many of us had lost our knap-sacks with our clothing. -So we were forced to sleep upon a stony mattress with our tents as -coverlids. Even such rest as these could afford was uncertain. Our -dreams were feverish with anxiety, and every hour we expected the long -roll, and our arms were continually near us. The long roll! oh how -terrible the sound! fraught with danger and death! The soldier alone -can appreciate its import! A night or two before, we heard its sounds -with all its horrors. - -Others with myself were conversing over a few coals when General Lane -came up, and ordered Colonel Bowles to have the long roll beaten as an -express had just arrived, stating that our picket guard had been fired -upon. This was a fine opportunity to witness its startling effect, -and waking up my mess we looked down the ravine, where so many were -reposing their weary bones. The moon looked down upon us in all her -silvery brightness, save in the gloomy shadow of mighty rocks, which -were piled up stratum upon stratum. Death-like stillness pervaded the -scene, but it was like the silence that preludes the mighty crash of -the avalanche; for now the rolling of a hundred drums spreads from line -to line. In an instant the white coverings are flying in the air, and -the whole army starting to their feet with every variety of expression -visible upon their excited countenances. - -After shivering in the cold for an hour, we were permitted to lie down -again upon our arms. Thus the time was spent in continual alarms and -rumors of assault, which was worse than a dozen battles. We were all -anxious to meet the enemy again, to be revenged for their cruelty to -our wounded brethren, and felt that we could fight more effectually, -as we were hardened into indifference by the past, in beholding our -falling comrades. And further, we had a reinforcement of General -Marshall with three eighteen pounders. At length intelligence came that -the Mexican army had taken up their line of march to San Luis Potosi; -when we were ordered immediately to make preparations for our old -encampment. - -It was a melancholy march, as the road all the way for sixteen miles -was strewed with the Mexican dead. On a single spot I counted thirteen -bodies; and at times the scent from the field was almost insupportable. -After an exciting march, we pitched our tents near the spot which we -left a week before; and part of the time since the enemy had occupied, -whose fires were not extinct on our return. - - -_March 14th._--We received orders last Wednesday to remove back -to Buena Vista, as the water was so bad, and the wind and dust so -disagreeable, that even our horses were affected, causing them to -die off in great numbers. I was on guard the day before, and was not -relieved till the next evening. To remain a whole day in the hot sun -without shelter, and remain up all night in the cold wind, is a poor -preparation for a hard march. The guard went in advance, and upon our -arrival, were posted around the camp, which is situated on a ridge, -sloping from the mountain. There we remained until the tents were -pitched, and a new guard mounted. - -We have not yet forgotten the battle. Low spirits, gloom and regret -are everywhere manifest. There are but few who have not to mourn the -loss of friends and relations. Our wounded are all doing well, save -Granville Jackson, the inflammation of whose hand has brought on a -severe fever; and Alfred Goodwin, who, though badly wounded, may -eventually be able to walk. - -Much controversy is going with regard to the retreat of the 2d -regiment; but as it can easily be proved that Colonel Bowles gave the -order, the matter will soon be favorably understood. But the subject -gives us great trouble. If our reputation must suffer, it is, indeed, -very discouraging. - -General Taylor, the adored of the army and the hero of many battles, -has removed with Colonel May’s squadron of dragoons, Bragg’s battery of -light artillery, and the Mississippi regiment, to Walnut Springs, near -Monterey. We are still under the command of General Wool, who, although -a brave and prudent officer, and a good soldier, falls below “Old -Rough” in gaining the affection of the men. - -There are many things I should like to speak of, especially incidents -and personalities connected with the battle, but am now too low -spirited to relate them. We are so inconveniently situated, the wind -and dust so disagreeable, and at times so concerned for our reputation, -that often I become almost hopeless, and hardly care what becomes of -me. The Indiana troops have truly been unfortunate, the 2d regiment -especially. From our first entering the service, we were organized in -a way contrary to our wishes, and officers selected for us, wholly -unqualified for their stations, and even below mediocrity in point of -talent, which rendered them unable to draw the attention of commanding -officers to their regiment. Thus the greater portion of our time was -spent in obscurity, wading the lagoons of Belknap--since which time we -are nothing indebted to our regimental officers for our preferments. -General Lane has made the 2d regiment what it is, and does honor to the -position which he occupies. But I will cease this strain, as I promised -to complain as little as possible. - - -_April 1st._--We are now comfortably situated, and have less cause of -complaint than at any other time during the service. There are two -tents pitched together for our mess of eight, who live together in -the greatest harmony. Our floor is carpeted with grass, and we have -blankets and provisions in abundance. But still we look with much -solicitude to the time when we shall meet our beloved friends at home. -What a blank is caused by the absence of some of the refinements of -society, and to be so long absent from those we love, with but little -to occupy their places!--I have learned much in the tented field; I -have learned how few are the real wants of man; I have learned to -abstain from luxuries and to suffer privation; I have learned how -important is good female society for the refinement of manners and the -elevation of morals. - -All is quiet again, and the excitement attending the expectation of -another attack, has died away. Until recently, the guard duty has been -very heavy, and the troops in constant anxiety, caused by the rumors -in circulation.--Yesterday the whole division passed in grand review -before General Wool and staff. It was truly a splendid sight. Seven -regiments of infantry, accurately dressed upon the same line; two -squadrons of dragoons, and four batteries of flying artillery. The -gaudy uniforms of the general and staff added to the imposing grandeur -of the parade. The camp is generally in good health, and our wounded -doing well. The loss of Goff and Robinson is a severe stroke to the -mess. I assure you we miss them greatly, especially at night, when we -see their vacant places upon the ground. - - -_May 15th._--During the last two weeks much excitement has prevailed -with regard to the court of investigation, concerning the conduct of -Brigadier-General Lane and Colonel Bowles. General Lane called for an -examination on his own part, and was acquitted with the highest praise. -Colonel Bowles, by request, followed his example, and the charge of -incapacity for performing the duties of his office, and ignorance of -company and battalion drill, were fully substantiated, as well as the -word of giving the order--“Cease firing, and retreat!” This decision, -approved by Generals Taylor and Wool, at once sets at rest all doubts -as to the propriety of our retreat, and no blame can now be attached to -the 2d regiment for that unfortunate event. - -Yesterday evening we received the joyful orders to take up our line -of march for the mouth of the Rio Grande, to start on the 24th. The -2d Kentuckians started yesterday; the Ohioans will leave on the 18th; -and the Illinoisians on the 30th.--We have just received a request -from the citizens of New Albany to bring home the four bodies of our -fallen comrades. We had already canvassed the matter, and given it up -as impossible; but now it must be done, and preparations are being -made for their transportation. General Lane, with his characteristic -nobleness of heart, lends a helping hand. The Mexicans are inferior -mechanics, and material is scarce; and we shall have to use tin instead -of lead for coffins, as the latter is not to be had. - -The decision of the Court of Inquiry encouraged and animated us all; -and the effect was quite obvious throughout the whole camp. Last night -a number of us were convened around the fire, and were all recalling -incidents connected with the battle. Many amusing anecdotes were -related, two of which I shall record, as examples of great coolness in -the heat of battle. - -During the engagement of the rifle battalion on the mountain, a -deer sprang up in the ravine, between the two fires; a backwoodsman -observing it, cried out, “Look at that deer!” at the same time -diverting his aim from the enemy in front, instantly fired, and brought -the animal to the ground. Another happened under my own observation. -When Captain Sanderson fell, badly shocked by a grape shot striking -his scabbard, a man just before him, who was squatted down examining -his flint, seeing the ball fall near, picked it up, and turning to the -captain, who was gasping for breath, threw it towards him, carelessly -remarking, “There it is, Cap.!” - -A ludicrous story was told of a party composed of different regiments, -in an eating-house of Saltillo, after the battle. They were drinking, -and relating their wonderful exploits. One in particular was eloquent -upon the daring bravery of his captain. At this crisis, a fellow -who had been unnoticed before in their merriment, advanced from his -corner, and enthusiastically insisted that the captain spoken of was a -brave man, for he saw him charge unarmed upon a presented pistol. The -stranger was invited to drink, then urged to relate the circumstance, -and, after smacking his lips with great satisfaction, he commenced. -“During the fight I retreated to town, and hid in an old bake oven that -stood on the hill, as you enter the city. Well, I hadn’t been there -long, before I spied your captain making for it at full speed. I drew -my revolver, and when he came, cried out to him, ‘Don’t you come here, -or I’ll blow your brains out!’ _But he rushed right in._” - -An amusing incident came off the other day, at the mounting of the -guard. A lieutenant, rather too fond of the “Critter,” with a seedy -suit that had evidently not been worn out with brushing, was rejected, -and charged by our worthy inspector-general not to present himself -there again. So the next day _another_ was detailed, not much better -attired. When the inspector perceived him, he rode up, and severely -remarked, “Didn’t I tell you not to come back here?” He respectfully -rejoined: “A slight mistake, colonel, there is one grease spot less on -this hat!” - - - “_Camp near Reynosa, June 4th._ - -“According to general orders, we broke up our encampment at Buena Vista -on the 24th of May, and after a march of ten successive days, over -three hundred miles, we arrived at this place. From this we will take -steamboats to the mouth of the Rio Grande, thence by vessels to New -Orleans, where we will be discharged, and permitted to return to the -endearments of home. It rained during our last day’s march, and has -continued to do so ever since, at intervals. - -“Yesterday several of us visited Reynosa, but saw nothing interesting, -with the exception of the funeral of a little girl five years of age. -We were first attracted to the house by music from the drum, clarionet -and violin. When we arrived, we found the child placed upright in the -coffin, and tricked out with finery. On the head was a kind of a crown -of gilt paper; in one hand the figure of a saint, and in the other a -piece of black wax. After many of the family and friends had assembled, -they formed a ring before the door, and commenced dancing and waltzing -in the most unfeeling manner, until the corpse was conveyed to the -church. They bear the death of children with great philosophy, deeming -it no source of lamentation. The more extensive my acquaintance -with this people, the greater my pride and satisfaction in being an -American. The beauty and ingenuousness of their women, the mind and -energy of their men, are so far below those of ours, that we cannot -make a comparison. They plough their fields with a straight stick -running slanting into the ground; never did I see them make a pound of -butter, although they obtain vast quantities of milk; and they justify -their laborious way of crushing corn by saying ‘it makes it much finer -than mills.’” - -On the 3d of July, we landed at New Albany, after an absence of a -year. Multitudes of friends and acquaintances stood upon the shore to -await our arrival. The cannon roared to welcome us, and a flowery arch -spanned the street in all its beauty, to cheer us as we entered the -city. On the fifth, we transported to the solemn grave, the remains -of our fellow soldiers. Great was the concourse which followed in -procession, to witness the mournful ceremony. A noble monument will -mark the resting-place of those who fell in battle. - -Reader, I will now come to a conclusion. This journal was written for -my own reference and amusement, but I have made some verbal alterations -for your accommodation. Had I more thoroughly revised the style and -arrangement in my manuscript, doubtless fewer errors would have -existed; but it may go forth with its imperfections, for I have neither -time nor inclination to put on a higher polish. - -Other companies than the _Greys_, and other regiments than the -_Second_, could not expect a description of all their glorious deeds -from one whose humble position limited his survey and sources of -extensive information. If I have erred in statements, it was of the -_head_, and not of the _heart_. With a clear conscience I have written -what I have written. Brilliant actions, no doubt, were performed at -Buena Vista that will never shine upon canvas, nor glow in the poet’s -song, nor blaze upon the page of history. - - -THE END. - - - - -Transcriber’s Notes - -Errors in punctuation have been fixed. - -Page 15: “of the corse” changed to “of the corpse” - -Page 32: “kind of opheclide” changed to “kind of ophicleide” - -Page 40: “suddenly arroused” changed to “suddenly aroused” - -Page 44: “Nothwithstanding the discouragement” changed to -“Notwithstanding the discouragement” - -Page 48: “a rout that did not pass” changed to “a route that did -not pass” - -Page 58: “the moun ains” changed to “the mountains” - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A CAMPAIGN IN MEXICO *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part -of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm -concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, -and may not be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following -the terms of the trademark license, including paying royalties for use -of the Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for -copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is very -easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as creation -of derivative works, reports, performances and research. Project -Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and printed and given away--you may -do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks not protected -by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark -license, especially commercial redistribution. - -START: FULL LICENSE - -THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE -PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK - -To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free -distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work -(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full -Project Gutenberg-tm License available with this file or online at -www.gutenberg.org/license. - -Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works - -1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to -and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property -(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all -the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or -destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your -possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a -Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound -by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the -person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph -1.E.8. - -1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be -used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who -agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few -things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See -paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this -agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below. - -1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the -Foundation" or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection -of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual -works in the collection are in the public domain in the United -States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the -United States and you are located in the United States, we do not -claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, -displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as -all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope -that you will support the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting -free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm -works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the -Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with the work. You can easily -comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the -same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg-tm License when -you share it without charge with others. - -1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern -what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are -in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, -check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this -agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, -distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any -other Project Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no -representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any -country other than the United States. - -1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: - -1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other -immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear -prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work -on which the phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the -phrase "Project Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, -performed, viewed, copied or distributed: - - This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and - most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no - restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it - under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this - eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the - United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where - you are located before using this eBook. - -1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is -derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not -contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the -copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in -the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are -redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply -either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or -obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg-tm -trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted -with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution -must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any -additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms -will be linked to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works -posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the -beginning of this work. - -1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm -License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this -work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. - -1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this -electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without -prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with -active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project -Gutenberg-tm License. - -1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, -compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including -any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access -to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format -other than "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official -version posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm website -(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense -to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means -of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original "Plain -Vanilla ASCII" or other form. Any alternate format must include the -full Project Gutenberg-tm License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. - -1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, -performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works -unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing -access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -provided that: - -* You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from - the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method - you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed - to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he has - agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid - within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are - legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty - payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in - Section 4, "Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg - Literary Archive Foundation." - -* You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies - you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he - does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm - License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all - copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue - all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg-tm - works. - -* You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of - any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the - electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of - receipt of the work. - -* You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free - distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. - -1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work or group of works on different terms than -are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing -from the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the manager of -the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the Foundation as set -forth in Section 3 below. - -1.F. - -1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable -effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread -works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project -Gutenberg-tm collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may -contain "Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate -or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other -intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or -other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or -cannot be read by your equipment. - -1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right -of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project -Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all -liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal -fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT -LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE -PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE -TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE -LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR -INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH -DAMAGE. - -1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a -defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can -receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a -written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you -received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium -with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you -with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in -lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person -or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second -opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If -the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing -without further opportunities to fix the problem. - -1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth -in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO -OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT -LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. - -1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied -warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of -damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement -violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the -agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or -limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or -unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the -remaining provisions. - -1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the -trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone -providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in -accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the -production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, -including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of -the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this -or any Project Gutenberg-tm work, (b) alteration, modification, or -additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any -Defect you cause. - -Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm - -Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of -electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of -computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It -exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations -from people in all walks of life. - -Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the -assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's -goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will -remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure -and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future -generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see -Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at -www.gutenberg.org - -Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation - -The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-profit -501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the -state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal -Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification -number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by -U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. - -The Foundation's business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, -Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up -to date contact information can be found at the Foundation's website -and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact - -Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg -Literary Archive Foundation - -Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without -widespread public support and donations to carry out its mission of -increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be -freely distributed in machine-readable form accessible by the widest -array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations -($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt -status with the IRS. - -The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating -charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United -States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a -considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up -with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations -where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND -DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular -state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate - -While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we -have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition -against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who -approach us with offers to donate. - -International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make -any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from -outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. - -Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current donation -methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other -ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To -donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate - -Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works - -Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project -Gutenberg-tm concept of a library of electronic works that could be -freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and -distributed Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of -volunteer support. - -Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed -editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in -the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not -necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper -edition. - -Most people start at our website which has the main PG search -facility: www.gutenberg.org - -This website includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, -including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to -subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. |