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+This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements,
+metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be
+in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES.
+
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+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #68938 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/68938)
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-The Project Gutenberg eBook of A campaign in Mexico, by Benjamin
-Franklin Scribner
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
-most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
-whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
-of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
-www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you
-will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before
-using this eBook.
-
-Title: A campaign in Mexico
-
-Author: Benjamin Franklin Scribner
-
-Release Date: September 8, 2022 [eBook #68938]
-
-Language: English
-
-Produced by: The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
-             https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
-             generously made available by The Internet Archive)
-
-*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A CAMPAIGN IN MEXICO ***
-
-
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  BATTLE
-  _OF_
-  BUENA VISTA]
-
-
-
-
-  A
-
-  CAMPAIGN IN MEXICO.
-
-  BY
-
-  “ONE WHO WAS THAR.”
-
-  “Variety is the spice of life.”
-
-  PHILADELPHIA:
-
-  JAMES GIHON.
-
-  AND FOR SALE BY ALL BOOKSELLERS AND COUNTRY MERCHANTS
-  SOUTH AND WEST.
-
-  1850.
-
-
-
-
-PREFACE.
-
-
-In thus bringing myself before the public as an author, I offer no
-apology. I make no pretensions to literary merit. The following
-pages were written in the confusion and inconvenience of camp, with
-limited sources of information, and without any expectation of future
-publication. I offer nothing but a faithful description of my own
-feelings, and of incidents in the life of a volunteer. To such as may
-be interested in an unvarnished relation of facts, connected with the
-duties, fatigues and perils of a soldier’s life, I respectfully submit
-this volume.
-
-  B. F. SCRIBNER.
-
-  NEW ALBANY,
-  _Indiana_.
-
-
-
-
-PUBLISHERS’ NOTE.
-
-
-To the interest of a simple personal narrative, this volume adds the
-value of a faithful description of that part of a soldier’s duty in the
-camp and field, which is necessarily excluded from official accounts
-or general histories. It attracted in manuscript the attention of the
-publishers, as a work similar in spirit and purpose to Dana’s “Two
-Years before the Mast,” although necessarily less varied in incident,
-and less comprehensive in information than that very popular production.
-
-The map of the field of Buena Vista by Lieutenant Green, of the 15th
-infantry, is presented as the most accurate yet published, having been
-approved by many distinguished officers as a true representation of
-the ground, and of the relative positions of the corps of the American
-and Mexican armies, on the day of the battle. A careful examination of
-the map and references, will afford a clearer idea of the movements of
-both, and of the progress of the action, than any of the descriptions
-which have yet appeared.
-
-
-
-
-  INCIDENTS
-  OF A
-  CAMPAIGN IN MEXICO.
-
-
-_July._--We left the New Albany wharf, July 11th, 1846, at one o’clock
-A.M., and are now winding our way to New Orleans, on the noble steamer
-Uncle Sam, _en route_ to the wars in Mexico. I am wholly unable to
-describe my thoughts and emotions, at leaving my native home, with its
-endearing associations, and embarking upon a venturesome career of
-fatigue, privation, and danger. I stood upon the hurricane deck, and
-could see by the moonlight crowds of my fellow townsmen upon the bank,
-and in the intervals of the cannon’s roar, returned their encouraging
-cheers. As we glided down, the last objects that met my lingering gaze,
-were the white dresses and floating handkerchiefs of our fair friends.
-How few of us may return to receive their welcome!
-
-I am becoming more and more impressed with the aristocracy of
-office. Those who hold commissions have the best pay, the best
-fare, and all the honor. The private performs the work, endures the
-privation, and when the toils and sufferings of the campaign are over,
-forgetfulness folds him gracefully in her capacious mantle. The cabin
-has been reserved for the staff and commissioned officers, while the
-non-commissioned and privates enjoy decks the best way they can. I
-now realize that when one takes up arms voluntarily in defence of his
-country’s institutions, he forfeits his claim to gentility, thereby
-rendering himself liable to all kinds of cold, cheerless inattention.
-Under a full appreciation of this fact, one of my companions and
-myself applied to the Captain of the steamer for a cabin passage. He
-granted our request, with the Colonel’s consent, and by paying extra
-ten dollars, we were permitted to occupy the last remaining room, and
-enjoy the very great privilege of sitting at the same table with our
-titled superiors.
-
-There are five companies on board, and all appear in good spirits.
-They are following the bent of their several inclinations. At a table
-above me is a group of “Greys” busily engaged in signing resolutions
-indicative of their disapprobation of the course of Gov. Whitcomb and
-his advisers, in officering and forming our regiments. I will not here
-try to show how all our plans have been frustrated, nor speak of the
-many discouraging circumstances under which we go away; suffice to
-say, I willingly signed the resolutions, which will be sent home for
-publication. I pause to listen to a song in which Prof. Goff appears to
-lead.
-
-How pleasing are the impressions made upon the mind by a beautiful
-landscape, when advantageously seen and properly appreciated. We have
-just passed three islands lying almost side by side, thereby giving
-great width to the river. They are indeed beautiful. Viewed in the
-distance they appear like three huge tufts of grass.
-
-
-_12th._--Our noble craft is now ploughing the bosom of the “Great
-Father of Waters.” There is something truly sublime in beholding a
-mighty river moving on in its course, defying every resistance, and
-bearing silently on towards the ocean. There is a tiresomeness in the
-scenery upon the banks of this noble stream, when compared with the
-diversified character of that found upon either side of the beautiful
-Ohio.
-
-It is remarked generally by those among us, accustomed to travelling,
-that a more orderly set of men they have never seen than the volunteers
-from Indiana. The Greys attract much attention by their jokes and
-animation. They lead in the dance, and three of their number take the
-front rank in music. Goff with his guitar, Tuley with his violin,
-and Matthews with his vocal accompaniments, constitute a musical
-trio, possessing power to cheer the soldier’s saddest hour. I have
-formed quite an agreeable acquaintance with the clerks of the boat,
-who manifest much interest in my future welfare. We have just passed
-the mouth of the Arkansas river, and I do not remember to have seen
-a single farmhouse for a distance of many miles, that indicates
-competency or convenience.
-
-
-_17th._--After a most delightful trip of five days we arrived at the
-great City of the South, and are now encamped on the “Battle Ground”
-of the memorable 8th of January. We are almost deluged in water and
-mud, as it has rained almost every day since we left home. Having
-pitched our tents, several of us not particularly delighted with our
-new quarters, sought more congenial lodgings in the city, where we have
-remained ever since, but shall rendezvous and proceed to camp in the
-morning. In relation to my visit to the city, I shall not particularize
-except to say, that I delivered a letter of introduction kindly given
-me by a friend, and was joyfully recognized and received.
-
-
-_18th._--In pursuance of appointment, several of us met next morning at
-the Lower Market, negotiated with some Spaniards to take us in their
-sail-boat to the encampment, and were soon under way. Having arrived,
-we were forced to wade from the river to our tents, nearly to the knees
-in mud and water. We were truly in a sorry plight.
-
-Some of the more enterprising in camp have greatly improved their
-condition, by laying cordwood in the bottom of their tents. Our
-condition is rendered more insupportable from the fact that the
-“Barracks” are so short a distance from us, presenting so much of
-comfort. We truly envy the regulars.
-
-On the afternoon of the same day we received orders to strike tents and
-prepare for embarkation, which we joyfully obeyed. About midnight five
-companies were economically stowed under the hatches of the ship Gov.
-Davis. Our vessel, together with the Partheon, also containing Indiana
-troops, was soon towed onward to the Gulf.
-
-
-_19th._--We entered the Gulf next morning, and started upon our course
-with a fair wind, which, however, was of short duration. It soon
-commenced raining, and while I write, head winds impede our progress.
-Sea sickness and low spirits prevail. I have not yet been affected by
-the former, but am by no means realizing the pleasure trip, which some
-of my friends anticipated. If they could spend a night in the hold of
-this crowded vessel, they would not dream of citron groves or perfumed
-bowers.
-
-
-_20th._--In view of bettering my condition last night, I sought new
-lodgings by climbing up under the seat of an inverted yawl, where I
-slept, or tried to sleep; for the seat was short, narrow and hard,
-as my bones can testify. It was also dark and stormy. The wind, rain,
-thunder, lightning, and creaking of the ship, as she heaved and surged
-through the billows, filled my mind with fear and anxiety, and kept
-me the whole night clinging to my narrow perching place. The sky is
-now clear, and wind fair, and the whole face of nature changed. We
-are gracefully gliding through the white spray, as it glitters in the
-sunbeams. The gorgeously tinted clouds are reflected upon the waves, in
-all the colors of the rainbow. This is the first time I have enjoyed a
-scene at sea, or fully realized being out sight of land. The undulating
-motion of the vessel, instead of making me sick, produces real
-pleasure. How exhilarating to feel ourselves riding up, up, and down,
-down with such regularity, fanned by the breezes that whistle through
-the sails!
-
-
-_21st._--Last evening was spent in organizing a debating club from
-the soldier fragments of the Caleopean Society, together with several
-new members. Grave and powerful speeches were made, and the question
-“Should the pay of volunteers be increased?” was discussed in a
-masterly manner. Arguments on both sides were unanswerable, and
-consequently unanswered. But as the exercises were got up more for
-amusement than improvement, they closed at an early hour, with a
-musical finale by the trio performers, who, with the captain of the
-ship, and others were convened upon the quarter-deck. We then stretched
-ourselves upon the deck, where we slept undisturbed, save when in the
-way of the sailors managing the ship.
-
-This morning there appeared to be a general depression of spirits
-among the Greys. Complaints were heard from many who before had not
-been known to murmur. Our quarters between decks are truly unenviable,
-and the heat and stench almost insupportable. We had a fine treat
-to-day for dinner. The captain of the Greys had the good fortune to
-capture a young shark. It was very acceptably served up in the form of
-chowder. The wind is rather more favorable than it has yet been, but
-our progress is still slow, and it is the general opinion, it will be
-several days before we arrive at Point Isabel. Another and myself spent
-a portion of the afternoon upon the quarter deck reading plays from
-Shakspeare, after which we were all richly entertained in listening to
-the glowing descriptions of Napoleon and his marshals by Headley.
-
-
-_22d._--We have now fair wind, and are making fine speed. This morning
-the reading party was broken up by the fantastic gambols of a shoal
-of porpoises. This was quite an incident, and was hailed with much
-pleasure by the ennui-burdened passengers. At noon we found by the
-altitude, that we were but six hours’ sail from Galveston, and but
-half way to our destination. The captain says if the wind continues
-favorable, we shall, however, reach there in two days. I have felt
-gloomy and low spirited all day; owing, I suppose, to our uncomfortable
-situation.
-
-
-_23d._--This has been a miserable day. I do not think I ever spent
-one more unhappily. In fact, ever since I have been aboard this ship,
-I have had the blues most supremely. The crowd, the confusion, the
-dirt, the continual heaving of the vessel, and the dismal wo-begone
-countenances, of companions, are well calculated to fill the mind with
-reckless despondency.
-
-
-_24th._--We are now lying at anchor five miles from Brazos Santiago.
-About 8 o’clock, last night we witnessed the affecting sight of
-a burial at sea. It was indeed a thrilling scene. The moon and
-stars shone in all their brilliancy, as if indifferent to human
-woes. The body of the dead wrapped in his blanket--the soldier’s
-winding-sheet--was brought upon deck. A few words of consolation to
-friends composed the ceremony, and the body was lowered into the quiet
-deep, food for the “hyenas of the ocean.” I never shall forget the
-foreboding pause of the vessel, or the awful splash of the corpse
-as it fell into its watery grave. With sad emotions awakened in my
-bosom, I lay down upon the quarter-deck, and was ruminating upon the
-blighted hopes of this unfortunate youth, when I was aroused by an
-approaching storm. I sought shelter in the hold, but the crowd, the
-heat, the stench and the groanings of the sick, rendering it almost
-insupportable, I soon went aloft, preferring death by drowning to
-suffocation. The rain had ceased, but having lost my blanket, I was
-forced to take the wet deck and make the best of it. We shall have to
-remain on the vessel anchored in the offing, until conveyed ashore by
-steamers, to procure which the general and staff have just started in a
-long boat.
-
-It is grateful, under any circumstances, to have friends, but how much
-additional pleasure it gives to find them among strangers. To find one
-here and there, who can sympathize with us in misfortune, and feel
-interested in our welfare, when we least expect it, is calculated to
-give us better views of humanity. My thoughts were directed to this
-subject by the kindness of one of the mates of the ship. One day,
-when I was sitting in a rather musing mood, he introduced himself
-by familiarly accosting me with “Frank, how goes it?” After some
-conversation on matters of present interest, he inquired how I came
-to volunteer. I explained to him some of the causes. Among others
-I told him the “Spencer Greys” was an independent company formed
-several years ago, and chiefly composed of young men of New Albany.
-They had attracted much attention by the splendor of their uniform,
-their prompt and accurate movements in the drill, and their superior
-skill in target firing. They had won many prizes from neighboring
-companies, and thereby gained a celebrity, as possessing all the
-requisite qualifications to meet the foe, providing courage, that
-essential quality in a soldier, was not wanting. The call went forth
-for volunteers, and the inquiry was naturally made, “Where are the
-Greys?” To say nothing of the many motives that may prompt, pride to
-sustain the reputation already gained was sufficient for most of us.
-Our company was filled up, and we reported ourselves in readiness to
-the governor, and were duly accepted. Here my new friend was called
-to supper, and upon declining to accompany him, he kindly insisted I
-should receive a package of finely flavored cigars, upon which I can
-regale luxuriously.
-
-
-_25th._--We are still waiting in the most painful suspense and anxiety,
-for transportation ashore. For my own part I have made up my mind to
-bear everything like a philosopher. I entered upon this campaign,
-expecting to meet with privation and suffering; and judging from the
-past I am likely to realize my expectations. But trifling officers,
-and our very unpleasant situation on this filthy ship, are distresses
-that most of us overlooked in our calculation. Hereafter I am resolved
-to take everything easy, and complain as little as possible. Surfeited
-with bacon and hard mouldy bread, and in consideration of the frequent
-invitations from the mate to eat with him, I went to the steward, and
-negotiated for one dollar a day to take my meals at the table of the
-ship. After dinner I was beckoned to the lower cabin by my friend the
-mate, where he brought forth a rare collation, upon which we feasted
-like epicures. He opened his chest and showed me many curiosities from
-China, Java, and other foreign countries. He also furnished a list
-of clothing, handkerchiefs, paper, pencils, and lastly his hammock,
-and begged me to take freely anything that would contribute to my
-comfort, as it would give him great pleasure to share with me. I
-declined receiving anything upon the ground that I was well provided,
-and could not carry his hammock, upon the comforts of which he so fully
-expatiated. I did, however, accept a superior cedar pencil, and warmly
-thanked him for his kind offers. He tells me he is a native of Boston,
-and a brother of Thayres, who is interested in the Boston and Liverpool
-line of steamers.
-
-
-_26th._--We are spending another Lord’s day in a heathenish manner.
-There are very few among us who spend the day differently from other
-days. We have not yet heard from our officers. Most of us have ceased
-to make calculations upon the future. How strangely is man subject to
-fluctuation of feeling!--with what suddenness the mind can fly from
-pleasure to pain! Last night I realized this in its fullest sense. I
-was seated astern luxuriating under the influence of a fine cigar,
-(thanks to my new friend,) and for the first time witnessed a clear
-sunset at sea. It was one of the most glorious scenes I ever beheld.
-The whole western sky was illuminated with the most gorgeous colors.
-The refulgent sun slowly sinking into the liquid blue until nearly
-immersed, sank at once, and a dark mist shot upward in his pathway to
-the clouds, which still retained their variegated tints. The whole
-scene was sublimely beautiful, and filled me with a joyful enthusiasm.
-The sea breeze, and the graceful rocking of the ship contributed to
-the effect. At such a moment how sweet is the thought of home, and the
-pleasures we long to share with loved ones left behind! These alluring
-reflections led me at length to a vein of melancholy, and produced a
-complete reaction in my whole feelings, which harmonized well with the
-changed and threatening aspect of the gathering clouds. We have just
-been thrown into a state of intense excitement by the arrival of a
-steamer which has taken three of our companies. The rest will remain
-till morning.
-
-
-_27th._--According to arrangement, the steamer arrived this morning,
-to transport us to the island. During the bustle of transfer, we were
-attracted to the stern of the ship, where the sailors had caught a
-shark, on a hook baited with bacon. Soon a great crowd was collected,
-many climbing over the bulwarks and among the rigging to witness the
-captured fish. He was at length harpooned and shot, but was so large
-we could not conveniently bring it on board. Just as we were leaving
-the ship an affray took place between the steward and one of our men,
-which was soon participated in by the mates, and many of our party.
-Several blows passed, pistols were presented, and for a time serious
-consequences were feared, but the trouble was soon settled, when the
-mate understood the circumstances of the case. It appeared that one
-of our men and an officer claimed the same piece of ice, each one
-persisting in having bought it of the steward, to whom it was at last
-left to decide. He declared in favor of the officer and gave our man
-the lie, &c. Then came the knocks. But as I said before, everything was
-soon adjusted, and we separated with perfect good feeling. As we shoved
-off the mates and crew (steward excepted) leaned over the bulwarks, and
-gave us three hearty cheers. We landed at Brazos Santiago about noon,
-having had several hard thumps as we passed the reefs.
-
-
-_28th._--Yesterday about dark we pitched our tents, and ate our
-suppers, after which many of us proceeded to the beach, and enjoyed
-the luxury of sea-bathing. The convenience here for this refreshing
-operation cannot be surpassed. We waded out on the reefs and turning
-our faces to the shore, received the angry surges upon our backs,
-or facing them again could see one after another coming at regular
-distances, roaring like a cataract fall, and with foam and spray,
-dashing onward, like a white plumed army rushing to the charge. In
-regular succession they swept over our heads. We were all highly
-delighted with the novelty of the scene, which may be enjoyed, but not
-described. After rising this morning, the first thing was to repeat
-the exercises of last night, which greatly refreshed us, and sharpened
-our appetites for the morning meal. The scorching rays of the sun came
-down upon us “doubly distilled and highly concentrated;” the effects
-of which are, however, greatly counteracted by the sea-breeze. The
-thermometer stood yesterday at 90°.
-
-The island is about 3¹⁄₂ miles wide, and very prolific in oysters,
-clams, crabs and fish. It may be compared to a sand bar occasionally
-diversified by little mounds, which are moved about by the storms that
-visit it. I am told that not long ago several families were destroyed
-by one of these dreadful tempests. One of our officers, when walking
-along the beach the other day, unconsciously trod upon the exposed body
-of a man partially decayed, that two weeks ago was buried six feet
-in the sand. I am informed that the 1st Indiana regiment will leave
-for the Rio Grande in two days. If this be the case, our stay here
-will not be long. There are about 5000 troops here, most of whom will
-leave before us. We are in fine health and spirits, and continually
-congratulating ourselves, upon our escape from the detested ship.
-
-
-_31st._--I have spent the last two days in running about, and in
-writing letters to my friends, one of which I shall here embody in my
-journal, as it contains all that has transpired since my last date:
-
-“Having already delayed too long, in hopes of sending you some news,
-I will commence at once, as your facilities for obtaining the truth
-are not much better than mine. There are so many conflicting rumors
-continually floating about the camp, and orders arriving daily
-purporting to be from Gen. Taylor, that we are getting to believe
-nothing, and to make as few calculations upon the future as possible.
-I shall therefore send you nothing in the news line that I don’t think
-correct.
-
-“The 1st and 3d Indiana regiments left yesterday for the Rio Grande,
-the mouth of which is eight miles down the beach. From thence they will
-be taken by steamboats up the river. We expect to start on to-morrow.
-Some say we will stop at Barita, and others at the head-quarters
-opposite Matamoras.
-
-“I am sitting upon the sand and writing this, while some of the
-boys are cooking, others washing, and some enjoying the luxury of a
-sea bath, hunting shells, oysters, &c. We would all present a novel
-appearance, could you see us now. I sometimes almost lose my own
-identity. The sudden change of occupation and associations affects us
-all.
-
-“The health of the company is good, and all are making the best of
-everything. We have but two or three sick, and they are recovering,
-except one, and he is very low. He has been prevailed upon to accept
-a discharge, and will return home in the first vessel. He is a good
-fellow, and all of us regret to part with him.
-
-“General Lane has just returned from an interview with General Taylor,
-bearing orders for us to leave in the morning. Another election in our
-regiment for Colonel will take place this evening, and, if possible, I
-will send you the result.
-
-“The day before yesterday another and myself obtained permission to
-visit Point Isabel. We accordingly set out early in the morning. After
-crossing the Brazos in a sail-boat, we first visited the hospital
-containing the sick and wounded of the 8th and 9th. The rooms were
-large and airy, and everything characterized by cleanliness and order.
-It is an affecting sight for an American to behold his countrymen
-wounded in carrying out the demands of his government, to see them with
-their legs and arms blown off, rendering them ever afterwards incapable
-of enjoying active life. I was surprised and delighted with the
-patience and good humor they exhibited, and with what good feeling the
-infantry and dragoons joked and rallied each other. The first instance
-was brought about by my addressing one of them with, ‘My friend you
-do not look much like a wounded man.’ Said he, ‘I wasn’t much hurt,
-but that man sitting on my right, belongs to May’s dragoons, who have
-so immortalized themselves. He was shot all over with six pounders.’
-The one pointed out pleasantly rejoined. ‘You are jealous because we
-fought harder than you did.’ Then turning to us he continued: ‘Yes,
-the infantry got into a difficulty and cried, “come and help us;”
-that was enough, so we rode up and saved them; now they envy us our
-distinction.’ ‘No we don’t,’ replied the other, ‘no we don’t. We
-know you did all the fighting. Uncle Sam could not get along without
-you.’ ‘Do you see,’ said the dragoon, still addressing us, ‘how they
-try to take away our laurels? I will not talk with my inferiors. You
-know our privates rank with their orderly sergeants.” We then passed
-on to others, who freely answered all our questions. They are all
-convalescent with the exception of one prisoner, who was shot in both
-legs. One leg has been amputated, and it is supposed the other will
-have to be, and that he will not be able to survive the operation. From
-here we proceeded to the armory, and were shown some copper balls taken
-in the late battles. We then visited Major Ringgold’s grave. It is
-enclosed with a wooden fence, the rails of which are filled with holes,
-so as to admit musket barrels. These form the palings, the bayonets
-serving as pickets. Two boards painted black serve for tombstones.
-The newly made graves of volunteers were scattered around, with no
-names to distinguish them. Thus we realize all their day-dreams of an
-unfading name. We then retraced our steps towards the quartermaster’s
-depot, stopping at intervals to speak with the regulars, who were very
-courteous and patronizing, evidently feeling their superiority.
-
-“At the outer edge of the entrenchments, we passed by a party of
-Mexicans. We could not but exclaim, ‘Are these the people we came to
-fight against?’ You can form no idea of their wretched appearance,
-without thinking of the most abject poverty and ignorance. They had
-brought hides to sell, on carts with wooden wheels, drawn by oxen
-with a straight stick lashed to the horns for a yoke. Having arrived
-at the quartermaster’s, we were shown some pack saddles, and camp
-equipage taken in the two battles. I never was more disappointed with
-the appearance of a place than I was with Point Isabel. The government
-houses are built principally like barns with canvas roofs. There are in
-the place only three or four old Spanish huts, with thatched roofs; the
-rest are tents and canvas covered booths. Capt. Bowles has been elected
-Colonel by about 100 of a majority. We start for the mouth of the Rio
-Grande to-morrow at daylight.”
-
-
-_Aug. 1._--As I stated in the foregoing letter, W. A. Bowles of Orange
-County is now our Colonel elect, Captains Sanderson and Reauseau being
-the opposing candidates. I shall here refrain from speaking of the
-present defeat, but I am well assured that Sanderson was honestly
-elected at New Albany; and yet losing one of the company returns, was
-enough to break the election, although the clerks were willing to
-swear that Sanderson had a majority! How we have been gulled and led
-about by a set of political demagogues, who, regardless of the fearful
-responsibility, have forced themselves into positions they possess no
-qualifications to fill, with a hope thereby to promote their future
-political aggrandizement. O! shame on such patriotism!--According to
-orders early this morning, we took up the line of march for the mouth
-of the Rio Grande, stopping only to prepare to wade the lagoon. Having
-arrived, we pitched our tents to await transportation.
-
-
-_19th._--By way of relating what has transpired in the last two weeks,
-I will copy a letter to two of my relatives, containing most that I
-would have journalized.
-
-“I received your letter, and under no circumstances could it have been
-more acceptable. The company left the mouth of the Rio Grande on the
-3d inst., except one of the lieutenants and myself, who were sent
-up the day before with eight men, to guard the commissary stores. We
-arrived at this place, Camp Belknap, fourteen miles below Matamoros,
-in the night, and remained on duty in the rain and mud with no shelter
-for twenty-six hours. When the regiment arrived, we exchanged the duty
-of sentinels for that of pack horses. We carried our baggage and camp
-equipage, nearly a mile through a swamp, into the chaparel situated on
-a slight elevation or ridge. It is universally admitted that a chaparel
-cannot be described. I shall therefore attempt it no further than to
-give some of the outlines of its character.
-
-“At a short distance it is indeed beautiful, resembling a well
-cultivated young orchard. Upon a near approach we find the largest
-trees do not exceed in size the peach or plum tree. These are very
-crooked and ill-shaped, with pinnate leaves somewhat resembling the
-locust. They are called musquite trees, and are scattered about at
-irregular distances. The intervals are filled up with a kind of
-barren-looking under-growth, which meets the branches of the former.
-Prongs of this bush, with sharp steel-colored thorns, shoot out in all
-directions, commencing just above the surface of the ground. The rest
-of the chaparel is composed of all kinds of weeds, thickly interwoven
-with briars, and interspersed with large plats of prickly pear and
-other varieties of the cactus family.
-
-“I am conscious I have not done this subject justice. My powers of
-description are inadequate, and in order to have a full and clear
-conception of a chaparel, you must see and feel it too. Two days
-occupied in clearing it away, preparing for an encampment, will give
-any one a clear idea of its character. The expression so common with us,
-
-  All bushes have thorns
-  All insects have horns,
-
-is almost true without exception. Even the frogs and grasshoppers are
-in possession of the last mentioned appendages.
-
-“Our encampment is beautifully situated upon a grassy ridge, bounded
-in front by the Rio Grande, opposite Barita, and in the rear by a vast
-plain bedecked with little salt lakes. Now if you think this a romantic
-spot, or that there is poetry connected with our situation, you need
-only imagine us trudging through a swamp, lugging our mouldy crackers
-and fat bacon, (for we are truly living on the fat of the land,) to
-become convinced that this is not a visionary abode, but stern reality.
-I have yet encountered but little else than sloughs, thorns, and the
-‘rains and storms of heaven,’ and consequently have not appreciated the
-clear nights and bright skies of the ‘sunny South.’ At present we have
-finer weather, and it is said the rainy season is nearly over.
-
-“I hope that by speaking freely of things as they are, I am not
-conveying the idea that I am discontented. Notwithstanding the
-attractions of home, and the greatness of the contrast when compared
-with these scenes, I never yet have regretted the step I have taken. We
-sometimes think it hard to bear with the ignorance and inattention of
-our field officers. The badly selected ground and our frequent want of
-full rations may possibly not be attributable to their ignorance and
-neglect, but they are certainly the ones to whom we look for redress.
-Other regiments around us better officered, fare very differently. I
-visited another corps the other day, and to my surprise found that they
-had for some time been drawing an excellent article of flour, good
-pickles, and molasses. This was the first time I knew that such things
-could be obtained, except from the sutlers, who charged seventy-five
-cents per quart for the last-mentioned article.
-
-“The more I see of our boys the stronger is my impression that a better
-selection could not have been made. Our messmates are all well chosen,
-and had we no other difficulties than those incident to a soldier’s
-life, a happier set of fellows could not be found. The plans we form to
-enliven, not only succeed with ourselves, but attract other companies.
-Our quarters are frequently sought by them, to listen to our music, and
-look upon our merry moonlight dances.
-
-“I am sometimes struck with the patience and philosophy exercised, even
-while performing the humiliating drudgery of the camp. In my own case I
-do not know whether it is owing to my selection of companions or not,
-but I have never realized the exhaustion and fatigue a description of
-our manner of procuring water and provisions would indicate. I have
-just returned from one of these expeditions, and will here give you a
-faithful description of the schemes resorted to, in order to lighten
-our burdens. Another and myself set out with two iron camp-kettles
-swung upon a tent pole. Walking about half a mile up the ridge, we
-came to the crossing place--the narrowest place of the slough, which
-ebbs and flows with the tide. This is unfit to drink on account of
-possessing the essence of weeds, distilled by the combined action
-of water and sun. In this clime he trifles not, but sends his rays
-down with earnestness and energy. Well, after struggling through the
-tangled weeds with water nearly to the waist, we in due time arrived
-at the bank of the river, dipped up our water and sat down to rest.
-We found but little inconvenience in getting water from the stream,
-as it was filled to the top of its banks. The country here of late
-has been almost inundated. The oldest residents say such a flood has
-not been before for thirty years. If there is fatigue in going with
-empty buckets, you may readily conceive what is the effect of filled
-ones returning. The pole was kept continually twisting by the swinging
-motion of the kettles, it being impossible to keep them steady on
-account of the irregularities of the road. The difficulties of the
-journey were greatly augmented by the depth and tenacity of the mud,
-which kept us plunging about, and to our great consternation, causing
-us to spill the precious liquid.
-
-“From this description you may think we had a cheerless trip. It was
-not so. All was characterized by good humor. We started out crying
-the lead, ‘a quarter less twain,’ until we exhausted the vein; then
-turning military, the command was given, ‘guide right, cover your file
-leader, left, left, left,’ &c. The novelty of the scenery and _genial
-influences_ of the sun,--for I know of no other cause,--gradually
-excited our minds as we proceeded through the quiet wave, and inspired
-us to more noble and exalted demonstrations. Glory became the subject
-of our song. Touching quotations from the poets, and inflamed,
-impressive recitations, from ardent, patriotic orators and statesmen,
-were resorted to, expressive of the high aspirations with which we
-set out upon this glorious campaign. We then in lower tones spoke
-of the realization of these day-dreams. With feelings thus awakened
-we continued our wade. As we approached the land, whether it was
-owing to a sensitive feeling upon the shoulders, a general physical
-debility, the interesting associations, or the lulling murmur of the
-ripples in our wake, I pretend not to say; at any rate ‘a change came
-over the spirit of our dreams.’ Our minds reverted to the pleasing
-recollections of home. The departed shades of good dinners, and clear,
-cool refreshing drinks, rose before us, seducing our appetites from
-coarser fare. Thus ended our trip, which, from our own reflections, and
-the ludicrous contrasts of the present with the past, wound up with the
-heartiest merriment. Safely landed, we drained our boots and proceeded
-to tent No. 1., where the water was received by our thirsty messmates
-with countenances expressive of joy and satisfaction.
-
-“The day before yesterday we lost one of our comrades, John Lewis, who
-died from the effects of measles. Not one, to my knowledge, taken down
-here with this disease has ever recovered. He was the second in size in
-the company, and possessed a powerful frame and a strong constitution.
-We gave him a soldier’s burial. We have obtained discharges for all our
-sick who are dangerously ill. There is but a small chance for recovery
-here. The disease may be partially overcome, but to regain strength,
-when but little reduced, is almost impossible. I don’t wonder that our
-hospitals are full when I think of that dreadful slough. For my own
-part I was never blessed with better health. Ever since we landed at
-Brazos, I have not in a single instance failed to report myself fit
-for duty, at roll call every morning. None have escaped better. The
-boys say I look so much like a Mexican in complexion, you would hardly
-recognize me. I cannot say much about my face, as I seldom get a sight
-of it, but my hands look very much the color of a new saddle. You would
-be surprised to see the bronzing effect of the sun upon our finger
-nails. This climate suits my constitution admirably, you therefore need
-give yourselves no uneasiness about my health.
-
-“I do think I never had anything diffuse joy more suddenly through my
-heart, than did the arrival of your letter. I had just returned from
-wading the slough, loaded with provisions, as the company was going out
-on four o’clock drill. I was wet to the waist, and worn out by heat and
-over exercise. I perceived one of the lieutenants beckoning to me with
-a paper in his hand. As soon as he attracted my attention, he threw it
-on the ground, and hastened to join the company, which was marching to
-the parade ground. I seized it, and without changing my clothes read it
-over, and over again. It was soon spread among my friends, that I had
-received a letter, and congratulations from all were showered upon me.
-I read the expression, ‘Home; that word is dearer to you than ever,’
-which met with a hearty response.
-
-“The camp is continually agitated by rumors brought in by our scouting
-parties. The other day the regiment was ordered out, our effective
-force computed, and ammunition distributed, on account of one of these
-reports.
-
-“You say you often wonder what I am doing. I will give you our daily
-order of exercises. We are aroused at daylight by the reveille, and
-have a company or squad drill for two hours; after which eight men and
-a sergeant, or corporal, are detailed for guard. Company drill again
-at four o’clock and regimental at five. The intervals are filled up
-in getting wood, water and provisions, cooking and washing. Hunting
-parties go out sometimes and kill fowls, cattle, wolves and snakes. One
-day last week mess No. 14 served up for dinner a rattlesnake seven feet
-long. There are many things I should like to write, but having already
-spun this letter to an outlandish length, I conclude by thanking you
-for the attention and consolation you have given my dear mother. The
-affectionate regards of my brothers greatly encourage me. I am writing
-this lying on the ground, with my paper on my blanket, and with noise
-and confusion around.”
-
-
-_31st._--If our spirits are depressed, and loneliness and ennui pervade
-our feelings, when in good health, how much greater must be the
-discontent and gloom that weigh upon us when sick? Nothing could be
-more unenviable than my situation for the last two days. Last Thursday
-we moved our encampment about a mile further down the river, below
-the slough, upon the ground formerly occupied by the 2d regiment from
-Kentucky. The heat, rain, violent exertions and other causes combined,
-have brought upon me the prevailing disease of the season. I have
-suffered from accompanying headaches and fever. My condition has been
-much ameliorated by the kind attentions of officers and men. These
-examples of generosity are teaching me gratitude, but I place myself
-under obligation as little as possible.
-
-If any one should wish to fully appreciate home with its endearing
-associations, let him imagine himself a sick soldier, with his body
-protected from the ground only by the thickness of his blanket, a coat
-or knapsack for a pillow, and the hot scorching sun beating through
-his crowded tent. And in the intervals of a burning fever, should his
-aching bones find repose in sleep, and in dreams
-
-  “Friends and objects loved
-  Before the mind appear,”
-
-yet how fleeting are all earthly joys! The company on the right must
-be drilled. He dreams again. He meets in fond embrace the object of
-his purest affections, and is about to snatch a warm kiss of welcome.
-That detested drum. Complain not. The sentinels must be relieved. I can
-write no more now. My head grows dizzy.
-
-
-_September 2d._--Last night the whole encampment was thrown into the
-most intense excitement, by a row which broke out between two companies
-of Georgia troops, who were embarking on the steamer Corvette for
-Camargo. The combatants were principally Irish, and fought with their
-characteristic determination. Although we were some distance from the
-river, we could hear distinctly the blows, and demoniacal yells of
-the rioters, which were truly appalling. The conflict continued for
-two hours, during which several were killed, and wounded, and quite a
-number terribly bruised, and others were knocked overboard and perhaps
-drowned. Colonel Baker, of the 4th Illinois regiment, marched on board
-with twelve men, and demanded peace. He was himself attacked by four
-men with bayonets, which he warded off with his scabbard, at the same
-time defending himself with his sword, from the attack of the Irish
-captain, and succeeded in disabling him, by thrusting his sword into
-his mouth, and cutting open the whole side of his cheek. A savage
-yell was immediately heard from the mob, and the report of a pistol,
-which was aimed at the brave colonel’s head. He fell badly wounded,
-the ball entering the back of his neck, and coming out of his mouth.
-Then came the cry, “Help, your colonel is shot,--they have killed
-Colonel Baker.” This was too much, and we made a simultaneous rush
-for our arms. Colonel Bowles ordered out five companies, the Greys
-among the number,--and in five minutes we had a line formed around the
-boat, and the riot quelled, before the Illinois regiment had arrived.
-The exposure of last night has quite laid me up to-day, although the
-captain of the guard called me from the ranks, and sent me to my
-quarters long before morning.
-
-This has been a solemn day. We had two burials, and it is thought
-Colonel Baker will not recover. The whole day has been occupied in the
-court martial, which has resulted in sending the officers engaged in
-the riot, under arrest, to General Taylor, who is now at Camargo.
-
-
-_7th._--I am as well as ever again, and on duty. The regiment has just
-been mustered by Captain Churchill, for two months’ pay. I have been
-gloomy and low-spirited all day. When I reflect upon my situation here
-in contrast with that at home, I can hardly realize that I am the same
-person. Everything appears like a dream, and I almost believe I am
-acting a part in which my own character is not represented. I am thrown
-among the temptations of camp, but do not think the effect will be
-demoralizing, or its impressions lasting. The more I see of vice and
-dissipation, the firmer I believe a moral and virtuous life constitutes
-the only sure guarantee of happiness. If permitted to return home, I
-shall better appreciate its blessings, be a better friend, a kinder
-brother and a more dutiful son. The more I know of the world, the
-higher value I set upon friends. Oh! how sweet to enjoy their society,
-and feel the capacities of the affections filled with congenial
-objects! Here I have nothing to love, no one who knows my heart, or
-understands my feelings. When I recall the impressions of mind under
-which I volunteered, I have a presentiment that an unhappy fate awaits
-me. I doubt whether a warm heart or a flowing soul is a source of more
-pleasure than pain to its possessor. * * * *
-
-
-_14th._--Two others and myself have just returned from a visit to
-Matamoros. Three or four days since we left the camp in company with
-several of the officers, on board the steamer Whiteville. They were
-going to draw pay. The captain of the boat was quite disconcerted to
-see so many of us (nearly twenty in all), coming on board. Having got
-under way he still insisted he could not accommodate us; that he had
-no right to stop for us, and that our orders from the quartermaster
-were nothing to him. After much debate in relation to provisions,
-starvation, &c., we settled down, and made up our minds for the worst,
-which was bad enough, to say the least. The boat lay-to at night on
-account of fog and the serpentine windings of the river. We stopped
-twice to wood on the way. The ranchos along the banks are principally
-owned by the rich, who live in the cities. General Arista’s crossing
-was the first place we stopped. There are here about half a dozen
-thatched huts, and about twenty “peons” employed in cutting wood, and
-hauling it on carts with wooden wheels. Quite a number of us went
-ashore and distributed ourselves among them. I went to the farthest
-hut, where I was greatly amused by the little urchins. They were
-running around the yard perfectly naked, notwithstanding the rain was
-pouring down in torrents. I approached the house which contained one
-man, two women and three or four children. They all arose, and made
-the kindest demonstrations for me to enter. I declined, at the same
-time pointing to my muddy feet. They signified “never mind the mud,”
-and I walked in and seated myself upon a bench. One of the females
-furnished me with a cushion to sit upon, covered with cloth of their
-own weaving, which was fringed and ornamented with the brightest and
-most showy of colors. We could understand each other very well upon
-some subjects, such as the various articles of clothing, and the
-prices of the different materials. Everything in the room was of the
-roughest construction. The fire was placed at one end of the room upon
-a floor, which was of the most primitive order. An aperture in the
-roof served for a chimney, which but partially performed the agency.
-They were destitute of chairs and bedsteads. Hides spread upon the
-ground constituted their beds, an arrangement admirably adapted to
-prevent injury upon the heads of children, caused by falling during
-the dreamy hours of sleep. I was greatly pleased with the two women,
-and with one especially. She appeared to belong to a higher station.
-She was apparently about twenty-one, and looked very differently from
-any of the sex I had yet seen in that region. Her forehead was high
-and intellectual, her countenance was animated and intelligent. In
-her ears were large golden pendants, which contrasted strangely with
-the rude furniture around. Her beautifully delicate hand did honor
-to the glittering jewels encircling her tapering fingers, which were
-gracefully entwining the hair of her companion seated by her side.
-Perhaps my preference for one was induced by the approving glances from
-her “large, dark, eloquent eyes.” She had smoothed for me the cushion,
-and flattered me with her looks, and I being in a frame of mind
-rather susceptible to kind attentions, my vanity was very naturally
-somewhat excited. They were both attired in the simplest manner. A
-white chemise, and skirt girded around the waist with a yellow silk
-sash comprised the whole arrangement. Their small beautiful feet were
-not cramped in stockings or shoes, or their ankles hid with a skirt
-too long. Their bosoms were not compressed in stays, or mantled in
-cashmeres, but heaved freely under the healthful influences of the
-genial sun and balmy air of the sunny south. I approached the mat where
-they were sitting, and took the hand of a little girl, and touching
-the shoulders of my favorite, I pointed to the child and asked if it
-was hers. She shook her head, and looked intelligibly towards her
-companion. I then took up the child in my arms and pointed to the
-“States,” as if I would take it home with me. They both snatched the
-child with great fondness, exclaiming “no, no, no,” to the infinite
-amusement of the men who came around me, making every demonstration of
-gratification and good will. At this interesting crisis the steamboat
-bell summoned me, and by running at full speed I arrived just in time,
-while one of the party less fortunate was left behind. He was greatly
-frightened, and plead earnestly, but his supplications were in vain.
-The captain said he could walk across the country, and get to Matamoros
-before we would. I would almost willingly have exchanged situations
-with him.
-
-We at length arrived at Matamoros, having been in sight of the town for
-five hours before we landed. The river is so crooked that there are
-landings on different sides of the city. We registered our names at the
-Exchange Hotel. This is a two story brick building with a flat roof,
-and an open court in the centre. It was formerly the Mexican custom
-house. Our sleeping room was the one through which two cannon balls had
-passed, during the bombardment from Fort Brown. The next morning we
-rose early and visited the market. The building is about twenty-five
-feet high, supported by columns and arches. The whole interior is
-divided into stalls, where can be bought meats of all kinds. The
-outside is reserved for vegetables and varieties, sold from mats spread
-upon the ground, by women with half-clothed figures, and disheveled
-hair, presenting an appearance uncouth and repulsive. Bread, milk, pies
-and hot coffee are sold in large quantities.
-
-I was surprised to find so many Mexicans still residing in the city.
-And was still more surprised to find the alcalde and police officers
-performing their respective duties, and all the municipal laws enforced
-as formerly. The alcalde, however, receives instruction from Colonel
-Clark.
-
-The dress most common for the women I have already described; I will,
-however, mention that they never wear bonnets, but throw a scarf
-ingeniously over the head and shoulders. The young men dress with
-much taste and neatness, and most of them possess fine figures. They
-generally appear in white, and instead of suspenders they wear around
-the waist sashes of various colors. The bottoms of their pants are of
-enormous width. Some, more showy than the rest, wear blue over the
-white, with the outer seam left open to the hips, and buttons down
-the side. The hat, which is made of straw or wool, and often covered
-with oil-cloth, has its peculiarities. On each side and about three
-inches from the top, are fixed little silver knobs in oval plates.
-The bands are often made of gold or silver. My thoughts and feelings
-while passing through the streets, were in keeping with the novelty of
-my situation. Suddenly thrown into a foreign city, where everything
-presented an appearance so dissimilar to anything I had ever seen, I
-was constantly surprised into expressions of wonder and curiosity. The
-side walks are so narrow but two persons can walk abreast. The houses
-on the principal streets are built generally of brick, with flat roofs,
-brick floors in the first story, and open court yards in the centre.
-Those in the less frequented parts of the city, are made of slabs and
-stakes driven into the ground, the intervals filled with mud and straw,
-and thatched with palmito.
-
-One of the most distinguishing characteristics of this people is their
-insatiate thirst for gaming. It amounts almost to monomania. Play
-seems to be the sole occupation of a large portion in this place.
-Crowds of both sexes may be seen at almost any time in the streets,
-and on the banks of the river, betting on their universally favorite
-game “monte.” The hotels, restaurants and coffee-houses are infested
-with gamblers from all nations. Those boarding at the Exchange follow
-their respective games, with all the dignity that characterizes
-the professor of law or medicine. Many of them are very showy in
-their appearance, courteous in their manner, and agreeable in their
-intercourse. To the volunteers, they are attentive and obliging, always
-ready to give them any information or advice, and ever ready to rid
-them of any extra dimes they may wish to hazard upon their games. It
-would doubtless surprise any of our good merchants at home, to witness
-the unceremonious rancheros entering their stores, leading in their
-favorite mustangs after them,--a general practice here. But it is time
-I should close this prosy description. It would be an endless task,
-should I attempt to relate all I saw and heard in the church, in the
-hospitals, and especially the never-to-be-forgotten incidents on the
-lower plaza, and at the fandango.
-
-Just before we unexpectedly embarked for the camp, our attention
-was attracted by music, and a crowd, following a company of rope
-dancers. We were informed that they came in every Sunday afternoon,
-and performed at three o’clock. The party consisted of three men and
-one woman on horseback. They were gaudily dressed, very much after
-the manner of our circus riders, but, if possible, more grotesque
-and showy. The music consisted of a clarinet, a drum and a kind of
-ophicleide painted green and red. The pompous cavalcade, supported by
-the motley crew of men, women and children, making every gesticulation
-of delight, presented truly a rich and ludicrous scene. About this
-time the steamer Corvette rounded to with a load of sick volunteers
-from Camargo, for the general hospital, and as we expected to leave
-immediately, we hastened on board.
-
-I never in my life regretted so much to leave any place after so short
-an acquaintance. I was just becoming familiar with the city, and the
-next night promised much. That by the way. I went on board without a
-murmur, and was soon on my way to the camp.
-
-
-_20th._--This day has opened upon me fraught with new cares and
-responsibilities. This is my twenty-first birth-day. My country can
-now fairly claim my influence in sustaining her laws, and supporting
-her institutions. When an American youth enters upon the stage of
-political life, he should endeavor fully to comprehend the genius
-of its government, and the high and glorious privileges it imparts.
-His freedom of thought and right of suffrage place him far above, in
-point of privilege, any other people, and secure to him blessings not
-enjoyed by any other nation under heaven. In view of the inestimable
-rights he enjoys, how great are his obligations! How carefully should
-he endeavor to avoid party influences; and remain firm in noble
-principles, in spite of the deluding sophistry of heartless demagogues.
-As he approaches the ballot-box, that sacred guarantee of liberty
-when unabused, let him pause and reflect whether he is acting from
-impulse or the dictates of reason. I am now twenty-one! We all look
-forward with interest to the period! We expect, and we anticipate,
-and how often, during the flow of buoyant thought, we map out the way
-to future greatness. My feelings are so fluctuating, my anticipations
-so frequently unrealized, that no result can be very unexpected. From
-this candid and free expression of my feelings, I do not wish to convey
-the idea that I am disposed to find fault with the world, or with
-the organization of society, but only to indicate more clearly the
-constitution of my mind with native sources of unhappiness.
-
-In looking back over a few years in which I have mingled some in
-society, I cannot say I have derived no pleasures from the past, that
-I have seen no bright spots, or enjoyed no valued objects. It would be
-base ingratitude were I to disclaim participation in some delightful
-scenes where sympathy and affection warmed kindred hearts. Was this
-more than balanced by painful reaction?
-
-The frequent brooding upon saddening subjects, pride, and, I may add,
-a sprinkling of patriotism, will, to some extent, account for this day
-finding me a soldier upon the borders of Mexico. It is time I should
-leave this subject. I drop it at once to recount some of the events of
-the day.
-
-Yesterday we were visited by a strong north-wester, so common to the
-season in this latitude. It blew so hard that the water from the Gulf
-was driven up into the sloughs, causing a swelling from the little salt
-lakes of which I have before spoken; but to-day we have a clear sky and
-a calm breeze. After breakfast this morning, I went to the sutlers,
-and bought a large box of sardines and some claret, as a little treat
-for the mess. Our captain and lieutenants were invited to partake, and
-toasting my birth-day, they all wished me success. I spent the night
-until tattoo, in writing these random reflections, and in thinking what
-a contrast the associations of to-day will present, when compared with
-three preceding anniversaries of my birth-day.
-
-
-_October 5th._--For the last two weeks nothing has transpired worthy
-of note. The time drags heavily when waiting for orders.--Col. Lane’s
-regiment has moved up to Palo Alto, seven miles from Matamoros. General
-Lane still drills our regiment, as our colonels are both sick, and one
-gone home. Yesterday I wrote a letter, and will copy it in part.
-
-“* * * * * It is Sunday evening, and just about the time you are
-returning from church in the afternoon. I fancy I can see the friends
-convened in your front room. I often think of your parlor. At this time
-what a different scene our camp presents from that of the drawing-room!
-Instead of handling gloves, fans, or parasols, our boys are engaged
-in brightening their arms and equipments, to surprise the regiment
-this evening on dress parade. I am sitting in tent No. 1, and writing
-this epistle upon a box that some of the boys have picked up at the
-commissary’s. While speaking of the mess I will pronounce a short
-eulogium. It is the only one, with perhaps one exception, that has
-undergone no changes since we left home. We have had no difficulties,
-but have lived together in uninterrupted harmony. We now number six,
-one of our mess having been discharged. What a place this for the
-study of human nature! Points of character that at home lie concealed
-from every one, are here developing every day, and consequently much
-change of opinion in relation to character. Even one’s own self changes
-views respecting one’s self, in regard to the natural disposition,
-motives, and impulses of action. The more I see of a soldier’s life,
-the stronger is my conviction that there are worse evils to be feared
-than those of the battle field. A retrograde in morals or a total loss
-of moral principle, is incalculably worse. Take young men, who, from
-their position in society at home, are excluded from the haunts of
-strong temptations and the greater vices, and for the most part you
-will find them moral from habit, rather than fixed principles, and a
-clear discrimination between right and wrong. O! how many such will be
-wrecked and ruined in this campaign!
-
-“I am daily realizing the force of that old adage, ‘we know not what
-we can do until we try.’ If any one had told me only a few months
-ago, that I could with impunity, sleep upon the ground in the open
-air, and rise at reveille in the morning, and drill two hours before
-breakfast, I should certainly have been at a loss to know of what
-kind of materials he thought I was made. Yet these I do almost every
-day, and so accustomed am I to a soldier’s couch, I seldom think of a
-softer bed. Then, there is poetry in reposing under the direct gaze of
-the moon and stars, which, like guardian angels, superintend, while
-the watchful sentinel guards around. _Apropos_: we do have some of
-the finest nights you ever witnessed. The moonlight is so clear and
-bright, we easily see to read by it. And then what a range for the
-imagination. How plainly do happy meetings, delightful visions of love
-and sympathy, rise before us. Under such pleasing emotions we sink into
-the most refreshing slumbers, which are only disturbed by the _musical
-mosquitoes_ or _industrious ants_. I close this epistle. The drum calls
-to parade.”
-
-
-_31st._--The only apology I offer for such a distance between dates,
-is the absence of anything worthy of relation. I have occupied a part
-of the interim in writing letters, and as they contain the little of
-incident transpiring, I will copy another in part.
-
-“As a good opportunity presents itself to send you a few lines, I will
-avail myself of it, although it is very disagreeable to write with a
-strong northerly sweeping over, blowing sand and dirt in the eyes, and
-covering the paper. I received your last letter, and I assure you it
-gave me great pleasure to hear you were well, and partially resigned
-to our separation. I waited for it so long, I had become used to
-disappointment, and thought myself partially hardened and indifferent,
-but it has awakened anew all my anxieties. How lonely and melancholy
-it makes me feel to see others around reading epistles from their
-friends, while I am apparently forgotten and uncared for. Indeed, these
-reflections are sources of much unhappiness. Do not think from these
-expressions, that our condition is worse than previously. It is greatly
-improved since the many unfavorable accounts you have heard from us.
-There is not now one among us confined to his tent, and everything
-goes on as well as a soldier could expect. My brothers can form no
-idea of the encouragement and gratification they afforded me by their
-assurances of interest and regard. I can conceive of no incentive to
-action greater than to gain their affection and approbation. Assure
-them of my kind remembrances. I feel this separation will only tend to
-bind us closer together, if we are ever permitted to meet again.
-
-“As the armistice has not yet expired, I cannot with certainty inform
-you of our future movements. If the war continues, we expect to move
-towards Tampico, where we expect active service, a glorious end or a
-wreath of laurels. General Patterson deems it no mark of disrespect to
-the Indiana troops, that they have not been pushed forward, nor will it
-affect our reputation. Our hospital has recently been greatly enlarged
-and improved. Our stock of medicines is very low, but fortunately the
-camp was never in a healthier condition. Cease your care for me and
-bestow your sympathy upon a needier object. The sick soldier with a
-hard bed and burning fever, has a stronger claim upon you. Forget him
-not.
-
-“I commenced this letter intending to send it immediately, but shall
-not be able to do so for a week or two.”
-
-
-_10th._--I transcribe here a fragment of a letter to my sister
-“----. I do think you have used me shamefully, by not noticing one
-of my letters, and I have a great mind to fill this whole sheet with
-scoldings. I left home as you know, with but few associates. I have no
-friends of my own age with you, that I have any claims upon, or from
-whom I have a right to expect any favors. But from you I expected much,
-or at least I felt assured you would not forget me. How much I have
-been disappointed, you yourself can judge. Your inattention becomes
-more unpardonable, when I think of the many subjects of interest you
-have to write about. If you would just give a list of the friends
-who have called upon you, within the last week, or fill a page with
-the innocent sayings of the little ones, it would be hailed by me as
-a God-send in this dreary place. I am beginning to feel quite like
-an old soldier, and ‘forward, march, guide left,’ and other phrases
-of the drill are becoming as familiar as if I had spent years in the
-service. We have had quite an excitement in relation to moving, for the
-last two weeks. General Lane has received orders to hold this regiment
-ready to march at an hour’s notice. Ever since he has drilled it twice
-a day. The Tampico fever and rage for Monterey have abated, but still
-the general keeps up his two drills a day. The paymaster was here last
-week, and paid off all save three companies,--ours one of them. The
-money gave out. The health of the company is better than ever, and we
-do have some of the greatest jollifications you ever heard of. We get
-a couple of violins, and do up dancing to their music _à la Mexicana_.
-You would deem it a rich treat to hear the promptings, and attempts at
-Spanish, which some of the boys have picked up in the neighborhood,
-at the various fandangos. We sometimes have half the regiment about
-our quarters. The captain’s marque, like his shop door at home, is the
-emporium of anecdote and humor.
-
-
-“_15th._--Lieutenant Cayce has just arrived from among you, and has
-enriched us all. How shall I express my gratitude, for the kind favors
-you have shown me? The shirts from my dear mother came just in time.
-And although the expression of Falstaff,--‘I have but a shirt and half
-to all my company; and the half shirt is two napkins tacked together,’
-was not true of us generally, yet I assure you my under ‘tunic’
-answered mighty well to the half shirt. Your letter, and those of other
-friends are thankfully received. This has been a happy day to us all,
-notwithstanding the north-wester. I now take a hasty leave. The bearer
-waits for this.”
-
-
-_21st._--For the last two days we have all been busily engaged in
-preparing for, and in celebrating the fourth anniversary of the
-Spencer Greys, which came off yesterday in fine style. Our arms and
-equipments were all polished and whitened, in the best manner our
-limited conveniences would allow. Our fatigue dresses were not so showy
-as our handsome uniforms at home, yet we made an imposing appearance,
-and attracted much attention, while performing some maneuvers of the
-fancy drill, upon our parade ground. One of the paymasters said it was
-the finest display he had seen on the Rio Grande. I am told that our
-general, in a burst of admiration, said, “I would rather command a
-regiment of such boys than be the president.” In fact we did ourselves
-great credit both in the field, and target firing. Above all the rest
-our beautiful flag was universally admired.
-
-It was a fine day, and everything appeared to good advantage. The
-sun once more shone forth with all his refulgence, which contrasted
-happily with the cold and dreary weather of the three or four previous
-days, during which a strong norther was sweeping over us, blowing down
-tents and covering everything with sand. But our birth-day anniversary
-was ushered in with an unclouded sky, and a complete change in the
-whole face of nature. The whole day proved an auspicious one, as the
-paymaster arrived and forked over our seven dollars a month. At night
-music and dancing were the order of exercises until tattoo, after
-which I took the arm of a messmate and strolled out upon the bank of
-the river, where we called up to our minds images of the past, spoke
-of home, and drew many interesting contrasts. The pleasures of memory,
-how varied they are! How inestimable are the faculties by which we
-can enjoy again, former pleasures, and happy unions of the past! I
-sometimes think that pleasures retrospective are purer than those of
-anticipation or realization. “How grand is the power of thought! My
-God! how great it is.” These reflections and our mutual interchanges
-of sentiment were at length interrupted by the sound of a guitar,
-which emanated from the sutler’s tent, to which we at once proceeded,
-and found quite a number of officers, listening to the laudable
-performances of our musical trio. We remained by invitation, until the
-party broke up, then returned to our quarters.
-
-
-“_23d._--Dear M ---- I have just returned from a visit to Point Isabel
-after letters. Most of the boys were paid for their pains, except
-myself. It is an anomaly to me that others around me are continually
-receiving epistles from their friends, while I am generally doomed to
-disappointment. The party consisted of five. After walking sixteen
-miles, we arrived at Brazos Santiago, where we were struck with
-the change everything presented. It appeared more like the levee at
-New Orleans, than the desert island on which we first encamped. The
-government has about one hundred and fifty teamsters and laborers
-employed, and whole acres are covered with baggage wagons and army
-stores. The harbor is filled with hundreds of vessels. Having
-regaled ourselves with a dish of oysters and clams, we took a boat
-and sailed to the point. We registered our names at the “Palo Alto
-House,”--repaired to the post office, and performed various errands
-for the boys. The next morning we witnessed the thrilling spectacle of
-the disinterment of the remains of Major Ringgold, for the Baltimore
-committee. The coffin was escorted to the quartermaster’s depot, by a
-company of regulars. Others formed a procession in the rear, and all
-marched to the tune of “Adeste Fideles,” accompanied by the roaring of
-one eighteen pounder. Having arrived at the destined place, the body
-was removed to a leaden coffin. It was so decayed we could form no
-idea of its form or features. After dinner we returned to the Brazos,
-and put up at the Greenwood Hotel. During the night there came up a
-tremendous storm, which swept over the island driving everything before
-it. It was quite amusing to see the barrels and hats, bounding before
-the gale. Even part of an old steamboat chimney was started, and rolled
-before the wind, faster than a horse could gallop, and was thus driven
-as far as the eye could see on the other side into the gulf. A bet was
-made upon the comparative speed of the barrel, hat and chimney--the
-hat won. Having finished our suppers, we repaired to the theatre. The
-Young Widow and Irish Tutor, composed the exercises of the evening,
-interspersed with songs and dances. Two or three of the characters
-were tolerably well sustained, and one of the mess remarked, ‘It is
-as good a theatre as I want to go to.’ The storm continued during the
-performances with redoubled fury, and the tide coming up between us and
-our lodgings, we were forced to wade it against wind and sand, which
-lashed our faces unmercifully. The next morning we started for the
-camp, stopping by the way to pick up shells, which I will send you the
-first opportunity. The Tampico fever rages higher than ever, and our
-general is of the impression, we will not be here six days hence. * *
-* * * Messes No. 1 and 13 have this day united into one. We now think
-we are the _greatest mess alive_. Every one possesses some peculiarity
-of taste and disposition, that affords fun for the rest. Every meal is
-attended with the life and jollity of a public dinner.” * * * *
-
-
-“_22d._--Dear Mother. The letter and clothing you sent me were
-gratefully received. You can form some idea of my health, when I tell
-you the shirts would not button at the neck by two inches, nor at
-the wrist without an effort. In the pants the boys say I look like a
-‘stuffed paddy.’ Nevertheless they all answer the purpose.
-
-This has been quite an eventful day. In consideration of having no
-extra dinner on the day of our celebration, and this being the birthday
-of two of our boys, the combined efforts of messes 1 and 13, were
-brought to bear upon the preparation of a sumptuous dinner for the
-company. Guests were invited, among whom were many officers of the
-brigade and regiment. Everything was got up in a style truly rich
-and rare. Cooking was done in a manner unsurpassable. Roast beef,
-fish, potatoes, peach pies and pound cake without eggs, constituted
-the principal dishes. Cigars and claret, were the accompaniments.
-Managers, cooks and waiters, all performed in their happiest way, in
-their appropriate departments, and our guests congratulated us upon the
-entire success of our efforts.” * * *
-
-
-_December 5th._--We all thought yesterday, that last night would close
-our stay in camp Belknap, as we had received orders to embark on the
-first boat, for Camargo, and thence to Monterey. The joyous excitement
-this news diffused among us, surpasses any description I can give.
-In our company the whole night was spent in music and dancing. Our
-musicians acquitted themselves ably. Our captain and others joined in
-our merriment. I was on duty as corporal of the police, and as the
-officer of the day only ordered me to suppress all riots, and see that
-the lights were put out at tattoo, I did not think dancing included, so
-I joined in the festivities with an ardor that has rendered me to-day
-almost unable to walk, and my head aches as if it would split. “Those
-who dance must pay the fiddler.” We have just removed to the river,
-where we will await conveyance.
-
-
-_7th._--Night before last seven companies of the regiment embarked for
-Camargo, leaving the two rifle companies and Spencer Greys for the
-next boat. We are detained in consequence of the captain refusing to
-go on the steamer Enterprise, as it is too small to be safe for three
-companies. So the Lanesville Legion took our place, it being a smaller
-company. We expected to start next morning, but have been disappointed.
-
-Last night we were thrown into great excitement by the alarm of an
-attack from the enemy. Just before dark the general and others thought
-they heard sounds of a bugle, in the chaparel on the Mexican side of
-the river, supposing them to proceed from the enemy. In consideration
-of our exposed position,--there being only one hundred and fifty of
-us, with but little ammunition, it was thought prudent to station a
-picket around the camp. The three companies were ordered out, and four
-cartridges apiece distributed, then marched up to be reviewed by the
-general. He told us what he had heard, and other causes which made
-our position a dangerous one. He urged the necessity of watchfulness,
-saying that we would never have so good an opportunity of showing
-what we were made of. Many other things he said, calculated to excite
-our attention, then dismissed us charging us to lay near our arms,
-and not be taken by surprise. We returned to our tents, and arranged
-everything, and lying as directed upon our arms, we made up our minds
-to do our best, if we were disturbed before morning. About two hours
-after midnight, we were suddenly aroused by a discharge of musketry
-from our outpost, and the cry, “to arms, to arms.” In ten minutes the
-whole three companies were at the general’s quarters.
-
-I think I know now the feeling one experiences while going into
-battle. My emotions this night I never shall forget. When first
-aroused I seized my musket and equipments, and rushed from the tent in
-the greatest excitement. The firing from the pickets, the universal
-rushing, hurry and confusion, the impatient cries of, “make haste, men;
-fall in,” etc., made me so nervous that doubtless for a few minutes, my
-words were unintelligible. After a short period of agitation everything
-was ready. As we were marching out to take our position, it seemed
-that this would be a wonderful night in my earthly career, and my fate
-was to be decided by my success in the coming conflict. I said within,
-be calm and do your duty. I aroused all my energy and decision of
-character. I then moved with an unwavering step, and would have given
-all my possessions to come in contact with the foe. Our men never
-marched better, dressing to the guide as it was shifted, with as much
-calmness as when on ordinary drill.
-
-Having formed our line in front of a dense chaparel, a party was sent
-out to reconnoitre. Here I had a presentiment that the enemy would not
-meet us; that this was not the night for our military laurels to be
-secured. Had we met the enemy in the field of battle; had we gained
-victory amidst adverse circumstances, how gratifying to ambitious
-desire that friends should read eloquent descriptions of our deeds of
-chivalry. Great was our anxiety while waiting for the return of the
-detachment.
-
-At length the party came; they reported to the general; the general
-addressed us in complimentary terms, expressing his unlimited
-confidence in our fidelity and courage. He dismissed us saying our only
-enemies here, the wolves, had retired to the chaparel. We returned to
-our tents crest-fallen, very few having a disposition to joke or laugh
-over this evening’s adventure.
-
-
-_10th._--At last we have departed from camp Belknap. The place that a
-few months ago contained 8000 souls, is now without an inhabitant. I
-left this beautiful spot with mingled emotions of pain and pleasure.
-Here we had light duties, we had opportunities to hear from home, and
-other sources of comfort. On these accounts I confess I left camp
-Belknap with regret. But on the other hand it could be no longer said,
-they still remain away from active duties and scenes of glory. I
-thought of the upper camp and wonders in other lands. On these accounts
-I left our old encampment with feelings of delight.
-
-We transported ourselves, our camps and equipments to the river bank;
-but how heavily many an hour passed away before the arrival of a
-steamboat. We several times laid in provisions and cooked them for the
-trip, and several times we eat up our provisions before we started on
-our trip. It is said man is a poor economist in domestic matters, and
-indeed our conduct on this occasion seemed to prove it.
-
-Well, at last we are on board the steamboat Whiteville, the same upon
-which many of us went some time ago to Matamoros. Before its arrival
-the three captains drew lots for choice of quarters. Our captain was
-successful, and he selected the boiler deck. But the captain of the
-steamboat refused to let us occupy the place specified. His plea was
-“’Tis unsafe, the boat rolls so.” Accordingly all three companies were
-stowed away amidst the filth, noise and confusion of the engine room.
-O! ’tis revolting to the feelings of one accustomed to the decency
-and luxuries of civilized life, to be herded together like cattle in
-some dirty little enclosure, and there treated with the hauteur and
-chilling neglect of the most abject slaves. How the hot blood mantles
-my cheek when I look at our situation. “The boat rolls so!” A fine
-excuse truly! Other boats of no greater strength carry troops upon
-the boiler deck; yet _this_ hireling says, _we_ “have no more right
-there than his _firemen_.” Behold the sacrifices of the soldier! He
-forfeits his self-respect, his sense of right and wrong, his liberty of
-speech, his freedom of action, and his rank in society. All this for
-the public good, and what is his reward? Why, _one_ ration a day, and
-_seven_ dollars a month, the cold indifference of the hireling citizen,
-and of the avaricious or ambitious officer, holding in his hand the
-regulations of the Army. How many such officers when at home, in
-newspaper articles or public orations, give vent to fires of eloquence
-and of patriotism. They would shed the _last_ drop of blood for their
-_dear_ country! but they seem mighty unwilling to shed the _first_
-drop, or why don’t they shed a little reflection for the comfort of the
-poor soldier, or why don’t they shed out some of their big salaries for
-the advantage of those who have left firesides and friends for their
-_dear_ country?
-
-So far as this government boat was concerned, it had this regulation:
-“No _private_ shall enter the cabin, or be permitted to sit at the
-table,” the money or intrinsic worth of the soldier notwithstanding.
-Well, I have this consolation, that I have endeavored to show proper
-respect without _truckling_ to office or power. In my intercourse
-and associations with officers, I have kept up appearances without
-blushing, at the inferiority of my living to theirs. As to the monthly
-pay of the volunteer, one of my messmates well expressed himself. “I
-hope Congress may not increase our pay to ten dollars, for I never can
-be paid with money for the wounds my pride has received.”
-
-By the above remarks let it be understood that I am not finding
-fault with the duties of the soldier. I am willing, God knows I am
-willing, to do everything in my line of duty. Nor am I opposing rigid
-discipline, for I hold that subordination is the life and safeguard
-of the army. Yet the soldier has rights that should be protected, and
-feelings that should be respected.
-
-
-_11th._--We arrived at Matamoros this morning, before day. At sunrise,
-several of us went up to the city, but saw nothing worthy of notice. On
-my return, I stopped at the camp of the 4th Regt. Illinois Volunteers.
-There I heard with surprise, that my old friend Sergt. R. C. had been
-discharged on account of consumption. His brother sergeant of the same
-company had died just before at Camargo.
-
-About noon we shoved out and continued our serpentine windings.
-Soon after starting several of us took seats upon the boiler deck,
-determining not to be removed, when the captain approached and tapping
-me on the shoulder, beckoned me to one side. He pointed below to a
-wretched specimen of humanity, and remarked with energy, “Look there,
-sir! look there! Would you have me take such men as that into my
-cabin?” I replied, “must we all suffer from the imprudence of one man?”
-“That’s it! That’s it!” said he, laying his hand on my shoulder. “How
-can I distinguish? A whole regiment may suffer from the bad conduct
-of five or six men, and one may injure the reputation of a company.”
-“But,” said I, “if you had complied with the arrangements made, you
-would have run no such risks, nor brought down the indignation of us
-all. The Spencer Greys, sir, are gentlemen, and know how to behave
-themselves; but you say we have no more right here than your firemen.
-I tell you, sir, that if because we are volunteers, we have forfeited
-in your estimation all title to respectability, it argues that you have
-but little sympathy for us or the cause in which we are engaged.” I was
-much surprised to see the calmness with which he took this harangue,
-for it was delivered with much excitement. He at once attempted to
-defend himself, denying some things and explaining others, but his
-efforts were unavailing, for the narrowness of soul was still apparent.
-Here others joined us and took part in the conversation, when I soon
-after made excuse and left.
-
-About sundown we laid up for the night just above St. Marie. This
-little town is composed of several thatched huts, a neat little white
-brick house, and a large cotton press. I thought this could not be the
-enterprise of the natives, and sure enough, we found that the buildings
-were owned by a gentleman from New Orleans. I inquired his name, but
-have forgotten it. He sends his cotton into the interior to market.
-
-What fortunes might be made here in the cultivation of cotton. As we
-ascend the river whole acres of cotton may be seen uncultivated and
-going to waste. Occasionally a few of the indolent natives may be seen
-picking a little for their own use, and leaving the rest to rot upon
-the ground.
-
-The country now begins to assume a more favorable appearance. The river
-banks are higher, and the lands back not so subject to inundation.
-I have not seen any hills, or even more gentle undulations since we
-started.
-
-
-_13th._--Yesterday and to-day the time has glided away more pleasantly
-than usual. Our officers called a meeting, and decided that we _should_
-occupy the boiler deck, and at night have as much of the social hall
-and cabin floor as is necessary to lie down.
-
-During the afternoon, in conversation with the captain of the boat, he
-spoke at length of the Mexican character, and gave me much information
-respecting the natural resources of the country. The conversation
-turned upon the war and its effects. Major Ringgold and Colonel Watson
-were spoken of. The captain appeared to have been acquainted with them
-both.
-
-At night we laid up as usual, when nine of us set out in search of a
-“fandango,” which we heard of in the neighborhood. After wandering
-an hour we found that we had taken a wrong direction, and commenced
-retracing our steps, when we were alarmed by the most unearthly yells
-apparently approaching us. The sounds proceeded from a party of young
-men mounted upon “mustangs,” on their way to the fandango. We stopped
-them and conversed some time by signs, and made known our wishes to
-accompany them. They now started ahead signifying to us to follow
-after, which we did, imitating their yell of “uh! ah! whoop!” and
-extravagant gesticulations. Soon they galloped off on their ponies
-beyond our hearing.
-
-Notwithstanding the discouragement, we resolved to proceed. The night
-was dark, and the chaparel was gloomy through which was our pathway.
-At a rancho we procured a guide, who moved reluctantly till we gave
-him a dollar. This made him bound ahead yelling like a madman. Now in
-the broad road, now in a circuitous path, through weeds and briars we
-followed on and on, until the guide paused and appeared bewildered.
-Had it not been for our resolution to attain our object, we should
-have turned back. The Mexican gaining confidence, so did we and on we
-went. Soon we came to another rancho, where we were beset by myriads
-of dogs, but like their owners they soon retreated before our charge.
-At length we arrived at our destination, where we were received with
-great courtesy by the men, but with fear and trembling by the women.
-They had evidently seen but little of the Americans, and doubtless our
-being soldiers increased their timidity. It was some time before they
-ventured to look upon our countenances, or enter into the dance with us
-without considerable reluctance. But our kindness and liberality soon
-gained their confidence, for after each set we escorted our partners to
-the table, where were sold cakes, hot coffee and cigarritas. Everything
-was in the open air. A large circle was formed with benches, and the
-dancing went on in the centre. The whole was dimly lighted by lanterns
-of oiled paper.
-
-Both sexes were dressed principally in white. Uncleanness in dress, is
-not one of the faults of the Mexicans, when we take in consideration
-their mode of washing. Without tub, without washboard, they rub their
-clothes on a smooth board, laid horizontally upon the ground beside
-the stream. Occasionally they take up water in the hand and splash
-the garment. Much might be said about the events of this night, but
-this book is filling up too fast already. I know not when I shall get
-another. Before we started we took leave by shaking hands with them
-all. It was quite interesting employment to pass down a line of thirty
-girls, squeezing their little hands. They certainly can say “Adios
-Señor,” with a smile and “naiveté” almost irresistible. We arrived at
-the boat precisely at twelve o’clock. To my surprise I found it was my
-night for guard, but it was not too late to perform my duties.
-
-
-_14th._--Yesterday we passed Reynosa, but the boat not landing we saw
-very little of the place.
-
-This morning we got aground, where we were until evening. The Corvette,
-coming down, generously stopped and pulled us off, after breaking three
-large cables.
-
-
-_18th._--Well, here we are at last, opposite Camargo on the banks of
-the San Juan. Through great patience and tribulation, we have at length
-encamped on the most disagreeable spot that might fall to the lot of a
-soldier. The sand ankle deep and kept in continual motion by the wind
-and constant traveling. It reminds one of the simoom on the desert of
-Sahara. Twice to-day I went to Camargo. First as bearer of an order for
-new canteens and haversacks; and secondly, for wild mules to be broken
-for baggage wagons. We only succeeded in getting five, but must draw
-the rest in the morning.
-
-Before I returned to the camp, I attended the funeral of an old Mexican
-lady, which to an American was a great curiosity. The procession
-followed the priest to the house of the deceased. He was attended by
-three little boys with long cylindrical poles of brass. The one in the
-centre bearing the representation of our Saviour’s crucifixion; the
-other two bore long wax candles. They were dressed in long frocks of
-red flannel, and something like white waistcoats, which were intended,
-perhaps, to represent wings. On the sides of the priest were two other
-boys, with a silver censer and a kind of pot with water and sprinkler.
-The shoulders of the priest were covered with a velvet mantle, richly
-ornamented with silver. Each one in the procession carried a long
-candle with a black ribbon in the middle. After remaining half an hour
-in the house, they proceeded with the corpse to the church, accompanied
-with singing and music from the flute and violin. The lid of the coffin
-was carried at one side, leaving the body exposed all the way. On the
-black covering of the lid, was a cross formed with white tape.
-
-In the church the coffin was placed upon a table covered with black
-velvet trimmed with silver lace, and a large silver candlestick at each
-corner. Immediately in front of this was another table decorated in a
-similar manner with lace, and having candlesticks. On this were skulls
-and bones lying. The room was handsomely furnished with images of
-Christ, the Virgin, and many of the saints. After lighting the candles
-they began chanting the service, accompanied by the flute and violin,
-which composed the exercises, and lasted more than an hour. The music
-ceased only while the priest sprinkled the corpse and moved over it the
-incense. They repaired at length to the grave-yard, still chanting and
-playing, while the chimes tolled their deep melancholy tones. At the
-grave what a sight to behold! The ground was strewed with skull bones
-and partly decayed remains of humanity. Every new grave they dig they
-disinter a body, though it is not necessary, to make room for another
-coffin.
-
-After a short ceremony the priest retired, followed by the boys. The
-coffin was filled with dirt, each one putting in some, and the lid was
-then nailed on and lowered into the shallow grave. When covered over,
-the soil was beat down with a large stone, and left level with the
-surface.
-
-As we came back we met another funeral escort, but unlike the first.
-The body was uncoffined, unshrouded, and unattended by the pomp of
-ceremony, or the lamentation of friends. The dead man was guilty of
-poverty. But the _last_ may be _first_.
-
-Having returned to our camp we all entered upon the culinary
-preparation of four days’ provisions. To-morrow we shall, if ready,
-start for Monterey. If ready, I said; the mules must be shod, and
-broken in time for the harness. The right wing may leave us, which we
-all hope will not be the case.
-
-The reported deaths to-day of Mexicans in Camargo, was thirteen,
-mostly from measles. No wonder this disease is so fatal with Mexican
-treatment. When the malady is fairly broken out, they apply cold water
-and drive it in, and the consequence is, the patient is driven into
-the eternal world. I should like to speak of many more things which I
-have seen to-day, but the lateness of the hour, and my weariness will
-prevent it. I am now afflicted with the first cold since I left home.
-Two items more shall be mentioned. Another was received this evening
-into the mess; and it is said the needle-eyed soul of the Whiteville
-has been discharged from the captaincy for dissipation, and inattention
-to duty.
-
-
-_19th._--Pursuant to arrangement, we set out to-day for Monterey. We
-were awakened before daylight, but we did not start before noon. Many
-of us have been in Camargo to-day, to obtain five more mules, and
-exchange flour for bread. Our haversacks are stored with four days’
-provisions. Here is a list of eatables; 1st, bread; 2d, boiled pickled
-pork; 3d, coffee; 4th, salt. Soon we shall realize the fatigues and
-trials of a wearisome march. For my future perusal I shall give a
-minute description of the sufferings and incidents of our tedious
-journey.
-
-The road to-day was ankle deep in dust all the way, which nearly
-suffocated us. It arose so thick at times, that we could not see the
-company in front. We, however, kept up our spirits to the highest
-pitch. Bursts of merriment followed the glances and expressions of all.
-We were truly an antiquated looking group, with our locks and hair
-covered faces whitened with the dust.
-
-About sundown we arrived at our first encampment, having traveled nine
-miles. The 1st regiment of Indiana had started in the morning, and had
-already pitched their tents. The 3d regiment had gone ahead. I feel
-very tired with sore feet and aching bones. A cup of coffee has helped
-me somewhat.
-
-
-_20th._--This morning I arose greatly refreshed, and ready to march
-twenty miles, the reported distance to Mier; but before night I felt
-very differently, and every step was exceedingly painful. My feet were
-badly blistered, and every sudden movement of my arms, was like the
-piercing of sharp instruments. These acute pains were occasioned by
-the straps and weight of my knapsack, which contained all I possessed.
-Fancy to yourself the burden I was bound to support. The cartridge box
-with forty rounds of ounce ball cartridges, bayonet scabbard and belts,
-the haversack of provisions, canteen with water, musket and knapsack.
-Let the stoutest carry such loads twenty miles through dust and hot
-sunshine, and I assure you they will gladly stop for the night. The
-straps of my knapsack bound me so tight, that I could scarcely breathe.
-The pain at times was so excessive that I became bewildered, and all
-things seemed to swim around me. But pride forbade complaint and I
-jogged on; while others, apparently hardier than myself, gave out, and
-had their burdens lightened. It was dark when we pitched our tents in
-sight of Mier. After much seeking, sufficient wood was obtained to boil
-our coffee, and give light for the writing of these notes.
-
-
-_21st._--In the morning I felt greatly invigorated. I was quite
-disappointed in not getting a better view of Mier, a place that will
-long be remembered, in consequence of the awful tragedy which was acted
-there. Last night too much worn out to visit it, and this morning took
-unexpectedly a route that did not pass through its streets. Oh! the
-sufferings of the twenty-first. The sun shone with the power of July,
-and the dust how annoying! My nose so sore with blowing that I dare not
-touch it; and my lips so blistered that I cannot tell when they are
-closed. The heat, dust and salt pork made us so thirsty, and how we
-did suffer for want of water! So great was our thirst, that we drank
-largely of a pond covered thick with a green scum.
-
-Having trudged nineteen miles we arrived at Cannales’ Run, where
-we encamped for the night. Nearly overcome with the march, feet
-exceedingly sore, and so scalded with sweat, that they did not look
-like flesh and blood. But bathing them in cold water made them much
-better. After being seated a few minutes I was so sore and stiff,
-that it required almost a superhuman effort to move. But I kept up
-appearances, and did not acknowledge the extent of my fatigue. I had
-resolved to fulfil the prediction--“I can stand the march!” Great
-praise is bestowed upon us by the trains, saying we are the strongest
-regiment in the field.
-
-
-_22d._--What an astonishing effect is produced by a few hours’ sleep.
-Last night I stretched my aching, stiffened limbs upon the ground, and
-how refreshed this morning and ready to march twelve or fifteen miles
-to Point Aguda. My feet are becoming hardened, but after stopping
-it is some time before I can walk without great pain; but a little
-marching prepares me for jogging on better than ever. The march of the
-twenty-second would have been much easier had we not lacked bread. Just
-think, half a baker’s loaf at breakfast for eleven men, and no more
-till we stopped at night.
-
-Here we had a pleasant camp beside a clear running brook, and near
-a beautiful cascade, constructed of stone and cement, in order to
-turn the channel through the town. How pitiable is the indolence of
-the natives. Such natural advantages are neglected. What a mill seat
-is here; yet the poor women crush their corn between a stone roller
-and slab, in a barbarous manner upon their knees. What a lack of
-enterprise! Two companies of Ohio volunteers are stationed in this
-place.
-
-
-_23d._--This is our fifth days’ march, and about one half way to
-Monterey. The 1st regiment keeps before, and discommodes us greatly by
-their train. This day I did very well. Feet getting well! Thanks to
-cold water!
-
-We pitched our tents near the old Spanish town of Ceralvo, which
-bears the impress of an antiquated fortress, and reminds one of the
-dilapidated castles we read of in romances. The houses are built of
-gray stone, with loopholes for windows. Through the centre of the town
-runs a beautiful clear stream, spanned by bridges and arches. There is
-also a large cathedral with chimes and a towering steeple. It is said
-to be 166 years old. Three companies of Ohio troops are stationed in
-this place.
-
-
-_24th._--This sixth day’s march, the easiest of all. Feet nearly well,
-and bones don’t ache so grievously. The beautiful scenery by the way
-contributed to my ease in marching.
-
-It was not yet light when we left Ceralvo. As the rising sun cast his
-radiant beams upon the mountains on the left, I think I never beheld
-anything so beautiful and sublime. The whole chain, as far as the eye
-could reach, appeared like piles of burnished silver, shaded out in
-delightful golden tinges. I gazed upon this wonderful scenery with such
-exalted enjoyment, that I forgot the toils of my journey. How thankful
-am I, that in my heart are placed such sources of happiness. How
-majestic are the works of God! And what exhibitions are these of his
-Omnipotence! At length the mists of the morning were dispelled by the
-heating rays of the sun. Then in a short time what a change! Where the
-rich magnificence was displayed upon the mountain tops, were huge piles
-of rocks reaching up to the clouds. But still was left the imposing
-grandeur of the scene.
-
-At a creek about six miles from this encampment, we met an express from
-Gen. Lane to Col. Drake of the 1st, and to the Lt. Col. of the 2d Reg.
-The former was ordered back; eight of his companies to be stationed at
-Matamoros, and two at the mouth of the Rio Grande. I was thankful that
-ours was permitted to go on. How my sympathies were aroused in favor of
-the First. Many of them received our farewell with tears streaming from
-their eyes.
-
-The night of the 24th, we were uncomfortably encamped in the
-deserted bed of a river. There was no other water within ten miles.
-On a flooring of stones, our supper consisted of coffee and hard
-crackers filled with little black bugs. This, of course, was not very
-refreshing, after a hard day’s march.
-
-There is but little soil between this and Camargo worth cultivating.
-Scarcely a tree to be seen larger than the cherry. The soil is
-generally rocky and sandy, in some places having indications of iron.
-It produces spontaneously little else than burs, briers, thorns, and
-all varieties of the cactus. The prickly pear grows in enormous piles,
-more than six feet in height. The bank of this deserted channel is
-about forty feet high, composed of large gravel cemented together.
-
-
-_Christmas._--What a contrast between my situation here to-day and that
-at home one year ago. The events of last Christmas I remember well;
-but here a year after, far away, encamped in the valley of the Sierra
-Madre, having marched all day with our flanks guarded by their stony
-peaks. I am on duty to-night, for which a fifteen miles’ march is a
-poor preparation. Everything is filled with romance. The sky unclouded,
-all bespangled with brilliant stars, and the silvery moon riding forth
-in the midst of this beautiful scenery.
-
-
-_26th._--Having traveled sixteen miles this day, we encamped two miles
-beyond Marin, on the bank of a little river. We passed through the town
-of Ramus, which is said to be owned by Cannales, the celebrated robber.
-In Marin there is a fine cathedral and plaza. The houses of this town
-are built of stone and plaster of Paris, in which the country abounds.
-Notwithstanding my being up all night previous, I went ahead of the
-advanced guard all day. I thought I could get along better at my own
-gait.
-
-
-_27th._--And now we are at the Walnut Springs; the celebrated
-battle-ground of Monterey! This has been a painful day’s march of
-twenty-five miles. In eight days and a half, have we performed our
-journey. No infantry ever performed the same distance in less time.
-Here we are, four miles from the city, at the camp of old Rough and
-Ready, who has just started with his command for Victoria.
-
-This is a beautiful spot, with towering peaks rising majestically all
-around. Here are the largest, straightest trees I have seen in the
-country, forming a beautiful shade. We were hurried on in consequence
-of an order to Col. Hadden, from General Lane, stating that we were to
-continue our march to Saltillo, as Santa Anna was reported within two
-days’ march of that place. Then, we have still a march of sixty-five
-miles before us, having passed over one hundred and fifty already.
-After carrying heavier burdens than troops of other states, it may be
-supposed we were not very sprightly; yet I feel more able to travel on
-the next day, than I did on the third day.
-
-On that evening, being wearied, and having duties to perform, I did
-not write all that I wished. Much might have been said about the
-beautiful scenery that I beheld. After a hard day’s march it was quite
-unpleasant, of course, to hunt wood, carry water, and cook half the
-night for the next day. But, in the above instance, we had but little
-to cook, our supplies having not arrived from Monterey.
-
-
-_28th._--Whilst striking our tents this morning, general orders
-arrived, granting a day’s respite, as the provisions could not be
-secured so soon. Instead of resting, quite a number set out to visit
-the city. It is truly astonishing how deceiving is the distance to the
-mountains. For three days we have been marching directly towards two
-mountain spurs, higher than their neighbors. After a day’s journey,
-they seemed no nearer than they did in the morning. The city was four
-miles off, yet beyond was a knoll that appeared no more than a hundred
-yards distant. The previous evening a number of us started for this
-prominence that we might gaze upon Monterey, but soon found out the
-deception and returned to the encampment.
-
-The more I examine and reflect about the numerous points of natural
-defence around the city, the greater my astonishment how it could
-be taken by our little army. But it is useless for me to attempt a
-description of scenes connected with the exciting action that was
-performed there. More interesting accounts than I can give have been
-published in numerous papers of our country.
-
-The first place of prominence which we visited was the cathedral. This
-surpasses all edifices of the kind I ever saw in splendor. The images
-are clothed and decorated with jewels and precious metals. Some of
-the smaller paintings are framed in solid silver. The music from the
-harp and deep toned organ is truly enchanting. We visited also the
-fortification, the bishop’s palace, and the market. The latter abounded
-in sugar cane, sweet potatoes and oranges of the most delicious flavor.
-
-Before our return I met one of our townsmen. He belonged to the
-Louisville Legion, who were stationed near Saltillo. His health was
-recovered, and by his invitation we visited his quarters, the hospital.
-There we saw other acquaintances pale and emaciated by disease. They
-grasped our hands with warmth and tearful eyes. It was a touching
-scene, and made us all thankful for the preservation of our health.
-Our friend accompanied us to our camp and showed the position of the
-troops, and manner of attack in the great battle. We were also much
-interested in inspecting an extensive tannery. It was so clean and
-convenient. There were enormous vats which were hollowed in the solid
-rock, and watered by a clear stream running through the yard.
-
-I am conscious I have not done justice to these subjects; but this
-evening I am so low spirited, that I cannot write anything with ease.
-My companions around are reading epistles from home, while I am
-destitute of such consolation. These are unavailing regrets. I must
-cease my complaints. Our provisions are come, and they must be prepared
-for to-morrow’s march.
-
-
-_29th._--Before day-light we were up and making ready for Saltillo. As
-we passed through Monterey, much attention was attracted by our numbers
-and healthy appearance. Having traveled fifteen miles we arrived at
-the little town St. Catharine, situated near the mountain in the pass.
-It contains about five hundred inhabitants. Near us on the same route,
-are encamped three companies of regulars. I suffered but little from
-this day’s march; and felt that I could go twice the distance on the
-succeeding day, with as little suffering as I endured some of the first
-days.
-
-The garden of General Arista near Monterey, must have a passing notice.
-It certainly surpasses anything of the kind that I ever beheld. It is
-regularly laid out with taste and skill. The earth is raised about
-three feet above the walks. Here are flowers of all varieties and
-the most fragrant. On each side of the main path (which is made of
-plaster, white and smooth), are two large basins with fountains rising
-from the centre. But more beautiful still are two pools of water,
-the most limpid and transparent, in which may be seen myriads of the
-finny tribe. Then there is a clear cool stream flowing through white
-cement tunnels, throughout the whole garden. The shady groves of exotic
-fruits, the atmosphere laden with grateful perfumes, all conspired
-to make it a place of enchantment. Everything appeared so novel, so
-beautiful, that I almost fancied it the Garden of Eden.
-
-
-_30th._--Here we are encamped in the plaza of Rinconida, after a most
-fatiguing march of twenty-two miles. The road was broken and rocky, and
-the wind blowing to the rear nearly suffocated us with dust. This town
-is built of mud, and is half way to Saltillo. To this the armistice
-extended. Rinconida signifies secure corner, and is in keeping with
-its name, being in the intersection of two ranges of mountains. It
-could be well defended by a small force. Tending to and from the town
-is a beautiful grove of trees, forming a shady archway above, and is
-interspersed with enormous century plants, the stalks of which rise
-from fifteen to twenty feet.
-
-Quite an excitement! Arrival of the Great Western, or, the heroine
-of Fort Brown. She has every appearance of an Amazon, being tall,
-muscular, and majestic in her expression. She won laurels at the
-bombardment from Matamoros. She issued out coffee to the men while the
-bombs were falling all around her.
-
-
-_31st._--On the morning of the 31st, we were mustered for two months’
-pay; then took up our line of march as usual. Owing to the well nigh
-broken-down state of our teams, we marched but twelve miles on the
-31st. The road was hilly and dusty, but we arrived at our encampment
-in good time; the Greys being the advanced guard. This place is called
-the Warm Springs, from the temperature of the water. It is destitute of
-tree and bush, for miles around, that could be procured for fuel.
-
-  “_Camp Butler, Jan’y 1st, 1847._
-
-  “DEAR SISTER:--
-
- “How shall I repay you for your very kind letter? You can never know
- how grateful I am for its cheering effects. In fact I never had so
- much need of consolation before, as we have just finished a long
- and wearisome march from Camargo through Monterey to this place. We
- are encamped in the dust, which, with the wind and cold, destroys
- every moment of comfort. Our wood is issued out, two cords to the
- regiment; but when it comes to be divided among the companies, then
- subdivided among the messes, it is separated into small parcels
- indeed. No wonder, then, after marching over two hundred miles, and
- passing through so many comfortable places where other troops are
- stationed, that we should feel disappointed in being quartered in this
- disagreeable place. The effect is visible upon us all.
-
- “We had been here but a few days when Col. Bowles arrived from the
- States loaded with letters. My dear sister, if you could have seen
- with what eagerness we listened for the announcement of our names, and
- with what avidity we tore open the seals and devoured the contents,
- then you would have known how dear you all are to us, and how lively
- is the interest we take in the associations of our beloved homes.
- I am unable to say how often I have read your letter, but every
- time it appears new and interesting. Unto the never-to-be-forgotten
- friends who so kindly remember me, please give the assurance of my
- increased regard and warmest gratitude. Of my sincerity I promise
- to convince them if we are ever permitted to meet again. We are now
- amongst the foremost troops in the enemy’s country, having pitched
- our tents six miles from Saltillo on the high lands of Mexico, with a
- girdle of mountains around us. Through these there are three principal
- passes. Gen. Wool’s division occupies beyond the city; two companies
- of Kentucky cavalry at Rinconida Pass; and two companies of the same
- regiment at the one on our left.
-
- “Our discipline here is very strict, as rumor of an attack is
- continually floating about the camp. Last night near midnight an
- express arrived from the city, with orders that a picket guard of
- thirty men should be stationed two miles from the camp on the road to
- the two passes, as a large body of lancers had been discovered in the
- neighborhood. But no further alarm has yet been given.
-
- “We arrived here on New Year’s day, just as the Louisville Legion
- and the 1st Ohio regiment, were returning to Monterey. We had many
- a welcome recognition of friends in the Legion, and many jokes on
- our bronzed appearance; and allusions made to brighter days, when we
- attended together military encampments, dinners and target shooting;
- little dreaming that such a meeting as this was in store.
-
- “Yesterday several of us visited a cotton factory not far from the
- camp, which is owned by a Scotchman, who conducts the concern with
- ability. There are fifty girls employed, several of whom are from the
- States. The machinery was imported from New York.
-
- “We have just received word to garrison the city, in place of General
- Worth’s division. Yesterday they started on their way to join General
- Scott. The 3d regiment has already started, so I must postpone
- finishing till we are moved.
-
-
-“_18th._--During the interval between these dates, I have been so
-employed, that I have not been able to finish these notes. We have
-so many duties to perform, that there are few leisure moments indeed
-for writing. One hundred men are detailed from each of the Indiana
-regiments for guard; besides others to work on the fortifications. Last
-night our company was on patrol. We were up all night traversing the
-streets and alleys, and every suspicious corner in the city. But there
-is so much excitement connected with these duties, that we greatly
-prefer them to the monotony of camp life.
-
-“We are now pleasantly situated, having comfortable quarters and good
-provisions. The Greys sustain that character which they so proudly bore
-at home. Yesterday General Butler remarked to his aid-de-camp, while on
-brigade drill, that we were the finest volunteer company he had seen
-in the service. Our belts were perfectly white, and our arms brightly
-burnished, which made the contrast so perceptible.
-
-“The city of Saltillo is situated on the side of a hill. It has narrow
-streets and side walks, which are roughly paved with stone. The houses
-are built of stone and mud bricks, whitened over on the outside with
-plaster. They have flat roofs. The city boasts of two cathedrals, a
-nunnery and four plazas. In the centre of the plazas are fountains
-continually playing from the centre of large basins.
-
-“The church and plaza Santiago are truly magnificent, covering a whole
-square, and the front beautifully ornamented with columns, arches
-and statuary. In one steeple is placed a town clock, and in another
-a fine collection of chimes. The plaza, when viewed from the church,
-has an imposing appearance. The side walks around lead through arches
-supported by columns. There are groves of trees at regular distances,
-and fountains in the centre, spouting forth the sparkling liquid into
-the air, forming rainbows as it falls in copious showers into the basin
-below. But these beauties are but a scanty foretaste of the splendid
-magnificence that presents itself when you enter the church. I am
-incompetent to give a just description of its solemn grandeur. The
-paintings were truly beautiful. Hundreds of images were set in large
-cases of glass, and gilded niches richly clothed in satins and velvets,
-and decorated with silver, gold and precious stones. The altar in the
-sanctum is entirely overlaid with silver, as well as the candlesticks,
-censers and other appendages. The religious awe and superstitious
-reverence they have for these things are astonishing. As they pass the
-cathedral, they take off their hats. At morning, noon and night, the
-bells commence ringing, as if the whole town was on fire, and persons
-in the streets uncover their heads. Yesterday I saw a woman walking on
-her knees over the rough stones to church.
-
-“A portion of my leisure time is agreeably spent with some of my
-Mexican acquaintances. I have made some progress in acquiring their
-language. Yesterday I dined with them by invitation. The natives
-are moving from the city in great numbers, and every day increases
-the belief that the town will be attacked. About nine o’clock the
-other night, the whole city was thrown into an uproar by an expected
-attack. Great were the stir and confusion. As the long roll resounded
-from every guard station, the crowds of terrified citizens were seen
-hurrying to their homes, closing up their stores and barricading their
-doors. The fire was gleaming from the rough stones, as the galloping
-steeds were rushing to and fro. The cries, ‘to your quarters, men, the
-enemy is upon us!’ added to the commotion and tumultuous disorder.
-
-“In a few minutes our little force was formed on the main plaza, and
-after an exciting appeal, were stationed at different points. There
-we anxiously awaited the assault, but waited in vain, and were soon
-disbanded, as the alarm was occasioned by the firing of the Mexican
-sentry upon convicts who were attempting to make their escape. It
-appears that Santa Anna had sent an order to the alcalde, requiring him
-to liberate the criminals, on condition they would join the army. This
-the alcalde refused to do; the prisoners finding this out, raised in
-rebellion, which caused our stampede.
-
-  “Yours, &c.”
-
-
-  _Camp at Agua Nueva, February 12th._
-
-We arrived at this place, on last Saturday, to join General Taylor and
-Wool, who recently concentrated their forces here. It is generally
-believed that a movement is contemplated upon San Luis Potosi, or
-Zacatecas.
-
-It is quite cold in this elevated situation, and we have suffered
-exceedingly, especially within a few days. Last night was the first
-snow storm that I saw this winter. We use pitch-pine as wood, and chop
-it ourselves upon the mountains, six or seven miles from the camp, by
-the road.
-
-We now occupy the post of danger, and know not what is in store for
-us. So many reports have been in circulation, that we are almost
-indifferent to what we hear, no matter how startling it might appear.
-But if we march towards San Luis, we shall have what we have been so
-long craving--a fight. Recently I became sergeant, to fill the vacancy
-occasioned by Thomas Gwin being made sergeant-major. Being on guard
-to-night, these notes are written during the intervals of my duties;
-having a cold, and nursing my light, which is kept flickering by the
-howling wind without. It is nearly eleven, and time to awaken the
-second relief.
-
-
-_13th._--Last night I was so cold and uncomfortably situated, that
-I was incapable of holding my pen, but I have commenced early this
-morning, hoping to finish before my companions start away. There
-was rain last night, and it don’t seem so cold at present, but the
-mountains are still covered with snow. This place is truly romantic,
-and presents some of the finest prospects I ever beheld. There is the
-extended plain, dotted with white tents, and the huge mountain piles
-around excite the loftiest sentiments. If the gorgeousness of the
-sunsets could be transferred to canvas, the painter might be called a
-wild enthusiast.
-
-Dear sister, in sending you this journal, I am actuated by the
-expectation of a long and perilous march. It is well to dispense with
-all superfluous weight. Please take care of this till I return, if
-I should be so fortunate. I know not whether to ask you to continue
-writing, as it is doubtful whether your letters would be received. I
-shall hasten to apprize you of our next movement. Remember me to all
-my friends, my mother and brothers in particular. My fingers are so
-benumbed that I cannot write any more.
-
-
-_28th._--During last week, I have passed through so many thrilling
-scenes, that I am unable to describe them in regular order. Last Sunday
-we received orders to strike our tents and prepare to march. Before we
-had formed a line, and the command given, “file left,” the most of us
-were ignorant of our place of destination. But so soon as we commenced
-marching towards Saltillo, there was an end of discussion.
-
-Traveling about sixteen miles, we arrived at Buena Vista. After
-pitching our tents, we lay down supperless, for we had neither wood nor
-provisions. Scarcely had I fallen asleep, when the news was circulated
-that a mail had arrived. Soon after a letter was handed me from my
-friend Mrs. W., but, having no light, I was forced to postpone the
-reading till morning.
-
-We had scarcely finished our breakfast, when the long roll was beaten,
-calling us all to arms, as our picket guard had just arrived with
-the intelligence that the Mexican army was approaching. Having packed
-our wagon and formed a line, we were marched one and a-half miles
-towards the enemy, and stationed on a ridge just behind the narrow pass
-in which Major Washington’s battery was placed. There we waited the
-approach. The Mexicans had encamped the night before at Agua Nueva,
-causing the Kentucky and Arkansas cavalry, who were guarding some
-provisions, to destroy them and retreat in the night.
-
-We were greatly indebted to Colonel May and Captain M’Cullough, who
-rendered us much good service as spies. The intelligence which they
-brought caused us to leave the plains of Agua Nueva for a very strong
-and advantageous position.--Whilst we were awaiting the onset, I read
-Mrs. W.’s letter over and over again. It was encouraging, and afforded
-many topics for contemplation.
-
-Having remained in this position more than half the day, we were
-ordered over to another height on the left, near the foot of the
-mountain, where we were, during the night, occasionally receiving a
-shot from the enemy’s battery. (See Map, Letter D.) Toward evening,
-the two rifle companies, from each of the Indiana regiments, commanded
-by Major Gorman, who were stationed on the left, upon the side of the
-mountain, (see Map G,) were fired upon by an immense body of the enemy,
-who had also ascended the mountain. A heavy fire was kept up till dark,
-when all was silent, save the echoing of the enemy’s trumpets. I never
-shall forget the peculiar melody of those sounds as we lay upon our
-arms, hungry, and shivering with cold. It was a prelude to the awful
-din of next day.
-
-Before hostilities commenced, a flag of truce was sent by Santa Anna
-with dispatches to General Taylor, stating that he was here with
-twenty thousand men, and to save loss of blood, demanded immediate
-capitulation. General Taylor is said to have replied, “If you want
-us, come and take us!” It looked almost like madness, with an army of
-four thousand five hundred men, and sixteen small pieces of cannon, to
-compete with a force, which all our prisoners, and Santa Anna himself,
-agree in being twenty thousand men, and seventeen pieces of cannon--of
-which eight were sixteen and twenty-four pounders. What a fearful
-difference! Yet that small army of raw, inexperienced volunteers not
-only struggled against twenty thousand strong of the flower of the
-Mexican army, commanded by one of the ablest generals in the world, but
-obtained a complete victory. This I hold to be one of the greatest
-achievements upon record.
-
-Before I proceed further, I must confess my inability to give an
-accurate description of the whole action. The excitement and interest
-I experienced in what was passing immediately around me, occupied all
-my attention. I shall, therefore, for my future perusal, detail my own
-feelings and actions, together with what came under my own observation
-during the hazardous conflict.
-
-At sunrise, on the following day, the roaring of the enemy’s cannon
-announced the commencement of hostilities. A heavy fire was opened upon
-our riflemen upon the mountain, but they returned it in a handsome
-style. They were reinforced by a part of the 2d Illinois regiment and
-Kentucky cavalry, but still the odds were greatly against them. The
-whole mountain side, as far as the eye could reach, glittered with the
-enemy’s bayonets and lances.
-
-It was about nine o’clock in the morning when our regiment and a
-battery of three pieces, commanded by Lieut. O’Brien, marched out
-towards the battery which had been playing against us during the
-night and morning. We formed a line in front of three regiments of
-Mexico’s oldest soldiers (see Map O). It was an awful moment to face
-the thousands of veterans in solid column, with their gaudy uniforms
-and showy banners. But we had no time for admiration; for, before our
-line was formed, they had fired two rounds, which we soon returned
-in right good earnest. I was at my post in the rank of file closers,
-and was urging the men to form in their proper places, when Captain
-Sanderson cried out, “Never mind, Frank, fire away!” which I did, with
-all possible haste. About this time, the battery on our left (see Map,
-Letters M, B), opened upon us a deadly fire of grape, which raked our
-flank with terrible effect; still we stood front to front, and poured
-our fire upon the infantry, which did us but little injury, as they
-shot too high. But the battery on our left galled us exceedingly.
-It appeared as if we had purposely halted in their exact range, and
-the whole atmosphere resounded with the whizzing shot that came with
-increasing precision. Apollos Stephens was the first of the Greys to
-fall. He received a grape shot in the head, and fell back almost into
-my arms. O, how shall I describe the horror of my feelings? There lay
-quivering in death one of my comrades, with his eyes upturned, and the
-tears starting from them. It was a sad and touching scene--one that
-will never be effaced from my memory. I was loading when he fell,
-and compressing my lips, and smothering my emotions, I stepped over
-him and fired. Our captain was the next to fall, exclaiming “_I’ve
-got it, boys!_” A grape shot had struck his scabbard, which saved his
-life. Being ready to fire again, I stepped into a vacant place in the
-ranks, where I continued to load and fire without noticing anything
-around. The only thought I remember to have had was, “What a wonder
-I did not receive Captain Sanderson’s shot, as I was next to him on
-the same line! so the ball must have passed me before it struck him.”
-All was hurry and excitement, each working hard and doing his best.
-Occasionally a cannon-ball would whistle over our heads, or strike the
-ground near us, throwing the rock and dirt in all directions.
-
-We had fired about twenty-one rounds, when I heard some one say, “They
-are all retreating!” and turning, I saw that the right wing had gone,
-and the left starting. But several who had not heard Colonel Bowles’
-order to retreat, cried out, “Halt, men! for God’s sake, stop!” At
-this, many of us hesitated; but the retreat was general, and the enemy
-fast advancing upon us, led on by a large force of lancers. At length,
-Lieutenant Cayre, then in command, remarked, “It’s no use, boys, to
-stay here alone; let _us_ retreat!” which we did, with the balls
-raining around us, and the lancers at our heels. We rallied, by order,
-on the brow of the ridge from which we started in the morning, but were
-told to fall back upon the ridge on which we were first formed on the
-morning of the 22d. Here many of us met the Mississippi regiment of
-riflemen, who had just arrived from their quarters in town.
-
-The more I reflect upon our position in the opening of the conflict,
-the more I am at a loss to understand the policy of sending the 2d
-regiment against such an overpowering force. We were three-quarters of
-a mile from any assistance, except that of the gallant O’Brien, who
-with his three little pieces did such great execution.
-
-Our field officers all deny giving the word retreat, and General
-Lane, they say, intended to charge. Had he given the word, the charge
-would have been made; but how dreadful would have been the slaughter
-of our troops. It is unprecedented in the annals of warfare, for
-eight companies to rush against a disciplined force of three thousand
-infantry supported by twelve hundred lancers. Had we remained fifteen
-minutes longer, it is thought not one half of us would have survived.
-Their battery was fast getting our exact range, and it is astonishing
-that so many of us escaped.[1]
-
-[1] In justice to General Lane who, being ordered by General Wool to
-move forward and meet the enemy that were advancing in strong force,
-selected this point for their reception--I will state, that since I
-have surveyed, with more leisure and coolness, our position, I am
-convinced that a more judicious spot could not have been chosen. It was
-the only place where our small force could present so large a front as
-the enemy, who, with their overpowering numbers upon almost any other
-ground, might have surrounded and destroyed us. To show the probability
-of success, had the intended charge been made, I will here quote from a
-conversation after the battle. General Wool remarked to Colonel Bowles,
-in the presence of General Lane, Colonel Curtis, 3d Ohio regiment, and
-Major Washington, Light Artillery, that if he had withheld his order,
-“Cease firing, and retreat,” and had carried out the intention of
-General Lane, to advance, his regiment would have executed one of the
-most brilliant things ever done on any field of battle; “for,” said he,
-“Santa Anna, in his own official report, remarks, ‘that he had already
-passed an order for his forces to retreat, when the enemy, after a most
-determined resistance, was observed to give way in great confusion.’”
-
-My object in thus pausing in my description, is to show the position
-of our field officers, and why the 2d Indiana regiment scattered
-themselves into other regiments. Here, one instance will be related
-showing the qualification of Colonel Bowles to command. On the night of
-the 22d we were surprised by a body of horsemen, supposed to be lancers
-endeavoring to outflank us. This was pointed out to the Colonel, who
-called us to attention, and attempted to form us in a line of battle
-before the enemy. But, in his ignorance of tactics, he got us with the
-“left in front,” and while we were maneuvering to get right, we might
-have been cut to pieces. Fortunately, however, the alarm was caused by
-some of our own cavalry, who were returning from watering their horses.
-
-At this display of incapacity in the hour of danger, great murmuring
-arose amongst the officers, and the men were all unwilling to trust
-their honor and lives in his hands. A committee was sent to General
-Lane, requesting him to be with us on the following day, which he
-promised faithfully to do. Now in these remarks, I do not wish to
-express any disrespect to Colonel Bowles, farther than as a military
-commander. I believe him to be intelligent, courteous and humane, and
-judging of actions during the engagement, I have no reason to doubt
-his or Colonel Haddon’s bravery. But who would wonder at our want
-of confidence in these officers, after beholding their ridiculous
-blunders while on drill? Who would blame the men for preferring other
-commanders, when the enemy commenced crowding upon us? One-third of
-us joined other regiments, and the remainder rallied under Lieutenant
-Colonel Haddon, forming a distinct front as a regiment, and fought with
-firmness alongside the Mississippians and 3d Indianians.
-
-After many fruitless exertions to rally his men, Colonel Bowles ordered
-those who were near him to join the Mississippians, at the same time
-falling in himself. We marched along the ridge to meet a large body of
-lancers supported by infantry. We soon opened our fire upon them, and
-that, too, in a manner which forced them to retreat, and pursuing, we
-halted at intervals, and continued our leaden hail. Having followed
-them across two deep ravines, they were reinforced, and came rushing
-down upon us like a tremendous avalanche, pouring out upon us their
-incessant shot. We fell back across the two hollows, occasionally
-halting to fire upon our pursuers.
-
-While in the second ravine, the sun shining with burning heat,
-famishing for want of water, and almost overcome with exertions, I
-leaned against a rocky precipice, and there made up my mind to die.
-Sad and hopeless were my thoughts, when, raising my head, I beheld the
-Mexican line firing down upon us. At this I was involuntarily aroused,
-and recollecting an expression in Mrs. W.’s letter, “If you should
-die, it would kill your mother,” I made an effort for those I loved
-and gained the summit. But oh! God! what a merciful preservation! The
-balls rained around, scattering death and destruction on every side.
-It appeared like the bed under a shot tower, so thick and fast did the
-balls hail about us. A man just before me was shot down, and a brave
-lieutenant, who so kindly made room for me in his company, fell wounded
-behind me, exclaiming, “Give me water! give me a handkerchief!” I gazed
-upon his supplicating countenance, but had nothing to relieve him.
-Rendered reckless by the sight we had just witnessed, we rallied again
-upon the top of the hill, and with the 2d Indiana under Lieutenant
-Haddon, opened a terrible fire upon our blood-thirsty enemies. They
-soon retreated in the utmost disorder.
-
-Having fled beyond our fire, a detail was sent to explore the ravine
-for our wounded. While descending, what a shocking scene presented
-itself! The barbarians were cruelly butchering our wounded, and
-stripping them of their clothes. But our unerring rifles soon stopped
-these atrocious murders. Our success was but poor compensation for the
-blood of twenty brave comrades. The poor lieutenant was left naked with
-his throat cut from ear to ear.
-
-About this time the city of Saltillo was attacked by two thousand
-lancers, from Palamus Pass, commanded by General Minon, but being
-unable to face Major Webster’s well-directed battery from the redoubt
-fort, were driven back, after endeavoring to join the main army
-by passing along the foot of the mountain. Simultaneous with this
-engagement, a charge was made by a large body of lancers upon our
-baggage and provision train, at the Ranch (see Map, Letter J) Buena
-Vista, and were met by several companies of Kentucky and Arkansas
-cavalry, who were unable to withstand the shock, and were forced to
-fall back. Then the extended line of lancers came rushing down with
-their weapons poised ready to murder and rob our wounded, and sack our
-wagons. But they were checked by the appalling fire from the Indiana
-rifle battalion, who were ordered from the mountain with others who
-had rallied there. (See Map, Letter K.) If the latter could be blamed
-for retreating thither, they more than balanced it by their coolness
-and heroic defence in this instance. So firmly and furiously did they
-resist the Mexicans, that the plundering wretches gladly made their
-escape, leaving the plain strewed with their dead and dying. They
-were now pursued by Colonel May’s squadron of dragoons, who, with two
-pieces of Captain Bragg’s battery, had just come up. They were driven
-along the foot of the mountain into a gorge, where they joined a force
-that the Mississippians, reinforced by the two Indiana regiments and a
-twelve-pound howitzer, had been firing upon with great execution. There
-we had them in a dreadful dilemma, Colonel May (see Letter U), and the
-two pieces on the left pouring forth a destructive fire as they closed
-in. Below, on their right, was stationed a battery of three pieces,
-commanded by Captain Sherman, (see Letter Z,) emitting without mercy
-the messengers of death. Still further to the right was our position,
-(see Letter H,) and with our little cannon was opening their ranks at
-every fire. At this interesting crisis, just as we were about to obtain
-a brilliant victory over a force of more than five thousand strong,
-we were ordered to cease hostilities, as a flag of truce had arrived.
-There was an immediate cessation on _our_ part, which the enemy
-faithlessly took advantage of, by passing out of the gorge, but not
-without suffering greatly from the fire which opened upon them, when
-their object was discovered.
-
-The greatest portion of the afternoon was spent with these events. The
-enemy, now making another desperate effort, came charging down upon us
-in all their splendor. We at once formed a V. (See Letter H.) The 3d
-Indiana on the right, the Mississippians and 2d Indiana forming the
-angle. As we stood awaiting their approach, Colonel Davis cried out,
-“Hold your fire, men, until they get close, and then give it to them!”
-I never shall forget the imposing appearance of the Mexicans as they
-bore down upon us with their immense columns, glittering lances, and
-parti-colored banners. There was one company mounted upon white horses,
-and wearing brass mounted caps, with red plumes. At first they started
-off in a trot, and as they accelerated into a graceful gallop, with
-lines accurately dressed, and lances poised for action, within twenty
-paces of us, General Lane gave the word--“_Now give it to them!_”
-Here I shall fail in description. What language could I use to convey
-a vivid impression of the din and crashing thunder of this terrible
-collision? How awful was the report and the destruction of our deadly
-fire. The enemy at first slackened, then halted and wavered; then
-turning toward their battery, on the ridge, they fled, terrified and
-panic-stricken.
-
-It was, indeed, a glorious achievement. Whole platoons appeared to
-droop and fall before our unerring shot. It seemed as if every man
-felt that he was an American soldier, and that he was individually
-responsible for the performance of that hour. And as the victors
-pursued the retreating foe, they rent the air with their shouts of
-triumph, throwing up their caps, and giving every demonstration of the
-highest delight.
-
-I now felt for the first time like exclaiming, “There is something
-glorious in the pomp and circumstance of war.” I almost thought that
-I could not be killed, and I felt secure when I reflected about the
-bloody ravine, and my miraculous escape. General Lane here rode by,
-exclaiming, “_We’ll whip them yet!_” He forgot entirely his wounded
-arm, and rode about the field cheering and encouraging the men. It
-was truly a happy time! Our little cannon had played into them so
-effectually, and it was defended so nobly! In a few minutes we were
-again facing the foe upon the ridge, near the place where we were
-stationed in the morning. (see Letter S.) The enemy had planted there
-a heavy battery, (see Letters M and B,) and as we ascended the brow of
-the hill, we were warmly received by an incessant fire, both from the
-battery and the Mexican reserve of six thousand that were pursuing
-the Illinoisians and Kentuckians, who had _heroically_ attacked this
-overpowering force. This was the unfortunate charge in which fell the
-gallant Hardin, McKee, and Clay;--a trio of mind, heart and courage,
-ever to be lamented. (See Letter P.)
-
-We soon, however, nothing daunted, paid them back with interest, and
-again the air was eloquent with our victorious cheers. We there fell
-back for protection, under the brow of the hill, and calmly listened
-to the whizzing shot from the enemy’s battery striking the ground in
-front and rear, scattering the stone in every direction. Thus was spent
-the remaining portion of the day. Occasionally we would be called to
-attention, and marched to the brow of the hill, when we suspected some
-demonstration upon our cannon, which was used in silencing the enemy’s
-battery. About sundown, the thundering of artillery ceased, and the
-conflict of the day was over.
-
-The Mississippians having received orders to repair to their quarters
-in town, myself and Lieutenant Kunkle, (who so proudly bore our banner
-in the thickest fight,) accompanied them as far as the hacienda. Our
-noble banner was executed by the skill and patriotism of the New Albany
-ladies.
-
-Such a night as I spent at the hacienda, God grant that I may never
-spend again! What piles of wounded and dying that lay groaning around!
-After wandering about among the wagons which were formed into a hollow
-square, I came across one of my messmates. Warmly grasping each
-other’s hands, we mutually inquired for our comrades. Then came the
-mournful tidings of the death of Francis Baily, Warren Robinson, and
-Charles Goff, three of my warmest friends, and brightest ornaments of
-our company. What a shock was this!--two of our beloved messmates,
-by whom, side by side, we had laid together for so many long months
-on the soldier’s couch, and with whom we had so often joked, while
-around our simple meals! But no more shall we mingle together in such
-uninterrupted harmony! I sought among the wagons for my blanket, but it
-was not there. I desired no food, notwithstanding I had eaten but a few
-pieces of hard crackers since the morning before. I was now becoming
-conscious of my excessive weariness. Loss of sleep, violent exertion,
-and the rain, which drenched us several times during the day, caused my
-bones to ache in every joint. Weary and faint, I resorted to the roof
-of one of the houses, hoping to get a little rest, but in this I was
-disappointed. I had scarcely begun to occupy a portion of a blanket
-kindly offered me by one of my friends, when we were alarmed by an
-unexpected charge from the lancers. Great were the excitement and hurry
-on the house tops. Soon every one was ready and waiting for the onset.
-Thus the night was spent in continual alarms, anxiety and suspense. We
-were ordered to lie upon our arms, and five times during the night were
-we aroused for the expected assault from the lancers, whose watch fires
-gleamed ominously from the mountains around. The sun had hardly arisen
-upon the bloody field, when I gladly arose to seek a fire, as my limbs
-were benumbed with cold. While seated on a stone near a fire, I was
-brooding over my fate, and that of our little army.
-
-Gloomy, indeed, were my thoughts when my eye caught an open letter
-lying upon the ground. Picking it up, I read carelessly until I started
-at beholding my own name. Soon I found that the letter was written from
-my beloved home, by one of my female friends to my departed associate,
-Charles Goff. Never did I before so fully appreciate the value of
-friends, or a quiet home, away from the tumult of war. “A---- says she
-loves her friends.” How did these sweet words sink into my heart, and
-what would I not have given to have realized their import! But what
-a contrast between my situation and that of my friends! The dead and
-the dying, with mangled and bloody features, staring at me, and a day
-of deadly strife before us! I felt that my own destiny would soon be
-sealed, and resolved to hold out to the last.
-
-If ever permitted to return home and mingle with valued friends, and
-enjoy the blessings of peace, doubtless many of the horrors will be
-effaced from my memory. But never shall I forget the terrible night
-that I passed at the hacienda of Buena Vista.
-
-Having partaken of some refreshment, many of us proceeded to the field
-to rejoin our regiment. While wiping out our muskets and renewing our
-flints by the way, we were passed by six men, bearing the body of a
-wounded companion. Looking over their shoulders, I recognized my old
-friend, Sergeant Combs, of the 3d Indiana regiment. The poor fellow had
-been shot in the leg, and had lain out in the field all night. In the
-morning his naked body was found amidst a plat of prickly pears, with
-his flesh penetrated by the long needles. He has since died.
-
-Upon our arrival we heard of the retreat of the Mexican army, and
-parties were sent out in all directions for the killed and wounded.
-Another and myself obtained leave to seek for the body of Warren
-Robinson. The last account we had of him he was in a ravine, completely
-exhausted, and some one passing, remarked, “Warren, don’t stop here;
-you’ll surely be killed!” He answered, “I can’t help it; I can go no
-further; and if I never see you again, you will know where to find me.”
-This place was described to us, and we found him accordingly. He was
-pierced to the heart by a ball, and robbed of his shoes and stockings,
-and the contents of his pockets.
-
-After gazing upon the placid countenance of young Warren, and
-reflecting on his blasted hopes of the future, we raised him up,
-and with assistance, bore his bleeding body to the summit of the
-ridge. Having secured a wagon, a party of us went in search of others
-belonging to our regiment. At length we found the horridly disfigured
-bodies of Apollos Stephens and Francis Baily. They were stripped
-of their clothing, and near the place where they had fallen in the
-morning. At first the icy coldness of their naked bodies sent a thrill
-of horror at every touch throughout my whole frame: but my firmness
-of nerve increased a little as we progressed in filling up the wagon
-with our fallen associates. How my blood chills when I reflect on
-those dead soldiers stiffened in frightful attitudes, that were heaped
-upon one another so promiscuously! On which side soever we turned our
-eyes, could be seen friends and foes terribly mangled, and lingering
-in torture. Many of the Mexicans would call out “Agua, agua!” and
-gulping it down, they would appear resigned to die. And thus the day
-was spent in wandering over the bloody field, and burying the dead.
-The dead of each regiment were laid together. Our boys were placed
-side by side--Robinson sharing the blanket of his college mate Capt.
-Kinder. After preserving a lock of each one’s hair, as a memento for
-their friends, we fixed a cross made with staves, with their names cut
-thereon, and raised over them a pile of stones. Then we fired three
-salutes, and with a heavy heart returned to our camp. But wherever
-we went, the dead appeared to follow us, and the most solemn silence
-reigned around. On one side lay fifty of our killed, all stripped;
-and everywhere could be seen the effect of the raging conflict. After
-a cheerless supper, we performed the last duties of humanity to our
-worthy messmate Charles Goff. It appears that during the retreat he
-received a lance wound in the left elbow, and repaired to a stream
-below the rancho to quench his thirst and bathe his wound when he was
-attacked by five lancers. Seeing him unarmed, they pursued him at full
-speed. After chasing him some distance, they overtook him, and Charles,
-finding it impossible to save himself, faced the foe and received the
-lance in the breast, before assistance could arrive, and died with an
-expression of calm resignation lingering upon his countenance. He was
-a good soldier, taking pride in the performance of all his duties. As
-a Christian he was invulnerable to the temptations of camp. The last
-conversation I had with him was just before we marched out to the
-battle. I inquired if he had expressed to any one his wishes in case
-he should fall. He replied “No!” with great seriousness. “Hadn’t you
-better?” said I. “Yes, and now is the time,” he answered. “I wish you
-to collect my papers and things, and take them home to my friends; you
-know who I mean.” I asked if he just meant those things that might
-be preserved as mementos. Here we were called to attention, and he
-replied by nodding his head. Then I heard his rallying voice after the
-retreat, which was the last I saw of him until he was cold in death. O
-how deeply do we feel his loss! Few, indeed, were like him! We buried
-him by moonlight on a grassy ridge near the spot where he fell. Several
-officers of the brigade and regiment were present.
-
-The next day our scouts brought word that Santa Anna was still at Agua
-Nueva, and perhaps would renew the combat. We were ordered to strike
-our tents and repair again to the battle-field, where we remained
-suffering almost every inconvenience. In my mess there was not a single
-blanket, and many of us had lost our knap-sacks with our clothing.
-So we were forced to sleep upon a stony mattress with our tents as
-coverlids. Even such rest as these could afford was uncertain. Our
-dreams were feverish with anxiety, and every hour we expected the long
-roll, and our arms were continually near us. The long roll! oh how
-terrible the sound! fraught with danger and death! The soldier alone
-can appreciate its import! A night or two before, we heard its sounds
-with all its horrors.
-
-Others with myself were conversing over a few coals when General Lane
-came up, and ordered Colonel Bowles to have the long roll beaten as an
-express had just arrived, stating that our picket guard had been fired
-upon. This was a fine opportunity to witness its startling effect,
-and waking up my mess we looked down the ravine, where so many were
-reposing their weary bones. The moon looked down upon us in all her
-silvery brightness, save in the gloomy shadow of mighty rocks, which
-were piled up stratum upon stratum. Death-like stillness pervaded the
-scene, but it was like the silence that preludes the mighty crash of
-the avalanche; for now the rolling of a hundred drums spreads from line
-to line. In an instant the white coverings are flying in the air, and
-the whole army starting to their feet with every variety of expression
-visible upon their excited countenances.
-
-After shivering in the cold for an hour, we were permitted to lie down
-again upon our arms. Thus the time was spent in continual alarms and
-rumors of assault, which was worse than a dozen battles. We were all
-anxious to meet the enemy again, to be revenged for their cruelty to
-our wounded brethren, and felt that we could fight more effectually,
-as we were hardened into indifference by the past, in beholding our
-falling comrades. And further, we had a reinforcement of General
-Marshall with three eighteen pounders. At length intelligence came that
-the Mexican army had taken up their line of march to San Luis Potosi;
-when we were ordered immediately to make preparations for our old
-encampment.
-
-It was a melancholy march, as the road all the way for sixteen miles
-was strewed with the Mexican dead. On a single spot I counted thirteen
-bodies; and at times the scent from the field was almost insupportable.
-After an exciting march, we pitched our tents near the spot which we
-left a week before; and part of the time since the enemy had occupied,
-whose fires were not extinct on our return.
-
-
-_March 14th._--We received orders last Wednesday to remove back
-to Buena Vista, as the water was so bad, and the wind and dust so
-disagreeable, that even our horses were affected, causing them to
-die off in great numbers. I was on guard the day before, and was not
-relieved till the next evening. To remain a whole day in the hot sun
-without shelter, and remain up all night in the cold wind, is a poor
-preparation for a hard march. The guard went in advance, and upon our
-arrival, were posted around the camp, which is situated on a ridge,
-sloping from the mountain. There we remained until the tents were
-pitched, and a new guard mounted.
-
-We have not yet forgotten the battle. Low spirits, gloom and regret
-are everywhere manifest. There are but few who have not to mourn the
-loss of friends and relations. Our wounded are all doing well, save
-Granville Jackson, the inflammation of whose hand has brought on a
-severe fever; and Alfred Goodwin, who, though badly wounded, may
-eventually be able to walk.
-
-Much controversy is going with regard to the retreat of the 2d
-regiment; but as it can easily be proved that Colonel Bowles gave the
-order, the matter will soon be favorably understood. But the subject
-gives us great trouble. If our reputation must suffer, it is, indeed,
-very discouraging.
-
-General Taylor, the adored of the army and the hero of many battles,
-has removed with Colonel May’s squadron of dragoons, Bragg’s battery of
-light artillery, and the Mississippi regiment, to Walnut Springs, near
-Monterey. We are still under the command of General Wool, who, although
-a brave and prudent officer, and a good soldier, falls below “Old
-Rough” in gaining the affection of the men.
-
-There are many things I should like to speak of, especially incidents
-and personalities connected with the battle, but am now too low
-spirited to relate them. We are so inconveniently situated, the wind
-and dust so disagreeable, and at times so concerned for our reputation,
-that often I become almost hopeless, and hardly care what becomes of
-me. The Indiana troops have truly been unfortunate, the 2d regiment
-especially. From our first entering the service, we were organized in
-a way contrary to our wishes, and officers selected for us, wholly
-unqualified for their stations, and even below mediocrity in point of
-talent, which rendered them unable to draw the attention of commanding
-officers to their regiment. Thus the greater portion of our time was
-spent in obscurity, wading the lagoons of Belknap--since which time we
-are nothing indebted to our regimental officers for our preferments.
-General Lane has made the 2d regiment what it is, and does honor to the
-position which he occupies. But I will cease this strain, as I promised
-to complain as little as possible.
-
-
-_April 1st._--We are now comfortably situated, and have less cause of
-complaint than at any other time during the service. There are two
-tents pitched together for our mess of eight, who live together in
-the greatest harmony. Our floor is carpeted with grass, and we have
-blankets and provisions in abundance. But still we look with much
-solicitude to the time when we shall meet our beloved friends at home.
-What a blank is caused by the absence of some of the refinements of
-society, and to be so long absent from those we love, with but little
-to occupy their places!--I have learned much in the tented field; I
-have learned how few are the real wants of man; I have learned to
-abstain from luxuries and to suffer privation; I have learned how
-important is good female society for the refinement of manners and the
-elevation of morals.
-
-All is quiet again, and the excitement attending the expectation of
-another attack, has died away. Until recently, the guard duty has been
-very heavy, and the troops in constant anxiety, caused by the rumors
-in circulation.--Yesterday the whole division passed in grand review
-before General Wool and staff. It was truly a splendid sight. Seven
-regiments of infantry, accurately dressed upon the same line; two
-squadrons of dragoons, and four batteries of flying artillery. The
-gaudy uniforms of the general and staff added to the imposing grandeur
-of the parade. The camp is generally in good health, and our wounded
-doing well. The loss of Goff and Robinson is a severe stroke to the
-mess. I assure you we miss them greatly, especially at night, when we
-see their vacant places upon the ground.
-
-
-_May 15th._--During the last two weeks much excitement has prevailed
-with regard to the court of investigation, concerning the conduct of
-Brigadier-General Lane and Colonel Bowles. General Lane called for an
-examination on his own part, and was acquitted with the highest praise.
-Colonel Bowles, by request, followed his example, and the charge of
-incapacity for performing the duties of his office, and ignorance of
-company and battalion drill, were fully substantiated, as well as the
-word of giving the order--“Cease firing, and retreat!” This decision,
-approved by Generals Taylor and Wool, at once sets at rest all doubts
-as to the propriety of our retreat, and no blame can now be attached to
-the 2d regiment for that unfortunate event.
-
-Yesterday evening we received the joyful orders to take up our line
-of march for the mouth of the Rio Grande, to start on the 24th. The
-2d Kentuckians started yesterday; the Ohioans will leave on the 18th;
-and the Illinoisians on the 30th.--We have just received a request
-from the citizens of New Albany to bring home the four bodies of our
-fallen comrades. We had already canvassed the matter, and given it up
-as impossible; but now it must be done, and preparations are being
-made for their transportation. General Lane, with his characteristic
-nobleness of heart, lends a helping hand. The Mexicans are inferior
-mechanics, and material is scarce; and we shall have to use tin instead
-of lead for coffins, as the latter is not to be had.
-
-The decision of the Court of Inquiry encouraged and animated us all;
-and the effect was quite obvious throughout the whole camp. Last night
-a number of us were convened around the fire, and were all recalling
-incidents connected with the battle. Many amusing anecdotes were
-related, two of which I shall record, as examples of great coolness in
-the heat of battle.
-
-During the engagement of the rifle battalion on the mountain, a
-deer sprang up in the ravine, between the two fires; a backwoodsman
-observing it, cried out, “Look at that deer!” at the same time
-diverting his aim from the enemy in front, instantly fired, and brought
-the animal to the ground. Another happened under my own observation.
-When Captain Sanderson fell, badly shocked by a grape shot striking
-his scabbard, a man just before him, who was squatted down examining
-his flint, seeing the ball fall near, picked it up, and turning to the
-captain, who was gasping for breath, threw it towards him, carelessly
-remarking, “There it is, Cap.!”
-
-A ludicrous story was told of a party composed of different regiments,
-in an eating-house of Saltillo, after the battle. They were drinking,
-and relating their wonderful exploits. One in particular was eloquent
-upon the daring bravery of his captain. At this crisis, a fellow
-who had been unnoticed before in their merriment, advanced from his
-corner, and enthusiastically insisted that the captain spoken of was a
-brave man, for he saw him charge unarmed upon a presented pistol. The
-stranger was invited to drink, then urged to relate the circumstance,
-and, after smacking his lips with great satisfaction, he commenced.
-“During the fight I retreated to town, and hid in an old bake oven that
-stood on the hill, as you enter the city. Well, I hadn’t been there
-long, before I spied your captain making for it at full speed. I drew
-my revolver, and when he came, cried out to him, ‘Don’t you come here,
-or I’ll blow your brains out!’ _But he rushed right in._”
-
-An amusing incident came off the other day, at the mounting of the
-guard. A lieutenant, rather too fond of the “Critter,” with a seedy
-suit that had evidently not been worn out with brushing, was rejected,
-and charged by our worthy inspector-general not to present himself
-there again. So the next day _another_ was detailed, not much better
-attired. When the inspector perceived him, he rode up, and severely
-remarked, “Didn’t I tell you not to come back here?” He respectfully
-rejoined: “A slight mistake, colonel, there is one grease spot less on
-this hat!”
-
-
-  “_Camp near Reynosa, June 4th._
-
-“According to general orders, we broke up our encampment at Buena Vista
-on the 24th of May, and after a march of ten successive days, over
-three hundred miles, we arrived at this place. From this we will take
-steamboats to the mouth of the Rio Grande, thence by vessels to New
-Orleans, where we will be discharged, and permitted to return to the
-endearments of home. It rained during our last day’s march, and has
-continued to do so ever since, at intervals.
-
-“Yesterday several of us visited Reynosa, but saw nothing interesting,
-with the exception of the funeral of a little girl five years of age.
-We were first attracted to the house by music from the drum, clarionet
-and violin. When we arrived, we found the child placed upright in the
-coffin, and tricked out with finery. On the head was a kind of a crown
-of gilt paper; in one hand the figure of a saint, and in the other a
-piece of black wax. After many of the family and friends had assembled,
-they formed a ring before the door, and commenced dancing and waltzing
-in the most unfeeling manner, until the corpse was conveyed to the
-church. They bear the death of children with great philosophy, deeming
-it no source of lamentation. The more extensive my acquaintance
-with this people, the greater my pride and satisfaction in being an
-American. The beauty and ingenuousness of their women, the mind and
-energy of their men, are so far below those of ours, that we cannot
-make a comparison. They plough their fields with a straight stick
-running slanting into the ground; never did I see them make a pound of
-butter, although they obtain vast quantities of milk; and they justify
-their laborious way of crushing corn by saying ‘it makes it much finer
-than mills.’”
-
-On the 3d of July, we landed at New Albany, after an absence of a
-year. Multitudes of friends and acquaintances stood upon the shore to
-await our arrival. The cannon roared to welcome us, and a flowery arch
-spanned the street in all its beauty, to cheer us as we entered the
-city. On the fifth, we transported to the solemn grave, the remains
-of our fellow soldiers. Great was the concourse which followed in
-procession, to witness the mournful ceremony. A noble monument will
-mark the resting-place of those who fell in battle.
-
-Reader, I will now come to a conclusion. This journal was written for
-my own reference and amusement, but I have made some verbal alterations
-for your accommodation. Had I more thoroughly revised the style and
-arrangement in my manuscript, doubtless fewer errors would have
-existed; but it may go forth with its imperfections, for I have neither
-time nor inclination to put on a higher polish.
-
-Other companies than the _Greys_, and other regiments than the
-_Second_, could not expect a description of all their glorious deeds
-from one whose humble position limited his survey and sources of
-extensive information. If I have erred in statements, it was of the
-_head_, and not of the _heart_. With a clear conscience I have written
-what I have written. Brilliant actions, no doubt, were performed at
-Buena Vista that will never shine upon canvas, nor glow in the poet’s
-song, nor blaze upon the page of history.
-
-
-THE END.
-
-
-
-
-Transcriber’s Notes
-
-Errors in punctuation have been fixed.
-
-Page 15: “of the corse” changed to “of the corpse”
-
-Page 32: “kind of opheclide” changed to “kind of ophicleide”
-
-Page 40: “suddenly arroused” changed to “suddenly aroused”
-
-Page 44: “Nothwithstanding the discouragement” changed to
-“Notwithstanding the discouragement”
-
-Page 48: “a rout that did not pass” changed to “a route that did
-not pass”
-
-Page 58: “the moun ains” changed to “the mountains”
-
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-      A Campaign in Mexico, by Benjamin Franklin Scribner—A Project Gutenberg eBook
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-<p style='text-align:center; font-size:1.2em; font-weight:bold'>The Project Gutenberg eBook of A campaign in Mexico, by Benjamin Franklin Scribner</p>
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-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
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-<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: A campaign in Mexico</p>
-<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: Benjamin Franklin Scribner</p>
-<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: September 8, 2022 [eBook #68938]</p>
-<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</p>
-  <p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; text-align:left'>Produced by: The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive)</p>
-<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A CAMPAIGN IN MEXICO ***</div>
-
-
-
-<p class="center p2"><span class="figcenter"  id="img001">
-  <img src="images/001.jpg" class="w75"  alt="BATTLE OF BUENA VISTA" />
-</span></p>
-<p class="center caption">BATTLE
-<i>OF</i>
-BUENA VISTA<br /></p>
-
-
-<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<h1>
-A <br /><span class="big">CAMPAIGN IN MEXICO.</span></h1>
-
-<p class="center">
-BY<br />
-<br />
-<span class="big">“ONE WHO WAS THAR.”</span><br />
-</p>
-<p class="center bt bb p4">
-“Variety is the spice of life.”<br />
-</p>
-<p class="center p2">
-PHILADELPHIA:<br />
-<br />
-<span class="big">JAMES GIHON.</span><br />
-<br /><span class="small">
-AND FOR SALE BY ALL BOOKSELLERS AND COUNTRY MERCHANTS<br />
-SOUTH AND WEST.</span><br />
-<br />
-1850.<br />
-</p>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<h2 class="nobreak" id="PREFACE">PREFACE.</h2>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p>In thus bringing myself before the public as an author, I offer no
-apology. I make no pretensions to literary merit. The following
-pages were written in the confusion and inconvenience of camp,
-with limited sources of information, and without any expectation of
-future publication. I offer nothing but a faithful description of my
-own feelings, and of incidents in the life of a volunteer. To such
-as may be interested in an unvarnished relation of facts, connected
-with the duties, fatigues and perils of a soldier’s life, I respectfully
-submit this volume.</p>
-
-<p class="right">
-B. F. SCRIBNER.<br />
-</p>
-
-<p>
-<span class="smcap">New Albany</span>,<br />
-<span class="ml"><i>Indiana</i>.</span><br />
-</p>
-
-
-<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<h2 class="nobreak" id="PUBLISHERS_NOTE">PUBLISHERS’ NOTE.</h2>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="r5" />
-<p>To the interest of a simple personal narrative, this volume adds
-the value of a faithful description of that part of a soldier’s duty in
-the camp and field, which is necessarily excluded from official accounts
-or general histories. It attracted in manuscript the attention
-of the publishers, as a work similar in spirit and purpose to Dana’s
-“Two Years before the Mast,” although necessarily less varied in
-incident, and less comprehensive in information than that very
-popular production.</p>
-
-<p>The map of the field of Buena Vista by Lieutenant Green, of
-the 15th infantry, is presented as the most accurate yet published,
-having been approved by many distinguished officers as a true representation
-of the ground, and of the relative positions of the corps
-of the American and Mexican armies, on the day of the battle. A
-careful examination of the map and references, will afford a clearer
-idea of the movements of both, and of the progress of the action,
-than any of the descriptions which have yet appeared.</p>
-<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</span></p>
-
-<h2 class="nobreak" id="INCIDENTS_OF_A_CAMPAIGN_IN_MEXICO">INCIDENTS <br /><br /><span class="small">OF A</span><br /><br />CAMPAIGN IN MEXICO.</h2>
-</div>
-<hr class="r5" />
-
-<p><i>July.</i>—We left the New Albany wharf, July 11th, 1846, at one
-o’clock A.M., and are now winding our way to New Orleans, on
-the noble steamer Uncle Sam, <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">en route</i> to the wars in Mexico. I
-am wholly unable to describe my thoughts and emotions, at leaving
-my native home, with its endearing associations, and embarking
-upon a venturesome career of fatigue, privation, and danger. I
-stood upon the hurricane deck, and could see by the moonlight
-crowds of my fellow townsmen upon the bank, and in the intervals
-of the cannon’s roar, returned their encouraging cheers. As we
-glided down, the last objects that met my lingering gaze, were the
-white dresses and floating handkerchiefs of our fair friends. How
-few of us may return to receive their welcome!</p>
-
-<p>I am becoming more and more impressed with the aristocracy of
-office. Those who hold commissions have the best pay, the best
-fare, and all the honor. The private performs the work, endures
-the privation, and when the toils and sufferings of the campaign are
-over, forgetfulness folds him gracefully in her capacious mantle.
-The cabin has been reserved for the staff and commissioned officers,
-while the non-commissioned and privates enjoy decks the best way
-they can. I now realize that when one takes up arms voluntarily
-in defence of his country’s institutions, he forfeits his claim to gentility,
-thereby rendering himself liable to all kinds of cold, cheerless
-inattention. Under a full appreciation of this fact, one of my companions
-and myself applied to the Captain of the steamer for a
-cabin passage. He granted our request, with the Colonel’s consent,
-and by paying extra ten dollars, we were permitted to occupy the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</span>
-last remaining room, and enjoy the very great privilege of sitting at
-the same table with our titled superiors.</p>
-
-<p>There are five companies on board, and all appear in good spirits.
-They are following the bent of their several inclinations. At a table
-above me is a group of “Greys” busily engaged in signing resolutions
-indicative of their disapprobation of the course of Gov. Whitcomb
-and his advisers, in officering and forming our regiments.
-I will not here try to show how all our plans have been frustrated,
-nor speak of the many discouraging circumstances under which we
-go away; suffice to say, I willingly signed the resolutions, which
-will be sent home for publication. I pause to listen to a song in
-which Prof. Goff appears to lead.</p>
-
-<p>How pleasing are the impressions made upon the mind by a beautiful
-landscape, when advantageously seen and properly appreciated.
-We have just passed three islands lying almost side by side, thereby
-giving great width to the river. They are indeed beautiful. Viewed
-in the distance they appear like three huge tufts of grass.</p>
-
-
-<p class="p2"><i>12th.</i>—Our noble craft is now ploughing the bosom of the “Great
-Father of Waters.” There is something truly sublime in beholding
-a mighty river moving on in its course, defying every resistance,
-and bearing silently on towards the ocean. There is a tiresomeness
-in the scenery upon the banks of this noble stream, when compared
-with the diversified character of that found upon either side
-of the beautiful Ohio.</p>
-
-<p>It is remarked generally by those among us, accustomed to travelling,
-that a more orderly set of men they have never seen than
-the volunteers from Indiana. The Greys attract much attention by
-their jokes and animation. They lead in the dance, and three of
-their number take the front rank in music. Goff with his guitar,
-Tuley with his violin, and Matthews with his vocal accompaniments,
-constitute a musical trio, possessing power to cheer the soldier’s
-saddest hour. I have formed quite an agreeable acquaintance with
-the clerks of the boat, who manifest much interest in my future welfare.
-We have just passed the mouth of the Arkansas river, and I
-do not remember to have seen a single farmhouse for a distance
-of many miles, that indicates competency or convenience.</p>
-
-
-<p class="p2"><i>17th.</i>—After a most delightful trip of five days we arrived at the
-great City of the South, and are now encamped on the “Battle<span class="pagenum" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</span>
-Ground” of the memorable 8th of January. We are almost deluged
-in water and mud, as it has rained almost every day since we left
-home. Having pitched our tents, several of us not particularly delighted
-with our new quarters, sought more congenial lodgings in
-the city, where we have remained ever since, but shall rendezvous
-and proceed to camp in the morning. In relation to my visit to the
-city, I shall not particularize except to say, that I delivered a letter
-of introduction kindly given me by a friend, and was joyfully recognized
-and received.</p>
-
-
-<p class="p2"><i>18th.</i>—In pursuance of appointment, several of us met next
-morning at the Lower Market, negotiated with some Spaniards to
-take us in their sail-boat to the encampment, and were soon under
-way. Having arrived, we were forced to wade from the river to
-our tents, nearly to the knees in mud and water. We were truly in
-a sorry plight.</p>
-
-<p>Some of the more enterprising in camp have greatly improved
-their condition, by laying cordwood in the bottom of their tents.
-Our condition is rendered more insupportable from the fact that the
-“Barracks” are so short a distance from us, presenting so much of
-comfort. We truly envy the regulars.</p>
-
-<p>On the afternoon of the same day we received orders to strike
-tents and prepare for embarkation, which we joyfully obeyed.
-About midnight five companies were economically stowed under
-the hatches of the ship Gov. Davis. Our vessel, together with the
-Partheon, also containing Indiana troops, was soon towed onward
-to the Gulf.</p>
-
-
-<p class="p2"><i>19th.</i>—We entered the Gulf next morning, and started upon our
-course with a fair wind, which, however, was of short duration. It
-soon commenced raining, and while I write, head winds impede our
-progress. Sea sickness and low spirits prevail. I have not yet
-been affected by the former, but am by no means realizing the
-pleasure trip, which some of my friends anticipated. If they could
-spend a night in the hold of this crowded vessel, they would not
-dream of citron groves or perfumed bowers.</p>
-
-
-<p class="p2"><i>20th.</i>—In view of bettering my condition last night, I sought new
-lodgings by climbing up under the seat of an inverted yawl, where
-I slept, or tried to sleep; for the seat was short, narrow and hard,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</span>
-as my bones can testify. It was also dark and stormy. The wind,
-rain, thunder, lightning, and creaking of the ship, as she heaved
-and surged through the billows, filled my mind with fear and anxiety,
-and kept me the whole night clinging to my narrow perching
-place. The sky is now clear, and wind fair, and the whole face of
-nature changed. We are gracefully gliding through the white
-spray, as it glitters in the sunbeams. The gorgeously tinted clouds
-are reflected upon the waves, in all the colors of the rainbow. This
-is the first time I have enjoyed a scene at sea, or fully realized being
-out sight of land. The undulating motion of the vessel, instead
-of making me sick, produces real pleasure. How exhilarating to
-feel ourselves riding up, up, and down, down with such regularity,
-fanned by the breezes that whistle through the sails!</p>
-
-
-<p class="p2"><i>21st.</i>—Last evening was spent in organizing a debating club
-from the soldier fragments of the Caleopean Society, together with
-several new members. Grave and powerful speeches were made,
-and the question “Should the pay of volunteers be increased?”
-was discussed in a masterly manner. Arguments on both sides
-were unanswerable, and consequently unanswered. But as the
-exercises were got up more for amusement than improvement, they
-closed at an early hour, with a musical finale by the trio performers,
-who, with the captain of the ship, and others were convened upon
-the quarter-deck. We then stretched ourselves upon the deck,
-where we slept undisturbed, save when in the way of the sailors
-managing the ship.</p>
-
-<p>This morning there appeared to be a general depression of spirits
-among the Greys. Complaints were heard from many who before
-had not been known to murmur. Our quarters between decks
-are truly unenviable, and the heat and stench almost insupportable.
-We had a fine treat to-day for dinner. The captain of the Greys
-had the good fortune to capture a young shark. It was very acceptably
-served up in the form of chowder. The wind is rather more
-favorable than it has yet been, but our progress is still slow, and it
-is the general opinion, it will be several days before we arrive at
-Point Isabel. Another and myself spent a portion of the afternoon
-upon the quarter deck reading plays from Shakspeare, after which
-we were all richly entertained in listening to the glowing descriptions
-of Napoleon and his marshals by Headley.</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</span></p>
-
-
-<p class="p2"><i>22d.</i>—We have now fair wind, and are making fine speed. This
-morning the reading party was broken up by the fantastic gambols
-of a shoal of porpoises. This was quite an incident, and was
-hailed with much pleasure by the ennui-burdened passengers. At
-noon we found by the altitude, that we were but six hours’ sail from
-Galveston, and but half way to our destination. The captain says
-if the wind continues favorable, we shall, however, reach there in
-two days. I have felt gloomy and low spirited all day; owing, I
-suppose, to our uncomfortable situation.</p>
-
-
-<p class="p2"><i>23d.</i>—This has been a miserable day. I do not think I ever
-spent one more unhappily. In fact, ever since I have been aboard
-this ship, I have had the blues most supremely. The crowd, the
-confusion, the dirt, the continual heaving of the vessel, and the dismal
-wo-begone countenances, of companions, are well calculated to
-fill the mind with reckless despondency.</p>
-
-
-<p class="p2"><i>24th.</i>—We are now lying at anchor five miles from Brazos Santiago.
-About 8 o’clock, last night we witnessed the affecting sight
-of a burial at sea. It was indeed a thrilling scene. The moon
-and stars shone in all their brilliancy, as if indifferent to human
-woes. The body of the dead wrapped in his blanket—the soldier’s
-winding-sheet—was brought upon deck. A few words of consolation
-to friends composed the ceremony, and the body was lowered
-into the quiet deep, food for the “hyenas of the ocean.” I never
-shall forget the foreboding pause of the vessel, or the awful splash
-of the corpse as it fell into its watery grave. With sad emotions
-awakened in my bosom, I lay down upon the quarter-deck, and
-was ruminating upon the blighted hopes of this unfortunate youth,
-when I was aroused by an approaching storm. I sought shelter in
-the hold, but the crowd, the heat, the stench and the groanings of the
-sick, rendering it almost insupportable, I soon went aloft, preferring
-death by drowning to suffocation. The rain had ceased, but having
-lost my blanket, I was forced to take the wet deck and make the
-best of it. We shall have to remain on the vessel anchored in the
-offing, until conveyed ashore by steamers, to procure which the
-general and staff have just started in a long boat.</p>
-
-<p>It is grateful, under any circumstances, to have friends, but how
-much additional pleasure it gives to find them among strangers.
-To find one here and there, who can sympathize with us in misfortune,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</span>
-and feel interested in our welfare, when we least expect it,
-is calculated to give us better views of humanity. My thoughts
-were directed to this subject by the kindness of one of the mates of
-the ship. One day, when I was sitting in a rather musing mood,
-he introduced himself by familiarly accosting me with “Frank,
-how goes it?” After some conversation on matters of present interest,
-he inquired how I came to volunteer. I explained to him
-some of the causes. Among others I told him the “Spencer Greys”
-was an independent company formed several years ago, and chiefly
-composed of young men of New Albany. They had attracted much
-attention by the splendor of their uniform, their prompt and accurate
-movements in the drill, and their superior skill in target firing.
-They had won many prizes from neighboring companies, and thereby
-gained a celebrity, as possessing all the requisite qualifications
-to meet the foe, providing courage, that essential quality in a soldier,
-was not wanting. The call went forth for volunteers, and the inquiry
-was naturally made, “Where are the Greys?” To say nothing
-of the many motives that may prompt, pride to sustain the
-reputation already gained was sufficient for most of us. Our company
-was filled up, and we reported ourselves in readiness to the
-governor, and were duly accepted. Here my new friend was called
-to supper, and upon declining to accompany him, he kindly insisted
-I should receive a package of finely flavored cigars, upon which I
-can regale luxuriously.</p>
-
-
-<p class="p2"><i>25th.</i>—We are still waiting in the most painful suspense and
-anxiety, for transportation ashore. For my own part I have made
-up my mind to bear everything like a philosopher. I entered upon
-this campaign, expecting to meet with privation and suffering; and
-judging from the past I am likely to realize my expectations. But
-trifling officers, and our very unpleasant situation on this filthy ship,
-are distresses that most of us overlooked in our calculation. Hereafter
-I am resolved to take everything easy, and complain as little
-as possible. Surfeited with bacon and hard mouldy bread, and in
-consideration of the frequent invitations from the mate to eat with
-him, I went to the steward, and negotiated for one dollar a day to
-take my meals at the table of the ship. After dinner I was beckoned
-to the lower cabin by my friend the mate, where he brought forth a
-rare collation, upon which we feasted like epicures. He opened his
-chest and showed me many curiosities from China, Java, and other<span class="pagenum" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</span>
-foreign countries. He also furnished a list of clothing, handkerchiefs,
-paper, pencils, and lastly his hammock, and begged me to
-take freely anything that would contribute to my comfort, as it
-would give him great pleasure to share with me. I declined receiving
-anything upon the ground that I was well provided, and
-could not carry his hammock, upon the comforts of which he so
-fully expatiated. I did, however, accept a superior cedar pencil,
-and warmly thanked him for his kind offers. He tells me he is a
-native of Boston, and a brother of Thayres, who is interested in the
-Boston and Liverpool line of steamers.</p>
-
-
-<p class="p2"><i>26th.</i>—We are spending another Lord’s day in a heathenish
-manner. There are very few among us who spend the day differently
-from other days. We have not yet heard from our officers.
-Most of us have ceased to make calculations upon the future. How
-strangely is man subject to fluctuation of feeling!—with what suddenness
-the mind can fly from pleasure to pain! Last night I realized
-this in its fullest sense. I was seated astern luxuriating under the
-influence of a fine cigar, (thanks to my new friend,) and for the first
-time witnessed a clear sunset at sea. It was one of the most glorious
-scenes I ever beheld. The whole western sky was illuminated
-with the most gorgeous colors. The refulgent sun slowly sinking
-into the liquid blue until nearly immersed, sank at once, and a dark
-mist shot upward in his pathway to the clouds, which still retained
-their variegated tints. The whole scene was sublimely beautiful,
-and filled me with a joyful enthusiasm. The sea breeze, and the
-graceful rocking of the ship contributed to the effect. At such a
-moment how sweet is the thought of home, and the pleasures we
-long to share with loved ones left behind! These alluring reflections
-led me at length to a vein of melancholy, and produced a complete
-reaction in my whole feelings, which harmonized well with the
-changed and threatening aspect of the gathering clouds. We have
-just been thrown into a state of intense excitement by the arrival of
-a steamer which has taken three of our companies. The rest will
-remain till morning.</p>
-
-
-<p class="p2"><i>27th.</i>—According to arrangement, the steamer arrived this morning,
-to transport us to the island. During the bustle of transfer,
-we were attracted to the stern of the ship, where the sailors had
-caught a shark, on a hook baited with bacon. Soon a great crowd<span class="pagenum" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</span>
-was collected, many climbing over the bulwarks and among the rigging
-to witness the captured fish. He was at length harpooned and
-shot, but was so large we could not conveniently bring it on board.
-Just as we were leaving the ship an affray took place between the
-steward and one of our men, which was soon participated in by the
-mates, and many of our party. Several blows passed, pistols were
-presented, and for a time serious consequences were feared, but the
-trouble was soon settled, when the mate understood the circumstances
-of the case. It appeared that one of our men and an officer
-claimed the same piece of ice, each one persisting in having bought
-it of the steward, to whom it was at last left to decide. He declared
-in favor of the officer and gave our man the lie, &amp;c. Then came the
-knocks. But as I said before, everything was soon adjusted, and we
-separated with perfect good feeling. As we shoved off the mates
-and crew (steward excepted) leaned over the bulwarks, and gave
-us three hearty cheers. We landed at Brazos Santiago about noon,
-having had several hard thumps as we passed the reefs.</p>
-
-
-<p class="p2"><i>28th.</i>—Yesterday about dark we pitched our tents, and ate our
-suppers, after which many of us proceeded to the beach, and enjoyed
-the luxury of sea-bathing. The convenience here for this
-refreshing operation cannot be surpassed. We waded out on the
-reefs and turning our faces to the shore, received the angry surges
-upon our backs, or facing them again could see one after another
-coming at regular distances, roaring like a cataract fall, and with
-foam and spray, dashing onward, like a white plumed army rushing
-to the charge. In regular succession they swept over our heads.
-We were all highly delighted with the novelty of the scene, which
-may be enjoyed, but not described. After rising this morning, the
-first thing was to repeat the exercises of last night, which greatly
-refreshed us, and sharpened our appetites for the morning meal.
-The scorching rays of the sun came down upon us “doubly distilled
-and highly concentrated;” the effects of which are, however, greatly
-counteracted by the sea-breeze. The thermometer stood yesterday
-at 90°.</p>
-
-<p>The island is about 3¹⁄₂ miles wide, and very prolific in oysters,
-clams, crabs and fish. It may be compared to a sand bar occasionally
-diversified by little mounds, which are moved about by the
-storms that visit it. I am told that not long ago several families
-were destroyed by one of these dreadful tempests. One of our<span class="pagenum" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</span>
-officers, when walking along the beach the other day, unconsciously
-trod upon the exposed body of a man partially decayed, that two
-weeks ago was buried six feet in the sand. I am informed that the
-1st Indiana regiment will leave for the Rio Grande in two days.
-If this be the case, our stay here will not be long. There are about
-5000 troops here, most of whom will leave before us. We are in
-fine health and spirits, and continually congratulating ourselves,
-upon our escape from the detested ship.</p>
-
-
-<p class="p2"><i>31st.</i>—I have spent the last two days in running about, and in
-writing letters to my friends, one of which I shall here embody in
-my journal, as it contains all that has transpired since my last date:</p>
-
-<p>“Having already delayed too long, in hopes of sending you some
-news, I will commence at once, as your facilities for obtaining the
-truth are not much better than mine. There are so many conflicting
-rumors continually floating about the camp, and orders arriving daily
-purporting to be from <abbr title="general">Gen.</abbr> Taylor, that we are getting to believe
-nothing, and to make as few calculations upon the future as possible.
-I shall therefore send you nothing in the news line that I don’t
-think correct.</p>
-
-<p>“The 1st and 3d Indiana regiments left yesterday for the Rio
-Grande, the mouth of which is eight miles down the beach. From
-thence they will be taken by steamboats up the river. We expect
-to start on to-morrow. Some say we will stop at Barita, and others
-at the head-quarters opposite Matamoras.</p>
-
-<p>“I am sitting upon the sand and writing this, while some of the
-boys are cooking, others washing, and some enjoying the luxury
-of a sea bath, hunting shells, oysters, &amp;c. We would all present a
-novel appearance, could you see us now. I sometimes almost lose
-my own identity. The sudden change of occupation and associations
-affects us all.</p>
-
-<p>“The health of the company is good, and all are making the best
-of everything. We have but two or three sick, and they are recovering,
-except one, and he is very low. He has been prevailed
-upon to accept a discharge, and will return home in the first vessel.
-He is a good fellow, and all of us regret to part with him.</p>
-
-<p>“General Lane has just returned from an interview with General
-Taylor, bearing orders for us to leave in the morning. Another
-election in our regiment for Colonel will take place this evening,
-and, if possible, I will send you the result.</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</span></p>
-
-<p>“The day before yesterday another and myself obtained permission
-to visit Point Isabel. We accordingly set out early in the morning.
-After crossing the Brazos in a sail-boat, we first visited the hospital
-containing the sick and wounded of the 8th and 9th. The rooms
-were large and airy, and everything characterized by cleanliness
-and order. It is an affecting sight for an American to behold his
-countrymen wounded in carrying out the demands of his government,
-to see them with their legs and arms blown off, rendering
-them ever afterwards incapable of enjoying active life. I was surprised
-and delighted with the patience and good humor they exhibited,
-and with what good feeling the infantry and dragoons
-joked and rallied each other. The first instance was brought about
-by my addressing one of them with, ‘My friend you do not look
-much like a wounded man.’ Said he, ‘I wasn’t much hurt, but
-that man sitting on my right, belongs to May’s dragoons, who have
-so immortalized themselves. He was shot all over with six pounders.’
-The one pointed out pleasantly rejoined. ‘You are jealous
-because we fought harder than you did.’ Then turning to us he
-continued: ‘Yes, the infantry got into a difficulty and cried,
-“come and help us;” that was enough, so we rode up and saved
-them; now they envy us our distinction.’ ‘No we don’t,’ replied
-the other, ‘no we don’t. We know you did all the fighting.
-Uncle Sam could not get along without you.’ ‘Do you see,’ said
-the dragoon, still addressing us, ‘how they try to take away our
-laurels? I will not talk with my inferiors. You know our privates
-rank with their orderly sergeants.” We then passed on to others,
-who freely answered all our questions. They are all convalescent
-with the exception of one prisoner, who was shot in both legs. One
-leg has been amputated, and it is supposed the other will have to
-be, and that he will not be able to survive the operation. From
-here we proceeded to the armory, and were shown some copper
-balls taken in the late battles. We then visited Major Ringgold’s
-grave. It is enclosed with a wooden fence, the rails of which are
-filled with holes, so as to admit musket barrels. These form the
-palings, the bayonets serving as pickets. Two boards painted
-black serve for tombstones. The newly made graves of volunteers
-were scattered around, with no names to distinguish them. Thus
-we realize all their day-dreams of an unfading name. We then
-retraced our steps towards the quartermaster’s depot, stopping at<span class="pagenum" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</span>
-intervals to speak with the regulars, who were very courteous and
-patronizing, evidently feeling their superiority.</p>
-
-<p>“At the outer edge of the entrenchments, we passed by a party of
-Mexicans. We could not but exclaim, ‘Are these the people we
-came to fight against?’ You can form no idea of their wretched
-appearance, without thinking of the most abject poverty and ignorance.
-They had brought hides to sell, on carts with wooden
-wheels, drawn by oxen with a straight stick lashed to the horns for
-a yoke. Having arrived at the quartermaster’s, we were shown
-some pack saddles, and camp equipage taken in the two battles. I
-never was more disappointed with the appearance of a place than I
-was with Point Isabel. The government houses are built principally
-like barns with canvas roofs. There are in the place only
-three or four old Spanish huts, with thatched roofs; the rest are
-tents and canvas covered booths. <abbr title="captain">Capt.</abbr> Bowles has been elected
-Colonel by about 100 of a majority. We start for the mouth of the
-Rio Grande to-morrow at daylight.”</p>
-
-
-<p class="p2"><i>Aug. 1.</i>—As I stated in the foregoing letter, W. A. Bowles of
-Orange County is now our Colonel elect, Captains Sanderson and
-Reauseau being the opposing candidates. I shall here refrain from
-speaking of the present defeat, but I am well assured that Sanderson
-was honestly elected at New Albany; and yet losing one of
-the company returns, was enough to break the election, although
-the clerks were willing to swear that Sanderson had a majority!
-How we have been gulled and led about by a set of political demagogues,
-who, regardless of the fearful responsibility, have forced
-themselves into positions they possess no qualifications to fill, with
-a hope thereby to promote their future political aggrandizement. O!
-shame on such patriotism!—According to orders early this morning,
-we took up the line of march for the mouth of the Rio Grande, stopping
-only to prepare to wade the lagoon. Having arrived, we
-pitched our tents to await transportation.</p>
-
-
-<p class="p2"><i>19th.</i>—By way of relating what has transpired in the last two
-weeks, I will copy a letter to two of my relatives, containing most
-that I would have journalized.</p>
-
-<p>“I received your letter, and under no circumstances could it
-have been more acceptable. The company left the mouth of the
-Rio Grande on the 3d inst., except one of the lieutenants and myself,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</span>
-who were sent up the day before with eight men, to guard the
-commissary stores. We arrived at this place, Camp Belknap, fourteen
-miles below Matamoros, in the night, and remained on duty in
-the rain and mud with no shelter for twenty-six hours. When the
-regiment arrived, we exchanged the duty of sentinels for that of
-pack horses. We carried our baggage and camp equipage, nearly
-a mile through a swamp, into the chaparel situated on a slight
-elevation or ridge. It is universally admitted that a chaparel cannot
-be described. I shall therefore attempt it no further than to
-give some of the outlines of its character.</p>
-
-<p>“At a short distance it is indeed beautiful, resembling a well
-cultivated young orchard. Upon a near approach we find the
-largest trees do not exceed in size the peach or plum tree. These
-are very crooked and ill-shaped, with pinnate leaves somewhat resembling
-the locust. They are called musquite trees, and are scattered
-about at irregular distances. The intervals are filled up with
-a kind of barren-looking under-growth, which meets the branches
-of the former. Prongs of this bush, with sharp steel-colored
-thorns, shoot out in all directions, commencing just above the surface
-of the ground. The rest of the chaparel is composed of all
-kinds of weeds, thickly interwoven with briars, and interspersed with
-large plats of prickly pear and other varieties of the cactus family.</p>
-
-<p>“I am conscious I have not done this subject justice. My powers
-of description are inadequate, and in order to have a full and clear
-conception of a chaparel, you must see and feel it too. Two days
-occupied in clearing it away, preparing for an encampment, will
-give any one a clear idea of its character. The expression so common
-with us,</p>
-
-<p class="poetry">
-All bushes have thorns<br />
-All insects have horns,<br />
-</p>
-
-<p class="p0">is almost true without exception. Even the frogs and grasshoppers
-are in possession of the last mentioned appendages.</p>
-
-<p>“Our encampment is beautifully situated upon a grassy ridge,
-bounded in front by the Rio Grande, opposite Barita, and in the
-rear by a vast plain bedecked with little salt lakes. Now if you
-think this a romantic spot, or that there is poetry connected with
-our situation, you need only imagine us trudging through a swamp,
-lugging our mouldy crackers and fat bacon, (for we are truly living
-on the fat of the land,) to become convinced that this is not a visionary
-abode, but stern reality. I have yet encountered but little<span class="pagenum" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</span>
-else than sloughs, thorns, and the ‘rains and storms of heaven,’
-and consequently have not appreciated the clear nights and bright
-skies of the ‘sunny South.’ At present we have finer weather, and
-it is said the rainy season is nearly over.</p>
-
-<p>“I hope that by speaking freely of things as they are, I am not
-conveying the idea that I am discontented. Notwithstanding the
-attractions of home, and the greatness of the contrast when compared
-with these scenes, I never yet have regretted the step I have
-taken. We sometimes think it hard to bear with the ignorance and
-inattention of our field officers. The badly selected ground and
-our frequent want of full rations may possibly not be attributable to
-their ignorance and neglect, but they are certainly the ones to whom
-we look for redress. Other regiments around us better officered,
-fare very differently. I visited another corps the other day, and to
-my surprise found that they had for some time been drawing an excellent
-article of flour, good pickles, and molasses. This was the
-first time I knew that such things could be obtained, except from
-the sutlers, who charged seventy-five cents per quart for the last-mentioned
-article.</p>
-
-<p>“The more I see of our boys the stronger is my impression that
-a better selection could not have been made. Our messmates are
-all well chosen, and had we no other difficulties than those incident
-to a soldier’s life, a happier set of fellows could not be found. The
-plans we form to enliven, not only succeed with ourselves, but
-attract other companies. Our quarters are frequently sought by
-them, to listen to our music, and look upon our merry moonlight
-dances.</p>
-
-<p>“I am sometimes struck with the patience and philosophy exercised,
-even while performing the humiliating drudgery of the camp.
-In my own case I do not know whether it is owing to my selection
-of companions or not, but I have never realized the exhaustion and
-fatigue a description of our manner of procuring water and provisions
-would indicate. I have just returned from one of these
-expeditions, and will here give you a faithful description of the
-schemes resorted to, in order to lighten our burdens. Another and
-myself set out with two iron camp-kettles swung upon a tent pole.
-Walking about half a mile up the ridge, we came to the crossing
-place—the narrowest place of the slough, which ebbs and flows
-with the tide. This is unfit to drink on account of possessing the
-essence of weeds, distilled by the combined action of water and<span class="pagenum" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</span>
-sun. In this clime he trifles not, but sends his rays down with
-earnestness and energy. Well, after struggling through the tangled
-weeds with water nearly to the waist, we in due time arrived at the
-bank of the river, dipped up our water and sat down to rest. We
-found but little inconvenience in getting water from the stream, as
-it was filled to the top of its banks. The country here of late has
-been almost inundated. The oldest residents say such a flood has
-not been before for thirty years. If there is fatigue in going with
-empty buckets, you may readily conceive what is the effect of filled
-ones returning. The pole was kept continually twisting by the
-swinging motion of the kettles, it being impossible to keep them
-steady on account of the irregularities of the road. The difficulties
-of the journey were greatly augmented by the depth and tenacity
-of the mud, which kept us plunging about, and to our great consternation,
-causing us to spill the precious liquid.</p>
-
-<p>“From this description you may think we had a cheerless trip.
-It was not so. All was characterized by good humor. We started
-out crying the lead, ‘a quarter less twain,’ until we exhausted the
-vein; then turning military, the command was given, ‘guide right,
-cover your file leader, left, left, left,’ &amp;c. The novelty of the
-scenery and <em>genial influences</em> of the sun,—for I know of no other
-cause,—gradually excited our minds as we proceeded through the
-quiet wave, and inspired us to more noble and exalted demonstrations.
-Glory became the subject of our song. Touching quotations
-from the poets, and inflamed, impressive recitations, from ardent,
-patriotic orators and statesmen, were resorted to, expressive of the
-high aspirations with which we set out upon this glorious campaign.
-We then in lower tones spoke of the realization of these day-dreams.
-With feelings thus awakened we continued our wade. As we approached
-the land, whether it was owing to a sensitive feeling upon
-the shoulders, a general physical debility, the interesting associations,
-or the lulling murmur of the ripples in our wake, I pretend
-not to say; at any rate ‘a change came over the spirit of our dreams.’
-Our minds reverted to the pleasing recollections of home. The
-departed shades of good dinners, and clear, cool refreshing drinks,
-rose before us, seducing our appetites from coarser fare. Thus ended
-our trip, which, from our own reflections, and the ludicrous contrasts
-of the present with the past, wound up with the heartiest merriment.
-Safely landed, we drained our boots and proceeded to tent <abbr title="number">No.</abbr> 1.,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</span>
-where the water was received by our thirsty messmates with countenances
-expressive of joy and satisfaction.</p>
-
-<p>“The day before yesterday we lost one of our comrades, John
-Lewis, who died from the effects of measles. Not one, to my knowledge,
-taken down here with this disease has ever recovered. He
-was the second in size in the company, and possessed a powerful
-frame and a strong constitution. We gave him a soldier’s burial.
-We have obtained discharges for all our sick who are dangerously
-ill. There is but a small chance for recovery here. The disease
-may be partially overcome, but to regain strength, when but little
-reduced, is almost impossible. I don’t wonder that our hospitals
-are full when I think of that dreadful slough. For my own part
-I was never blessed with better health. Ever since we landed at
-Brazos, I have not in a single instance failed to report myself fit for
-duty, at roll call every morning. None have escaped better. The
-boys say I look so much like a Mexican in complexion, you would
-hardly recognize me. I cannot say much about my face, as I seldom
-get a sight of it, but my hands look very much the color of a new
-saddle. You would be surprised to see the bronzing effect of the
-sun upon our finger nails. This climate suits my constitution admirably,
-you therefore need give yourselves no uneasiness about
-my health.</p>
-
-<p>“I do think I never had anything diffuse joy more suddenly
-through my heart, than did the arrival of your letter. I had just
-returned from wading the slough, loaded with provisions, as the
-company was going out on four o’clock drill. I was wet to the
-waist, and worn out by heat and over exercise. I perceived one
-of the lieutenants beckoning to me with a paper in his hand. As
-soon as he attracted my attention, he threw it on the ground, and
-hastened to join the company, which was marching to the parade
-ground. I seized it, and without changing my clothes read it over,
-and over again. It was soon spread among my friends, that I had
-received a letter, and congratulations from all were showered upon
-me. I read the expression, ‘Home; that word is dearer to you
-than ever,’ which met with a hearty response.</p>
-
-<p>“The camp is continually agitated by rumors brought in by our
-scouting parties. The other day the regiment was ordered out, our
-effective force computed, and ammunition distributed, on account of
-one of these reports.</p>
-
-<p>“You say you often wonder what I am doing. I will give you<span class="pagenum" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</span>
-our daily order of exercises. We are aroused at daylight by the
-reveille, and have a company or squad drill for two hours; after
-which eight men and a sergeant, or corporal, are detailed for guard.
-Company drill again at four o’clock and regimental at five. The
-intervals are filled up in getting wood, water and provisions, cooking
-and washing. Hunting parties go out sometimes and kill fowls,
-cattle, wolves and snakes. One day last week mess <abbr title="number">No.</abbr> 14 served
-up for dinner a rattlesnake seven feet long. There are many things
-I should like to write, but having already spun this letter to an outlandish
-length, I conclude by thanking you for the attention and
-consolation you have given my dear mother. The affectionate
-regards of my brothers greatly encourage me. I am writing this
-lying on the ground, with my paper on my blanket, and with noise
-and confusion around.”</p>
-
-
-<p class="p2"><i>31st.</i>—If our spirits are depressed, and loneliness and ennui pervade
-our feelings, when in good health, how much greater must be
-the discontent and gloom that weigh upon us when sick? Nothing
-could be more unenviable than my situation for the last two days.
-Last Thursday we moved our encampment about a mile further
-down the river, below the slough, upon the ground formerly occupied
-by the 2d regiment from Kentucky. The heat, rain, violent
-exertions and other causes combined, have brought upon me the
-prevailing disease of the season. I have suffered from accompanying
-headaches and fever. My condition has been much ameliorated
-by the kind attentions of officers and men. These examples of
-generosity are teaching me gratitude, but I place myself under obligation
-as little as possible.</p>
-
-<p>If any one should wish to fully appreciate home with its endearing
-associations, let him imagine himself a sick soldier, with his
-body protected from the ground only by the thickness of his blanket,
-a coat or knapsack for a pillow, and the hot scorching sun beating
-through his crowded tent. And in the intervals of a burning fever,
-should his aching bones find repose in sleep, and in dreams</p>
-
-<p class="poetry">
-“Friends and objects loved<br />
-Before the mind appear,”<br />
-</p>
-
-<p class="p0">yet how fleeting are all earthly joys! The company on the right
-must be drilled. He dreams again. He meets in fond embrace the
-object of his purest affections, and is about to snatch a warm kiss<span class="pagenum" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</span>
-of welcome. That detested drum. Complain not. The sentinels
-must be relieved. I can write no more now. My head grows
-dizzy.</p>
-
-
-<p class="p2"><i>September 2d.</i>—Last night the whole encampment was thrown
-into the most intense excitement, by a row which broke out between
-two companies of Georgia troops, who were embarking on the
-steamer Corvette for Camargo. The combatants were principally
-Irish, and fought with their characteristic determination. Although
-we were some distance from the river, we could hear distinctly the
-blows, and demoniacal yells of the rioters, which were truly appalling.
-The conflict continued for two hours, during which several
-were killed, and wounded, and quite a number terribly bruised,
-and others were knocked overboard and perhaps drowned. Colonel
-Baker, of the 4th Illinois regiment, marched on board with twelve
-men, and demanded peace. He was himself attacked by four men
-with bayonets, which he warded off with his scabbard, at the same
-time defending himself with his sword, from the attack of the Irish
-captain, and succeeded in disabling him, by thrusting his sword
-into his mouth, and cutting open the whole side of his cheek. A
-savage yell was immediately heard from the mob, and the report of
-a pistol, which was aimed at the brave colonel’s head. He fell
-badly wounded, the ball entering the back of his neck, and coming
-out of his mouth. Then came the cry, “Help, your colonel is
-shot,—they have killed Colonel Baker.” This was too much, and
-we made a simultaneous rush for our arms. Colonel Bowles ordered
-out five companies, the Greys among the number,—and in five
-minutes we had a line formed around the boat, and the riot quelled,
-before the Illinois regiment had arrived. The exposure of last
-night has quite laid me up to-day, although the captain of the guard
-called me from the ranks, and sent me to my quarters long before
-morning.</p>
-
-<p>This has been a solemn day. We had two burials, and it is
-thought Colonel Baker will not recover. The whole day has been
-occupied in the court martial, which has resulted in sending the
-officers engaged in the riot, under arrest, to General Taylor, who is
-now at Camargo.</p>
-
-
-<p class="p2"><i>7th.</i>—I am as well as ever again, and on duty. The regiment
-has just been mustered by Captain Churchill, for two months’ pay.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</span>
-I have been gloomy and low-spirited all day. When I reflect upon
-my situation here in contrast with that at home, I can hardly realize
-that I am the same person. Everything appears like a dream, and
-I almost believe I am acting a part in which my own character is
-not represented. I am thrown among the temptations of camp, but
-do not think the effect will be demoralizing, or its impressions lasting.
-The more I see of vice and dissipation, the firmer I believe
-a moral and virtuous life constitutes the only sure guarantee of happiness.
-If permitted to return home, I shall better appreciate its
-blessings, be a better friend, a kinder brother and a more dutiful
-son. The more I know of the world, the higher value I set upon
-friends. Oh! how sweet to enjoy their society, and feel the capacities
-of the affections filled with congenial objects! Here I have
-nothing to love, no one who knows my heart, or understands my
-feelings. When I recall the impressions of mind under which I
-volunteered, I have a presentiment that an unhappy fate awaits me.
-I doubt whether a warm heart or a flowing soul is a source of more
-pleasure than pain to its possessor. * * * *</p>
-
-
-<p class="p2"><i>14th.</i>—Two others and myself have just returned from a visit to
-Matamoros. Three or four days since we left the camp in company
-with several of the officers, on board the steamer Whiteville. They
-were going to draw pay. The captain of the boat was quite disconcerted
-to see so many of us (nearly twenty in all), coming on
-board. Having got under way he still insisted he could not accommodate
-us; that he had no right to stop for us, and that our orders
-from the quartermaster were nothing to him. After much debate
-in relation to provisions, starvation, &amp;c., we settled down, and
-made up our minds for the worst, which was bad enough, to say the
-least. The boat lay-to at night on account of fog and the serpentine
-windings of the river. We stopped twice to wood on the way.
-The ranchos along the banks are principally owned by the rich,
-who live in the cities. General Arista’s crossing was the first place
-we stopped. There are here about half a dozen thatched huts, and
-about twenty “peons” employed in cutting wood, and hauling it on
-carts with wooden wheels. Quite a number of us went ashore and
-distributed ourselves among them. I went to the farthest hut,
-where I was greatly amused by the little urchins. They were running
-around the yard perfectly naked, notwithstanding the rain was
-pouring down in torrents. I approached the house which contained<span class="pagenum" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</span>
-one man, two women and three or four children. They all arose,
-and made the kindest demonstrations for me to enter. I declined,
-at the same time pointing to my muddy feet. They signified “never
-mind the mud,” and I walked in and seated myself upon a bench.
-One of the females furnished me with a cushion to sit upon, covered
-with cloth of their own weaving, which was fringed and ornamented
-with the brightest and most showy of colors. We could understand
-each other very well upon some subjects, such as the various articles
-of clothing, and the prices of the different materials. Everything
-in the room was of the roughest construction. The fire was placed
-at one end of the room upon a floor, which was of the most primitive
-order. An aperture in the roof served for a chimney, which
-but partially performed the agency. They were destitute of chairs
-and bedsteads. Hides spread upon the ground constituted their
-beds, an arrangement admirably adapted to prevent injury upon the
-heads of children, caused by falling during the dreamy hours of
-sleep. I was greatly pleased with the two women, and with one
-especially. She appeared to belong to a higher station. She was
-apparently about twenty-one, and looked very differently from any
-of the sex I had yet seen in that region. Her forehead was high and
-intellectual, her countenance was animated and intelligent. In her
-ears were large golden pendants, which contrasted strangely with
-the rude furniture around. Her beautifully delicate hand did honor
-to the glittering jewels encircling her tapering fingers, which were
-gracefully entwining the hair of her companion seated by her side.
-Perhaps my preference for one was induced by the approving
-glances from her “large, dark, eloquent eyes.” She had smoothed
-for me the cushion, and flattered me with her looks, and I being in
-a frame of mind rather susceptible to kind attentions, my vanity was
-very naturally somewhat excited. They were both attired in the
-simplest manner. A white chemise, and skirt girded around the
-waist with a yellow silk sash comprised the whole arrangement.
-Their small beautiful feet were not cramped in stockings or shoes,
-or their ankles hid with a skirt too long. Their bosoms were not
-compressed in stays, or mantled in cashmeres, but heaved freely
-under the healthful influences of the genial sun and balmy air of the
-sunny south. I approached the mat where they were sitting, and
-took the hand of a little girl, and touching the shoulders of my
-favorite, I pointed to the child and asked if it was hers. She shook
-her head, and looked intelligibly towards her companion. I then<span class="pagenum" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</span>
-took up the child in my arms and pointed to the “States,” as if I
-would take it home with me. They both snatched the child with
-great fondness, exclaiming “no, no, no,” to the infinite amusement
-of the men who came around me, making every demonstration of
-gratification and good will. At this interesting crisis the steamboat
-bell summoned me, and by running at full speed I arrived just in
-time, while one of the party less fortunate was left behind. He
-was greatly frightened, and plead earnestly, but his supplications
-were in vain. The captain said he could walk across the country,
-and get to Matamoros before we would. I would almost willingly
-have exchanged situations with him.</p>
-
-<p>We at length arrived at Matamoros, having been in sight of the
-town for five hours before we landed. The river is so crooked that
-there are landings on different sides of the city. We registered our
-names at the Exchange Hotel. This is a two story brick building
-with a flat roof, and an open court in the centre. It was formerly
-the Mexican custom house. Our sleeping room was the one through
-which two cannon balls had passed, during the bombardment from
-Fort Brown. The next morning we rose early and visited the
-market. The building is about twenty-five feet high, supported by
-columns and arches. The whole interior is divided into stalls,
-where can be bought meats of all kinds. The outside is reserved
-for vegetables and varieties, sold from mats spread upon the ground,
-by women with half-clothed figures, and disheveled hair, presenting
-an appearance uncouth and repulsive. Bread, milk, pies and
-hot coffee are sold in large quantities.</p>
-
-<p>I was surprised to find so many Mexicans still residing in the
-city. And was still more surprised to find the alcalde and police
-officers performing their respective duties, and all the municipal
-laws enforced as formerly. The alcalde, however, receives instruction
-from Colonel Clark.</p>
-
-<p>The dress most common for the women I have already described;
-I will, however, mention that they never wear bonnets, but throw a
-scarf ingeniously over the head and shoulders. The young men
-dress with much taste and neatness, and most of them possess fine
-figures. They generally appear in white, and instead of suspenders
-they wear around the waist sashes of various colors. The bottoms
-of their pants are of enormous width. Some, more showy than the
-rest, wear blue over the white, with the outer seam left open to the
-hips, and buttons down the side. The hat, which is made of straw<span class="pagenum" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</span>
-or wool, and often covered with oil-cloth, has its peculiarities. On
-each side and about three inches from the top, are fixed little silver
-knobs in oval plates. The bands are often made of gold or silver.
-My thoughts and feelings while passing through the streets, were
-in keeping with the novelty of my situation. Suddenly thrown into
-a foreign city, where everything presented an appearance so dissimilar
-to anything I had ever seen, I was constantly surprised into
-expressions of wonder and curiosity. The side walks are so narrow
-but two persons can walk abreast. The houses on the principal
-streets are built generally of brick, with flat roofs, brick floors in
-the first story, and open court yards in the centre. Those in the
-less frequented parts of the city, are made of slabs and stakes driven
-into the ground, the intervals filled with mud and straw, and thatched
-with palmito.</p>
-
-<p>One of the most distinguishing characteristics of this people is
-their insatiate thirst for gaming. It amounts almost to monomania.
-Play seems to be the sole occupation of a large portion in this place.
-Crowds of both sexes may be seen at almost any time in the streets,
-and on the banks of the river, betting on their universally favorite
-game “monte.” The hotels, restaurants and coffee-houses are
-infested with gamblers from all nations. Those boarding at the
-Exchange follow their respective games, with all the dignity that
-characterizes the professor of law or medicine. Many of them are
-very showy in their appearance, courteous in their manner, and
-agreeable in their intercourse. To the volunteers, they are attentive
-and obliging, always ready to give them any information or
-advice, and ever ready to rid them of any extra dimes they may
-wish to hazard upon their games. It would doubtless surprise any
-of our good merchants at home, to witness the unceremonious rancheros
-entering their stores, leading in their favorite mustangs after
-them,—a general practice here. But it is time I should close this
-prosy description. It would be an endless task, should I attempt
-to relate all I saw and heard in the church, in the hospitals, and
-especially the never-to-be-forgotten incidents on the lower plaza,
-and at the fandango.</p>
-
-<p>Just before we unexpectedly embarked for the camp, our attention
-was attracted by music, and a crowd, following a company of
-rope dancers. We were informed that they came in every Sunday
-afternoon, and performed at three o’clock. The party consisted of
-three men and one woman on horseback. They were gaudily<span class="pagenum" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</span>
-dressed, very much after the manner of our circus riders, but, if
-possible, more grotesque and showy. The music consisted of a
-clarinet, a drum and a kind of ophicleide painted green and red.
-The pompous cavalcade, supported by the motley crew of men,
-women and children, making every gesticulation of delight, presented
-truly a rich and ludicrous scene. About this time the
-steamer Corvette rounded to with a load of sick volunteers from
-Camargo, for the general hospital, and as we expected to leave
-immediately, we hastened on board.</p>
-
-<p>I never in my life regretted so much to leave any place after so
-short an acquaintance. I was just becoming familiar with the city,
-and the next night promised much. That by the way. I went on
-board without a murmur, and was soon on my way to the camp.</p>
-
-
-<p class="p2"><i>20th.</i>—This day has opened upon me fraught with new cares and
-responsibilities. This is my twenty-first birth-day. My country
-can now fairly claim my influence in sustaining her laws, and supporting
-her institutions. When an American youth enters upon the
-stage of political life, he should endeavor fully to comprehend the
-genius of its government, and the high and glorious privileges it
-imparts. His freedom of thought and right of suffrage place him
-far above, in point of privilege, any other people, and secure to him
-blessings not enjoyed by any other nation under heaven. In view
-of the inestimable rights he enjoys, how great are his obligations!
-How carefully should he endeavor to avoid party influences; and
-remain firm in noble principles, in spite of the deluding sophistry of
-heartless demagogues. As he approaches the ballot-box, that
-sacred guarantee of liberty when unabused, let him pause and reflect
-whether he is acting from impulse or the dictates of reason. I
-am now twenty-one! We all look forward with interest to the period!
-We expect, and we anticipate, and how often, during the flow of
-buoyant thought, we map out the way to future greatness. My
-feelings are so fluctuating, my anticipations so frequently unrealized,
-that no result can be very unexpected. From this candid and free
-expression of my feelings, I do not wish to convey the idea that I
-am disposed to find fault with the world, or with the organization
-of society, but only to indicate more clearly the constitution of my
-mind with native sources of unhappiness.</p>
-
-<p>In looking back over a few years in which I have mingled some
-in society, I cannot say I have derived no pleasures from the past,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</span>
-that I have seen no bright spots, or enjoyed no valued objects. It
-would be base ingratitude were I to disclaim participation in some
-delightful scenes where sympathy and affection warmed kindred
-hearts. Was this more than balanced by painful reaction?</p>
-
-<p>The frequent brooding upon saddening subjects, pride, and, I
-may add, a sprinkling of patriotism, will, to some extent, account
-for this day finding me a soldier upon the borders of Mexico. It is
-time I should leave this subject. I drop it at once to recount some
-of the events of the day.</p>
-
-<p>Yesterday we were visited by a strong north-wester, so common
-to the season in this latitude. It blew so hard that the water from the
-Gulf was driven up into the sloughs, causing a swelling from the little
-salt lakes of which I have before spoken; but to-day we have a
-clear sky and a calm breeze. After breakfast this morning, I went
-to the sutlers, and bought a large box of sardines and some claret,
-as a little treat for the mess. Our captain and lieutenants were
-invited to partake, and toasting my birth-day, they all wished me
-success. I spent the night until tattoo, in writing these random
-reflections, and in thinking what a contrast the associations of to-day
-will present, when compared with three preceding anniversaries
-of my birth-day.</p>
-
-
-<p class="p2"><i>October 5th.</i>—For the last two weeks nothing has transpired
-worthy of note. The time drags heavily when waiting for orders.—<abbr title="colonel">Col.</abbr>
-Lane’s regiment has moved up to Palo Alto, seven miles from
-Matamoros. General Lane still drills our regiment, as our colonels
-are both sick, and one gone home. Yesterday I wrote a letter, and
-will copy it in part.</p>
-
-<p>“* * * * * It is Sunday evening, and just about the time
-you are returning from church in the afternoon. I fancy I can see
-the friends convened in your front room. I often think of your
-parlor. At this time what a different scene our camp presents
-from that of the drawing-room! Instead of handling gloves, fans,
-or parasols, our boys are engaged in brightening their arms and
-equipments, to surprise the regiment this evening on dress parade.
-I am sitting in tent <abbr title="number">No.</abbr> 1, and writing this epistle upon a box that
-some of the boys have picked up at the commissary’s. While
-speaking of the mess I will pronounce a short eulogium. It is the
-only one, with perhaps one exception, that has undergone no
-changes since we left home. We have had no difficulties, but have<span class="pagenum" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</span>
-lived together in uninterrupted harmony. We now number six,
-one of our mess having been discharged. What a place this for
-the study of human nature! Points of character that at home lie
-concealed from every one, are here developing every day, and consequently
-much change of opinion in relation to character. Even
-one’s own self changes views respecting one’s self, in regard to the
-natural disposition, motives, and impulses of action. The more I
-see of a soldier’s life, the stronger is my conviction that there are
-worse evils to be feared than those of the battle field. A retrograde
-in morals or a total loss of moral principle, is incalculably worse.
-Take young men, who, from their position in society at home, are
-excluded from the haunts of strong temptations and the greater
-vices, and for the most part you will find them moral from habit,
-rather than fixed principles, and a clear discrimination between
-right and wrong. O! how many such will be wrecked and ruined
-in this campaign!</p>
-
-<p>“I am daily realizing the force of that old adage, ‘we know not
-what we can do until we try.’ If any one had told me only a few
-months ago, that I could with impunity, sleep upon the ground in
-the open air, and rise at reveille in the morning, and drill two hours
-before breakfast, I should certainly have been at a loss to know of
-what kind of materials he thought I was made. Yet these I do
-almost every day, and so accustomed am I to a soldier’s couch, I
-seldom think of a softer bed. Then, there is poetry in reposing
-under the direct gaze of the moon and stars, which, like guardian
-angels, superintend, while the watchful sentinel guards around.
-<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Apropos</i>: we do have some of the finest nights you ever witnessed.
-The moonlight is so clear and bright, we easily see to read by it.
-And then what a range for the imagination. How plainly do happy
-meetings, delightful visions of love and sympathy, rise before us.
-Under such pleasing emotions we sink into the most refreshing
-slumbers, which are only disturbed by the <em>musical mosquitoes</em> or
-<em>industrious ants</em>. I close this epistle. The drum calls to parade.”</p>
-
-
-<p class="p2"><i>31st.</i>—The only apology I offer for such a distance between dates,
-is the absence of anything worthy of relation. I have occupied a
-part of the interim in writing letters, and as they contain the little
-of incident transpiring, I will copy another in part.</p>
-
-<p>“As a good opportunity presents itself to send you a few lines, I
-will avail myself of it, although it is very disagreeable to write with<span class="pagenum" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</span>
-a strong northerly sweeping over, blowing sand and dirt in the eyes,
-and covering the paper. I received your last letter, and I assure
-you it gave me great pleasure to hear you were well, and partially
-resigned to our separation. I waited for it so long, I had become
-used to disappointment, and thought myself partially hardened and
-indifferent, but it has awakened anew all my anxieties. How lonely
-and melancholy it makes me feel to see others around reading epistles
-from their friends, while I am apparently forgotten and uncared
-for. Indeed, these reflections are sources of much unhappiness.
-Do not think from these expressions, that our condition is worse
-than previously. It is greatly improved since the many unfavorable
-accounts you have heard from us. There is not now one among
-us confined to his tent, and everything goes on as well as a soldier
-could expect. My brothers can form no idea of the encouragement
-and gratification they afforded me by their assurances of interest and
-regard. I can conceive of no incentive to action greater than to
-gain their affection and approbation. Assure them of my kind
-remembrances. I feel this separation will only tend to bind us
-closer together, if we are ever permitted to meet again.</p>
-
-<p>“As the armistice has not yet expired, I cannot with certainty
-inform you of our future movements. If the war continues, we expect
-to move towards Tampico, where we expect active service, a
-glorious end or a wreath of laurels. General Patterson deems it
-no mark of disrespect to the Indiana troops, that they have not been
-pushed forward, nor will it affect our reputation. Our hospital has
-recently been greatly enlarged and improved. Our stock of medicines
-is very low, but fortunately the camp was never in a healthier
-condition. Cease your care for me and bestow your sympathy upon
-a needier object. The sick soldier with a hard bed and burning
-fever, has a stronger claim upon you. Forget him not.</p>
-
-<p>“I commenced this letter intending to send it immediately, but
-shall not be able to do so for a week or two.”</p>
-
-
-<p class="p2"><i>10th.</i>—I transcribe here a fragment of a letter to my sister “——.
-I do think you have used me shamefully, by not noticing one of
-my letters, and I have a great mind to fill this whole sheet with
-scoldings. I left home as you know, with but few associates. I
-have no friends of my own age with you, that I have any claims
-upon, or from whom I have a right to expect any favors. But from
-you I expected much, or at least I felt assured you would not forget<span class="pagenum" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</span>
-me. How much I have been disappointed, you yourself can judge.
-Your inattention becomes more unpardonable, when I think of the
-many subjects of interest you have to write about. If you would
-just give a list of the friends who have called upon you, within the
-last week, or fill a page with the innocent sayings of the little ones,
-it would be hailed by me as a God-send in this dreary place. I
-am beginning to feel quite like an old soldier, and ‘forward, march,
-guide left,’ and other phrases of the drill are becoming as familiar
-as if I had spent years in the service. We have had quite an excitement
-in relation to moving, for the last two weeks. General
-Lane has received orders to hold this regiment ready to march at
-an hour’s notice. Ever since he has drilled it twice a day. The
-Tampico fever and rage for Monterey have abated, but still the
-general keeps up his two drills a day. The paymaster was here
-last week, and paid off all save three companies,—ours one of them.
-The money gave out. The health of the company is better than
-ever, and we do have some of the greatest jollifications you ever
-heard of. We get a couple of violins, and do up dancing to their
-music <i lang="es" xml:lang="es">à la Mexicana</i>. You would deem it a rich treat to hear the
-promptings, and attempts at Spanish, which some of the boys have
-picked up in the neighborhood, at the various fandangos. We
-sometimes have half the regiment about our quarters. The captain’s
-marque, like his shop door at home, is the emporium of anecdote
-and humor.</p>
-
-
-<p class="p2">“<i>15th.</i>—Lieutenant Cayce has just arrived from among you, and
-has enriched us all. How shall I express my gratitude, for the
-kind favors you have shown me? The shirts from my dear mother
-came just in time. And although the expression of Falstaff,—‘I
-have but a shirt and half to all my company; and the half shirt is
-two napkins tacked together,’ was not true of us generally, yet I
-assure you my under ‘tunic’ answered mighty well to the half shirt.
-Your letter, and those of other friends are thankfully received.
-This has been a happy day to us all, notwithstanding the north-wester.
-I now take a hasty leave. The bearer waits for this.”</p>
-
-
-<p class="p2"><i>21st.</i>—For the last two days we have all been busily engaged in
-preparing for, and in celebrating the fourth anniversary of the
-Spencer Greys, which came off yesterday in fine style. Our arms
-and equipments were all polished and whitened, in the best manner<span class="pagenum" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</span>
-our limited conveniences would allow. Our fatigue dresses were
-not so showy as our handsome uniforms at home, yet we made an
-imposing appearance, and attracted much attention, while performing
-some maneuvers of the fancy drill, upon our parade ground.
-One of the paymasters said it was the finest display he had seen on
-the Rio Grande. I am told that our general, in a burst of admiration,
-said, “I would rather command a regiment of such boys than
-be the president.” In fact we did ourselves great credit both in
-the field, and target firing. Above all the rest our beautiful flag
-was universally admired.</p>
-
-<p>It was a fine day, and everything appeared to good advantage.
-The sun once more shone forth with all his refulgence, which contrasted
-happily with the cold and dreary weather of the three or
-four previous days, during which a strong norther was sweeping
-over us, blowing down tents and covering everything with sand.
-But our birth-day anniversary was ushered in with an unclouded
-sky, and a complete change in the whole face of nature. The
-whole day proved an auspicious one, as the paymaster arrived and
-forked over our seven dollars a month. At night music and dancing
-were the order of exercises until tattoo, after which I took the
-arm of a messmate and strolled out upon the bank of the river,
-where we called up to our minds images of the past, spoke of home,
-and drew many interesting contrasts. The pleasures of memory,
-how varied they are! How inestimable are the faculties by which
-we can enjoy again, former pleasures, and happy unions of the past!
-I sometimes think that pleasures retrospective are purer than those
-of anticipation or realization. “How grand is the power of thought!
-My God! how great it is.” These reflections and our mutual interchanges
-of sentiment were at length interrupted by the sound of
-a guitar, which emanated from the sutler’s tent, to which we at
-once proceeded, and found quite a number of officers, listening to
-the laudable performances of our musical trio. We remained by
-invitation, until the party broke up, then returned to our quarters.</p>
-
-
-<p class="p2">“<i>23d.</i>—Dear M —— I have just returned from a visit to
-Point Isabel after letters. Most of the boys were paid for their
-pains, except myself. It is an anomaly to me that others around
-me are continually receiving epistles from their friends, while I am
-generally doomed to disappointment. The party consisted of five.
-After walking sixteen miles, we arrived at Brazos Santiago, where<span class="pagenum" id="Page_38">[Pg 38]</span>
-we were struck with the change everything presented. It appeared
-more like the levee at New Orleans, than the desert island on which
-we first encamped. The government has about one hundred and
-fifty teamsters and laborers employed, and whole acres are covered
-with baggage wagons and army stores. The harbor is filled with
-hundreds of vessels. Having regaled ourselves with a dish of
-oysters and clams, we took a boat and sailed to the point. We
-registered our names at the “Palo Alto House,”—repaired to the
-post office, and performed various errands for the boys. The next
-morning we witnessed the thrilling spectacle of the disinterment of
-the remains of Major Ringgold, for the Baltimore committee. The
-coffin was escorted to the quartermaster’s depot, by a company of
-regulars. Others formed a procession in the rear, and all marched
-to the tune of “Adeste Fideles,” accompanied by the roaring of one
-eighteen pounder. Having arrived at the destined place, the body
-was removed to a leaden coffin. It was so decayed we could form
-no idea of its form or features. After dinner we returned to the
-Brazos, and put up at the Greenwood Hotel. During the night
-there came up a tremendous storm, which swept over the island
-driving everything before it. It was quite amusing to see the barrels
-and hats, bounding before the gale. Even part of an old
-steamboat chimney was started, and rolled before the wind, faster
-than a horse could gallop, and was thus driven as far as the eye
-could see on the other side into the gulf. A bet was made upon
-the comparative speed of the barrel, hat and chimney—the hat won.
-Having finished our suppers, we repaired to the theatre. The
-Young Widow and Irish Tutor, composed the exercises of the evening,
-interspersed with songs and dances. Two or three of the characters
-were tolerably well sustained, and one of the mess remarked,
-‘It is as good a theatre as I want to go to.’ The storm continued
-during the performances with redoubled fury, and the tide coming
-up between us and our lodgings, we were forced to wade it against
-wind and sand, which lashed our faces unmercifully. The next
-morning we started for the camp, stopping by the way to pick up
-shells, which I will send you the first opportunity. The Tampico
-fever rages higher than ever, and our general is of the impression,
-we will not be here six days hence. * * * * * Messes <abbr title="number">No.</abbr> 1 and 13
-have this day united into one. We now think we are the <em>greatest
-mess alive</em>. Every one possesses some peculiarity of taste and disposition,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_39">[Pg 39]</span>
-that affords fun for the rest. Every meal is attended with
-the life and jollity of a public dinner.” * * * *</p>
-
-
-<p class="p2">“<i>22d.</i>—Dear Mother. The letter and clothing you sent me were
-gratefully received. You can form some idea of my health, when
-I tell you the shirts would not button at the neck by two inches,
-nor at the wrist without an effort. In the pants the boys say I look
-like a ‘stuffed paddy.’ Nevertheless they all answer the purpose.</p>
-
-<p>This has been quite an eventful day. In consideration of having
-no extra dinner on the day of our celebration, and this being the
-birthday of two of our boys, the combined efforts of messes 1 and
-13, were brought to bear upon the preparation of a sumptuous dinner
-for the company. Guests were invited, among whom were many
-officers of the brigade and regiment. Everything was got up in a
-style truly rich and rare. Cooking was done in a manner unsurpassable.
-Roast beef, fish, potatoes, peach pies and pound cake
-without eggs, constituted the principal dishes. Cigars and claret,
-were the accompaniments. Managers, cooks and waiters, all performed
-in their happiest way, in their appropriate departments, and
-our guests congratulated us upon the entire success of our efforts.”
-* * *</p>
-
-
-<p class="p2"><i>December 5th.</i>—We all thought yesterday, that last night would
-close our stay in camp Belknap, as we had received orders to embark
-on the first boat, for Camargo, and thence to Monterey. The
-joyous excitement this news diffused among us, surpasses any description
-I can give. In our company the whole night was spent
-in music and dancing. Our musicians acquitted themselves ably.
-Our captain and others joined in our merriment. I was on duty as
-corporal of the police, and as the officer of the day only ordered
-me to suppress all riots, and see that the lights were put out at
-tattoo, I did not think dancing included, so I joined in the festivities
-with an ardor that has rendered me to-day almost unable to
-walk, and my head aches as if it would split. “Those who dance
-must pay the fiddler.” We have just removed to the river, where
-we will await conveyance.</p>
-
-
-<p class="p2"><i>7th.</i>—Night before last seven companies of the regiment embarked
-for Camargo, leaving the two rifle companies and Spencer
-Greys for the next boat. We are detained in consequence of the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_40">[Pg 40]</span>
-captain refusing to go on the steamer Enterprise, as it is too small
-to be safe for three companies. So the Lanesville Legion took our
-place, it being a smaller company. We expected to start next
-morning, but have been disappointed.</p>
-
-<p>Last night we were thrown into great excitement by the alarm of
-an attack from the enemy. Just before dark the general and others
-thought they heard sounds of a bugle, in the chaparel on the Mexican
-side of the river, supposing them to proceed from the enemy.
-In consideration of our exposed position,—there being only one
-hundred and fifty of us, with but little ammunition, it was thought
-prudent to station a picket around the camp. The three companies
-were ordered out, and four cartridges apiece distributed, then
-marched up to be reviewed by the general. He told us what he had
-heard, and other causes which made our position a dangerous one.
-He urged the necessity of watchfulness, saying that we would never
-have so good an opportunity of showing what we were made of.
-Many other things he said, calculated to excite our attention, then
-dismissed us charging us to lay near our arms, and not be taken by
-surprise. We returned to our tents, and arranged everything, and
-lying as directed upon our arms, we made up our minds to do our
-best, if we were disturbed before morning. About two hours after
-midnight, we were suddenly aroused by a discharge of musketry
-from our outpost, and the cry, “to arms, to arms.” In ten minutes
-the whole three companies were at the general’s quarters.</p>
-
-<p>I think I know now the feeling one experiences while going into
-battle. My emotions this night I never shall forget. When first
-aroused I seized my musket and equipments, and rushed from the
-tent in the greatest excitement. The firing from the pickets, the
-universal rushing, hurry and confusion, the impatient cries of, “make
-haste, men; fall in,” etc., made me so nervous that doubtless for a
-few minutes, my words were unintelligible. After a short period
-of agitation everything was ready. As we were marching out to
-take our position, it seemed that this would be a wonderful night
-in my earthly career, and my fate was to be decided by my success
-in the coming conflict. I said within, be calm and do your duty.
-I aroused all my energy and decision of character. I then moved
-with an unwavering step, and would have given all my possessions
-to come in contact with the foe. Our men never marched better,
-dressing to the guide as it was shifted, with as much calmness as
-when on ordinary drill.</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_41">[Pg 41]</span></p>
-
-<p>Having formed our line in front of a dense chaparel, a party was
-sent out to reconnoitre. Here I had a presentiment that the enemy
-would not meet us; that this was not the night for our military
-laurels to be secured. Had we met the enemy in the field of battle;
-had we gained victory amidst adverse circumstances, how gratifying
-to ambitious desire that friends should read eloquent descriptions
-of our deeds of chivalry. Great was our anxiety while waiting for
-the return of the detachment.</p>
-
-<p>At length the party came; they reported to the general; the general
-addressed us in complimentary terms, expressing his unlimited
-confidence in our fidelity and courage. He dismissed us saying
-our only enemies here, the wolves, had retired to the chaparel.
-We returned to our tents crest-fallen, very few having a disposition
-to joke or laugh over this evening’s adventure.</p>
-
-
-<p class="p2"><i>10th.</i>—At last we have departed from camp Belknap. The place
-that a few months ago contained 8000 souls, is now without an inhabitant.
-I left this beautiful spot with mingled emotions of pain
-and pleasure. Here we had light duties, we had opportunities to
-hear from home, and other sources of comfort. On these accounts
-I confess I left camp Belknap with regret. But on the other hand
-it could be no longer said, they still remain away from active duties
-and scenes of glory. I thought of the upper camp and wonders
-in other lands. On these accounts I left our old encampment
-with feelings of delight.</p>
-
-<p>We transported ourselves, our camps and equipments to the river
-bank; but how heavily many an hour passed away before the
-arrival of a steamboat. We several times laid in provisions and
-cooked them for the trip, and several times we eat up our provisions
-before we started on our trip. It is said man is a poor economist
-in domestic matters, and indeed our conduct on this occasion
-seemed to prove it.</p>
-
-<p>Well, at last we are on board the steamboat Whiteville, the same
-upon which many of us went some time ago to Matamoros. Before
-its arrival the three captains drew lots for choice of quarters. Our
-captain was successful, and he selected the boiler deck. But the
-captain of the steamboat refused to let us occupy the place specified.
-His plea was “’Tis unsafe, the boat rolls so.” Accordingly all
-three companies were stowed away amidst the filth, noise and confusion
-of the engine room. O! ’tis revolting to the feelings of one<span class="pagenum" id="Page_42">[Pg 42]</span>
-accustomed to the decency and luxuries of civilized life, to be
-herded together like cattle in some dirty little enclosure, and there
-treated with the hauteur and chilling neglect of the most abject
-slaves. How the hot blood mantles my cheek when I look at our
-situation. “The boat rolls so!” A fine excuse truly! Other boats
-of no greater strength carry troops upon the boiler deck; yet <em>this</em>
-hireling says, <em>we</em> “have no more right there than his <em>firemen</em>.”
-Behold the sacrifices of the soldier! He forfeits his self-respect,
-his sense of right and wrong, his liberty of speech, his freedom of
-action, and his rank in society. All this for the public good, and
-what is his reward? Why, <em>one</em> ration a day, and <em>seven</em> dollars a
-month, the cold indifference of the hireling citizen, and of the avaricious
-or ambitious officer, holding in his hand the regulations of the
-Army. How many such officers when at home, in newspaper articles
-or public orations, give vent to fires of eloquence and of patriotism.
-They would shed the <em>last</em> drop of blood for their <em>dear</em> country!
-but they seem mighty unwilling to shed the <em>first</em> drop, or why
-don’t they shed a little reflection for the comfort of the poor soldier,
-or why don’t they shed out some of their big salaries for the advantage
-of those who have left firesides and friends for their <em>dear</em>
-country?</p>
-
-<p>So far as this government boat was concerned, it had this regulation:
-“No <em>private</em> shall enter the cabin, or be permitted to sit at
-the table,” the money or intrinsic worth of the soldier notwithstanding.
-Well, I have this consolation, that I have endeavored to show
-proper respect without <em>truckling</em> to office or power. In my intercourse
-and associations with officers, I have kept up appearances
-without blushing, at the inferiority of my living to theirs. As to
-the monthly pay of the volunteer, one of my messmates well expressed
-himself. “I hope Congress may not increase our pay to
-ten dollars, for I never can be paid with money for the wounds my
-pride has received.”</p>
-
-<p>By the above remarks let it be understood that I am not finding
-fault with the duties of the soldier. I am willing, God knows I
-am willing, to do everything in my line of duty. Nor am I opposing
-rigid discipline, for I hold that subordination is the life and
-safeguard of the army. Yet the soldier has rights that should be
-protected, and feelings that should be respected.</p>
-
-
-<p class="p2"><i>11th.</i>—We arrived at Matamoros this morning, before day. At<span class="pagenum" id="Page_43">[Pg 43]</span>
-sunrise, several of us went up to the city, but saw nothing worthy
-of notice. On my return, I stopped at the camp of the 4th Regt.
-Illinois Volunteers. There I heard with surprise, that my old friend
-<abbr title="sergeant">Sergt.</abbr> R. C. had been discharged on account of consumption. His
-brother sergeant of the same company had died just before at Camargo.</p>
-
-<p>About noon we shoved out and continued our serpentine windings.
-Soon after starting several of us took seats upon the boiler
-deck, determining not to be removed, when the captain approached
-and tapping me on the shoulder, beckoned me to one side. He
-pointed below to a wretched specimen of humanity, and remarked
-with energy, “Look there, sir! look there! Would you have me
-take such men as that into my cabin?” I replied, “must we all suffer
-from the imprudence of one man?” “That’s it! That’s it!” said
-he, laying his hand on my shoulder. “How can I distinguish? A
-whole regiment may suffer from the bad conduct of five or six men,
-and one may injure the reputation of a company.” “But,” said I,
-“if you had complied with the arrangements made, you would have
-run no such risks, nor brought down the indignation of us all. The
-Spencer Greys, sir, are gentlemen, and know how to behave themselves;
-but you say we have no more right here than your firemen.
-I tell you, sir, that if because we are volunteers, we have forfeited
-in your estimation all title to respectability, it argues that you have
-but little sympathy for us or the cause in which we are engaged.”
-I was much surprised to see the calmness with which he took this
-harangue, for it was delivered with much excitement. He at once
-attempted to defend himself, denying some things and explaining
-others, but his efforts were unavailing, for the narrowness of soul
-was still apparent. Here others joined us and took part in the
-conversation, when I soon after made excuse and left.</p>
-
-<p>About sundown we laid up for the night just above <abbr title="saint">St.</abbr> Marie.
-This little town is composed of several thatched huts, a neat little
-white brick house, and a large cotton press. I thought this could
-not be the enterprise of the natives, and sure enough, we found that
-the buildings were owned by a gentleman from New Orleans. I
-inquired his name, but have forgotten it. He sends his cotton into
-the interior to market.</p>
-
-<p>What fortunes might be made here in the cultivation of cotton.
-As we ascend the river whole acres of cotton may be seen uncultivated
-and going to waste. Occasionally a few of the indolent natives<span class="pagenum" id="Page_44">[Pg 44]</span>
-may be seen picking a little for their own use, and leaving the
-rest to rot upon the ground.</p>
-
-<p>The country now begins to assume a more favorable appearance.
-The river banks are higher, and the lands back not so subject to
-inundation. I have not seen any hills, or even more gentle undulations
-since we started.</p>
-
-
-<p class="p2"><i>13th.</i>—Yesterday and to-day the time has glided away more
-pleasantly than usual. Our officers called a meeting, and decided
-that we <em>should</em> occupy the boiler deck, and at night have as much
-of the social hall and cabin floor as is necessary to lie down.</p>
-
-<p>During the afternoon, in conversation with the captain of the boat,
-he spoke at length of the Mexican character, and gave me much
-information respecting the natural resources of the country. The
-conversation turned upon the war and its effects. Major Ringgold
-and Colonel Watson were spoken of. The captain appeared to
-have been acquainted with them both.</p>
-
-<p>At night we laid up as usual, when nine of us set out in search
-of a “fandango,” which we heard of in the neighborhood. After
-wandering an hour we found that we had taken a wrong direction,
-and commenced retracing our steps, when we were alarmed by the
-most unearthly yells apparently approaching us. The sounds proceeded
-from a party of young men mounted upon “mustangs,” on
-their way to the fandango. We stopped them and conversed some
-time by signs, and made known our wishes to accompany them.
-They now started ahead signifying to us to follow after, which we
-did, imitating their yell of “uh! ah! whoop!” and extravagant gesticulations.
-Soon they galloped off on their ponies beyond our
-hearing.</p>
-
-<p>Notwithstanding the discouragement, we resolved to proceed.
-The night was dark, and the chaparel was gloomy through which
-was our pathway. At a rancho we procured a guide, who moved
-reluctantly till we gave him a dollar. This made him bound ahead
-yelling like a madman. Now in the broad road, now in a circuitous
-path, through weeds and briars we followed on and on, until the
-guide paused and appeared bewildered. Had it not been for our
-resolution to attain our object, we should have turned back. The
-Mexican gaining confidence, so did we and on we went. Soon we
-came to another rancho, where we were beset by myriads of dogs,
-but like their owners they soon retreated before our charge. At length<span class="pagenum" id="Page_45">[Pg 45]</span>
-we arrived at our destination, where we were received with great
-courtesy by the men, but with fear and trembling by the women.
-They had evidently seen but little of the Americans, and doubtless
-our being soldiers increased their timidity. It was some time before
-they ventured to look upon our countenances, or enter into the dance
-with us without considerable reluctance. But our kindness and
-liberality soon gained their confidence, for after each set we escorted
-our partners to the table, where were sold cakes, hot coffee and
-cigarritas. Everything was in the open air. A large circle was
-formed with benches, and the dancing went on in the centre. The
-whole was dimly lighted by lanterns of oiled paper.</p>
-
-<p>Both sexes were dressed principally in white. Uncleanness in
-dress, is not one of the faults of the Mexicans, when we take in consideration
-their mode of washing. Without tub, without washboard,
-they rub their clothes on a smooth board, laid horizontally upon the
-ground beside the stream. Occasionally they take up water in the
-hand and splash the garment. Much might be said about the
-events of this night, but this book is filling up too fast already. I
-know not when I shall get another. Before we started we took
-leave by shaking hands with them all. It was quite interesting
-employment to pass down a line of thirty girls, squeezing their
-little hands. They certainly can say “Adios Señor,” with a
-smile and “naiveté” almost irresistible. We arrived at the boat
-precisely at twelve o’clock. To my surprise I found it was my
-night for guard, but it was not too late to perform my duties.</p>
-
-
-<p class="p2"><i>14th.</i>—Yesterday we passed Reynosa, but the boat not landing
-we saw very little of the place.</p>
-
-<p>This morning we got aground, where we were until evening.
-The Corvette, coming down, generously stopped and pulled us off,
-after breaking three large cables.</p>
-
-
-<p class="p2"><i>18th.</i>—Well, here we are at last, opposite Camargo on the banks
-of the San Juan. Through great patience and tribulation, we have
-at length encamped on the most disagreeable spot that might fall to
-the lot of a soldier. The sand ankle deep and kept in continual
-motion by the wind and constant traveling. It reminds one of the
-simoom on the desert of Sahara. Twice to-day I went to Camargo.
-First as bearer of an order for new canteens and haversacks; and
-secondly, for wild mules to be broken for baggage wagons. We<span class="pagenum" id="Page_46">[Pg 46]</span>
-only succeeded in getting five, but must draw the rest in the
-morning.</p>
-
-<p>Before I returned to the camp, I attended the funeral of an old
-Mexican lady, which to an American was a great curiosity. The
-procession followed the priest to the house of the deceased. He
-was attended by three little boys with long cylindrical poles of brass.
-The one in the centre bearing the representation of our Saviour’s
-crucifixion; the other two bore long wax candles. They were
-dressed in long frocks of red flannel, and something like white
-waistcoats, which were intended, perhaps, to represent wings. On
-the sides of the priest were two other boys, with a silver censer
-and a kind of pot with water and sprinkler. The shoulders of the
-priest were covered with a velvet mantle, richly ornamented with
-silver. Each one in the procession carried a long candle with a
-black ribbon in the middle. After remaining half an hour in the
-house, they proceeded with the corpse to the church, accompanied
-with singing and music from the flute and violin. The lid of the
-coffin was carried at one side, leaving the body exposed all the
-way. On the black covering of the lid, was a cross formed with
-white tape.</p>
-
-<p>In the church the coffin was placed upon a table covered with
-black velvet trimmed with silver lace, and a large silver candlestick
-at each corner. Immediately in front of this was another table
-decorated in a similar manner with lace, and having candlesticks.
-On this were skulls and bones lying. The room was handsomely
-furnished with images of Christ, the Virgin, and many of the saints.
-After lighting the candles they began chanting the service, accompanied
-by the flute and violin, which composed the exercises, and
-lasted more than an hour. The music ceased only while the priest
-sprinkled the corpse and moved over it the incense. They repaired
-at length to the grave-yard, still chanting and playing, while the
-chimes tolled their deep melancholy tones. At the grave what a
-sight to behold! The ground was strewed with skull bones and
-partly decayed remains of humanity. Every new grave they dig
-they disinter a body, though it is not necessary, to make room for
-another coffin.</p>
-
-<p>After a short ceremony the priest retired, followed by the boys.
-The coffin was filled with dirt, each one putting in some, and the
-lid was then nailed on and lowered into the shallow grave. When<span class="pagenum" id="Page_47">[Pg 47]</span>
-covered over, the soil was beat down with a large stone, and left
-level with the surface.</p>
-
-<p>As we came back we met another funeral escort, but unlike the
-first. The body was uncoffined, unshrouded, and unattended by
-the pomp of ceremony, or the lamentation of friends. The dead
-man was guilty of poverty. But the <em>last</em> may be <em>first</em>.</p>
-
-<p>Having returned to our camp we all entered upon the culinary
-preparation of four days’ provisions. To-morrow we shall, if ready,
-start for Monterey. If ready, I said; the mules must be shod, and
-broken in time for the harness. The right wing may leave us,
-which we all hope will not be the case.</p>
-
-<p>The reported deaths to-day of Mexicans in Camargo, was thirteen,
-mostly from measles. No wonder this disease is so fatal with Mexican
-treatment. When the malady is fairly broken out, they apply
-cold water and drive it in, and the consequence is, the patient is
-driven into the eternal world. I should like to speak of many more
-things which I have seen to-day, but the lateness of the hour, and
-my weariness will prevent it. I am now afflicted with the first cold
-since I left home. Two items more shall be mentioned. Another
-was received this evening into the mess; and it is said the needle-eyed
-soul of the Whiteville has been discharged from the captaincy
-for dissipation, and inattention to duty.</p>
-
-
-<p class="p2"><i>19th.</i>—Pursuant to arrangement, we set out to-day for Monterey.
-We were awakened before daylight, but we did not start before
-noon. Many of us have been in Camargo to-day, to obtain five
-more mules, and exchange flour for bread. Our haversacks are
-stored with four days’ provisions. Here is a list of eatables; 1st,
-bread; 2d, boiled pickled pork; 3d, coffee; 4th, salt. Soon we
-shall realize the fatigues and trials of a wearisome march. For my
-future perusal I shall give a minute description of the sufferings and
-incidents of our tedious journey.</p>
-
-<p>The road to-day was ankle deep in dust all the way, which nearly
-suffocated us. It arose so thick at times, that we could not see the
-company in front. We, however, kept up our spirits to the highest
-pitch. Bursts of merriment followed the glances and expressions
-of all. We were truly an antiquated looking group, with our locks
-and hair covered faces whitened with the dust.</p>
-
-<p>About sundown we arrived at our first encampment, having traveled
-nine miles. The 1st regiment of Indiana had started in the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_48">[Pg 48]</span>
-morning, and had already pitched their tents. The 3d regiment
-had gone ahead. I feel very tired with sore feet and aching bones.
-A cup of coffee has helped me somewhat.</p>
-
-
-<p class="p2"><i>20th.</i>—This morning I arose greatly refreshed, and ready to march
-twenty miles, the reported distance to Mier; but before night I felt
-very differently, and every step was exceedingly painful. My feet
-were badly blistered, and every sudden movement of my arms, was
-like the piercing of sharp instruments. These acute pains were
-occasioned by the straps and weight of my knapsack, which contained
-all I possessed. Fancy to yourself the burden I was bound
-to support. The cartridge box with forty rounds of ounce ball
-cartridges, bayonet scabbard and belts, the haversack of provisions,
-canteen with water, musket and knapsack. Let the stoutest carry
-such loads twenty miles through dust and hot sunshine, and I assure
-you they will gladly stop for the night. The straps of my knapsack
-bound me so tight, that I could scarcely breathe. The pain
-at times was so excessive that I became bewildered, and all things
-seemed to swim around me. But pride forbade complaint and I
-jogged on; while others, apparently hardier than myself, gave out,
-and had their burdens lightened. It was dark when we pitched
-our tents in sight of Mier. After much seeking, sufficient wood
-was obtained to boil our coffee, and give light for the writing of
-these notes.</p>
-
-
-<p class="p2"><i>21st.</i>—In the morning I felt greatly invigorated. I was quite
-disappointed in not getting a better view of Mier, a place that will
-long be remembered, in consequence of the awful tragedy which
-was acted there. Last night too much worn out to visit it, and this
-morning took unexpectedly a route that did not pass through its
-streets. Oh! the sufferings of the twenty-first. The sun shone
-with the power of July, and the dust how annoying! My nose so
-sore with blowing that I dare not touch it; and my lips so blistered
-that I cannot tell when they are closed. The heat, dust and salt
-pork made us so thirsty, and how we did suffer for want of water!
-So great was our thirst, that we drank largely of a pond covered
-thick with a green scum.</p>
-
-<p>Having trudged nineteen miles we arrived at Cannales’ Run,
-where we encamped for the night. Nearly overcome with the
-march, feet exceedingly sore, and so scalded with sweat, that they<span class="pagenum" id="Page_49">[Pg 49]</span>
-did not look like flesh and blood. But bathing them in cold water
-made them much better. After being seated a few minutes I was
-so sore and stiff, that it required almost a superhuman effort to move.
-But I kept up appearances, and did not acknowledge the extent
-of my fatigue. I had resolved to fulfil the prediction—“I can
-stand the march!” Great praise is bestowed upon us by the trains,
-saying we are the strongest regiment in the field.</p>
-
-
-<p class="p2"><i>22d.</i>—What an astonishing effect is produced by a few hours’
-sleep. Last night I stretched my aching, stiffened limbs upon the
-ground, and how refreshed this morning and ready to march twelve
-or fifteen miles to Point Aguda. My feet are becoming hardened,
-but after stopping it is some time before I can walk without great
-pain; but a little marching prepares me for jogging on better than
-ever. The march of the twenty-second would have been much
-easier had we not lacked bread. Just think, half a baker’s loaf at
-breakfast for eleven men, and no more till we stopped at night.</p>
-
-<p>Here we had a pleasant camp beside a clear running brook, and
-near a beautiful cascade, constructed of stone and cement, in order
-to turn the channel through the town. How pitiable is the indolence
-of the natives. Such natural advantages are neglected.
-What a mill seat is here; yet the poor women crush their corn between
-a stone roller and slab, in a barbarous manner upon their
-knees. What a lack of enterprise! Two companies of Ohio
-volunteers are stationed in this place.</p>
-
-
-<p class="p2"><i>23d.</i>—This is our fifth days’ march, and about one half way to
-Monterey. The 1st regiment keeps before, and discommodes us
-greatly by their train. This day I did very well. Feet getting
-well! Thanks to cold water!</p>
-
-<p>We pitched our tents near the old Spanish town of Ceralvo,
-which bears the impress of an antiquated fortress, and reminds one
-of the dilapidated castles we read of in romances. The houses are
-built of gray stone, with loopholes for windows. Through the
-centre of the town runs a beautiful clear stream, spanned by bridges
-and arches. There is also a large cathedral with chimes and a
-towering steeple. It is said to be 166 years old. Three companies
-of Ohio troops are stationed in this place.</p>
-
-
-<p class="p2"><i>24th.</i>—This sixth day’s march, the easiest of all. Feet nearly<span class="pagenum" id="Page_50">[Pg 50]</span>
-well, and bones don’t ache so grievously. The beautiful scenery
-by the way contributed to my ease in marching.</p>
-
-<p>It was not yet light when we left Ceralvo. As the rising sun
-cast his radiant beams upon the mountains on the left, I think I
-never beheld anything so beautiful and sublime. The whole chain,
-as far as the eye could reach, appeared like piles of burnished silver,
-shaded out in delightful golden tinges. I gazed upon this wonderful
-scenery with such exalted enjoyment, that I forgot the toils of
-my journey. How thankful am I, that in my heart are placed such
-sources of happiness. How majestic are the works of God! And
-what exhibitions are these of his Omnipotence! At length the
-mists of the morning were dispelled by the heating rays of the sun.
-Then in a short time what a change! Where the rich magnificence
-was displayed upon the mountain tops, were huge piles of rocks
-reaching up to the clouds. But still was left the imposing grandeur
-of the scene.</p>
-
-<p>At a creek about six miles from this encampment, we met an express
-from <abbr title="general">Gen.</abbr> Lane to <abbr title="colonel">Col.</abbr> Drake of the 1st, and to the <abbr title="lieutenant">Lt.</abbr> <abbr title="colonel">Col.</abbr> of
-the 2d Reg. The former was ordered back; eight of his companies
-to be stationed at Matamoros, and two at the mouth of the Rio
-Grande. I was thankful that ours was permitted to go on. How
-my sympathies were aroused in favor of the First. Many of them
-received our farewell with tears streaming from their eyes.</p>
-
-<p>The night of the 24th, we were uncomfortably encamped in the
-deserted bed of a river. There was no other water within ten
-miles. On a flooring of stones, our supper consisted of coffee and
-hard crackers filled with little black bugs. This, of course, was
-not very refreshing, after a hard day’s march.</p>
-
-<p>There is but little soil between this and Camargo worth cultivating.
-Scarcely a tree to be seen larger than the cherry. The
-soil is generally rocky and sandy, in some places having indications
-of iron. It produces spontaneously little else than burs, briers,
-thorns, and all varieties of the cactus. The prickly pear grows in
-enormous piles, more than six feet in height. The bank of this
-deserted channel is about forty feet high, composed of large gravel
-cemented together.</p>
-
-
-<p class="p2"><i>Christmas.</i>—What a contrast between my situation here to-day
-and that at home one year ago. The events of last Christmas I remember
-well; but here a year after, far away, encamped in the valley<span class="pagenum" id="Page_51">[Pg 51]</span>
-of the Sierra Madre, having marched all day with our flanks
-guarded by their stony peaks. I am on duty to-night, for which a
-fifteen miles’ march is a poor preparation. Everything is filled with
-romance. The sky unclouded, all bespangled with brilliant stars,
-and the silvery moon riding forth in the midst of this beautiful
-scenery.</p>
-
-
-<p class="p2"><i>26th.</i>—Having traveled sixteen miles this day, we encamped
-two miles beyond Marin, on the bank of a little river. We passed
-through the town of Ramus, which is said to be owned by Cannales,
-the celebrated robber. In Marin there is a fine cathedral and
-plaza. The houses of this town are built of stone and plaster of
-Paris, in which the country abounds. Notwithstanding my being up
-all night previous, I went ahead of the advanced guard all day. I
-thought I could get along better at my own gait.</p>
-
-
-<p class="p2"><i>27th.</i>—And now we are at the Walnut Springs; the celebrated
-battle-ground of Monterey! This has been a painful day’s march of
-twenty-five miles. In eight days and a half, have we performed
-our journey. No infantry ever performed the same distance in less
-time. Here we are, four miles from the city, at the camp of old
-Rough and Ready, who has just started with his command for
-Victoria.</p>
-
-<p>This is a beautiful spot, with towering peaks rising majestically
-all around. Here are the largest, straightest trees I have seen in
-the country, forming a beautiful shade. We were hurried on in
-consequence of an order to <abbr title="colonel">Col.</abbr> Hadden, from General Lane, stating
-that we were to continue our march to Saltillo, as Santa Anna was
-reported within two days’ march of that place. Then, we have still
-a march of sixty-five miles before us, having passed over one hundred
-and fifty already. After carrying heavier burdens than troops
-of other states, it may be supposed we were not very sprightly; yet
-I feel more able to travel on the next day, than I did on the third
-day.</p>
-
-<p>On that evening, being wearied, and having duties to perform, I
-did not write all that I wished. Much might have been said about
-the beautiful scenery that I beheld. After a hard day’s march it
-was quite unpleasant, of course, to hunt wood, carry water, and
-cook half the night for the next day. But, in the above instance,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_52">[Pg 52]</span>
-we had but little to cook, our supplies having not arrived from
-Monterey.</p>
-
-
-<p class="p2"><i>28th.</i>—Whilst striking our tents this morning, general orders arrived,
-granting a day’s respite, as the provisions could not be secured
-so soon. Instead of resting, quite a number set out to visit the
-city. It is truly astonishing how deceiving is the distance to the
-mountains. For three days we have been marching directly towards
-two mountain spurs, higher than their neighbors. After a day’s
-journey, they seemed no nearer than they did in the morning. The
-city was four miles off, yet beyond was a knoll that appeared no
-more than a hundred yards distant. The previous evening a number
-of us started for this prominence that we might gaze upon Monterey,
-but soon found out the deception and returned to the encampment.</p>
-
-<p>The more I examine and reflect about the numerous points of
-natural defence around the city, the greater my astonishment how it
-could be taken by our little army. But it is useless for me to attempt
-a description of scenes connected with the exciting action that was
-performed there. More interesting accounts than I can give have
-been published in numerous papers of our country.</p>
-
-<p>The first place of prominence which we visited was the cathedral.
-This surpasses all edifices of the kind I ever saw in splendor. The
-images are clothed and decorated with jewels and precious metals.
-Some of the smaller paintings are framed in solid silver. The music
-from the harp and deep toned organ is truly enchanting. We visited
-also the fortification, the bishop’s palace, and the market. The
-latter abounded in sugar cane, sweet potatoes and oranges of the
-most delicious flavor.</p>
-
-<p>Before our return I met one of our townsmen. He belonged to
-the Louisville Legion, who were stationed near Saltillo. His health
-was recovered, and by his invitation we visited his quarters, the
-hospital. There we saw other acquaintances pale and emaciated
-by disease. They grasped our hands with warmth and tearful eyes.
-It was a touching scene, and made us all thankful for the preservation
-of our health. Our friend accompanied us to our camp and
-showed the position of the troops, and manner of attack in the great
-battle. We were also much interested in inspecting an extensive
-tannery. It was so clean and convenient. There were enormous<span class="pagenum" id="Page_53">[Pg 53]</span>
-vats which were hollowed in the solid rock, and watered by a clear
-stream running through the yard.</p>
-
-<p>I am conscious I have not done justice to these subjects; but this
-evening I am so low spirited, that I cannot write anything with ease.
-My companions around are reading epistles from home, while I am
-destitute of such consolation. These are unavailing regrets. I
-must cease my complaints. Our provisions are come, and they
-must be prepared for to-morrow’s march.</p>
-
-
-<p class="p2"><i>29th.</i>—Before day-light we were up and making ready for Saltillo.
-As we passed through Monterey, much attention was attracted by
-our numbers and healthy appearance. Having traveled fifteen
-miles we arrived at the little town <abbr title="saint">St.</abbr> Catharine, situated near the
-mountain in the pass. It contains about five hundred inhabitants.
-Near us on the same route, are encamped three companies of regulars.
-I suffered but little from this day’s march; and felt that I
-could go twice the distance on the succeeding day, with as little
-suffering as I endured some of the first days.</p>
-
-<p>The garden of General Arista near Monterey, must have a passing
-notice. It certainly surpasses anything of the kind that I ever beheld.
-It is regularly laid out with taste and skill. The earth is
-raised about three feet above the walks. Here are flowers of all
-varieties and the most fragrant. On each side of the main path
-(which is made of plaster, white and smooth), are two large basins
-with fountains rising from the centre. But more beautiful still are
-two pools of water, the most limpid and transparent, in which may
-be seen myriads of the finny tribe. Then there is a clear cool
-stream flowing through white cement tunnels, throughout the whole
-garden. The shady groves of exotic fruits, the atmosphere laden
-with grateful perfumes, all conspired to make it a place of enchantment.
-Everything appeared so novel, so beautiful, that I almost
-fancied it the Garden of Eden.</p>
-
-
-<p class="p2"><i>30th.</i>—Here we are encamped in the plaza of Rinconida, after a
-most fatiguing march of twenty-two miles. The road was broken
-and rocky, and the wind blowing to the rear nearly suffocated us
-with dust. This town is built of mud, and is half way to Saltillo.
-To this the armistice extended. Rinconida signifies secure corner,
-and is in keeping with its name, being in the intersection of two
-ranges of mountains. It could be well defended by a small force.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_54">[Pg 54]</span>
-Tending to and from the town is a beautiful grove of trees, forming
-a shady archway above, and is interspersed with enormous century
-plants, the stalks of which rise from fifteen to twenty feet.</p>
-
-<p>Quite an excitement! Arrival of the Great Western, or, the
-heroine of Fort Brown. She has every appearance of an Amazon,
-being tall, muscular, and majestic in her expression. She won laurels
-at the bombardment from Matamoros. She issued out coffee to
-the men while the bombs were falling all around her.</p>
-
-
-<p class="p2"><i>31st.</i>—On the morning of the 31st, we were mustered for two
-months’ pay; then took up our line of march as usual. Owing to
-the well nigh broken-down state of our teams, we marched but
-twelve miles on the 31st. The road was hilly and dusty, but we
-arrived at our encampment in good time; the Greys being the advanced
-guard. This place is called the Warm Springs, from the
-temperature of the water. It is destitute of tree and bush, for miles
-around, that could be procured for fuel.</p>
-
-<div class="blockquot">
-<p class="right">
-“<i>Camp Butler, <abbr title="January">Jan’y</abbr> 1st, 1847.</i></p>
-<p class="p0">
-“<span class="smcap">Dear Sister</span>:—<br />
-</p>
-
-<p>“How shall I repay you for your very kind letter? You can never
-know how grateful I am for its cheering effects. In fact I never
-had so much need of consolation before, as we have just finished a
-long and wearisome march from Camargo through Monterey to this
-place. We are encamped in the dust, which, with the wind and
-cold, destroys every moment of comfort. Our wood is issued out,
-two cords to the regiment; but when it comes to be divided among
-the companies, then subdivided among the messes, it is separated
-into small parcels indeed. No wonder, then, after marching over
-two hundred miles, and passing through so many comfortable places
-where other troops are stationed, that we should feel disappointed
-in being quartered in this disagreeable place. The effect is visible
-upon us all.</p>
-
-<p>“We had been here but a few days when <abbr title="colonel">Col.</abbr> Bowles arrived from
-the States loaded with letters. My dear sister, if you could have
-seen with what eagerness we listened for the announcement of our
-names, and with what avidity we tore open the seals and devoured
-the contents, then you would have known how dear you all are to
-us, and how lively is the interest we take in the associations of our
-beloved homes. I am unable to say how often I have read your<span class="pagenum" id="Page_55">[Pg 55]</span>
-letter, but every time it appears new and interesting. Unto the
-never-to-be-forgotten friends who so kindly remember me, please
-give the assurance of my increased regard and warmest gratitude. Of
-my sincerity I promise to convince them if we are ever permitted to
-meet again. We are now amongst the foremost troops in the enemy’s
-country, having pitched our tents six miles from Saltillo on
-the high lands of Mexico, with a girdle of mountains around us.
-Through these there are three principal passes. <abbr title="general">Gen.</abbr> Wool’s division
-occupies beyond the city; two companies of Kentucky
-cavalry at Rinconida Pass; and two companies of the same regiment
-at the one on our left.</p>
-
-<p>“Our discipline here is very strict, as rumor of an attack is continually
-floating about the camp. Last night near midnight an express
-arrived from the city, with orders that a picket guard of
-thirty men should be stationed two miles from the camp on the road
-to the two passes, as a large body of lancers had been discovered
-in the neighborhood. But no further alarm has yet been given.</p>
-
-<p>“We arrived here on New Year’s day, just as the Louisville Legion
-and the 1st Ohio regiment, were returning to Monterey. We
-had many a welcome recognition of friends in the Legion, and
-many jokes on our bronzed appearance; and allusions made to
-brighter days, when we attended together military encampments,
-dinners and target shooting; little dreaming that such a meeting as
-this was in store.</p>
-
-<p>“Yesterday several of us visited a cotton factory not far from the
-camp, which is owned by a Scotchman, who conducts the concern
-with ability. There are fifty girls employed, several of whom are
-from the States. The machinery was imported from New York.</p>
-
-<p>“We have just received word to garrison the city, in place of
-General Worth’s division. Yesterday they started on their way to
-join General Scott. The 3d regiment has already started, so I
-must postpone finishing till we are moved.</p>
-
-
-
-<p>“<i>18th.</i>—During the interval between these dates, I have been so
-employed, that I have not been able to finish these notes. We
-have so many duties to perform, that there are few leisure moments
-indeed for writing. One hundred men are detailed from each of
-the Indiana regiments for guard; besides others to work on the
-fortifications. Last night our company was on patrol. We were
-up all night traversing the streets and alleys, and every suspicious<span class="pagenum" id="Page_56">[Pg 56]</span>
-corner in the city. But there is so much excitement connected
-with these duties, that we greatly prefer them to the monotony of
-camp life.</p>
-
-<p>“We are now pleasantly situated, having comfortable quarters and
-good provisions. The Greys sustain that character which they so
-proudly bore at home. Yesterday General Butler remarked to his
-aid-de-camp, while on brigade drill, that we were the finest volunteer
-company he had seen in the service. Our belts were perfectly
-white, and our arms brightly burnished, which made the contrast
-so perceptible.</p>
-
-<p>“The city of Saltillo is situated on the side of a hill. It has
-narrow streets and side walks, which are roughly paved with stone.
-The houses are built of stone and mud bricks, whitened over on
-the outside with plaster. They have flat roofs. The city boasts
-of two cathedrals, a nunnery and four plazas. In the centre of the
-plazas are fountains continually playing from the centre of large
-basins.</p>
-
-<p>“The church and plaza Santiago are truly magnificent, covering a
-whole square, and the front beautifully ornamented with columns,
-arches and statuary. In one steeple is placed a town clock, and in
-another a fine collection of chimes. The plaza, when viewed from
-the church, has an imposing appearance. The side walks around
-lead through arches supported by columns. There are groves of
-trees at regular distances, and fountains in the centre, spouting forth
-the sparkling liquid into the air, forming rainbows as it falls in
-copious showers into the basin below. But these beauties are but
-a scanty foretaste of the splendid magnificence that presents itself
-when you enter the church. I am incompetent to give a just description
-of its solemn grandeur. The paintings were truly beautiful.
-Hundreds of images were set in large cases of glass, and
-gilded niches richly clothed in satins and velvets, and decorated
-with silver, gold and precious stones. The altar in the sanctum is
-entirely overlaid with silver, as well as the candlesticks, censers
-and other appendages. The religious awe and superstitious reverence
-they have for these things are astonishing. As they pass the
-cathedral, they take off their hats. At morning, noon and night,
-the bells commence ringing, as if the whole town was on fire, and
-persons in the streets uncover their heads. Yesterday I saw a
-woman walking on her knees over the rough stones to church.</p>
-
-<p>“A portion of my leisure time is agreeably spent with some of<span class="pagenum" id="Page_57">[Pg 57]</span>
-my Mexican acquaintances. I have made some progress in acquiring
-their language. Yesterday I dined with them by invitation.
-The natives are moving from the city in great numbers, and every
-day increases the belief that the town will be attacked. About nine
-o’clock the other night, the whole city was thrown into an uproar
-by an expected attack. Great were the stir and confusion. As the
-long roll resounded from every guard station, the crowds of terrified
-citizens were seen hurrying to their homes, closing up their stores
-and barricading their doors. The fire was gleaming from the rough
-stones, as the galloping steeds were rushing to and fro. The cries,
-‘to your quarters, men, the enemy is upon us!’ added to the commotion
-and tumultuous disorder.</p>
-
-<p>“In a few minutes our little force was formed on the main plaza,
-and after an exciting appeal, were stationed at different points.
-There we anxiously awaited the assault, but waited in vain, and
-were soon disbanded, as the alarm was occasioned by the firing of
-the Mexican sentry upon convicts who were attempting to make
-their escape. It appears that Santa Anna had sent an order to the
-alcalde, requiring him to liberate the criminals, on condition they
-would join the army. This the alcalde refused to do; the prisoners
-finding this out, raised in rebellion, which caused our stampede.</p>
-
-<p class="right">
-“Yours, &amp;c.”<br />
-</p>
-
-</div>
-<p class="p2 right">
-<i>Camp at Agua Nueva, February 12th.</i><br />
-</p>
-
-<p>We arrived at this place, on last Saturday, to join General Taylor
-and Wool, who recently concentrated their forces here. It is generally
-believed that a movement is contemplated upon San Luis
-Potosi, or Zacatecas.</p>
-
-<p>It is quite cold in this elevated situation, and we have suffered
-exceedingly, especially within a few days. Last night was the first
-snow storm that I saw this winter. We use pitch-pine as wood,
-and chop it ourselves upon the mountains, six or seven miles from
-the camp, by the road.</p>
-
-<p>We now occupy the post of danger, and know not what is in
-store for us. So many reports have been in circulation, that we are
-almost indifferent to what we hear, no matter how startling it might
-appear. But if we march towards San Luis, we shall have what
-we have been so long craving—a fight. Recently I became sergeant,
-to fill the vacancy occasioned by Thomas Gwin being made<span class="pagenum" id="Page_58">[Pg 58]</span>
-sergeant-major. Being on guard to-night, these notes are written
-during the intervals of my duties; having a cold, and nursing my
-light, which is kept flickering by the howling wind without. It is
-nearly eleven, and time to awaken the second relief.</p>
-
-
-<p class="p2"><i>13th.</i>—Last night I was so cold and uncomfortably situated, that
-I was incapable of holding my pen, but I have commenced early
-this morning, hoping to finish before my companions start away.
-There was rain last night, and it don’t seem so cold at present, but
-the mountains are still covered with snow. This place is truly
-romantic, and presents some of the finest prospects I ever beheld.
-There is the extended plain, dotted with white tents, and the huge
-mountain piles around excite the loftiest sentiments. If the gorgeousness
-of the sunsets could be transferred to canvas, the painter
-might be called a wild enthusiast.</p>
-
-<p>Dear sister, in sending you this journal, I am actuated by the expectation
-of a long and perilous march. It is well to dispense with
-all superfluous weight. Please take care of this till I return, if I
-should be so fortunate. I know not whether to ask you to continue
-writing, as it is doubtful whether your letters would be received.
-I shall hasten to apprize you of our next movement. Remember
-me to all my friends, my mother and brothers in particular. My
-fingers are so benumbed that I cannot write any more.</p>
-
-
-<p class="p2"><i>28th.</i>—During last week, I have passed through so many thrilling
-scenes, that I am unable to describe them in regular order. Last
-Sunday we received orders to strike our tents and prepare to march.
-Before we had formed a line, and the command given, “file left,”
-the most of us were ignorant of our place of destination. But so
-soon as we commenced marching towards Saltillo, there was an end
-of discussion.</p>
-
-<p>Traveling about sixteen miles, we arrived at Buena Vista. After
-pitching our tents, we lay down supperless, for we had neither wood
-nor provisions. Scarcely had I fallen asleep, when the news was
-circulated that a mail had arrived. Soon after a letter was handed
-me from my friend Mrs. W., but, having no light, I was forced to
-postpone the reading till morning.</p>
-
-<p>We had scarcely finished our breakfast, when the long roll was
-beaten, calling us all to arms, as our picket guard had just arrived<span class="pagenum" id="Page_59">[Pg 59]</span>
-with the intelligence that the Mexican army was approaching.
-Having packed our wagon and formed a line, we were marched
-one and a-half miles towards the enemy, and stationed on a ridge
-just behind the narrow pass in which Major Washington’s battery
-was placed. There we waited the approach. The Mexicans had
-encamped the night before at Agua Nueva, causing the Kentucky
-and Arkansas cavalry, who were guarding some provisions, to destroy
-them and retreat in the night.</p>
-
-<p>We were greatly indebted to Colonel May and Captain M’Cullough,
-who rendered us much good service as spies. The intelligence
-which they brought caused us to leave the plains of Agua
-Nueva for a very strong and advantageous position.—Whilst we were
-awaiting the onset, I read Mrs. W.’s letter over and over again.
-It was encouraging, and afforded many topics for contemplation.</p>
-
-<p>Having remained in this position more than half the day, we were
-ordered over to another height on the left, near the foot of the mountain,
-where we were, during the night, occasionally receiving a
-shot from the enemy’s battery. (<a href="#img001">See Map, Letter D.</a>) Toward evening,
-the two rifle companies, from each of the Indiana regiments,
-commanded by Major Gorman, who were stationed on the left, upon
-the side of the mountain, (<a href="#img001">see Map G,</a>) were fired upon by an immense
-body of the enemy, who had also ascended the mountain.
-A heavy fire was kept up till dark, when all was silent, save the
-echoing of the enemy’s trumpets. I never shall forget the peculiar
-melody of those sounds as we lay upon our arms, hungry, and
-shivering with cold. It was a prelude to the awful din of next
-day.</p>
-
-<p>Before hostilities commenced, a flag of truce was sent by Santa
-Anna with dispatches to General Taylor, stating that he was here
-with twenty thousand men, and to save loss of blood, demanded immediate
-capitulation. General Taylor is said to have replied, “If
-you want us, come and take us!” It looked almost like madness,
-with an army of four thousand five hundred men, and sixteen small
-pieces of cannon, to compete with a force, which all our prisoners,
-and Santa Anna himself, agree in being twenty thousand men, and
-seventeen pieces of cannon—of which eight were sixteen and twenty-four
-pounders. What a fearful difference! Yet that small army of
-raw, inexperienced volunteers not only struggled against twenty
-thousand strong of the flower of the Mexican army, commanded
-by one of the ablest generals in the world, but obtained a complete<span class="pagenum" id="Page_60">[Pg 60]</span>
-victory. This I hold to be one of the greatest achievements
-upon record.</p>
-
-<p>Before I proceed further, I must confess my inability to give an
-accurate description of the whole action. The excitement and
-interest I experienced in what was passing immediately around me,
-occupied all my attention. I shall, therefore, for my future perusal,
-detail my own feelings and actions, together with what came under
-my own observation during the hazardous conflict.</p>
-
-<p>At sunrise, on the following day, the roaring of the enemy’s
-cannon announced the commencement of hostilities. A heavy fire
-was opened upon our riflemen upon the mountain, but they returned
-it in a handsome style. They were reinforced by a part of the 2d
-Illinois regiment and Kentucky cavalry, but still the odds were
-greatly against them. The whole mountain side, as far as the eye
-could reach, glittered with the enemy’s bayonets and lances.</p>
-
-<p>It was about nine o’clock in the morning when our regiment and
-a battery of three pieces, commanded by Lieut. O’Brien, marched
-out towards the battery which had been playing against us during
-the night and morning. We formed a line in front of three regiments
-of Mexico’s oldest soldiers (see <a href="#img001">Map O</a>). It was an awful
-moment to face the thousands of veterans in solid column, with
-their gaudy uniforms and showy banners. But we had no time for
-admiration; for, before our line was formed, they had fired two
-rounds, which we soon returned in right good earnest. I was at
-my post in the rank of file closers, and was urging the men to form
-in their proper places, when Captain Sanderson cried out, “Never
-mind, Frank, fire away!” which I did, with all possible haste.
-About this time, the battery on our left (see <a href="#img001">Map, Letters M, B</a>),
-opened upon us a deadly fire of grape, which raked our flank with
-terrible effect; still we stood front to front, and poured our fire
-upon the infantry, which did us but little injury, as they shot too
-high. But the battery on our left galled us exceedingly. It appeared
-as if we had purposely halted in their exact range, and the
-whole atmosphere resounded with the whizzing shot that came
-with increasing precision. Apollos Stephens was the first of the
-Greys to fall. He received a grape shot in the head, and fell back
-almost into my arms. O, how shall I describe the horror of my
-feelings? There lay quivering in death one of my comrades, with
-his eyes upturned, and the tears starting from them. It was a sad
-and touching scene—one that will never be effaced from my<span class="pagenum" id="Page_61">[Pg 61]</span>
-memory. I was loading when he fell, and compressing my lips,
-and smothering my emotions, I stepped over him and fired. Our
-captain was the next to fall, exclaiming “<em>I’ve got it, boys!</em>” A
-grape shot had struck his scabbard, which saved his life. Being
-ready to fire again, I stepped into a vacant place in the ranks,
-where I continued to load and fire without noticing anything around.
-The only thought I remember to have had was, “What a wonder I
-did not receive Captain Sanderson’s shot, as I was next to him
-on the same line! so the ball must have passed me before it struck
-him.” All was hurry and excitement, each working hard and doing
-his best. Occasionally a cannon-ball would whistle over our
-heads, or strike the ground near us, throwing the rock and dirt in
-all directions.</p>
-
-<p>We had fired about twenty-one rounds, when I heard some one
-say, “They are all retreating!” and turning, I saw that the right
-wing had gone, and the left starting. But several who had not
-heard Colonel Bowles’ order to retreat, cried out, “Halt, men! for
-God’s sake, stop!” At this, many of us hesitated; but the retreat
-was general, and the enemy fast advancing upon us, led on by a
-large force of lancers. At length, Lieutenant Cayre, then in command,
-remarked, “It’s no use, boys, to stay here alone; let <em>us</em>
-retreat!” which we did, with the balls raining around us, and the
-lancers at our heels. We rallied, by order, on the brow of the
-ridge from which we started in the morning, but were told to fall
-back upon the ridge on which we were first formed on the morning
-of the 22d. Here many of us met the Mississippi regiment of riflemen,
-who had just arrived from their quarters in town.</p>
-
-<p>The more I reflect upon our position in the opening of the conflict,
-the more I am at a loss to understand the policy of sending the
-2d regiment against such an overpowering force. We were three-quarters
-of a mile from any assistance, except that of the gallant
-O’Brien, who with his three little pieces did such great execution.</p>
-
-<p>Our field officers all deny giving the word retreat, and General
-Lane, they say, intended to charge. Had he given the word, the
-charge would have been made; but how dreadful would have been
-the slaughter of our troops. It is unprecedented in the annals of warfare,
-for eight companies to rush against a disciplined force of three
-thousand infantry supported by twelve hundred lancers. Had we
-remained fifteen minutes longer, it is thought not one half of us<span class="pagenum" id="Page_62">[Pg 62]</span>
-would have survived. Their battery was fast getting our exact
-range, and it is astonishing that so many of us escaped.<a id="FNanchor_1" href="#Footnote_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a></p>
-
-<div class="footnote">
-
-<p><a id="Footnote_1" href="#FNanchor_1" class="label">[1]</a> In justice to General Lane who, being ordered by General Wool to move
-forward and meet the enemy that were advancing in strong force, selected
-this point for their reception—I will state, that since I have surveyed, with more
-leisure and coolness, our position, I am convinced that a more judicious spot
-could not have been chosen. It was the only place where our small force could
-present so large a front as the enemy, who, with their overpowering numbers
-upon almost any other ground, might have surrounded and destroyed us. To
-show the probability of success, had the intended charge been made, I will here
-quote from a conversation after the battle. General Wool remarked to Colonel
-Bowles, in the presence of General Lane, Colonel Curtis, 3d Ohio regiment, and
-Major Washington, Light Artillery, that if he had withheld his order, “Cease
-firing, and retreat,” and had carried out the intention of General Lane, to advance,
-his regiment would have executed one of the most brilliant things ever
-done on any field of battle; “for,” said he, “Santa Anna, in his own official report,
-remarks, ‘that he had already passed an order for his forces to retreat,
-when the enemy, after a most determined resistance, was observed to give way
-in great confusion.’”</p>
-
-</div>
-
-
-<p>My object in thus pausing in my description, is to show the position
-of our field officers, and why the 2d Indiana regiment scattered
-themselves into other regiments. Here, one instance will be related
-showing the qualification of Colonel Bowles to command. On the
-night of the 22d we were surprised by a body of horsemen, supposed
-to be lancers endeavoring to outflank us. This was pointed
-out to the Colonel, who called us to attention, and attempted to form
-us in a line of battle before the enemy. But, in his ignorance of
-tactics, he got us with the “left in front,” and while we were maneuvering
-to get right, we might have been cut to pieces. Fortunately,
-however, the alarm was caused by some of our own cavalry,
-who were returning from watering their horses.</p>
-
-<p>At this display of incapacity in the hour of danger, great murmuring
-arose amongst the officers, and the men were all unwilling to
-trust their honor and lives in his hands. A committee was sent to
-General Lane, requesting him to be with us on the following day,
-which he promised faithfully to do. Now in these remarks, I do
-not wish to express any disrespect to Colonel Bowles, farther than
-as a military commander. I believe him to be intelligent, courteous
-and humane, and judging of actions during the engagement, I have
-no reason to doubt his or Colonel Haddon’s bravery. But who
-would wonder at our want of confidence in these officers, after beholding<span class="pagenum" id="Page_63">[Pg 63]</span>
-their ridiculous blunders while on drill? Who would blame
-the men for preferring other commanders, when the enemy commenced
-crowding upon us? One-third of us joined other regiments,
-and the remainder rallied under Lieutenant Colonel Haddon, forming
-a distinct front as a regiment, and fought with firmness alongside
-the Mississippians and 3d Indianians.</p>
-<p>After many fruitless exertions to rally his men, Colonel Bowles
-ordered those who were near him to join the Mississippians, at the
-same time falling in himself. We marched along the ridge to meet
-a large body of lancers supported by infantry. We soon opened
-our fire upon them, and that, too, in a manner which forced them to
-retreat, and pursuing, we halted at intervals, and continued our
-leaden hail. Having followed them across two deep ravines, they
-were reinforced, and came rushing down upon us like a tremendous
-avalanche, pouring out upon us their incessant shot. We fell back
-across the two hollows, occasionally halting to fire upon our pursuers.</p>
-
-<p>While in the second ravine, the sun shining with burning heat,
-famishing for want of water, and almost overcome with exertions,
-I leaned against a rocky precipice, and there made up my mind to
-die. Sad and hopeless were my thoughts, when, raising my head,
-I beheld the Mexican line firing down upon us. At this I was involuntarily
-aroused, and recollecting an expression in Mrs. W.’s
-letter, “If you should die, it would kill your mother,” I made
-an effort for those I loved and gained the summit. But oh! God!
-what a merciful preservation! The balls rained around, scattering
-death and destruction on every side. It appeared like the bed
-under a shot tower, so thick and fast did the balls hail about us.
-A man just before me was shot down, and a brave lieutenant, who
-so kindly made room for me in his company, fell wounded behind
-me, exclaiming, “Give me water! give me a handkerchief!” I
-gazed upon his supplicating countenance, but had nothing to relieve
-him. Rendered reckless by the sight we had just witnessed, we
-rallied again upon the top of the hill, and with the 2d Indiana under
-Lieutenant Haddon, opened a terrible fire upon our blood-thirsty
-enemies. They soon retreated in the utmost disorder.</p>
-
-<p>Having fled beyond our fire, a detail was sent to explore the
-ravine for our wounded. While descending, what a shocking
-scene presented itself! The barbarians were cruelly butchering our
-wounded, and stripping them of their clothes. But our unerring
-rifles soon stopped these atrocious murders. Our success was but<span class="pagenum" id="Page_64">[Pg 64]</span>
-poor compensation for the blood of twenty brave comrades. The
-poor lieutenant was left naked with his throat cut from ear to ear.</p>
-
-<p>About this time the city of Saltillo was attacked by two thousand
-lancers, from Palamus Pass, commanded by General Minon, but
-being unable to face Major Webster’s well-directed battery from the
-redoubt fort, were driven back, after endeavoring to join the main
-army by passing along the foot of the mountain. Simultaneous
-with this engagement, a charge was made by a large body of
-lancers upon our baggage and provision train, at the Ranch (see
-<a href="#img001">Map, Letter J</a>) Buena Vista, and were met by several companies of
-Kentucky and Arkansas cavalry, who were unable to withstand the
-shock, and were forced to fall back. Then the extended line of
-lancers came rushing down with their weapons poised ready to
-murder and rob our wounded, and sack our wagons. But they
-were checked by the appalling fire from the Indiana rifle battalion,
-who were ordered from the mountain with others who had rallied
-there. (<a href="#img001">See Map, Letter K.</a>) If the latter could be blamed for
-retreating thither, they more than balanced it by their coolness and
-heroic defence in this instance. So firmly and furiously did they
-resist the Mexicans, that the plundering wretches gladly made their
-escape, leaving the plain strewed with their dead and dying. They
-were now pursued by Colonel May’s squadron of dragoons, who,
-with two pieces of Captain Bragg’s battery, had just come up.
-They were driven along the foot of the mountain into a gorge,
-where they joined a force that the Mississippians, reinforced by
-the two Indiana regiments and a twelve-pound howitzer, had been
-firing upon with great execution. There we had them in a dreadful
-dilemma, Colonel May (<a href="#img001">see Letter U</a>), and the two pieces on
-the left pouring forth a destructive fire as they closed in. Below,
-on their right, was stationed a battery of three pieces, commanded
-by Captain Sherman, (<a href="#img001">see Letter Z,</a>) emitting without mercy the
-messengers of death. Still further to the right was our position,
-(<a href="#img001">see Letter H,</a>) and with our little cannon was opening their ranks
-at every fire. At this interesting crisis, just as we were about to
-obtain a brilliant victory over a force of more than five thousand
-strong, we were ordered to cease hostilities, as a flag of truce had
-arrived. There was an immediate cessation on <em>our</em> part, which the
-enemy faithlessly took advantage of, by passing out of the gorge,
-but not without suffering greatly from the fire which opened upon
-them, when their object was discovered.</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_65">[Pg 65]</span></p>
-
-<p>The greatest portion of the afternoon was spent with these events.
-The enemy, now making another desperate effort, came charging
-down upon us in all their splendor. We at once formed a V. (<a href="#img001">See
-Letter H.</a>) The 3d Indiana on the right, the Mississippians and
-2d Indiana forming the angle. As we stood awaiting their approach,
-Colonel Davis cried out, “Hold your fire, men, until they
-get close, and then give it to them!” I never shall forget the imposing
-appearance of the Mexicans as they bore down upon us with
-their immense columns, glittering lances, and parti-colored banners.
-There was one company mounted upon white horses, and wearing
-brass mounted caps, with red plumes. At first they started off in
-a trot, and as they accelerated into a graceful gallop, with lines
-accurately dressed, and lances poised for action, within twenty
-paces of us, General Lane gave the word—“<em>Now give it to them!</em>”
-Here I shall fail in description. What language could I use to
-convey a vivid impression of the din and crashing thunder of this
-terrible collision? How awful was the report and the destruction
-of our deadly fire. The enemy at first slackened, then halted and
-wavered; then turning toward their battery, on the ridge, they fled,
-terrified and panic-stricken.</p>
-
-<p>It was, indeed, a glorious achievement. Whole platoons appeared
-to droop and fall before our unerring shot. It seemed as
-if every man felt that he was an American soldier, and that he was
-individually responsible for the performance of that hour. And as
-the victors pursued the retreating foe, they rent the air with their
-shouts of triumph, throwing up their caps, and giving every demonstration
-of the highest delight.</p>
-
-<p>I now felt for the first time like exclaiming, “There is something
-glorious in the pomp and circumstance of war.” I almost thought
-that I could not be killed, and I felt secure when I reflected about
-the bloody ravine, and my miraculous escape. General Lane here
-rode by, exclaiming, “<em>We’ll whip them yet!</em>” He forgot entirely
-his wounded arm, and rode about the field cheering and encouraging
-the men. It was truly a happy time! Our little cannon had
-played into them so effectually, and it was defended so nobly! In
-a few minutes we were again facing the foe upon the ridge, near
-the place where we were stationed in the morning. (see <a href="#img001">Letter S</a>.)
-The enemy had planted there a heavy battery, (see <a href="#img001">Letters M and
-B</a>,) and as we ascended the brow of the hill, we were warmly
-received by an incessant fire, both from the battery and the Mexican<span class="pagenum" id="Page_66">[Pg 66]</span>
-reserve of six thousand that were pursuing the Illinoisians and
-Kentuckians, who had <em>heroically</em> attacked this overpowering force.
-This was the unfortunate charge in which fell the gallant Hardin,
-McKee, and Clay;—a trio of mind, heart and courage, ever to be
-lamented. (<a href="#img001">See Letter P.</a>)</p>
-
-<p>We soon, however, nothing daunted, paid them back with interest,
-and again the air was eloquent with our victorious cheers.
-We there fell back for protection, under the brow of the hill, and
-calmly listened to the whizzing shot from the enemy’s battery striking
-the ground in front and rear, scattering the stone in every direction.
-Thus was spent the remaining portion of the day. Occasionally
-we would be called to attention, and marched to the brow
-of the hill, when we suspected some demonstration upon our cannon,
-which was used in silencing the enemy’s battery. About sundown,
-the thundering of artillery ceased, and the conflict of the
-day was over.</p>
-
-<p>The Mississippians having received orders to repair to their quarters
-in town, myself and Lieutenant Kunkle, (who so proudly bore
-our banner in the thickest fight,) accompanied them as far as the
-hacienda. Our noble banner was executed by the skill and patriotism
-of the New Albany ladies.</p>
-
-<p>Such a night as I spent at the hacienda, God grant that I may
-never spend again! What piles of wounded and dying that lay
-groaning around! After wandering about among the wagons which
-were formed into a hollow square, I came across one of my messmates.
-Warmly grasping each other’s hands, we mutually inquired
-for our comrades. Then came the mournful tidings of the death of
-Francis Baily, Warren Robinson, and Charles Goff, three of my
-warmest friends, and brightest ornaments of our company. What a
-shock was this!—two of our beloved messmates, by whom, side by
-side, we had laid together for so many long months on the soldier’s
-couch, and with whom we had so often joked, while around our
-simple meals! But no more shall we mingle together in such uninterrupted
-harmony! I sought among the wagons for my blanket,
-but it was not there. I desired no food, notwithstanding I had
-eaten but a few pieces of hard crackers since the morning before.
-I was now becoming conscious of my excessive weariness. Loss
-of sleep, violent exertion, and the rain, which drenched us several
-times during the day, caused my bones to ache in every joint.
-Weary and faint, I resorted to the roof of one of the houses, hoping<span class="pagenum" id="Page_67">[Pg 67]</span>
-to get a little rest, but in this I was disappointed. I had scarcely
-begun to occupy a portion of a blanket kindly offered me by one of
-my friends, when we were alarmed by an unexpected charge from
-the lancers. Great were the excitement and hurry on the house tops.
-Soon every one was ready and waiting for the onset. Thus the
-night was spent in continual alarms, anxiety and suspense. We were
-ordered to lie upon our arms, and five times during the night were
-we aroused for the expected assault from the lancers, whose watch
-fires gleamed ominously from the mountains around. The sun had
-hardly arisen upon the bloody field, when I gladly arose to seek a
-fire, as my limbs were benumbed with cold. While seated on a
-stone near a fire, I was brooding over my fate, and that of our little
-army.</p>
-
-<p>Gloomy, indeed, were my thoughts when my eye caught an
-open letter lying upon the ground. Picking it up, I read carelessly
-until I started at beholding my own name. Soon I found
-that the letter was written from my beloved home, by one of my
-female friends to my departed associate, Charles Goff. Never did
-I before so fully appreciate the value of friends, or a quiet home,
-away from the tumult of war. “A—— says she loves her friends.”
-How did these sweet words sink into my heart, and what would I
-not have given to have realized their import! But what a contrast
-between my situation and that of my friends! The dead and the
-dying, with mangled and bloody features, staring at me, and a day
-of deadly strife before us! I felt that my own destiny would soon
-be sealed, and resolved to hold out to the last.</p>
-
-<p>If ever permitted to return home and mingle with valued friends,
-and enjoy the blessings of peace, doubtless many of the horrors will
-be effaced from my memory. But never shall I forget the terrible
-night that I passed at the hacienda of Buena Vista.</p>
-
-<p>Having partaken of some refreshment, many of us proceeded to
-the field to rejoin our regiment. While wiping out our muskets
-and renewing our flints by the way, we were passed by six men,
-bearing the body of a wounded companion. Looking over their
-shoulders, I recognized my old friend, Sergeant Combs, of the 3d
-Indiana regiment. The poor fellow had been shot in the leg, and
-had lain out in the field all night. In the morning his naked body
-was found amidst a plat of prickly pears, with his flesh penetrated
-by the long needles. He has since died.</p>
-
-<p>Upon our arrival we heard of the retreat of the Mexican army,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_68">[Pg 68]</span>
-and parties were sent out in all directions for the killed and wounded.
-Another and myself obtained leave to seek for the body of Warren
-Robinson. The last account we had of him he was in a ravine,
-completely exhausted, and some one passing, remarked, “Warren,
-don’t stop here; you’ll surely be killed!” He answered, “I can’t
-help it; I can go no further; and if I never see you again, you will
-know where to find me.” This place was described to us, and we
-found him accordingly. He was pierced to the heart by a ball, and
-robbed of his shoes and stockings, and the contents of his pockets.</p>
-
-<p>After gazing upon the placid countenance of young Warren, and
-reflecting on his blasted hopes of the future, we raised him up,
-and with assistance, bore his bleeding body to the summit of
-the ridge. Having secured a wagon, a party of us went in search
-of others belonging to our regiment. At length we found the horridly
-disfigured bodies of Apollos Stephens and Francis Baily.
-They were stripped of their clothing, and near the place where they
-had fallen in the morning. At first the icy coldness of their naked
-bodies sent a thrill of horror at every touch throughout my whole
-frame: but my firmness of nerve increased a little as we progressed
-in filling up the wagon with our fallen associates. How my blood
-chills when I reflect on those dead soldiers stiffened in frightful
-attitudes, that were heaped upon one another so promiscuously!
-On which side soever we turned our eyes, could be seen friends
-and foes terribly mangled, and lingering in torture. Many of the
-Mexicans would call out “Agua, agua!” and gulping it down,
-they would appear resigned to die. And thus the day was spent in
-wandering over the bloody field, and burying the dead. The dead
-of each regiment were laid together. Our boys were placed side
-by side—Robinson sharing the blanket of his college mate <abbr title="captain">Capt.</abbr>
-Kinder. After preserving a lock of each one’s hair, as a memento
-for their friends, we fixed a cross made with staves, with their
-names cut thereon, and raised over them a pile of stones. Then
-we fired three salutes, and with a heavy heart returned to our
-camp. But wherever we went, the dead appeared to follow us,
-and the most solemn silence reigned around. On one side lay
-fifty of our killed, all stripped; and everywhere could be seen the
-effect of the raging conflict. After a cheerless supper, we performed
-the last duties of humanity to our worthy messmate Charles Goff.
-It appears that during the retreat he received a lance wound in the
-left elbow, and repaired to a stream below the rancho to quench<span class="pagenum" id="Page_69">[Pg 69]</span>
-his thirst and bathe his wound when he was attacked by five lancers.
-Seeing him unarmed, they pursued him at full speed. After
-chasing him some distance, they overtook him, and Charles, finding
-it impossible to save himself, faced the foe and received the lance
-in the breast, before assistance could arrive, and died with an expression
-of calm resignation lingering upon his countenance. He
-was a good soldier, taking pride in the performance of all his duties.
-As a Christian he was invulnerable to the temptations of camp. The
-last conversation I had with him was just before we marched out
-to the battle. I inquired if he had expressed to any one his wishes
-in case he should fall. He replied “No!” with great seriousness.
-“Hadn’t you better?” said I. “Yes, and now is the time,” he
-answered. “I wish you to collect my papers and things, and take
-them home to my friends; you know who I mean.” I asked if he
-just meant those things that might be preserved as mementos.
-Here we were called to attention, and he replied by nodding his
-head. Then I heard his rallying voice after the retreat, which was
-the last I saw of him until he was cold in death. O how deeply
-do we feel his loss! Few, indeed, were like him! We buried him
-by moonlight on a grassy ridge near the spot where he fell. Several
-officers of the brigade and regiment were present.</p>
-
-<p>The next day our scouts brought word that Santa Anna was still
-at Agua Nueva, and perhaps would renew the combat. We were
-ordered to strike our tents and repair again to the battle-field, where
-we remained suffering almost every inconvenience. In my mess
-there was not a single blanket, and many of us had lost our knap-sacks
-with our clothing. So we were forced to sleep upon a stony
-mattress with our tents as coverlids. Even such rest as these could
-afford was uncertain. Our dreams were feverish with anxiety, and
-every hour we expected the long roll, and our arms were continually
-near us. The long roll! oh how terrible the sound! fraught with
-danger and death! The soldier alone can appreciate its import!
-A night or two before, we heard its sounds with all its horrors.</p>
-
-<p>Others with myself were conversing over a few coals when General
-Lane came up, and ordered Colonel Bowles to have the long
-roll beaten as an express had just arrived, stating that our picket
-guard had been fired upon. This was a fine opportunity to witness
-its startling effect, and waking up my mess we looked down the
-ravine, where so many were reposing their weary bones. The
-moon looked down upon us in all her silvery brightness, save in the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_70">[Pg 70]</span>
-gloomy shadow of mighty rocks, which were piled up stratum upon
-stratum. Death-like stillness pervaded the scene, but it was like
-the silence that preludes the mighty crash of the avalanche; for now
-the rolling of a hundred drums spreads from line to line. In an instant
-the white coverings are flying in the air, and the whole army
-starting to their feet with every variety of expression visible upon
-their excited countenances.</p>
-
-<p>After shivering in the cold for an hour, we were permitted to lie
-down again upon our arms. Thus the time was spent in continual
-alarms and rumors of assault, which was worse than a dozen battles.
-We were all anxious to meet the enemy again, to be revenged for
-their cruelty to our wounded brethren, and felt that we could fight
-more effectually, as we were hardened into indifference by the past,
-in beholding our falling comrades. And further, we had a reinforcement
-of General Marshall with three eighteen pounders. At
-length intelligence came that the Mexican army had taken up their
-line of march to San Luis Potosi; when we were ordered immediately
-to make preparations for our old encampment.</p>
-
-<p>It was a melancholy march, as the road all the way for sixteen
-miles was strewed with the Mexican dead. On a single spot I
-counted thirteen bodies; and at times the scent from the field was
-almost insupportable. After an exciting march, we pitched our
-tents near the spot which we left a week before; and part of the
-time since the enemy had occupied, whose fires were not extinct
-on our return.</p>
-
-
-<p class="p2"><i>March 14th.</i>—We received orders last Wednesday to remove
-back to Buena Vista, as the water was so bad, and the wind and
-dust so disagreeable, that even our horses were affected, causing
-them to die off in great numbers. I was on guard the day before,
-and was not relieved till the next evening. To remain a whole
-day in the hot sun without shelter, and remain up all night in the
-cold wind, is a poor preparation for a hard march. The guard went
-in advance, and upon our arrival, were posted around the camp,
-which is situated on a ridge, sloping from the mountain. There
-we remained until the tents were pitched, and a new guard
-mounted.</p>
-
-<p>We have not yet forgotten the battle. Low spirits, gloom and
-regret are everywhere manifest. There are but few who have not
-to mourn the loss of friends and relations. Our wounded are all<span class="pagenum" id="Page_71">[Pg 71]</span>
-doing well, save Granville Jackson, the inflammation of whose
-hand has brought on a severe fever; and Alfred Goodwin, who,
-though badly wounded, may eventually be able to walk.</p>
-
-<p>Much controversy is going with regard to the retreat of the 2d
-regiment; but as it can easily be proved that Colonel Bowles gave
-the order, the matter will soon be favorably understood. But the
-subject gives us great trouble. If our reputation must suffer, it is,
-indeed, very discouraging.</p>
-
-<p>General Taylor, the adored of the army and the hero of many
-battles, has removed with Colonel May’s squadron of dragoons,
-Bragg’s battery of light artillery, and the Mississippi regiment, to
-Walnut Springs, near Monterey. We are still under the command
-of General Wool, who, although a brave and prudent officer, and a
-good soldier, falls below “Old Rough” in gaining the affection
-of the men.</p>
-
-<p>There are many things I should like to speak of, especially incidents
-and personalities connected with the battle, but am now too
-low spirited to relate them. We are so inconveniently situated, the
-wind and dust so disagreeable, and at times so concerned for our reputation,
-that often I become almost hopeless, and hardly care what becomes
-of me. The Indiana troops have truly been unfortunate, the
-2d regiment especially. From our first entering the service, we were
-organized in a way contrary to our wishes, and officers selected for
-us, wholly unqualified for their stations, and even below mediocrity
-in point of talent, which rendered them unable to draw the attention
-of commanding officers to their regiment. Thus the greater
-portion of our time was spent in obscurity, wading the lagoons of
-Belknap—since which time we are nothing indebted to our regimental
-officers for our preferments. General Lane has made the
-2d regiment what it is, and does honor to the position which he
-occupies. But I will cease this strain, as I promised to complain
-as little as possible.</p>
-
-
-<p class="p2"><i>April 1st.</i>—We are now comfortably situated, and have less
-cause of complaint than at any other time during the service.
-There are two tents pitched together for our mess of eight, who
-live together in the greatest harmony. Our floor is carpeted with
-grass, and we have blankets and provisions in abundance. But
-still we look with much solicitude to the time when we shall meet
-our beloved friends at home. What a blank is caused by the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_72">[Pg 72]</span>
-absence of some of the refinements of society, and to be so long
-absent from those we love, with but little to occupy their places!—I
-have learned much in the tented field; I have learned how few
-are the real wants of man; I have learned to abstain from luxuries
-and to suffer privation; I have learned how important is good
-female society for the refinement of manners and the elevation of
-morals.</p>
-
-<p>All is quiet again, and the excitement attending the expectation
-of another attack, has died away. Until recently, the guard duty
-has been very heavy, and the troops in constant anxiety, caused by
-the rumors in circulation.—Yesterday the whole division passed in
-grand review before General Wool and staff. It was truly a
-splendid sight. Seven regiments of infantry, accurately dressed
-upon the same line; two squadrons of dragoons, and four batteries
-of flying artillery. The gaudy uniforms of the general and staff
-added to the imposing grandeur of the parade. The camp is generally
-in good health, and our wounded doing well. The loss of
-Goff and Robinson is a severe stroke to the mess. I assure you
-we miss them greatly, especially at night, when we see their vacant
-places upon the ground.</p>
-
-
-<p class="p2"><i>May 15th.</i>—During the last two weeks much excitement has prevailed
-with regard to the court of investigation, concerning the
-conduct of Brigadier-General Lane and Colonel Bowles. General
-Lane called for an examination on his own part, and was acquitted
-with the highest praise. Colonel Bowles, by request, followed his
-example, and the charge of incapacity for performing the duties of
-his office, and ignorance of company and battalion drill, were fully
-substantiated, as well as the word of giving the order—“Cease
-firing, and retreat!” This decision, approved by Generals Taylor
-and Wool, at once sets at rest all doubts as to the propriety of our
-retreat, and no blame can now be attached to the 2d regiment for
-that unfortunate event.</p>
-
-<p>Yesterday evening we received the joyful orders to take up our line
-of march for the mouth of the Rio Grande, to start on the 24th.
-The 2d Kentuckians started yesterday; the Ohioans will leave on
-the 18th; and the Illinoisians on the 30th.—We have just received
-a request from the citizens of New Albany to bring home the four
-bodies of our fallen comrades. We had already canvassed the
-matter, and given it up as impossible; but now it must be done,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_73">[Pg 73]</span>
-and preparations are being made for their transportation. General
-Lane, with his characteristic nobleness of heart, lends a helping
-hand. The Mexicans are inferior mechanics, and material is scarce;
-and we shall have to use tin instead of lead for coffins, as the latter
-is not to be had.</p>
-
-<p>The decision of the Court of Inquiry encouraged and animated
-us all; and the effect was quite obvious throughout the whole camp.
-Last night a number of us were convened around the fire, and were
-all recalling incidents connected with the battle. Many amusing
-anecdotes were related, two of which I shall record, as examples of
-great coolness in the heat of battle.</p>
-
-<p>During the engagement of the rifle battalion on the mountain,
-a deer sprang up in the ravine, between the two fires; a backwoodsman
-observing it, cried out, “Look at that deer!” at the same time
-diverting his aim from the enemy in front, instantly fired, and
-brought the animal to the ground. Another happened under my
-own observation. When Captain Sanderson fell, badly shocked by
-a grape shot striking his scabbard, a man just before him, who was
-squatted down examining his flint, seeing the ball fall near, picked
-it up, and turning to the captain, who was gasping for breath,
-threw it towards him, carelessly remarking, “There it is, <abbr title="captain">Cap.</abbr>!”</p>
-
-<p>A ludicrous story was told of a party composed of different regiments,
-in an eating-house of Saltillo, after the battle. They were
-drinking, and relating their wonderful exploits. One in particular
-was eloquent upon the daring bravery of his captain. At this crisis,
-a fellow who had been unnoticed before in their merriment, advanced
-from his corner, and enthusiastically insisted that the captain spoken
-of was a brave man, for he saw him charge unarmed upon a presented
-pistol. The stranger was invited to drink, then urged to
-relate the circumstance, and, after smacking his lips with great
-satisfaction, he commenced. “During the fight I retreated to town,
-and hid in an old bake oven that stood on the hill, as you enter the
-city. Well, I hadn’t been there long, before I spied your captain
-making for it at full speed. I drew my revolver, and when he
-came, cried out to him, ‘Don’t you come here, or I’ll blow your
-brains out!’ <em>But he rushed right in.</em>”</p>
-
-<p>An amusing incident came off the other day, at the mounting of
-the guard. A lieutenant, rather too fond of the “Critter,” with a
-seedy suit that had evidently not been worn out with brushing, was
-rejected, and charged by our worthy inspector-general not to present<span class="pagenum" id="Page_74">[Pg 74]</span>
-himself there again. So the next day <em>another</em> was detailed,
-not much better attired. When the inspector perceived him, he
-rode up, and severely remarked, “Didn’t I tell you not to come
-back here?” He respectfully rejoined: “A slight mistake, colonel,
-there is one grease spot less on this hat!”</p>
-
-
-<p class="p2 right">
-“<i>Camp near Reynosa, June 4th.</i><br />
-</p>
-
-<p>“According to general orders, we broke up our encampment at
-Buena Vista on the 24th of May, and after a march of ten successive
-days, over three hundred miles, we arrived at this place.
-From this we will take steamboats to the mouth of the Rio Grande,
-thence by vessels to New Orleans, where we will be discharged,
-and permitted to return to the endearments of home. It rained
-during our last day’s march, and has continued to do so ever since,
-at intervals.</p>
-
-<p>“Yesterday several of us visited Reynosa, but saw nothing interesting,
-with the exception of the funeral of a little girl five years of
-age. We were first attracted to the house by music from the drum,
-clarionet and violin. When we arrived, we found the child placed
-upright in the coffin, and tricked out with finery. On the head was
-a kind of a crown of gilt paper; in one hand the figure of a saint,
-and in the other a piece of black wax. After many of the family
-and friends had assembled, they formed a ring before the door, and
-commenced dancing and waltzing in the most unfeeling manner,
-until the corpse was conveyed to the church. They bear the death
-of children with great philosophy, deeming it no source of lamentation.
-The more extensive my acquaintance with this people, the
-greater my pride and satisfaction in being an American. The beauty
-and ingenuousness of their women, the mind and energy of their
-men, are so far below those of ours, that we cannot make a comparison.
-They plough their fields with a straight stick running slanting
-into the ground; never did I see them make a pound of butter,
-although they obtain vast quantities of milk; and they justify their
-laborious way of crushing corn by saying ‘it makes it much finer
-than mills.’”</p>
-
-<p>On the 3d of July, we landed at New Albany, after an absence
-of a year. Multitudes of friends and acquaintances stood upon the
-shore to await our arrival. The cannon roared to welcome us, and
-a flowery arch spanned the street in all its beauty, to cheer us as
-we entered the city. On the fifth, we transported to the solemn<span class="pagenum" id="Page_75">[Pg 75]</span>
-grave, the remains of our fellow soldiers. Great was the concourse
-which followed in procession, to witness the mournful ceremony.
-A noble monument will mark the resting-place of those who fell in
-battle.</p>
-
-<p>Reader, I will now come to a conclusion. This journal was
-written for my own reference and amusement, but I have made
-some verbal alterations for your accommodation. Had I more
-thoroughly revised the style and arrangement in my manuscript,
-doubtless fewer errors would have existed; but it may go forth with
-its imperfections, for I have neither time nor inclination to put on a
-higher polish.</p>
-
-<p>Other companies than the <i>Greys</i>, and other regiments than the
-<i>Second</i>, could not expect a description of all their glorious deeds
-from one whose humble position limited his survey and sources of
-extensive information. If I have erred in statements, it was of the
-<em>head</em>, and not of the <em>heart</em>. With a clear conscience I have written
-what I have written. Brilliant actions, no doubt, were performed at
-Buena Vista that will never shine upon canvas, nor glow in the
-poet’s song, nor blaze upon the page of history.</p>
-
-
-<p class="p4 center">THE END.</p>
-
-
-<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" />
-
-<div class="chapter transnote">
-<h2 class="nobreak" id="Transcribers_Notes">Transcriber’s Notes</h2>
-
-<p>Errors in punctuation have been fixed.</p>
-
-<p><a href="#Page_15">Page 15</a>: “of the corse” changed to “of the corpse”</p>
-
-<p><a href="#Page_32">Page 32</a>: “kind of opheclide” changed to “kind of ophicleide”</p>
-
-<p><a href="#Page_40">Page 40</a>: “suddenly arroused” changed to “suddenly aroused”</p>
-
-<p><a href="#Page_44">Page 44</a>: “Nothwithstanding the discouragement” changed to “Notwithstanding the discouragement”</p>
-
-<p><a href="#Page_48">Page 48</a>: “a rout that did not pass” changed to “a route that did not pass”</p>
-
-<p><a href="#Page_58">Page 58</a>: “the moun ains” changed to “the mountains”</p>
-</div>
-
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