diff options
| author | nfenwick <nfenwick@pglaf.org> | 2025-02-02 21:33:56 -0800 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | nfenwick <nfenwick@pglaf.org> | 2025-02-02 21:33:56 -0800 |
| commit | 5b8cdb97904b17cc7372e3cf971ced66f9ac1dd3 (patch) | |
| tree | 3f4ce3c4384c8052da97352360d2668ab66769fa /old/68765-h/68765-h.htm | |
| parent | 43f549c03fa9ec2541b3b11eecb089026922ee34 (diff) | |
Diffstat (limited to 'old/68765-h/68765-h.htm')
| -rw-r--r-- | old/68765-h/68765-h.htm | 12571 |
1 files changed, 0 insertions, 12571 deletions
diff --git a/old/68765-h/68765-h.htm b/old/68765-h/68765-h.htm deleted file mode 100644 index 0ede4a0..0000000 --- a/old/68765-h/68765-h.htm +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12571 +0,0 @@ -<!DOCTYPE html> -<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> -<head> - <meta charset="UTF-8"> - <title> - Twenty-five years in the Secret Service, by Henri Le Caron—A Project Gutenberg eBook - </title> - <link rel="icon" href="images/cover.jpg" type="image/x-cover"> - <style> /* <![CDATA[ */ - -body { - margin-left: 10%; - margin-right: 10%; -} - - h1,h2,h3 { - text-align: center; /* all headings centered */ - clear: both; - margin-top: 1.5em; - margin-bottom: 1em; - word-spacing: 0.2em; - letter-spacing: 0.1em; - line-height: 1em; - font-weight: normal; -} - -h1 {font-size: 160%; line-height: 1.5em;} -h2 {font-size: 140%; line-height: 1.7em;} -h3 {font-size: 100%; line-height: 1.7em;} - -p { - margin-top: .51em; - text-align: justify; - margin-bottom: .49em; - text-indent: 1em; -} - -.p1 {margin-top: 1em;} -.p2 {margin-top: 2em;} -.p3 {margin-top: 3em;} -.p4 {margin-top: 4em;} - -.negin {padding-top: 6em; padding-left: 60%; text-indent: -1em; - text-align: justify; font-size: 60%;} -.negin1 {padding-left: 2em; text-indent: -2em; text-align: justify; font-size: 80%;} -.negin2 {padding-left: 6em; text-indent: -2em; text-align: justify; font-size: 80%;} - -.noindent {text-indent: 0em;} - -div.chapter {page-break-before: always;} -h2.nobreak {page-break-before: avoid;} - -x-ebookmaker-drop, .x-ebookmaker-drop {} - -.pfs180 {font-size: 180%; text-align: center; text-indent: 0em; word-spacing: 0.3em;} -.pfs150 {font-size: 150%; text-align: center; text-indent: 0em; word-spacing: 0.3em;} -.pfs135 {font-size: 135%; text-align: center; text-indent: 0em; word-spacing: 0.3em;} -.pfs120 {font-size: 120%; text-align: center; text-indent: 0em; word-spacing: 0.3em;} -.pfs110 {font-size: 110%; text-align: center; text-indent: 0em; word-spacing: 0.3em;} -.pfs100 {font-size: 100%; text-align: center; text-indent: 0em; word-spacing: 0.3em;} -.pfs90 {font-size: 90%; text-align: center; text-indent: 0em; word-spacing: 0.3em;} -.pfs80 {font-size: 80%; text-align: center; text-indent: 0em; word-spacing: 0.3em;} -.pfs70 {font-size: 70%; text-align: center; text-indent: 0em; word-spacing: 0.3em;} -.pfs60 {font-size: 60%; text-align: center; text-indent: 0em; word-spacing: 0.3em;} - -.fs60 {font-size: 60%; font-style: normal;} -.fs70 {font-size: 70%; font-style: normal;} -.fs80 {font-size: 80%; font-style: normal;} -.fs90 {font-size: 90%; font-style: normal;} -.fs100 {font-size: 100%; font-style: normal;} -.fs120 {font-size: 120%; font-style: normal;} -.fs135 {font-size: 135%; font-style: normal;} - -.hidden {display: none;} - -/* for horizontal lines */ -hr { - width: 33%; - margin-top: 1.5em; - margin-bottom: 1em; - margin-left: 33.5%; - margin-right: 33.5%; - clear: both; -} - -hr.tb {width: 30%; margin-left: 35%; margin-right: 35%;} -hr.chap {width: 65%; margin-left: 17.5%; margin-right: 17.5%;} -hr.fulla {width: 95%; margin-left: 2.5%; margin-right: 2.5%; - border-top: thick solid;} - -hr.r50 {width: 50%; margin-left: 25%; margin-right: 25%; - margin-top: 4em; margin-bottom: 0em;} - -.x-ebookmaker hr.chap {width: 0%; display: none;} - - -/* for inserting info from TN and Errata changes */ -.corr { - text-decoration: none; - border-bottom: thin dashed blue;} - -.x-ebookmaker .corr { - text-decoration: none; - border-bottom: none;} - - -/* for basic lists */ -ul.index { list-style-type: none; } -li.ifrst { margin-top: 1.5em; text-indent: -2em; padding-left: 1em;} -li.indx { margin-top: .5em; text-indent: -2em; padding-left: 1em;} -li.isub1 {text-indent: -2em; padding-left: 2em;} - - -/* for tables */ -table { - margin-left: auto; - margin-right: auto;} - -table.autotable { border-collapse: collapse; } - -td {padding: .5em .3em 0 .3em;} - -.tdl {text-align: left; padding-left: 1.5em; text-indent: -1em;} -.tdr {text-align: right; padding-top: .1em; vertical-align: bottom;} -.tdc {text-align: center;} - -.tdlp {text-align: left; padding-top: .1em; padding-left: 1.5em; text-indent: -1em; vertical-align: bottom;} - - -/* for spacing */ -.pad1 {padding-left: 1em;} -.pad2 {padding-left: 2em;} -.pad3 {padding-left: 3em;} -.pad6 {padding-left: 6em;} - -.padr2 {padding-right: 2em;} -.padr4 {padding-right: 4em;} -.padr6 {padding-right: 6em;} - -.pad50pc {padding-left: 50%;} - - -.pagenum { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */ - /* visibility: hidden; */ - position: absolute; - color: #A9A9A9; - left: 92%; - font-size: smaller; - text-align: right; - font-style: normal; - font-weight: normal; - font-variant: normal; - text-indent: .5em; -} - - -/* blockquote (/# #/) */ -.blockquot { margin: 1.5em 5% 1.5em 5%; font-size: 80%;} - - -/* general placement and presentation */ -.center {text-align: center; text-indent: 0em;} - -.right {text-align: right; margin-right: 1em;} - -.smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} -.allsmcap {font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;} - -.lsp {letter-spacing: 0.1em;} -.lsp2 {letter-spacing: 0.2em;} -.lht {line-height: 2em;} - - -.caption {font-weight: normal; font-size: 70%; - padding-bottom: 0.50em;} - -.antiqua {font-family: Blackletter, Fraktur, Textur, "Olde English Mt", "Olde English", Diploma, England, Gothic, serif;} - - -/* Images */ - -img { - border: none; - max-width: 100%; - height: auto; -} - -img.w100 {width: 100%;} - - -.figcenter { - margin: auto; - text-align: center; - page-break-inside: avoid; - max-width: 100%;} - - -/* Footnotes */ -.footnotes {border: dashed 1px; margin-top: 2em; margin-bottom: 3em; - padding-bottom: 1em;} - -.footnote {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: 90%;} -.footnote p {text-indent: 0em;} -.footnote .label {position: absolute; right: 84%; text-align: right;} - -.fnanchor { - vertical-align: super; - font-size: .8em; - text-decoration: none; -} - - -/* Poetry */ -.poetry-container {text-align: center;} -.poetry {text-align: left; margin-left: 5%; margin-right: 5%;} -.poetry {display: inline-block; font-size: 80%} -.poetry .stanza {margin: 1em auto;} -.poetry .verse {text-indent: -3em; padding-left: 3em;} - -/* large inline blocks don't split well on paged devices */ -.x-ebookmaker .poetry {display: block; margin-left: 4.5em;} - - -/* Transcriber's notes */ -.transnote {background-color: #E6E6FA; - color: black; - font-size: 80%; - padding: 0.5em; - margin-bottom: 3em; - font-family: sans-serif, serif; } - -.transnote p {text-indent: 0em;} - - -/* Poetry indents */ -.poetry .indent0 {text-indent: -3em;} -.poetry .indent25 {text-indent: 9.5em;} - -/* Illustration classes */ -.illowe18 {width: 18em;} -.illowp100 {width: 100%;} -.illowp48 {width: 48%;} -.illowp49 {width: 49%;} -.illowp50 {width: 50%;} -.illowp51 {width: 51%;} -.illowp54 {width: 54%;} -.illowp68 {width: 68%;} -.illowp72 {width: 72%;} - - - /* ]]> */ </style> -</head> -<body> -<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 68765 ***</div> - -<div class="transnote"> -<p><strong>TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE</strong></p> - -<p>Footnote anchors are denoted by <span class="fnanchor">[number]</span>, and the footnotes have been -placed at the end of the book after the Index.</p> - -<p>The 3-star inverted asterism symbol is denoted by ***.</p> - -<p>The cover image was created by the transcriber, -by adding the title and author to the original cover; it is hereby -placed in the public domain.</p> - -<p>Some minor changes to the text are noted at the <a href="#TN">end of the book.</a></p> -</div> - - -<div class="figcenter illowp50" id="cover" style="max-width: 107.5em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/cover.jpg" alt="original cover with title and author added"> -</div> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="figcenter illowp49" id="i_a000" style="max-width: 50em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i_a000.jpg" alt="(author, with signature)"> - <div class="caption">Yours truly,<br> -H. Le Caron</div> -</div> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> -<div class="chapter"></div> - -<h1> -TWENTY-FIVE YEARS<br> -<span class="fs60">IN</span><br> -<span class="fs120">THE SECRET SERVICE</span></h1> - - -<p class="p1 pfs180"><em>The Recollections of a Spy</em></p> - -<p class="p4 pfs60">BY</p> - -<p class="pfs100 lsp2">MAJOR HENRI LE CARON</p> - -<p class="p2 pfs120 antiqua">With Portraits and Facsimiles</p> - -<p class="p3 fs80">“No citizen has a right to consider himself as belonging to himself; -but all ought to regard themselves as belonging to the State, inasmuch -as each is a part of the State; and care for the part naturally looks -to care for the whole.”</p> - -<p class="right smcap fs80">—Aristotle.</p> - -<div class="figcenter illowe18" id="colophon"> - <img class="w100" src="images/colophon2.jpg" alt="(colophon)"> -<div class="hidden caption"> Third Edition</div> -</div> - -<p class="p1 pfs120 lsp">LONDON</p> -<p class="pfs135 lsp2">WILLIAM HEINEMANN</p> -<p class="pfs100">1892</p> -<p class="pfs90">[<em>All rights reserved</em>]</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_iii"></a>[Pg iii]</span><br></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="INTRODUCTION">INTRODUCTION.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="noindent">It has seemed good in the sight of many people -that I should place on record, in some permanent -and acceptable form, the story of my eventful -life. And so I am about to write a book. The -task is a daring one—perhaps the most daring of -the many strange and unlooked-for incidents -which have marked my career of adventure. I -approach it with no light heart, but rather with a -keen appreciation of all its difficulties.</p> - -<p>To cater, and cater successfully, for the reading -public of this <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">fin de siècle</i> period is an undertaking -which fairly taxes all the powers of resource and -experience of the most brilliant writers of our -time. And I am in no sense a practised writer, -much less a professional <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">litterateur</i>. I have spent -my life working at too high a pressure, and in too -excited an atmosphere, to allow of my qualifying -in any way for the rôle of author.</p> - -<p>Nor am I handicapped in this way alone. I -am, unfortunately for my purpose, deprived of the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_iv"></a>[iv]</span> -most important of collaborators a writer ever -called to his aid—the play of imagination. For -me there is no such thing as romance to be indulged -in here. The truth, the whole truth, and -nothing but the truth is what I have set myself -to tell regarding all those matters with which I -shall deal. There are many things, of course, to -which I may not refer; but with respect to those -upon which I feel at liberty to touch, one unalterable -characteristic will apply all through, and -that will be the absolute truthfulness of the -record.</p> - -<p>This may seem strange language coming from -one who, for over a quarter of a century, has played -a double part, and who to-day is not one whit -ashamed of any single act done in that capacity. -Men’s lives, however, are not to be judged by the -outward show and the visible suggestion, but -rather by the inward sentiments and promptings -which accept conscience at once as the inspirer of -action and arbiter of fate. It is hard, I know, to -expect people in this cold prosaic age of ours to -fully understand how a man like myself should, of -his own free will, have entered upon a life such as -I have led, with such pureness of motive and -absence of selfish instinct as to entitle me to-day<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_v"></a>[v]</span> -to claim acceptance at the bar of public opinion -as an honest and a truthful man.</p> - -<p>Yet such is my claim. When years ago, as -these subsequent pages will show, I was first -brought into contact with Fenian affairs, no fell -purpose, no material consideration prompted me -to work against the revolutionary plotters. A -young man, proud of his native land and full of -patriotic loyalty to its traditions, I had no desire, -no intention to do aught but frustrate the schemes -of my country’s foes. When, later on, I took my -place in the ranks of England’s defenders, the -same condition of mind prevailed, though the -conditions of service varied.</p> - -<p>And so the situation has remained all through. -Forced by a variety of circumstances to play a -part I never sought, but to which, for conscientious -motives, I not unwillingly adapted myself, I can -admit no shame and plead no regret. By my -action lives have been saved, communities have -been benefited, and right and justice allowed to -triumph, to the confusion of law-breakers and -would-be murderers. And in this recollection I -have my consolation and my reward. Little else -indeed is left me in the shape of either the one or -the other. There is a popular fiction, I know,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_vi"></a>[vi]</span> -which associates with my work fabulous payments -and frequent rewards. Would that it had been -so. Then would the play of memory be all the -sweeter for me. But, alas! the facts were all the -other way. As I will show later, in the Secret -Service of England there is ever present danger, -and constantly recurring difficulty, but of recompense, -a particularly scant supply.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_vii"></a>[vii]</span><br></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="LOI">LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.</h2> -</div> - -<table class="autotable fs90"> -<tr> -<td class="tdc fs135 lsp2" colspan="3"><em>PORTRAITS.</em></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl smcap"><a href="#i_a000">Major Henri Le Caron</a></td> -<td class="tdr" colspan="2"><em>Frontispiece</em></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl smcap"><a href="#i_b058a">Alexander Sullivan</a></td> -<td class="tdc"><em>To face p.</em></td> -<td class="tdr">62</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl smcap"><a href="#i_b160a">Patrick Egan</a></td> -<td class="tdc">”</td> -<td class="tdr">160</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl smcap"><a href="#i_b168a">“Number One”—P. J. Tynan</a></td> -<td class="tdc">”</td> -<td class="tdr"><ins class="corr" id="tn-vii" title="Transcriber’s Note—Original text: '228'"> -168</ins></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl smcap"><a href="#i_b178a">Charles Stewart Parnell</a></td> -<td class="tdc">”</td> -<td class="tdr">178</td> -</tr> -<tr><td colspan="3"> </td></tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc fs135 lsp2" colspan="3"><em>FACSIMILES.</em></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl smcap" colspan="2"><a href="#i_b016">The Oath of Allegiance</a></td> -<td class="tdr">16</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl smcap" colspan="2"><a href="#i_b027">A Fenian Twenty-dollar Bond</a></td> -<td class="tdr">27</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl smcap" colspan="2"><a href="#i_b054">My Commission as Major in the Army of the Irish Republic</a></td> -<td class="tdr">54</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl smcap" colspan="2"><a href="#i_b234">Patrick Egan’s Letter of Introduction</a></td> -<td class="tdr">234</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl smcap" colspan="2"><a href="#i_b264">Alexander Sullivan’s Cheque for Thirty Thousand Dollars</a></td> -<td class="tdr">264</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl smcap"><a href="#i_b306b">Alexander Sullivan’s Letter</a></td> -<td class="tdr" colspan="2"><em>Appendix III.</em></td> -</tr> -</table> - - -<hr class="p4 chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_1"></a>[1]</span><br></p> - -<p class="pfs135 lht">TWENTY-FIVE YEARS IN THE<br> -SECRET SERVICE.</p> -</div> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="I">I.</h2> - - -<p class="noindent">Of my early youth little that is very interesting -or exciting can be told. A faded entry in the -aged records of the ancient borough of Colchester -evidences the fact that a certain Thomas Beach, -to wit myself, came into this world some fifty and -one years ago, on the 26th day of September -1841. My parents were English, as the American -would phrase it, “from far away back,” my -grandfather tracing his lineage through many -generations in the county of Berkshire. The -second son of a family of thirteen, I fear I proved -a sore trial to a careful father and affectionate -mother, by my erratic methods and the varied -outbursts of my wild exuberant nature. My -earliest recollection is of the teetotal principle -on which we were all brought up, and the absence -of strong drink from all our household feasts. -The point is a trivial one, but not unworthy of -note, as it supplies the key to some of my successes -in later life, in keeping clear of danger<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_2"></a>[2]</span> -through intoxication, when almost all of those with -whom I dealt were victims to it. When others -lost their heads, and their caution as well, I was -enabled, through my distaste for drink, to benefit -in every way.</p> - -<p>Living in a military town as I did, and coming -into daily contact with all the pomp and circumstance -of soldiering, it was but natural that the -glory of the redcoat life should affect me, and that, -like so many other foolish boys, I should feel -drawn to the ranks. Of course I wanted to -enlist, and what wonder that for me life held no -nobler ambition and success, no grander figure than -that clothed with the uniform of the bold drummer-boy. -All my efforts, however, were naturally of -no avail, and I found the path to glory blocked -at every point. The fever, nevertheless, was -upon me, and my want of success only made me -the more determined to achieve my object in the -long run. Home held no promise of success, and -at home I decided I would no longer remain. So -it came about that one fine morning, when little -more than twelve years of age, I packed my -marbles, toys, and trophies, and in the early light -slipped quietly out on to the high-road <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">en route</i> -for that Mecca of all country boys—the great -glorious city of London!</p> - -<p>I had run away from home in grim earnest.<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_3"></a>[3]</span> -Not for very long, however. Fortunately for -me—unfortunately as I thought in those young -days—I committed a grave blunder in tactics. -Meeting one of my school-fellows on the journey, -I was foolish enough to inform him of my proceeding -and intention, and in this way my anxious -parents were soon put upon my track, and my -interesting and exciting escapade was brought to -an ignominious conclusion. I had, however, tasted -of the sweets of adventure, and it was not very -long before I made another attempt to rid myself -of the trammels of home life. Here again I was -fated to meet with defeat, but not before I had -made a distinct advance upon my first effort, for -two weeks were allowed to elapse before I was -discovered on this occasion. The natural consequences -attended these attempts of mine, and -soon I was written down as the black sheep of -the family, from whom no permanent good could -ever be expected.</p> - -<p>The idea of keeping me longer at school was -quite given up, and in order the better to tie me -down, I was apprenticed for a period of seven -years to Mr. Thomas Knight, a Quaker, and well-known -draper in my native town. The arrangement -suited me not at all. Nothing could be more -uncongenial than a life worked out in the solemn -atmosphere of a staid and strict Quaker’s home,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_4"></a>[4]</span> -where the efforts to curb my impulsive nature -resulted in increasing bitterness of spirit on my -part every day. In eleven months it was conceded -on both sides that the continuation of the -arrangement was distinctly undesirable, and so I -was free once more. A short residence with my -parents followed; but the old promptings to wander -afar were too strong for me, and once more, for -the third and last time, I broke away, and reached -London at last, in the month of May 1857.</p> - -<p>Through the kindness of relatives, employment -was secured for me in a leading business house; -but my stay there was of short duration. With -my usual facility for doing everything wrong at -this period of my existence, I happened to accidentally -set fire to the premises, and was politely -told that after this my services could not be properly -appreciated. I was not long out of employment, -and strangely enough, through the -agency of one of the gentlemen whose house -had suffered through my carelessness, I was later -on enabled to obtain a much better situation than -I had held in their house.</p> - -<p>From London I subsequently made my way to -Bath, and from Bath to Bristol, always in search -of change, though everywhere doing well. When -in Bristol, however, I was struck down with -fever, and reduced to a penniless condition.<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_5"></a>[5]</span> -Then came the idea of returning to London, -which I duly carried out, walking all the way. -My foolhardiness proved almost fatal, for ere I -got to the metropolis, my illness came back upon -me, and I was scarce able to crawl to St. Bartholomew’s -Hospital in search of relief.</p> - -<p>My stay at St. Bartholomew’s was not a very -long one. Horrified at the terrible death of a -patient lying next to me, and fearful that, if I -remained, something equally horrible might be -my fate, I managed to obtain possession of my -clothes and to leave the institution. Thoughts -of home and mother decided my return to Colchester, -and thither I immediately proceeded to -make my way on foot. Again the fever attacked -me, and once more I had to seek the -friendly shelter of an hospital, this time taking -refuge in the Colchester and East Essex Institution. -Here I remained till I was permanently -recovered, after which I entered the service of -Mr. William Baber of the town. However, my -efforts to lead a sober conventional life were all -in vain. The wild longing for change came back -in renewed strength, and in a little while I had -left London altogether behind and journeyed to -Paris <em>viâ</em> Havre.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_6"></a>[6]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="II">II.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="noindent">I am amused as I look back now upon the utter -recklessness and daring of this proceeding of -mine. I knew not a soul in France; of the language, -not a word was familiar; and yet somehow -the longing to get away from England and to -try my luck on a new soil was irresistible. One -place was as good as another to me, and Paris -seemed rather more familiar than the other few -centres of activity with the names of which I -was then acquainted. And so to Paris I went. -It was my good fortune to hit upon an hotel -kept by an Englishwoman in the Faubourg St. -Honoré, and here I tarried for a time while my -little stock of money lasted. This was not by -any means a long period, and soon I found myself -reduced once more to a condition of penury, -having in the interval gained little but an acquaintance -with the principal thoroughfares and -their shops, and a slight knowledge of the language, -to which latter I was helped in no inconsiderable -degree by a wonderfully retentive -memory.</p> - -<p>Things were at a very low ebb for me indeed, -when help came from an entirely unexpected -quarter. Happening one Sunday to pass by the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_7"></a>[7]</span> -English Church in the Rue d’Aguesseau, of which, -by the way, the Rev. Dr. Forbes was at that time -chaplain, I was attracted by the music of the service -then proceeding, and entered the little unpretentious -place of worship. Here I joined heartily -in the service, with the order and details of which -I was perfectly familiar, having already sung in -the choir of my native town. My singing and -generally strange appearance attracted the attention -of a member of the church, with whom I -formed an acquaintance. We left the church -together—not however before I had promised -my assistance in the choir—and at his request I -breakfasted with my English friend at one of the -<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">crêmeries</i> in the Faubourg. Now, as then, a -respected citizen of Paris, I am happy to number -this countryman among the truest and most -steadfast of my friends.</p> - -<p>We passed the day together, attending the -remaining two services at the church, and in the -hours we spent in each other’s company I told -him my history and my needs. Warm-hearted -and impulsive, he immediately suggested that I -should vacate my room and share his lodging, -even going the length of advancing me money to -enable me to do so. Before a week had passed, -he had capped his goodness by securing a situation -for me; and I found myself at length comfortably<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_8"></a>[8]</span> -installed in the house of Withers, <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">à la Suissesse</i>, -52 Faubourg St. Honoré. Through his -influence also I became a paid member of the -church choir, and in a very short time I was -the recipient of the friendship and confidence of -Dr. Forbes and his wife, from both of whom I -received very many kindnesses. Thanks to them, -I was very soon enabled to better my position, -and to change to the house of Arthur & Co., -where matters improved for me in every way. -There then succeeded some of the happiest days -of my life. Freed from care and anxiety, with -all the necessaries of life at my control, and a -fund of boyish spirits and perfect health, I was -without a trouble or a dark hour, happy and contented -in my daily task.</p> - -<p>So the weeks and months came and went without -discovering any change in my position, till -an unlooked-for incident once more brought the -wild mad thirst for change and excitement back to -me, and sounded the death-knell of my quiet life. -On the 9th April 1861, the shot was fired at Fort -Sumpter which inaugurated the war of the Rebellion -of the United States. That shot echoed all -over the world, but in no place was the effect more -keenly marked than in the American colony in -Paris, which even in these early days was a very -numerous one.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_9"></a>[9]</span></p> - -<p>Arthur’s, the place of business of which I speak, -was one of the most favoured of the American -resorts, and here the excitement raged at fever -heat, as little by little the news came over the -sea. Those were not the days of the cable, -flashing the news of success or defeat simultaneously -with its occurrence, and picturing in vivid -phrase and description every incident and climax -of warfare, till almost the figures move before -us, and our eyes and ears are deadened by the -smoke and sound of shot. The tidings came in -snatches, and the absence of completeness and -detail only served to give the greater impetus to -discussion and imagination.</p> - -<p>There was no more excited student of the situation -than myself; and very soon, of course, I was -fired with the idea of playing a part in the scenes -which I was following with such enthusiasm and -zest. Friends and associates, many of them -American, were leaving on every hand for the -seat of war; and at last, throwing care and discretion -to the winds, I took the plunge and -embarked on the <i>Great Eastern</i> on her first -voyage to New York.</p> - -<p>I reached that city in good time, and without -delay enlisted in the Northern Army, in company -with several of my American associates -from Paris. In connection with my enlistment<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_10"></a>[10]</span> -there occurred a circumstance, trivial in itself -at the moment, yet fraught with the most important -consequences in regard to my after-life. -This was the taking to myself of a new name -and a new nationality. I had no thought of -remaining in America for any length of time—at -the outset, indeed, I only enlisted for three -months, the period for which recruits were -sought—and, regarding the whole proceeding -more in the light of a good joke than anything -else, I came to the conclusion that I should not -cause anxiety to my parents by disclosing my -position, and decided to sustain the joke by playing -the part of a Frenchman and calling myself -Henri le Caron. So came into existence that -name and character which, in after years, proved -to be such a marvellous source of protection and -success to me personally, and of such continued -service to my native country, whose citizenship -I had, by my proceeding, to resign.</p> - -<p>As subsequent events proved, however, I was -not to carry out my original idea of returning. -The three months came and went, and many -more followed in their wake, till five years -had passed and left me still in the United -States’ service. The life suited me. I made -many friends; soldiering was a pleasant experience; -and I was particularly fortunate in escaping<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_11"></a>[11]</span> -its many mishaps. I had no care for the morrow, -and, happily for me, I found my morrows to -bring little if any care to me. Only on one -occasion was I seriously wounded. This was -when, during an engagement near Woodbury, -Tennessee, I had my horse killed under me by -a shell, my companion killed at my side, and -myself wounded by a splinter from the explosive, -which laid me up for about a month.</p> - -<p>Interesting and animated as was my career as -a soldier, I must not delay to deal with it too -fully in detail, but must hurry on to that subsequent -life of mine in America, which possesses -the greatest interest for the public at large. I -shall, however, before leaving it, run over very -shortly the different stages of my soldiering -experience. The facts may be interesting to -the many people in this country and America -who are familiar with the history of the American -war of the Rebellion. I enlisted as a private -soldier on August 7, 1861, in the 8th Pennsylvanian -Reserves, changing therefrom to the -Anderson Cavalry, commanded by Colonel William -J. Palmer. Here I remained for a year -and ten months, serving through the Peninsula -campaign of the army of the Potomac, including -the battles of Four Oaks, South Mountain, -Antietam, and Williamsport, all of which were<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_12"></a>[12]</span> -fought under the command of General George B. -MacClellan.</p> - -<p>In October 1862, I joined, with my regiment, -the Western Army, under General William S. -Rosencranz, and participated in the advance from -Louisville, Nashville, and Murfreesboro’, including -the engagements at Tullahoma and Winchester, -and ending with the capture of Chattanooga and -Chicamanga in September of the same year. The -failure of Rosencranz at Chicamanga closed his -career. He was succeeded by General George -H. Thomas, who remained in command up to -the end of my service in the army. By this -time I had obtained a warrant as a noncommissioned -officer, and was principally engaged -in scouting duty. On the command in -which I served being ordered to the relief of -General Burnside at Knoxville, I left Chattanooga, -then in a state of siege and semi-famine, -and reaching Knoxville, I took part during the -whole of the winter of 1863 in the East Tennessee -campaign against the rebel General Longstreet, -my engagements including Strawberry -Plain, Mossy Creek, and Dandridge. I was fortunate -enough to be recommended for a commission -in 1864, and, after my examination before a military -board, was gazetted Second Lieutenant in -the United States Army in the month of July of<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_13"></a>[13]</span> -that year. For the next twelve months I was -exclusively employed in scouting duty, in charge -of a mounted company, serving in this capacity -under General Lovel L. Rousseau in West Tennessee. -In December 1864, being attached to -General Stedman’s division of the Army of the -Cumberland, I was present at the battle of Nashville, -and took part in all the engagements through -Tennessee and Alabama, being promoted in the -course of them to the rank of First Lieutenant.</p> - -<p>During 1865 I was appointed upon detached -service of various descriptions, filling amongst -other positions those of Acting Assistant-Adjutant-General -and Regimental Adjutant. At the close -of the war I joined the veteran organisations of -the Army of the Cumberland, and the Grand -Army of the Republic, and held the appointment -therein of Vice-Commander and Post-Surgeon, -ranking as Major.</p> - -<p>Long ere this I had, of course, given up all -idea of returning to France, and had communicated -my whereabouts and position to my parents, -much to their anxiety and dismay.</p> - -<p>Tragedy and comedy blended together in -strange fellowship in our experiences of those -days; and, as I write, a couple of amusing examples -of this occur to me. It was in 1865, when -engaged on scouting duty in connection with the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_14"></a>[14]</span> -guerilla warfare carried on by irregular bands of -Southerners, that I received the following order:—</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p class="center"> -“<span class="smcap">Head-Quarters, Third Sub-District, Middle Tennessee,</span><br> -<span class="smcap">“Acting Assistant-Adjutant-General’s Office,</span><br> -<span class="smcap">“Kingston Springs, Tenn.</span>, <em>May 17, 1865</em>.<br> -</p> - -<p>“<span class="smcap">Sir</span>,—The following despatch has been received:—</p> - -<p class="right"> -“<span class="smcap">Nashville</span>, <em>May 16, 1865</em>.<br> -</p> - -<p class="noindent">“Brig.-Gen. Thompson.</p> - -<p>“In accordance with orders heretofore published of the -Major-Gen. Commanding Dept. of Cumberland, Champ Fergusson -and his gang of cut-throats having refused to surrender, -are denounced as outlaws, and the military forces of this district -will deal with and treat him accordingly.</p> - -<p class="right"> -<span class="padr4">“By Command of Major-Gen. Rousseau,</span><br> -“(Signed) <span class="smcap">H. C. Whitlemore</span>,<br> -<span class="padr2">“Capt. and A.A.A.G.”</span></p> -</div> - -<p>This, of course, meant sudden death to any of -the band who might come within range of our -rifles. The men, indeed, were nothing less than -murderers and robbers, carrying on their devilish -work under the plea of fighting for Southern independence. -It was not long before an opportunity -was afforded me of coming in contact with -a specimen of the class, and it is on this meeting -that one of my anecdotes will turn.</p> - -<p>A few days after, when riding ahead of my -troop, in company with a couple of my men, in -order to “prospect” the country, with a view to -finding suitable accommodation for our wants, I -came to a well-built farmhouse a few miles from<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_15"></a>[15]</span> -the Duck River. As we approached the front, -my attention was attracted by an armed man, in -the well-known butter-nut grey uniform of the -enemy, escaping from the back in a very hasty -and suspicious manner. Reading his true character -in a moment, I shouted to him to halt, at the -same time directing my troopers to “head him -off” right and left. Disregarding our cries, he -started off in hot haste, while we pursued him in -equally hurried fashion. The chase was a hard -and a stern one, his flight being only broken for -a moment to allow of his discharging his carbine -at me. Not desiring to kill him, I saved my -powder, and in the end ran him to earth, and -stunned him with a blow from the butt-end of my -revolver.</p> - -<p>When my companions arrived, we proceeded to -examine our prisoner, and found, on stripping -him of his grey covering, that underneath he wore -the unmistakable blue coat of our own regiment, -with the plain indication of a corporal’s stripes -having been torn therefrom. As we had a few -days previously discovered the stripped, bullet-riddled -body of a brave corporal of ours, who -had been murdered by some of these scoundrels, -we at once concluded that this was one of his -assassins, and my troop, coming up at this point, -dealt him scant mercy, and filled his body with<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_16"></a>[16]</span> -their bullets ere consciousness returned. A search -of his pockets revealed his identity, his pocket-book -containing some two hundred dollars in -bills, and an oath of allegiance to the U.S. -Government, which he had doubtless used many -times to save his wretched life. The following -is a <em>facsimile</em> of the original document, which I -have kept through all these years—the stains -being those of the man’s blood:—</p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i_b016" style="max-width: 50em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i_b016.jpg" alt="(Oath of Allegiance)"> -</div> - -<p>Making our way back to the house, we discovered -two weeping women, and half-a-dozen -small children. A single question elicited the -fact that the elder of the two was the mother, -while subsequent inquiries proved that the dead -man was the notorious William M. Guin, a nephew -of ex-U.S. Senator Guin, of California, and one<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_17"></a>[17]</span> -of the leaders of as notorious a gang of cut-throats -as ever operated in the South-West. Our custom -was to burn the houses of any persons found -harbouring these guerillas, but the heartrending -entreaties of the wretched women and children -caused me to leave them unmolested. Some -time afterwards, when peace was finally declared, -I was quartered at Waverley, in the same vicinity, -and often met the unfortunate mother, -who knew me as “the man who killed her boy,” -though, as she told me, she never blamed me, -having often warned her son that he would come -to a bad end.</p> - -<p>And now for the other side of the picture. -During these operations, my men were principally -mounted on horses captured from the citizens, -who were invariably rebels; and as our habit -was to take every available animal when found, -the methods adopted to hide them in caves, -ravines, and swamps were sometimes very remarkable. -Upon one of my expeditions at the -time, in the direction of Vernon, on the Duck -River, I came across a fine black horse, which I -speedily confiscated to the use of “Uncle Sam.” -My prize, however, did not long remain in my -possession, for in a few days my quarters were -invaded by a deputation of the fair sex, who presented -me with the following amusing appeal:—</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_18"></a>[18]</span></p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent25">I.</div> - <div class="verse indent0">“We write in good spirits to you,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">For our glad expectations we hope to find true,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">That you’ll act as a gentleman always should do,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">And with a request from the ladies comply</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Which a fame would attain you that never should die;</div> - <div class="verse indent0">While we’ll think of you ever with kindness sincere,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">And say of you what it would please you to hear,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">And wish for you always a life long and free</div> - <div class="verse indent0">From grief and visitation that sometimes will be.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent25">II.</div> - <div class="verse indent0">“Now, what must you do these good wishes to gain,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">And make us rejoice that we asked not in vain?</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Well, a something ’twill be a great boon to obtain</div> - <div class="verse indent0">To us who now ask—and a kindness most true</div> - <div class="verse indent0">And most earnestly wished for—but to you</div> - <div class="verse indent0">It will be what they tell us a victory is—</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Quite easy to “Grant,” and we hope you’ll grant this.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent25">III.</div> - <div class="verse indent0">“We once (not long since) had a favourite here,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Obedient and gentle, deservedly dear;</div> - <div class="verse indent0">He was patient, obeying our will without force,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">And he seemed like a friend, though he was but a horse.</div> - <div class="verse indent0">How much we esteemed him we never can say,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">And Dixie we named him. You took him away!</div> - <div class="verse indent0">And sadly and truly we’ve missed him since then—</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Oh, captain, do give us poor Dixie again.</div> - <div class="verse indent0">If you have conquered <em>one</em> Dixie, be generous here;</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Return us the other we all count so dear,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">And we’ll say Captain Le Caron (and hold it so too)</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Is the very best soldier that ever wore blue.</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Your country is famed both in prose and in song;</div> - <div class="verse indent0">To its sons truth and justice are said to belong—</div><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_19"></a>[19]</span> - <div class="verse indent0">Good principle, honour, with bravery too;</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Prove now to us, captain, that this is quite true.</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Let us have our old friend—you have better by scores,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">But to us none so dear can e’er stand at our doors;</div> - <div class="verse indent0">None other can seem half so good or so wise,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">So worthy our care as he was in our eyes.</div> - <div class="verse indent0">You <em>must</em> be enlightened, be generous too;</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Give us back our poor Dixie,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Do, captain, please do.</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Just say we may have him, that welcome word say,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">And your petitioners will evermore pray.</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - -<p class="noindent pad50pc fs80"> -“<span class="smcap">Mary Barr.</span><br> -“<span class="smcap">Cynthia Barr.</span><br> -“<span class="smcap">Polly Hassell.</span><br> -“<span class="smcap">Mary L. G.</span>, <em>a sympathiser</em>.<br> -</p> - -<p class="noindent fs70"> -  “<span class="smcap">Vernon, Tennessee</span>,<br> -      “<em>July 1865</em>.</p> - -<p class="noindent fs80">“To Captain Le Caron.”</p> - -<p class="p1">I naturally pursued the only course which a -soldier could, and surrendered the horse. Strange -to say, one of my lieutenants afterwards surrendered -his affections and future happiness to one -of these fair damsels, and still lives with her as -his wife, surrounded by a charming family, away -out in central Kansas.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="III">III.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="noindent">In the midst of all my soldiering, I wooed and -won my wife. She is the principal legacy left -me of those old campaigning days of mine, as<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_20"></a>[20]</span> -bonny a wife and as sympathetic and valuable a -helpmate as ever husband was blessed with in this -world. Many years have gone by since we first -met away in Tennessee, where she, a bright-eyed -daring horsewoman, and I, a happy-go-lucky -cavalry officer, scampered the plains together in -pleasant company. Little thought either of us -then what the future years held in store. Yet -when these years came, and with them the -anxious moments, the uncertain intervals, and -the perilous hours, none was more brave, more -sympathetic than she. Carrying the secret of -my life close locked up in that courageous heart -of hers, helping me when need be, silent when -nought could be done, she proved as faithful an -ally and as perfect a foil as ever man placed like -me could have been given by Heaven. A look, -a gasp, a frightened movement, an uncertain turn -might have betrayed me, and all would have been -lost; a jealous action, a curious impulse, and she -might have wrecked my life; a letter misplaced, a -drawer left open, a communication miscarried, and -my end was certain. But those things were not -to be. Brave, affectionate, and fearless, frequently -beseeching me to end this terrible career in which -each moment of the coming hours was charged -with danger if not death, she tended her family -lovingly, and faced the world with a countenance<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_21"></a>[21]</span> -which gave no sign, but a caution which never -slumbered.</p> - -<p>I had not to wait for these later years, however, -to prove her readiness and resource. These had -been shown me long ere marriage was dreamt of -by either of us, and when, in one of the most -exciting episodes of my military career, she gave -me my freedom and my life. For our wooing -was not without its romance. Our first meeting -was quite a casual one. An officer in charge -of a party of thirty, engaged in scouting duty, I -stopped my little troop one night, in the winter -of 1862, at a house some fifteen miles from Nashville, -Tennessee, in order to rest our horses and -prepare our supper. We selected the house, and -stopped there without any prearrangement. This, -however, was in no way extraordinary. It was -quite the common practice to stop <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">en route</i> and -buy hospitality from the residents. The house -was the property of my wife’s uncle, and here she -lived. While our supper was being prepared, we -chatted agreeably together, and the time swept -pleasantly along, We were in fancied security, -and gave no thought to immediate danger. In -a moment, however, all was confusion. The -house was suddenly surrounded by a band of -irregular troops, calling themselves Confederates, -but in reality nothing more or less than marauders,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_22"></a>[22]</span> -and soon the fortunes of war were turned -against us.</p> - -<p>Half my little command, fortunately, escaped, -owing to their being with the horses at the time -of the enemy’s approach, and so enabled to take -to flight. The other half, however, with myself, -were not so fortunate. We were in the house, -surprised, and immediately taken prisoners. A -large log smoke-house was improvised for a prison, -and in this my comrades and myself were placed, -tortured with indignation and hunger, as the -riotous sounds which followed proclaimed to us -that our captors were partaking of the supper -which had been originally intended for ourselves. -Our position altogether was anything but a happy -one. Death was very near. Irregular troops like -those with whom we had to deal seldom gave -quarter. If we escaped immediate death, it would -be only to be brought within the Southern line to -be condemned to a living death in prison.</p> - -<p>We sat and pondered; and as the probabilities -of the future loomed heavily and darkly before -us, the sounds of revelry in the adjoining house -gradually died away. Our captors, filled with the -good things provided for us, gradually dropped -to sleep, and soon nothing was heard but the -measured movement and breathing of the guard -stationed at our door. In a little time, however,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_23"></a>[23]</span> -there was perfect silence, and our watchful ears -detected the absence of our sentry’s person. -Curious but silent we anxiously waited, and soon -heard the withdrawal of the bolt by some unknown -hand. Opening the door, we found the pathway -clear. My brave Tennessee girl, finding the -gang of irregulars all steeped in heavy slumber, -had decoyed our guard away on pretence of his -obtaining supper, and returning, had unbolted our -prison-house, prepared to face the consequences -when the sleeping ruffians awoke. Through her -action our safety was assured, and after walking -fifteen miles, we reached camp in the morning to -join our comrades, who had given us up for lost.</p> - -<p>This happened on Christmas Eve 1862; and -it was not until April 1864—sixteen months -afterwards—that I again met the girl who had -done so much for me, and who was subsequently -to become my wife.</p> - -<p>The house in which these exciting events had -taken place had meantime been totally destroyed -by the ravages of war, and she was now living -with her aunt in Nashville itself. I was stationed -in camp, there awaiting my examination before a -board of officers for further promotion, and here -occurred the most eventful engagement in which -I ever took part, where, conquering yet conquered, -I ignored all the articles of war and subscribed<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_24"></a>[24]</span> -to those of marriage, entering into a treaty of -peace freighted with the happiest of results.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="IV">IV.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="noindent">The war was now over and done, a thing of the -past. I was situated in Nashville with my wife -and family, and with my savings, happy in the -enjoyment of the moment, and the pleasant reminiscences -of the past. Henri le Caron, the -agent of the British Government in the camps of -American Fenianism, did not exist, and I had not -the shadow of a conception as to what the future -held in store for me. The future indeed troubled -me not one whit. Looking back, as I do now, upon -all that has happened since then, I am filled with -astonishment as great and sincere as that which -affected the world when I first told my story in its -disjointed way before the Special Commission. It -may be that I am somewhat of a fatalist—I know -not what I may be called—but my ideas, strengthened -by the experience of my life, are very clear on -one point. We may be free agents to a certain -extent; but, nevertheless, for some wise purpose -matters are arranged for us. We are impelled by -some unknown force to carry out, not of our own -volition or possible design, the work of this life, -indicated by a combination of circumstances, to -which unconsciously we adapt ourselves. In such a<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_25"></a>[25]</span> -manner did I become connected with Fenianism -and the Irish Party in America. For I never -sought Fenianism; Fenianism rather came to me.</p> - -<p>I use the phrase Fenianism as one that is -familiar, and requires no explanation from me. -All the world must surely know by this that -almost from time out of mind there has existed -in America a body of discontented and rebellious -Irish known as Fenians, who, working in -harmony with so-called Nationalists in this -country, seek the repeal of the Union between -Great Britain and Ireland. It will, however, -be necessary for me to say something about -the position of Fenianism at this time—I speak, -of course, of the year 1865—in order that what -follows may be quite clearly understood.</p> - -<p>Fenianism at this period was in a rather bad -way. Its adherents in America and Ireland were -divided into two hostile camps, and its most -recent effort had been of a very poor and depressing -character. In fact, the division of forces had -been brought about by the failure of this selfsame -effort, an attempt at the emancipation of Ireland, -which is known as “the ’65 movement.” It -was organised by the Fenians in Ireland and -America, under the direction of James Stephens; -and for the purpose of its development very many -officers and men crossed to Ireland from American<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_26"></a>[26]</span> -soil. The attempted rising, however, proved, -like almost all Fenian efforts, a fiasco. It was -found that Stephens had wofully misrepresented -the state of affairs at home, both as regards -preparation and enthusiasm; and those who had -come from America returned to their homes, -disgusted and indignant at the way in which they -had been sold.</p> - -<p>In the result disaffection quickly spread, and -the organisation in America broke up into hostile -camps, the majority, under the leadership of Colonel -W. R. Roberts, revolting from the leadership of -Stephens and Mahoney, and declaring their belief -that “no direct invasion or armed insurrection -in Ireland would ever be successful in establishing -an Irish Republic upon Irish soil, and setting -her once more in her proper place as a nation -amongst the nations of the earth.” Not content, -however, with the situation, the seceders met in -convention in September 1865 in Cincinnati, and -formed themselves into what was known for the -next eventful five years of its existence as the -Senate Wing of the Fenian Brotherhood. They -scoffed at the idea of invading Ireland successfully, -but by no means advocated a policy of -inaction. They simply sought to change the -base of operations. “The invasion of Canada” -became their cry; and with this as their programme<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_27"></a>[27]</span> -they succeeded in gaining the allegiance of some -thousands of the disaffected Irish, whose support -was attracted by the familiar device of a <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">de facto</i> -civil and military Irish Government upon paper, -framed upon the model of the United States. A -good deal of money was subscribed, and with -funds so obtained ammunition was purchased and -shipped along the Canadian border.</p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i_b027" style="max-width: 50em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i_b027.jpg" alt="Twenty-dollar bond"> -</div> - -<p>The methods of obtaining money were many -and varied, but none was more successful than -the issue of Fenian bonds. The following is a -reproduction of a twenty-dollar bond in my possession. -These bonds were given in exchange -for ready money to the many simple souls who -believed in the possibility of an Irish republic, -and who were quite ready to part with their<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_28"></a>[28]</span> -little all, in the belief that later on, when their -country was “a nation once again,” they would -be repaid with interest. Very many of the -persons displaying this credulity were Irish girls -in service in the States, and thus came into vogue -the sneering reference to the agitation being -financed by the servant-girls of New York.</p> - -<p>A curious feature of the intended invasion -was the publicity given to the design, and, more -remarkable still, the action, or rather want of -action, of the United States Government in -regard to it. This latter, indeed, was the subject -of very angry comment at the time on the part -of Englishmen resident in the States. It certainly -seemed strange, and passing all comprehension, -that the United States Government, -although in full possession of the facts, and quite -peaceful in its relations with England, could have -permitted the organisation of a raid upon a portion -of English possessions without movement -or demur on their part of any kind whatever. -Yet such is the deplorable fact. From the commencement -of the preparations till five days after -the Fenians had crossed at Black Rock, the -government of President Andrew Johnson did -nothing whatever to prevent this band of marauders -from carrying out their much-talked-of invasion.</p> - -<p>Let it not be thought that I exaggerate or draw<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_29"></a>[29]</span> -on my imagination. I do not. If evidence in -support of my statement be needed, it is to be -found in the speeches made from public platforms, -in open meetings, fully reported throughout the -country at the time.</p> - -<p>It was during this period that I was brought -into close acquaintance with Fenianism and its -workings. Strangely enough, it was my army -associations which formed the medium. Through -an old companion-in-arms, the man O’Neill mentioned -above, by whose side I had served and -fought, I learnt, at first casually, and in broken -conversation, what was transpiring in the circles -of the conspiracy. Indignant as I was at learning -what was being done against the interest of my -native country, I knew not how to circumvent -the operations of the conspirators, and did nothing -publicly in the matter. Without my own knowledge, -however, I was to become one of the instruments -for upsetting all these schemes. Writing -as I regularly did to my father, I mentioned -simply by way of startling news the facts I learned -from O’Neill. My letters, written in the careless -spirit of a wanderer’s notes, were destined to become -political despatches of an important character. -Without reference to me, my father made -immediate and effective use of them. Startled -and dismayed at the tidings I conveyed, he, true<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_30"></a>[30]</span> -Briton that he was, could not keep the information -to himself, but handed over my letters immediately -to John Gurdon Rebow, the sitting -member for Colchester.</p> - -<p>Mr. Rebow, fully concurring with my father as -to the importance of my news, proposed that he -should, without delay, communicate with the -Government of the day, to which my father -agreed. In this way my first connection with -the Government was brought about. So keenly -alive to the position of affairs did the Home -Secretary show himself, that he, as I learnt subsequently, -in the most earnest way requested my -father to correspond with me on the subject, and -to arrange for my transmitting through him to -the Government every detail with which I could -become acquainted. This I did, and continued -so doing until the raid into Canada had been -attempted, and attended with failure.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="V">V.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="noindent">Before proceeding further, I had perhaps better -give some idea of what the raid was like. The -details should prove of interest, if for no other -purpose than that of contrast with those of the -second attempted invasion, of which I shall have -to speak more fully later on. This, which was -the first invasion of Canada by the Fenian organisation,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_31"></a>[31]</span> -took place upon the morning of the -1st of June 1866. As I have already stated, the -design had been flourished in the face of government -and people for six months previously. All -this time active preparations were proceeding, -and thousands of stands of arms, together with -millions of rounds of ammunition, had been purchased -from the United States Government and -located at different points along the Canadian -border; while during the spring of the year, -military companies, armed and uniformed as -Irish Fenian soldiers, were drilled week by week -in many of the large cities of the United States.</p> - -<p>No opposition was offered to the proceedings; -indeed, John F. Finerty, the editor of the <cite>Chicago -Citizen</cite>, in a public speech made by him -at Chicago so late as February 5, 1886, declared -with great glee that Andrew Johnson, the then -President of the United States, openly encouraged -the movement for the purpose of turning -it to political account in the settlement of -the Alabama claims. Be the blame whose it -may, however, the result was not unsatisfactory. -The attempt proved a complete failure. The -Fenians were driven out of Canada, sixty of them -killed and two hundred taken prisoners, with the -loss of but six lives in the Canadian ranks. All -the same, however, the unsatisfactory condition<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_32"></a>[32]</span> -of things I speak of existed, while, to make -matters worse, not a single one of the defeated -invaders was called to account by the United -States for the violation of the Neutrality Laws.</p> - -<p>The whole affair, viewed from any but an -imaginative Fenian standpoint, was of a ludicrous -character. The time for the operation was -chosen by the Fenian Secretary for War, General -T. W. Sweeny, then commanding the 16th -United States Infantry stationed at Nashville, -Tennessee. A particular route had been selected, -but when the amount of funds came to be questioned, -the original idea of carrying the men by -steamer to Goodrich, Canada, had to be abandoned -for the less romantic but more economical process -of crossing the Niagara River in flat boats with -a steam tug called into requisition. Under the -command of General John O’Neill, and a number -of other gentlemen of high-sounding ranks, and -distinctly Irish patronymics, the raid actually came -off on the morning of the 1st of June, when about -3 <span class="allsmcap">A.M.</span> some 600 or 800 Irish patriots, full of -whisky and thirsting for glory, were quietly towed -across the Niagara River to a point on the -Canadian side called Waterloo!</p> - -<p>At 4 <span class="allsmcap">A.M.</span> the Irish flag was planted on British -soil by Colonel Owen Starr, commanding the -contingent from Kentucky, one of the first to<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_33"></a>[33]</span> -land. Unfortunately no Canadian troops were -in the vicinity, and O’Neill’s command, which -had by the next day decreased to some 500, -marched upon and captured Fort Erie, containing -a small detachment of the Welland battery. -Matters, however, were not long allowed to go -in favour of the invaders. In a very little time -the 22nd Battalion of Volunteers of Toronto—a -splendid band of citizen-soldiers—appeared upon -the scene, and at Ridgeway, a few miles inland, -there occurred a fair stand-up fight, in which the -Fenians in the end got the worst of the day’s -work. Ridgeway has frequently since been -claimed by the Fenian orators as a glorious -victory, but without justification. It is true that -at first, flushed with their almost bloodless victory -at Fort Erie, the Fenians advanced fiercely -upon their opponents, and for the moment -repulsed them; but in the end the Canadians -triumphed, and succeeded in putting the invaders -to flight, driving them back to Fort Erie a -frenzied, ungovernable mob, only too thankful to -be taken as prisoners by the United States war -steamer <i>Michigan</i>, and protected from total annihilation -at the hands of the, by this time, thoroughly -aroused and wrathful Canadian citizens.</p> - -<p>The following extracts from the official report -made by General O’Neill to Colonel William R.<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_34"></a>[34]</span> -Roberts, President of the Fenian Brotherhood, -though very highly coloured, admits the defeat:—</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“Here truth compels me to make an admission I would fain -have kept from the public. Some of the men who crossed -over with us the night before (<em>i.e.</em>, the morning of the 1st of June) -managed to leave the command during the day, and re-crossed -to Buffalo, while others remained in houses around the fort -marauding. (Real Irish patriots these!) This I record to -their lasting disgrace.</p> - -<p>“On account of this shameful desertion, and the fact that -arms had been sent out for 800 men, I had to destroy 300 -stand to prevent them from falling into the hands of the -enemy....</p> - -<p>“At this time I could not depend upon more than 500 men, -one-tenth of the reputed number of the enemy, which I knew -was surrounding me—rather a critical position.</p> - -<p>“Thus situated, and not knowing what was going on elsewhere, -I decided that the best course was to return to Fort -Erie and ascertain if crossings had been made at other points; -and, if so, I was content to sacrifice myself and my noble little -command for the sake of leaving the way open.</p> - -<p>“I returned to the old fort (Erie), and about six o’clock -sent word to Captain W. J. Hynes, and his friends at Buffalo, -that the enemy would surround me with 5000 men before -morning, fully provided with artillery; that my little command, -which had by this time considerably decreased, could not hold -out long; but that, if a movement was going on elsewhere, -I was perfectly willing to make the old fort a slaughter-pen, -which I knew would be the case the next day if I remained.</p> - -<p>“Previous to this time, some of the officers and men, realising -the danger of their position, availed themselves of the small -boats and re-crossed the river; but the greater portion of them—317, -including officers—remained until 2 <span class="allsmcap">A.M.</span>, June 3rd, when -all, except a few wounded men, went safely on board a large<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_35"></a>[35]</span> -scow attached to a tug-boat, and were hauled into American -waters.</p> - -<p>“Here they were hailed by the United States steamer, which -fired across their bows and demanded their surrender. With -this request we complied, not because we feared the twelve-pounders -or the still more powerful guns of the <i>Michigan</i>, but -because we respected the authority of the United States.”!!!</p> -</div> - -<p>Thus fought the Irish patriots of 1866. Thus -ended the first Fenian raid upon Canada. Not a -glorious achievement, by any means. Quite the -reverse, in fact. Even the leader of the expedition -himself has to subscribe to failure and defeat. -And yet there have been, and are to-day, men who -boast of all this as a glorious victory, and proudly -vaunt the statement that they were present at and -participated in it.</p> - -<p>Lucky it was that the movement was thus -defeated at its very start. If it had not, the -consequences might have been very different -indeed. The news of the temporary victory at -Fort Erie had a wonderful effect, and by the 7th -of June not less than 30,000 men had assembled -in and around Buffalo. The defeat of their -comrades, however, and the tardy issue of Andrew -Johnson’s proclamation enforcing the Neutrality -Laws, left them no opening, and so the whole -affair fizzled out in the most undignified manner. -Undignified indeed it was for all parties concerned. -The prisoners were, without a single exception,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_36"></a>[36]</span> -released on their own recognisances, and sent -home by the United States authorities; while the -arms seized by the United States Government, -through General Meade, commanding in Buffalo, -were returned to the Fenian organisation, only to -be used for the same purpose some four years -later.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="VI">VI.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="noindent">Meantime the conditions of peace, in purely -American matters, had set in, and the army was -reduced to a nominal footing. I took advantage -of the state of affairs to settle down to a civilian -style of life. The first question that called for -thought and care was my future vocation in life. -The father of a family, it became necessary for -me to look out for some means of obtaining a -settled income. Acting under the advice of an -old comrade, now a Senator of Illinois, I finally -determined to study medicine, and set to work in -this direction without delay.</p> - -<p>While so engaged, I paid my first visit to -Europe in the autumn or “fall” of 1867, and -once more met my father and mother in the flesh. -My letters regarding Fenian matters were naturally -a topic of interesting conversation between -us, and my father with much pride showed me -the written acknowledgments he had received<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_37"></a>[37]</span> -for his action in the matter. Poor old father! -Never was Briton prouder than he of the service -he had been enabled to do his country—services -unpaid and as purely patriotic as ever Englishman -rendered. No payment was ever made—none -was asked or expected—for whatever little -good I had been enabled to accomplish up to this -time. Matters, however, were now to develop -in a new and unexpected way. Mr. Rebow -expressed a desire to see me, and, accompanied -by my father, I visited him at his seat, Wyvenhoe -Park. He subsequently visited me on several -occasions at my father’s house, and had many -chats on the all-absorbing topic of Fenianism. -Learning from me that the organisation was still -prosperous and meant mischief—my friend O’Neill -having succeeded Colonel Roberts as president—he -gained my consent to enter into personal communication -with the English Government. In a -few days I received through him an official communication -requesting me to attend at 50 Harley -Street. To Harley Street I went, and there met -two officials, by whom a proposition was made -that I should become a paid agent of the Government, -and that on my return to the United States -I should ally myself to the Fenian organisation, -in order to play the <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">rôle</i> of spy in the rebel ranks. -I knew that this proposal was coming. I had<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_38"></a>[38]</span> -thought over the whole matter carefully, and I -had come to the conclusion that I would consent, -which I did. My adventurous nature prompted -me to sympathy with the idea; my British instincts -made me a willing worker from a sense of -right, and my past success promised good things -for the future.</p> - -<p>I returned, therefore, to the States in the -Government service; and, taking advantage of -an early meeting with O’Neill in New York, I -proffered him my services as a military man in -case of active warfare. O’Neill, delighted at the -idea, promised me a position in the near future, -and I returned to my home in the West, pledged -to help the cause there meantime.<a id="FNanchor_1" href="#Footnote_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a></p> - -<p>And now a few words as to O’Neill. Taking -the prominent part he did in Fenian affairs at -this time, he certainly proved a very interesting -personality. General O’Neill, Irish by birth, was -born on the 8th of March 1834, in the town of -Drumgallon, parish of Clontifret, Co. Monaghan. -He emigrated when young with his family to the -United States, and settled at Elizabeth, New -Jersey. Enlisting in the 2nd U.S. Cavalry as a<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_39"></a>[39]</span> -private soldier in 1857, he was engaged in fighting -Indians in the Far West for some three years. -Upon the breaking out of the War of the Rebellion, -he was commissioned as lieutenant in the 5th -Indiana Cavalry. From this he received promotion -in the 15th U.S. Coloured Infantry, with -which regiment he continued to the end of the -war. Resigning his command at the conclusion -of hostilities, he commenced business as a United -States Claim Agent in Nashville, Tennessee, -where, it will be remembered, I was stationed -with my regiment for a long time after the cessation -of active operations.</p> - -<p>When freed from the discipline of his military -service, O’Neill—ardent Fenian that he was—threw -himself heart and soul into the Irish rebel -movement in the States. He raised and commanded -the Tennessee contingent in the movement -upon Canada in 1866, taking command of -the entire expedition by reason of his seniority -of rank and his proved knowledge of military -tactics. I have already quoted his report of the -termination of this “invasion.”</p> - -<p>At the Cleveland Convention of September -1867, he was elected a senator of the Fenian -Brotherhood; and on the 31st of December 1867, -owing to the resignation of Colonel W. R. Roberts, -he was elected President of the Brotherhood.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_40"></a>[40]</span></p> - -<p>In personal appearance O’Neill was a very -fine-looking man. Nature had dealt kindly with -him. Within a couple of inches of six feet in -height, possessing a fine physique and a distinctive -Celtic face, he combined an undoubted military -bearing with a rich sonorous voice, which lent to -his presence a certain persuasive charm. He -had one fault, however—a fault which developed -to the extremest point when he attained the -presidency of the Fenian Brotherhood. This -was his egotism. He was the most egotistical -soul I ever met in the whole course of my life. -In his belief, the Irish cause lived, moved, and -had its being in John O’Neill; and this absurd -self-love contributed to many disasters, which a -more even-headed leader would never have -brought about.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="VII">VII.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="noindent">On my return to my Western home, I lost no -time in commencing my double life. I organised -a Fenian “circle” or camp in Lockport, Illinois, -and took the position of “centre” or commander -of it, thus becoming the medium for receiving all -official reports and documents issued by O’Neill, -the contents of which documents were, of course, -communicated by me to the Home Government. -I went to work with a will, and was soon in the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_41"></a>[41]</span> -very thick of the conspiracy, organised a military -company for the Irish Republican Army, and -eventually attended the Springfield Convention in -the position of a delegate.</p> - -<p>While so engaged, I entered the Chicago -Medical College, and commenced my medical -studies in earnest. I was much assisted in this -direction by the kindly help of an old friend, Dr. -Bacon, who had been attached to my regiment in -war times as surgeon. He was then surgeon to -the Illinois State Penitentiary, and through him -I obtained the position created at this time of -Hospital Steward, or, in other words, Resident -Medical Officer in that institution. There was a -comfortable salary attached to the office, which -I found to be in every sense a useful post. -Although, as matters turned out, I was only to -spend some few months there, I gained even in -this short time a vast amount of experience in -almost every branch of medical study.</p> - -<p>Life, indeed, in the Illinois Penitentiary gave -me experience in many ways. It brought me -for the first time into direct contact with many -of the evils which then affected official administration. -Things, of course, are different now, -though it must be confessed still anything but -perfect; but when compared with the usages of -olden times, the shortcomings of the present<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_42"></a>[42]</span> -system are of no account whatever. At the time -of which I speak, money could accomplish everything, -from the obtaining of luxuries in prison -to the purchase of pardon and freedom itself. -Everything connected with the prison administration -was rotten to the core. Corruption -was in every place. The penitentiary contained -some fifteen hundred prisoners, and the whole -management of affairs affecting these men was -vested in three Commissioners, as they were -styled, whose proceedings were of the most -flagrant and jobbing character. So great did the -scandals of their doings become at one period, -that one of the three had to abscond; but so -demoralised was the condition of affairs that no -attempt was made to arrest and bring him back. -These three men had no object save that of -gaining money. They were the proprietors of -a general shop inside the prison, from which the -prisoners purchased luxuries at usurious rates; -and the work of the prisoners themselves was let -out to contractors, who paid heavily for the privilege -of remaining undisturbed in their monopoly. -Everything was turned to money. In one case -I knew of a prisoner, failing to win his cause on -appeal, and having thereby to undergo a period -of seven years’ imprisonment, being offered his -release for a sum of 10,000 dollars, which offer he<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_43"></a>[43]</span> -refused, stating in the most business-like way that -he would only give 7000. This was not considered -satisfactory, and so the negotiations fell through.</p> - -<p>No popular idea of prison life now indulged in -at all fits in with the actual condition of affairs -five-and-twenty years ago. Money was useful for -the purpose of commerce in the Commissioners’ -interest, and therefore was allowed free circulation -amongst those confined. Those who could -afford it, and whose cases were not finally decided—appeals -were constantly being heard—were -allowed to board at the Governor’s table, to wear -their own clothes, and in every way conduct -themselves as if in a private house. In those -days the prisoners were not shaved—they wore -their hair and whiskers as they pleased. Those -who could not afford to live the lives of gentlemen -had the store to go to for petty luxuries; and so, -no matter how matters turned, the Commissioners -were the gainers. The Governor, or Warden, -as he was called, was their nominee, dependent -upon them for office; and everything was governed -by their wishes and desires.</p> - -<p>In such a vast assembly of criminals there -were many whose characters and careers formed -subjects for very interesting study to me. I was -fortunate in being connected with the prison at a -time when some more than usually clever and<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_44"></a>[44]</span> -facile scoundrels were temporarily resident there. -Towering head and shoulders over the whole -crowd was that king of forgers, Colonel Cross, -perhaps the most daring, successful, and expert -penman of our time. About forty years of age at -this period, a man of fine commanding presence, -splendid diction, and gentlemanly demeanour, -Cross attracted me from the first day I was -brought into contact with him. The son of one -of the most prominent Episcopalian clergymen in -the United States, he was possessed of a wide -classical education, and discoursed with intelligence -and wondrous fluency on theology, medicine, -and every kind of science.</p> - -<p>He was no ordinary criminal. Even in prison -he commanded admiration from his fellows, and -I was often amazed to see how respectful were -the salutations accorded him as he moved -about. He boasted, I learned afterwards with -truth, that he had never robbed a poor man; -and, strange being that he was, he had borne -almost all the cost of the education of his -brother’s children. Indeed, at the time I met -him, he was educating in the most expensive -manner a poor little girl whom, in a moment of -generous caprice, he had adopted as his daughter.</p> - -<p>When I was first brought into contact with -him, Cross had his case before the courts on<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_45"></a>[45]</span> -appeal, and, pending the decision, he was living -in the most expensive way in prison, boarding -at the Governor’s table, dressing in the most -fashionable way, and smoking the best of cigars. -Having no work to do, he interested himself in -the affairs of his fellow-prisoners; and so clever -and capable was he, and so great a knowledge of -law did he possess, that he succeeded in preparing -the cases of many of them for appeal in such a -way as to allow of their regaining their liberty.</p> - -<p>I had not been in the prison very long before -he appealed to me to take him as my assistant -in the hospital; and attracted by the man as I -was, I acceded to his request, to discover subsequently -that I had a most valuable attendant, -whose knowledge of medicine was both extensive -and practical.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="VIII">VIII.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="noindent">The career of Cross would supply material for a -most exciting novel. He always went in for -“big things,” as he phrased it. Nothing troubled -him more than the fact that he was then undergoing -punishment for a small affair which he -contemptuously referred to as being too paltry -altogether for association with him. Perhaps the -“biggest thing” he ever did was the forgery of a -cheque for £80,000 in Liverpool, and his escape<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_46"></a>[46]</span> -with the booty. Like many other talented criminals, -if he had but turned his ability to proper -account, he would undoubtedly have won a place -and name in the foremost ranks of honest men -to-day. He planned his enterprises with the -most consummate care, and worked them out for -months before reaching the final stage. An illustration -of his method was very well afforded by his -forgery on the Park National Bank of New York.</p> - -<p>Determining to commit a forgery on this bank, -he set to work to obtain the needful introduction -and guarantee for his accomplice, who should -eventually present the forged cheque. He, by -the way, never presented a forged cheque himself—this -was always the work of an accomplice. -In order, therefore, to obtain the introduction to -the bank, he opened some business with a certain -firm of brokers in Wall Street who happened to -“deposit” at the particular bank in question. In -this way he ran up an account for a respectable -sum, to obtain the repayment for which he one -day went to the office in Wall Street accompanied -by one Simmons, the accomplice in the future -forgery. The cheque—a draft for twelve hundred -dollars—was duly drawn, when Cross asked his -friend Simmons to go to the bank to cash it, -requesting in a free-and-easy way that the broker -might send one of his clerks with him to identify<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_47"></a>[47]</span> -Simmons, he being a stranger. No suspicion -was indulged in—there was no ground for such, -and the request was willingly complied with. -Simmons, coached by Cross beforehand, had -a hundred-dollar bill in his pocket, the use for -which will be apparent in a moment. When the -clerk and he reached the bank, the necessary -introduction took place; and in reply to the usual -question how he wished the money, Simmons -replied, “In hundred-dollar bills.” As the clerk -counted the notes, Simmons drew his bill out of -his pocket, and mixing all up as he stood aside -to check his payment, he recalled the clerk’s -attention by the announcement that he had given -him thirteen instead of twelve bills. The clerk -indignantly protested he had made no mistake. -Simmons, playing the <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">rôle</i> of honest man, became -distressed, the manager was appealed to, one of -the notes eventually received back, and Simmons -retired, the recipient of most fulsome thanks, his -character and reputation fully established in the -minds of the banking officials. Of course the -clerk was one hundred dollars to the good at the -end of the day, but Simmons’ claim to honesty -in no way suffered by the fact, as no one for a -moment thought of a plot.</p> - -<p>Content to lose the hundred-dollar bill, in the -promise of things to come, Cross continued his<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_48"></a>[48]</span> -legitimate traffic with the brokers, Simmons, on -the most friendly terms at the bank, cashing the -cheques, which increased in amount as the time -passed. Months had passed, and nothing of an -illegal nature had been attempted, when at the -end of the fifth month a genuine cheque for thirty -dollars was by Cross changed to 30,000, and -cashed by Simmons without the slightest hesitation -or suspicion at the bank, both Cross and -he escaping with the booty.</p> - -<p>Many and varied as were Cross’s tricks with -his pen, none was more daring or successful than -that which led to his escape from Sing-Sing -Prison, that famous home of criminals in New -York. Obtaining through outside agency a -printed and properly headed sheet of note-paper -and envelope from the Governor of the States’ -Office at Albany, he actually forged the order for -his own release, had it posted formally from Albany, -and, on its receipt, obtained his freedom without -provoking the slightest suspicion or inquiry.</p> - -<p>I am glad to say that Colonel Cross still lives, -and is now working out an honest existence under -another name in the north-west of America.</p> - -<p>My life at the Illinois Penitentiary was crowded -with incidents, and little leisure was left me. -Where real sickness did not exist, shamming and -malingering in their most ingenious phases were<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_49"></a>[49]</span> -resorted to. I was amazed at the talent brought -to bear upon their attempts to escape work by -those with whom I had to deal. Some of the -methods adopted were simply marvellous in their -conception and execution. A more quick-witted -lot of men it has never been my fate to meet. -Every twist and turn of daily life was subordinated -to the needs of the trickster, and not one single -daily incident seemed to be without its possibility -of application, either to assist in the attempt to -shirk work or to escape from imprisonment altogether. -Nothing in this way impressed me more -than the case of a man known as Joe Devine, -an eminent hotel sneak thief, some two-and-thirty -years of age, and of very distinguished appearance.</p> - -<p>It happened that one afternoon about five -o’clock a negro prisoner died of consumption. -It was the practice to bury the dead immediately -the coffin was made ready; but, owing to the fact -that the coffin in this case was not ready till after -the prison gates had been locked for the night, -the burial had to be postponed till the following -morning.</p> - -<p>Under the circumstances, I arranged that the -coffin with the body enclosed should remain for -the night in the prison bath-room. This Joe -Devine of whom I speak happened to be in -charge of the bath-room at this period, and it<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_50"></a>[50]</span> -therefore became his duty to see that proper -arrangements were made for the disposal of the -coffin for the night. Early the next morning, as -was customary, Devine and some of his fellow-prisoners -were allowed out of their cells some -little time before the others, in order to prepare -the bath-room and other places for their use. -With assistance Devine unscrewed the coffin, -took the dead negro out, and concealed himself -in his place, not, however, before he had worn -down the thread of the screws in the lid, so that -they could be thrust out with a heavy push from -the inside. The time for the funeral arrived in -due course, and the coffin was removed in a little -cart accompanied by two prisoners whose time -was nearly expired, and who were therefore trusted -outside the gates of the prison (being known by -the name of “trusties”), together with the clergyman -of the jail.</p> - -<p>Nothing happened till the grave was reached, -when Devine, presumably concluding that it would -be dangerous to remain longer where he was, -burst the lid of the coffin and jumped out, immediately -starting off at a run. The clergyman and -“trusties” being too horrified to offer any resistance, -he escaped without molestation. The first -I heard of the matter was on the return of the -clergyman and the “trusties” with the news that<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_51"></a>[51]</span> -the man had come to life; but, as they explained -in their horrified way, he was white, not a nigger! -The roll was called, and Devine was missing; so -we concluded he was the white man in question. -We then set to work to find the corpse of the poor -negro. For two hours the prisoners searched up -and down without any result. Eventually, however, -the body was discovered underneath a pile -of towels in one of the box-seats of the bath-room, -the corpse being doubled up in two, the head and -feet meeting, in order to permit of its being concealed -in its narrow hiding-place.</p> - -<p>Another escape equally effective, for the moment -at least, was that of a man known as Bill Forester, -a notorious bank robber, and one of the suspected -murderers of Nathan the Jew, whose death in -New York created a profound interest at the -time. Forester, fortunately for himself, selected -as his medium of exit one of the many boxes -employed by Mack & Co., contractors for shoe-making, -who employed some four hundred of the -convicts. Surrounded and hedged in between -boots and shoes, in one of the large boxes used -for their transport, Forester passed through the -prison gates in one of Mack’s vans, and not -till he had got a distance of a mile and a half -from the jail did he venture to emerge from his -hiding-place. His liberty, however, proved to<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_52"></a>[52]</span> -be only of a temporary character, for, caught in -another State a little later, the enterprising burglar -was again arrested, and carried back to the Penitentiary -to complete his term of imprisonment.</p> - -<p>His method had many imitations. None was -more novel or disastrous than that employed by -a fellow-convict whose name I cannot at the -moment recall. This poor fellow hit upon the -ingenious idea of getting out of durance vile -inside a load of horse-manure, and when the load -was half-way packed, he lay at full length with a -breathing space arranged, while the remainder -of the loading was completed. His intention, of -course, was to be freed from his uncomfortable -position within an hour, when the manure would -be discharged at the quay adjoining the prison. -To his horror, however, he discovered, when the -cart reached the quay, that a gang of fellow-convicts -were engaged unloading a boat under -the charge of armed wardens or sentries. To -attempt escape meant instant death, and there -he lay for hours with the heavy weight of the -upper portion of the cart’s load pressing upon -him. Six o’clock came and with it the return -of the men and sentries to prison. Through the -long weary hours of the night the poor fellow lay, -unable now to move from the consequences of -his continued prostration in the manure; and<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_53"></a>[53]</span> -when the morning arrived he was found but too -willing a captive. He was immediately placed -under my charge, but his recovery proved by no -means a rapid affair.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="IX">IX.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="noindent">In the midst of all these exciting incidents of -prison life, I received a telegram from O’Neill -in New York, as follows: “Come at once, you -are needed for work.” To comply was to surrender -my pleasant and interesting position, and -to lose for the moment all chance of pursuing my -medical study. On the other hand, however, -the opportunity of doing good service to my -native land presented itself. I did not hesitate. -Communicating immediately with the “Warden” -or Governor, I resigned my position, much to -his disgust. He sought an explanation. I could -give none. He offered an increased salary. I -was unable to explain why even this could -not tempt me, and so I left in a way which -was misunderstood, and under circumstances -which, by the very reason for their existence, -could not be appreciated.</p> - -<p>Hurrying to New York, I soon presented -myself in person to O’Neill at the headquarters -of the Fenian Brotherhood, then situated in -the mansion at 10 West Fourth Street. Here<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_54"></a>[54]</span> -I found the President of the Brotherhood, surrounded -by his staff of officials, transacting the -duties of their various positions with all the -pomp and ceremony usually associated with the -representatives of the greatest nations on earth. -I was not long left in suspense as to what was -required of me. Commissioned at the very -outset as Major and Military Organiser of the -Irish Republican Army (at a salary of sixty dollars -per month, with seven dollars per day expenses), -I was instructed to proceed to the Eastern States -in company with a civil organiser, in order to -visit and reorganise the different military bodies -attached to the rebel society. To my unhappy -amazement, I learned that I was, while engaged<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_55"></a>[55]</span> -on this work, to address public meetings in support -of the cause, and my miserable feelings were -accentuated by O’Neill’s desire that I should -accompany him, the very evening of my arrival, -to a large demonstration being held at Williamsburg, -a suburb of Brooklyn. I was in a regular -mess, for if called on to speak—as I feared—I -should be found absolutely ignorant of Irish affairs. -There was nothing for it, however, but to keep -a brave face, for I had undertaken my work, and -in its lexicon there was no such word as fail.</p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i_b054" style="max-width: 50em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i_b054.jpg" alt="(Commission as Major)"> -</div> - -<p>The evening came, and with it our trip to -Williamsburg. On arrival there, in the company -of O’Neill and some brother officers, I found -several thousands of persons assembled. We -were greeted with the greatest enthusiasm, and -given the seats of honour to the right and left of -the chairman. My position was a very unhappy -one. I was in a state of excessive excitement, -for I greatly feared what was coming. Seated as -I was next to O’Neill, I could hear him tell the -chairman on whom to call, and how to describe -the speakers; and, as each pause took place -between the speeches, I hung with nervous dread -on O’Neill’s words, fearing my name would be -the next. The meeting proceeded apace; some -four or five of my companions had already spoken, -and I was beginning to think that, after all, the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_56"></a>[56]</span> -evil hour was postponed, and that for this night -at least I was safe. Not so, however. All but -O’Neill and myself had spoken, when, to my -painful surprise, I heard the General call upon -the chairman to announce Major Le Caron. The -moment was fraught with danger; my pulses -throbbed with maddening sensation; my heart -seemed to stop its beating; my brain was on fire, -and failure stared me in the face. With an almost -superhuman effort I collected myself, and as the -chairman announced me as Major M‘Caron, -tickled by the error into which he had fallen, and -the vast cheat I was playing upon the whole of -them, I rose equal to the occasion, to be received -with the most enthusiastic of plaudits.</p> - -<p>The hour was very late, and I took advantage -of the circumstance. Proud and happy as I was -at being with them that evening, and taking part -in such a magnificent demonstration, they could -not, I said, expect me to detain them long at -so advanced an hour. All had been said that -could be said upon the subject nearest and dearest -to their hearts. (Applause.) If what I had experienced -that night was indicative of the spirit -of patriotism of the Irish in America—(tremendous -cheering)—then indeed there could be no fears -for the result. (Renewed plaudits.) And now I -would sit down. They were all impatiently waiting,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_57"></a>[57]</span> -I knew, to hear the stirring words of the -gallant hero of Ridgeway, General O’Neill—(thunders -of applause)—and I would, in conclusion, -simply beg of them as lovers of liberty and -motherland—(excited cheering)—to place at the -disposal of General O’Neill the means (cash) -necessary to carry out the great work on which -he was engaged. This work, I was confident, -would result in the success of our holy cause, and -the liberation of dear old Ireland from the thraldom -of the tyrant’s rule, which had blighted and -ruined her for seven hundred years.</p> - -<p>These last words worked my hearers up to the -highest pitch of enthusiasm, and amidst their -excited shouts and cheers I resumed my seat, -with the comforting reflection that if it took so -little as this to arouse the Irish people, I could -play my <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">rôle</i> with but little difficulty. And as -time passed on, and my experience widened, the -justice of the reflection was fully assured. With -a little practice and scarce any labour, save that -necessitated by the use of a pair of scissors -and some paste, I succeeded in hoodwinking the -poor and deluded, together with the unprincipled, -blatant, professional Irish patriots.</p> - -<p>Before, however, starting on my travels as -organiser, I had an experience which went far to -justify all I had previously thought and heard as<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_58"></a>[58]</span> -regards the part played by Andrew Johnson in -connection with the first Canadian raid. I recall -the incident as important, as showing to what extremes -American political exigencies have carried -men in catering for the Irish vote in America. -About American politics generally I shall have -something to say later on; but as this matter fits -in chronologically here, I think it better to deal -with it now. Johnson, it must be remembered, -was not by any means a man above suspicion. -In 1868, so great was the disaffection with his -administration of the Presidency, that he was -impeached, though unsuccessfully, by the Senate.</p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp54" id="i_b058a" style="max-width: 50em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i_b058a.jpg" alt=""> - <div class="caption">ALEXANDER SULLIVAN</div> -</div> - -<p>It was in this year—1868—that, at O’Neill’s -request, I accompanied him to the White House -to have an interview with Johnson. O’Neill and -he had been personal friends from ’62, when -Johnson had acted as Military Governor in -Tennessee. The precise object of our visit was -the securing of Johnson’s influence in the return -of the arms to the Fenian Brotherhood, previously -seized by the American Government. It will be -remembered that I mentioned, some pages back, -that every gun taken by the United States -Government, after the first raid in 1866, was -returned to the Fenian organisation by this -government under a promise, only made to be -broken, that they should not be used in any<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_59"></a>[59]</span> -unlawful enterprise; and in consideration of -certain worthless bonds.</p> - -<p>Our reception at the White House was a -cordial one, O’Neill’s distinctly so. During the -conversation the President used some remarkable -words. So strange did they sound in my ears, -that they impressed themselves upon my memory, -and are even now fresh in my recollection.</p> - -<p>“General,” said Johnson, addressing O’Neill, -“your people unfairly blame me a good deal for -the part I took in stopping your first movement. -Now I want you to understand that my -sympathies are entirely with you, and anything -which lies in my power I am willing to do to -assist you. But you must remember that I gave -you five full days before issuing any proclamation -stopping you. What, in God’s name, more did you -want? If you could not get there in five days, -by God, you could never get there; and then, -as President, I was compelled to enforce the -Neutrality Laws, or be denounced on every side.”</p> - -<p>Such was the language used, such the position -assumed, and such the apology tendered to the -Fenian leader of 1868 by the President of the -United States Government. Can any comment -of mine point the moral and adorn the tale of all -this better than the incident itself can do when left -in its naked and startling significance? I think not.</p> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_60"></a>[60]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="X">X.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="noindent">I entered with a will upon my duties as travelling -organiser, and was alike successful in winning -the confidence of almost every Fenian with whom -I was brought into contact, and in obtaining -the most important information and details for -the Home Government. Matters had meantime -proceeded apace, so that when the Philadelphia -Convention of 1868 was held, O’Neill’s determination -to invade Canada a second time was ratified -without a dissentient voice. I was now promoted -to the rank of Inspector-General, and was from -time to time sent along the Canadian border to -locate the arms and ammunition. The situation -was becoming critical where British interests were -concerned; and, in order to grapple with the -pressure of the moment, I was placed in direct -communication with Lord Monck, then Governor-General -of Canada. I paid a visit to Ottawa, and -when there, planned a system of daily communication -with the Chief Commissioner of Police in -Canada, Judge J. G. M‘Micken, with whom, from -this date to the total disruption of the Fenian -organisation in 1870, I acted in concert and in -the most perfect harmony.</p> - -<p>I cannot speak too highly of the treatment I<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_61"></a>[61]</span> -received at Judge M‘Micken’s hands. Comparatively -young in years as I was then, distinctly -youthful in Secret Service experience, I found him -ever ready and willing to help me, meeting me -at a moment’s notice, placing everything at my -disposal, and watching over my safety and my -interests with a fatherly care which I shall ever -recall with thoughts of the keenest appreciation. -Equally pleasant and agreeable was my -connection with the Home Government. Many -changes had taken place since my visit to -England, and those with whom I had first had -communication had disappeared from this work -to give place to Mr. Anderson, with whom alone -I had to deal from this time forward. I shall -have a good deal to say about Mr. Anderson -further on, and therefore I shall only delay here -to repeat what I have said above, that with -England as with Canada my connection was of -the most satisfactory and pleasant character.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="XI">XI.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="noindent">It was during the autumn of 1868 that, in the -course of my travels on behalf of the organisation, -I first met Alexander Sullivan. Alexander -Sullivan is a well-known man to-day, but if by -any chance his identity has to be marked, little<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_62"></a>[62]</span> -else need be mentioned beyond the words, “The -Cronin affair.” He was a young man then, but -then as now he was the same Alexander Sullivan, -clever, unscrupulous, careful only of himself, subordinating -everything to his personal ambition, -using Irish politics as a stepping-stone to advancement -in American affairs, and reckless who or -what suffered if but he did succeed.</p> - -<p>The “Arch Fiend” of Irish-American politics, -as he has been dubbed, and the alleged chief conspirator -in the brutal murder of Dr. Cronin, is no -ordinary man; he is an individual with a history, -and that not by any means a creditable one. The -son of a British pensioner, born in Canada some -forty-five years ago, he left that country under a -cloud, and settled down in Detroit, where he -started a boot-and-shoe store in the Bresler -Block, Michigan Avenue. On the night of the -12th May 1868 a fire totally destroyed his shop -and its contents. The occurrence had its suspicious -features, and Sullivan was arrested on a -charge of arson. Although the over-insurance -of his goods and other questionable proceedings -were proved at the trial, he gained his liberty -through an alibi, sustained by the evidence of -Margaret Buchanan, a teacher in the public -school of Detroit, who afterwards became his -wife. A man, as I have said, of stirring ambition,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_63"></a>[63]</span> -he had from the outset of his career -in Detroit taken a prominent part in political -affairs, and his status as an Irish leader (he was -then a State “Centre” for Michigan) lent his -position and views a certain importance. He -took an active part in the then pending national -campaign upon the side and in the interests of -General Grant and Schyler Colfax, who in that -year were nominated as the respective Republican -candidates for President and Vice-President of -the republic.</p> - -<p>It was at this time that Sullivan commenced -his political tricks in the manipulation of the Irish -vote in American party interests, and it was in -consequence of his action in this respect that I -was first brought into contact with him. Previous -to this date, the Irish vote had been almost -exclusively Democratic; but, from the loud and -frequent complaints which reached headquarters, -Sullivan was found to be using his influence in -the organisation for political purposes, and seeking -to bring about a change of policy in the -organisation itself, which threatened a serious -schism amongst our members.</p> - -<p>I was despatched by the President to Detroit -in order to investigate the case, and if possible -settle the difficulty. I found ample proof of -Sullivan’s guilt of the charges alleged against<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_64"></a>[64]</span> -him, and, after repeated interviews between us, -he agreed that the best thing he could do would -be to hand in his resignation as State “Centre” -of the Brotherhood, which he accordingly did. -My intercourse with him at this time left no -doubt on my mind as to his great ability. His -line of defence was an exceedingly clever one, -and is well worth recording here, as showing how -in these early days Sullivan had carefully mapped -out his policy in regard to Irish affairs, and their -connection with American matters. He contended -that, in all he had done, he had had the -best interests of Ireland at heart. He did not, -he said, consider that the Irish people in America -had ever occupied the position in the body politic -to which they were fairly entitled. The Irish -vote, argued he, had been hitherto solidly cast -for the Democratic party. Only a division of that -vote would cause them to be a potent power in -politics. With that position and influence to -which they were entitled assured to them, they -could make terms with the American Government -for the cause of Ireland.</p> - -<p>The history of the past twenty years shows -how cleverly Sullivan worked out these views of -his, and gained acceptance for them at the hands -of his fellow-patriots. The pity of it is, however, -that in the result Ireland has gained not at all,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_65"></a>[65]</span> -while Irish patriots like Sullivan and Egan have -filled their pockets and reaped their harvests in -Chili and elsewhere.</p> - -<p>Sullivan’s immediate reward was his appointment -as United States Collector of Internal -Revenue at Santa Fé, New Mexico. His resignation -of his official position in the Brotherhood -had come too late; his work bore fruit in the -Presidential election, the vote was split, and so -he earned his wage. It is worthy of note that -this was the first time the Irish vote was split, -and that Sullivan was the primary cause of it. -Ever since the vote has so remained, to the -advantage of the Irish leaders of both sides, who, -in the scramble for office, barter the adhesion of -their followers in the public market-place.</p> - -<p>Santa Fé, however, did not hold Sullivan long. -His shady methods compelled him to make an -inglorious exit; and so he was to be found in the -year 1873 working with his wife, <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">née</i> Buchanan, in -a reporting capacity on Chicago newspapers.</p> - -<p>Here for the present, however, I must leave -Sullivan. I have dealt thus fully with the man -at this early stage, because of the strange influence -he from this time forth wielded over Irish -politics in America; and in order to properly -represent his character, I have somewhat anticipated -events in his life which are far ahead of the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_66"></a>[66]</span> -time with which I am at present dealing. I have -done so advisedly, for Sullivan will play a large -part in the chapters to which I must now proceed. -Where his personality will not thrust itself -upon the scene, his shadow will darken every -act and incident. From this time onward, for a -period of twenty years, I used the man as my -dupe. Feeding his vanity, assisting his ambition, -helping him in the hundred and odd ways in which -it was possible for me to do, I gained his friendship -and his confidence to such an extent, that no -man in the whole course of my career in the Secret -Service proved a more valuable, albeit an unconscious, -ally than he.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="XII">XII.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="noindent">Before continuing my narrative, I will stop to -relate one of the few cases in which I was forced -into a very narrow place, and faced with the near -possibility of complete exposure. The incident -is useful as illustrating the dangers by which I -was surrounded, and the requirements of the -position in which I was placed. At a council of -war held in Troy House, Troy, New York, in -the month of November 1868, I came in contact -with John Roche, well known as one of the -shining lights of Irish nationality in that city.<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_67"></a>[67]</span> -Roche was one of those hypercritical and over-suspicious -individuals who were constantly recognising -British detectives in every stranger whom -they met. He had been, I discovered, originally -a resident of Montreal, and as I had been instructed -by O’Neill to visit and study the enemy’s -country, I indicated to Roche my desire of ascertaining -the names of a few reliable brothers whom -I could visit. The truth was that the Canadian -Government were at this time particularly anxious -to find out the extent of the organisation which -they knew existed in several of their large cities, -notably Montreal, Kingstown, and Toronto; and -I thought this a good opportunity of getting -some useful hints.</p> - -<p>Roche furnished me with the names of several -leading members. Unluckily for me, I foolishly -wrote the particulars down in a note-book in -his presence. The act, in his opinion, was a -suspicious one. He watched me closely, and -evidently conceived the idea that my patriotism -was of a very incautious character, if not worse. -On the eighth of the following month, at the -Annual Convention held in the Masonic Hall, -Philadelphia, to which he was a delegate, I -found his suspicions solidified in the form of a -set of charges against me, imputing carelessness, -dangerous conduct, and suspicious acts. My<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_68"></a>[68]</span> -friends, and they were legion, together with -myself, indignantly denied the allegations, and -virtuously demanded an inquiry, which was -granted, and a committee was appointed to lay -the charges. Roche was duly heard, injured -innocence was largely <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">en evidence</i> on my part, -and very quickly a unanimous verdict was reported -back to the Convention, asserting that -the charges were scandalous and without the -slightest foundation, it being fully demonstrated -by the following letter that I was authorised to -visit and acquaint myself with the other side, as -I represented to Roche:—</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p class="right"> -<span class="smcap padr2">“Head-Quarters Fenian Brotherhood,</span><br> -<span class="smcap padr4">“No. 10 West Fourth Street,</span><br> -<span class="smcap">“New York</span>, <em>October 23, 1868</em>.<br> -</p> - -<p class="noindent"> -<span class="smcap">“P. O. Box 5141.</span><br> -<span class="smcap pad1">“Henry le Caron</span>,<br> -<span class="pad2">“Care of Capt. T. O’Hagan</span>,<br> -<span class="pad3">“Ogdensburg, N.Y.</span><br> -</p> - -<p>“<span class="smcap">Dear Sir and Brother</span>,—Yours of the 20th and 21st -came duly to hand and are perfectly satisfactory.</p> - -<p>“I think it better not to commence equalising goods just -yet; I will write you again on the matter.</p> - -<p>“It would be highly beneficial to us for you to avail yourself -of every opportunity to study the country on both sides -of the line for future emergencies.</p> - -<p>“Everything here is going on satisfactorily.</p> - -<p class="right"> -<span class="padr6">“Yours fraternally,</span><br> -<span class="smcap">“John O’Neill,</span><br> -<span class="padr2">“<em>Pres. F.B.</em>”</span><br> -</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_69"></a>[69]</span></p> - -<p>I did not, however, deem it prudent to let -matters rest even here, feeling that my ultimate -success in the interests of the Government -depended upon absolute confidence on the part of -the ruling powers. Accordingly I sat down and -immediately wrote out my resignation as an officer -of the Irish Republican Army, giving this want -of confidence as my reason, and couching my -letter in indignant terms. As I hoped and anticipated, -my letter brought the following welcome -response, which placed me on a surer footing than -ever, and brought me into even more confidential -relations with the head of the organisation than I -had hitherto enjoyed:—</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p class="right"> -<span class="smcap">“War Department, Fenian Brotherhood,</span><br> -<span class="smcap padr2">“No. 10 West Fourth Street,</span><br> -<span class="smcap">“New York</span>, <em>December 29, 1868</em>.<br> -</p> - -<p class="noindent"> -“P. O. Box 5141,<br> -<span class="pad1">“Major <span class="smcap">H. le Caron</span>,</span><br> -<span class="pad2">“Box 1004,</span><br> -<span class="pad3">“Chicago, Ill.</span><br> -</p> - -<p>“<span class="smcap">Major</span>,—Your letter tendering your resignation as an -officer of the I.R.A. came duly to hand, but I delayed answering -until such time as I could submit it to the President, who -was out of town, as without his instructions I could give you -nothing definite in reply. He now directs me to say that it is -his wish you should remain an officer of the organisation, -and that if you require a leave of absence for a month or -more, you can have it. He further says he hopes it will not -be long before the opportunity you refer to may be granted. -Your services have been thoroughly appreciated both by him -and the officials of both Departments, civil and military, therefore<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_70"></a>[70]</span> -you should not notice the inuendoes or taunts of parties -who cannot value your services. If the officers of the organisation -who have been vilified and calumniated were to resign -on that account, some of its best officers would not now be at -their post. The ‘Patriot’s meed is bitter;’ they must bear -with much, even from those who should be the first to defend -and sustain them.</p> - -<p>“Personally, I would advise you to act on the suggestions -of the President, and hope you will.</p> - -<p>“The President will write you in a few days. Whatever -course you may decide upon pursuing in this matter, you shall -always carry with you the best wishes of</p> - -<p class="right"> -<span class="padr6">“Your friend and brother,</span><br> -“<span class="smcap">J. Whitehead Byron,</span><br> -<span class="padr2">“<em>Col. & A.A.G., F.B.</em>”</span><br> -</p> -</div> - -<p>I got thus safely out of my awkward position, -and learnt one good lesson. I never kept a -pocket-book again.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="XIII">XIII.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="noindent">The Annual Convention to which I have made -reference in connection with the Roche incident -took place in Philadelphia, “the city of brotherly -love,” in the month of December 1868. It was -made the occasion of an immense demonstration, -no less than 6000 armed and uniformed Fenian -soldiers parading the streets. The convention -itself was numerically a large one, and was attended -by over 400 properly qualified delegates. -The proceedings were of the usual kind. Brag<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_71"></a>[71]</span> -and bluster were the order of the day. The determination -to invade Canada once more was still -upheld by the vote of the assembly, and the -position of O’Neill and his colleagues was as -fixed and satisfactory as ever—that of myself, of -course, being included in this reference.</p> - -<p>The report of the envoy to the sister organisation -in Ireland—Daniel Sullivan, Secretary of -Civil Affairs—was an interesting document, and -contained full details of the Clerkenwell Explosion -of the previous year. This was the attempt to -blow up Clerkenwell Prison which Mr. Parnell -subsequently described in reply to Mr. Gladstone—the -old Mr. Gladstone, I mean, not the new -one—as “a practical joke.” It was, however, as -we in Philadelphia were to learn, anything but a -practical joke. It was rather as cool and carefully -planned a scheme as ever Fenianism indulged in -to spite the British Government. If the attempt -failed to accomplish all that was expected of it, it -was yet very fruitful in drawing from Mr. Gladstone -a confession about its effect being “to bring -the Irish question within the range of practical -politics,” which has ever since proved the most -effective and popular argument advanced on -behalf of dynamite in the United States.</p> - -<p>About this time, John Boyle O’Reilly, a very -well-known Irishman, late editor of the <cite>Boston<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_72"></a>[72]</span> -Pilot</cite>, a poet and novelist, and author of a -delightfully written novel, “Moondyne,” the -material for which was obtained during his confinement -in Australia as a Fenian prisoner, first -arrived in New York, having succeeded in -making his escape from the convict settlement at -Freemantle. With his appearance came the idea -of rescuing his fellow-prisoners. The proposal, -first mooted in uncertainty, was eventually taken -up with the greatest enthusiasm, and carried to -a most successful conclusion. For the purpose a -whaler was chartered by the organisation and -fitted out at New Bedford, Massachusetts, with -the ostensible object of whaling in the South -Seas, but, in reality, for bringing the convicts off -from Australia. The boat was partially manned -by trusted men of the organisation, though, to -keep up the deception, a certain number of well-known -whalers’ men went to make up the crew. -On arrival at Australia, some of the most trusted -Fenians were landed with instructions to open up -communication with the convicts, while the vessel -cruised about on the high seas. It was not -anticipated that the task set the men left on shore -would be a difficult one, because the convicts -were hired out as labourers during the day, and -communication with them was not by any means -a trying matter. As affairs turned out, it was<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_73"></a>[73]</span> -quite easy. The men from the whaler, however, -had not been landed more than a day or two, when -they found that they were not the only persons -arranging the convicts’ rescue. Two men—M‘Carthy -and Gray—were already at work in this -direction, having been sent out by the Supreme -Council of the Fenian Brotherhood in Ireland, at -the instigation, as he claimed to me subsequently, -of Patrick Egan. M‘Carthy and Gray had, it -appeared, already established communications -with the convicts; and so, in order to expedite -matters, the two sections of rescuers joined forces. -On a given day, the plot was carried to a successful -termination, and the rescued men were placed -on board the whaler, which immediately set out -for the States. Although an armed cruiser was -immediately despatched to stop it, and some firing -took place, the whaler succeeded in getting out of -Australian waters and on the high seas in safety.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="XIV">XIV.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="noindent">The year 1869 saw O’Neill still at the helm of -Fenian affairs, and large sums of money rolling in -to the coffers of the organisation; although, as -always the case with Irish movements, dissensions -reigned within the ranks. The Stephens section, -now presided over by John Savage, who had<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_74"></a>[74]</span> -succeeded John O’Mahony, was constantly -attacking the Senate wing, and many and bitter -were the feuds which raged. In my position as -Inspector-General of the Irish Republican Army, -I was fully engaged in my old work of inspecting -the companies, and directing the location of arms -along the Canadian country for coming active -operations. In this way I distributed fifteen -thousand stands of arms and almost three million -rounds of ammunition in the care of the many -trusted men stationed between Ogdensburg and -St. Albans. Some thousands of these guns were -breech-loaders, which had been re-modelled from -United States Government “Springfields” at -the arms factory, leased, and “run” by the -organisation at Trenton, New Jersey. The depôt -from which the bulk were packed and shipped -was “Quinn and Nolan’s” of Albany. Quinn -was a United States Congressman and Senator of -the Fenian Brotherhood; and Nolan, that very -Mayor Nolan so prominently mentioned by Mr. -Parnell in his evidence as one of the eminently -conservative (!) gentlemen who received him in -America. Constantly the recipient of compliments -for the admirable way in which I discharged -my duty, I was now promoted to the office of -Assistant Adjutant-General, with the rank of -Colonel; and my new position enabled me not<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_75"></a>[75]</span> -only to become possessed of the originals of every -document, plan of proposed campaign, &c., but also -specimens of the Fenian army commissions and -uniforms of the time, which of course I conveyed -to the officials of the Canadian Government.</p> - -<p>Successful as I was in evading detection -through all this work, those assisting me in -my Secret Service capacity were not always -destined to share in my good luck. This was -particularly the case on one occasion. I was -at the time shipping arms at Malone, N.Y., and -attended, on behalf of the Canadian Government, -by one of the staff of men placed at my -disposal for the purposes of immediate communication -and the transit of any documents requiring -secrecy and despatch, as well as for personal -protection, should such prove necessary. This -man, John C. Rose, was one of the most faithful -and trusted servants of the Canadian administration, -and for months he followed me along the -whole border. Though stopping at the same -hotels, and in constant communication with me, -no suspicion was aroused, until his identity was -disclosed by a visitor from the seat of Government -at Ottawa to G. J. Mannix, the head-centre -of that Gibraltar of Fenianism, Malone. Men were -immediately set to watch him without my knowledge, -and the fact of his being found always in<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_76"></a>[76]</span> -my wake on my visits to and return from several -towns led to the belief that he was spying upon -my actions. A few nights after this belief had -been formed, poor Rose, on his return from sending -a despatch from the post-office, was waylaid, -robbed, and brutally beaten, and subsequently -brought back to the hotel in as sorry a plight as -I ever saw. I was immediately advised by my -Fenian friends as to the dangerous character of -this mutual enemy of ours, as he was termed; and -though shocked and embittered by the treatment -accorded to the poor devoted fellow, I had, for -politic reasons, to applaud their cowardly assault, -and to denounce my brave friend, who was bearing -all his sufferings in silence and with a splendid -spirit. For months poor Rose was quite prostrated, -and through this act of my brother Fenians, -I was deprived of the services and co-operation of -as faithful and capable an ally as ever was given me.</p> - -<p>In the winter of 1869, the Fenian Senate announced -the completion of the arrangements for -the invasion; and in the month of December the -Ninth Annual Convention was called in New -York. In connection with this convention, I -was called upon to perform a little act which -served to more closely knit the bonds of friendship -between O’Neill and myself, and, if possible, -to obtain for me an even larger share of his confidence<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_77"></a>[77]</span> -than I had hitherto enjoyed. O’Neill, as -was customary in Irish revolutionary circles, had, -in his capacity of leader, been making free with -the funds of the organisation. In a word, he -had been spending for personal purposes monies -received from the circles or camps. Professor -Brophy, the Treasurer, one of the few honest -deluded Irish patriots of the time, refused to cook -the accounts in order to cover the President’s -delinquencies. The books had to be submitted -to the Convention, and O’Neill was in a frightful -difficulty. In his embarrassment he came to me, -and, to my surprise, made a clean breast of the -whole matter. The opportunity was too good a -one to be lost. I advanced the money, and took -his note of hand, thus saving his reputation before -the Convention.</p> - -<p>Need I say that money was never repaid me. -Surely not! The only memento which I have of -my dollars is O’Neill’s note of hand, which, as a -curiosity, I have preserved to this date. It is -certainly an interesting document, so I give it -here.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p class="right"> -“<span class="smcap">New York</span>, <em>April 19, 1870</em>.<br> -</p> - -<p class="noindent">“$364, 41/100.</p> - -<p>“Received from Colonel H. le Caron, three hundred and -sixty-four dollars and 41/100, borrowed money, to be returned -whenever demanded.</p> - -<p class="right"> -<span class="smcap">“John O’Neill.</span><br> -“<em>Pres. F.B.</em>”  <br> -</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_78"></a>[78]</span></p> - -<p>A council of war followed, and all was now -activity. In view of active operations in Canada, -all monies were called in, and orders were issued -from head-quarters to have in readiness all the -military organisations. The final order was issued -in April as follows:—</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p class="right"> -<span class="smcap padr2">“Head-Quarters Fenian Brotherhood,</span><br> -<span class="smcap padr4">“No. 10 West Fourth Street,</span><br> -“<span class="smcap">New York</span>, <em>February 10, 1870</em>.<br> -</p> - -<p class="noindent">“<span class="smcap">P.O. Box 5141.</span></p> - -<p class="center">“<em>To the Military Officers of the Fenian Brotherhood.</em></p> - -<p>“<span class="smcap">Brothers</span>,—You have, no doubt, ere this received general -orders No. 1 from General Michael Kerwin, Secretary of War, -F.B. (head-quarters, No. 50 North 12th Street, Philadelphia, -Penna). <em>A strict compliance with the requirements thereof is -hereby imperatively demanded.</em> The success or failure of our -holy cause now depends upon the prompt and energetic performance -of the duties incumbent upon each and all of us, -and upon none does the responsibility rest so heavily as upon -the military officers of the F.B.</p> - -<p>“Brothers, if you be so situated that business or family -duties will prevent you from getting your commands in readiness -for <em>active and immediate service</em>, you will please forward -your resignations to the Secretary of War <em>at once</em>, and at the -same time send on the names of persons suitable to take your -places. If you are thoroughly in earnest, you will not hesitate -to give your assistance to those who may be appointed to fill -the vacancies created by your voluntary withdrawal from the -positions to which you have been commissioned.</p> - -<p>“Your duty, if circumstances permit, will be to get your men -in readiness at the earliest practicable moment. If you should -resign, this duty will devolve upon your successors. If there -are any arms, ammunition, or military clothing within your<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_79"></a>[79]</span> -knowledge which can be forwarded to certain points, to be -named hereafter, so inform the Secretary of War, whom you -will address in reply to this circular, and he will, on receipt of -your communications, forward <em>private instructions</em> with regard -to your respective commands.</p> - -<p>“Pay no attention to what may appear upon the surface or -in newspapers. We mean fight—speedy fight—<em>and nothing -else, thigin thu</em>?<a id="FNanchor_2" href="#Footnote_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a></p> - -<p>“Officers receiving copies of Military Oath with this circular -will sign the same in presence of witness, and return to the -Secretary of War.</p> - -<p>“Ascertain and report how many of your men can and will -furnish their own transportation, and in the meantime try and -persuade all of them to save enough for that purpose. Military -men should not forget that the civic circles have supplied the -means wherewith to provide breech-loaders, ammunition, &c. -&c. Their liberality in these regards will, to a limited extent, -relieve them from the responsibility of advancing the means of -transportation. They will not, however, hesitate to co-operate -with the military branch of the F.B. in this matter.</p> - -<p>“<em>Preserve the utmost secrecy with regard to this circular, and -reply at once.</em> Delay, and you are guilty of neglect of duty!</p> - -<p class="right"> -<span class="padr6">“Yours fraternally,</span><br> -<span class="smcap padr2">“John O’Neill,</span><br> -“<em>President Fenian Brotherhood</em>.<br> -</p> -</div> - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p class="right"> -<span class="smcap padr2">“Head-Quarters, War Department, F.B.,</span><br> -<span class="smcap">“Deckertown, Sussex County, N.J.,</span><br> -<span class="padr6">“<em>April 28, 1870</em>.</span><br> -</p> - -<p class="noindent"> -“General Orders.<br> -“No....<br> -</p> - -<p>“Commanding officers of regiments, companies, and detachments -will hold their respective commands in readiness to -move at a moment’s notice.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_80"></a>[80]</span></p> - -<p>“Officers of circles having no military organisations attached -will immediately take the necessary steps to organise the military -of their neighbourhoods, and forward to this office the names -of officers selected, so that they may be commissioned.</p> - -<p>“Commanding officers of companies will get as many men as -possible ready to move at once, leaving to the civic officers the -task of collecting and forwarding—if possible within twenty-four -hours thereafter—those who may not be able to move with -the first detachments.</p> - -<p>“Officers and men must avoid the use of uniforms or any -insignia that would distinguish them.</p> - -<p>“Officers must not be recognised by military titles, and -officers or men must not speak of Fenian matters while <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">en -route</i>.</p> - -<p>“Take no man who is a loafer or a habitual drunkard.</p> - -<p>“Take no man who has not seen service, or who has not -sufficient character to ensure his good behaviour <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">en route</i> and -in presence of the enemy.</p> - -<p>“Any arms, uniforms, or war material remaining in the hands -of circles <em>must be immediately</em> packed and forwarded to the -points designated in circular of February 19, 1870.</p> - -<p>“Hold no communications with any person not authorised -from these head-quarters. All letters relating to military -matters must be addressed to M. Kerwin, Deckertown, Sussex -County, New Jersey.</p> - -<p>“Let no consideration prevent a prompt compliance with -this order.</p> - -<p class="right"> -<span class="smcap padr2">“M. Kerwin,</span><br> -“<em>Brig.-Gen. and Sec. of War</em>.<br> -<br> -<span class="padr6">“Approved,</span><br> -<span class="smcap padr2">“John O’Neill,</span><br> -“<em>President Fenian Brotherhood</em>.<br> -</p> - -<p class="noindent"> -“H. le Caron,<br> -    “<em>Col. and Adj.-General</em>.”<br> -</p> -</div> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_81"></a>[81]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="XV">XV.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="noindent">At this time I was out West, and receiving a -telegram from O’Neill, directing me to meet him -in Buffalo, I hurried thither without delay. I -reached that city only to find that O’Neill had -ordered an immediate movement on Canada, and -that, as he phrased it, “no power on earth could -stop it.” This condition of things startled and -surprised me. His determination in the way of -immediate action was opposed to the decision of -the last council of war, and my chiefs in Canada -would, I feared, be quite unprepared. I at once -telegraphed the authorities at Ottawa, and was -soon in personal communication with their trusted -agents in Buffalo. Fortunately, as matters turned -out, the plan of action was the same as decided -upon at the last council of war, the full details -of which the authorities possessed; and so the -situation was not so complex as I had at first -feared.</p> - -<p>The next few days were busy ones. All military -commanders were ordered to report at given -points with their commands; instructions were -issued for the placement of arms by the following -Tuesday, at rendezvous near the line at Franklin -and Malone, and I was appointed Adjutant-General<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_82"></a>[82]</span> -with the rank of Brigadier-General. We -had quick promotion and brave ranks in the -Fenian army!</p> - -<p>On Saturday, April 22, 1870, O’Neill and I -left Buffalo for St. Albans, he full of enthusiasm -and the belief that the Canadians would be taken -entirely by surprise, I laughing to myself at his -coming discomfiture. We arrived at Milton, Vermont, -at daylight on the following morning, to find -that everything was proceeding most satisfactorily. -Prompt action had been taken by those in charge -of the munitions of war, and by the following -Tuesday morning sufficient war material for our -army was ready at the appointed places.</p> - -<p>This second and last invasion of Canada differed -in many respects from that of 1866. Then the -raid was loudly advertised for months before it -actually took place. This time everything was -different. Secrecy (as it was supposed) covered -every move and intention. Had not the Canadian -authorities been fully advised, the results, -under the circumstances, would have been undoubtedly -serious. There was another important -feature about this second raid, and that was its -preparedness. Matters in connection with the -first affair had been of a very happy-go-lucky -character. Now the services of a number of -ex-military men of undoubted ability had been<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_83"></a>[83]</span> -secured, and war material for at least twelve -thousand men was actually on the ground.</p> - -<p>O’Neill’s ideas may be set forth in very few -words. The chief object he had in view was to -obtain possession of Canada, not as the permanent -seat of an Irish republic, but as the -only vulnerable point of attack—the base for -operations against England. His theory was -that the Fenians needed the ports and shipyards -of the Dominion from which they could despatch -privateers to prey upon English shipping. By -the possession of territory he anticipated they -could claim and obtain the rights of belligerents -from the United States. In this event he held -the promise of many men, eminent on the side of -both North and South during the War of Rebellion, -to enroll themselves under the Irish banner, -and to command expeditions which it was fondly -hoped and expected would wrest Ireland from -the hands of the oppressor.</p> - -<p>His plan was to get across the boundary line -without delay, and then to intrench himself at -a point where his small contingent would form -the nucleus round which a large army and unlimited -support would rally from the United -States. Buffalo, Malone, and Franklin were the -three points from which attacks were to be made. -However, “the best laid schemes of mice and<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_84"></a>[84]</span> -men gang aft aglee.” O’Neill expected 1000 -men to meet him at Franklin on the night of -Tuesday, April 25, 1870. The history of 1866 -repeated itself. As was the case then, so now, -only a quarter of the number presented themselves. -By the following morning only 500 -had mustered. Every hour’s delay added to the -danger of failure and collapse; and so he feared -to postpone the arrangements any longer. I -viewed the situation with a good deal of equanimity, -for on the previous night all my trusty -messengers had departed, carrying full details -as to the time, exact points of crossing, numbers, -place of operations, &c., to the enemy’s lines.</p> - -<p>At eleven o’clock on Wednesday, O’Neill left -the Franklin Hotel to place himself at the head -of the Fenian army, not without hope and confidence, -yet struggling with the disappointing fact -that one-half his men had not arrived. His -chief anxiety appeared to be that the Canadians -would not give him a chance to fight. He misapprehended -the situation on this score, however, -as subsequent events showed.</p> - -<p>Hubbard’s Farm, the Fenian camp and rendezvous, -was situated about half a mile from Franklin, -and here all the available “invaders” were mustered. -Arranging them in line, O’Neill addressed -them as follows:—</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_85"></a>[85]</span></p> - -<p>“Soldiers, this is the advance-guard of the Irish-American -army for the liberation of Ireland from -the yoke of the oppressor. For your own country -you enter that of the enemy. The eyes of your -countrymen are upon you. Forward. March.”</p> - -<p>And march they did, O’Neill, as he departed -at their head, instructing me to bring to his -support on their arrival a party of 400 men then -<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">en route</i> from St. Albans.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="XVI">XVI.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="noindent">Careless of consequences, I waited to see what -would happen. As I stood on the brow of the -hill where our company was situated, the scene -was indeed worthy of my study. Ludicrous as -were many of the elements which went to make -it up, the charm of nature was superior to them -all, and commanded my tribute of respect and -admiration. Right below me was a pretty valley, -down the very centre of which flowed a little -creek marking the boundary of Canadian territory, -and dividing by its narrow course the Canadian -from American soil. A soft pleasant sward sloped -gracefully down from where I stood to its bank, -while on the other side there rose in graceful -outlines the monarchs of a Canadian forest, -overtopped by a rocky cliff standing out in bold<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_86"></a>[86]</span> -and picturesque relief. The soft sweet breezes -of the spring morning played upon our faces, -while the brilliant sunlight sent its rays flashing -upon our bayonets, and dancing on the waters -underneath.</p> - -<p>Nature was in her very best and sweetest mood, -and yet little room for appreciation of her charms -existed in the breasts of those who, sweeping -down the valley’s side beneath me, were seeking, -in their own foolish way, to make “Ireland a -nation once again.” They were a funny crowd. -All were armed, but few were uniformed. Here -and there a Fenian coat, with its green and grey -faced with gold, caught the eye, but only to stand -out in contrast with the surrounding garments of -more sombre hue and everyday appearance. The -men marched with a certain amount of military -precision, for all had received some degree of -military training. At last they reached the little -wooden bridge by which the water was crossed, -and deploying as skirmishers in close order, they -advanced with fixed bayonets, cheering wildly. -Not a soul appeared in front. The dark Canadian -trees hid from their view the ambushed Canadian -volunteers; and, fixed in their belief that nothing -was known of their coming, they advanced in a -spirit of effervescent enthusiasm. But not very -far, however.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_87"></a>[87]</span></p> - -<p>A few paces, and on their startled ears came -the ringing ping, ping, of the ambushed rifles, as -the Canadians poured a deadly volley straight into -their ranks. Utterly taken aback, they stopped, -broke rank, and fled as in 1866, an ungovernable -mob, to return for a moment in order to pour a -volley on their almost invisible enemy, and to -finally retreat up the hill to where I stood, still -under the fire of their adversaries, leaving their -dead to be subsequently buried by the Canadians.</p> - -<p>On the slope of the hill was a large structure -known as Richard’s Farm, to which the invaders -retreated and continued their firing, ineffective as -it was.</p> - -<p>Seeing that all was over here, for a time at -least, I hurried off to the point where the St. -Albans contingent had by now arrived, and were -arming. The process took some time, and while -engaged in superintending it, I was afforded practical -evidence of the termination of O’Neill’s part -in the fight. Standing in the middle of the public -road where the men were forming into line—it -was now half-past one, the “battle” which I have -just described having taken place about 11.30—I -was startled by the cry, “Clear the road, clear the -road!” and almost knocked down by a furiously -driven team of horses, to which was attached a<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_88"></a>[88]</span> -covered carriage. As the conveyance flashed -by me, I caught through the carriage window a -hurried glimpse of the dejected face of O’Neill, -who was seated between two men. I understood -the situation in a moment, but said nothing. -To have given the command to shoot the horses -as they turned an adjacent corner would have -been the work of an instant, but it was no part -of my purpose to restore O’Neill to his command. -I learned subsequently that O’Neill was -in the custody of the United States marshal, -General Foster, who, acting with that precision -so peculiar to General Grant’s administration, -when contrasted with that of Andrew Johnson’s, -had, in consequence of the information -furnished, arrived on the scene of the battle -immediately after I left, and arrested O’Neill -for a breach of the Neutrality Laws. O’Neill, -who was in the company of his comrades, had -at first refused submission, and threatened force, -but on General Foster placing a revolver at his -head, he gave in.</p> - -<p>When the news of O’Neill’s arrest reached us -later on in the afternoon, a council of war was held, -presided over by John Boyle O’Reilly, of whom -I have already spoken, the council being held in -a meadow, where we all stood in a circle. Contingents -were hourly arriving, and a strong attempt<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_89"></a>[89]</span> -was made to get Boyle O’Reilly to take command, -and lead the attack at some other point, but in the -end nothing was done.</p> - -<p>Next morning, General Spear, the Secretary -of War of the Fenian Brotherhood, arrived at St. -Albans, and sought to do something practical in -the way of continuing the invasion. Through his -<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">aide-de-camp</i>, Colonel Brown, and subsequently in -person, he appealed to me to supply him with -400 or 500 stands of arms and ammunition within -twenty-four hours. Of course, it would never -have done for me to have allowed further operations, -and so I pleaded it was impossible under the -condition of affairs then developed. Thousands -of Canadian troops had arrived on the border, -and the arms being located in places difficult to -get at, they were out of reach for the moment. -Luckily for me, the appearance of United States -troops in the vicinity put any further attempt at -war operations out of the question, for in order to -avoid arrest for breach of the Neutrality Laws, -the Fenians had to disappear with alacrity. I -left this point with the rest of them, and -hurrying to Malone, another of the places -where rendezvous had been arranged, I found a -similar state of things prevailing here, although -the arrest of O’Neill, and the unexpected appearance -of the United States troops, filled the invaders<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_90"></a>[90]</span> -with dismay, and utter demoralisation was -the result.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="XVII">XVII.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="noindent">On Friday, April 27th, under the excuse that I -was going to Burlington to see about O’Neill, I -went round by way of Rouses Point to Montreal. -I was elated with my success, and wanted to -report myself at head-quarters without delay. It -would not, however, have been safe for me to -have gone direct to Ottawa, and so I travelled -in a roundabout way. On the Friday night I -stopped with Judge Coursel, the Commissioner of -the Quebec police, and the following morning took -train to Ottawa. Before my journey concluded, -I found I had been altogether too premature -in my self-congratulations. In fact, that journey -brought me even closer to discovery than -I had ever been before.</p> - -<p>Nothing unusual happened till we got to Cornwall, -where there was the usual half-hour’s delay -for dinner. Taking full advantage of it, I was -enjoying a hearty meal, when both my meal and -peace of mind were disturbed by an unlooked-for -incident. Struck by an unusual commotion at the -door of the dining-room, I looked round to find -advancing towards me two men, one remarkable<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_91"></a>[91]</span> -for his tall military appearance, and the other for -his clerical attire. All eyes were turned upon -them, and as I ceased eating for the moment to -look up, I heard the clerical-looking person say, -as he pointed his finger towards me, “That is the -man.” Advancing, the tall man, who subsequently -turned out to be the mayor of Cornwall, speaking -with a Scotch accent, said, “You are my prisoner,” -accompanying the words with a grasp of my -shoulder. I imagined there was some mistake, -and laughed as I turned to resume my dinner, -asking at the same time what was the matter. -Not a movement, however, disturbed the solidity -of my Scotch friend’s face as he solemnly repeated -the words, “You are my prisoner,” adding, “you -must come with me at once.”</p> - -<p>As I learned subsequently, the priestly looking -person was a wandering preacher, who had happened -to be in the vicinity of Malone when I was -locating arms there, and I had been pointed out -to him then as the leading Fenian agent. His -memory was a very good one, and he immediately -recognised me when we met again.</p> - -<p>Matters were beginning to look serious; but -still I could not comprehend what all this meant, -and being still hungry I said, “But won’t you let -me finish my dinner?” “No,” was the sharp -reply; “come.” “For what reason?” quoth I,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_92"></a>[92]</span> -indignantly. “Why am I arrested?” “You are -a Fenian,” came the reply, the words falling -clearly and distinctly on the hushed room, where -those present began to show signs of anger and -indignation towards me. I hurried out with my -captors, and was taken to a room adjoining the -ticket-office, there to have demanded of me my -luggage and my keys, with everything on my -person. I had no luggage save a hand-bag, yet -I had with me documents which would reveal -everything, if made public. My position was -dangerous—distinctly dangerous. The prospect -before me was that of disclosure and imprisonment -amongst a strange people, where I had no -friend. Prompt action was called for, and so I asked -the mayor for a few minutes’ private conversation. -Suspicious, and yet curious, he brought me into -the ticket-office, where we were left alone. Here -I told him the exact situation. It was true, I -said, that I was a Fenian, but also a Government -agent. I was even then on my way to -Ottawa to see Judge M‘Micken. To delay or -expose me would mean serious difficulty for the -Government. Let him send me on to Ottawa -under guard, if he liked, and then he would -prove my statements true. Did he want immediate -proof, then here were my papers, and -there a telegram to Judge M‘Micken, advising<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_93"></a>[93]</span> -him of my coming, which he himself would -despatch.</p> - -<p>My manner must have impressed him, for he -decided to adopt my suggestion, and send me on -by the same train in which I had been travelling -(which had not yet gone, all this occupying but a -few minutes), under the escort of a lieutenant who, -with his Canadian regiment, was then returning -from the scene of the invasion. The details of -my arrest as a Fenian quickly spread amongst -my fellow-passengers, and travelled before me on -the route, and the reception I met with along my -journey was most disagreeable. For safety’s sake, -the lieutenant transferred me to the care of a -sergeant and couple of soldiers, and the carriage -in which we travelled was the sole point of attraction -in the train. Crowding round this carriage, -the infuriated Canadians would hiss and hoot me, -while their cries of “Hang him,” “Lynch him,” -gave me a very uncomfortable idea of what would -happen to me if left alone amongst them. So -careful were my guardians of me, that they would -not even allow me to have the window raised, so -that I might smoke, fearing that in some way I -might take advantage of the open window to -escape. This was really a serious grievance with -me, for they could not possibly have inflicted a -greater deprivation than that in the matter of<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_94"></a>[94]</span> -smoking. All through my life, even down to the -present time, I have been a great smoker, sometimes -consuming as many as sixteen cigars in the -day, a statement which will probably puzzle some -people who hold that tobacco ruins the nerves.</p> - -<p>On reaching Prescott Junction, I found that the -news of my capture—of course my name and rank -never transpired—had created such a sensation that -a special correspondent of the <cite>Toronto Globe</cite> had -travelled to meet me, in order to find out who and -what I was, and everything about me. He was -doomed to be disappointed, however, for I could -not be got to speak. When, eventually, we -arrived at Ottawa, I found my telegram to Judge -M‘Micken had brought his representative to the -station, and by him, myself and my guards were -immediately conveyed to the police-office, where -the Commissioner was awaiting us. Pretty certain -of my safety now, I was quite prepared to -smile, and really did laugh when brought into -the presence of my friend the judge. Not so -he, however. With proverbial soberness and -solemnity he heard the details of my capture, -received possession of my person, and gave a -formal receipt for my custody. Armed with this, -my guardians left, and then the old man’s genial -kindly nature asserted itself. By his instructions -I remained in his office till nightfall, when, in a<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_95"></a>[95]</span> -cab under cover of the darkness, I accompanied -him to the club to take up my quarters there for -the night.</p> - -<p>In the club the Fenian prisoner of a few hours -previously was made a most welcome guest, and -had an exceedingly good time. My identity being -known to some of the officers who crowded the -club-house after their return from Franklin, I -found myself quite the hero of the hour, and had -most interesting chats over the experiences of the -raid on both sides of the fight. Amongst the -pleasant people whose acquaintance I then made -was Dr. Grant, the physician to Prince Arthur, -who was in Ottawa at that time.</p> - -<p>With the following day came arrangements for -my departure for home, and it was decided that, -in order to avoid travelling over the same line -again, I should be driven during the night to Ann -Prior terminus—a distance of some forty miles -from Ottawa—from which place I could take a -branch line to my destination. Fortunate though -I thought myself, my troubles were not at an end. -This trip of mine to Ottawa was a chapter of -misfortunes. As I was on the point of starting, -I discovered that I had not sufficient money to -bring me home. Accordingly, Judge M‘Micken -had to supply me with the needful funds. This, -however, did not prove by any means an easy<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_96"></a>[96]</span> -thing to do. A cheque was duly drawn, but of -course I could not cash it, and the judge had to -have recourse to a friend. The amount was a -large one—three hundred and fifty dollars—and -it was beyond the resources of the club at the -moment. The services of the club porter therefore -had to be utilised for the purpose of obtaining -the money. Here, unknown to us, seed was being -sown which was to bear evil fruit. The porter -knew, of course, that I was the Fenian prisoner, -although nothing more; and, gossip that he was, -he let out the secret a little later. It became -public property; and the Canadian press published -the fact that an important Fenian had been in -Ottawa immediately after the raid, and received a -very large sum of money from the Government -official with whom he was in communication, adding -that the Fenians must have been nicely duped all -through. This was bringing danger very, very -near to me again; yet, marvellous to relate, -suspicion never rested upon me in connection -with the paragraph. I drove from Ottawa in the -night, got safely home, and was never troubled -further by my eventful visit. But, for a long -time, I treasured very unchristian-like feelings -towards that porter.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_97"></a>[97]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="XVIII">XVIII.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="noindent">With the fiasco at Pigeon Hill, and the equally -inglorious termination of the musters at other -points of the Canadian border, there died out -altogether the idea of attacking and seizing any -portion of Canada. O’Neill, after some confinement, -was brought to trial, and sentenced to six -months’ imprisonment, and the Fenian organisation -literally went to pieces for the time. I had -no thought of its ever reviving again, and so -turned my attention once more to my medical -work, which I had had to completely neglect -from the time of my leaving Joliet and attaching -myself to O’Neill’s staff.</p> - -<p>I had scarcely resumed my studies, however, -when a visit from O’Neill on his release showed -me that there was still some fight left in himself -and his comrades. He came to me as a matter -of fact to enlist my co-operation in some work of -a distinctly active character. In explanation of -the position of affairs, he laid before me the -originals of several letters to him from the Rev. -W. B. O’Donohoe, a young priest of Manitoba, -who was at the time acting as secretary for the -notorious Riel. The correspondence gave all -the details of a contemplated uprising of the half-breeds<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_98"></a>[98]</span> -in the North-West against the Dominion -authorities, and stated, to my amazement and -disgust, that he—this young priest—had received -permission from his Archbishop—Tasché—to -throw off his ecclesiastical garments and take a -part therein.</p> - -<p>In conclusion, O’Neill’s assistance and co-operation -in the attempt was sought, and as he put it, -“anything to cripple the enemy” being his motto, -he was only too eager for the fray. He had one -great difficulty, however, and that was the want -of arms. Knowing that a quantity remained in -hiding since the second raid, he had sought to -obtain possession of them, but had been referred -to me as the person who had deposited them with -their present custodians, and without whose permission -they could not be given up. I cheerfully -agreed to let him have 400 breech-loaders and -ammunition, and accompanied him to the points -where they were, for the purpose of their delivery, -but not before I had surreptitiously obtained the -use of the documents, and sent copies to both the -Home and Canadian Governments with full information -as to what was <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">sur le tapis</i>.</p> - -<p>O’Neill, in company with a trusted confederate, -J. J. Donnelly, fitted out his expedition, and on -the 5th day of October 1871, after crossing the -line at Fort Pembina, was arrested with his party,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_99"></a>[99]</span> -and all his war material seized, in consequence -of the information supplied by me. Riel, thus -deprived of the expected assistance, surrendered -at Fort Garry to Lord Wolseley without firing a -shot. O’Neill and his party having been turned -over to the United States authorities, were, four -days afterwards, tried and acquitted. Strange as -it appears, these men, captured on Canadian soil, -were, by some egregious blunder, handed over -to the United States authorities, and by them -acquitted on the ludicrous technicality that the -offence was not committed on American, but -Canadian soil.</p> - -<p>Subsequently O’Neill came back to me and -made my life a burthen. Discredited and disheartened, -he took to drink and went entirely to -the dogs, bringing to the verge of starvation an -affectionate but heart-broken wife, who, once a sister -of mercy, had nursed and grown to love him in a -hospital where he was confined, and, disregarding -all her vows, had in the end married him. Drifting -slowly downward through disgrace and drink, -O’Neill, the once brilliant, if egotistical, Irishman -met a lone and miserable death.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_100"></a>[100]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="XIX">XIX.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="noindent">On resuming my studies, I decided to enter the -Detroit College of Medicine, and so, taking my -family with me, I settled down there. There -were many reasons for my change of residence, -not the least important of which was that connected -with the unpopularity which I found attached to -me in my old home after my return from the -Canadian affair. O’Neill had many opponents, -and by these opponents I was attacked in company -with O’Neill, and the others engaged in the -affair, for having ruined the organisation by the -premature “invasion” which had taken place. -Therefore, I thought it better to remove to another -quarter where this state of feeling did not -exist, and where my Irish record would be of service -to me in the future. As far as Detroit was -concerned, I fixed upon it because of the desire -of Judge M‘Micken that I should become acquainted -with, and obtain as much information as I -could about, Mackay Lomasney—whose name will -be familiar in connection with the London Bridge -explosion—and others just settled down there.</p> - -<p>Lomasney was, in the eyes of the authorities, -an important man; and his subsequent career, -terminating with the attempt to blow up London<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_101"></a>[101]</span> -Bridge, in which he lost his own life, fully justified -their estimate. He had been engaged in the -’65 and ’67 movements in Ireland, had been -charged with the murder of a policeman and -acquitted, but sentenced to twelve years’ penal -servitude for his work as a rebel, and, with others -whose names will appear later, had been amnestied -in the year 1870. He had now settled down in -Detroit as the proprietor of a book-store; and as -he was known to be a most active revolutionist, -much curiosity was felt as to what he was actually -doing. I formed a very pleasant acquaintance -with Mackay Lomasney, and found him a most -entertaining man. The future dynamitard was at -this time about twenty-eight years of age. Though -of youthful appearance, his face was a most determined -one, and the way in which it lent itself to -disguise truly marvellous. When covered with -the dark bushy hair, of which he had a profusion, -it was one face; when clean-shaven, quite another, -and impossible of recognition. Acting, as he -constantly did, as the delegate from the American -section to the Fenians at home, this faculty of -disguise proved of enormous service, and may -very well have had disastrous effects on police -vigilance. I have seen Lomasney both shaved, -on his return from Ireland, and unshaved, in his -American life; and in all the men I have ever<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_102"></a>[102]</span> -met, I never saw such a change produced by so -easy a process. I may dismiss Mackay Lomasney -from this point of my story by saying that, -beyond his activity in connection with the establishment -of the Irish Confederation, his movements -gave little ground for apprehension, and, -as far as the Confederation was concerned, its -development proved of very little account.</p> - -<p>But, if the Confederation was to accomplish -little, the men who with Lomasney took part -in its initiation were not without their claims -to attention. Foremost amongst them were two -bearing names destined to be familiar in latter-day -politics. These were O’Donovan Rossa and -John Devoy. As both will be found constantly -strutting across the stage of Irish-American affairs -from this date, I will pause here to refer to them -in some little detail.</p> - -<p>Jeremiah O’Donovan—the “Rossa” was, he -claims, added in early years as the outward and -visible sign of the alleged fact of his being directly -descended from the Princes of Rossa—was, at the -time of his arrival, one of the most popular men -amongst the Irish in the United States. Sentenced -to imprisonment for life for taking part in -the ’65 movement, he had, according to general -rumour, undergone the severest of sufferings and -indignities in the British dungeons. A strong<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_103"></a>[103]</span> -current of sympathy set in in his favour in consequence, -and as both in public and private he -lost no opportunity of dilating upon his grievance, -the sentiment was in no sense allowed to waver -or grow weak. The man whose name was to be -so closely associated with dynamite and devilry in -later years, did not at this time suggest by his -appearance the possession of any undue ferocity. -His face, though determined, was yet not without -its kindly aspect, while his love for the bottle -betrayed a jovial rather than a fiendish instinct. -His fierceness, indeed, lay altogether in speech. -Voluble and sweeping in his language, he was -never so happy as when pouring out the vials of -his wrath on the British Government.</p> - -<p>Devoy, the notorious author of the “New -Departure,” was at once seen to be a man of -weighty influence. Forbidding of aspect, with a -perpetual scowl upon his face, he immediately -conveyed the idea of being a quarrelsome man, -an idea sustained and strengthened by both his -manner of speech and gruffness of voice. Experience -of Devoy’s character only went to -prove the correctness of this view. Quarrelsome -and discontented, ambitious and unscrupulous, -his friendships were few and far between; -and had it not been for his undoubted ability, -and the existence of those necessities which link<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_104"></a>[104]</span> -adventurers together, he could never have reached -the prominent place which he subsequently attained -in the Fenian organisation.</p> - -<p>With their fellow-prisoners who had been -amnestied, General Thomas F. Bourke, Thomas -Clarke Luby, Edmond Power, and Henry S. -Meledy, together with James J. O’Kelly, late -M.P. for Roscommon, but then a struggling reporter -on a New York paper, Rossa and Devoy -brought the Irish Confederation into existence, -and formed its first “directory” or executive. -They indulged in the wild hope of being able -to gather in all the scattered Irish under one -banner, and to put an end once and for all to -the dissensions and divisions which had so disastrously -affected Irish affairs in the past. They -were disappointed. Not by their unaided efforts -was this to be accomplished. Indeed, the Confederation -was never popular. It was regarded -as a sort of close corporation “run,” as we say in -the United States, in the interest of the exiles, -and, as a consequence, was jealously viewed by -the rank and file. Every effort that could be -made to bring about a fusion was tried by these -men, but without success. Even Stephens himself -was brought over from France and put at the -head of affairs; but his name had lost its charm, -and he had to return to Paris a discredited man.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_105"></a>[105]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="XX">XX.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="noindent">While my Fenian friends struggled on in this -way, I looked after my own affairs. Completing -my studies and business in Detroit, I moved -myself and my family to Wilmington, where I -settled down to make a home and secure an -income. I was now a fully fledged M.D., and -so I immediately commenced practising at Braidwood, -a suburb of Wilmington. Success attended -my start, my Irish connection and record bringing -me an amount of patronage almost beyond my -powers of attention. I had given up all idea of -anything definite happening in the way of Fenian -affairs, and turned my attention to local politics. -Here, of course, my Irish friends were again of -use. Failing to obtain a seat on the School -Board, for which I had been nominated, I succeeded -in getting an appointment on the Board -of Health. The office was really a sinecure, -with one hundred dollars a year attached. Not -content with it, I gained the much more lucrative -appointment of Supervisor of Braidwood, -attached to which was a daily fee of 2½ dollars, -and travelling allowances when engaged on -town business. Anybody acquainted with the -American political system, even to a moderate<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_106"></a>[106]</span> -extent, will know how paying such offices can -be made.</p> - -<p>Meantime I had joined the Medical Society of -my State, and assisted in founding the State -Pharmaceutical Society. My activity did not -even stop here, and, in addition, I took a very -active part in bringing about much-needed legislation -on the question of the practice of medicine. -In these days there was no such thing as a State -law regulating the practice of medicine or pharmacy, -and I—let me frankly confess it—as much -for the sake of popularity as anything else, spared -no pains, even going to the extent of “lobbying” -in Springfield, the State capital, in the -interest of legislation on these matters, in which -I was very successful.</p> - -<p>Little as I imagined it then, events were at this -time shaping themselves to an end which, frequently -attempted, had never yet been wholly -accomplished by the aspiring leaders of the Irish -in America. This was the bringing together of -all Irishmen at home and abroad into one vast -and perfect organisation. The hour was coming, -and with it the men. Born in comparative poverty -and insignificance, but under an impressive name, -the association now being formed, the great Clan-na-Gael -of the future, was destined to be a powerful, -rich, and far-reaching organisation, healthy of<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_107"></a>[107]</span> -limb and strong of hand, fated to leave its heavy -mark upon the pages of this half-century’s history. -From small beginnings have come great results.</p> - -<p>Away back towards the end of the sixties, there -came into existence one of those temporal societies, -an off-shoot of the permanent conspiracy known -under the name “Knights of the Inner Circle,” -which was joined by many Irish conspirators, -myself amongst the number. With its members -there became associated, in the latter end of 1869, -some three hundred members of the “Brian Boru” -Circle of the Fenian Brotherhood in New York -City, who, in consequence of a political quarrel -over electioneering matters, seceded from their -original body; and by these men, acting in concert -with others under the name of the “United -Irishmen,” what were really the first camps of the -Clan-na-Gael were established.</p> - -<p>The V.C. (the cypher was arranged on the plan -of using the alphabetical letters immediately following -those intended to be indicated) had for its -object the same intention which governed the -inception and development of all Irish conspiracy -in America—the freedom of Ireland from English -control by armed force. It was, however, to -differ from its predecessors insomuch as, unlike -them, it was to be of an essentially secret character. -P. R. Walsh of Cleveland, Ohio, known<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_108"></a>[108]</span> -as “the Father of the Clan,” was the apostle of -this new condition of things, and he, with others -of shrewd and far-seeing minds, argued with great -success, that if one lesson more important than -another was to be learnt from the past history and -miserable fiascos of the movement, it was that no -possible success could be achieved with a revolutionary -organisation working in the open day. -The Irish people, reasoned these priests of the -new faith, had not judgment enough to manage -their schemes for freedom. They revealed their -secrets to the heads of their Church; they were -dictated to by these heads; they feared to obey -their non-clerical leaders; and so were thwarted -the best schemes of the most active workers. A -revolutionary movement must be secret and unscrupulous, -and, to be successful, they could not -enter on the contest for freedom with the yoke of -the Church around their neck.</p> - -<p>Language like this reads strangely indeed in -the light of latter-day revelations, and the knowledge -the world now has of Clan-na-Gael priests -and their work. But at the time it was not without -its appropriateness and significance. The priests -at the period of which I write were, neither in -Ireland nor America, the priests of these subsequent -years. Then, as in those days of old, -when religion was paramount and priestly control<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_109"></a>[109]</span> -salutary and effective, the ban of the Church was -not merely a phrase dangerous in sound, it was a -living dread reality, fearful in its consequences in -the eyes of those who in their lives worked out -that grand old characteristic of the Irish people, -faith in their Church and reverence toward its -rulers. It was reserved for the coming years to -bring to the view of a startled public a people -reckless and defiant of priestly control, because of -the teachings of their atheistic and communistic -leaders, and the self-surrender of all their higher -and priestly functions by those who were content -to be led by, rather than to lead those whose -consciences were their charge and their responsibility.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="XXI">XXI.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="noindent">The arguments were well put, and what was -more, they were well timed. They proved successful. -Everything appeared in favour of the -new move; and the re-establishment of the -Fenian organisation in Great Britain on a more -compact secret basis, under the title of the <em>Irish -Republican Brotherhood</em>, was one of the many -satisfactory features of the moment. Matters, -however, moved slowly; and, although actually -established in 1869, it was not until the year -1873 that the movement became in any way<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_110"></a>[110]</span> -general. Then it was that, merging almost all -other societies in itself, the Clan, now known as -the V.C. or United Brotherhood, established -subordinate bodies or “Camps,” as they were -called, almost simultaneously in all the leading -centres of the United States. Secrecy was the -text preached in every direction. Every member -was bound by the most solemn of oaths to keep -secret all knowledge of the order and its proceedings -which might come to him, under -penalty of death. A Masonic form of ritual was -adopted; grips, passwords, signs, and terrorising -penalties were decided upon; and all the pomp -and circumstance of mystery, so dear to the Irish -heart and so effective in such a conspiracy, were -called to the aid of those who now inculcated this -new doctrine.</p> - -<p>Undoubtedly, there was no secret made -amongst its members as to the treasonable character -of the organisation. The official printed -Constitution set forth the truth of the matter in -no uncertain way. “The object,” it stated, “is -to aid the Irish people in the attainment of the -complete and absolute independence of Ireland, -by the overthrow of English domination: a total -separation from that country, and the complete -severance of all political connection with it; the -establishment of an independent republic on<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_111"></a>[111]</span> -Irish soil, chosen by the free votes of the whole -Irish people, without distinction of creed or class, -and the restoration to all Irishmen of every creed -and class of their natural privileges of citizenship -and equal rights. It shall prepare unceasingly -for an armed insurrection in Ireland.”</p> - -<p>The Ritual and forms of initiation were framed -entirely upon Masonic precedent; and, to the vast -majority of the members of the Clan, the statement -will come no doubt as a great surprise that -the much vaunted secret forms of the Masonic -order need be secret to them no longer, inasmuch -as that, when being admitted to a Clan-na-Gael -club, they were going through the same -forms and ceremonies as attached themselves to -that great source of mystery and wonderment in -the eyes of the non-elect, the Masonic Brotherhood. -I have often laughed to myself at the -surprise shown by some Masons on the occasion -of their initiation to Clan-na-Gael clubs—for -there are Masons in the Clan—at being brought -once more into contact with the familiar procedure. -One great feature of similarity exists -between the two ceremonies. In both the candidate -is impressed with a deep sense of awe and -respect, to learn subsequently that nothing very -mysterious or wonderful is to come within his -knowledge. Though the effect is the same, however,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_112"></a>[112]</span> -the causes are very different. In one case, -that of the Mason, nothing very strange happens -or is committed to his secrecy, for the simple -reason that the practice of brotherly love and -charity requires no unusual strain either on his -powers of wonder or reserve; while in the other -the poor confiding Irishman is simply intended -to play the part of a dupe, to move and subscribe -to order, but to be trusted in no single regard, -until by jobbery or manipulation he works his -way to the higher ranks of the organisation.</p> - -<p>The candidates for membership were balloted -for in the usual club manner, three black balls -excluding. The successful ones having answered -different queries regarding their age, belief in -God, &c. &c., were, after being blindfolded and -shut out from view of their future associates, -brought forward and addressed by the Vice-President -of the meeting as follows:—</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“<span class="smcap">My Friends</span>,—Animated by love, duty, and patriotism, -you have sought affiliation with us. We have deemed you -worthy of our confidence and our friendship. You are now -within these secret walls. The men who surround you have -all taken the obligations of our Order, and are endeavouring -to fulfil its duties. These duties must be cheerfully complied -with, or not at all undertaken. We are Jsjtinfo (Irishmen) -banded together for the purpose of freeing Jsfmboe (Ireland) -and elevating the position of the Jsjti (Irish) race. The lamp -of the bitter past plainly points our path, and we believe that -the first step on the road to freedom is secrecy. Destitute<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_113"></a>[113]</span> -of secrecy, defeat will again cloud our brightest hopes; and, -believing this, we shall hesitate at no sacrifice to maintain it. -Be prepared, then, to cast aside with us every thought that -may impede the growth of this holy feeling among Jsjtinfo -(Irishmen); for, once a member of this Order, you must -stand by its watchwords of Secrecy, Obedience, and Love. -With this explanation, I ask you are you willing to proceed?”</p> -</div> - -<p>The answer being satisfactory, the candidates -were next placed opposite the President, and -addressed by him as follows:—</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“<span class="smcap">My Friends</span>,—By your own voluntary act you are now -before us. You have learned the nature of the cause in which -we are engaged—a cause honourable to our manhood, and -imposed upon us by every consideration of duty and patriotism. -We would not have an unwilling member amongst us, and we -give you, even now, the opportunity of withdrawing, if you so -desire. Every man here has taken a solemn and binding oath -to be faithful to the trust we repose in him. This oath, I -assure you, is one which does not conflict with any duty which -you owe to God, to your country, your neighbours, or yourself. -It must be taken before you can be admitted to light and fellowship -in our Order. With this assurance, and understanding, -as you do, that the object of this organisation is the freedom -of Jsfmboe (Ireland), will you submit yourself to our rules -and regulations and take our obligation without mental reservation?”</p> -</div> - -<p>At the conclusion of the address, the questions -having been put, and correctly replied to, the -candidate took the oath as follows:—</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“I, ————, do solemnly and sincerely swear, in the presence -of Almighty God, that I will labour, while life is left me, to<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_114"></a>[114]</span> -establish and defend a republican form of government in -Jsfmboe (Ireland). That I will never reveal the secrets of this -organisation to any person or persons not entitled to know -them. That I will obey and comply with the Constitution and -laws of the V.C., and promptly and faithfully execute all constitutional -orders coming to me from the proper authority, to -the best of my ability. That I will foster a spirit of unity, -nationality, and brotherly love among the people of Jsfmboe -(Ireland).</p> - -<p>“I furthermore swear that I do not now belong to any other -Jsjti sfwpmvujpobsz (Irish revolutionary) society antagonistic to -this organisation, and that I will not become a member of such -society while connected with the V.C., and, finally, I swear -that I take this obligation without mental reservation, and that -any violation hereof is infamous and merits the severest punishment. -So help me God.” (Kiss the book.)</p> -</div> - -<p>And then, in conclusion, the President made -the following remarks:—</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“The name of this Order is the V.C. Its local sub-divisions -are styled D.’s, and are known by members. This is D. No. —. -The leading object of the V.C. is to co-operate with the -J.S.C. (Irish Republican Brotherhood) in securing the independence -of Jsfmboe (Ireland), and the special object is to -secure the union of all Jsjti Obujpobmjtut (Irish Nationalists). -As it is essential for the safe and efficient working of our organisation -to preserve the strictest secrecy in reference to it, you -will never mention the name of the V.C., or anything connected -therewith, to any one whom you do not know to be a member -thereof in good standing. And that we may be more effectually -guarded from exposure, as well as to secure concentration -of effort, you are prohibited by the supreme authority from -contributing money to, or otherwise aiding, any other Jsjti -sfwpmvujpobsz (Irish revolutionary) society.</p> - -<p>“Should you desire to secure some worthy person for membership,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_115"></a>[115]</span> -you will first have him proposed here, and, if elected, -you may then indirectly and carefully ascertain his sentiments -on the subject of secret Jsjti Obujpobm (Irish National) organisations, -and, should his views be favourable, you might then -intimate that you believe there is a secret organisation in -existence working for Jsjti (Irish) liberty; and, if he appears -inclined to join it, you may admit that you are a member of it, -or acquainted with a member of it, and that you think you can -secure his admission therein; but no further information must -you convey, nor use the name of any person connected with -the Order....</p> - -<p>“Finally, my brother, be careful that you do not make an -improper use of these instructions, and let not the cause of -Jsfmboe (Ireland) or the interests of the V.C. suffer through -any want of prudence, perseverance, and courage on your part -while travelling onwards on the path to freedom. (Two raps.)</p> - -<p>“Brothers! It affords me great pleasure to introduce to you -your new brother.” (One rap.)</p> -</div> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="XXII">XXII.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="noindent">Up to the year 1881, when the administration -of the conspiracy underwent a change, with which -I will deal at its proper time, the Clan-na-Gael -was governed by an executive body (known in -the cypher as F.C.), presided over by a Chairman -elected by the body at the annual conventions, -and a Revolutionary Directory known without -any regard to the cypher by its initial letters R.D. -This Revolutionary Directory was composed of -seven men, three of whom were nominated by the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_116"></a>[116]</span> -Executive, three by the Irish Republican Brotherhood -(known as the J.S.C.) in Ireland, and a -seventh selected by the six when appointed. The -Revolutionary Directory was, as its name implies, -a body dealing directly with revolutionary matters, -and it was chiefly characterised by the autocratic -power possessed by its members, about whose -action no detailed information was supplied, and -against whose proceedings there was, in consequence, -no basis for appeal. The names of all -these officers were known only to the delegates -who elected them, and to the Presiding Officer of -each camp, known as Senior Guardian.</p> - -<p>To the Executive (or F.C.) was intrusted, -amongst other things, the arrangements regarding -the places and dates for holding the biennial -and annual conventions of the order; and their -decision in this respect was carefully guarded, and -only at the very last moment communicated to -the high officials, in order to prevent any spies or -agents of the British Government from becoming -acquainted with their proceedings. The head of -each subordinate body was informed a week in -advance of the date and place of the convention; -and he was instructed to arrange for the immediate -election of a delegate from his camp. So -close was the secret kept, that the delegate, if -other than the presiding officer, did not know till<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_117"></a>[117]</span> -the very hour of his starting where he was bound -for. Like convicts, the members were known by -numbers, never by names. Camps (known as -D.’s) were also numbered; and, in order the better -to cover their doings from the outside world, each -camp had a public name by which it was known. -For instance, my own camp was known as the -“Emmet Literary Association.”</p> - -<p>During the early years of its existence I was -not a member of the Clan-na-Gael. Although, -as I have stated, I was one of the “Knights of -the Inner Circle,” I did not take any prominent -part in the early days, when the V.C. succeeded, -or rather absorbed it. There were reasons for -my not doing so. My prominence and action in -the ill-fated Canadian raid had not been altogether -forgotten, and I was still held responsible, in certain -minds, for the premature undertaking of it. -Another reason affecting my action was the difficulty -introduced by a clause in the new constitution -in regard to the question of nationality. This -clause read as follows:—</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“All persons of Irish birth or descent, or of partial Irish -descent, shall be eligible to membership; but in cases of -persons of partial Irish descent, the camps are directed to -make special inquiries in regard to the history, character, and -sentiments of the person proposed.”</p> -</div> - -<p>In view of the whole situation, I determined<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_118"></a>[118]</span> -that I should live down any ill-feeling which -might exist regarding my previous exploits, and -that I should take advantage of the interval thus -brought about by arranging some plan for my -election later, on the ground of my partial Irish -descent. I had, of course, hitherto passed myself -off as a Frenchman, strongly sympathising with -Irish affairs, though never laying any claim to -connection with the country. Now I had to -change my tactics a little, and so I gradually got -it put about that my mother—poor lady, she is -living to-day, and will probably never know till -she reads this of the liberty I took with her -birthright—was of Irish descent. Of course, as -the people out there had never seen or heard of -my mother, and it was quite a common thing for -French and Irish to intermarry, the deception -was not likely to be discovered, as indeed it never -was.</p> - -<p>There was still yet another reason for my -being cautious. The most insane and implacable -enemy of O’Neill’s—and through my friendship -for O’Neill, of myself—Major William M‘Williams, -of old Fenian fame, was now high in the councils -of the new organisation. In the O’Neill <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">régime</i>, -presumably jealous of my position, he had denounced -me as an adventurer, and the ill-feeling -he had for me had culminated during the sittings<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_119"></a>[119]</span> -of a Fenian congress in an open attack, reported -in the New York papers as follows:—</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p class="smcap center">“The Fenian Congress and a Fenian Row.</p> - -<p>“The Fenian Congress was in session yesterday. A quorum -of the Executive Committee appointed in Chicago was in session -all day. They say they intend to commence work as soon -as they obtain possession of the munitions of war. Major -M‘Williams and Major Le Caron, two of the delegates, had a -little onset in front of the Whitney House last eve, and blood -might have flowed had it not been for the interference of -several delegates.”</p> -</div> - -<p>The altercation, I may add, on this occasion -involved the use of revolvers, and created too -pronounced a feeling between us to allow of my -ever after expecting anything but the bitterest -opposition from M‘Williams. To my relief, -however, M‘Williams eventually got into a personal -altercation with a fiercer antagonist than -myself, by whom he was shot in Columbia, S.C., -being killed on the spot. His exit cleared the -way of the only difficulty which existed at the -time of his death, and so I considered it prudent -to accept the invitation, often extended to me, -to join the Clan-na-Gael. I joined, and an -appointment upon the Military Board of the -organisation quickly followed. It must not, -however, be thought that I had been “out of -things” meantime. Not at all. Possessed, as I<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_120"></a>[120]</span> -was, of more than one confiding friend, I secured -information about everything that took place.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="XXIII">XXIII.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="noindent">Slowly but surely the Clan-na-Gael was gaining -ground, despite all the forces arrayed against it. -Triumphing over Church opposition, conscientious -scruple on the score of joining secret societies, -and the single opposing Revolutionary faction -still faithful to the memory of Stephens, it had, -in 1876, a membership exceeding 11,000, which -included amongst its leading names those of -Alexander Sullivan, John Devoy, O’Donovan -Rossa, Thomas Clarke Luby, Thomas F. Burke, -Dr. Carroll, James Reynolds, Frank Agnew, -Colonel Clingen, Wm. J. Hynes, P. W. Dunne, -Michael Boland, Denis Feeley, J. J. Breslin, -Michael Kirwen, and General Millen.</p> - -<p>These were the men who in the after years -were to be in the front rank of the Clan-na-Gael, -and by their position and influence to model and -direct the policy of the organisation. Of them -and their position at this time I shall now have -some little to say.</p> - -<p>With Sullivan I have already dealt, and here I -need only state that, having established himself<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_121"></a>[121]</span> -in Chicago, he had taken to the study of law, in -which branch of the profession he was now—in -1876—preparing to practise. He had been maintaining -his questionable reputation, for he had -shot a man in cold blood; and though twice tried, -had been successful in escaping the consequences -of his act, owing to the employing of that process -so frequently charged against the Government -in Ireland—packing the jury. Of Devoy and -O’Donovan Rossa I have also spoken before. -The former, drifting to New York, had since we -parted with him been engaged on some two or -three American papers, and he was now, if I -remember aright, engaged on the <cite>New York -Herald</cite> staff. Rossa, very much to the front for -the moment, in consequence of his “skirmishing” -theory, had meantime been living on the proceeds -of the fund raised for himself and his fellow-exiles -on their arrival in 1871, and a special subscription -for himself, which Ford inaugurated in the <cite>Irish -World</cite>. Luby had been a well-known patriot -since 1865, when, in company with John O’Leary -and Charles J. Kickham, he had been sentenced -to a long term of penal servitude for the part he -played in Ireland as one of the editors of the -<cite>Irish People</cite>. General Thomas Fras. Burke had -served with the Confederate Army, and had been -amongst those who, in 1867, left America to lead<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_122"></a>[122]</span> -in that most disheartening of fiascos, the Irish -rising of 1865, as the result of his part in which -he was sentenced to death, but subsequently -amnestied.</p> - -<p>Dr. William Carroll, one of the principal physicians -in Philadelphia, whose name will appear -prominently in the future, and who stood one of -the sponsors for Mr. Parnell on the occasion of his -arrival in America, was best known as the admirer, -friend, and associate of John Mitchell, and -was himself nothing if not a Revolutionist. James -Reynolds of New Haven, Conn., whom I first -met in connection with the secret organisation, -was by profession a gas- and brass-fitter, and an -avowed advocate of “extreme” measures. He -was in fact a member of the Revolutionary Directory -of this period. Frank Agnew had a Fenian -record extending as far back as the Senate period -of the Fenian Brotherhood. Strangely enough, -I first came in contact with him when, on an inspecting -tour, I had occasion to inspect a Fenian -Company of which he was captain in Chicago. -He was one of those who arrived too late to be -of use in connection with the Fenian raid of ’70. -He was now a contractor of some importance in -Chicago, and a great friend and ally of Sullivan’s. -Of Colonel Clingen I need not say much, save -that he had been an old Fenian ally of mine in<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_123"></a>[123]</span> -days gone by, and had sat with myself on the -Military Board during O’Neill’s <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">régime</i>.</p> - -<p>Of the others I have mentioned, Hynes and -Dunne perhaps deserve the most prominent place, -by reason of the part they have recently played -in the Cronin affair. Both these men, it will -be remembered, came out as very strong opponents -of Alexander Sullivan, whom they roundly -accused of causing Dr. Cronin’s death. Hynes -I knew as far back as 1865, when, as a clerk to -John O’Neill, he took a very active part in the -work of the Fenian Brotherhood. Owing to a -row between O’Neill and himself, he severed his -connection with active Fenianism, and obtained -a clerkship in one of the departments at Washington, -finding his way, after a little time, to -Arkansas. Although returned as a carpet-bag -Congressman for the State, he failed to prosper, -and at last he found himself without a dollar in -Chicago. Here the first man to help him was -Alexander Sullivan, against whom he is now -arrayed. Through Sullivan’s political influence, -Hynes was engaged as professional juryman at -a fee of two dollars a day, from which position -he worked himself forward to that of a prominent -politician and a well-known member of the bar -at which he practises.</p> - -<p>P. W. Dunne proved to be a duplicate of<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_124"></a>[124]</span> -O’Donovan Rossa, in appearance and in many -other ways, with this one strong exception, that, -whereas Rossa never sacrificed any of his means for -the good of his countrymen, but rather lived upon -them in fact, Dunne sacrificed an almost princely -fortune. In early years he had been a prominent -distiller (a very lucrative business) in Peoria, -Illinois; and he was one of the leading seceders -from the Stephens wing of the Fenian Brotherhood, -after the failure of 1865, in which he himself -participated, in company with P. J. Meehan, -editor of the <cite>Irish American</cite>. He was now situated -in Chicago, occupying the position of Superintendent -of Streets, and had preceded Sullivan and -Clingen upon the Executive of the Clan-na-Gael.</p> - -<p>As for the remainder, Boland, once a lieutenant -in the United States Army, was now a practising -lawyer in Kentucky, having meantime taken part -in the ’66 raid on Canada. He was also one of -the most prominent of Clan-na-Gael officials, and -an advocate of extreme measures. Feeley, also -an attorney-at-law, had been a member of the -Royal Irish Constabulary in his early days, and -was now, as of yore, one of the most prominent -and bloodthirsty of rebels in the States. Kirwen -had been Brigadier-General and Fenian Secretary -of War during the Canadian raid of 1870, and had -preserved his Revolutionary record unbroken;<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_125"></a>[125]</span> -while Breslin, chiefly remarkable for the part he -had played in helping James Stephens to escape -from Richmond prison (Ireland) in 1866, now, -as ever since then, a prominent and avowed -Revolutionist, was occupying his public life in -some municipal office of an important character, -while, in secret, playing his part on the Revolutionary -Directory of the Clan-na-Gael.</p> - -<p>One name I have left to the last, and that is -General Millen’s. The discredited hero of the -Jubilee Explosion Scheme of 1887 was at this -time engaged on the editorial staff of the <cite>New -York Herald</cite>. Unlike almost every one whom -I have named, his military title was neither of -Fenian nor of American extraction. He had, -according to his own account, gained both his military -knowledge and his rank when, out in Mexico -on the part of the <cite>New York Herald</cite>, he had -thrown in his lot with Juarez prior to the overthrow -of the government of Maximilian and the -establishment of the First Republic, of which -Juarez was President. Be the claims to military -knowledge which he advanced good or bad, they -were accepted with a certain amount of good faith -by the Clan leaders; and his usefulness in this -regard being appreciated, he held a position of -some importance at this time, being in fact Chairman -of the Military Board.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_126"></a>[126]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="XXIV">XXIV.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="noindent">My advent in the organisation, though gratifying -to a certain extent, did not satisfy me as fully as -I wished. I wanted to know everything that took -place on the inner side of the movement, and I found -that, as one of the rank and file, I could really learn -nothing. Accordingly, I set my wits to work to -see how I could accomplish my desire of gaining -such a position as would give me all I wanted. -Very little consideration was needed to show me -that, in a large centre like Chicago, where jealousy -and ambition governed every motive, it would be -impossible for a new-comer to get to the front, and -so I decided to work out my designs in a smaller -and more unimportant place, where internal dissensions -would find little if any home. It will -be remembered that Braidwood was the place -where I had my drug-store, and where I had had -strong evidence of my popularity in my election -as Supervisor by a majority of 103 over my -opponents. In the end, therefore, I determined -to establish a camp in Braidwood, and with the -assistance of the official organiser, a most promising -“camp” was got together, to the Senior -Guardianship or Presidency of which I was -unanimously elected. Sullivan unconsciously<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_127"></a>[127]</span> -assisted me in my design. It was through his influence, -though at my suggestion, that the official -organiser was sent down in the first instance.</p> - -<p>Having once obtained the position, I spared -neither pains nor money to make myself secure -in it. My status and extensive practice as a -doctor permitted of my playing the <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">rôle</i> of the -generous patriot, and there was no subscription -list on which my name did not figure in some -capacity as the patriotic, political, charitable, or -religious friend. The latter was not by any -means the most infrequent, for religion of a -certain type plays a very large part in Irish -politics. Where money and the other arts failed, -then I took to diplomacy. Year in, year out, I -continued president of my camp, though always -at election time asking to be allowed to retire in -favour of some better and more deserving brother. -Of course it was simply a case of “swearing I -would ne’er consent, consenting.”</p> - -<p>I was too useful to my brothers of “Camp 463,” -now 204, to allow of their permitting me to retire -to the ranks. If no other reason but the question -of money came in, then this of itself alone would -have been sufficient. When a delegate had to -be despatched to conventions or gatherings elsewhere, -none were more ready to start than I, -while—more important still for the patriots—my<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_128"></a>[128]</span> -bills for expenses, instead of being of the large -and unjustifiable character usually associated with -such proceedings, could only be got from me under -protest, and with every manifestation of desire to -save them outlay. Of course, this travelling about -from centre to centre, this mixing with many men -from many points, and the opportunities thus -afforded for gaining information and opening -up new sources of supply, admirably suited my -purpose; and by taking advantage of the varied -openings given me, I was enabled to extend my -usefulness as a Secret Service agent to a very -appreciable extent.</p> - -<p>Matters, indeed, were satisfactorily situated for -me at every point. As Senior Guardian of the -Braidwood camp, I was in receipt of every document -issued from head-quarters, and through me -many of these found their way to Mr. Anderson on -the English side of the water. My work in connection -with these documents taxed all my powers -of resource; and had it not been for the popular and -trusted position which I held, I could have accomplished -very little in regard to them. A stringent -regulation of the Executive required that all documents—when -not returned to head-quarters, as -many had to be—should be burned in view of -the camp, in order that the most perfect secrecy -should be secured. It was, of course, impossible<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_129"></a>[129]</span> -for me to retain the originals of those which had -to be returned, and of them I could only keep -copies. With those requiring destruction in the -presence of my camp, I was enabled to act -differently. Always prepared for the emergency, -I was, by a sleight-of-hand performance, enabled -to substitute old and unimportant documents for -those which really should have been burnt, and -to retain in my possession, and subsequently -transmit to England, the originals of all the most -important. I was, of course, shaking hands with -danger and discovery at every turn, and yet so -marvellous was my success that I not only escaped -betrayal, but that which would undoubtedly have -led to it, namely, suspicion.</p> - -<p>To this end, I was much assisted by the confidence -reposed in me by my fellow-officials, the -Junior Guardians, who exhibited their trust to the -extent of giving me possession of their keys of the -strong-box, of which they held possession during -their period of office. This contained all the -papers of the camp; and with a view to its safety, -one key was given to the Senior Guardian, and -the other to the Junior Guardian, the locks being -different in construction, so that the box could -only be opened by the concurrence of both -officials. Had I not been able to obtain the -confidence of my Junior Guardians to the extent<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_130"></a>[130]</span> -of possessing their keys, I could never have -brought my designs to such a successful issue. -Strangely enough, when I appeared in the witness-box -at the Commission—for I was even then -Senior Guardian of my Clan-na-Gael camp—I -had both keys of our strong-box in my possession, -which I jokingly offered to Mr. Houston -as a memento of our strange and unlooked-for -meeting.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="XXV">XXV.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="noindent">Meantime, events had been developing themselves -in a strange and unlooked-for way. -O’Donovan Rossa—speaking to the Irish in -America through the columns of the <cite>Irish World</cite>—had -advocated the establishment of a Skirmishing -Fund in the following style:—</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“Five thousand dollars will have to be collected before the -campaign can be started. England will not know how or -where she is to be struck. A successful stroke or any stroke -that will do her 500,000 dollars’ worth of damage will bring us -funds enough to carry on the work: and by working on incessantly -and persistently, the patient dirt and powder shock will -bring out enough perhaps to carry on the war.”</p> -</div> - -<p>In the same issue of the <cite>Irish World</cite>, Patrick -Ford, in the course of a commendatory article, -said—</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_131"></a>[131]</span></p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“What will this irregular warfare of our Irish Skirmishers -effect? It will do this much. It will harass and annoy England. -It will help to create her difficulty and hasten our opportunity. -It will not only annoy England, but it will hush her -too. This is what we look for from the Skirmishers. One -hundred dollars expended on skirmishing may cause to England -a loss of 100,000,000 dollars. That would be a damaging -blow to the enemy; and what is to prevent the dealing one of -three or four such blows every year?”</p> -</div> - -<p>Here I shall drop Rossa and his Skirmishing -Fund for the moment, to say a few words about -Ford. The opportunity seems a favourable one -for dealing with a man whose name has been so -prominent of late years, and clearing up a few of -the many misconceptions which appear to exist -regarding him. Like O’Donovan Rossa, his -colleague at this time in skirmishing matters, -Ford’s position in Irish revolutionary affairs has -been quite misunderstood in British quarters -outside the Parnellite party. As a matter of -fact Ford is not, and never has been, a member -of the Clan-na-Gael. True it is that he was a -member of the old Fenian organisations which -preceded it—as, for instance, the Irish Confederation, -but in the membership of the last and -most powerful of all the branches of the Irish-American -conspiracy, the editor of the <cite>Irish -World</cite> has had no place. The secret of his -position and influence lies in his paper. This,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_132"></a>[132]</span> -from the very moment of its start, has been a -pronounced success, reaching a high-water mark -of influence and circulation, which threw the puny -efforts of its competitors completely into the -shade. The paper came into existence at the -proper moment for itself; it was well edited, -well printed, and splendidly equipped with news -from every quarter, and on every point. It -caught the public fancy and “went” amazingly. -Ford, originally a printer and a man of no mean -attainment, gathered round him a staff of equally -clever writers, established correspondents at every -important centre, and working at very high pressure, -was on the point of failing on several occasions, -only to escape through the assistance of -friends, politicians, or capitalists, willing to oblige -for certain considerations. Indeed, if I am not -very much in error, matters are not in the most -favourable way for the paper at this very time.</p> - -<p>Patrick Ford, according to Michael Davitt, is -a most worthy disciple of the Christian principles, -and a man whose life would serve as a model for -very many of those who criticise this dynamite -advocate’s character in no enthusiastic vein. -Speaking of the man simply “on the view” as -the American phrase has it, Davitt’s observations -are not so far-fetched as they would appear -to be at the first blush. In appearance and<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_133"></a>[133]</span> -manner, the editor of the <cite>Irish World</cite> is quite -the opposite of the man you would figure to -yourself after reading his dynamite appeals and -exordiums in his own journal. Quiet and unobtrusive -alike in look and speech, he is as mild -a mannered man as ever scuttled a ship. Of -medium height, spare of build and spare of feature, -without any ferocity whatever marking the outer -man, he gives the observer the idea of being a -quiet, sedate, and rather retiring business person. -Although a vigorous and effective writer, he is -not remarkable for his platform utterances, and -while a good talker, is by no means an orator.</p> - -<p>Associated with Patrick Ford in his connection -with Irish-American affairs have been his brother -Augustine and his nephew Austin. Augustine, -whose name comes into prominence with Rossa -in the Skirmishing Fund affair, was the publisher, -as distinct from the editor, of the <cite>Irish World</cite>; -while Austin, then a young fellow, was afterwards -to become a member of the Clan-na-Gael, and to -serve as the medium of communication between -the leaders of the Revolutionary organisation and -his uncle, the editor of what was undoubtedly, -though unofficially, their mouthpiece, the <cite>Irish -World</cite>. There were many reasons for an -alliance, unofficial though it might be, existing -between the <cite>Irish World</cite> and those charged with<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_134"></a>[134]</span> -the conduct of the vast secret conspiracy known -to the initiated as the V.C. For what the <cite>Irish -World</cite>, with its extended popularity, its great influence, -and its enormous circulation, championed -in public, the Clan-na-Gael worked for in private. -Ford and his fellow-workers, in a different path, -understood each other full well; and when, within -a year after the establishment of the Skirmishing -Fund, it became desirable that the Clan-na-Gael -should take charge of it, there was no more ardent -advocate of the change than he. And as in the -early, so in the later years. When the new -departure came to the front, Ford and his Clan-na-Gael -friends were of the same mind as to its -importance, and the necessity for supporting it. -When dynamite came to be the order of the day, -he was its loud-tongued apostle; and when, later -still, “martyrs” like Brady and Curley suffered in -Ireland the just consequences of their fiendish -part in the Phœnix Park murders, the editor of -the <cite>Irish World</cite> was first to fill the gap with a -fund on behalf of their families, excluding from its -benefits all connected with those who had had -the good sense, though bad patriotism, to plead -“guilty” to their part in the fell transaction.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_135"></a>[135]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="XXVI">XXVI.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="noindent">To return, however, to Rossa and his Skirmishing -Fund. As a prominent Fenian of “the old -guard,” and a member of the Clan-na-Gael, Rossa’s -influence, backed up by Ford’s advocacy, succeeded -in getting together no less than 23,350 -dollars by the 14th March following the issue of -the appeal—in something less than twelve months -in fact. Although, however, this large sum had -been accumulating during this period, and portions -of it had been ready at different times for use if -required, no skirmishing or pretence at skirmishing -had taken place, and some little dissatisfaction -commenced to manifest itself at the non-fruition -of the many promises which had been held out of -“hurting England.” There then occurred the -transfer of the fund to the Clan-na-Gael under -very mysterious circumstances, which have never -been thoroughly explained or understood. The -nearest approach to an explanation was afforded -by a communication from Rossa, which appeared -in the <cite>Irish World</cite> of the 21st April 1877, which, -I think, I cannot do better than quote here.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“When I started this Skirmishing Fund, the council-men of -the two Irish revolutionary societies in America—the Fenian<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_136"></a>[136]</span> -Brotherhood and the Clan-na-Gael—took it into their heads -that I was going to interfere with the regular revolutionary -work, that I was going to play the deuce with everything, and -they gave me no friendly help. I have been doing all I could -to convince them that I am not the very desperate character I -was in prison or out of prison; and some six months ago, being -telegraphed to visit a convention of one of those societies, I -went there. I there proposed to receive into the trusteeship -and Executive Council of the Skirmishing Fund one or two of -their body, provided that the one or two meant skirmishing -work such as was laid down in our programme. This proposition -of mine was accepted, and all passed off harmoniously.</p> - -<hr class="tb"> - -<p>“Here is how things stand now:—Mr. James J. Clancy, -who acted as treasurer of the fund, got married a few weeks -ago and ceased his connection with the <cite>Irish World</cite>. Then -Austin Ford wrote me (on 14th March) the following note:—</p> - -<div class="pad2"> - -<p>“‘I told you that, at a certain Irish convention, I had consented -to admit to the trusteeship of the fund some members -of their body. They gave me several names to select from; -and looking about for men who meant work, I took the names -of John J. Breslin, who rescued the Australian prisoners, and -who was the principal actor in the rescue of James Stephens -in 1865; of Doctor William Carroll, of Philadelphia, who left -his professional business (and being a particular friend of John -Mitchell), came to New York when Mitchell was going to Ireland -two years ago, went on board the steamer to see him off, -went on the steamer with him to Ireland, having no other idea -in his head but to take care of him. The other name I took -was that of James Reynolds of Newhaven, Connecticut. He -is the man in whose name the <i>Catalpa</i> was registered, and he -mortgaged his property to raise $4000, when it was needed at -a crisis in connection with the expedition. Now Mr. Clancy<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_137"></a>[137]</span> -and Mr. Ford have resigned, I have in connection with these -three men I have mentioned taken into the trusteeship John -Devoy, Thomas Clarke Luby, and Thomas Francis Bourke.’</p> -</div> - -<hr class="tb"> - -<p>“Last night Thomas Clarke Luby went to Washington, carrying -with him $17,500 in American bonds endorsed by me, -to have them transferred for safe keeping to the names of -Dr. Carroll, Thomas C. Luby, John Devoy, Tom Bourke, -John Breslin, and James Reynolds.... John O’Mahony -died. It was deemed well to send his remains to Ireland. -There was no money to bear the expenses. I thought I might -trespass on the skirmishing money. I consulted Mr. Ford -and Mr. Clancy about a loan. They said it could be legitimately -looked upon as within the pale of our work, and they -paid me $2030 to defray the expenses. The Clan-na-Gael -and the Fenian Brotherhood have promised to refund the -money.”</p> -</div> - -<p>No secret was made of the connection which -now existed between the “trustees” and the -“fund,” for a public address was issued “to the -Irish people in the United States,” and published -in the <cite>Irish World</cite> of the 21st April, containing -the following passages:—</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“But since the ‘skirmishing’ project was first announced, -circumstances have greatly altered.... Old Europe is -threatened with a general convulsion. War on the most -tremendous scale cannot much longer be staved off by all the -artifices and subtleties of all the diplomatists in the world. -Russia and Turkey are equally resolute to fight the inevitable -fight.... The rest of the Great Powers of Europe will be -drawn by an irresistible force into the arena. England, above -all, whether she likes it or not, must draw her sword once more<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_138"></a>[138]</span> -or meanly confess herself a third-class power. She is too -proud of the part to yield her high place without a blow. She -must first be beaten to her knees.</p> - -<p>“England’s difficulty then has all but come; in other -words, ‘Ireland’s opportunity.’ Is Ireland prepared to seize -that opportunity?...</p> - -<p>“In view of the altered circumstances of the time, ‘big -with fate to us and ours,’ we propose to enlarge the basis of -the ‘Skirmishing Fund,’ established by Rossa, and of the -plans it was intended to further. We propose forthwith to -create a ‘Special National Fund’ to aid the work of Ireland’s -deliverance.</p> - -<p>“Action, some may think, has been postponed too long. -Be this as it may, <em>we</em> are determined to lose as little further -time as possible ere we furnish our countrymen with practical -results of our work. But a blow must be followed up by blows. -Unhesitatingly then” (they ask for) “the means to do what may -give heart and inspiration to our brothers at home, and prepare -the way for the last grand struggle.</p> - -<p>... “We shall only add that it is plain that ‘the -Home Rule Agitation’ has signally failed to satisfy the yearnings -of the Irish people. The O’Mahony funeral demonstration, -with its deep heroic significance, has exercised the vain misleading -phantom. Every true Irishman in Ireland (and shall -we not say in America too?) once more believes in the old -creed of our gallant fathers—that the sole way to free or -regenerate Ireland is by total separation from England; and -that total separation can only be achieved by desperate sacrifices, -daring enterprises, and the strong hand.</p> -</div> - -<table class="autotable fs80 pad6"> -<tr> -<td class="tdlp smcap">“John J. Breslin,</td> -<td class="tdlp">}</td> -<td class="tdlp"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlp smcap">“Thomas Clarke Luby,</td> -<td class="tdlp">}</td> -<td class="tdlp"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlp smcap">“John Devoy,</td> -<td class="tdlp">}</td> -<td class="tdlp">New York.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlp smcap">“Thomas Francis Bourke,</td> -<td class="tdlp">}</td> -<td class="tdlp"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlp smcap">“Jer. O’Donovan Rossa,</td> -<td class="tdlp">}</td> -<td class="tdlp"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlp" colspan="3">“<span class="smcap">Wm. Carroll, M.D.</span>, Philadelphia, Pa.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlp" colspan="3"><span class="smcap">“James Reynolds</span>, New Haven, Conn.”</td> -</tr> -</table> - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_139"></a>[139]</span></p> - -<p>The names of the trustees will, of course, be -familiar, as being amongst those regarding whom -I gave some details some few pages back, and -who were all remarkable for their past Fenian -records and present prominence in the Clan-na-Gael -ranks.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="XXVII">XXVII.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="noindent">While the Skirmishing Fund and its custodians -were engaging public attention in this way, the -secret work of the organisation was by no means -being neglected. The ordinary work of shipping -arms to Ireland, and communicating with the -sister society as regards members, organisation, -&c., was conducted with regularity and precision; -while operations of an extraordinary character -were indulged in as opportunity offered. Amongst -these latter must be classed the negotiations, -commenced about this time, for an alliance -between the Revolutionary party in America and -the Russian Government. Wild and absurd as -the idea may at first appear, it is nevertheless an -undoubted fact that these negotiations were not -alone started in sober earnest, but they were in -the end finally completed and developed to the -stage of a regular diplomatic compact at headquarters -in Russia. As is well known, the relations<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_140"></a>[140]</span> -between England and Russia were for some -three or four years previous to 1880 of a distinctly -strained character, and war at many times -appeared imminent. Filled with the idea that -war would actually take place, the Clan-na-Gael -Executive caused overtures to be made to the -representative of the Russian Government, proposing -that they in America should fit out privateers -which, sailing with letters of marque from -Russia, should worry English vessels and assist -in every way possible in furthering the designs -of Russia, in return for which Russia should -pledge assistance to the Irish in their attempt -to wrest Ireland from English domination.</p> - -<p>The matter assumed the proportions of a really -serious proposal, and Dr. William Carroll, of -Philadelphia, about whom I have already spoken, -and who was one of the trustees of the Skirmishing -Fund, as well as Chairman of the Executive -Body of the Clan-na-Gael, was delegated by the -Executive to represent their interests in the -negotiation. Dr. Carroll, through the assistance -of Senator Jones of Florida, was placed in communication -with the Russian minister at Washington, -and to this gentleman the Clan-na-Gael -ambassador represented that some millionaires—the -names of two were mentioned—were prepared -to subsidise the undertaking, and that<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_141"></a>[141]</span> -several points had been fixed upon for fitting out -the privateers, San Francisco being notably one -of them. So satisfactorily did the negotiations -progress for the Clan-na-Gael people, that -in a few months Dr. Carroll left America for -the Russian capital, where, it was subsequently -reported in an official way, the treaty between -the Russian Government and the Revolutionary -organisation was formally ratified.</p> - -<p>It was a significant fact that shortly after this -the Russian minister at Washington was recalled. -The report in the official ranks of the -Clan-na-Gael was that the proceeding was the -result of an action taken by the British Government -in consequence of what had occurred. Of -course, regarding this view of the occurrence, as -far as I can speak, there was neither definite information -nor proof.</p> - -<p>This was but one of the many wild schemes -indulged in at this period. Another had to do -with the manufacture of a submarine torpedo-boat, -with which it was intended to inflict terrific -damage on the British navy under water. After -one failure, the boat was actually built at the -shipyard on the Jersey side of the North River -at a cost of some 37,000 dollars; but nothing ever -came of it, for it was apparently completed only -to be towed to New Haven, where it lay, and<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_142"></a>[142]</span> -where, for aught I know, it may be rotting at the -present day. Its principal use, as far as I could -make out, was in supplying a certain number of -patriots, charged with the control of its construction, -some five dollars a day each as recognition -for their invaluable services.</p> - -<p>On the other plots and schemes I can only -touch in the lightest possible way. They included -the assassination of Queen Victoria, the -kidnapping of the Prince of Wales or Prince -Arthur, an attack on Portland Prison, with the -rescue of Michael Davitt therefrom, and a hundred -and one odd schemes in which Dhuleep Singh, -General Carroll Thevis, Aylward, and other -soldiers of fortune or discontent all figured.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="XXVIII">XXVIII.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="noindent">The month of September ’78 was remarkable for -the arrival in America of Michael Davitt. He -had been released from Portland Prison on ticket-of-leave -several months previously, and having -travelled through Ireland in the meantime, now -came to the States with the ostensible object of -lecturing. This first visit of his differed from the -second one paid in 1880 by reason of the change -which his opinions underwent in the interval.<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_143"></a>[143]</span> -When in September 1878 Davitt landed in -America to be met by Devoy and others, and -welcomed in an effusive address, he took pains, -in replying, to state he was still faithful to the -principles of his youth, for which he had suffered -imprisonment, and that the dungeon had not -changed his political convictions in the least. -Apparently not, for during his visit Davitt put -in an appearance at several Clan-na-Gael camps, -and took part in their proceedings as a duly -accredited brother and representative. Contact -with Devoy, however, and with the theories on -the subject of the “New Departure,” to which -Devoy at this time was giving prominence, must -have changed Davitt’s views somewhat, for references -to past principles, life-long convictions, &c., -soon made way for pleasant pictures and prophecies -of the development known as the “New -Departure,” which was at last to bring the Irish -political plotter within sight of his Mecca.</p> - -<p>There is no need for me at this late day to -deal at any great length with what has since -been known as the “New Departure.” It proved -to be nothing more or less than the scheme which -found its development and outcome in the Parnellite -movement, viz., the bringing together the two -forces of Irish discontent—the Constitutional and -the Revolutionary sections—and, while allying<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_144"></a>[144]</span> -them for strategic and financial purposes, yet so -arranging the compact that each was allowed to -work in its own way for the accomplishment of -the object which all had in view—the repeal of -the Union between Great Britain and Ireland.</p> - -<p>The exact terms of the treaty or alliance proposed -by the American Fenians, after consultation -with Davitt, were set forth in a cable sent to Mr. -Parnell by Devoy and some of his fellow-trustees -of the Skirmishing Fund in the month of -October 1878, at a time indeed while Davitt was -still in the country. As the cable has a historic -interest, I will quote it in full here:—</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“The Nationalists here will support you on the following -conditions:—</p> - -<p>“First, abandonment of the federal demand, and substitution -of a general declaration in favour of self-government.</p> - -<p>“Second, vigorous agitation of the Land Question on the -basis of a peasant proprietary, while accepting concessions -tending to abolish arbitrary evictions.</p> - -<p>“Third, exclusion of all sectarian issues from the platform.</p> - -<p>“Fourth, Irish members to vote together on all imperial and -home questions, adopt an aggressive policy, and energetically -resist coercive legislation.</p> - -<p>“Fifth, advocacy of all struggling nationalities in the British -Empire and elsewhere.”</p> -</div> - -<p>Following up this proposal, to which, by the -way, no direct public reply was ever given, there -appeared in the press letters from John Devoy -advocating the new move in arguments which I<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_145"></a>[145]</span> -think I can best summarise by using the following -extracts from one of his epistles:—</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“The question whether the advanced Irish National party—the -party of separation—should continue the policy of isolation -from the public life of the country, which was inaugurated -some twenty years ago by James Stephens and his associates, -or return to older methods—methods as old at least as the -days of the <cite>United Irishman</cite>—is agitating the minds of Irish -Nationalists on both sides of the Atlantic just now; and certainly -no similar incident has aroused such wide discussion in -Ireland for many a day as the publication of the views of the -exiled Nationalists resident in New York on the subject.</p> - -<p>“The object aimed at by the Irish National party—the recovery -of Ireland’s national independence, and the severance -of all political connection with England—is one that would -require the utmost efforts and the greatest sacrifices on the part -of the whole Irish people.... I am not one of those who -despair of Ireland’s freedom, and am as much in favour of continuing -the struggle to-day as some of those who talk loudest -against constitutional agitation. I am convinced that the whole -Irish people can be enlisted in an effort to free their native -land, and that they have within themselves the power to overcome -all obstacles in their way.... I am also convinced -that one section of the people alone can never win independence; -and no political party, no matter how devoted or determined, -can ever win the support of the whole people if they -never come before the public, and take no part in the everyday -life of the country. I have often said it before, and I repeat -it now again, that a mere conspiracy will never free Ireland. I -am not arguing against conspiracy, but only pointing out the -necessity of Irish Nationalists taking whatever public action -for the advancement of the National cause they may find -within their reach, such action as will place the aims and -objects of the National party in a more favourable light before -the world, and help to win the support of the Irish people.”</p> -</div> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_146"></a>[146]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="XXIX">XXIX.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="noindent">While the ball was thus rolling in this way, -Davitt completed his tour in America, and returned -to Ireland to resume his work there. He did not -return alone, however, for in his wake there -travelled his new colleague, Devoy, who, journeying -as one of the secret agents of the Clan-na-Gael, -went to Ireland to inspect and report on -the condition of the Revolutionary organisation -there to the V.C. Convention, to be held -in Wilkesbarre, Pennsylvania, in July 1879. -Associated with Devoy in this work of inspection -was General Millen, acting in the capacity of -military envoy. Devoy, while in Ireland, made -good use of his time. While he organised the -Irish Republican Brotherhood in their secret -meetings, he openly advocated the proposed -alliance with all his might and main. In Ireland, -however, as the report which he afterwards made -to the Clan-na-Gael showed, the Fenians were -not so ripe as his colleagues in America for giving -up, even temporarily, their secret methods for -constitutional agitation; and the work which he -was to accomplish was not destined to bear too -early fruit.</p> - -<p>As the report which Devoy presented of the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_147"></a>[147]</span> -visit thus made gave an interesting account of -how matters stood in Fenian circles there at this -period, I give a few extracts. They are important -as showing the condition of the Revolutionary -forces, which gave Mr. Parnell so much trouble a -year or two later, when, through me, he appealed -to Devoy to come over and cripple the opposition -he was receiving from this quarter:—</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“Three of the best organised counties—Dublin, Louth, and -Wexford—seceded from the S.C. (Supreme Council or Executive -of the Irish Republican Brotherhood), and believing the -statements, so often repeated, that the American organisation -supported Mr. Stephens, transferred their allegiance to that -gentleman. There still remained with the S.C. (Supreme -Council), Ulster, Connaught, Munster, a portion of Leinster, -Scotland, and South of England; but the work in these districts -was almost paralysed, and the attention of the men distracted -by repeated visits and communications of a conflicting nature -from contending factions, who all claimed to be ‘working for -Ireland.’ The numbers stood at this time (1878) as follows:—About -19,000 men stood by the S.C., some 3000 acted independently -in the North of England, and not more than 1500, chiefly -in Leinster, followed Mr. Stephens. No real work could be -done; it was a struggle for existence, and ultimately the majority -prevailed. When your former envoy arrived in Ireland, this -was the state of things he found existing. As you have been -informed, he succeeded, with the help of another member of -the V.C. residing in Ireland, in first gaining over the Leinster -men to the S.C., by telling them the real truth about the state -of things in America.</p> - -<hr class="tb"> - -<p>“A reorganisation of the S.C. satisfactory to all parties concerned -was then effected, and an efficient secretary elected,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_148"></a>[148]</span> -who has since then rendered invaluable service in repairing the -damage done during the short period of turmoil and contention. -Some years before the organisation had been a compact -body of over 40,000 men, acting under its elected council, and -making commendable efforts to arm its members in spite of the -most discouraging difficulties. At the beginning of last year, -after the S.C. had triumphed over the difficulties above mentioned, -it was reduced to about 24,000 men, the confidence of -many of its members greatly shaken, and much of the material -accumulated during past years badly damaged through neglect -or entirely lost.</p> - -<p>“It was deemed better to endeavour to weld into a solid -mass the united fragments than to increase its size by the -addition of new members. Some mistakes were made, but, -upon the whole, the action of the S.C. seemed to me judicious -and safe. Some 17,000 dollars had been sent by the F.C. -(10,000 dollars came from the National Fund for arms) for the -purpose of introducing arms into the country; but it was left in -the hands of the R.D. until my arrival, in the belief that the -machinery of the movement had undergone too great a strain -to be able to bear much pressure, and the hands of the S.C. -were too full with the work of restoration to allow them to -undertake any more. The organisation was just beginning to -breathe a little freely, and to feel that it was again a solid living -body, when I arrived to confer with the S.C. as to the best -means to infuse new life and vigour into it.</p> - -<hr class="tb"> - -<p>“I began with Tipperary, Limerick, and Clare, and continued -my tour till I had a fair idea of the condition of the -organisation in all of the seven provinces.... Besides county and -circle meetings, I attended provincial conventions in Munster, -Ulster, Connaught, North of England, and South of England, -and local district meetings in Dublin, Cork, Limerick, Derry, -Ennis, Glasgow, Dundalk, and other towns.</p> - -<p>“When Leinster and Munster shall have been thoroughly -reorganised, which will take some time, I hope to see 50,000<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_149"></a>[149]</span> -good members in Ireland alone, and I should not care to see -many more. In Ulster, Connaught, Tipperary, and Clare the -great bulk of the men are small farmers or farmers’ sons, and, -on the whole, there is a much better representation than in ’65. -I am glad to be able to report also the presence in the organisation, -and in positions of trust, of a few of the smaller landed -gentry, a few professional men, and a large sprinkling of comfortable -business men.”</p> -</div> - -<p>Nothing calls for further attention in connection -with this visit of Devoy and Millen to Ireland, -beyond the fact that the expenses of it were defrayed -out of a sum of 10,000 dollars taken from -the Skirmishing Fund for the purpose. Nor need -I speak in any detail of the proceedings of the -Wilkesbarre Convention to which the delegates -reported. There was no incident connected -therewith which calls for any special mention, as -particularly affecting events at this period.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="XXX">XXX.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="noindent">Though lacking official recognition and support, -the scheme of the “New Departure” was creating -a good deal of enthusiasm throughout the -ranks of the Gaels; and the reports which continued -to come from Ireland as to the condition -of the Land Question kept the matter fully alive. -The arrival, too, of Mr. Parnell in New York in<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_150"></a>[150]</span> -the month of January 1880 gave a fresh impetus -to the whole thing. And whatever doubt had -heretofore existed as to the possibility of working -the new move, and making it subservient to the -requirements of the Revolutionary organisation, -took immediate flight after a week’s experience -of Mr. Parnell in America. In the view of the -conspirators scattered throughout the States, Mr. -Parnell had given himself over, body and soul, to -the chiefs of the Clan-na-Gael. At every point, -under every circumstance, without a single exception, -well-known and trusted men of the secret -councils were by his side and at his elbow, pushing -him forward into prominence here, bespeaking -a welcome for him there, and answering for his -thorough fealty to the grand old cause at all -manner of times. Nor did his own utterances -leave any room for question. Brimful of references -of deep meaning, and constantly lit up with -the flashing of bayonets and rattling of musketry, -his speeches breathed the sounds of war and the -policy of the hill-side in every note, till men -listening to his accents thought that at last the -hour and the man had come. Poor fools! They -knew not that his enthusiasm was the enthusiasm -of the dollar, or its equivalent in English coin -when totted up to £40,000, and his only weapon -the House of Commons lie!</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_151"></a>[151]</span></p> - -<p>Mr. Parnell’s efforts in America to collect funds -for the famine-stricken Irish—this was the ostensible -object of his visit—were cut short by the -general election which took place in Ireland in -the spring of 1880, and he left hurriedly, but not -before he had laid the foundations of the Land -League, and played into the hands of the secret -conspirators by giving them a very leading share -in its control. Exit therefore Mr. Parnell to give -way to Michael Davitt, and enter Mr. Davitt once -more on the American stage in quite a new <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">rôle</i>. -Flushed with the triumphs of his recent proceedings -in Ireland in the establishment of the Land -League organisation, and the position he had -suddenly sprung into, he now came out as a -Constitutionalist pure and simple. There were -no more visits to Clan-na-Gael camps, for the time -at least. All was open and above board. He -had his fad; that fad was the Land League; and -his fad was to win in the political race, hands -down. No matter where he went, it was the -same story. Travelling Braidwood-way in order -to lecture in my district, he spent three days in -my company, part of which time he was my guest, -and fell ill on my hands, when I honestly and -successfully ministered to his needs. In our -intercourse at this period we had many talks over -the situation, and with me as with everybody else,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_152"></a>[152]</span> -he could only speak of the new movement. At -his request, I told him the whole story of the -second Canadian raid; and so great was his -enthusiasm in his new <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">rôle</i>, that he seized upon -the fiasco I related as yet another proof for me -of the utter impossibility of doing anything in the -way of active operations. Amused and interested, -I watched the dark determined face glowing with -light and enthusiasm, and wondered within me -how long this born conspirator would be content -to walk in the trammels of a truly constitutional -path. The opportunity, however, was too good -to be neglected, and I improved it by getting -some very useful information unawares from my -patient and guest.</p> - -<p>I was quite <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">au courant</i> with Land League -matters, for as an official of the Clan-na-Gael I -had been instructed to develop the movement in -my district, which I accordingly did, following the -usual practice of enrolling my colleagues of the -Clan-na-Gael as members of the League Branch, -and thus keeping the control in our own hands. -At public meetings held in favour of the open -movement—it will be noted I speak of the Land -League as the “open,” and the Clan-na-Gael as -the “secret” movement—I frequently presided, -and when the occasion arose, introduced Davitt -and Devoy.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_153"></a>[153]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="XXXI">XXXI.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="noindent">So matters progressed and developed, the only -important incident of the interval being the discovery -that James J. O’Kelly, late M.P. for -Roscommon, after being despatched by the -Revolutionary Directory of the Clan-na-Gael to -England with moneys to attend to the shipping -of arms to Ireland, had thrown in his lot with the -advocates of the New Departure in Ireland, and -been returned to Parliament with the funds placed -at his disposal by the Revolutionary chiefs in -New York. This, of course, was not the only -occasion on which the moneys subscribed for -blowing up England went to subsidise the New -Departure. Davitt and Devoy had both drawn -upon them to a large extent, though Davitt conscientiously -paid every farthing of his share back -in 1882.</p> - -<p>In the month of November 1880, John Devoy -issued a very peculiar circular to the Senior -Guardians of the V.C., or Clan-na-Gael camps, -which was remarkable as showing how loyal after -all this author of the New Departure was to -the methods of revolutionary work, and how he -regarded the Land League but as the stepping-stone<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_154"></a>[154]</span> -to more decisive things. This is how he -put the matter:—</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p class="noindent"><span class="smcap">P.O. Box 4, 479.</span></p> - -<p class="right"><span class="smcap">New York</span>, <em>November 1, 1880</em>.</p> - -<p>“<span class="smcap">Dear Sir and Brother</span>,—I propose to give a course of -lectures this winter on the subject of “The Irish National -Cause and the Present Crisis,” with a view to stirring up our -people here and increasing the resources of the National -movement. I will stipulate beforehand that the proceeds -shall either go to the Revolutionary Fund of the V.C. or to -the National Fund, so that we may be better prepared to meet -any emergency that may be forced upon us by England. -While believing that all our efforts should be directed to -restraining the people in Ireland from any premature insurrectionary -movement, I think the excitement at home should -be utilised for the purpose of procuring the funds necessary to -enable the National party to complete the preparations for the -struggle for independence. The <em>time</em> for that struggle must -be selected by us and not by England; but one must not -forget that our hand may be forced in spite of all our -endeavours; and it therefore behoves us to commence stirring -up our people in America now. I think the Land League -has now money enough for present purposes, and that the -state of things prevailing in Ireland demands that all money -that can be got from our people here should be devoted to -revolutionary purposes. I am convinced, in fact, that the -doing of this is the best help we can at present give the Land -League. The prosecutions have already given the agitation a -more decidedly national tone. Let us help to broaden it into -a truly national movement, and make it serviceable to the cause -of independence.</p> - -<p>“If you agree with this view of the situation, I should be -glad to receive your assistance in organising lectures in your -vicinity, <em>provided your doing so would not be detrimental to -the interests of the V.C.</em></p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_155"></a>[155]</span></p> - -<p>“I intend to begin in the New England States, then to go -through a portion of New York State and Penna, and thence -west. Communicate to the P.O. Box mentioned.—Fraternally -yours,</p> - -<p class="right">“<span class="smcap">John Devoy</span>.”</p> -</div> - -<p>I was only too willing to arrange for such a -lecture as Devoy wanted, for thereby I should -be bringing Devoy and myself into contact, with -every probability of getting useful information. -Accordingly, Devoy lectured for me somewhere -about January or February ’81, and during his -stay visited and addressed my camp. He made -a visit of some three or four days to my district, -and as I had hoped and anticipated, we had -many and long confidential chats together. The -position of affairs was fully discussed. Devoy -was very pronounced in his views about -money subscribed for Land League purposes. -What had been only hinted at in his letter, he -gave very plain utterance to in his speech. The -money subscribed for the Land League, he contended, -should not all go for bread, and in this -connection he outlined to me the ideas of the -Revolutionary Directory of the Clan-na-Gael (of -which he was a member) at this time. These -were, to put it shortly, to strike and damage the -British Government where and when they could. -“The organisation on this side,” said he, meaning<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_156"></a>[156]</span> -America, “have agreed to furnish the means, -and the organisation in Ireland have signified -their willingness to carry out a system of warfare, -characterised by all the rigours of Nihilism.”</p> - -<p>All, however, was not plain sailing to him, -and with amazing frankness he explained to me -what his fears were. There was, he admitted, -no possibility of a rising, as the leaders in Ireland -were all against such a movement in the weak -condition in which the organisation was. But, -on the other hand, all attempts made to restrain -the fire-eating elements would be met with failure, -unless something practical was done. The attitude -of Rossa and his followers had also to be -considered. If no active work was done, some -of our best men would flock to Rossa’s standard -and so weaken the organisation (Rossa, I should -explain, had by this time taken up an independent -attitude, and was working in connection with -the fragments that remained of the old Fenian -Brotherhood). It was thoroughly understood -that work had been done by Rossa’s emissaries -or rather some of them; hence the danger. The -name of Boyton, whom I did not know at the time, -but who was, as I learnt, a brother of Boyton the -swimmer, engaged as a League organiser in Ireland, -then came up, and I was informed that Boyton -was one of those occupied in developing the new<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_157"></a>[157]</span> -policy. By this I mean active warfare <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">aux</i> Clan-na-Gael -as distinct from the constitutional work -openly advocated by the Land League. Devoy -remarked regarding this active policy that it was -being well looked after, but would take time to -complete.</p> - -<p>Devoy’s confidences were in fact most exhaustive, -and enabled me to send quite an interesting -budget by the next mail to Mr. Anderson. I -learnt, as a further item of news, that much trouble -was being experienced in keeping the I.R.B. (the -sister society) men in some parts of Ireland, -notably in Mayo, where they had the best -organisation and most arms, from making what -Devoy described as “fools of themselves.” He, -it appeared, feared attacks on the military when -the latter were attending evictions. This striking -interview between the Clan-na-Gael leader and -the Secret Service agent concluded with the -important announcement on the part of the -former that he had received a letter from Mr. -Parnell, through a friend, in which Mr. Parnell -stated he was exasperated and was willing to -do anything. He (Mr. Parnell) had agreed -to the calling of the 1882 Convention, and to -its being a National Movement Convention; -and, in conclusion, Devoy said Mr. Parnell’s -personal attitude towards the National (<em>i.e.</em>, Revolutionary)<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_158"></a>[158]</span> -party was well and satisfactorily -understood.</p> - -<p>This was, indeed, a time of confidences with -me. I had communications with Alexander -Sullivan and Meledy within a very short period -from this, and from them—Sullivan being one of -the Executive, and Meledy a leading member of -the Clan-na-Gael—I learnt, though at different -times, that a new plan of campaign was coming -into force, nothing more or less indeed than -one of cold-blooded murder and destruction. It -appeared that a man called Wheeler had invented -a new hand-grenade, and had offered a supply to -the organisation. They were of such a portable -character as to be easily carried in a satchel, -and were especially adapted for the purpose in -view. Meledy told me he had offered to take -part in the work of placing them in Ireland and -England.</p> - -<p>The significance of the matter was lost upon -me at the time, but was fully appreciated by me -later on, when I learnt of the informer Carey’s -evidence in connection with the Phœnix Park -murders and the Invincible conspiracy, in the -course of which he confessed that he and his -confederates had arranged to kill Earl Cowper, -the Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, by a hand bomb -just perfected in the organisation, which could be<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_159"></a>[159]</span> -easily thrown from a window in a house in Cork -Hill, Dublin, which they had selected for the -purpose.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="XXXII">XXXII.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="noindent">My private affairs permitted of my taking a holiday -in the early part of the year 1881, and so I -determined to make a trip to Europe. Happening -to communicate my intention to my old friend, -Colonel Clingen, now the commander of the -Clan-na-Gael guards in Chicago, and a very -prominent member of the organisation, he gave -me to understand that the Executive would avail -themselves of my journey to send by me documents -which could not be trusted to the mails. -Nothing could have suited me better, and I -willingly consented to be of any service I possibly -could. Devoy, it subsequently transpired, was -the correspondent whose communications I was -to convey, and by an arrangement of Clingen’s -a meeting took place between Devoy and myself -at the Palmer House, Chicago, in the month of -March 1881. Devoy on this occasion handed -me sealed packets addressed to John O’Leary -and Patrick Egan in Paris. O’Leary was then -regarded as the representative agent and official -means of communication between the Clan-na-Gael<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_160"></a>[160]</span> -and the Irish Republican Brotherhood in Ireland; -Egan was the treasurer and accredited representative -of the Irish Land League.</p> - -<p>Journeying by way of Liverpool, I reached -England on the 12th of April 1881, and stopping -in London in order to see Mr. Anderson and -show him the packets, as well as to receive -instructions, I eventually travelled to Paris. On -arrival there I drove to the Hotel Brighton, where -I had learned Egan was located, and where I -determined to take up my abode. The first -person I met with in the hotel was Egan himself. -He was coming down the stairs in view of me, -as I asked for him, in company with Mrs. A. M. -Sullivan (wife of the late M.P.), both being bound -for the opera, where, on their invitation, I subsequently -joined them. I made myself known to -Egan at once, only to find of course that he had -received some hint of my coming, and was quite -expecting me.</p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp51" id="i_b160a" style="max-width: 50em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i_b160a.jpg" alt=""> - <div class="caption">PATRICK EGAN</div> -</div> - -<p>As I washed and prepared to take myself to -the opera, to see some more of this strange man, -I endeavoured to recall his appearance, and to -see how far he fitted in with the idea I already -held regarding him. A man of bright cheery -presence, stout build, and jovial look and voice, -the latter very marked in its Irish accent, with -bright laughing eyes and warm handshake and<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_161"></a>[161]</span> -a closely cut head of tawny hair, he was the last -person in the world you would take for a deep -conspirator, and a constructor of murder. I was -puzzled and bewildered—I could not make it out; -and so giving up all thought of trying to read the -man’s character on the outward view, I determined -I should leave my further studies in this -direction to a later date and go and enjoy the -opera, which I did.</p> - -<p>The next morning saw me <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">en route</i> for the -residence of John O’Leary, to whom I wished to -deliver my second packet without delay. I discovered -him without much difficulty in his abode -at the Hotel de la Couronne, in the Quartier -Latin. I found the old man surrounded by his -books and manuscripts, and from his appearance -more fit for the patient secluded life of the student -than the troublous career of the rebel. Seated in -his room, and gazing affectionately on his different -treasures of old and rare editions, he seemed -to have little in common with my friends of -the Clan. Yet I found him fully posted, and -as keen to talk with me as possible. At first -somewhat suspicious and uncertain in his manner, -he gradually lost his appearance of distrust, and -in the end gossiped with me quite freely. As -he opened Devoy’s packet in my presence, I was -enabled to discover that I had been the bearer<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_162"></a>[162]</span> -of a very long document, with an enclosure, to -which he paid great heed.</p> - -<p>From the very start I found O’Leary opposed -to the “active” policy. He was as strong and -bitter an opponent of the murderous idea as one -could wish to meet; and, unlike Irish patriots in -general, he was not without the courage of his -convictions. He showed me a copy of the Dublin -<cite>Irishman</cite> (the unfortunate Pigott’s paper), of some -date in the month previous, containing a letter -over his signature, denouncing all secret warfare. -In fact, so far did this really honest patriot go, -that he refused in his official capacity to take any -responsibility for expenditure in connection with -the “active” policy. While condemning such -methods, however, he avowed himself in full -accord with an open insurrectionary movement; -and he spoke in the bitterest terms of the way -in which J. J. O’Kelly and others had played -false, while acting as paid members of the organisation. -Another point in connection with our -talks was the opposition shown by O’Leary to -the Parnellite alliance. He would have nothing -to do with such a joining of forces as was proposed, -and he was all against mixing up the honest -rebel movement with one which was, in his opinion, -worthy of great distrust.</p> - -<p>I enjoyed my talks with O’Leary because in<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_163"></a>[163]</span> -him I found a fine, honest, fearless spirit. The -man was old and grey, with furrowed brow and -stooped figure, the result of his long confinement -in English prisons. There was little about him -then to remind one of the bright-eyed daring -prisoner who, fifteen years before, had, from the -dock of a Dublin court-house, hurled defiance at -judge, jury, and Government alike; but there still -remained with him the same fearlessness of tone -and honesty of conviction which marked him -out then, as now, a prince amongst his fellows -of the Irish conspiracy.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="XXXIII">XXXIII.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="noindent">In strong contrast to O’Leary was another old -Irish rebel whose acquaintance I made in Paris -for the first time. He was a man whose name -was familiar to me as a household word, but with -whom I had never before been brought directly -into contact. I speak of James Stephens, the leader -with whose name it was at one time possible to conjure -in Ireland, who had been the head and front -of the Fenian Brotherhood in Ireland in 1865, -whose word was law to its sworn thousands, -and who, after making his escape from Richmond -Bridewell in Dublin, ended his inglorious<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_164"></a>[164]</span> -public career by an unromantic exit in petticoats. -Curious being that he was, he inspired -feelings of the sincerest affection on the part of -his immediate followers; and there were few -things that, in their regard for him, they would -not seek to accomplish on his behalf.</p> - -<p>His escape from Richmond Prison, attended -with tremendous risk as it was for all concerned, -was a case in point; and as it is a matter about -which present-day folk remember little if anything, -I feel tempted to give the story in the old -man’s words, as he told it to me.</p> - -<p>“The two brave men,” said he, “brave men -and true, who were instrumental in releasing me -were J. J. Breslin and Daniel Byrne. Breslin -was a man of great expediency, or he never could -have procured the impression of the key which -opened my cell, and which was hung on a nail -in the Governor’s safe. He had to distract the -Governor’s attention; steal the key, putting -another in its place; get the impression, and then -return the key to its proper place again. The -most singular circumstance connected with my -escape was that while Kickham, who was deaf, -occupied the cell on my right, M‘Leod, a thief, -was in the cell on my left. A gong was placed -in his cell communicating with the Governor’s -office, in order to allow of his giving the alarm if<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_165"></a>[165]</span> -necessary; and he could not have helped hearing -me get out, when Breslin and Byrne, at one -o’clock in the morning, stood beside my cell. -He did hear me; but that thief, base as he was, -was not base enough to sell me to the British -Government. But then my trouble began. We -had only a few minutes to do our work in. It -was pitch dark, and the storm howled furiously. -The ladder provided for my scaling the wall -proved too short. Breslin, who was chief -hospital warden, and Byrne, who was night-watchman -and ‘lock up,’ were armed with two -revolvers each. They had also provided for -me. Our intention was to fight, if discovered, -until killed.</p> - -<p>“The short ladder nearly proved fatal. I could -not reach the top of the wall, which was twenty -feet high, so Byrne got a table out of the dining-room -and placed the ladder upon it. Even then -it was too short. I had to come down again. -Breslin was fairly wild. Another table was -procured, and again I tried. After a dreadful -struggle, I succeeded in getting outside of the -wall. It was no joke to jump twenty feet into -the darkness. I had to do it, however, or be -caught. Breslin gave me directions where to go -if I did not break my neck in falling; and he -and Byrne returned to their duty. I let go my<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_166"></a>[166]</span> -hold, and down I went, fortunately falling on -soft ground.</p> - -<p>“My directions were to follow a gravel walk -(for I was in a garden) until I came to another -wall twenty feet high, where I was to throw a -stone over as a signal to eleven men, all armed, -who were waiting outside to receive me.</p> - -<p>“I had some difficulty in finding the walk, and -could get no stone of any size in the dark. At -last I reached the garden wall, and threw over a -handful of gravel. A rope with a weight attached -was thrown over the wall. I climbed up by its -aid, and soon found myself in the arms of my -body-guard. We embraced with joy, and I soon -made them disperse. I went to a house in sight -of the jail, and remained there fourteen days. I -afterwards went to a fashionable boarding-house -in the finest part of Dublin and stayed two -months. I left Dublin in the brigantine <i>Concord</i>, -in company with Flood and Kelly, on the 12th -of March, and landed in Ardrossan on the afternoon -of the 15th.”</p> - -<p>Poor Stephens now lives in his humble garret -in Paris, an exile broken in fortune, health, and -hope, smoking his short black pipe and brooding -over these days that are no more.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_167"></a>[167]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="XXXIV">XXXIV.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="noindent">All this time Egan and I had been constantly -together. My desire was, of course, to make a -study of the man, and to get to know as much -about him as I possibly could. Everything -played into my hands. Egan was ignorant both -of the geography and the language of the French -capital, and he very largely availed himself of -the help which I was enabled to render him, as -the result of my supposed French nationality and -knowledge of the city. My position, altogether, -was a very pleasant one at this period. Egan -lived in a most extravagant fashion, and as he -would pay for everything and would not allow -me to share in any outlay, I had the best of all -things without any strain on my pocket whatever. -He frequented the most expensive cafés, had -the choicest of dishes, would only be content -with the best boxes at places of entertainment, -and, in a word, spent his money right royally. -The information should be pleasant reading for -the poor dupes in America and Ireland who -subscribed the funds over which he was then -presiding.</p> - -<p>We cemented a strong friendship, and I was -with him almost at all times. I made a point of<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_168"></a>[168]</span> -being in his rooms when his letters arrived, and he -was certainly very frank and open in acquainting -me with their contents. As a result, I obtained -full and accurate information as to the position -and progress of affairs in Ireland during my stay. -There was not the faintest shadow of a suggestion -of secrecy between us as to our attitude -towards Revolutionary matters. I remember -well on one occasion Egan summing up his own -position in these words—which I noted at the -time—“I am a Land Leaguer, and something -else when the opportunity presents itself.” He -boasted to me of his having been the backbone -of the Fenian organisation in Dublin for many -years, and admitted the fact, with which I was -acquainted, that he was a member of the Supreme -Council or executive body there.</p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp51" id="i_b168a" style="max-width: 50em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i_b168a.jpg" alt=""> - <div class="caption lsp2">“NUMBER ONE”<br> -<span class="fs90 lsp">P. J. TYNAN</span></div> -</div> - -<p>In our talks on Revolutionary organisations, -I found Egan an enthusiastic advocate of the -“active” policy spoken of by Devoy, and he -heartily entered into a discussion with me as to -the ways and means of carrying it out. In this -connection reference was made to Mr. Parnell, -and he assured me most emphatically that -“Parnell was all right as a Revolutionist.” In -support of this statement he cited the fact that -some twelve months previously Mr. Parnell -sought admission into the ranks of the Irish<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_169"></a>[169]</span> -Revolutionary Brotherhood, but was refused. -“Parnell,” remarked Egan with a wise look, -“thought a good deal of the organisation, but -it was not then in a flourishing condition, and -we thought he would think a great deal more of -it by being on the outside rather than in it.”</p> - -<p>Our conversations naturally tended in the direction -of finance; and when the topic cropped up, -Egan dealt with it in no nervous spirit, regarding -me as quite a worthy recipient of his confidence. -About this time a demand was being made for a -public audit of the accounts of the League. He -explained that an audit committee of three members -of the League had already gone over his -books, and this was all the audit that could possibly -take place. His reasons for such a strong -statement were very frankly given. A public -audit would, he said, be the very thing Dublin -Castle—meaning the Irish Government—would -like to have, but this was out of the question. It -was impossible for him to make public many of -the items of his expenditure! I laughed to -myself as he said this, wondering whether the -expenses of our many extravagant trips about -Paris came under this head.</p> - -<p>But he was dealing with far more dangerous -matters. He stated explicitly, in a very significant -way, that the money had been used for other<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_170"></a>[170]</span> -purposes than those of constitutional agitation. -Amongst these sources of outlay were the expenses -of the Dutch officers from Amsterdam to -assist the Boers in their revolt against British -control in South Africa; and coming nearer home, -the varied expenditure in connection with parties -attached to the Irish Republican Brotherhood in -Ireland. Altogether our talks on this branch of -the subject enlightened me on many points, and -supplied me with sufficient material to form a -fixed belief in my mind that his idea, at least, -was identical with that held in the States—that -the open agitation was but a branch of the movement -to obtain the separation of Ireland from -England.</p> - -<p>I use the phrase “his idea,” but to be really -accurate I should say “their idea,” for Egan -always spoke on behalf of his colleagues—with one -exception, which I can recall—and represented -that a complete harmony of view prevailed. And -in everything that happened subsequently during -my stay in England, I found this representation -of his sustained by fact, save the single exception -of which I speak—namely, in the case of Mr. -A. M. Sullivan. I had not long to wait for an -opportunity of putting the statement to the test as -far as several of the M.P.’s were concerned; for -very shortly after this conversation, Egan and I<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_171"></a>[171]</span> -travelled to London, and by him I was introduced -into the House of Commons, and to several Irish -M.P.’s, with the significant description “one of -our friends from America.” I well remember that -amongst those I first met in this way was Mr. -Parnell himself, from whom I received a very -warm greeting. On this occasion I was accommodated -with a seat under the gallery of the -House. This was but one of several visits I paid -to the House at this time, in the course of which -I constantly came in contact with Egan. When -alone I generally sent in my card to Mr. Parnell, -and he obtained the necessary admission for me, -much to his disgust, I am sure, when a later day -came and I put in an appearance in the witness-box -of Probate Court No. 1, London.</p> - -<p>At every point I, of course, made careful notes -of what occurred, and, either verbally or in writing, -reported them to my chief, so that the Government -were not really so deplorably ignorant as -the Parnellites then proudly hoped and believed. -In fact, not one occurrence of importance with -which Egan became acquainted—and he really -knew everything, and kept nothing back from -me—was delayed by a single post from headquarters -at the Home Office in London. To -resume, however. After this first visit to London, -Egan and I returned to Paris by different routes<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_172"></a>[172]</span> -and on arriving there the same close intercourse -prevailed between us. I had not been very long -back, when Egan informed me that Mr. Parnell -had written him expressing a very strong desire -to see me before my return to America. Nothing -loth, I promised to call upon the Irish leader -when next in London, and I duly carried out my -promise.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="XXXV">XXXV.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="noindent">Making my way down to the House on the -occasion of my next appearance in London, I -obtained admission to the Lobby—admission was -then an easier matter than now—and encountered -Mr. J. J. O’Kelly in my search for Mr. Parnell. -The late envoy of the Clan-na-Gael, who, unfaithful -to his trust, had got into Parliament with -skirmishing money instead of attending to the -shipping of arms for “active” work, had a long -chat with me over the situation, before the Irish -leader put in an appearance. While we talked -in this way, O’Kelly complained bitterly of -the opposition which the open or constitutional -movement known as the Land League was still -receiving from the Irish Republican Brotherhood -or secret organisation in Ireland, and he stoutly -advocated coercion on the part of the directors of<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_173"></a>[173]</span> -the American branch of the conspiracy in order -to bring the Irish malcontents into line.</p> - -<p>His remarks, however, were cut short by the -appearance of Mr. Parnell, who, leading the way, -conducted us to a corridor outside the Library of -the House, where an interview of over an hour -took place, O’Kelly remaining for a little until -the conversation was well under way. O’Kelly, -while he remained, did almost all the talking. -His remarks were a repetition of what he had -already said to me in private. When he left, Mr. -Parnell adopted the same line of complaint, speaking -in low tones, as we walked up and down the -corridor, to prevent any one being continually -within ear-shot. I was told detectives were -watching us, and that spies held a place in every -corner. As I afterwards learnt, the statement -was not without foundation, for every movement -of myself and my companion was noted, with -details as regards time, and duly reported to -Government officials within twenty-four hours.</p> - -<p>The whole matter, said Mr. Parnell, following -up O’Kelly’s remarks, rested in our hands in -America. We had the money, he said, and if -we stopped the supplies the home organisation -would act as desired. He expressed his belief -that Devoy could do more than any one else to -bring about a clear understanding and alliance;<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_174"></a>[174]</span> -and he commissioned me to use my influence with -Devoy, and to arrange for his presence in Paris -at as early a date as possible. So anxious was he -to bring Devoy over that he undertook to pay all -his expenses. Still speaking in this connection, -he asked me to at once proceed from New York, -after seeing Devoy, to other prominent members -of the organisation, mentioning particularly the -names of Alexander Sullivan and William J. -Hynes, the presence of either of whom, upon this -side of the water, he desired for the purpose of -bringing about a thorough understanding and -complete harmony of working. Special reference -was also made to Dr. William Carroll of Philadelphia, -and his attitude towards the open movement. -Dr. Carroll, I may here explain, had -been elected Chairman of the Executive Body at -the Wilkesbarre Convention of 1879, but had -resigned in 1880 in consequence of his opposition -to the way in which the New Departure was -being worked, and the treatment he received. -This was the same Dr. Carroll who had spent -the previous year in Europe, having been specially -charged with the carriage of negotiations between -the V.C. and the Russian Government.</p> - -<p>After arranging these matters with me, Mr. -Parnell entered into details regarding the position -of the Irish Question at this time. His remarks<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_175"></a>[175]</span> -on this point were a veritable bombshell to me. -He started off by stating that he had long since -ceased to believe that anything but the force of -arms would accomplish the final redemption of -Ireland. He saw no reason why, when we were -fully prepared, an open insurrectionary movement -could not be brought about. He went carefully -into the question of resources and necessaries. -He stated what the League could furnish in the -way of men and money, and informed me as to -the assistance which he looked for from the -American organisation. He spoke of having in -the League Treasury at the end of that year an -available sum of £100,000. He discussed with -me the details of the position occupied by the -home and American Revolutionary organisations, -and defended the American policy for the time -being. I parted with him with the assurance that -I would do all he wished.</p> - -<p>The interview had certainly proved a startling -one for me; and as I proceeded to my seat under -the gallery of the House, I pondered over the -manner and method of my late companion, to -discover, if I could, any incident in the course of -our hour’s talk which would materially affect all that -he had said. But there was none. The manner -of the League chief had been grave and impassive, -as was his wont; he had been business-like all<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_176"></a>[176]</span> -through; there was no uncertainty, no indistinctness -in his utterance. He had certainly made -a plunge, but it was a plunge taken with all -deliberation and premeditation. I went over -all the points in my own mind again, carefully -impressed them on my memory, and took my seat -in the house beside General Roberts, with whom -I had an interesting talk in an undertone, and to -whom I pointed out some of the celebrities on -both sides. If I remember aright, it was the -occasion of a vote of thanks to General Roberts -for his march on Candahar; and when the vote -had been recorded, a large number of members -crowded round to speak to him, whereupon -I left.</p> - -<p>Reaching the street, I called a hansom at once, -and late hour though it was, I drove direct to -Mr. Anderson’s private house in order to acquaint -him with what had happened, while the facts -were fresh in my memory. Carefully I went -into every detail, and as carefully Mr. Anderson -followed, taking a note as I went along of the -principal points. The early dawn had crept -upon us ere my report was finished, and concluding -at last, I took my departure, to lose no -time in getting that sleep for which I commenced -to pine, and which I considered I had very fairly -earned.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_177"></a>[177]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="XXXVI">XXXVI.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="noindent">I saw Mr. Parnell once more. This was when -I went to say good-bye to him. I found him in -the tea-room of the House of Commons, as -cordial as ever. Indeed, he was particularly -agreeable on this occasion, presenting me with a -photograph of himself, on which he wrote, “Yours -very truly, Charles S. Parnell.” This portrait, -which is here reproduced, I kept as an interesting -souvenir for a long time, but had to -surrender it at last to the Special Commission, -amongst the records of which it is now duly -numbered. Soon after I left London for Ireland, -not, however, before I had seen a good -deal of Egan, and spent several pleasant evenings -in his company, at the house of Mr. A. M. -Sullivan, M.P., who now, poor man! is no more. -I well remember Egan’s impressing upon me the -necessity for my covering my revolutionary sentiments -whenever Mr. Sullivan was near. It would -never do, I was told, to talk of revolutionary -matters, for he was ultramontane. This advice -I followed, noting the fact in my own mind to -Mr. Sullivan’s credit.</p> - -<p>Talented, witty, and brilliant, Mr. Sullivan -made a magnificent <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">raconteur</i>. Even now I can<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_178"></a>[178]</span> -recall many of his happy efforts which would well -bear reproduction. I shall not, however, yield to -the temptation of bringing them in here, but will -content myself with recalling one pleasant story -told about the irrepressible Mr. Biggar. Mr. -Biggar, as I was informed by way of preface, was -known as the great objector and “counter-out,” -sometimes, sad to relate, moving that the House -be counted when it was not to the interests of the -party to take any notice of the want of a quorum. -Very pious in disposition, he rarely failed to -attend early mass, in spite of late sittings and -consequent fatigue. One morning Mr. Biggar, -fatigued after a very heavy night’s sitting, but -still devotionally inclined, attended mass at St. -George’s in Southwark. So tired out was he -that he fell fast asleep in his chair as the service -proceeded, and so he remained until all had been -concluded and every one had gone. Upon being -vigorously aroused by the verger, Mr. Biggar -started up, rubbed his eyes, looked at the roof, -and fancying himself at the moment in the House -of Commons, with the master instinct strong -within him, loudly exclaimed, “Mr. Speaker, I -move that the House be counted.”</p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp48" id="i_b178a" style="max-width: 50em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i_b178a.jpg" alt="(Parnell signature)"> - <div class="hidden caption"><em>Yours very truly<br> -Char. S. Parnell</em></div> -</div> - -<p>Thanks to Egan, I travelled to Dublin under -happy circumstances. I was the bearer of letters -of introduction to Dr. Kenny, M.P., O’Rorke,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_179"></a>[179]</span> -Egan’s brother-in-law, and to those in charge at -the Land League head-quarters. I anticipated -an interesting time, and I was not disappointed. -Dr. Kenny, though his memory is now very -deficient—shall I say?—proved the most entertaining -of men, and I had both lunch and dinner -at his hospitable board in Gardiner Street. It -was in his company I paid my visit to Kilmainham -Prison, and through his kind introduction -that I made the acquaintance of John Dillon, -P. J. Sheridan, M. J. Boyton, and the others I -met on the occasion. My visit and its incidents -afforded a very good insight into how matters -were conducted, and proved to me how very -easy it was to carry on communication with the -outside world—at least when you were an Irish -political prisoner. To my surprise there was no -attempt made by the warder to hear the conversation -I had with Boyton. On the contrary, -this interesting official most obligingly took himself -off.</p> - -<p>This meeting with Boyton was full of interest -to me. He was the man, it will be remembered, -who had been named by Devoy as carrying out -the arrangements for the “active” policy of -Ireland, and who was best known as the brother -of Captain Boyton the swimmer. From him in -the secrecy of conversation, undisturbed by the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_180"></a>[180]</span> -presence of a warder or fellow-prisoner, I learnt -that the Land League had placed the Fenian or -National cause in a far stronger position than -ever in Ireland. Could the Clan-na-Gael only -see the national spirit which had been developed -all over Ireland, they would never oppose it, he -believed. In counties where the Revolutionary -organisation had been dead for years, continued -he, there was now material for work, and men -ready to go as far as any one. All these men -wanted was organisation and leaders. He -besought my assistance in proving his claim to -be a naturalised American citizen, which, if -established, would mean his release. I left him -with no doubt in my mind as to his being a -thorough-paced Revolutionist. When I got outside -the prison, I received from Dr. Kenny a -letter which Boyton had intrusted to him after -leaving, containing a couple of his photos. -Boyton, need I state, was a paid Land League -organiser like Sheridan, the director of the -Invincibles. My meeting with Sheridan was, -by the way, almost a momentary affair, and that -with Dillon in the presence of a warder.</p> - -<p>After a very interesting time in Dublin, I -left by North Wall boat, being “seen off,” as -the phrase is, by Egan’s business partner and -brother-in-law, O’Rorke, and Andrew Kettle,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_181"></a>[181]</span> -both Leaguers remaining on the bridge of the -boat talking to me till we left. The detailed -report of all I had seen and heard was duly -submitted to Mr. Anderson. I was commended -for my success, said good-bye to everybody, -and once more took ship for home, in order to -get back in time for the Convention of the Clan-na-Gael, -which was to take place very soon. Of -course there was another matter which prompted -my speedy return, and that was the work I had -undertaken to do on behalf of Mr. Parnell. I -had to see Devoy and the others, to report the -Irish leader’s views to them, and having acquitted -myself of all I had to do as a Revolutionary -envoy, to find out as much as possible of the -result, in order that I might utilise the information -in my capacity as an agent of the Secret -Service.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="XXXVII">XXXVII.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="noindent">I reached New York somewhere in the month -of June 1881. Devoy was not there when I -arrived, and so I had to telegraph to him -at New Haven, Conn., in order to arrange an -interview. My telegram was followed by a -written report of all that had happened; and as -Devoy was detained at New Haven, a lengthy<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_182"></a>[182]</span> -correspondence took place between us. Though -at first reluctant to go to Europe, he eventually -undertook to do so. His consent, however, was -conditional on his colleagues agreeing to the -undertaking, and with them he promised to -confer immediately on his return. Later on he -telegraphed me to lay his correspondence before -Sullivan and Hynes, when I discussed the matter -with them. The following is one of the letters I -had from Devoy in connection with this matter. -It is, unfortunately, the only one I retained in my -possession, the others having been forwarded with -my despatches at this period, as they were of a -far more important character.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p class="right"> -<span class="smcap padr2">“41 Orange Street, Newhaven,</span><br> -<span class="smcap">“Office of Mr. Reynolds,</span><br> -<span class="padr4">“<em>June 24, 1881</em>.</span><br> -</p> - -<p>“<span class="smcap">Dear Friend</span>,—I am sorry I was obliged to leave here -for New York last Saturday, consequently I did not get your -letters till my return last night. They would have been sent -on to me, but I was expected to return. I am much obliged -for the information you have given me, and the interest you -have taken in a matter that affects us all so closely. I have -not heard from H. (Hynes), but yesterday I received a note -from E. (Egan) urging me strongly to go over, but I did not -understand for what purpose till I got your explanation. I -should like to go very much if I could spare the time, and if I -thought my visit would produce the effect anticipated, but I -am afraid it would not. I have no authority to speak for -anybody, and no man would undertake to speak for the V.C. -without its consent, and which must take time to get; and<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_183"></a>[183]</span> -none of us, even if we had that consent, could give any -guarantee for the individuals on the other side, who are -hostile, and who, I feel certain, do not represent the opinion -of the home organisation. There can be no change there -until there is a change of persons, and that is sure to come in -time. All I could do would be to tell E. (Egan) and P. -(Parnell), on my own responsibility, what I believe would be -satisfactory to our friends here, and make propositions that I -might have felt morally certain would be approved of; but I -would not, on any consideration, have them pay my expenses; -that would place me in a false position at once. I have asked -advice, and if certain friends here think it the right thing to do, -I shall start next Wednesday; but, at present, I do not think -I shall be so advised. They seem to misunderstand our dissatisfaction -here. It is not their action in Ireland, but the -action they allow their friends to take in their name here. -There is little difference of opinion about the essential point, -but we cannot tolerate the kind of thing begun in Buffalo. -Please drop me a line to P.O. box 4,479, New York City, and -even if I should go it will reach me. I will write again.—Yours -in haste,</p> - -<p class="right smcap">“John Devoy.”</p> -</div> - -<p>Before proceeding to Sullivan and Hynes, I -took a trip to Philadelphia, in order to see Dr. -Carroll and convey Mr. Parnell’s views to him. -With him I found very little sympathy for the -proposal. He was as antagonistic to the open -movement as possible. As for Davitt, he had -lost all faith in him. “When Davitt ceases to be -a Revolutionist,” he remarked, “I have no further -use for him.” As for any practical alliance between -the two forces, his idea was that no two -or three people should take upon themselves to<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_184"></a>[184]</span> -decide, but that the whole question should be -brought up before the coming Convention. Altogether, -Dr. Carroll appeared anything but an -enthusiast on Mr. Parnell’s behalf, although in -the end he went the length of saying that he was -glad to find by Mr. Parnell’s attitude that there -was a returning sense of reason on his part. -From Philadelphia I journeyed to Chicago, where -I saw Alexander Sullivan and William J. Hynes. -I dealt with them separately at first, but in the -end a conference took place between the three of -us. The news I brought them appeared to be a -source of gratification. They apparently fully -realised the importance of the situation, and -determined in the end that one of them at least -should go.</p> - -<p>I had now completed my part of the work, and -so, content with my labours, I returned home, -wrote a full account of my proceedings to Mr. -Anderson, and turned my attention to my business. -I communicated fully with Egan in two -lengthy letters, but I did not write Mr. Parnell, -for Egan had purposely asked that I should not -communicate direct with his chief. As far as any -further public action on my part was concerned, -I dropped out of the affair at this point. I knew -that I should learn everything in time, and I was -quite content to wait.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_185"></a>[185]</span></p> - -<p>As I had anticipated, I did hear the result, and -on no less an authority than that of Sullivan himself. -He informed me some time later that the -sanction of the executive body of the Clan-na-Gael -or V.C. had been given to the bringing -about of an “understanding.” Sullivan, however, -did not anticipate that it would be all plain sailing. -Even then he expected trouble from the members -of the home organisation, but he pointed out that -their opinion was not that of the organisation in -its collective capacity. On one point he was -very strong, and that was the getting rid of poor -old O’Leary. The old man’s independence of -mind and speech was not by any means relished, -and so it was determined that he should go. -There could be no radical change brought about, -Sullivan confessed, while O’Leary was there, and, -I might depend upon it, a change of the representative -was certain to come very soon. As -he talked, Sullivan grew quite enthusiastic over -the new move, and he showed me by his manner -that he had given the subject a great deal of -thought.</p> - -<p>“I feel morally certain,” he continued, “that -the propositions I will make will be approved of. -I for one am opposed to bringing up this matter -openly at the coming Convention. I shall most -certainly object to Parnell or any of his friends<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_186"></a>[186]</span> -compromising themselves by allowing such a -course. The whole matter must be left to the -Revolutionary Directory and the F.C.” (Executive -Body). [As it will be seen later, this is exactly -what happened. There was no public discussion -of the proposal in open convention, but matters -were satisfactorily arranged in the quiet caucuses -of the responsible committees.] Sullivan, continuing, -said, “They (that is, the Parnellites) seem -to misunderstand our dissatisfaction here. Our -quarrel is not with their action in Ireland, but -with the action they allow their friends here to -take in their name. I know there is but little -difference about essential points, but we cannot -tolerate the kind of thing begun in Buffalo.”</p> - -<p>This reference to Buffalo dealt with some -proceedings in connection with the first American -Land League Convention of a few weeks previously, -which had attracted a good deal of -attention and comment at the time. I had no -personal knowledge of what took place, owing to -the Convention having been held while I was in -Europe, but I heard fully of the affair on my -return. The whole thing was nothing more or -less than an attempt on the part of the clerical -element to gain the controlling power in the -League Councils, to the exclusion of the Clan-na-Gael -influence. Certain speeches had been made<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_187"></a>[187]</span> -and action taken with this view, and although the -result had not weakened them, the Clan-na-Gael -leaders felt very bitter on the point.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="XXXVIII">XXXVIII.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="noindent">The month of August at length arrived, and with -it the Great Dynamite Convention of 1881. It -was pretty well known that “active” work was -to be the order of the day, when the future plans -and schemes of the organisation came to be -discussed. Nothing was talked of throughout -the camps but the utter lack of practical effort -which had characterised the past few years; and -now, when funds were pretty large, and the -organisation itself in a very flourishing condition -in every way, it was determined that some outward -and visible sign should be given England -of its power of doing mischief. The stories which -were daily reaching America of the alleged -brutalities being practised by the British Government, -only served to inflame the blood of the rank -and file of the conspirators, and to make them the -more eager to force on some exhibition of their -strength. The leaders, however, were in no sense -behindhand in the way of bloodthirsty sentiment; -indeed, as will be seen by what I have already<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_188"></a>[188]</span> -stated about Devoy and others, arrangements had -ere this been completed for giving expression to -the popular desire.</p> - -<p>The Convention, which assembled in the club-room -of the Palmer House, Chicago, lasted from -the 3rd to the 10th of August 1881; and although -the word dynamite finds no single place in the -official records of the assembly, it was in the air -and in the speeches from start to finish. The -whole question of active operations came up and -was debated at great length in connection with -the statement of accounts furnished by the trustees -of the Skirmishing Fund. Many of the delegates -present attacked both the Revolutionary -Directory and the Executive Body for having -practically done nothing, while an enormous -amount of money had been spent from this fund; -and wild demands were made for particulars. The -fight raged so fiercely that disclosures were made -compromising people on the Irish side of the -water; and, in order to prevent a complete <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">exposé</i>, -a resolution was suddenly passed forbidding the -mention of names and other compromising particulars. -Explanations were, however, tendered as -to the schemes which had been discussed and in -part arranged. These included the treaty with -Russia, the supply of officers to the Boers, the -torpedo-boat, the hand-grenade, the purchase<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_189"></a>[189]</span> -and shipment of arms, the purchase of 200 six-pound -cannons at $25 each, and the attempt to -rescue Michael Davitt on two occasions.</p> - -<p>In the end a resolution in the following terms -was adopted which, read by the light of the many -and excited debates, was a clear instruction to the -Executive Body to be up and doing at once in -the way of “active” warfare:—</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“That it is the sense of this Convention that, while we do -not dictate to the F.C., whatever action they may inaugurate, -however decisive, will meet the full approval of the delegates -present and the V.C. at large.”</p> -</div> - -<p>This, however, was not the only important -resolution they recorded. While the fight over -an active policy was being engaged in, I secretly -attended by request before the Committee of -Foreign Relations, and explained to them the -views of Mr. Parnell and Patrick Egan. As the -result of what took place in connection with this -matter, the following resolution was proposed -and adopted in open convention:—</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“That it is the sense of this Convention that both branches -of the S.E. (<em>i.e.</em>, the Irish and the American members of the -Revolutionary Directory), in so far as they can give their time -and energies to it, should devote themselves to the work of -revolution; and if such bodies cannot give their approval to -public movements that are intended to promote the political<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_190"></a>[190]</span> -and social regeneration of Jsfmboe (Ireland) when they are -supported by a large proportion of the Jsjti (Irish) people, -they will at least refrain from antagonising them, and that the -members of the I.S.C. (the Irish Republican Brotherhood) -and the V.C. (Clan-na-Gael) should not arbitrarily be prevented -from exercising liberty of action in regard to such -movements.”</p> -</div> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="XXXIX">XXXIX.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="noindent">In this way did both of Mr. Parnell’s ideas receive -recognition and support. In the first place, the -Revolutionary Directory was instructed to prepare -for the rising of which he spoke, while, in the -second, a pretty strong hint was given to the -home organisation that members in their individual -capacity should join the League and -support its programme. It is only right that I -should state at this point that I was not the only -one charged with representing Mr. Parnell’s views. -My attendance before the Foreign Relations -Committee brought me into contact with John -O’Connor, <em>alias</em> Dr. Clarke, <em>alias</em> Dr. Kenealy, -the travelling agent of the Clan-na-Gael in Europe, -who informed me that he specially attended in -his representative capacity to support the “understanding.” -This was not my first meeting with -O’Connor by any means. When in Paris I had -been introduced to him by O’Leary, and had<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_191"></a>[191]</span> -frequently met him in the company of Egan, with -whom he was on the most confidential terms, and -working in perfect harmony. O’Connor’s statement -was followed by one on the part of Devoy, -who informed me that “the matter was now all -right.”</p> - -<p>This Convention saw the initiation of the -Sullivan <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">régime</i>, Alexander Sullivan, ere its close, -being elected to the position of president of the -organisation, with head-quarters at Chicago. His -election was attended by many changes in the -constitution. Up to this the executive body, or -“F.C.” as it was termed, had consisted of a -chairman, secretary, and treasurer, with eleven -district members or “E.N.’s,” elected to control -the society in their several districts. The Convention -now reconstituted the “F.C.” by excluding -these eleven “E.N.’s,” and limiting the -number to six, including the secretary, who was -<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">ex-officio</i>, but without a vote. This was quite -a revolution in the management of affairs, and -Sullivan, in his new position, acquired a power -and prominence never enjoyed by any previous -president. It was after gaining possession -of this important and powerful post that he -visited Europe, in accordance with the arrangement -I had been the means of first proposing to -him. Of course it was not publicly announced<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_192"></a>[192]</span> -that Sullivan was in Europe. By some he was -understood to be ill, by others in Florida. It -would never have done for him to have publicly -admitted or allowed the fact to be known that he -was so far east as Paris.</p> - -<p>I had very many interesting conversations at -this Convention, but none more so than those -with Dr. Gallaher, now in Portland Prison for -complicity in the dynamite outrages, and Mackay -Lomasney, who had just returned from Ireland, -where, like Devoy in 1879, he had been acting -as the inspecting envoy of the Clan-na-Gael. -Gallaher, at the time I speak of, was making -experiments in the manufacture of explosives, and -advocating their use. He was quite enthusiastic -in their praise, and so carried away by his subject -that he expressed his willingness to personally -undertake the carriage of dynamite to England -and to superintend its use there. Lomasney was -an equally ardent dynamitard, not foreseeing then -the fate which awaited him under London Bridge.</p> - -<p>I think I cannot better conclude this chapter -than by quoting the following statement of accounts, -furnished at this Convention, of the Skirmishing -Fund, which, in all its details, even to the -amount stolen by the messenger of the <cite>Irish -World</cite>, should prove of interest.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_193"></a>[193]</span></p> - -<table class="autotable fs80"> -<tr> -<td class="tdc fs120" colspan="5">RECEIPTS, &c.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlp">Total receipts by <cite>Irish World</cite> up to May 31, 1881</td> -<td class="tdr">$88,306</td> -<td class="tdr">32</td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlp">Received by trustees from other sources</td> -<td class="tdr">1,603</td> -<td class="tdr">50</td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlp">Interest</td> -<td class="tdr">1,072</td> -<td class="tdr">50</td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlp">Profits on Exchange</td> -<td class="tdr">471</td> -<td class="tdr">25</td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlp"></td> -<td class="tdr" colspan="2">————</td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlp"></td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -<td class="tdr">$91,453</td> -<td class="tdr">57</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlp"></td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -<td class="tdr" colspan="2">—————</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc fs120" colspan="5">EXPENSES, &c.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlp">Purchase of bonds</td> -<td class="tdr">$31,488</td> -<td class="tdr">87</td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlp">Lent per F.C. to S.C. for tools</td> -<td class="tdr">10,000</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlp">Lent to F.C.</td> -<td class="tdr">5,875</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlp">Irish volunteers</td> -<td class="tdr">1,000</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlp">J. J. O’Mahony’s burial</td> -<td class="tdr">2,030</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlp">O’D. Rossa’s defalcations</td> -<td class="tdr">1,321</td> -<td class="tdr">90</td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlp">Old submarine vessel</td> -<td class="tdr">4,042</td> -<td class="tdr">97</td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlp">New submarine vessel</td> -<td class="tdr">23,345</td> -<td class="tdr">70</td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlp">Miscellaneous expense</td> -<td class="tdr">321</td> -<td class="tdr">4</td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlp">Lent Dr. Carroll</td> -<td class="tdr">860</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlp">Luby and Burke</td> -<td class="tdr">100</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlp">Cheques dishonoured</td> -<td class="tdr">78</td> -<td class="tdr">68</td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlp">Reception, Condon and Meledy</td> -<td class="tdr">249</td> -<td class="tdr">79</td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlp">Allowed A. Ford on old money, Rossa’s not cashed</td> -<td class="tdr">41</td> -<td class="tdr">90</td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlp"><cite>Irish World</cite> overcharged</td> -<td class="tdr">5</td> -<td class="tdr">4</td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlp">Subsidising foreign newspapers (J. J. O’Kelly)</td> -<td class="tdr">2,000</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlp">Land League trial (Davitt)</td> -<td class="tdr">1,532</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlp">Special to O’Kelly</td> -<td class="tdr">177</td> -<td class="tdr">63</td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlp">Author, New Departure</td> -<td class="tdr">1,003</td> -<td class="tdr">90</td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlp">Stolen by messenger of <cite>Irish World</cite></td> -<td class="tdr">27</td> -<td class="tdr">50</td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlp">Reception of Parnell</td> -<td class="tdr">165</td> -<td class="tdr">0</td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlp"></td> -<td class="tdr" colspan="2">————</td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlp"></td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -<td class="tdr">$85,666</td> -<td class="tdr">92</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlp"></td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -<td class="tdr" colspan="2">—————</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc fs120" colspan="5">ASSETS.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlp">Balance in bank</td> -<td class="tdr">$5,745</td> -<td class="tdr">82</td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlp">Balance on hands</td> -<td class="tdr">40</td> -<td class="tdr">83</td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlp"></td> -<td class="tdr" colspan="2">————</td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlp"></td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -<td class="tdr">$5,786</td> -<td class="tdr">65</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlp"></td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -<td class="tdr" colspan="2">————</td> -</tr> -</table> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_194"></a>[194]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="XL">XL.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="noindent">I have found this subject of Irish secret conventions -so interesting to the many people who -have talked with me about Clan-na-Gael affairs -since my appearance in the witness-box that I -almost think I might venture on some slight description -of the <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">modus operandi</i> of these gatherings -without wearying the reader. Like all proceedings -from which the general public are shut out, -a Clan-na-Gael assembly becomes interesting in -proportion to the amount of secrecy by which it is -attended. Not indeed that a Clan-na-Gael Convention -is anything very exciting or terrible after -all. It possesses none of the weird features of -that scene in which our three old friends of Macbeth -figure. It is on the contrary very Irish—very -Irish indeed. But what it is and what it is -not can best be demonstrated by some few details -by way of description; and so, transforming my -gentle reader for the nonce into a V.C. delegate, -I will take him with me for a flying visit to the -Clan Convention of 1881 in the club-room of the -Palmer House, Chicago.</p> - -<p>As we pass along down the corridor to the iron -doors of the club-room, we find our passage barred -by two stalwart Irishmen. They are members of<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_195"></a>[195]</span> -the local camp, stationed as sentinels to prevent -the entry of the unauthorised. We have already -presented our credentials and been intrusted with -the necessary passwords, and on giving the outside -password to these guardians of the door, we are -duly admitted. On the other side, however, we -are brought face to face with another couple of -trusted Gaels, and to them we have to give the -inside password. ’Tis done, and, freed now from -further question, we enter the charmed assembly. -What a sight! What a babel of voices and a -world of smoke! You can scarce see for the -clouds which curl and roll round you as the -breath of fresh air is admitted by the opening -door, while, as for hearing, your ears are deafened -by the din and clatter of many tongues and stamping -feet. Yes, we are at last in the Irish Parliament, -as it is grandly termed, in full session. -These are the hundred and sixty odd delegates of -the great V.C., sworn “to make Ireland a nation -once again,” who are now assembled in the year of -grace 1881 to clamour for dynamite as the only -means of achieving their patriotic ends.</p> - -<p>Let us sit down in the corner and study the -scene with attention. It partakes, on the first -view, more of the character of a “free and easy” -entertainment than a grave portentous gathering -of conspirators; but you must not judge by first<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_196"></a>[196]</span> -appearances or outward characteristics. It is the -way these men have of doing their business, and -the dread character of their work is in no way -affected by the almost ludicrous phases of the preliminary -performance. Always you must remember -that you are dealing with Irishmen, who in -their wildest and most ferocious of fights still retain -that substratum of childishness of character and -playfulness of mood, with its attendant elements -of exaggeration and romance, which make it as -difficult for an ordinary House of Commons -member to rightly understand his Irish colleague -when he launches forth in description or invective, -as it is for the civilised foreigner to know where -the actual grievance now comes in.</p> - -<p>Well, we are seated, and we must proceed to -make the most of our time. And so I hurry -on with my description. That is the chairman -seated over there on the platform, with his two -secretaries in attendance. The permanent presiding -officer, as he is termed, is on this occasion -no other than our friend Wm. J. Hynes, the -gentleman who received his start in Chicago politics -as a professional juryman through the instrumentality -of Alexander Sullivan, and who since -that time has put together flesh as well as riches, -and is now one of the strongest-looking men -here, possessed of that which, if he had no other<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_197"></a>[197]</span> -qualification, would yet constitute a strong claim for -the office of chairman—a voice capable of rising -above the din caused by fifty excited patriots all -yelling with their greatest might. Seated round -in semi-circular fashion are the different delegates -who, in the language they love so well, may be -described as the flower of Irish-American patriotism. -They are a funny crowd, as lolling with -arms akimbo, and thumbs resting in their waistcoat -arm-holes, they hang their feet on the chairs -in front, which for comfort’s sake are tilted to an -angle of some 40 or 45 degrees, and puff their -cigars—on such an occasion there is nothing so -vulgar as a pipe indulged in—high up into the -air, changing their position now and again in -order to have a pull at those interesting-looking -black bottles, or to disrobe themselves of coat or -waistcoat, the better to cool their heated frames.</p> - -<p>But hark! there is a row on now. Listen to -the oaths and foul epithets which fill the air. -These two patriots to our left have apparently -disagreed about something and, want to fight it -out. See how they jump to their feet, kick the -chairs about, throw a curse across the floor at the -chairman as he seeks to stop their rowdy proceedings, -and enter into grips with each other. -Watch how friends hurry up on either side, and -note the general confusion which now reigns.<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_198"></a>[198]</span> -The business of the Convention of course is -brought to a standstill, but not for long. See, -all is quiet again now. These incidents are of -hourly occurrence, and the fun of it all is that -these two combatants will be drinking whisky -in the most amicable way out of the same black -bottle in less than a quarter of an hour’s time. -Do you notice these few men hurrying in with -handkerchiefs to their lips? Thirsty souls! They -have been taking advantage of the interval to -pay a visit to the bar.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="XLI">XLI.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="noindent">At last we turn to business again. Luckily the -topic is an exciting one—nothing less indeed -than the Skirmishing Fund discussion—and so -matters will be interesting. O’Meagher Condon -is on his feet, and he is launching forth in vehement -style against the whole of the governing -powers. Condon is one of those men who were -mixed up in the Manchester Martyr affair, and -since his arrival here a couple of years since, on -being amnestied, he has been quite a hero. He -has now a position in a Government department -at Washington, and is much esteemed in the -ranks of the Gaels. How his face works with<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_199"></a>[199]</span> -excitement and passion as he attacks Devoy and -his fellows on the Revolutionary Directory for -their want of practical work. He finishes at last, -and up jumps Devoy, more sour-looking than -ever, with the perpetual scowl growing heavier -and heavier. As he proceeds, the author of the -New Departure has recourse to the usual method -of controversy. He asserts that Condon is a -coward, and was guilty of the grossest neglect at -Manchester. If Condon had but distributed the -twenty odd pounds which were found on him on -his arrest, many of the men would have escaped, -instead of being captured with empty pockets. -Gruffer and gruffer becomes Devoy’s voice, as -losing partial control of himself he trembles with -excitement and flings charge after charge across -the floor.</p> - -<p>We are in for another personal quarrel, and -so have to wait patiently while Condon, for the -hundredth time, recites the threadbare narrative -of his glorious deeds in Manchester. Matters -are very electrical when the Rev. George C. -Betts of St. Louis craves a hearing, and with -his well-known smile seeks the suffrages of his -fellow-patriots for the moment. Truly, a strange -figure in a strange place. Tall, erect, in the -black garb of the Church, with priest-like face -and priest-like form, he woos the assembly to a<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_200"></a>[200]</span> -strange quietness as his clerical style of utterance -falls upon the audience. He is as hot a dynamitard -as any, but he wants no personalities. -If they are to accomplish anything, they really -must be more practical. And so he proceeds, -winning applause and spreading enthusiasm, till -Devoy and Condon, and their personalities, are -swept into forgetfulness, and all are engaged in -applauding revolutionary sentiment spiced with -religious quotation, and served up in the most -orthodox of fashions.</p> - -<p>The reverend dynamitard concludes, and -resumes his seat amidst most enthusiastic evidences -of his popularity. He gives way to an -equally inharmonious figure in this motley -gathering. The man who now rises is one of -medium height, whose every movement bespeaks -the professional man, as awhile back the picture -presented by the Rev. Dr. Betts bespoke the -cleric. A young man too is this, with his neat -attire, trim beard, and gold-headed cane. No -less a person is he than Dr. Gallaher, who, in this -year of 1892, in the convict suit of grey with -its regulation arrows, works out his weary life -in Portland prison. As you watch, and as he -speaks in that quiet gentlemanly fashion of his, -you can well believe that he is a man of whom -it might be afterwards boasted that he was<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_201"></a>[201]</span> -introduced to Mr. Gladstone himself. Save in -his sentiments there is nothing of the dynamitard -about him, but in the matter of his speech -there is no room for doubt. Quiet and self-controlled -though he be, his talk is the talk of -war, and the enthusiasm which lights up his -countenance is that strong steady flame which -will steadily burn till England’s dungeon doors -close upon him and cut short his career of -recklessness.</p> - -<p>Following him on the floor is the familiar -form of Denis Feeley, the fellow “Triangler” -of Sullivan in later days, and with him the object -of attack on the part of Cronin’s friends. Cool, -calm, and deliberate, he carries his audience with -him as he advocates “a secret blow at the -enemy”; while his big form shakes with indignation -as he works himself up to an excited -pitch over “the wrongs of their beloved country.” -At last Feeley concludes, and there rises another -well-known figure, that of T. V. Powderly, -for years the chief of the largest working-men’s -organisation in America, known as “The Knights -of Labour.” Little doubt can there be as to his -views. Listen to what he says:—</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“The killing of English robbers and tyrants in Ireland, and -the destruction by any and all means of their capital and -resources, which, enables them to carry on their robberies and<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_202"></a>[202]</span> -tyrannies, is not a needless act. Hence I am in favour of the -torch for their cities and the knife for their tyrants till they -agree to let Ireland severely alone. London, Liverpool, Manchester, -and Bristol in ashes may bring them to view it in -another light.”</p> -</div> - -<p>And so the talk goes on, and seven hundred -years of grievances find expression from the lips -of excited patriots, while quarrelsome delegates -destroy all decorum. There is little purpose in our -waiting further. One hour will be but the repetition -of the other. As we rise to leave, however, -one figure catches the eye and impresses itself -upon us. It is that of the arch-plotter Sullivan, -who, through all this din and turmoil, sits and -makes no sign. He knows that later on he will -be the candidate for the highest place amongst -them, and so he takes no side. There is no -possibility of your missing him as you pass him -by. There he sits, quiet, watchful, and alert. -You cannot mistake the man. There is a sense -of power and intelligence in that clean cut, -clean shaven face of his, lit up by its bright -daring eyes. Had you but heard him speak, -the lesson of his presence would have been -complete. His clear trumpet voice, rising and -falling with the play of a practised orator, his -choice finished diction, his well-reasoned, well-arranged -argument, and the graceful gesture and<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_203"></a>[203]</span> -movement of his whole body would prove to you -that there at least was a man gifted to command -and competent to control.</p> - -<p>And so we terminate our flying visit to the -Eighty-one Convention of the Clan-na-Gael, -wherein there were assembled forty lawyers, -eight doctors, two judges, clergymen of both -leading religions, merchants, manufacturers, and -working men, all mixed up in glorious confusion, -almost all reduced to the level of the whisky -bottle, and none removed from the struggles of -personal avarice and ambition.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="XLII">XLII.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="noindent">Nothing of a very stirring character happened -for the next couple of months, and so, much to -my satisfaction, I was permitted to attend for a -little without interruption to my private affairs. -They sadly lacked some notice on my part, -for business was growing, my drug-stores were -increasing in number, and so was my family. -Patients were very numerous too, but expenses -were not without their increase, for I had to -employ a regularly qualified M.D. to take my place -in my absence. If I could have settled down and -simply minded my own business from this henceforth, -I would have been in a very satisfactory<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_204"></a>[204]</span> -position to-day. But ’twas not to be. I was constantly -on the move, and living at high pressure -right through. To keep myself thoroughly posted -I had to be here, there, and everywhere, and, in -the end, my ordinary business had to take a very -secondary place. Even at this time my leisure -from political affairs was to be of very short -duration, for, in my capacity as Senior Guardian, -I received the following in the month of November -1881:—</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p class="noindent">“<em>Private.</em><br> -“For S. G. alone.</p> - -<p class="right"> -<span class="smcap padr2">“Head-Quarters, K.,</span><br> -“<em>November 21, 1881</em>.<br> -</p> - -<p class="noindent">“S.G. of D.</p> - -<p>“<span class="smcap">Dear Sir and Brother</span>,—It is the desire of the F.C. that -as many members of the V.C. as can possibly attend the Irish -National Convention at Chicago, November 30, 1881, will do -so without entailing expense on the organisation.</p> - -<p>“You will therefore make every effort to get the members -of the V.C. elected as delegates from any Irish society that -may have an existence in your neighbourhood, whether it be -as representative of the Land League Club, the A.O.H., or any -other organisation.</p> - -<p>“The F.C. particularly desires your presence as a delegate, -if it is possible for you to attend as such.</p> - -<p class="right"> -<span class="padr6">“Fraternally yours,</span><br> -“<span class="smcap">K.G.N. of the V.C</span>.”<br> -</p> -</div> - -<p>I thoroughly knew what this meant. Under -the new <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">régime</i> of Sullivan there was to be no -more of the “Buffalo business,” and to prevent it -things were to to done in a thoroughly practical<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_205"></a>[205]</span> -manner. The members of the secret revolutionary -organisation were to capture the representation -at the coming Land League Convention, -to act unitedly in the development of a policy -in harmony with the Clan-na-Gael, and to officer -the future executive in such a way as to prevent -further misunderstanding. In order to do all this, -the Clan-na-Gael men were to obtain election as -League, or Ancient Order of Hibernian, delegates, -the latter organisation being a purely benevolent -body, whose branches had largely affiliated with -the League or open movement from the start. -This was accordingly done; and thus it came -about that, when I met my fellow-delegates to -the open Land League Convention of 1881, I -found almost every second man a brother from -the camps of the Clan-na-Gael.</p> - -<p>The whole scheme worked in the most perfect -manner. On arrival in Chicago each Clan-na-Gael -man reported himself to the chief officer of -the district, to whom credentials were presented. -Official intimation was then given as to what -would happen, and each conspirator learned that, -prior to the sessions of the convention, caucuses -of the Brotherhood would be held in the hall of -Camp 16, Twenty-second Street, Chicago. The -usual precautions were taken, and admission only -gained by passwords exchanged on each occasion.<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_206"></a>[206]</span> -As the chairman at the first gathering—the Rev. -George C. Betts—humorously put it, “our object -was to make things easy for the Land Leaguers, -and to save them as much trouble as possible.” -At each meeting the plan of procedure at the -coming session was decided upon, and the election -of temporary and permanent officers arranged. -Nominations for various committees were fixed, -and no opportunity neglected for adapting the -constitution and officials to our requirements. -The resolutions subsequently adopted in open -convention were drafted by our committees.</p> - -<p>It therefore came about that John F. Finerty -of Chicago, the well-known dynamite advocate -and prominent member of the Clan, “called the -convention to order,” and made the opening -speech. William J. Hynes of the Revolutionary -Directory, and the chairman of the late Clan-na-Gael -Convention, was appointed temporary chairman, -and Joseph E. Ronayne, who had acted in -a similar capacity at the Dynamite Convention, -was appointed secretary, while T. V. Powderly -of the Clan Executive, whose fiery speech at the -same Convention was given a few pages back, -was nominated assistant-secretary. The nomination -of these men led to a trial of strength -between the two forces of the Convention, but -the real tug of war was reserved for the second<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_207"></a>[207]</span> -day, when resolutions previously adopted at the -Gael’s caucus were proposed, nominating the Rev. -George C. Betts of St. Louis as permanent -chairman, and Patrick Ford, John Devoy, Mrs. -Parnell, and a number of priests as vice-presidents. -Of course the priests were put forward -for politic reasons. The vice-presidents were -not objected to, but the appointment of the Rev. -George C. Betts, a Protestant clergyman, was -strongly opposed by the priestly party. A very -excited debate took place, but in the end the -opposition to Betts was withdrawn at the instigation -of the Irish visitors—Messrs. T. P. -O’Connor, M.P., T. M. Healy, M.P., and Father -Sheehy—and so at the close this Vice-President -of the Clan-na-Gael was elected, and the secret -organisation triumphed all along the line.</p> - -<p>The Irish political controversy was darkened -the following year by the sad event in the Phœnix -Park, Dublin, when Lord Frederick Cavendish -and Mr. Burke met their deaths at the hands of -the Irish Invincibles. As regards the Invincible -conspiracy, I have little or nothing to say. It -was in no sense an American affair, and no matter -how little or how much certain sympathisers in -the States may have known of the murderous -conspiracy, nothing was said on the subject in -public or in secret to connect the Clan-na-Gael in<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_208"></a>[208]</span> -any way with the proceedings of Carey and his -friends. There was, of course, a certain amount -of sympathy with the affair, as was shown by the -attitude taken up by John Devoy in his paper -the <cite>Irish Nation</cite>, which was, by the way, the -official organ of the Clan-na-Gael at this time, -and subsidised from its fund. Devoy gave great -prominence to the refusal of Egan to offer a -reward for the discovery of the murderers, printing -the following telegram in his issue of 13th -May 1882:—</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p class="center">“PATRICK EGAN ON BLOOD-MONEY.</p> - -<p class="right">“<em>Paris</em>, <em>May 10, 1882</em>.<br></p> - -<p>“Mr. Egan, the Treasurer of the Land League, has telegraphed -the following to the <cite>Freeman’s Journal</cite> of Dublin:—</p> - -<div class="pad2"> - -<p>“‘<span class="smcap">Editor</span>, <cite>Freeman</cite>, Dublin.—In the <cite>Freeman</cite> of yesterday -Mr. James F. O’Brien suggests a reward of £2000 out of the -Land League Fund for the discovery of the perpetrators of -the terrible tragedy of Saturday. Remembering, as I do, the -number of innocent victims who in the sad history of our -country have been handed over to the gallows by wretched -informers, in order to earn the coveted blood-money, and -foreseeing the awful danger that in the present excited state -of public feeling crime may be added to crime by the possible -sacrifice of guiltless men, I am determined that if one penny -of the Land League Fund were devoted for such a purpose I -would at once resign the treasurership.</p> - -<p class="right">“‘<span class="smcap">Patrick Egan.</span>’”</p> -</div> -</div> - -<p>And commenting upon it in the following vein:—</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“Patrick Egan has spoken out like a man against the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_209"></a>[209]</span> -adoption by Irishmen of the base English policy of suborning -informers. He declares that should a penny of the Land -League funds be devoted to such an object, he will resign -the treasurership. Mr. Parnell should at once repudiate the -attempt made from this side to connect him with action so -culpable and un-Irish. By consenting to become the trustee -of the Irish-American blood-money he would forfeit the sympathies -of his warmest admirers.”</p> -</div> - -<p>It was in this year, too, that O’Donovan Rossa -was finally expelled from the Clan-na-Gael. He -had been in very bad odour for a long time previously, -owing to his unsatisfactory connection -with the Skirmishing Fund; and at last, after a -couple of attempts to get rid of him, he was -summarily kicked out, and from henceforth repudiated -by the recognised officials of the secret -organisation.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="XLIII">XLIII.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="noindent">Eighteen hundred and eighty-three proved a -very busy time with me. There was another -Land League Convention: Egan, Sheridan, -Frank Byrne, and other Invincibles “on the -run” arrived in the country, and altogether my -time was pretty well occupied in obtaining information -and passing it on to my chief. The year -opened amidst rumours in the public press of -the secret movement having captured the open<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_210"></a>[210]</span> -organisation of the League. Mr. Parnell himself -had taken action previously in connection with -the Kilmainham Treaty, and in other ways which -were not understood or appreciated, and, as a -consequence, a partial breach had occurred. So -strained were matters becoming that in February -it was announced that both Mr. Parnell and -Egan would come to America in April for the -purpose of discussing the whole situation and -fixing upon some new mode of operations for the -future which, while equally effective as regards -joint working, would not impair Mr. Parnell’s -usefulness. Many weeks, however, had not passed -ere the fight between the clerical and revolutionary -elements in the States began to wax -exceedingly hot, and, changing his plans, Mr. -Parnell determined not to interfere, and so failed -to put in his promised appearance.</p> - -<p>Egan, however, thanks to the revelations of -Carey, had to make a speedy and somewhat undignified -exit from Dublin, and not waiting till -the month of April, he put himself <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">en evidence</i> in -American life in the month of March. I met -him a week or two after his arrival, when he was -the guest of Alexander Sullivan, the President -of the Clan-na-Gael, at Chicago. We renewed -our cordial friendship, and the same close intimacy -prevailed between us as had been the case<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_211"></a>[211]</span> -in Paris. Egan told me that the programme now -to be proposed would give full satisfaction in -America; while, as for Sullivan, he (Sullivan) -remarked to me significantly about this time that, -though he had never doubted Egan, he was now -more than satisfied.</p> - -<p>The public Convention of the Land League, -henceforth to be known as the National League -of America, took place at Philadelphia on the -26th April and following days. The same plan -of campaign as had been developed in 1881 was -put in force by the Clan-na-Gael. A secret -circular was issued instructing the camps to send -delegates, and these delegates when assembled -in Philadelphia pursued the same line of policy -in their caucus gatherings. The whole thing -worked like an exquisite piece of mechanism, -and produced the most satisfactory results for -the Clan leaders. Of course I was a delegate, -and of course I attended all the secret caucuses. -Well for Egan that it was so. He considered -it impolitic to appear at any of the secret -gatherings, and so, much to my satisfaction, he -asked me to acquaint him daily with what transpired, -which I did, and received in return many -interesting pieces of private information. The -Convention was remarkable for the presence of -Egan and Brennan, the runaway treasurer and<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_212"></a>[212]</span> -secretary of the Irish Land League, both of -whom took part in the proceedings, and of Frank -Byrne and his wife, who were accommodated -with seats on the platform.</p> - -<p>In accordance with the arrangements made at -one of the caucus meetings, Alexander Sullivan -was appointed president of the new organisation. -He played his part well on the occasion, and -succeeded in entirely overcoming the scruples of -those opposed to him in consequence of his being -chief of the Clan-na-Gael. Not once but twice -did this prince of intriguers decline the honour -respectfully but firmly; and not till after repeated -appeals from Mrs. Parnell, the mother of the -Irish Home Rule leader, did he consent to take -the office. Another leading Gael was appointed -secretary, and out of the Executive Committee of -seven, five were members of the Clan-na-Gael.</p> - -<p>Although Mr. Parnell did not make his promised -appearance, he sent a lengthy and significant -telegram, in which he asked that the -platform should be so framed as to enable -himself and his friends to continue to receive -help from America, and to work in such harmony -as would allow of their achieving those great -objects for which, through many centuries, the -Irish race had struggled.</p> - -<p>This was a pretty plain hint from the leading<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_213"></a>[213]</span> -spirit on the Irish side to keep matters moderate -in appearance, and it was not lost on those -charged with the conduct of affairs, as the following -extracts from my official report to my -camp on my return will show:—</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“The various reports were read and routine business transacted. -These developed that the Land League had not -increased in members, but, on the contrary, had decreased -during the past year; that a majority of the patriots of America -had become tired of giving their earnings for ‘Simon Pure -agitation;’ of the 900 branches existing a year ago, 105 had -disbanded, and 298 had failed to report. The total receipts -for the past year from all sources were 79,138 dollars, 40 cents, -and the disbursements 74,123 dollars, 40 cents, leaving on hand -a balance of 4915 dollars.</p> - -<p>“There was an evident desire upon the part of clerical -delegates and lady Land Leaguers (who evinced a fear of amalgamating -with dynamiters and secret society Revolutionists) to -retain the organisation intact, dropping the word land, adopting -the platform of the Dublin Convention of last October, electing -their officers for the ensuing year, calling themselves the -National League, and adjourning <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">sine die</i>. This policy received -an able but unscrupulous supporter in Miles O’Brien of New -York, a renegade member of the V.C., who exhibited the last -circular of instructions from the F.C. to a number of priests to -show them how they were to be manipulated by the terrible -Clan-na-Gaels. Had this source been successful it would have -prevented union, it would have continued the various factions, -and the formidable front presented to-day of all the societies -of the country pledged upon one platform to work united with -one object in view would never have been achieved.</p> - -<p>“Brother Brown of St. Louis moved a substitute for all -resolutions to declare the Land League dissolved after the -adjournments of this Convention, and the delegates to attend<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_214"></a>[214]</span> -the National Convention the next day. This eventually was -practically carried by a large majority.</p> - -<p>“The Convention, to which I presented credentials from -this body on Thursday morning, presented the grand array of -nearly 1200 delegates upon the floor, the stage being decorated -with portraits, paintings, statues, flags, and flowers, and graced -by some fifty ladies—conspicuous amongst them being Mrs. -Parnell and Mrs. Frank Byrne—the galleries packed to overflowing, -some five thousand interested spectators being present, -a sight not soon to be forgotten.</p> - -<p>“Again the V.C. showed the work of its second conference -of Wednesday night, the proceedings being opened by Brother -Sullivan, and Brother Dorney being unanimously elected temporary -presiding officer, the temporary secretaries being Brothers -Roach of Troy, Brown of St. Louis, Hines of Buffalo, and -Gleason of Cleveland. The appointment of the Committee on -Credentials, after the opening speeches, constituted the first -work on hand, and here again the perfect organisation of the -V.C. developed itself; and the first breeze created by the -Rossa-Dunne faction, who moved an amendment that each -society have a member upon the Committee on Credentials, was -promptly voted down. Rossa presented his credentials as a -member of the National Party of New York, but was admitted -only upon a press ticket.</p> - -<p>“The knowledge of a blood and thunder set of resolutions -being in the pocket of Major Horgan of New York, ready to be -fired, regardless of consequences, into the Convention, required -the passage of a resolution that, until permanent organisation -was effected, all resolutions offered should be referred to the -Committee on Resolutions without being read. A permanent -organisation was effected in the afternoon by the unanimous -election of Brother Foran of Cleveland as presiding officer. -The various committees being appointed, the Convention -adjourned till Friday morning, the result of the day’s work -summarised showing that there was nothing to warrant the fear -that the Rossa faction would develop any strength or discord;<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_215"></a>[215]</span> -that the V.C. were in the majority everywhere; that by every -action it was desired to follow out the instructions of Mr. -Parnell as cabled to the Convention on that day; and at least, -so far as the public policy was concerned, to drop all nitro-glycerine -methods of procedure, and to perfect the union of -the united societies of the country and Canada upon one -platform, for the purpose of sustaining Parnell and his policy -by acting and existing permanently as an auxiliary body, or -rather further, to the Irish National League.</p> - -<p>“One straw to show which way the wind blew was the -nomination in committee of P. A. Collins of Boston for -permanent chairman. His candidature was unitedly set down -with a will for his action in offering a reward of 5000 dollars -for the discovery of the killers of Burke and Cavendish last -year.</p> - -<p>“Friday morning found the Convention in session with the -various committees on Plan or Organisation, Platform, Resolutions, -and Permanent Organisation ready to report. After -some spirited speech-making by Fathers Boylan and Agnew, -and others, Dr. O’Reilly of Michigan submitted the report of -the Committee on Resolutions, in which was included the platform -of the National League of America. After reading, an -attempt was made by Finerty to adopt them <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">seriatim</i>, for the -purpose of getting inserted some more favourable to the -turbulent Rossa-Dunne faction. They were, however, adopted -as a whole....</p> - -<p>“The Committee on Organisation presented their report, -which was unanimously adopted.</p> - -<p>“It was then in order to elect officers for the ensuing year. -Alexander Sullivan nominated Dr. O’Reilly of Michigan as -treasurer. He was elected without opposition, Father Walsh -having declined, stating privately that he had to choose between -his parish and the treasurership; and that being the case, he -would have to decline.</p> - -<p>“The nomination for president resulted in the almost unanimous -choice of Brother Alexander Sullivan, who, after twice<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_216"></a>[216]</span> -diplomatically declining, finally was prevailed upon to accept. -The Executive Council of one from each State was elected, a -large majority of whom were members of the V.C.</p> - -<p>“Brother Hines of Buffalo was unanimously elected permanent -secretary. Various sums of money were subscribed -for the new league, principally by the ladies. Resolutions -were passed turning over the books, balances on hand, and -property of the old Land League to the new League.</p> - -<p>“Speeches expressive of God-speed and goodwill followed -by everybody, and the Convention adjourned to meet again -next year at the call of the Executive.</p> - -<p>“The Executive Council subsequently met and elected the -Council of Seven, five of which are members of the V.C.</p> - -<p>“To briefly summarise the results of the Convention, -we find the unification of all Irish societies pledged under -one leadership to follow the lines laid down by Parnell and -the party at home, not to lead but to follow them whence -they may go with all the energy, practical and financial support -possible—a proof to the world that the ten millions of Irish -nationality upon the continent can be represented in convention -by their 1200 delegates, and work harmoniously and -unitedly, and giving to those, and their number is legion, who -believe in force alone, the supreme satisfaction of knowing -that the machinery of the cause is now under the control and -direction of their comrades, who believe, as they do, that -dynamite, or any other species of warfare that can be devised -is perfectly legitimate, so long as it can be made effective, and -accomplish results permanent and tangible.</p> - -<hr class="tb"> - -<p>“Michael Boyton arrived upon the second day of the Convention -with two members of the Supreme Council, who, as it -will be readily understood, did not figure publicly upon this -occasion.”</p> -</div> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_217"></a>[217]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="XLIV">XLIV.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="noindent">It was shortly after this—I think somewhere about -the 29th of May—that I was fortunate enough -to learn from Sullivan some particulars as to what -was going on in connection with the Dynamite -Campaign. A demonstration had been arranged -at Milwaukie, Wisconsin, in honour of Patrick -Egan, and at Sullivan’s pressing invitation I -accompanied him in order to participate in it. -We travelled together and conversed almost all the -way, Sullivan, as was his wont, supplying me with -very interesting details. He told me that the management -of the secret warfare was entirely in the -hands of the Revolutionary Directory in America. -Men, it appeared, could not be obtained at home -to do the work, for from some lack of courage or -discipline they could not be relied upon.</p> - -<p>The rule adopted was that no volunteer should -be accepted. Special choice would be made of men -without families, and a special course of instruction -in the use of explosives would be necessary -after a man was chosen. So great was the care -taken in the selection of agents, that their whole -career and character would be inquired into -beforehand without their knowledge. No new -members would be chosen for the work, because<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_218"></a>[218]</span> -forty of the Royal Irish Constabulary had been sent -on full pay to America to join the organisation with -a view to selling it. Sullivan imparted the further -interesting information that Dr. Gallaher, when on -his mission, purposely abstained from coming in -contact with Irish members, and obtained introductions -to, and acquaintance with, English members. -He was often in the House, I was told, and had -been even introduced to Mr. Gladstone himself.</p> - -<p>Contrary to expectation and the requirements -of the existing constitution, no Clan-na-Gael Convention -took place in this year—1883. In the -ordinary course of events such an assembly should -have met in August 1883. For reasons best -known to themselves, however, Sullivan and his -colleagues on the executive of the secret organisation -postponed the gathering, and in the end, -by a system of manipulation which Sullivan -developed to a perfect science, in connection with -his management of Irish affairs, the approval of -the organisation was gained to certain changes -which included the putting off of the Convention -to the following year, 1884. To allow of these -changes being approved of, it was necessary to -hold a series of district Conventions, and delegates -were there elected to represent the districts -at the general Convention which would follow. -Sullivan’s adherents were generally in the majority<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_219"></a>[219]</span> -at such district assemblies, and so it was a -matter of ease for him to have supporters elected -at almost every gathering, which, in other words, -meant that the delegates then elected were -nothing more or less than ardent Sullivanites, who -in the future Convention would question nothing, -whereas ordinary delegates would undoubtedly -prove curious, if not embarrassing, in their search -for information as to the conduct of the affairs of -the Clan-na-Gael.</p> - -<p>All was not clear sailing, however, and murmurs -were heard in several quarters regarding this -attempt to burk discussion and inquiry as to the -work of the past two years. Several of the camps -eventually ceased their allegiance and were -immediately expelled, and the organisation split -up into two sections, the one being Sullivanite -and the other anti-Sullivanite. Devoy and his -whole camp were amongst those expelled from -the Sullivan wing. The seceders formed a new -organisation under the old name, and the -Sullivanites became known as the U.S. Sullivan -was still the strong man, and had the greatest -number of supporters; and, following my usual -rule, I acted with the majority and became a -U.S. man. At the start a change was made as -regards the number and title of the governing -body. Three members formed the executive,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_220"></a>[220]</span> -and they were now known as the Triangle—a -name taken from the △ sign which was used -by way of cypher signature on all documents -coming from head-quarters. The fight between -the two sections was now raging bitterly, and the -oath of the U.S. was so drawn as to exclude -members of any other Revolutionary body, thereby -denying the right of any person to be a member -of both organisations.</p> - -<p>Meantime, under the plea of imminent danger -of discovery, the books of the organisation were -all burnt, and no record whatever was left in -existence which would allow of investigation. -This had driven very many men to desperation, -and loud and sweeping were the charges which -the seceders made against the Triangle for misappropriation -of funds and other like matters. -None were more prominent in leading the attack -on Sullivan and his colleagues than Dr. Cronin, -whose murder has recently been the subject of -such lengthy investigation. Indeed, from this -point onwards, almost down to the end of 1888, -the history of the Clan-na-Gael is the history of -the dispute between Cronin and Sullivan. And -now, having purposely excluded all special mention -of Dr. Cronin from my story heretofore, in order -that I might the more fully and clearly deal with -the matter in a compact form, I shall proceed to<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_221"></a>[221]</span> -sketch the life and career in Irish-American -politics of this last victim of political assassination. -In explaining the situations in Irish affairs as -they affected or were affected by Dr. Cronin, I -shall have to travel rapidly over points already -dealt with; but I think it better to do this -than to improperly represent the ill-fated Cronin -by omitting from my reference to his career the -points which told in favour of himself or his -adversaries.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="XLV">XLV.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="noindent">Philip H. Cronin was born in Ireland, but when -very young emigrated to Canada. From thence -when a young man he went to St. Louis, Missouri, -where he studied medicine at the St. Louis -College of Physicians and Surgeons. Before -this he had been clerk in a chemist’s store, and -had thus acquired a very considerable practical -knowledge of medicine. He graduated with high -honours, and became eventually Professor of -Materia Medica and Therapeutics in the college. -He also attended a medical college from which -he secured the degree of M.A. Cronin was a -man of fine presence, good looking, almost six -feet in height, and very well formed. He was a -clever man in every way, and a good forcible<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_222"></a>[222]</span> -speaker, though in style aggressive and combative -to a degree. Very ambitious, like his future -enemy Alexander Sullivan, he was never happy -in a back seat, always thrusting himself forward -and fighting for the place of leader. In fact, -so pronounced were his ideas in favour of his -supremacy, that where he could not rule he was -quite prepared to ruin.</p> - -<p>He moved to Chicago in the latter part of -1881, and immediately entered upon the practice -of medicine, taking up his residence at 351 Clark -Street, at the corner of Oak Street. At this time -he was about thirty-two years of age, so that he -was only some forty years old at the time of his -murder. From the moment of his arrival in -Chicago, he went in enthusiastically for Irish -politics, and took a leading part in both Revolutionary -and Land League matters. He identified -himself with the Clan-na-Gael, and was prominent -at all gatherings of the Irish of every kind. He -was strong in social instincts, and was quite a -figure at social gatherings, where he used to great -advantage the fine tenor voice of which he was -possessed, singing national songs especially with -great spirit and enthusiasm. As a consequence -he rapidly came to the front in Chicago, and in six -months was better known than an ordinary resident -would have been in ten years. Towards the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_223"></a>[223]</span> -Land League movement he was especially sympathetic, -and he took a very large part indeed -in building it up. He was in a short time -elected President of the 18th Ward League, -then known as the “Banner League” of Chicago. -Equally active in the secret movement, he was a -guiding spirit of Camp No. 96 of the Clan in -Chicago, publicly known as the “Columbia -Literary Association,” and so great was his influence -that, on the appointment of the notorious -Frank Agneau to the position of district member, -Cronin succeeded him as Senior Guardian of the -camp. This was the camp which held its weekly -meetings in the well-known Turner Hall on the -north side of the city.</p> - -<p>It was at this time that the policy of dynamite -had been decided upon, and that the campaign -against English Government buildings and persons -was being inaugurated. Cronin (who was -anything but a saint in character) was an ardent -advocate of the policy; and, owing to his scientific -attainments, he was appointed as chief instructor -in the use and handling of explosives, acting -all this time, be it marked, as the President of -the Banner League (or Chicago branch of the -Land League) as well. In fact, he held the -position of President of the Land League branch -down to the year 1888. Cronin, unfortunately<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_224"></a>[224]</span> -for himself, succeeded at a very early stage in -falling foul of Alexander Sullivan. Living as -he did till 1887 at the corner of Clark and -Oak Streets, within a few doors of Sullivan -himself, he gained such an amount of prominence -that he was rapidly throwing Sullivan -into the shade. He threatened to become more -powerful than Sullivan, and this Sullivan, -equally ambitious and more unscrupulous, could -not brook. In a short time Sullivan and his -adherents came to detest the Doctor, and as -I found—for I lived within a stone’s throw of -each, knew them both intimately, and saw them -continuously—the relations between them were -becoming more strained and bitter every day.</p> - -<p>In June 1881, as I have related, Sullivan -obtained a victory over all his rivals by being -chosen President of the Clan-na-Gael, or Revolutionary -organisation, at the Dynamite Convention -held that year at the Palmer House, Chicago. -It was after this that Cronin gave the first -pronounced sign of his enmity in public. The -opportunity for its display was brought about -by the attack made by O’Meagher Condon upon -John Devoy, the principal of the three members -of the Revolutionary Directory, Devoy with his -colleagues being charged with responsibility for -the failure of the many schemes of active warfare<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_225"></a>[225]</span> -proposed by Condon. Devoy, evidently -jealous of Sullivan’s election, indulged in a good -deal of incrimination, not confining his attacks -to Condon alone, and he was afterwards supported -by Cronin, who was possessed of the same -grievance. The two joined forces, but without -any effect, for Sullivan’s position was assured. -From the dispute, however, which occurred at -this Convention, dates the commencement of undisguised -hostility between Sullivan and Cronin.</p> - -<p>Early in 1883, when the call was issued for -the Philadelphia Convention (at which was formed -the first branch of the American National League -as distinct from the Land League), a meeting of -Cronin’s branch of the League took place in -Chicago for the election of delegates to the Convention. -Sullivan and his friends, determining to -crush Cronin if they could, packed this meeting, -and had elected as delegates Alexander Sullivan -himself, his brother, and other personal adherents, -much to the disgust of Cronin and his supporters.</p> - -<p>Sullivan was equally successful later on when, -under the new constitution, the Executive -called district Conventions in lieu of the general -convention they had managed to postpone. -The Convention in Cronin’s district was held -in Millionaire Smythe’s Hall in Chicago—Smythe -being Senior Guardian of Camp 458;<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_226"></a>[226]</span> -Cronin, as Senior Guardian of his own camp, -attended in the capacity of delegate therefrom. -Mackay Lomasney, my old friend from Detroit, -also attended from his district in a like capacity. -Although an attempt was made to impeach Sullivan’s -action, it was not successful. His friends -were in the majority, and his conduct was upheld. -All attempts on the part of Cronin to bring -about a different state of things—and they were -not a few—were voted down, and Alexander -Sullivan, in company with Mackay Lomasney, -the London Bridge dynamitard, was elected -delegate to the Triangle Convention of 1884.</p> - -<p>Cronin, filled with fury, returned to his camp -and made a series of most sweeping charges -against the Triangle. In return charges were -preferred against him of being a traitor, liar, &c. -&c., Sullivan of course being the instigator. A -Trial Committee, of which I was one, was appointed, -and by it Cronin was promptly found -guilty and formally expelled. I voted, as I -always did, on the side of the winning party. -Cronin on his expulsion immediately joined the -ranks of the seceders, which by this time included -such well-known men as Devoy, Dillon, M‘Cahey, -and others, and he immediately obtained a seat -on the executive of the new body. And here, -for the moment, I must leave him.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_227"></a>[227]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="XLVI">XLVI.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="noindent">The next matter of public importance in which I -was interested was the Boston Convention of the -Irish National League of America, which took -place in the Fanieul Hall, Boston, on the 13th -and following days of August. Of course I went -in my dual capacity as League delegate and -Revolutionary official. The same plan of campaign -was practised with the same successful -results. The Rev. Dr. Betts was again to the -front as president of the secret caucuses, while -Egan, grown more bold by this, was a regular -attendant. When the nomination of officials of -the League came up, Sullivan was named for -re-election as president. He, however, declined, -and made way for Patrick Egan. Egan, after -some refusal on the ground that the British -Government probably knew of his connection -with the secret movement, and that his taking -office might compromise Mr. Parnell, eventually -agreed, and so he took the chair vacated by -Sullivan. This Convention was attended by -Mr. Thomas Sexton, M.P., and Mr. William -Redmond, M.P., on the part of the Parnellite -party, and by P. J. Tynan, the famous “No. 1” -of the Phœnix Park murders—shall I say on -behalf of the Invincibles? Sullivan undoubtedly<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_228"></a>[228]</span> -was the pet boy of the period, for he was the -object of the most adulatory references on the -part of Mr. Sexton. He was, we were told, a -man who did honour to the race from which he -had sprung; a man of whom any race might well -be proud—and so on. Egan, however, came -in for his fair share of attention too. He was, -according to another speaker, “that clean handed, -that patriotic, that heroic exile,” although, of -course, no reference was made to the reasons for -his exile as supplied by the Phœnix Park crimes.</p> - -<p>If, however, no reason was given in public for -his exile, Egan was not slow to refer to the -matter in private. I had journeyed in his company -to Boston, and had had a very exciting -chat with him, in which the question of his flight -had largely figured. His description of how -he was enabled to get away from Dublin was -most graphic. He started off by boasting how -he had got information from the Castle; and -to show how readily it could be obtained he -said that, within twenty minutes of the order -being issued for the warrant for his arrest, -he knew of the fact. He was at his office -at the time, and at once proceeded to his house -and packed his satchel. He had two children -sick then, and Dr. Kenny was attending them. -He destroyed a number of documents which he<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_229"></a>[229]</span> -had in the house, some of them pertaining to his -connection with the Irish Republican Brotherhood, -and also some letters of James Carey. In -fact he destroyed all papers tending to incriminate -him in case he was arrested. Fortunately -for him there happened to be in Dublin at -the time a Scotch friend in the Belfast flour -trade, who assisted him in getting away. He -gave this friend his rug and valise, and instructed -him to purchase a ticket for Belfast -at the Northern Terminus. He himself arrived -at the railway station one moment before the -train started, took his valise and rug from his -Scotch friend, slipped into the train, and that -night was in Belfast. On his arrival at Belfast -he found that he could not get out by boat, and -he went to an hotel, where he slept. In the -morning he purchased a return ticket to Leeds, -travelled with that as far as Manchester, and -then got off the train. There he purchased -another ticket from Manchester to Hull, took -the steamer from Hull to Rotterdam, and thus -got out of the country.</p> - -<p>From the account of his own escape, he passed -on to tell me how his fellow-official Brennan, the -Secretary of the Irish Land League, had got -away. Brennan, it appeared, gained the first -hint of his being implicated by reading the announcement<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_230"></a>[230]</span> -of Carey’s evidence on a news sheet -displayed on the pavement in the Strand. He -was accompanied by Mr. Thomas Sexton, M.P., -at the time, and on reading the announcement -they at once turned down a side street where -arrangements were made for Brennan’s flight. -Brennan started off for his lodgings in order to -pack a valise, while Mr. Sexton, going to Charing -Cross, purchased a ticket for Paris. On this -ticket he travelled to London Bridge, and there -by arrangement he met Brennan, who immediately -proceeded on the train to the French -capital. Egan was very generous in his confidences -on this occasion, and amongst other -things he told me that he was satisfied the new -Executive Body would continue the “active -work,” and it would be done by men who would -not go further than their orders, as Dr. Gallaher -had done. This was news to me, and I inquired -how. “Why,” replied Egan, “he (Dr. G.) got -in with some of Rossa’s men, and MacDermott -(a reputed informer) got it from them, and gave -him away.” Previously to this I had met Egan in -camp gatherings, and knew that he was now an -actual member of the American Revolutionary -organisation. It was, by-the-bye, at a camp -meeting in Philadelphia in this year that Egan, -addressing some sixty members, said, “I have<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_231"></a>[231]</span> -been reading up the records of the Italian banditti, -and from them I have come to believe in -this rule: Let us meet our enemies with smiling -faces, and with a warm grasp of the hand, having -daggers up our sleeves ready to stab them to the -heart.” Strange words these, and yet I thought -when I heard of their being uttered of the smiling -face and warm hand clasp which had puzzled me -not a little on that first night when I met the -speaker on the staircase of a Parisian hotel.</p> - -<p>The Convention of the secret organisation -followed immediately after that of the National -League, but as I was not a delegate I had no -intimate connection with it. It was at this Convention, -as I learnt subsequently from Sullivan, -that arrangements were made—few, if any, Anti-Sullivanites -were present—for the destruction of -the records of which I have already spoken, and -which gave rise to so much bitterness on the -part of the Cronin faction.</p> - -<p>The principal fact worthy of notice in connection -with the secret Convention of 1884 -was the acknowledgment by the “Triangle” of -118,000 dollars as the sum received and expended -for dynamite purposes from the date of the holding -of the Convention of 1881. No vouchers or -detailed statements were forthcoming, and their -absence was sought to be explained on the ground<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_232"></a>[232]</span> -that it was inexpedient to supply information in -view of the risk and exposure of brave men -engaged in the enterprises. No detailed statement -of the expenditure of this vast sum has ever -been made to this day.</p> - -<p>As one result of this unsatisfactory condition of -things, a circular was drawn up by Cronin and -his friends, making definite and formal charges -against the “Triangle” of stealing the funds of the -organisation. Cronin was very aggressive in giving -currency to these charges in the most offensive -language, and the feeling against him on the part of -Sullivan’s adherents became extremely embittered. -As it grew in intensity it spread to more than -Cronin, and soon the followers of both men were -ranged in hostile camps, fighting a wordy war of -the deadliest type. All attempts to heal the -breach proved fruitless, although much outside -influence of an important character was brought -to bear upon the different parties concerned.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="XLVII">XLVII.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="noindent">While the contest raged between the opposing -factions, I was up and doing, travelling about, and -gaining as much information as I possibly could. -I made many trips to various points of the country, -and so was enabled to gauge pretty accurately<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_233"></a>[233]</span> -the condition of public feeling and the probabilities -of the future. My pretexts for all this travelling -were admirably adapted to divert suspicion from my -real object. When a journey for my health’s sake -was not possible, I got appointed (through Irish -political influence) to a seat on the Mississippi -Valley Sanitary Commission; and when no more -work was to be done under this cover, I connected -myself with one of the largest pharmaceutical -houses in the States, and travelled as their -representative in whatever direction suited me. -So successful was I in combining business development -with my secret work, that I had great -difficulty in resigning this latter connection, the proprietors -strongly urging my continuance in it, and -only parting with me after many fruitless attempts -to change my decision. When at home I was of -course an ardent politician, and a volunteer on -every committee in the Democratic interest. So -prominent was I in local politics, that on one -occasion I ran for election for the House of -Representatives, only being defeated by a majority -of 128 votes on a poll of several thousands. It -was the cry of “The Fenian General” that lost me -the seat with the English voters.</p> - -<p>I was frequently in communication with Egan -through all this period, for he made many trips -to Chicago, both for business purposes—he had<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_234"></a>[234]</span> -now embarked in the grain trade—and with the -object of consulting with Alexander Sullivan, -whose worthy <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">fidus Achates</i> he proved. It was -as the result of one of my interviews with him -that I received the following passport to the -faithful, which proved of such service in the way -of corroboration when I appeared before the -Special Commission:—</p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp72" id="i_b234" style="max-width: 50em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i_b234.jpg" alt="(Passport)"> -</div> - -<div class="p1 transnote"> -<p>Transcriber’s Note: the following is a transcription of the handwritten -text of this letter.</p> - -<p>Irish National League of America<br> -OFFICES OF PRESIDENT AND SECRETARY</p> - -<p class="right">Lincoln, Neb., November 24 1885</p> - -<p>It affords me great pleasure to introduce -to all friends of the Irish National League -with whom he may come in contact during -his visit in the south my esteemed friend -Dr. H Le Caron of Chicago.</p> - -<p>Dr. Le Caron although French by name and -descent has ever proved himself one of the -most devoted friends of the Irish National cause -and since the formation of the Land and -National Leagues has been most indefatigable -in promoting the good of those organizations.</p> - -<p class="right">Patrick Egan    <br> -President</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_235"></a>[235]</span></p> - -<p>Alexander Sullivan meantime occupied himself -very busily in purely American politics, and for -the purpose of making his position in this regard -the more favourable, he caused it to be understood -that he had withdrawn from the Clan-na-Gael. -This, of course, was only a blind, for as -a matter of fact, for twelve months at least after -he had so announced his withdrawal, his name -continued to appear on circulars and documents. -This, however, is immaterial. What is important -to note is that Sullivan warmly advocated -the election of J. F. Blaine to the Presidency, and -that he in secret circles made much of the fact -that Blaine’s foreign policy would do all that the -Clan-na-Gael desired. Mr. Blaine paid a high -tribute in the public prints to the services -rendered him by Sullivan.</p> - -<p>The year 1886 saw the introduction of the -Home Rule Bill by Mr. Gladstone, and consequent -inactivity on the part of the American -conspirators. I therefore had rather an easy -time of it. Enthusiasm ran pretty high, because -it was thought that with Home Rule granted the -way to complete separation would be cleared in a -wondrous degree, and that at last we were in sight -of the point for which all had struggled and many -had bled, “the making of Ireland a nation once -again.” Mr. Parnell now appeared to have a<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_236"></a>[236]</span> -distinct claim upon Irish American indulgence, -and particular pains were taken to prevent anything -happening which might unfairly affect his -position in any way. So complaisant were “the -men beyond the sea” in America, that the open -Convention called for January 1886 was postponed -in order that Mr. Parnell might be -present. The gathering eventually took place -in the month of August 1886, but there was -no Mr. Parnell, his place being taken by -no less than four of the leading Parnellites -from the English side—Messrs. Michael Davitt, -John E. Redmond, M.P., John Deasy, M.P., -and William O’Brien, M.P. As usual, the whole -proceedings were governed by the Sullivanite -wing of the secret organisation. I was myself -a delegate, attended the secret caucuses presided -over by Patrick Egan, and assisted in -developing affairs in the interests of the conspirators.</p> - -<p>The fact that Devoy, Cronin, and others were -now in opposition was an element of danger in -connection with the satisfactory working of the -intrigue to “nobble” the open movement; but -by a system of proxy voting success was achieved, -and the adherents of the Croninites driven from -the field. The way in which this was accomplished -was remarkable, and very suggestive of<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_237"></a>[237]</span> -the position which Egan, the ex-Land League -official, and friend and adviser of Mr. Parnell, -held in the Revolutionary organisation. By a -circular issued by the “Triangle” on the eve of -the Convention, it was ordered that each Senior -Guardian should secure proxies for all branches -of the National League in his vicinity unable to -send delegates to the open Convention, and immediately -forward such proxies to Patrick Egan. -Here was a clear confession of the close connection -between the two movements—open and -secret—existing in the person of the present -United States minister to Chili, the then President -of the Irish National League of America.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="XLVIII">XLVIII.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="noindent">I have already touched at several points on the -Dynamite Campaign, and I will now pause in my -narrative for the purpose of dealing in some detail -with the incidents attending the development of -the plot to “blow up England.” Although there -had been several attempts made by O’Donovan -Rossa’s adherents to damage public buildings, -notably the Mansion House, London, the barracks -at Chester, the police-station and the Town Hall -at Liverpool in 1881 and 1882, the Dynamite<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_238"></a>[238]</span> -Campaign as organised by the Clan-na-Gael did -not really commence till the latter end of 1882, -or rather the beginning of 1883. Indeed the -attempts on the part of Rossa’s people were -simply gunpowder explosions, and had no connection -with dynamite at all. They were of a -very miserable character, and quite in keeping -with O’Donovan Rossa’s reputation in the States. -With him experience proved that it was always, as -the homely phrase has it, a case of “great cry -and little wool.”</p> - -<p>To Dr. Gallaher, our friend of the professional -appearance and gold-headed cane, was intrusted -the task of inaugurating the work undertaken by -the Revolutionary Directory of the Clan-na-Gael. -At the time he set out all was enthusiasm in the -ranks of the Clan, and great things were promised. -In one secret circular the F.C. (or -governing body) had informed the members -“that it had no delicacy or sentimentality about -how it would strike the enemy, or when or -where.... They meant war, they meant that -war to be unsparing and unceasing. They -meant it to be effective. Their policy would -be to make assaults in all directions, so that -the suffering, bitterness, and desolation which -followed active measures should be felt in every -place.”</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_239"></a>[239]</span></p> - -<p>Under the pretence of taking a voyage to -Europe for his health’s sake, Gallaher set out in -the steamship <i>Alaska</i> on the 15th October 1882, -reaching Liverpool in good time, and from thence -travelling to Glasgow, in order, as he explained, -to see some relatives. Glasgow, by the way, has -always had a prominent representative of the -British branch of the Fenians in residence there. -From Glasgow he came on to the London Wall -Hotel, and here he remained for a month spying -out the land and making the preliminary arrangements -for the work which was to follow. His -work finished, he took a trip to Dublin, where -at the Gresham Hotel he lived as befitted a -man of his position. From thence he proceeded -to Donegal to visit more “relatives.” From -Donegal he eventually made his way to Queenstown, -where in the <i>Bosnia</i> he took passage -for home on the 10th December, having, as -he subsequently reported, made all necessary -arrangements for commencing his branch of -the “active work.”</p> - -<p>He was with Sullivan in Chicago in the following -month, and here he and I met and had many -chats together. We were fellow-doctors, and we -“chummed” together in a fashion very agreeable -to me. He soon wearied me, however, for I -found he could talk of nothing but dynamite, its<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_240"></a>[240]</span> -production, its effectiveness, and the great weapon -it was soon to prove against the British Government. -He spent the next couple of months in -communication with the powers that were, and -placed them in full possession of all he had done -and all he hoped to do. They took an equally -sanguine view of the possibilities of success, and no -time was lost in enlisting the first dynamite band -which visited Europe. By the middle of March -there were eight men embarked on the dangerous -enterprise, Gallaher being the leader and paymaster; -and at this date the first of them set out -for England in the Cunarder <i>Parthia</i>. Every -precaution was taken to avert suspicion, and so -much care was exercised that some travelled as -steerage passengers, while the rest, like Gallaher, -journeyed in gentlemanly fashion. The band -was made up of Gallaher and his brother Bernard, -Dowd, Wilson, O’Connor, Curtin, Whitehead, -and Norman, all being Clan-na-Gael men, though -none save the doctor held any important position -in the organisation.</p> - -<p>The first arrivals of this precious assembly of -dynamitards reached Liverpool on the 27th of -March, and, of course, separated at once. Gallaher -went to the Charing Cross Hotel, which he made -his head-quarters. His men were quickly put to -work, and in a very short time a nitro-glycerine<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_241"></a>[241]</span> -factory was established in Birmingham, under the -superintendence of Whitehead. From here large -quantities of liquid were conveyed to some few -points in London in rubber bags and rubber -shooting-stockings. All the elaborate arrangements, -however, were destined to come to naught, -for before any “active” work could be done, -thanks to the vigilance of the police in London -and Birmingham, Gallaher and his associates -were arrested, and the whole of the nitro-glycerine -seized. The month of May 1883 saw the trial -and conviction of the leader and three of his -associates, Whitehead, Curtin, and Wilson, the -case for the Crown being completed by the testimony -of Norman, <em>alias</em> Lynch, who played the -<i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">rôle</i> which never lacks an exponent in the case -of an Irish conspiracy—that of informer. All -of the unfortunate prisoners were sentenced to -penal servitude for life. An interesting feature -in connection with Gallaher’s arrest was the -discovery on his person of no less a sum than -£1400.</p> - -<p>What the actual designs of this dynamite band -were, are not, and probably never will be known. -Quite sufficient for the public must be the fact -that so enormous was the quantity of nitro-glycerine -discovered that according to experts, -it was quite equal to the blowing up of every<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_242"></a>[242]</span> -house and street in London, from one end to the -other. Pleasant discovery this for the ordinary -British citizen who laughs at dynamite and pooh-poohs -the existence of any condition of things -calling for a more elaborate Secret Service. The -arrest and discomfiture of the Gallaher band had -one very useful result. It effectively put an end -to all idea of manufacturing dynamite on English -soil. Unfortunately, however, it did not put an -end to the Dynamite Campaign. It simply affected -the weapon, not those who were prepared to -employ it.</p> - -<p>The next group of dynamitards who visited -England included Cunningham, Burton, Mackay -Lomasney, Luke Dillon, and a man known as -Ryan of Philadelphia. These men did not all -come at the same time, but they worked together -in harmony so far as it was possible. During -their visit to London explosions occurred in -October 1883 on the Underground Railway; in -February 1884, at Victoria Station; in May 1884, -at Scotland Yard; in December 1884, at London -Bridge; and in January 1885, at the House -of Commons and the Tower. The dynamite -employed in these cases was all brought from -America, secreted about the persons of the conspirators, -and of women who were sent over -with it, as well as by an employé of one of the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_243"></a>[243]</span> -steamers of the National Steamship Line, who -belonged to the organisation. The explosive was -generally made up in slabs of Atlas powder, -obtained from, amongst other sources, the Atlas -Company and the Repauno Chemical Company -of Philadelphia.</p> - -<p>Of the second group, only two men were -brought to trial, Cunningham and Burton; and -these men, for the attempts on the House of -Commons and the Tower, were sentenced to -penal servitude for life. The remainder, with -the exception of Lomasney, escaped to America. -Lomasney, in company with a man supposed to -be named Fleming, met his fate under London -Bridge in his attempt to blow up that structure. -Luckily for the Londoners, the bridge escaped -without any injury, but Mackay and his companion -apparently came to their end by the discharge -of the explosive, for they were never seen -more.</p> - -<p>There were two other men whose part in the -Dynamite Campaign of this period deserves mention. -These were “Jack” Daly, as he was -called, and his confederate, J. F. Egan, who were -tried and sentenced at Warwick in 1884, the -former to imprisonment for life, and the latter -to penal servitude for twenty years. Daly was -perhaps the most daring and desperate criminal<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_244"></a>[244]</span> -of all, and his intended crime merits special -reference. This was the blowing up of the -House of Commons while in session, by the -throwing of bombs on to the table in front of -the Speaker. So ardent was Daly in planning -this foul enterprise that he twice gained admission -to the Strangers’ Gallery of the House. -When arrested, some of these bombs were found -upon him, and examination showed that one of -them, if used, would have been quite sufficient -to send every stick and stone, to say nothing of -the members of the House of Commons themselves, -heavenwards or thereabouts. Luckily, -this desperate man was arrested in time, for -assuredly his character was quite sufficient to -warrant the belief that he would have carried -out his intention.<a id="FNanchor_3" href="#Footnote_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a></p> - -<p>Of all the schemes indulged in by the dynamite -men, none seems to have been more far-fetched -than that of the theft of a certain stone from -within the walls of Westminster Abbey. This<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_245"></a>[245]</span> -was the famous “Stone of Scone,” which serves -as the seat of the Coronation-chair in the Abbey. -To an outsider the possession of such a stone -as this seems of no importance whatever. Yet, -ludicrous as it may appear, the idea of securing -it gave rise to great enthusiasm and led to a -very generous subscription with this object. -According to the originators of the scheme, this -“Stone of Destiny” was really the property of -Ireland for a thousand years before Christ, and -upon it were crowned the Irish kings, for hundreds -of years, on the sacred Hill of Tara. Its restoration -to the land of its original and only lawful -owners, it was contended, would inspire confidence -in the course then being pursued, and the people -would be strengthened by the well-known tradition -“that so long as this stone remained in -Ireland, so long would she remain a united -nation,” while its loss to the English would work -wonders. Elaborate preparations were made for -carrying out the scheme. Men were sent from -America to work in conjunction with certain -Fenians in London, and it was decided that some -of the conspirators should secrete themselves in -the Abbey, and at night seize the police, remove -the stone, and pass it out through a window to -others who would be in waiting outside to take it -to a place of safety. For months these men waited<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_246"></a>[246]</span> -and waited, but the opportunity never came, for -one of the group gave the whole thing away to -the police, and the detectives who surrounded the -sacred edifice made the seizure impossible. In -the end the three principals had to leave the -country for fear of arrest, and the whole affair -ended in smoke—as usual!</p> - -<p>The close of the year 1885 brought the announcement -of Mr. Gladstone’s conversion to -Home Rule, and the termination of the Dynamite -Campaign for the time being. How the -political situation was viewed at this period, can -best be represented by the following extracts -from a secret circular of the Clan-na-Gael, or -United Brotherhood, issued two days before -Christmas:—</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“The operations so far conducted have compelled the -enemy to recognise the Constitutional party, and we are now -in a fair way to reap the benefits and results of the heroic -work of the members of the U.S. (United Brotherhood).... -We expect to resume active operations after the present -exigencies of the Constitutional party are passed. We have -purposely and advisedly abstained from doing anything likely -to embarrass them during the crisis of the elections. It is to -be hoped that during these operations, members will abstain -from making inquiries or discussing the subject in any manner, -for we cannot say when we undertake to answer members, but -that at the same time we are answering the inquiries of our -enemy, furnishing important information, and giving important -clues to detect and suppress our work. The mystery of an -unknown power striking in the dark, always able to avoid<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_247"></a>[247]</span> -detection, is far more terrible than the damage inflicted. We -caution you, therefore, above all things, to be silent; but if -compelled to speak, disavow all knowledge, or better still, -mislead all inquirers. In the meantime, we wish to impress -on you the necessity of mutual forbearance and faith.”</p> -</div> - -<p>So, for the time, in deference to “the exigencies -of the Constitutional party,” the Dynamite -Campaign was brought to a close, leaving as its -record little or no damage to the enemy, but no -less than twenty-five of the unfortunate instruments -in prison, sixteen undergoing life sentences, -two, sentences of twenty years’ penal servitude, -and seven, sentences of seven years each. Of -course, some of these prisoners are not men from -the American side. In many cases those coming -from America picked up colleagues in England, -and, unfortunately for these latter, the knowledge -which the local police possessed proved disastrous -to them.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="XLIX">XLIX.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="noindent">The secret convention of the Revolutionary -organisation—or rather, of the principal section -which had remained faithful to Sullivan—met in -due course, in August 1886, but as I was not a -delegate, I had no personal knowledge of what -took place. The spirit of the time, however, was<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_248"></a>[248]</span> -very fairly reflected in some circulars, issued prior -to its assembly, from which I take the following -extracts:—</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“The indications all point to the conclusion that the measure -of Home Rule offered will be emasculated and pared -down in such a way as to make it unacceptable to those for -whom it is intended. We are now preparing for those contingencies, -and the estimates for the cost of making a rigorous -campaign with ‘delusion’ (dynamite) will absorb more funds -than are at present available from the prescribed percentage. -The Executive, therefore, in order to meet the great outlay -necessary at this crisis, take this occasion to request that, in -addition to the usual percentage, each camp at once, by a vote -of the camp, send on such additional funds as they may deem -proper.... It is suggested that in voting this fund it be -credited in forwarding it entirely to ‘delusion’ (dynamite). -In the meantime, in the next few months, important operations -are likely to take place; you are cautioned to use every -device to mislead those engaged in tracing our operations.”</p> -</div> - -<p>And again:—</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“We have some members who are opposed to the active -operations of the last few years, and who, therefore, favour a -more enlarged representation. It would seem to us that the -operations objected to are fully vindicated by the concessions -wrung thereby from England. However, we offer no suggestions -as to what line of policy you may see fit to pursue. It -will be the business of your Convention to frame that policy, -and the business of the Executive Body to execute them without -regard to individual opinions....</p> - -<p>“The silent secret warfare has been productive of results. -It would be well, therefore, to instruct your delegates as -to your wishes on those points fully and clearly. Having<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_249"></a>[249]</span> -instructed your delegates which of these policies you wish to -pursue, the details will not be difficult. It would be well, -therefore, to put your instructions to your delegates in one of -the following general terms, with such alterations as you deem -proper:—</p> - -<p>“Viz., ‘Our delegate is instructed to favour an active secret -policy, similar to recent operations;’ or, in the alternative of -favouring a return to open insurrectionary operations, as follows:—</p> - -<p>“Viz., ‘Our delegate is instructed to favour the planting of -ploughs (distribution of arms) and an open insurrectionary -movement.’</p> - -<p>“There can then be no insinuations of misrepresentation, -and whatever policy is adopted will have the overwhelming -support of the organisation at its back. It will be well, also, -to embody such changes as are desirable in the constitution in -your instructions. It is to be hoped that, in the short time -intervening between this and the Convention, you will fully, -wisely, and carefully consider the policy of the future, and the -character, intelligence, and experience of your delegates....</p> - -<p>“The active operations of the U.S. (United Brotherhood) -have brought about the probable granting of Home Rule. It -is desirable that delegates to the National Convention shall be -fully informed of your desire to follow up these operations on -the same lines, or whether you desire to fall back on the old -work of putting ploughs in. The latter course does not seem -to us fruitful of results or practical. The former policy has -been vindicated by great destruction with little loss to us. It -is for the Convention to decide, however, what the future -policy shall be.”</p> -</div> - -<p>From the official report of the secret Convention -which reached me subsequently, I learnt that -the votes in favour of dynamite had been in the -majority, for the policy of the late Executive had<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_250"></a>[250]</span> -been endorsed, and the new Executive given a -free hand for the future. What, however, was -perhaps the most important proceeding of all at -this Convention of the Revolutionists, was the -passing of the following resolution:—</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“Resolved:—That we maintain the same relations in the -future to open societies, working for the same purpose as ourselves, -that we have in the past.”</p> -</div> - -<p>If further proof were wanted beyond that already -given of the “understanding” which existed between -the open and secret organisations, it could -not be supplied in a more emphatic manner than -this.</p> - -<p>Although the Executive were given full power -to act as they thought best, it was apparently -considered undesirable to do anything during the -latter part of 1886, and so nothing of importance -came to pass up to the month of April 1887, when -I made another trip to Europe, without, however, -any letters or credentials on this occasion. My -visit was, nevertheless, not of an uneventful -character. I visited the House of Commons -more than once, and in the social intercourse -which took place between myself and some of the -Irish M.P.’s, learnt many facts of an interesting -character. It was during this visit that I set -myself to find out some particulars regarding<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_251"></a>[251]</span> -Dr. James G. Fox, M.P. I was rather curious -about this gentleman, who now failed to recognise -me in the House of Commons lobby, although -we had met on more than one occasion at Land -League Conventions in the States, where we had -been brother delegates. His associations, his -position as State Executive for the League in -New York, and his well-known National proclivities -as evinced during his fifteen years’ residence -at Troy and elsewhere in the States, all made -me anxious to know something of the man in his -new position of M.P., and of how his thoughts -now inclined.</p> - -<p>I learnt casually that he was in the habit of -frequenting Gatti’s Restaurant in the Adelaide -Gallery, Strand, and there I determined to renew -my acquaintance with him. The opportunity for -doing so was not long wanting, for on an early -day I found myself seated at the same table with -him, where he was deeply engaged in perusing -the <cite>Irish World</cite>. Making this fact an excuse for -opening a conversation with him, I asked, in an -interested way, if I could obtain copies of the -paper he was reading at any place in London. -I spoke with a marked American accent, and my -appearance did not belie the suggestion I wished -to convey as regards my nationality. He replied -that he thought not, explaining that he received<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_252"></a>[252]</span> -it regularly from the other side, asking me in -conclusion if I was interested in the publication. -I replied in the affirmative, and then followed his -query as to whether I was not from the United -States. To this I made answer by producing -my card, whereupon he looked intently at me as -he remarked, “Why, I ought to know you; I -have met you in conventions. My name is Fox.” -The information was rather unnecessary as far as -I was concerned, but, maintaining a quiet face, I -thought for a moment, and in the end confessed -to a recollection of him. We were soon on -familiar terms, and discussed American matters -with great freedom.</p> - -<p>There was one fact that I wanted particularly -to discover, and that was whether or not Fox -was a member of the Clan-na-Gael. I had had -no opportunity of learning this at the open -conventions at which we had previously met, -but yet my view very strongly inclined to the -belief that he was. In the course of our conversation, -therefore, I took occasion to give him -the “hailing sign,” but he did not return it, -merely remarking significantly that he was not -a member of any secret society, a remark which, -taken in connection with my sign, tickled me -not a little. I never ascertained the truth of -the matter, but I remembered the circumstance<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_253"></a>[253]</span> -when, in June 1888, at the Clan Convention in -Chicago, a burly delegate near me mounted his -chair, announced himself from Troy—where Fox -had lived—and in a loud voice demanded recognition -by the chair. On this being accorded him, -he said, holding up the <cite>Times</cite> pamphlet, “Behind -the Scenes in America,” that he held in his -hand a little book which had been sent to him -by a Member of Parliament who was a member -of his camp. This book was being sold by the -thousand at the price of one penny, and the information -it contained could only have been -supplied by a traitor high up in the ranks of -the organisation. He moved for a committee -to inquire into the matter. This committee -was appointed, but their inquiry ended in smoke, -the “traitor,” as I was termed, having another -narrow escape.</p> - -<p>While in England on this trip, the authorities -learned of the presence of General Millen in -Paris, and to Paris I was despatched, in order -to find out if possible what Millen was doing. -I found “<span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">le brave Général</span>” of the Clan-na-Gael -very comfortably settled in the <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Hôtel des Anglais</i> -in the Cour de la Reine, accompanied by his wife -and two interesting daughters. I called upon -him, representing that I had heard of his being -in Paris through the <cite>Herald</cite> office, and was<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_254"></a>[254]</span> -anxious as an old friend to say “how do you -do.” I did not, however, gain very much by -my visit, for the simple reason that at this time -Millen had not, as far as I believe, any close -connection with the dynamite business known as -the Jubilee Plot, with which his name was subsequently -associated. At this point his business in -Europe had to do with the bringing about of a reconciliation -between the British and the American -branches of the Revolutionary organisation.</p> - -<p>The fact was, that for two or three years -previously the relations between the two sections -of the conspirators had been of a very strained -character. Sullivan, finding that the home organisation -was not in favour of dynamite, when -the campaign was started, had argued that they -should not have any more money to spend on -organisation and arms, which, for all that was -known to the contrary, were simply rusting -away in Ireland; and, accordingly, supplies were -stopped, and the home Fenians were not notified -of the last couple of conventions, with the result -that no envoys from Great Britain and Ireland -attended. This led to a very bitter feeling in -Ireland, and the contention was strongly urged -that the conduct of the American Executive was -distinctly <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">ultra vires</i>. Now, when dissensions -raged in America, Sullivan, long-headed as usual,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_255"></a>[255]</span> -sought to strengthen his section by the allegiance -of the home organisation; and accordingly, -Millen was despatched to Europe to bring about -a more satisfactory condition of affairs. His -mission, in this regard at least, was unsuccessful.</p> - -<p>As for Millen’s connection with the Jubilee -explosion, I know very little. The whole undertaking -was shrouded in mystery, but it is -pretty certain that it was not a Clan-na-Gael -affair alone. The best description that could be -given of it would be that it was in its inception -a Rossa undertaking financed by the Clan-na-Gael. -For political reasons the secret organisation -could not openly ally themselves with -dynamite for the moment, because tactical considerations -dictated the giving of a free and -untrammelled hand to Mr. Parnell to hoodwink -Mr. Gladstone and his supporters. As, however, -the circulars I quoted a few pages back showed, -dynamite was not by any means thrust aside; -so, in order to keep a fair front to the open -movement, and yet a satisfactory stand in the -eyes of the fiery rank and file, Rossa was temporarily -taken into the good graces of the Executive, -and some of his adherents despatched with -funds from the secret organisation to kick up -a row in England. Millen, at the time I saw -him, was not in the plot, which at that moment<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_256"></a>[256]</span> -indeed had not been hatched; but on his return -to America he fell in with the scheme and returned -to Europe to work it out. His bungling, however, -led to his being superseded by John J. -Moroney, a tried and trusted friend of Alexander -Sullivan, who was despatched to London with -a large amount of money and distinct orders -to show some value for it. What happened is -a matter of too recent history to need recapitulation -here. The introduction of Moroney and -his colleagues to the House of Commons by -Mr. Joseph Nolan, M.P., and the facts associated -with the working of the conspiracy, are -of too late a date to be forgotten so soon.<a id="FNanchor_4" href="#Footnote_4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a></p> - -<p>I returned to the States in October, only to -remain a couple of months there, and to come -back again to Europe at the end of the year. -This time my visit was of a purely private character, -and the sluggishness of affairs allowed of -my having a complete rest from all sorts of investigations -and interviews. I came to Europe -in connection with a business speculation which -promised highly satisfactory returns, and I was -successful in laying the foundation for a very -encouraging enterprise. Unfortunately for me, -however, I was not to reap the fruits of my -work. As a consequence of my appearance<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_257"></a>[257]</span> -in the witness-box, I was prevented from returning -to the States at the time when the profits -were accruing, and so had to undergo the loss of -this as well as many other sources of income.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="L">L.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="noindent">The following year—1888—was my last in America, -and ere its close I left for the purpose of -attending the dying bedside of my father. I left -for England in December with the full purpose of -returning in a month, but as matters turned out I -really left my home for the last time. I had -written twice to Mr. Anderson, offering my services -in connection with the Special Commission, -but nothing had come of my proposal, and I had -no idea that anything would happen in connection -with the matter. My idea was, as I have -explained, that the Government were really prosecuting -the Parnellite party, and I could not -understand how all the information which I knew -them to be possessed of was not appearing. The -charges and allegations had made a great stir in -America, and the disclosure of the whole working -of the Clan-na-Gael in the “Behind the Scenes” -articles had created such a sensation as seemed to -me to make a full disclosure imperative, so that the -American public might have accurate and complete<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_258"></a>[258]</span> -data for arriving at a proper conclusion regarding -the foul conspiracy existing in their midst.</p> - -<p>I must not, however, travel too fast; and so -shall have to go back a little, in order to complete -the story of the Cronin-Sullivan dispute, which, in -a way, came to a conclusion in the year of which -I write. As I have already stated, the history of -the Cronin affair while it lasted was the history -of the Clan-na-Gael for the time being, and thus -in completing my statement of it I shall be bringing -the record of revolutionary matters down to the -date at which they and I parted. To return, therefore, -to the Cronin matter, which I left at the point -in 1886 where appeals from outside quarters failed -to heal the breach. As a last resort, a conference -was arranged in September 1887 between -committees from each organisation, the Sullivan -section and the Cronin section; and a final effort -was made to settle the differences. Cronin was -one of the committee from his section, but he did -not help the settlement. The conference continued -up to April 1888, when a basis of union -was arrived at. The rock upon which the disputants -invariably split was the demand made by -the Cronin section for the appointment of a committee -to try their charges of misappropriation -against the Executive, and the expulsion of the -Executive from the organisation if found guilty.<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_259"></a>[259]</span> -In the end, this was conceded; and a united -Convention was called in June 1888, which, meeting -first in Maddison Street Theatre, was eventually -moved to Green Baum, in consequence of -the allegation that British detectives had gained -admission to the former place of meeting.</p> - -<p>Here was pandemonium let loose for eight days, -during which the Convention sat morning, noon, -and night. I was a member of this assembly, -and I never heard such a row in my life. The -Sullivanites had it all their own way at first; but -the seceders, with Cronin at their head, threatened -to “bolt” if they did not get fair play; and they -appealed to the patriotism of their countrymen -to give them a chance. They were, accordingly, -given a representation on all committees, but -were always in a minority. Cronin perhaps -took as prominent a part in the Convention as -any man, and his conduct naturally incurred the -enmity, and eventually the vengeance, of his -opponents. He and Devoy submitted formal -charges of fraud, &c., against Sullivan’s executive.<a id="FNanchor_5" href="#Footnote_5" class="fnanchor">[5]</a> -Strong language was used, but Sullivan’s -friends defended him warmly. Finally a Trial<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_260"></a>[260]</span> -Committee was appointed to try the parties -charged. Cronin, strange to say, was a member -of this Trial Committee, though he was one of the -persons making the charges. There was a terrible -scene when his appointment was made known, but -the Convention had to put up with him in the end.</p> - -<p>All the Trial Committee were sworn by the -oath in the ritual to truly and justly try the charges -submitted to them. The committee consisted -of seven members, and as subsequent events -showed, four of them were Sullivan’s friends. -They met in November 1888. Previous to this, -however, Cronin had been playing a very objectionable -part. He spoke against the accused -whenever occasion offered, wrote to the papers<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_261"></a>[261]</span> -in accusation of them, and in no way showed -himself the unbiassed person he had sworn -himself to be. Sullivan naturally felt very bitter -over all this, and he fell out with a number of -friends who sided with Cronin in the claim for -full investigation. When the trial came on, it -was found that all the vouchers, papers, and -indeed every evidence of expenditure, had been -destroyed, in accordance with the resolution -which had been adopted at the Boston Convention. -This increased the uproar, and after two -weeks of inquiry the majority, consisting of -Sullivan’s friends, expressed themselves satisfied -with the statements made by the accused; while -the minority could only admit the proper expenditure -of 33,000 dollars, which left a deficiency of -85,000 dollars, or £17,000. The result of the -trial was that Michael Boland was convicted of -misappropriation; Sullivan was acquitted, but -censured for the loose way in which the Executive -had done its business, and D. C. Feeley was likewise -acquitted but censured. The details of this -finding were given me, by the way, by Sullivan.</p> - -<p>At the time I left for Europe, the Trial Committee -had adjourned, and Cronin was back in -Chicago. The Executive had refused to sustain -the action of the Trial Committee by a majority -of one, and there the affair stood. But Cronin<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_262"></a>[262]</span> -would not let well enough alone. He had been -talking very plainly, and denouncing Sullivan right -and left. I figured in this trial by furnishing Sullivan -with affidavits for his defence. Cronin afterwards -charged Sullivan with getting me admitted -into the organisation, and with putting me into a -position of trust. This did not help matters, and -altogether Cronin proved himself to be a very -dangerous man in the eyes of Sullivan. Doubtless -he possessed much information, the publication -of which would damn Sullivan for ever. What -followed is a matter of recent inquiry. Cronin -was foully murdered, and Sullivan, with others, -was charged with participation in the crime. -Sullivan was released, but three men, well-known -members of the Clan, were convicted, and sentenced -to penal servitude for life.<a id="FNanchor_6" href="#Footnote_6" class="fnanchor">[6]</a> The inquiry -was fruitful in many ways, and brought to light a -vast amount of corroboration of the most important -portions of my testimony. There were, -however, no two more sensational incidents -than those produced by the report issued by -Cronin after the Trial Committee had dissolved, -and the positive proof now supplied for the first -time of the statement frequently made, that Sullivan -had in May 1882 received in his position as -chief of the Clan-na-Gael a sum of £20,000 from<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_263"></a>[263]</span> -Patrick Egan, then Treasurer of the Land League -in Paris.</p> - -<p>The report issued by Cronin stated amongst -other things—</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“That the Trial Committee appointed at Chicago was unable -to elicit all the facts connected with the charges placed before -it, because of the refusal of several of the witnesses to answer -many of the questions asked, and because of the inability of -others to remember events and figures that might be supposed -to be indelibly impressed on their memories. From the -evidence presented, I am obliged to report—</p> - -<p>“That the family of one who lost his life in the service of -this order was scandalously and shamefully neglected, and -continued to be neglected for two years after their destitute -condition was known, and that Alexander Sullivan, Michael -Boland, and D. C. Feeley are responsible and censurable for -that neglect.</p> - -<hr class="tb"> - -<p>“That the defendants, Sullivan, Boland, and Feeley, issued -a deceptive report to the Boston Convention, leading the order -to believe that its affairs had been examined by independent -committees, and that the order was $13,000 in debt; that, in -fact, Alexander Sullivan and Michael Boland were on the -Committee of Foreign Affairs, and the Treasurer states that -there was a balance in the treasury, and not a debt.</p> - -<p>“That, prior to the Boston Convention, one hundred -and eleven thousand ($111,000) dollars was expended without -any direct or indirect benefit to the order, and most of it -in a manner that could not in any way have benefited the order, -and that the same three defendants are censurable and responsible -for this enormous and wasteful expenditure.</p> - -<hr class="tb"> - -<p>“That the $80,491 reported to the district Convention as -having been spent in active work was not spent for any such -work, no such work having been done or contemplated during -the eleven months within which this large amount was drawn<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_264"></a>[264]</span> -from the treasury. The active work done between the Boston -and district Conventions was paid for out of the surplus held -by the agent of the “Triangle” at the time of the Boston -Convention, and not out of the $87,491 drawn from the -treasury months after such active work had ceased.”</p> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i_b264" style="max-width: 50em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i_b264.jpg" alt="(Check for $30,000)"> -</div> - -<p>I give these extracts in order to show the -reader how matters stood between Sullivan and -Cronin on the eve of the latter’s murder. Into -the details of the £20,000 transaction I need not -enter, beyond stating the fact that banking officials -were called to prove by their books that on May -15, 1882, Sullivan cashed, through Monroe and -Co. of Paris, two cheques amounting to the sum -I name. This, I may state, was about the date -when Sullivan, in response to Mr. Parnell’s request, -crossed to Paris in order to settle the difficulty -with the Revolutionary body on the British -side. As the following extracts will show, the -matter had been one around which a great deal -of controversy had raged for many years:—</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_265"></a>[265]</span></p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“The O’Donovan Rossa resents Mr. Patrick Egan’s imputation -against his character for truth and veracity. The -O’Donovan, when in this city a few days ago, intimated to a -<cite>Chicago Tribune</cite> reporter that Mr. Patrick Egan, while Parnell, -Dillon, Davitt, and other members of the Executive of the -Land League were in jail in Ireland, was visited in Paris by -Revolutionary Irish patriots from this country, who induced him -to give 100,000 dollars of the money contributed to Land -League purposes to them for revolutionary purposes, <em>i.e.</em> -making war on the British Empire with dynamite and such -things. Mr. Egan having seen or heard of O’Donovan’s statement, -denied that there was a particle of truth in it, and sent -the <cite>Tribune</cite> a telegram to that effect from Denver. Now -comes O’Donovan with a rejoinder. We have received from -him the following telegram:—</p> - -<div class="pad2"> - -<p class="p1 center">“‘<em>Editor of the “Tribune.”</em></p> - -<p>“‘Mr. Patrick Egan denies my statement. I say my statements -are more worthy of belief than Patrick Egan’s. I stated -in Chicago that money sent from America to support the -no-rent movement in Ireland was followed over by some -parties who got 100,000 dollars of it; that it was not used for -any such work in Ireland, and that Patrick Egan knows all -about it. I repeat my assertion. Will Patrick Egan meet me -in the presence of John Finerty and Denis O’Connor of -Chicago, or in the presence of Patrick Ford and Major -Horgan of New York, both answering all questions under -oath?</p> - -<p class="right"> -<span class="smcap padr2">“‘O’Donovan Rossa</span>,<br> -“‘<em>Editor</em> “<cite>United Irishman</cite>.”<br> -</p> - -<p class="noindent">“‘<span class="smcap">New York</span>, <em>July 15, 1883</em>.’”</p> -</div> -</div> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="LII"><ins class="corr" id="tn-265" title="Transcriber’s Note—There was no 'LI' section in the original text"> -LII</ins>.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="noindent">Long before these final developments, however, -I had sailed for England, and severed for all time<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_266"></a>[266]</span> -my connection with Irish politics in the United -States. I had come, as explained, to my father’s -dying bedside. Unfortunately for me, I was not -in time to find him conscious, and did not reach -the house where he lay till the day on which he -died. When the sad offices connected with his -death had been fulfilled, I turned my thoughts -again to home, and set about preparing for another -voyage to the States. Everything had been -completed for my departure, when I suddenly -learned from Mr. Anderson that the <cite>Times</cite> had -approached him with a view of obtaining a witness -regarding the American side of the conspiracy. -Before this point was reached, I had chatted -over my proposal of going into the witness-box -with Mr. Anderson, but he had very frankly told -me that he had no intention of giving up such a -useful informant of his own initiative; and as he -had no connection with the <cite>Times</cite> case, he did -not think it likely that any approach would be -made to him on the subject.</p> - -<p>Matters, however, turned out differently to -what he expected, and on the eve of my departure -for America I learned that my services might, -after all, be utilised, and my desire to drive the -truth home given full play. To be effective, -however, my coming appearance should be kept -a profound secret, and so I appealed to Mr.<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_267"></a>[267]</span> -Anderson to make such arrangements as would -allow of this being the case. As a result, I was -informed a little later that the <cite>Times</cite> people had -arranged that Mr. Houston should be the person -with whom I should deal, and that to him alone -should I be known pending my appearance in the -witness-box. This was the first mention I had -ever heard of Mr. Houston, and it was with no little -curiosity I made my way to No. 3 Cork Street in -search of the gentleman to whom I bore a single -line of introduction. I remember well how, when -I was first ushered into his now familiar room by -his faithful “Rogers,” I gazed suspiciously at the -tall youthful figure which met my view. As Mr. -Houston took my letter of introduction from me -and carelessly opened it, answering my suspicious -glance with a slight smile hovering about his face, -I could not help the remark, “Sir, you are a -much younger man than I was led to believe I -would meet.” The smile broadened into a laugh -as the reply came back, “I am sorry, but I cannot -help being young, you know. However, I -am Mr. Houston.” And so we two people met -for the first time.</p> - -<p>I informed Mr. Houston that it was always an -understood thing on my part that my letters to -Mr. Anderson were private property, and that -whenever I liked to ask for them they would be at<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_268"></a>[268]</span> -my disposal. Accordingly I had, on learning that -my evidence would be accepted, requested that -Mr. Anderson should allow me to go over all my -documents and select such as appeared necessary -for the corroboration of my statements, as well as -for the assisting of my memory. To this he had -assented, excluding any of the papers which he -had made official by passing them on at the time of -their receipt. It was then arranged between Mr. -Houston and myself that I should get the documents -from Mr. Anderson, and go to work at -once in the preparation of my evidence. Much -to my disappointment, I learnt there was not time -for me to make a last hurried trip home, and that -if I was to carry out my intention of testifying I -should have to be content with the many losses -which would result from my stopping in England. -One thing, however, I stipulated for, and that was -the bringing over of all my family to England -before I appeared in the box. I was willing to -let all my private affairs go to ruin by my non-return; -but I was not prepared to leave my wife -and family to bear the brunt of the popular ill-will -which would result from what was to follow.</p> - -<p>One of the first things I did, therefore, was to -cable for my wife and children; and having eased -my mind on this score, I went to work with a will -in the preparation of my evidence. For ten long<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_269"></a>[269]</span> -working days, Mr. Houston and I waded through -the hundreds of letters and Clan-na-Gael documents -I had now at my disposal, he taking notes -as he went along, and I dictating many items -brought to my recollection by the letters I was -perusing. We worked in this way from ten to six -o’clock each day, undisturbed by visitors of any -kind; and when I left him, Mr. Houston, with -the assistance of his clerks, worked far into the -night, copying the circulars, and transcribing the -notes which remained at the end of our day’s work.</p> - -<p>On Tuesday morning, the 5th of February 1889, -the curtain was rung up, and throwing aside the -mask for ever, I stepped into the witness-box and -came out in my true colours, as an Englishman, -proud of his country, and in no sense ashamed of -his record in her service. On what followed I need -not dwell. While I was under examination, my -old employer, Mr. William Baber of Colchester, -was brought into court by the well-known detective -Meiklejohn, in order that he might identify -me. Nothing, of course, came of the incident; -but as I once more saw Mr. Baber, I thought to -myself how little he knew of the part I had -played at his father’s death-bed. It was in 1884 -that I was hurriedly called one day to see a -patient who was said to be dying. I found him -an old man of eighty, surrounded by his family<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_270"></a>[270]</span> -and friends. In a few minutes he was dead; and -finding that all round about me were strangers -to the grim monster, I performed the last offices -for the body. As I was so employed, the poor -people related to me their history, and then I -learned to my surprise that the man whose eyes -I was now closing in death was none other than -the father of my former employer at Colchester, -who had emigrated to America some few years -previously.</p> - -<p>Great as was the sensation produced by my -strange and weird but true story, it was as -nothing compared to that brought about by the -perfect corroboration afforded by the assassination -of poor Cronin, of whom I have said so much. -Little did I think, when day after day I stood -in the witness-box to tell my tale, and morning -after morning read the scoffing references of -those who believed it not, that in a little while -the blood of a murdered Gael would cry out in -judgment against those of whom I spoke, and -that in the outcome truth would prevail, and -the black foul conspiracy be dragged into the -open light. Yet so it was; and to-day there -are none who question the existence of the -murderous alliance to which I testified, and of -men within its ranks prepared to obey its leaders, -even unto the shedding of blood.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_271"></a>[271]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="LIII">LIII.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="noindent">I have told my story, and little more remains to -be done. Yet I cannot lay down my pen without -rendering some little tribute to one whose care -and caution on my behalf I can never repay. -I refer to Mr. Anderson. For twenty-one years -I served under this gentleman in the Secret -Service, and no greater honour can I pay him -than to say that during all this time I was never -discovered. Only those who have played my -part can fully appreciate what this means. Not -always careful, not always guarded enough in -the rattle and bustle of my life, there were times -when, had it not been for my chief’s watchfulness, -discovery might have overtaken me. But he -never wavered or grew lax in his care. He -proved indeed to me, not the ordinary official -superior, but a kind trusty friend and adviser, -ever watchful in my interests, ever sympathising -with my dangers and difficulties. To him, and -to him alone, was I known as a Secret Service -agent during the whole of the twenty-one years -of which I speak. Therein lay the secret of -my safety. If others less worthy of the trust -than he had been charged with the knowledge -of my identity, then I fear I should not be here<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_272"></a>[272]</span> -to-day on English soil quietly penning these -lines.</p> - -<p>If my identity remained undiscovered, it was -not for want of attempts on the part of colleagues -of Mr. Anderson to find it out. It -was but natural, of course, that those associated -with my chief should seek to penetrate his reserve -regarding such a voluminous correspondent -as myself, and to gain, at first hand, possession -of the many important pieces of information -which he alone appeared to be able to supply. -All attempts, however, in this direction, and -they were many, proved fruitless. So determined -was a certain public official at one time -to discover my identity, that having in some -way got hold of my Christian name, Thomas—I -always wrote in the name of Beach to -Mr. Anderson—and assuming it to be my surname, -he despatched a detective to Chicago to -discover the man called Thomas in the organisation -there. Of course there was no chance -of getting at me in this way, but, nevertheless, -I was warned in time, and left no possible -loophole for discovery. Imagine, dear reader, -the weakness of such a policy as this, which -would commit the safety of an important informant -to the irresponsible knowledge of an -ordinary detective!</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_273"></a>[273]</span></p> - -<p>When this attempt failed, communications -were sought to be opened up with me by the -same official through Sir John Rose and Judge -M‘Micken, with whom I had acted at the time -of the Fenian raid of 1870. So strong, indeed, -was the pressure brought upon Judge M‘Micken, -that the old gentleman travelled specially to -Chicago to see me on the point. However, -I would have none of it. I was quite contented, -and too well assured of my safety as -I was; and so, much to my own satisfaction, I -was left undisturbed in Mr. Anderson’s charge.</p> - -<p>There was only one thing about which he -had frequently to remonstrate with me, and -that was my expenditure. Many a lecture did -I receive from him on the subject of money -spending. It was not, of course, his fault, but -rather that of the system. Indeed, so kind -and friendly was he that he at times advanced -me money for which he himself had to wait -for repayment for some time, if indeed he ever -got all of it back, which I very much doubt. -Of course I could not help spending the money. -I tried to be as sparing as possible, and, whenever -I could, debited my expenses to those -other undertakings which I allied with my -Secret Service work. But it was not always -possible to pursue such an economic course,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_274"></a>[274]</span> -and in very many instances where Mr. Anderson -could not pay, I had to pay myself. I -occupied a certain position; I had to live up -to that position. The expenditure of money -amongst the Irish patriotic class was an absolute -necessity for my purpose, and consequently -I could never put any money by, but rather -lived up to, if not, indeed, at times beyond -every penny of my income.</p> - -<p>On this question of Secret Service money I -could say much. The miserable pittance doled -out for the purpose of fighting such an enemy -as the Clan-na-Gael becomes perfectly ludicrous -in the light of such facts as I have quoted in -connection with the monetary side of the Dynamite -Campaign. Gallaher, as I have said, had -no less than £1400 on his person when arrested -in 1883; while, coming down to a later date, -Moroney, when despatched from New York in -1887, in connection with the second stage of the -Jubilee explosion plot, carried with him some -£1200. How on earth can the English police -and their assistants in the Secret Service hope to -grapple with such heavily financed plots as this, -on the miserable sums granted by Parliament for -the purpose? There are, I believe, some thirty -men charged with the special duty of circumventing -political crime in London. All praise<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_275"></a>[275]</span> -and honour to them for the work they have done, -and the sincerest of congratulations to Chief-Inspector -Littlechild, who so ably conducted the -arrests of all the principals of the latter-day dynamite -plots. But these policemen have succeeded -more by chance than anything else; events have -played into their hands, and, clever men that they -are, they have been sufficiently capable to take advantage -of the little that came to their knowledge, -and from small clues to work out great things.</p> - -<p>Some day, however, a big thing will happen, -about which there will be no leakage beforehand, -and then the affrighted and indignant British -citizen will turn on his faithful band of thirty and -rant and rave at them for their want of capacity -and performance. The fault will be the want -of a perfect system of Secret Service, properly -financed. If plots are to be discovered in time—and -already there are some whisperings of -coming danger—they can only be discovered -through information coming from those associated -with them. As I have shown, the men engaged -in them are very highly paid. If it is to be -made worth their while to speak, then the price -offered by the British Government must be higher -than that of the other paymasters. There is no -use in thinking that mere tools like Callan and -Harkins—the men now in prison in connection<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_276"></a>[276]</span> -with the Jubilee Explosion Plot—would be of any -service. These men know nothing. It is the -Millens and the Moroneys of the conspiracy who -should be in Government pay, and they have no -mean price. Imagine offering either of these -men a retainer of £20 a month with a very odd -cheque for expenses thrown in! The idea is -ridiculous. I have heard it urged that the -thought of Secret Service is repugnant to the -British heart, wherein are instilled the purest -principles of freedom. The argument has -sounded strange in my ears when I remembered -that London, as somebody has said, is the cesspool -of Europe, the shelter of the worst ruffians -of every country and clime. America is called -the Land of the Free, but she could give England -points in the working of the Secret Service, for -there there is no stinting of men or money.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="LIV">LIV.</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="noindent">This, then, is my story; and in it must be found -the justification, if such be needed, for the part -I have played. I have no apology to make for -my twenty and odd years’ work in the Secret -Service. I took up that work from a conscientious -motive, and in a conscientious spirit I<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_277"></a>[277]</span> -pursued it to the end. I have in no sense been -an informer, as the phrase is understood. I allied -myself with Fenianism in order to defeat it; I -never turned from feelings of greed or gain on -the men with whom I at first worked in sympathy. -I never had any sympathy with Irish -Revolutionists. Quite the opposite. Nor have -I been an <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">agent provocateur</i>. Although I always -voted for politic reasons on the side of the majority, -even to the joining in the vote which meant -dynamite, on no single occasion was I instrumental -in bringing an individual to the commission -of crime. True, I had to take many oaths. -But what of that? By the taking of them I have -saved many lives. Which counts the weightiest -in the balance of life? And who is it that sneers -at me for my conduct in this regard? An honest -man’s criticism I can accept; but for the judgment -of these double-oathed gentlemen who, -having first taken the Fenian oath, then rushed -to Westminster to swear allegiance to the Crown -and Constitution they had aforetime sworn to -destroy, I have nothing but contempt and derision. -Away with such rubbish and cant as they -indulge in to the regions where common-sense -finds no place.</p> - -<p>I said I have saved lives by my action as a -Government agent. I hope I shall have done<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_278"></a>[278]</span> -more by my appearance in the witness-box. To -me no more satisfactory result could attend my -disclosures than the realisation by the poor deluded -Irish in the States of the way in which they have -been tricked and humbugged in the past years. -For these poor weak people, animated by the -purest, if the most mistaken of patriotic motives, -who give their little all in the hope and trust that -the day will come in their lives when Ireland will -be a land flowing with milk and honey, I have -the deepest and the most sincere sympathy. To -know these people, to come into contact with -them, and to discuss with them the eternal subject -of Irish nationality, is to respect their honesty -of purpose, no matter how much we feel called -upon to condemn their methods of procedure. -But, for the blatant loud-voiced agitator, always -bellowing forth his patriotic principles, while -secretly filling his pockets with the bribe or the -consequences of his theft, there can be no other -feeling but that of undisguised loathing.</p> - -<p>I speak of what I know from personal experience, -when I say there is no greater fraud in this -nineteenth century of ours than the modern Irish -patriotic agitator in America. Gold is his god, -his patriotic principles—save the mark!—his breviary -and his beads, holding aloft which he stands -at the corner of the market-place so that he may<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_279"></a>[279]</span> -be seen of all men, and paid tribute to by some. -By jobbery, trickery, treachery, and delusion of -the meanest and most despicable type he works -his way along, rising higher and higher in the -ranks of his fellow-conspirators, till at last, in the -position of responsibility and power, he sells the -votes he can command, and pockets the funds -over which he has control. Brave and blustering -in speech, he advocates, in the safety of his -American city, three thousand miles from the -seat of danger, the most desperate of enterprises; -and without the slightest pang of compunction -or twinge of conscience he rushes his poor dupes -across the water to their fate on the scaffold or -the living death of penal servitude; while his lips -unctuously mumble of the righteousness of their -beloved cause, and his whisky-laden breath blasphemously -calls for the blessings of Heaven upon -the foul enterprise.</p> - -<p>It has been in fighting such scoundrels as these -that I have spent the last quarter of a century. -From them I would fain deliver their poor dupes -ere I completely efface myself from Irish affairs. -I have no stronger, no sincerer wish than to see -an end put once for all to the delusion which is -practised upon thousands of poor Irishmen throughout -the States by the men of whom I have written. -With the rank and file it has assuredly been a case<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_280"></a>[280]</span> -of “theirs not to reason why, theirs but to do -and die.” I hope it may not be so in the future. -I trust that what I have penned, and what the sad -murder of Cronin has writ large upon the page -of history, may not be without its effect; and that -to-day men may pause ere they continue in such -a way as I have pictured, the mere tools of an -unscrupulous faction, the miserable dupes of a -reckless and improvident executive. Gallahers, -Dalys, and Mackay Lomasneys there always -will be—men inspired with fanatical hatred of -all things English, and ready at all times to risk -freedom and life in working out their designs; -but, apart from them, there are thousands whose -criminality reaches no further point than the -paying of those subscriptions so frequently and -so persistently demanded.</p> - -<p>With such men I hope these words of mine -will have weight; and if, awakening to a true -sense of their situation, and realising that their -combination and support help not Ireland but -Ireland’s professional mendicants, they turn to a -better path, and a clearer and more honest view -of Irish matters as they really are, then shall I -feel that I have not struggled or written in vain.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_281"></a>[281]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="APPENDIX">APPENDIX.</h2> -</div> - -<h3 id="Iapp">I.<br> - -THE STORY OF THE JUBILEE PLOT.</h3> - - - <div class="fs80"> - -<p class="noindent">Fully two months before the celebration of the Queen’s -Jubilee in London, reliable intelligence reached the Scotland -Yard authorities that a gang of skilful and unscrupulous conspirators -in America were devising a plan for carrying out acts -of murder and destruction in London. The names of the -principal persons engaged for this purpose were known to the -police, and the individuals were closely watched even during -their voyage across the Atlantic. The headquarters of the -organisation were established in Paris, and both there and in -Boulogne their movements were under strict observation. -The direction of the conspiracy rested with General Millen, a -well-known Fenian agent, who, finding the police espionage -unbearable, had latterly kept out of England. Had he -returned, he would have been immediately arrested. Last -Saturday he left Amsterdam for New York, being watched by -English detectives down to the time of the vessel sailing. -After the Jubilee celebration, some of the gang crossed the -Channel and came to London, their plans previous to the -Jubilee celebration having been disconcerted. The most -prominent of the arrivals in London was the man Melville, -said to be the shrewdest of the whole gang. The police do -not believe that those conspirators were in communication -with O’Donovan Rossa, or acting with his cognisance. Cohen’s -presence in London was known to the police some time prior to<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_282"></a>[282]</span> -his death. There was only one of the gang of whose presence -they were not aware. Strangely enough, the police were on -their way to arrest the deceased [Cohen] at the moment of his -death, and had they been twenty minutes earlier they would -have captured the unknown individual who left the death -chamber just previously.</p> - -<p>The man Melville came to London as an agent of Millen, and -took modest lodgings in Gladstone Street, but at the time was -deficient in funds. The police, however, watched him closely, -and found that on two occasions he called on Mr. Joseph Nolan, -M.P., at the House of Commons. He had for his companion -the man Harkins, and both of them were seen in company -with the dead man Cohen, upon whom an inquest was held -yesterday [26th October 1887]. The police suspicions of -Melville’s business were confirmed. His assertion, that he -represented Mr. Philips, of Philadelphia, proved entirely false. -Afterwards Melville went to Paris, and there met a man named -Dennehy, who, with a man named Maloney, sailed for America -on August 17. Dennehy is a member of the Clan-na-Gael, -and his address is known to the police. Melville then -returned to London and stayed at the Hotel Métropole with a -Miss Kennedy, of 53 Charles Street, Boston, with whom he -travelled through Ireland, and afterwards to Paris, where he -called upon General Millen at the Hôtel du Palais, and was -also seen in a cab with a man remarkably like the deceased -man Cohen, who was absent from his lodgings about five -weeks ago. He sailed for America from Havre on September -17, and on reaching New York, his companion, Miss -Kennedy, was arrested for smuggling a large quantity of -valuable goods. Melville’s hurried departure upset the plans -of the Clan-na-Gael, and closely following this Cohen died. -Harkins admitted yesterday that he called at the House of -Commons with Melville, and that he had written for money to -Burchall. Melville’s address in America is known to the -police—viz., Mr. J. J. Moroney, 925 Tenth Avenue, New -York.—<cite>Daily Press</cite>, 28th October 1887.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_283"></a>[283]</span></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Thomas Callan</span>, 46, labourer, and Michael Harkins, 30, -grocer, were placed upon their trial at the Central Criminal -Court, London, on February 1, 1888, upon an indictment of -various counts, charging them with maliciously conspiring with -Joseph Melville and Joseph Cohen, and other persons, to -cause, by an explosive substance, an explosion in the United -Kingdom of a nature likely to endanger life, and to cause -serious injury to property, and with having in their possession -and under their control an explosive substance with intent by -means thereof to endanger life and cause serious injury to property -within the United Kingdom, and with having in their -possession and under their control an explosive substance in -such circumstances as to give rise to a reasonable suspicion -that they did not have it in their possession and under their -control for a lawful object.</p> - -<p>The prisoners were found guilty, and each sentenced to -fifteen years’ penal servitude.</p> - -<hr class="tb"> - -<p>The <span class="smcap">Select Committee</span> appointed to consider the regulations -applicable to the admission of strangers to the <span class="smcap">House -of Commons</span> met again on Thursday, the 19th inst., Viscount -<span class="smcap">Ebrington</span> presiding.</p> - -<p>Mr. <span class="smcap">James Monro</span>, Assistant Commissioner of the Metropolitan -Police, examined by the Chairman, said:—Melville’s -real name is Moroney, of Philadelphia, New York, and a -member of the Clan-na-Gael. He was sent over here in pursuance -of instructions, and for the purpose of committing an -outrage in the Jubilee week. He came over with Callan and -Harkins in the steamer <i>City of Chester</i>. They did not arrive -in England until June 21. They had missed the previous -steamer, all the berths being engaged, and they did not arrive -until the Monday. They came at once here, only to find that -General F. F. Millen had been rendered powerless by the -operations of the police. Melville was the man who was chief -in giving them dynamite, in enabling them to get it in here.<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_284"></a>[284]</span> -and in giving them instructions how to dispose of it. The -dynamite was brought over by other persons to Melville—two -men, and also a person of the name of Callan, and another -man, I believe. The other man we have not been able to get -hold of. But Melville and this fifth man arrived on May 15; -so that when Melville and his associates came on June 5, Callan -was here to meet them.</p> - -<p>The House of Commons was one point in these dynamite -operations. One of these men was sent down on two occasions -to Windsor Castle to “prospect” the State apartments, -taking with him a watch for the purpose of finding out how -long it would take him to effect his purpose and get away. -On both occasions the State apartments were closed. He did -not go back again, because I suppose he thought he would be -identified. General Millen was a man known twenty years ago in -Fenian matters. He was connected with the Fenians in 1867. -He was what was called a military member of the Clan-na-Gael, -and he was sent over to this country on a secret mission in -1879. He reported his progress to his associates under the -name of Robinson.</p> - -<p>He was in communication with Melville. That is to say, he -met Melville on one occasion in Paris, not in this country. -He met Melville in Paris in September 1887. Melville was -sent over. He left in April and arrived in France about the -end of April. He was in England before that. He left this -country in January 1887, and went to America. He left -America and arrived in this country in April. I forget the -exact date.</p> - -<p>General Millen had no home in England, but he had relatives—his -daughters, living in London for a certain time. On -August 4, Melville and Harkins came to the House of -Commons, and sent up their cards, or rather, Mr. Melville -sent up his card to Mr. Joseph Nolan. Mr. Nolan came out to -them and saw them in the central lobby. After a little conversation -they went away. On the 5th of August the visit was repeated -by the same two men. They sent up their card to Mr.<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_285"></a>[285]</span> -Joseph Nolan. Mr. Nolan came out and disappeared with them; -by that I mean the police did not follow them. He took them, -it is believed, to the gallery. Now it is known that he did so, as -the entry in the Strangers’ Gallery book shows. They were -not seen to leave that night by the ordinary entrance. They -were for some time on the terrace.</p> - -<p>They must have gone down with a member?—They were -accompanied by Mr. Joseph Nolan.</p> - -<p>About how long did they remain?—About twenty minutes or -half an hour, as far as I can remember. They were under -observation by my men; they were seen by the House of -Commons police. They were under observation outside.</p> - -<p>At that time were you aware of any business in which they -were engaged in this country?—We had not identified Harkins -at that time, but I knew Melville was a dangerous character. -On his visit here my information was that he might be looked -for in the House of Commons. That information was received -in connection with his relation with Millen. He was met in -Paris afterwards, and Melville was actually in Paris in the -month of July, but I am not prepared to say he met Millen -then, but they were connected. There was another man in -Paris in regard to whose movements I was apprised in connection -with Millen’s relations in Ireland; and it is also a fact -that General Millen was in communication with Mr. Joseph -Nolan by means of letters conveyed by Millen’s daughters, who -were then in London and under observation. One of these -letters so conveyed was a letter of introduction to Melville.</p> - -<p>Was that prior to the visit to the House of Commons?—That -was prior to the visit; that was on the 14th of July, on -which date Millen’s daughters visited the House of Commons. -They saw Mr. Joseph Nolan and repeated the visit on the 15th. -Millen is their real name. They had been living here for some -time before that.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">The Home Secretary.</span>—Did they visit the House on that -occasion, or did they remain in the central hall?—Witness: -On the first occasion they were taken by Mr. J. Nolan to the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_286"></a>[286]</span> -Ladies’ Gallery, and on the second occasion they were taken by -Mr. Nolan to the bar of the House of Lords, and after they -left they were accompanied by Mr. Nolan some little up the -street on both days.</p> - -<p>They did not go over the House of Commons?—I cannot -say they did. They then left for Paris, where Millen then was, -and, as I said before, on the 4th of August Melville then -appeared.</p> - -<p>Did you follow up this matter by any inquiries of Melville -himself?—Melville was traced to his lodgings, and on the 8th -of August he was interviewed. After Melville’s interview we -interviewed Mr. Joseph Nolan on the 16th of August. He -was asked whether Melville had visited him and whether he -knew him. Mr. Nolan said Melville was a stranger to him, -that he had brought no letter of introduction, that he had -mentioned the names of several gentlemen known to him (Mr. -Nolan) in America, among them a gentleman named Stack, -who had been successful in life and was over in England on a -trip; that he (Stack) seemed to be well acquainted with the oil -wells and silver mines in the Rocky mountains, that he seemed -to be a man well read in history, and altogether was a rather -well-informed man; that he had come with this letter of introduction, -and that he (Nolan) treated him with the same civility -that he would expect in America. We made inquiries, and we -came in the Strangers’ Gallery book, upon an entry which we -believed to be in Mr. Nolan’s handwriting. We had the handwriting -submitted to an expert, and he said it was the same as -that on a remittance sent by Mr. Nolan. We had no doubt on -the subject, because when Mr. Nolan was examined he said it -was in his handwriting. We made inquiry of Mr. Stack, and -had him interviewed on the 26th of January this year. He -said he did not remember anything in connection with the -registry in the book at the gallery in the House of Commons, -and did not remember anything about the man Melville. The -writing in the book appeared, he said, to be his own, but he -was certain he never gave an order to Mr. Joseph Nolan, M.P.<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_287"></a>[287]</span> -and Mr. Nolan knew nothing about his signature. It was an -understood thing among the Irish party that everything possible -was to be done for Americans who might wish to see the -House of Commons, and the consequence was that there was -scarcely a day passed without application being made for -admission to the House by Americans. This matter would -stop that kind of thing. If the Irish members were aware of -it they would shun an American as they would poison, and it -would be detrimental to the party generally.</p> - -<p>By <span class="smcap">Mr. Forrest Fulton</span>.—One of the letters conveyed by the -daughter of General Millen to Mr. Joseph Nolan, who was -in communication with General Millen, was a letter of introduction -of Melville to Mr. Nolan. Millen introduced Melville -as a friend.</p> - -<p>Is there any statement at all as to what Melville was doing -in this country?—No, not so far as I am aware.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">The Chairman.</span>—I think you spoke of letters passing?—Yes, -more than one. This was one of the letters conveyed to -Mr. Nolan from General Millen by his daughters.</p> - -<p>And these letters passed on various occasions?—Yes, they -passed on more than one occasion.</p> - -<p>By <span class="smcap">Mr. Fulton</span>.—Mr. Nolan said he knew nothing at all -about Melville, and had not received any letter from him?—Yes.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Mr. Fulton.</span>—You say you know where the daughters of -General Millen reside. Do you know that they were visited -by Mr. Nolan at any time?—Not at the period referred to, so -far as I know.</p> - -<p>On other occasions?—On a previous occasion they were.</p> - -<p>When was that?—In January of the previous year; but I -had not commenced observations then.</p> - -<p>The Committee adjourned till three o’clock in order to give -<span class="smcap">Mr. Joseph Nolan, M.P.</span>, an opportunity of replying to the -evidence of Mr. Monro.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">The Chairman</span> communicated to Mr. Nolan the statements -made by Mr. Monro. Mr. Nolan said he had no wish to go<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_288"></a>[288]</span> -back upon the evidence he had given in Court in connection -with the dynamite trial. He had received no introduction of -any one from General Millen.</p> - -<p>You visited the House with two daughters of General Millen -on the 14th or 15th of July, and showed them over the House, -and that one of them gave you a letter from her father introducing -a man who would come subsequently—a man named -Melville. Is it true that the two daughters of General Millen -were there on the 14th or 15th of July, and were shown over -the House by you?—It is true that I showed two ladies named -Millen over the House.</p> - -<p>The daughters of General Millen?—I do not know about -that.</p> - -<p>Were they strangers to you at that time?—One of them -was.</p> - -<p>One of them you did know?—Yes.</p> - -<p>She was the daughter of General Millen?—That I do not -know.</p> - -<p>Did you meet her in London?—I met her in London, I -think, in 1886. She has been living in London.</p> - -<p>Did you know General Millen?—I know him by repute.</p> - -<p>As what?—As an officer in the Mexican Army, and as -correspondent of the <cite>New York Herald</cite>.</p> - -<p>Have you ever met him?—Yes.</p> - -<p>When?—In 1886.</p> - -<p>In England or abroad?—In England.</p> - -<p>Was he a stranger to you then?—He was.</p> - -<p>Where did you meet him; at a private house?—He called -upon me at my own house.</p> - -<p>Was that the only occasion on which you ever saw him?—Yes.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Mr. Lawson.</span>—Called upon you doubtless as many Americans -do?—Yes.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">The Chairman.</span>—Is it true that the ladies brought a letter -of introduction about Melville?—It is not true.</p> - -<p>Or a letter of any kind?—No.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_289"></a>[289]</span></p> - -<p>The statement was a letter written by the General?—No; -not that I remember; in fact there was no necessity for it, -because one of the ladies knew me.</p> - -<p>It is said they brought a letter to you at the House introducing -Melville to you on a future occasion?—That is not so. -One of the ladies said she had not seen her father for years, -and she believed he was ill at the time in Europe, and that she -intended to call upon him.</p> - -<p>Have you had any communication with him?—No.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">The Home Secretary.</span>—Are you aware that Melville and -Millen had met each other?—No, and I may say that I had -never heard that General Millen had any connection whatever -with what is known as the dynamite party. It has been -stated, I believe, that he has, but I never heard it previous to -the recent case. On the contrary, I heard that General Millen -as an Irish officer was clearly opposed to the policy of that -party.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">The Home Secretary.</span>—That has nothing to do with it. -Did Melville come from America; he had been in London for -some months?—I did not know that.</p> - -<p>Did Melville speak about Millen?—No.</p> - -<p>Were you aware that they were acquainted?—No. I knew -a number of Irish Americans who have visited me at the -House. They asked for admission, and I have been told that -he was among the number. I remember that a policeman or -gentleman who said that he belonged to the detective force -called upon me in the House, and made inquiry about some -one or two men who had visited the House. I told them all -I knew at the time.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Mr. Lawson.</span>—It is said you did not acknowledge the -handwriting on the Speaker’s Gallery ticket as yours, and you -said it was not your handwriting?—I simply said I could not -swear to the writing as being mine.</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">The Home Secretary.</span>—Have you any doubt about it?—I -rather think it was I who wrote it, but I could not positively -swear.—<cite>The Times</cite>, 20 April 1888.</p> - </div> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_290"></a>[290]</span></p> - -<h3 id="IIapp">II.<br> - -THE STORY OF THE CRONIN MURDER.</h3> -</div> - - - <div class="fs80"> - -<p class="noindent">The Cronin murder trial ended yesterday, after prolonged deliberation -on the part of the jury, in the conviction of four of -the five prisoners arraigned. By the laws of the State of -Illinois the jury not only decide the issues of guilty or not -guilty, but also award the punishment of the convicts. To -this fact is probably due the long delay in the present case in -the announcement of the verdict. The jury have acquitted -John F. Beggs. They have awarded imprisonment for life to -Daniel Coughlin, Martin Burke, and Patrick O’Sullivan, whom -they convict of murder; and imprisonment for three years to -John Kunze, whose offence is reduced to manslaughter, and -whose part in the crime was shown to be of a very minor kind.<a id="FNanchor_7" href="#Footnote_7" class="fnanchor">[7]</a> -Now that the case is over, it seems desirable to state in a connected -form the theory upon which this remarkable trial was -instituted by the State of Illinois.</p> - -<p>The prisoners, Daniel Coughlin, Martin Burke, John F. -Beggs, Patrick O’Sullivan, and John Kunze, were indicted for -the murder of Dr. Patrick Henry Cronin, on May 4, 1889. -The case naturally created intense excitement throughout the -State, affecting as it did many and complex interests of party, -race, and creed. Committees were formed and funds were -raised for the prosecution and for the defence, and the prisoners -were convicted and acquitted on the platform and in the Press, -with that reckless disregard of common decency which disgraces<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_291"></a>[291]</span> -the partisan warfare of America. American judicial -proceedings are, however, framed to work in a society which -habitually indulges itself in debauches of partisan fury, even -while prisoners stand at trial for their lives, and accordingly -the most elaborate safeguards are employed to secure the impartiality -of the jury. The State and the prisoners exercise -the right of challenge both peremptorily and for cause, in a -degree undreamt of in this country. Each juror, before he is -sworn to try the issues, is subjected to the most merciless examination -and cross-examination by counsel for the State and -for the prisoners, and challenges “for cause” are allowed on -grounds which in English eyes appear ludicrously trivial. The -prisoners in the Cronin case were, by law, entitled to twenty -peremptory challenges apiece, or, as they combined their challenges, -to one hundred peremptory challenges in all, and the -State was also entitled to one hundred peremptory challenges. -The work of impanelling the jury began on August 30, and -ended on October 22. Seven full working weeks were spent -in this preliminary labour. No fewer than 1115 unfortunate -citizens of Cook County were exposed to the rigid scrutiny of -counsel for the State and counsel for the defence. Of these, -927 were “excused,” to use the American euphemism, for -cause, while 78 were peremptorily challenged by the State, and -97 were similarly challenged by the defence. Thus the State -had 22 challenges unexhausted, and the defence only three -when the tale was completed. At last, on October 24, the -State’s Attorney “got down to trial” and made his opening -speech. The case relied upon and proved by the State depended -on the following assertions and inferences.</p> - -<p>Dr. Cronin was summoned from his home at half-past seven -on the evening of May 4, and never returned. On May 22 -his naked body, bearing marks of violence, was found in the -catch-basin of a sewer. The theory of the prosecution was -that he was murdered in pursuance of a conspiracy, and that -the accused, together with other persons not in custody, were -members of that conspiracy. The jury by their verdict have<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_292"></a>[292]</span> -declared that Dr. Cronin was so murdered, and that all the -prisoners save Beggs did conspire to murder him. This conspiracy -arose from a bitter quarrel within the ranks of the -United Brotherhood, or Clan-na-Gael. The history of that -organisation was sketched by State’s Attorney Longenecker in -his opening speech. It was founded in 1869, to “free” Ireland -by open warfare. Irishmen joined it from “patriotism,” Irishmen -joined it for the purposes of American political warfare, -and others “for the sake of the money that was in it.” The -organisation grew “until now it stretches from ocean to ocean -in our land.” It was organised by districts, each with its District -Member and District “Camps.” Each “Camp” had a -public name, by which alone it was known to the general -public. Thus, “Camp 20,” to which several of the prisoners -belonged, was called the “Columbia Club,” and other -“Camps” were known as “Literary Clubs,” and so on. Prior -to 1881 the organisation was governed by an Executive Body, -which was composed of the District Members. In 1879 this -Board consisted of fifteen members.</p> - -<p>In 1881 a National Convention of the United Brotherhood -was held in Chicago. At that Convention the Executive Body -was reduced to five members, and Alexander Sullivan, Feeley, -and Boland were appointed thereon. These three men constituted -a majority of the new Board, and, in the State’s Attorney’s -phrase, “took charge” of it. “They then adopted,” he -says, “what is called the dynamite policy. They called it -‘active work.’ They adopted a policy to blow up property -and individuals, and that policy was adopted immediately after -they got possession of the Executive Board of the organisation.” -Moreover, this new Executive Body inserted a provision in the -oath of the organisation binding all members to obey the Executive -Body without question. “If they directed a man to -go and kill another man in England it had to be done, and -they had no right to question the order.” In 1884 this controlling -Board adopted the symbol of the Triangle, and issued -orders under that designation. The whole object of this Junta<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_293"></a>[293]</span> -was to steal the funds of the organisation, and the State’s -Attorney roundly accuses them of endeavouring to effect this -object by acts of well-nigh incredible infamy. They pretended -to their organisation that great sums were being expended -upon “active work.” To lend colour to this fiction they procured -a certain amount of such work to be done. They sent -emissaries to this country. But they failed to provide them -with the funds indispensable for their personal safety. The -men were referred to an agent of the organisation in England, -and when they had reached this side of the Atlantic precautions -were taken that they should not too speedily return. -When the dynamite emissary landed in the United Kingdom, -“I say to you,” says the State’s Attorney, “that somebody -there made known who the man was, and what he was detailed -to do, and he was immediately arrested and thrown into prison. -To-day the prison doors in England are locked against twenty -or more men who were sent there by that Board.”</p> - -<p>The next trick of the Triangle, to hide their embezzlement -of the funds, was to circulate a rumour that English detectives -were watching the Order, and to get the biennial Convention -postponed upon that plea. A meeting was held of the friends -of the Triangle, “and they destroyed every vestige of work they -had done. They destroyed their books, and then sent out a -circular showing that the Order was indebted to them $13,000, -notwithstanding when they took hold of it they had a fund of -$250,000 in the treasury.” Naturally these proceedings led to -great dissension in the Order, and finally to a split in its ranks. -To the quarrel that thus arose, Dr. Cronin, on the theory advanced -by the prosecution, and accepted by the jury, owed -his death. Cronin from the first protested against the action -of the Triangle. In 1885 he was tried for treason to the Order. -Alexander Sullivan prosecuted, and the convict Daniel Coughlin -sat on the Trial Committee. Cronin was convicted and expelled. -Thereupon Cronin joined a new organisation formed -by the seceding members of the Order, and no further steps -were taken until June 1888. In that month a joint convention<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_294"></a>[294]</span> -of the two factions was held in Chicago with a view to -reunion. At that convention Cronin charged the old Triangle, -which had then ceased to exist, with misappropriation of the -funds of the Order, and with misconduct towards their emissaries -to Europe. It was resolved that the charges should be -investigated, and a Trial Committee of six, three from each -faction, was appointed to try Sullivan, Feeley, and Boland. -Of that Trial Committee, Cronin was a member. A memorandum -in Cronin’s handwriting, containing the joint findings of -Cronin himself, and one P. M‘Cahey, as members of the Trial -Committee, and also minutes of the evidence adduced at such -trial, were found amongst Cronin’s papers, and proved at the -coroner’s inquest. These documents were, of course, inadmissible -at the actual trial, according to a well-known technical -rule of evidence, but, as they undoubtedly guided the State’s -Attorney and his associates in framing the case against the -prisoners, and as, moreover, they possess a very special and -personal interest for Englishmen, we do not feel constrained -to ignore their contents here.</p> - -<p>The Trial Committee, it appears, met at Genesee House, -Buffalo, on August 20, 1888. Alexander Sullivan objected -that “one of the committee was a malignant enemy of his,” -and he named Cronin as that enemy. Feeley and Boland -joined in Sullivan’s objection, but Cronin denied that he had -any personal enmity to Sullivan and the objection was overruled. -Boland then charged the notorious John Devoy, who -was a friend of Cronin’s, and attended the Trial Committee, -presumably in his interest, with being a British spy. Cronin -defended Devoy, the committee settled down to work, and -the trial proceeded. The minutes of the evidence taken by -this committee, and found in Cronin’s own handwriting, form -one of the most startling documents ever produced in any -Court. Four principal witnesses were examined in support of -the charges made against the Triangle of neglecting to supply -the emissaries actually engaged in dynamiting with funds, and -of neglecting the families of those emissaries who had perished<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_295"></a>[295]</span> -by explosions, or had been sent to penal servitude in this -country. The first witness was himself one of the London -dynamiters. The last was the widow of Mackey Lomasney, -who was blown up while attempting to destroy London Bridge. -The names of the male witnesses are not given. The first witness -swore that after the Boston Convention of 1884, one -Donovan, “who acted as agent for the body,” and “was then -in the employ of General Kerwin,” asked him if “he could -furnish enough men to accomplish a certain amount of active -work.” The witness procured one recruit. Donovan and -John J. Moroney paid their steerage passage, and gave them -$100 each “to carry on work.” For further funds they were -referred to “the agent on the other side.” The two dynamiters -crossed to this country, but the funds were not forthcoming. -The agent, it is satisfactory to learn, “was sure he -had been betrayed by some one,” and it is yet more gratifying -to know that he “is now in prison.” The witness then gives -the following account of his exploits in this country, and of the -base ingratitude of his employers:—</p> - -<p>“At the agent’s request, work was delayed six weeks. I at -last told him I would do the work. There were four of us.... -I finally induced him to give orders to do the work. -This was on Thursday. On Saturday we did it. After the -work was done I met him the same evening. He remained in -capital city seven days afterward. I was so reduced for funds -that I prevailed upon him to give me four pounds of the sixteen -he had left. On landing in this country had three-and-one-half -pounds.... I at once complained to Donovan and -Moroney, and through them to the executive, or General -Kerwin, of the treatment I had received, and the culpable -neglect of the F. C. About the last of February 1885, Donovan -furnished me with $10 with which to reach my home.</p> - -<p>“<em>Q.</em> How many operations did you perform?—<em>A.</em> Three. -We always bade each other good-bye after each meeting, -thinking it might be our last meeting on earth. I have learned -that, in order to get back, the other man who went over with<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_296"></a>[296]</span> -me had to sell his clothes to get passage-money. He came -with a sprained ankle. In July or August 1885, he received -$7 from Moroney.”</p> - -<p>Subsequently the witness found that the mother of Cunningham, -the dynamiter, was in want. He complained to Moroney -and General Kerwin, whereupon Kerwin told him he ought to -be expelled. The munificent sum of $100 was finally sent by -the “F. C.” (Executive Body) to the mother of their dupe -Cunningham, now undergoing in this country the just but -awful punishment of penal servitude for life. The witness -further ascertained that Mrs. Mackey Lomasney, the widow of -Captain Mackey Lomasney, who “was killed in London, and -was assured, witness was told, that his family would never -want,” was in great distress. The relatives of Dr. Gallagher, -another dynamite convict under a life-long sentence, were also -in want. A hundred dollars was raised for Mrs. Gallagher. -Then comes this terrible statement, a statement which should -warn the miserable tools of the Clan-na-Gael what kind of -succour they may look for from their chiefs when their -“heroism” lands them in the dock. “I requested,” says this -same witness, “that the men on trial on the other side should -be defended. General Kerwin said that friendless men were -better off in such cases.” To the men who have risked their -lives at its bidding, the Order, with its ample revenues, grudges -the few pounds needed for their legal defence, and coldly -abandons them “friendless” to their fate.</p> - -<p>The next witness confirms the above statements as to the -conduct of the organisation towards Mrs. Cunningham. In -July 1885, he succeeded John Moroney as D. M. (District -Member), and in October of that year he “went out as an -organiser of the National League in the West.” “I saw -General Kerwin and told him that he should send money to -Mrs. Cunningham, that the lady was hurt on the subject of -being neglected by us. He said he would send it.”</p> - -<p>The cross-examination of this witness was directed to show -that he entertained animus against Kerwin and Boland for<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_297"></a>[297]</span> -endeavouring to defeat his candidature for the presidency of -the National League, which candidature, he alleges, had been -officially adopted by the Clan-na-Gael. “The slate,” he says, -“was Baldwin, Minton, and Carroll for F. C. (Executive Body), -and myself as President of the League.” Boland asked him -why he would not take the secretaryship.</p> - -<p>The third witness, “a member since the beginning of the -old organisation,” knew Mackey Lomasney, and remembers -his departure for Europe in August 1884, with his brother Jim, -and a third conspirator. The witness describes his efforts to -obtain relief from the organisation for Mackey Lomasney’s -widow. In 1885 he went to Newhaven and saw Dr. Wallace -(who was then “D.”), Condon, and Boland. Boland “denied -all responsibility,” and alleged that Mrs. Mackey Lomasney -had been supplied with plenty of money. The witness called -on Carroll. “He professed utter ignorance of the whole -affair. I said, ‘By God, you must see her.’ Carroll offered the -witness $100, which he refused. I said, ‘You know how to -send this, as you have the others; if you respect the memory -of the dead, and the widow and the orphan made so by your -act, do your duty by all.’” The witness further states that Mrs. -Mackey Lomasney continued to be in a poverty-stricken state, -without coal or clothing, until August 1886.</p> - -<p>The last witness was Mrs. Susan Mackey Lomasney herself. -Upon Alexander Sullivan’s request, made presumably to show -his reliance on the bare word of a dynamiter’s wife, she was -not sworn. Mrs. Mackey Lomasney stated that her husband -went away in August 1884, and that since that date she had -received $1000 from the organisation. She called on -Alexander Sullivan in 1885, but did not ask for help. In -August 1886, she again visited Sullivan, explained to him the -state of her affairs, and asked for help. “He asked me for a -schedule of my liabilities—$200. He would attend to the -matter. He gave me no money, nor offered me any.” Sullivan -told the witness not to mention his name to any one. She then -called on “James Q.,” who “talked to her about Father Dorney,”<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_298"></a>[298]</span> -but gave her no help. The witness was so poor at this time that -she borrowed a dress to visit Sullivan. Several weeks after the -witness again called on Sullivan and applied for a loan of $100, -which she obtained. That was all she ever got from Sullivan. In -cross-examination Mrs. Mackey Lomasney admitted that her -husband wrote to her from Europe, saying he had received -money from Mr. Sullivan. The witness did not know the -amount.</p> - -<p>“Here,” say the minutes, “Mr. S. admitted that (Mackey) -Lomasney was sent by the organisation.”</p> - -<p>The Trial Committee was divided in opinion as to the guilt -or innocence of the accused. Four members were for an -acquittal. Two, Cronin and M‘Cahey, were for a conviction -on the principal charges, and, in particular, on the charges of -“scandalous and shameful neglect” of “the family of one who -lost his life in the service of this Order,” and on that of issuing -a fraudulent financial report and squandering the funds.</p> - -<p>Dr. Cronin’s documents illustrate many interesting points. -Amongst other things they prove that he, his friends Devoy -and M‘Cahey and their faction, are to the full as wicked -scoundrels as Sullivan, Feeley, Boland, and the party of the -Triangle. The minority report does not condemn the Triangle -for dynamiting, but for dishonest dynamiting. It does not -reprobate the despatch of miscreants like Mackey Lomasney -to work slaughter and destruction in the heart of a great city, -but the subsequent neglect of the Order to keep faith with -their emissary, by providing for his widow. It acquits the -Triangle of wilfully omitting to supply the actual authors of -the dynamite explosion with funds to fly from the law, but it -severely censures their “agent” for the omission. Both wings -of the Clan-na-Gael were engaged in the same devilish plots, -and while every one must rejoice that the assassins even of a -dynamiter should meet their lawful doom, Cronin merits no -more sympathy as an individual than “Captain Mackey” -himself. He was brutally murdered, while himself engaged in -plotting the wholesale murder of others.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_299"></a>[299]</span></p> - -<p>On the theory of the State’s Attorney, now endorsed by the -verdict of the American jury, it was Cronin’s persistent efforts -to have the evidence taken by the Trial Committee published -with the report, that sealed his doom. That committee, as -has been seen, sat in August 1888. The report did not -appear while Cronin lived. But on the day of his murder the -Executive Body of the Clan-na-Gael met, and on the next day, -or the next day but one, the report was published to the Order. -The evidence was not then issued with the report, but a protest -from Alexander Sullivan was annexed thereto, in which he -charged Cronin as a perjurer, and a traitor to the Irish cause. -All the prisoners except Kunze were members of the Clan-na-Gael. -All those members belonged to the same “Camp” of -the Order, known in the ranks of the Order as “Camp 20,” -and in public as the “Columbia Club.” The prisoner, John -F. Beggs, was “Senior Guardian” of the “Camp,” and an -intimate friend of Alexander Sullivan’s. On February 8, 1889, -the “Camp” met, with Beggs in the chair, and from that -meeting the prosecution dates the conspiracy to murder -Cronin. A member got up and said that they should investigate -the affairs of the Triangle, these men who had robbed -them of their funds. The prisoner Coughlin and others -demanded the speaker’s authority for this statement. He -replied that he had heard part of the report of the Trial -Committee appointed to try the Triangle read in another -“Camp.” That other “Camp” was Dr. Cronin’s. The State -alleged that Beggs made a violent speech and declared that he -would not have these attacks made upon the Triangle, and -that it had to be stopped if it took blood. Coughlin at once -moved that a secret committee of three be appointed to investigate. -The motion was carried, and the prisoner Beggs, as -Senior Guardian, was directed to nominate the committee. -All the accused except O’Sullivan and Kunze attended this -meeting of “Camp 20.” Two days later Beggs wrote to his -superior officer, a man named Spellman, and informed him -that “it was charged that the S. G. of the Columbia Club at a<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_300"></a>[300]</span> -recent meeting read to the assembled members the proceedings -of the Trial Committee.” On February 17, Spellman -disclaimed any jurisdiction “to inflict the penalty” in the -case. On February 18, Beggs replied that the matter had to -be investigated or there would be trouble. The State’s -Attorney argued that this secret committee of three was in fact -appointed to try, and did try, the murdered man, and that -Spellman’s disclaimer of jurisdiction to inflict “the penalty” -proves that Cronin had been convicted and already stood for -sentence at the bar of the Order.</p> - -<p>On February 19, a man giving the name of Simonds, who is -not in custody, took rooms at 117 Clark Street, Chicago, -immediately opposite to Dr. Cronin’s office. On the same -day he bought some furniture and a carpet. He asked for -goods of the cheapest quality, and stated that he required -them only for temporary use. He also bought from the same -dealers the largest packing trunk they had, a valise, and a -trunk strap. He told the shopman that the first strap supplied -to him was not large enough, and a larger one was procured. -All these articles were put into the rooms at 117 Clark Street.</p> - -<p>On March 20, a man, proved to be the convict Martin -Burke, hired Carlson cottage, under the name of “Frank -Williams,” for one month from Mr. Carlson, who himself lives -next door. Burke then went to the prisoner P. O’Sullivan, -whose premises immediately adjoin the Carlson cottage, and -told O’Sullivan that he had taken it. Burke and another man -not in custody next removed all the furniture, the trunk, the -valise, and the carpet from 117 Clark Street into the Carlson -cottage. This removal took place on the evening of March 20, -the day Burke took the cottage.</p> - -<p>O’Sullivan is an ice man by trade. On March 29, nine days -after the taking of the cottage, O’Sullivan tried to find one -Justice Mahoney, to come and make a contract between him -and Dr. Cronin. O’Sullivan did not find the justice on March -29, but some time in April they went together to Cronin’s -office, and a contract was made between O’Sullivan and<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_301"></a>[301]</span> -Cronin, whereby Cronin agreed to attend to O’Sullivan’s -workmen. O’Sullivan then gave Cronin some cards and said, -“I may be out of town and my card be presented.” -O’Sullivan’s business was not dangerous. No accident had -ever occurred amongst his men. Numbers of doctors lived -between O’Sullivan’s place of business and Dr. Cronin’s office, -which is nearly an hour’s drive from O’Sullivan’s yard. -“What,” the State asked, “was the object of this contract, -made after the discussion in ‘Camp 20,’ and after Beggs had -been directed to appoint the secret committee?”</p> - -<p>On April 20, Martin Burke, under the <em>alias</em> of “Frank -Williams,” returned to the Carlson cottage and paid a second -month’s rent in advance. He had never occupied the cottage. -He said his sister was in hospital and could not come to -housekeeping. The Carlsons grew uneasy about their tenants. -They inquired of their neighbour O’Sullivan about these men, -who had taken their house but never moved into it. O’Sullivan -said, “You will get your rent; it is all right,” and told them he -knew one of their tenants. Shortly before May 4 the convict -Coughlin was heard to declare in a “saloon” or public bar -that a certain north-side man, a leading Catholic, or a leading -Irishman, would soon bite the ground, or to use words of the -like effect.</p> - -<p>On the evening of May 3 there was a meeting of “Camp -20.” A member asked if the secret committee appointed in -February to inquire into the alleged publication of the report -of the Triangle Trial Committee in Cronin’s “Camp” had -itself reported. The State alleged that Beggs, the Senior -Guardian, answered, “That committee is to report to me. -The ‘Camp’ has nothing to do with that.”</p> - -<p>Between eleven and one o’clock on May 4, the convict -Coughlin went to Dinan’s livery stable and ordered a horse -and buggy to be ready about seven that evening “for a friend.” -Later he telephoned to the convict O’Sullivan to go out. -About 7.15 in the evening Coughlin’s friend came and asked -for the buggy. The ostler harnessed a white horse. The<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_302"></a>[302]</span> -stranger objected to the colour, but the ostler said it was the -only horse he could have. The stranger then drove to Dr. -Cronin’s. He reached Cronin’s home about 7.20, gave -him one of O’Sullivan’s cards, saying, “O’Sullivan is out of -town, and here is his card”—the very words used by O’Sullivan -himself when he made his contract with Cronin—and told -Cronin that one of O’Sullivan’s men had his leg crushed, and -that the doctor was wanted immediately. The doctor took -his instruments and some cotton with him and drove hastily off -in the buggy. He was never seen alive again.</p> - -<p>The State allege that the convict Burke was at the Carlson -cottage on the night of May 3, together with another man, -after the meeting of “Camp 20.” On the night of May 4 -Burke was also there, and he bade good-night to his landlord -and neighbour, old Mr. Carlson, at a late hour that evening. -A casual passer-by saw a man whose description answers to -that of Cronin get out of a buggy and hastily enter Carlson -cottage, and she afterwards heard blows and cries. Between -eight and nine that night, two men, whose descriptions answer -to those of Coughlin and Kunze, were also seen to drive up to -Carlson cottage, and Coughlin was seen to enter it.</p> - -<p>On the night of May 4-5 a waggon was seen at three -different points by policemen and night-watchmen in the -neighbourhood of Lake Michigan. There were three men in -the waggon, a driver and two others, who, when the waggon -was first observed, sat on a large chest which the policemen -took to be a tool-chest. At one in the morning of May 5, the -watchman at Edgewater challenged these men in the waggon, -and asked them what they were doing. They said they were -trying to find the lake shore drive. The drive is not continued -up to this point, and the watchman gave them some directions, -after which they drove away. They were seen later on in the -same waggon, but without the chest. The catch-basin in which -Dr. Cronin’s body was subsequently found is half a mile from -Edgewater. On the morning of May 5, a trunk identical in all -respects with that purchased by the tenant of 117 Clark Street,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_303"></a>[303]</span> -in February, and afterwards removed by Burke to the Carlson -cottage, was found between this catch-basin and the city, -about three-quarters of a mile from the catch-basin. During -the trial Dr. Cronin’s clothes were found in a valise in the sewer -about a quarter of a mile further on from the point where the -trunk was found. This valise corresponded in all respects -with that bought by Simonds and delivered to him at 117 Clark -Street, and afterwards removed by Burke from Clark Street to -Carlson cottage. It will be remembered that Cronin took -cotton with him to dress the wounds of his expected patient -on the evening of May 4. Cotton was found in the trunk on -May 5. It was smeared with blood, as also were the sides of -trunk.</p> - -<p>On May 6 the convict Martin Burke called at a tinsmith’s -shop, and asked the smith to solder up a box for him. The -smith wanted to raise the lid to do his work. Martin Burke -told him not to do so, and made him secure the box by -passing a metal band round it and soldering the band. The -smith had read some report as to the disappearance of Dr. -Cronin two days before. While he was soldering the box he -asked Burke what he thought of the matter. Burke replied -with coarse abuse of Cronin, denounced him as a spy, and -declared he would turn up all right.</p> - -<p>On May 13, two men called on old Mrs. Carlson, the wife of -the owner of Carlson cottage, and tendered her another -month’s rent. She refused the offer, as she said she wished -the cottage to be occupied, and she added that no rent was -due until May 20. Shortly afterwards the Carlsons received a -letter from their tenants saying that they were sorry to give up -the building, and sorry that they had had to paint the floor, -but that that was done for their sister.</p> - -<p>On May 20, the date of the expiry of “Williams’” lease of the -cottage, the Carlsons entered the building by the window. -They found the whole of the house in confusion and signs -that a severe struggle had taken place therein. All the Clark -Street furniture was there, but the trunk was gone, the valise<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_304"></a>[304]</span> -was gone, and the carpet was gone. The walls and the floor -were stained with blood. Paint had been hastily daubed over -the floor. The arm of the rocking-chair was wrenched off and -a key, which afterwards proved to fit the lock of the bloodstained -trunk discovered on May 5 near Edgewater, was found -under a bureau, stained with some of the paint which had been -applied to the floor.</p> - -<p>On May 21, the Carlsons reported the state of their cottage -to the police, and on May 22 some men engaged in cleaning -the sewers found the naked body of Cronin in the catch-basin. -Some cotton similar to that taken away by the doctor on the -evening of May 4, and similar to that found in the bloody -trunk on May 5, was also found with the body in the catch-basin. -The head of the corpse was cut in a dozen different -places on the back and temples.</p> - -<p>As soon as the body was identified, Martin Burke fled from -Chicago. He crossed the Canadian frontier, and was finally -traced to Winnipeg, where he was arrested under an assumed -name. He had taken a ticket from Winnipeg to Liverpool.</p> - -<p>Kunze has rightly escaped with a much less severe sentence -than his co-conspirators. The more material of the allegations -against him, in addition to the fact mentioned above of his -having driven Coughlin to the cottage on the night of the -murder, are that he was seen in the rooms hired by Simonds at -117 Clark Street, and that he told a fellow-workman after the -murder, but before the discovery of the body, that he knew -Cronin was murdered, and that the body would never be found.</p> - -<p>The substantive defence appears to have consisted chiefly of -a series of <em>alibis</em>. They were of the familiar Irish type—a type -which in the graphic American tongue is described as “lop-sided.”</p> - -<p>Full reports of the speeches for the defence and of the -concluding arguments for the State have not yet reached this -country, and can hardly be expected for some days. But -whatever the line taken by counsel for the prisoners may have -been, it has failed to prevent a purely American jury of<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_305"></a>[305]</span> -citizens of Cook County from convicting and sentencing to -severe punishment four members of as foul and wicked a -conspiracy as ever was hatched by Irish brains. That conspiracy, -as the evidence shows, was itself the outcome of those -intestine quarrels that by a just retribution ever corrode the -heart of the Irish-American plots against this country. It was -the State’s Attorney’s cue to paint Dr. Cronin as an innocent -and patriotic Irishman, murdered by the hands of <ins class="corr" id="tn-305" title="Transcriber’s Note—Original text: 'villanous rivals'"> -villainous rivals</ins>. But the true nature of the patriotic society to which -Dr. Cronin belonged, and to the hands of whose members he -owes his dreadful end, can hardly escape the American public -when they come to study the records of the Cronin trial and -the verdict of the Chicago jury. Whether that study will nerve -the honest citizens of the Republic to rise against the tyranny -of Irish machine-men, and purge their name and nation of the -stain of harbouring and tolerating such associations, remains to -be seen. At any rate, the people of Illinois are to be congratulated -on their victory—a victory which, in spite of endless -“exceptions” taken on behalf of the prisoners throughout the -case, and the endless series of appeals allowed by American -law, will hardly be affected in the long run by any fresh -proceedings. On the other hand, the convictions may not -improbably result in some of the convicts turning informers -<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">more patrio</i>, and thus bringing the real prime movers in the -murder, whose existence is widely believed in in America, in -turn to their doom.—<cite>The Times</cite>, 17th December 1889.</p> - </div> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h3 id="IIIapp">APPENDIX III.</h3> -</div> - - -<div class="figcenter illowp68" id="i_b306b" style="max-width: 50em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i_b306b.jpg" alt=""> - <div class="caption">(page 1 of 2 of a handwritten letter)</div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter illowp68" id="i_b306c" style="max-width: 50em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i_b306c.jpg" alt=""> - <div class="caption">(page 2 of 2 of a handwritten letter)</div> -</div> - -<p class="fs80"><em>NOTE.—The above letter was written to me by Sullivan before the -trial of the charges brought against him by Cronin, and refers to -evidence being collected by Sullivan to refute those charges. “D.” -means division, “J. G.” and “S. G.” mean Junior Guardian and Senior -Guardian; and the use of these initials peculiar to the Organization -prove Sullivan’s continued participation in the Clan-na-Gael.</em></p> - -<p class="right fs80"><span class="smcap">H. le C.</span></p> - -<div class="p1 transnote"> -<p>Transcriber’s Note: the following is a transcription of the handwritten -text of this letter.</p> - -<p class="right">Aug 30 1888</p> - -<p>My Dear Doctor</p> - -<p>Just rec’d your telegram. -Will you, if the enclosed -are correct, subscribe -to and return them to -me? I am not sure -whether you were in -the ’86 convention. Of -course, I know you -were in ’84. You can -subscribe before a notary -or before your J. G. or S. G. -Please fill in the blanks. -On the first line, your name, -on the 2d, no. of D. -On line at end, -sign your name and -write in name of -county at the head.</p> - -<p class="right"> -In haste<br> -Sincerely<br> -Alex  </p> -</div> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_306"></a>[306]</span><br> - <span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_307"></a>[307]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="INDEX">INDEX.</h2> -</div> - -<ul class="index fs80"> -<li class="ifrst">Agnew, Frank, details of, and his connection with Clan-na-Gael in 1876, <a href="#Page_172">172</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">American Army, enlisted in, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">different engagements with, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">American War, episodes in connection with, <a href="#Page_13">13-19</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Anderson, Mr., communications with, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">my reports to him regarding conversation with Mr. Parnell, <a href="#Page_176">176</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">and regarding my visit to Ireland, <a href="#Page_181">181</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">informs me of desire of <cite>Times</cite> for my services, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">introduces me to Mr. Houston, <a href="#Page_267">267</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">returns me my letters, <a href="#Page_268">268</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">my tribute to, <a href="#Page_271">271</a>.</li> - - -<li class="ifrst">Betts, Rev. Dr., at Dynamite Convention, <a href="#Page_199">199</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">presides over Clan-na-Gael caucus prior to League conventions, <a href="#Page_206">206</a>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Boland, Michael, details regarding, and his connection with Clan-na-Gael, <a href="#Page_125">125</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">convicted of misappropriation of Clan-na-Gael funds, <a href="#Page_261">261</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Bourke, General Thomas, on Executive of Irish Confederation, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">further details of, and his connection with Clan-na-Gael, <a href="#Page_121">121</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">trustee of Skirmishing Fund, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Boyton, Michael, Devoy’s references to, as League organiser and Clan-na-Gael emissary, <a href="#Page_157">157</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">interview with, at Kilmainham Prison, <a href="#Page_179">179</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">his views on situation in Ireland, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Brennan, Thomas, Secretary of Land League in Ireland, at Philadelphia Convention, <a href="#Page_209">209</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">story of his escape from Dublin, <a href="#Page_230">230</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Breslin, John J., details regarding, and his connection with Clan-na-Gael, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">trustee of Skirmishing Fund, <a href="#Page_136">136</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">assists Stephens to escape from Richmond Bridewell, Dublin, <a href="#Page_164">164</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Buffalo, the row at, <a href="#Page_186">186</a>.</li> - - -<li class="ifrst">Canadian Invasion, story of the first, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">story of the second, <a href="#Page_82">82-85</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Carey, James, evidence of, regarding hand-grenade, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Carroll, Dr. William, details regarding, and his connection with Clan-na-Gael, <a href="#Page_122">122</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">trustee of Skirmishing Fund, <a href="#Page_136">136</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">action in connection with proposed alliance with Russia, <a href="#Page_140">140</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">visit to, on behalf of Mr. Parnell, and his views regarding position, <a href="#Page_182">182</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx" id="CLA">Clan-na-Gael, the beginning of the, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">object of, <a href="#Page_107">107</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">views which led to formation of, <a href="#Page_108">108</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">general principles and methods of the, <a href="#Page_110">110</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">form of admission to, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">governing body of, <a href="#Page_115">115</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">appointed on Military Board of, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">leading men of the, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">and the Skirmishing Fund, <a href="#Page_136">136</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">work of the, <a href="#Page_139">139</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">proposed alliance of, with Russia, <a href="#Page_139">139</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">controls the Land League, <a href="#Page_152">152</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">letter from Devoy regarding same, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">Mr. Parnell on difficulties with Irish members of, <a href="#Page_175">175</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">Michael Boyton on same, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">Alex. Sullivan elected president of, <a href="#Page_191">191</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">change of constitution of, <a href="#Page_191">191</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">manipulating League organisation, <a href="#Page_204">204</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">details of scheme for same, <a href="#Page_205">205</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">and Phœnix Park murders, <a href="#Page_208">208</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">and Philadelphia Convention of Land League, <a href="#Page_211">211</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">Sullivan’s working of, <a href="#Page_218">218</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">books and documents burnt, <a href="#Page_220">220</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">and League Convention of 1886, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">Egan and National League, <a href="#Page_237">237</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">and Home Rule Bill, <a href="#Page_246">246-248</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">and League movement, <a href="#Page_250">250</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">finding of committee of, on Cronin charges, <a href="#Page_261">261</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Clerkenwell Explosion, references to, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Clingen, Colonel, details regarding, and his connection with Clan-na-Gael, <a href="#Page_122">122</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">arranges for my bringing letters from Devoy to Europe, <a href="#Page_159">159</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Collins, P. A., candidature for presidency of National League in America<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_308"></a>[308]</span> -unsuccessful, because of his offer of reward for discovery of Phœnix Park murderers, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Condon, O’Meagher, at Dynamite Convention, <a href="#Page_198">198</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Conventions, Fenian, at Philadelphia, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">at New York, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">Clan-na-Gael, at Pennsylvania, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">at Wilkesbarre, <a href="#Page_149">149</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">Land League, at Buffalo, <a href="#Page_186">186</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">“Dynamite,” at Chicago, <a href="#Page_187">187-194</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">Land League, at Chicago, <a href="#Page_204">204</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">National League, at Philadelphia, <a href="#Page_211">211</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">at Boston, <a href="#Page_227">227</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">Clan-na-Gael, at Chicago, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">National League, at Chicago, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">Clan-na-Gael, at Chicago, <a href="#Page_247">247</a>, <a href="#Page_259">259</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cronin, Dr. P. H., reference to, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">attacks Sullivan for misappropriation of funds, <a href="#Page_220">220</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">sketch of his life, <a href="#Page_221">221</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">expelled from Clan-na-Gael, <a href="#Page_226">226</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">development of dispute between, and Sullivan, <a href="#Page_258">258</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">murder of, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">corroboration of my evidence through murder of, <a href="#Page_270">270</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">the story of the murder of, <a href="#IIapp">Appendix</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Cross, Colonel, life and methods of, <a href="#Page_44">44-48</a>.</li> - - -<li class="ifrst">Daly, “Jack,” story of, and Dynamite Campaign, <a href="#Page_243">243</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">letters to Breslin on Home Office, <a href="#Page_244">244</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx" id="DAV">Davitt, Michael, release and arrival of in America, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">opinions of, at this time, <a href="#Page_143">143</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">visits camps of Clan-na-Gael, <a href="#Page_143">143</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">meets with Devoy, <a href="#Page_143">143</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">takes up “New Departure,” <a href="#Page_143">143</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">returns to Ireland, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">second visit to America, <a href="#Page_151">151</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">advocates the Land League movement, <a href="#Page_152">152</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">takes ill at Braidwood, <a href="#Page_152">152</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">gives information unawares, <a href="#Page_152">152</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">paid back moneys advanced from Skirmishing Fund, <a href="#Page_153">153</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">Dr. Carroll’s views regarding, <a href="#Page_183">183</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">speech against, by Devoy, <a href="#Page_259">259</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Devine, Joseph, story of escape of, from Illinois, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx" id="DEV">Devoy, John, arrival and sketch of, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">further details regarding, and his connection with Clan-na-Gael, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>, <a href="#Page_121">121</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">trustee of Skirmishing Fund, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">and “New Departure,” <a href="#Page_143">143</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">letters regarding same, <a href="#Page_145">145</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">goes to Ireland as secret agent of Clan-na-Gael, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">report regarding position of revolutionary forces in Ireland, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">issues circular to Clan-na-Gael camps regarding Land League, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">supplies details of plots and plans of Clan-na-Gael, <a href="#Page_155">155</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">intrusts me with letters to Egan and O’Leary, <a href="#Page_159">159</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">communication with regard to Mr. Parnell’s views, <a href="#Page_181">181</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">letter from him regarding same, <a href="#Page_182">182</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">at Dynamite Convention, <a href="#Page_199">199</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">on Phœnix Park murders, <a href="#Page_208">208</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">in opposition to Sullivan, <a href="#Page_219">219</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">joins forces with Dr. Cronin, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">secedes from Clan-na-Gael, <a href="#Page_226">226</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">speech against Davitt, <a href="#Page_259">259</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Documents, in connection with second Canadian raid, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">in connection with Clan-na-Gael, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">my procedure with regard to, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">telegram regarding “New Departure,” <a href="#Page_144">144</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">Devoy’s letter, <a href="#Page_145">145</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">Devoy’s letter <em>re</em> League and Clan-na-Gael, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">my report to my “camp” of League Convention, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">Egan’s letter of introduction to League in America, <a href="#Page_234">234</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">Clan-na-Gael circulars <em>re</em> Home Rule Bill, <a href="#Page_246">246</a>, <a href="#Page_247">247</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">Clan-na-Gael resolution re National League, <a href="#Page_250">250</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">extract from Cronin report on misappropriation of funds, <a href="#Page_263">263</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dunne, P. W., details regarding, and his connection with Clan-na-Gael, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Dynamite, invention of hand-grenade, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">Convention of 1881, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">proceedings at, <a href="#Page_188">188</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">description of, <a href="#Page_194">194</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">Sullivan supplies particulars of campaign of 1883, <a href="#Page_217">217</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">sketch of same in England, <a href="#Page_237">237</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">methods of conveying, <a href="#Page_240">240-242</a>.</li> - - -<li class="ifrst">Egan, Patrick, and rescue of Australian prisoners, <a href="#Page_73">73</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">Devoy intrusts me with letter to, <a href="#Page_159">159</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">first meeting with, in Paris, <a href="#Page_160">160</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">description of, <a href="#Page_161">161</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">life with, in Paris, <a href="#Page_167">167</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">as “a Land Leaguer, and something else besides,” <a href="#Page_168">168</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">on Mr. Parnell as a Revolutionist, <a href="#Page_169">169</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">on the Land League accounts and audit, <a href="#Page_169">169</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">introduces me to M.P.’s, <a href="#Page_171">171</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">Devoy on, and Phœnix Park murders, <a href="#Page_208">208</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">arrival of, in America, <a href="#Page_209">209</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">position as regards matters in America, <a href="#Page_211">211</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">and Clan-na-Gael caucus in connection with Philadelphia Convention, <a href="#Page_211">211</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">appointed president of American National League, <a href="#Page_227">227</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">a tribute to, <a href="#Page_228">228</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">tells the story of his escape from Dublin, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">on Dr. Gallaher and Dynamite Campaign, <a href="#Page_230">230</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">speech at camp meeting at Philadelphia, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">supplies me with general introduction to League in America, <a href="#Page_234">234</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1"><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_309"></a>[309]</span>circulars of, as president of League, to camps of Clan-na-Gael, <a href="#Page_237">237</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">charges by Rossa against, in connection with £20,000 paid to Sullivan, <a href="#Page_264">264</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">England, my first visit to, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">my second, <a href="#Page_159">159</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">my third, <a href="#Page_257">257</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">my fourth and last, <a href="#Page_257">257</a>.</li> - - -<li class="ifrst">Facsimile of Fenian bond, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fatalism, thoughts on, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Feeley, Denis, details regarding, and his connection with Clan-na-Gael, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">at the Dynamite Convention, <a href="#Page_201">201</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">acquitted but censured in connection with Cronin charges, <a href="#Page_261">261</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fenianism, state of affairs in connection with, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">methods of obtaining money for, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">Andrew Johnson’s government and, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">my first connection with, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fenian Brotherhood, I join the, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">I organise a “camp” or “circle” of, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">appointed major and military organiser of, <a href="#Page_54">54</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">my first speech to, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">appointed inspector-general of, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">appointed assistant-adjutant-general of, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">appointed adjutant-general and brigadier-general of, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fenian prisoners, rescue of, from Australia, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Finerty, John F., and first Canadian invasion, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">at League Convention, <a href="#Page_206">206</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ford, Austin, medium of communication between Clan-na-Gael and <cite>Irish World</cite>, <a href="#Page_133">133</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ford, Patrick, as editor of <cite>Irish World</cite>, advocates Skirmishing Fund, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">sketch of, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1"><cite>Irish World</cite> and Clan-na-Gael, <a href="#Page_133">133</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx"><ins class="corr" id="tn-ind1" title="Transcriber’s Note—Original text: 'Forrester, Bill'"> -Forester, Bill</ins>, escape of, from Illinois, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Fox, Dr. J. G., meeting with, <a href="#Page_251">251</a>.</li> - - -<li class="ifrst">Gallaher, Dr., views on dynamite, <a href="#Page_192">192</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">at Dynamite Convention, <a href="#Page_200">200</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">introduced to Mr. Gladstone, <a href="#Page_218">218</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">organising Dynamite Campaign in England, <a href="#Page_238">238</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">with Sullivan in Chicago, <a href="#Page_230">230</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">sentence on, <a href="#Page_241">241</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">£1400 found on, <a href="#Page_241">241</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Grant, General, and the second invasion of Canada, <a href="#Page_88">88</a>.</li> - - -<li class="ifrst">Hand-grenade adopted by Clan-na-Gael, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Home Rule, effects of Mr. Gladstone’s Bill, <a href="#Page_235">235</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Houston, Mr., first meeting with, <a href="#Page_267">267</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">preparation of evidence by, <a href="#Page_269">269</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Hynes, Wm. J., details regarding, and his connection with Clan-na-Gael, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">in communication with, regarding Mr. Parnell’s proposals, <a href="#Page_184">184</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">at Dynamite Convention, <a href="#Page_196">196</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">at Land League Convention, <a href="#Page_206">206</a>.</li> - - -<li class="ifrst">Inner Circle, Knights of the, <a href="#Page_107">107</a>, <a href="#Page_117">117</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Ireland, visit to, <a href="#Page_177">177</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Irish Confederation, formation of, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">executive of, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Irish Republican Brotherhood, establishment of, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">John Devoy’s report on, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">troubles of Mr. Parnell with, <a href="#Page_173">173</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">Boyton’s references to position of, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">efforts of Sullivan to capture, <a href="#Page_254">254</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx"><cite>Irish World</cite>, Patrick Ford in columns of, advocates Skirmishing Fund, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">reference to position of, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">and Clan-na-Gael, <a href="#Page_133">133</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">and Skirmishing Fund, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">statement of accounts, <a href="#Page_193">193</a>.</li> - - -<li class="ifrst">Johnson, Andrew, and first Canadian raid, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">interview with, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Jubilee Explosion Plot, reference to, <a href="#Page_254">254</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">Millen’s connection with, <a href="#Page_255">255</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">story of the, <a href="#Iapp">Appendix</a>.</li> - - -<li class="ifrst">Kenny, Dr., M.P., introduced to, by Patrick Egan, <a href="#Page_179">179</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">assisted by him to interviews with Boyton and others, <a href="#Page_179">179</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Kerwin, Michael, details regarding, and his connection with Clan-na-Gael, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>.</li> - - -<li class="ifrst">Land League and Clan-na-Gael. See <a href="#CLA">latter</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Lomasney, Thos., first dealings with, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">description of, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">views on dynamite, <a href="#Page_192">192</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">dynamite work in England, <a href="#Page_222">222</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Luby, Thos. Clarke, on executive of Irish Confederation, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">further details regarding, and his connection with Clan-na-Gael, <a href="#Page_121">121</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">trustee of Skirmishing Fund, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>.</li> - - -<li class="ifrst">M‘Micken, Judge, first communications with, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1"><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_310"></a>[310]</span>his kindly treatment of me, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">and my troubles in connection with journey to Ottawa, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">my last meeting with, <a href="#Page_273">273</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Medicine, I commence study of, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">resume study of, <a href="#Page_97">97</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">I enter Detroit College of, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">I become a fully qualified doctor of, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">I utilise my connection with, <a href="#Page_126">126</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Meledy, Joseph, supplies details of “active” work of Clan-na-Gael, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Millen, General, details regarding, and his connection with Clan-na-Gael, <a href="#Page_125">125</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">goes to Ireland as military inspector for Clan-na-Gael, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">my meeting with, in Paris, <a href="#Page_253">253</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">his connection with Jubilee Explosion Plot, <a href="#Page_254">254</a> and <a href="#Iapp">Appendix</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Moroney, Joseph, and Jubilee Plot, <a href="#Page_256">256</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">introduced by J. S. Nolan, M.P., to House of Commons, <a href="#Page_256">256</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">in possession of £1200 for dynamite work, <a href="#Page_274">274</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">his movements in connection with same, <a href="#Iapp">Appendix</a>.</li> - - -<li class="ifrst">New Departure, Devoy and Davitt and, <a href="#Page_143">143</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">sketch of, <a href="#Page_144">144</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">advocated by Devoy in Ireland, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">received with enthusiasm by the Gaels, <a href="#Page_149">149</a>.</li> -<li class="isub1">[See also “<a href="#DAV">Davitt</a>” and “<a href="#DEV">Devoy</a>.”]</li> - -<li class="ifrst">O’Connor, John, <em>alias</em> Dr. Clarke, travelling agent for Clan-na-Gael in Europe and ally of Egan, <a href="#Page_190">190</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">O’Donovan Rossa, arrival of, and sketch of, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">further details regarding, and his connection with Clan-na-Gael, <a href="#Page_121">121</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">advocates “Skirmishing Fund,” <a href="#Page_130">130</a>, <a href="#Page_135">135</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">Devoy on difficulties regarding, <a href="#Page_156">156</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">expelled from Clan-na-Gael, <a href="#Page_209">209</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">work of his agents in England, <a href="#Page_237">237</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">controversy with Egan regarding the £20,000, <a href="#Page_264">264</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">O’Kelly, J. J., member of executive of Irish Confederation, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">obtains seat in Parliament by misappropriation of Clan-na-Gael funds, <a href="#Page_153">153</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">interview with, in House of Commons, <a href="#Page_172">172</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">O’Leary, John, letter for, given me by Devoy, <a href="#Page_159">159</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">my first meeting with, <a href="#Page_161">161</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">Sullivan informs me, must be got rid of, <a href="#Page_185">185</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">O’Neill, General John, and Fenianism, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">commands first invasion of Canada, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">extract of report regarding same, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">sketch of his life, <a href="#Page_38">38-40</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">my loan to, <a href="#Page_77">77</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">general orders of, in connection with second invasion of Canada, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">speech to the invaders, <a href="#Page_85">85</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">arrest of, <a href="#Page_88">88</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">sentence on, <a href="#Page_97">97</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">and the Riel Rebellion, <a href="#Page_98">98</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">last days of, <a href="#Page_99">99</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">O’Reilly, John Boyle, arrival in America of, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">at invasion of Canada, <a href="#Page_88">88</a>.</li> - - -<li class="ifrst">Parnell, Mr., and the New Departure, <a href="#Page_144">144</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">arrival in America, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">supported everywhere by Clan-na-Gael representatives, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">returns to Ireland for General Election, <a href="#Page_151">151</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">Devoy on position of, with regard to Clan-na-Gael, <a href="#Page_157">157</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">my first meeting with, <a href="#Page_171">171</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">House of Commons interview with, <a href="#Page_175">175</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">gives me his portrait, <a href="#Page_177">177</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">his request to me carried out, <a href="#Page_190">190</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">and Kilmainham Treaty, <a href="#Page_210">210</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">cables to American supporters, <a href="#Page_212">212</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">subsequent references to, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>, <a href="#Page_235">235</a>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>, <a href="#Page_255">255</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Powderly, J. V., speech at Dynamite Convention, <a href="#Page_201">201</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">at Land League Convention, <a href="#Page_206">206</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Phœnix Park murders, Clan-na-Gael and Devoy and, <a href="#Page_207">207</a>.</li> - - -<li class="ifrst">Rebow, Mr. John, communicates my letters regarding Canadian invasion to Government, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">arranges for my joining Secret Service, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Revolutionary Directory of Clan-na-Gael, details regarding, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">Devoy supplies particulars regarding plans of, <a href="#Page_155">155</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">referred to with respect to Mr. Parnell’s complaint regarding Irish Republican Brotherhood, <a href="#Page_186">186</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">complaints regarding, <a href="#Page_188">188</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Reynolds, James, details regarding, and his connection with Clan-na-Gael, <a href="#Page_122">122</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">trustee of Skirmishing Fund, <a href="#Page_136">136</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Russia, Clan-na-Gael alliance with, <a href="#Page_140">140</a>.</li> - - -<li class="ifrst">Secret Service, I join the, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">general references to, <a href="#Page_273">273-276</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sheridan, P. J., in Kilmainham Prison, <a href="#Page_179">179</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">arrival of, in America, <a href="#Page_209">209</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Skirmishing Fund and O’Donovan Rossa, <a href="#Page_121">121</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">advocated in <cite>Irish World</cite>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">and Clan-na-Gael, <a href="#Page_136">136</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">pays for expenses of Devoy and Millen in Ireland, <a href="#Page_149">149</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">statement of accounts of, from <cite>Irish World</cite>, <a href="#Page_193">193</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx"><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_311"></a>[311]</span>Special Commission, my offer of evidence for, <a href="#Page_259">259</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">I appear as a witness at, <a href="#Page_269">269</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Speech, my first Irish, <a href="#Page_55">55</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stephens, James, brought from France for Irish Confederation, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">my first meeting with, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">story of his escape from Richmond Bridewell, <a href="#Page_164">164</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Stone of Destiny, plot to obtain, <a href="#Page_224">224</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sullivan, Alexander, my first meeting with, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">the early career of, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">manipulation of the Irish vote in America by, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">appointed collector of internal revenue at Santa Fé, <a href="#Page_65">65</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">reporter in Chicago, <a href="#Page_65">65</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">further details regarding, and his connection with Clan-na-Gael in 1876, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">supplies details of “active” work of Clan-na-Gael, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">my report to, regarding Mr. Parnell’s views, <a href="#Page_184">184</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">informs me result of same, <a href="#Page_185">185</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">elected president of Clan-na-Gael, <a href="#Page_191">191</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">trip to Europe, <a href="#Page_191">191</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">at Dynamite Convention, <a href="#Page_203">203</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">elected president of Land League, <a href="#Page_212">212</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">supplies particulars of Dynamite Campaign of 1883, <a href="#Page_217">217</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">charged with misappropriation, <a href="#Page_219">219</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">at war with Cronin and Devoy, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">Mr. Sexton’s tribute to, <a href="#Page_228">228</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">and J. G. Blaine’s candidature, <a href="#Page_235">235</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">tried and acquitted but censured in connection with Cronin’s charges, <a href="#Page_261">261</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">proved to have received £20,000 from Egan in Paris in 1882, <a href="#Page_263">263</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">alleged connection with Cronin murder, <a href="#IIapp">Appendix</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Sullivan, A. M., the late, reference to, <a href="#Page_170">170</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">cautioned regarding, <a href="#Page_177">177</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">story about Mr. Biggar, <a href="#Page_178">178</a>.</li> - - -<li class="ifrst">“Times,” the, my first dealings with, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Triangle, the, formed in connection with split in Clan-na-Gael, <a href="#Page_220">220</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">acknowledgments of money received by, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>;</li> -<li class="isub1">charges against, <a href="#Page_232">232</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">Tynan, P. J., No. One of the Phœnix Park murders, present at Boston Convention, <a href="#Page_228">228</a>.</li> - - -<li class="ifrst">“United Irishmen,” the, of New York, <a href="#Page_107">107</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">“United Brotherhood,” reference to, <a href="#Page_110">110</a>.</li> - -<li class="indx">“U. S.,” formation of, <a href="#Page_219">219</a>.</li> - - -<li class="ifrst">“V. C.” See “<a href="#CLA">Clan-na-Gael</a>.”</li> - - -<li class="ifrst">Walsh, R. P., the father of the Clan-na-Gael, <a href="#Page_108">108</a>.</li> -</ul> - - -<p class="p4 pfs80">THE   END.</p> - -<hr class="r50"> -<p class="pfs60">PRINTED BY BALLANTYNE, HANSON AND CO.<br> -EDINBURGH AND LONDON</p> - - -<div class="footnotes"><h2>FOOTNOTES:</h2> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_1" href="#FNanchor_1" class="label">[1]</a> I was not the only member of the family fighting for Queen and -country then. Two others of my brothers entered the army at home. -One is to-day a commissioned officer in South Africa; the other, poor -fellow, left his bones to whiten on the battlefield of Tel-el-Kebir.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_2" href="#FNanchor_2" class="label">[2]</a> The Irish for “Do you understand?”</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_3" href="#FNanchor_3" class="label">[3]</a> As this same Daly has more than once been the subject of lengthy -debates in Parliament, and his release demanded by the Irish members -on the ground of his being the victim of a wrong conviction, I think it -well to state that his sentence and the subsequent refusal of the Home -Secretary to accede to these demands, were based on letters written -by him to the notorious J. J. Breslin of the Revolutionary Committee of -the Clan-na-Gael, and now in existence among the records of the Home -Office.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_4" href="#FNanchor_4" class="label">[4]</a> See <a href="#Iapp">Appendix (i.)</a>.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_5" href="#FNanchor_5" class="label">[5]</a> John Devoy, in the course of a speech delivered at Cheltenham Beach -prior to the death of Mr. Parnell, made the following statement as regards -the Cronin affair:—</p> - -<p>“The men to whom I refer and whom I charge to be in alliance with -the men who instigated the murder of Dr. Cronin, are Michael Davitt and -John O’Connor, one of the members from Tipperary. (Cheers and cries of -Hear, hear). I say here that there is a combination between the coterie -which brought about the murder of Dr. Cronin and the Davitt clique in -Ireland, to oust Mr. Parnell from the leadership and place Michael Davitt -in his place. In Michael Davitt’s sworn testimony before the Parnell -Commission, he said, I sought out John Devoy, because I heard he was -going to make trouble in the Convention, so that I might learn his plans -and frustrate them.’ I am glad of that admission from Michael Davitt -himself, and for the payment of a thousand dollars given to him for one -speech in Ogden’s Grove, and the full proceeds of a lecture tour given -throughout the United States under the auspices of the Triangle. The -Cronin murder was as much a part of the infamous work of this alliance to -down Parnell, and to down every man in this country who believes in -giving his movements a fair, full, and reasonable trial, as the puffs of -Michael Davitt at a thousand a puff.”</p> - -<p>In corroboration of Devoy’s statement, I find in the financial report of -the Clan-na-Gael the sum of one thousand dollars charged; and while Mr. -Davitt had for some years disassociated himself from the party of violence, -he does not appear to have been averse to receiving a portion of their -spoils. Mr. Davitt may plead, as other well-known Irish patriots have done, -that he did not know the source from whence this money was derived; but no -man was in a better position to have found out than he, had he so desired.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_6" href="#FNanchor_6" class="label">[6]</a> See <a href="#IIapp">Appendix (ii.)</a>.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_7" href="#FNanchor_7" class="label">[7]</a> The Coroner’s jury brought in a verdict of “wilful murder” against -Alex. Sullivan, and he was formally arrested, but subsequently released, -for want of sufficient evidence against him.</p> - -</div> -</div> - - -<hr class="fulla x-ebookmaker-drop"> -<div class="chapter"></div> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_1cat"></a>[1]</span></p> - -<p class="fs80 antiqua">Telegraphic Address:</p> -<p class="fs80 pad3"><em>Sunlocks, London</em>.</p> - -<p class="right fs80"><em><span class="smcap">21 Bedford Street, w.c.<br> -October 1892.</span></em>    </p> - - -<p class="p4 pfs120">A LIST OF</p> - -<p class="p1 pfs150 smcap">Mr WILLIAM HEINEMANN’S</p> - -<p class="p1 pfs180 smcap">Publications</p> - -<p class="p2 pfs60">AND</p> - -<p class="pfs180 smcap">Forthcoming Works</p> - - -<p class="negin"> -<em>The Books mentioned in this List can -be obtained</em> to order <em>by any Bookseller -if not in stock, or will be sent -by the Publisher post free on receipt -of price</em>.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_2cat"></a>[2]</span></p> -<h2 class="nobreak antiqua" id="Index_of_Authors">Index of Authors.</h2> -</div> - -<ul class="index fs80"> -<li class="ifrst">Alexander, <a href="#Page_13cat">13</a></li> -<li class="indx">Arbuthnot, <a href="#Page_8cat">8</a></li> -<li class="indx">Atherton, <a href="#Page_13cat">13</a></li> - -<li class="ifrst">Balestier, <a href="#Page_9cat">9</a></li> -<li class="indx">Barrett, <a href="#Page_9cat">9</a></li> -<li class="indx">Behrs, <a href="#Page_3cat">3</a></li> -<li class="indx">Bendall, <a href="#Page_16cat">16</a></li> -<li class="indx">Björnson, <a href="#Page_9cat">9</a>, <a href="#Page_11cat">11</a>, <a href="#Page_12cat">12</a>, <a href="#Page_15cat">15</a></li> -<li class="indx">Bowen, <a href="#Page_5cat">5</a></li> -<li class="indx">Brown, <a href="#Page_8cat">8</a></li> -<li class="indx">Brown and Griffiths, <a href="#Page_16cat">16</a></li> -<li class="indx">Buchanan, <a href="#Page_8cat">8</a>, <a href="#Page_9cat">9</a>, <a href="#Page_10cat">10</a>, <a href="#Page_14cat">14</a></li> -<li class="indx">Butler, <a href="#Page_5cat">5</a></li> - -<li class="ifrst">Caine, <a href="#Page_8cat">8</a>, <a href="#Page_12cat">12</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Caine, <a href="#Page_16cat">16</a></li> -<li class="indx">Cambridge, <a href="#Page_9cat">9</a>, <a href="#Page_12cat">12</a></li> -<li class="indx">Chester, <a href="#Page_7cat">7</a></li> -<li class="indx">Clarke, <a href="#Page_9cat">9</a></li> -<li class="indx">Colomb, <a href="#Page_6cat">6</a></li> -<li class="indx">Compayre, <a href="#Page_5cat">5</a></li> -<li class="indx">Couperus, <a href="#Page_11cat">11</a></li> - -<li class="ifrst">Davidson, <a href="#Page_5cat">5</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Dawson, <a href="#Page_16cat">16</a></li> -<li class="indx">De Quincey, <a href="#Page_7cat">7</a></li> -<li class="indx">Dilke, <a href="#Page_6cat">6</a></li> - -<li class="ifrst">Eeden, <a href="#Page_6cat">6</a></li> - -<li class="indx">Ellwanger, <a href="#Page_7cat">7</a></li> -<li class="indx">Ely, <a href="#Page_8cat">8</a></li> - -<li class="ifrst">Farrar, <a href="#Page_7cat">7</a></li> -<li class="indx">Fitch, <a href="#Page_5cat">5</a></li> -<li class="indx">Forbes, <a href="#Page_6cat">6</a></li> -<li class="indx">Fothergill, <a href="#Page_9cat">9</a></li> -<li class="indx">Franzos, <a href="#Page_11cat">11</a></li> -<li class="indx">Frederic, <a href="#Page_6cat">6</a>, <a href="#Page_13cat">13</a></li> - -<li class="ifrst">Garner, <a href="#Page_6cat">6</a></li> -<li class="indx">Garnett, <a href="#Page_6cat">6</a></li> -<li class="indx">Gilchrist, <a href="#Page_9cat">9</a></li> -<li class="indx">Gore, <a href="#Page_16cat">16</a></li> -<li class="indx">Gosse, <a href="#Page_7cat">7</a>, <a href="#Page_9cat">9</a></li> -<li class="indx">Gray, <a href="#Page_7cat">7</a></li> -<li class="indx">Gray (Maxwell), <a href="#Page_9cat">9</a></li> -<li class="indx">Griffiths, <a href="#Page_16cat">16</a></li> - -<li class="ifrst">Hall, <a href="#Page_16cat">16</a></li> -<li class="indx">Harland, <a href="#Page_9cat">9</a></li> -<li class="indx">Hardy, <a href="#Page_12cat">12</a></li> -<li class="indx">Heine, <a href="#Page_4cat">4</a></li> -<li class="indx">Henderson, <a href="#Page_6cat">6</a></li> -<li class="indx">Henderson, <a href="#Page_14cat">14</a></li> -<li class="indx">Howard, <a href="#Page_10cat">10</a></li> -<li class="indx">Hughes, <a href="#Page_5cat">5</a></li> -<li class="indx">Hungerford, <a href="#Page_10cat">10</a>, <a href="#Page_13cat">13</a></li> - -<li class="ifrst">Ibsen, <a href="#Page_15cat">15</a></li> -<li class="indx">Irving, <a href="#Page_6cat">6</a></li> -<li class="indx">Ingersoll, <a href="#Page_8cat">8</a></li> -<li class="indx">Jæger, <a href="#Page_7cat">7</a>, <a href="#Page_15cat">15</a></li> -<li class="indx">Jeaffreson, <a href="#Page_3cat">3</a></li> - -<li class="ifrst">Kimball, <a href="#Page_16cat">16</a></li> -<li class="indx">Kipling and Balestier, <a href="#Page_9cat">9</a></li> - -<li class="ifrst">Lanza, <a href="#Page_13cat">13</a></li> -<li class="indx">Le Caron, <a href="#Page_3cat">3</a></li> -<li class="indx">Lee, <a href="#Page_10cat">10</a></li> -<li class="indx">Leland, <a href="#Page_16cat">16</a></li> -<li class="indx">Lie, <a href="#Page_12cat">12</a></li> -<li class="indx">Lowe, <a href="#Page_6cat">6</a></li> -<li class="indx">Lynch, <a href="#Page_13cat">13</a></li> - -<li class="ifrst">Maartens, <a href="#Page_10cat">10</a></li> -<li class="indx">Maeterlinck, <a href="#Page_15cat">15</a></li> -<li class="indx">Maude, <a href="#Page_6cat">6</a></li> -<li class="indx">Maupassant, <a href="#Page_11cat">11</a></li> -<li class="indx">Maurice, <a href="#Page_6cat">6</a></li> -<li class="indx">Mitford, <a href="#Page_13cat">13</a></li> -<li class="indx">Murray, <a href="#Page_6cat">6</a></li> - -<li class="ifrst">Norris, <a href="#Page_9cat">9</a></li> - -<li class="ifrst">Ouida, <a href="#Page_9cat">9</a></li> - -<li class="ifrst">Palacio-Valdés, <a href="#Page_11cat">11</a></li> -<li class="indx">Pearce, <a href="#Page_10cat">10</a></li> -<li class="indx">Pennell, <a href="#Page_6cat">6</a></li> -<li class="indx">Philips, <a href="#Page_14cat">14</a></li> -<li class="indx">Phelps, <a href="#Page_13cat">13</a></li> -<li class="indx">Pinero, <a href="#Page_14cat">14</a></li> - -<li class="ifrst">Rawnsley, <a href="#Page_8cat">8</a></li> -<li class="indx">Richter, <a href="#Page_7cat">7</a></li> -<li class="indx">Riddell, <a href="#Page_9cat">9</a></li> -<li class="indx">Rives, <a href="#Page_10cat">10</a></li> -<li class="indx">Roberts, <a href="#Page_8cat">8</a></li> -<li class="indx">Roberts (V.), <a href="#Page_12cat">12</a></li> -<li class="indx">Robinson, <a href="#Page_14cat">14</a></li> - -<li class="ifrst">Salaman, <a href="#Page_7cat">7</a></li> -<li class="indx">Scudamore, <a href="#Page_6cat">6</a></li> -<li class="indx">Serao, <a href="#Page_11cat">11</a></li> -<li class="indx">Sienkiewicz, <a href="#Page_12cat">12</a></li> - -<li class="ifrst">Tasma, <a href="#Page_9cat">9</a>, <a href="#Page_10cat">10</a>, <a href="#Page_13cat">13</a></li> -<li class="indx">Terry, <a href="#Page_6cat">6</a></li> -<li class="indx">Thurston, <a href="#Page_16cat">16</a></li> -<li class="indx">Tolstoy, <a href="#Page_3cat">3</a>, <a href="#Page_11cat">11</a>, <a href="#Page_15cat">15</a></li> -<li class="indx">Tree, <a href="#Page_15cat">15</a></li> - -<li class="ifrst">Valera, <a href="#Page_12cat">12</a></li> - -<li class="ifrst">Warden, <a href="#Page_13cat">13</a></li> -<li class="indx">Waugh, <a href="#Page_4cat">4</a></li> -<li class="indx">Weitemeyer, <a href="#Page_8cat">8</a></li> -<li class="indx">West, <a href="#Page_5cat">5</a></li> -<li class="indx">Whistler, <a href="#Page_6cat">6</a></li> -<li class="indx">Whitman, <a href="#Page_3cat">3</a>, <a href="#Page_8cat">8</a></li> -<li class="indx">Williams, <a href="#Page_7cat">7</a></li> -<li class="indx">Wood, <a href="#Page_9cat">9</a></li> - -<li class="ifrst">Zangwill, <a href="#Page_6cat">6</a>, <a href="#Page_9cat">9</a></li> -<li class="indx">Zola, <a href="#Page_9cat">9</a></li> -</ul> - - -<div class="chapter"></div> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_3cat"></a>[3]</span></p> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<p class="pfs150">VICTORIA:</p> - -<p class="pfs110">QUEEN AND EMPRESS.</p> - -<p class="pfs60">BY</p> - -<p class="pfs110 lsp2">JOHN CORDY JEAFFRESON,</p> - -<p class="pfs70">Author of “The Real Lord Byron,” etc.</p> - -<p class="pfs70">In Two Volumes, 8vo. With Portraits.     [<em>In October.</em></p> - - -<hr class="tb"> - -<p class="pfs150">TWENTY-FIVE YEARS IN THE<br> -SECRET SERVICE.</p> - -<p class="pfs100"><em>THE RECOLLECTIONS OF A SPY.</em></p> - -<p class="pfs60">BY</p> - -<p class="pfs110">MAJOR LE CARON.</p> - -<p class="pfs70">In One Volume, 8vo. With Portraits and Facsimiles. Price, 14<em>s.</em></p> - - -<hr class="tb"> - -<p class="pfs150">REMINISCENCES OF<br> -COUNT LEO NICHOLAEVITCH<br> -TOLSTOI.</p> - -<p class="pfs60">BY</p> - -<p class="pfs110">C. A. BEHRS,</p> - -<p class="pfs60">TRANSLATED FROM THE RUSSIAN BY</p> - -<p class="pfs100 lsp2">PROFESSOR C. E. TURNER.</p> - -<p class="pfs70">In One Volume, Crown 8vo.     [<em>In October.</em></p> - - -<hr class="tb"> - -<p class="pfs150">THE REALM <span class="allsmcap">OF THE</span> HABSBURGS</p> - -<p class="pfs60">BY</p> - -<p class="pfs100 lsp2">SIDNEY WHITMAN,</p> - -<p class="pfs70">Author of “Imperial Germany.”</p> - -<p class="pfs70">In One Volume. Crown 8vo.     [<em>In November.</em></p> - - -<hr class="tb"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_4cat"></a>[4]</span></p> - -<p class="pfs150">ALFRED, LORD TENNYSON:</p> - -<p class="pfs90"><em>A STUDY OF HIS LIFE AND WORK</em>.</p> - -<p class="pfs60">BY</p> - -<p class="pfs100">ARTHUR WAUGH, B.A. <span class="smcap">Oxon.</span></p> - -<p class="pfs70">WITH TWENTY-ONE ILLUSTRATIONS.</p> - -<p class="pfs90"><em>From Photographs Specially Taken for this Work, -and Two Portraits.</em></p> - -<p class="pfs80">In One Volume, Demy 8vo, 10<em>s.</em> 6<em>d.</em></p> - -<p class="fs70"><span class="smcap">Contents</span>:—Lincolnshire—Cambridge—Literary troubles and -Arthur Hallam’s Death—Early Years in London—The Beginnings of -Fame—From <em>The Princess</em> to <em>In Memoriam</em>—<em>Maud</em>—<em>Idylls of the -King</em>—From the <em>Idylls</em> to the Dramas—<em>Queen Mary</em> and <em>Harold</em>—<em>The -Falcon</em> and <em>The Cup</em>—<em>The Promise of May</em> and <em>Becket</em>—From <em>Tiresias</em> -to <em>Demeter</em>—The Closing Years—The Voice of the Age.</p> - - -<hr class="tb"> - -<p class="negin1"><b>THE WORKS OF HEINRICH HEINE.</b> <span class="fs90">Translated -by <span class="smcap">Charles Godfrey Leland</span>, M.A., F.R.L.S. (Hans Breitmann.) -Crown 8vo, cloth, 5<em>s.</em> per Volume.</span></p> - -<p class="negin2">I. FLORENTINE NIGHTS, SCHNABELEWOPSKI, -THE RABBI OF BACHARACH, and SHAKESPEARE’S -MAIDENS AND WOMEN.     [<em>Ready.</em></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Times.</cite>—“We can recommend no better medium for making acquaintance -at first hand with ‘the German Aristophanes’ than the works of Heinrich -Heine, translated by Charles Godfrey Leland. Mr. Leland manages pretty -successfully to preserve the easy grace of the original.”</p> - -<p class="negin2">II., III. PICTURES OF TRAVEL. 1823-1828. In Two Volumes.     [<em>Ready.</em></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Daily Chronicle.</cite>—“Mr. Leland’s translation of ‘The Pictures of Travel’ -is one of the acknowledged literary feats of the age. As a traveller Heine is -delicious beyond description, and a volume which includes the magnificent -Lucca series, the North Sea, the memorable Hartz wanderings, must needs -possess an everlasting charm.”</p> - -<p class="negin2">IV. THE BOOK OF SONGS.     [<em>In the Press.</em></p> - -<p class="negin2">V., VI. GERMANY. In Two Volumes.     [<em>Ready</em>.</p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Daily Telegraph.</cite>—“Mr. Leland has done his translation in able and -scholarly fashion.”</p> - -<p class="negin2">VII., VIII. FRENCH AFFAIRS. In Two Volumes.     [<em>In the Press.</em></p> - -<p class="negin2">IX. THE SALON.     [<em>In preparation.</em></p> - -<p class="fs70">*** <em>Large Paper Edition, limited to 100 Numbered Copies. Particulars on -application.</em></p> - - -<div class="chapter"></div> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_5cat"></a>[5]</span></p> -<hr class="tb x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<p class="pfs135 antiqua"><b>The Great Educators.</b></p> - -<p class="negin1"><em>A Series of Volumes by Eminent Writers, presenting in their -entirety “A Biographical History of Education.”</em></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>The Times.</cite>—“A Series of Monographs on ‘The Great Educators’ should -prove of service to all who concern themselves with the history, theory, and -practice of education.”</p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>The Speaker.</cite>—“There is a promising sound about the title of Mr. Heinemann’s -new series, ‘The Great Educators.’ It should help to allay the hunger -and thirst for knowledge and culture of the vast multitude of young men and -maidens which our educational system turns out yearly, provided at least with -an appetite for instruction.”</p> - -<p class="pfs70">Each subject will form a complete volume, crown 8vo, 5<em>s.</em></p> - - -<p class="p1 pfs70"><em>Now ready.</em></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>ARISTOTLE, and the Ancient Educational Ideals.</b> <span class="fs90">By -<span class="smcap">Thomas Davidson</span>, M.A., LL.D.</span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>The Times.</cite>—“A very readable sketch of a very interesting subject.”</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>LOYOLA, and the Educational System of the Jesuits.</b> <span class="fs90">By -Rev. <span class="smcap">Thomas Hughes</span>, S.J.</span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Saturday Review.</cite>—“Full of valuable information.... If a schoolmaster -would learn how the education of the young can be carried on so as to -confer real dignity on those engaged in it, we recommend him to read Mr. -Hughes’ book.”</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>ALCUIN, and the Rise of the Christian Schools</b>. <span class="fs90">By -Professor <span class="smcap">Andrew F. West</span>, Ph.D.     [<em>In October.</em></span></p> - -<p class="p1 pfs70"><em>In preparation.</em></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>ABELARD, and the Origin and Early History of Universities.</b> -<span class="fs90">By <span class="smcap">Jules Gabriel Compayre</span>, Professor in the Faculty of -Toulouse.</span></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>ROUSSEAU; or, Education according to Nature</b>.</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>HERBART; or, Modern German Education.</b></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>PESTALOZZI; or, the Friend and Student of Children.</b></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>FROEBEL.</b> <span class="smcap">By H. Courthope Bowen</span>, M.A.</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>HORACE MANN, and Public Education in the United -States.</b> By <span class="smcap">Nicholas Murray Butler</span>, Ph.D.</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>BELL, LANCASTER, and ARNOLD; or, the English -Education of To-Day.</b> <span class="fs90">By <span class="smcap">J. G. Fitch</span>, LL.D., Her Majesty’s Inspector -of Schools.</span></p> - -<p class="p1 pfs70"><em>Others to follow.</em></p> - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_6cat"></a>[6]</span></p> - -<hr class="tb"> - -<p class="negin1"><b>THE GREAT WAR OF 189-. A Forecast.</b> <span class="fs90">By <span class="smcap">Rear-Admiral -Colomb</span>, <span class="smcap">Col. Maurice</span>, R.A., <span class="smcap">Major Henderson</span>, <span class="smcap">Staff -College</span>, <span class="smcap">Captain Maude</span>, <span class="smcap">Archibald Forbes</span>, <span class="smcap">Charles Lowe</span>, -<span class="smcap">D. Christie Murray</span>, <span class="smcap">F. Scudamore</span>, and <span class="smcap">Sir Charles Dilke</span>. In -One Volume, 4to, Illustrated.     [<em>Nearly ready.</em></span></p> - -<p class="fs70">In this narrative, which is reprinted from the pages of <cite>Black and White</cite>, -an attempt is made to forecast the course of events preliminary and incidental -to the Great War which, in the opinion of military and political experts, will -probably occur in the immediate future.</p> - -<p class="fs70">The writers, who are well-known authorities on international politics and -strategy, have striven to derive the conflict from its most likely source, to -conceive the most probable campaigns and acts of policy, and generally to give -to their work the verisimilitude and actuality of real warfare. The work has -been profusely illustrated from sketches by Mr. Frederic Villiers, the well-known -war artist.</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>THE GENTLE ART OF MAKING ENEMIES.</b> <span class="fs90">As -pleasingly exemplified in many instances, wherein the serious ones of this -earth, carefully exasperated, have been prettily spurred on to indiscretions -and unseemliness, while overcome by an undue sense of right. By -<span class="smcap">J. M‘Neil Whistler</span>. <em>A New Edition.</em> Pott 4to, half cloth, 10<em>s.</em> 6<em>d.</em>     [<em>Just ready.</em></span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Punch.</cite>—“The book in itself, in its binding, print and arrangement, is a -work of art.... A work of rare humour, a thing of beauty and a joy for now -and ever.”</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>THE JEW AT HOME.</b> <span class="fs90">Impressions of a Summer and -Autumn Spent with Him in Austria and Russia. By <span class="smcap">Joseph Pennell</span>. -With Illustrations by the Author. 4to, cloth, 5<em>s.</em>     [<em>Just ready.</em></span></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>THE NEW EXODUS.</b> <span class="fs90">A Study of Israel in Russia. By -<span class="smcap">Harold Frederic</span>. Demy 8vo, Illustrated. 16<em>s.</em>     [<em>Just ready.</em></span></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>PRINCE BISMARCK.</b> <span class="fs90">An Historical Biography. By -<span class="smcap">Charles Lowe</span>, M.A. With Portraits. Crown 8vo, 6<em>s.</em>     [<em>Just ready.</em></span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>The Times.</cite>—“Is unquestionably the first important work which deals, -fully and with some approach to exhaustiveness, with the career of Bismarck -from both the personal and the historical points of view.”</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>ADDRESSES.</b> <span class="fs90">By <span class="smcap">Henry Irving</span>. Small crown 8vo. -With Portrait by <span class="smcap">J. M‘N. Whistler</span>.     [<em>In the Press.</em></span></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>STRAY MEMORIES.</b> <span class="fs90">By <span class="smcap">Ellen Terry</span>. 4to. With -Portraits.     [<em>In preparation.</em></span></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>LITTLE JOHANNES.</b> <span class="fs90">By <span class="smcap">Frederick van Eeden</span>. Translated -from the Dutch by <span class="smcap">Clara Bell</span>. With an Introduction by -<span class="smcap">Andrew Lang</span>. Illustrated.     [<em>In preparation.</em></span></p> - -<p class="pfs70">*** <em>Also a Large Paper Edition.</em></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>LIFE OF HEINRICH HEINE.</b> <span class="fs90">By <span class="smcap">Richard Garnett</span>, -LL.D. With Portrait. Crown 8vo (uniform with the translation of Heine’s -Works).     [<em>In preparation.</em></span></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>THE SPEECH OF MONKEYS.</b> <span class="fs90">By Professor <span class="smcap">R. L. -Garner</span>. Crown 8vo, 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>     [<i>Just ready.</i></span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Daily Chronicle.</cite>—“A real, a remarkable, contribution to our common -knowledge.”</p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Daily Telegraph.</cite>—“An entertaining book.”</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>THE OLD MAIDS’ CLUB.</b> <span class="fs90">By <span class="smcap">I. Zangwill</span>, Author of -“The Bachelors’ Club.” Illustrated by <span class="smcap">F. H. Townsend</span>. Crown 8vo, -cloth, 3<em>s.</em> 6<em>d.</em></span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>National Review.</cite>—“Mr. Zangwill has a very bright and a very original -humour, and every page of this closely printed book is full of point and go, and -full, too, of a healthy satire that is really humorously applied common-sense.”</p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Athenæum.</cite>—“Most strongly to be recommended to all classes of readers.”</p> - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_7cat"></a>[7]</span></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>WOMAN—THROUGH A MAN’S EYEGLASS.</b> <span class="fs90">By -<span class="smcap">Malcolm C. Salaman</span>. With Illustrations by <span class="smcap">Dudley Hardy</span>. Crown -8vo, cloth, 3<em>s.</em> 6<em>d.</em></span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Daily Graphic.</cite>—“A most amusing book.”</p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Daily Telegraph.</cite>—“Written with brightness and elegance, and with -touches of both caustic satire and kindly humour.”</p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Daily Chronicle.</cite>—“It is the very thing for a punt cushion or a garden -hammock.”</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>GIRLS AND WOMEN.</b> <span class="fs90">By <span class="smcap">E. Chester</span>. Pott 8vo, cloth, -2<em>s.</em> 6<em>d.</em>, or gilt extra, 3<em>s.</em> 6<em>d.</em></span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Literary World.</cite>—“We gladly commend this delightful little work.”</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>GOSSIP IN A LIBRARY.</b> <span class="fs90">By <span class="smcap">Edmund Gosse</span>, Author of -“Northern Studies,” &c. Second Edition. Crown 8vo, buckram, gilt top, -7<em>s.</em> 6<em>d.</em></span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Athenæum.</cite>—“There is a touch of Leigh Hunt in this picture of the book-lover -among his books, and the volume is one that Leigh Hunt would have -delighted in.”</p> - -<p class="pfs70">*** <em>Large Paper Edition, limited to 100 Numbered Copies, 25s. net.</em></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>THE LIFE OF HENRIK IBSEN.</b> <span class="fs90">By <span class="smcap">Henrik Jæger</span>. -Translated by <span class="smcap">Clara Bell</span>. With the Verse done into English from the -Norwegian Original by <span class="smcap">Edmund Gosse</span>. Crown 8vo, cloth, 6<em>s.</em></span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Academy.</cite>—“We welcome it heartily. An unqualified boon to the many -English students of Ibsen.”</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>DE QUINCEY MEMORIALS.</b> <span class="fs90">Being Letters and other -Records here first Published, with Communications from <span class="smcap">Coleridge</span>, The -<span class="smcap">Wordsworths</span>, <span class="smcap">Hannah More</span>, <span class="smcap">Professor Wilson</span> and others. Edited, -with Introduction, Notes, and Narrative, by <span class="smcap">Alexander H. Japp</span>, LL.D. -F.R.S.E. In two volumes, demy 8vo, cloth, with portraits, 30<em>s.</em> net.</span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Daily Telegraph.</cite>—“Few works of greater literary interest have of late years -issued from the press than the two volumes of ‘De Quincey Memorials.’”</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>THE POSTHUMOUS WORKS OF THOMAS DE -QUINCEY.</b> <span class="fs90">Edited with Introduction and Notes from the Author’s -Original MSS., by <span class="smcap">Alexander H. Japp</span>, LL.D, F.R.S.E., &c. Crown -8vo, cloth, 6<em>s.</em> each.</span></p> - -<p class="negin2">I. SUSPIRIA DE PROFUNDIS. With other Essays.</p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Times.</cite>—“Here we have De Quincey at his best. Will be welcome to -lovers of De Quincey and good literature.”</p> - -<p class="negin2">II. CONVERSATION AND COLERIDGE. With other -Essays.     [<em>In preparation.</em></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>THE WORD OF THE LORD UPON THE WATERS.</b> -<span class="fs90">Sermons read by His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of Germany, while -at Sea on his Voyages to the Land of the Midnight Sun. Composed by -Dr. <span class="smcap">Richter</span>, Army Chaplain, and Translated from the German by <span class="smcap">John -R. McIlraith</span>. 4to, cloth, 2<em>s.</em> 6<em>d.</em></span></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>THE HOURS OF RAPHAEL, IN OUTLINE.</b> -<span class="fs90">Together with the Ceiling of the Hall where they were originally painted. -By <span class="smcap">Mary E. Williams</span>. Folio, cloth, £2 2<em>s.</em> net.</span></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>THE PASSION PLAY AT OBERAMMERGAU, 1890.</b> -<span class="fs90">By <span class="smcap">F. W. Farrar</span>, D.D., F.R.S., Archdeacon and Canon of Westminster, -&c. &c. 4to, cloth, 2<em>s.</em> 6<em>d.</em></span></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>THE GARDEN’S STORY</b>; <span class="fs90">or, Pleasures and Trials of an -Amateur Gardener. By <span class="smcap">G. H. Ellwanger</span>. With an Introduction by the -Rev. <span class="smcap">C. Wolley Dod</span>. 12mo, cloth, with Illustrations, 5<em>s.</em></span></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>IDLE MUSINGS</b>: Essays in Social Mosaic. By <span class="smcap">E. Conder -Gray</span>, Author of “Wise Words and Loving Deeds,” &c. &c. Crown 8vo, -cloth, 6<em>s.</em></p> - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_8cat"></a>[8]</span></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>THE COMING TERROR.</b> <span class="fs90">And other Essays and Letters. -By <span class="smcap">Robert Buchanan</span>. Second Edition. Demy 8vo, cloth, 12<em>s.</em> 6<em>d.</em></span></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>ARABIC AUTHORS</b>: <span class="fs90">A Manual of Arabian History and -Literature. By <span class="smcap">F. F. Arbuthnot</span>, M.R.A.S., Author of “Early Ideas,” -“Persian Portraits,” &c. 8vo, cloth, 10<em>s.</em></span></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>THE LABOUR MOVEMENT IN AMERICA.</b> <span class="fs90">By -<span class="smcap">Richard T. Ely</span>, Ph.D., Associate in Political Economy, Johns Hopkins -University. Crown 8vo, cloth, 5<em>s.</em></span></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>THE LITTLE MANX NATION.</b> <span class="fs90">(Lectures delivered at -the Royal Institution, 1891.) By <span class="smcap">Hall Caine</span>, Author of “The Bondman,” -“The Scapegoat,” &c. Crown 8vo, cloth, 3<em>s.</em> 6<em>d.</em>; paper, 2<em>s.</em> 6<em>d.</em></span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>World.</cite>—“Mr. Hall Caine takes us back to the days of old romance, and, -treating tradition and history in the pictorial style of which he is a master, he -gives us a monograph of Man especially acceptable.”</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>NOTES FOR THE NILE.</b> <span class="fs90">Together with a Metrical -Rendering of the Hymns of Ancient Egypt and of the Precepts of Ptahhotep -(the oldest book in the world). By <span class="smcap">Hardwicke D. Rawnsley</span>, M.A. -16mo, cloth, 5<em>s.</em></span></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>DENMARK</b>: <span class="fs90">Its History, Topography, Language, Literature, -Fine Arts, Social Life, and Finance. Edited by <span class="smcap">H. Weitemeyer</span>. Demy -8vo, cloth, with Map, 12<em>s.</em> 6<em>d.</em></span></p> - -<p class="pfs70">*** <em>Dedicated, by permission, to H.R.H. the Princess of Wales.</em></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>IMPERIAL GERMANY.</b> <span class="fs90">A Critical Study of Fact and -Character. By <span class="smcap">Sidney Whitman</span>. New Edition, Revised and Enlarged. -Crown 8vo, cloth 2<em>s.</em> 6<em>d.</em>; paper, 2<em>s.</em></span></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>THE CANADIAN GUIDE-BOOK.</b> <span class="fs90">Part I. The Tourist’s -and Sportsman’s Guide to Eastern Canada and Newfoundland, including full -descriptions of Routes, Cities, Points of Interest, Summer Resorts, Fishing -Places, &c., in Eastern Ontario, The Muskoka District, The St. Lawrence -Region, The Lake St. John Country, The Maritime Provinces, Prince -Edward Island, and Newfoundland. With an Appendix giving Fish and -Game Laws, and Official Lists of Trout and Salmon Rivers and their -Lessees. By <span class="smcap">Charles G. D. Roberts</span>, Professor of English Literature in -King’s College, Windsor, N.S. With Maps and many Illustrations. -Crown 8vo, limp cloth, 6<em>s.</em></span></p> - -<p class="negin1">   Part II. <b>WESTERN CANADA.</b> <span class="fs90">Including the Peninsula -and Northern Regions of Ontario, the Canadian Shores of the Great -Lakes, the Lake of the Woods Region, Manitoba and “The Great -North-West,” The Canadian Rocky Mountains and National Park, -British Columbia, and Vancouver Island. By <span class="smcap">Ernest Ingersoll</span>. With -Maps and many Illustrations. Crown 8vo, limp cloth.     [<em>In preparation.</em></span></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>THE GENESIS OF THE UNITED STATES.</b> <span class="fs90">A -Narrative of the Movement in England, 1605-1616, which resulted in the -Plantation of North America by Englishmen, disclosing the Contest -between England and Spain for the Possession of the Soil now occupied -by the United States of America; set forth through a series of Historical -Manuscripts now first printed, together with a Re-issue of Rare Contemporaneous -Tracts, accompanied by Bibliographical Memoranda, Notes, -and Brief Biographies. Collected, Arranged, and Edited by <span class="smcap">Alexander -Brown</span>, F.R.H.S. With 100 Portraits, Maps, and Plans. In two volumes. -Roy. 8vo, buckram, £3 13<em>s.</em> 6<em>d.</em></span></p> - - -<div class="chapter"></div> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_9cat"></a>[9]</span></p> -<hr class="tb x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<p class="pfs120 antiqua"><b>Fiction.</b></p> - - -<p class="pfs70">In Three Volumes.</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>THE HEAD OF THE FIRM.</b> <span class="fs90">By Mrs. <span class="smcap">Riddell</span>, Author -of “George Geith,” “Maxwell Drewett,” &c.     [<em>Just ready.</em></span></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>CHILDREN OF THE GHETTO.</b> <span class="fs90">By <span class="smcap">I. Zangwill</span>, -Author of “The Old Maids’ Club,” &c.     [<em>Just ready.</em></span></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>THE TOWER OF TADDEO.</b> <span class="fs90">A Novel. By <span class="smcap">Ouida</span>, -Author of “Two Little Wooden Shoes,” &c.     [<em>In October.</em></span></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>KITTY’S FATHER.</b> <span class="fs90">By <span class="smcap">Frank Barrett</span>. Author of -“Lieutenant Barnabas,” &c.     [<em>In November.</em></span></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>THE COUNTESS RADNA.</b> <span class="fs90">By <span class="smcap">W. E. Norris</span>, Author of -“Matrimony,” &c.     [<em>In January.</em></span></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>ORIOLE’S DAUGHTER.</b> <span class="fs90">A Novel. By <span class="smcap">Jessie Fothergill</span>, -Author of “The First Violin,” &c.     [<em>In February.</em></span></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>THE LAST SENTENCE.</b> <span class="fs90">By <span class="smcap">Maxwell Gray</span>, Author of -“The Silence of Dean Maitland,” &c.     [<em>In March.</em></span></p> - - -<p class="pfs70">In Two Volumes.</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>WOMAN AND THE MAN.</b> <span class="fs90">A Love Story. By <span class="smcap">Robert -Buchanan</span>, Author of “Come Live with Me and be My Love,” “The -Moment After,” “The Coming Terror,” &c.     [<em>In preparation.</em></span></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>A KNIGHT OF THE WHITE FEATHER.</b> <span class="fs90">By “<span class="smcap">Tasma</span>,” -Author of “The Penance of Portia James,” “Uncle Piper of Piper’s -Hill,” &c.     [<em>Just ready.</em></span></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>A LITTLE MINX.</b> <span class="fs90">By <span class="smcap">Ada Cambridge</span>, Author of “A -Marked Man,” “The Three Miss Kings,” &c.</span></p> - - -<p class="pfs70">In One Volume.</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>THE NAULAHKA.</b> <span class="fs90">A Tale of West and East. By <span class="smcap">Rudyard -Kipling</span> and <span class="smcap">Wolcott Balestier</span>. Crown 8vo, cloth, 6<em>s.</em> Second -Edition.     [<em>Just ready.</em></span></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>THE SECRET OF NARCISSE.</b> <span class="fs90">By <span class="smcap">Edmund Gosse</span>. -Crown 8vo.     [<em>In October.</em></span></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>THE AVERAGE WOMAN.</b> <span class="fs90">By <span class="smcap">Wolcott Balestier</span>. -With an Introduction by <span class="smcap">Henry James</span>. Small crown 8vo, 3<em>s.</em> 6<em>d.</em>     [<em>Just ready.</em></span></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>THE ATTACK ON THE MILL and Other Sketches -of War.</b> <span class="fs90">By <span class="smcap">Emile Zola</span>. With an essay on the short stories of M. -Zola by Edmund Gosse. Small crown 8vo, 3<em>s.</em> 6<em>d.</em>     [<em>Just ready.</em></span></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>DUST.</b> <span class="fs90">By <span class="smcap">Björnstjerne Björnson</span>. Translated from the -Norwegian. Small crown 8vo.</span></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>MADEMOISELLE MISS and Other Stories.</b> <span class="fs90">By <span class="smcap">Henry -Harland</span>, Author of “Mea Culpa,” &c. Small crown 8vo.     [<em>In the Press.</em></span></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>AVENGED ON SOCIETY.</b> <span class="fs90">By <span class="smcap">H. F. Wood</span>. Small -crown 8vo.     [<em>In the Press.</em></span></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>THE DOMINANT SEVENTH.</b> <span class="fs90">A Musical Story. By -<span class="smcap">Kate Elizabeth Clarke</span>. Crown 8vo, cloth, 5<em>s.</em></span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Speaker.</cite>—“A very romantic story.”</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>PASSION THE PLAYTHING.</b> <span class="fs90">A Novel. By <span class="smcap">R. Murray -Gilchrist</span>. Crown 8vo, cloth, 6<em>s.</em></span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Athenæum.</cite>—“This well-written story must be read to be appreciated.”</p> - - -<div class="chapter"></div> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_10cat"></a>[10]</span></p> -<hr class="tb x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<p class="pfs120 antiqua"><b>The Crown Copyright Series.</b></p> - -<p class="fs70">Mr. <span class="smcap">Heinemann</span> has made arrangements with a number of the <span class="smcap">First and -Most Popular English</span>, <span class="smcap">American</span>, and <span class="smcap">Colonial Authors</span> which will -enable him to issue a series of <span class="smcap">New and Original Works</span>, to be known as -<span class="smcap">The Crown Copyright Series</span>, complete in One Volume, at a uniform -price of <span class="smcap">Five Shillings each</span>. These Novels will not pass through an Expensive -Two or Three Volume Edition, but they will be obtainable at the -<span class="smcap">Circulating Libraries</span>, as well as at all Booksellers’ and Bookstalls.</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>ACCORDING TO ST. JOHN.</b> <span class="fs90">By <span class="smcap">Amélie Rives</span>, Author -of “The Quick or the Dead.”</span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Scotsman.</cite>—“The literary work is highly artistic.... It has beauty and -brightness, and a kind of fascination which carries the reader on till he has read -to the last page.”</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>THE PENANCE OF PORTIA JAMES.</b> <span class="fs90">By <span class="smcap">Tasma</span>, -Author of “Uncle Piper of Piper’s Hill,” &c.</span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Athenæum.</cite>—“A powerful novel.”</p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Daily Chronicle.</cite>—“Captivating and yet tantalising, this story is far above -the average.”</p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Vanity Fair.</cite>—“A very interesting story, morally sound, and flavoured -throughout with ease of diction and lack of strain.”</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>INCONSEQUENT LIVES.</b> <span class="fs90">A Village Chronicle, shewing -how certain folk set out for El Dorado; what they attempted; and what -they attained. By <span class="smcap">J. H. Pearce</span>, Author of “Esther Pentreath,” &c.</span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Saturday Review.</cite>—“A vivid picture of the life of Cornish fisher-folk. It -is unquestionably interesting.”</p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Literary World.</cite>—“Powerful and pathetic ... from first to last it is -profoundly interesting. It is long since we read a story revealing power of so -high an order, marked by such evident carefulness of workmanship, such skill in -the powerful and yet temperate presentation of passion, and in the sternly -realistic yet delicate treatment of difficult situations.”</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>A QUESTION OF TASTE.</b> <span class="fs90">By <span class="smcap">Maarten Maartens</span>, -Author of “An Old Maid’s Love,” &c.</span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>National Observer.</cite>—“There is more than cleverness; there is original -talent, and a good deal of humanity besides.”</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>COME LIVE WITH ME AND BE MY LOVE.</b> <span class="fs90">By -<span class="smcap">Robert Buchanan</span>, Author of “The Moment After,” “The Coming -Terror,” &c.</span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Globe.</cite>—“Will be found eminently readable.”</p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Daily Telegraph.</cite>—“We will conclude this brief notice by expressing our -cordial admiration of the skill displayed in its construction, and the genial -humanity that has inspired its author in the shaping and vitalising of the individuals -created by his fertile imagination.”</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>THE O’CONNORS OF BALLINAHINCH.</b> <span class="fs90">By Mrs. -<span class="smcap">Hungerford</span>, Author of “Molly Bawn,” &c.     [<em>In the Press.</em></span></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>A BATTLE AND A BOY.</b> <span class="fs90">By <span class="smcap">Blanche Willis Howard</span>, -Author of “Guenn,” &c.     [<em>In preparation.</em></span></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>VANITAS.</b> <span class="fs90">By <span class="smcap">Vernon Lee</span>, Author of “Hauntings,” &c.     [<em>In preparation.</em></span></p> - - -<div class="chapter"></div> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_11cat"></a>[10]</span></p> -<hr class="tb x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<p class="pfs120 antiqua"><b>Heinemann’s International Library.</b></p> - -<p class="pfs70"><span class="smcap">Edited by</span> EDMUND GOSSE.</p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>New Review.</cite>—“If you have any pernicious remnants of literary chauvinism -I hope it will not survive the series of foreign classics of which Mr. William -Heinemann, aided by Mr. Edmund Gosse, is publishing translations to the great -contentment of all lovers of literature.”</p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Times.</cite>—“A venture which deserves encouragement.”</p> - -<p class="pfs70"><em>Each Volume has an Introduction specially written by the Editor</em></p> - -<p class="pfs70">Price, in paper covers, 2<em>s.</em> 6<em>d.</em> each, or cloth, 3<em>s.</em> 6<em>d.</em></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>IN GOD’S WAY.</b> <span class="fs90">From the Norwegian of <span class="smcap">Björnstjerne -Björnson</span>.</span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Athenæum.</cite>—“Without doubt the most important and the most interesting -work published during the twelve months.... There are descriptions which -certainly belong to the best and cleverest things our literature has ever produced. -Amongst the many characters, the doctor’s wife is unquestionably the first. It -would be difficult to find anything more tender, soft, and refined than this -charming personage.”</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>PIERRE AND JEAN.</b> <span class="fs90">From the French of <span class="smcap">Guy de Maupassant</span>.</span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Pall Mall Gazette.</cite>—“So fine and faultless, so perfectly balanced, so -steadily progressive, so clear and simple and satisfying. It is admirable from -beginning to end.”</p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Athenæum.</cite>—“Ranks amongst the best gems of modern French fiction.”</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>THE CHIEF JUSTICE.</b> <span class="fs90">From the German of <span class="smcap">Karl Emil -Franzos</span>, Author of “For the Right,” &c.</span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>New Review.</cite>—“Few novels of recent times have a more sustained and -vivid human interest.”</p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Christian World.</cite>—“A story of wonderful power ... as free from anything -objectionable as ‘The Heart of Midlothian.’”</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>WORK WHILE YE HAVE THE LIGHT.</b> <span class="fs90">From the -Russian of Count <span class="smcap">Lyof Tolstoy</span>.</span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Liverpool Mercury.</cite>—“Marked by all the old power of the great Russian -novelist.”</p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Manchester Guardian.</cite>—“Readable and well translated; full of high and -noble feeling.”</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>FANTASY.</b> <span class="fs90">From the Italian of <span class="smcap">Matilde Serao</span>.</span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>National Observer.</cite>—“The strongest work from the hand of a woman that -has been published for many a day.”</p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Scottish Leader.</cite>—“The book is full of a glowing and living realism.... -There is nothing like ‘Fantasy’ in modern literature.... It is a work of elfish -art, a mosaic of light and love, of right and wrong, of human weakness and -strength, and purity and wantonness, pieced together in deft and witching -precision.”</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>FROTH.</b> <span class="fs90">From the Spanish of Don <span class="smcap">Armando Palacio-Valdés</span>.</span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Daily Telegraph.</cite>—“Vigorous and powerful in the highest degree. It -abounds in forcible delineation of character, and describes scenes with rare and -graphic strength.”</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>FOOTSTEPS OF FATE.</b> <span class="fs90">From the Dutch of <span class="smcap">Louis -Couperus</span>.</span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Daily Chronicle.</cite>—“A powerfully realistic story which has been excellently -translated.”</p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Gentlewoman.</cite>—“The consummate art of the writer prevents this tragedy -from sinking to melodrama. Not a single situation is forced or a circumstance -exaggerated.”</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_12cat"></a>[12]</span></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>PEPITA JIMÉNEZ.</b> <span class="fs90">From the Spanish of <span class="smcap">Juan Valera</span>.</span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>New Review</cite> (Mr. George Saintsbury):—“There is no doubt at all that -it is one of the best stories that have appeared in any country in Europe for the -last twenty years.”</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>THE COMMODORE’S DAUGHTERS.</b> <span class="fs90">From the Norwegian -of <span class="smcap">Jonas Lie</span>.</span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Athenæum.</cite>—“Everything that Jonas Lie writes is attractive and pleasant; -the plot of deeply human interest, and the art noble.”</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>THE HERITAGE OF THE KURTS.</b> <span class="fs90">From the Norwegian -of <span class="smcap">Björnstjerne Björnson</span>.</span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Pall Mall Gazette.</cite>—“A most fascinating as well as a powerful book.”</p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>National Observer.</cite>—“It is a book to read and a book to think about, for, -incontestably, it is the work of a man of genius.”</p> - -<p class="pfs70"><em>In the Press.</em></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>LOU.</b> <span class="fs90">From the German of <span class="smcap">Baron v. Roberts</span>.</span></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>DONA LUZ.</b> <span class="fs90">From the Spanish of <span class="smcap">Juan Valera</span>.</span></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>WITHOUT DOGMA.</b> <span class="fs90">From the Polish of <span class="smcap">H. Sienkiewicz</span>.</span></p> - - -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="tb x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<p class="pfs120 antiqua"><b>Popular 3s. 6d. Novels.</b></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>CAPT’N DAVY’S HONEYMOON</b>, <span class="fs90">The Blind Mother, -and The Last Confession. By <span class="smcap">Hall Caine</span>, Author of “The Bondman,” -“The Scapegoat,” &c.</span></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>THE SCAPEGOAT.</b> <span class="fs90">By <span class="smcap">Hall Caine</span>, Author of “The -Bondman,” &c.</span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Mr. Gladstone writes</cite>:—“I congratulate you upon ‘The Scapegoat’ as a -work of art, and especially upon the noble and skilfully drawn character of -Israel.”</p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Times.</cite>—“In our judgment it excels in dramatic force all his previous efforts. -For grace and touching pathos Naomi is a character which any romancist in the -world might be proud to have created.”</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>THE BONDMAN.</b> <span class="fs90">A New Saga. By <span class="smcap">Hall Caine</span>. -Twentieth Thousand.</span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Mr. Gladstone.</cite>—“‘The Bondman’ is a work of which I recognise the -freshness, vigour, and sustained interest no less than its integrity of aim.”</p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Standard.</cite>—“Its argument is grand, and it is sustained with a power that is -almost marvellous.”</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>DESPERATE REMEDIES.</b> <span class="fs90">By <span class="smcap">Thomas Hardy</span>, Author -of “Tess of the D’Urbervilles,” &c.</span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Saturday Review.</cite>—“A remarkable story worked out with abundant skill.”</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>A MARKED MAN</b>: <span class="fs90">Some Episodes in his Life. By <span class="smcap">Ada -Cambridge</span>, Author of “Two Years’ Time,” “A Mere Chance,” &c.</span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Morning Post.</cite>—“A depth of feeling, a knowledge of the human heart, and -an amount of tact that one rarely finds. Should take a prominent place among -the novels of the season.”</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>THE THREE MISS KINGS.</b> <span class="fs90">By <span class="smcap">Ada Cambridge</span>, Author -of “A Marked Man.”</span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Athenæum.</cite>—“A charming study of character. The love stories are excellent, -and the author is happy in tender situations.”</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>NOT ALL IN VAIN.</b> <span class="fs90">By <span class="smcap">Ada Cambridge</span>, Author of “A -Marked Man,” “The Three Miss Kings,” &c.</span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Guardian.</cite>—“A clever and absorbing story.”</p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Queen.</cite>—“All that remains to be said is ‘read the book.’”</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_13cat"></a>[13]</span></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>UNCLE PIPER OF PIPER’S HILL.</b> <span class="fs90">By <span class="smcap">Tasma</span>. New -Popular Edition.</span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Guardian.</cite>—“Every page of it contains good wholesome food, which demands -and repays digestion. The tale itself is thoroughly charming, and all the -characters are delightfully drawn. We strongly recommend all lovers of wholesome -novels to make acquaintance with it themselves, and are much mistaken if -they do not heartily thank us for the introduction.”</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>IN THE VALLEY.</b> <span class="fs90">By <span class="smcap">Harold Frederic</span>. Author of -“The Lawton Girl,” “Seth’s Brother’s Wife,” &c. With Illustrations.</span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Times.</cite>—“The literary value of the book is high; the author’s studies of -bygone life presenting a life-like picture.”</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>PRETTY MISS SMITH.</b> <span class="fs90">By <span class="smcap">Florence Warden</span>, Author -of “The House on the Marsh,” “A Witch of the Hills,” &c.</span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Punch.</cite>—“Since Miss Florence Warden’s ‘House on the Marsh,’ I have -not read a more exciting tale.”</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>NOR WIFE, NOR MAID.</b> <span class="fs90">By Mrs. <span class="smcap">Hungerford</span>, Author -of “Molly Bawn,” &c.</span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Queen.</cite>—“It has all the characteristics of the writer’s work, and greater -emotional depth than most of its predecessors.”</p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Scotsman.</cite>—“Delightful reading, supremely interesting.”</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>MAMMON.</b> <span class="fs90">A Novel. By Mrs. <span class="smcap">Alexander</span>, Author of “The -Wooing O’t,” &c.</span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Scotsman.</cite>—“The present work is not behind any of its predecessors. -‘Mammon’ is a healthy story, and as it has been thoughtfully written it has the -merit of creating thought in its readers.”</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>DAUGHTERS OF MEN.</b> <span class="fs90">By <span class="smcap">Hannah Lynch</span>, Author of -“The Prince of the Glades,” &c.</span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Daily Telegraph.</cite>—“Singularly clever and fascinating.”</p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Academy.</cite>—“One of the cleverest, if not also the pleasantest, stories that -have appeared for a long time.”</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>A ROMANCE OF THE CAPE FRONTIER.</b> <span class="fs90">By <span class="smcap">Bertram -Mitford</span>, Author of “Through the Zulu Country,” &c.</span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Observer.</cite>—“This is a rattling tale, genial, healthy, and spirited.”</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>’TWEEN SNOW AND FIRE.</b> <span class="fs90">A Tale of the Kafir War of -1877. By <span class="smcap">Bertram Mitford</span>.</span></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>THE MASTER OF THE MAGICIANS.</b> <span class="fs90">By <span class="smcap">Elizabeth -Stuart Phelps</span> and <span class="smcap">Herbert D. Ward</span>.</span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Athenæum.</cite>—“A thrilling story.”</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>LOS CERRITOS.</b> <span class="fs90">A Romance of the Modern Time. By -<span class="smcap">Gertrude Franklin Atherton</span>, Author of “Hermia Suydam,” and -“What Dreams may Come.”</span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Athenæum.</cite>—“Full of fresh fancies and suggestions. Told with strength -and delicacy. A decidedly charming romance.”</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>A MODERN MARRIAGE.</b> <span class="fs90">By the Marquise <span class="smcap">Clara Lanza</span>.</span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Queen.</cite>—“A powerful story, dramatically and consistently carried out.”</p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Black and White.</cite>—“A decidedly clever book.”</p> - - -<div class="chapter"></div> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_14cat"></a>[14]</span></p> -<hr class="tb x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<p class="pfs120 antiqua"><b>Popular Shilling Books.</b></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>MADAME VALERIE.</b> <span class="fs90">By <span class="smcap">F. C. Philips</span>, Author of “As -in a Looking-Glass,” &c.</span></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>THE MOMENT AFTER</b>: <span class="fs90">A Tale of the Unseen. By -<span class="smcap">Robert Buchanan</span>.</span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Athenæum.</cite>—“Should be read—in daylight.”</p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Observer.</cite>—“A clever <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">tour de force</i>.”</p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Guardian.</cite>—“Particularly impressive, graphic, and powerful.”</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>CLUES; or, Leaves from a Chief Constable’s Note-Book.</b> -<span class="fs90">By <span class="smcap">William Henderson</span>, Chief Constable of Edinburgh.</span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Mr. Gladstone.</cite>—“I found the book full of interest.”</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>A VERY STRANGE FAMILY.</b> <span class="fs90">By <span class="smcap">F. W. Robinson</span>, -Author of “Grandmother’s Money,” “Lazarus in London,” &c.</span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Glasgow Herald.</cite>—“An ingeniously devised plot, of which the interest is -kept up to the very last page. A judicious blending of humour and pathos -further helps to make the book delightful reading from start to finish.”</p> - - -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="tb x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<p class="pfs120 antiqua"><b>Dramatic Literature.</b></p> - -<p class="pfs80 lsp">THE PLAYS OF ARTHUR W. PINERO.</p> - -<p class="pfs70">With Introductory Notes by <span class="smcap">Malcolm C. Salaman</span>. 16mo, Paper Covers, -1<em>s.</em> 6<em>d.</em>; or Cloth, 2<em>s.</em> 6<em>d.</em> each.</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>THE TIMES</b>: <span class="fs90">A Comedy in Four Acts. With a Preface by -the Author. (Vol. I.)</span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Daily Telegraph.</cite>—“‘The Times’ is the best example yet given of Mr. -Pinero’s power as a satirist. So clever is his work that it beats down opposition. -So fascinating is his style that we cannot help listening to him.”</p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Morning Post.</cite>—“Mr. Pinero’s latest belongs to a high order of dramatic -literature, and the piece will be witnessed again with all the greater zest after the -perusal of such admirable dialogue.”</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>THE PROFLIGATE</b>: <span class="fs90">A Play in Four Acts. With Portrait -of the Author, after <span class="smcap">J. Mordecai</span>. (Vol. II.)</span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Pall Mall Gazette.</cite>—“Will be welcomed by all who have the true interests -of the stage at heart.”</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>THE CABINET MINISTER</b>: <span class="fs90">A Farce in Four Acts. -(Vol. III.)</span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Observer.</cite>—“It is as amusing to read as it was when played.”</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>THE HOBBY HORSE</b>: <span class="fs90">A Comedy in Three Acts. -(Vol. IV.)</span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>St. James’s Gazette.</cite>—“Mr. Pinero has seldom produced better or more -interesting work than in ‘The Hobby Horse.’”</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>LADY BOUNTIFUL.</b> <span class="fs90">A Play in Four Acts. (Vol. V.)</span></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>THE MAGISTRATE.</b> <span class="fs90">A Farce in Three Acts. (Vol. VI.)</span></p> - -<p class="pfs70">To be followed by Dandy Dick, The Schoolmistress, The Weaker Sex, Lords and -Commons, The Squire, and Sweet Lavender.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_15cat"></a>[15]</span></p> - -<hr class="tb"> - -<p class="negin1"><b>A NEW PLAY.</b> <span class="fs90">By <span class="smcap">Henrik Ibsen</span>. Translated from the -Norwegian. Small 4to.     [<em>In preparation.</em></span></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>A NEW PLAY.</b> <span class="fs90">By <span class="smcap">Björnstjerne Björnson</span>. Translated -from the Norwegian.     [<em>In preparation.</em></span></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>THE PRINCESSE MALEINE</b>: <span class="fs90">A Drama in Five Acts -(Translated by Gerard Harry), and THE INTRUDER: A Drama in -One Act. By <span class="smcap">Maurice Maeterlinck</span>. With an Introduction by <span class="smcap">Hall -Caine</span>, and a Portrait of the Author. Small 4to, cloth, 5<em>s.</em></span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Athenæum.</cite>—“In the creation of the ‘atmosphere’ of the play M. Maeterlinck -shows his skill. It is here that he communicates to us the <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">nouveau frisson</i>, -here that he does what no one else has done. In ‘The Intruder’ the art -consists of the subtle gradations of terror, the slow, creeping progress of the -nightmare of apprehension. Nothing quite like it has been done before—not -even by Poe—not even by Villiers.”</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>THE FRUITS OF ENLIGHTENMENT</b>: <span class="fs90">A Comedy in -Four Acts. By Count <span class="smcap">Lyof Tolstoy</span>. Translated from the Russian by -<span class="smcap">E. J. Dillon</span>. With Introduction by <span class="smcap">A. W. Pinero</span>. Small 4to, with -Portrait, 5<em>s.</em></span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Pall Mall Gazette.</cite>—“The whole effect of the play is distinctly Molièresque; -it has something of the large humanity of the master. Its satire is genial, almost -gay.”</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>HEDDA GABLER</b>: <span class="fs90">A Drama in Four Acts. By <span class="smcap">Henrik -Ibsen</span>. Translated from the Norwegian by <span class="smcap">Edmund Gosse</span>. Small 4to, -cloth, with Portrait, 5<em>s.</em> Vaudeville Edition, paper, 1<em>s.</em> Also a Limited -Large Paper Edition, 21<em>s.</em> <em>net</em>.</span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Times.</cite>—“The language in which this play is couched is a model of brevity, -decision, and pointedness.... Every line tells, and there is not an incident -that does not bear on the action immediate or remote. As a corrective to the -vapid and foolish writing with which the stage is deluged ‘Hedda Gabler’ is -perhaps entitled to the place of honour.”</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>STRAY MEMORIES.</b> <span class="fs90">By <span class="smcap">Ellen Terry</span>. In one volume. -Illustrated.     [<em>In preparation.</em></span></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>SOME INTERESTING FALLACIES OF THE -Modern Stage.</b> <span class="fs90">An Address delivered to the Playgoers’ Club at St. -James’s Hall, on Sunday, 6th December, 1891. By <span class="smcap">Herbert Beerbohm -Tree</span>. Crown 8vo, sewed, 6<em>d.</em></span></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>THE LIFE OF HENRIK IBSEN.</b> <span class="fs90">By <span class="smcap">Henrik Jæger</span>. -Translated by <span class="smcap">Clara Bell</span>. With the Verse done into English from the -Norwegian Original by <span class="smcap">Edmund Gosse</span>. Crown 8vo, cloth, 6<em>s.</em></span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><em>St. James’s Gazette.</em>—“Admirably translated. Deserves a cordial and -emphatic welcome.”</p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Guardian.</cite>—“Ibsen’s dramas at present enjoy a considerable vogue, and -their admirers will rejoice to find full descriptions and criticisms in Mr. Jæger’s -book.”</p> - - -<div class="chapter"></div> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_16cat"></a>[16]</span></p> -<hr class="tb x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<p class="pfs120 antiqua"><b>Poetry.</b></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>LOVE SONGS OF ENGLISH POETS, 1500-1800.</b> -<span class="fs90">With Notes by <span class="smcap">Ralph H. Caine</span>. Fcap. 8vo, rough edges, 3<em>s.</em> 6<em>d.</em></span></p> - -<p class="pfs70">*** <em>Large Paper Edition, limited to 100 Copies, 10s. 6d. Net.</em></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>IVY AND PASSION FLOWER</b>: <span class="fs90">Poems. By <span class="smcap">Gerard -Bendall</span>, Author of “Estelle,” &c. &c. 12mo, cloth, 3<em>s.</em> 6<em>d.</em></span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Scotsman.</cite>—“Will be read with pleasure.”</p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Musical World.</cite>—“The poems are delicate specimens of art, graceful and -polished.”</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>VERSES.</b> <span class="fs90">By <span class="smcap">Gertrude Hall</span>. 12mo, cloth, 3<em>s.</em> 6<em>d.</em></span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Manchester Guardian.</cite>—“Will be welcome to every lover of poetry who -takes it up.”</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>MAGONIA</b>: <span class="fs90">A Poem. By <span class="smcap">Charles Godfrey Leland</span> (<span class="smcap">Hans -Breitmann</span>). Fcap. 8vo.     [<em>In the Press.</em></span></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>IDYLLS OF WOMANHOOD.</b> <span class="fs90">By <span class="smcap">C. Amy Dawson</span>. -Fcap. 8vo, gilt top, 5<em>s.</em></span></p> - - -<div class="chapter"></div> -<hr class="tb x-ebookmaker-drop"> - -<p class="pfs120 antiqua"><b>Heinemann’s Scientific Handbooks.</b></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>MANUAL OF BACTERIOLOGY.</b> <span class="fs90">By <span class="smcap">A. B. Griffiths</span>, -Ph.D., F.R.S. (Edin.), F.C.S. Crown 8vo, cloth, Illustrated. 7<em>s.</em> 6<em>d.</em></span></p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>MANUAL OF ASSAYING GOLD, SILVER, COPPER, -and Lead Ores.</b> <span class="fs90">By <span class="smcap">Walter Lee Brown</span>, B.Sc. Revised, Corrected, -and considerably Enlarged, with a chapter on the Assaying of Fuel, &c. -By <span class="smcap">A. B. Griffiths</span>, Ph.D., F.R.S. (Edin.), F.C.S. Crown 8vo, cloth, -Illustrated, 7<em>s.</em> 6<em>d.</em></span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Colliery Guardian.</cite>—“A delightful and fascinating book.”</p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Financial World.</cite>—“The most complete and practical manual on everything -which concerns assaying of all which have come before us.”</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>GEODESY.</b> <span class="fs90">By <span class="smcap">J. Howard Gore</span>. Crown 8vo, cloth, Illustrated, -5<em>s.</em></span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>St. James’s Gazette.</cite>—“The book may be safely recommended to those who -desire to acquire an accurate knowledge of Geodesy.”</p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Science Gossip.</cite>—“It is the best we could recommend to all geodetic students. -It is full and clear, thoroughly accurate, and up to date in all matters of earth-measurements.”</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GASES.</b> <span class="fs90">By -<span class="smcap">Arthur L. Kimball</span>, of the Johns Hopkins University. Crown 8vo, -cloth, Illustrated, 5<em>s.</em></span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Chemical News.</cite>—“The man of culture who wishes for a general and accurate -acquaintance with the physical properties of gases, will find in Mr. Kimball’s -work just what he requires.”</p> - -<p class="negin1"><b>HEAT AS A FORM OF ENERGY.</b> <span class="fs90">By Professor <span class="smcap">R. H. -Thurston</span>, of Cornell University. Crown 8vo, cloth, Illustrated, 5<em>s.</em></span></p> - -<p class="fs70"><cite>Manchester Examiner.</cite>—“Bears out the character of its predecessors for -careful and correct statement and deduction under the light of the most recent -discoveries.”</p> - -<hr class="tb"> - -<p class="center"> -<span class="fs90 lsp">LONDON:</span><br> -<span class="fs100 lsp2">WILLIAM HEINEMANN</span><br> -<span class="fs70">21 BEDFORD STREET, W.C.</span></p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop"> -<div class="chapter"></div> - -<div class="p4 transnote"> -<a id="TN"></a> -<p><strong>TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE</strong></p> - -<p>Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been -corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within -the text and consultation of external sources.</p> - -<p>Some hyphens in words have been silently removed, some added, -when a predominant preference was found in the original book.</p> - -<p>Except for those changes noted below, all misspellings in the text, -and inconsistent or archaic usage, have been retained.</p> - -<p> -<a href="#tn-vii">Pg vii</a>: The Tynan portrait is at page ‘168’ not ‘228’.<br> -<a href="#tn-265">Pg 265</a>: There is no section numbered ‘LI’.<br> -<a href="#tn-305">Pg 305</a>: ‘villanous rivals’ replaced by ‘villainous rivals’.<br> -<a href="#tn-ind1">Index</a>: ‘Forrester, Bill’ replaced by ‘Forester, Bill’.<br> -</p> -</div> - -<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 68765 ***</div> -</body> -</html> - |