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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Why and how: a hand-book for the use of the
+W.C.T. unions in Canada, by Addie Chisholm
+
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+Title: Why and how: a hand-book for the use of the W.C.T. unions in Canada
+
+Author: Addie Chisholm
+
+Release Date: November, 2004 [EBook #6868]
+[Yes, we are more than one year ahead of schedule]
+[This file was first posted on February 2, 2003]
+
+Edition: 10
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK WHY AND HOW ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Avinash Kothare, Tom Allen,˙Juliet Sutherland, Charles Franks
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team.
+This file was produced from images generously made available by the
+Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions.
+
+
+
+
+WHY AND HOW:
+
+A HAND-BOOK FOR THE USE OF
+
+THE W. C. T. UNIONS IN CANADA.
+
+
+By MRS. ADDIE CHISHOLM,
+
+PRESIDENT ONTARIO W. C. T. U.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+
+CHAPTER I.
+
+SUFFERING
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+AWAKENING
+
+CHAPTER III.
+
+ORGANIZATION AND WORK
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+OUR CANADIAN W. C. T. U.
+
+CHAPTER V.
+
+WHY WOMEN SHOULD WORK
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+
+HOW WOMEN MAY WORK
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+
+HOW TO FORM A W. C. T. U.
+
+CHAPTER VIII.
+
+QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
+
+CHAPTER IX.
+
+YOUNG WOMEN'S WORK
+
+CHAPTER X.
+
+A DREAM
+
+CHAPTER XI.
+
+CONCLUSION
+
+CONSTITUTION
+
+BY-LAWS
+
+ORDER OF BUSINESS
+
+
+
+
+
+THE TEMPERANCE HAND-BOOK
+
+FOR THE USE OF
+
+THE W. C. T. UNIONS
+
+OF CANADA.
+
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER I.
+
+SUFFERING.
+
+
+It has been said "Woman has a capacity for suffering," and during
+all the years of the past, in all countries and among all nations,
+woman has been proving this true. Since the dark day when "there
+stood by the cross of Jesus, his mother," and there came to that
+mother's heart the agony of bereavement, the human disappointment and
+pangs, whose torture only the Father God could understand,--from that
+day till the present, disappointment, trial and sorrow have entered
+largely into the life and experience of women. But of all clouds that
+have darkened their lives and among all sharp swords that have
+pierced their hearts, the cloud of the liquor traffic has been the
+darkest, and its blade the keenest. Myriads of women have looked with
+anguish on sacrifices offered and loved ones slain, not to save
+humanity or to draw men nearer to God, but destroyed at the hands of
+a tyrant as relentless as death, and as pitiless.
+
+In heathen countries, children have been left to float out of
+existence, an offering to the gods, while the mother has turned sadly
+and sorrowfully away; in Christian countries, children have drifted
+with the tide of social customs, or inherited appetites for strong
+drink, out of the boundless sea of evil and wretchedness, while women
+have wept and wondered, have pondered and prayed.
+
+Mothers have seen their sons, strong and brave in their young
+manhood, venture on this stream of rapid currents, have watched them
+with sad eyes, and called to them in pleading and terrified tones, as
+they were carried on and on by the rushing waters. At last, it was
+too late even for mother's love to save, and they were drawn into
+that terrible vortex, from which there is so seldom escape,
+despairing hands have reached out for help, the cry of the soul has
+been an appeal for mercy, and another loved one has gone down a
+victim to the nation's greed and a sacrifice to the nation's sin.
+
+Out from a sheltered, sunshiny home has gone the tender, trusting
+daughter, in her glad girlhood, her heart all aglow with true
+hallowed love for him, by whose side she has chosen to spend the
+coming years. The future has looked so bright, as together they have
+thought, and planned, and built their airy castles; but the clouds
+have come and passed, and come again and more frequently, till, at
+length, the young wife has sat continually in their shadow, the
+brightness and the sunshine all gone out of her life, as her husband
+has yielded to the influence of strong drink. She has realized that
+she was a drunkard's wife, her place by a drunkard's side, and, with
+white lips and breaking heart, she has moaned out her prayer to God
+for deliverance. And who will say that the fond mother, sitting in
+the old bright home, has not felt every pang, every blow that reached
+the daughter's heart as she saw all that the dear one in loyalty to
+her husband would fain have concealed. This experience comes home to
+most of us, and we easily recall not one case but many in which wives
+and daughters have suffered at the hands of this cruel destroyer.
+
+Homes have been invaded, not with noise of drums and clash of arms,
+but silently as by the stealthy step of death. Their purity and peace
+have been destroyed, their idols laid in the dust, and the place that
+was designed to be a sanctuary for humanity, a rest from the
+weariness of life and a refuge from its storms, has become, instead,
+a dreary abode of waiting and watching, of enduring and weeping,
+often a very Gethsemane to patient loving souls. In time the domestic
+life of families is destroyed by this enemy, so strong, cruel and
+determined; in many cases, the elegant abode gives place to a poorer
+one; the comfortable dwelling is exchanged for all that is
+comfortless and forbidding, and there is no longer a home. Cardinal
+Manning, in his address at the temperance congress recently held in
+England, says: "As the foundation they laid deep in the earth was the
+solid basis of social and political peace, so the domestic life of
+millions of our people is the foundation of the whole order of our
+commonwealth. I charge upon this great traffic nine-tenths of the
+misery and the destroyed and wrecked homes of our joyless people."
+What is true in England is also true in our young country. The "Boys'
+Homes" and "Girls' Homes" in our large cities furnish evidence of our
+destroyed homes. It is safe to say that nine-tenths of the inmates of
+these institutions are there provided with a home at the expense of
+the public, because strong drink has robbed them of the love and care
+of father and mother, or both, and taken from their innocent
+childhood all the delights and happiness of home life. As women, age
+after age, beheld their loved ones thus taken from them, and saw
+their homes in the hands of this destroyer, it was not strange that
+at last there arose from their hearts a cry almost of despair. It was
+a cry that entered into the ear of God and brought a dim sense of
+coming help, a consciousness that God knew and cared and had
+something better in reserve. The plough of pain had torn up the
+fallow soil of woman's heart; the harrow of suffering had mellowed,
+and tears of agony, wept for ages, had moistened it; now the seed of
+thoughtful and determined purpose was ready to be sown, out of which
+was to spring the plentiful harvest of action.
+
+Behind were the long dreary wastes of agony, marked with the myriad
+grave mounds of lost loved ones, over which woman's face had bowed
+low, while the heart within was breaking; before stretched the wide
+unknown, full of possibilities. Should it unfold the same sad story
+of patient, passive' suffering, or grow bright with the burnished
+armor and glad with the hopeful songs of women gathering to the
+battle, filed against the fell destroyer of their hopes? As the
+Spirit of God brooded over the primeval void and brought therefrom
+order, light, beauty and life, so the spirit of suffering brooded
+above the torn and saddened heart of womanhood, till at last the
+angel of awakening appeared, and the heart that had dumbly, patiently
+endured, stirred to the impulse of defence, and opened to the thought
+of freedom. The hour had struck, the call had come. The "arrow had
+been hidden in God's quiver," waiting His time. When His ringers
+guide to the mark, what can the arrow do but fulfil its mission?
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+AWAKENING.
+
+
+In the history of oppressed nations, it has often happened that
+years of suffering have but kindled the desire for freedom and kept
+it alive, fanned by every fresh act of cruelty and injustice, until,
+at last, it has burst forth in a fire, which has destroyed the wrong,
+illuminated the right, and the oppressed people have gone free.
+
+In individual lives, there are not wanting those who have come
+through the white heat of affliction, purified and made free from the
+bitterness and selfishness of earth and crowned with a noble purpose--
+to relieve the sufferings of others, to be, in a sense, God's voice,
+God's messenger to the helpless, and to be in His hands for the
+deliverance of the oppressed and enslaved. So in this temperance
+cause. For years women had asked, as Paul had asked, "Lord, what wilt
+thou have me to do?" and it had seemed that the answer came only in
+the closer pressing to their lips of the cup of suffering. As they
+still pleaded, spreading the white wings of prayer over their dear
+ones, suddenly there came to them the inspiration, which led to the
+crusade, an inspiration from the heart of God.
+
+In years past, indications had not been wanting of some such
+possible uprising, as drops precede the full shower, for, in 1856, at
+Rockport, Mass., some 200 women had assembled and, proceeding to
+several places where intoxicating liquor was sold, had entered and
+destroyed the liquor they found. That was an impulse born of
+suffering, and finding expression in action impulsive and unusual;
+but, not being followed up by organization, it soon ended. In 1869,
+in Rutland, Vt., and at Clyde, Ohio, the women organized to suppress
+the liquor traffic, visiting saloons, securing pledges, holding
+prayer meetings, etc., but the great movement, which has given to
+woman new power in this temperance work, and opened up to her new
+avenues of usefulness, so long closed, is known as the Woman's
+Crusade. It began about the same time in three different places in
+the month of December, 1873, Fredonia, N. Y., Hillsboro, Ohio, and
+Washington Court House, Ohio, were the first scenes of action. There
+the first contests were waged and the first victories won. Timid
+Christian women, who had never heard their own voices in public
+prayer, were suddenly called to the front and a message given them of
+God. Dr. Dio Lewis visited Hillsboro in December, 1873, and there
+gave two lectures, one of them a lecture on temperance, in which he
+referred to his mother's struggles as a drunkard's wife, doing her
+best to support her family, and finally, with a few other praying
+women, visiting the saloon-keeper who sold liquor to her husband, and
+pleading with him to give up his business, with which request he, at
+last, complied. At the close of the lecture, Dr. Lewis called upon
+all, who were willing to follow his mother's example, to rise, an
+invitation to which about fifty ladies responded. Many gentlemen in
+the audience promised to stand by them. A meeting was held the
+following morning in the Presbyterian church, at which Mrs. Judge
+Thomson was chosen leader. After much prayer and consultation, the
+ladies started out in procession, seventy-five in number, and
+proceeded, singing the familiar hymn, "Give to the winds thy fears,"
+first to the drug stores, and then to the hotels and saloons, which
+they fearlessly entered, asking permission to sing and pray. In
+nearly every case, the permission was given during that first day,
+and a few saloon-keepers yielded to the entreaties of these earnest
+Christian women, and promised to give up selling liquor. As the days
+went by, the thirteen drinking places of the town were reduced to
+three, while in Washington Court House, Ohio, in one week, yielding
+to the persistent appeals of the "praying women," all the drinking
+places were closed, the three drug stores selling only on
+prescription. Here, while the ladies went in bands from place to
+place, meeting often with insult and abuse now that the saloon-keepers
+had recovered from their first surprise, the gentlemen remained in the
+church to pray. As the fresh toll of the bell announced that another
+prayer had ascended to heaven in their behalf and for their success
+and protection, these women were encouraged and became strong to do
+all that they felt had been committed to them. After a time their
+approach to a saloon or hotel was the signal for the doors to be
+locked and entrance was denied them. Then, outside, on the public
+pavement, in the snow of a bitterly cold December, they knelt and
+prayed for the saloon-keeper and his family, that he might see his
+error and be persuaded to do right, for those who were in the habit of
+frequenting that saloon, and for the downfall of the liquor traffic.
+It was not very long before the liquor-sellers found that prayer, even
+outside their premises and outside of locked doors, was having its
+effect, and in order to put a stop to it, they lodged complaints
+against the women, the burden of which was that they were obstructing
+the highway and interrupting business. Off the sidewalks, therefore,
+the women went, and in deeper snows, and with more dauntless faith,
+prayed on, singing, occasionally, a song of praise and thanksgiving.
+
+To a few cities belongs the disgrace of imprisoning some of these
+noble Christian women, yet in all this, "a form like unto the Son of
+Man" was with them, and the unseen presence was their stay. They were
+soon released, however, and found that the news of their arrest and
+imprisonment had only increased the interest of all and the anxiety
+of many concerning this work. Requests for assistance came from other
+cities and States, to which the ladies of Hillsboro and other places
+responded, till in almost all of the Northern States there was a
+common crusade against the liquor traffic. For about six months this
+remarkable movement lasted, meeting with varied success and closing
+saloons and bars of hotels in 250 towns and villages.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER III.
+
+ORGANIZATION AND WORK.
+
+
+IN THE UNITED STATES.
+
+
+Gradually these active workers in the temperance cause, conscious of
+having received a mighty power, a special baptism at the hands of
+God, for a special work, began to look for something abiding in
+organization when this unusual movement should have ceased, something
+in which all Christian women could unite for work in this special
+cause. In the winter and spring of 1873-74 this wonderful movement,
+known as "The Woman's Crusade," took place. In August of the same
+year many of these crusaders were gathered together at Chatauqua, to
+spend a few days there in the tented grove, on the occasion of the
+First National S. S. Assembly. As they talked over the work done, and
+the work which the world still had need of, the thought came to one
+of the band of the possibility of uniting all the women of that land
+in temperance effort. Acting on this suggestion steps were at once
+taken to form such an association. A public meeting was held on the
+grounds, afterwards a prayer and a business meeting, at which latter
+a committee of organization was formed, and a circular letter
+authorized, asking "The Woman's Temperance League" of the North to
+hold conventions for the purpose of electing delegates to an
+organizing convention, to be held in Cleveland, Ohio, Nov. 18th, 19th
+and 20th, 1874. At this convention in November Mrs. Jennie F. Willing
+presided, three hundred delegates and visitors were present, and amid
+much enthusiasm the National Woman's Christian Temperance Union took
+its place with the hosts of the Lord, to lead on to victory. Its
+first officers were: President, Mrs. Annie Wittenmeyer; Vice-
+Presidents, one from every State; Rec. Sec., Mrs. Mary C. Johnson,
+N.Y.; Cor. Sec., Miss Frances Willard; Treasurer, Mrs. W. A. Ingham,
+Ohio. A constitution and by-laws were adopted, the preamble to which
+read as follows:
+
+"The Christian women of this nation, conscious of the increasing
+evils, and appalled at the dangers and tendencies of intemperance,
+believe it has become their duty, under the providence of God, to
+unite their efforts for its extinction."
+
+This is the thought that since then has nerved the W. C. T. U. women
+in every city, town and village of the neighboring States,--
+"Appalled at the tendencies and dangers of intemperance," to combat
+this evil they have given their time and strength, their influence
+and their prayers.
+
+For five years Mrs. Wittenmeyer presided over this society of
+earnest workers, and during this time contributed greatly to its
+success by her wise and loving counsel, endearing herself to the
+hearts of all.
+
+In 1879 Miss Frances Willard was chosen president, and under her
+able administration and remarkable skill in leadership 100,000 women
+organized in unions are now marching onward to the goal of
+prohibition, bearing with them the hopes and prayers of many who
+would be in that procession if they could. We know that in the houses
+of many, even of the liquor sellers, sit pure women whose prayers go
+up quietly, but none the less sincerely, and with no less faith than
+those of the white ribboned army, for the downfall of the liquor
+traffic, and for the triumph of the gospel of peace and goodwill to
+man.
+
+It was largely through the effort of the W. C. T. U. women that the
+State of Kansas, on Nov. 2nd 1880, adopted the amendment to the
+constitution of the state, prohibiting the manufacture or sale of all
+intoxicating liquors, except for mechanical or medicinal purposes.
+
+In Ohio, in 1883, the whole campaign for the constitutional
+amendment was planned and directed by the president of the W. C. T.
+U., Mrs. Mary Woodbridge. In this she was ably assisted by all the W.
+C. T. U. women throughout the state. Such was the earnestness and
+spirit of sacrifice manifested that when, at one convention, the
+question of finance was discussed, it was unanimously decided that
+they would _go without gloves_ for a certain time, that they
+might have more money for this campaign. It is worth while for us to
+observe here that, in this contest, great importance was attached to
+the distribution of temperance literature. We are told that leaflets,
+cards, and circulars went out "by the bushel." Printed appeals were
+sent to all corporations and companies of any size, sermons were
+preached on the subject not on Sunday only, but in some places on
+every day of the week. On the day of the vote the ladies visited the
+polls, furnishing lunches to all, and gave out the ballots for the
+amendment. Over $20,000 was raised in that State during that year for
+the work undertaken by the W.C.T.U. Although they were not successful
+in gaining the amendment, the returns show that in many counties
+fraudulent count had been made, and it is believed by those in a
+position to know that an honest count would have carried the
+amendment by a large majority. As it was it received 323,167 votes,
+while the license amendment received but 98,050. A majority of any
+votes cast at the general election was necessary for adoption. In
+Florida the passage of the Local Option Bill was due, as one of their
+legislators testifies, to the influence of the W.C.T.U.
+
+For five years the women of Iowa, under the leadership of Mrs. J,
+Ellen Foster, had planned, pleaded and petitioned against the
+licensed system of that state. On the 27th June, 1882, the people
+adopted the constitutional prohibition amendment by a majority of
+29,759, the Supreme Court however declared that on account of some
+irregularity in the legislative steps of the passage of the
+amendment, it was of no effect and void. In March 1884, however, the
+Iowa Legislature passed a prohibiting law, which came into force on
+July 4th of the same year. And so another victory has been gained by
+the temperance women of the United States, and prohibition has been
+secured to another important state of the Union.
+
+For years the N.W.C.T.U. has been pressing for the insertion of one
+temperance lesson per quarter in the International series of Sabbath-
+school lessons, but without success.
+
+At the recent I.S.S. Convention, which met in Louisville, Ky.,
+yielding to the appeal so eloquently urged by Miss Willard, the
+convention recommended that the committee on preparation of lessons
+be instructed to include the quarterly temperance lesson in their
+series.
+
+Temperance text books have been added to the books of the public
+schools in Michigan, New Hampshire, Vermont and New York. This has
+been done under the management of Mrs. Mary Hunt, aided by the
+presidents of the different State Unions. This victory was the result
+of a systematic plan laid down by the N.W.C.T.U., the principal
+points of which are mentioned.
+
+The N.W.C.T.U. has also established at Chicago, a national organ,
+"The Union Signal," edited by Mrs. Mary B. Willard, which is
+considered to be one of the best conducted papers known. These are
+some of the successes gained by this society of active Christian
+women, the contemplation of which led J. B. Gough to declare that
+"after forty years of observation, he believed the W.C.T.U, was doing
+more real, solid work, than all other temperance societies combined."
+The work of the N.W.C.T.U. is classed as follows, each department
+being under the control of an active lady superintendent:--
+
+  Heredity and Hygiene.
+  Scientific Temperance Instruction.
+  Sunday-school Work.
+  Juvenile Work.
+  Free Kindergartens.
+  Temperance Literature.
+  Suppression of Impure Literature.
+  Relation of Intemperance to Capital and Labor.
+  Influencing the press--"Signal Service" work.
+  Conference with Influential Bodies.
+  Inducing Physicians not to Prescribe Alcoholic Stimulants.
+  Efforts to Overthrow the Tobacco Habit.
+  Suppression of the Social Evil.
+  Evangelistic.
+  Prison and Police Stations.
+  Work among Railroad Employees, Soldiers and Sailors.
+  Use of the Unfermented Juice of the Grape at the Lord's Table.
+  Young Woman's Work.
+  Parlor Meetings.
+  Kitchen Gardens.
+  Flower Mission.
+  State and County Fairs.
+  Legislature and Petitions.
+  Franchise.
+  Southern Work.
+  Work among Foreigners.
+  Work on the Pacific Coast.
+  Work among the Colored People of the North.
+  National Organization.
+
+
+IN GREAT BRITAIN.
+
+
+The influence of the "Woman's Crusade," and subsequently of the
+N.W.C.T.U., spread rapidly to other countries and led to the
+foundation of Women's Christian Temperance Unions in Great Britain,
+Canada, Australia, India and Japan.
+
+In Dundee, Scotland, the first British W.C.T.U. was formed. As the
+news of the whiskey war in America reached the women of that city,
+they, too, resolved to do something in this work. Under the
+leadership of Mrs. M. E. Parker, they obtained, in six days, the
+names of 9,800 women of the city to a petition, asking that no fresh
+licenses be granted and that many be withdrawn. Marching in
+procession to the Court House, they presented their petition, a scene
+never before witnessed in Great Britain. Four hundred members were
+immediately enrolled as members of a working society, and the
+influence of the Dundee W.C.T.U. was felt far and near. Afterwards, a
+British Woman's Temperance Association was formed, of which Mrs.
+Parker was president. This Association now has, in England, 195
+branches, with a membership of more than 10,000; in Scotland, fifty
+branches; in Ireland, about the same number, and a few also in Wales.
+
+Their work has been to use their influence in every possible way, in
+favor of temperance, with the medical profession, with Parliament,
+corporations and companies, and with ministers of religion. In 1883,
+they presented a petition in favor of Sunday closing, containing
+184,000 signatures. They have issued a cookery book, and a number of
+miscellaneous books and papers. Mrs. Lucas, sister of Hon. John
+Bright, has been president of this society for the past few years,
+and her stirring appeals to the women of England, have roused many to
+a sense of their responsibility, and kept them thoroughly alive and
+earnest in the work. Mrs. Lucas' meetings, public as well as others,
+are always well attended, and the greatest interest is manifested by
+her audiences in the subject which she presents with much tenderness
+and power. Other lady speakers, from the ranks of the W.C.T.U. in
+England, do good service in addressing meetings, both public and
+private, and the urgent invitations for help in forming societies are
+so numerous, that the constant demand is for more workers. One of the
+great needs of the Association has been (as the secretary stated from
+year to year) a paid organizer, whose time should be at the disposal
+of the society to visit the various branches and places where new
+Unions might be formed.
+
+The officers of this Association are in part:--President, Mrs.
+Lucas, No. 7 Charlotte street, Bradford Square, London, Eng.;
+Secretary, Mrs. Bradley, 16 Memorial Hall, Farringdon. W. London.
+
+Besides this society there are other associations in England
+composed of women only, who are doing good work for temperance,
+notably "The Liverpool Ladies' Temperance Association" organized in
+1864. The special object of this society is "To reclaim women of
+every grade of society, who have fallen into habits of intemperance,
+and to prevent those from falling who are already in circumstances of
+danger, by visitation, watchful care, and by every means which can be
+devised; also to spread Temperance principles in every possible way."
+They have six or more Missionaries constantly at work, and a "General
+Superintendent, who acts as secretary, and, with the assistance of
+ladies of the Committee, takes charge of special cases, which from
+the social position of the parties, require to be carefully and
+delicately dealt with." This society is doing its work more quietly,
+perhaps, than many others, but a work very much needed, and a service
+requiring much thought and patience, Christian sympathy and tact.
+President, Mrs. D. Parrel, 24 Waverley Road, Sefton Park, Liverpool,
+Eng.; Secretary, Mrs. H. Spring, Office--No. 2 Y.M.C.A. Buildings, 60
+Mount Pleasant, Liverpool.
+
+The Woman's Union of the Church of England Temperance Society, with
+Rev. Canon Ellison as President, is also in a flourishing condition.
+Eighty-five branches have been formed, also a "Servants' Branch," a
+"Branch for young women engaged in houses of business," and a "Branch
+for girls at restaurants and railway refreshment bars."
+
+Drawing-room meetings have been held with great success, some in the
+mansion of the Duke and Duchess of Westminster, and in the drawing-rooms
+of Lord and Lady Brabazon.
+
+The Working Women's Teetotal League, which has also been in
+operation for about eight years, has for its object to spread
+teetotalism amongst working-class women. Many thousands of pledges
+have been taken, and benefit societies have been formed under the
+guidance and supervision of this society.
+
+The Manchester W.C.T. Association is also doing a good work among
+the young, and in rescuing women from the thraldom of drink.
+
+The large and crowded cities of Great Britain present opportunities
+and demands for work of this nature, with which our younger country
+is not so familiar, but the motto of the B.W.T. Association bears a
+message to us equally strong "The Master is come and calleth for thee."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+OUR CANADIAN W.C.T.U.
+
+
+_History and Present Condition._
+
+ONTARIO.
+
+
+The first union in Canada, of which we have any record, was formed
+in Owen Sound, Ont. In the spring of 1874, shortly after the first
+note of the crusade had been sounded, a few earnest Christian ladies
+of that place, stirred by the report of what God was doing through
+their sisters in the Western States, meet to devise some plan, by
+which they could do something if not to prevent, at least to lessen
+the evils of intemperance in their town. At this meeting, held on the
+20th of May, a W.C.T.U. was organized under the presidency of Mrs.
+Doyle. The first work done by this Union was the general circulation
+of the pledge, and petitioning the council against granting saloon
+licenses, also asking that the number of tavern licenses be lessened,
+which request was granted. Petitions were also sent to the
+legislature at Toronto, asking for amendments to the license act, and
+the resolution to submit the Dunkin act to the people of that county
+was the result of the persistent efforts of the W.C.T.U. In the
+campaign for this purpose these ladies nobly assisted and stood side
+by side with other and older temperance organizations laboring for
+the general good.
+
+Picton Union was formed in the autumn of the same year, and the
+ladies of that Union aided largely in securing the passage of the
+Dunkin act in that county (P. E.). From this time unions were formed
+here and there, but there was no bond of union, no provincial society
+for Ontario until, in 1877, October 23rd and 24th, a conference of
+the existing unions was held in Toronto, and it was there decided to
+organize a Provincial Woman's Christian Temperance Union. Delegates
+were present from twenty-five unions, more than two-thirds of the
+local unions thus showing their interest in the object for which they
+had met. At this conference Mrs. Letitia Youmans presided, and at its
+close the officers elected were: President, Mrs. L. Youmans; Vice-
+presidents, one from each county; Cor. Sec., Miss Phelps, St.
+Catharines; Rec. Sec., Miss Alien, Kingston; Treasurer Mrs. Judge
+Jones, Brantford. For five years Mrs. Youmans was the beloved
+president of this provincial union, during which time she travelled
+extensively through Ontario, Quebec and the Maritime Provinces (as
+well as in the United States), organizing unions, and doing very much
+by her earnest and eloquent addresses to convince the public mind of
+the unrighteousness of the liquor traffic, and the necessity for its
+overthrow.
+
+During the last few years Ontario has shared in the general growth
+of temperance sentiment, and in common with other temperance
+organizations the W.C.T.U. has received an increase in membership,
+and has obtained a surer, warmer place in the hearts of the people.
+Recently, owing, no doubt, to the agitation of the Scott Act contest
+in many counties, and owing, too, to the earnestness and energy of
+many of the county superintendents of the Provincial Union, the
+number of societies has been more than doubled. The Ontario
+Provincial Union now comprises ninety-six unions, with a membership
+of about 2,600. The attention of this Provincial Union has been
+largely directed to the importance of introducing scientific
+instruction in our public schools. Dr. Richardson's "Temperance
+Lesson Book," and other text books on this subject, have been widely
+circulated in teachers' conventions and elsewhere; petitions have
+been presented to school boards, literature on the subject has been
+widely distributed, and during the spring months, while the Hon.
+Minister of Education was visiting the public schools at different
+points, he was waited upon in many places by deputations from the
+W.C.T. Unions, asking that temperance text books be introduced into
+the schools of Ontario.
+
+The committee to whose care this branch of the work is committed,
+also had an interview with Hon. Mr. Ross, Minister of Education, and
+presented a petition from the W.C.T. Unions, and other temperance
+societies, asking that scientific instruction in temperance be given
+to the children of the public schools. The Hon. Minister informed the
+deputation that a book on "Physiology and Hygiene," having special
+reference to the effect of alcohol on the human system, was now in
+course of preparation, and would be introduced in the course of study
+for next year.
+
+Medical conventions and assemblies have been approached, and
+correspondence had with synods, conferences and assemblies, on the
+medical uses of alcohol, and the use of the unfermented juice of the
+grape at the Lord's table. Many thousands of tracts have been sent
+out from the literature department of this Union (which department is
+just in its infancy), and a large number of newspapers supplied
+regularly with temperance items.
+
+General Officers of the Ontario W.C.T.U.--President, Mrs. A.
+Chisholm, 218 Albert Street, Ottawa; Ex-President, Mrs. Letitia
+Youmans, Picton; First Vice-President, Mrs. Tilton, Ottawa; Second
+Vice-President, Mrs. Cowan, Toronto; Recording Secretary, Miss
+Orchard, Galt; Corresponding Secretary, Mrs. Fawcett, Maple;
+Treasurer, Mrs. Brethour, Milton.
+
+Three Y.W.C.T. Unions in Ontario, at Hamilton, Ottawa, and Essex
+Centre, are doing good work in this temperance warfare. "Boys' night
+schools," "girls' sewing schools," and "bands of hope" are
+successfully carried on under their supervision. There are eleven
+departments of work in connection with this provincial union,
+corresponding to some of those so successfully controlled by the N.
+W. C. T. U.
+
+  Plan of Work and Lecture Department, Mrs. Tilton, Convener.
+  Literature, Mrs. Pratt, Convener, Hamilton.
+  Prison and Jail Work, Mrs. Rutherford, Convener, Toronto.
+  Legislative, Mrs. Youmans, Picton.
+  Press, Miss M. Phelps, Convener, St. Catharines.
+  Unfermented Wine at the Lord's table. Miss Wilmot, Convener, Milton.
+  County Fairs.
+  S. S. Temperance Work and Juvenile Unions, Mrs. Andrews, Convener.
+  Presenting Claims of Temperance to Influential Bodies, Mrs. M.
+  Fawcett, Maple.
+  Scientific Instruction in Temperance, Miss Orchard, Owen Sound.
+  Y.W.C.T.U. Work, Miss Scott, Ottawa.
+
+
+QUEBEC.
+
+
+In the year 1877, a W.C.T.U. was organized at Stanstead, P.Q., by
+Mrs. Charles W. Pierce, of Boston, who, for a few months, also filled
+the office of president. This Union was composed of members from
+three villages, viz.: Stanstead Plain, Rock Island, P.Q., and Derby
+Line, Vermont. Public meetings were held from time to time by this
+Union, prominent lecturers engaged, and a lively interest in
+temperance matters was manifested by the general public. Very much of
+the success of this Union is due to the counsel and instruction given
+by Miss Willard during her visit to Stanstead in 1878.
+
+The next Union formed was the Huntingdon Union, but it was not until
+the winter of 1882-83 that the W.C.T.U. work may be said to have
+gained a foothold in this Province. During this winter, Mrs. Youmans
+visited many places in the Province by invitation of the late Rev.
+Thomas Gales and prominent Christian ladies, giving public addresses
+and urging the ladies to more active work in this particular branch
+of Christian endeavor. The result of her labors was the formation of
+sixteen Unions and a general quickening and awakening to temperance
+truth.
+
+These Unions were soon at work. The education of the children in
+temperance principles received their special attention. Public
+temperance meetings were promoted, literature distributed, free
+reading rooms established, petitions circulated against license,
+temperance picnics, cottage and other meetings held, and a great
+amount of individual work done that has greatly aided and
+strengthened the cause of temperance in the Province. A Y.W.C.T.U.
+was formed at Point St. Charles, which is engaged in active work and
+will be found to be a social power whose weight and influence for
+good cannot well be estimated.
+
+On the 16th and 17th October, 1883, a meeting of delegates from
+local Unions was held in Montreal for the purpose of organizing a
+Provincial Union for the Province of Quebec. Thirty-five delegates
+were present; encouraging reports were given from the different
+Unions represented, showing a total membership of about 1,000, and a
+Provincial Union was at once organized with the following officers:--
+President, Mrs. Middleton, Quebec; first Vice-President, Mrs. Dunkin,
+Knowlton; second Vice-President, Mrs. Walker, Montreal; Corresponding
+Secretary. Miss Lamb, Quebec; Recording Secretary, Mrs. R. W.
+McLachlan, Montreal; Treasurer, Mrs. A. M. McKenzie Forbes, Montreal.
+
+In the organization of this Provincial Union, Mrs. E. McLaughlin, of
+Boston, Miss Anna Gordon (Miss Willard's secretary) and Mrs. S. W.
+Foster, of Knowlton, rendered valuable assistance.
+
+The departments of work arranged by this Provincial Union, are as
+follows:--
+
+  Heredity and Hygiene, Mrs. D. V. Lucas, Supt., Montreal.
+  Scientific Work, Mrs. Norton, Montreal.
+  Juvenile and S.S. Work, Miss Rhynas, Montreal.
+  Temperance Literature, and Influencing the Press, Mrs. Jack,
+  Chateauguay Basin.
+  Evangelistic Work, Miss Knowles, East Farnham.
+  Prison and Police Work, Mrs. Dean, Quebec.
+  Work among Intemperate Women, Mrs. Barker, Knowlton.
+  Social Work, Mrs. C. T. Williams, Montreal.
+  Legislation, Mrs. Geggie, Quebec.
+
+Each County Vice-President is, to a certain extent, responsible for
+the work in her county, and in this Province as well as in Ontario,
+they have proved themselves to be a band of faithful and efficient
+workers. In the short time which has elapsed since the formation of
+the Provincial W.C.T.U., and the election of county vice-president,
+with the assistance of their president, twenty new Unions have been
+added, making, in all, thirty-seven Unions, with a total membership
+of about 2,300. Of this number, more than 1,300 are in the City of
+Montreal. In this particular Union the fee is optional, which may
+account, in some measure, for the seeming disproportion in members.
+
+
+THE MARITIME PROVINCES.
+
+
+The first local union in the Province of New Brunswick was organized
+in the town of Moncton, in December, 1875, Mrs. (Rev.) J. E. Brown
+being president. Work among the children has largely engaged the
+attention of this society, while they have been faithful and
+persevering in their efforts to educate the public mind by means of
+lectures and distribution of temperance literature. They have also
+visited those engaged in selling liquors, and have reasoned with
+them, to some purpose, on the unrighteousness of their course.
+
+Unions were formed shortly after in St. John, Fredericton, Portland,
+Carleton and St. Stephen's. In all these places much work has been
+done, and general temperance sentiment very materially advanced.
+
+In October, 1879, in compliance with a call issued by the
+Fredericton Union, the delegates of the local Unions in that Province
+met to form a Provincial Union. Twenty delegates and visitors were
+present, representing five Unions, and the Prov. Union was at once
+organized, the following officers being elected:
+
+President, Mrs. Dunham, Portland, N.B.; Vice-Presidents, Mrs.,
+March, St. John, Mrs. McWilliams, Carleton, Mrs. Cunard, Portland,
+Mrs. Philips, Fredericton, Mrs. Wade, Woodstock; Secretary, Mrs.
+Steadman, Fredericton; Treasurer, Miss Lockhart, St. John; Auditor,
+Miss Carr, Carleton.
+
+Since that time the work in this Province has gone steadily forward,
+some new Unions have been added, and a deeper interest in temperance
+shown, by many who were formerly indifferent.
+
+In September, 1883, the Annual Meeting of this Provincial Union was
+again held in Fredericton, at which, invited delegates from N.S. and
+P.E.I. were present. Here it was decided that for the best interests
+of the Union work in those Eastern Provinces, the organization should
+be made Maritime instead of Provincial, representing Nova Scotia and
+Prince Edward's Island, as well as New Brunswick. This was done, and
+the following officers were elected:
+
+President, Mrs. Dr. Todd, St. Stephen. Vice-Presidents, one from
+each Local Union. Secretary, Miss Ella L. Thorne, Fredericton, N.B.;
+Assistant Secretary, Mrs. Denistadt, Moncton, N.B.; Auditor, Mrs. W.
+W. Turnbull, St John, N.B.; Treasurer, Miss Jane Lockhart, St. John,
+N.B.
+
+There are ten Unions in these Provinces. The exact number of members
+is not furnished, but if we may judge by the work accomplished, there
+must be very many workers in behalf of this cause in these Eastern
+Provinces.
+
+The lines of work followed have been similar to those laid down by
+the other Provincial Unions. The ladies of St John Union have,
+however, with the assistance of other Unions, and private
+subscriptions, erected a drinking fountain in their city at a cost of
+about $850. This is the first fountain erected by W.C.T.U. in Canada.
+
+The Portland Union has built a hall for its own use, where all Union
+meetings are held.
+
+Coffee houses and temperance hotels have been established, libraries
+have been opened, and much attention paid to the scientific
+instruction in temperance to the children of the public schools.
+
+The Provincial Union of British Columbia was formed in 1883, and
+comprised two local Unions, one in Victoria, organized at the same
+time as Provincial, and the other in New Westminster. Total
+membership 120. In addition to the branches of work undertaken by the
+other provincial Unions, this society has declared in favor of the
+ballot for women.
+
+President, Mrs., (Rev.) Pollard, Victoria, B.C., Cor. Sec. Mrs. D.
+A. Jenkins, Victoria, B.C.
+
+In Manitoba two local Unions have been organized. One in Winnipeg,
+Mrs. Monk, president, Mrs. Somerset, Secretary; and one Union in
+Brandon, President, Mrs. Davidson; Secretary, Mrs. Bliss. These are
+just beginning the good work, but at the end of another year, will
+have, doubtless, a record to give of many useful measures planned and
+executed, by means of which reformatory, educational, preventive and
+legislative work will have been effectually accomplished. Our
+Canadian women gratefully acknowledge the aid given us by many of our
+sisters across the border, who have greatly assisted us from time to
+time with wise counsel and stirring words of appeal. Especially do
+they remember the inspiration and fresh courage that came to them
+with the presence and influence of Miss Willard. The formation of the
+Dominion Union was largely due to her counsel, and to her visit and
+eloquent addresses we owe the British Columbia Union, provincial and
+local. Mrs. Emily McLaughlin has also won the hearts of all with whom
+she came in contact during her visits in Canada, and a large
+accession to the membership of the Unions has always followed her
+powerful and persuasive utterances.
+
+THE DOMINION W.C.T.U.
+
+For some months previous to the meeting of the Ontario Provincial
+Union in October, 1883, a correspondence had been carried on between
+some of the leading temperance women in the different Provinces,
+regarding the advisability of forming a Dominion Union. All were in
+favor of taking this step if any additional good could be gained, or
+if it would be of benefit to any. With this feeling, and acting upon
+the advice of Miss Willard, president of the N.W.C.T.U., who was
+present at the meeting, the Ontario convention appointed a committee
+consisting of Mrs. Chisholm and Mrs. Strachan, to confer with the
+executive of the Quebec Provincial Union, for the purpose of forming
+a Dominion Union, At the interview with the Quebec Provincial
+Executive, it was stated that from private letters received from
+other Provinces, there would be no difficulty in the way of
+organizing the proposed Union. It was also suggested that, in the
+event of such organization, no meeting should be called before 1885,
+as some of the Provincial Unions had so recently been formed, and
+would need all the thought and care that could be given them for a
+time, at least.
+
+After some questions and explanations, with a little discussion, it
+was decided that a Dominion Union be organized. A constitution was
+drawn up, similar to the one in use by the N.W.C.T.U., of the United
+States, and the following officers elected: President, Mrs. L.
+Youmans, Picton, Ont.; Vice-Presidents, Mrs. A. C. Chisholm, Ottawa,
+Ont.; Mrs. Middleton, Quebec; Mrs. Dr. Todd, Fredericton, N.B.; Mrs.
+Rev. Pollard, Victoria, B.C.; Corresponding Secretary, Mrs. Major
+Tilton, Ottawa, Ont.; Recording Secretary, Miss Renaud, Montreal,
+P.Q.; Treasurer, Mrs. Judge Steadman, Fredericton, N. B.
+
+The aim of this Union will be to unite more closely in their work,
+the Christian temperance women of the different Provinces, and to
+devise plans for the general good, these to be largely carried out by
+the Provincial Unions. Its first meeting will be held during the
+session of Parliament at Ottawa in 1885.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER V.
+
+WHY WOMEN SHOULD WORK.
+
+
+1. _For their own sakes._--In the years that are passed women
+have been to a great extent, "run in moulds like candles," and have
+been "long threes or short sixes," just as society chose to make
+them. Occasionally, one and another have refused to be run in the old
+mould, but seeing the need to be so great, and the workers so few,
+have stepped outside the narrow circle set round them, and with their
+faith and courage and persistent loving labor, have brought a new
+inspiration to the world's workers, and a new hope to the world's
+weary ones.
+
+This W.T.C.U. work opens up to women avenues of usefulness that for
+their own sakes they ought not to hesitate to enter. Thus engaged the
+circle widens and widens until the possibilities of usefulness are
+almost limitless. As the boundaries are set further on the thought
+and sympathy of women reach out gradually to their limit, broader
+views of life and of humanity are taken on, and a deep, great love
+for all God's suffering ones is added to the love of the heart for
+family and kindred. In this work is found something of real
+"fellowship with God," and we are enabled to understand something of
+His great love, even for the unlovable, and to rejoice as in the
+"presence of the angels of God," over His repentant, returning
+children.
+
+2. _For their Sisters' Sake._--It is a sad fact that we gather
+from the statistics and police returns of the large cities of England
+in relation to the drinking habits of English women. Referring to it
+the Archbishop of Canterbury calls it "The very dark shadow dogging
+the steps of the Church of England Society." "If," said His Grace,
+"drinking is introduced among the women of our middle or still higher
+classes, by means of grocers' licences, we need not think it will
+confine itself wholly to them. No, depend upon it, if any practice of
+women's drinking comes into use, we shall see it in its most open and
+shameless form." Those of us who have tried to do any work among
+drinking women, must admit the painful truth that a small number of
+such, comparatively, are ever recovered from the habit of drinking,
+and a very small proportion are rescued from the haunts of vice. When
+we think of this, and think too, of the hereditary taint, the craving
+for drink, transmitted from these mothers to their children, and of
+the lives of sin which, too often, follow, we do not wonder at the
+alarm expressed in the recent report of the House of Lords' Committee
+on Intemperance in these words, "Intemperance among women is
+increasing on a scale so vast, and at a rate of progression so rapid,
+as to constitute a new _reproach_ and _danger."_ While this
+is true of England, and while we grieve over the drinking habits of
+women in other countries, have we not reason to fear that our
+Canadian women are not free from this vice. Every district visitor
+knows, every city missionary is conscious of the fact, that the
+poverty, the distress in so many homes is not solely because "Father
+drinks," but often because "Mother sells everything for whiskey." And
+the drinking among women is not confined to the class mentioned, for
+can you not think of ladies of wealth and position in your community,
+whose names are always spoken in a sort of twilight tone and with a
+little sigh? Do you not know that while ladies go from our large
+cities to "spend months abroad," in some cases, these months are
+spent in inebriate asylums, while their friends fondly hope they may
+return cured? There are homes where the father dare not allow his
+daughters to attend an evening party, for fear that they may disgrace
+the family by taking too much wine, and acting in a silly manner.
+While we know these things to be true, we can not put them from us
+with a sense of freedom from responsibility. Let us then for our own
+sakes individually, in order that we may be made unselfish and
+loving, and more like the Divine Christ, step forward into this work.
+And for the sake of women, our sisters, let us come out of the narrow
+path of custom; let us brave opposition or ridicule, which is harder
+to bear, and be true-hearted and whole-hearted in this temperance work.
+
+3. _For the Children's Sake._--To women is largely committed
+the care of children in those first years of their lives when
+impressions for good or evil are readily received, and habits easily
+formed, and during this time principles may be firmly imbedded in the
+fresh soil that may grow to be a hedge against evil, a barrier
+between them and wrong in the coming years. Mothers have a great
+responsibility in this matter, and one from which they may not
+escape. If our children see the wine-glass on the home table, in the
+side-board, at our evening parties, will they not think wine-drinking
+right and safe, and will there be any fear in their hearts of that
+which at the last stingeth like a serpent and biteth like an adder?
+
+"The hardest blow I ever received," said a devoted mother, occupying
+a high social position in our land, "was when my eldest boy turned to
+me in answer to my expostulation with him about taking too much wine,
+and said, 'Mother, you know I learned to drink at home.'" So many
+have said, "If I had only known then what I know now, how different
+my home would have been, I would not now have to reproach myself for
+the wrongdoing of husband or of sons." Recently a member of one of
+our Christian churches, a lady of wealth and refinement, whose home
+was a home of luxury, and on whose hospitable board the wine-glass
+was placed as a matter of custom, during the long years of married
+life, was called to pass through a very painful experience, a very
+Gethsemane. Her eldest son had grown to be "a little wild," would go
+from home occasionally for a day or two, causing his parents great
+anxiety concerning him. On this occasion nearly a week had passed
+since they had seen him, when a message came to the mother from one
+of the city policemen. She hurried with the messenger to the gaol,
+there to meet her darling boy, the one in whom her fondest hopes had
+been centred, and for whom her brightest dreams had been so many
+times thought out, the boy she ceased not thinking of other than
+true, loving and pure,--to find him battered, bruised, and bleeding,
+with clothes disordered and torn, a sad example of the transformation
+which strong drink can produce. Some one writes, "It is sad to be
+disappointed in those we love," but who can tell the agony of that
+mother's heart as she looked at her shattered idol, and cried out,
+"My son, why will you drink and break my heart?" I shall not soon
+forget his reply, "Because you gave it to me at home," nor can I
+forget that mother's face as there came over her soul the awful
+realization of all that the thoughtlessness of custom had done for
+her boy. As we passed out she said, "No more wine at our table, God
+helping me," but while children still at home may be kept, it is too
+late for the eldest born. To day he is a wanderer from home, and
+mother, and God. While human hearts and human prayers follow him,
+God's mercy alone can reach and save.
+
+4. _For the safely of Home._--Home is emphatically the kingdom
+of woman. Here she is queen, and can order all its belongings as she
+deems best. To a very great degree its inmates are _subjects_ of
+her kingdom, and acknowledge her sway. The cases are few, perhaps,
+where her wishes are not respected, her right acceded to in all home
+arrangements. But to ensure a perfect home it is necessary that
+purity and peace should guard the threshold, that nothing unholy may
+enter, and that the noise of the world's strife pass not through.
+Here there should be rest and peace. The liquor traffic is the avowed
+enemy of the home. While this exists not one home is absolutely safe,
+not one household is quite free from danger. This enemy does not
+scruple to enter the rightful kingdom of woman to rob, murder, and to
+destroy, and to lay in ruins all that before was bright and
+beautiful. The strong man is made helpless under its influence, all
+loveliness withers at its touch, the darkness of its shadow shuts out
+the sunlight, and its breath of death is over all. While this is true
+we ought surely to act as if we believed it to be true, and do all in
+our power to bar the door against this destroyer. As women to whom
+God has given reason, intelligence, the blessings of a Christian
+education and much influence in our homes, we dare not bow down
+longer to a custom so fraught with evil and so ruinous in its
+effects. A bird will be quick to discover the approach of the
+serpent, and will spread its wings over the nest to protect its
+nestlings, and shall we not shield the dear ones in the home nest
+from the approach of this serpent, whose nature it is to kill and to
+destroy?
+
+5. _For the sake of Society._--While woman is queen of the home
+realm, she also reigns in society,--society which is made up from the
+homes of our land, If all homes were peaceful and pure, society would
+have no evils, there would be less necessity to warn and protect the
+innocent, and our newspapers would need small space to tell of moral
+wrecks, despair, murder and suicide. But until that time shall come,
+there is need for the influence of true, earnest women to so mould
+society that men and women shall be made nobler and better for being
+in their presence. The influence of such women is like the gentle
+dew, refreshing and enriching tender plant and opening flower; her
+example is as the sunlight, warming the heart and quickening the life
+to nobler deeds and guiding the wandering feet heavenward.
+
+All over our country, homes are constantly sending out their young
+men into business, into society, and the home life is exchanged for
+something new, Day by day we are meeting these, receiving them into
+our homes, making them welcome to our parlors. What shall our
+influence be upon them? A young man comes to a city with good
+recommendations; he has high hopes, gets into a good business, is
+made much of in society. He is a pure man, such as mothers would
+choose as companion for their sons and daughters. How many hopes and
+prayers have come with him from the home hearth, and how glad and
+proud his best friends are to know that he is doing well. As he
+spends his evenings in our homes, those evenings that would otherwise
+be very dreary, what will the home do for him? Shall women, who rule
+society, use their influence to disappoint all the bright home
+dreaming, to check all his high aspirations, and to make it very easy
+for him to become a victim to this appetite for drink? Not that this
+is ever intentionally done, but the history of many men, given years
+after in many of our Gospel temperance meetings, proves that this is
+terribly true.
+
+"I never offer anything to any one fond of liquor, not even on New
+Year's day," said a lady, "but none of _our_ young men are." Are
+we correct in saying that of any circle in society where wine is
+tasted, "none of our young men are." Women do not know, even the
+mothers in the same home do not know what young men know of each
+other. We do not see how the glass of wine at the evening party,
+where he can take a little, not too much, is followed later in the
+evening and till the daylight hours, by glass after glass of stronger
+liquor, taken amid far different surroundings.
+
+Many young men date their downfall from the first evening spent in
+society in a strange city, for while they could resist the
+temptations of young men companions, they have not been able to
+refuse the wine-glass at the hand of their hostess.
+
+In view of all these facts, so sad, so pitiful, ought we not for our
+own sake, for the sake of innocent children in our homes, for the
+sake of other women's children and other homes, and for the sake of
+society at large, in order to lead men and women, as best we may,
+towards all that is pure and holy, and away from all that is debasing
+and evil, ought we not to give our influence and our active help to
+this temperance work?
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+
+HOW WOMEN MAY WORK.
+
+
+Every human being has influence, and we may not know the effect of
+our words or of our silence. The fact being generally known that one
+is a member of the W.C.T.U. has sometimes a great influence. Recently
+one of our temperance workers spent a few weeks at the sea-side. She
+had no occasion to speak of her temperance principles, but as the
+little white envelopes marked W.C.T.U. went out from the office of
+the hotel from time to time, it soon became known that she was a
+temperance woman. Mrs. ---- one morning was very much interested to
+hear as she passed a bathing house near her own, "Here, take some
+brandy before Mrs. ---- comes down," and the reply, "Mamma, she don't
+take any, and the bathing don't make her sick." It was thought a
+necessary preventive in this case, but there was a silent influence
+that conveyed its disapproval. Yet there are many ways in which women
+may exert more than a silent influence in this work.
+
+1. _In the Home._--The time has gone by, when it was thought
+absolutely necessary to have the brandy bottle on the sideboard and
+in the kitchen, and when it was thought to be flying in the face of
+Providence if one made a voyage or took a journey without this
+companion. Years ago even temperance people dare not exercise quite
+enough faith and common sense to enable them to put this thing quite
+out of their homes, so for every ailment, for spleen and spasms, for
+tooth ache and toe ache, for head ache and heart ache, this wonderful
+remedy was used. This greater than all quack medicines, for
+_some_ of these do stop at _some_ point in their healing power,
+but this was thought to be _never failing_ in its virtue to
+alleviate, if not to cure. Women in the last few years have been wiser
+than the doctors, for while they looked only at alleviation of pain,
+wives and mothers began to look beyond that, at the probable
+acquirement of the taste for drink, and now this prescription is
+becoming less frequent. Let the women of Canada banish this liquor
+from their sideboards and kitchens, and from their medicine chests.
+Let it be given as medicine, only as a last resort, and by the advice
+of a careful physician. Let temperance papers be taken in the home,
+that young and old may see and know all that is going on in the world
+in relation to temperance. We have our political papers, our church
+papers, our fashion magazines, let us have, too, our temperance
+papers, books and magazines.
+
+Encourage the children to become members of a Band of Hope, and, if
+possible, go with them occasionally to their meetings, thus showing
+your interest in their particular work.
+
+We are glad to think the custom of supplying farm hands with beer is
+not prevalent in this country, but there may be places here and there
+where this has been customary. Here farmer's wives may provide a
+substitute in oatmeal drink, cold tea or coffee. These are a few of
+the many ways in which women may work for temperance in the home.
+
+2. _In Society_--To exercise an influence for good it is not
+necessary that we should always sit pledge books in hand, and talk on
+the subject of temperance, but while this question occupies such a
+large share of public attention as at the present time, there will be
+few communities where it will not form one of the topics of
+conversation. Then a quiet declaration of principles is the stand we
+must take. If we wear the white ribbon, the badge of our Union, it
+will often save us annoyance, and help us when necessary to speak the
+whole truth. It very often happens that our position is assailed, and
+then we should be able to give a reason for the stand we take. To
+this end our women should read and search out for themselves
+arguments based on scientific investigation, with which to meet
+opposition. We need to inform ourselves, not only as to the evil
+effects of alcohol on the human system, but how it produces this
+effect, the waste to the country in drink, difference between
+communities where prohibition is in force, and where licence reigns,
+&c. In giving and attending entertainments, parties, &c., be
+outspoken in your disapproval of wine drinking. This is no longer
+running the risk of being singular in society, for some of the
+highest dignitaries of this land and other lands have banished strong
+drink in every form from their tables and entertainments. Mr. Moody
+said recently, "Eight years ago it was difficult for me to mix in
+English society without being constantly pressed to drink wine. Now,
+I may say, broadly, I am never asked to touch it, and at many places
+where I go, it is not even on the table." Much of this change has
+been brought about by the influence of English ladies of rank, and by
+their warm espousal of the cause of the Blue Ribbon Army.
+
+Some of our ladies do not receive much company in this way, and have
+not this opportunity for helping on the right, but in quiet visits to
+and fro, their influence may accomplish much. To speak of a good
+temperance book to a friend, a book which we have just read, and in
+which we have been interested, to offer to lend it, saying you are
+sure she will be as interested in it as you have been,--this is not
+much, perhaps, but it is the sowing of the seed, which may produce
+fruit, such as we have not faith to think of, in the days to come.
+
+3. _In the School._--We have faith to believe that the schools
+will yet constitute one wing of this great temperance army, for we
+can never succeed fully without them. The voters of the present day
+may place a law upon the statute book, and temperance men and women
+will do their best for its enforcement, and find it a task beset with
+more or less difficulty. But the boys and girls in our public schools
+will be the masses of to-morrow. Let them be taught _now_ the
+nature and effects of alcohol on the human system, and to-morrow they
+will vote intelligently on this question, and will stand by the laws
+they have made.
+
+Many of our best women are engaged in teaching these boys and girls,
+and thus have a grand opportunity for good work in the temperance
+cause. If a text book on this subject be not in use, there are still
+ways in which a conscientious teacher, thoroughly alive to its
+importance, may convey to the minds of her pupils much of the truth
+about alcohol. She may procure Dr. Richardson's Lesson Book, or Dr.
+Ridge's Primer, so largely in use in the schools of England, Dr.
+Steele's Physiology and Hygiene, or the book authorized by the
+Educational Department of Ontario, now in course of preparation, and
+from any of these prepare a lesson, occasionally, for her scholars.
+Different phases of the temperance question might be put before them,
+in a very simple form, as subjects for their compositions.
+
+Recitations, with this end in view, might be had from time to time.
+In the town of Pembroke, Ont., one of the public school teachers has
+enrolled all the children willing to join, in a Band of Hope, with
+the name "Pembroke Public School Prohibition Army." The W.C.T.U. of
+that place contributed a very handsome banner to be carried by the
+little ones in their occasional processions, and to have in their
+place of meeting.
+
+Then women will have influence with school boards and trustees in
+many places, and may, by a simple request, gain their consent that
+temperance lessons be given by the teachers. Sometimes a general
+petition may be necessary, (always to be signed by a majority of
+_voters_) and this may be successfully arranged by women. Where
+the school is a denominational institution, it is wise also to
+approach the synod or conference to which it belongs. By patient and
+never tiring effort in city and country the schools will one day
+rally as a body to our help in this work.
+
+5. _In the Union._--It has been said so often by busy women
+whose hearts were nevertheless with the temperance work, "I will
+contribute to the funds of the Union, but it would be of no use for
+me to join, for I could not find time to attend the meetings." Yet,
+after all, it is better to join, better to be known as a
+_member,_ if you go only once in three months to a meeting. It
+is better for the Union, better for yourself, and better for your
+influence at home and in society. And let the members of the Union
+feel that the meeting is in part theirs, and that they are
+responsible for its success as they would be for the success of a
+party given in their own house.
+
+In both cases there are many circumstances which we must control or
+make the best of, and Christian politeness should never be absent.
+Outside of the meetings there is a wide field not only for general
+temperance work, but of special work for the Union. As we pay our
+social visits we may talk of the interesting meetings of the
+W.C.T.U., or of any special work we have in hand, inviting our
+friends to come and visit the Union, even if they do not wish to
+become members. Let this be done in an offhand way, and not in this
+style, "Now I've come to tell you how wicked you are to drink wine,
+and I want you to sign the pledge and join the Union." People cannot
+be scolded or driven into a new faith, but must be won by patience
+and love.
+
+The Loan Library of the Union ought to be kept in constant
+circulation among those who are not members, as well as among
+ourselves. Mrs. S.M.I. Henry's "Voice of the Home," and "Mabel's
+Work," have exerted an influence for good over the women of our
+country, and in one community the reading of these books led to the
+formation of a W.C.T.U. which has done good work, and rendered
+valuable assistance in the Scott Act contest. The circulation of
+works of this kind with those of a more solid nature will secure
+deeper thought on this subject, and a stronger desire to unite with
+the women of our land in their efforts to banish the liquor traffic.
+
+We can also be loyal to the Union, and to every member individually.
+While we see each other's infirmities more plainly perhaps than we
+see our own, let us cover them carefully, as far as we may, from
+those not in sympathy with us, and let the letters W.C.T.U. be indeed
+a bond of union.
+
+6. _By the Pen._--A W.C.T.U. paper or periodical in Canada is
+one of our great wants, perhaps the greatest. We have gifted ones in
+our societies, who have it in their power to make its pages
+interesting and instructive, but we lack the necessary funds. The
+little "Telephone," the organ of the W.C.T.U. of the Maritime
+Provinces, which has recently made its appearance, is a credit to
+that society, as well as to its editor and publisher, Mrs. Cowil, a
+woman self-taught in the art of printing, and full of faith and
+courage in their new enterprise. All over our land there are women
+ready with their pen, whose message has been long delayed, and whose
+thoughts we need. While, as yet, we have no paper of our own, the
+best papers of our Provinces will open their columns for the
+contributions of thoughtful writers on this temperance question, and
+we should take advantage of this in order to bring our W.C.T.U. work
+more prominently before the public, and to help on the cause of truth
+and right. In each county there might be found, at least, one woman
+who would write for the papers of that county, or send selections
+concerning the work, better if one such be found in each union. Very
+often incidents occur in the reformatory phase of the work the
+publication of which may have a greater effect on the public mind
+than the closest reasoning. If our women will only use their pens in
+these cases it will tell for good. Then, too, privately, we may do
+much. A little note to this one, a friendly letter to another, a few
+lines of encouragement to a weak one, a warning of love to another,
+these stay by one when the sound of words has passed away, and who
+may estimate the result? The most quiet and retiring may do, those
+who for many reasons feel themselves shut out from anything more
+public.
+
+7. _On the Platform._--This is what our Canadian women shrink
+from. One of our most distinguished clergymen recently said, "It is
+not because our ladies have less talent than those of other lands,
+that they do not come to the platform, but because they have so
+little confidence in themselves." While this may be so there is still
+another reason. We know that in this country there exists a prejudice
+against women speakers, stronger than even in England, and certainly
+greater than obtains in the United States. This knowledge has
+deterred many from yielding to the conviction of duty. Dear sisters,
+this should not be. The first commission given to women was from the
+risen Saviour, "Go and tell the brethren." If to-day there are those
+among our number who have received a message from the Divine One, if
+to them the command has come to tell of the love of God to suffering
+humanity, are they doing well who refuse? If we have something to say
+let us say it in the fear of God, whether man will "hear or forbear."
+As county superintendents or vice-presidents there is scope for the
+exercise of this gift. All our counties need to be thoroughly
+canvassed, and in many places addresses given on this subject, in
+order that people may be roused to their duty, and that new unions
+may be established. There are few of us that may be called to leave
+our homes for the public platform, but there is often a necessity at
+our very doors, and if the opportunity, the need come to us let us
+with faithful earnestness and prayerful faith give to others our best
+thoughts and our wisest counsel in relation to this great subject
+before us.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+
+HOW TO FORM A W.C.T.U.
+
+
+There are, at least, a few earnest Christian women in every
+community who are thoroughly convinced of the great benefit such a
+society would be to the place in which they live. In many of the
+counties of Ontario and Quebec, a vice-president or superintendent is
+appointed for county work. It would be advisable to correspond with
+her on this subject, and an invitation given her to meet the ladies
+with a view to organization. In some counties no vice-president has
+been appointed, but, because it has not yet been done, let not ladies
+be deterred from having a W.C.T.U. Send to the Provincial
+Corresponding Secretary for constitutions and plans of work, and then
+ask your pastors to announce that a meeting for the organization of a
+W.C.T.U. will be held at time and place designated. It is well to see
+the pastors of different churches, and solicit their aid in this
+undertaking. And it is also wise to spend some time in interviewing
+ladies of the different congregations so that there may be a general
+interest. A notice similar to the following may be inserted in the
+daily paper, as well as announced from the pulpit, a week previous to
+the meeting.
+
+"A meeting of ladies in favour of the temperance cause will be held in
+---- on ---- at ---- o'clock, when the advisability of organizing a
+"Woman's Christian Temperance Union" will be considered. Nearly 5,000
+Christian women of Canada are banded together in W.C.T. Unions, for
+the protection of their homes, and for the good of society. The
+influence and help of the ladies of ---- is needed. Mrs. ---- of ----
+authorized by the Prov. W.C.T.U. will address the meeting, on the
+history, aims and methods of this work. The presence of pastors is
+cordially invited, and all ladies are earnestly requested to attend."
+If no such speaker is expected this part will, of course, be omitted.
+One of our strongest Unions was organized by a Christian lady of the
+town, who had heard and read and thought much of the work of Women's
+Christian Temperance Unions. Before the time arrives ask your pastors
+to share with each other in the opening exercises, but if none are to
+be present arrange with one of your number accustomed to such
+exercises, to open the meeting. Have some one ready to lead the
+singing, let a suitable portion of Scripture be read, Crusade, Psalm
+1461(1), Parable of the "Good Samaritan," or other fitting selection,
+prayer offered, asking the ladies to repeat the Lord's Prayer, with
+the leader at the close. One of the ladies will then move that Mrs.
+---- be chairman of this meeting. This will be seconded and put to
+vote, and the chairman will take her place. A temporary secretary will
+be elected in a similar manner, who will keep the minutes of the
+meeting. In the event of no speaker from a distance being present, the
+chairman or some lady who has prepared it will state the object of the
+W.C.T.U. its history and its work, giving an outline of the different
+departments with their work. Items may be given from recent issues of
+the newspapers showing the alarming prevalence of intemperance and the
+necessity for all to use their influence and talent in opposing it.
+
+After this has been done, a few minutes may be given to answering
+any questions that may be asked, in order that all may see clearly
+what they are doing. In this way the doleful experience may be
+avoided, "Yes, we were organized, but we do not know what to do."
+
+Some one will then offer a resolution that a W.C.T.U. be organized.
+This motion will be seconded and put to vote by the chairman. We have
+been accustomed to vote by the uplifted hand, while our American
+sisters vote "Yea" and "No." The sound of the human voice is helpful,
+and voting in this way may be more satisfactory. Then read the
+constitution, by-laws, and pledge. Explain fully the membership fee
+of 50 cents per year or 12 1/2 cents per quarter, half of which goes
+to the Provincial Union. Explain that the committees of Provincial
+Union being all at work, money is needed to pay necessary expenses of
+these and of the general officers, some of whom give the most of
+their time, without remuneration, to this work. Explain, too, that an
+organizer is needed to whom we can pay a salary, who will organize
+new unions, and visit all unions regularly. If 6 1/4 cents per member
+is sent quarterly to our Provincial Unions, it will provide the means
+for thus enlarging the work.
+
+Take time to answer all questions on these points. Some may object
+to taking the pledge, as their physicians sometimes prescribe it as
+medicine. We pledge ourselves not to use it as a "beverage" only.
+Some may be obliged to administer it to others as medicine. This does
+not violate the pledge. Other objections may be stated and met.
+
+When constitution, etc., have been adopted by the meeting, send out
+ladies, previously requested so to act, and provided with pencils and
+paper, to solicit members. Should any be unprepared, the fee may be
+paid another time, and may be made payable quarterly or yearly.
+
+The election of permanent officers is next in order. If it is
+thought best, a committee on nominations may be appointed by the
+chair, said committee to represent the different churches, and who
+shall report at some near day fixed by the meeting. It may be
+desirable, however, to proceed at once to ballot for officers, and by
+this method a truer expression of opinion is generally reached.
+
+The president duly elected then takes the chair, and vice-presidents
+are elected. These should be one from each church in the place.
+
+Then the secretaries, recording and corresponding, and treasurer are
+elected, also superintendents or committees of the different
+departments which may be thought advisable. It has been found to work
+well where the vice-presidents, one from each church, are made
+conveners of these committees, or superintendents. These conveners of
+committees or superintendents of departments with the general
+officers constitute the executive. In a small place it may be as well
+to transact all business in an open meeting of the union. Our ladies
+are supposed to be loyal to the W.C.T.U., and will not make public
+matters intended _only for the Union._
+
+The place of next meeting will now be determined and announced. A
+meeting of the executive committee will also be appointed by the
+president, to confer upon the details of the work. A very good quorum
+for the executive and for the union, consists of such members as
+shall be present at any regular or special meeting, due notice having
+been given of such meeting. A motion will now be made to adjourn, and
+carried. The President says, "The meeting is adjourned to meet"--
+naming time and place.
+
+The doxology may be sung or a short prayer offered at the close.
+
+
+COMMITTEES AND THEIR WORK.
+
+Executive Committee will plan the general work of the Union, and
+attend to any special business that may be brought before them by the
+corresponding secretary. This committee will meet weekly, and report
+through their chairman to the Union.
+
+Committee on Finance may be composed of ladies and gentlemen, who
+will devise ways and means for raising funds for the general work.
+The finance card and envelope is one of the best methods by which to
+educate the people to _systematic_ giving.
+
+
+PLEDGES FOR TEMPERANCE WORK.
+
+Dear Friend.--The evils of intemperance are sufficiently startling
+to cause every good man and woman to seek for their removal. Many
+homes are ruined by it; many children robbed; many men and women
+reduced to drunkenness and death; even those not yet touched by it
+are not sure that they shall remain exempt. It threatens every child,
+every home, every youth, every man.
+
+The Women's Christian Temperance Union, mothers and sisters, to whom
+home means so much, have banded themselves together to do what they
+can to oppose it. We do our work among the children, by teaching,
+distributing temperance literature, etc. We seek out the intemperate
+and ask them to reform, assisting them with pecuniary aid when
+necessary. We use our influence to purify the homes and to put away
+social drinking customs.
+
+We are willing to work. Will you not help us with your means?
+
+Please mark with an X upon the sum you will give EACH month of the
+coming year. Be it little or much, it will aid us. And we do wish,
+that every woman to whom this appeal is made, would become a member
+of our W.C.T.U., and encourage us by coming into our meetings.
+
+Please write your name.
+
+Residence.
+
+
+FIFTY CENTS A YEAR AND SIGNATURE TO OUR PLEDGE CONSTITUTE MEMBERSHIP.
+
+As the months come round, take the envelope bearing the name of that
+month, put in the amount pledged, and deposit it as directed by the
+person circulating these cards.
+
+If you have neglected any month the empty envelope will remind you
+of it. Don't destroy it--use it--put in the money and deposit it.
+
+The LORD loveth a cheerful giver.
+
+Committee on Literature will secure suitable temperance literature,
+and distribute it in hotels, cars, reading-rooms, depots, stores,
+restaurants, at public meetings, from house to house, etc.
+
+Committee on Juvenile work should be composed largely of young
+ladies enthusiastic in their work. There should be a representative
+secured, if possible, from every Sabbath and day school. They will
+organize Bands of Hope and circulate the pledges (triple, if
+possible), in the Sunday Schools. They will also see to the
+introduction of temperance books into Sunday School Libraries.
+
+Committee on Public Meetings and Entertainments will arrange for
+lectures, readings, concerts, temperance mass meetings and gospel
+temperance meetings on Sabbath afternoons, mothers' meetings, cottage
+prayer meetings, etc. At very many of these meetings it is desirable
+to have the pledge circulated.
+
+Committee on New Members will endeavor to secure new members for the
+Union, and will also visit those who may have been absent for some
+time.
+
+Committee on Benevolent work will look after the poor of the town,
+especially after those families suffering from the effects of
+intemperance. Where there are purely benevolent societies in the
+town, the work of this committee will be only supplementary.
+
+Press Committee will select extracts from temperance books and
+papers, to be published regularly in the columns of the local papers,
+also to specially report the work of the W.C.T.U. both local and
+general. If the committee cannot itself reach the newspaper, perhaps
+it can through the aid of some influential _honorary member._
+
+Committee on Scientific Instruction in Temperance will visit school
+directors, and authorities in public and private schools, and urge
+the introduction of Dr. Richardson's lesson book, or the new
+temperance lesson book to be issued by the Education Department of
+Ontario. Suitable literature on the subject might be judiciously used
+on these visits. An informal social reception of teachers in the town
+might be held or arranged for by this committee where the subject
+might be discussed.
+
+Committee to secure the unfermented juice of the grape at the Lord's
+Table will visit not only the pastors, but influential leading
+members of the different churches, not to argue the matter, but to
+ask, as the N.W.C.T.U. does, that "in deference to the Golden Rule,
+and the Pauline doctrine of regard for the weaker brother, the
+fermented wine be no longer used." Suitable literature on this
+subject, as on all others, may be had from our Literature Department.
+
+Committee on Coffee and Reading Rooms will, if desirable, provide a
+place of this kind, putting it in charge of a suitable person.
+
+Other committees may be added as the work demands. Let each
+committee read up and thoroughly understand their subject, the
+convener especially should know _just what she wants,_ as she
+goes about this branch of the work, and be able to tell _just why
+it is needed._ This will, in the first place, be a gain.
+Politicians, potentates, and preachers will not be able to put us off
+or confuse us by asking many questions in connection with the work
+that we are unable to give.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII.
+
+QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.
+
+
+Q.--Why should our Union be auxiliary to the Provincial Union?
+
+A.--We are convinced that the affiliation fee and the reasons for
+requiring it have not been properly understood by our Unions. They
+have said, Why should we pay 6-1/4 cents per member, quarterly, into
+the Provincial Union fund. We answer, Because without it the
+Provincial Union could not exist.
+
+Q.--Why should it exist?
+
+A.--Because there is strength in united effort. If local Unions here
+and there in isolated places exert an influence for good, a large
+band of workers sending their representatives to a central place to
+consult together and devise method? for the extension of the work
+throughout the Province will certainly wield a greater power, and do
+more good. All our church organizations, our various charitable and
+reform associations are based on this principle, and the wisest
+politicians assure us that system and organization is worth more to
+their party than argument or brilliant speeches. Union is strength.
+As the delegates from local Unions come together to discuss matters
+of interest pertaining to the work, to devise plans and to compare
+notes, a new confidence is gained, a more enlarged view is had of the
+temperance field, and a more intelligent understanding of the general
+need. Then, too, it is impossible for the workers thus to come
+together without realizing the benefit that results from the
+interchange of thought and ideas, and from the influence of mind on
+mind, and the inspiration thus received is imparted by them to the
+home Unions, and all are helped.
+
+Q.--What is done with the money?
+
+A.--In 1883, $95 were paid into the Provincial Treasury of Ontario
+Unions, by local Unions, as affiliation fees, which sum covered
+merely the postage account of general officers and expenses of
+committees. All other expenses of travel and of the convention, about
+$200, were met by collections at the convention, and by special
+contributions, Mr. Gordon of Ottawa sending a cheque for $50.
+
+We need also an _organizer,_ who shall be able to give her
+whole time and thought to Union work, who shall organize new Unions,
+and visit all regularly. These needs cannot be met without money, but
+if our thousands of temperance women in Canada will make this a
+personal matter to see that 6-1/4 cents are sent each quarter to the
+Provincial Union, we shall soon be in a position to employ an
+organizer, and thus do better work.
+
+Q.--How shall we distribute Literature?
+
+A.--Divide the place into districts, each lady or two ladies taking
+a district. Have these districts as small as possible. The visitors
+will visit every house in their district regularly, leaving suitable
+literature, as they will soon ascertain something of the tastes and
+needs of those whom they visit. Sometimes the pledge book may be
+presented and members solicited for the Union. A book from the Loan
+Library of the Union may often be lent where a leaflet might not be
+appreciated.
+
+Another way is to send through the post office to those whom you
+wish to reach.
+
+Sometimes, our ladies have stood at the entrance to factories,
+foundries and large establishments giving a leaflet to each man as he
+came out. "Advantages of Temperance" is a very good small leaflet to
+be given in this way.
+
+On all our fair grounds there should be a stand of temperance
+literature.
+
+In hospitals much of this work should be done. Many have leisure
+there, recovering from illness, that they never find outside its
+walls, the heart is softened and ready for the dropping of the seed,
+and the door stands open for the entrance of right influences and
+loving sympathy. In gaols, in depots, barbers' shops, post offices,
+steamboats, anywhere we may obtain permission let it be done, if
+possible, by our ladies themselves.
+
+In Sabbath School Libraries ask permission for the Union to send a
+few good temperance stories, or, better still, let a suggestion be
+offered to the librarian or committee on new books to purchase some
+temperance books as additions.
+
+Q--How shall we raise money for our work?
+
+A.--First with the "Finance Card." Take a Union of 20 members, their
+membership fee brings them in $10, of this $5 goes to the Provincial
+Union, so they have only $5 left. They will want more. Now let each
+member take ten finance cards, and from among her friends and
+acquaintances ask ten to contribute something monthly to the funds of
+the Union, suppose it be only 5 cents each per month, that will be
+from ten persons 50 cents per month, or $6 per year. If each one of
+the twenty members should get no more than this, they have then
+$120.00 per year coming in for their work. It needs a little thought
+and attention, but it pays.
+
+Apron socials are popular and generally help to increase the funds,
+as there is always a demand for useful aprons.
+
+Pound socials have been successful also. To this each person
+contributes a pound of something useful, all of which is sold by
+auction during the evening, causing a good deal of amusement.
+
+An evening with a celebrated author is very much in vogue now, and
+is helpful in many ways. For instance, an evening with Dickens is
+observed in the following way: A number will personate the leading
+characters in any of Dickens' works, talking only in language and
+tone suited to the character, the invited guests ascertaining from
+his acquaintance with Dickens just where they belong. This can be
+done with or without costumes. Light refreshments are served by the
+Dickensites during the evening. The usual fee taken at the door. New
+England Kitchens may be made to bring in something to the funds. Here
+you will need several old-fashioned dressers, the shelves furnished
+with rows of plates, the more old-fashioned the better, and
+everything to make it look like a real New England Kitchen.
+Refreshments will be doughnuts, pumpkin pie, brown bread, pork and
+beans, and such like. It would pay to have it in a city for two or
+three days, open at the dinner hour.
+
+Floral Festivals pay very well in the early spring, before people
+generally are supplied with plants. Let the room be nicely decorated
+with evergreens, flags and bunting, small booths arranged similarly
+trimmed, in which the flowers and plants shall be placed, some music
+furnished, 10 cents admission charged, refreshments and plants extra.
+The plants can be bought by the 100 at a very cheap rate.
+
+If at all possible, let all our social entertainments be opened with
+prayer.
+
+Q.--How shall we help in Scott Act work?
+
+A.--Most of all by the faithful distribution of temperance
+literature, and by providing funds for its purchase. By educating the
+children in regard to it, giving them at their Band of Hope meetings,
+in simple language, the reasons why every one should work and vote
+against it. Many a father has been won by his child.
+
+By selecting articles on the subject, and having them inserted in
+the daily papers.
+
+By praying for its success in your church prayer meetings, and
+encouraging others to do the same. By prayer as a Union, and by
+private prayer. By looking after every branch of the temperance work
+more closely, so that every influence may be brought to bear on all
+classes and conditions of society.
+
+Q.--Can ladies be received into our society without signing the
+pledge?
+
+A.--The suggestion has been made that such be received as "associate
+members" or "well-wishers" having every privilege except the vote.
+
+Q.--When scientific temperance instruction is introduced into the
+public schools, what remains for the committee on that subject to do?
+
+A.--To see that the _law_ is _enforced._ The schools should be visited
+at the hour when this study is on the programme. Conscientious teachers
+will welcome your presence.
+
+Q.--Should the executive of a local Union arrange and finally decide
+matters without consulting the Union?
+
+A.--The report of the meetings of the executive should be read at
+each regular meeting of the Union. Every member has a right to
+object, or to ask for explanations and the report will be amended,
+received or rejected as the Union shall determine.
+
+Q.--Shall accounts be paid without the sanction of the Union?
+
+A.--Certainly not.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IX.
+
+YOUNG WOMEN'S WORK.
+
+
+It is very important that the interest and sympathy and active help
+of our young ladies be secured in this work.
+
+There is in the heart of every human being a yearning for something
+higher and better. Coupled with this yearning in the heart of woman
+is the desire to do for others. Ever since the days when a woman
+washed the feet of the Holy One with her tears, when the fever healed
+patient arose and "ministered to them," when the Marys prepared sweet
+spices and ointment for Him they loved, ever since that time have
+women delighted in service for others, and thus, in the highest,
+broadest forms of Christian philanthroxphy, they may come to be more
+like the loving Christ who went about doing good. We covet for
+humanity the influence of our young ladies, for in the home and in
+society this influence is needed on the side of all that is good and
+pure. Then, we would for their own sakes, enlist them in temperance
+work, because, engaged in this or similar service they gain for
+themselves a breadth, an expansion of views, and a truer thought of
+life. Many have not given the subject a serious thought: they
+graduate from our seminaries and colleges where every hour has
+brought its work and every power has been in action, they come back
+into quiet homes, and "What shall I do now?" is the question
+presented to their minds. Society soon fills in their time with
+imperious but frivolous demands, and while the mothers enter into
+this Christian work, young ladies soon come to think it is not for
+them. In time they drift into wifehood and into positions of
+responsibility of training bodies and souls, with no decided
+principles in relation to this question, and no intelligence as to
+the evil effects of this great scourge of intemperance. How sad it is
+to hear such an expression as this, "Oh, I rather like a man when he
+has had just enough liquor to be jolly." Yet, that was the remark of
+a fashionable young lady not long ago. Her listener was a young man
+who took strong drink, and for whom his friends were anxious, but in
+his heart there was no respect for this foolish, thoughtless speech,
+and his dry "Ah, do you?" savored just a little of contempt for her,
+and pity for himself.
+
+Take a different scene. Recently, I spent a day with a few Christian
+women, most of whom were young ladies, members of the Y.W.C.T.U. It
+was delightful afterwards to remember that on that occasion no word
+of faultfinding or of gossip was spoken, no frivolous or
+_fashionable_ talk, but the hours sped by on wings as they
+talked of earnest work done, narrated incidents and planned for the
+future. These were young ladies _in society,_ bright and happy
+in their experience, not those to whom disappointment has come in
+some form or other, and to whom the world offers no attractions. I
+recall the words of one who was talking earnestly of a scheme to
+raise money for their work. "But the best of all is," said she, "in
+this way we can get Mr. ---- to work with us, and if he will only
+sign the pledge it will be worth more than all the money we make" Is
+not this a lesson to us older workers, who are disappointed sometimes
+when what we call large results do not follow our undertakings?
+
+A young lady in the city of ---- joined the Y.W.C.T.U. during the
+winter of 1881. At a sleighing party shortly after wine was offered
+her. "I cannot take it," she said. "I am a member of the Y.W.C.T.U."
+Many were the exclamations, for she was a favorite and an
+acknowledged leader among her companions, but she had thought it all
+over, and had her reasons ready. "If you won't take wine _we_
+won't," said one. "If the ladies don't take it, we won t," said one
+of the gentleman, so coffee and hot lemonade were served instead, and
+to-day most of that company are taking the safe path, and the
+gentlemen are honorary members of the W.C.T.U. When young men come to
+see that young ladies expect them to be total abstainers, they will
+lift themselves up to a higher plane and to a purer manhood.
+
+Dear, young ladies, will you not give to the temperance cause a
+little of the time which sometimes hangs heavily on your hands? Will
+you not consecrate to its service a portion of the talent with which
+God has endowed you? Will you not join the band of sister-workers,
+who are endeavoring to bless and uplift humanity, and by voice, pen,
+and influence help to make earth a little more like heaven?
+
+There are, at present, three Y.W.C.T. Unions in the Province of
+Ontario, and one in Quebec Province. Hamilton Y.W.C.T.U., the first
+organized, is now two years old, and has 50 members besides 65
+honorary members. Their work is, first, night schools for boys
+employed during the day time; second, sewing schools for poor girls;
+third, band of hope; fourth, flower mission. These branches of work
+with _occasional_ social entertainments keep them very busy. To
+these socials, honorary members and others are invited, papers on the
+temperance question are read and discussed, the pledge album
+presented, refreshments served, and the result is an increase in
+numbers and in interest.
+
+Ottawa Y.W.C.T.U. was organised in October 1884, has 50 members and
+30 honorary members. The work of this Union is similar to that of the
+Hamilton Union, in addition to that, however, the members of this
+Union meet twice in the month in a reading circle for the purpose of
+gaining information on the many phases of the temperance question.
+
+Essex Centre Y.W.C.T.U. has been in existence only a few months, but
+is doing a fine work among the children.
+
+Point St. Charles Y.W.C.T.U. is in connection with a Young Ladies'
+Mission Band of that place. This united society is engaged in active
+work, and will be found to be a social power whose weight and
+influence for good cannot well be estimated.
+
+These Unions report that boys under 12 years of age attending the
+Night Schools and Bands of Hope in connection with these Unions in
+some instances have come to the meetings under the influence of
+liquor, and nine out of ten attending the Night School, smoke their
+cigarettes or chew their tobacco up to the last moment before
+entering the room. Our young ladies, however, seem to have had a
+magnetism over these boys, their obedience and affection have been
+secured, and an interest also in better things, a result which older
+hands have tried in vain to accomplish. This is shown in the marked
+improvement in manner, cleanliness of person, and the giving up of
+tobacco and signing the pledge. The Flower Mission has brought a glow
+of pleasure to many a sick face as the little bouquet has been
+offered by the young ladies in the hospital wards, in the sick room
+of many homes, and sometimes in the jails. Into all these places the
+beautiful gifts of God have been taken, each cluster of flowers
+bearing with it a floral text of scripture, and the earnest prayer of
+glad young hearts, that God would speak through their offering, to
+forgive, to comfort, and to save.
+
+Miss Scott, 26 Albert street, Ottawa, is Superintendent of this
+Department.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER X.
+
+A DREAM.
+
+No. 1.
+
+
+I went to the regular meeting of a W.C.T.U., called for 3 P.M. I
+entered as the clock struck. The room was full of chairs and benches,
+a large room with few windows and dark corners. There were three hymn
+books on the table, and a dusty Bible. The clock ticked on, five
+minutes passed, ten minutes, and one timid woman entered, took no
+notice of me, but sat with her eyes fixed on the floor, a sad faced
+woman I saw as I looked more closely, a tired, hopeless expression in
+the droop of her figure. Five minutes more and two busy women came in
+with a rush. "What! _nobody_ here? I wish people would be
+punctual," said one, "I can only stay half an hour," "I have another
+meeting," said the other. The sad faced woman and I were
+_invisible,_ it seemed, as neither by look nor act did they
+acknowledge our presence. Then three more strolled in leisurely, one
+saying, "Oh, Mrs. A., is this meeting at three or half past? I really
+forget the hour." Afterwards a few young ladies came in, and seated
+themselves in a row, keeping up a whispered conversation in which the
+pronouns he, she, and I, were often heard. At half-past three the
+President came in, saying, "I am afraid I am a little late, my watch
+does not seem to be quite right." Taking a hymn book, she asked,
+"What had we better sing, Mrs. B., have you any choice?" No choice
+being signified, the leaves were turned over and over, and "Plunged
+in a gulf of dark despair" selected and read. "Will some one start
+the tune? Mrs. C. will you?" Mrs. C. looked around, waited a minute,
+and then asked, "Is it common or long meter?" Another pause. The
+little timid woman began a familiar tune, and had the privilege of
+singing the first two lines alone. The hymn finished, the President
+said, "As it is so late, we will dispense with the reading of the
+Scriptures. I will ask Mrs. A. to lead in prayer," at which Mrs. A.
+shook her head. "Mrs. C. then will you?" "Excuse me," said Mrs. C.,
+so to the back of her chair the president prayed in a very subdued
+tone, and I knew _just when_ she was through by the little
+rustle and moving of the chair as she arose. The secretary now read
+the minutes, after which the president said, "Those in favor of the
+minutes will signify it." Two or three hands went up. The treasurer's
+report was then presented, but no action taken on it. Although this
+was a large town there seemed to be no committees at work, but each
+member had been furnished with a pledge book, in which to obtain
+signatures. No one had any success to report, had quite forgotten it,
+except the little woman mentioned. She produced her book where the
+names of half-a-dozen were scrawled with a good thick pen and plenty
+of ink. Her report was received in silence. The president, secretary,
+and treasurer talked across the table in very low tones, the rest of
+the company whispered a little, finally Mrs. ---- said, looking at
+her watch, "My half-hour is more than up, I must go." She walked out,
+followed by the young ladies. The low tones at the table ceased, the
+books were closed, the ladies put on their extra wrappings and went
+home. The little woman and I were left alone. "Will you let me see
+your book?" I asked. "Oh yes," said she. "I got some of the young men
+boarding with me to sign, and I hope they'll keep it. I pray they
+may. I _thought_ the sisters would be glad. I wish I could do
+more, but it does not seem worth while for _me_ to come to the
+meetings. I cannot talk much, and I have so much to do at home. I can
+work quietly there and among my acquaintances." As I passed the young
+ladies on the way home, I overheard one say, "I am not going to the
+Union meetings any more. Two or three do all the talking, and we
+can't hear what they say." That evening, as I heard in my dream, the
+president said to her husband, "I think once in two months is often
+enough to hold our Union meetings. There seems to be nothing to do."
+Then I thought, in my dream, that another year had passed, and I came
+again to the same town, and wended my way to the place of meeting
+where I had been aforetime. Meeting a gentleman near the door I asked
+him if the Union still met there. "Oh," said he, "the W.C.T.U. That
+died out months ago. Women don't know very much about business, you
+see, it is hard for them to keep together."
+
+_Was it all a dream?_
+
+
+A DREAM.
+
+No. 2.
+
+
+A bright spring day I thought it was and I walked to the room of the
+Y.M.C.A., where a Union meeting was to be held. It was not quite
+three o'clock, but I met three or four ladies going in, who asked me
+if I was coming to the meeting, and upon my answering "Yes, if I
+may," she said, "Oh, certainly, come right in." One of them placed a
+seat for me as I went in, and brought me a hymn book, asking if I was
+a stranger in town and if I was a member of any Union. As I said I
+was a member of ---- Union, she said, "Oh! then, you must tell us of
+the work there." Then moving away, and coming back with a lady, she
+introduced her as the president of the Union, and the president
+expressed her pleasure at meeting another sister interested in the
+work. Looking around the room, I saw a bouquet of flowers on the
+table, writing materials and reports. Just then the clock struck
+three, the president took her chair, gave out the hymn, "Work for the
+Night is Coming,' read the 146th Psalm, and engaged in prayer. The
+secretary then read the minutes. As the president asked, "Is there
+any objection to the minutes?" one lady said that the first
+resolution at last meeting was moved by Mrs. B., instead of Mrs. A.
+This was corrected and the minutes approved, no other objection being
+offered. The treasurer's reports and reports of different committees
+were read and adopted. The pledge books produced, and many signatures
+had been obtained. The president said, "Let us sing the doxology over
+this," and it was sung very heartily. I noticed that all the members
+spoke to "Mrs. President," not to each other, and there was no
+whispering. The officers at the table spoke so that all could hear. A
+short paper was then read on "How we may best help in Scott Act
+work." At the invitation of the writer this paper was discussed, some
+points objected to, additional methods proposed, and every body was
+interested and had learned something. The chairman of the Literature
+Committee said she would exchange books in the loan library at the
+close of the meeting. Miss S. was asked to prepare a paper for the
+next monthly meeting, and after a few words of earnest prayer offered
+by a young lady at the request of the president, the meeting
+adjourned. The president walked quickly to the door and shook hands
+heartily with each member as she passed out, asking kindly after sick
+ones and erring ones of the families. "You must come and see me to-
+morrow morning, and tell me all about it," I heard her say to a
+troubled sister. It was now ten minutes past four o'clock. As I
+walked along I overtook the troubled one, and said to her, "You had a
+good meeting to-day." Her face brightened as she replied, "Oh, we
+always have. I would not like to miss one of our meetings. It always
+helps me to go there and hear of the good work being done, and it
+makes me stronger to do my share of it. These meetings make you feel
+as if somebody cared for you." A group of young ladies were chatting
+with some gentlemen at the opposite corner, and I heard a clear,
+sweet voice say "We want you both as honorary members of our W.C.T.U.
+We are going to have some readings from Dickens and we need your
+help; you will join, won't you?" To which the gentlemen replied they
+"would be delighted," etc. Then my dream took me to a cozy home where
+a young man, just out of his teens, was saying to a lady I had seen
+before, "Mother, now the warm weather is coming, and you are not very
+strong, you had better give up your meetings." "Oh, no, my son," the
+lady said, "there is so much to be done, and it is such a pleasure to
+work with our ladies, we must keep right on." In my dream I came
+again. This time the Union met in a beautiful room of their own,
+furnished as a bright, pleasant parlor, with flowers and pictures and
+piano. Their numbers had increased, for the ladies came in groups
+till the room was nearly filled. I saw some of the old faces, the
+president was the same, a little older in appearance, her walk a
+little slower. As she took her place, the sun shone out full in my
+face and I awoke.
+
+_Was this, too, only a dream?_
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XI.
+
+CONCLUSION.
+
+
+To every child of God there comes a time, sooner or later, when a
+light from heaven having shone round about him, and seeing the great
+need of the world, he stands. Paul-like, before God, and asks: "Lord,
+what wilt Thou have _me_ to do?" As the answer came in the olden
+time, "I will shew him what things he must _suffer,"_ so the
+answer comes in these later days, and many of God's dear children
+have come to this Christian temperance work through suffering.
+
+As Christian women, we have come down from the mount of
+consecration, where we have talked with Jesus, and at its base, have
+been met by the demon of Intemperance in every form. Friends have
+brought their loved ones to us, beseeching us to cast out the evil
+spirit, or, it may be, the monster has come into our homes, and
+household treasures here and there lie prostrate and helpless in the
+dust before God. With sad, shrinking hearts we look for a moment,
+then, with a twofold incentive, we take up our work. For the sake of
+our dear Saviour who did so much for us, whose face, sometimes, in
+our holiest hours, by faith we see, and whose voice we still hear,
+"Lo! I am with you always," and for the sake of the loved and the
+lost, or, more happily, the loved and reclaimed, we come to our work.
+
+This work is intensely practical, and brings into requisition all
+the forces which go to make up Christian character. It means patient,
+persevering, persistent, self-denying labor; it means an intelligent
+consecration of time, money and ability which God may have given us,
+to be used in the carrying out of the good at which we aim; it means
+entering into fellowship with Christ, (in a very feeble sense, it is
+true,) in His broad sympathy with humanity, in His sacrificing love;
+it means, many times, to have our names cast out as evil, to brave
+the sneer and ridicule of fashionable society, to be willing to be
+misunderstood by those nearest and dearest to us; to some it means
+all this and more; still, with a firm conviction of duty, of being
+called of God, we come to this work. It _may_ extend no further
+than our own homes, our own circle of friends; but if each build over
+against his own house, how strong the walls would be, how quickly
+they would rise!
+
+We look out into the night and see here and there a star glimmering
+in the darkness, and we say, "How dark the night is; how few stars
+are to be seen!" We wait and watch, and soon the clouds are rolled
+away; we see the stars one by one coming out from the blackness,
+until the blue vault above us is covered with heavenly diamond dust,
+and we rejoice in its brilliancy.
+
+So in our work. We see here and there a star coming out of the
+darkness; only a few to be seen after all the working and watching.
+By-and-by, God, in answer to our prayers, and giving the reward to
+faithful toil, shall roll away the clouds and mists that gather so
+thickly about our work here. We shall see not only here and there a
+star glimmering, but a host of shining ones, that God hath brought
+out of the darkness and covered over with an arch of His promises,
+where He has written, "They shall be mine in that day when I make up
+my jewels.' In that day, when we shall be permitted to see the
+polished gems in the keeping of the Holy One, we shall realize that
+no work for the Master has been done in vain. Here we toil amid the
+damp and fog and darkness, often underground, with no lamp save the
+promise of God, which is "a lamp to our feet, and a light to our
+path;" there we shall be with Him and behold His glory. Here, the
+sadness, the weariness, the discouragement, the "Why, Lord?" and
+"How?" there, the "Well done!" "Enter thou!" questions answered,
+longings satisfied, eternal rest and peace.
+
+Shall we not, for this joy set before us, consecrate ourselves anew
+to this Christian work, that, at the last, as Paul stood in his later
+days, we may stand and say, "I have finished my course?" and,
+following closely in the footsteps of Jesus, our great Teacher,
+giving all the praise and all the glory to Him who is our strength
+and our righteousness, we may be able to say, reverently and with
+deep humility, "I have finished the work Thou gavest me to do."
+
+
+
+
+CONSTITUTION, BY-LAWS
+
+AND
+
+ORDER OF BUSINESS OF A
+
+WOMAN'S CHRISTIAN TEMPERANCE UNION.
+
+(LOCAL.)
+
+
+ARTICLE I.--NAME.
+
+This Association shall be known as the Woman's Christian Temperance
+Union of ----, auxiliary to the W.C.T.U. of the Province of ----.
+
+ARTICLE II.--OBJECTS.
+
+The objects of the Union shall be to meet together for prayer and
+conference, to educate public sentiment up to the standard of total
+abstinence, train the young, save the inebriate, and secure the legal
+prohibition and complete banishment of the liquor traffic.
+
+ARTICLE III.
+
+Any woman may become a member of this Association by signing the
+Pledge and Constitution, and by the payment of fifty cents per year
+into the Treasury.
+
+Any woman, practically a total abstainer, but having an objection to
+signing the Pledge, may become an "associate member" of this
+Association, by the payment of the regular fee.
+
+Gentlemen may become honorary members of this Association by signing
+the pledge and by the payment of the regular fee.
+
+Honorary and Associate members are entitled to all the privileges of
+members, except the vote.
+
+PLEDGE.
+
+I hereby promise, God helping me, to abstain from all distilled,
+fermented and malt liquors, including wine and cider, as a beverage,
+and to employ all proper means to discourage the use of and traffic
+in the same.
+
+ARTICLE, IV.--OFFICERS
+
+The officers of this Association shall be a President, Vice-
+Presidents, one from each church, when practicable, a Corresponding
+Secretary, Recording Secretary, Treasurer, and Auditor. These
+officers (excepting the Auditor), with the Superintendents of the
+different departments, shall constitute the Executive Committee.
+
+ARTICLE V.--AUXILIARYSHIP.
+
+Each Local Union shall pay to the funds of Provincial Union a sum
+equal to six and a quarter cents per member, quarterly, this amount
+to be taken from the fifty cents membership fee.
+
+ARTICLE VI.--ANNUAL MEETING.
+
+An Annual Meeting shall be held in the month of September of each
+year, at which reports of Secretary and Treasurer shall be presented,
+which, if possible, shall be published afterwards in the daily
+newspapers. At this meeting, officers and committees and
+superintendents shall be elected for the ensuing year, and such
+services held as may tend to promote the objects of the Association.
+
+
+
+
+BY-LAWS.
+
+
+ARTICLE I.--DUTIES OF OFFICERS.
+
+Section 1. President.--It shall be the duty of the President to
+preside at meetings of the organization, and supervise its general
+interests, and she may with any three members of the Union call
+special meetings, due notice being given to the members.
+
+Section 2. Vice-Presidents.--It shall be the duty of each Vice-
+President to preside in her turn in the absence of the President, and
+to enlist women of her own church in the work.
+
+Section 3.--It shall be the duty of the Corresponding Secretary to
+conduct the correspondence of the Union, and report to the
+Corresponding Secretary of the Provincial Union quarterly, on receipt
+of blank forms (having first submitted her report to the local
+Union), giving such items of general interest as will enable said
+Secretary to judge correctly of the condition of the Union. She shall
+also prepare the report for the Annual Meeting of the local Union.
+
+The Corresponding Secretary shall also prepare a short report for
+the Provincial Convention in October (first submitting it to the
+local Union), and sending it with the delegate to the Annual Meeting,
+or forwarding it to the Provincial Secretary two weeks before the
+date of meeting.
+
+Section 4.--It shall be the duty of the Recording Secretary to keep
+a record of the proceedings of the Union, and notify members and the
+public of its meetings.
+
+Section 5.--It shall be the duty of the Treasurer to collect all
+membership dues, and to devise ways and means to increase the funds
+of the Association. She shall receive and hold all money collected
+for the use of the Union, keeping an exact book account and making a
+monthly report of the same. She shall pay no bills, except on an
+order signed by the President and Recording Secretary. She shall
+forward regularly the quarterly fee to the Treasurer of Provincial
+Union.
+
+ARTICLE II.--ELECTION OF OFFICERS.
+
+The officers shall be elected by nomination and ballot. Nominations
+may be made either by a committee appointed for that purpose, or on
+motion of any member.
+
+If there be more than one person nominated for any office, a ballot
+shall be taken, tellers having been appointed for that purpose. The
+one having a full majority of all the ballots cast shall be declared
+elected.
+
+[If there be more than two persons balloted for, and the one having
+the highest number of votes, has not a majority of all the votes
+given, then the one having the lowest number of votes shall be struck
+off before proceeding to the next ballot. More than one name may be
+struck off, provided that the sum of all the vote--so struck off is
+not equal to, or greater than, the number of votes given to the
+lowest remaining one.]
+
+ARTICLE III.--DEPARTMENTS OF WORK.
+
+If the demands of the work justify it there shall be the following
+departments of work: Juvenile Work, Temperance Literature,
+Influencing the Press, Evangelistic Work, Parlor Meetings, Heredity
+and Hygiene, Scientific Temperance Instruction, Kitchen Garden,
+Flower Mission, Unfermented Wine, Inducing Physicians not to
+Prescribe Alcoholic Stimulants, Relation of Intemperance to Capital
+and Labor, Prison and Gaol Work, Young Woman's Work, Work among
+Railroad Employees, Work among Soldiers and Sailors, Legislation and
+Petitions and such others as the needs of the locality seem to call
+for and recommended by the Provincial Union.
+
+ARTICLE IV.--MEETINGS.
+
+The regular meeting of the Union shall be held weekly, fortnightly
+or monthly, as the Union may decide. The first meeting in the month
+shall be a devotional meeting. If possible, mass meetings shall be
+held quarterly.
+
+The Executive and other Committees shall meet as often as may be
+deemed advisable.
+
+ARTICLE V.--QUORUM.
+
+A quorum shall consist of such members as shall be present at a
+regular or special meeting, due notice of such meeting being given to
+the members.
+
+ARTICLE VI.--DELEGATES TO THE PROVINCIAL UNION.
+
+Delegates to the Provincial Union are received on the following
+basis: Two for each Union, and one additional delegate for every ten
+paying members of each Union. The expenses of general officers for
+postage, stationery, etc., shall be borne by the Union. Travelling
+expenses of delegates to Annual Convention, shall, where at all
+practicable, be borne by the Union sending those delegates.
+
+
+
+
+ORDER OF BUSINESS.
+
+
+Devotional Exercises.
+
+Reading Minutes of Last Meeting.
+
+Treasurer's Report.
+
+Unfinished Business.
+
+Reception of Communications.
+
+Reports of Committees.
+
+Reading of Paper on Temperance Question
+
+Discussion.
+
+Regular Course of Reading.
+
+Discussion.
+
+Miscellaneous Business.
+
+Adjournment.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+[Transcriber's Note: The spelling "philanthrophy" occurs in the
+original. Also, in the list of numbered items in chapter 6, the
+numbering skips from 3 to 5, but no content seems to be missing.
+We have left these as they were in our print copy.]
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Why and how: a hand-book for the use
+of the W.C.T. unions in Canada, by Addie Chisholm
+
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