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diff --git a/old/68491-h/68491-h.htm b/old/68491-h/68491-h.htm deleted file mode 100644 index cad9aae..0000000 --- a/old/68491-h/68491-h.htm +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2229 +0,0 @@ -<!DOCTYPE html> -<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> - <head> - <meta charset="UTF-8" /> - <title> - The Project Gutenberg eBook of The improved antidote, by Philodemus. - </title> - - <link rel="icon" href="images/cover.jpg" type="image/x-cover" /> - - <style> /* <![CDATA[ */ - -a { - text-decoration: none; -} - -body { - margin-left: 10%; - margin-right: 10%; -} - -h1,h2 { - text-align: center; - clear: both; -} - -h2.nobreak { - page-break-before: avoid; -} - -hr.chap { - margin-top: 2em; - margin-bottom: 2em; - clear: both; - width: 65%; - margin-left: 17.5%; - margin-right: 17.5%; -} - -div.chapter { - page-break-before: always; -} - -ul { - list-style-type: none; -} - -li { - margin-top: .5em; - padding-left: 2em; - text-indent: -2em; -} - -p { - margin-top: 0.5em; - text-align: justify; - margin-bottom: 0.5em; - text-indent: 1em; -} - -.blockquote { - margin: 1.5em 10%; -} - -.footnotes { - margin-top: 1em; - border: dashed 1px; -} - -.footnote { - margin-left: 10%; - margin-right: 10%; - font-size: 0.9em; -} - -.footnote .label { - position: absolute; - right: 84%; - text-align: right; -} - -.fnanchor { - vertical-align: super; - font-size: .8em; - text-decoration: none; -} - -.gothic { - font-family: 'Old English Text MT', 'Old English', serif; -} - -.larger { - font-size: 150%; -} - -.noindent { - text-indent: 0em; -} - -.pagenum { - position: absolute; - right: 4%; - font-size: smaller; - text-align: right; - font-style: normal; -} - -.poetry-container { - text-align: center; - margin: 1em; -} - -.poetry { - display: inline-block; - text-align: left; -} - -.poetry .stanza { - margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em; -} - -.poetry .verse { - padding-left: 3em; -} - -.poetry .indent0 { - text-indent: -3em; -} - -.right { - text-align: right; -} - -.smaller { - font-size: 80%; -} - -div.titlepage { - margin: auto; - max-width: 25em; -} - -p.titlepage { - text-align: center; - margin-top: 3em; - text-indent: 0em; - line-height: 1.8em; - font-size: 120%; -} - -.transnote { - background-color: #E6E6FA; - color: black; - font-size: smaller; - padding: 0.5em; - margin-bottom: 5em; -} - -.x-ebookmaker img { - max-width: 100%; - width: auto; - height: auto; -} - -.x-ebookmaker .poetry { - display: block; - margin-left: 1.5em; -} - -.x-ebookmaker .blockquote { - margin: 1.5em 5%; -} - - /* ]]> */ </style> - </head> -<body> -<p style='text-align:center; font-size:1.2em; font-weight:bold'>The Project Gutenberg eBook of The improved antidote, supposed to be more active in expelling poison, than a late invention, by the Rev. Sir Harcourt Lees, Bart. in which the Catholics are vindicated from his abuse, and their claims for unrestricted emancipation, considered, by Philodemus</p> -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online -at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you -are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the -country where you are located before using this eBook. -</div> - -<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: The improved antidote, supposed to be more active in expelling poison, than a late invention, by the Rev. Sir Harcourt Lees, Bart. in which the Catholics are vindicated from his abuse, and their claims for unrestricted emancipation, considered</p> -<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: Philodemus</p> -<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: July 10, 2022 [eBook #68491]</p> -<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</p> - <p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; text-align:left'>Produced by: The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive)</p> -<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE IMPROVED ANTIDOTE, SUPPOSED TO BE MORE ACTIVE IN EXPELLING POISON, THAN A LATE INVENTION, BY THE REV. SIR HARCOURT LEES, BART. IN WHICH THE CATHOLICS ARE VINDICATED FROM HIS ABUSE, AND THEIR CLAIMS FOR UNRESTRICTED EMANCIPATION, CONSIDERED ***</div> - -<div class="chapter transnote"> - -<p>Transcriber’s Note: The Greek is transcribed as printed, although a -<i>correct</i> transcription has also been provided <a href="#Transcribers_Note">at -the end of the book</a>!</p> - -</div> - -<h1 style="display:none;">THE IMPROVED ANTIDOTE</h1> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_1"></a>[1]</span></p> - -<div class="titlepage"> - -<p class="titlepage">THE IMPROVED<br /> -<span class="larger"><b>ANTIDOTE,</b></span><br /> -<span class="smaller">SUPPOSED TO BE MORE</span><br /> -<span class="larger gothic">Active in Expelling Poison,</span><br /> -<i>THAN A LATE INVENTION</i>,<br /> -<span class="smaller">BY THE</span><br /> -<i>Rev. Sir Harcourt Lees, Bart.</i><br /> -<span class="smaller">IN WHICH THE</span><br /> -CATHOLICS ARE VINDICATED<br /> -<i>FROM HIS ABUSE</i>,<br /> -AND THEIR CLAIMS FOR<br /> -<span class="gothic">Unrestricted Emancipation,</span><br /> -CONSIDERED.</p> - -<p class="titlepage"><i>Addressed to the Public.</i></p> - -<p class="noindent">πασῃ φυλαχῃ την ψυχην τηρητεον, μη δια τησ των λορων ἡδονησ παραδεξ -αμενοι τι λαθωμεν των χειρονων ωσπεβ ὁι τα δηλητηρια μετα του μελιτοσ προσ -ιεμενοι</p> - -<p class="right">BASIL.</p> - -<p class="titlepage"><i>DUBLIN</i>:<br /> -<span class="smaller">PRINTED, AND SOLD BY THE BOOKSELLERS,</span><br /> -1820.</p> - -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_2"></a>[2]</span></p> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_3"></a>[3]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="TO_THE_PUBLIC">TO THE PUBLIC,<br /> -<span class="smaller">&c.</span></h2> - -</div> - -<p>Should a great and commercial People -experience an unlooked for reverse of -fortune; should a rapid decay of Trade, a -long protracted and ruinous War, an expenditure -of the Public Money, at once lavish -and unnecessary, should even all these causes -conspire with an oppressive national debt, -in reducing them from opulence and prosperity -to the lowest ebb of distress, the -consequences must be melancholy and alarming: -On one hand, the People, impatient -of this calamitous change, will murmur against -Government, and proceed to disorderly and -tumultuous Insurrections. On the other, -Administration, foreseeing danger to its own -permanence and safety, will perhaps, adopt -coercive measures, not altogether consistent -with the liberty of its subjects:—Under these -circumstances, every well intentioned mind -will be deeply affected with concern, for -the welfare of his country; various means -will be recommended of healing its disorders, -or, at least, of mitigating their virulence; and -no one can be reprehensible in proposing a<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_4"></a>[4]</span> -Remedy, or an alteration, even, though the -success be doubtful:—Influenced by such -considerations, we also appeal to the indulgence -of a generous Public, and should the -application we offer prove beneficial, the -utmost wish of our heart will be gratified, -should it, on the contrary, be neglected or -derided, the consciousness of an upright intention, -must in some measure console us.</p> - -<p>An Antidote has been already prescribed -by a Revd. Baronet, we presume with the -same view; the application of which, however, -in our opinion, would tend to cherish -the malignancy of the disease, rather than -to eradicate its cause:—Wherefore, alarmed -for the constitution of the patient, should -it be adopted, and at the same time, though -we acknowledge and applaud the Revd. -Author’s anxiety in this case, suspecting that -he would prefer a partial to a complete -Restoration, we humbly beg leave to state -our reasons for differing in sentiment with a -man of his consummate knowledge and experience, -together with our objections to his -Antidote.</p> - -<p>That the present crisis is an alarming one, -every man capable of reflection, will readily -admit, that, however, every artifice of audacity -and craft has been exerted (and with -success exerted) to undermine the religious, -moral, and political sentiments of the great -mass of the manufacturing and agricultural<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_5"></a>[5]</span> -orders of Society in England, seems to require -some farther proof, than the mere -assertion of the Author, before we can assent -to it, with an equal degree of conviction:—Is -it probable that, notwithstanding the -firmness which has so eminently distinguished -the present Administration, such artifices -should be resorted to with impunity? -Is it possible that success should attend such -artifices, notwithstanding the vigilance of -Ministers, so unhesitatingly displayed in the -removal of Lord Fitzwilliam? Perhaps, the -Revd. Author meant obliquely to censure -Administration, for overlooking such attempts -in the first instance, and subsequently, for -not foreseeing and guarding against their -pernicious effects, for not suppressing tumultuous -assemblies, when, (according to his -assertion) the then existing laws, were of -sufficient force to stamp the greater part of -them with the Seal of illegality.</p> - -<p>It is a melancholy consideration, that -the Christian Religion, which inculcates -universal good will and beneficence, as the -peculiar doctrine of its founder, should have -been not unfrequently perverted, in consequence -of the self-interested and prejudiced -views of individuals, into an instrument of -cruelty and oppression; and it is probable -that this perversion should have an influence, -in bringing into disrepute the Religion -we profess, (which is meant we presume,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_6"></a>[6]</span> -by the overthrow of our God) far more prevalent -than the effusions of impiety and -atheism, however circulated in private, or -openly and daringly boasted of;—The pure -and simple precepts of Christianity call forth -our utmost admiration, the sanctity and -beneficence of its founder, excite in us reverence -and love, can then these impious -and atheistical dogmas (inspiring us but with -horror) can these dogmas it may be asked, -counteract the influence of the Religion in -which we have been educated, which we -have been taught, and which we are inclined -from its pure morality to respect? It is the -abuse of Christianity, its pretended friends, -not its open and avowed antagonists, that -will ever abridge its permanence or diffusion.</p> - -<p>Power, wealth, and consequence, are the -prime motives of human exertion, and when -once in possession of these objects, men are -equally anxious to preserve, as they originally -were to acquire them:—the establishment -of Hierarchies is of human invention, -and of course, must partake in the imperfections -of humanity; These Hierarchies -vest in the several members composing them, -no small share of profit and authority, to -retain which, is their common interest; whenever -the particular tenets, for the maintenance -of which, the establishment was -originally formed, are called in question, -its members, alarmed at the impending<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_7"></a>[7]</span> -danger, resort to every means in their power, -of upholding their own, and of repelling the -influence of their assailants, among which, -persecution may perhaps appear a ready and -effectual mode of quelling all opposition.</p> - -<p>The Church of Rome exceeded all other -Hierarchies in extent of Dominion, of Power, -and of Influence; its exertions, therefore, -against all assailants would be proportionably -vigorous, its persecutions proportionably -extensive:—these assertions are not advanced -with the view of vindicating Persecution, -they are meant merely to account, in some -measure, for its origin;—convinced that the -God of Mercy can delight only in Virtue -and Integrity, every reflecting mind must -abhor and condemn the mistaken zeal of -those, who think they promote the service of -the Divinity, by torturing and afflicting his -creatures:—but have the members of the -Protestant Establishment entirely abstained -from the exercise of this instrument, to -establish or confirm their Power? Are -they, altogether, innocent of resorting to -this object of their reprehension? For a -solution of these questions we may recur -to our own domestic annals. Has not the -bulk of the Irish Nation been subject to the -will and caprice of a few individuals (in -comparison with its population) and this, -for adhering to the religion of their forefathers?—Have -not the ministers of this<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_8"></a>[8]</span> -religion (after being compelled to seek their -education in some foreign country) been -debarred from the exercise of their sacred -functions except by stealth or privacy?—Have -not the adherents to this Religion been -shackled in every effort to better their condition?—Have -they not been rendered -incapable of acquiring real property?—If -possessed of such property, have they not -been subject to its entire forfeiture by information -or discovery?—Were not such forfeitures -intended to act as allurements for -children to inform, even, against their own -parents?—Was not every father of a family -liable to punishment for educating his children, -in that religious persuasion, which he -esteemed the only true one?—Were not -Catholics ineligible to any office of power -or trust?—Were not these Acts in force for -nearly a century?—Many other grievances, -equally oppressive in addition to these, -were inflicted on them in direct violation of -the Treaty of Limerick, in which it was stipulated, -that the Irish should be admissible -to all the Privileges of subjects, upon taking -the oath of Allegiance, without being bound -to take the oath of Supremacy:—our domestic -annals, then, afford a strong presumption -that the Protestant Establishment has -been no less culpable, in the exercise of -persecution, as an instrument to support its -power, than the Romish Hierarchy so much<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_9"></a>[9]</span> -inveighed against; whilst its present conduct, -in still withholding from the Catholics -a full participation in the privileges to which -its Protestant Subjects are admitted, is a convincing -proof that it continues actuated by -a spirit of intolerance;—not to particularize -the absurd calumnies, the foul misrepresentations, -so vehemently urged against them, -and of which some of its ministers (we regret -to observe) are too intemperate in the -application;—strange inconsistency that -there is in mankind, when the very means -they severely reprehend, are not frequently -applied by themselves.—Can it be supposed, -that men of well cultivated understandings, -should be so lost to all sense of morality, so -destitute of respect for their own characters, -as to look upon wilful perjury as a virtue, -when resorted to for particular purposes, -or particular interests?—Can it be admitted -that men, many of them eye witnesses of, and -sufferers in the late revolutionary calamities -on the Continent, when they return home -should, by the most atrocious of crimes, -voluntarily endanger the peace and tranquility -of their native Country? Their own -conduct is a full refutation of the calumnious -charges advanced against them, a positive -proof that they seriously regard their moral -obligations;—they are, not only, peaceable -in their own demeanor,—they render the -people, of whom they are the pastors, quiet<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_10"></a>[10]</span> -and inoffensive;—were they disposed to -estimate wilful perjury as venial, or, in some -particular instances, as laudable, they would -recommend it to their several flocks, and -thus, would the Catholics, by being freed -from the restraint of morality, become admissible -to all the privileges of subjects; but -it is the part, only, of an abandoned profligate, -to profess his conformity with the -established doctrines, and to violate the most -solemn engagements, for the advancement -of his own private interest or ambition;—the -man of integrity disclaims all compromise -with his conscience, he will submit -to every privation, and will encounter indigence -and obscurity, rather than deserve -the imputation of guilt:—the express denial -of the Catholic Universities that any earthly -power can grant absolution for perjury, the -solemn abjuration of such a doctrine by the -Priesthood themselves, but above all, the -uniform tenor of their conduct, proves that -these calumnies are altogether unfounded.</p> - -<p>National reflections, it has been observed, -are not justified in theory, nor on any general -principles;—the same observation will hold -good in regard to Sects, Parties, or Professions:—particular -individuals may, undoubtedly, -be just objects of censure, particular -tenets of reprehension, but indiscriminate -abuse, is the offspring of prejudice or -malevolence, it can never derive its origin<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_11"></a>[11]</span> -from sober reason and impartiality.—To follow -the author of the Antidote through his -abusive rhapsody against the Schismatics, -would, perhaps, engage us too far in scurrility, -to examine into the tenets, he attributes -to them, will, at least, more usefully -employ our attention. A new sect has been -lately formed, the constitution of whose -church, he says, instructs its adherents that, -through belief, they will escape from the -guilt and punishment of sin; this proposition, -advanced as one of the tenets of the new -sect, is scarcely intelligible;—that a due portion -of belief will exonerate us from the -punishment of sin, may be readily understood, -however we may doubt of its truth, -but that the commission of sin will not involve -us in guilt, is a proposition that cannot -without difficulty be comprehended. The -Revd. Author may mean perhaps, that they -maintain faith to be more meritorious than -good works, a doctrine which has been ascribed -to many of the sectaries, but, as it is not -included by him who founded our Religion, -among the immediate requisites for salvation, -it ought to be examined with the utmost -caution, and, if upon such an examination, -it should appear disadvantageous to the interest -of society, it ought at once to be rejected—according -to this tenet, its adherents -are not required to cultivate those good qualities, -which are beneficial to mankind; they<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_12"></a>[12]</span> -neglect the occasions of beneficence, they -lose even the dispositions of benevolence, -in cultivating faith, which quality above all -others, will insure their acceptance with God. -They expose themselves to the frauds of -knaves, or the errors of fanatics, into which -frauds and errors however, they dare not -examine, as to doubt, is to fail in that essential -point, on which they found their future -hope;—under the influence likewise of -this principle, the tenor of their conduct becomes -a matter of no moment, it induces -negligence in regard to their duties, as men -in a state of society, since active virtue can -be of no avail, where faith is esteemed the sole -requisite for justification:—a less grave argument -also, though upon so serious a subject, -may, perhaps, be not inapplicable. Faith -depends upon ignorance, of course the less -a man knows, the more he has to believe, -hence the most ignorant, with a due supply -of credulity, will become the most meritorious -of christians:—we would moreover, recommend -it to the Revd. Author, of the Antidote, -to examine more accurately into his own -Articles of Belief, as required by law, before -he censures this doctrine of the Sectaries.</p> - -<p>They hold, moreover, as the Rev. Author informs -us, farther, that, if once justified, no outrage -they can afterwards commit, no sin (it -does not signify of how horrible a nature, they -can be guilty of) will deprive them of eternal<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_13"></a>[13]</span> -salvation;—We readily join with Sir Harcourt -Lees in reprobating such a tenet, it is -absurd and presumptuous;—The determinations -of God are impenetrable by man;—his -acceptance of our feeble efforts to conciliate -his favor, can be discovered only by the Revelation -he has communicated.—How then -can we become confident in our own justification, -during our present state of existence, -in which we are unceasingly liable to error? -The very supposition involves in it an absurdity;—but -to arrogate to ourselves exemption -from punishment for all future transgressions, -is to assume the peculiar province -of the Deity, and is equally impious, as it is -presumptuous;—this tenet is also subversive -of general Benevolence,—its votaries must, -necessarily, look upon themselves as the sole -partakers in justification, and the rest of -mankind as outcasts from God’s Mercy. -They will esteem them, therefore, but little -entitled to their consideration and regard;—the -conceit of being justified must originate -either in actual, or fancied inspiration, but -inspiration is a real feeling of the Divine Presence, -enthusiasm a false one, and the effects -are nearly the same in either case,—how then -will they guard themselves from misapprehension? -how will they be able to distinguish -between Divine Inspiration, and mere -mortal enthusiasm?—The former will, we -must acknowledge, dissipate all doubt, and<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_14"></a>[14]</span> -confirm them in virtue, but the latter may -lead them into errors, which it will be difficult, -if not impossible to repair:—may not -these tenets however, be somewhat overcharged, -I do not mean by design, but -through misapprehension.—The consciousness -of a scrupulous discharge of their relative -duties may, in some instance, give birth -to presumption, and leave men to conceive -themselves entitled to justification from their -own superior merits; but these sectaries -strongly impressed with the imperfection of -human nature, attributing such conceptions -to the arrogance of human reason, regard -Faith as an humble acknowledgement of -their incompetence to merit the Divine Favor, -they rely solely on the Mercy of God for justification;—hence -their preference of faith, -in comparison with their own exertions for -this purpose;—by these means, however, -their minds became enervated, their reason -less vigorous, they are less inclined to exert -it, and more open to the fervor of enthusiasm, -which may, not improbably, inspire an -opinion, that themselves are favored with a -Divine Communication; that hypocrites and -imposters will take advantage of this disposition -is more than probable, but hypocrites -and imposters abound in all persuasions, even -in the Established Church, a good mind may -be deceived, but it is hoped will not be perverted -by them;—the absurdity of such doctrines<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_15"></a>[15]</span> -may be offered to their consideration, -convince their reason and they will abjure -them, but, if this delusion tends only to -sweeten their present enjoyments, and render -them confident in future hope, why should -they be grossly reviled for their belief?</p> - -<p>“But (he proceeds) should these schismatics -form a Coalition with the sworn enemies -of our Church and constitution, the -pious and merciful Papists (as Lord Donoughmore -calls them) whose Priests will -give them absolution, while the imaginations -of the fanatic Enthusiast will justify -him, I should be glad to know what would -soon be the fate of both Church and -King in this great Empire.” Here the Rev’d. -Author displays his motives for administering -to the public, foreseeing danger from the -envenomed shafts of the fanatic, and from -those of the Papist, armed with a still more -deadly poison, he compounds an Antidote -that he may counteract their pernicious effects, -he expresses indeed, the most decided -contempt for Dr. Dromgoole’s Prophecy, -though he evidently apprehends its accomplishment,—but -Dr. Dromgoole’s prophecy -is as harmless as himself was uninspired; -the Protestant Church may defy external violence, -her danger proceeds from her own internal -system, she cherishes, within her own bosom, -a principal of decay, which unless Correctives -be applied, must terminate in dissolution:<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_16"></a>[16]</span> -The Clergy of the establishment have -been successful in their pursuit, they have -possessed themselves of the objects to which -they aspired Power, Wealth and Consequence: -but in all human affairs, the completion of -our desires is generally succeeded by inactivity, -after a successful termination of our -labours, we sit down to enjoy with ease and -tranquility, the good things of this life, so it -is with the Clergy of the establishment, their -zeal is grown luke warm, their exertions are -relaxed; In their Churches, instead of the animated -advocate infusing into his audience the -love of Religion, with admiration at its excellence, -we too frequently find an indolent drone -holding forth to a drowsy congregation: In -the conventicle, on the contrary, we may be -hold the schismatic, ardent in zeal, earnest -in his exhortations, vehement, impetuous, -and enforcing by his impressive manner, the -uninterrupted attention of his auditors:</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">... Se vis me flere dolendum est</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Primum ipsi tibi....</div> - <div class="verse indent0">...</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Si dicentis erunt Fortunis absona dicta</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Romani tollent Equites Peditesque Cachinnum.</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - -<p>The cause of this essential difference is, -that the Clergy have already attained the -summit of their ambition, whereas the Fanatic -is still engaged in the pursuit after profit -and estimation:—should it be represented -that, with respect to the establishment, there<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_17"></a>[17]</span> -are gradations in preferment, and dignities, -with princely endowments, sufficient to excite -emulation even in the most indolent -of its members,—we acknowledge that -such is the fact,—but how are they distributed?—Are -they held out as inducements for -exertion, as the appropriate rewards of diligence -and merit?—By no means:—They are -universally disposed of through the channels -of family influence, or parliamentary interest:—the -minister for the time being (in -the name of his sovereign) has the uncontrouled -disposal of Church dignities, and it is -probable (it might be said notorious) that he -will rather consult how he may best strengthen -his own interest for retaining his situation, -than attend to the characters and qualifications -of the applicants:—it is, by no means, -intended to call in question the methods, by -which the present venerated dignitaries of the -Church arrived at their eminence, their exemplary -conduct proves that they deserve it, -they are beyond dispute, endowed with piety, -learning, and conscientiousness in discharge -of their sacred functions, but will their successors -in office, succeed also to their good -qualities? The future probable consequences -should therefore occupy the attention of -the public;—under such circumstances, the -minister may appoint to these dignities, -men totally destitute of the necessary qualifications; -they, imitating the minister, may<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_18"></a>[18]</span> -confer their patronage upon their own immediate -connexions, or upon such fawning sycophants -only as are best versed in flattery and -insinuation;—can a clergy, thus constituted, -command the respect of the people? on the -contrary, they will excite contempt rather -than reverence:—hence may be discerned -the principle of decay in the system, which, -unless guarded against with the utmost vigilance, -threatens to prove fatal:—the Roman -Catholics, swayed by these facts, and their -attendant consequences, hesitated at the -proposal of Emancipation, when clogged -with the Veto;—the clergy foresaw, that in -consequence of the Veto, they would, in fact, -become dependant upon the minister for all -future promotion; the laity were alarmed, -lest the priesthood should be corrupted, -whilst they suspected that, by these means, -the people in general would be demoralized, -Emancipation therefore, upon such terms, -they wisely determined to reject, and they -merit the applause of the public for this their -virtuous determination.—“Ere long” (the -Revd. Author fervently prays) “may there -be prepared and enforced a stronger test -than the articles of religion, to clear our -Parishes and to save our children from the -cruel consequences of Evangelical Instruction,” -(by which expression he is supposed -to mean the errors of fanaticism.) Would he -then, out of pure good will to the Protestants,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_19"></a>[19]</span> -enlarge their measure of Faith as already -prescribed by law, and still farther controul -their reason? Is he aware that the defection -of many, even of the Protestant clergy, proceeds -from a repugnance to these articles, -and would he encrease the schism? His -hostility to the sectaries may be reasonably -suspected, when he recommends a mode, so -evidently, tending to increase their numbers. -The Catholics are charged by him, with being -sworn enemies to their Protestant fellow subjects, -he would, notwithstanding, imitate -the conduct he reviles, and render the hostility -between all parties irreconcilable;—he -would, even arm the dignitaries of his Church -with more extensive powers, and convert -those, who ought to be models of Christian -charity, into instruments of unchristian -persecution: but the Rev. Baronet has, -perhaps, a mitre in contemplation, and is -anxious, ere he wields the crozier, that the -office may be invested with more ample -means of exalting the Protestant Ascendancy, -at the expense of all who differ -from its doctrines; It is to be hoped, however, -that, should he arrive at this proud -eminence, he will exercise its present powers, -unaided by additional ones, with temperance -and discretion.</p> - -<p>The Public then will cease to wonder that -the Revd. Author should so strongly object -to a right honourable gentleman’s declaration,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_20"></a>[20]</span> -in answer to a Catholic Address, viz: -that he is at a loss to account for the reasons -that operate, to prevent the Catholics from -being “unrestrictedly emancipated,” since -this declaration militates against the Protestant -Ascendancy;—with due submission, -however, to the learned Author’s accumulated -Experience (“having, from the earliest -period of his academic course, been in the -habit of devoting a considerable part of -his time in the acquirement of knowledge, -and of informing his mind upon matters -connected with the History, Politics, and -Religions of his country. Having been -accustomed, likewise, to pass such time in -the society of the most eminent and able -Writers, Politicians, and Statesmen, of -ancient and modern days.”) We cannot -but accord with the above stated declaration -of the Right Honorable Gentleman, as equally -just and liberal;—if the co-operation of -the Catholics, as fellow subjects, be expected, -why should they be debarred from the -privileges of the subjects?—If their attachment -to the Constitution be a desirable object, -why not attract them by the united -motives of interest and affection?—But how -can they be interested in, how can they affect -a Constitution, which excludes them, in particular, -from its benefits and confidence?—Notwithstanding, -however, that we acknowledge -the justice and liberality of this declaration,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_21"></a>[21]</span> -we must beg leave to express our -dissent from the same Right Honorable -Gentleman, when (according to the Report -of a recent debate) he pretends to define the -term Liberty, by <i>Potestas faciundi quicquid -per leges liceat</i>;—the power of doing whatever -may be permitted by the laws, points -out, only, that peculiar portion of liberty -allowed by each respective Government, to -its appropriate subjects, but can never be -substituted for the general term itself.—In -the Eastern regions, where the Prince is despotic, -where the will of the Sovereign is the -law of the state, the liberty of the subject -will be bounded by the Will of a Tyrant; -under such circumstances the people are -mere slaves;—hence, the Right Honorable -Gentleman’s definition is equally applicable -to Slavery, as to Liberty,—it may, however, -be looked upon as the definition of a lawyer, -and as lawyers, in general, accommodate -their pleadings to the taste and interest of -their clients, it may be presumed, that the -Right Honorable Gentleman adopted his definition -to the interest, and peculiar taste of -his employer:—in the course of his harangue -on the same occasion, the Right Honorable -Gentleman is reported to assert, (if we understand -the report aright,) that the great body -of the people has no right to enter into -discussions concerning civil polity, or the -immediate measures of Government, an assertion<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_22"></a>[22]</span> -that does but little credit to his head, -or his heart.—It may incline the people, -however, to examine into the Right Honorable -Gentleman’s own claim to this important -privilege;—it may also be asked, who -are interested in the measures adopted by -administration?—Is it the public at large? -or is it the ministry? The ministers are, indeed, -a part of the people, but a failure in -vigilance, with respect to their own immediate -interests, will never be attributed to them; -the security, the property, the liberty of the -people, are at stake, and it behoves them to -be equally attentive to their concerns:—to -whom are ministers responsible?—to the representatives -of the Nation:—who are the -constituents of this representative body?—the -people:—in order then to estimate the -merits of a candidate, the people should become -competent judges of the excellence of -their own Constitution, and of the qualifications -necessary, in a representative, to watch -over and to maintain its inviolability;—a -close inspection therefore, into the System of -Government, and into the conduct pursued -by their own representatives, is a duty they -owe themselves,—their fellow-subjects, and -their posterity;—the upright senator will -also invite this serenity, whereas the corrupt -fool of a crafty minister will endeavour to -evade enquiry, as in the event of detection, -he contemplates his own disgrace.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_23"></a>[23]</span></p> - -<p>Neither does the Revd. Author spare -the Radical Reformers, “Who (he says) under -the pretence of Petition, have alone -in view the ascertainment of strength, for -the purposes of desolation.”——that immense -multitudes assembling from all quarters, -with the intent of framing Petitions for -a reform in their representation, is alarming -to the peaceable phlegmatic subject, cannot -be doubted, but it is no less certain that in -general, they conducted themselves on these -occasions, with the utmost tranquillity and -discretion:—if (as he maintains) Government -were armed with sufficient powers to -suppress the meetings, why were they not -resorted to in the first instance? why connive -at such scenes, even in the Metropolis, -where they must undoubtedly be the most -formidable, and thus impress upon the people -an idea of their legality?—Why encourage -a frequent repetition of them, and thus -give occasion for the fatal occurrences at -Manchester?—If it be true that prevention -is better than a cure, were not the Ministers -remiss in not instantly exerting their powers? -and that they had these powers, we have the -Revd. Baronets own authority.—Why, then, -resort to new measures, when the existing -laws were sufficient for the immediate occasion?—A -free Press is generally looked upon -as the surest bulwark against the encroachments -of power; to it also, we are indebted<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_24"></a>[24]</span> -for the various improvements in Arts, in -Sciences, and even in virtue and religion, -when considered as Sciences;—the unrestrained -privilege of questioning every proposition, -and discussing every subject, greatly -contributes to the investigation of truth; -should the liberty of the Press, degenerate -into licentiousness, a legal remedy has, long -since been provided;—should it encourage -tumultuous meetings, as the former laws -(according to Sir Harcourt Lees) were of -sufficient force to suppress such assemblies, a -farther restraint was unnecessary, and uncalled -for;—should it disseminate Blasphemy -through the nation, the good sense of -the people will soon reject and condemn it, -as is evident from the several verdicts returned -against the publications of such a nature;—does -then, the Baronet indulge in irony, -when he extols the conduct of administration? -on the contrary, we rather suspect that, -misled by his own voracious appetite for -praise, in too liberally dispensing it to others, -he has unguardedly conveyed censure, where -he meant but to commend.</p> - -<p>The liberty of the Press, is without doubt, -liable to abuse, so is every privilege we enjoy, -as men or as subjects, but, if it be once -admitted that the abuse of any privilege by -a few individuals, is a sufficient reason for -withdrawing it from the Public at large, all -their privileges as free men will be successively<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_25"></a>[25]</span> -forfeited:—If, indeed, Government -had not been possessed of sufficient means -for remedying the apparent disorders, they -had had a decent apology for resorting to -new measures, and restrictive expedients; -but, when the Revd. Author acknowledges -the competence of the powers vested in Ministers, -originally to suppress such assemblies, -he according to our apprehension, -(though perhaps, not designedly,) censures -their conduct in neglecting to do so.</p> - -<p>That seats in the House of Commons, are -to be purchased, is as notorious as the sun -at noon day, according to a noble member -of the present Administration, who is reported, -in the public papers, to have made -use of this expression, on being convicted of -bartering or attempting to barter a seat in -that house, for a Writership in the East -India Service:—it is no less confidently affirmed, -that, in many instances, Boroughs -(intended to return representatives of the -commercial part of the Empire) are become -the properties of private individuals, who -either appoint their own Members (with -this particular proviso, that they shall vacate -their seats, unless they vote agreeably to -the will of the individual appointing them) -or without hesitation sell them to the best -bidder:—it even, sometimes happens, that -the Aristocracy of a county (by which I mean -the proprietors of great landed estates) consult<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_26"></a>[26]</span> -together, how many votes each of them -can command (for they conclude that every -tenant must vote according to the direction -of his landlord) and proceed to put in nomination -such candidates, as may have secured the -weightiest interest with themselves, who are -generally successful; whether are they then, -the representatives of the people, or of a -few individuals constituting this Aristocracy?—Are -these practices consistent with the -Constitution? or rather is not its very principle -violated by them?—in consequence of -these abuses, it may reasonably be conjectured, -that the representative body will become -corrupt;—that their own immediate interests -will outweigh all consideration for the public; -and that they will utterly disregard the -rights and privileges of the people, to protect -which, however, they were originally instituted:—are -the people culpable if aroused -by such grievances? they petition for a Reform -in the Commons House, well aware -that the long duration of Parliaments, not -only gives birth to, but accelerates the progress -of corruption; if they aim at an annual, -rather than a septennial parliament, concluding -that, by how much the shorter the period of -their parliamentary existence may be, the -Administration will become by so much the -less able and less willing to corrupt the -members, and that even should any individuals -of the representative body betray their<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_27"></a>[27]</span> -trust, the period will soon arrive, in which -they may elect more worthy representatives?—It -has been asserted that this is contrary to -the nature of our boasted constitution; but, -if the system be imperfect in this one particular, -why not amend so material a defect?—Or -is the constitution immutable but for the -benefit of the Aristocracy, whilst every change -is inadmissible, that will protect the people -at large in the due enjoyment of their rights -and privileges?—Is the change from a Triennial, -to a Septennial Parliament (brought -about by the representative body, in direct -violation of their constituents’ rights;) is this -change, it may be asked, less hazardous than -one which purposes only to guard against the -corruption, and to correct those abuses which -have almost imperceptibly crept into the -representation?—As the existence of corruption -in the representative is too probable, -so is its prevalence in the constituent body -too notorious:—election by ballot, it has been -supposed, will provide a remedy against this -evil;—it will remain unknown to the candidates -for whom the voters may poll, the application -of bribery therefore will be ineffectual, -as, notwithstanding his acceptance of a -bribe, the voter may still poll, according to -his inclination or his conscience, without the -fear of a discovery.</p> - -<p>In regard to the universal suffrage, it -must be acknowledged that every individual,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_28"></a>[28]</span> -in the state, has an interest in the -proper administration of its affairs, and that -Government will, sometimes, need the support, -even of its meanest subjects; if, therefore, -they are interested in, and contribute -to the support of Government, they are entitled -to a participation in its privileges;—the -privilege they claim is the Elective Franchise, -and as the lower house is called the -Commons House of Parliament, why should -not the members, instead of representing -property, be in fact the representatives of the -People?—At the same time such material -changes adopted on a sudden, might produce -tumult and disorder, they might occasion -convulsions, attended with far more dreadful -effects, than the evils they purpose to remedy;—but -when a minister acknowledges corruption -in his own conduct;—when the sale -of Boroughs is notoriously practised;—when, -in some instances, the representatives of a -County are returned by the influence alone -of a few powerful individuals;—when the -late convictions, in the House of Commons, -for bribery, prove that it is frequently, if not -generally practised by the candidates for seats -in that house, and that it has a pernicious -influence upon the constituent body;—it cannot -be disputed, but that some remedy ought -instantly to be applied, in order to eradicate, -or at least to check the wide spreading infection.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_29"></a>[29]</span></p> - -<p>Lord Grey, Lord Grenville, the Whig -party, even the members of the opposition -are collectively abused by this Author; Lord -Grey and Lord Grenville, however, together -with many other individuals whom he severely -censures, are men of acknowledged talents -and information, as is evident from their general -conduct, and the speeches they have -delivered in various Parliamentary debates; -but they differ in opinion from his Reverence, -if however, every man, who thinks differently -from the learned Author, be a profligate -or a blockhead, we suspect that, besides -himself, he will scarcely find a wise or a -virtuous individual throughout the great -Empire.</p> - -<p>He again resumes his attacks upon the -Catholics, we shall, however, in the first instance, -notice three questions, one particle of -which he so confidently defies them to refute:</p> - -<p>1st. “Does not a Papist kneel down before, -pray and bow to images, pictures, and pieces -of old wood representing our Blessed Saviour, -the Virgin Mary, and many Saints, and does -he not do this for the purpose either of paying -adoration to these identical pieces of -wood, old sheets of oil cloth, with faces -smeared on them, almost as hideous as most -of those you will see at the Catholic Board, -on reading one of Robert Peele’s Anti-catholic -speeches, or to their likenesses?”—In answer<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_30"></a>[30]</span> -to this question we beg leave to refer -to the catechisms of the catholics, in which -occur the following questions and answers:—Is -it lawful to adore the blessed Virgin or -the saints?—No: for by adoration is here -meant the honor due to God alone.—Do the -commandments forbid us to honor the -Saints?—No: for the honor we give them is -different from that which we pay to God, we -honor the Saints as friends and faithful servants -to God.—If it is forbid in Catholics to -worship the Saints, can it be supposed that -they will pay adoration to their image, pictures -or representations?—Or, is it consistent -with probability that the same Church will -direct them, in their riper years, to practise, -what it has taught them when pupils, to reject -and avoid?—The council of Trent has, -without doubt, declared, that due honor and -respect be given to images of Christ, the Virgin -Mary, and the other Saints;—and who -can deny that that degree of honor and respect, -to which they are entitled, should be -paid these, or any other representations?—It -is natural to be affected at the Representation -of a dear departed friend and benefactor; -the Catholics look upon them as their -best of benefactors, they therefore pay them -a due degree of honor and respect, should -they, however, exceed this degree, they are -not only culpable, but obnoxious likewise, -to the censures of their own Church:—the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_31"></a>[31]</span> -Protestants themselves regard King William -III. as their benefactor, of course they honor -and drink to his memory, some even have -been so far inflamed with enthusiasm, as to -drink to his glorious and immortal memory -on their bare knees, are not these Protestants -equally idolatrous with the Catholics?</p> - -<p>Secondly, “He wishes to know whether a -Papist does not pray to Saints and Angels, -and invoke their intercession, thereby making -Gods, not only of Angels, but even -of dead men, although expressly informed, -by God himself, that there is but one mediator -with the Father, not only of redemption -but of intercession also, which is our -blessed Saviour, and in doing so is he not -guilty of idolatry?” That the Roman Catholics -intreat of Saints and Angels to forward -petitions in their behalf, for obtaining -the divine mercy, is acknowledged, but that, -in doing so, they mean to worship them as -Gods, or to incur the guilt of idolatry, is as -confidently denied:—they dread through an -humble confidence of their own demerits, -to offer from themselves an immediate address -to the Deity:—and as Christ himself -has given an example of praying for others, -even his persecutors, in those memorable -words, “Pardon them O Lord, for they know -not what they do;” so the Catholics may -probably imagine that the Saints and Angels -whom they address, will petition in their behalf,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_32"></a>[32]</span> -and as they are pure in comparison with -themselves, these petitions will have greater -effect, than the immediate addresses of a -polluted sinner—we think also, that the answer -to the first, is a sufficient answer to this -question.</p> - -<p>Thirdly, “He is induced to enquire whether -a Papist does not pay divine adoration -to a mixture of flour and water, made up -by the hands of an illiterate and possibly -profligate priest, contrary to the figurative -sense and meaning of the Holy Scripture, -and in direct opposition to reason and common -understanding? does he not believe -that a Popish Priest has the power of -making a God? and does he not bow down -and worship this worse than golden image?”—It -may be asked the Revd. Baronet if he -ever enquired before administering the holy -Communion to his own flock, whether the -bread provided for the purpose, were made -by pure and undefiled hands, whether the -wine were genuine, or brewed by some rascally -vintner;—and is not the term profligate, -equally applicable to a minister of the -establishment, as to a Popish Priest, particularly, -if the minister devotes much of his -time to the joys of the chase, and (we may -naturally suppose) its consequent festivity; -whilst the Priest is laboriously and almost -constantly employed in the conscientious -discharge of his sacred functions? as to the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_33"></a>[33]</span> -adoration paid to the Host, the Catholic believes -that the Body and Blood of Christ -(acknowledged to partake of the Godhead) -are actually present, and can he justly be -called idolatrous for paying adoration to the -presence of Divinity?—the learned gentleman -may also be requested to explain what -he means to impress upon the mind of a Catechumen, -by the following words: “the -Body and Blood of Christ are verily and indeed -taken and received by the faithful in -the Lord’s Supper.”—Let it be understood, -that we by no means, recommend these doctrines, -they may possibly give occasion of -offence to such tender consciences as the Baronet -possesses, they are matters of belief, -and therefore left to every man’s own determination;—since, -however, some particles of -his questions have been absolutely and with -truth denied, whilst others have been so far -answered, we hope, as to exculpate the Catholics -from all criminality either in act or -intention, we may conclude, that should a -Cardinal’s hat be now engaged to the Revd. -Baronet, he will perhaps, not only be almost, -but altogether inclined to renounce his own -faith, and turn Papist.</p> - -<p>In treating of the monstrous doctrines ascribed -by Sir Harcourt Lees to the Catholics, -we may premise that their own general conduct -sufficiently refutes his accusation:—his<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_34"></a>[34]</span> -strong assertions however, may seem to demand -some farther enquiry.</p> - -<p>The 4th Lateran council was held in the -year 1215, at which were present, most of the -christian sovereigns;—this council therefore -may be properly termed a general congress -of the temporal, as well as spiritual Powers of -Christendom; they assembled for the purpose -of suppressing the heresy of the Manchæans, -or Albigenses, whose doctrines -were (according to Mosheim) not only subversive -of morality, decency, and good order, -but even destructive to the human species,—it -was supported by the Counts of -Thoulouse, Cominges, Foix, and aided by -numerous bodies of banditti, hired for this -purpose.—The heresy was condemned by the -spiritual authority of the church; and the -Fiefs of the princes encouraging it, were declared -forfeitures to their liege lords, by the -authority of the sovereigns, there assembled:—the -censures of this council or rather -congress were never promulgated, and scarcely -known in this island, but were directed -(we believe, solely) against the Manchæans -or Albigenses, and the princes above mentioned, -who encouraged and protected the votaries -of this pernicious heresy.</p> - -<p>The council of Constance, held in the -year 1414, expressly declares that it is heretical -to affirm it lawful for a subject to kill -his prince, on any pretence whatsoever, session<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_35"></a>[35]</span> -15. One solitary instance of the contrary -doctrine being maintained, occurs in Mariana, -whose book was condemned, and -publicly burnt by a provincial council of her -own order; this Mariana was a Spaniard, -born at Talavera, in the year 1537, who became -a Religious in the year 1554;—he -was also condemned by the parliament of -Paris, and by the doctors of Sorbonne, and -his book burnt by the hands of the common -hangman.</p> - -<p>The council of Trent assembled in the year -1545, and continued to the year 1563, declares, -that to violate the least point of public faith -given to heretics, is a crime punishable by -the laws of God and Man; session, 15 and -18. The doctrine then of the Catholics teaches -them that no power on earth can absolve -them from allegiance to their sovereigns and -civil magistrates, and obliges them to keep -faith with all men:—when therefore, the -Revd. Author asserts, that according to the -4th Lateran council, oaths taken contrary to -the interest of the Popish church are not to -be called oaths, but perjuries, and that it is -still in force, we must question the accuracy -of his information, in regard to its being a -received doctrine among the catholics;—the -council of Constance, and subsequently the -council of Trent decreed the very reverse, -and the doctrine of the last general council -must now be like the prevailing one:—the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_36"></a>[36]</span> -oaths taken by the priests and Bishops regard -only spirituals, that part which refers -to the Rights, Honors, State and Power of -the Pope is confined (as the Catholics assert) -to such as live under the Pope’s temporal -jurisdiction, or the jurisdiction of a Catholic -Sovereign;—Our own sovereigns are bound -(the author proceeds) by the coronation oath -“to the utmost of their power to maintain -the true profession of the gospel,” but by -gospel, we are enjoined to do unto all men -as we would they should do unto us; persecution -therefore, in the slightest degree, is -a departure from this precept,—“and the -Protestant reformed religion as established -by the laws”—whether will the Protestant -Religion be better maintained by an observance -of, or a deviation from, the doctrine contained -in the Gospel? “to preserve the Bishops -and Clergy of this Realm, and to the -churches committed to their charge, all -such rights and privileges as by law, do or -shall appertain to them, or any of them,” -Catholic Emancipation will not encroach -upon these rights and privileges, it will only -procure an equal participation of civil rights -and privileges for the Catholics, which in -compliance with the Gospel, the Protestants -are bound to grant, as they in a like situation, -would wish to obtain the same privileges -for themselves.</p> - -<p>As Sir Harcourt Lees is so very liberal in<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_37"></a>[37]</span> -his application of censure upon individuals, -upon Parties, upon Sects, who may differ -from himself in opinion, with respect to the -three natural points which concern human -Life, Religion, Morals and Politics, we presume -that he bears in mind and accords with -the assertion of Demosthenes,<a id="FNanchor_1" href="#Footnote_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> “that all men -are, by nature, prone to delight in detraction -and invective,” but that, through the -multiplicity of his studious pursuits, the remainder -of the sentence, in which this assertion -is contained, has entirely escaped his recollection, -“but to be disgusted with those -who praise themselves,” as he is no less liberal -in self Commendation;—The Athenian -Orator indeed recounts to his Audience the -services he had rendered the State, during -his Administration, but handsomely, apologizes -for this conduct, by premissing that he -was obliged to pursue this method, in order -to refute the Calumnies of his Adversary, and -that therefore the odium, naturally attendant -upon self Praise, ought to rest upon the Individual, -who had compelled him to bring forward -such a Relation: Sir Harcourt Lees, -however had no adversary to contend with; -no one disputed his merits; of course he had -no Calumnies to refute; we must conclude -therefore, that he expects some material Reward<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_38"></a>[38]</span> -for his present and former Exertions, -and therefore points out his peculiar claims -lest they should remain unknown and extinguished; -his success we wish not to prevent; -our aim is to guard the Public (since men are -naturally inclined to delight in censure) from -imbibing prejudice through the agreeable -medium of invective.</p> - -<div class="footnotes"> -<div class="footnote"> -<p><a id="Footnote_1" href="#FNanchor_1" class="label">[1]</a> Φυσει πασιν ανθρωποις ὑπαρχει των μεν λοιδοριων κ των καταογριων -ακουειν ἠδεως, τοις επαινουσι δ’ αὑτονς ἀχθεσθαι.</p> -</div> -</div> - -<p>To give advice, without giving offence, is -a serious difficulty;—it has been pertinently -observed, that to give advice is to seize an -occasion of displaying our own wisdom, at -the expence of others, and however readily -a superiority in all other respects, may be -admitted, the assumption of superior sense -and understanding is universally offensive; -the learned Baronet has made a pompous -display of his diligence, his research, his -consequent information, and urges his claim -to attention, from the mortifying circumstance -of our inferiority in understanding, -when compared with his own:—making no -pretensions to superiority of intellect, claiming -only the free exercise of reason and common -sense, and suspecting that some ingredients -in the Rev. Baronet’s prescription -(should it be adopted) might prove injurious -to the general system; We are anxious to -preserve the constitution sound and vigorous, -and being members of the public, we look -upon ourselves as included in the number -of patients, we shall therefore take the liberty,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_39"></a>[39]</span> -without further ceremony, of examining -(as far as we can understand it) into the -composition of his Antidote.</p> - -<p>The Revd. Author thus expresses himself: -“to the superintending care of an energetic, -firm, and most popular administration, I -with confident security resign the civil and -constitutional difference of my country; -the established government in state, may -in such hands be saved from destruction;” -we must beg leave in this particular, to dissent -from his prescription (of which we deem -this an ingredient, since he recommends it -by the authority of his own example) as, -however energetic, firm, popular, and even -strenuously devoted to public liberty the -present ministers may be, they are but men, -of course liable to error and assailable by -the temptations of power and interest we -would, on the contrary, recommend a jealous -vigilance with respect to every measure of -every administration;—the immediate interests -of a minister may be distinct from those -of the people, he may therefore, in some -instances be induced to sacrifice all considerations -for the public good, to the prevailing -motives of avarice and ambition:—and -here we will repeat our dissent from a -Right Honorable Gentleman, should he have -asserted (which however, we gather only from -a News-paper report) that the people have -no right to enter into discussions concerning<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_40"></a>[40]</span> -civil Polity in general, or the immediate -measures of government; his legal experience -we presume, will inform him that a -Trustee is accountable for the proper management -of his trust;—both the executive -and legislative bodies are trustees of the -people, to whom they are responsible, for -the due discharge of the sacred trust reposed -in them; the more they enquire into the effects -resulting from the measures of every -administration, the more competent will they -become in appreciating the merits of their -respective trustees, and the more clearly will -they discern the propriety of conferring upon, -or withholding from them their farther confidence.</p> - -<p>He considers “unrestricted Emancipation -to be impossible, so long as the Constitution -in Church and State shall be Protestant” -and asserts “that the necessity of excluding -Papists from Parliament, and from -the great offices of State, is imperious, in -order to preserve both from destruction.” -Neither can we subscribe to this opinion of -the Revd. Author;—We have endeavored -to prove (and hope with success) that the -Authorities he quotes are unfounded, or obsolete -and at present of no force:—an equal -Participation in the same rights and privilege -produces union and harmony, even among -those who, from the circumstance of receiving -different educations, may have imbibed<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_41"></a>[41]</span> -different religious tenets; whilst a partial preference, -and distinct privileges annexed to -the profession of a particular faith, encourage -the growth of jealousy and discussion:—<i>Divide -and impera</i> is the boasted maxim of a -crooked policy;—a well constituted Government -consults for, and endeavours to promote -the common welfare of all its subjects:—what -have been the measures of policy -pursued with regard to Ireland? The bulk -of its population is Catholic, and has during -a century groaned under the arbitrary sway -of a Protestant Government, partial to professors -of its own faith, and arming them -with distinct privileges;—the Catholics have -been subject to an Oligarchy, composed of -their declared opponents;—they have been -debarred from acquiring real property;—their -Estates have been liable to confiscation, for -refusing to swear contrary to their consciences;—they -have been restricted in the free exercise -of their religion, and from educating -their children in that faith which they esteemed -the true one;—can it be expected, -that these circumstances should attach them -to the constitution? they acknowledge its excellence, -and that its subjects enjoy a greater -portion of liberty, than the subjects of any -other state in Europe;—they look upon -themselves, however, not as its subjects, but -its slaves:—instead of interminable hostility -against the Catholics, we would earnestly recommend<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_42"></a>[42]</span> -conciliation;—let them be once -admitted to all the privileges of subjects, they -will (we dare affirm) become equally zealous -in their attachment to the Constitution, as -the Protestant himself.—In maintaining the -contrary opinion, we regret that the Revd. -Sir Harcourt Lees, should forget his character -as a gentleman and a scholar, for, however -he may vent his spleen in gross and vulgar -abuse, a sinner against good-breeding, and -the laws of decency will no more be esteemed -a good author, than will a sinner against -grammar, good argument, or good sense.</p> - -<p>He is scarcely less abusive in his animadversions -upon the Fanatics or Evangelical, -and if they, in reality, maintain such tenets -as he attributes to them, we must acknowledge -that they are objectionable; they tend -to diminish the general benevolence of mankind, -and to render them regardless of moral -rectitude; but persecution is still more dangerous, -and in proposing a strong test, in addition -to the Thirty-nine Articles he seems -actuated, in some measure, by a spirit of persecution; -even Bishop Burnet (whose orthodox -we presume will not be disputed) confesses -that the requiring subscription to the Thirty -nine Articles, is a great imposition:—and, -would you, Revs. Sir, impose a more grievous -test of orthodoxy?—be assured, that the -strength of your test, and its embracing a -multitude of objects will not tend to confirm<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_43"></a>[43]</span> -your establishment:—it may and probably -will flourish, in power and wealth, with the -government of which it forms a part, but the -superior excellence of the doctrines you profess, -your own exemplary deportment in private -life, together with a zealous exertion in -the discharge of your sacred functions, will -also render its influence extensive, or its duration -permanent:—here we would recommend -(but with the utmost deference and -humility) the co-operation of Government,—were -the gradations in preferment allotted to -gradations in merit,—were the dignities of -the Church, exclusively, appropriated to eminence -in virtue, piety, learning, the clergy in -early life would be stimulated to exertion for -the attainment of these good qualities, their -exertions would, in general, be crowned with -success, and thus, at a more advanced period, -they would become illustrious ornaments to -their profession; whilst the people instructed -by the impressive exhortations, and influenced -by the upright conduct of their clergy, -would be far more inclined to the practise of -morality and good-order.</p> - -<p>In regard to the radical reformers, their -views may possibly be directed to tumult and -anarchy, but the ostensible object of their -contemplation do not appear to us visionary -and impracticable, such material changes, however, -admitted at once into the system, might -be attended with danger and convulsion, we<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_44"></a>[44]</span> -wilt by no means venture to deny that it -might be so, yet Burnet (zealously devoted -to Government in his time) recommends the -annual Election of Representatives as an effectual -expedient to stem the progress of corruption, -which had, even then, made great -inroads among all ranks of people: Election -by ballot would defeat all the purposes which, -at present, induce many of the candidates to -resort to bribery; whilst universal suffrage -would disable them from tampering with all -the voters:—corruption has moreover in -some instances, and at some periods, insinuated -itself into the representative body;—the -expediency of reform, therefore, can be no -longer doubtful;—and that reform is necessary, -the most eminent characters in our -Empire have, long since, acknowledged, they -have likewise on several occasions attempted -to introduce it;—whilst Foreigners contemplating -the excellence of the British Constitution, -and enumerating the beneficial consequences, -resulting to the several Nations -of Europe, from the example of a free and independent -State, flourishing among themselves, -have deeply lamented the existence -of a vice in the system, which must gradually -undermine it;—O Honte (says Raynal) -l’Homme riche achete les suffrages de ses -Commettans, pour obtenir l’Honneur de les -representer; la Cour achete les suffrages des -Representans gouverner plus despotiquement;<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_45"></a>[45]</span> -une Nation sage ne travailleroit elle -pas a prevenir l’une & l’autre corruption? -N’est il pas etonnant que cela ne se soit pas -fait, le jour qu’un Representant eut l’impudence -de faire attendre ses Commettans dans -son Antichambre, & de leur dire ensuite, je -ne sais ce que vous voulez, mais je n’en ferai -qu’a ma tete; je vous ai achetés fort cher, & j’ai -bien resolu de vous vendre le plus cher que -je pourrai:—we here confidently recommend -a radical reform in ourselves, for the -purpose of insuring to the body politic a -sound and perfect recovery—Let every member -of the state correct his own vices—and -the voters should not only correct themselves; -but it is their duty to examine into -the qualifications which can entitle a candidate -to their approbation;—is he frugal in -his expences without meanness?—is he liberal, -without profusion or ostentation?—is his -private life marked by no destructive vice?—they -may safely conclude that such a representative, -unassailable by corruption, will discharge -his trust with fidelity.</p> - -<p>In consequence of the demise of our -late and regretted Monarch, the period -is at hand when the people will have a -legal opportunity of freely and openly expressing -their sentiments, in regard to the -measures lately adopted by Administration;—if, -in their opinion, the good and loyal -subject is farther protected, by these means,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_46"></a>[46]</span> -in the unmolested enjoyment of his rights -and privileges;—if the cottage of the meanest -peasant still remains his castle, from -which he may legally repel all violent intrusion;—if -the Press restrained only in its licentiousness, -is confirmed in the full exercise of -its liberty (the great Bulwark of the British -Constitution)—then will their former members, -who supported such enactments, be returned -to Parliament, as deserving objects of -their preference:—but should they think that -encroachments on civil liberty are substituted -as safeguards to the Constitution;—that -the habitation of every British subject is exposed, -even, to nightly visitations, at the capricious -will of a Magistrate;—that the liberty -of the Press is essentially violated, under -a specious pretext of correcting its -abuses, and preventing the dissemination of -blasphemous and seditious libes;—the people -will be aroused to a consideration of the -danger impending over themselves, and -therefore be cautious in their choice of Representatives;—in -either case, however, we finally -recommend inviolable abstinence from -corruption:—Let no views of present emolument, -no promises of further patronage,—let -neither threats, nor intreaties prevail on -you to depart from the conscientious discharge -of your duty as voters:—the corruption -of the constituent, will serve as an apology -for the corruption of the Representative<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_47"></a>[47]</span> -body:—exhibit in yourselves a generous example -of reform:—your Representatives, -chosen for the good qualities you have discerned -in them, will copy the example and -thus will the pernicious disorder, preying upon -your very vitals, be in some measure -checked, if not entirely eradicated from your -constitution.</p> - -<p>We have thus far obtruded upon the Public, -in consequence of our objections to the -Antidote of Sir Harcourt Lees, and conclude -with an anxious wish that, whatever application -may be adopted by them, it may most -conduce to the advancement of civil and religious -liberty, and may best contribute to the -present and future welfare of the people.</p> - -<p class="right">PHILODEMUS.</p> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter transnote"> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="Transcribers_Note">Transcriber’s Note:</h2> - -<p>The Greek passage on the title page would be better rendered:</p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p>πασῃ φυλαχῃ την ψυχην τηρητεον, μη δια της των λογων ἡδονης παραδεξαμενοι -τι λαθωμεν των χειρονων ὡσπερ ὁι τα δηλητηρια μετα του μελιτος προσιεμενοι.</p> - -</div> - -<p>And the Greek passage in the footnote:</p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p>Φυσει πασιν ανθρωποις ὑπαρχει των μεν λοιδοριων και των κατηγοριων -ακουειν ἡδεως, τοις επαινουσι δ’ αὑτονς ἀχθεσθαι.</p> - -</div> - -<p>A list of changes made to the text:</p> - -<ul> -<li><a href="#Page_3">Page 3</a>, “oppulence” changed to “opulence” (from opulence and prosperity)</li> -<li><a href="#Page_3">Page 3</a>, “coersive” changed to “coercive” (adopt coercive measures)</li> -<li><a href="#Page_5">Page 5</a>, “vigilence” changed to “vigilance” (the vigilance of Ministers)</li> -<li><a href="#Page_6">Page 6</a>, “tenents” changed to “tenets” (whenever the particular tenets)</li> -<li><a href="#Page_9">Page 9</a>, “witnesess” changed to “witnesses” (men, many of them eye witnesses)</li> -<li><a href="#Page_11">Page 11</a>, “tenents” changed to “tenets” (one of the tenets of the new sect)</li> -<li><a href="#Page_11">Page 11</a>, “tenent” changed to “tenet” (according to this tenet)</li> -<li><a href="#Page_12">Page 12</a>, “inaplicable” changed to “inapplicable” (may, perhaps, be not inapplicable)</li> -<li><a href="#Page_15">Page 15</a>, “adminstering” changed to “administering” (his motives for administering)</li> -<li><a href="#Page_17">Page 17</a>, “conscientousness” changed to “conscientiousness” (and conscientiousness in discharge)</li> -<li><a href="#Page_19">Page 19</a>, “irreconciliable” changed to “irreconcilable” (all parties irreconcilable)</li> -<li><a href="#Page_21">Page 21</a>, “quiequid” changed to “quicquid” (Potestas faciundi quicquid per leges liceat)</li> -<li><a href="#Page_21">Page 21</a>, “undersand” changed to “understand” (if we understand the report aright)</li> -<li><a href="#Page_22">Page 22</a>, “serinity” changed to “serenity” (will also invite this serenity)</li> -<li><a href="#Page_23">Page 23</a>, “themelves” changed to “themselves” (they conducted themselves on these occasions)</li> -<li><a href="#Page_25">Page 25</a>, “appology” changed to “apology” (they had had a decent apology)</li> -<li><a href="#Page_26">Page 26</a>, “greivances” changed to “grievances” (if aroused by such grievances)</li> -<li><a href="#Page_26">Page 26</a>, “accellerates” changed to “accelerates” (accelerates the progress of corruption)</li> -<li><a href="#Page_26">Page 26</a>, “septenial” changed to “septennial” (a septennial parliament)</li> -<li><a href="#Page_30">Page 30</a>, duplicated word “the” removed (Do the commandments)</li> -<li><a href="#Page_30">Page 30</a>, “probality” changed to “probability” (is it consistent with probability)</li> -<li><a href="#Page_31">Page 31</a>, “maing” changed to “making” (thereby making Gods, not only of Angels)</li> -<li><a href="#Page_32">Page 32</a>, “poluted” changed to “polluted” (of a polluted sinner)</li> -<li><a href="#Page_32">Page 32</a>, “anwer” changed to “answer” (is a sufficient answer to this question)</li> -<li><a href="#Page_32">Page 32</a>, “appliable” changed to “applicable” (equally applicable to a minister)</li> -<li><a href="#Page_33">Page 33</a>, “Catolics” changed to “Catholics” (ascribed by Sir Harcourt Lees to the Catholics)</li> -<li><a href="#Page_34">Page 34</a>, “Albigensis” changed to “Albigenses” (against the Manchæans or Albigenses)</li> -<li><a href="#Page_35">Page 35</a>, “Marianna” changed to “Mariana” (Mariana, whose book was condemned)</li> -<li><a href="#Page_35">Page 35</a>, “teach-them” changed to “teaches them” (The doctrine then of the Catholics teaches them)</li> -<li><a href="#Page_35">Page 35</a>, “geueral” changed to “general” (the doctrine of the last general council)</li> -<li><a href="#Page_36">Page 36</a>, “confinad” changed to “confined” (Power of the Pope is confined)</li> -<li><a href="#Page_37">Page 37</a>, “apoligizes” changed to “apologizes” (apologizes for this conduct)</li> -<li><a href="#Page_38">Page 38</a>, “univerrsally” changed to “universally” (is universally offensive)</li> -<li><a href="#Page_40">Page 40</a>, “unrestrcited” changed to “unrestricted” (unrestricted Emancipation to be impossible)</li> -<li><a href="#Page_40">Page 40</a>, “Paticipation” changed to “Participation” (equal Participation in the same rights)</li> -<li><a href="#Page_41">Page 41</a>, “jealously” changed to “jealousy” (the growth of jealousy and discussion)</li> -<li><a href="#Page_41">Page 41</a>, “disscussion” changed to “discussion” (the growth of jealousy and discussion)</li> -<li><a href="#Page_41">Page 41</a>, “priveleges” changed to “privileges” (arming them with distinct privileges)</li> -<li><a href="#Page_42">Page 42</a>, “benovelence” changed to “benevolence” (the general benevolence of mankind)</li> -<li><a href="#Page_43">Page 43</a>, “extentive” changed to “extensive” (render its influence extensive)</li> -<li><a href="#Page_43">Page 43</a>, “upwright” changed to “upright” (the upright conduct of their clergy)</li> -<li><a href="#Page_43">Page 43</a>, “impractible” changed to “impracticable” (visionary and impracticable)</li> -<li><a href="#Page_45">Page 45</a>, “bein” changed to “bien” (j’ai bien resolu; the French text left otherwise uncorrected)</li> -<li><a href="#Page_47">Page 47</a>, “obtrurded” changed to “obtruded” (We have thus far obtruded upon the Public)</li> -<li><a href="#Page_47">Page 47</a>, “Harcout” changed to “Harcourt” (the Antidote of Sir Harcourt Lees)</li> -</ul> - -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE IMPROVED ANTIDOTE, SUPPOSED TO BE MORE ACTIVE IN EXPELLING POISON, THAN A LATE INVENTION, BY THE REV. SIR HARCOURT LEES, BART. IN WHICH THE CATHOLICS ARE VINDICATED FROM HIS ABUSE, AND THEIR CLAIMS FOR UNRESTRICTED EMANCIPATION, CONSIDERED ***</div> -<div style='text-align:left'> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will -be renamed. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part -of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project -Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™ -concept and trademark. 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