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diff --git a/old/68392-0.txt b/old/68392-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 926d495..0000000 --- a/old/68392-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3368 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of Reminiscences of the Civil War, -1861-1865, by P. L. Ledford - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: Reminiscences of the Civil War, 1861-1865 - -Author: P. L. Ledford - -Release Date: June 24, 2022 [eBook #68392] - -Language: English - -Produced by: David E. Brown and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team - at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images - generously made available by The Internet Archive) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK REMINISCENCES OF THE CIVIL -WAR, 1861-1865 *** - - - - - - REMINISCENCES - OF - THE CIVIL WAR - 1861-1865 - - BY - P. L. LEDFORD - THOMASVILLE, N. C. - JULY 1909 - - NEWS PRINTING HOUSE - THOMASVILLE, N. C. - - - - - Copyright 1909 - By P. L. LEDFORD - - - - -PREFACE. - - -Although many histories have been written and tradition has furnished -its part toward the perpetuation of the memory of the exciting times -of the civil war, very much occurred that has never been recorded. -Monuments may be erected and histories written, but unless the veterans -now living get busy and refresh their memories, and the memories of -their comrades very much that happened, and ought to be preserved -in durable form will with the passing of the main actors pass into -oblivion. The Confederate Soldiers now living are all old men, and each -one could, and ought to contribute items of information that would be -interesting to the children and adults of future generations. These -scenes, anecdotes, incidents and historical facts ought to be written -by the soldiers themselves, for by no other means can a correct history -of the war period be handed down to posterity. - -I undertake my part of the task well knowing the information that I -shall try to give will not be pictured in a graphic style to please -the overeducated critic, but I feel assured that though written in a -plain style the facts narrated will be read and appreciated by many -who will not depreciate the information given, on account of the lack -of embellishment or absence of the style so pleasing to the lovers of -eloquence, poetry, song and graphic story. - -The following pages written by a plain confederate soldier who spent -three years in the war instead of at college are submitted to the -public upon the merits of the information given, without claiming -any literary merit. Feeling that I am performing an imperative duty -that I owe to the cause and my country, I respectfully dedicate the -reminiscences to the soldiers of the late war who were my comrades -while passing through the trying ordeal. - - In another decade by the sweep of time, - Many of the Veterans will fall out of line; - After a score of years very few there will be - For people then living to entertain or see. - The few that are left will be old and alone, - And quietly waiting for the summons to come; - Not until the last one shall have passed away - Will justice be done to the heroes of that day - Monuments will be erected on the ground where they sleep - And generations to come will their memory keep, - Patriots will pause with trembling and fear - And reverently on their graves drop a tear. - A responsibility now rests on veterans passing away - To rescue from oblivion the doings of that day. - We may not with a facile pen - Give a glowing description of scenes and men. - We can in a plain and plausible way - Give a rough sketch of the doings of that day. - After we have gone to our final home, - These sketches will be read by generations to come. - Let us be up and doing and work with might - And though late in the day commemorate the right. - - - - -CONTENTS. - - - CHAPTER I. - - Causes Leading up to the Civil War. - - Origin of the War 9 - Party Lines 10 - States Secede 11 - - - CHAPTER II. - - Beginning of Hostilities. - - The War Begins 11 - Young Men Volunteer 12 - Parting Scenes 13 - Recusant Conscripts and Deserters 14 - Loss of Loved Ones 15 - Roll Call of the Dead 15 - - - CHAPTER III. - - Condition of People Left at Home. - - Affairs at Home 17 - Civil Officers at Home 18 - Money in Circulation 18 - Farming Interests 19 - Women of the War 20 - Cotton King 21 - Soldiers on Furlough 21 - Homespun Dresses 21 - - - CHAPTER IV. - - Peace Demonstration Among the People. - - Peace Movement 22 - Young Man Pilot 23 - Soldiers Break Up Meeting 23 - Leader of Movement 23 - Old Men Released 24 - Peace Sentiment not Suppressed 25 - - - CHAPTER V. - - Bill of Fare in the Southern Army. - - Soldiers Rations 25 - Rations Supplemented 26 - Extra Rations Found 26 - Coons and Foxes 27 - Unripe Persimmons 27 - The Army not Starving 28 - Rations of Whiskey 28 - Short Rations 29 - Soldiers Forage 29 - Questionable Methods 30 - Detail to Cook 30 - Reproof of Conscience 32 - Mince Pie 32 - Chaplain’s Lecture 33 - - - CHAPTER VI. - - Surroundings of Soldiers and Soldier Life. - - Phases of Soldier Life 33 - Southern Soldiers 34 - Many Surprises 35 - Appearances Deceptive 35 - Soldiers in Camp 35 - Congenial Companions 36 - Disputes and Quarrels 37 - Winter Quarters 37 - Demoralizing Influences 38 - Religious Worship 38 - - - CHAPTER VII. - - Characteristics of Soldiers. - - Difference of Soldiers 39 - The Homesick Soldier 40 - Strenuous Soldiers 41 - Conservative Soldiers 41 - - - CHAPTER VIII. - - Citizens Visiting in Camp and the - Sick Soldier. - - The Sick Soldier 42 - Surgeon’s Call 42 - Simple Minded Sick Soldier 43 - Despondent Sick Soldier 43 - Visiting 45 - Portly Gentleman 45 - Lady Visitors 46 - - - CHAPTER IX. - - Incidents of Camp and Prison Life. - - Soldiers in Prison 46 - Exchange of Prisoners 47 - Punishment 48 - Rations 48 - Camp Life 49 - Soldier on Inspection 50 - Recruit on Guard 51 - An Economical Soldier 53 - A Soldier’s Retort 53 - A Boisterous Soldier 54 - Recruit Detailed 56 - - - CHAPTER X. - - Picket Lines, Battles and Battlefields. - - Picket Line 57 - Picket or Scout 57 - On the Picket Line 58 - Exchange of Courtesies 59 - Fearful Experience 60 - Burned Bodies of the Dead 61 - Test of Valor 61 - Escape to the Enemy 62 - Welcome Peace 62 - On the War Path 62 - Unreliable Soldiers 63 - Music in Battle 63 - Battles 64 - Battlefields 65 - After the Battle 67 - - - CHAPTER XI. - - Fourteenth Regiment N. C. Infantry - and General Officers of the Army - of Northern Va. - - Fourteenth N. C. Regiments 67 - Officers 68 - Unique Characters 69 - A Brave Soldier 70 - Color Bearer 70 - Amusing Scenes 70 - On the Campaign 71 - Distressing Scenes 72 - Battles Engaged in 73 - Victory and Defeat 73 - Decisive Battle 75 - The Enemy Surprised 75 - Battle of Chancellorsville 75 - At Apomattox 76 - General Officers 77 - General Cox 77 - General Grimes 78 - General Ramseur 78 - General Rodes 79 - General D. H. Hill 79 - General A. P. Hill 80 - General Ewell 80 - General Early 81 - General Stuart 81 - General Longstreet 82 - General Breckenridge 82 - General Gordon 82 - General Wheeler 82 - General Jackson 83 - General Robert E. Lee 84 - Recapitulation 85 - - - CHAPTER XII. - - Reconstruction Period. - - Surrender of Lee 86 - Right to Secede 87 - Sherman’s March to the Sea 87 - Home Coming of Soldiers 88 - Assassination of Lincoln 89 - Federal Officers 90 - Conduct of Yankee Soldiers 90 - Looters Follow Yankee Army 91 - Provisional Government 91 - The Negro Enfranchised 91 - Carpetbaggers 92 - The Negro Politician 92 - Election a Farce 93 - Legislature 93 - County Officers 94 - Crimes Committed 96 - Negroes Offensive 96 - Ku Klux Klan 97 - Holden and Kirk 97 - Judiciary Exhausted 98 - Judge Brooks 99 - Negro Problem 99 - The Oldtime Darkey 100 - The Emancipated Negro 101 - The Coming South 103 - - - - -Reminiscences of the Civil War, 1861-1865. - - - - -CHAPTER I. - -CAUSES LEADING UP TO THE CIVIL WAR. - - -ORIGIN OF THE WAR.--At this time, more than forty years removed from -the date of the exciting scenes enacted in the sixties, I desire for -the benefit and edification of my relatives, soldier friends and other -special friends, in a plain unvarnished style to record a few of the -incidents and doings of the people, who were active participants in -the drama of those strenuous times. I shall not confine myself to -dates or specially comment on the personal history of anyone, but -merely wish to rescue from oblivion such items of information as occur -to me, quoting entirely from memory, not having any notes taken at -the time to refer to. I propose to deal in facts, and any reference -I may make will reflect my views from the stand point of a young man -of that period. For a few years prior to the beginning of the war, -I by reading the current literature or newspaper productions of the -country, and listening to discussions of leading men of the times, had -kept myself fairly well posted. The signs of the times were ominous -and indications pointed to a disruption. Dark, threatening clouds of -war seemed to hover over our fair land that had so long enjoyed the -blessings of peace and prosperity. Perhaps we did not appreciate or -failed to realize it, we were really living in a land that flowed with -milk and honey. - - -PARTY LINES.--Like every other great revolution the awful calamity -was preceded by a political revolution. Party lines were broken and -sectional issues caused an alignment of parties North and South. The -burning questions of Slavery and State Rights were brought prominently -to the front. Incendiary speeches were made and incendiary literature -scattered broadcast over the land. The National Democratic Party -assembled in convention, disagreed upon a platform, and the result was -a division of the delegates and the placing of two candidates in the -field for president viz.: Douglas and Breckenridge. The old Whig Party -was defunct and its scattered forces rallied with Bell for its standard -bearer, assuming the name of Knownothing, or American Party. North of -Mason and Dixon’s line a strong sectional party had been organized -known as the Republican Party, with Abraham Lincoln for its candidate -for the presidency. The campaign was fierce and bitter to the extreme. -The leaders advocating the claims of their respective candidates were -aggressive and abusive, and the people wrought up to a high pitch of -excitement. The canvassing and comparing: the votes in the Electoral -College gave Lincoln the requisite number, and he was declared elected. -On the fourth day of March 1861 he became president of the United -States. The fanatics of the North and fire eaters of the South at once -got busy, and by their officious activity precipitated the war. - - -STATES SECEDE.--The Cotton States seceded and set up a government -of their own. Jefferson Davis was elected president of the Southern -Confederacy. North Carolina with other border States waited for some -overt act of Lincoln before passing the Ordinance of Secession. A -convention was called, delegates elected and assembled. The convention -was composed of delegates, a majority of whom were elected as union -delegates, and of course the delegates were backed by a constituency -of the same sentiment. The people of the old North State clung to the -Union as long as there was a vestige of hope of its preservation. - - - - -CHAPTER II. - -BEGINNING OF HOSTILITIES. - - -THE WAR BEGINS.--Fort Sumpter was fired upon and surrendered. Lincoln -called for troops from North Carolina to help to subjugate her Southern -sister States. Governor Ellis promptly informed the president that no -troops would be furnished from the State for such a purpose, and at -once called for volunteers to assist the South in its struggle for -independence. The state followed the lead of Virginia, identified -herself with the South, and the war was on. - -The most loyal friends of the Union now plainly saw that war was -inevitable, and that there was no neutral ground to occupy. This plain -proposition presented itself that all must fight, and to fight for -the perpetuation or restoration of the Union meant crossing the lines -and taking up arms against our own homes and our own people. Very few -were willing to take this step or assume such a responsibility. Past -differences of opinion were to a great extent reconciled, the bulk of -the people stood together, joined the Southern forces, fought under -the same flag, and startled the civilized world with their wonderful -achievements. - - -YOUNG MEN VOLUNTEER.--Young men of my immediate neighborhood -volunteered, some of them deceived by the spell-binders who in their -harangues asserted that all of the blood lost in the war could be -wiped up with a silk handkerchief. These impetuous uncompromising -war men soon began to maneuver to screen themselves and their sons -from serving as soldiers in the army, and were busy trying to secure -bomb proof positions or hire substitutes. The conservative element -composed largely of the honest yeomanry of the country, including many -of its best citizens, although not ambitious for military honors, or -overanxious to become soldiers, held themselves in readiness to join -the army when they considered it time for them to go or their country -demanded their services. As time moved on the army was enlarged and the -home force depleted. From time to time citizens left their homes to -exchange the garb of the citizen for the uniform of the soldier. - - -PARTING SCENES.--There were many pathetic scenes at the parting of -loved ones. The mother reluctantly gave up her sons that she had fondly -hoped would be to her a solace, comfort and support in her declining -years. The boys in their vigorous young manhood went to the war, but -many or them never crossed the threshold of home again. The faithful -wife kissed her husband good-bye fondly hoping, wishing and praying -that he would be spared to return home again, perhaps in a short time -she was left a lonely widow with the double responsibility resting upon -her of training the little family of more than orphan children that -with her were left to mourn their irreparable loss. The affectionate -sister who had grown up in the same home with a brother she was proud -of, helped him to get ready to go to the war, feeling sure he would -return home with honors in a short time, but the ravages of disease, -the exposures of the camp or march, or a fatal shot from the enemy -caused him to fill a soldier’s grave. The sweet young girl enjoying -the ecstatic bliss of loves bright, young dream, cheered her lover as -he moved on to the war, and perhaps at parting they exchanged vows of -undying affection, but cruel fate deprived the gallant young soldier of -the privilege of returning to claim his bride. He too, had to give up -his life on the fatal field of battle. - -Ere the war was half over the most of the ablebodied men were required -to join the army. Many of them promptly responded, while others not -willing to risk the dangers to which soldiers were exposed refused to -go and concealed themselves. - - -RECUSANT CONSCRIPTS AND DESERTERS.--In some sections of the country -there were recusant conscripts and deserters consisting of two -classes. There were some substantial citizens at home that were doing -well, quietly attending to their own home affairs, without paying -much attention to the politics of the country. These citizens were -uncompromising union men, opposed to the war, quietly concealed -themselves and failed to report for duty when called upon. They were -not outlaws in the full acceptation of the term, were supported by -homefolks and friendly sympathizers, and did not interfere with the -personal rights or property of anyone. There were others though who -were vindictive and terrorized the people by pillaging, stealing, -robbing, doing private injury and sometimes threatening the lives of -people at home. In places infested by such gangs a fearful state of -affairs existed. These recusant conscripts and deserters were hunted -by details of soldiers already in the service, assisted by militia -officers at home. Some of the militia officers rendered themselves very -unpopular by offensive methods used to capture men who were dodging, -consequently a very bitter feeling was engendered between neighbors and -sometimes between members of the same family. The power of the civil -government and military was used to induce all to join the army, and -the most of the men subject to military duty had to go, although some -went under protest. - - -LOSS OF LOVED ONES.--As the war advanced there was mourning in many -homes, on account of the loss of loved ones. Within a radius of a very -few miles of my home many stalwart young men were brought home dead, -having sickened and died in camp, on the march, in the hospital, or -having been slain in battle. Many a poor boy the idol of a good mother -gave up his life on the gory battlefield, deprived of the tender care -and affectionate ministrations of a mother, sister or wife to comfort -him in his dying hour. Some were left with their bones to bleach on the -gory field of battle, others were never accounted for and if buried at -all were buried by strangers that did not know them and perhaps did not -want to know them. - - -ROLL CALL OF THE DEAD.--The following principally young men are the -names of some of my relations, playmates, schoolmates, acquaintances or -soldier comrades that lost their lives during the war: - - -NAMES. - -Henry Burough, Alsan Burough, Franklin Burough, David Bowers, Zadoc -Burton, Basil Burton, Frank Britt, John Clinard, Henry Clinard, John -Clinard, Francis Clinard, William Collett, Franklin Collett, Jacob -Crouch, John Crouch, Hugh Clodfelter, David Clodfelter, Alfred Cecil, -Nelson Cecil, William Craven, Ransom Edinger, George Edinger, Phillip -Edinger, Jesse Edwards, William Fowler, Benjamin Faulkner, Nicholas -Fouts, Henry Fritts, Jesse Green, Shepherd Green, Daniel Green, -Harrison Green, John Gardner, John Gillem, Madison Harmon, Charles -Harmon, Elwood Haines, Sanford Hammer, Jacob Hedgcock, John Hiatt, -Fred Hiatt, Jesse Hilton, Evan Hilton, Jacob Hilton, Henry Hilton, -Barnabas Hayworth, C. P. Jones, Purvis Jackson, Joseph Jackson, Joseph -Jones, William Kanoy, John Kanoy, Henderson Kanoy, John Kanoy, Charles -Kennedy, John L. Long, Henry F. Ledford, Charles Lines, Joseph Murphy, -William Miller, Franklin Motsinger, John Meredith, Winborn Mendenhall, -Robert McCutcheon, Mack Myers, Harrison Porter, Charles Payne, Thomas -Payne, Shubel Payne, Sanford Payne, Solomon Roberts, John Stone, -William Stone, Milton Sledge, Hiram Sowers, Humphrey Sowers, Robert -Small, Samuel Sink, John Sink, Adam Sink, Valentine Sink, Jesse Sink, -Solomon Sink, George Sink, John Sink, Joseph Sink, David Shuler, -William Traynham, McKindre Veach, John Wagner, Charlie Willie, William -Wagner, John Welborn, Madison Welborn, William Whitehart, Willis -Whitehart, and John Yokley. - -Comparatively few of my acquaintances or young men with whom I -associated prior to the beginning of hostilities, went to the war -and returned to their homes at the close. Some of them returned on -crutches, some with empty sleeves, and some with scars of wounds -received in battle that they will carry to their graves. - - - - -CHAPTER III. - -CONDITION OF PEOPLE LEFT AT HOME. - - -AFFAIRS AT HOME.--The women, children, old men and servants left at -home passed through an ordeal sad indeed to contemplate. The servants -or negroes deserved much credit for their loyalty to their then legal -owners. Instead of being a menace as was feared and expected, they were -a protection to the helpless white population, and did much for the -support of the people at home, and for the support of the soldiers in -the field. To the very old people the blow fell with a crushing force. -In addition to the accumulated burdens that naturally fall to the lot -of old people, the loss of their sons, grand sons, and neighbors so -prostrated them with grief that the gray hairs of many of them were -brought down in sorrow to the grave. The little children for four years -being deprived of the protection, support, counsel and assistance -of fathers suffered an irreparable loss, a loss that no subsequent -attention, education or opportunity could possibly restore. - - -CIVIL OFFICERS AT HOME.--After the war had somewhat advanced, the civil -officers, railroad and mail service and public places were to a great -extent managed by old men. Young men at home were lonesome and did not -stand as high in the estimation of the people as the young men who -went to the war. They too had to submit to the taunts of the soldiers, -on account of their maneuvering to keep out of danger. It was not -considered patriotic for young men to screen themselves, because there -seemed to be a necessity for all to enter the service, or at least as -some had to go it was argued that all should fare alike. Schools and -churches suffered in the general wreck and the morals and intelligence -of the rising generation was at a low ebb. Teachers and preachers’ -salaries and physicians’ fees were paid in kind. Corn, wheat, beans, -peas, pork, bacon, lard, butter, homemade cloth, and anything that -answered for clothing or provision was gladly received as a substitute -for money. - - -MONEY IN CIRCULATION.--The only money in circulation was Confederate -money or State treasury notes which depreciated in value until worth -scarcely the paper upon which it was printed. The gold and silver coin -in the hands of the people was hidden or buried in the ground not to be -resurrected unless in case of extreme necessity. Very little building -or improvement of any kind was going on. - - -FARMING INTERESTS.--For the want of laborers farms were neglected and -many fertile fields growed up with sprouts and briers. Fences gave -out or fence rows growed up with weeds and briers. Gulleys washed in -the roads and some places were almost impassable. Everything in the -way of improvement was on the decline. But few new houses were built -and homefolks were sometimes driven to the necessity of sheltering -in houses not very comfortable. Farm implements gave out and it was -a difficult matter to replace them. Old plows and hoes that had been -thrown away were hunted up and repaired so as to answer the purpose, -and many rude substitutes used for farming tools that had been formerly -used. It was a turning back to usages of generations past. Rawhides -were tanned in the country and coblers made shoes out of the homemade -leather. In place of the New Orleans or Cuba molasses a syrup was -manufactured from sugar cane grown on the farm. Some enterprising -boys gathered persimmons and had them distilled into brandy which -supplemented the supply made from the surplus fruit. Corn and rye were -not distilled into whiskey on account of the scarcity of breadstuff. A -little of everything made on the farm was collected and placed in the -hands of a commissary and was used to help support the soldiers in the -army. - - -WOMEN OF THE WAR.--The noble women took upon themselves a burden -that was borne with fortitude or heroism that is without a parallel -in the annals of the history of any country or any people. They -achieved wonders in the homes by their ready inventive powers, which -enabled them to substitute many useful articles from which they were -cut off, on account of the blockade, rigidly enforced by the Federal -authorities. Spicewood tea, Sassafras tea, a beverage made of parched -corn, rye, chestnuts, dried slices of sweet potatoes and many other -things were used as a substitute for coffee. Dried persimmons were -used for puddings after the season for them had passed, and a very -good bread was made with a mixture of potatoes with meal or flour. On -many farms women and children cultivated the crops making a support -for homefolks. Women would hoe corn, sometimes plow, make hay, bind -and haul in wheat, sometimes help to thresh, gather, shuck and crib -corn and do almost any kind of farm work. The little girls would put -the bridles on old horses or mules and with grists of corn or wheat -ride several miles to mill. The old man at the mill would pleasantly -speak to the little girls, addressing them as his smart little boys. -The little girls proud of the distinction would saucily and laughingly -answer him saying, “Yes we are Tomboys.” - - -COTTON KING.--Cotton proved to be king indeed, and upon this staple -the south depended largely for clothing, bed clothing, tent cloths and -indeed everything for which cloth was used. The women took the lint -or raw material and by carding, spinning, weaving, cutting and sewing -converted it into clothing, bed clothing and many other articles. In -place of dyestuffs usually purchased at the stores and brought from -other countries, they used Walnut, Redoak, or Maple bark, Sumac and -other things that they discovered they could substitute and utilize. -From wheat straw they manufactured hats that answered the purpose and -were worn by men, women and children. - - -SOLDIERS ON FURLOUGH.--The girls were proud of the boys who were in the -army, always glad to see them come home and always gave them a cordial -welcome when they came home on furlough. Several girls would get -together and give the boys a reception which amounted to an ovation. -The girls and soldier boys mutually enjoyed these gatherings and would -together sing war songs or popular airs such as, Dixie, Southern Girl, -Stars and Bars, Homespun dress etc. - - -HOMESPUN DRESSES.--The girls wore homespun dresses and in the -estimation of the boys were just as pretty, neat and sweet as if they -had been arrayed in silk and purple. - - Pretty girls vacated the parlor and sitting room - To operate the spinning wheel and old fashioned loom, - The lint of the cotton was carded to a shred, - Then carded into rolls and spun into thread. - Thread was placed on a reel which turned round again and again - Until the dial plate registered enough cuts for a skein. - The thread was then placed in homemade dye - And changed into any color that was desired. - On the warping bars the thread was handled again - And the piece laid off for so many yards of chain. - On the spindle of the little wheel was placed the reed quill, - And enough thread placed around it the reed to fill - The thread then around the beam was strung - And the quills in the shuttle nicely hung. - Two pretty girls were busy working all day - Placing the thread through a six hundred sley, - Then the battle with the baton begun - And erelong the bolt of cloth was done. - Then with the skill of an artists hand - The cutting of the garments by the girls began; - Very soon the little girls were dressed up neat - In homespun dresses looking pretty and sweet. - - - - -CHAPTER IV. - -PEACE DEMONSTRATIONS AMONG THE PEOPLE. - - -PEACE MOVEMENT.--In 1862 a very decided sentiment in favor of a peace -movement was inaugurated, and attained to some prominence in the state, -especially among the original union men and parties dissatisfied with -the existing state of affairs. Announcement of a meeting was made to -be held at a place near Thomasville known as Kennedy’s School House. -Publicity was given to the report that speakers would be present to -address the meeting and discuss the proposed issue. A good crowd -assembled, the most of them prompted by honorable motives, merely -wishing to hear discussed or explained the plan proposed by the leaders -of the movement. With the exception of a very few of the leaders no -one entertained any treasonable intentions. The authorities had been -notified of the proposed meeting and a detail of soldiers was sent to -break it up. - - -YOUNG MAN PILOT.--A young man who happened to be in the neighborhood -was pressed into service by the soldiers to pilot them to the place. He -did not relish the idea of going with them, but the unusual sight of -bayonets and guns in the hands of the belligerent soldiers was a very -persuasive argument to him to induce him to comply with their demands. -He does not deny the fact that he was badly scared, and although he -laughs about it now, says that it was a serious matter then, and that -he distinctly remembers his hair stood up stiff and straight giving him -trouble to keep his hat on his head. - - -SOLDIERS BREAK UP MEETING.--Without any previous notice the soldiers -charged upon the meeting and the crowd dispersed and retreated at the -first intimation of their approach. The citizens hit the grit and ran -with a speed that would put to shame the exploits of the Yankees and -Rebels in the valley of Virginia. - - -LEADER OF MOVEMENT.--The leader who was mainly responsible for the -meeting was the first one to absent himself upon the approach of the -soldiers. He got away as fast as his legs could carry him, and that was -about as fast as anyone could go, for he had the reputation of being -a champion runner. A tall young man made a break for the tall timber -and was in the act of unhitching his horse, when a limb very close to -him was cut off by a minnie ball. It was supposed that he was shot at -through mistake, and that the soldiers shooting at him were under the -impression that he was the leader, who had been represented to them -as a tall man. A friend of the victim of this close call who was also -near by unhitching his horse was treated to music made by the hissing -of minnie balls, passing uncomfortably near him. Both of them left the -place as fast as their horses could carry them. A good portion of the -crowd was captured and taken to Camp Holmes, near Raleigh. The most of -the young men captured volunteered and joined the Southern Army and the -old men were finally released. - - -OLD MEN RELEASED.--It was especially severe on the very old men who -were without warning taken and compelled to endure the privations of -prison and camp life. The poor old men innocently feeling that they -had done no wrong were kept in suspense and in constant dread for many -days fearing that they would be court-marshalled and perhaps executed. -Among them was an eccentric old fellow not overly preposessing in -appearance. After being in camp for many days without a change of -clothing and his white beard stained with tobacco juice, he presented -a rather grotesque and by no means attractive appearance, but he took -a philosophical view of the situation and looked on the sunny side. -He amused the soldiers in camp with his wit and humor, and although -perhaps eighty years old would sing gay songs and with a little -encouragement from the boys dance a jig. At the close of the day he -would seriously say to his old comrades that although they had passed -through another day it would be their last, and that they would all be -executed tomorrow. His comrades knew that he indulged in a great deal -of levity, but being apprehensive themselves feared the old man was -correct in his surmises, and retired not to sleep but to think of loved -ones at home that they would perhaps never see again. - - -PEACE SENTIMENT NOT SUPPRESSED.--The incident did not entirely suppress -the sentiment in the community in favor of peace, but did prevent any -further public demonstration. - - A blessed hope of peace permeated the throng, - To them it cooed like a dove with its siren song, - But it proved a delusion and a snare - To get them in trouble of which they were not aware. - They innocently cried peace when there was no peace, - Their unfortunate meeting was imprudent at least; - The meeting culminated in a tragic end - And made them wiser and perhaps better men. - - - - -CHAPTER V. - -BILL OF FARE IN THE SOUTHERN ARMY. - - -SOLDIERS’ RATIONS.--Soldiers in the Southern army did not live on the -fat of the land fareing sumptuously every day. They often had to live -on a stinted allowance, and articles of food placed before them that -would not have been accepted with thanks at home. A day’s allowance -to a soldier consisted of a small cake of wheat or corn bread, or six -hard tacks, a small piece of beef or pickled pork, sometimes a little -rice or small amount of beans or peas. A hearty man that gave way to -his appetite often ate an entire day’s rations at one meal and then was -hungry the balance of the day. The judicious soldier though divided his -allowance into three parts and fared better by adhering strictly to the -custom of eating three times a day. - - -RATIONS SUPPLEMENTED.--Anything in sight was devoured with avidity to -supplement rations issued. Parched corn on a march when the supply -was scarce was not a poor substitute for bread. If a soldier found a -persimmon tree loaded with fruit it was gathered with as much eagerness -as a miner would pick up a gold nugget. Such a find was regarded as a -bonanza. Walnuts, hickory nuts or even acorns were carefully saved to -supplement rations issued. - - -EXTRA RATIONS FOUND.--A squad of men was detailed to tear down an old -building and removing the rubbish captured and killed several big fat -rats which were skinned, dressed, cooked and ate with a relish. Around -the old building was a luxurious growth of cresses and wild onions, -which were carefully gathered by the soldiers and cooked and considered -very palatable. - - -COONS AND FOXES.--One evening after the army stopped to go in camp a -tree was cut down for fire wood and the soldiers were surprised and -pleased to find and catch two nice coons which were cooked for supper -and made a very savory dish. At another time while going into camp a -rush was made for a tree top and a red fox was jumped. The chase was -very much enjoyed by the boys. The fox in its frantic efforts to escape -sometimes jumped as high as the heads of the soldiers who surrounded it -and was knocked back by them. Finally the fox was captured and the boys -said it tasted much better than beef or pork they were accustomed to. - - -UNRIPE PERSIMMONS.--On a march a soldier dropped out of line, climbed -a tree and was helping himself to unripe persimmons. An officer -coming along, reprimanded him, ordered him back in line and asked him -why he was so greedily devouring such unwholesome food? The soldier -innocently replied that he had discovered that green persimmons had a -drawing effect and thought perhaps by using them he could shrink his -stomach to the capacity of amount of rations issued. The officer seemed -to comprehend the logic of his reasoning and left him to test the -practical value of his theory. - - -THE ARMY NOT STARVING.--It is not the intention to try to make the -impression that the Southern army was in a starving condition. Such an -intimation would be misleading. The only wonder is that the soldiers -were provided for as well as they really were. Perhaps all armies -sometimes suffer the inconvenience of short rations. The kind reader -must charitably in imagination take the place of the soldier to be -fully competent to sympathize with him. - - The overscrupulous reader with pious thought - May condemn the soldier for using thing’s not bought, - And may in his honest heart feel - That under no circumstances should anyone steal. - Better get down on repentance stool - And figure out the golden rule; - Go to bed hungry and fail to sleep - Then get up courage the eighth commandment to keep. - - -RATIONS OF WHISKEY.--Rations of whiskey were occasionally issued and -the effects of the stimulant were very soon apparent, for soldiers -had nothing to put the liquid in to save, and were obliged to use -it to keep it from wasting and then for awhile there was plenty of -fun in which officers and soldiers joined. If an officer happened to -get enough to make him too hilarious he was placed in arrest until -he sobered up. If a soldier in the ranks imbibed to freely and in -consequence wanted to monopolize control of things and indulged in -conversation boisterous or unbecoming he was quietly assigned to -quarters in the guard house until he had time to cool off. - - -SHORT RATIONS.--Sometimes rations were short and hungry soldiers are -not apt to be in the best of humor. At such times grumbling was in -order or at least freely indulged in, but grumbling did not bring the -beef and corn bread. If adjacent to orchards, potato patches, corn -fields or hen roosts, some of the boys would manage to supplement their -rations, put on an innocent look and apparently become indignant if -accused of crossing the guard line of the camps. - - -SOLDIERS FORAGE.--Soldiers would forage for something to eat. They -would visit farm houses and put in a plausible plea, with money, cheek -or chin music, get on the good side of the good women and prevail on -them to furnish them with fruit, potatoes, butter, apple butter, bread, -pies or anything that could be used and a soldier could use anything -that anybody could eat. A shrewd forager failing to get anything at -farm houses would take a mental survey of the different places and -at night would by bribing the sentinel or slipping across the guard -line go straight to potato patches, orchards or corn fields and borrow -fruit, potatoes, roasting ears and sometimes induce a fat hen to go to -camp. This process of borrowing was so skillfuly manipulated that the -owner of the premises was kept in blissful ignorance of the way the -articles were appropriated. There were company officers who would deal -very gentle with a soldier that stole out of camp to forage, provided -the officer shared in the find whatever it might be. - - -QUESTIONABLE METHODS.--A big burly soldier went a short distance from -camp and deliberately shot down a good sized fat pig, being caught in -the act by some soldiers, he said he killed it in self defense and that -no hog should bite him. He skinned the hog, carried it to camp, late -in the night borrowed a camp kettle and cooked the pork. Some officers -passing along reproved the soldier and threatened to put him in the -guard house, but were persuaded to be lenient by promising them a good -slice of the pork which tasted as good to an officer as a private. The -good old citizen had a drove of fat hogs, missed one and reported to -the colonel of the regiment. An order was at once issued to the captain -of each company to search the tents. An officer passed round, peeped -into the tents, saw no pork or even smelled any and reported nothing -found in the company. The most of the boys of the company though had a -good breakfast and pork was part of the bill of fare. - - -DETAIL TO COOK.--On a march one evening the army halted to take up camp -for the night; rations were issued and a detail made to do the cooking. -Among the soldiers detailed was one who though very much fatigued -worked faithfully until the two days rations were cooked and issued to -the men. His partner immediately after going in camp had gone to a -farm house not far distant and had succeeded in getting two canteens -full of good fresh milk. After the cooking was done the soldier who had -been detailed being very hungry, took the canteen of milk, two day’s -rations and ate it all for supper, not leaving a crumb for the next two -days. He then took in the situation, jumped at a conclusion, struck a -bee line across a piece of woods and accidentally met a comrade whose -breath betrayed the fact that he had been drinking brandy. It suddenly -occurred to the soldier that he needed a little for his stomach’s -sake, although it was loaded with two day’s rations, and they together -went a short distance across the country and was face to face with the -maker and vender of the liquid. Making their wants known he took their -canteens and a pitcher supposed to be full of water and started for -the liquor house. The boys followed him going through a dining room. -The quick eye of the soldier noticed a clean table cloth on the table -covering something. Without stopping as he passed along he quietly -raised the cloth and made a discovery. One of the boys canteens was -filled and handed back to him. Upon sampling it they found it had been -well watered. The citizen was politely informed that it was brandy not -water the boys wanted. Without arguing the case he poured the grog out -of the canteen and filled them up with the pure unadulterated article. -After filling the vessels he lead the way starting out and the boys -followed, the boy who had been detailed to cook in the rear. Passing -through the dining room by some unaccountable manipulation the rations -moved from the table and bread, meat, pickles, pies and cakes found a -resting place in the capacious haversack of the soldier and there was -no more solicitude about rations for the next two days. - - -REPROOF OF CONSCIENCE.--Late one evening the army marched by a -luxurious field of corn. A soldier who was hungry and whose haversack -was empty thought it would be real nice to have roasting ears for -supper. As soon as the army halted to go into camp, he with two -comrades though quite a distance started for the field of corn. When -they got to the field it seemed to be full of soldiers on the same -mission as they were. The soldier though hungry and very much fatigued -proposed to his companions to return to camp and trust to providence, -declaring that his conscience would not allow him to join the crowd -and take the corn. They returned to camp and were agreeably surprised -to find in their tent a box from home full of good things to eat. The -soldier was fully convinced by the circumstance that “Conscience is in -all cases a correct moral guide.” - - -MINCE PIE.--Two boys came into camp one day selling mince pies. Two -soldiers bought one, ate, smacked their lips, pronouncing it good and -wished for more. Before the boys got out of hearing they got into a -dispute about the division of the money. The smaller boy cried and said -it was his puppy that was killed to furnish material for the pie and he -was entitled to his part of the proceeds. The soldier boys would have -been glad to have parted with the puppy dog, but it had come to stay. - - -CHAPLAIN’S LECTURE.--On one occasion on a march rations were scarce and -the soldiers were hungry. Some of the boys invaded a corn field and -were plucking ears of corn expecting at night to feast on roasting ears -for supper. The chaplain of a regiment rode along and began to give -the boys a moral lecture, telling them it was wrong to steal and that -the corn did not belong to them. The soldiers paid no attention to his -talk and quietly filled their sacks. The chaplain seeing that they were -determined to take the corn said to them, if they were going to take -the corn anyway to throw him over a few ears for his pony. - - - - -CHAPTER VI. - -SURROUNDINGS OF SOLDIERS AND SOLDIER LIFE. - - -PHASES OF SOLDIER LIFE.--The many phases of soldier life furnish the -inquiring mind food for thought and research. The mere fact that an -army is an aggregation of discordant elements made up from different -parts of the country is a sufficient basis for an interesting subject -for investigation. The soldiers representing the different sections of -the country represent the manners, customs, habits and characteristics -of the inhabitants of the communities from which they came. In -addition to this if we take into consideration the personal habits, -characteristics and eccentricities of the individual, analyzing the -attitude, latitude, aptitude, and magnitude of the capabilities and -wonderful scope of each one we find ourselves exploring a wonderful -field that startles us. - - -SOUTHERN SOLDIERS.--The Southern army was not only made up of soldiers -from different parts of the country, but from the different pursuits -and conditions of life. Our army of which the South has cause to be -proud contained the most of the ablebodied men of the South, and it is -no reflection upon the fair name and fame of the gallant soldiers of -the army that there were among them some enrolled that were failures. -There were figureheads, deadbeats, skulkers, hospital rats and others -who were drawbacks to the army. There were men enrolled who at home -were successful and regarded as good citizens, but as soldiers were -failures because they had no turn, taste, tact, inclination or -adaptability for soldier life. It was unfortunate for our army, our -country and for such soldiers that there was a necessity to enroll -them. - - -MANY SURPRISES.--Very often the palest, thinnest, weakliest, scrawniest -looking fellow stood the exposure and hardships of the camp, march -and battlefield much better than a stalwart looking boy. Sometimes -the most timid lad, who seemed to shrink from any duty likely to give -him notoriety, developed into the most aggressive, daring soldier -and astonished officers and comrades with his reckless ventures and -achievements. There were officers and men who would for the sake of -promotion unnecessarily expose to imminent danger themselves or men -under them. The truly brave soldier will shelter or protect himself -when he can do so without jeopardizing the cause he represents, but -when necessary will expose himself and face danger like a man. The -truly brave officer will lead and not undertake to drive his men in -battle and screen himself. - - -APPEARANCES DECEPTIVE.--Appearances are often deceptive. Sometimes a -man of fine physique, good looking, stalwart, having the appearance of -being a brave soldier that would sacrifice his life rather than show -the white feather collapses in the hour of danger, entirely unable to -control his nervous system, proving himself to be constitutionally a -coward. Such men ought to be pitied instead of being persecuted. - - -SOLDIERS IN CAMP.--The self-constituted bully of the camp who wants -to engage in a fisticuff with anyone that dares to cross his path -will often tremble with fear when going into battle. The soldier that -delights in giving exaggerated accounts of his exploits and hairbreadth -escapes usually is an artful dodger and an expert in framing excuses to -keep out of danger when the battle is on. In the army were soldiers who -died of grief or homesickness. However much a soldier may be attached -to his home surroundings it is a mistake to give up and brood over a -separation that is inevitable. The soldier who takes a sensible view -of the situation, keeps up his courage and as far as possible keeps in -good heart by looking on the sunny side of life always fares the best. -One who always seems lowspirited, out of heart, and cultivates such -a feeling receives scant sympathy from his comrades, but one who is -cheerful, apparently happy whether really feeling so or not does not -have to hunt for kindred spirits to share his happiness with him. To a -soldier in camp virtually performing the same round of duty every day, -life is likely to become monotonous, and moodiness or gloom intrudes -its unwelcome presence, then the thing to do is to seek a change and -look for something to divert his attention and cause him for the time -being to forget his real or imaginary trouble. - - -CONGENIAL COMPANIONS.--In the Southern army a soldier could always -find congenial company for there was variety to choose from. In the -different tents or around the camp fires were crowds making merry -with music and dancing, crowds spinning yarns or telling anecdotes or -stories, classes singing sacred songs or squads engaged in conversation -on subjects to suit anyone. Nothing to do but to make a choice of the -place and be entertained. - - -DISPUTES AND QUARRELS.--In camp everything was not always harmonious. -Among the boys there were sometimes misunderstandings, which gave rise -to disputes or quarrels, occasionally culminating in fisticuffs or -fights which often landed the participants in the guard house. - - -WINTER QUARTERS.--A soldier in the Southern army had no abiding place -to stay or at least only temporary. In winter quarters in the dugout, -rude cabin, tent, or bivouacing primitive life was fairly illustrated -and it is surprising to people accustomed to the conveniences of life -to realize how few of these conveniences soldiers are supplied with. -Very often one little frying pan or kettle performs its round of -service for an entire village of cabins or tents, and it is not unusual -in camp to hear the owner of an implement or vessel cry out “come home -frying pan” or “come home coffee pot.” The call was a peremptory order -to the borrower to return the missing article which was perhaps by -the careless soldier thrown aside. The reminder generally caused the -occupants of the tents to institute a search, usually resulting in the -return of the missing article. Soldiers’ temporary homes exemplified -their home training. Some of their places were comfortable, neat -and attractive, while others were just to the reverse. Some of the -occupants kept themselves and their clothing clean and neat, while -others were contented to wrap themselves up in their filthy rags -sometimes infested with vermin. There were though police and sanitary -regulations that all were obliged to observe or pay the penalty, and -there was an etiquette among soldiers that was generally observed. Many -a soldier would forage for something to eat, but would suffer with -hunger to the extreme limit rather than appropriate to himself the -rations issued to another. A soldier who would steal the rations of -another sacrificed his honor and self respect and was regarded by his -comrades as a sneak thief at home. - - -DEMORALIZING INFLUENCES.--While an army always carries with it many -demoralizing influences, a man can be a soldier and a gentleman too, -but one who is not a gentleman at home, in the army is sure to show -the cloven foot. In winter quarters more attention is paid to social -features than at any other time. Hostilities to a great extent cease -during the winter though sometimes the armies clash. - - -RELIGIOUS WORSHIP.--Sometimes while in winter quarters soldiers got -together and built rude log houses for places of worship. Protected -from the cold in these houses soldiers gathered together usually for -regular Sunday preaching and sometimes prayer meetings were held during -the week. Perhaps as large a per cent. of soldiers attended preaching -as people at home who had more convenient and comfortable places of -worship. In summertime soldiers usually assembled in a grove to listen -to sermons preached by their chaplain or visiting ministers. - -In the Southern army occasionally very much religious interest was -manifested and revivals were not unusual. Singing, prayer and sometimes -shouting were heard in the camp. - - - - -CHAPTER VII. - -CHARACTERISTICS OF SOLDIERS. - - -DIFFERENCE OF SOLDIERS.--There is as much difference in the make up -of the average soldier as in the average citizen at home. It is said -that variety is the spice of life and in the army we get variety with -a vengeance, and the spice is sometimes a little bit peppery. The home -training and habits as well as the natural disposition of the men will -show itself in the army, and no amount of diplomacy can relegate these -acquired or inherent qualities to the back ground. It is not everyone -that can join heartily in a course of life that is distasteful, and one -who does will be very apt to adopt the requirements of the new life -to the exclusion of long established habits and customs, and will -sometimes overdo himself in exercising uncalled for and unnecessary -stunts. - - The life of a soldier in a strenuous channel does run. - And the life is by no means a pleasant one; - The attractions that lure young men to the field - Are very seductive and to them many yield. - When they don the uniform and fall in line - They surrender their freedom and in servitude are confined. - It requires the decision of character and nerve of the brave - To imperil ones life his country to save. - This heroism throws aside all fear and dread, - But is never appreciated till the victim is dead, - We may eulogize the hero with eloquence, poetry and song, - But he quietly sleeps while the pageantry is going on, - The odor of the flowers that we place on the grave - Is lost to the hero who gave his life his country to save. - - -THE HOMESICK SOLDIER.--The timid homesick soldier grieves himself to -death, and if perchance he has to engage in a battle he welcomes the -friendly missile that puts an end to his forlorn condition. He thinks -of nothing but home and rather than drag out, to him, a miserable -existence in the army surrenders his life freely and willingly. -The following lines are intended to picture the end of one of this -unfortunate class: - - I am weary to-night and as lonely as can be, - I am far from my friends that I may never see, - - I am hungry and cold; how can I my time employ? - I know my good christian mother is praying for her boy. - - I on the cold ground must lie down to sleep, - If mother knew my condition how bitterly she would weep; - - In camp I hear stories laughter and song, - I am longing for home and cannot join. - - They tell me I am homesick perhaps it is true - I must shake off this despondency or I will never pull through - - I am wishing for anything that can be arranged - Anything, just anything, anything for a change, - - I hear the report of a signal gun, - Now we may listen for the sound of the old bass drum. - - Fall in, fall in is the command to all, - And now we must answer at once to rollcall; - - “Attention Company;” says the officer in time: - Forward double quick is the command that is passed down the line. - - I hear the boom of cannon and rattle of smallarms, - The screams of the wounded show that the battle is on, - - I am mortally wounded see how my blood flows, - I am sinking to rest, my troubles are o’er. - - I am thirsty, feel chilly and cold and must sleep, - Farewell my dear mother, please do not weep. - - I see you yes ’tis you, I knew you would come, - Now take me dear mother again to our home. - - As the last word was spoken he drew the last breath, - And no mother there to sooth him in death, - - The poor homesick boy in battle did fall, - He had listened and answered to the last rollcall. - - -STRENUOUS SOLDIERS.--Soldiers like citizens are sometime extremists, -and are likely to say and do some very unreasonable things. They work -themselves up to a high pitch of excitement, see but one side of a -question and are intolerant. Soldiers of this class are usually not the -most reliable and their rashness is liable to lead them to do things -detrimental to the cause they represent. The following lines illustrate -this objectionable element. - - Sound the bugle and beat the drum, - Fall in line, let the enemy come, - Let us charge the Yankees and let them know - We can shoot them down and over their dead bodies go. - If they contest the ground we will make them feel - That there is some virtue in cold steel; - We will give up our lives our country to save, - We will be freemen or fill bloody graves. - Give them no quarter--we ask for none-- - Shoot them down as fast as they come. - - -CONSERVATIVE SOLDIERS.--The conservative soldier usually possesses -nerve, pluck, humane feeling and a busy brain. He is cool and level -headed and is not thrown off his guard by any sudden changes in his -surrounding. He is generally a good citizen at home, has a sharp -lookout for the betterment of his home and people and carries with him -to the army the same conservatism that distinguishes him as a good -citizens at home. - - A quiet industrious citizen enjoying the comforts of home - Has no disposition a soldier to become, - Unless called upon by his country’s needs and demands, - For the protection of his home and his liberties to stand, - He then takes his place in line in a deliberate way - And not like a fanatic panting for the fray. - He leaves at home property and loved ones to face an invading foe, - Because his country commands him and duty requires him to go; - The best element of an army does not fight for plunder or fame, - Because such soldiers possess courage, nerve, heart and brain. - - - - -CHAPTER VIII. - -CITIZENS VISITING IN CAMP AND THE SICK SOLDIER. - - -THE SICK SOLDIER.--Exposure, irregular and unwholesome diet, constant -changing, uncomfortable lodgings and many other things caused soldiers -to contract diseases which often terminated in death. Notwithstanding -everything was done for the poor sick soldier that could be done under -the circumstances, he missed the affectionate attentions of loved ones -at home. On account of inadequate facilities to furnish the necessary -means the unfortunate victim was often neglected. - - -SURGEON’S CALL.--While in camp every morning at a certain hour -Surgeon’s call was announced by the beating of the drum. Sick soldiers -in camp who were able to walk were required to report to the doctor -for treatment and to be excused from duty. Such as were not too sick -remained in camp and were treated at their tents, and soldiers who -were very sick were sent to a hospital. Soldiers sick in camp generally -received scant sympathy and poor attention. A soldier though who was -known to be faithful in the discharge of duty if unfortunately became -sick was cared for by his friends. - -In every command there were soldiers who were experts in playing off -sick, and of course such were not respected. There was always some -one ready to ridicule the sick squad reporting. When the drums beat -sometimes a wag would cry out. “Come up dead” or “Come up and get your -Dovers powders or Camphor and Opium pills.” Soldiers really sick have -been known to throw away medicine given them and take their chances. - - -SIMPLE MINDED SICK SOLDIER.--In a certain regiment a simple minded -soldier who was really sick would slowly make his way to the doctor’s -tent and when asked “what is your trouble?” he would invariably give -the same answer, “The same old complaint, ‘Sumption.’” The doctor would -excuse him and he would return to his tent, lie down and suffer as much -with homesickness as with the disease itself. - -Many a poor soldier lost his life in camp, in a hospital, on the march -or on the battlefield, who would have rallied from a very slight -indisposition that developed into a fatal disease could he have been -transferred to his home. - - -DESPONDENT, SICK SOLDIER.--After serving in the army for about a year -a soldier was stricken down with a severe spell of sickness and sent -to a hospital to recuperate. Having a horror for hospital life he -plead earnestly with the physician in charge to recommend the issuing -of a furlough for him to return home. He was informed that he was too -weak and must wait until he got able to travel. The next day he told -the doctor that he was getting worse and weaker and plead with him -to allow him to go before the board to meet in a few minutes in the -hospital, but received no encouragement. A few minutes later a message -came summonsing some other sick soldiers in the same room to appear -before the board. He had about given up in despair when another message -came ordering him to report to the board at once. He obeyed the order -without delay, and had scarcely gotten inside of the door when the -chairman said, “Give him fifty days.” He returned home one beautiful -Sunday morning. A good mother saw him slowly approaching the house and -seeing his uniform, it occurred to her that the stranger was a soldier -and for the sake of her own boys in the field she would treat him as -well as she could. Being pale, weak, emaciated, reduced almost to a -skeleton and nearly exhausted, he with difficulty climbed up the steps -that lead up to the door. As soon as he got inside of the door his -mother and sister assisted him to a chair, thinking they were helping -some poor unfortunate soldier unknown to them. Finally they recognized -him but did not know whether to rejoice or weep for it looked very much -like his life was fast ebbing out. In a few weeks he was well again and -returned to the army. - - -VISITING.--Soldiers very much enjoyed a visit from friends at home, and -a visitor after getting in camp and located among the friends he was -especially visiting was regarded as guest of the soldiers and treated -with deference by all he chanced to meet. Soldiers were always ready -for some fun and any incident outside of the common broke the monotony -and gave them a change. Citizens with few exceptions after their first -experience enjoyed a joke even at their expense. If a citizen passed -through camp wearing a long tailed coat or plug hat, some one would -tauntingly cry out, “Come down out of that coat or come out of that -hat, I know you are in there I see your legs,” and the boys would -repeat until the poor fellow got through and of course the citizen felt -relieved when the boys quieted down. The boys meant no disrespect and -the citizens generally took it all good naturedly. - - -PORTLY GENTLEMAN.--At one time a portly gentleman passed through -camp and as soon as he came in sight a soldier cried out, “Here he -comes: and here he comes” was repeated along the line. Finally the old -gentleman chagrined, stopped, pulled off his hat and politely asked -the boys what he had done, they promptly told him that he had stolen -their big bass drum and swallowed it. The good natured old fellow -caught on to the joke and told the boys that their drum should be -returned and he was permitted to pass on enjoying the laugh as much as -any of them. - - -LADY VISITORS.--A lady visiting in the camp always had a refining -influence upon the soldiers who were pleased to have an opportunity to -treat such a visitor as an honored guest. The mere announcement that -lady visitors were expected would cause soldiers to get busy and police -the camp making everything around the tents look tidy and attractive. -The conduct and conversation of the soldiers were always improved by -visits of the ladies. Unfortunately though their visits were few and -far between times. There was in the valley of Virginia a beautiful -young lady who acted as a courier for some of the officers and was said -to sometimes pass through the lines where a man would not be allowed -to go, and to return bringing valuable information. She was a graceful -horseback rider and created a sensation when she rode along the lines. - - - - -CHAPTER IX. - -INCIDENTS OF CAMP AND PRISON LIFE. - - -SOLDIERS IN PRISON.--A soldier belonging to an army in war times -necessarily lives a strenuous life, and if unfortunately captured by -the enemy and has to be incarcerated in prison it makes life to the -average soldier almost unendurable. A soldier obliged to obey strictly -army rules and regulations enforced by officers fighting for the same -cause he is contending for surrenders seemingly about all of his -liberties, but when reduced to the humiliation of having a sentinel -standing over him all of the time to see that he does not violate -orders given by an enemy reduces him to the most abject slavery. Many -Northern and Southern soldiers were captured and placed in prison, -and a judicious and rapid system of exchange of prisoners would have -alleviated much suffering among these poor fellows. - - -EXCHANGE OF PRISONERS.--The Federal authorities perhaps were dilatory -in effecting exchanges because their captured men could be replaced -by others, and they had not only the Northern states but the world to -draw from, and knew the soldiers taken out of line in the Southern army -could not be replaced with others on account of the scarcity of men. - -It is said that everything is fair in war, but the peremptory demands -of war ought not to suppress every vestige of feeling of humanity. An -experience in prison however humiliating that experience may be, cannot -fail to convince anyone that implicit obedience to orders from the -powers that be is the only safeguard as a shelter or protection from -unreasonable punishment. - - -PUNISHMENT.--Severe punishment such as bucking and gagging, hanging -up by the thumbs, walking the beat carrying heavy loads, sometimes -whipping and even shooting, to the death practiced in the army and -prison almost invariably falls to the lot of a soldier who wilfully -disobeys known rules and regulations, but these punishments are -sometimes administered by tyrannical officers, puffed up with a little -brief authority, to gratify their own personal spites and prejudices. -Strict adherence to discipline will nearly always screen the victim -from such suffering. In prison officers may be exacting, but from their -arbitrary rulings there is really no appeal. - - -RATIONS.--Much complaint was made by soldiers in Southern prisons -about the scarcity and quality of rations, perhaps these complaints -in some instances were well founded, for the Southern soldier in camp -or on the march did not have an abundant supply. The same complaint -was made against the Northern prison and it was argued that the -Federal authorities had the means to provide more and had no moral -right to retaliate upon the South for a deficiency in prison that was -unavoidable. Many Southern soldiers in Northern prisons went to bed -of nights and could not sleep on account of being hungry. Prisoners -captured a short time before the surrender of Lee, soon heard of the -surrender, and of the assassination of Lincoln and were frightened by -a report circulated in the prison camp that Southern soldiers would -be kept as hostages and perhaps executed in retaliations for the -assassination of the president. The personal experience of soldiers -incarcerated in the prisons of the late war would make interesting -reading to coming generations but perhaps it is better to let this part -of the history pass into oblivion. Contending armies engaged in battle -would fight to the finish, damaging each other in every honorable way -they could even to extermination, but when a soldier surrendered and -became a prisoner he was treated courteously by his captors on either -side. A soldier that would offer an insult or indignity to a prisoner -was looked upon with contempt and his conduct regarded as cowardly by -his own comrades. - - -CAMP LIFE.--To undertake to portray the multiplicity of phases of -soldier life as exhibited in the Southern army would be a herculean -task from which the stoutest heart, best equipped mind and most -experienced hand would shrink. It is enough for one to record the -doings, transactions, incidents, and reflections drawn from historical -facts connected with the section and army, the one undertaking the -task was familiar with, on account of being present to witness much -that occurred, and in a position to gather items of information from -parties who were eye witnesses. Every day on the march, in camp, on -the battlefield or in prison was replete with thrilling, interesting, -ludicrous or pathetic scenes which were worthy of notice and ought to -be handed down to posterity in a more durable way than by tradition. -Duty, patriotism and an earnest desire to rescue from oblivion much -of the war history ought to appeal to the few old soldiers now living -whose passing from the stage of action must necessarily cut out forever -any chance of a correct history. The certainty that they will soon -be gone ought to be an incentive to induce each one to contribute -his part. An army like our Southern army presents to the mind of the -curious an inviting field for study and investigation. - -In camp the home life of the soldier is clearly delineated and by -associating in the camp soldiers learn more about each other than -anywhere else. - - -SOLDIER ON INSPECTION.--There was in camp a little scrawny fellow that -took the world easy when things went his way, but when he got wrong he -was very much wrong and was at war with everybody and seemed to think -that everybody’s hand was raised against him. He was a faithful, loyal -soldier and would have died rather than play off to screen himself from -a fight. He was always out of clothing, rations, money and everything -that a soldier needed and was out with everyone who would not divide -with him, but was liberal and honest and would pay his debts if it took -his last dollar. At pay day it usually took all he received to pay his -debts and then he was borrowing again. He paid very little attention -to cleanliness, consequently no one cared to tent or bunk with him and -he was often by himself although socially inclined. At such times he -would sing songs sometimes a little smutty and whistle popular airs. -He would say some very harsh things about officers and some of them -very much wished for a chance to get even with him. On one occasion -on inspection, the inspecting officer complained that his gun was not -properly cleaned and ordered him to his quarters, putting on him the -punishment of thirty minutes work cleaning his gun. He returned to his -quarters with the rest of the company, feeling resentful, and with an -oath slammed the gun to the ground, consigning it with the inspector -to a region supposed to be hot and heavily charged with the odor of -sulphur. He gloomily sulked for thirty minutes and in sheer desperation -picked up his gun and reported as ordered to the inspector, expecting -to be sent to the guard house, but was surprised when told by the -officer that his gun looked much better, admonishing him to hereafter -do as the others did and he would not have to do extra work on his gun -and pleasantly excused him. - - -RECRUIT ON GUARD.--On one occasion the officer of the guard around -camp was a young lieutenant who had a very exalted opinion of himself -and was glad of an opportunity to show his authority. One of the -guard was a recruit detailed for the first time to do guard duty. He -had fallen on the third relief and had lain down to rest until his -time came. Nothing unusual occurred the first two hours, but after the -second relief was posted the lieutenant made his rounds and returned -to the camp fire and had a big laugh with the old soldiers present. -He had taken the gun from a timid recruit, had the poor fellow badly -scared and boastingly said that he would take every recruits’ gun that -belonged to the guard. The third relief was placed and the recruit -stationed at his post, walked his beat and kept a sharp lookout, -especially for the lieutenant. Finally he heard the rattle of his -sword as he approached and when he got in challenging distance, said: -“Halt who comes there?” The lieutenant answered: “Friend with the -countersign.” The sentinel then said “Advance friend and give the -countersign.” The officer corrected him saying “Advance friend with -the countersign,” and was briskly walking right up to him. The recruit -quickly brought his gun to the position of charge bayonets, and again -demanded the countersign. He was then almost in bayonet reach, gave the -countersign and expecting to throw the sentinel off his guard, made -a movement as if to pass on but really intended to take his gun. The -sentinel made him pass around him at a distance not in bayonet reach -which he did without further parley. After he had passed he said, “If -you don’t mind you will get in the guard house.” The recruit replied -saying, “I know my duty,” but was getting some thrilling experience -while being initiated. - - -AN ECONOMICAL SOLDIER.--A quiet careful soldier for several days saved -of his rations scraps of beef and scrapings of flour until he collected -enough to make a beef pie which was regarded as a luxury in camp. - - The pie was nicely made and spicely cooked, - And the boys at it greedily looked; - The soldier happy with a broad grin - Commenced taking the rich pie in. - Near by in the crowd was a hungry boy looking about - As if he could breed a famine and starve it out; - He stood the test for a little while - Then stepped up to the soldier on his face a smile - Saying, “If you please I would like your pie to taste;” - “Help Yourself” said the soldier with very good grace. - For a second invitation he did not wait - But commenced eating pie at a rapid rate, - At last he suddenly quit eating and said with a sigh, - I guess I have taken enough of your pie. - “Have some more” said the soldier polite as could be; - The boy said, “Thank you, if you insist I will--it tastes good to me,” - The hungry boy hung on while others stood by - And saw the two together finish eating the pie. - - -A SOLDIER’S RETORT.--On the Maryland march on account of marching -for many consecutive days, soldiers were ragged, dirty and some of -them barefooted. An army in such a plight does not present a very -attractive appearance. In the column was a brave, faithful soldier -always ready to fight to the finish. He had just passed through a -series of battles and looked very much worsted, wearing old clothes -and limping on account of old shoes making his feet sore. The army was -marching through a town whose inhabitants were of very decided Union -proclivities. A crowd of pretty, well dressed ladies were conspicuously -standing on the sidewalk, indulging in cutting remarks, using such -expressions as rebel and traitor very freely. One of them pointed -out this uncouth looking soldier saying, “Look at that ragged, dirty -rebel.” He coolly retorted looking her in the eye saying, “Madam, we -always put on our old clothes when we go out to kill hogs.” His retort -was not very courteous, but it put a quietus on the use of any further -uncomplimentary remarks. The soldiers were usually treated very nicely -by the ladies, even when invading the enemy’s territory, and were in -turn as courteous as could be. - - -A BOISTEROUS SOLDIER.--In camp there was a boisterous fellow whose -early education and training had been very much neglected, and although -illiterate he was fully convinced that he was a man of considerable -importance. His quaint sayings and doings furnished no small amount -of amusement for the officers and men. He did not mean to exaggerate -but apparently looked at things through magnifying glasses. He was a -fearless, brave soldier and was never happier than when called upon -by an officer to perform some task. He did not hesitate to go or try -to go anywhere his commanders ordered or requested him to go. On one -occasion he was detailed as a picket to reconnoiter and ascertain some -points about the position and strength of the enemy’s forces. Under the -direction of the officer in command of the picket line, he with others -stealthily approached as near as possible to the enemy’s line to get -the desired information. In their eagerness they crossed the danger -line and were saluted with a volley of shot and shell and of course -were obliged to hastily retreat. The soldier came rushing back to camp -puffing and blowing, burdened with the weight of responsibility that -had been entrusted to him and hurried up to the colonel’s headquarters -to report the result of the investigation. The colonel listened to him -attentively while he excitedly gave his report and seriously asked his -opinion about the strength of the enemy’s force. With forceful gestures -and placing strong emphasis on his answer he replied: “About two -hundred thousand!” The colonel amused at his estimate of the enemy’s -strength, and his earnestness in reporting, respectfully thanked him -and excused him. The same soldier incensed at his brother, seventeen -years old, joining the army wished with an oath that the boy would -get killed in the very first engagement he got in. In a few days -the command got in a fight and the poor boy was killed. The wish was -thoughtlessly made and the soldier felt sorry for the fate of his -brother. One day glibly talking to the boys he pointed out a place on -his arm and expressed the wish that a minnie ball would strike him -there the next battle he got in and the bone would have to be resected -so he could get on the retired list. In the very next fight a minnie -ball struck the identical place pointed out and the bone had to be -resected. He could have been placed on the retired list, but preferred -to remain in service. - - -RECRUIT DETAILED.--Early one morning a recruit who had just been -enrolled, while he was at breakfast, was informed by the sergeant -that he was on guard for the day and told to report at once to the -colonel’s headquarters. Very much to the amusement of the old soldiers -he replied: “All right, wait till I eat a bite” and leisurely finished -his breakfast, prepared for duty and reported to headquarters without -realizing that he had subjected himself to the danger of being -disciplined for not at once reporting. - -It was very embarrassing to recruits especially when joining a command -already in the service. A recruit reporting for duty was dazed at the -array of stripes, bars, stars and wreaths, being assigned to a certain -regiment was asked if he had any reason to give for being assigned to -any special company, stammeringly replied that he had a second company -in cousin I. The boys laughed at his mistake, but the officers kindly -let him join the company of his choice. - - - - -CHAPTER X. - -PICKET LINES, BATTLES AND BATTLEFIELDS. - - -PICKET LINES. - - A soldier placed on the picket line - Has a responsible duty to him assigned; - To perform this duty with judgment and skill - Requires nerve, pluck, brain and deliberate will. - He protects the main army back in the rear, - And watches each movement with trembling and fear; - If the enemy makes a hostile move he does not run - But warns his friends in the rear by firing his gun. - Then the pickets exchange some hasty shots, - Fall back in line and things get hot. - - -PICKET OR SCOUT.--Different phases of soldier life have been partially -explained, but the elements that enter into the make up or the -varied experience of the successful sharpshooter or scout are beyond -description. Take the foremost soldier in the army whose energy, pluck -and daring deeds of valor have aided him in forging his way to the -front, then add all the nerve, fearlessness, disregard of danger, -determination to surmount all obstacles and you get only a faint idea -of the sturdy firm, intrepid picket or scout, looking not for trouble -but for adventure. History often records raids made by such dashing -leaders as Jackson, Stuart, Morgan or leaders of that character with -picked men. Such leaders select from different commands men who have -passed through firey ordeals and have been weighed in the balance and -found not wanting. With such soldiers wonderful victories have been -achieved that would have been failures with a different class of men. -The common soldier on the skirmish line however courageous he may be -finds himself facing a problem that calls into play some traits of the -soldier that he does not possess. The picket lines were often very -close together, sometimes on friendly terms and sometimes hostile to -each other. - - -ON THE PICKET LINE.--In the night time the lines have been near enough -to hear pickets in the opposite line talking in a low tone, but usually -the lines were further apart. A very slight demonstration on the picket -line sometimes precipitated a fight. The sentinels on the lines of -the two armies were at one time respectively walking their beats on -opposite sides of the Rapahannock river in plain view of each other. -A sentinel on post on one of the lines playfully pointed his gun at -the sentinel on post opposite him on the other side and was at once -shot at by the sentinel, who took the matter seriously. There was -something doing along the line for a little while but the situation -was soon understood, the excitement subsided and the sentinels resumed -their places, walking their beats but refrained from quite so much -familiarity. - - -EXCHANGE OF COURTESIES.--Sentinels on post on the picket lines -representing the opposing armies often exchanged courtesies and -greetings and on the sly met between the lines, exchanged daily papers, -swapped tobacco for coffee, had a pleasant chat with each other and -returned to their respective posts with the kindliest feelings. The -following lines demonstrate or illustrate the friendly feeling that -prevailed among the soldiers of the two opposing armies. - - “Good morning: Johnnie. Good morning Pat,” - Come across and we will have a social chat - We can be friendly loyal and true, - Although I wear the grey and you the blue. - I feel somewhat lonely walking my beat, - And to visit you would be quite a treat. - I will pledge my word upon the honor of a man - That I will come half way and treat you well as I can. - Your proposal seems very fair to me - Let us meet in the shade of that old oak tree. - The sentinels moved forward not in battle array, - But approached each other in a friendly way. - In consequence of the vigorous exercise walking their beats - They were much fatigued suffering with heat - Johnnie’s canteen was full of water cool as could be - Which he shared with Pat in the shade of the tree. - Pat smiling said it tastes like water from the lake - Away up North in Michigan State. - Then said in my canteen is some of the elixir of life - That will make us forget our sorrows and strife. - Will you not a little bit of it take - As Paul would say for your stomach sake, - Johnnie said thank you holding out an empty tin cup, - Which they filled with Southern water Northern sugar and other stuff, - Then of the mixture each one took a sup - Drinking out of the same tin cup, - It tasted pleasant and they repeated the dose - ’Till they both felt gay and very jocose. - Finally conversation in a confidential channel did run - They talked of their home life both anxious to return, - Pat said he had a wife and children at his home near the lake - That were anxiously looking for him wishing for the war to break. - Johnnie showed the picture of a sweet looking girl, - That he declared was the sweetest best girl in the world, - Saying she lives in a cottage among the hills in a North Carolina home. - And will be true to me until I return. - When this cruel war is over I will be by her side - And claim a fulfillment of her promise to be my bride, - They were talking confidentially in this beautiful strain, - Commenting on their loved ones again and again. - Suddenly they heard the report of a signal gun - And to their respective posts did quickly run. - After the signal gun fired in a very short time - There was brisk firing all along the picket line. - At these two posts firing was rapid and sharp, - But the aim was above or below the mark, - Finally the pickets were ordered to fall back, - The two waved hands saying, “Good-bye Johnnie, Good-bye Pat.” - - -FEARFUL EXPERIENCE.--During the time of the engagements in the -wilderness a soldier on the picket line one night had a fearful -experience. The lines were very close and the sentinels on post had -strict orders to walk their beats, keep a sharp lookout and let no -one approach or cross the line without giving the countersign. It was -very dark and the thick underbrush made the darkness more dense. The -officers making their rounds were embarrassed not knowing how soon they -might march into the enemy’s lines. The sentinel quietly walking his -beat heard a soldier approaching and soon as he came near enough in as -low a tone as possible challenged him and asked for the countersign. -The soldier approaching apparently like the soldier on post was -uncertain whether he was in the presence of a friend or an enemy. In -an evasive way they made inquiries with a view of ascertaining each -others identity. Each one was afraid to fire on the other fearing -he would be firing on a friend instead of an enemy, knowing too that -the least disturbance would precipitate a movement of both armies and -perhaps cause a battle which in the darkness would have been horrible -to contemplate. Without understanding their true relationship to each -other, they simultaneously turned and walked in opposite directions and -to this day the soldier does not know whether he challenged a friend or -a foe. - - -BURNED BODIES OF THE DEAD.--To augment the horrors of the Wilderness -battles a fire broke out immediately following the retreat of the enemy -in an engagement and swept over the battlefield before the dead could -be moved. The picket line reconnoitering moving forward to discover -the position taken by the retreating army was obliged to run over the -crisp burned bodies of Yankee soldiers lying dead on the field. It was -an awful sight illustrating the horrors of war. The soldiers on the -picket line in consequence of the heat, smoke and stench were very -nearly overcome and were driven to the extreme necessity of drinking -the turbid waters of a ditch where dead bodies of Yankee soldiers were -lying very close. - - -TEST OF VALOR.--On the skirmish line was the place to test the real -powers of the soldier. In the Southern army were plain unassuming men, -without reward or the hope of reward, or even realizing that they -were doing anything extraordinary, that performed deeds of daring that -stamped them as heroes of the highest type. - - -ESCAPE OF THE ENEMY.--Near the close of the war an inducement was -offered by the Yankees to dissatisfied Southern soldiers to pass -through the lines, and occasionally a sentinel would leave his post -and with his gun and equipments make a dash for the lines on the other -side. As he approached the picket post on the other side the Yankee -sentinel would call out, “Come in Johnnie.” A few soldiers escaped -sometimes under the fire of sentinels at contiguous posts. While a few -citizens and soldiers crossed over the line but few joined the Northern -army. - - -WELCOME PEACE.--Soldiers on both sides were tired of war and welcomed -the treaty of peace, and were glad to return to their homes and again -engage in the quiet peaceful pursuits of life. - - Four years of exposure suffering and strife - Ruined many a home and many a life, - At the end of the war many soldiers brave - Were peacefully sleeping in heroes graves. - - -ON THE WARPATH.--The campaigns of the civil war were generally -vigorously prosecuted in warm weather. In the good old Summer time -soldiers slept on blankets thrown on the ground with nothing but the -canopy of heaven as a covering, and then if they received marching -orders the boys had nothing to do but to take up their beds and walk at -quick step or if in case of urgent necessity at double quick time. - -Often while sweetly sleeping not disturbed by the fear of Yankees -or anything else, the drum would beat and soldiers would be aroused -from sleep and then there would be something doing, and very soon the -command would be moving. - - Though densely dark with no moon or star light, - The Southern boys were always ready for fight; - Although the Yankees did their methods despise, - They pounced upon them and took them by surprise. - - -UNRELIABLE SOLDIERS.--On the warpath the artful skulker did clever -maneuvering worthy of a better cause to sustain his position that for -plausible reasons he ought to be an immune and not required to join at -the critical time when the battle was on. - - Soldiers destitute of principle, morals or brain - Upon the fair name of an army cast a stain. - An army made up of figureheads, thugs and bums, - To an intelligent force is obliged to succumb, - -Fortunately the Southern army did not have many of this class, and the -few placed as they were among soldiers disposed to do their duty, were -obliged to take their places in line. - - -MUSIC IN BATTLE.--Before the beginning of hostilities the average -citizens were under the impression that soldiers marched into battle -to the tune of martial music and to cheer them on the drums would beat -and the bands play, but soldiers’ first experience convinced them that -a very different kind of music prevailed. It was the terrific sound of -bursting shells, the hateful, hissing, singing of minnie balls, mingled -with commands of officers occasionally heard above the din, and the -screams and groans of wounded and dying soldiers crying for help and -calling for water to quench their burning thirst. - -Instead of selecting a certain soldier in the enemy’s line as a target -to shoot at, a soldier merely leveled his gun and fired at the line of -battle of the enemy, dimly seen through the smoke and dust, then loaded -his gun with another cartridge and repeated. In a hotly contested fight -soldiers often shot fifty rounds of cartridges and their guns got so -hot that they could scarcely grasp them with their hands. - - -BATTLES.--A succession of battles is by no means a monotonous -repetition. Each battle has its peculiar phases. A battle is often -an exhibition of the artistic skill of officers in arranging and -maneuvering, and of men carefully executing, and may be a trial of -physical endurance and the well trained handling of the weapons of -warfare used. In any event a battle is a spectacular scene imposing and -grand. - -Opposing armies, on the warpath, require but little provocation to -induce them to get up a rumpus. Battles are by no means precipitated -in a uniform cut and dried way, but are brought about in as many ways -as there are battles fought. A single shot fired by a picket from his -post may cause the picket lines to exchange shots and fall back, and -the commands represented by them to settle the disturbance by engaging -in a battle. Cavalrymen sometimes make a raid and start a fight into -which the entire armies are drawn. Cannonading is a very common way -to start a fight. Sometimes a command is surprised by a detachment -from the opposite army and a battle ensues, and sometimes the armies -come together apparently without any preconcerted plan on either side, -simultaneously line up and get busy, with their work of carnage. - -On the battlefield soldier life is delineated in its most revolting -phase. Two contending armies present a spectacle grand and awful to -contemplate. The surging masses of human beings intent on each others -destruction with the death dealing artillery with its terrific roar -and the more destructive missiles of small armies with their hateful -hissing sounds, together with the deafening cheers of the moving -armies, and the heartrending screams and moans of the wounded and dying -make the scene agonizing to the extreme. Two contending armies engaged -in battle present to the eye of the beholder an indescribable panorama. - - Two contending: armies aligned for a fight - Present to the eye an imposing-sight, - - When the pickets begin to exchange their shots, - The battle is on and soon gets hot. - - With terrific noise of destructive shells - And hissing minnie balls and soldiers’ yells, - - Such noise and confusion make a stunning din, - And in the smoke of battle there is a contest to win - - The lines firm and steady throughout their length, - With stubborn persistence measure their strength. - - Officers and men artful tactics display - Until one of the lines is forced to give way, - - Charge after charge, Greek meets Greek, - The two contending armies in deadly strife meet. - - The powers of the soldier both sides feel - As they force their way with steel against steel, - - Or perchance one line or the other overpowered gives way, - And the contest is ended, the victors win the day. - - The vanquished sometimes eager to be freed - Run for their lives in a disgraceful stampede. - - -BATTLE FIELDS.--Nature in some places has provided spots of ground -that answer the purpose of belligerent armies where one line has the -advantage of protection or shelter from the onslaughts of the other. -Where grounds have been selected not affording safe protection against -the invading force, soldiers are subjected to hard work throwing up -breastworks, digging intrenchments or placing abatis to entangle -the advancing army so as to detain it and shoot down the soldiers -while extricating themselves from the entanglement. Every device or -subterfuge that the fertile brain or imagination of man can discover -or invent is called into requisition to give an advantage considered -honorable in war. Sometimes though contending armies meet in open field -in plain view of each other and fight to the finish and retire from the -field leaving there a harrowing scene of suffering and destruction. -Sometimes soldiers engage in hand to hand encounters, display physical -force, power of endurance, and their expertness in handling the weapons -of warfare, sustained by indomitable courage and stubborn willpower. - - -AFTER THE BATTLE.--The heat and excitement of the battle having -subsided and the smoke cleared away, the battlefield presents a -harrowing scene that beggars description. The grim monster death -having done its terrible work leaves its impress on the faces of its -unfortunate victims. Passion, determination and conflicting emotions -plainly stamped on the faces of the victims now wrapt in the cold -embrace of death. - - After the battle is over a survey of the field - Will melt a heart as hard as steel; - - The wounded with heartrending screams and moans - And pitiful calls for loved ones at home, - - Appeal to the sympathies causing one to grieve, - On account of being powerless the victims to relieve, - - A quiet look at the faces of the dead - Fills ones soul with horror and dread. - - - - -CHAPTER XI. - -FOURTEENTH REGIMENT NORTH CAROLINA INFANTRY AND GENERAL OFFICERS OF THE -ARMY OF NORTHERN VA. - - -FOURTEENTH N. C. REGIMENT.-- - - The beginning of the war was to some a surprise, - But the old Fourteenth at once organized; - - The regiment marched to the front along with the first. - And was on the front line when shells began to burst. - - It was composed of ten companies of stalwart men, - Who were determined with the enemy to contend; - - At Seven Pines and battles below Richmond to Malvern Hill, - The regiment fought with a determined will, - - Many of the men gallant and brave - On these battle fields filled bloody graves, - - Receiving recruits the regiment again took a start, - Displaying courage and endurance on the Maryland march, - - Near Sharpsburg the regiment was in an old road aligned, - And fought the Yankees advancing in three lines; - - The boys were conspicuous at the Wilderness, Chancellorsville and Mine Run - And at Spotsylvania and Gettysburg handled their guns, - - In the thickest of the fight the regiment would be, - Fought to the finish and surrendered with Lee, - -While not pretending to write the history of any special command, the -writer belonged to Co. B. 14th Regiment N. C. Infantry which accounts -for a casual reference to the regiment in these sketches. The regiment -was composed of the following companies--all North Carolinians: - - Company A, Halifax County - ” B, Davidson ” - ” C, Anson ” - ” D, Cleveland ” - ” E, Wake ” - ” F, Buncombe ” - ” G, Rockingham ” - ” H, Stanley ” - ” I, Davidson ” - ” K, Wake ” - - -COMPANY OFFICERS.--Company B, of which I was a member was made up at -Thomasville and the immediate surrounding country. The company was -at first commanded by Capt. Miller, but when the company reorganized -J. H. Lambeth was elected captain, S. Hepler first lieutenant, C. -P. Jones second lieutenant and Alex Leach third lieutenant. Captain -Lambeth was promoted to the position of major and served in that -capacity, until the close of the war. Lieutenant Hepler was wounded -at Sharpsburg, lost an arm and was not with the company very much -afterward. To fill a vacancy M. H. Cross was elected lieutenant. -Lieutenant Jones was killed in battle, Lieutenant Leach’s health failed -in consequence of which he was absent a great deal of the time and -the command of the company devolved upon Lieutenant Cross. Neither -of the lieutenants were promoted to the captaincy. The regiment was -at first commanded by Colonel Daniel, Lieutenant Colonel Lovejoy, -Major Faison and Adjutant Seaton Gales. When the regiment reorganized -Roberts was elected colonel, Bennett lieutenant colonel, Dixon major, -and Marshall adjutant. Roberts and Dixon died and Bennett became -colonel. Johnson lieutenant colonel and J. H. Lambeth major. Rev. -Powers was chaplain all the time. The 2nd, 4th, 14th, 30th and 1st and -3rd consolidated--all N. C. regiments composed a brigade commanded -by Pemberton, Colston, Anderson, Ramseur and Cox consecutively. The -brigade belonged to a Division, commanded by D. H. Hill, Rodes and -Grimes consecutively. The regiment served through the war and was under -the invincible Jackson until his death and was proud of the distinction -of being in an army commanded by the immortal Lee. - - -UNIQUE CHARACTERS.--In every command there are unique characters, -and the Fourteenth was by no means an exception to the general rule, -for in the regiment were members noted for varied peculiarities or -eccentricities. Surviving soldiers of the regiment will pleasantly -remember Webb of Co. A and Crow of Co. K, Charlie Hall of Co. B and Lee -of Co. G. - -There were two great big fellows in the regiment that did not look -hungry but a double daily ration had no charms for them. Their names -were Sergeant Rawly of Co. G and Lieutenant Mitchell of Co. E. - - -A BRAVE SOLDIER.--At South Mountain the regiment was exposed to a -shower of minnie balls, and was located at the foot of a hill in a -thicket of sprouts, weeds and briers. A call was made for a volunteer -to carry a message through the thick underbrush. In Co. B was an -obscure soldier named Morgan considered a kind of a go easy good for -nothing kind of a fellow, although barefooted he at once responded and -stepped to the front to perform the task without considering it to be -a perilous brave undertaking. He was sustained by nerve and pluck that -stamped him as a brave man worthy of admiration. - - -COLOR BEARER.--Bennett Russell color bearer of the regiment, who -carried the colors in many hard fought battles, though not a -commissioned officer deserves honorable mention. Although illiterate, -unassuming in manners, plain and not preposessing in appearance. - - He was noble, generous and brave, - And imperiled his life his country to save. - - -AMUSING SCENES.--The wit or humorist was there to contribute his -enlivening influence to vary the sometimes sombre or gloomy conditions -existing in the camp. Sometimes ludicrous incidents would occur to -excite laughter and amusement even when danger was threateningly near. -Imagine soldiers running for life to keep from being captured and -thinking themselves out of danger, swearing that they would not move -another inch if the entire Yankee army pounced down upon them, and a -few shells burst throwing dirt upon them and hissing singing minnie -balls like swarms of bees humming uncomfortably near them, then think -how soon they forget their decided resolution to discontinue running, -start again and fairly burn the wind until again out of harms way. To -one looking on, it is amusing to see the movements and afterwards to -hear their quaint sayings. To the participants it is anything else but -funny, but after it is all over they laugh about it and joke and jeer -each other unmercifully. - -In the campaign in the valley the Rebels ran the Yankees many a time, -and occasionally their speed was very much accelerated by their being -in front and the Yankees keeping up close in the rear, and treating -them to volleys of shot and shell. - - -ON THE CAMPAIGN.--The regiment was conspicuous in the battles of -Williamsburg, Seven Pines, through the battles below Richmond to -Malvern Hill. After coming out of this strenuous campaign the regiment -very much worsted by exposure, disease and loss of killed, wounded and -missing in battle went into camp near Richmond and rested awhile. Many -of its gallant officers and men had fallen to rise no more, and others -were sick or wounded in the hospitals or at home on furlough. Recruits -came to take the places of the absent ones, and very soon the regiment -with the command started on the famous march to Maryland. The regiment -passed through the battlefield of the second Manassas fight and a -gruesome, sickening sight presented itself. - - -DISTRESSING SCENES.--Dead bodies of Yankee soldiers were strewn thickly -over the field, that in the hasty retreat of the Yankee army and -pursuit of the Southern forces, were left unburied on the field. The -boys endured exposures and hardships galore and many of them had to -succumb. It was necessary to enforce rigid discipline which under the -circumstances was a difficult matter. Many hardships had to be endured -that were apparently unfair and uncalled for but the demands of war -are imperative and must be submitted to. Soldiers in the ranks and -officers in command were compelled to witness distressing scenes, and -were powerless to render assistance to the suffering and dying. On the -march soldiers exhausted fell out of ranks sometimes when there were -no facilities to provide for them, were obliged to take their chances -and often lost their lives for want of attention. On the battlefield -the surging masses intent on the destruction of each other had no -time to give to personal friends however near and dear they might be. -Distressing scenes were witnessed and assistance given when possible to -do so. Sometimes near friends or even brothers were shot down in battle -and the demands so urgent to move forward that the poor dying comrade -had to die without being permitted to listen to the voice of a friend -to comfort him while passing to the unknown land. On two occasions -the Fourteenth was called out to witness the execution of some poor -soldiers belonging to the army pay the penalty of desertion. It is -heartrending to see a comrade shot down in the heat of battle, but it -is a more distressing scene to see a soldier shot at the stake. - - -BATTLES ENGAGED IN.--At Sharpsburg the regiment was aligned in an old -road near the village and fought the Yankees advancing in three lines -of battle. The regiment was cut to pieces and many were killed, wounded -or missing. The regiment also figured conspicuously in the battles of -Gettysburg, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Wilderness, Hatchers Run, -Winchester, Mine Run, Cedar Creek and many other battles and skirmishes -down to the surrender at Apomattox. - - -VICTORY AND DEFEAT.--At Cedar Creek the Fourteenth in one day -experienced the exultation of victory and the humiliation of defeat. -The following lines give a partial description of the exciting -transactions of the day: - - Just after dark an order came - To fall in line and answer to our names; - - An order then came to move without delay, - And very soon we were marching on the way. - - Around the hill our line was strung, - There was no blowing of the fife or beating of the drum, - - An order in a whisper came down the line - That no one must talk even in a whisper at any time. - - We marched all night with scarcely a stop - So still we could have heard a pencil drop; - - We were marching on to a certain doom, - Destined to engage in a battle very soon. - - Far to the right we heard the report of a signal gun - And to the left the report of another one, - - In front we saw the flash and heard the report of a gun, - And was ordered to move forward in a run. - - Forward double quick march was the cry, - And the surprised Yankees did swiftly fly; - - They were in their tents their breakfasts cooking - And were by no means for the Rebels looking; - - They left meat and vegetables cooking in the pot - And cans of coffee smoking hot. - - When they heard the familiar Rebel Yell - There was not one left the tale to tell; - - We captured wagon trains, ammunition and men, - Drove prisoners to the rear and put them in a pen, - - It was fun to see the Yankees run, - And we hurried them on by firing our guns. - - We emptied our cartridge boxes of fifty rounds; - The continued firing made the hills resound, - - We ran the Yankees down and pulled them in, - And the way we captured prisoners was a sin, - - It is said it is a long lane that has no turning, - And we finally got to the end of our journey, - - The enemy was reenforced by another command, - Then we turned and run and raised the sand. - - For five long miles under shot and shell - For real swift running we made it tell, - - Finally the sun went down and darkness came - And the Yankees ceased their fiery flame. - - The armies scattered, ran to and fro, - Not knowing how or where to go, - - The enemy halted in the darkness of the night - And our scattered forces continued the flight. - - In our hasty retreat we lost in our flight - All we had gained in the morning fight. - - The surprise was successful and our victory complete, - If we had been able the prisoners guns and wagon trains to keep. - - Fortunes are made and lost in a day, - And battles sometimes won and lost in the same time and way. - - After the battle was over we had cause to weep, - And regretted meeting the enemy at Cedar Creek. - - -DECISIVE BATTLE.--At Gettysburg perhaps a battle which was the turning -point of the war, the elements seemed to be a lurid flame of fire, so -desperate was the conflict and so hot and appalling the work of death -and destruction. The machinery of warfare seemed to be turned loose -and its operators proud of the distinction of handling it in such an -effective manner, enabling it to do its deadly work. - - -THE ENEMY SURPRISED.--One sultry morning marching orders were received -and the Fourteenth in column with other portions of the command, for -hours marched at quicktime, and sometimes double-quicking. Men overcome -with heat fainted by the wayside, but positive orders to continue -the march were rigidly enforced. Late in the evening the enemy was -surprised and attacked in the rear and a fight ensued beginning the -Chancellorsville engagements. - - -BATTLE AT CHANCELLORSVILLE.--After dark Jackson and his staff rode -through a piece of woods and was fired upon by his own men, obeying -his own orders, receiving a wound which was the indirect cause of -his death. The soldiers in the regiment distinctly heard the volley -that caused the death of their loved commander. It is said that Lee -seriously remarked upon the death of Jackson that it was a loss of his -right arm. When the fatal shot was fired and Jackson received the death -blow, the hopes of the Confederacy began to wane. General Stewart was -put in command in Jackson’s place and the next day a hotly contested -battle was fought. After being engaged in the battle several hours we -were relieved and orderly falling back. The general came along and -thinking there was a stampede ordered the forces back to the front. -Col. Bennett said to him, “Gen. Stewart we have been relieved by the -Stonewall brigade” adding “I have the most gallant regiment in the -field.” The general then said, “I beg ten thousand pardons” and moved -on leaving the impression on the minds of the soldiers that he was a -chivalrous brave commander. After we had gotten to the foot of the hill -Gen. Ramseur undertook to congratulate the men but was so overcome -with emotion that he said he could not talk. Col. Bennett came to the -rescue saying “I can talk” and in a stentorian tone began to praise the -men. He was cheered to the echo and the surrounding hills and valleys -resounded with the Rebel Yell. - - -AT APOMATTOX.--The gallant Fourteenth was a fighting regiment and -fought to the finish. At Apomattox though it did not retain the -appearance of its former glory. But few of the tried and true were left -to see for the last time the immortal Lee and with tears in their eyes -hear his farewell address. The regiment broke ranks and turned their -faces southward glad to return to their homes and loved ones, but sad -at the thought of the humiliation of defeat and uncertain about how -they would be treated by their conquerors. - - -GENERAL OFFICERS.--The short sketch of the few officers of the army of -Northern Virginia who were distinguished for their generalship, heroism -and bravery could be continued by the addition of other names equally -as brave and equally as famous. Scores of them who wore the stars or -bars did many acts of daring and gained many victories by their good -judgment, cool and deliberate maneuvering, but we must not forget the -rank and file for upon the private soldiers the heavy burden fell, and -they usually responded in a manner entirely satisfactory. Honor is due -to the brave men in the ranks who were prompted by duty alone and who -fought so gallantly without reward or the hope of reward. - - -GENERAL COX was a young man and as an officer presented a fine -appearance, dressed up to date and one not familiar with his ways -would come to the conclusion that he was vain or selfconceited, but -seeing him in the performance of duty in his every day soldier life -would dispel any such illusion. He set an example of neatness, and his -military bearing was not put on but natural. His nature and disposition -were generous, and he looked after the welfare of the men under him and -was not tyrannical in his discipline. When the time came for action -he did not think of soiling his clothes but entered into the thickest -of the fight and unwaveringly stayed with his command and fought to -the finish. He survived the war and has figured conspicuously in the -management of affairs to perpetuate good government and the enforcement -of the law as a just judge on the bench. - - -GENERAL GRIMES by the casual observer, would not have been selected -from a crowd of officers as a man of extraordinary ability or above the -average as a military commander. Though plain and unassuming he was -a soldier of fighting proclivities and his shrill, clear, fine voice -heard above the din common in the beginning of an engagement was an -inspiration to his men. He was the hero of many battles and lived to -witness the closing scenes of the war and near his home was the victim -of assassination from ambush by parties lying concealed waiting for him. - - -GENERAL RAMSUER was impetuous, impatient, aggressive and by some -regarded as foolhardy. If fighting was going on he was not satisfied -if he was not permitted to take a hand. He has been known to ride -between our own and the enemy’s picket lines apparently insensible of -danger, and at a time too when a fight was momentarily expected. He was -known and acknowledged as a fighter and his men followed him without -questioning the expediency of his movements. He was tender-hearted to -the extreme and in the presence of his men has been seen to break down -and weep like a child, verifying the old adage that “The brave are -tender-hearted.” - - -GENERAL RODES was an officer having a commanding appearance. Decision -of character was plainly depicted upon his countenance. It is often -said that a man’s face is an index to his character. The casual -observer looking into the face of the general could not fail to see -stamped there a plain indication of a generous disposition. His cordial -and lovable disposition drew men to him, and his deportment in battle -stamped him as a fearless brave soldier. Cool and collected as he was -in battle, in the engagement in which he was killed just before he -was slain he seemed to be excited as if he had a premonition of his -impending doom, but his sun set in a halo of glory and his name will go -down in history as a hero. - - -GENERAL D. H. HILL, was a brave commander, had a tender regard for -the welfare of his men and being of a humane disposition looked after -minor details that the most of officers of his rank left entirely to -subordinates. At one time on a march he discovered that many of the -men were barefooted and their feet sore--some of them bleeding. He was -powerless to furnish shoes and issued an order for the soldiers to make -shoes out of rawhides. The order was given with a view of ameliorating -the condition of the men and really did to some extent, but was not -received by the men in the same spirit it was given and they in -ridicule named him “Rawhide.” He was held in high esteem by his men, -and they admired his fighting qualities. In battle he was firm as an -unshaken rock, and the boys said that not a muscle would quiver even -when shells were bursting around him and bullets were cutting close. - - -GENERAL A. P. HILL was a peer of the bravest and most successful -general officers of his rank who were co-workers with him in the -army of Northern Virginia. He commanded with judgment; maneuvered -and executed with skill and proved himself worthy of the position he -occupied. In the hour of danger he did not waver and in the heat of -battle stood firmly with his men. - - -GENERAL EWELL was a little, scrawny, weakly looking fellow but a -fighter with a reputation. He succeeded Jackson in command and while -he did not claim to be his equal. The mantle of the famous general -fell upon a worthy one, who did not degrade but kept the command -up to a respectable standard. In an engagement when perhaps many a -commanding officer would have been far enough to the rear to have -protected himself, he was wounded and in consequence of the wound had -to submit to an operation and had his leg amputated, but did not make -his misfortune an excuse to retire from service, but remained with his -command and fought to the finish. - - -GENERAL EARLY was regarded as rather eccentric, and acquired a -reputation for gaining many battles and losing out in the end. After -bagging his game he seemed not to have the ability to retain it. On one -occasion after driving the Yankees unceremoniously from their position -he passed along and familiarly said to the soldiers, “Boys you walloped -it to ’em this time.” For many weeks he kept his command on the run -either in hot pursuit of the Yankees or running in a stampede from -them. He kept the Yankees in constant dread and did some very effective -work as a commanding officer. - - -GENERAL STUART was a dashy cavalry general and when he went on the -warpath there was something doing. He with other cavalry officers, such -as Hampton, Mosby, Imboden and others terrorized the Yankees and often -made them hit the grit and burn the wind to get out of the way. The -cavalry force under his leadership very materially assisted the main -army in successfully carrying out its plans on the campaign. General -Stuart took Jackson’s place at Chancellorsville, and successfully -prosecuted the engagement that occurred the day after Jackson’s -unfortunate adventure while riding along the lines, resulting in his -serious wound that disabled him and finally caused his death. He was a -fine looking man and a gallant commanding officer and lost his life in -a cavalry engagement at the Yellow Tavern. - - -GENERAL LONGSTREET held a high position among the officers of the -army, and in its counsels his fine military mind exerted an influence -towards shaping aggressive campaigns. His command did some hard and -effective fighting. Wherever the tramp of the soldiers in his corps was -heard, Southern soldiers were encouraged and the Federal troops terror -stricken. The Yankees learned of his name and fame and feared him -accordingly. - - -GENERAL BRECKENRIDGE was tall symmetrical and impressed one in his -presence with his attractive personality. He belonged to a leading -Kentucky family and was in the war prompted by a sense of duty and -loyalty to his country. He was a leading factor in the counsels of the -officers in shaping the character of the military movements. - - -GENERAL GORDON was a fair type of the Southern gentleman, and his -very appearance indicated soldier qualities of a high order. He was -an educated man and his literary attainments gave him prominence in -the counsels of war held by the general officers. In prosecuting -military movements he called into requisition his fine military talent, -experience, good judgment and discretion. After the war he became -distinguished for his eloquence and became a fine platform lecturer. - - -GENERAL WHEELER, better known as fighting Jo Wheeler, a good portion -of the time had his headquarters in his saddle, and his command was -expert horseback riders. With his boys he was in his proper element -when chastising the Yankees. It was said that he slipped upon their -blind side and it seemed that all sides were blind for he was liable to -attack them from any point of the compass, and his raids were a great -help to the main army. His command returning home after the surrender -was followed by a gang of looters that stole horses and committed other -depredations claiming to be Wheeler’s men. General Wheeler figured -conspicuously in the Spanish-Cuban war retaining in his old age his -fire and courage as a soldier. - - -GENERAL JACKSON was a military chieftain whose equal in his special -line or plan of conducting a campaign could not be found in the army. -He never tried to evade a battle when it was in the interest of the -cause he represented to fight, but by his dashing movements often -accomplished by strategy victories that could not have been achieved -in battle. He was loved by officers and men in his command, and they -placed implicit confidence in him. His name and presence cheered them -on to deeds of valor, and the mere rumor in the camp of the enemy that -Jackson was coming made officers and soldiers tremble in their boots. -They feared him as a foe, but respected him for his clever management, -and admired him for his heroism and wonderful achievements. - - The name of the illustrious Jackson should have a place - In the history of heroes on the brightest page, - He was a born commander and leader of men, - A terror to his enemies--a beacon light to his friends. - On the march or in battle he moved without fear - Of the world’s greatest generals he was a peer; - His artful maneuvering and quick movements did save - The live of many a soldier brave. - Passing down the line soldiers always could tell - That Jackson was coming by the Rebel yell; - His name and heroism gave hope to the Nation, - And his presence among the soldiers caused an ovation, - When the fatal shot was fired that struck the hero down, - The cause of Southern independence waned and gloom did abound; - The sad news of his wound gave to Lee alarm, - And he mournfully said, I have lost my right arm. - - -GENERAL ROBERT E. LEE, commander of the army of Northern Virginia, -was in many respects superior to any military chieftain the world has -ever produced. He was a patriot, statesman, scholar, military hero -and consecrated christian gentleman. On one occasion a portion of the -Southern army was facing the enemy in full view of the line of battle. -Dark threatening clouds were near and pelting hailstones and fleaks of -snow were beginning to fall. The soldiers were shivering with cold, -obeying orders issued not to move from their position or build any -fires. The general in a soft tender voice so characteristic of the man -ordered the officers to allow the soldiers to build temporary shelters -with pine brush to shelter them from the hail and snow and to build -fires. In a very short time they were protected from the storm and -fairly comfortable by the blazing fire prepared. He lead the grand -army to victory in battles, and when at last overpowered by superior -numbers he was obliged to surrender, he went down not in disgrace but -glorious in defeat, and when history gives a true record comparing him -with the greatest of military heroes his name will be emblazoned on the -brightest page outshining them all. - - In our country’s broad arena no generation ever will see - A military chieftain--an equal of the immortal Lee; - He could have commanded armies backed by wealth and display, - And have been recognized as the greatest general of the day. - While over that army the Stars and Stripes waved - He could have commanded soldiers gallant and brave, - But he sacrificed wealth, position and fame, - And to the rescue of his native home gallantly came. - In victory he was magnanimous heroic and great, - But his luster shined more brilliantly in defeat. - Among the world’s greatest generals he stands at the head, - The greatest military chieftain living or dead. - When his sun went down there was sorrow and gloom - Among the inmates of every Southern home; - He commanded an army of soldiers without a peer - And to every Southern soldier his memory is dear. - - -RECAPITULATION.--The short sketch of the general officers named closes -the Reminiscences of the war period. There may be some discrepancies -and possibly some errors as everything noticed is quoted from memory, -and a lapse of more than forty years ought to be accepted as a valid -excuse for any mistakes. The narrative is claimed to be true, and the -object of the writer has been to deal fairly and impartially with all -classes referred to. - - These general officers leaders in their time, - With gallant subordinates all along the line, - - Commanded an army that was complete, - Glorious in victory and defeat. - - The world never saw and there never will be - An army to equal the one commanded by Jackson and Lee, - - Soldiers in the ranks from the best families came, - And fought for their country and not for a name; - - At home they left property, mothers, sisters, sweethearts and wives - To protect these treasures they imperiled their lives - - The Union was preserved not alone by Union men, - But by Aliens that came across the cause to defend, - - The Stars and Bars folded trailed in the dust, - And the Stars and Stripes waved as it waved at first. - - The Southern army overpowered in the struggle lost out, - But left to Southern people an inheritance of which they are proud. - - Now all sections of our country fight under one flag, - And when the Southern boy is called for he does not lag. - - We love our country no less than before, - But fight for it because we love the Sunny South more. - - - - -CHAPTER XII. - -RECONSTRUCTION PERIOD. - - -SURRENDER OF LEE.--On the ninth day of April 1865 at Apomattox Virginia -General Lee surrendered to General Grant, after four years struggle -in perhaps the most awful war of modern times. Only a remnant of the -once powerful and vigorous army was left to share in the humiliation. -A large proportion of the gallant soldiers of the army over which the -immortal Lee was the commander had fallen to rise no more, and the few -remaining were broken down by the continued hardships of the four years -struggle. Being overpowered they humbly submitted to the inevitable and -in good faith accepted the terms given by their conquerors and returned -to their homes, thousands of which were broken up, and thousands more -in mourning for loved ones who had perished in the war. - - -RIGHT TO SECEDE.--The question as to whether a State had a right to -secede from the General Government could not be settled by arbitration -or legislation, and had been submitted to the arbitrament of the sword -and decided in the negative. The Federal government through its civil -representatives and military hosts claimed and proclaimed a State had -no right to secede. An overwhelming majority of the people north of -Mason and Dixon’s line embraced this theory. Southern people embraced -the opinion that States had the inalienable right to rebel against the -government, if the rights vouchsafed to said states by the constitution -were infringed upon. After four years of civil war unparalleled for -its severity and extent of loss of life and property, the issue was -settled in favor of the Northern idea, and Southern soldiers accepted -their parole, took the oath of allegiance to the government of the -United States in good faith, and returned home to take up life again as -peaceable, loyal citizens. - - -SHERMAN’S MARCH TO THE SEA.--A few days previous and subsequent to -the surrender of Lee, Johnson with his army was retreating towards -North Carolina, with Sherman in hot pursuit, on his famous march to -the sea. General Sherman, talented, as he was, holding a key to the -situation, must have known that the end of the so called rebellion was -near at hand, but leading his Vandal hosts with pine torch in hand, -careless with fire, seemed to take a fiendish pleasure listening to -the crackling conflagrations and witnessing the lurid sheets of flame -as it swallowed up barns full of feed and stock and palaces, cottages -and all kinds of residences with the accumulation of the lifetime of -the occupants, and the inmates themselves, helpless women and children -driven out of doors, groping their way through the dense smoke and -darkness, hurried on with agonizing fear and dread of personal harm -that was terrible beyond description. A man of intelligence raised in -a land of Bibles under christian influence that could gloat over such -orgies is more in need of missionary influence than the inhabitants of -Greenland’s icy mountain or India’s coral strand. - - -HOME COMING OF SOLDIERS.--For several weeks after the surrender of -Lee and Johnson, the soldiers continued to return to their homes and -returning divested themselves of their army clothes worn, dirty and -sometimes infested with vermin sad reminders of camp and prison life. -The old clothes were burned and the soldiers dressed in citizens -clothes that had been laid aside four years before, or in new clothes -that thoughtful mothers, sisters or wives had prepared in anticipation -of their home coming. The soldiers were welcomed home by their people -who rejoiced to see them return. On some occasions they were met by -mothers, sisters or wives who had passed through four years of great -tribulation, and sometimes by hungry, ragged children, made more than -orphans by the war. To welcome the return of the soldiers. Nature -seemed to smile in extravagant luxuriance. Flowers were blooming, -growing crops were springing up in a prolific growth, promising a -bountiful harvest. The soldiers became citizens and relieved women and -children of burdens of farm work that their forced absence had put upon -them, and under the changed condition of affairs everything was in a -fair way to resume normal conditions. - - -ASSASSINATION OF LINCOLN.--Very soon after the surrender of Lee, -Abraham Lincoln, president of the United States, was assassinated and -Southern people deplored the sad event. Although the leaders and common -people of the South had nothing to do with the awful crime, it had a -tendency to intensify the already bitter feeling of the radical element -North, and this element began to clamor for revenge, demanding the -punishment of innocent people of the South for a crime for which they -were in no way responsible but entirely innocent. If Lincoln had not -have been removed by death from the presidency and could have exerted -an influence that the promptings of his really generous nature would -have caused him to endeavor to use, it would have been a boon to the -downtrodden people of the Southland. The average soldier was disposed -to get to work and really did get to work with an honest endeavor to -repair the damage done, and to build up the waste places. - - -FEDERAL OFFICERS.--The rulers or representatives of the general -government could have immortalize themselves and their names would have -gone down in history as benefactors, but instead they took a different -view of the situation and apparently actuated by a revengeful spirit -heaped up burdens that made the suffering people cry out in agony “How -long will this state of affairs exist.” - - -CONDUCT OF YANKEE SOLDIERS.--Early in the Spring of 1865 the war was -rapidly coming to a close and the Yankee soldiers were invading every -nook and corner. Some of them acted very gentlemanly and did what they -could to protect private property, but others committed depredations, -terrified the people and stole or impressed, as they called it, the -most of the good horses, sometimes leaving worn out old scrubby plugs -for farmers to make their crops with, and then other gangs would come -along and take these leaving farmers without horses. In the Summer the -army horses were corralled at different places, sold at auction to the -highest bidder and brought from one to fifty dollars a piece. In this -way they got about all the money the citizens had managed to get hold -of. - - -LOOTERS FOLLOW YANKEE ARMY.--In the rear of the Yankee army there -followed a motley gang of looters that were ignorant, vicious and -some of them penitentiary convicts. This despicable class, that would -not have been invited into the homes of respectable people where they -lived, set themselves up as leaders to plunder, steal and overawe the -good citizens of the desolated country. - - -PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT.--The Southern people soon learned to their -sorrow that if a state did not have a right to secede that the states -which were in rebellion were not considered in the union. Provisional -Governments were forced upon the Southern States and in North Carolina -W. W. Holden, who perhaps had done more to bring about, foster and -encourage the secession of the state than any other man within her -borders, was made governor of the state, and a reign of terror, misrule -and tyranny began. A governor with a retinue of ignorant, vicious, -dishonest followers, willing and anxious to humiliate and punish the -leading and best citizens of the state, caused a distressing state of -affairs to exist. - - -THE NEGRO ENFRANCHISED.--To still further humiliate the Southern -people an amendment was added to the constitution which placed the -ballot in the hands of every negro man in the South twenty-one -years old, and not satisfied with this leading citizens of the South -were disfranchised. Thousands of the most prominent and influential -citizens of the State of North Carolina were disfranchised. An election -was ordered and held but everything was one way, and many of the -poll holders were big “buck niggers” that would not have known the -Constitution of the United States from the Ten Commandments. - - -CARPETBAGGERS.--The carpetbaggers and low down thieves, thugs and -bums that were tacked on to the tail end of the Yankee army and left -to torture, torment and terrorize the peaceable, law-abiding citizens -of the South were now busy with their fiendish work. They had already -done effective preparatory work by visiting and mingling freely with -an element congenial to their degraded and vitiated tastes. They had -frequented negro cabins which were thickly scattered over the country. -These ignorant, confiding negroes were easily prevailed upon to meet in -old fields, woods, or old houses located in obscure places where they -organized and instructed them. - - -THE NEGRO POLITICIANS.--The negro politician loomed up and these -self-constituted bosses pictured to them in glowing colors the beauty -and grandeur of a position they would occupy where their former -owners and other leading white citizens would have to bow the knee -and acknowledge their royal authority. They were informed that the -lands owned by Southern white people would be confiscated and divided -out among them. Some of them in obedience to instructions went so far -as to stake off forty acres of land where they wanted it, with the -assurance that it would be given them. They were also promised with the -forty acres of land and a mule, and were happy in anticipation in the -near future of being in possession of immense wealth. Their political -aspirations were if possible more extravagant. Offices not wanted by -these designing political robbers were parcelled out to negroes that -they could use to do their bidding. - - -ELECTION A FARCE.--An election was held that was worse than a farce. -The negroes marched up to the polls like droves of sheep and deposited -a piece of paper in a box that they could not have told by looking -at it whether it was a ballot or ticket for passage on a railroad or -admission into a theatre. In North Carolina the ballot boxes were sent -to Charleston, S. C., for the ballots to be counted by a military -commander. To the legislature were elected a few good citizens and a -host of carpetbaggers, scalawags, and negroes, the last three named -having overwhelming majorities. - - -LEGISLATURE.--The legislature met composed of this motley crew to -enact laws for the government of the people of our loved State. In -the legislature were a few representative members mixed in with the -disreputable carpetbaggers, scalawags and ignorant negroes, and an -organization effected by a few sharp unprincipled alien adventurers -who at once began to plan a system of robbery bold, insolent and -disgraceful, and their corrupt ignorant tools were ready to do anything -dictated by them. The legislature remained in session an entire year, -the members voting themselves seven dollars per day, and some of them -computing their mileage over a roundabout way to give them an excuse to -augment their mileage accounts. The public school fund that had been -sacredly preserved through the four years vicissitudes of war was taken -to pay the per diem of the members of the mob that had convened under -the name of legislature. State bonds were voted and issued for millions -of dollars ostensibly to build railroads, but the proceeds of the bonds -were gobbled up by money sharks and no railroads built. Many of these -bonds were later repudiated by the state as fraudulent. A system of -state, county and municipal government prevailed that was oppressive, -and the good people of the state were humiliated and felt outraged -without having any chance to remedy the evil existing. - - -COUNTY OFFICERS.--In the legislature were several negroes and in some -counties were negro sheriffs, registers of deeds, county commissioners, -magistrates and school committees. While such a state of affairs -was humiliating, perhaps the carpetbaggers and some of the homemade -scalawags who forgetting and forsaking their race and color, acting -with them were, if possible, a worse curse to the state than the negro -himself. White people were arrested upon warrants issued by negro -magistrates who tried their cases and gloated over an opportunity -to punish them. Extortionate taxes were levied and collected and in -some counties claims were held by officers and people were obliged -to sell them at a tremendous discount and the officers and their pet -partners would buy them in and pay themselves full value from the -county fund. Their outrageous extravagance disgusted all decent white -people and their methods were universally condemned. The negro as a -politician became aggressive and the bosses were obliged to put their -names on the ticket because in many places they furnished the voting -population. Negroes became offensive and entirely ignored their former -owners and other white friends who were disposed to treat them fairly, -and accepted as their advisers these low down carpetbaggers and if -possible lower scalawags. The negro depended almost entirely for his -living upon the better class of white people and notwithstanding all -his prejudice and bitterness, acknowledged this fact, but a dirty thief -or a dirty, no account white man of the class used to do their dirty -work would tell them if they voted with the old secession crowd, as -they called them, they would be put back in slavery, but if they voted -as they suggested they would surely get the forty acres of land and a -mule, and what was still more pleasing to them would place themselves -in a position to wreak revenge on this now despised class. Some of the -hireling serfs were willing to sell their birthright for less than -a miserable mess of potage, and went so far as to advise the poor, -ignorant, confiding negro, in case he was refused work by this class -of white people, to steal such as he needed from the corn cribs, wheat -houses, smoke houses and if that would not suffice to burn their barns -or to burn them out of house and home. - - -CRIMES COMMITTED.--Under this wicked teaching or training crimes galore -were committed and men were unsafe and women insecure to go along the -streets or highways. Instead of law and order anarchy reigned supreme -and crime stalked boldly in the land heretofore noted for peace, -happiness and prosperity. - - -NEGROES OFFENSIVE.--Young negroes became offensive as a result of the -false training of this vicious class of men and some women, pretended -religious enthusiasts, who knew nothing of the class of people to whom -they were teaching a doctrine of direct or indirect social equality. -Ambitious notions took possession of the bestial natures of some of the -worst element of the race and results revolting to think of blackened -the page of history of this fearful period. - -W. W. Holden was then governor of North Carolina, and could have used -his fine talent, directed in a proper channel, to have been a blessing -instead of a curse to the people of the State whom it was his sworn -duty to protect instead of persecuting. The Executive and Judicial -powers of the State were silent as the grave and by their silence put -their seal of approval upon the disgraceful transactions, thus staining -their administration with crime and the approval of crime and becoming -a party seeking and wreaking revenge. - - -KU KLUX KLAN.--The ferocious wretches became so bold in the commission -of their outrages that in defense of life and property the good -people of the country organized a society called by different names -in different places but known every where as the “Ku Klux Klan.” The -object of the organization was to secure protection that the pretended -officers of the law failed to give to the oppressed people. - - -HOLDEN AND KIRK.--Governor Holden prevailed with his gang of blind -partizans in the legislature to pass a law authorizing him to declare -martial law in any part of the state. This he proceeded to do in a few -counties and had some citizens of the highest character, accused of -committing heinous crimes. Federal troops were sent to these counties, -not troops made up in the state, but a gang of cut-throats from -Tennessee, commanded by an acknowledged vicious wretch by the name of -Kirk. - -Governor Holden was not satisfied with the scope of power given him, -but wrote to the president asking for Federal authority allowing -arrests to be made and parties tried before a military tribunal hoping -to have some of the best citizens of the state shot at the stake. -Congress refused to confer on the president the power to declare -martial law. The governor and his crowd had to depend on such state -authority as they had managed to usurp. Col. Kirk with his gang had -invaded the state under the direction of the governor and more than one -hundred citizens were arrested and imprisoned by Kirk and his minions. - - -JUDICIARY EXHAUSTED.--Chief Justice Pearson had until this time been -regarded as a just judge, and application was made to him for a writ of -habeas corpus that men in prison might know why they were imprisoned. -Judge Pearson granted the writ but when an attempt was made to serve it -on Kirk he ignored it under the plea that he was acting under orders -from Governor Holden. Counsel of the prisoners asked for further -process to punish Kirk but the Chief Justice held that his power was -exhausted and that the Judiciary could not contend with the Executive. -The highest judges in the state claimed to be powerless and the Holden -Kirk conspirators, although panting to get recognition from the -Federal Government, began to make preparations to form a Drumhead court -to consist of thirteen members--seven to be appointed by the governor -and six by Colonel Kirk. The Chief Executive of the state expecting to -preside over this court and try cases with the Judiciary in sight and -hearing, declaring itself helpless. - - -JUDGE BROOKS.--The right will usually prevail and Judge Brooks a -Federal Judge listened to the cry of the distressed and oppressed -and gave them relief. Governor Holden and Colonel Kirk could not -intimidate him with their scarecrow cries of war and bloodshed. He -gave Kirk peremptory orders to allow his prisoners to come before him -at Salisbury within ten days. Governor Holden asked the president to -interfere and he promptly informed him that Judge Brook’s order must be -obeyed. Nothing was against the prisoners and they were released, and -the state was soon relieved of the presence of the Kirk mob. Governor -Holden was impeached, convicted and expelled from his high office. The -people rose in their might and partially redeemed the state, but it -took years to accomplish the desired effect. - -One hundred thousand ignorant negroes were enfranchised and their -proportional numerical strength of the voting population enabled them -to exert a baneful influence which very much afflicted the counsels of -our state. - - -NEGRO PROBLEM.--This brings to the surface the negro problem, -which will not be discussed here, but the different phases of negro -life at different periods of time will be noticed. The negro was -brought to this country from a heathen land centuries ago and it was -soon discovered that a Southern climate was suitable to his health -and growth and as a commercial commodity in the South he would be -profitable. The negro living as a servant of the white families -developed many commendable traits of character. Under the influence -of an acknowledged superior race he became partially civilized and -became very much attached as a servant to his master and mistress as he -was pleased to call them. He brought with him from the dark continent -some traits of character that were inherent and hard to eradicate. As -a slave he was faithful and the great mass of them were happy, and -growing up with white children loved and respected them without once -thinking himself their social equal. Before the war and during the war -it was a very rare case to hear of an outrage being committed. The -negro was happy in his surroundings, having no cares for the future, -knowing he would be provided for even in sickness and old age. During -the war he cared for and as far as he was capable protected the white -women and children at home while their fathers, brothers and husbands -were in the army. - - -THE OLD TIME DARKEY.-- - - The old time darkey is in the evening of his life, - After the passing of the last one with the race there will be strife, - He is a colored gentleman in company or at home - And when asked to do a favor always will come. - If his people are suffering with hunger or in distress - He will divide his last slice of bacon or last crumb of bread; - If at any time employed in the field at work - He does not have to be watched for he will not shirk. - He is polite in company, at home, on the road, or street - And will pull of his hat to anyone he may meet; - He is proud of his freedom, and glad he is not a slave - But remembers his early training and knows how to behave, - He has bought his acre of land that he claims as his own - Has built a rude cabin and lives at home, - When a slave he worked through the week and on Saturday night - Danced to the tune of the banjo till broad daylight - Then on Sunday all through the day - Courted his dusky damsel in the old time way. - If asked how he liked roasted potatoes, opossum or chicken to eat - With a broad grin he answers “Dem things is sweet.” - He said poor nigger got tired of bacon and corn bread, - And relished good eating before he went to bed. - He owns he was fond of nice good picking - And thought it was no harm for mister’s niggers to eat master’s chickens, - His mouth still waters and he sighs for the luxury so fine - When he feasted on watermelons in the good old Summer time. - During the war he was industrious, polite and genteel - And took care of women and children while the men were in the field. - He was loyal to the South as any Southern son - And his conduct should be classed with Southern victory won. - The old black mamma that stayed around the home - And took care of the children the same as her own, - The children remember her kindness and care - Though now growing old they are children to her, - The old time darkeys are well meaning and try to check - The young generation that are losing self respect. - - -THE EMANCIPATED NEGRO.--To do the negro race justice, there is no -doubt if they had been let alone to follow their own inclinations and -judgment they would have been largely influenced in their conduct after -being emancipated by their former owners and the better class of white -people of the South who were then and are now their best friends, -because having grown up with them in an entirely different social scale -are better calculated to advise them for their good. Two classes of -people accepted by them as their advisers are responsible for present -conditions. A low class of avaricious, ignorant, known enemies of the -South who have used them to advance their own selfish interests, and -another equally objectionable class of Northern religious fanatics, -whose training lead them to believe that the Southern people treated -them inhumanly. By mingling with them socially and teaching them that -they were entitled to recognition in the social circle of the whites, -caused them to have aspirations and ambitions to which they can never -attain. - -The Southern people at once acknowledged their freedom, and were ready -to help them in their struggle for a more prosperous career, and were -willing to give them their rights before the law but not willing to -place the ballot in their hands or give them a place in the counsels -of the government. Negroes who have followed the advice of their real -friends are now doing well, accumulating property and are in possession -of homes of their own and their children are being educated, but those -who have gone astray under the teaching and advice of aliens who know -nothing about them and care less have become vagrants and criminals and -are a menace to the communities in which they live. The negro problem -will be solved by Southern people who know the characteristics of the -race and will treat them in such a way as to enable them to build up -as a race. If listened to their condition will be bettered and the two -races will live in the Southland together harmoniously, but if the -advice of their only true friends is ignored it will be a survival -of the fittest and like the Indians they will by the management -of Southern people be provided with a home elsewhere and live to -themselves and enjoy the fullness of their freedom. - - The sun may be darkened and the moon stream in blood - But the voice of the Anglo Saxons in our counsels will be heard, - - The stars may fall and the earth with fervent heat melt, - But the influence of an inferior race in our counsels will not be felt. - - They may come from Greenland’s icy mountain or India’s coral strand, - From the black continent of Africa or other heathen lands: - - We will humanely treat the savage, and give them their rights before the law, - But before they undertake to rule they had better quietly withdraw. - - In our own Sunny South we will give them a home - And teach them civilization and to no longer roam, - - We have a knotty problem to solve in our own Sunny Southland, - But will resist any interference from any alien band. - - -THE COMING SOUTH.--For forty years the oppressed South has been under -a cloud groping its way in the wilderness, a part of the time without -even a feint hope of reaching the promised land, but the clouds are -breaking and through the dense darkness can be traced at least the -outline of a silver lining. To the most obscure vision a light appears, -and the dullest prophet can forecast the sunshine soon to burst forth -in magnificent splendor. Neither heights, lengths, breadths, depths, -principalities nor all the powers that be can stop the onward march -of education, industrial development and universal wave of prosperity -destined erelong to place the people of this, by nature favored land, -in possession of their own. In the scientific, religious, industrial -and political world, the South is forging its way to the front rank, -and our grand old state of North Carolina with its variety of soil, -climate, minerals, timbers and its progressive people is coming. From -the foundation of the government till the sixties the native born -talent of the South shaped and managed the affairs of the nation, -and now she is coming, after passing through a fiery ordeal, to again -resume a place that other sections of the country will be compelled to -concede to her. - - We no longer hear the bellowing cannon or clash of arms, - Or the tramp of soldiers marching raising alarm. - - But instead the busy hum of machinery and tramp of children to school on their way, - And the blessings of peace and prosperity making triumphant strides in their day. - - - - -TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES: - - - Obvious typographical errors have been corrected. - - Inconsistencies in hyphenation have been standardized. - - Archaic or variant spelling has been retained. - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK REMINISCENCES OF THE CIVIL WAR, -1861-1865 *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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