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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5acb66c --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #68392 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/68392) diff --git a/old/68392-0.txt b/old/68392-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 926d495..0000000 --- a/old/68392-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3368 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of Reminiscences of the Civil War, -1861-1865, by P. L. Ledford - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: Reminiscences of the Civil War, 1861-1865 - -Author: P. L. Ledford - -Release Date: June 24, 2022 [eBook #68392] - -Language: English - -Produced by: David E. Brown and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team - at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images - generously made available by The Internet Archive) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK REMINISCENCES OF THE CIVIL -WAR, 1861-1865 *** - - - - - - REMINISCENCES - OF - THE CIVIL WAR - 1861-1865 - - BY - P. L. LEDFORD - THOMASVILLE, N. C. - JULY 1909 - - NEWS PRINTING HOUSE - THOMASVILLE, N. C. - - - - - Copyright 1909 - By P. L. LEDFORD - - - - -PREFACE. - - -Although many histories have been written and tradition has furnished -its part toward the perpetuation of the memory of the exciting times -of the civil war, very much occurred that has never been recorded. -Monuments may be erected and histories written, but unless the veterans -now living get busy and refresh their memories, and the memories of -their comrades very much that happened, and ought to be preserved -in durable form will with the passing of the main actors pass into -oblivion. The Confederate Soldiers now living are all old men, and each -one could, and ought to contribute items of information that would be -interesting to the children and adults of future generations. These -scenes, anecdotes, incidents and historical facts ought to be written -by the soldiers themselves, for by no other means can a correct history -of the war period be handed down to posterity. - -I undertake my part of the task well knowing the information that I -shall try to give will not be pictured in a graphic style to please -the overeducated critic, but I feel assured that though written in a -plain style the facts narrated will be read and appreciated by many -who will not depreciate the information given, on account of the lack -of embellishment or absence of the style so pleasing to the lovers of -eloquence, poetry, song and graphic story. - -The following pages written by a plain confederate soldier who spent -three years in the war instead of at college are submitted to the -public upon the merits of the information given, without claiming -any literary merit. Feeling that I am performing an imperative duty -that I owe to the cause and my country, I respectfully dedicate the -reminiscences to the soldiers of the late war who were my comrades -while passing through the trying ordeal. - - In another decade by the sweep of time, - Many of the Veterans will fall out of line; - After a score of years very few there will be - For people then living to entertain or see. - The few that are left will be old and alone, - And quietly waiting for the summons to come; - Not until the last one shall have passed away - Will justice be done to the heroes of that day - Monuments will be erected on the ground where they sleep - And generations to come will their memory keep, - Patriots will pause with trembling and fear - And reverently on their graves drop a tear. - A responsibility now rests on veterans passing away - To rescue from oblivion the doings of that day. - We may not with a facile pen - Give a glowing description of scenes and men. - We can in a plain and plausible way - Give a rough sketch of the doings of that day. - After we have gone to our final home, - These sketches will be read by generations to come. - Let us be up and doing and work with might - And though late in the day commemorate the right. - - - - -CONTENTS. - - - CHAPTER I. - - Causes Leading up to the Civil War. - - Origin of the War 9 - Party Lines 10 - States Secede 11 - - - CHAPTER II. - - Beginning of Hostilities. - - The War Begins 11 - Young Men Volunteer 12 - Parting Scenes 13 - Recusant Conscripts and Deserters 14 - Loss of Loved Ones 15 - Roll Call of the Dead 15 - - - CHAPTER III. - - Condition of People Left at Home. - - Affairs at Home 17 - Civil Officers at Home 18 - Money in Circulation 18 - Farming Interests 19 - Women of the War 20 - Cotton King 21 - Soldiers on Furlough 21 - Homespun Dresses 21 - - - CHAPTER IV. - - Peace Demonstration Among the People. - - Peace Movement 22 - Young Man Pilot 23 - Soldiers Break Up Meeting 23 - Leader of Movement 23 - Old Men Released 24 - Peace Sentiment not Suppressed 25 - - - CHAPTER V. - - Bill of Fare in the Southern Army. - - Soldiers Rations 25 - Rations Supplemented 26 - Extra Rations Found 26 - Coons and Foxes 27 - Unripe Persimmons 27 - The Army not Starving 28 - Rations of Whiskey 28 - Short Rations 29 - Soldiers Forage 29 - Questionable Methods 30 - Detail to Cook 30 - Reproof of Conscience 32 - Mince Pie 32 - Chaplain’s Lecture 33 - - - CHAPTER VI. - - Surroundings of Soldiers and Soldier Life. - - Phases of Soldier Life 33 - Southern Soldiers 34 - Many Surprises 35 - Appearances Deceptive 35 - Soldiers in Camp 35 - Congenial Companions 36 - Disputes and Quarrels 37 - Winter Quarters 37 - Demoralizing Influences 38 - Religious Worship 38 - - - CHAPTER VII. - - Characteristics of Soldiers. - - Difference of Soldiers 39 - The Homesick Soldier 40 - Strenuous Soldiers 41 - Conservative Soldiers 41 - - - CHAPTER VIII. - - Citizens Visiting in Camp and the - Sick Soldier. - - The Sick Soldier 42 - Surgeon’s Call 42 - Simple Minded Sick Soldier 43 - Despondent Sick Soldier 43 - Visiting 45 - Portly Gentleman 45 - Lady Visitors 46 - - - CHAPTER IX. - - Incidents of Camp and Prison Life. - - Soldiers in Prison 46 - Exchange of Prisoners 47 - Punishment 48 - Rations 48 - Camp Life 49 - Soldier on Inspection 50 - Recruit on Guard 51 - An Economical Soldier 53 - A Soldier’s Retort 53 - A Boisterous Soldier 54 - Recruit Detailed 56 - - - CHAPTER X. - - Picket Lines, Battles and Battlefields. - - Picket Line 57 - Picket or Scout 57 - On the Picket Line 58 - Exchange of Courtesies 59 - Fearful Experience 60 - Burned Bodies of the Dead 61 - Test of Valor 61 - Escape to the Enemy 62 - Welcome Peace 62 - On the War Path 62 - Unreliable Soldiers 63 - Music in Battle 63 - Battles 64 - Battlefields 65 - After the Battle 67 - - - CHAPTER XI. - - Fourteenth Regiment N. C. Infantry - and General Officers of the Army - of Northern Va. - - Fourteenth N. C. Regiments 67 - Officers 68 - Unique Characters 69 - A Brave Soldier 70 - Color Bearer 70 - Amusing Scenes 70 - On the Campaign 71 - Distressing Scenes 72 - Battles Engaged in 73 - Victory and Defeat 73 - Decisive Battle 75 - The Enemy Surprised 75 - Battle of Chancellorsville 75 - At Apomattox 76 - General Officers 77 - General Cox 77 - General Grimes 78 - General Ramseur 78 - General Rodes 79 - General D. H. Hill 79 - General A. P. Hill 80 - General Ewell 80 - General Early 81 - General Stuart 81 - General Longstreet 82 - General Breckenridge 82 - General Gordon 82 - General Wheeler 82 - General Jackson 83 - General Robert E. Lee 84 - Recapitulation 85 - - - CHAPTER XII. - - Reconstruction Period. - - Surrender of Lee 86 - Right to Secede 87 - Sherman’s March to the Sea 87 - Home Coming of Soldiers 88 - Assassination of Lincoln 89 - Federal Officers 90 - Conduct of Yankee Soldiers 90 - Looters Follow Yankee Army 91 - Provisional Government 91 - The Negro Enfranchised 91 - Carpetbaggers 92 - The Negro Politician 92 - Election a Farce 93 - Legislature 93 - County Officers 94 - Crimes Committed 96 - Negroes Offensive 96 - Ku Klux Klan 97 - Holden and Kirk 97 - Judiciary Exhausted 98 - Judge Brooks 99 - Negro Problem 99 - The Oldtime Darkey 100 - The Emancipated Negro 101 - The Coming South 103 - - - - -Reminiscences of the Civil War, 1861-1865. - - - - -CHAPTER I. - -CAUSES LEADING UP TO THE CIVIL WAR. - - -ORIGIN OF THE WAR.--At this time, more than forty years removed from -the date of the exciting scenes enacted in the sixties, I desire for -the benefit and edification of my relatives, soldier friends and other -special friends, in a plain unvarnished style to record a few of the -incidents and doings of the people, who were active participants in -the drama of those strenuous times. I shall not confine myself to -dates or specially comment on the personal history of anyone, but -merely wish to rescue from oblivion such items of information as occur -to me, quoting entirely from memory, not having any notes taken at -the time to refer to. I propose to deal in facts, and any reference -I may make will reflect my views from the stand point of a young man -of that period. For a few years prior to the beginning of the war, -I by reading the current literature or newspaper productions of the -country, and listening to discussions of leading men of the times, had -kept myself fairly well posted. The signs of the times were ominous -and indications pointed to a disruption. Dark, threatening clouds of -war seemed to hover over our fair land that had so long enjoyed the -blessings of peace and prosperity. Perhaps we did not appreciate or -failed to realize it, we were really living in a land that flowed with -milk and honey. - - -PARTY LINES.--Like every other great revolution the awful calamity -was preceded by a political revolution. Party lines were broken and -sectional issues caused an alignment of parties North and South. The -burning questions of Slavery and State Rights were brought prominently -to the front. Incendiary speeches were made and incendiary literature -scattered broadcast over the land. The National Democratic Party -assembled in convention, disagreed upon a platform, and the result was -a division of the delegates and the placing of two candidates in the -field for president viz.: Douglas and Breckenridge. The old Whig Party -was defunct and its scattered forces rallied with Bell for its standard -bearer, assuming the name of Knownothing, or American Party. North of -Mason and Dixon’s line a strong sectional party had been organized -known as the Republican Party, with Abraham Lincoln for its candidate -for the presidency. The campaign was fierce and bitter to the extreme. -The leaders advocating the claims of their respective candidates were -aggressive and abusive, and the people wrought up to a high pitch of -excitement. The canvassing and comparing: the votes in the Electoral -College gave Lincoln the requisite number, and he was declared elected. -On the fourth day of March 1861 he became president of the United -States. The fanatics of the North and fire eaters of the South at once -got busy, and by their officious activity precipitated the war. - - -STATES SECEDE.--The Cotton States seceded and set up a government -of their own. Jefferson Davis was elected president of the Southern -Confederacy. North Carolina with other border States waited for some -overt act of Lincoln before passing the Ordinance of Secession. A -convention was called, delegates elected and assembled. The convention -was composed of delegates, a majority of whom were elected as union -delegates, and of course the delegates were backed by a constituency -of the same sentiment. The people of the old North State clung to the -Union as long as there was a vestige of hope of its preservation. - - - - -CHAPTER II. - -BEGINNING OF HOSTILITIES. - - -THE WAR BEGINS.--Fort Sumpter was fired upon and surrendered. Lincoln -called for troops from North Carolina to help to subjugate her Southern -sister States. Governor Ellis promptly informed the president that no -troops would be furnished from the State for such a purpose, and at -once called for volunteers to assist the South in its struggle for -independence. The state followed the lead of Virginia, identified -herself with the South, and the war was on. - -The most loyal friends of the Union now plainly saw that war was -inevitable, and that there was no neutral ground to occupy. This plain -proposition presented itself that all must fight, and to fight for -the perpetuation or restoration of the Union meant crossing the lines -and taking up arms against our own homes and our own people. Very few -were willing to take this step or assume such a responsibility. Past -differences of opinion were to a great extent reconciled, the bulk of -the people stood together, joined the Southern forces, fought under -the same flag, and startled the civilized world with their wonderful -achievements. - - -YOUNG MEN VOLUNTEER.--Young men of my immediate neighborhood -volunteered, some of them deceived by the spell-binders who in their -harangues asserted that all of the blood lost in the war could be -wiped up with a silk handkerchief. These impetuous uncompromising -war men soon began to maneuver to screen themselves and their sons -from serving as soldiers in the army, and were busy trying to secure -bomb proof positions or hire substitutes. The conservative element -composed largely of the honest yeomanry of the country, including many -of its best citizens, although not ambitious for military honors, or -overanxious to become soldiers, held themselves in readiness to join -the army when they considered it time for them to go or their country -demanded their services. As time moved on the army was enlarged and the -home force depleted. From time to time citizens left their homes to -exchange the garb of the citizen for the uniform of the soldier. - - -PARTING SCENES.--There were many pathetic scenes at the parting of -loved ones. The mother reluctantly gave up her sons that she had fondly -hoped would be to her a solace, comfort and support in her declining -years. The boys in their vigorous young manhood went to the war, but -many or them never crossed the threshold of home again. The faithful -wife kissed her husband good-bye fondly hoping, wishing and praying -that he would be spared to return home again, perhaps in a short time -she was left a lonely widow with the double responsibility resting upon -her of training the little family of more than orphan children that -with her were left to mourn their irreparable loss. The affectionate -sister who had grown up in the same home with a brother she was proud -of, helped him to get ready to go to the war, feeling sure he would -return home with honors in a short time, but the ravages of disease, -the exposures of the camp or march, or a fatal shot from the enemy -caused him to fill a soldier’s grave. The sweet young girl enjoying -the ecstatic bliss of loves bright, young dream, cheered her lover as -he moved on to the war, and perhaps at parting they exchanged vows of -undying affection, but cruel fate deprived the gallant young soldier of -the privilege of returning to claim his bride. He too, had to give up -his life on the fatal field of battle. - -Ere the war was half over the most of the ablebodied men were required -to join the army. Many of them promptly responded, while others not -willing to risk the dangers to which soldiers were exposed refused to -go and concealed themselves. - - -RECUSANT CONSCRIPTS AND DESERTERS.--In some sections of the country -there were recusant conscripts and deserters consisting of two -classes. There were some substantial citizens at home that were doing -well, quietly attending to their own home affairs, without paying -much attention to the politics of the country. These citizens were -uncompromising union men, opposed to the war, quietly concealed -themselves and failed to report for duty when called upon. They were -not outlaws in the full acceptation of the term, were supported by -homefolks and friendly sympathizers, and did not interfere with the -personal rights or property of anyone. There were others though who -were vindictive and terrorized the people by pillaging, stealing, -robbing, doing private injury and sometimes threatening the lives of -people at home. In places infested by such gangs a fearful state of -affairs existed. These recusant conscripts and deserters were hunted -by details of soldiers already in the service, assisted by militia -officers at home. Some of the militia officers rendered themselves very -unpopular by offensive methods used to capture men who were dodging, -consequently a very bitter feeling was engendered between neighbors and -sometimes between members of the same family. The power of the civil -government and military was used to induce all to join the army, and -the most of the men subject to military duty had to go, although some -went under protest. - - -LOSS OF LOVED ONES.--As the war advanced there was mourning in many -homes, on account of the loss of loved ones. Within a radius of a very -few miles of my home many stalwart young men were brought home dead, -having sickened and died in camp, on the march, in the hospital, or -having been slain in battle. Many a poor boy the idol of a good mother -gave up his life on the gory battlefield, deprived of the tender care -and affectionate ministrations of a mother, sister or wife to comfort -him in his dying hour. Some were left with their bones to bleach on the -gory field of battle, others were never accounted for and if buried at -all were buried by strangers that did not know them and perhaps did not -want to know them. - - -ROLL CALL OF THE DEAD.--The following principally young men are the -names of some of my relations, playmates, schoolmates, acquaintances or -soldier comrades that lost their lives during the war: - - -NAMES. - -Henry Burough, Alsan Burough, Franklin Burough, David Bowers, Zadoc -Burton, Basil Burton, Frank Britt, John Clinard, Henry Clinard, John -Clinard, Francis Clinard, William Collett, Franklin Collett, Jacob -Crouch, John Crouch, Hugh Clodfelter, David Clodfelter, Alfred Cecil, -Nelson Cecil, William Craven, Ransom Edinger, George Edinger, Phillip -Edinger, Jesse Edwards, William Fowler, Benjamin Faulkner, Nicholas -Fouts, Henry Fritts, Jesse Green, Shepherd Green, Daniel Green, -Harrison Green, John Gardner, John Gillem, Madison Harmon, Charles -Harmon, Elwood Haines, Sanford Hammer, Jacob Hedgcock, John Hiatt, -Fred Hiatt, Jesse Hilton, Evan Hilton, Jacob Hilton, Henry Hilton, -Barnabas Hayworth, C. P. Jones, Purvis Jackson, Joseph Jackson, Joseph -Jones, William Kanoy, John Kanoy, Henderson Kanoy, John Kanoy, Charles -Kennedy, John L. Long, Henry F. Ledford, Charles Lines, Joseph Murphy, -William Miller, Franklin Motsinger, John Meredith, Winborn Mendenhall, -Robert McCutcheon, Mack Myers, Harrison Porter, Charles Payne, Thomas -Payne, Shubel Payne, Sanford Payne, Solomon Roberts, John Stone, -William Stone, Milton Sledge, Hiram Sowers, Humphrey Sowers, Robert -Small, Samuel Sink, John Sink, Adam Sink, Valentine Sink, Jesse Sink, -Solomon Sink, George Sink, John Sink, Joseph Sink, David Shuler, -William Traynham, McKindre Veach, John Wagner, Charlie Willie, William -Wagner, John Welborn, Madison Welborn, William Whitehart, Willis -Whitehart, and John Yokley. - -Comparatively few of my acquaintances or young men with whom I -associated prior to the beginning of hostilities, went to the war -and returned to their homes at the close. Some of them returned on -crutches, some with empty sleeves, and some with scars of wounds -received in battle that they will carry to their graves. - - - - -CHAPTER III. - -CONDITION OF PEOPLE LEFT AT HOME. - - -AFFAIRS AT HOME.--The women, children, old men and servants left at -home passed through an ordeal sad indeed to contemplate. The servants -or negroes deserved much credit for their loyalty to their then legal -owners. Instead of being a menace as was feared and expected, they were -a protection to the helpless white population, and did much for the -support of the people at home, and for the support of the soldiers in -the field. To the very old people the blow fell with a crushing force. -In addition to the accumulated burdens that naturally fall to the lot -of old people, the loss of their sons, grand sons, and neighbors so -prostrated them with grief that the gray hairs of many of them were -brought down in sorrow to the grave. The little children for four years -being deprived of the protection, support, counsel and assistance -of fathers suffered an irreparable loss, a loss that no subsequent -attention, education or opportunity could possibly restore. - - -CIVIL OFFICERS AT HOME.--After the war had somewhat advanced, the civil -officers, railroad and mail service and public places were to a great -extent managed by old men. Young men at home were lonesome and did not -stand as high in the estimation of the people as the young men who -went to the war. They too had to submit to the taunts of the soldiers, -on account of their maneuvering to keep out of danger. It was not -considered patriotic for young men to screen themselves, because there -seemed to be a necessity for all to enter the service, or at least as -some had to go it was argued that all should fare alike. Schools and -churches suffered in the general wreck and the morals and intelligence -of the rising generation was at a low ebb. Teachers and preachers’ -salaries and physicians’ fees were paid in kind. Corn, wheat, beans, -peas, pork, bacon, lard, butter, homemade cloth, and anything that -answered for clothing or provision was gladly received as a substitute -for money. - - -MONEY IN CIRCULATION.--The only money in circulation was Confederate -money or State treasury notes which depreciated in value until worth -scarcely the paper upon which it was printed. The gold and silver coin -in the hands of the people was hidden or buried in the ground not to be -resurrected unless in case of extreme necessity. Very little building -or improvement of any kind was going on. - - -FARMING INTERESTS.--For the want of laborers farms were neglected and -many fertile fields growed up with sprouts and briers. Fences gave -out or fence rows growed up with weeds and briers. Gulleys washed in -the roads and some places were almost impassable. Everything in the -way of improvement was on the decline. But few new houses were built -and homefolks were sometimes driven to the necessity of sheltering -in houses not very comfortable. Farm implements gave out and it was -a difficult matter to replace them. Old plows and hoes that had been -thrown away were hunted up and repaired so as to answer the purpose, -and many rude substitutes used for farming tools that had been formerly -used. It was a turning back to usages of generations past. Rawhides -were tanned in the country and coblers made shoes out of the homemade -leather. In place of the New Orleans or Cuba molasses a syrup was -manufactured from sugar cane grown on the farm. Some enterprising -boys gathered persimmons and had them distilled into brandy which -supplemented the supply made from the surplus fruit. Corn and rye were -not distilled into whiskey on account of the scarcity of breadstuff. A -little of everything made on the farm was collected and placed in the -hands of a commissary and was used to help support the soldiers in the -army. - - -WOMEN OF THE WAR.--The noble women took upon themselves a burden -that was borne with fortitude or heroism that is without a parallel -in the annals of the history of any country or any people. They -achieved wonders in the homes by their ready inventive powers, which -enabled them to substitute many useful articles from which they were -cut off, on account of the blockade, rigidly enforced by the Federal -authorities. Spicewood tea, Sassafras tea, a beverage made of parched -corn, rye, chestnuts, dried slices of sweet potatoes and many other -things were used as a substitute for coffee. Dried persimmons were -used for puddings after the season for them had passed, and a very -good bread was made with a mixture of potatoes with meal or flour. On -many farms women and children cultivated the crops making a support -for homefolks. Women would hoe corn, sometimes plow, make hay, bind -and haul in wheat, sometimes help to thresh, gather, shuck and crib -corn and do almost any kind of farm work. The little girls would put -the bridles on old horses or mules and with grists of corn or wheat -ride several miles to mill. The old man at the mill would pleasantly -speak to the little girls, addressing them as his smart little boys. -The little girls proud of the distinction would saucily and laughingly -answer him saying, “Yes we are Tomboys.” - - -COTTON KING.--Cotton proved to be king indeed, and upon this staple -the south depended largely for clothing, bed clothing, tent cloths and -indeed everything for which cloth was used. The women took the lint -or raw material and by carding, spinning, weaving, cutting and sewing -converted it into clothing, bed clothing and many other articles. In -place of dyestuffs usually purchased at the stores and brought from -other countries, they used Walnut, Redoak, or Maple bark, Sumac and -other things that they discovered they could substitute and utilize. -From wheat straw they manufactured hats that answered the purpose and -were worn by men, women and children. - - -SOLDIERS ON FURLOUGH.--The girls were proud of the boys who were in the -army, always glad to see them come home and always gave them a cordial -welcome when they came home on furlough. Several girls would get -together and give the boys a reception which amounted to an ovation. -The girls and soldier boys mutually enjoyed these gatherings and would -together sing war songs or popular airs such as, Dixie, Southern Girl, -Stars and Bars, Homespun dress etc. - - -HOMESPUN DRESSES.--The girls wore homespun dresses and in the -estimation of the boys were just as pretty, neat and sweet as if they -had been arrayed in silk and purple. - - Pretty girls vacated the parlor and sitting room - To operate the spinning wheel and old fashioned loom, - The lint of the cotton was carded to a shred, - Then carded into rolls and spun into thread. - Thread was placed on a reel which turned round again and again - Until the dial plate registered enough cuts for a skein. - The thread was then placed in homemade dye - And changed into any color that was desired. - On the warping bars the thread was handled again - And the piece laid off for so many yards of chain. - On the spindle of the little wheel was placed the reed quill, - And enough thread placed around it the reed to fill - The thread then around the beam was strung - And the quills in the shuttle nicely hung. - Two pretty girls were busy working all day - Placing the thread through a six hundred sley, - Then the battle with the baton begun - And erelong the bolt of cloth was done. - Then with the skill of an artists hand - The cutting of the garments by the girls began; - Very soon the little girls were dressed up neat - In homespun dresses looking pretty and sweet. - - - - -CHAPTER IV. - -PEACE DEMONSTRATIONS AMONG THE PEOPLE. - - -PEACE MOVEMENT.--In 1862 a very decided sentiment in favor of a peace -movement was inaugurated, and attained to some prominence in the state, -especially among the original union men and parties dissatisfied with -the existing state of affairs. Announcement of a meeting was made to -be held at a place near Thomasville known as Kennedy’s School House. -Publicity was given to the report that speakers would be present to -address the meeting and discuss the proposed issue. A good crowd -assembled, the most of them prompted by honorable motives, merely -wishing to hear discussed or explained the plan proposed by the leaders -of the movement. With the exception of a very few of the leaders no -one entertained any treasonable intentions. The authorities had been -notified of the proposed meeting and a detail of soldiers was sent to -break it up. - - -YOUNG MAN PILOT.--A young man who happened to be in the neighborhood -was pressed into service by the soldiers to pilot them to the place. He -did not relish the idea of going with them, but the unusual sight of -bayonets and guns in the hands of the belligerent soldiers was a very -persuasive argument to him to induce him to comply with their demands. -He does not deny the fact that he was badly scared, and although he -laughs about it now, says that it was a serious matter then, and that -he distinctly remembers his hair stood up stiff and straight giving him -trouble to keep his hat on his head. - - -SOLDIERS BREAK UP MEETING.--Without any previous notice the soldiers -charged upon the meeting and the crowd dispersed and retreated at the -first intimation of their approach. The citizens hit the grit and ran -with a speed that would put to shame the exploits of the Yankees and -Rebels in the valley of Virginia. - - -LEADER OF MOVEMENT.--The leader who was mainly responsible for the -meeting was the first one to absent himself upon the approach of the -soldiers. He got away as fast as his legs could carry him, and that was -about as fast as anyone could go, for he had the reputation of being -a champion runner. A tall young man made a break for the tall timber -and was in the act of unhitching his horse, when a limb very close to -him was cut off by a minnie ball. It was supposed that he was shot at -through mistake, and that the soldiers shooting at him were under the -impression that he was the leader, who had been represented to them -as a tall man. A friend of the victim of this close call who was also -near by unhitching his horse was treated to music made by the hissing -of minnie balls, passing uncomfortably near him. Both of them left the -place as fast as their horses could carry them. A good portion of the -crowd was captured and taken to Camp Holmes, near Raleigh. The most of -the young men captured volunteered and joined the Southern Army and the -old men were finally released. - - -OLD MEN RELEASED.--It was especially severe on the very old men who -were without warning taken and compelled to endure the privations of -prison and camp life. The poor old men innocently feeling that they -had done no wrong were kept in suspense and in constant dread for many -days fearing that they would be court-marshalled and perhaps executed. -Among them was an eccentric old fellow not overly preposessing in -appearance. After being in camp for many days without a change of -clothing and his white beard stained with tobacco juice, he presented -a rather grotesque and by no means attractive appearance, but he took -a philosophical view of the situation and looked on the sunny side. -He amused the soldiers in camp with his wit and humor, and although -perhaps eighty years old would sing gay songs and with a little -encouragement from the boys dance a jig. At the close of the day he -would seriously say to his old comrades that although they had passed -through another day it would be their last, and that they would all be -executed tomorrow. His comrades knew that he indulged in a great deal -of levity, but being apprehensive themselves feared the old man was -correct in his surmises, and retired not to sleep but to think of loved -ones at home that they would perhaps never see again. - - -PEACE SENTIMENT NOT SUPPRESSED.--The incident did not entirely suppress -the sentiment in the community in favor of peace, but did prevent any -further public demonstration. - - A blessed hope of peace permeated the throng, - To them it cooed like a dove with its siren song, - But it proved a delusion and a snare - To get them in trouble of which they were not aware. - They innocently cried peace when there was no peace, - Their unfortunate meeting was imprudent at least; - The meeting culminated in a tragic end - And made them wiser and perhaps better men. - - - - -CHAPTER V. - -BILL OF FARE IN THE SOUTHERN ARMY. - - -SOLDIERS’ RATIONS.--Soldiers in the Southern army did not live on the -fat of the land fareing sumptuously every day. They often had to live -on a stinted allowance, and articles of food placed before them that -would not have been accepted with thanks at home. A day’s allowance -to a soldier consisted of a small cake of wheat or corn bread, or six -hard tacks, a small piece of beef or pickled pork, sometimes a little -rice or small amount of beans or peas. A hearty man that gave way to -his appetite often ate an entire day’s rations at one meal and then was -hungry the balance of the day. The judicious soldier though divided his -allowance into three parts and fared better by adhering strictly to the -custom of eating three times a day. - - -RATIONS SUPPLEMENTED.--Anything in sight was devoured with avidity to -supplement rations issued. Parched corn on a march when the supply -was scarce was not a poor substitute for bread. If a soldier found a -persimmon tree loaded with fruit it was gathered with as much eagerness -as a miner would pick up a gold nugget. Such a find was regarded as a -bonanza. Walnuts, hickory nuts or even acorns were carefully saved to -supplement rations issued. - - -EXTRA RATIONS FOUND.--A squad of men was detailed to tear down an old -building and removing the rubbish captured and killed several big fat -rats which were skinned, dressed, cooked and ate with a relish. Around -the old building was a luxurious growth of cresses and wild onions, -which were carefully gathered by the soldiers and cooked and considered -very palatable. - - -COONS AND FOXES.--One evening after the army stopped to go in camp a -tree was cut down for fire wood and the soldiers were surprised and -pleased to find and catch two nice coons which were cooked for supper -and made a very savory dish. At another time while going into camp a -rush was made for a tree top and a red fox was jumped. The chase was -very much enjoyed by the boys. The fox in its frantic efforts to escape -sometimes jumped as high as the heads of the soldiers who surrounded it -and was knocked back by them. Finally the fox was captured and the boys -said it tasted much better than beef or pork they were accustomed to. - - -UNRIPE PERSIMMONS.--On a march a soldier dropped out of line, climbed -a tree and was helping himself to unripe persimmons. An officer -coming along, reprimanded him, ordered him back in line and asked him -why he was so greedily devouring such unwholesome food? The soldier -innocently replied that he had discovered that green persimmons had a -drawing effect and thought perhaps by using them he could shrink his -stomach to the capacity of amount of rations issued. The officer seemed -to comprehend the logic of his reasoning and left him to test the -practical value of his theory. - - -THE ARMY NOT STARVING.--It is not the intention to try to make the -impression that the Southern army was in a starving condition. Such an -intimation would be misleading. The only wonder is that the soldiers -were provided for as well as they really were. Perhaps all armies -sometimes suffer the inconvenience of short rations. The kind reader -must charitably in imagination take the place of the soldier to be -fully competent to sympathize with him. - - The overscrupulous reader with pious thought - May condemn the soldier for using thing’s not bought, - And may in his honest heart feel - That under no circumstances should anyone steal. - Better get down on repentance stool - And figure out the golden rule; - Go to bed hungry and fail to sleep - Then get up courage the eighth commandment to keep. - - -RATIONS OF WHISKEY.--Rations of whiskey were occasionally issued and -the effects of the stimulant were very soon apparent, for soldiers -had nothing to put the liquid in to save, and were obliged to use -it to keep it from wasting and then for awhile there was plenty of -fun in which officers and soldiers joined. If an officer happened to -get enough to make him too hilarious he was placed in arrest until -he sobered up. If a soldier in the ranks imbibed to freely and in -consequence wanted to monopolize control of things and indulged in -conversation boisterous or unbecoming he was quietly assigned to -quarters in the guard house until he had time to cool off. - - -SHORT RATIONS.--Sometimes rations were short and hungry soldiers are -not apt to be in the best of humor. At such times grumbling was in -order or at least freely indulged in, but grumbling did not bring the -beef and corn bread. If adjacent to orchards, potato patches, corn -fields or hen roosts, some of the boys would manage to supplement their -rations, put on an innocent look and apparently become indignant if -accused of crossing the guard line of the camps. - - -SOLDIERS FORAGE.--Soldiers would forage for something to eat. They -would visit farm houses and put in a plausible plea, with money, cheek -or chin music, get on the good side of the good women and prevail on -them to furnish them with fruit, potatoes, butter, apple butter, bread, -pies or anything that could be used and a soldier could use anything -that anybody could eat. A shrewd forager failing to get anything at -farm houses would take a mental survey of the different places and -at night would by bribing the sentinel or slipping across the guard -line go straight to potato patches, orchards or corn fields and borrow -fruit, potatoes, roasting ears and sometimes induce a fat hen to go to -camp. This process of borrowing was so skillfuly manipulated that the -owner of the premises was kept in blissful ignorance of the way the -articles were appropriated. There were company officers who would deal -very gentle with a soldier that stole out of camp to forage, provided -the officer shared in the find whatever it might be. - - -QUESTIONABLE METHODS.--A big burly soldier went a short distance from -camp and deliberately shot down a good sized fat pig, being caught in -the act by some soldiers, he said he killed it in self defense and that -no hog should bite him. He skinned the hog, carried it to camp, late -in the night borrowed a camp kettle and cooked the pork. Some officers -passing along reproved the soldier and threatened to put him in the -guard house, but were persuaded to be lenient by promising them a good -slice of the pork which tasted as good to an officer as a private. The -good old citizen had a drove of fat hogs, missed one and reported to -the colonel of the regiment. An order was at once issued to the captain -of each company to search the tents. An officer passed round, peeped -into the tents, saw no pork or even smelled any and reported nothing -found in the company. The most of the boys of the company though had a -good breakfast and pork was part of the bill of fare. - - -DETAIL TO COOK.--On a march one evening the army halted to take up camp -for the night; rations were issued and a detail made to do the cooking. -Among the soldiers detailed was one who though very much fatigued -worked faithfully until the two days rations were cooked and issued to -the men. His partner immediately after going in camp had gone to a -farm house not far distant and had succeeded in getting two canteens -full of good fresh milk. After the cooking was done the soldier who had -been detailed being very hungry, took the canteen of milk, two day’s -rations and ate it all for supper, not leaving a crumb for the next two -days. He then took in the situation, jumped at a conclusion, struck a -bee line across a piece of woods and accidentally met a comrade whose -breath betrayed the fact that he had been drinking brandy. It suddenly -occurred to the soldier that he needed a little for his stomach’s -sake, although it was loaded with two day’s rations, and they together -went a short distance across the country and was face to face with the -maker and vender of the liquid. Making their wants known he took their -canteens and a pitcher supposed to be full of water and started for -the liquor house. The boys followed him going through a dining room. -The quick eye of the soldier noticed a clean table cloth on the table -covering something. Without stopping as he passed along he quietly -raised the cloth and made a discovery. One of the boys canteens was -filled and handed back to him. Upon sampling it they found it had been -well watered. The citizen was politely informed that it was brandy not -water the boys wanted. Without arguing the case he poured the grog out -of the canteen and filled them up with the pure unadulterated article. -After filling the vessels he lead the way starting out and the boys -followed, the boy who had been detailed to cook in the rear. Passing -through the dining room by some unaccountable manipulation the rations -moved from the table and bread, meat, pickles, pies and cakes found a -resting place in the capacious haversack of the soldier and there was -no more solicitude about rations for the next two days. - - -REPROOF OF CONSCIENCE.--Late one evening the army marched by a -luxurious field of corn. A soldier who was hungry and whose haversack -was empty thought it would be real nice to have roasting ears for -supper. As soon as the army halted to go into camp, he with two -comrades though quite a distance started for the field of corn. When -they got to the field it seemed to be full of soldiers on the same -mission as they were. The soldier though hungry and very much fatigued -proposed to his companions to return to camp and trust to providence, -declaring that his conscience would not allow him to join the crowd -and take the corn. They returned to camp and were agreeably surprised -to find in their tent a box from home full of good things to eat. The -soldier was fully convinced by the circumstance that “Conscience is in -all cases a correct moral guide.” - - -MINCE PIE.--Two boys came into camp one day selling mince pies. Two -soldiers bought one, ate, smacked their lips, pronouncing it good and -wished for more. Before the boys got out of hearing they got into a -dispute about the division of the money. The smaller boy cried and said -it was his puppy that was killed to furnish material for the pie and he -was entitled to his part of the proceeds. The soldier boys would have -been glad to have parted with the puppy dog, but it had come to stay. - - -CHAPLAIN’S LECTURE.--On one occasion on a march rations were scarce and -the soldiers were hungry. Some of the boys invaded a corn field and -were plucking ears of corn expecting at night to feast on roasting ears -for supper. The chaplain of a regiment rode along and began to give -the boys a moral lecture, telling them it was wrong to steal and that -the corn did not belong to them. The soldiers paid no attention to his -talk and quietly filled their sacks. The chaplain seeing that they were -determined to take the corn said to them, if they were going to take -the corn anyway to throw him over a few ears for his pony. - - - - -CHAPTER VI. - -SURROUNDINGS OF SOLDIERS AND SOLDIER LIFE. - - -PHASES OF SOLDIER LIFE.--The many phases of soldier life furnish the -inquiring mind food for thought and research. The mere fact that an -army is an aggregation of discordant elements made up from different -parts of the country is a sufficient basis for an interesting subject -for investigation. The soldiers representing the different sections of -the country represent the manners, customs, habits and characteristics -of the inhabitants of the communities from which they came. In -addition to this if we take into consideration the personal habits, -characteristics and eccentricities of the individual, analyzing the -attitude, latitude, aptitude, and magnitude of the capabilities and -wonderful scope of each one we find ourselves exploring a wonderful -field that startles us. - - -SOUTHERN SOLDIERS.--The Southern army was not only made up of soldiers -from different parts of the country, but from the different pursuits -and conditions of life. Our army of which the South has cause to be -proud contained the most of the ablebodied men of the South, and it is -no reflection upon the fair name and fame of the gallant soldiers of -the army that there were among them some enrolled that were failures. -There were figureheads, deadbeats, skulkers, hospital rats and others -who were drawbacks to the army. There were men enrolled who at home -were successful and regarded as good citizens, but as soldiers were -failures because they had no turn, taste, tact, inclination or -adaptability for soldier life. It was unfortunate for our army, our -country and for such soldiers that there was a necessity to enroll -them. - - -MANY SURPRISES.--Very often the palest, thinnest, weakliest, scrawniest -looking fellow stood the exposure and hardships of the camp, march -and battlefield much better than a stalwart looking boy. Sometimes -the most timid lad, who seemed to shrink from any duty likely to give -him notoriety, developed into the most aggressive, daring soldier -and astonished officers and comrades with his reckless ventures and -achievements. There were officers and men who would for the sake of -promotion unnecessarily expose to imminent danger themselves or men -under them. The truly brave soldier will shelter or protect himself -when he can do so without jeopardizing the cause he represents, but -when necessary will expose himself and face danger like a man. The -truly brave officer will lead and not undertake to drive his men in -battle and screen himself. - - -APPEARANCES DECEPTIVE.--Appearances are often deceptive. Sometimes a -man of fine physique, good looking, stalwart, having the appearance of -being a brave soldier that would sacrifice his life rather than show -the white feather collapses in the hour of danger, entirely unable to -control his nervous system, proving himself to be constitutionally a -coward. Such men ought to be pitied instead of being persecuted. - - -SOLDIERS IN CAMP.--The self-constituted bully of the camp who wants -to engage in a fisticuff with anyone that dares to cross his path -will often tremble with fear when going into battle. The soldier that -delights in giving exaggerated accounts of his exploits and hairbreadth -escapes usually is an artful dodger and an expert in framing excuses to -keep out of danger when the battle is on. In the army were soldiers who -died of grief or homesickness. However much a soldier may be attached -to his home surroundings it is a mistake to give up and brood over a -separation that is inevitable. The soldier who takes a sensible view -of the situation, keeps up his courage and as far as possible keeps in -good heart by looking on the sunny side of life always fares the best. -One who always seems lowspirited, out of heart, and cultivates such -a feeling receives scant sympathy from his comrades, but one who is -cheerful, apparently happy whether really feeling so or not does not -have to hunt for kindred spirits to share his happiness with him. To a -soldier in camp virtually performing the same round of duty every day, -life is likely to become monotonous, and moodiness or gloom intrudes -its unwelcome presence, then the thing to do is to seek a change and -look for something to divert his attention and cause him for the time -being to forget his real or imaginary trouble. - - -CONGENIAL COMPANIONS.--In the Southern army a soldier could always -find congenial company for there was variety to choose from. In the -different tents or around the camp fires were crowds making merry -with music and dancing, crowds spinning yarns or telling anecdotes or -stories, classes singing sacred songs or squads engaged in conversation -on subjects to suit anyone. Nothing to do but to make a choice of the -place and be entertained. - - -DISPUTES AND QUARRELS.--In camp everything was not always harmonious. -Among the boys there were sometimes misunderstandings, which gave rise -to disputes or quarrels, occasionally culminating in fisticuffs or -fights which often landed the participants in the guard house. - - -WINTER QUARTERS.--A soldier in the Southern army had no abiding place -to stay or at least only temporary. In winter quarters in the dugout, -rude cabin, tent, or bivouacing primitive life was fairly illustrated -and it is surprising to people accustomed to the conveniences of life -to realize how few of these conveniences soldiers are supplied with. -Very often one little frying pan or kettle performs its round of -service for an entire village of cabins or tents, and it is not unusual -in camp to hear the owner of an implement or vessel cry out “come home -frying pan” or “come home coffee pot.” The call was a peremptory order -to the borrower to return the missing article which was perhaps by -the careless soldier thrown aside. The reminder generally caused the -occupants of the tents to institute a search, usually resulting in the -return of the missing article. Soldiers’ temporary homes exemplified -their home training. Some of their places were comfortable, neat -and attractive, while others were just to the reverse. Some of the -occupants kept themselves and their clothing clean and neat, while -others were contented to wrap themselves up in their filthy rags -sometimes infested with vermin. There were though police and sanitary -regulations that all were obliged to observe or pay the penalty, and -there was an etiquette among soldiers that was generally observed. Many -a soldier would forage for something to eat, but would suffer with -hunger to the extreme limit rather than appropriate to himself the -rations issued to another. A soldier who would steal the rations of -another sacrificed his honor and self respect and was regarded by his -comrades as a sneak thief at home. - - -DEMORALIZING INFLUENCES.--While an army always carries with it many -demoralizing influences, a man can be a soldier and a gentleman too, -but one who is not a gentleman at home, in the army is sure to show -the cloven foot. In winter quarters more attention is paid to social -features than at any other time. Hostilities to a great extent cease -during the winter though sometimes the armies clash. - - -RELIGIOUS WORSHIP.--Sometimes while in winter quarters soldiers got -together and built rude log houses for places of worship. Protected -from the cold in these houses soldiers gathered together usually for -regular Sunday preaching and sometimes prayer meetings were held during -the week. Perhaps as large a per cent. of soldiers attended preaching -as people at home who had more convenient and comfortable places of -worship. In summertime soldiers usually assembled in a grove to listen -to sermons preached by their chaplain or visiting ministers. - -In the Southern army occasionally very much religious interest was -manifested and revivals were not unusual. Singing, prayer and sometimes -shouting were heard in the camp. - - - - -CHAPTER VII. - -CHARACTERISTICS OF SOLDIERS. - - -DIFFERENCE OF SOLDIERS.--There is as much difference in the make up -of the average soldier as in the average citizen at home. It is said -that variety is the spice of life and in the army we get variety with -a vengeance, and the spice is sometimes a little bit peppery. The home -training and habits as well as the natural disposition of the men will -show itself in the army, and no amount of diplomacy can relegate these -acquired or inherent qualities to the back ground. It is not everyone -that can join heartily in a course of life that is distasteful, and one -who does will be very apt to adopt the requirements of the new life -to the exclusion of long established habits and customs, and will -sometimes overdo himself in exercising uncalled for and unnecessary -stunts. - - The life of a soldier in a strenuous channel does run. - And the life is by no means a pleasant one; - The attractions that lure young men to the field - Are very seductive and to them many yield. - When they don the uniform and fall in line - They surrender their freedom and in servitude are confined. - It requires the decision of character and nerve of the brave - To imperil ones life his country to save. - This heroism throws aside all fear and dread, - But is never appreciated till the victim is dead, - We may eulogize the hero with eloquence, poetry and song, - But he quietly sleeps while the pageantry is going on, - The odor of the flowers that we place on the grave - Is lost to the hero who gave his life his country to save. - - -THE HOMESICK SOLDIER.--The timid homesick soldier grieves himself to -death, and if perchance he has to engage in a battle he welcomes the -friendly missile that puts an end to his forlorn condition. He thinks -of nothing but home and rather than drag out, to him, a miserable -existence in the army surrenders his life freely and willingly. -The following lines are intended to picture the end of one of this -unfortunate class: - - I am weary to-night and as lonely as can be, - I am far from my friends that I may never see, - - I am hungry and cold; how can I my time employ? - I know my good christian mother is praying for her boy. - - I on the cold ground must lie down to sleep, - If mother knew my condition how bitterly she would weep; - - In camp I hear stories laughter and song, - I am longing for home and cannot join. - - They tell me I am homesick perhaps it is true - I must shake off this despondency or I will never pull through - - I am wishing for anything that can be arranged - Anything, just anything, anything for a change, - - I hear the report of a signal gun, - Now we may listen for the sound of the old bass drum. - - Fall in, fall in is the command to all, - And now we must answer at once to rollcall; - - “Attention Company;” says the officer in time: - Forward double quick is the command that is passed down the line. - - I hear the boom of cannon and rattle of smallarms, - The screams of the wounded show that the battle is on, - - I am mortally wounded see how my blood flows, - I am sinking to rest, my troubles are o’er. - - I am thirsty, feel chilly and cold and must sleep, - Farewell my dear mother, please do not weep. - - I see you yes ’tis you, I knew you would come, - Now take me dear mother again to our home. - - As the last word was spoken he drew the last breath, - And no mother there to sooth him in death, - - The poor homesick boy in battle did fall, - He had listened and answered to the last rollcall. - - -STRENUOUS SOLDIERS.--Soldiers like citizens are sometime extremists, -and are likely to say and do some very unreasonable things. They work -themselves up to a high pitch of excitement, see but one side of a -question and are intolerant. Soldiers of this class are usually not the -most reliable and their rashness is liable to lead them to do things -detrimental to the cause they represent. The following lines illustrate -this objectionable element. - - Sound the bugle and beat the drum, - Fall in line, let the enemy come, - Let us charge the Yankees and let them know - We can shoot them down and over their dead bodies go. - If they contest the ground we will make them feel - That there is some virtue in cold steel; - We will give up our lives our country to save, - We will be freemen or fill bloody graves. - Give them no quarter--we ask for none-- - Shoot them down as fast as they come. - - -CONSERVATIVE SOLDIERS.--The conservative soldier usually possesses -nerve, pluck, humane feeling and a busy brain. He is cool and level -headed and is not thrown off his guard by any sudden changes in his -surrounding. He is generally a good citizen at home, has a sharp -lookout for the betterment of his home and people and carries with him -to the army the same conservatism that distinguishes him as a good -citizens at home. - - A quiet industrious citizen enjoying the comforts of home - Has no disposition a soldier to become, - Unless called upon by his country’s needs and demands, - For the protection of his home and his liberties to stand, - He then takes his place in line in a deliberate way - And not like a fanatic panting for the fray. - He leaves at home property and loved ones to face an invading foe, - Because his country commands him and duty requires him to go; - The best element of an army does not fight for plunder or fame, - Because such soldiers possess courage, nerve, heart and brain. - - - - -CHAPTER VIII. - -CITIZENS VISITING IN CAMP AND THE SICK SOLDIER. - - -THE SICK SOLDIER.--Exposure, irregular and unwholesome diet, constant -changing, uncomfortable lodgings and many other things caused soldiers -to contract diseases which often terminated in death. Notwithstanding -everything was done for the poor sick soldier that could be done under -the circumstances, he missed the affectionate attentions of loved ones -at home. On account of inadequate facilities to furnish the necessary -means the unfortunate victim was often neglected. - - -SURGEON’S CALL.--While in camp every morning at a certain hour -Surgeon’s call was announced by the beating of the drum. Sick soldiers -in camp who were able to walk were required to report to the doctor -for treatment and to be excused from duty. Such as were not too sick -remained in camp and were treated at their tents, and soldiers who -were very sick were sent to a hospital. Soldiers sick in camp generally -received scant sympathy and poor attention. A soldier though who was -known to be faithful in the discharge of duty if unfortunately became -sick was cared for by his friends. - -In every command there were soldiers who were experts in playing off -sick, and of course such were not respected. There was always some -one ready to ridicule the sick squad reporting. When the drums beat -sometimes a wag would cry out. “Come up dead” or “Come up and get your -Dovers powders or Camphor and Opium pills.” Soldiers really sick have -been known to throw away medicine given them and take their chances. - - -SIMPLE MINDED SICK SOLDIER.--In a certain regiment a simple minded -soldier who was really sick would slowly make his way to the doctor’s -tent and when asked “what is your trouble?” he would invariably give -the same answer, “The same old complaint, ‘Sumption.’” The doctor would -excuse him and he would return to his tent, lie down and suffer as much -with homesickness as with the disease itself. - -Many a poor soldier lost his life in camp, in a hospital, on the march -or on the battlefield, who would have rallied from a very slight -indisposition that developed into a fatal disease could he have been -transferred to his home. - - -DESPONDENT, SICK SOLDIER.--After serving in the army for about a year -a soldier was stricken down with a severe spell of sickness and sent -to a hospital to recuperate. Having a horror for hospital life he -plead earnestly with the physician in charge to recommend the issuing -of a furlough for him to return home. He was informed that he was too -weak and must wait until he got able to travel. The next day he told -the doctor that he was getting worse and weaker and plead with him -to allow him to go before the board to meet in a few minutes in the -hospital, but received no encouragement. A few minutes later a message -came summonsing some other sick soldiers in the same room to appear -before the board. He had about given up in despair when another message -came ordering him to report to the board at once. He obeyed the order -without delay, and had scarcely gotten inside of the door when the -chairman said, “Give him fifty days.” He returned home one beautiful -Sunday morning. A good mother saw him slowly approaching the house and -seeing his uniform, it occurred to her that the stranger was a soldier -and for the sake of her own boys in the field she would treat him as -well as she could. Being pale, weak, emaciated, reduced almost to a -skeleton and nearly exhausted, he with difficulty climbed up the steps -that lead up to the door. As soon as he got inside of the door his -mother and sister assisted him to a chair, thinking they were helping -some poor unfortunate soldier unknown to them. Finally they recognized -him but did not know whether to rejoice or weep for it looked very much -like his life was fast ebbing out. In a few weeks he was well again and -returned to the army. - - -VISITING.--Soldiers very much enjoyed a visit from friends at home, and -a visitor after getting in camp and located among the friends he was -especially visiting was regarded as guest of the soldiers and treated -with deference by all he chanced to meet. Soldiers were always ready -for some fun and any incident outside of the common broke the monotony -and gave them a change. Citizens with few exceptions after their first -experience enjoyed a joke even at their expense. If a citizen passed -through camp wearing a long tailed coat or plug hat, some one would -tauntingly cry out, “Come down out of that coat or come out of that -hat, I know you are in there I see your legs,” and the boys would -repeat until the poor fellow got through and of course the citizen felt -relieved when the boys quieted down. The boys meant no disrespect and -the citizens generally took it all good naturedly. - - -PORTLY GENTLEMAN.--At one time a portly gentleman passed through -camp and as soon as he came in sight a soldier cried out, “Here he -comes: and here he comes” was repeated along the line. Finally the old -gentleman chagrined, stopped, pulled off his hat and politely asked -the boys what he had done, they promptly told him that he had stolen -their big bass drum and swallowed it. The good natured old fellow -caught on to the joke and told the boys that their drum should be -returned and he was permitted to pass on enjoying the laugh as much as -any of them. - - -LADY VISITORS.--A lady visiting in the camp always had a refining -influence upon the soldiers who were pleased to have an opportunity to -treat such a visitor as an honored guest. The mere announcement that -lady visitors were expected would cause soldiers to get busy and police -the camp making everything around the tents look tidy and attractive. -The conduct and conversation of the soldiers were always improved by -visits of the ladies. Unfortunately though their visits were few and -far between times. There was in the valley of Virginia a beautiful -young lady who acted as a courier for some of the officers and was said -to sometimes pass through the lines where a man would not be allowed -to go, and to return bringing valuable information. She was a graceful -horseback rider and created a sensation when she rode along the lines. - - - - -CHAPTER IX. - -INCIDENTS OF CAMP AND PRISON LIFE. - - -SOLDIERS IN PRISON.--A soldier belonging to an army in war times -necessarily lives a strenuous life, and if unfortunately captured by -the enemy and has to be incarcerated in prison it makes life to the -average soldier almost unendurable. A soldier obliged to obey strictly -army rules and regulations enforced by officers fighting for the same -cause he is contending for surrenders seemingly about all of his -liberties, but when reduced to the humiliation of having a sentinel -standing over him all of the time to see that he does not violate -orders given by an enemy reduces him to the most abject slavery. Many -Northern and Southern soldiers were captured and placed in prison, -and a judicious and rapid system of exchange of prisoners would have -alleviated much suffering among these poor fellows. - - -EXCHANGE OF PRISONERS.--The Federal authorities perhaps were dilatory -in effecting exchanges because their captured men could be replaced -by others, and they had not only the Northern states but the world to -draw from, and knew the soldiers taken out of line in the Southern army -could not be replaced with others on account of the scarcity of men. - -It is said that everything is fair in war, but the peremptory demands -of war ought not to suppress every vestige of feeling of humanity. An -experience in prison however humiliating that experience may be, cannot -fail to convince anyone that implicit obedience to orders from the -powers that be is the only safeguard as a shelter or protection from -unreasonable punishment. - - -PUNISHMENT.--Severe punishment such as bucking and gagging, hanging -up by the thumbs, walking the beat carrying heavy loads, sometimes -whipping and even shooting, to the death practiced in the army and -prison almost invariably falls to the lot of a soldier who wilfully -disobeys known rules and regulations, but these punishments are -sometimes administered by tyrannical officers, puffed up with a little -brief authority, to gratify their own personal spites and prejudices. -Strict adherence to discipline will nearly always screen the victim -from such suffering. In prison officers may be exacting, but from their -arbitrary rulings there is really no appeal. - - -RATIONS.--Much complaint was made by soldiers in Southern prisons -about the scarcity and quality of rations, perhaps these complaints -in some instances were well founded, for the Southern soldier in camp -or on the march did not have an abundant supply. The same complaint -was made against the Northern prison and it was argued that the -Federal authorities had the means to provide more and had no moral -right to retaliate upon the South for a deficiency in prison that was -unavoidable. Many Southern soldiers in Northern prisons went to bed -of nights and could not sleep on account of being hungry. Prisoners -captured a short time before the surrender of Lee, soon heard of the -surrender, and of the assassination of Lincoln and were frightened by -a report circulated in the prison camp that Southern soldiers would -be kept as hostages and perhaps executed in retaliations for the -assassination of the president. The personal experience of soldiers -incarcerated in the prisons of the late war would make interesting -reading to coming generations but perhaps it is better to let this part -of the history pass into oblivion. Contending armies engaged in battle -would fight to the finish, damaging each other in every honorable way -they could even to extermination, but when a soldier surrendered and -became a prisoner he was treated courteously by his captors on either -side. A soldier that would offer an insult or indignity to a prisoner -was looked upon with contempt and his conduct regarded as cowardly by -his own comrades. - - -CAMP LIFE.--To undertake to portray the multiplicity of phases of -soldier life as exhibited in the Southern army would be a herculean -task from which the stoutest heart, best equipped mind and most -experienced hand would shrink. It is enough for one to record the -doings, transactions, incidents, and reflections drawn from historical -facts connected with the section and army, the one undertaking the -task was familiar with, on account of being present to witness much -that occurred, and in a position to gather items of information from -parties who were eye witnesses. Every day on the march, in camp, on -the battlefield or in prison was replete with thrilling, interesting, -ludicrous or pathetic scenes which were worthy of notice and ought to -be handed down to posterity in a more durable way than by tradition. -Duty, patriotism and an earnest desire to rescue from oblivion much -of the war history ought to appeal to the few old soldiers now living -whose passing from the stage of action must necessarily cut out forever -any chance of a correct history. The certainty that they will soon -be gone ought to be an incentive to induce each one to contribute -his part. An army like our Southern army presents to the mind of the -curious an inviting field for study and investigation. - -In camp the home life of the soldier is clearly delineated and by -associating in the camp soldiers learn more about each other than -anywhere else. - - -SOLDIER ON INSPECTION.--There was in camp a little scrawny fellow that -took the world easy when things went his way, but when he got wrong he -was very much wrong and was at war with everybody and seemed to think -that everybody’s hand was raised against him. He was a faithful, loyal -soldier and would have died rather than play off to screen himself from -a fight. He was always out of clothing, rations, money and everything -that a soldier needed and was out with everyone who would not divide -with him, but was liberal and honest and would pay his debts if it took -his last dollar. At pay day it usually took all he received to pay his -debts and then he was borrowing again. He paid very little attention -to cleanliness, consequently no one cared to tent or bunk with him and -he was often by himself although socially inclined. At such times he -would sing songs sometimes a little smutty and whistle popular airs. -He would say some very harsh things about officers and some of them -very much wished for a chance to get even with him. On one occasion -on inspection, the inspecting officer complained that his gun was not -properly cleaned and ordered him to his quarters, putting on him the -punishment of thirty minutes work cleaning his gun. He returned to his -quarters with the rest of the company, feeling resentful, and with an -oath slammed the gun to the ground, consigning it with the inspector -to a region supposed to be hot and heavily charged with the odor of -sulphur. He gloomily sulked for thirty minutes and in sheer desperation -picked up his gun and reported as ordered to the inspector, expecting -to be sent to the guard house, but was surprised when told by the -officer that his gun looked much better, admonishing him to hereafter -do as the others did and he would not have to do extra work on his gun -and pleasantly excused him. - - -RECRUIT ON GUARD.--On one occasion the officer of the guard around -camp was a young lieutenant who had a very exalted opinion of himself -and was glad of an opportunity to show his authority. One of the -guard was a recruit detailed for the first time to do guard duty. He -had fallen on the third relief and had lain down to rest until his -time came. Nothing unusual occurred the first two hours, but after the -second relief was posted the lieutenant made his rounds and returned -to the camp fire and had a big laugh with the old soldiers present. -He had taken the gun from a timid recruit, had the poor fellow badly -scared and boastingly said that he would take every recruits’ gun that -belonged to the guard. The third relief was placed and the recruit -stationed at his post, walked his beat and kept a sharp lookout, -especially for the lieutenant. Finally he heard the rattle of his -sword as he approached and when he got in challenging distance, said: -“Halt who comes there?” The lieutenant answered: “Friend with the -countersign.” The sentinel then said “Advance friend and give the -countersign.” The officer corrected him saying “Advance friend with -the countersign,” and was briskly walking right up to him. The recruit -quickly brought his gun to the position of charge bayonets, and again -demanded the countersign. He was then almost in bayonet reach, gave the -countersign and expecting to throw the sentinel off his guard, made -a movement as if to pass on but really intended to take his gun. The -sentinel made him pass around him at a distance not in bayonet reach -which he did without further parley. After he had passed he said, “If -you don’t mind you will get in the guard house.” The recruit replied -saying, “I know my duty,” but was getting some thrilling experience -while being initiated. - - -AN ECONOMICAL SOLDIER.--A quiet careful soldier for several days saved -of his rations scraps of beef and scrapings of flour until he collected -enough to make a beef pie which was regarded as a luxury in camp. - - The pie was nicely made and spicely cooked, - And the boys at it greedily looked; - The soldier happy with a broad grin - Commenced taking the rich pie in. - Near by in the crowd was a hungry boy looking about - As if he could breed a famine and starve it out; - He stood the test for a little while - Then stepped up to the soldier on his face a smile - Saying, “If you please I would like your pie to taste;” - “Help Yourself” said the soldier with very good grace. - For a second invitation he did not wait - But commenced eating pie at a rapid rate, - At last he suddenly quit eating and said with a sigh, - I guess I have taken enough of your pie. - “Have some more” said the soldier polite as could be; - The boy said, “Thank you, if you insist I will--it tastes good to me,” - The hungry boy hung on while others stood by - And saw the two together finish eating the pie. - - -A SOLDIER’S RETORT.--On the Maryland march on account of marching -for many consecutive days, soldiers were ragged, dirty and some of -them barefooted. An army in such a plight does not present a very -attractive appearance. In the column was a brave, faithful soldier -always ready to fight to the finish. He had just passed through a -series of battles and looked very much worsted, wearing old clothes -and limping on account of old shoes making his feet sore. The army was -marching through a town whose inhabitants were of very decided Union -proclivities. A crowd of pretty, well dressed ladies were conspicuously -standing on the sidewalk, indulging in cutting remarks, using such -expressions as rebel and traitor very freely. One of them pointed -out this uncouth looking soldier saying, “Look at that ragged, dirty -rebel.” He coolly retorted looking her in the eye saying, “Madam, we -always put on our old clothes when we go out to kill hogs.” His retort -was not very courteous, but it put a quietus on the use of any further -uncomplimentary remarks. The soldiers were usually treated very nicely -by the ladies, even when invading the enemy’s territory, and were in -turn as courteous as could be. - - -A BOISTEROUS SOLDIER.--In camp there was a boisterous fellow whose -early education and training had been very much neglected, and although -illiterate he was fully convinced that he was a man of considerable -importance. His quaint sayings and doings furnished no small amount -of amusement for the officers and men. He did not mean to exaggerate -but apparently looked at things through magnifying glasses. He was a -fearless, brave soldier and was never happier than when called upon -by an officer to perform some task. He did not hesitate to go or try -to go anywhere his commanders ordered or requested him to go. On one -occasion he was detailed as a picket to reconnoiter and ascertain some -points about the position and strength of the enemy’s forces. Under the -direction of the officer in command of the picket line, he with others -stealthily approached as near as possible to the enemy’s line to get -the desired information. In their eagerness they crossed the danger -line and were saluted with a volley of shot and shell and of course -were obliged to hastily retreat. The soldier came rushing back to camp -puffing and blowing, burdened with the weight of responsibility that -had been entrusted to him and hurried up to the colonel’s headquarters -to report the result of the investigation. The colonel listened to him -attentively while he excitedly gave his report and seriously asked his -opinion about the strength of the enemy’s force. With forceful gestures -and placing strong emphasis on his answer he replied: “About two -hundred thousand!” The colonel amused at his estimate of the enemy’s -strength, and his earnestness in reporting, respectfully thanked him -and excused him. The same soldier incensed at his brother, seventeen -years old, joining the army wished with an oath that the boy would -get killed in the very first engagement he got in. In a few days -the command got in a fight and the poor boy was killed. The wish was -thoughtlessly made and the soldier felt sorry for the fate of his -brother. One day glibly talking to the boys he pointed out a place on -his arm and expressed the wish that a minnie ball would strike him -there the next battle he got in and the bone would have to be resected -so he could get on the retired list. In the very next fight a minnie -ball struck the identical place pointed out and the bone had to be -resected. He could have been placed on the retired list, but preferred -to remain in service. - - -RECRUIT DETAILED.--Early one morning a recruit who had just been -enrolled, while he was at breakfast, was informed by the sergeant -that he was on guard for the day and told to report at once to the -colonel’s headquarters. Very much to the amusement of the old soldiers -he replied: “All right, wait till I eat a bite” and leisurely finished -his breakfast, prepared for duty and reported to headquarters without -realizing that he had subjected himself to the danger of being -disciplined for not at once reporting. - -It was very embarrassing to recruits especially when joining a command -already in the service. A recruit reporting for duty was dazed at the -array of stripes, bars, stars and wreaths, being assigned to a certain -regiment was asked if he had any reason to give for being assigned to -any special company, stammeringly replied that he had a second company -in cousin I. The boys laughed at his mistake, but the officers kindly -let him join the company of his choice. - - - - -CHAPTER X. - -PICKET LINES, BATTLES AND BATTLEFIELDS. - - -PICKET LINES. - - A soldier placed on the picket line - Has a responsible duty to him assigned; - To perform this duty with judgment and skill - Requires nerve, pluck, brain and deliberate will. - He protects the main army back in the rear, - And watches each movement with trembling and fear; - If the enemy makes a hostile move he does not run - But warns his friends in the rear by firing his gun. - Then the pickets exchange some hasty shots, - Fall back in line and things get hot. - - -PICKET OR SCOUT.--Different phases of soldier life have been partially -explained, but the elements that enter into the make up or the -varied experience of the successful sharpshooter or scout are beyond -description. Take the foremost soldier in the army whose energy, pluck -and daring deeds of valor have aided him in forging his way to the -front, then add all the nerve, fearlessness, disregard of danger, -determination to surmount all obstacles and you get only a faint idea -of the sturdy firm, intrepid picket or scout, looking not for trouble -but for adventure. History often records raids made by such dashing -leaders as Jackson, Stuart, Morgan or leaders of that character with -picked men. Such leaders select from different commands men who have -passed through firey ordeals and have been weighed in the balance and -found not wanting. With such soldiers wonderful victories have been -achieved that would have been failures with a different class of men. -The common soldier on the skirmish line however courageous he may be -finds himself facing a problem that calls into play some traits of the -soldier that he does not possess. The picket lines were often very -close together, sometimes on friendly terms and sometimes hostile to -each other. - - -ON THE PICKET LINE.--In the night time the lines have been near enough -to hear pickets in the opposite line talking in a low tone, but usually -the lines were further apart. A very slight demonstration on the picket -line sometimes precipitated a fight. The sentinels on the lines of -the two armies were at one time respectively walking their beats on -opposite sides of the Rapahannock river in plain view of each other. -A sentinel on post on one of the lines playfully pointed his gun at -the sentinel on post opposite him on the other side and was at once -shot at by the sentinel, who took the matter seriously. There was -something doing along the line for a little while but the situation -was soon understood, the excitement subsided and the sentinels resumed -their places, walking their beats but refrained from quite so much -familiarity. - - -EXCHANGE OF COURTESIES.--Sentinels on post on the picket lines -representing the opposing armies often exchanged courtesies and -greetings and on the sly met between the lines, exchanged daily papers, -swapped tobacco for coffee, had a pleasant chat with each other and -returned to their respective posts with the kindliest feelings. The -following lines demonstrate or illustrate the friendly feeling that -prevailed among the soldiers of the two opposing armies. - - “Good morning: Johnnie. Good morning Pat,” - Come across and we will have a social chat - We can be friendly loyal and true, - Although I wear the grey and you the blue. - I feel somewhat lonely walking my beat, - And to visit you would be quite a treat. - I will pledge my word upon the honor of a man - That I will come half way and treat you well as I can. - Your proposal seems very fair to me - Let us meet in the shade of that old oak tree. - The sentinels moved forward not in battle array, - But approached each other in a friendly way. - In consequence of the vigorous exercise walking their beats - They were much fatigued suffering with heat - Johnnie’s canteen was full of water cool as could be - Which he shared with Pat in the shade of the tree. - Pat smiling said it tastes like water from the lake - Away up North in Michigan State. - Then said in my canteen is some of the elixir of life - That will make us forget our sorrows and strife. - Will you not a little bit of it take - As Paul would say for your stomach sake, - Johnnie said thank you holding out an empty tin cup, - Which they filled with Southern water Northern sugar and other stuff, - Then of the mixture each one took a sup - Drinking out of the same tin cup, - It tasted pleasant and they repeated the dose - ’Till they both felt gay and very jocose. - Finally conversation in a confidential channel did run - They talked of their home life both anxious to return, - Pat said he had a wife and children at his home near the lake - That were anxiously looking for him wishing for the war to break. - Johnnie showed the picture of a sweet looking girl, - That he declared was the sweetest best girl in the world, - Saying she lives in a cottage among the hills in a North Carolina home. - And will be true to me until I return. - When this cruel war is over I will be by her side - And claim a fulfillment of her promise to be my bride, - They were talking confidentially in this beautiful strain, - Commenting on their loved ones again and again. - Suddenly they heard the report of a signal gun - And to their respective posts did quickly run. - After the signal gun fired in a very short time - There was brisk firing all along the picket line. - At these two posts firing was rapid and sharp, - But the aim was above or below the mark, - Finally the pickets were ordered to fall back, - The two waved hands saying, “Good-bye Johnnie, Good-bye Pat.” - - -FEARFUL EXPERIENCE.--During the time of the engagements in the -wilderness a soldier on the picket line one night had a fearful -experience. The lines were very close and the sentinels on post had -strict orders to walk their beats, keep a sharp lookout and let no -one approach or cross the line without giving the countersign. It was -very dark and the thick underbrush made the darkness more dense. The -officers making their rounds were embarrassed not knowing how soon they -might march into the enemy’s lines. The sentinel quietly walking his -beat heard a soldier approaching and soon as he came near enough in as -low a tone as possible challenged him and asked for the countersign. -The soldier approaching apparently like the soldier on post was -uncertain whether he was in the presence of a friend or an enemy. In -an evasive way they made inquiries with a view of ascertaining each -others identity. Each one was afraid to fire on the other fearing -he would be firing on a friend instead of an enemy, knowing too that -the least disturbance would precipitate a movement of both armies and -perhaps cause a battle which in the darkness would have been horrible -to contemplate. Without understanding their true relationship to each -other, they simultaneously turned and walked in opposite directions and -to this day the soldier does not know whether he challenged a friend or -a foe. - - -BURNED BODIES OF THE DEAD.--To augment the horrors of the Wilderness -battles a fire broke out immediately following the retreat of the enemy -in an engagement and swept over the battlefield before the dead could -be moved. The picket line reconnoitering moving forward to discover -the position taken by the retreating army was obliged to run over the -crisp burned bodies of Yankee soldiers lying dead on the field. It was -an awful sight illustrating the horrors of war. The soldiers on the -picket line in consequence of the heat, smoke and stench were very -nearly overcome and were driven to the extreme necessity of drinking -the turbid waters of a ditch where dead bodies of Yankee soldiers were -lying very close. - - -TEST OF VALOR.--On the skirmish line was the place to test the real -powers of the soldier. In the Southern army were plain unassuming men, -without reward or the hope of reward, or even realizing that they -were doing anything extraordinary, that performed deeds of daring that -stamped them as heroes of the highest type. - - -ESCAPE OF THE ENEMY.--Near the close of the war an inducement was -offered by the Yankees to dissatisfied Southern soldiers to pass -through the lines, and occasionally a sentinel would leave his post -and with his gun and equipments make a dash for the lines on the other -side. As he approached the picket post on the other side the Yankee -sentinel would call out, “Come in Johnnie.” A few soldiers escaped -sometimes under the fire of sentinels at contiguous posts. While a few -citizens and soldiers crossed over the line but few joined the Northern -army. - - -WELCOME PEACE.--Soldiers on both sides were tired of war and welcomed -the treaty of peace, and were glad to return to their homes and again -engage in the quiet peaceful pursuits of life. - - Four years of exposure suffering and strife - Ruined many a home and many a life, - At the end of the war many soldiers brave - Were peacefully sleeping in heroes graves. - - -ON THE WARPATH.--The campaigns of the civil war were generally -vigorously prosecuted in warm weather. In the good old Summer time -soldiers slept on blankets thrown on the ground with nothing but the -canopy of heaven as a covering, and then if they received marching -orders the boys had nothing to do but to take up their beds and walk at -quick step or if in case of urgent necessity at double quick time. - -Often while sweetly sleeping not disturbed by the fear of Yankees -or anything else, the drum would beat and soldiers would be aroused -from sleep and then there would be something doing, and very soon the -command would be moving. - - Though densely dark with no moon or star light, - The Southern boys were always ready for fight; - Although the Yankees did their methods despise, - They pounced upon them and took them by surprise. - - -UNRELIABLE SOLDIERS.--On the warpath the artful skulker did clever -maneuvering worthy of a better cause to sustain his position that for -plausible reasons he ought to be an immune and not required to join at -the critical time when the battle was on. - - Soldiers destitute of principle, morals or brain - Upon the fair name of an army cast a stain. - An army made up of figureheads, thugs and bums, - To an intelligent force is obliged to succumb, - -Fortunately the Southern army did not have many of this class, and the -few placed as they were among soldiers disposed to do their duty, were -obliged to take their places in line. - - -MUSIC IN BATTLE.--Before the beginning of hostilities the average -citizens were under the impression that soldiers marched into battle -to the tune of martial music and to cheer them on the drums would beat -and the bands play, but soldiers’ first experience convinced them that -a very different kind of music prevailed. It was the terrific sound of -bursting shells, the hateful, hissing, singing of minnie balls, mingled -with commands of officers occasionally heard above the din, and the -screams and groans of wounded and dying soldiers crying for help and -calling for water to quench their burning thirst. - -Instead of selecting a certain soldier in the enemy’s line as a target -to shoot at, a soldier merely leveled his gun and fired at the line of -battle of the enemy, dimly seen through the smoke and dust, then loaded -his gun with another cartridge and repeated. In a hotly contested fight -soldiers often shot fifty rounds of cartridges and their guns got so -hot that they could scarcely grasp them with their hands. - - -BATTLES.--A succession of battles is by no means a monotonous -repetition. Each battle has its peculiar phases. A battle is often -an exhibition of the artistic skill of officers in arranging and -maneuvering, and of men carefully executing, and may be a trial of -physical endurance and the well trained handling of the weapons of -warfare used. In any event a battle is a spectacular scene imposing and -grand. - -Opposing armies, on the warpath, require but little provocation to -induce them to get up a rumpus. Battles are by no means precipitated -in a uniform cut and dried way, but are brought about in as many ways -as there are battles fought. A single shot fired by a picket from his -post may cause the picket lines to exchange shots and fall back, and -the commands represented by them to settle the disturbance by engaging -in a battle. Cavalrymen sometimes make a raid and start a fight into -which the entire armies are drawn. Cannonading is a very common way -to start a fight. Sometimes a command is surprised by a detachment -from the opposite army and a battle ensues, and sometimes the armies -come together apparently without any preconcerted plan on either side, -simultaneously line up and get busy, with their work of carnage. - -On the battlefield soldier life is delineated in its most revolting -phase. Two contending armies present a spectacle grand and awful to -contemplate. The surging masses of human beings intent on each others -destruction with the death dealing artillery with its terrific roar -and the more destructive missiles of small armies with their hateful -hissing sounds, together with the deafening cheers of the moving -armies, and the heartrending screams and moans of the wounded and dying -make the scene agonizing to the extreme. Two contending armies engaged -in battle present to the eye of the beholder an indescribable panorama. - - Two contending: armies aligned for a fight - Present to the eye an imposing-sight, - - When the pickets begin to exchange their shots, - The battle is on and soon gets hot. - - With terrific noise of destructive shells - And hissing minnie balls and soldiers’ yells, - - Such noise and confusion make a stunning din, - And in the smoke of battle there is a contest to win - - The lines firm and steady throughout their length, - With stubborn persistence measure their strength. - - Officers and men artful tactics display - Until one of the lines is forced to give way, - - Charge after charge, Greek meets Greek, - The two contending armies in deadly strife meet. - - The powers of the soldier both sides feel - As they force their way with steel against steel, - - Or perchance one line or the other overpowered gives way, - And the contest is ended, the victors win the day. - - The vanquished sometimes eager to be freed - Run for their lives in a disgraceful stampede. - - -BATTLE FIELDS.--Nature in some places has provided spots of ground -that answer the purpose of belligerent armies where one line has the -advantage of protection or shelter from the onslaughts of the other. -Where grounds have been selected not affording safe protection against -the invading force, soldiers are subjected to hard work throwing up -breastworks, digging intrenchments or placing abatis to entangle -the advancing army so as to detain it and shoot down the soldiers -while extricating themselves from the entanglement. Every device or -subterfuge that the fertile brain or imagination of man can discover -or invent is called into requisition to give an advantage considered -honorable in war. Sometimes though contending armies meet in open field -in plain view of each other and fight to the finish and retire from the -field leaving there a harrowing scene of suffering and destruction. -Sometimes soldiers engage in hand to hand encounters, display physical -force, power of endurance, and their expertness in handling the weapons -of warfare, sustained by indomitable courage and stubborn willpower. - - -AFTER THE BATTLE.--The heat and excitement of the battle having -subsided and the smoke cleared away, the battlefield presents a -harrowing scene that beggars description. The grim monster death -having done its terrible work leaves its impress on the faces of its -unfortunate victims. Passion, determination and conflicting emotions -plainly stamped on the faces of the victims now wrapt in the cold -embrace of death. - - After the battle is over a survey of the field - Will melt a heart as hard as steel; - - The wounded with heartrending screams and moans - And pitiful calls for loved ones at home, - - Appeal to the sympathies causing one to grieve, - On account of being powerless the victims to relieve, - - A quiet look at the faces of the dead - Fills ones soul with horror and dread. - - - - -CHAPTER XI. - -FOURTEENTH REGIMENT NORTH CAROLINA INFANTRY AND GENERAL OFFICERS OF THE -ARMY OF NORTHERN VA. - - -FOURTEENTH N. C. REGIMENT.-- - - The beginning of the war was to some a surprise, - But the old Fourteenth at once organized; - - The regiment marched to the front along with the first. - And was on the front line when shells began to burst. - - It was composed of ten companies of stalwart men, - Who were determined with the enemy to contend; - - At Seven Pines and battles below Richmond to Malvern Hill, - The regiment fought with a determined will, - - Many of the men gallant and brave - On these battle fields filled bloody graves, - - Receiving recruits the regiment again took a start, - Displaying courage and endurance on the Maryland march, - - Near Sharpsburg the regiment was in an old road aligned, - And fought the Yankees advancing in three lines; - - The boys were conspicuous at the Wilderness, Chancellorsville and Mine Run - And at Spotsylvania and Gettysburg handled their guns, - - In the thickest of the fight the regiment would be, - Fought to the finish and surrendered with Lee, - -While not pretending to write the history of any special command, the -writer belonged to Co. B. 14th Regiment N. C. Infantry which accounts -for a casual reference to the regiment in these sketches. The regiment -was composed of the following companies--all North Carolinians: - - Company A, Halifax County - ” B, Davidson ” - ” C, Anson ” - ” D, Cleveland ” - ” E, Wake ” - ” F, Buncombe ” - ” G, Rockingham ” - ” H, Stanley ” - ” I, Davidson ” - ” K, Wake ” - - -COMPANY OFFICERS.--Company B, of which I was a member was made up at -Thomasville and the immediate surrounding country. The company was -at first commanded by Capt. Miller, but when the company reorganized -J. H. Lambeth was elected captain, S. Hepler first lieutenant, C. -P. Jones second lieutenant and Alex Leach third lieutenant. Captain -Lambeth was promoted to the position of major and served in that -capacity, until the close of the war. Lieutenant Hepler was wounded -at Sharpsburg, lost an arm and was not with the company very much -afterward. To fill a vacancy M. H. Cross was elected lieutenant. -Lieutenant Jones was killed in battle, Lieutenant Leach’s health failed -in consequence of which he was absent a great deal of the time and -the command of the company devolved upon Lieutenant Cross. Neither -of the lieutenants were promoted to the captaincy. The regiment was -at first commanded by Colonel Daniel, Lieutenant Colonel Lovejoy, -Major Faison and Adjutant Seaton Gales. When the regiment reorganized -Roberts was elected colonel, Bennett lieutenant colonel, Dixon major, -and Marshall adjutant. Roberts and Dixon died and Bennett became -colonel. Johnson lieutenant colonel and J. H. Lambeth major. Rev. -Powers was chaplain all the time. The 2nd, 4th, 14th, 30th and 1st and -3rd consolidated--all N. C. regiments composed a brigade commanded -by Pemberton, Colston, Anderson, Ramseur and Cox consecutively. The -brigade belonged to a Division, commanded by D. H. Hill, Rodes and -Grimes consecutively. The regiment served through the war and was under -the invincible Jackson until his death and was proud of the distinction -of being in an army commanded by the immortal Lee. - - -UNIQUE CHARACTERS.--In every command there are unique characters, -and the Fourteenth was by no means an exception to the general rule, -for in the regiment were members noted for varied peculiarities or -eccentricities. Surviving soldiers of the regiment will pleasantly -remember Webb of Co. A and Crow of Co. K, Charlie Hall of Co. B and Lee -of Co. G. - -There were two great big fellows in the regiment that did not look -hungry but a double daily ration had no charms for them. Their names -were Sergeant Rawly of Co. G and Lieutenant Mitchell of Co. E. - - -A BRAVE SOLDIER.--At South Mountain the regiment was exposed to a -shower of minnie balls, and was located at the foot of a hill in a -thicket of sprouts, weeds and briers. A call was made for a volunteer -to carry a message through the thick underbrush. In Co. B was an -obscure soldier named Morgan considered a kind of a go easy good for -nothing kind of a fellow, although barefooted he at once responded and -stepped to the front to perform the task without considering it to be -a perilous brave undertaking. He was sustained by nerve and pluck that -stamped him as a brave man worthy of admiration. - - -COLOR BEARER.--Bennett Russell color bearer of the regiment, who -carried the colors in many hard fought battles, though not a -commissioned officer deserves honorable mention. Although illiterate, -unassuming in manners, plain and not preposessing in appearance. - - He was noble, generous and brave, - And imperiled his life his country to save. - - -AMUSING SCENES.--The wit or humorist was there to contribute his -enlivening influence to vary the sometimes sombre or gloomy conditions -existing in the camp. Sometimes ludicrous incidents would occur to -excite laughter and amusement even when danger was threateningly near. -Imagine soldiers running for life to keep from being captured and -thinking themselves out of danger, swearing that they would not move -another inch if the entire Yankee army pounced down upon them, and a -few shells burst throwing dirt upon them and hissing singing minnie -balls like swarms of bees humming uncomfortably near them, then think -how soon they forget their decided resolution to discontinue running, -start again and fairly burn the wind until again out of harms way. To -one looking on, it is amusing to see the movements and afterwards to -hear their quaint sayings. To the participants it is anything else but -funny, but after it is all over they laugh about it and joke and jeer -each other unmercifully. - -In the campaign in the valley the Rebels ran the Yankees many a time, -and occasionally their speed was very much accelerated by their being -in front and the Yankees keeping up close in the rear, and treating -them to volleys of shot and shell. - - -ON THE CAMPAIGN.--The regiment was conspicuous in the battles of -Williamsburg, Seven Pines, through the battles below Richmond to -Malvern Hill. After coming out of this strenuous campaign the regiment -very much worsted by exposure, disease and loss of killed, wounded and -missing in battle went into camp near Richmond and rested awhile. Many -of its gallant officers and men had fallen to rise no more, and others -were sick or wounded in the hospitals or at home on furlough. Recruits -came to take the places of the absent ones, and very soon the regiment -with the command started on the famous march to Maryland. The regiment -passed through the battlefield of the second Manassas fight and a -gruesome, sickening sight presented itself. - - -DISTRESSING SCENES.--Dead bodies of Yankee soldiers were strewn thickly -over the field, that in the hasty retreat of the Yankee army and -pursuit of the Southern forces, were left unburied on the field. The -boys endured exposures and hardships galore and many of them had to -succumb. It was necessary to enforce rigid discipline which under the -circumstances was a difficult matter. Many hardships had to be endured -that were apparently unfair and uncalled for but the demands of war -are imperative and must be submitted to. Soldiers in the ranks and -officers in command were compelled to witness distressing scenes, and -were powerless to render assistance to the suffering and dying. On the -march soldiers exhausted fell out of ranks sometimes when there were -no facilities to provide for them, were obliged to take their chances -and often lost their lives for want of attention. On the battlefield -the surging masses intent on the destruction of each other had no -time to give to personal friends however near and dear they might be. -Distressing scenes were witnessed and assistance given when possible to -do so. Sometimes near friends or even brothers were shot down in battle -and the demands so urgent to move forward that the poor dying comrade -had to die without being permitted to listen to the voice of a friend -to comfort him while passing to the unknown land. On two occasions -the Fourteenth was called out to witness the execution of some poor -soldiers belonging to the army pay the penalty of desertion. It is -heartrending to see a comrade shot down in the heat of battle, but it -is a more distressing scene to see a soldier shot at the stake. - - -BATTLES ENGAGED IN.--At Sharpsburg the regiment was aligned in an old -road near the village and fought the Yankees advancing in three lines -of battle. The regiment was cut to pieces and many were killed, wounded -or missing. The regiment also figured conspicuously in the battles of -Gettysburg, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Wilderness, Hatchers Run, -Winchester, Mine Run, Cedar Creek and many other battles and skirmishes -down to the surrender at Apomattox. - - -VICTORY AND DEFEAT.--At Cedar Creek the Fourteenth in one day -experienced the exultation of victory and the humiliation of defeat. -The following lines give a partial description of the exciting -transactions of the day: - - Just after dark an order came - To fall in line and answer to our names; - - An order then came to move without delay, - And very soon we were marching on the way. - - Around the hill our line was strung, - There was no blowing of the fife or beating of the drum, - - An order in a whisper came down the line - That no one must talk even in a whisper at any time. - - We marched all night with scarcely a stop - So still we could have heard a pencil drop; - - We were marching on to a certain doom, - Destined to engage in a battle very soon. - - Far to the right we heard the report of a signal gun - And to the left the report of another one, - - In front we saw the flash and heard the report of a gun, - And was ordered to move forward in a run. - - Forward double quick march was the cry, - And the surprised Yankees did swiftly fly; - - They were in their tents their breakfasts cooking - And were by no means for the Rebels looking; - - They left meat and vegetables cooking in the pot - And cans of coffee smoking hot. - - When they heard the familiar Rebel Yell - There was not one left the tale to tell; - - We captured wagon trains, ammunition and men, - Drove prisoners to the rear and put them in a pen, - - It was fun to see the Yankees run, - And we hurried them on by firing our guns. - - We emptied our cartridge boxes of fifty rounds; - The continued firing made the hills resound, - - We ran the Yankees down and pulled them in, - And the way we captured prisoners was a sin, - - It is said it is a long lane that has no turning, - And we finally got to the end of our journey, - - The enemy was reenforced by another command, - Then we turned and run and raised the sand. - - For five long miles under shot and shell - For real swift running we made it tell, - - Finally the sun went down and darkness came - And the Yankees ceased their fiery flame. - - The armies scattered, ran to and fro, - Not knowing how or where to go, - - The enemy halted in the darkness of the night - And our scattered forces continued the flight. - - In our hasty retreat we lost in our flight - All we had gained in the morning fight. - - The surprise was successful and our victory complete, - If we had been able the prisoners guns and wagon trains to keep. - - Fortunes are made and lost in a day, - And battles sometimes won and lost in the same time and way. - - After the battle was over we had cause to weep, - And regretted meeting the enemy at Cedar Creek. - - -DECISIVE BATTLE.--At Gettysburg perhaps a battle which was the turning -point of the war, the elements seemed to be a lurid flame of fire, so -desperate was the conflict and so hot and appalling the work of death -and destruction. The machinery of warfare seemed to be turned loose -and its operators proud of the distinction of handling it in such an -effective manner, enabling it to do its deadly work. - - -THE ENEMY SURPRISED.--One sultry morning marching orders were received -and the Fourteenth in column with other portions of the command, for -hours marched at quicktime, and sometimes double-quicking. Men overcome -with heat fainted by the wayside, but positive orders to continue -the march were rigidly enforced. Late in the evening the enemy was -surprised and attacked in the rear and a fight ensued beginning the -Chancellorsville engagements. - - -BATTLE AT CHANCELLORSVILLE.--After dark Jackson and his staff rode -through a piece of woods and was fired upon by his own men, obeying -his own orders, receiving a wound which was the indirect cause of -his death. The soldiers in the regiment distinctly heard the volley -that caused the death of their loved commander. It is said that Lee -seriously remarked upon the death of Jackson that it was a loss of his -right arm. When the fatal shot was fired and Jackson received the death -blow, the hopes of the Confederacy began to wane. General Stewart was -put in command in Jackson’s place and the next day a hotly contested -battle was fought. After being engaged in the battle several hours we -were relieved and orderly falling back. The general came along and -thinking there was a stampede ordered the forces back to the front. -Col. Bennett said to him, “Gen. Stewart we have been relieved by the -Stonewall brigade” adding “I have the most gallant regiment in the -field.” The general then said, “I beg ten thousand pardons” and moved -on leaving the impression on the minds of the soldiers that he was a -chivalrous brave commander. After we had gotten to the foot of the hill -Gen. Ramseur undertook to congratulate the men but was so overcome -with emotion that he said he could not talk. Col. Bennett came to the -rescue saying “I can talk” and in a stentorian tone began to praise the -men. He was cheered to the echo and the surrounding hills and valleys -resounded with the Rebel Yell. - - -AT APOMATTOX.--The gallant Fourteenth was a fighting regiment and -fought to the finish. At Apomattox though it did not retain the -appearance of its former glory. But few of the tried and true were left -to see for the last time the immortal Lee and with tears in their eyes -hear his farewell address. The regiment broke ranks and turned their -faces southward glad to return to their homes and loved ones, but sad -at the thought of the humiliation of defeat and uncertain about how -they would be treated by their conquerors. - - -GENERAL OFFICERS.--The short sketch of the few officers of the army of -Northern Virginia who were distinguished for their generalship, heroism -and bravery could be continued by the addition of other names equally -as brave and equally as famous. Scores of them who wore the stars or -bars did many acts of daring and gained many victories by their good -judgment, cool and deliberate maneuvering, but we must not forget the -rank and file for upon the private soldiers the heavy burden fell, and -they usually responded in a manner entirely satisfactory. Honor is due -to the brave men in the ranks who were prompted by duty alone and who -fought so gallantly without reward or the hope of reward. - - -GENERAL COX was a young man and as an officer presented a fine -appearance, dressed up to date and one not familiar with his ways -would come to the conclusion that he was vain or selfconceited, but -seeing him in the performance of duty in his every day soldier life -would dispel any such illusion. He set an example of neatness, and his -military bearing was not put on but natural. His nature and disposition -were generous, and he looked after the welfare of the men under him and -was not tyrannical in his discipline. When the time came for action -he did not think of soiling his clothes but entered into the thickest -of the fight and unwaveringly stayed with his command and fought to -the finish. He survived the war and has figured conspicuously in the -management of affairs to perpetuate good government and the enforcement -of the law as a just judge on the bench. - - -GENERAL GRIMES by the casual observer, would not have been selected -from a crowd of officers as a man of extraordinary ability or above the -average as a military commander. Though plain and unassuming he was -a soldier of fighting proclivities and his shrill, clear, fine voice -heard above the din common in the beginning of an engagement was an -inspiration to his men. He was the hero of many battles and lived to -witness the closing scenes of the war and near his home was the victim -of assassination from ambush by parties lying concealed waiting for him. - - -GENERAL RAMSUER was impetuous, impatient, aggressive and by some -regarded as foolhardy. If fighting was going on he was not satisfied -if he was not permitted to take a hand. He has been known to ride -between our own and the enemy’s picket lines apparently insensible of -danger, and at a time too when a fight was momentarily expected. He was -known and acknowledged as a fighter and his men followed him without -questioning the expediency of his movements. He was tender-hearted to -the extreme and in the presence of his men has been seen to break down -and weep like a child, verifying the old adage that “The brave are -tender-hearted.” - - -GENERAL RODES was an officer having a commanding appearance. Decision -of character was plainly depicted upon his countenance. It is often -said that a man’s face is an index to his character. The casual -observer looking into the face of the general could not fail to see -stamped there a plain indication of a generous disposition. His cordial -and lovable disposition drew men to him, and his deportment in battle -stamped him as a fearless brave soldier. Cool and collected as he was -in battle, in the engagement in which he was killed just before he -was slain he seemed to be excited as if he had a premonition of his -impending doom, but his sun set in a halo of glory and his name will go -down in history as a hero. - - -GENERAL D. H. HILL, was a brave commander, had a tender regard for -the welfare of his men and being of a humane disposition looked after -minor details that the most of officers of his rank left entirely to -subordinates. At one time on a march he discovered that many of the -men were barefooted and their feet sore--some of them bleeding. He was -powerless to furnish shoes and issued an order for the soldiers to make -shoes out of rawhides. The order was given with a view of ameliorating -the condition of the men and really did to some extent, but was not -received by the men in the same spirit it was given and they in -ridicule named him “Rawhide.” He was held in high esteem by his men, -and they admired his fighting qualities. In battle he was firm as an -unshaken rock, and the boys said that not a muscle would quiver even -when shells were bursting around him and bullets were cutting close. - - -GENERAL A. P. HILL was a peer of the bravest and most successful -general officers of his rank who were co-workers with him in the -army of Northern Virginia. He commanded with judgment; maneuvered -and executed with skill and proved himself worthy of the position he -occupied. In the hour of danger he did not waver and in the heat of -battle stood firmly with his men. - - -GENERAL EWELL was a little, scrawny, weakly looking fellow but a -fighter with a reputation. He succeeded Jackson in command and while -he did not claim to be his equal. The mantle of the famous general -fell upon a worthy one, who did not degrade but kept the command -up to a respectable standard. In an engagement when perhaps many a -commanding officer would have been far enough to the rear to have -protected himself, he was wounded and in consequence of the wound had -to submit to an operation and had his leg amputated, but did not make -his misfortune an excuse to retire from service, but remained with his -command and fought to the finish. - - -GENERAL EARLY was regarded as rather eccentric, and acquired a -reputation for gaining many battles and losing out in the end. After -bagging his game he seemed not to have the ability to retain it. On one -occasion after driving the Yankees unceremoniously from their position -he passed along and familiarly said to the soldiers, “Boys you walloped -it to ’em this time.” For many weeks he kept his command on the run -either in hot pursuit of the Yankees or running in a stampede from -them. He kept the Yankees in constant dread and did some very effective -work as a commanding officer. - - -GENERAL STUART was a dashy cavalry general and when he went on the -warpath there was something doing. He with other cavalry officers, such -as Hampton, Mosby, Imboden and others terrorized the Yankees and often -made them hit the grit and burn the wind to get out of the way. The -cavalry force under his leadership very materially assisted the main -army in successfully carrying out its plans on the campaign. General -Stuart took Jackson’s place at Chancellorsville, and successfully -prosecuted the engagement that occurred the day after Jackson’s -unfortunate adventure while riding along the lines, resulting in his -serious wound that disabled him and finally caused his death. He was a -fine looking man and a gallant commanding officer and lost his life in -a cavalry engagement at the Yellow Tavern. - - -GENERAL LONGSTREET held a high position among the officers of the -army, and in its counsels his fine military mind exerted an influence -towards shaping aggressive campaigns. His command did some hard and -effective fighting. Wherever the tramp of the soldiers in his corps was -heard, Southern soldiers were encouraged and the Federal troops terror -stricken. The Yankees learned of his name and fame and feared him -accordingly. - - -GENERAL BRECKENRIDGE was tall symmetrical and impressed one in his -presence with his attractive personality. He belonged to a leading -Kentucky family and was in the war prompted by a sense of duty and -loyalty to his country. He was a leading factor in the counsels of the -officers in shaping the character of the military movements. - - -GENERAL GORDON was a fair type of the Southern gentleman, and his -very appearance indicated soldier qualities of a high order. He was -an educated man and his literary attainments gave him prominence in -the counsels of war held by the general officers. In prosecuting -military movements he called into requisition his fine military talent, -experience, good judgment and discretion. After the war he became -distinguished for his eloquence and became a fine platform lecturer. - - -GENERAL WHEELER, better known as fighting Jo Wheeler, a good portion -of the time had his headquarters in his saddle, and his command was -expert horseback riders. With his boys he was in his proper element -when chastising the Yankees. It was said that he slipped upon their -blind side and it seemed that all sides were blind for he was liable to -attack them from any point of the compass, and his raids were a great -help to the main army. His command returning home after the surrender -was followed by a gang of looters that stole horses and committed other -depredations claiming to be Wheeler’s men. General Wheeler figured -conspicuously in the Spanish-Cuban war retaining in his old age his -fire and courage as a soldier. - - -GENERAL JACKSON was a military chieftain whose equal in his special -line or plan of conducting a campaign could not be found in the army. -He never tried to evade a battle when it was in the interest of the -cause he represented to fight, but by his dashing movements often -accomplished by strategy victories that could not have been achieved -in battle. He was loved by officers and men in his command, and they -placed implicit confidence in him. His name and presence cheered them -on to deeds of valor, and the mere rumor in the camp of the enemy that -Jackson was coming made officers and soldiers tremble in their boots. -They feared him as a foe, but respected him for his clever management, -and admired him for his heroism and wonderful achievements. - - The name of the illustrious Jackson should have a place - In the history of heroes on the brightest page, - He was a born commander and leader of men, - A terror to his enemies--a beacon light to his friends. - On the march or in battle he moved without fear - Of the world’s greatest generals he was a peer; - His artful maneuvering and quick movements did save - The live of many a soldier brave. - Passing down the line soldiers always could tell - That Jackson was coming by the Rebel yell; - His name and heroism gave hope to the Nation, - And his presence among the soldiers caused an ovation, - When the fatal shot was fired that struck the hero down, - The cause of Southern independence waned and gloom did abound; - The sad news of his wound gave to Lee alarm, - And he mournfully said, I have lost my right arm. - - -GENERAL ROBERT E. LEE, commander of the army of Northern Virginia, -was in many respects superior to any military chieftain the world has -ever produced. He was a patriot, statesman, scholar, military hero -and consecrated christian gentleman. On one occasion a portion of the -Southern army was facing the enemy in full view of the line of battle. -Dark threatening clouds were near and pelting hailstones and fleaks of -snow were beginning to fall. The soldiers were shivering with cold, -obeying orders issued not to move from their position or build any -fires. The general in a soft tender voice so characteristic of the man -ordered the officers to allow the soldiers to build temporary shelters -with pine brush to shelter them from the hail and snow and to build -fires. In a very short time they were protected from the storm and -fairly comfortable by the blazing fire prepared. He lead the grand -army to victory in battles, and when at last overpowered by superior -numbers he was obliged to surrender, he went down not in disgrace but -glorious in defeat, and when history gives a true record comparing him -with the greatest of military heroes his name will be emblazoned on the -brightest page outshining them all. - - In our country’s broad arena no generation ever will see - A military chieftain--an equal of the immortal Lee; - He could have commanded armies backed by wealth and display, - And have been recognized as the greatest general of the day. - While over that army the Stars and Stripes waved - He could have commanded soldiers gallant and brave, - But he sacrificed wealth, position and fame, - And to the rescue of his native home gallantly came. - In victory he was magnanimous heroic and great, - But his luster shined more brilliantly in defeat. - Among the world’s greatest generals he stands at the head, - The greatest military chieftain living or dead. - When his sun went down there was sorrow and gloom - Among the inmates of every Southern home; - He commanded an army of soldiers without a peer - And to every Southern soldier his memory is dear. - - -RECAPITULATION.--The short sketch of the general officers named closes -the Reminiscences of the war period. There may be some discrepancies -and possibly some errors as everything noticed is quoted from memory, -and a lapse of more than forty years ought to be accepted as a valid -excuse for any mistakes. The narrative is claimed to be true, and the -object of the writer has been to deal fairly and impartially with all -classes referred to. - - These general officers leaders in their time, - With gallant subordinates all along the line, - - Commanded an army that was complete, - Glorious in victory and defeat. - - The world never saw and there never will be - An army to equal the one commanded by Jackson and Lee, - - Soldiers in the ranks from the best families came, - And fought for their country and not for a name; - - At home they left property, mothers, sisters, sweethearts and wives - To protect these treasures they imperiled their lives - - The Union was preserved not alone by Union men, - But by Aliens that came across the cause to defend, - - The Stars and Bars folded trailed in the dust, - And the Stars and Stripes waved as it waved at first. - - The Southern army overpowered in the struggle lost out, - But left to Southern people an inheritance of which they are proud. - - Now all sections of our country fight under one flag, - And when the Southern boy is called for he does not lag. - - We love our country no less than before, - But fight for it because we love the Sunny South more. - - - - -CHAPTER XII. - -RECONSTRUCTION PERIOD. - - -SURRENDER OF LEE.--On the ninth day of April 1865 at Apomattox Virginia -General Lee surrendered to General Grant, after four years struggle -in perhaps the most awful war of modern times. Only a remnant of the -once powerful and vigorous army was left to share in the humiliation. -A large proportion of the gallant soldiers of the army over which the -immortal Lee was the commander had fallen to rise no more, and the few -remaining were broken down by the continued hardships of the four years -struggle. Being overpowered they humbly submitted to the inevitable and -in good faith accepted the terms given by their conquerors and returned -to their homes, thousands of which were broken up, and thousands more -in mourning for loved ones who had perished in the war. - - -RIGHT TO SECEDE.--The question as to whether a State had a right to -secede from the General Government could not be settled by arbitration -or legislation, and had been submitted to the arbitrament of the sword -and decided in the negative. The Federal government through its civil -representatives and military hosts claimed and proclaimed a State had -no right to secede. An overwhelming majority of the people north of -Mason and Dixon’s line embraced this theory. Southern people embraced -the opinion that States had the inalienable right to rebel against the -government, if the rights vouchsafed to said states by the constitution -were infringed upon. After four years of civil war unparalleled for -its severity and extent of loss of life and property, the issue was -settled in favor of the Northern idea, and Southern soldiers accepted -their parole, took the oath of allegiance to the government of the -United States in good faith, and returned home to take up life again as -peaceable, loyal citizens. - - -SHERMAN’S MARCH TO THE SEA.--A few days previous and subsequent to -the surrender of Lee, Johnson with his army was retreating towards -North Carolina, with Sherman in hot pursuit, on his famous march to -the sea. General Sherman, talented, as he was, holding a key to the -situation, must have known that the end of the so called rebellion was -near at hand, but leading his Vandal hosts with pine torch in hand, -careless with fire, seemed to take a fiendish pleasure listening to -the crackling conflagrations and witnessing the lurid sheets of flame -as it swallowed up barns full of feed and stock and palaces, cottages -and all kinds of residences with the accumulation of the lifetime of -the occupants, and the inmates themselves, helpless women and children -driven out of doors, groping their way through the dense smoke and -darkness, hurried on with agonizing fear and dread of personal harm -that was terrible beyond description. A man of intelligence raised in -a land of Bibles under christian influence that could gloat over such -orgies is more in need of missionary influence than the inhabitants of -Greenland’s icy mountain or India’s coral strand. - - -HOME COMING OF SOLDIERS.--For several weeks after the surrender of -Lee and Johnson, the soldiers continued to return to their homes and -returning divested themselves of their army clothes worn, dirty and -sometimes infested with vermin sad reminders of camp and prison life. -The old clothes were burned and the soldiers dressed in citizens -clothes that had been laid aside four years before, or in new clothes -that thoughtful mothers, sisters or wives had prepared in anticipation -of their home coming. The soldiers were welcomed home by their people -who rejoiced to see them return. On some occasions they were met by -mothers, sisters or wives who had passed through four years of great -tribulation, and sometimes by hungry, ragged children, made more than -orphans by the war. To welcome the return of the soldiers. Nature -seemed to smile in extravagant luxuriance. Flowers were blooming, -growing crops were springing up in a prolific growth, promising a -bountiful harvest. The soldiers became citizens and relieved women and -children of burdens of farm work that their forced absence had put upon -them, and under the changed condition of affairs everything was in a -fair way to resume normal conditions. - - -ASSASSINATION OF LINCOLN.--Very soon after the surrender of Lee, -Abraham Lincoln, president of the United States, was assassinated and -Southern people deplored the sad event. Although the leaders and common -people of the South had nothing to do with the awful crime, it had a -tendency to intensify the already bitter feeling of the radical element -North, and this element began to clamor for revenge, demanding the -punishment of innocent people of the South for a crime for which they -were in no way responsible but entirely innocent. If Lincoln had not -have been removed by death from the presidency and could have exerted -an influence that the promptings of his really generous nature would -have caused him to endeavor to use, it would have been a boon to the -downtrodden people of the Southland. The average soldier was disposed -to get to work and really did get to work with an honest endeavor to -repair the damage done, and to build up the waste places. - - -FEDERAL OFFICERS.--The rulers or representatives of the general -government could have immortalize themselves and their names would have -gone down in history as benefactors, but instead they took a different -view of the situation and apparently actuated by a revengeful spirit -heaped up burdens that made the suffering people cry out in agony “How -long will this state of affairs exist.” - - -CONDUCT OF YANKEE SOLDIERS.--Early in the Spring of 1865 the war was -rapidly coming to a close and the Yankee soldiers were invading every -nook and corner. Some of them acted very gentlemanly and did what they -could to protect private property, but others committed depredations, -terrified the people and stole or impressed, as they called it, the -most of the good horses, sometimes leaving worn out old scrubby plugs -for farmers to make their crops with, and then other gangs would come -along and take these leaving farmers without horses. In the Summer the -army horses were corralled at different places, sold at auction to the -highest bidder and brought from one to fifty dollars a piece. In this -way they got about all the money the citizens had managed to get hold -of. - - -LOOTERS FOLLOW YANKEE ARMY.--In the rear of the Yankee army there -followed a motley gang of looters that were ignorant, vicious and -some of them penitentiary convicts. This despicable class, that would -not have been invited into the homes of respectable people where they -lived, set themselves up as leaders to plunder, steal and overawe the -good citizens of the desolated country. - - -PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT.--The Southern people soon learned to their -sorrow that if a state did not have a right to secede that the states -which were in rebellion were not considered in the union. Provisional -Governments were forced upon the Southern States and in North Carolina -W. W. Holden, who perhaps had done more to bring about, foster and -encourage the secession of the state than any other man within her -borders, was made governor of the state, and a reign of terror, misrule -and tyranny began. A governor with a retinue of ignorant, vicious, -dishonest followers, willing and anxious to humiliate and punish the -leading and best citizens of the state, caused a distressing state of -affairs to exist. - - -THE NEGRO ENFRANCHISED.--To still further humiliate the Southern -people an amendment was added to the constitution which placed the -ballot in the hands of every negro man in the South twenty-one -years old, and not satisfied with this leading citizens of the South -were disfranchised. Thousands of the most prominent and influential -citizens of the State of North Carolina were disfranchised. An election -was ordered and held but everything was one way, and many of the -poll holders were big “buck niggers” that would not have known the -Constitution of the United States from the Ten Commandments. - - -CARPETBAGGERS.--The carpetbaggers and low down thieves, thugs and -bums that were tacked on to the tail end of the Yankee army and left -to torture, torment and terrorize the peaceable, law-abiding citizens -of the South were now busy with their fiendish work. They had already -done effective preparatory work by visiting and mingling freely with -an element congenial to their degraded and vitiated tastes. They had -frequented negro cabins which were thickly scattered over the country. -These ignorant, confiding negroes were easily prevailed upon to meet in -old fields, woods, or old houses located in obscure places where they -organized and instructed them. - - -THE NEGRO POLITICIANS.--The negro politician loomed up and these -self-constituted bosses pictured to them in glowing colors the beauty -and grandeur of a position they would occupy where their former -owners and other leading white citizens would have to bow the knee -and acknowledge their royal authority. They were informed that the -lands owned by Southern white people would be confiscated and divided -out among them. Some of them in obedience to instructions went so far -as to stake off forty acres of land where they wanted it, with the -assurance that it would be given them. They were also promised with the -forty acres of land and a mule, and were happy in anticipation in the -near future of being in possession of immense wealth. Their political -aspirations were if possible more extravagant. Offices not wanted by -these designing political robbers were parcelled out to negroes that -they could use to do their bidding. - - -ELECTION A FARCE.--An election was held that was worse than a farce. -The negroes marched up to the polls like droves of sheep and deposited -a piece of paper in a box that they could not have told by looking -at it whether it was a ballot or ticket for passage on a railroad or -admission into a theatre. In North Carolina the ballot boxes were sent -to Charleston, S. C., for the ballots to be counted by a military -commander. To the legislature were elected a few good citizens and a -host of carpetbaggers, scalawags, and negroes, the last three named -having overwhelming majorities. - - -LEGISLATURE.--The legislature met composed of this motley crew to -enact laws for the government of the people of our loved State. In -the legislature were a few representative members mixed in with the -disreputable carpetbaggers, scalawags and ignorant negroes, and an -organization effected by a few sharp unprincipled alien adventurers -who at once began to plan a system of robbery bold, insolent and -disgraceful, and their corrupt ignorant tools were ready to do anything -dictated by them. The legislature remained in session an entire year, -the members voting themselves seven dollars per day, and some of them -computing their mileage over a roundabout way to give them an excuse to -augment their mileage accounts. The public school fund that had been -sacredly preserved through the four years vicissitudes of war was taken -to pay the per diem of the members of the mob that had convened under -the name of legislature. State bonds were voted and issued for millions -of dollars ostensibly to build railroads, but the proceeds of the bonds -were gobbled up by money sharks and no railroads built. Many of these -bonds were later repudiated by the state as fraudulent. A system of -state, county and municipal government prevailed that was oppressive, -and the good people of the state were humiliated and felt outraged -without having any chance to remedy the evil existing. - - -COUNTY OFFICERS.--In the legislature were several negroes and in some -counties were negro sheriffs, registers of deeds, county commissioners, -magistrates and school committees. While such a state of affairs -was humiliating, perhaps the carpetbaggers and some of the homemade -scalawags who forgetting and forsaking their race and color, acting -with them were, if possible, a worse curse to the state than the negro -himself. White people were arrested upon warrants issued by negro -magistrates who tried their cases and gloated over an opportunity -to punish them. Extortionate taxes were levied and collected and in -some counties claims were held by officers and people were obliged -to sell them at a tremendous discount and the officers and their pet -partners would buy them in and pay themselves full value from the -county fund. Their outrageous extravagance disgusted all decent white -people and their methods were universally condemned. The negro as a -politician became aggressive and the bosses were obliged to put their -names on the ticket because in many places they furnished the voting -population. Negroes became offensive and entirely ignored their former -owners and other white friends who were disposed to treat them fairly, -and accepted as their advisers these low down carpetbaggers and if -possible lower scalawags. The negro depended almost entirely for his -living upon the better class of white people and notwithstanding all -his prejudice and bitterness, acknowledged this fact, but a dirty thief -or a dirty, no account white man of the class used to do their dirty -work would tell them if they voted with the old secession crowd, as -they called them, they would be put back in slavery, but if they voted -as they suggested they would surely get the forty acres of land and a -mule, and what was still more pleasing to them would place themselves -in a position to wreak revenge on this now despised class. Some of the -hireling serfs were willing to sell their birthright for less than -a miserable mess of potage, and went so far as to advise the poor, -ignorant, confiding negro, in case he was refused work by this class -of white people, to steal such as he needed from the corn cribs, wheat -houses, smoke houses and if that would not suffice to burn their barns -or to burn them out of house and home. - - -CRIMES COMMITTED.--Under this wicked teaching or training crimes galore -were committed and men were unsafe and women insecure to go along the -streets or highways. Instead of law and order anarchy reigned supreme -and crime stalked boldly in the land heretofore noted for peace, -happiness and prosperity. - - -NEGROES OFFENSIVE.--Young negroes became offensive as a result of the -false training of this vicious class of men and some women, pretended -religious enthusiasts, who knew nothing of the class of people to whom -they were teaching a doctrine of direct or indirect social equality. -Ambitious notions took possession of the bestial natures of some of the -worst element of the race and results revolting to think of blackened -the page of history of this fearful period. - -W. W. Holden was then governor of North Carolina, and could have used -his fine talent, directed in a proper channel, to have been a blessing -instead of a curse to the people of the State whom it was his sworn -duty to protect instead of persecuting. The Executive and Judicial -powers of the State were silent as the grave and by their silence put -their seal of approval upon the disgraceful transactions, thus staining -their administration with crime and the approval of crime and becoming -a party seeking and wreaking revenge. - - -KU KLUX KLAN.--The ferocious wretches became so bold in the commission -of their outrages that in defense of life and property the good -people of the country organized a society called by different names -in different places but known every where as the “Ku Klux Klan.” The -object of the organization was to secure protection that the pretended -officers of the law failed to give to the oppressed people. - - -HOLDEN AND KIRK.--Governor Holden prevailed with his gang of blind -partizans in the legislature to pass a law authorizing him to declare -martial law in any part of the state. This he proceeded to do in a few -counties and had some citizens of the highest character, accused of -committing heinous crimes. Federal troops were sent to these counties, -not troops made up in the state, but a gang of cut-throats from -Tennessee, commanded by an acknowledged vicious wretch by the name of -Kirk. - -Governor Holden was not satisfied with the scope of power given him, -but wrote to the president asking for Federal authority allowing -arrests to be made and parties tried before a military tribunal hoping -to have some of the best citizens of the state shot at the stake. -Congress refused to confer on the president the power to declare -martial law. The governor and his crowd had to depend on such state -authority as they had managed to usurp. Col. Kirk with his gang had -invaded the state under the direction of the governor and more than one -hundred citizens were arrested and imprisoned by Kirk and his minions. - - -JUDICIARY EXHAUSTED.--Chief Justice Pearson had until this time been -regarded as a just judge, and application was made to him for a writ of -habeas corpus that men in prison might know why they were imprisoned. -Judge Pearson granted the writ but when an attempt was made to serve it -on Kirk he ignored it under the plea that he was acting under orders -from Governor Holden. Counsel of the prisoners asked for further -process to punish Kirk but the Chief Justice held that his power was -exhausted and that the Judiciary could not contend with the Executive. -The highest judges in the state claimed to be powerless and the Holden -Kirk conspirators, although panting to get recognition from the -Federal Government, began to make preparations to form a Drumhead court -to consist of thirteen members--seven to be appointed by the governor -and six by Colonel Kirk. The Chief Executive of the state expecting to -preside over this court and try cases with the Judiciary in sight and -hearing, declaring itself helpless. - - -JUDGE BROOKS.--The right will usually prevail and Judge Brooks a -Federal Judge listened to the cry of the distressed and oppressed -and gave them relief. Governor Holden and Colonel Kirk could not -intimidate him with their scarecrow cries of war and bloodshed. He -gave Kirk peremptory orders to allow his prisoners to come before him -at Salisbury within ten days. Governor Holden asked the president to -interfere and he promptly informed him that Judge Brook’s order must be -obeyed. Nothing was against the prisoners and they were released, and -the state was soon relieved of the presence of the Kirk mob. Governor -Holden was impeached, convicted and expelled from his high office. The -people rose in their might and partially redeemed the state, but it -took years to accomplish the desired effect. - -One hundred thousand ignorant negroes were enfranchised and their -proportional numerical strength of the voting population enabled them -to exert a baneful influence which very much afflicted the counsels of -our state. - - -NEGRO PROBLEM.--This brings to the surface the negro problem, -which will not be discussed here, but the different phases of negro -life at different periods of time will be noticed. The negro was -brought to this country from a heathen land centuries ago and it was -soon discovered that a Southern climate was suitable to his health -and growth and as a commercial commodity in the South he would be -profitable. The negro living as a servant of the white families -developed many commendable traits of character. Under the influence -of an acknowledged superior race he became partially civilized and -became very much attached as a servant to his master and mistress as he -was pleased to call them. He brought with him from the dark continent -some traits of character that were inherent and hard to eradicate. As -a slave he was faithful and the great mass of them were happy, and -growing up with white children loved and respected them without once -thinking himself their social equal. Before the war and during the war -it was a very rare case to hear of an outrage being committed. The -negro was happy in his surroundings, having no cares for the future, -knowing he would be provided for even in sickness and old age. During -the war he cared for and as far as he was capable protected the white -women and children at home while their fathers, brothers and husbands -were in the army. - - -THE OLD TIME DARKEY.-- - - The old time darkey is in the evening of his life, - After the passing of the last one with the race there will be strife, - He is a colored gentleman in company or at home - And when asked to do a favor always will come. - If his people are suffering with hunger or in distress - He will divide his last slice of bacon or last crumb of bread; - If at any time employed in the field at work - He does not have to be watched for he will not shirk. - He is polite in company, at home, on the road, or street - And will pull of his hat to anyone he may meet; - He is proud of his freedom, and glad he is not a slave - But remembers his early training and knows how to behave, - He has bought his acre of land that he claims as his own - Has built a rude cabin and lives at home, - When a slave he worked through the week and on Saturday night - Danced to the tune of the banjo till broad daylight - Then on Sunday all through the day - Courted his dusky damsel in the old time way. - If asked how he liked roasted potatoes, opossum or chicken to eat - With a broad grin he answers “Dem things is sweet.” - He said poor nigger got tired of bacon and corn bread, - And relished good eating before he went to bed. - He owns he was fond of nice good picking - And thought it was no harm for mister’s niggers to eat master’s chickens, - His mouth still waters and he sighs for the luxury so fine - When he feasted on watermelons in the good old Summer time. - During the war he was industrious, polite and genteel - And took care of women and children while the men were in the field. - He was loyal to the South as any Southern son - And his conduct should be classed with Southern victory won. - The old black mamma that stayed around the home - And took care of the children the same as her own, - The children remember her kindness and care - Though now growing old they are children to her, - The old time darkeys are well meaning and try to check - The young generation that are losing self respect. - - -THE EMANCIPATED NEGRO.--To do the negro race justice, there is no -doubt if they had been let alone to follow their own inclinations and -judgment they would have been largely influenced in their conduct after -being emancipated by their former owners and the better class of white -people of the South who were then and are now their best friends, -because having grown up with them in an entirely different social scale -are better calculated to advise them for their good. Two classes of -people accepted by them as their advisers are responsible for present -conditions. A low class of avaricious, ignorant, known enemies of the -South who have used them to advance their own selfish interests, and -another equally objectionable class of Northern religious fanatics, -whose training lead them to believe that the Southern people treated -them inhumanly. By mingling with them socially and teaching them that -they were entitled to recognition in the social circle of the whites, -caused them to have aspirations and ambitions to which they can never -attain. - -The Southern people at once acknowledged their freedom, and were ready -to help them in their struggle for a more prosperous career, and were -willing to give them their rights before the law but not willing to -place the ballot in their hands or give them a place in the counsels -of the government. Negroes who have followed the advice of their real -friends are now doing well, accumulating property and are in possession -of homes of their own and their children are being educated, but those -who have gone astray under the teaching and advice of aliens who know -nothing about them and care less have become vagrants and criminals and -are a menace to the communities in which they live. The negro problem -will be solved by Southern people who know the characteristics of the -race and will treat them in such a way as to enable them to build up -as a race. If listened to their condition will be bettered and the two -races will live in the Southland together harmoniously, but if the -advice of their only true friends is ignored it will be a survival -of the fittest and like the Indians they will by the management -of Southern people be provided with a home elsewhere and live to -themselves and enjoy the fullness of their freedom. - - The sun may be darkened and the moon stream in blood - But the voice of the Anglo Saxons in our counsels will be heard, - - The stars may fall and the earth with fervent heat melt, - But the influence of an inferior race in our counsels will not be felt. - - They may come from Greenland’s icy mountain or India’s coral strand, - From the black continent of Africa or other heathen lands: - - We will humanely treat the savage, and give them their rights before the law, - But before they undertake to rule they had better quietly withdraw. - - In our own Sunny South we will give them a home - And teach them civilization and to no longer roam, - - We have a knotty problem to solve in our own Sunny Southland, - But will resist any interference from any alien band. - - -THE COMING SOUTH.--For forty years the oppressed South has been under -a cloud groping its way in the wilderness, a part of the time without -even a feint hope of reaching the promised land, but the clouds are -breaking and through the dense darkness can be traced at least the -outline of a silver lining. To the most obscure vision a light appears, -and the dullest prophet can forecast the sunshine soon to burst forth -in magnificent splendor. Neither heights, lengths, breadths, depths, -principalities nor all the powers that be can stop the onward march -of education, industrial development and universal wave of prosperity -destined erelong to place the people of this, by nature favored land, -in possession of their own. In the scientific, religious, industrial -and political world, the South is forging its way to the front rank, -and our grand old state of North Carolina with its variety of soil, -climate, minerals, timbers and its progressive people is coming. From -the foundation of the government till the sixties the native born -talent of the South shaped and managed the affairs of the nation, -and now she is coming, after passing through a fiery ordeal, to again -resume a place that other sections of the country will be compelled to -concede to her. - - We no longer hear the bellowing cannon or clash of arms, - Or the tramp of soldiers marching raising alarm. - - But instead the busy hum of machinery and tramp of children to school on their way, - And the blessings of peace and prosperity making triumphant strides in their day. - - - - -TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES: - - - Obvious typographical errors have been corrected. - - Inconsistencies in hyphenation have been standardized. - - Archaic or variant spelling has been retained. - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK REMINISCENCES OF THE CIVIL WAR, -1861-1865 *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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Thus, we do not -necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper -edition. - -Most people start at our website which has the main PG search -facility: www.gutenberg.org - -This website includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, -including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to -subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. diff --git a/old/68392-0.zip b/old/68392-0.zip Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 7f93b79..0000000 --- a/old/68392-0.zip +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/68392-h.zip b/old/68392-h.zip Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 5c76d63..0000000 --- a/old/68392-h.zip +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/68392-h/68392-h.htm b/old/68392-h/68392-h.htm deleted file mode 100644 index 9485513..0000000 --- a/old/68392-h/68392-h.htm +++ /dev/null @@ -1,5149 +0,0 @@ -<!DOCTYPE html> -<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> -<head> - <meta charset="UTF-8" /> - <title> - Reminiscences of the Civil War, 1861-1865, by P. L. Ledford—A Project Gutenberg eBook - </title> - <link rel="icon" href="images/cover.jpg" type="image/x-cover" /> - <style> /* <![CDATA[ */ - -body { - margin-left: 10%; - margin-right: 10%; -} - - h1,h2,h3 { - text-align: center; - clear: both; -} - -p { - margin-top: .51em; - text-align: justify; - margin-bottom: .49em; -} - -hr { - width: 33%; - margin-top: 2em; - margin-bottom: 2em; - margin-left: 33.5%; - margin-right: 33.5%; - clear: both; -} - -hr.tiny {width: 10%; margin-left: 45%; margin-right: 45%;} -hr.chap {width: 65%; margin-left: 17.5%; margin-right: 17.5%;} -@media print { hr.chap {display: none; visibility: hidden;} } - - -div.chapter {page-break-before: always;} -h2.nobreak {page-break-before: avoid;} - -table { - margin-left: auto; - margin-right: auto; -} - -.tdl {text-align: left;} -.tdr {text-align: right;} -.tdc {text-align: center;} - -.pagenum { - position: absolute; - left: 92%; - font-size: smaller; - text-align: right; - font-style: normal; - font-weight: normal; - font-variant: normal; - text-indent: 0; -} - -.center {text-align: center;} - -.smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} - - - -.ph1 {text-align: center; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;} -.ph2 {text-align: center; font-size: xx-large; font-weight: bold;} - -div.titlepage {text-align: center; page-break-before: always; page-break-after: always;} -div.titlepage p {text-align: center; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 2em;} - - -.large {font-size: 125%;} - - -.x-ebookmaker .hide {display: none; visibility: hidden;} - -.figcenter { - margin: auto; - text-align: center; - page-break-inside: avoid; - max-width: 100%; -} - - - -.poetry-container {text-align: center;} -.poetry {display: inline-block; text-align: left;} -.poetry .verse {text-indent: -2.5em; padding-left: 3em;} -.poetry .stanza {margin: 1em auto;} -@media print { .poetry {display: block;} } -.x-ebookmaker .poetry {display: block;} - - -.transnote {background-color: #E6E6FA; - color: black; - font-size:smaller; - margin-left: 17.5%; - margin-right: 17.5%; - padding: 1em; - margin-bottom: 1em; - font-family:sans-serif, serif; } - - /* ]]> */ </style> -</head> -<body> -<p style='text-align:center; font-size:1.2em; font-weight:bold'>The Project Gutenberg eBook of Reminiscences of the Civil War, 1861-1865, by P. L. Ledford</p> -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online -at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you -are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the -country where you are located before using this eBook. -</div> - -<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: Reminiscences of the Civil War, 1861-1865</p> -<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: P. L. Ledford</p> -<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: June 24, 2022 [eBook #68392]</p> -<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</p> - <p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; text-align:left'>Produced by: David E. Brown and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive)</p> -<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK REMINISCENCES OF THE CIVIL WAR, 1861-1865 ***</div> - -<div class="figcenter hide"><img src="images/coversmall.jpg" width="450" alt="" /></div> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - - -<div class="chapter"> -<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/i_title.jpg" alt="" /></div> -</div> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="titlepage"> - -<h1><small>REMINISCENCES<br /> - -OF</small><br /> - -THE CIVIL WAR<br /> - -1861-1865</h1> - -<p>BY<br /> -<span class="large">P. L. LEDFORD<br /> -THOMASVILLE, N. C.</span><br /> -JULY 1909</p> - -<p><span class="smcap">News Printing House</span><br /> -<span class="smcap">Thomasville, N. C.</span> -</p> -</div> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> -<div class="chapter"> -<p class="center"> -Copyright 1909<br /> -By P. L. LEDFORD</p> -</div> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_3">[3]</span> -<h2 class="nobreak">PREFACE.</h2> -</div> - - -<p>Although many histories have been written -and tradition has furnished its part -toward the perpetuation of the memory of -the exciting times of the civil war, very -much occurred that has never been recorded. -Monuments may be erected and histories -written, but unless the veterans now living -get busy and refresh their memories, and -the memories of their comrades very much -that happened, and ought to be preserved -in durable form will with the passing of -the main actors pass into oblivion. The -Confederate Soldiers now living are all -old men, and each one could, and ought -to contribute items of information that -would be interesting to the children and -adults of future generations. These scenes, -anecdotes, incidents and historical facts -ought to be written by the soldiers themselves, -for by no other means can a correct -history of the war period be handed down -to posterity.</p> - -<p>I undertake my part of the task well -knowing the information that I shall try -to give will not be pictured in a graphic -style to please the overeducated critic, but -I feel assured that though written in a -plain style the facts narrated will be read -and appreciated by many who will not -depreciate the information given, on -account of the lack of embellishment or -absence of the style so pleasing to the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_4">[4]</span> -lovers of eloquence, poetry, song and -graphic story.</p> - -<p>The following pages written by a plain -confederate soldier who spent three years -in the war instead of at college are submitted -to the public upon the merits of -the information given, without claiming -any literary merit. Feeling that I am -performing an imperative duty that I owe -to the cause and my country, I respectfully -dedicate the reminiscences to the soldiers -of the late war who were my comrades -while passing through the trying ordeal.</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="verse">In another decade by the sweep of time,</div> -<div class="verse">Many of the Veterans will fall out of line;</div> -<div class="verse">After a score of years very few there will be</div> -<div class="verse">For people then living to entertain or see.</div> -<div class="verse">The few that are left will be old and alone,</div> -<div class="verse">And quietly waiting for the summons to come;</div> -<div class="verse">Not until the last one shall have passed away</div> -<div class="verse">Will justice be done to the heroes of that day</div> -<div class="verse">Monuments will be erected on the ground where they sleep</div> -<div class="verse">And generations to come will their memory keep,</div> -<div class="verse">Patriots will pause with trembling and fear</div> -<div class="verse">And reverently on their graves drop a tear.</div> -<div class="verse">A responsibility now rests on veterans passing away</div> -<div class="verse">To rescue from oblivion the doings of that day.</div> -<div class="verse">We may not with a facile pen</div> -<div class="verse">Give a glowing description of scenes and men.</div> -<div class="verse">We can in a plain and plausible way</div> -<div class="verse">Give a rough sketch of the doings of that day.</div> -<div class="verse">After we have gone to our final home,</div> -<div class="verse">These sketches will be read by generations to come.</div> -<div class="verse">Let us be up and doing and work with might</div> -<div class="verse">And though late in the day commemorate the right.</div> -</div></div> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_5">[5]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak">CONTENTS.</h2> -</div> - - -<table> - - -<tr><td class="tdc" colspan="2"><a href="#CHAPTER_I">CHAPTER I.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td class="tdc" colspan="2">Causes Leading up to the Civil War.</td></tr> - -<tr><td>Origin of the War</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_9"> 9</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Party Lines</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_10"> 10</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>States Secede </td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_11"> 11</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td class="tdc" colspan="2"><a href="#CHAPTER_II">CHAPTER II.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td class="tdc" colspan="2">Beginning of Hostilities.</td></tr> - -<tr><td>The War Begins</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_11"> 11</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Young Men Volunteer</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_12"> 12</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Parting Scenes</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_13"> 13</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Recusant Conscripts and Deserters</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_14"> 14</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Loss of Loved Ones</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_15"> 15</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Roll Call of the Dead</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_15"> 15</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td class="tdc" colspan="2"><a href="#CHAPTER_III">CHAPTER III.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td class="tdc" colspan="2">Condition of People Left at Home.</td></tr> - -<tr><td>Affairs at Home</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_17"> 17</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Civil Officers at Home</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_18"> 18</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Money in Circulation</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_18"> 18</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Farming Interests</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_19"> 19</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Women of the War</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_20"> 20</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Cotton King</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_21"> 21</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Soldiers on Furlough</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_21"> 21</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Homespun Dresses</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_21"> 21</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td class="tdc" colspan="2"><a href="#CHAPTER_IV">CHAPTER IV.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td class="tdc" colspan="2">Peace Demonstration Among the People.</td></tr> - -<tr><td>Peace Movement</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_22"> 22</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Young Man Pilot</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_23"> 23</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Soldiers Break Up Meeting</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_23"> 23</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Leader of Movement</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_23"> 23</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Old Men Released</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_24"> 24</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Peace Sentiment not Suppressed</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_25"> 25</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td class="tdc" colspan="2"><a href="#CHAPTER_V">CHAPTER V.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td class="tdc" colspan="2">Bill of Fare in the Southern Army.</td></tr> - -<tr><td>Soldiers Rations</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_25"> 25</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Rations Supplemented</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_26"> 26</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Extra Rations Found</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_26"> 26</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Coons and Foxes</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_27"> 27</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Unripe Persimmons</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_27"> 27</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>The Army not Starving</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_28"> 28</a><span class="pagenum" id="Page_6">[6]</span></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Rations of Whiskey</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_28"> 28</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Short Rations</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_29"> 29</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Soldiers Forage</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_29"> 29</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Questionable Methods</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_30"> 30</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Detail to Cook</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_30"> 30</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Reproof of Conscience</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_32"> 32</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Mince Pie</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_32"> 32</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Chaplain’s Lecture</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_33"> 33</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td class="tdc" colspan="2"><a href="#CHAPTER_VI">CHAPTER VI.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td class="tdc" colspan="2">Surroundings of Soldiers and Soldier Life.</td></tr> - -<tr><td>Phases of Soldier Life</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_33"> 33</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Southern Soldiers</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_34"> 34</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Many Surprises</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_35"> 35</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Appearances Deceptive</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_35"> 35</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Soldiers in Camp</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_35"> 35</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Congenial Companions</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_36"> 36</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Disputes and Quarrels</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_37"> 37</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Winter Quarters</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_37"> 37</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Demoralizing Influences</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_38"> 38</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Religious Worship</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_38"> 38</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td class="tdc" colspan="2"><a href="#CHAPTER_VII">CHAPTER VII.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td class="tdc" colspan="2">Characteristics of Soldiers.</td></tr> - -<tr><td>Difference of Soldiers</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_39"> 39</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>The Homesick Soldier</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_40"> 40</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Strenuous Soldiers</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_41"> 41</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Conservative Soldiers</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_41"> 41</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td class="tdc" colspan="2"><a href="#CHAPTER_VIII">CHAPTER VIII.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td class="tdc" colspan="2">Citizens Visiting in Camp and the Sick Soldier.</td></tr> - -<tr><td>The Sick Soldier</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_42"> 42</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Surgeon’s Call</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_42"> 42</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Simple Minded Sick Soldier</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_43"> 43</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Despondent Sick Soldier</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_43"> 43</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Visiting</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_45"> 45</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Portly Gentleman</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_45"> 45</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Lady Visitors</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_46"> 46</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td class="tdc" colspan="2"><a href="#CHAPTER_IX">CHAPTER IX.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td class="tdc" colspan="2">Incidents of Camp and Prison Life.</td></tr> - -<tr><td>Soldiers in Prison</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_46"> 46</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Exchange of Prisoners</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_47"> 47</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Punishment</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_48"> 48</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Rations</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_48"> 48</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Camp Life</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_49"> 49</a><span class="pagenum" id="Page_7">[7]</span></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Soldier on Inspection</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_50"> 50</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Recruit on Guard</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_51"> 51</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>An Economical Soldier</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_53"> 53</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>A Soldier’s Retort</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_53"> 53</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>A Boisterous Soldier</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_54"> 54</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Recruit Detailed</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_56"> 56</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td class="tdc" colspan="2"><a href="#CHAPTER_X">CHAPTER X.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td class="tdc" colspan="2">Picket Lines, Battles and Battlefields.</td></tr> - -<tr><td>Picket Line</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_57"> 57</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Picket or Scout</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_57"> 57</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>On the Picket Line</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_58"> 58</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Exchange of Courtesies</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_59"> 59</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Fearful Experience</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_60"> 60</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Burned Bodies of the Dead</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_61"> 61</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Test of Valor</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_61"> 61</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Escape to the Enemy</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_62"> 62</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Welcome Peace</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_62"> 62</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>On the War Path</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_62"> 62</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Unreliable Soldiers</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_63"> 63</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Music in Battle</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_63"> 63</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Battles</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_64"> 64</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Battlefields</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_65"> 65</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>After the Battle</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_67"> 67</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td class="tdc" colspan="2"><a href="#CHAPTER_XI">CHAPTER XI.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td class="tdc" colspan="2">Fourteenth Regiment N. C. Infantry and General<br /> -Officers of the Army of Northern Va.</td></tr> - -<tr><td>Fourteenth N. C. Regiments</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_67"> 67</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Officers</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_68"> 68</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Unique Characters</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_69"> 69</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>A Brave Soldier</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_70"> 70</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Color Bearer</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_70"> 70</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Amusing Scenes</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_70"> 70</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>On the Campaign</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_71"> 71</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Distressing Scenes</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_72"> 72</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Battles Engaged in</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_73"> 73</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Victory and Defeat</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_73"> 73</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Decisive Battle</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_75"> 75</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>The Enemy Surprised</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_75"> 75</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Battle of Chancellorsville</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_75"> 75</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>At Apomattox</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_76"> 76</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>General Officers</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_77"> 77</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>General Cox</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_77"> 77</a><span class="pagenum" id="Page_8">[8]</span></td></tr> - -<tr><td>General Grimes</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_78"> 78</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>General Ramseur</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_78"> 78</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>General Rodes</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_79"> 79</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>General D. H. Hill</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_79"> 79</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>General A. P. Hill</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_80"> 80</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>General Ewell</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_80"> 80</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>General Early</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_81"> 81</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>General Stuart</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_81"> 81</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>General Longstreet</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_82"> 82</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>General Breckenridge</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_82"> 82</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>General Gordon</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_82"> 82</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>General Wheeler</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_82"> 82</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>General Jackson</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_83"> 83</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>General Robert E. Lee</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_84"> 84</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Recapitulation</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_85"> 85</a></td></tr> - - -<tr><td class="tdc" colspan="2"><a href="#CHAPTER_XII">CHAPTER XII.</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td class="tdc" colspan="2">Reconstruction Period.</td></tr> - -<tr><td>Surrender of Lee</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_86"> 86</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Right to Secede</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_87"> 87</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Sherman’s March to the Sea</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_87"> 87</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Home Coming of Soldiers</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_88"> 88</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Assassination of Lincoln</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_89"> 89</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Federal Officers</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_90"> 90</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Conduct of Yankee Soldiers</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_90"> 90</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Looters Follow Yankee Army</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_91"> 91</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Provisional Government</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_91"> 91</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>The Negro Enfranchised</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_91"> 91</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Carpetbaggers</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_92"> 92</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>The Negro Politician</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_92"> 92</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Election a Farce</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_93"> 93</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Legislature</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_93"> 93</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>County Officers</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_94"> 94</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Crimes Committed</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_96"> 96</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Negroes Offensive</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_96"> 96</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Ku Klux Klan</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_97"> 97</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Holden and Kirk</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_97"> 97</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Judiciary Exhausted</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_98"> 98</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Judge Brooks</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_99"> 99</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>Negro Problem</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_99"> 99</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>The Oldtime Darkey</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_100"> 100</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>The Emancipated Negro</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_101"> 101</a></td></tr> - -<tr><td>The Coming South</td><td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_103"> 103</a></td></tr> -</table> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_9">[9]</span> - -<p class="ph2">Reminiscences of the Civil War, 1861-1865.</p> - -<hr class="tiny" /> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="CHAPTER_I">CHAPTER I.<br /> - - -<small>CAUSES LEADING UP TO THE CIVIL WAR.</small></h2> -</div> - -<p><span class="smcap">Origin of the War.</span>—At this time, -more than forty years removed from the -date of the exciting scenes enacted in the -sixties, I desire for the benefit and edification -of my relatives, soldier friends and -other special friends, in a plain unvarnished -style to record a few of the incidents and -doings of the people, who were active participants -in the drama of those strenuous -times. I shall not confine myself to dates -or specially comment on the personal history -of anyone, but merely wish to rescue -from oblivion such items of information -as occur to me, quoting entirely from -memory, not having any notes taken at -the time to refer to. I propose to deal in -facts, and any reference I may make will -reflect my views from the stand point of a -young man of that period. For a few years -prior to the beginning of the war, I by -reading the current literature or newspaper -productions of the country, and listening -to discussions of leading men of the times, -had kept myself fairly well posted. The -signs of the times were ominous and indications<span class="pagenum" id="Page_10">[10]</span> -pointed to a disruption. Dark, -threatening clouds of war seemed to -hover over our fair land that had so long -enjoyed the blessings of peace and prosperity. -Perhaps we did not appreciate or -failed to realize it, we were really living in -a land that flowed with milk and honey.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Party Lines.</span>—Like every other great -revolution the awful calamity was preceded -by a political revolution. Party lines -were broken and sectional issues caused an -alignment of parties North and South. -The burning questions of Slavery and -State Rights were brought prominently to -the front. Incendiary speeches were made -and incendiary literature scattered broadcast -over the land. The National Democratic -Party assembled in convention, disagreed -upon a platform, and the result -was a division of the delegates and the -placing of two candidates in the field for -president viz.: Douglas and Breckenridge. -The old Whig Party was defunct and its -scattered forces rallied with Bell for its -standard bearer, assuming the name of -Knownothing, or American Party. North -of Mason and Dixon’s line a strong sectional -party had been organized known as -the Republican Party, with Abraham -Lincoln for its candidate for the presidency. -The campaign was fierce and bitter to the -extreme. The leaders advocating the -claims of their respective candidates were -aggressive and abusive, and the people -wrought up to a high pitch of excitement.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_11">[11]</span> -The canvassing and comparing: the votes -in the Electoral College gave Lincoln the -requisite number, and he was declared -elected. On the fourth day of March 1861 -he became president of the United States. -The fanatics of the North and fire eaters -of the South at once got busy, and by -their officious activity precipitated the war.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">States Secede.</span>—The Cotton States -seceded and set up a government of their -own. Jefferson Davis was elected president -of the Southern Confederacy. North -Carolina with other border States waited -for some overt act of Lincoln before passing -the Ordinance of Secession. A convention -was called, delegates elected and -assembled. The convention was composed -of delegates, a majority of whom were -elected as union delegates, and of course -the delegates were backed by a constituency -of the same sentiment. The people -of the old North State clung to the -Union as long as there was a vestige of -hope of its preservation.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="CHAPTER_II">CHAPTER II.<br /> - - -<small>BEGINNING OF HOSTILITIES.</small></h2> -</div> - -<p><span class="smcap">The War Begins.</span>—Fort Sumpter was -fired upon and surrendered. Lincoln -called for troops from North Carolina to -help to subjugate her Southern sister -States. Governor Ellis promptly informed -the president that no troops would be furnished -from the State for such a purpose, -and at once called for volunteers to assist -the South in its struggle for independence.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_12">[12]</span> -The state followed the lead of Virginia, -identified herself with the South, and the -war was on.</p> - -<p>The most loyal friends of the Union -now plainly saw that war was inevitable, -and that there was no neutral ground to -occupy. This plain proposition presented -itself that all must fight, and to fight for -the perpetuation or restoration of the -Union meant crossing the lines and taking -up arms against our own homes and -our own people. Very few were willing -to take this step or assume such a responsibility. -Past differences of opinion were -to a great extent reconciled, the bulk of -the people stood together, joined the Southern -forces, fought under the same flag, and -startled the civilized world with their wonderful -achievements.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Young Men Volunteer.</span>—Young men -of my immediate neighborhood volunteered, -some of them deceived by the spell-binders -who in their harangues asserted that -all of the blood lost in the war could be -wiped up with a silk handkerchief. These -impetuous uncompromising war men soon -began to maneuver to screen themselves -and their sons from serving as soldiers in -the army, and were busy trying to secure -bomb proof positions or hire substitutes. -The conservative element composed largely -of the honest yeomanry of the country, -including many of its best citizens, although -not ambitious for military honors, or -overanxious to become soldiers, held<span class="pagenum" id="Page_13">[13]</span> -themselves in readiness to join the army -when they considered it time for them to -go or their country demanded their services. -As time moved on the army was -enlarged and the home force depleted. -From time to time citizens left their homes -to exchange the garb of the citizen for the -uniform of the soldier.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Parting Scenes.</span>—There were many -pathetic scenes at the parting of loved -ones. The mother reluctantly gave up -her sons that she had fondly hoped would -be to her a solace, comfort and support in -her declining years. The boys in their -vigorous young manhood went to the war, -but many or them never crossed the -threshold of home again. The faithful -wife kissed her husband good-bye fondly -hoping, wishing and praying that he would -be spared to return home again, perhaps -in a short time she was left a lonely widow -with the double responsibility resting upon -her of training the little family of more -than orphan children that with her were -left to mourn their irreparable loss. The -affectionate sister who had grown up in -the same home with a brother she was -proud of, helped him to get ready to go -to the war, feeling sure he would return -home with honors in a short time, but -the ravages of disease, the exposures of the -camp or march, or a fatal shot from the -enemy caused him to fill a soldier’s grave. -The sweet young girl enjoying the ecstatic -bliss of loves bright, young dream, cheered<span class="pagenum" id="Page_14">[14]</span> -her lover as he moved on to the war, and -perhaps at parting they exchanged vows -of undying affection, but cruel fate deprived -the gallant young soldier of the privilege -of returning to claim his bride. He -too, had to give up his life on the fatal -field of battle.</p> - -<p>Ere the war was half over the most of -the ablebodied men were required to join -the army. Many of them promptly -responded, while others not willing to -risk the dangers to which soldiers were -exposed refused to go and concealed themselves.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Recusant Conscripts and Deserters.</span>—In -some sections of the country there were -recusant conscripts and deserters consisting -of two classes. There were some -substantial citizens at home that were -doing well, quietly attending to their own -home affairs, without paying much attention -to the politics of the country. These -citizens were uncompromising union men, -opposed to the war, quietly concealed -themselves and failed to report for duty -when called upon. They were not outlaws -in the full acceptation of the term, -were supported by homefolks and friendly -sympathizers, and did not interfere with -the personal rights or property of anyone. -There were others though who were vindictive -and terrorized the people by pillaging, -stealing, robbing, doing private -injury and sometimes threatening the lives -of people at home. In places infested by<span class="pagenum" id="Page_15">[15]</span> -such gangs a fearful state of affairs existed. -These recusant conscripts and deserters -were hunted by details of soldiers already -in the service, assisted by militia officers -at home. Some of the militia officers rendered -themselves very unpopular by offensive -methods used to capture men who -were dodging, consequently a very bitter -feeling was engendered between neighbors -and sometimes between members of the -same family. The power of the civil -government and military was used to -induce all to join the army, and the most -of the men subject to military duty had to -go, although some went under protest.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Loss of Loved Ones.</span>—As the war -advanced there was mourning in many -homes, on account of the loss of loved -ones. Within a radius of a very few miles -of my home many stalwart young men -were brought home dead, having sickened -and died in camp, on the march, in the -hospital, or having been slain in battle. -Many a poor boy the idol of a good mother -gave up his life on the gory battlefield, -deprived of the tender care and affectionate -ministrations of a mother, sister or wife to -comfort him in his dying hour. Some -were left with their bones to bleach on the -gory field of battle, others were never -accounted for and if buried at all were -buried by strangers that did not know -them and perhaps did not want to know -them.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Roll Call of The Dead.</span>—The following<span class="pagenum" id="Page_16">[16]</span> -principally young men are the -names of some of my relations, playmates, -schoolmates, acquaintances or soldier comrades -that lost their lives during the war:</p> - - -<h3>NAMES.</h3> - -<p>Henry Burough, Alsan Burough, Franklin -Burough, David Bowers, Zadoc Burton, -Basil Burton, Frank Britt, John Clinard, -Henry Clinard, John Clinard, Francis -Clinard, William Collett, Franklin Collett, -Jacob Crouch, John Crouch, Hugh Clodfelter, -David Clodfelter, Alfred Cecil, Nelson -Cecil, William Craven, Ransom Edinger, -George Edinger, Phillip Edinger, -Jesse Edwards, William Fowler, Benjamin -Faulkner, Nicholas Fouts, Henry Fritts, -Jesse Green, Shepherd Green, Daniel -Green, Harrison Green, John Gardner, -John Gillem, Madison Harmon, Charles -Harmon, Elwood Haines, Sanford Hammer, -Jacob Hedgcock, John Hiatt, Fred -Hiatt, Jesse Hilton, Evan Hilton, Jacob -Hilton, Henry Hilton, Barnabas Hayworth, -C. P. Jones, Purvis Jackson, -Joseph Jackson, Joseph Jones, William -Kanoy, John Kanoy, Henderson Kanoy, -John Kanoy, Charles Kennedy, John L. -Long, Henry F. Ledford, Charles Lines, -Joseph Murphy, William Miller, Franklin -Motsinger, John Meredith, Winborn Mendenhall, -Robert McCutcheon, Mack Myers, -Harrison Porter, Charles Payne, Thomas -Payne, Shubel Payne, Sanford Payne, -Solomon Roberts, John Stone, William -Stone, Milton Sledge, Hiram Sowers,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_17">[17]</span> -Humphrey Sowers, Robert Small, Samuel -Sink, John Sink, Adam Sink, Valentine -Sink, Jesse Sink, Solomon Sink, George -Sink, John Sink, Joseph Sink, David Shuler, -William Traynham, McKindre Veach, -John Wagner, Charlie Willie, William -Wagner, John Welborn, Madison Welborn, -William Whitehart, Willis Whitehart, -and John Yokley.</p> - -<p>Comparatively few of my acquaintances -or young men with whom I associated -prior to the beginning of hostilities, went -to the war and returned to their homes at -the close. Some of them returned on -crutches, some with empty sleeves, and -some with scars of wounds received in -battle that they will carry to their graves.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="CHAPTER_III">CHAPTER III.<br /> - - -<small>CONDITION OF PEOPLE LEFT AT HOME.</small></h2> -</div> - -<p><span class="smcap">Affairs at Home.</span>—The women, children, -old men and servants left at home -passed through an ordeal sad indeed to -contemplate. The servants or negroes -deserved much credit for their loyalty to -their then legal owners. Instead of being -a menace as was feared and expected, they -were a protection to the helpless white -population, and did much for the support -of the people at home, and for the support -of the soldiers in the field. To the very -old people the blow fell with a crushing -force. In addition to the accumulated -burdens that naturally fall to the lot of -old people, the loss of their sons, grand -sons, and neighbors so prostrated them<span class="pagenum" id="Page_18">[18]</span> -with grief that the gray hairs of many of -them were brought down in sorrow to the -grave. The little children for four years -being deprived of the protection, support, -counsel and assistance of fathers suffered -an irreparable loss, a loss that no subsequent -attention, education or opportunity -could possibly restore.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Civil Officers at Home.</span>—After the -war had somewhat advanced, the civil -officers, railroad and mail service and public -places were to a great extent managed -by old men. Young men at home were -lonesome and did not stand as high in the -estimation of the people as the young men -who went to the war. They too had to -submit to the taunts of the soldiers, on -account of their maneuvering to keep out -of danger. It was not considered patriotic -for young men to screen themselves, because -there seemed to be a necessity for -all to enter the service, or at least as some -had to go it was argued that all should -fare alike. Schools and churches suffered -in the general wreck and the morals and -intelligence of the rising generation was -at a low ebb. Teachers and preachers’ -salaries and physicians’ fees were paid in -kind. Corn, wheat, beans, peas, pork, -bacon, lard, butter, homemade cloth, and -anything that answered for clothing or -provision was gladly received as a substitute -for money.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Money in Circulation.</span>—The only -money in circulation was Confederate<span class="pagenum" id="Page_19">[19]</span> -money or State treasury notes which -depreciated in value until worth scarcely -the paper upon which it was printed. The -gold and silver coin in the hands of the -people was hidden or buried in the ground -not to be resurrected unless in case of -extreme necessity. Very little building -or improvement of any kind was going on.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Farming Interests.</span>—For the want of -laborers farms were neglected and many -fertile fields growed up with sprouts and -briers. Fences gave out or fence rows -growed up with weeds and briers. Gulleys -washed in the roads and some places were -almost impassable. Everything in the -way of improvement was on the decline. -But few new houses were built and homefolks -were sometimes driven to the necessity -of sheltering in houses not very comfortable. -Farm implements gave out and -it was a difficult matter to replace them. -Old plows and hoes that had been thrown -away were hunted up and repaired so as -to answer the purpose, and many rude -substitutes used for farming tools that had -been formerly used. It was a turning back -to usages of generations past. Rawhides -were tanned in the country and coblers -made shoes out of the homemade leather. -In place of the New Orleans or Cuba -molasses a syrup was manufactured from -sugar cane grown on the farm. Some -enterprising boys gathered persimmons -and had them distilled into brandy which -supplemented the supply made from the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_20">[20]</span> -surplus fruit. Corn and rye were not distilled -into whiskey on account of the scarcity -of breadstuff. A little of everything -made on the farm was collected and placed -in the hands of a commissary and was used -to help support the soldiers in the army.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Women of the War.</span>—The noble -women took upon themselves a burden -that was borne with fortitude or heroism -that is without a parallel in the annals of -the history of any country or any people. -They achieved wonders in the homes by -their ready inventive powers, which enabled -them to substitute many useful articles -from which they were cut off, on account -of the blockade, rigidly enforced by the -Federal authorities. Spicewood tea, Sassafras -tea, a beverage made of parched -corn, rye, chestnuts, dried slices of sweet -potatoes and many other things were used -as a substitute for coffee. Dried persimmons -were used for puddings after the -season for them had passed, and a very -good bread was made with a mixture of -potatoes with meal or flour. On many -farms women and children cultivated the -crops making a support for homefolks. -Women would hoe corn, sometimes plow, -make hay, bind and haul in wheat, sometimes -help to thresh, gather, shuck and -crib corn and do almost any kind of farm -work. The little girls would put the -bridles on old horses or mules and with -grists of corn or wheat ride several miles -to mill. The old man at the mill would<span class="pagenum" id="Page_21">[21]</span> -pleasantly speak to the little girls, addressing -them as his smart little boys. The -little girls proud of the distinction would -saucily and laughingly answer him saying, -“Yes we are Tomboys.”</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Cotton King.</span>—Cotton proved to be -king indeed, and upon this staple the south -depended largely for clothing, bed clothing, -tent cloths and indeed everything for -which cloth was used. The women took -the lint or raw material and by carding, -spinning, weaving, cutting and sewing converted -it into clothing, bed clothing and -many other articles. In place of dyestuffs -usually purchased at the stores and -brought from other countries, they used -Walnut, Redoak, or Maple bark, Sumac -and other things that they discovered they -could substitute and utilize. From wheat -straw they manufactured hats that answered -the purpose and were worn by men, women -and children.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Soldiers on Furlough.</span>—The girls -were proud of the boys who were in the -army, always glad to see them come home -and always gave them a cordial welcome -when they came home on furlough. Several -girls would get together and give the -boys a reception which amounted to an -ovation. The girls and soldier boys mutually -enjoyed these gatherings and would -together sing war songs or popular airs -such as, Dixie, Southern Girl, Stars and -Bars, Homespun dress etc.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Homespun Dresses.</span>—The girls wore<span class="pagenum" id="Page_22">[22]</span> -homespun dresses and in the estimation -of the boys were just as pretty, neat and -sweet as if they had been arrayed in silk -and purple.</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="verse">Pretty girls vacated the parlor and sitting room</div> -<div class="verse">To operate the spinning wheel and old fashioned loom,</div> -<div class="verse">The lint of the cotton was carded to a shred,</div> -<div class="verse">Then carded into rolls and spun into thread.</div> -<div class="verse">Thread was placed on a reel which turned round again and again</div> -<div class="verse">Until the dial plate registered enough cuts for a skein.</div> -<div class="verse">The thread was then placed in homemade dye</div> -<div class="verse">And changed into any color that was desired.</div> -<div class="verse">On the warping bars the thread was handled again</div> -<div class="verse">And the piece laid off for so many yards of chain.</div> -<div class="verse">On the spindle of the little wheel was placed the reed quill,</div> -<div class="verse">And enough thread placed around it the reed to fill</div> -<div class="verse">The thread then around the beam was strung</div> -<div class="verse">And the quills in the shuttle nicely hung.</div> -<div class="verse">Two pretty girls were busy working all day</div> -<div class="verse">Placing the thread through a six hundred sley,</div> -<div class="verse">Then the battle with the baton begun</div> -<div class="verse">And erelong the bolt of cloth was done.</div> -<div class="verse">Then with the skill of an artists hand</div> -<div class="verse">The cutting of the garments by the girls began;</div> -<div class="verse">Very soon the little girls were dressed up neat</div> -<div class="verse">In homespun dresses looking pretty and sweet.</div> -</div></div> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="CHAPTER_IV">CHAPTER IV.<br /> - - -<small>PEACE DEMONSTRATIONS AMONG THE -PEOPLE.</small></h2> -</div> - -<p><span class="smcap">Peace Movement.</span>—In 1862 a very -decided sentiment in favor of a peace -movement was inaugurated, and attained -to some prominence in the state, especially -among the original union men and parties -dissatisfied with the existing state of -affairs. Announcement of a meeting was -made to be held at a place near Thomasville -known as Kennedy’s School House. -Publicity was given to the report that -speakers would be present to address the -meeting and discuss the proposed issue. -A good crowd assembled, the most of them -prompted by honorable motives, merely -wishing to hear discussed or explained -the plan proposed by the leaders of the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_23">[23]</span> -movement. With the exception of a very -few of the leaders no one entertained any -treasonable intentions. The authorities -had been notified of the proposed meeting -and a detail of soldiers was sent to break -it up.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Young Man Pilot.</span>—A young man -who happened to be in the neighborhood -was pressed into service by the soldiers to -pilot them to the place. He did not relish -the idea of going with them, but the unusual -sight of bayonets and guns in the hands -of the belligerent soldiers was a very persuasive -argument to him to induce him to -comply with their demands. He does not -deny the fact that he was badly scared, and -although he laughs about it now, says -that it was a serious matter then, and that -he distinctly remembers his hair stood up -stiff and straight giving him trouble to -keep his hat on his head.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Soldiers Break up Meeting.</span>—Without -any previous notice the soldiers charged -upon the meeting and the crowd dispersed -and retreated at the first intimation of their -approach. The citizens hit the grit and -ran with a speed that would put to shame -the exploits of the Yankees and Rebels in -the valley of Virginia.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Leader of Movement.</span>—The leader -who was mainly responsible for the meeting -was the first one to absent himself -upon the approach of the soldiers. He -got away as fast as his legs could carry -him, and that was about as fast as anyone<span class="pagenum" id="Page_24">[24]</span> -could go, for he had the reputation of -being a champion runner. A tall young -man made a break for the tall timber and -was in the act of unhitching his horse, -when a limb very close to him was cut off -by a minnie ball. It was supposed that -he was shot at through mistake, and that -the soldiers shooting at him were under -the impression that he was the leader, who -had been represented to them as a tall -man. A friend of the victim of this close -call who was also near by unhitching -his horse was treated to music made by -the hissing of minnie balls, passing uncomfortably -near him. Both of them left the -place as fast as their horses could carry -them. A good portion of the crowd was -captured and taken to Camp Holmes, near -Raleigh. The most of the young men -captured volunteered and joined the -Southern Army and the old men were -finally released.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Old Men Released.</span>—It was especially -severe on the very old men who were without -warning taken and compelled to endure -the privations of prison and camp life. -The poor old men innocently feeling that -they had done no wrong were kept in suspense -and in constant dread for many days -fearing that they would be court-marshalled -and perhaps executed. Among them was -an eccentric old fellow not overly preposessing -in appearance. After being in -camp for many days without a change of -clothing and his white beard stained with<span class="pagenum" id="Page_25">[25]</span> -tobacco juice, he presented a rather -grotesque and by no means attractive -appearance, but he took a philosophical -view of the situation and looked on the -sunny side. He amused the soldiers in -camp with his wit and humor, and although -perhaps eighty years old would sing gay -songs and with a little encouragement from -the boys dance a jig. At the close of the -day he would seriously say to his old comrades -that although they had passed -through another day it would be their last, -and that they would all be executed tomorrow. -His comrades knew that he indulged -in a great deal of levity, but being apprehensive -themselves feared the old man was -correct in his surmises, and retired not to -sleep but to think of loved ones at home -that they would perhaps never see again.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Peace Sentiment not Suppressed.</span>—The -incident did not entirely suppress the -sentiment in the community in favor of -peace, but did prevent any further public -demonstration.</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="verse">A blessed hope of peace permeated the throng,</div> -<div class="verse">To them it cooed like a dove with its siren song,</div> -<div class="verse">But it proved a delusion and a snare</div> -<div class="verse">To get them in trouble of which they were not aware.</div> -<div class="verse">They innocently cried peace when there was no peace,</div> -<div class="verse">Their unfortunate meeting was imprudent at least;</div> -<div class="verse">The meeting culminated in a tragic end</div> -<div class="verse">And made them wiser and perhaps better men.</div> -</div></div> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="CHAPTER_V">CHAPTER V.<br /> - - -<small>BILL OF FARE IN THE SOUTHERN ARMY.</small></h2> -</div> - -<p><span class="smcap">Soldiers’ Rations.</span>—Soldiers in the -Southern army did not live on the fat of<span class="pagenum" id="Page_26">[26]</span> -the land fareing sumptuously every day. -They often had to live on a stinted allowance, -and articles of food placed before -them that would not have been accepted -with thanks at home. A day’s allowance -to a soldier consisted of a small cake of -wheat or corn bread, or six hard tacks, a -small piece of beef or pickled pork, sometimes -a little rice or small amount of beans -or peas. A hearty man that gave way to -his appetite often ate an entire day’s -rations at one meal and then was hungry -the balance of the day. The judicious -soldier though divided his allowance into -three parts and fared better by adhering -strictly to the custom of eating three times -a day.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Rations Supplemented.</span>—Anything -in sight was devoured with avidity to supplement -rations issued. Parched corn on -a march when the supply was scarce was -not a poor substitute for bread. If a soldier -found a persimmon tree loaded with -fruit it was gathered with as much eagerness -as a miner would pick up a gold nugget. -Such a find was regarded as a bonanza. -Walnuts, hickory nuts or even acorns were -carefully saved to supplement rations -issued.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Extra Rations Found.</span>—A squad of -men was detailed to tear down an old -building and removing the rubbish captured -and killed several big fat rats which -were skinned, dressed, cooked and ate -with a relish. Around the old building<span class="pagenum" id="Page_27">[27]</span> -was a luxurious growth of cresses and -wild onions, which were carefully gathered -by the soldiers and cooked and considered -very palatable.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Coons and Foxes.</span>—One evening after -the army stopped to go in camp a tree -was cut down for fire wood and the soldiers -were surprised and pleased to find -and catch two nice coons which were -cooked for supper and made a very savory -dish. At another time while going into -camp a rush was made for a tree top and a -red fox was jumped. The chase was very -much enjoyed by the boys. The fox in -its frantic efforts to escape sometimes -jumped as high as the heads of the soldiers -who surrounded it and was knocked back -by them. Finally the fox was captured -and the boys said it tasted much better -than beef or pork they were accustomed -to.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Unripe Persimmons.</span>—On a march a -soldier dropped out of line, climbed a tree -and was helping himself to unripe persimmons. -An officer coming along, reprimanded -him, ordered him back in line and -asked him why he was so greedily devouring -such unwholesome food? The soldier -innocently replied that he had discovered -that green persimmons had a drawing -effect and thought perhaps by using them -he could shrink his stomach to the capacity -of amount of rations issued. The officer -seemed to comprehend the logic of his reasoning -and left him to test the practical<span class="pagenum" id="Page_28">[28]</span> -value of his theory.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">The Army Not Starving.</span>—It is not -the intention to try to make the impression -that the Southern army was in a starving -condition. Such an intimation would be -misleading. The only wonder is that the -soldiers were provided for as well as they -really were. Perhaps all armies sometimes -suffer the inconvenience of short -rations. The kind reader must charitably -in imagination take the place of the soldier -to be fully competent to sympathize with -him.</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="verse">The overscrupulous reader with pious thought</div> -<div class="verse">May condemn the soldier for using thing’s not bought,</div> -<div class="verse">And may in his honest heart feel</div> -<div class="verse">That under no circumstances should anyone steal.</div> -<div class="verse">Better get down on repentance stool</div> -<div class="verse">And figure out the golden rule;</div> -<div class="verse">Go to bed hungry and fail to sleep</div> -<div class="verse">Then get up courage the eighth commandment to keep.</div> -</div></div> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Rations of Whiskey.</span>—Rations of -whiskey were occasionally issued and the -effects of the stimulant were very soon -apparent, for soldiers had nothing to put -the liquid in to save, and were obliged to -use it to keep it from wasting and then for -awhile there was plenty of fun in which -officers and soldiers joined. If an officer -happened to get enough to make him too -hilarious he was placed in arrest until he -sobered up. If a soldier in the ranks -imbibed to freely and in consequence -wanted to monopolize control of things -and indulged in conversation boisterous or -unbecoming he was quietly assigned to -quarters in the guard house until he had -time to cool off.</p> - - - - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_29">[29]</span><span class="smcap">Short Rations.</span>—Sometimes rations -were short and hungry soldiers are not apt -to be in the best of humor. At such times -grumbling was in order or at least freely -indulged in, but grumbling did not bring -the beef and corn bread. If adjacent to -orchards, potato patches, corn fields or -hen roosts, some of the boys would manage -to supplement their rations, put on an -innocent look and apparently become -indignant if accused of crossing the guard -line of the camps.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Soldiers Forage.</span>—Soldiers would forage -for something to eat. They would -visit farm houses and put in a plausible -plea, with money, cheek or chin music, -get on the good side of the good women -and prevail on them to furnish them with -fruit, potatoes, butter, apple butter, bread, -pies or anything that could be used and a -soldier could use anything that anybody -could eat. A shrewd forager failing to -get anything at farm houses would take -a mental survey of the different places and -at night would by bribing the sentinel or -slipping across the guard line go straight -to potato patches, orchards or corn fields -and borrow fruit, potatoes, roasting ears -and sometimes induce a fat hen to go to -camp. This process of borrowing was so -skillfuly manipulated that the owner of the -premises was kept in blissful ignorance of -the way the articles were appropriated. -There were company officers who would -deal very gentle with a soldier that stole<span class="pagenum" id="Page_30">[30]</span> -out of camp to forage, provided the officer -shared in the find whatever it might be.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Questionable Methods.</span>—A big burly -soldier went a short distance from camp -and deliberately shot down a good sized -fat pig, being caught in the act by some -soldiers, he said he killed it in self defense -and that no hog should bite him. He -skinned the hog, carried it to camp, late in -the night borrowed a camp kettle and -cooked the pork. Some officers passing -along reproved the soldier and threatened -to put him in the guard house, but were -persuaded to be lenient by promising them -a good slice of the pork which tasted as -good to an officer as a private. The good -old citizen had a drove of fat hogs, missed -one and reported to the colonel of the -regiment. An order was at once issued to -the captain of each company to search the -tents. An officer passed round, peeped -into the tents, saw no pork or even smelled -any and reported nothing found in the -company. The most of the boys of the -company though had a good breakfast and -pork was part of the bill of fare.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Detail to Cook.</span>—On a march one -evening the army halted to take up camp -for the night; rations were issued and a -detail made to do the cooking. Among -the soldiers detailed was one who though -very much fatigued worked faithfully until -the two days rations were cooked and -issued to the men. His partner immediately -after going in camp had gone to a<span class="pagenum" id="Page_31">[31]</span> -farm house not far distant and had succeeded -in getting two canteens full of good -fresh milk. After the cooking was done -the soldier who had been detailed being -very hungry, took the canteen of milk, -two day’s rations and ate it all for supper, -not leaving a crumb for the next two days. -He then took in the situation, jumped at -a conclusion, struck a bee line across a -piece of woods and accidentally met a comrade -whose breath betrayed the fact that -he had been drinking brandy. It suddenly -occurred to the soldier that he needed a little -for his stomach’s sake, although it was -loaded with two day’s rations, and they -together went a short distance across the -country and was face to face with the -maker and vender of the liquid. Making -their wants known he took their canteens -and a pitcher supposed to be full of water -and started for the liquor house. The -boys followed him going through a dining -room. The quick eye of the soldier -noticed a clean table cloth on the table -covering something. Without stopping -as he passed along he quietly raised the -cloth and made a discovery. One of the -boys canteens was filled and handed back -to him. Upon sampling it they found it -had been well watered. The citizen was -politely informed that it was brandy not -water the boys wanted. Without arguing -the case he poured the grog out of the -canteen and filled them up with the pure -unadulterated article. After filling the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_32">[32]</span> -vessels he lead the way starting out and -the boys followed, the boy who had been -detailed to cook in the rear. Passing -through the dining room by some unaccountable -manipulation the rations moved -from the table and bread, meat, pickles, -pies and cakes found a resting place in the -capacious haversack of the soldier and -there was no more solicitude about rations -for the next two days.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Reproof of Conscience.</span>—Late one evening -the army marched by a luxurious field -of corn. A soldier who was hungry and -whose haversack was empty thought it -would be real nice to have roasting ears -for supper. As soon as the army halted -to go into camp, he with two comrades -though quite a distance started for the field -of corn. When they got to the field it -seemed to be full of soldiers on the same -mission as they were. The soldier though -hungry and very much fatigued proposed -to his companions to return to camp and -trust to providence, declaring that his conscience -would not allow him to join the -crowd and take the corn. They returned -to camp and were agreeably surprised to -find in their tent a box from home full of -good things to eat. The soldier was fully -convinced by the circumstance that “Conscience -is in all cases a correct moral -guide.”</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Mince Pie.</span>—Two boys came into camp -one day selling mince pies. Two soldiers -bought one, ate, smacked their lips, pronouncing<span class="pagenum" id="Page_33">[33]</span> -it good and wished for more. -Before the boys got out of hearing they -got into a dispute about the division of -the money. The smaller boy cried and -said it was his puppy that was killed to -furnish material for the pie and he was -entitled to his part of the proceeds. The -soldier boys would have been glad to have -parted with the puppy dog, but it had -come to stay.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Chaplain’s Lecture.</span>—On one occasion -on a march rations were scarce and -the soldiers were hungry. Some of the -boys invaded a corn field and were plucking -ears of corn expecting at night to feast -on roasting ears for supper. The chaplain -of a regiment rode along and began to -give the boys a moral lecture, telling them -it was wrong to steal and that the corn -did not belong to them. The soldiers paid -no attention to his talk and quietly filled -their sacks. The chaplain seeing that they -were determined to take the corn said to -them, if they were going to take the corn -anyway to throw him over a few ears for -his pony.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="CHAPTER_VI">CHAPTER VI.<br /> - - -<small>SURROUNDINGS OF SOLDIERS AND SOLDIER -LIFE.</small></h2> -</div> - -<p><span class="smcap">Phases of Soldier Life.</span>—The many -phases of soldier life furnish the inquiring -mind food for thought and research. The -mere fact that an army is an aggregation -of discordant elements made up from different<span class="pagenum" id="Page_34">[34]</span> -parts of the country is a sufficient -basis for an interesting subject for investigation. -The soldiers representing the different -sections of the country represent the -manners, customs, habits and characteristics -of the inhabitants of the communities from -which they came. In addition to this if -we take into consideration the personal -habits, characteristics and eccentricities of -the individual, analyzing the attitude, latitude, -aptitude, and magnitude of the capabilities -and wonderful scope of each -one we find ourselves exploring a wonderful -field that startles us.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Southern Soldiers.</span>—The Southern -army was not only made up of soldiers -from different parts of the country, but -from the different pursuits and conditions -of life. Our army of which the South has -cause to be proud contained the most of -the ablebodied men of the South, and it is -no reflection upon the fair name and fame -of the gallant soldiers of the army that -there were among them some enrolled that -were failures. There were figureheads, -deadbeats, skulkers, hospital rats and others -who were drawbacks to the army. -There were men enrolled who at home -were successful and regarded as good citizens, -but as soldiers were failures because -they had no turn, taste, tact, inclination -or adaptability for soldier life. It was -unfortunate for our army, our country and -for such soldiers that there was a necessity -to enroll them.</p> - - - - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_35">[35]</span><span class="smcap">Many Surprises.</span>—Very often the -palest, thinnest, weakliest, scrawniest looking -fellow stood the exposure and hardships -of the camp, march and battlefield -much better than a stalwart looking boy. -Sometimes the most timid lad, who seemed -to shrink from any duty likely to give him -notoriety, developed into the most aggressive, -daring soldier and astonished officers -and comrades with his reckless ventures -and achievements. There were officers and -men who would for the sake of promotion -unnecessarily expose to imminent danger -themselves or men under them. The truly -brave soldier will shelter or protect himself -when he can do so without jeopardizing -the cause he represents, but when -necessary will expose himself and face danger -like a man. The truly brave officer -will lead and not undertake to drive his -men in battle and screen himself.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Appearances Deceptive.</span>—Appearances -are often deceptive. Sometimes a man of -fine physique, good looking, stalwart, having -the appearance of being a brave soldier -that would sacrifice his life rather than -show the white feather collapses in the -hour of danger, entirely unable to control -his nervous system, proving himself to be -constitutionally a coward. Such men -ought to be pitied instead of being persecuted.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Soldiers in Camp.</span>—The self-constituted -bully of the camp who wants to engage in -a fisticuff with anyone that dares to cross<span class="pagenum" id="Page_36">[36]</span> -his path will often tremble with fear when -going into battle. The soldier that delights -in giving exaggerated accounts of his -exploits and hairbreadth escapes usually is -an artful dodger and an expert in framing -excuses to keep out of danger when the -battle is on. In the army were soldiers -who died of grief or homesickness. However -much a soldier may be attached to his -home surroundings it is a mistake to give -up and brood over a separation that is -inevitable. The soldier who takes a sensible -view of the situation, keeps up his -courage and as far as possible keeps in -good heart by looking on the sunny side -of life always fares the best. One who -always seems lowspirited, out of heart, -and cultivates such a feeling receives scant -sympathy from his comrades, but one who -is cheerful, apparently happy whether -really feeling so or not does not have to -hunt for kindred spirits to share his happiness -with him. To a soldier in camp -virtually performing the same round of -duty every day, life is likely to become -monotonous, and moodiness or gloom -intrudes its unwelcome presence, then the -thing to do is to seek a change and look -for something to divert his attention and -cause him for the time being to forget his -real or imaginary trouble.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Congenial Companions.</span>—In the Southern -army a soldier could always find congenial -company for there was variety to -choose from. In the different tents or<span class="pagenum" id="Page_37">[37]</span> -around the camp fires were crowds making -merry with music and dancing, crowds -spinning yarns or telling anecdotes or -stories, classes singing sacred songs or -squads engaged in conversation on subjects -to suit anyone. Nothing to do but to -make a choice of the place and be entertained.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Disputes and Quarrels.</span>—In camp -everything was not always harmonious. -Among the boys there were sometimes -misunderstandings, which gave rise to disputes -or quarrels, occasionally culminating -in fisticuffs or fights which often landed -the participants in the guard house.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Winter Quarters.</span>—A soldier in the -Southern army had no abiding place to -stay or at least only temporary. In winter -quarters in the dugout, rude cabin, tent, -or bivouacing primitive life was fairly illustrated -and it is surprising to people accustomed -to the conveniences of life to realize -how few of these conveniences soldiers -are supplied with. Very often one little -frying pan or kettle performs its round of -service for an entire village of cabins or -tents, and it is not unusual in camp to hear -the owner of an implement or vessel cry -out “come home frying pan” or “come -home coffee pot.” The call was a peremptory -order to the borrower to return the -missing article which was perhaps by the -careless soldier thrown aside. The reminder -generally caused the occupants of the -tents to institute a search, usually resulting<span class="pagenum" id="Page_38">[38]</span> -in the return of the missing article. -Soldiers’ temporary homes exemplified -their home training. Some of their places -were comfortable, neat and attractive, -while others were just to the reverse. -Some of the occupants kept themselves -and their clothing clean and neat, while -others were contented to wrap themselves up -in their filthy rags sometimes infested with -vermin. There were though police and -sanitary regulations that all were obliged -to observe or pay the penalty, and there -was an etiquette among soldiers that was -generally observed. Many a soldier would -forage for something to eat, but would suffer -with hunger to the extreme limit rather -than appropriate to himself the rations -issued to another. A soldier who would -steal the rations of another sacrificed his -honor and self respect and was regarded -by his comrades as a sneak thief at home.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Demoralizing Influences.</span>—While an -army always carries with it many demoralizing -influences, a man can be a soldier -and a gentleman too, but one who is not -a gentleman at home, in the army is sure -to show the cloven foot. In winter quarters -more attention is paid to social features -than at any other time. Hostilities to a -great extent cease during the winter though -sometimes the armies clash.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Religious Worship.</span>—Sometimes while -in winter quarters soldiers got together and -built rude log houses for places of worship. -Protected from the cold in these<span class="pagenum" id="Page_39">[39]</span> -houses soldiers gathered together usually for -regular Sunday preaching and sometimes -prayer meetings were held during the week. -Perhaps as large a per cent. of soldiers -attended preaching as people at home who -had more convenient and comfortable -places of worship. In summertime soldiers -usually assembled in a grove to listen to -sermons preached by their chaplain or visiting -ministers.</p> - -<p>In the Southern army occasionally very -much religious interest was manifested and -revivals were not unusual. Singing, prayer -and sometimes shouting were heard in the -camp.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="CHAPTER_VII">CHAPTER VII.<br /> - - -<small>CHARACTERISTICS OF SOLDIERS.</small></h2> -</div> - -<p><span class="smcap">Difference of Soldiers.</span>—There is as -much difference in the make up of the -average soldier as in the average citizen -at home. It is said that variety is the -spice of life and in the army we get variety -with a vengeance, and the spice is sometimes -a little bit peppery. The home training -and habits as well as the natural -disposition of the men will show itself in -the army, and no amount of diplomacy -can relegate these acquired or inherent -qualities to the back ground. It is not -everyone that can join heartily in a course -of life that is distasteful, and one who does -will be very apt to adopt the requirements -of the new life to the exclusion of long -established habits and customs, and will<span class="pagenum" id="Page_40">[40]</span> -sometimes overdo himself in exercising -uncalled for and unnecessary stunts.</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="verse">The life of a soldier in a strenuous channel does run.</div> -<div class="verse">And the life is by no means a pleasant one;</div> -<div class="verse">The attractions that lure young men to the field</div> -<div class="verse">Are very seductive and to them many yield.</div> -<div class="verse">When they don the uniform and fall in line</div> -<div class="verse">They surrender their freedom and in servitude are confined.</div> -<div class="verse">It requires the decision of character and nerve of the brave</div> -<div class="verse">To imperil ones life his country to save.</div> -<div class="verse">This heroism throws aside all fear and dread,</div> -<div class="verse">But is never appreciated till the victim is dead,</div> -<div class="verse">We may eulogize the hero with eloquence, poetry and song,</div> -<div class="verse">But he quietly sleeps while the pageantry is going on,</div> -<div class="verse">The odor of the flowers that we place on the grave</div> -<div class="verse">Is lost to the hero who gave his life his country to save.</div> -</div></div> - - -<p><span class="smcap">The Homesick Soldier.</span>—The timid -homesick soldier grieves himself to death, -and if perchance he has to engage in a -battle he welcomes the friendly missile -that puts an end to his forlorn condition. -He thinks of nothing but home and rather -than drag out, to him, a miserable existence -in the army surrenders his life freely -and willingly. The following lines are -intended to picture the end of one of this -unfortunate class:</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">I am weary to-night and as lonely as can be,</div> -<div class="verse">I am far from my friends that I may never see,</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">I am hungry and cold; how can I my time employ?</div> -<div class="verse">I know my good christian mother is praying for her boy.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">I on the cold ground must lie down to sleep,</div> -<div class="verse">If mother knew my condition how bitterly she would weep;</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">In camp I hear stories laughter and song,</div> -<div class="verse">I am longing for home and cannot join.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">They tell me I am homesick perhaps it is true</div> -<div class="verse">I must shake off this despondency or I will never pull through</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">I am wishing for anything that can be arranged</div> -<div class="verse">Anything, just anything, anything for a change,</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">I hear the report of a signal gun,</div> -<div class="verse">Now we may listen for the sound of the old bass drum.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Fall in, fall in is the command to all,</div> -<div class="verse">And now we must answer at once to rollcall;</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_41">[41]</span> -<div class="verse">“Attention Company;” says the officer in time:</div> -<div class="verse">Forward double quick is the command that is passed down the line.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">I hear the boom of cannon and rattle of smallarms,</div> -<div class="verse">The screams of the wounded show that the battle is on,</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">I am mortally wounded see how my blood flows,</div> -<div class="verse">I am sinking to rest, my troubles are o’er.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">I am thirsty, feel chilly and cold and must sleep,</div> -<div class="verse">Farewell my dear mother, please do not weep.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">I see you yes ’tis you, I knew you would come,</div> -<div class="verse">Now take me dear mother again to our home.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">As the last word was spoken he drew the last breath,</div> -<div class="verse">And no mother there to sooth him in death,</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">The poor homesick boy in battle did fall,</div> -<div class="verse">He had listened and answered to the last rollcall.</div> -</div></div></div> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Strenuous Soldiers.</span>—Soldiers like -citizens are sometime extremists, and are -likely to say and do some very unreasonable -things. They work themselves up to -a high pitch of excitement, see but one -side of a question and are intolerant. -Soldiers of this class are usually not the -most reliable and their rashness is liable -to lead them to do things detrimental to -the cause they represent. The following -lines illustrate this objectionable element.</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="verse">Sound the bugle and beat the drum,</div> -<div class="verse">Fall in line, let the enemy come,</div> -<div class="verse">Let us charge the Yankees and let them know</div> -<div class="verse">We can shoot them down and over their dead bodies go.</div> -<div class="verse">If they contest the ground we will make them feel</div> -<div class="verse">That there is some virtue in cold steel;</div> -<div class="verse">We will give up our lives our country to save,</div> -<div class="verse">We will be freemen or fill bloody graves.</div> -<div class="verse">Give them no quarter—we ask for none—</div> -<div class="verse">Shoot them down as fast as they come.</div> -</div></div> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Conservative Soldiers.</span>—The conservative -soldier usually possesses nerve, pluck, -humane feeling and a busy brain. He is -cool and level headed and is not thrown -off his guard by any sudden changes in his -surrounding. He is generally a good -citizen at home, has a sharp lookout for -the betterment of his home and people and -carries with him to the army the same<span class="pagenum" id="Page_42">[42]</span> -conservatism that distinguishes him as a -good citizens at home.</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="verse">A quiet industrious citizen enjoying the comforts of home</div> -<div class="verse">Has no disposition a soldier to become,</div> -<div class="verse">Unless called upon by his country’s needs and demands,</div> -<div class="verse">For the protection of his home and his liberties to stand,</div> -<div class="verse">He then takes his place in line in a deliberate way</div> -<div class="verse">And not like a fanatic panting for the fray.</div> -<div class="verse">He leaves at home property and loved ones to face an invading foe,</div> -<div class="verse">Because his country commands him and duty requires him to go;</div> -<div class="verse">The best element of an army does not fight for plunder or fame,</div> -<div class="verse">Because such soldiers possess courage, nerve, heart and brain.</div> -</div></div> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="CHAPTER_VIII">CHAPTER VIII.<br /> - - -<small>CITIZENS VISITING IN CAMP AND THE SICK -SOLDIER.</small></h2> -</div> - -<p><span class="smcap">The Sick Soldier.</span>—Exposure, irregular -and unwholesome diet, constant changing, -uncomfortable lodgings and many -other things caused soldiers to contract -diseases which often terminated in death. -Notwithstanding everything was done for -the poor sick soldier that could be done -under the circumstances, he missed the -affectionate attentions of loved ones at -home. On account of inadequate facilities -to furnish the necessary means the unfortunate -victim was often neglected.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Surgeon’s Call.</span>—While in camp every -morning at a certain hour Surgeon’s call -was announced by the beating of the drum. -Sick soldiers in camp who were able to -walk were required to report to the doctor -for treatment and to be excused from duty. -Such as were not too sick remained in camp -and were treated at their tents, and soldiers<span class="pagenum" id="Page_43">[43]</span> -who were very sick were sent to a -hospital. Soldiers sick in camp generally -received scant sympathy and poor attention. -A soldier though who was known -to be faithful in the discharge of duty if -unfortunately became sick was cared for -by his friends.</p> - -<p>In every command there were soldiers -who were experts in playing off sick, and -of course such were not respected. There -was always some one ready to ridicule the -sick squad reporting. When the drums -beat sometimes a wag would cry out. -“Come up dead” or “Come up and get -your Dovers powders or Camphor and -Opium pills.” Soldiers really sick have -been known to throw away medicine given -them and take their chances.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Simple Minded Sick Soldier.</span>—In a -certain regiment a simple minded soldier -who was really sick would slowly make -his way to the doctor’s tent and when -asked “what is your trouble?” he would -invariably give the same answer, “The -same old complaint, ‘Sumption.’” The doctor -would excuse him and he would return to -his tent, lie down and suffer as much with -homesickness as with the disease itself.</p> - -<p>Many a poor soldier lost his life in -camp, in a hospital, on the march or on -the battlefield, who would have rallied -from a very slight indisposition that -developed into a fatal disease could he -have been transferred to his home.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Despondent, Sick Soldier.</span>—After<span class="pagenum" id="Page_44">[44]</span> -serving in the army for about a year a soldier -was stricken down with a severe spell -of sickness and sent to a hospital to recuperate. -Having a horror for hospital life -he plead earnestly with the physician in -charge to recommend the issuing of a furlough -for him to return home. He was -informed that he was too weak and must -wait until he got able to travel. The next -day he told the doctor that he was getting -worse and weaker and plead with him to -allow him to go before the board to meet -in a few minutes in the hospital, but received -no encouragement. A few minutes -later a message came summonsing some -other sick soldiers in the same room to -appear before the board. He had about -given up in despair when another message -came ordering him to report to the board -at once. He obeyed the order without -delay, and had scarcely gotten inside of -the door when the chairman said, “Give -him fifty days.” He returned home one -beautiful Sunday morning. A good mother -saw him slowly approaching the house -and seeing his uniform, it occurred to her -that the stranger was a soldier and for the -sake of her own boys in the field she would -treat him as well as she could. Being -pale, weak, emaciated, reduced almost to -a skeleton and nearly exhausted, he with -difficulty climbed up the steps that lead up -to the door. As soon as he got inside of -the door his mother and sister assisted him -to a chair, thinking they were helping<span class="pagenum" id="Page_45">[45]</span> -some poor unfortunate soldier unknown to -them. Finally they recognized him but -did not know whether to rejoice or weep -for it looked very much like his life was -fast ebbing out. In a few weeks he was -well again and returned to the army.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Visiting.</span>—Soldiers very much enjoyed -a visit from friends at home, and a visitor -after getting in camp and located among -the friends he was especially visiting was -regarded as guest of the soldiers and -treated with deference by all he chanced -to meet. Soldiers were always ready for -some fun and any incident outside of the -common broke the monotony and gave -them a change. Citizens with few exceptions -after their first experience enjoyed a -joke even at their expense. If a citizen -passed through camp wearing a long tailed -coat or plug hat, some one would tauntingly -cry out, “Come down out of that -coat or come out of that hat, I know you -are in there I see your legs,” and the boys -would repeat until the poor fellow got -through and of course the citizen felt -relieved when the boys quieted down. The -boys meant no disrespect and the citizens -generally took it all good naturedly.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Portly Gentleman.</span>—At one time a -portly gentleman passed through camp -and as soon as he came in sight a soldier -cried out, “Here he comes: and here he -comes” was repeated along the line. Finally -the old gentleman chagrined, stopped, -pulled off his hat and politely asked the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_46">[46]</span> -boys what he had done, they promptly -told him that he had stolen their big bass -drum and swallowed it. The good natured -old fellow caught on to the joke and -told the boys that their drum should be -returned and he was permitted to pass on -enjoying the laugh as much as any of -them.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Lady Visitors.</span>—A lady visiting in the -camp always had a refining influence upon -the soldiers who were pleased to have an -opportunity to treat such a visitor as an -honored guest. The mere announcement -that lady visitors were expected would -cause soldiers to get busy and police the -camp making everything around the tents -look tidy and attractive. The conduct -and conversation of the soldiers were -always improved by visits of the ladies. -Unfortunately though their visits were few -and far between times. There was in the -valley of Virginia a beautiful young lady -who acted as a courier for some of the -officers and was said to sometimes pass -through the lines where a man would not -be allowed to go, and to return bringing -valuable information. She was a graceful -horseback rider and created a sensation -when she rode along the lines.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="CHAPTER_IX">CHAPTER IX.<br /> - - -<small>INCIDENTS OF CAMP AND PRISON LIFE.</small></h2> -</div> - -<p><span class="smcap">Soldiers in Prison.</span>—A soldier belonging -to an army in war times necessarily -lives a strenuous life, and if unfortunately -captured by the enemy and has to be<span class="pagenum" id="Page_47">[47]</span> -incarcerated in prison it makes life to the -average soldier almost unendurable. A -soldier obliged to obey strictly army rules -and regulations enforced by officers fighting -for the same cause he is contending for -surrenders seemingly about all of his -liberties, but when reduced to the humiliation -of having a sentinel standing over -him all of the time to see that he does not -violate orders given by an enemy reduces -him to the most abject slavery. Many -Northern and Southern soldiers were captured -and placed in prison, and a judicious -and rapid system of exchange of prisoners -would have alleviated much suffering -among these poor fellows.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Exchange of Prisoners.</span>—The Federal -authorities perhaps were dilatory in effecting -exchanges because their captured men -could be replaced by others, and they had -not only the Northern states but the world -to draw from, and knew the soldiers taken -out of line in the Southern army could not -be replaced with others on account of the -scarcity of men.</p> - -<p>It is said that everything is fair in war, -but the peremptory demands of war ought -not to suppress every vestige of feeling of -humanity. An experience in prison however -humiliating that experience may be, -cannot fail to convince anyone that implicit -obedience to orders from the powers -that be is the only safeguard as a shelter -or protection from unreasonable punishment.</p> - - - - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_48">[48]</span><span class="smcap">Punishment.</span>—Severe punishment such -as bucking and gagging, hanging up by -the thumbs, walking the beat carrying -heavy loads, sometimes whipping and even -shooting, to the death practiced in the -army and prison almost invariably falls -to the lot of a soldier who wilfully disobeys -known rules and regulations, but -these punishments are sometimes administered -by tyrannical officers, puffed up with -a little brief authority, to gratify their own -personal spites and prejudices. Strict adherence -to discipline will nearly always screen -the victim from such suffering. In prison -officers may be exacting, but from their -arbitrary rulings there is really no appeal.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Rations.</span>—Much complaint was made -by soldiers in Southern prisons about the -scarcity and quality of rations, perhaps -these complaints in some instances were -well founded, for the Southern soldier in -camp or on the march did not have an -abundant supply. The same complaint -was made against the Northern prison and -it was argued that the Federal authorities -had the means to provide more and had -no moral right to retaliate upon the South -for a deficiency in prison that was unavoidable. -Many Southern soldiers in Northern -prisons went to bed of nights and could -not sleep on account of being hungry. -Prisoners captured a short time before the -surrender of Lee, soon heard of the surrender, -and of the assassination of Lincoln -and were frightened by a report circulated<span class="pagenum" id="Page_49">[49]</span> -in the prison camp that Southern soldiers -would be kept as hostages and perhaps -executed in retaliations for the assassination -of the president. The personal experience -of soldiers incarcerated in the prisons -of the late war would make interesting -reading to coming generations but perhaps -it is better to let this part of the history -pass into oblivion. Contending armies -engaged in battle would fight to the finish, -damaging each other in every honorable -way they could even to extermination, but -when a soldier surrendered and became a -prisoner he was treated courteously by his -captors on either side. A soldier that would -offer an insult or indignity to a prisoner -was looked upon with contempt and his -conduct regarded as cowardly by his own -comrades.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Camp Life.</span>—To undertake to portray -the multiplicity of phases of soldier life as -exhibited in the Southern army would be -a herculean task from which the stoutest -heart, best equipped mind and most experienced -hand would shrink. It is enough -for one to record the doings, transactions, -incidents, and reflections drawn from historical -facts connected with the section -and army, the one undertaking the task -was familiar with, on account of being -present to witness much that occurred, -and in a position to gather items of information -from parties who were eye witnesses. -Every day on the march, in camp, -on the battlefield or in prison was replete<span class="pagenum" id="Page_50">[50]</span> -with thrilling, interesting, ludicrous or -pathetic scenes which were worthy of -notice and ought to be handed down to -posterity in a more durable way than by -tradition. Duty, patriotism and an earnest -desire to rescue from oblivion much of -the war history ought to appeal to the -few old soldiers now living whose passing -from the stage of action must necessarily -cut out forever any chance of a correct -history. The certainty that they will soon -be gone ought to be an incentive to induce -each one to contribute his part. An army -like our Southern army presents to the -mind of the curious an inviting field for -study and investigation.</p> - -<p>In camp the home life of the soldier is -clearly delineated and by associating in -the camp soldiers learn more about each -other than anywhere else.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Soldier on Inspection.</span>—There was in -camp a little scrawny fellow that took the -world easy when things went his way, but -when he got wrong he was very much -wrong and was at war with everybody and -seemed to think that everybody’s hand was -raised against him. He was a faithful, -loyal soldier and would have died rather -than play off to screen himself from a -fight. He was always out of clothing, -rations, money and everything that a soldier -needed and was out with everyone -who would not divide with him, but was -liberal and honest and would pay his debts -if it took his last dollar. At pay day it<span class="pagenum" id="Page_51">[51]</span> -usually took all he received to pay his -debts and then he was borrowing again. -He paid very little attention to cleanliness, -consequently no one cared to tent or bunk -with him and he was often by himself -although socially inclined. At such times -he would sing songs sometimes a little -smutty and whistle popular airs. He -would say some very harsh things about -officers and some of them very much -wished for a chance to get even with him. -On one occasion on inspection, the inspecting -officer complained that his gun was -not properly cleaned and ordered him to -his quarters, putting on him the punishment -of thirty minutes work cleaning his -gun. He returned to his quarters with -the rest of the company, feeling resentful, -and with an oath slammed the gun to the -ground, consigning it with the inspector -to a region supposed to be hot and heavily -charged with the odor of sulphur. He -gloomily sulked for thirty minutes and in -sheer desperation picked up his gun and -reported as ordered to the inspector, expecting -to be sent to the guard house, but -was surprised when told by the officer that -his gun looked much better, admonishing -him to hereafter do as the others did and -he would not have to do extra work on his -gun and pleasantly excused him.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Recruit on Guard.</span>—On one occasion -the officer of the guard around camp was -a young lieutenant who had a very exalted -opinion of himself and was glad of an<span class="pagenum" id="Page_52">[52]</span> -opportunity to show his authority. One -of the guard was a recruit detailed for the -first time to do guard duty. He had fallen -on the third relief and had lain down to -rest until his time came. Nothing unusual -occurred the first two hours, but after the -second relief was posted the lieutenant -made his rounds and returned to the camp -fire and had a big laugh with the old soldiers -present. He had taken the gun from -a timid recruit, had the poor fellow badly -scared and boastingly said that he would -take every recruits’ gun that belonged to -the guard. The third relief was placed -and the recruit stationed at his post, walked -his beat and kept a sharp lookout, -especially for the lieutenant. Finally he -heard the rattle of his sword as he approached -and when he got in challenging -distance, said: “Halt who comes there?” -The lieutenant answered: “Friend with the -countersign.” The sentinel then said -“Advance friend and give the countersign.” -The officer corrected him saying “Advance -friend with the countersign,” and was -briskly walking right up to him. The -recruit quickly brought his gun to the position -of charge bayonets, and again demanded -the countersign. He was then -almost in bayonet reach, gave the countersign -and expecting to throw the sentinel -off his guard, made a movement as if to -pass on but really intended to take his gun. -The sentinel made him pass around him -at a distance not in bayonet reach which<span class="pagenum" id="Page_53">[53]</span> -he did without further parley. After he -had passed he said, “If you don’t mind -you will get in the guard house.” The -recruit replied saying, “I know my duty,” -but was getting some thrilling experience -while being initiated.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">An Economical Soldier.</span>—A quiet -careful soldier for several days saved of -his rations scraps of beef and scrapings of -flour until he collected enough to make a -beef pie which was regarded as a luxury -in camp.</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="verse">The pie was nicely made and spicely cooked,</div> -<div class="verse">And the boys at it greedily looked;</div> -<div class="verse">The soldier happy with a broad grin</div> -<div class="verse">Commenced taking the rich pie in.</div> -<div class="verse">Near by in the crowd was a hungry boy looking about</div> -<div class="verse">As if he could breed a famine and starve it out;</div> -<div class="verse">He stood the test for a little while</div> -<div class="verse">Then stepped up to the soldier on his face a smile</div> -<div class="verse">Saying, “If you please I would like your pie to taste;”</div> -<div class="verse">“Help Yourself” said the soldier with very good grace.</div> -<div class="verse">For a second invitation he did not wait</div> -<div class="verse">But commenced eating pie at a rapid rate,</div> -<div class="verse">At last he suddenly quit eating and said with a sigh,</div> -<div class="verse">I guess I have taken enough of your pie.</div> -<div class="verse">“Have some more” said the soldier polite as could be;</div> -<div class="verse">The boy said, “Thank you, if you insist I will—it tastes good to me,”</div> -<div class="verse">The hungry boy hung on while others stood by</div> -<div class="verse">And saw the two together finish eating the pie.</div> -</div></div> - - -<p><span class="smcap">A Soldier’s Retort.</span>—On the Maryland -march on account of marching for -many consecutive days, soldiers were -ragged, dirty and some of them barefooted. -An army in such a plight does not present -a very attractive appearance. In the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_54">[54]</span> -column was a brave, faithful soldier always -ready to fight to the finish. He had just -passed through a series of battles and -looked very much worsted, wearing old -clothes and limping on account of old -shoes making his feet sore. The army -was marching through a town whose -inhabitants were of very decided Union -proclivities. A crowd of pretty, well -dressed ladies were conspicuously standing -on the sidewalk, indulging in cutting remarks, -using such expressions as rebel -and traitor very freely. One of them -pointed out this uncouth looking soldier -saying, “Look at that ragged, dirty rebel.” -He coolly retorted looking her in the eye -saying, “Madam, we always put on our -old clothes when we go out to kill hogs.” -His retort was not very courteous, but it -put a quietus on the use of any further -uncomplimentary remarks. The soldiers -were usually treated very nicely by the -ladies, even when invading the enemy’s -territory, and were in turn as courteous as -could be.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">A Boisterous Soldier.</span>—In camp there -was a boisterous fellow whose early education -and training had been very much neglected, -and although illiterate he was fully -convinced that he was a man of considerable -importance. His quaint sayings and -doings furnished no small amount of -amusement for the officers and men. He -did not mean to exaggerate but apparently -looked at things through magnifying<span class="pagenum" id="Page_55">[55]</span> -glasses. He was a fearless, brave soldier -and was never happier than when called -upon by an officer to perform some task. -He did not hesitate to go or try to go -anywhere his commanders ordered or -requested him to go. On one occasion -he was detailed as a picket to reconnoiter -and ascertain some points about the position -and strength of the enemy’s forces. -Under the direction of the officer in command -of the picket line, he with others -stealthily approached as near as possible -to the enemy’s line to get the desired information. -In their eagerness they crossed -the danger line and were saluted with a -volley of shot and shell and of course were -obliged to hastily retreat. The soldier -came rushing back to camp puffing and -blowing, burdened with the weight of -responsibility that had been entrusted to -him and hurried up to the colonel’s headquarters -to report the result of the investigation. -The colonel listened to him -attentively while he excitedly gave his -report and seriously asked his opinion -about the strength of the enemy’s force. -With forceful gestures and placing strong -emphasis on his answer he replied: “About -two hundred thousand!” The colonel -amused at his estimate of the enemy’s -strength, and his earnestness in reporting, -respectfully thanked him and excused him. -The same soldier incensed at his brother, -seventeen years old, joining the army -wished with an oath that the boy would get<span class="pagenum" id="Page_56">[56]</span> -killed in the very first engagement he got -in. In a few days the command got in a -fight and the poor boy was killed. The -wish was thoughtlessly made and the soldier -felt sorry for the fate of his brother. One -day glibly talking to the boys he pointed -out a place on his arm and expressed the -wish that a minnie ball would strike him -there the next battle he got in and the -bone would have to be resected so he could -get on the retired list. In the very next -fight a minnie ball struck the identical -place pointed out and the bone had to be -resected. He could have been placed on -the retired list, but preferred to remain in -service.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Recruit Detailed.</span>—Early one morning -a recruit who had just been enrolled, -while he was at breakfast, was informed -by the sergeant that he was on guard for -the day and told to report at once to the -colonel’s headquarters. Very much to -the amusement of the old soldiers he -replied: “All right, wait till I eat a bite” -and leisurely finished his breakfast, prepared -for duty and reported to headquarters -without realizing that he had subjected -himself to the danger of being disciplined -for not at once reporting.</p> - -<p>It was very embarrassing to recruits -especially when joining a command already -in the service. A recruit reporting for -duty was dazed at the array of stripes, -bars, stars and wreaths, being assigned to -a certain regiment was asked if he had any<span class="pagenum" id="Page_57">[57]</span> -reason to give for being assigned to any -special company, stammeringly replied -that he had a second company in cousin I. -The boys laughed at his mistake, but the -officers kindly let him join the company of -his choice.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="CHAPTER_X">CHAPTER X.<br /> - - -<small>PICKET LINES, BATTLES AND BATTLEFIELDS.</small></h2> -</div> - -<h3>PICKET LINES.</h3> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="verse">A soldier placed on the picket line</div> -<div class="verse">Has a responsible duty to him assigned;</div> -<div class="verse">To perform this duty with judgment and skill</div> -<div class="verse">Requires nerve, pluck, brain and deliberate will.</div> -<div class="verse">He protects the main army back in the rear,</div> -<div class="verse">And watches each movement with trembling and fear;</div> -<div class="verse">If the enemy makes a hostile move he does not run</div> -<div class="verse">But warns his friends in the rear by firing his gun.</div> -<div class="verse">Then the pickets exchange some hasty shots,</div> -<div class="verse">Fall back in line and things get hot.</div> -</div></div> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Picket or Scout.</span>—Different phases of -soldier life have been partially explained, -but the elements that enter into the make -up or the varied experience of the successful -sharpshooter or scout are beyond -description. Take the foremost soldier in -the army whose energy, pluck and daring -deeds of valor have aided him in forging -his way to the front, then add all the -nerve, fearlessness, disregard of danger, -determination to surmount all obstacles -and you get only a faint idea of the sturdy -firm, intrepid picket or scout, looking not -for trouble but for adventure. History -often records raids made by such dashing -leaders as Jackson, Stuart, Morgan or<span class="pagenum" id="Page_58">[58]</span> -leaders of that character with picked men. -Such leaders select from different commands -men who have passed through firey -ordeals and have been weighed in the balance -and found not wanting. With such -soldiers wonderful victories have been -achieved that would have been failures -with a different class of men. The common -soldier on the skirmish line however -courageous he may be finds himself facing -a problem that calls into play some traits -of the soldier that he does not possess. -The picket lines were often very close -together, sometimes on friendly terms and -sometimes hostile to each other.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">On The Picket Line.</span>—In the night -time the lines have been near enough to -hear pickets in the opposite line talking in -a low tone, but usually the lines were -further apart. A very slight demonstration -on the picket line sometimes precipitated -a fight. The sentinels on the -lines of the two armies were at one time -respectively walking their beats on opposite -sides of the Rapahannock river in plain -view of each other. A sentinel on post -on one of the lines playfully pointed his -gun at the sentinel on post opposite him -on the other side and was at once shot at -by the sentinel, who took the matter seriously. -There was something doing along -the line for a little while but the situation -was soon understood, the excitement subsided -and the sentinels resumed their -places, walking their beats but refrained<span class="pagenum" id="Page_59">[59]</span> -from quite so much familiarity.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Exchange of Courtesies.</span>—Sentinels -on post on the picket lines representing -the opposing armies often exchanged -courtesies and greetings and on the sly -met between the lines, exchanged daily -papers, swapped tobacco for coffee, had a -pleasant chat with each other and returned -to their respective posts with the kindliest -feelings. The following lines demonstrate -or illustrate the friendly feeling that prevailed -among the soldiers of the two opposing -armies.</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="verse">“Good morning: Johnnie. Good morning Pat,”</div> -<div class="verse">Come across and we will have a social chat</div> -<div class="verse">We can be friendly loyal and true,</div> -<div class="verse">Although I wear the grey and you the blue.</div> -<div class="verse">I feel somewhat lonely walking my beat,</div> -<div class="verse">And to visit you would be quite a treat.</div> -<div class="verse">I will pledge my word upon the honor of a man</div> -<div class="verse">That I will come half way and treat you well as I can.</div> -<div class="verse">Your proposal seems very fair to me</div> -<div class="verse">Let us meet in the shade of that old oak tree.</div> -<div class="verse">The sentinels moved forward not in battle array,</div> -<div class="verse">But approached each other in a friendly way.</div> -<div class="verse">In consequence of the vigorous exercise walking their beats</div> -<div class="verse">They were much fatigued suffering with heat</div> -<div class="verse">Johnnie’s canteen was full of water cool as could be</div> -<div class="verse">Which he shared with Pat in the shade of the tree.</div> -<div class="verse">Pat smiling said it tastes like water from the lake</div> -<div class="verse">Away up North in Michigan State.</div> -<div class="verse">Then said in my canteen is some of the elixir of life</div> -<div class="verse">That will make us forget our sorrows and strife.</div> -<div class="verse">Will you not a little bit of it take</div> -<div class="verse">As Paul would say for your stomach sake,</div> -<div class="verse">Johnnie said thank you holding out an empty tin cup,</div> -<div class="verse">Which they filled with Southern water Northern sugar and other stuff,</div> -<div class="verse">Then of the mixture each one took a sup</div> -<div class="verse">Drinking out of the same tin cup,</div> -<div class="verse">It tasted pleasant and they repeated the dose</div> -<div class="verse">’Till they both felt gay and very jocose.</div> -<div class="verse">Finally conversation in a confidential channel did run</div> -<div class="verse">They talked of their home life both anxious to return,</div> -<div class="verse">Pat said he had a wife and children at his home near the lake</div> -<div class="verse">That were anxiously looking for him wishing for the war to break.</div><span class="pagenum" id="Page_60">[60]</span> -<div class="verse">Johnnie showed the picture of a sweet looking girl,</div> -<div class="verse">That he declared was the sweetest best girl in the world,</div> -<div class="verse">Saying she lives in a cottage among the hills in a North Carolina home.</div> -<div class="verse">And will be true to me until I return.</div> -<div class="verse">When this cruel war is over I will be by her side</div> -<div class="verse">And claim a fulfillment of her promise to be my bride,</div> -<div class="verse">They were talking confidentially in this beautiful strain,</div> -<div class="verse">Commenting on their loved ones again and again.</div> -<div class="verse">Suddenly they heard the report of a signal gun</div> -<div class="verse">And to their respective posts did quickly run.</div> -<div class="verse">After the signal gun fired in a very short time</div> -<div class="verse">There was brisk firing all along the picket line.</div> -<div class="verse">At these two posts firing was rapid and sharp,</div> -<div class="verse">But the aim was above or below the mark,</div> -<div class="verse">Finally the pickets were ordered to fall back,</div> -<div class="verse">The two waved hands saying, “Good-bye Johnnie, Good-bye Pat.”</div> -</div></div> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Fearful Experience.</span>—During the -time of the engagements in the wilderness -a soldier on the picket line one night had -a fearful experience. The lines were very -close and the sentinels on post had strict -orders to walk their beats, keep a sharp -lookout and let no one approach or cross -the line without giving the countersign. -It was very dark and the thick underbrush -made the darkness more dense. The -officers making their rounds were embarrassed -not knowing how soon they might -march into the enemy’s lines. The sentinel -quietly walking his beat heard a soldier -approaching and soon as he came -near enough in as low a tone as possible -challenged him and asked for the countersign. -The soldier approaching apparently -like the soldier on post was uncertain -whether he was in the presence of a friend -or an enemy. In an evasive way they -made inquiries with a view of ascertaining -each others identity. Each one was<span class="pagenum" id="Page_61">[61]</span> -afraid to fire on the other fearing he would -be firing on a friend instead of an enemy, -knowing too that the least disturbance -would precipitate a movement of both -armies and perhaps cause a battle which -in the darkness would have been horrible -to contemplate. Without understanding -their true relationship to each other, they -simultaneously turned and walked in opposite -directions and to this day the soldier -does not know whether he challenged a -friend or a foe.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Burned Bodies of the Dead.</span>—To -augment the horrors of the Wilderness -battles a fire broke out immediately following -the retreat of the enemy in an -engagement and swept over the battlefield -before the dead could be moved. The -picket line reconnoitering moving forward -to discover the position taken by the -retreating army was obliged to run over -the crisp burned bodies of Yankee soldiers -lying dead on the field. It was an awful -sight illustrating the horrors of war. The -soldiers on the picket line in consequence -of the heat, smoke and stench were very -nearly overcome and were driven to the -extreme necessity of drinking the turbid -waters of a ditch where dead bodies of -Yankee soldiers were lying very close.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Test of Valor.</span>—On the skirmish line -was the place to test the real powers of -the soldier. In the Southern army were -plain unassuming men, without reward or -the hope of reward, or even realizing that<span class="pagenum" id="Page_62">[62]</span> -they were doing anything extraordinary, -that performed deeds of daring that -stamped them as heroes of the highest -type.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Escape of the Enemy.</span>—Near the close -of the war an inducement was offered by -the Yankees to dissatisfied Southern soldiers -to pass through the lines, and occasionally -a sentinel would leave his post and -with his gun and equipments make a dash -for the lines on the other side. As he -approached the picket post on the other -side the Yankee sentinel would call out, -“Come in Johnnie.” A few soldiers -escaped sometimes under the fire of sentinels -at contiguous posts. While a few -citizens and soldiers crossed over the line -but few joined the Northern army.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Welcome Peace.</span>—Soldiers on both -sides were tired of war and welcomed the -treaty of peace, and were glad to return to -their homes and again engage in the quiet -peaceful pursuits of life.</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="verse">Four years of exposure suffering and strife</div> -<div class="verse">Ruined many a home and many a life,</div> -<div class="verse">At the end of the war many soldiers brave</div> -<div class="verse">Were peacefully sleeping in heroes graves.</div> -</div></div> - - -<p><span class="smcap">On the Warpath.</span>—The campaigns of -the civil war were generally vigorously -prosecuted in warm weather. In the good -old Summer time soldiers slept on blankets -thrown on the ground with nothing -but the canopy of heaven as a covering, -and then if they received marching orders -the boys had nothing to do but to take up -their beds and walk at quick step or if<span class="pagenum" id="Page_63">[63]</span> -in case of urgent necessity at double quick -time.</p> - -<p>Often while sweetly sleeping not disturbed -by the fear of Yankees or anything -else, the drum would beat and soldiers -would be aroused from sleep and then -there would be something doing, and very -soon the command would be moving.</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="verse">Though densely dark with no moon or star light,</div> -<div class="verse">The Southern boys were always ready for fight;</div> -<div class="verse">Although the Yankees did their methods despise,</div> -<div class="verse">They pounced upon them and took them by surprise.</div> -</div></div> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Unreliable Soldiers.</span>—On the warpath -the artful skulker did clever maneuvering -worthy of a better cause to sustain -his position that for plausible reasons he -ought to be an immune and not -required to join at the critical time when -the battle was on.</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="verse">Soldiers destitute of principle, morals or brain</div> -<div class="verse">Upon the fair name of an army cast a stain.</div> -<div class="verse">An army made up of figureheads, thugs and bums,</div> -<div class="verse">To an intelligent force is obliged to succumb,</div> -</div></div> - -<p>Fortunately the Southern army did not -have many of this class, and the few placed -as they were among soldiers disposed to -do their duty, were obliged to take their -places in line.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Music in Battle.</span>—Before the beginning -of hostilities the average citizens -were under the impression that soldiers -marched into battle to the tune of martial -music and to cheer them on the drums -would beat and the bands play, but soldiers’ -first experience convinced them that -a very different kind of music prevailed.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_64">[64]</span> -It was the terrific sound of bursting shells, -the hateful, hissing, singing of minnie balls, -mingled with commands of officers occasionally -heard above the din, and the -screams and groans of wounded and dying -soldiers crying for help and calling for -water to quench their burning thirst.</p> - -<p>Instead of selecting a certain soldier in -the enemy’s line as a target to shoot at, -a soldier merely leveled his gun and fired -at the line of battle of the enemy, dimly -seen through the smoke and dust, then -loaded his gun with another cartridge -and repeated. In a hotly contested fight -soldiers often shot fifty rounds of cartridges -and their guns got so hot that they -could scarcely grasp them with their -hands.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Battles.</span>—A succession of battles is by -no means a monotonous repetition. Each -battle has its peculiar phases. A battle is -often an exhibition of the artistic skill of -officers in arranging and maneuvering, and -of men carefully executing, and may be a -trial of physical endurance and the well -trained handling of the weapons of warfare -used. In any event a battle is a spectacular -scene imposing and grand.</p> - -<p>Opposing armies, on the warpath, -require but little provocation to induce -them to get up a rumpus. Battles are by -no means precipitated in a uniform cut -and dried way, but are brought about in -as many ways as there are battles fought. -A single shot fired by a picket from his<span class="pagenum" id="Page_65">[65]</span> -post may cause the picket lines to exchange -shots and fall back, and the commands -represented by them to settle the disturbance -by engaging in a battle. Cavalrymen -sometimes make a raid and start a -fight into which the entire armies are -drawn. Cannonading is a very common -way to start a fight. Sometimes a command -is surprised by a detachment from -the opposite army and a battle ensues, and -sometimes the armies come together -apparently without any preconcerted plan -on either side, simultaneously line up and -get busy, with their work of carnage.</p> - -<p>On the battlefield soldier life is delineated -in its most revolting phase. Two -contending armies present a spectacle -grand and awful to contemplate. The -surging masses of human beings intent on -each others destruction with the death -dealing artillery with its terrific roar and -the more destructive missiles of small -armies with their hateful hissing sounds, -together with the deafening cheers of the -moving armies, and the heartrending -screams and moans of the wounded and -dying make the scene agonizing to the -extreme. Two contending armies engaged -in battle present to the eye of the beholder -an indescribable panorama.</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Two contending: armies aligned for a fight</div> -<div class="verse">Present to the eye an imposing-sight,</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">When the pickets begin to exchange their shots,</div> -<div class="verse">The battle is on and soon gets hot.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">With terrific noise of destructive shells</div> -<div class="verse">And hissing minnie balls and soldiers’ yells,</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Such noise and confusion make a stunning din,</div> -<div class="verse">And in the smoke of battle there is a contest to win</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"><span class="pagenum" id="Page_66">[66]</span> -<div class="verse">The lines firm and steady throughout their length,</div> -<div class="verse">With stubborn persistence measure their strength.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Officers and men artful tactics display</div> -<div class="verse">Until one of the lines is forced to give way,</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Charge after charge, Greek meets Greek,</div> -<div class="verse">The two contending armies in deadly strife meet.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">The powers of the soldier both sides feel</div> -<div class="verse">As they force their way with steel against steel,</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Or perchance one line or the other overpowered gives way,</div> -<div class="verse">And the contest is ended, the victors win the day.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">The vanquished sometimes eager to be freed</div> -<div class="verse">Run for their lives in a disgraceful stampede.</div> -</div></div></div> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Battle Fields.</span>—Nature in some places -has provided spots of ground that answer -the purpose of belligerent armies where -one line has the advantage of protection -or shelter from the onslaughts of the other. -Where grounds have been selected not -affording safe protection against the invading -force, soldiers are subjected to hard -work throwing up breastworks, digging -intrenchments or placing abatis to entangle -the advancing army so as to detain it and -shoot down the soldiers while extricating -themselves from the entanglement. Every -device or subterfuge that the fertile brain -or imagination of man can discover or -invent is called into requisition to give an -advantage considered honorable in war. -Sometimes though contending armies -meet in open field in plain view of each -other and fight to the finish and retire from -the field leaving there a harrowing scene -of suffering and destruction. Sometimes -soldiers engage in hand to hand encounters, -display physical force, power of -endurance, and their expertness in handling -the weapons of warfare, sustained by -indomitable courage and stubborn willpower.</p> - - - - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_67">[67]</span><span class="smcap">After the Battle.</span>—The heat and -excitement of the battle having subsided -and the smoke cleared away, the battlefield -presents a harrowing scene that beggars -description. The grim monster death -having done its terrible work leaves its -impress on the faces of its unfortunate -victims. Passion, determination and conflicting -emotions plainly stamped on the -faces of the victims now wrapt in the cold -embrace of death.</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">After the battle is over a survey of the field</div> -<div class="verse">Will melt a heart as hard as steel;</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">The wounded with heartrending screams and moans</div> -<div class="verse">And pitiful calls for loved ones at home,</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Appeal to the sympathies causing one to grieve,</div> -<div class="verse">On account of being powerless the victims to relieve,</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">A quiet look at the faces of the dead</div> -<div class="verse">Fills ones soul with horror and dread.</div> -</div></div></div> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="CHAPTER_XI">CHAPTER XI.<br /> - - -<small>FOURTEENTH REGIMENT NORTH CAROLINA<br /> -INFANTRY AND GENERAL OFFICERS<br /> -OF THE ARMY OF NORTHERN VA.</small></h2> -</div> - -<h3><span class="smcap">Fourteenth N. C. Regiment.</span>—</h3> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">The beginning of the war was to some a surprise,</div> -<div class="verse">But the old Fourteenth at once organized;</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">The regiment marched to the front along with the first.</div> -<div class="verse">And was on the front line when shells began to burst.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">It was composed of ten companies of stalwart men,</div> -<div class="verse">Who were determined with the enemy to contend;</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">At Seven Pines and battles below Richmond to Malvern Hill,</div> -<div class="verse">The regiment fought with a determined will,</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Many of the men gallant and brave</div> -<div class="verse">On these battle fields filled bloody graves,</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Receiving recruits the regiment again took a start,</div> -<div class="verse">Displaying courage and endurance on the Maryland march,</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_68">[68]</span> -<div class="verse">Near Sharpsburg the regiment was in an old road aligned,</div> -<div class="verse">And fought the Yankees advancing in three lines;</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">The boys were conspicuous at the Wilderness, Chancellorsville and Mine Run</div> -<div class="verse">And at Spotsylvania and Gettysburg handled their guns,</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">In the thickest of the fight the regiment would be,</div> -<div class="verse">Fought to the finish and surrendered with Lee,</div> -</div></div></div> - -<p>While not pretending to write the history -of any special command, the writer -belonged to Co. B. 14th Regiment N. C. -Infantry which accounts for a casual reference -to the regiment in these sketches. -The regiment was composed of the following -companies—all North Carolinians:</p> - -<table> -<tr><td>Company</td><td class="tdl"> A, Halifax</td><td> County </td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdc">”</td><td class="tdl"> B, Davidson</td><td class="tdc"> ” </td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdc">”</td><td class="tdl"> C, Anson</td><td class="tdc"> ”</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdc">”</td><td class="tdl"> D, Cleveland</td><td class="tdc"> ”</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdc">”</td><td class="tdl"> E, Wake</td><td class="tdc"> ”</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdc">”</td><td class="tdl"> F, Buncombe</td><td class="tdc"> ”</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdc">”</td><td class="tdl"> G, Rockingham</td><td class="tdc"> ”</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdc">”</td><td class="tdl"> H, Stanley</td><td class="tdc"> ”</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdc">”</td><td class="tdl"> I, Davidson</td><td class="tdc"> ”</td></tr> -<tr><td class="tdc">”</td><td class="tdl"> K, Wake</td><td class="tdc"> ”</td></tr> -</table> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Company Officers.</span>—Company B, of -which I was a member was made up at -Thomasville and the immediate surrounding -country. The company was at first -commanded by Capt. Miller, but when -the company reorganized J. H. Lambeth -was elected captain, S. Hepler first lieutenant, -C. P. Jones second lieutenant and -Alex Leach third lieutenant. Captain -Lambeth was promoted to the position of -major and served in that capacity, until -the close of the war. Lieutenant Hepler -was wounded at Sharpsburg, lost an arm<span class="pagenum" id="Page_69">[69]</span> -and was not with the company very much -afterward. To fill a vacancy M. H. Cross -was elected lieutenant. Lieutenant Jones -was killed in battle, Lieutenant Leach’s -health failed in consequence of which he -was absent a great deal of the time and -the command of the company devolved -upon Lieutenant Cross. Neither of the -lieutenants were promoted to the captaincy. -The regiment was at first commanded by -Colonel Daniel, Lieutenant Colonel Lovejoy, -Major Faison and Adjutant Seaton -Gales. When the regiment reorganized -Roberts was elected colonel, Bennett -lieutenant colonel, Dixon major, and -Marshall adjutant. Roberts and Dixon -died and Bennett became colonel. Johnson -lieutenant colonel and J. H. Lambeth -major. Rev. Powers was chaplain all the -time. The 2nd, 4th, 14th, 30th and 1st -and 3rd consolidated—all N. C. regiments -composed a brigade commanded by Pemberton, -Colston, Anderson, Ramseur and -Cox consecutively. The brigade belonged -to a Division, commanded by D. H. Hill, -Rodes and Grimes consecutively. The -regiment served through the war and was -under the invincible Jackson until his -death and was proud of the distinction of -being in an army commanded by the immortal -Lee.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Unique Characters.</span>—In every command -there are unique characters, and the -Fourteenth was by no means an exception -to the general rule, for in the regiment<span class="pagenum" id="Page_70">[70]</span> -were members noted for varied peculiarities -or eccentricities. Surviving soldiers of -the regiment will pleasantly remember -Webb of Co. A and Crow of Co. K, Charlie -Hall of Co. B and Lee of Co. G.</p> - -<p>There were two great big fellows in the -regiment that did not look hungry but a -double daily ration had no charms for -them. Their names were Sergeant Rawly -of Co. G and Lieutenant Mitchell of Co. E.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">A Brave Soldier.</span>—At South Mountain -the regiment was exposed to a shower -of minnie balls, and was located at the -foot of a hill in a thicket of sprouts, weeds -and briers. A call was made for a volunteer -to carry a message through the thick -underbrush. In Co. B was an obscure -soldier named Morgan considered a kind -of a go easy good for nothing kind of a -fellow, although barefooted he at once -responded and stepped to the front to perform -the task without considering it to be -a perilous brave undertaking. He was -sustained by nerve and pluck that stamped -him as a brave man worthy of admiration.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Color Bearer.</span>—Bennett Russell color -bearer of the regiment, who carried the -colors in many hard fought battles, though -not a commissioned officer deserves honorable -mention. Although illiterate, unassuming -in manners, plain and not preposessing -in appearance.</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="verse">He was noble, generous and brave,</div> -<div class="verse">And imperiled his life his country to save.</div> -</div></div> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Amusing Scenes.</span>—The wit or humorist<span class="pagenum" id="Page_71">[71]</span> -was there to contribute his enlivening -influence to vary the sometimes sombre or -gloomy conditions existing in the camp. -Sometimes ludicrous incidents would occur -to excite laughter and amusement even -when danger was threateningly near. -Imagine soldiers running for life to keep -from being captured and thinking themselves -out of danger, swearing that they -would not move another inch if the entire -Yankee army pounced down upon them, -and a few shells burst throwing dirt upon -them and hissing singing minnie balls like -swarms of bees humming uncomfortably -near them, then think how soon they forget -their decided resolution to discontinue -running, start again and fairly burn the -wind until again out of harms way. To -one looking on, it is amusing to see the -movements and afterwards to hear their -quaint sayings. To the participants it is -anything else but funny, but after it is all -over they laugh about it and joke and jeer -each other unmercifully.</p> - -<p>In the campaign in the valley the Rebels -ran the Yankees many a time, and occasionally -their speed was very much accelerated -by their being in front and the Yankees -keeping up close in the rear, and -treating them to volleys of shot and shell.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">On the Campaign.</span>—The regiment was -conspicuous in the battles of Williamsburg, -Seven Pines, through the battles below -Richmond to Malvern Hill. After coming -out of this strenuous campaign the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_72">[72]</span> -regiment very much worsted by exposure, -disease and loss of killed, wounded and -missing in battle went into camp near -Richmond and rested awhile. Many of its -gallant officers and men had fallen to rise -no more, and others were sick or wounded -in the hospitals or at home on furlough. -Recruits came to take the places of the -absent ones, and very soon the regiment -with the command started on the famous -march to Maryland. The regiment passed -through the battlefield of the second -Manassas fight and a gruesome, sickening -sight presented itself.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Distressing Scenes.</span>—Dead bodies of -Yankee soldiers were strewn thickly over -the field, that in the hasty retreat of the -Yankee army and pursuit of the Southern -forces, were left unburied on the field. The -boys endured exposures and hardships -galore and many of them had to succumb. -It was necessary to enforce rigid discipline -which under the circumstances was a difficult -matter. Many hardships had to be -endured that were apparently unfair and -uncalled for but the demands of war are -imperative and must be submitted to. Soldiers -in the ranks and officers in command -were compelled to witness distressing -scenes, and were powerless to render assistance -to the suffering and dying. On the -march soldiers exhausted fell out of ranks -sometimes when there were no facilities to -provide for them, were obliged to take -their chances and often lost their lives for<span class="pagenum" id="Page_73">[73]</span> -want of attention. On the battlefield the -surging masses intent on the destruction -of each other had no time to give to personal -friends however near and dear they -might be. Distressing scenes were witnessed -and assistance given when possible -to do so. Sometimes near friends or even -brothers were shot down in battle and the -demands so urgent to move forward that -the poor dying comrade had to die without -being permitted to listen to the voice -of a friend to comfort him while passing -to the unknown land. On two occasions -the Fourteenth was called out to witness -the execution of some poor soldiers -belonging to the army pay the penalty of -desertion. It is heartrending to see a comrade -shot down in the heat of battle, but -it is a more distressing scene to see a soldier -shot at the stake.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Battles Engaged In.</span>—At Sharpsburg -the regiment was aligned in an old road -near the village and fought the Yankees -advancing in three lines of battle. The -regiment was cut to pieces and many were -killed, wounded or missing. The regiment -also figured conspicuously in the battles -of Gettysburg, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, -Wilderness, Hatchers Run, Winchester, -Mine Run, Cedar Creek and many -other battles and skirmishes down to the -surrender at Apomattox.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Victory and Defeat.</span>—At Cedar Creek -the Fourteenth in one day experienced the -exultation of victory and the humiliation<span class="pagenum" id="Page_74">[74]</span> -of defeat. The following lines give a partial -description of the exciting transactions -of the day:</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Just after dark an order came</div> -<div class="verse">To fall in line and answer to our names;</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">An order then came to move without delay,</div> -<div class="verse">And very soon we were marching on the way.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Around the hill our line was strung,</div> -<div class="verse">There was no blowing of the fife or beating of the drum,</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">An order in a whisper came down the line</div> -<div class="verse">That no one must talk even in a whisper at any time.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">We marched all night with scarcely a stop</div> -<div class="verse">So still we could have heard a pencil drop;</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">We were marching on to a certain doom,</div> -<div class="verse">Destined to engage in a battle very soon.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Far to the right we heard the report of a signal gun</div> -<div class="verse">And to the left the report of another one,</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">In front we saw the flash and heard the report of a gun,</div> -<div class="verse">And was ordered to move forward in a run.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Forward double quick march was the cry,</div> -<div class="verse">And the surprised Yankees did swiftly fly;</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">They were in their tents their breakfasts cooking</div> -<div class="verse">And were by no means for the Rebels looking;</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">They left meat and vegetables cooking in the pot</div> -<div class="verse">And cans of coffee smoking hot.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">When they heard the familiar Rebel Yell</div> -<div class="verse">There was not one left the tale to tell;</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">We captured wagon trains, ammunition and men,</div> -<div class="verse">Drove prisoners to the rear and put them in a pen,</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">It was fun to see the Yankees run,</div> -<div class="verse">And we hurried them on by firing our guns.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">We emptied our cartridge boxes of fifty rounds;</div> -<div class="verse">The continued firing made the hills resound,</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">We ran the Yankees down and pulled them in,</div> -<div class="verse">And the way we captured prisoners was a sin,</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">It is said it is a long lane that has no turning,</div> -<div class="verse">And we finally got to the end of our journey,</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">The enemy was reenforced by another command,</div> -<div class="verse">Then we turned and run and raised the sand.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">For five long miles under shot and shell</div> -<div class="verse">For real swift running we made it tell,</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Finally the sun went down and darkness came</div> -<div class="verse">And the Yankees ceased their fiery flame.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">The armies scattered, ran to and fro,</div> -<div class="verse">Not knowing how or where to go,</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">The enemy halted in the darkness of the night</div> -<div class="verse">And our scattered forces continued the flight.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">In our hasty retreat we lost in our flight</div> -<div class="verse">All we had gained in the morning fight.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">The surprise was successful and our victory complete,</div> -<div class="verse">If we had been able the prisoners guns and wagon trains to keep.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Fortunes are made and lost in a day,</div> -<div class="verse">And battles sometimes won and lost in the same time and way.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">After the battle was over we had cause to weep,</div> -<div class="verse">And regretted meeting the enemy at Cedar Creek.</div> -</div></div></div> - - - - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_75">[75]</span><span class="smcap">Decisive Battle.</span>—At Gettysburg perhaps -a battle which was the turning point -of the war, the elements seemed to be a -lurid flame of fire, so desperate was the -conflict and so hot and appalling the work -of death and destruction. The machinery -of warfare seemed to be turned loose and -its operators proud of the distinction of -handling it in such an effective manner, -enabling it to do its deadly work.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">The Enemy Surprised.</span>—One sultry -morning marching orders were received -and the Fourteenth in column with other -portions of the command, for hours marched -at quicktime, and sometimes double-quicking. -Men overcome with heat -fainted by the wayside, but positive orders -to continue the march were rigidly enforced. -Late in the evening the enemy -was surprised and attacked in the rear and -a fight ensued beginning the Chancellorsville -engagements.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Battle at Chancellorsville.</span>—After -dark Jackson and his staff rode through a -piece of woods and was fired upon by his -own men, obeying his own orders, receiving -a wound which was the indirect cause -of his death. The soldiers in the regiment -distinctly heard the volley that caused the -death of their loved commander. It is said -that Lee seriously remarked upon the death -of Jackson that it was a loss of his right -arm. When the fatal shot was fired and -Jackson received the death blow, the hopes -of the Confederacy began to wane. General<span class="pagenum" id="Page_76">[76]</span> -Stewart was put in command in Jackson’s -place and the next day a hotly contested -battle was fought. After being -engaged in the battle several hours we -were relieved and orderly falling back. -The general came along and thinking there -was a stampede ordered the forces back to -the front. Col. Bennett said to him, -“Gen. Stewart we have been relieved by -the Stonewall brigade” adding “I have -the most gallant regiment in the field.” -The general then said, “I beg ten thousand -pardons” and moved on leaving the impression -on the minds of the soldiers that -he was a chivalrous brave commander. -After we had gotten to the foot of the hill -Gen. Ramseur undertook to congratulate -the men but was so overcome with emotion -that he said he could not talk. Col. Bennett -came to the rescue saying “I can talk” -and in a stentorian tone began to praise -the men. He was cheered to the echo and -the surrounding hills and valleys resounded -with the Rebel Yell.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">At Apomattox.</span>—The gallant Fourteenth -was a fighting regiment and fought to the -finish. At Apomattox though it did not -retain the appearance of its former glory. -But few of the tried and true were left to -see for the last time the immortal Lee and -with tears in their eyes hear his farewell -address. The regiment broke ranks and -turned their faces southward glad to return -to their homes and loved ones, but sad at -the thought of the humiliation of defeat<span class="pagenum" id="Page_77">[77]</span> -and uncertain about how they would be -treated by their conquerors.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">General Officers.</span>—The short sketch -of the few officers of the army of Northern -Virginia who were distinguished for their -generalship, heroism and bravery could be -continued by the addition of other names -equally as brave and equally as famous. -Scores of them who wore the stars or bars -did many acts of daring and gained many -victories by their good judgment, cool and -deliberate maneuvering, but we must not -forget the rank and file for upon the private -soldiers the heavy burden fell, and -they usually responded in a manner entirely -satisfactory. Honor is due to the -brave men in the ranks who were prompted -by duty alone and who fought so gallantly -without reward or the hope of reward.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">General Cox</span> was a young man and as -an officer presented a fine appearance, -dressed up to date and one not familiar -with his ways would come to the conclusion -that he was vain or selfconceited, but -seeing him in the performance of duty in -his every day soldier life would dispel any -such illusion. He set an example of neatness, -and his military bearing was not put -on but natural. His nature and disposition -were generous, and he looked after -the welfare of the men under him and was -not tyrannical in his discipline. When the -time came for action he did not think of -soiling his clothes but entered into the -thickest of the fight and unwaveringly<span class="pagenum" id="Page_78">[78]</span> -stayed with his command and fought to -the finish. He survived the war and has -figured conspicuously in the management -of affairs to perpetuate good government -and the enforcement of the law as a just -judge on the bench.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">General Grimes</span> by the casual observer, -would not have been selected from a -crowd of officers as a man of extraordinary -ability or above the average as a military -commander. Though plain and unassuming -he was a soldier of fighting proclivities -and his shrill, clear, fine voice heard above -the din common in the beginning of an -engagement was an inspiration to his men. -He was the hero of many battles and lived -to witness the closing scenes of the war -and near his home was the victim of -assassination from ambush by parties -lying concealed waiting for him.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">General Ramsuer</span> was impetuous, -impatient, aggressive and by some regarded -as foolhardy. If fighting was going on -he was not satisfied if he was not permitted -to take a hand. He has been known to -ride between our own and the enemy’s -picket lines apparently insensible of danger, -and at a time too when a fight was -momentarily expected. He was known -and acknowledged as a fighter and his -men followed him without questioning the -expediency of his movements. He was -tender-hearted to the extreme and in the -presence of his men has been seen to break -down and weep like a child, verifying the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_79">[79]</span> -old adage that “The brave are tender-hearted.”</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">General Rodes</span> was an officer having -a commanding appearance. Decision -of character was plainly depicted upon his -countenance. It is often said that a man’s -face is an index to his character. The -casual observer looking into the face of -the general could not fail to see stamped -there a plain indication of a generous disposition. -His cordial and lovable disposition -drew men to him, and his deportment -in battle stamped him as a fearless brave -soldier. Cool and collected as he was in -battle, in the engagement in which he was -killed just before he was slain he seemed -to be excited as if he had a premonition -of his impending doom, but his sun set -in a halo of glory and his name will go -down in history as a hero.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">General D. H. Hill</span>, was a brave commander, -had a tender regard for the welfare -of his men and being of a humane disposition -looked after minor details that the -most of officers of his rank left entirely to -subordinates. At one time on a march he -discovered that many of the men were -barefooted and their feet sore—some of -them bleeding. He was powerless to furnish -shoes and issued an order for the soldiers -to make shoes out of rawhides. The -order was given with a view of ameliorating -the condition of the men and really -did to some extent, but was not received -by the men in the same spirit it was given<span class="pagenum" id="Page_80">[80]</span> -and they in ridicule named him “Rawhide.” -He was held in high esteem by -his men, and they admired his fighting -qualities. In battle he was firm as an -unshaken rock, and the boys said that not -a muscle would quiver even when shells -were bursting around him and bullets were -cutting close.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">General A. P. Hill</span> was a peer of the -bravest and most successful general officers -of his rank who were co-workers with him -in the army of Northern Virginia. He -commanded with judgment; maneuvered -and executed with skill and proved himself -worthy of the position he occupied. In -the hour of danger he did not waver and -in the heat of battle stood firmly with his -men.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">General Ewell</span> was a little, scrawny, -weakly looking fellow but a fighter with -a reputation. He succeeded Jackson in -command and while he did not claim to -be his equal. The mantle of the famous -general fell upon a worthy one, who did -not degrade but kept the command up to -a respectable standard. In an engagement -when perhaps many a commanding officer -would have been far enough to the rear to -have protected himself, he was wounded -and in consequence of the wound had to -submit to an operation and had his leg -amputated, but did not make his misfortune -an excuse to retire from service, but -remained with his command and fought to -the finish.</p> - - - - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_81">[81]</span><span class="smcap">General Early</span> was regarded as rather -eccentric, and acquired a reputation for -gaining many battles and losing out in the -end. After bagging his game he seemed -not to have the ability to retain it. On -one occasion after driving the Yankees -unceremoniously from their position he -passed along and familiarly said to the -soldiers, “Boys you walloped it to ’em -this time.” For many weeks he kept his -command on the run either in hot pursuit -of the Yankees or running in a stampede -from them. He kept the Yankees in constant -dread and did some very effective -work as a commanding officer.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">General Stuart</span> was a dashy cavalry -general and when he went on the warpath -there was something doing. He with other -cavalry officers, such as Hampton, Mosby, -Imboden and others terrorized the Yankees -and often made them hit the grit and burn -the wind to get out of the way. The -cavalry force under his leadership very -materially assisted the main army in -successfully carrying out its plans on -the campaign. General Stuart took -Jackson’s place at Chancellorsville, and -successfully prosecuted the engagement -that occurred the day after Jackson’s -unfortunate adventure while riding along -the lines, resulting in his serious wound -that disabled him and finally caused his -death. He was a fine looking man and a -gallant commanding officer and lost his -life in a cavalry engagement at the Yellow<span class="pagenum" id="Page_82">[82]</span> -Tavern.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">General Longstreet</span> held a high position -among the officers of the army, and -in its counsels his fine military mind exerted -an influence towards shaping aggressive -campaigns. His command did some hard -and effective fighting. Wherever the tramp -of the soldiers in his corps was heard, -Southern soldiers were encouraged and the -Federal troops terror stricken. The Yankees -learned of his name and fame and -feared him accordingly.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">General Breckenridge</span> was tall symmetrical -and impressed one in his presence -with his attractive personality. He belonged -to a leading Kentucky family and -was in the war prompted by a sense of -duty and loyalty to his country. He was -a leading factor in the counsels of the -officers in shaping the character of the -military movements.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">General Gordon</span> was a fair type of the -Southern gentleman, and his very appearance -indicated soldier qualities of a high -order. He was an educated man and his -literary attainments gave him prominence -in the counsels of war held by the general -officers. In prosecuting military movements -he called into requisition his fine -military talent, experience, good judgment -and discretion. After the war he became -distinguished for his eloquence and became -a fine platform lecturer.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">General Wheeler</span>, better known as -fighting Jo Wheeler, a good portion of the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_83">[83]</span> -time had his headquarters in his saddle, -and his command was expert horseback -riders. With his boys he was in his proper -element when chastising the Yankees. It -was said that he slipped upon their blind -side and it seemed that all sides were blind -for he was liable to attack them from any -point of the compass, and his raids were a -great help to the main army. His command -returning home after the surrender -was followed by a gang of looters that -stole horses and committed other depredations -claiming to be Wheeler’s men. General -Wheeler figured conspicuously in the -Spanish-Cuban war retaining in his old -age his fire and courage as a soldier.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">General Jackson</span> was a military chieftain -whose equal in his special line or plan -of conducting a campaign could not be -found in the army. He never tried to -evade a battle when it was in the interest -of the cause he represented to fight, but by -his dashing movements often accomplished -by strategy victories that could not have -been achieved in battle. He was loved by -officers and men in his command, and they -placed implicit confidence in him. His -name and presence cheered them on to -deeds of valor, and the mere rumor in the -camp of the enemy that Jackson was coming -made officers and soldiers tremble in -their boots. They feared him as a foe, but -respected him for his clever management, -and admired him for his heroism and wonderful -achievements.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_84">[84]</span></p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="verse">The name of the illustrious Jackson should have a place</div> -<div class="verse">In the history of heroes on the brightest page,</div> -<div class="verse">He was a born commander and leader of men,</div> -<div class="verse">A terror to his enemies—a beacon light to his friends.</div> -<div class="verse">On the march or in battle he moved without fear</div> -<div class="verse">Of the world’s greatest generals he was a peer;</div> -<div class="verse">His artful maneuvering and quick movements did save</div> -<div class="verse">The live of many a soldier brave.</div> -<div class="verse">Passing down the line soldiers always could tell</div> -<div class="verse">That Jackson was coming by the Rebel yell;</div> -<div class="verse">His name and heroism gave hope to the Nation,</div> -<div class="verse">And his presence among the soldiers caused an ovation,</div> -<div class="verse">When the fatal shot was fired that struck the hero down,</div> -<div class="verse">The cause of Southern independence waned and gloom did abound;</div> -<div class="verse">The sad news of his wound gave to Lee alarm,</div> -<div class="verse">And he mournfully said, I have lost my right arm.</div> -</div></div> - - -<p><span class="smcap">General Robert E. Lee</span>, commander -of the army of Northern Virginia, was in -many respects superior to any military -chieftain the world has ever produced. He -was a patriot, statesman, scholar, military -hero and consecrated christian gentleman. -On one occasion a portion of the Southern -army was facing the enemy in full view of -the line of battle. Dark threatening clouds -were near and pelting hailstones and fleaks -of snow were beginning to fall. The soldiers -were shivering with cold, obeying -orders issued not to move from their position -or build any fires. The general in a -soft tender voice so characteristic of the -man ordered the officers to allow the soldiers -to build temporary shelters with pine -brush to shelter them from the hail and -snow and to build fires. In a very short -time they were protected from the storm -and fairly comfortable by the blazing fire -prepared. He lead the grand army to victory -in battles, and when at last overpowered<span class="pagenum" id="Page_85">[85]</span> -by superior numbers he was obliged -to surrender, he went down not in disgrace -but glorious in defeat, and when history -gives a true record comparing him with -the greatest of military heroes his name -will be emblazoned on the brightest page -outshining them all.</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="verse">In our country’s broad arena no generation ever will see</div> -<div class="verse">A military chieftain—an equal of the immortal Lee;</div> -<div class="verse">He could have commanded armies backed by wealth and display,</div> -<div class="verse">And have been recognized as the greatest general of the day.</div> -<div class="verse">While over that army the Stars and Stripes waved</div> -<div class="verse">He could have commanded soldiers gallant and brave,</div> -<div class="verse">But he sacrificed wealth, position and fame,</div> -<div class="verse">And to the rescue of his native home gallantly came.</div> -<div class="verse">In victory he was magnanimous heroic and great,</div> -<div class="verse">But his luster shined more brilliantly in defeat.</div> -<div class="verse">Among the world’s greatest generals he stands at the head,</div> -<div class="verse">The greatest military chieftain living or dead.</div> -<div class="verse">When his sun went down there was sorrow and gloom</div> -<div class="verse">Among the inmates of every Southern home;</div> -<div class="verse">He commanded an army of soldiers without a peer</div> -<div class="verse">And to every Southern soldier his memory is dear.</div> -</div></div> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Recapitulation.</span>—The short sketch of -the general officers named closes the -Reminiscences of the war period. There -may be some discrepancies and possibly -some errors as everything noticed is quoted -from memory, and a lapse of more than -forty years ought to be accepted as a valid -excuse for any mistakes. The narrative is -claimed to be true, and the object of the -writer has been to deal fairly and impartially -with all classes referred to.</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">These general officers leaders in their time,</div> -<div class="verse">With gallant subordinates all along the line,</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Commanded an army that was complete,</div> -<div class="verse">Glorious in victory and defeat.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<span class="pagenum" id="Page_86">[86]</span> -<div class="verse">The world never saw and there never will be</div> -<div class="verse">An army to equal the one commanded by Jackson and Lee,</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Soldiers in the ranks from the best families came,</div> -<div class="verse">And fought for their country and not for a name;</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">At home they left property, mothers, sisters, sweethearts and wives</div> -<div class="verse">To protect these treasures they imperiled their lives</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">The Union was preserved not alone by Union men,</div> -<div class="verse">But by Aliens that came across the cause to defend,</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">The Stars and Bars folded trailed in the dust,</div> -<div class="verse">And the Stars and Stripes waved as it waved at first.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">The Southern army overpowered in the struggle lost out,</div> -<div class="verse">But left to Southern people an inheritance of which they are proud.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">Now all sections of our country fight under one flag,</div> -<div class="verse">And when the Southern boy is called for he does not lag.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">We love our country no less than before,</div> -<div class="verse">But fight for it because we love the Sunny South more.</div> -</div></div></div> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="CHAPTER_XII">CHAPTER XII.<br /> - - -<small>RECONSTRUCTION PERIOD.</small></h2> -</div> - -<p><span class="smcap">Surrender of Lee.</span>—On the ninth day -of April 1865 at Apomattox Virginia General -Lee surrendered to General Grant, -after four years struggle in perhaps the -most awful war of modern times. Only -a remnant of the once powerful and vigorous -army was left to share in the humiliation. -A large proportion of the gallant -soldiers of the army over which the -immortal Lee was the commander had -fallen to rise no more, and the few remaining -were broken down by the continued -hardships of the four years struggle. Being -overpowered they humbly submitted to -the inevitable and in good faith accepted -the terms given by their conquerors and -returned to their homes, thousands of which<span class="pagenum" id="Page_87">[87]</span> -were broken up, and thousands more in -mourning for loved ones who had perished -in the war.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Right to Secede.</span>—The question as to -whether a State had a right to secede from -the General Government could not be settled -by arbitration or legislation, and had -been submitted to the arbitrament of the -sword and decided in the negative. The -Federal government through its civil representatives -and military hosts claimed and -proclaimed a State had no right to secede. -An overwhelming majority of the people -north of Mason and Dixon’s line embraced -this theory. Southern people embraced -the opinion that States had the inalienable -right to rebel against the government, if -the rights vouchsafed to said states by -the constitution were infringed upon. After -four years of civil war unparalleled for its -severity and extent of loss of life and property, -the issue was settled in favor of the -Northern idea, and Southern soldiers -accepted their parole, took the oath of -allegiance to the government of the United -States in good faith, and returned home -to take up life again as peaceable, loyal -citizens.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Sherman’s March to the Sea.</span>—A few -days previous and subsequent to the surrender -of Lee, Johnson with his army was -retreating towards North Carolina, with -Sherman in hot pursuit, on his famous -march to the sea. General Sherman, -talented, as he was, holding a key to the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_88">[88]</span> -situation, must have known that the end -of the so called rebellion was near at hand, -but leading his Vandal hosts with pine -torch in hand, careless with fire, seemed to -take a fiendish pleasure listening to the -crackling conflagrations and witnessing -the lurid sheets of flame as it swallowed up -barns full of feed and stock and palaces, -cottages and all kinds of residences with -the accumulation of the lifetime of the -occupants, and the inmates themselves, -helpless women and children driven out -of doors, groping their way through the -dense smoke and darkness, hurried on with -agonizing fear and dread of personal harm -that was terrible beyond description. A -man of intelligence raised in a land of -Bibles under christian influence that could -gloat over such orgies is more in need of -missionary influence than the inhabitants -of Greenland’s icy mountain or India’s -coral strand.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Home Coming of Soldiers.</span>—For several -weeks after the surrender of Lee and -Johnson, the soldiers continued to return -to their homes and returning divested -themselves of their army clothes worn, -dirty and sometimes infested with vermin -sad reminders of camp and prison life. -The old clothes were burned and the soldiers -dressed in citizens clothes that had -been laid aside four years before, or in new -clothes that thoughtful mothers, sisters or -wives had prepared in anticipation of their -home coming. The soldiers were welcomed<span class="pagenum" id="Page_89">[89]</span> -home by their people who rejoiced -to see them return. On some occasions -they were met by mothers, sisters or wives -who had passed through four years of great -tribulation, and sometimes by hungry, -ragged children, made more than orphans -by the war. To welcome the return of the -soldiers. Nature seemed to smile in -extravagant luxuriance. Flowers were -blooming, growing crops were springing -up in a prolific growth, promising a bountiful -harvest. The soldiers became citizens -and relieved women and children of burdens -of farm work that their forced absence -had put upon them, and under the changed -condition of affairs everything was in a -fair way to resume normal conditions.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Assassination of Lincoln.</span>—Very -soon after the surrender of Lee, Abraham -Lincoln, president of the United States, -was assassinated and Southern people -deplored the sad event. Although the -leaders and common people of the South -had nothing to do with the awful crime, it -had a tendency to intensify the already -bitter feeling of the radical element North, -and this element began to clamor for -revenge, demanding the punishment of -innocent people of the South for a crime -for which they were in no way responsible -but entirely innocent. If Lincoln had not -have been removed by death from the presidency -and could have exerted an influence -that the promptings of his really generous -nature would have caused him to<span class="pagenum" id="Page_90">[90]</span> -endeavor to use, it would have been a -boon to the downtrodden people of the -Southland. The average soldier was disposed -to get to work and really did get to -work with an honest endeavor to repair -the damage done, and to build up the -waste places.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Federal Officers.</span>—The rulers or -representatives of the general government -could have immortalize themselves and -their names would have gone down in history -as benefactors, but instead they took -a different view of the situation and apparently -actuated by a revengeful spirit heaped -up burdens that made the suffering people -cry out in agony “How long will this -state of affairs exist.”</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Conduct of Yankee Soldiers.</span>—Early -in the Spring of 1865 the war was rapidly -coming to a close and the Yankee soldiers -were invading every nook and corner. -Some of them acted very gentlemanly and -did what they could to protect private -property, but others committed depredations, -terrified the people and stole or -impressed, as they called it, the most of -the good horses, sometimes leaving worn -out old scrubby plugs for farmers to make -their crops with, and then other gangs -would come along and take these leaving -farmers without horses. In the Summer -the army horses were corralled at different -places, sold at auction to the highest bidder -and brought from one to fifty dollars -a piece. In this way they got about all<span class="pagenum" id="Page_91">[91]</span> -the money the citizens had managed to get -hold of.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Looters Follow Yankee Army.</span>—In -the rear of the Yankee army there followed -a motley gang of looters that were ignorant, -vicious and some of them penitentiary -convicts. This despicable class, that -would not have been invited into the -homes of respectable people where they -lived, set themselves up as leaders to plunder, -steal and overawe the good citizens -of the desolated country.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Provisional Government.</span>—The Southern -people soon learned to their sorrow -that if a state did not have a right to -secede that the states which were in -rebellion were not considered in the union. -Provisional Governments were forced upon -the Southern States and in North Carolina -W. W. Holden, who perhaps had done -more to bring about, foster and encourage -the secession of the state than any other -man within her borders, was made governor -of the state, and a reign of terror, misrule -and tyranny began. A governor with -a retinue of ignorant, vicious, dishonest -followers, willing and anxious to humiliate -and punish the leading and best citizens of -the state, caused a distressing state of -affairs to exist.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">The Negro Enfranchised.</span>—To still -further humiliate the Southern people an -amendment was added to the constitution -which placed the ballot in the hands of -every negro man in the South twenty-one<span class="pagenum" id="Page_92">[92]</span> -years old, and not satisfied with this leading -citizens of the South were disfranchised. -Thousands of the most prominent and -influential citizens of the State of North -Carolina were disfranchised. An election -was ordered and held but everything was -one way, and many of the poll holders -were big “buck niggers” that would not -have known the Constitution of the United -States from the Ten Commandments.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Carpetbaggers.</span>—The carpetbaggers -and low down thieves, thugs and bums -that were tacked on to the tail end of the -Yankee army and left to torture, torment -and terrorize the peaceable, law-abiding -citizens of the South were now busy with -their fiendish work. They had already -done effective preparatory work by visiting -and mingling freely with an element -congenial to their degraded and vitiated -tastes. They had frequented negro cabins -which were thickly scattered over the -country. These ignorant, confiding negroes -were easily prevailed upon to meet in old -fields, woods, or old houses located in -obscure places where they organized and -instructed them.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">The Negro Politicians.</span>—The negro -politician loomed up and these self-constituted -bosses pictured to them in glowing -colors the beauty and grandeur of a position -they would occupy where their former -owners and other leading white citizens -would have to bow the knee and acknowledge -their royal authority. They were<span class="pagenum" id="Page_93">[93]</span> -informed that the lands owned by Southern -white people would be confiscated and -divided out among them. Some of them -in obedience to instructions went so far as -to stake off forty acres of land where they -wanted it, with the assurance that it would -be given them. They were also promised -with the forty acres of land and a mule, and -were happy in anticipation in the near -future of being in possession of immense -wealth. Their political aspirations were if -possible more extravagant. Offices not -wanted by these designing political robbers -were parcelled out to negroes that -they could use to do their bidding.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Election a Farce.</span>—An election was -held that was worse than a farce. The -negroes marched up to the polls like droves -of sheep and deposited a piece of paper in -a box that they could not have told by -looking at it whether it was a ballot or -ticket for passage on a railroad or admission -into a theatre. In North Carolina -the ballot boxes were sent to Charleston, -S. C., for the ballots to be counted by a -military commander. To the legislature -were elected a few good citizens and a host -of carpetbaggers, scalawags, and negroes, -the last three named having overwhelming -majorities.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Legislature.</span>—The legislature met -composed of this motley crew to enact -laws for the government of the people of -our loved State. In the legislature were -a few representative members mixed in<span class="pagenum" id="Page_94">[94]</span> -with the disreputable carpetbaggers, scalawags -and ignorant negroes, and an organization -effected by a few sharp unprincipled -alien adventurers who at once began -to plan a system of robbery bold, insolent -and disgraceful, and their corrupt ignorant -tools were ready to do anything dictated -by them. The legislature remained in session -an entire year, the members voting -themselves seven dollars per day, and some -of them computing their mileage over a -roundabout way to give them an excuse -to augment their mileage accounts. The -public school fund that had been -sacredly preserved through the four years -vicissitudes of war was taken to pay the -per diem of the members of the mob that -had convened under the name of legislature. -State bonds were voted and issued -for millions of dollars ostensibly to build -railroads, but the proceeds of the bonds -were gobbled up by money sharks and no -railroads built. Many of these bonds were -later repudiated by the state as fraudulent. -A system of state, county and municipal -government prevailed that was oppressive, -and the good people of the state were -humiliated and felt outraged without having -any chance to remedy the evil existing.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">County Officers.</span>—In the legislature -were several negroes and in some counties -were negro sheriffs, registers of deeds, -county commissioners, magistrates and -school committees. While such a state of<span class="pagenum" id="Page_95">[95]</span> -affairs was humiliating, perhaps the carpetbaggers -and some of the homemade -scalawags who forgetting and forsaking -their race and color, acting with them -were, if possible, a worse curse to the -state than the negro himself. White people -were arrested upon warrants issued by -negro magistrates who tried their cases -and gloated over an opportunity to punish -them. Extortionate taxes were levied and -collected and in some counties claims were -held by officers and people were obliged to -sell them at a tremendous discount and -the officers and their pet partners would -buy them in and pay themselves full value -from the county fund. Their outrageous -extravagance disgusted all decent white -people and their methods were universally -condemned. The negro as a politician -became aggressive and the bosses were -obliged to put their names on the ticket -because in many places they furnished the -voting population. Negroes became offensive -and entirely ignored their former -owners and other white friends who were -disposed to treat them fairly, and accepted -as their advisers these low down carpetbaggers -and if possible lower scalawags. -The negro depended almost entirely for -his living upon the better class of white -people and notwithstanding all his prejudice -and bitterness, acknowledged this -fact, but a dirty thief or a dirty, no account -white man of the class used to do their -dirty work would tell them if they voted<span class="pagenum" id="Page_96">[96]</span> -with the old secession crowd, as they called -them, they would be put back in slavery, -but if they voted as they suggested they -would surely get the forty acres of land -and a mule, and what was still more pleasing -to them would place themselves in a -position to wreak revenge on this now -despised class. Some of the hireling serfs -were willing to sell their birthright for less -than a miserable mess of potage, and went -so far as to advise the poor, ignorant, confiding -negro, in case he was refused work -by this class of white people, to steal such -as he needed from the corn cribs, wheat -houses, smoke houses and if that would -not suffice to burn their barns or to burn -them out of house and home.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Crimes Committed.</span>—Under this wicked -teaching or training crimes galore were -committed and men were unsafe and women -insecure to go along the streets or -highways. Instead of law and order -anarchy reigned supreme and crime stalked -boldly in the land heretofore noted for -peace, happiness and prosperity.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Negroes Offensive.</span>—Young negroes -became offensive as a result of the false -training of this vicious class of men and -some women, pretended religious enthusiasts, -who knew nothing of the class of -people to whom they were teaching a -doctrine of direct or indirect social equality. -Ambitious notions took possession of -the bestial natures of some of the worst -element of the race and results revolting<span class="pagenum" id="Page_97">[97]</span> -to think of blackened the page of history -of this fearful period.</p> - -<p>W. W. Holden was then governor of -North Carolina, and could have used his -fine talent, directed in a proper channel, to -have been a blessing instead of a curse to -the people of the State whom it was his -sworn duty to protect instead of persecuting. -The Executive and Judicial powers -of the State were silent as the grave and -by their silence put their seal of approval -upon the disgraceful transactions, thus -staining their administration with crime -and the approval of crime and becoming a -party seeking and wreaking revenge.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Ku Klux Klan.</span>—The ferocious -wretches became so bold in the commission -of their outrages that in defense of life and -property the good people of the country -organized a society called by different -names in different places but known every -where as the “Ku Klux Klan.” The object -of the organization was to secure protection -that the pretended officers of the -law failed to give to the oppressed people.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Holden and Kirk.</span>—Governor Holden -prevailed with his gang of blind partizans -in the legislature to pass a law authorizing -him to declare martial law in any part of -the state. This he proceeded to do in a -few counties and had some citizens of the -highest character, accused of committing -heinous crimes. Federal troops were sent -to these counties, not troops made up in -the state, but a gang of cut-throats from<span class="pagenum" id="Page_98">[98]</span> -Tennessee, commanded by an acknowledged -vicious wretch by the name of Kirk.</p> - -<p>Governor Holden was not satisfied with -the scope of power given him, but wrote -to the president asking for Federal authority -allowing arrests to be made and parties -tried before a military tribunal hoping to -have some of the best citizens of the state -shot at the stake. Congress refused to -confer on the president the power to declare -martial law. The governor and his -crowd had to depend on such state authority -as they had managed to usurp. Col. -Kirk with his gang had invaded the state -under the direction of the governor and -more than one hundred citizens were -arrested and imprisoned by Kirk and his -minions.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Judiciary Exhausted.</span>—Chief Justice -Pearson had until this time been regarded -as a just judge, and application was made -to him for a writ of habeas corpus that -men in prison might know why they were -imprisoned. Judge Pearson granted the -writ but when an attempt was made to -serve it on Kirk he ignored it under the -plea that he was acting under orders from -Governor Holden. Counsel of the prisoners -asked for further process to punish Kirk -but the Chief Justice held that his power -was exhausted and that the Judiciary could -not contend with the Executive. The highest -judges in the state claimed to be powerless -and the Holden Kirk conspirators, -although panting to get recognition from<span class="pagenum" id="Page_99">[99]</span> -the Federal Government, began to make -preparations to form a Drumhead court to -consist of thirteen members—seven to be -appointed by the governor and six by -Colonel Kirk. The Chief Executive of the -state expecting to preside over this court -and try cases with the Judiciary in sight -and hearing, declaring itself helpless.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Judge Brooks.</span>—The right will usually -prevail and Judge Brooks a Federal Judge -listened to the cry of the distressed and -oppressed and gave them relief. Governor -Holden and Colonel Kirk could not intimidate -him with their scarecrow cries of war -and bloodshed. He gave Kirk peremptory -orders to allow his prisoners to come before -him at Salisbury within ten days. -Governor Holden asked the president to -interfere and he promptly informed him -that Judge Brook’s order must be obeyed. -Nothing was against the prisoners and -they were released, and the state was soon -relieved of the presence of the Kirk mob. -Governor Holden was impeached, convicted -and expelled from his high office. -The people rose in their might and partially -redeemed the state, but it took years -to accomplish the desired effect.</p> - -<p>One hundred thousand ignorant negroes -were enfranchised and their proportional -numerical strength of the voting population -enabled them to exert a baneful influence -which very much afflicted the counsels of -our state.</p> - - -<p><span class="smcap">Negro Problem.</span>—This brings to the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_100">[100]</span> -surface the negro problem, which will not -be discussed here, but the different phases -of negro life at different periods of time -will be noticed. The negro was brought -to this country from a heathen land centuries -ago and it was soon discovered that -a Southern climate was suitable to his -health and growth and as a commercial -commodity in the South he would be profitable. -The negro living as a servant of -the white families developed many commendable -traits of character. Under the -influence of an acknowledged superior race -he became partially civilized and became -very much attached as a servant to his -master and mistress as he was pleased to -call them. He brought with him from the -dark continent some traits of character -that were inherent and hard to eradicate. -As a slave he was faithful and the great -mass of them were happy, and growing up -with white children loved and respected -them without once thinking himself their -social equal. Before the war and during -the war it was a very rare case to hear -of an outrage being committed. The -negro was happy in his surroundings, having -no cares for the future, knowing he -would be provided for even in sickness -and old age. During the war he cared for -and as far as he was capable protected the -white women and children at home while -their fathers, brothers and husbands were -in the army.</p> - - -<h3><span class="smcap">The Old Time Darkey.</span>—</h3> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="verse">The old time darkey is in the evening of his life,</div> -<div class="verse">After the passing of the last one with the race there will be strife,</div> -<div class="verse">He is a colored gentleman in company or at home</div> -<div class="verse">And when asked to do a favor always will come.</div> -<div class="verse">If his people are suffering with hunger or in distress</div> -<div class="verse">He will divide his last slice of bacon or last crumb of bread;</div><span class="pagenum" id="Page_101">[101]</span> -<div class="verse">If at any time employed in the field at work</div> -<div class="verse">He does not have to be watched for he will not shirk.</div> -<div class="verse">He is polite in company, at home, on the road, or street</div> -<div class="verse">And will pull of his hat to anyone he may meet;</div> -<div class="verse">He is proud of his freedom, and glad he is not a slave</div> -<div class="verse">But remembers his early training and knows how to behave,</div> -<div class="verse">He has bought his acre of land that he claims as his own</div> -<div class="verse">Has built a rude cabin and lives at home,</div> -<div class="verse">When a slave he worked through the week and on Saturday night</div> -<div class="verse">Danced to the tune of the banjo till broad daylight</div> -<div class="verse">Then on Sunday all through the day</div> -<div class="verse">Courted his dusky damsel in the old time way.</div> -<div class="verse">If asked how he liked roasted potatoes, opossum or chicken to eat</div> -<div class="verse">With a broad grin he answers “Dem things is sweet.”</div> -<div class="verse">He said poor nigger got tired of bacon and corn bread,</div> -<div class="verse">And relished good eating before he went to bed.</div> -<div class="verse">He owns he was fond of nice good picking</div> -<div class="verse">And thought it was no harm for mister’s niggers to eat master’s chickens,</div> -<div class="verse">His mouth still waters and he sighs for the luxury so fine</div> -<div class="verse">When he feasted on watermelons in the good old Summer time.</div> -<div class="verse">During the war he was industrious, polite and genteel</div> -<div class="verse">And took care of women and children while the men were in the field.</div> -<div class="verse">He was loyal to the South as any Southern son</div> -<div class="verse">And his conduct should be classed with Southern victory won.</div> -<div class="verse">The old black mamma that stayed around the home</div> -<div class="verse">And took care of the children the same as her own,</div> -<div class="verse">The children remember her kindness and care</div> -<div class="verse">Though now growing old they are children to her,</div> -<div class="verse">The old time darkeys are well meaning and try to check</div> -<div class="verse">The young generation that are losing self respect.</div> -</div></div> - - -<p><span class="smcap">The Emancipated Negro.</span>—To do the -negro race justice, there is no doubt if they -had been let alone to follow their own inclinations -and judgment they would have -been largely influenced in their conduct -after being emancipated by their former -owners and the better class of white people -of the South who were then and are -now their best friends, because having -grown up with them in an entirely different -social scale are better calculated to -advise them for their good. Two classes -of people accepted by them as their advisers<span class="pagenum" id="Page_102">[102]</span> -are responsible for present conditions. -A low class of avaricious, ignorant, known -enemies of the South who have used them -to advance their own selfish interests, and -another equally objectionable class of -Northern religious fanatics, whose training -lead them to believe that the Southern -people treated them inhumanly. By mingling -with them socially and teaching them -that they were entitled to recognition in -the social circle of the whites, caused them -to have aspirations and ambitions to which -they can never attain.</p> - -<p>The Southern people at once acknowledged -their freedom, and were ready to -help them in their struggle for a more prosperous -career, and were willing to give -them their rights before the law but not -willing to place the ballot in their hands or -give them a place in the counsels of the -government. Negroes who have followed -the advice of their real friends are now -doing well, accumulating property and are -in possession of homes of their own and -their children are being educated, but those -who have gone astray under the teaching -and advice of aliens who know nothing -about them and care less have become vagrants -and criminals and are a menace to -the communities in which they live. The -negro problem will be solved by Southern -people who know the characteristics of the -race and will treat them in such a way as -to enable them to build up as a race. If -listened to their condition will be bettered -and the two races will live in the Southland -together harmoniously, but if the -advice of their only true friends is ignored -it will be a survival of the fittest and like -the Indians they will by the management -of Southern people be provided with a -home elsewhere and live to themselves and<span class="pagenum" id="Page_103">[103]</span> -enjoy the fullness of their freedom.</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">The sun may be darkened and the moon stream in blood</div> -<div class="verse">But the voice of the Anglo Saxons in our counsels will be heard,</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">The stars may fall and the earth with fervent heat melt,</div> -<div class="verse">But the influence of an inferior race in our counsels will not be felt.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">They may come from Greenland’s icy mountain or India’s coral strand,</div> -<div class="verse">From the black continent of Africa or other heathen lands:</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">We will humanely treat the savage, and give them their rights before the law,</div> -<div class="verse">But before they undertake to rule they had better quietly withdraw.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">In our own Sunny South we will give them a home</div> -<div class="verse">And teach them civilization and to no longer roam,</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">We have a knotty problem to solve in our own Sunny Southland,</div> -<div class="verse">But will resist any interference from any alien band.</div> -</div></div></div> - - -<p><span class="smcap">The Coming South.</span>—For forty years -the oppressed South has been under a cloud -groping its way in the wilderness, a part of -the time without even a feint hope of -reaching the promised land, but the clouds -are breaking and through the dense darkness -can be traced at least the outline of a -silver lining. To the most obscure vision -a light appears, and the dullest prophet -can forecast the sunshine soon to burst -forth in magnificent splendor. Neither -heights, lengths, breadths, depths, principalities -nor all the powers that be can stop -the onward march of education, industrial -development and universal wave of prosperity -destined erelong to place the people -of this, by nature favored land, in possession -of their own. In the scientific, religious, -industrial and political world, the -South is forging its way to the front rank, -and our grand old state of North Carolina -with its variety of soil, climate, minerals, -timbers and its progressive people is coming. -From the foundation of the government -till the sixties the native born talent of the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_104">[104]</span> -South shaped and managed the affairs of -the nation, and now she is coming, after -passing through a fiery ordeal, to again -resume a place that other sections of the -country will be compelled to concede to -her.</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">We no longer hear the bellowing cannon or clash of arms,</div> -<div class="verse">Or the tramp of soldiers marching raising alarm.</div> -</div> -<div class="stanza"> -<div class="verse">But instead the busy hum of machinery and tramp of children to school on their way,</div> -<div class="verse">And the blessings of peace and prosperity making triumphant strides in their day.</div> -</div></div></div> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<div class="transnote"> -<p class="ph1">TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES:</p> - -<p>Obvious typographical errors have been corrected.</p> - -<p>Inconsistencies in hyphenation have been standardized.</p> - -<p>Archaic or variant spelling has been retained.</p> -</div></div> - - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK REMINISCENCES OF THE CIVIL WAR, 1861-1865 ***</div> -<div style='text-align:left'> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will -be renamed. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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