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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..93de648 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #67946 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/67946) diff --git a/old/67946-0.txt b/old/67946-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 66e642b..0000000 --- a/old/67946-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4474 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of Trotwood's Monthly, Vol. I, No. 2, -November 1905, by Various - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: Trotwood's Monthly, Vol. I, No. 2, November 1905 - -Author: Various - -Release Date: April 28, 2022 [eBook #67946] - -Language: English - -Produced by: hekula03 and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at - https://www.pgdp.net (This book was produced from images - made available by the HathiTrust Digital Library.) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TROTWOOD'S MONTHLY, VOL. I, -NO. 2, NOVEMBER 1905 *** - - - - - - -[Illustration: LANDSEER’S FANCY] - - - - -TROTWOOD’S MONTHLY - - VOL. 1. NASHVILLE, TENN., NOVEMBER, 1905. NO. 2 - - - - -THE UNAFRAID - - - Only the lion kings the land - Who is whelped in the desert’s fire; - Only the stallion lords the band - With the hoof unsmirched with mire. - The peak for the eagle to preen and to dream— - Only the game fish swims up stream. - - Only the ocean carries a sail - That foams to the blizzard’s breath; - The silent seas that sleep and quail - Are a-creep with the curse of death. - The sky for the rocket to glow and to gleam— - Only the game fish swims up stream. - - Only the stars are suns which burn - By the heat of their own heart’s light; - The million worlds which round them turn - Float dead in a nebulous night. - The meteor’s burst is its funeral beam— - Only the game fish swims up stream. - - Only the man is made for fame— - Ocean and eagle and sun— - Whose soul, by Fate, is dipt in flame - And winged with the winners who run. - Fame for the Faithful—death for the dead— - The peak and the star for the Unafraid! - - JOHN TROTWOOD MOORE. - - - - -Solomon - -BY JOHN TROTWOOD MOORE - -(Author of “Ole Mistis,” “Songs and Stories From Tennessee,” “A Summer -Hymnal,” etc.) - - -Chickamauga Creek had no place on the map until September, ’63. Then it -ran blood and became history. For it takes blood to make history. - -When Bragg went to pieces two months later, after the shambles of -Missionary Ridge, Hooker’s Corps was the pack turned loose to harry him -out of the valley. They rushed thoughtlessly—Hooker’s hounds always -did—and the foremost quickly paid the tax which Rashness pays to Reason. -Cleburne, the rebel general, who brought up the rear of Bragg’s army, -turned, wolf-like, at a gap in the mountains and cut to pieces the hound -that had outstripped the pack in its zeal to snap at harried haunches. -The hound whimpered and fell back, but not before Cleburne had shingled -the sides of the mountain with the dead of the Yankee army. - -The General who claimed the cut-up regiment was mad, and as he rode, -with his staff, to the front, he was swearing in a deep, jerky, guttural -voice. He stopped to look at the bloody gap, the lusty, voiceless, -blue-coated forms, lying so weirdly unnatural—as trees when the hurricane -has passed: “Mountain gaps—they are little traps of hell,” he kept -repeating, and he spurred on for a guide—to a cracker cabin higher up on -the mountain side. - -The General rode a clean-limbed, loosely-ribbed, long-back thoroughbred, -fresh from a blue grass paddock in Middle Tennessee. For he was weak -on horse-flesh, and had impressed this scion of a Derby winner before -Rosecrans went North. - -Two mountaineers stood in the cabin yard. One was middle-aged, -sullen-eyed and stooped, but standing six feet with the stoop. He leaned -on an unmounted axe-helm, and as he stood slouching, long armed, bowed in -the legs, his hairy chest gleaming through open shirt front, he looked -not unlike a great gorilla, brought to bay with uprooted club in his -hands. - -The other man was not much more than a boy, except in size. He was -larger, bigger chested, bigger fisted, and his wonder-haunted, kindly -face wore a smile instead of a scowl. Never before had he seen the flag -which one of the officers carried. Never such a horse as the one ridden -by the man in front—never such a horse, and how he did love horses! - -But the thoroughbred shied at the sight of the bearded man and sprang -sideways, snorting, and wheeled to run. The boy’s face broke over in a -quizzical, familiar grin, and he drawled exultantly: - -“Say, Mister, whut yo ridin’ there?” The man turned sullenly and knocked -him down with the axe-helm. He went down helplessly and with a subdued -surprise in his blue eyes. The man did not turn his body, but stood -indifferently, watching him slowly arising, wiping the blood from his -forehead and whimpering like a struck cub: - -“Ef mammy hadn’t tuck an’ went an’ died—I promised mammy I’d nurver -strike ye, dad.” He blew the blood from his nose and stood scratching one -leg with the bare foot of the other, whimpering still, and dazed. - -“Solomon Hosea Hanks, ye’re a blatherin’ yearlin’ an’ ’ll allers be one. -Ain’t I knocked ye down often fur buttin’ in ye horns befo’ ye’re axed up -to the trough?” - -He was talking to the boy, but saying it for the men in front: -“Gentlemen, ’light an’ look at yer saddles. I’m jes teachin’ the lad some -manners—you hafter teach ’em to some folks with a club.” - -The boy suddenly straightened up. Half defiantly, and with quick -eagerness, he leaped across the path where sat the color-bearer. He -stopped beneath the flag and began to fondle it as a child would—the -pretty stars, the gold cord that fell from the eagle above: “Ye’ll nurver -knock me down ag’in, Dad. Ye’re a g’erriller an’ ye know it, an’ ye -wanter make me one, but I’ve seen my country’s colors to-day an’ I’m -goin’ ter jine.” - -He turned to the group: “I know whut you want, Mister-men, an’ I’ll -lead you over the mount’in ef you’ll let me jine. ’Taint uverbody -I’ll let knock me down”—he wagged his head at the man with whimpering -apology—“promised mammy afo’ she tuck an’ went an’ died I’d nurver strike -him”— - -A rattling volley of shots rang out across the mountain, down in the next -valley. They were echoed back, then shouts, and when the General wheeled, -the boy had struck out toward the firing, his tough, bare feet crounching -the gravel as he strode on in his shambling way. They followed him, but -could not overtake the long, swinging trot in the crooked path amid the -boulders and clay roots. On a projection beyond the ridge he stopped, -calling back to the man: - -“Far’well, Dad—you’ll nurver see me aga’in onless I hear you’ve beat -little Dinah Mariah—then I’ll come back an’ forgit I urver had a mammy.” -He shook his great fist at the man still standing immovable, then: “Come -on, Mister-men—Bragg’s a good dog, but Holdfas’ is better.” - -And that is how Solomon came into the camp of the Tenth. - -He led them to the firing line, where the General suddenly found plenty -to do. So much that he forgot Solomon until the brigade went into camp -five miles further, on the trail of the retreating enemy. Then Solomon -staggered in through the darkness to the camp fire carrying a half dead -Confederate on his back. He laid the man down on a bed of leaves near -the mess tent of the Tenth. He lifted the helpless head very tenderly -and gave him water while the stricken one kept whispering, “Water—more -water—for God’s sake—and death!” - -The staff had been laughing and swearing before, with tin cups full of -mountain whisky. For they were tired, and death had sprung up so often -and so suddenly that day from batteries and trenches and mountain gorges; -and from still, restful copses of silent woods, peaceful and inviting, -until—Spit! Spit!—and the rattlesnake of sharp-shooting rifles spat out -the virus which had put comrades and mess-mates to sleep. But now the -silence and the night fell from the deep treetops together. That dying -man in the camp, that strange, solemn giant of the woods— - -The General, his tin cup half emptied, spoke first, in a voice strangely -soft, the staff thought, for the old fighter: - -“Any kin to you, Solomon—the man there?” - -“He’s mighty nigh to me—mighty nigh.” - -“Ah—sorry—sorry. And who is he?” - -“Jes’ my brother, that’s all.” - -“Oh, too bad—sorry—sorry”—and the staff muttered the echo. - -Then the General put down his cup, went over and glanced at the man. -He stepped back quickly and hastily drained the tin cup: “Nasty fix, -Solomon—sorry—but we’ll do what we can for him. When did you see him -last?” - -“Nurver seed him befo’—but thar’s hund’erds of ’em—all our brothers, -’specially when we’ve shot ’em an’ they’re helpless an’ dyin’.” - -The General winced and turned quickly to the fire. The staff went after -another drink. Solomon’s eye fell on the mess table—the supper set forth -and waiting; then Solomon fell on the supper. Between mouthfuls he -growled out: - -“You fellers orter be ashamed o’ yerselves to shoot a man’s innards out -like that. I found him three miles beyant the mount’in whar you-uns fit -thar this mornin’ an’ I fetch’t him over on my back.” - -That reminded him. He picked up some hardtack and bacon and started -toward the groaning man. Then he stopped, disappointed: “Whut’s the -use—he’s got no whur to put it. You-uns done shot his innards out. The -fust lickin’ Dad gin me was fur shootin’ a b’ar in ther innards.” - -He sat down again and ate everything in sight. The General and staff got -busy at something else. Solomon gave the dying man another drink and -began looking around like a huge bear-dog for a spot to roll up on, and -sleep. He found it in the General’s blanket, his huge feet sticking out, -bunion covered and black. They thought he was asleep and coming quietly -back one by one, sat down, and were eating in silence when a shock of -hair blurred up out of the blanket: - -“Say, Mister-men, but ain’t war hell sho’ nuff? But tell the boys not to -shoot ther Innards out—’taint fair.” Then he slept. - -The General waited till he heard him snoring: “Major, if you happen to -lose him to-morrow in the first skirmish—really, I don’t think we need -him, Major?” The Major was sure they did not—so were the others. - -They made the dying man as comfortable as they could, the General sparing -his own warm rain-coat for the limbs now rapidly chilling. But his groans -kept them awake: “Water—water—oh, God—water and death—kill me, somebody!” - -The cry fell out of the silence with the starlight, mingling strangely -with the shivering wail of a screech owl—so uncannily mingling that they -seemed as one. - -It was nearly midnight when the General saw the foot withdrawn, the big -form arise and slouch over to the dying man: “Water—water—and, oh, for -God’s sake—have mercy and kill me.” - -Solomon tenderly lifted the gasping lips to the canteen: “Do yo’ means -it—want me to kill ye sho’ nuff, brother?” - -The man’s eyes were beseeching as he gasped: “I——can’t——live——death -every——minute——put me——out of misery—God will——reward you.” - -Solomon’s eyes were wet with tears. His great pitying heart thumped -loudly: “How, brother? Whut with?” - -The dying man nodded at a bayonetted rifle near by: “That——push -that——through my heart——quick!” - -The General arose just in time. Solomon, with a strange sob in his -throat, stood over the man, the gun poised, the bayonet’s point— - -“My God, Solomon!”—and he grasped the descending gun by the barrel. “This -is murder—I’ll have you shot!” The giant turned on him astonished: “He -cyant live—you-uns shot him to pieces. That’s war. I put him out o’ his -misery—that’s murder. Strange—strange! Brother,” he stooped and whispered -regretfully to the man, who beseeched him with fixed, unwinking eyes, -“Brother, I’d do it—God knows I’d like ter ’commodate yer, but ye heurn -yo’self.” Still lower: “But say, brother, ef you fin’ ye cyant stan’ it -no longer—when they sleep—call Solomon—an’ I’ll sho’ ’commodate you in -this. God bless ye.” - -Later there was a rigid stiffening and gasps among the leaves and Solomon -knew there was no need for his bayonet. - -The next morning when the General arose, Solomon had fed and rubbed down -Ajax, the thoroughbred. He stood talking to himself—he had forgotten the -war: “Whut a hoss—whut legs—whut muscles, like bees a swarming! I’ve -allers dreamed o’ keerin’ fur sech!” He turned to the General: “I’ll -take keer o’ him from now on.” The General was touched and when he shook -Solomon’s hand the bond was sealed. - -“How long have you been up, Solomon?” - -“Two hours b’ day—Gen’l.” It was the first time he had used the word and -the old fighter inwardly scored one more point for the horse—that could -prune the pride of the mountaineer—he who knew no titles, no superior. - -“Ye see, Gen’l, forgot yistiddy to kiss Dinah Mariah good-bye. She’s the -little deef-mute mammy lef’ befo’ she tuck an’ went an’ died. I raised -her—gi’n her urver rappin she had ’cep the milk she drunk, an’ wish’t I -c’ud er gi’n her that. Dad’s been so tarnel mean to her. D’ye know I had -an idee that he wanted ter put her out o’ the way? So I steps back over -the mount’in an into the cabin whur they all sleeps—all ’leven on ’em. -But ye know I couldn’t kiss ’er good-bye, seein’ ’er sleepin’ thar so -sweet?” He struck savagely at his eyes with his big-knuckled fist. “But -I fetched this—I’ve jined fur the war an’ I wants my own gun—don’t like -ther blunderbusses you-uns shoots. This un’s a Deckerd—been thro’ ther -Revolushun, an’ with Ole Hickory at New ’leans. It’s fittin’ fur it to -fit ag’in fur the Union. Thar—see!” and he pointed the gun high up at the -limb of a big oak. - -The General saw nothing until the great flint and steel snapped together -like the jaws of an alligator, and he had a tender but headless fox -squirrel for his breakfast, cooked, later, by Solomon’s own hand. “An’ I -don’t shoot ther innards out, nurther,” he growled. - -“You needn’t lose him, Major,” chuckled the general, as he pulled off -a succulent hind limb, roasted on a green stick-spittle over a pit of -coals. The Major having the mate of it in his own mouth, could not speak, -but nodded vigorously. - -A hard winter and deadly fighting between Missionary Ridge and Atlanta: -but Solomon enlivened it for the Tenth. For he was their brother and his -quaint sayings became their intellectual stock in trade. For instance: -“The —— Iowa flickered at Dug’s Creek. Then they sulked.” They had done -it before. “What shall I do with them?” snarled the General that night in -camp. Solomon drawled in: - -“’Pint ’em ter bury ther dead—they’re nat’ul born pallbearers. I’ve seed -lots o’ folks that was.” - -When old Tecumseh Sherman heard of this he offered to promote Solomon to -a corporalcy: - -“Nun—no,” said Solomon, “then I’d hafter wear boots an’ a unerform. An’ -say, them thar unerforms you-uns wear meks you-uns look jes lak them -little flyin’ stink-ants that swarms out in the spring. God didn’t inten’ -no two fol’ks ter be alike. Es fur boots, they fus’ jes make yer feet -tender an’ then wears out. I’ve got on a pa’r thet nurver wears out.” - -He figured next in a horse race with a Kentucky regiment which was first -unwise enough to cast aspersions on the speed of Ajax and then bold -enough to back them with the long green. It was a great race run between -two lines of howling blue. “Nurver bet agin natur’,” said Solomon dryly, -as he pocketed all the money of the Republic which the unwise Kentuckians -had. “Ajax is by natur’ a horse an’ your’n ain’t.” - -For a week after that the Tenth indulged in vain and effeminate luxuries. - -Spring brought the fighting and the tragedy—of the latter, Solomon was -the ink. - -They made him color-bearer—he was so strong, and it was so easy to see -him in his coon-skin cap, his Deckerd strapped to his back. For he would -not lay it down even while carrying the flag. At Resaca he took the -colors through balls which came thick enough to stop a bluebird. Mines -cut the tail from his cap, a buck-and-ball cleared one foot of bunions, -and canister carried his canteen bodily from his body; but in the thick -of it he yelled out savagely at the General: “Say, thar, Gen’l, get out -o’ thar on that hoss! You mout get ’im hurt!” - -He spent the next week nursing the wounded enemy: “For ain’t they our -brothers?” he asked, and the scoffers in blue were silent. - -A beautiful valley beyond Resaca and Solomon had never seen such rich -land. A grand mansion in the valley and Solomon had never seen such a -house. The General had pitched his camp near by. A thousand other camps -dotted the valleys and hills. A hundred battle flags fluttered from their -staffs. There was planning, priming; trenches crept across the hills in -the night, like mole-paths in a garden, and the valleys were billowed -with them, cannon crowned and picketed with steel. They would give little -Joe his death blow. - -Solomon stood sentinel that night by the big house on the lawn. It was -never the color-bearer’s duty to stand sentinel—but “Yer see, Gen’l, -Ajax is stalled right over thar beyant, an’ them brothers o’ our’n from -Kentucky loves a good hoss.” - -It was past midnight and the army was asleep. There was a light -suspiciously faint in the window of the big house. Solomon slipped up and -peeped in through a blind slat, awry. He stepped back blushing, ashamed -that he had peeped. He picked up his Deckerd. The light went out and the -door opened silently and a handsome man dressed in citizens’ clothes -kissed a Beautiful One good-bye. Then he slipped out into the dark and -mounted a horse hid so securely as to surprise Solomon, with his keen -mountain eyes. - -“Halt, thar, brother, an’ gin the countersign.” - -Pistol shots buzzing from the cylinder of Colt, and that quick grapple -of horse hoofs in the gravel which tells of a rowel driven in suddenly; -then the sound of a flying horse through the lane. - -Silence, then quaintly as if talking to himself: “A cyclone spiked with -hell-fire! Solomon, yer nurver had so narrow a shave—yer’ll be keerful -ther nex’ time yer brother a gatlin’-gun buckled to a thoroughbred.” - -The girl clutched the window—white and with eyes lit with flashes of the -weird starlight. It seemed a half hour to Solomon before he heard her -give a rippling, cut-off laugh, and the dawn sprang to her cheeks as the -starlight went out of her eyes. High up on the mountain she had seen what -Solomon had not—a splinter of light leap out of the heart of the mountain -beyond the picket lines. Solomon was still watching her—so strangely -fascinated that he had not noticed the blood running down his arm. She -closed the window with a happy laugh, and Solomon felt that it was now -night—all around him. - -And so the spell of the big house was upon Solomon and he begged to stand -guard next day. It was early and he stood silent before the splendor of -the house, the marble steps, the big, hooded gables, then— - -“God! she’s comin’!” - -He turned—no, he was a sentinel—he could not run. She wore white—fluffy -and airy in the warm June morning. Above— - -“Molasses candy hair,” said Solomon, licking his mouth, “an’, oh, Lord, -Black-Eyed-Susan eyes!” - -He thought again of running. Then of the wild fawn that once ran to meet -him, off in the mountain woods, so innocent that it knew not that death -dwelt with man. - -He slipped behind a tree. Never before had he been ashamed of his bare -feet. He peeped out—she was still coming—no, she had come, and he turned -pale and his knees trembled, for there she stood smiling as only an angel -could, and holding something out to him: - -“I know you must be hungry, and it is so good of you to guard our house. -Now, please let me serve you your breakfast.” - -Off came his coon-skin cap. Her smile, her eyes made him homesick. He -saw the summer lightning playing at midnight around the peaks of Tiger -Head. Then tears welled which made him hate himself—him a soldier of the -Tenth—and he slipped farther around the tree. She was serious instantly, -and her beautiful eyes had sized him up—gratitude, homesickness, all—and -when she peeped around the tree again—after awhile, and he had had time -to brace himself, she laughed a musical, comrady laugh, and— - -“Now, please don’t be offended, for I should love so much to be your -friend.” - -Again the homesickness. That laugh, that voice—it was the silver ripple -of Telulah Falls under the white stars of the mountain. That meant home -and Dinah Mariah. Trembling, dazed and choking with the swelling that -made him wish to do something—to do something grand for once in his life, -he tried to speak, but ended in bringing his Deckerd to present arms. She -laughed, saluting him in turn with a saucy military flash of her pretty -hand. - -“Miss—Miss”— - -“Nellie,” she said, sympathetically, helping him out. - -“Do they—breed ’em—all like you-uns down here?” - -She laughed and handed him the plate. Solomon knew the ham, but did not -know what the rolls and the orange were. His hand touched hers—he fumbled -and dropped the plate: “God, but I thort I—I teched fire!” - -“Oh!” and the hurt look made Solomon wish to fight something for her -sake—“but I’ll soon be back with more.” She turned with a pretty gesture. - -“Don’t—don’t,” he called, “send it by a nigger. Who can eat with a angel -lookin’?” She laughed so heartily at this that Solomon was soon himself. -When she brought him another plate he forgot everything except he had -seen her, that at last into his life something had come. He wished very -much to impress her—to say something grand, but everything he tried to -say ended in a brag—so unusual for Solomon: - -“I was heah las’ night a-guardin’ you-uns, an’ I come mighty nigh killin’ -a man.” - -“Oh!”—and the fun went out of her eyes. “I am so grateful to you. -Did—did—he hurt you when he fired?” - -All the brag went out of him. Not for the world would he have her know -that. - -“No—but—it was a narrow shave.” - -“I am so glad—you see he—was—my brother.” - -“Sho’ nuff?” and Solomon guffawed. Somehow it relieved him so to know he -was only a brother. “Wal, now, how strange! But the Gen’l was tellin’ us -’bout a Johnny Scout in here, a tall feller in citizens’ clothes. Oh, -he’s played the devil with us. He knows our plans better’n we do. We ’low -we s’prise little Joe at Dug’s Gap, but little Joe s’prises us. Then we -’low we’ll trap him at Resaca an’ swing round on his flank. But he come -nigh trappin’ us. We laid for him mighty keerful at New Hope an’ saunt -Howard to turn his flank. He turned our’n. It’s all that’r scout, and so -the Gen’l sed when he saunt me out las’ night: “Solomon, shoot anything -in citizens’ clothes that tries to buck our lines. Kill him fust an’ ax -him whur he’s goin’ after’uds.” So when he steps out las’ night—that -brother er your’n—I was right thar watchin’, an’ I flung up my old -Deckerd an’ I drawed a bead on him—it was all so plain, him outlined in -the starlight. But he looked so han’sum a-settin a hoss so lak Ajax thet -I sed: ”No, I’ll not shoot him—he’s somebody’s brother. An’ sho’ nuff he -was your’n!” - -The girl turned white, then pink. Tears came to her eyes, the sight of -which made Solomon’s jaws set in stern decision. He pitied her, thinking -of Dinah Mariah—his sister. He swelled savagely: “Say, but don’t you cry. -I’ll lick arry man that ’ud hurt yo’ brother!” - -“That is so sweet of you,” she said softly. - -“Then I fetched my piece down an’ axed him fur the countersign an’—wal,” -he nodded his head up and down meaningly—“I got it!” He rolled up his -sleeve and showed the red furrow of another across his arm. - -“Oh, I am so sorry—do—do come in and let mamma and me dress it.” - -Solomon laughed: “Now, don’t bother ’bout it, Miss—yo’ bein’ sorry has -already cured it. I’d have it dressed but Gen’l ’ud find out an’ say I -was a fool fur not shootin’.” - -But she dressed it—she and a stately White-haired one, bringing the salve -and bandages out to his beat; and when they had finished and the smarting -pain had ceased, Solomon belonged to them. - -Then came the strange change in Solomon. He did not know what it meant. -Why he put on the uniform, the cavalry boots and the big spurs. Why he -wanted to strut and swell in the pride of his six feet three, when the -old General blurted out: - -“Solomon, damned if you ain’t real handsome—what’s come over you?” - -“Gen’l—Gen’l, I dunno—but I finds myse’f struttin’ jes like a wood-cock -in the spring.” - -“Oho,” laughed the General, “look out, Solomon.” - -That was all open—seen of all men. But secretly, silently, painfully—in -the depths of his great soul something stirred within him that he told to -no man, for he knew not what it was. What it did he knew: “God, it lifts -me out o’ the clay o’ myse’f!” - -Never had he been so happy. Ride? He could ride Ajax over a whole -regiment. He could lick Johnston’s whole army. “An’ the cu’is part, -Solomon—yer fool—you are wantin’ to fight outwardly, but in’ardly you are -cryin’ all the time.” - -It hurt him when he saw her. He was sorry when she brought him his meals; -he got behind a tree and wept when she left, and in this state he stopped -one day and turned white: “God, mebbe it’s that thar blin’ staggers I’ve -got—that I heur’n so o’ fo’ks havin’ in the rich valleys.” The dreadful -blind staggers he had heard of all his life—that never came to those high -up in the pure air of the mountain! He was sure they had him. - -It was the third day and twilight, and when she came out, bringing his -supper, the red ribbon in the white of her gown, her dark eyes above, -made him think of the tiger lilies that grew by Telulah. He pretended not -to see her and when she blocked his path with a pretty smile and salute, -he feigned astonishment: - -“Law, but I thort the moon had riz!” - -“Oh, you are a poet, Solomon, and a dreadful flatterer,” but she laughed -in so pleased a way that Solomon swelled up in his great chest and blew -deep and long, snorting it out, to loosen the great hurting feeling that -was there. Then, too, he had seen Ajax do it with the thunder of battle -in his nostrils. - -She sat on the stump before him, kicking her slippered heels against the -rough bark and watching him so keenly with measuring, wistful eyes. - -“Solomon, I have been thinking, and mother and I want you to come in the -house and hear my music. You have been so good to us and we are so fond -of you.” She jumped down, took his hand and led him. It burned him—it -made him gasp for breath, yet all he could do was to follow. - -And the house—never before had he seen splendor. They had trouble -persuading him to step on the rugs and to walk on the carpets. But the -sweet-faced, white-haired lady came graciously forward and shook his hand -which made him feel better. Then the Angel sat down before something -Solomon had never seen and— - -They both stood over him ten minutes afterwards, for he was sitting on a -sofa weeping: - -“’Scuse me—no—no, ’taint my wounded arm—it’s that’r thing over thar -that’s waked up the cat birds in the roderdendrums at home, an’ I heurd -the water failin’ over Telulah an’ the wind at midnight in Devil’s Gorge, -an’ I nurver knowed befo’ whut little Dinah Mariah had missed bein’ a -deef-mute an’—so—it sot me ter bellerin’ this away.” - -They were very gentle with him after that, and more gracious, and when -the Angel played another piece full of dash and jig and rosened-bow and -thunder, he stood it until the blood began to boil under his hair and -they found him again in the middle of the floor shouting: - -“Hurrah, boys! Lord, but can’t he run? Come home, Ajax!” “’Scuse -me—’scuse me—Mrs.—Mrs.—Angul—” after he came to himself—“but—but—she -plays that thing ’zactly like Ajax runs.” - -It was the greatest day that had ever come into his life, and when he -left to go back to his beat he proclaimed exultingly to the White-haired -one that it was “Christmas, an’ hog-killin’ an’ heav’n all rolled into -one.” - -It was twilight when she came out on the lawn, dressed in white with -ribbons in her hair. When he turned she had perched herself on her -favorite stump and was beckoning him to sit by her. Trembling, weak he -obeyed, his great arm touching hers, which thrilled him so that pains -shot into his wounds. She was silent, looking at him with the same -wistful, doubting eyes of the morning. He had seen them before, in camp, -when the boys gambled and their month’s pay was at stake, holding a card -aloft uncertain whether to cast or not. And how they held him—those eyes -of hers with the tragedy in them! - -“Solomon, you know how we love you, mamma and I.” He sat mute with bowed -head. “And Solomon, if I trust you—if I tell you—will you never betray?” - -“Whut—like that’r Judas I onct heurn of the time I went to meetin’?” She -nodded. It hurt him. “I can’t betray—It ain’t in me,” he said simply. - -“Forgive me, Solomon. I knew it,” and she put her hand in his just as -Dinah Mariah had so often done, except that this made his heart beat so -it bothered his breathing and unlike Dinah Mariah’s he could not—she -being an angel—clasp it in turn. “Now, Solomon, my brother is coming -to-night—he will slip in yonder,” and she pointed to a by road leading -through shrubbery to a side gate. “You are not to see him, Solomon, -and you are to let him out the same way after we have fed him. For he -is hungry, Solomon, and in great danger—been surrounded and hiding -for days—they are on his trail. Your men, you know, have killed his -horse”—(Solomon winced—it hurt him to hear of a horse being killed)—“and, -Solomon, this is the only way he can get out—can save his life—for—for, -Solomon, they are to take him dead or alive.” She had ceased to smile. -Tears were in her eyes and Solomon’s great hand closed over her little -one. - -“So he’p me God, I’ll nurver pester him!” - -“And when he is ready to go—to try to escape, oh, Solomon, you will stand -by us—with Ajax ready?” - -He started—he jumped from his seat. “Not Ajax—any critter we got but -Ajax.” - -“Oh, Solomon, they cannot run—it’s—it’s—Ajax or death for him.” - -She was weeping, her head on his great shoulder, clinging to his arm, -the perfume of her hair going into the soul of him like the odor of wild -grape blossoms after the spring rains in Dingley Dell. “Will you—will -you, Solomon; oh, save him for me!” - -“So he’p me God, I will—he bein’ yo’ brother—my brother.” - -“You are my brother, Solomon—the Brother of Nobility.” - -Silence. He sat holding her hand as he would Dinah Mariah’s. “Will -you—er—kiss yo’ brother—when he gits here?” - -She blushed. “Don’t we always kiss our brothers, Solomon?” - -He scratched his head thoughtfully. “Awhile ago you made a remark -cal’k’lated ter sorter sot me to ’sposin’ thet mebbe I mou’t also be yo’ -brother—” - -There was a ripple from Telulah Falls, the pressure of lips on his cheek, -a whiff of wild grape blossoms in the Dell, a rustle of skirts up the -path, and Solomon sat breathing hard in silence. - -“Wal, ef lightnin’ ’ud only give us notice when an’ whur it’s goin’ ter -strike!” - -In camp he heard news—strange news. The whole army would strike next day, -for they had Johnston with his flank wide open; would bag him if that -scout didn’t get back through the lines—Captain Coleman, the daring rebel -scout. They had him surrounded now in a thicket by the creek, the man -they would give a brigade for—he was theirs if the pickets were careful. - -Then it all came over Solomon and with it a blow that brought the great -strange man to dumbness. “I swore not to betray her—not to be her -Judas—oh, God, enny body but thet white-livered, snivelin’—” He heard -the flag rustling in the night air. He walked over, crept under the -folds, pressing it to his hot cheeks, kissing and fondling it. “Judas! -Judas!—oh, my country’s colors.” He looked across the night to the -hills where a thousand camp-fires twinkled in unbroken lines of starry -sentinels. - -“Ye’ve got so menny to defen’ ye,” he said to the flag, “so menny twixt -you an’ death. An’ she—jes’ me—jes’ me!” He sang low the song that had -taken the camp. - - “I’ve seed him in the camp fires of a hunder’d circlin’ camps, - They have builded him an altar in the evenin’ dews an’ damps—” - -He stopped and looks at the living scene before him—it was all so true. -Then lower still: - - “He has sounded forth the trumpet thet shall nurver know retreat, - He is siftin’ out the souls o’ men—” - -He sprang up with a pain in his heart. “Siftin’ out the Judases, an’, oh -God, I’m a Judas arry way you fix it! Why did you fling me in this heah -pit among the wolves o’ war—away from my mount’in home—from little Dinah -Mariah?” - -When Solomon went back to his beat he had slipped out Ajax, saddled, and -held him in the clump of orchard trees, near the sweet window where the -faint light came out, that he knew shone also over her and her brother. -He held his Deckerd proudly, for was he not all that stood between -her and death? He swelled with the pride of it and that queer sullen -feeling that came over him at times—that savage feeling he could not -understand—that made him willing to kill—kill if— - -“They’d better not pester her,” he growled as he heard the pickets go out -for their night’s duty. - -He heard them moving in the room. Her brother was preparing to go. He -peeped and turned away his head. “Somehow it riles me to see her brother -kiss her that away.” He tapped on the blind saying softly: “Ready—ready.” - -“O, Solomon,” joyfully in a whisper, “bless you; bless you!” - -“No Judas in mine, Angul.” - -He turned, for Ajax had thrust his head over his keeper’s shoulder and -the man laid his cheek against it and his lips had parted for the pet -words which he never uttered; for there was a noise in the dark behind -him and two soldiers tried to rush by to the door of the room. - -Solomon stopped them with his great Deckerd at port. “Halt fus’ an’ -give the countersign,” he said, and he heard the scream of a woman, the -hurrying of feet within. - -“Stand back, you fool, we are men of the Tenth and we’ve got Coleman in -there.” - -“Stan’ back yerse’f—he’s her brother—my brother.” - -There was a rush at him, into arms which made them think of a mountain -bear, for he gathered them to his heart, and the breath of them went out. -In the glare of the wide open door a girl stood white-faced with tragedy. -A man leaped to the back of a horse and the swaying, struggling group -were baptized in a shower of flying gravel. Shots and shouts behind and -the scud of a flying horse into the night. - -“You damned traitor!” Solomon dropped the two men in the paralysis of the -bayonet thrust that sank into his back. - -He quivered to the death stroke and turned beseechingly to the man: -“Shoot me, quick, brother—in the heart—in the breast—I’m no traitor, no -Judas—she’ll say I ain’t.” The man cocked his rifle but the great head -with the shock of long hair had gone down and the girl stood between them. - -“No—no—not Judas—she’ll swear I ain’t.” - -She did not seem to notice them—her beautiful head was turned side-wise -listening to the vanishing rhythm of flying hoof beats. “O, Solomon, -Solomon; will they catch him?” - -“Whut—an’ him on Ajax? Ho-ho-oh,” and the great chest, schooled to the -mountain halloo, echoed it for the last time, like the sound of thunder -among the hollow gorges of the hills. - -Then joy, great, radiant joy in her face, and with the returning glory of -it all—tenderness—tenderness and sorrow for him. “Can I—O, Solomon—can I -do anything for you?” She sat by him, her hand on the sweat-damp brow. - -“You mou’t—kiss—me ag’in—an’ ef—you—happen to see—little Dinah Mariah—” - - * * * * * - - What doth it mean and whither tendeth, - This life—this death—this world—the whirling stars? - Why do we live to-day—to-morrow endeth - Our half dreampt dream behind the twilight bars? - -[Illustration] - - - - -The Phosphates of Tennessee - -By H. D. RUHM - - Mr. Ruhm is one of the pioneers in the phosphate field and his - paper on this subject is the work of an expert.—Ed. - - -The phosphates of Tennessee occur chiefly, in fact, almost entirely, in -the strata representing the Silurian and Devonian geological ages, or, -more properly, in the former, and in a transition period between the two. - -The Silurian age was essentially the age of shell fish, animals with -their skeletons entirely on the outside of their bodies. The deposits of -countless millions of these shell fish and their remains form the immense -beds of limestone representing the Silurian age. The composition of these -shell fish was carbonate of calcium, or “lime,” and hence our common -limestones are calcium carbonate. - -[Illustration: _Fig. A._ _Fig. B._] - -The Devonian age was the age of fishes or vertebrates, and owing to the -need of greater elasticity of their bones and smaller weight, they are -composed of phosphate of calcium, or “lime.” Far back in the Silurian -age the “Hand that fashioned all things well” began to change some of -these shell fish to provide for the future order of things, so that -their outside skeletons, or shells, were composed of phosphate of lime -instead of carbonate. These two commingling, the resultant beds of rock -became somewhat phosphatic and formed the “phosphatic limestones” -of the Silurian age. In some places the phosphate shells were in -considerable proportion, and subsequent erosion, proper underground -drainage and leaching, dissolved out the carbonate of lime to greater or -less extent and left the “brown phosphate” of the middle basin, varying -in grade according to the preponderance of phosphate shells in the -original deposit and the extent of the subsequent leaching. Meantime the -transition stage between the two ages had been reached and the resulting -deposit spread over the central basin and the highland rim in the form -of a thin blanket of varying thickness and quality of the so-called blue -rock, which is blue, brown, gray and black, according to the coloring -matter present or absent, composed of a preponderance of microscopic -shell fish with skeleton composed of phosphate of lime, but mixed with -enough carbonate to make the resulting mass vary from sixty-five per cent -to as high as eighty per cent calcium phosphate. - -The subsequent depression and deposit of Devonian shales and -subcarboniferous beds and subsequent great pressure hardened all these -into rock, and about the middle of the subcarboniferous age all these -were elevated above the surrounding country, and while the rest of the -land was taking its turn in being formed under the seas, this old central -basin was undergoing the wear and tear of erosion that finally produced -the “Dimple of the Universe,” surrounded by its chain of hills and ridges -and flatwoods of the highland rim. - -In the central basin where conditions were favorable the intervening -strata between the blue rock and the phosphatic limestones that were -being converted into “brown rock” were sometimes partly and sometimes -entirely washed away, and the blanket of the blue rock, cracked and -broken into plates of the hardest and most durable parts, settled down -on the brown rock, sometimes resting directly on it and sometimes with a -clay seam left to represent the former intervening strata. - -A glance at the illustrations will show the process. Let Figure A -represent the deposit as it originally was before the erosion and -leaching started in. - -No. 1 represents the layer of blue rock in its original position; 2 -the layers of limestone underneath; 3 the layers of highly phosphatic -limestone in suitable condition for leaching; 4 the hard, insoluble -portions of the limestone, and 5 the soluble portions of the limestone, -nonphosphatic. - -In Figure B, No. 5 has dissolved out and disappeared. In No. 3, the -carbonate has leached out and it has separated into laminations and -falling into the places left by No. 5, has assumed the jumbled condition -found in the dips between lime boulders; No. 2 has dissolved down to -the clay seam so generally found, varying in thickness from one or two -inches to two or three feet, and No. 1 has settled down conforming to the -general bottom of 3 or top of 4, forming the top rock generally prevalent -in the brown rock field. - -If the analysis of the original phosphatic limestone was, say, 50 per -cent phosphate of lime, 38 per cent carbonate and 12 per cent insoluble, -and other matters, and the leaching took out all the soluble carbonate, -the resulting mass would be 80 per cent phosphate, which is generally -the analysis of the bottom rock at Mt. Pleasant, or the “export,” as it -is termed. The top rock varies in analysis from 65 to 80, just as the -original blue rock did. - -In the highland rim this process took place only on the slopes of the -narrow creek valleys and occasionally in projecting points, instead of -over large areas of country as in the central basin. - -In the portion of the highland rim left intact the blue rock remains -in place as a general thing with its varying quality and thickness, -retaining its original compact form and density. - -Occasionally, however, is found the layer of blue rock resting -immediately on the layer of phosphatic limestone, and where this is the -case numerous faults and dips occur, showing a similar structure to the -Mt. Pleasant formation typified. - -Again, in the central basin or brown rock region, the top erosion first -disintegrated and then partially took off the upper layers of shale or -flint, sometimes entirely, sometimes leaving it from one to forty feet -thick, which accounts for the varying overburden. - -In some places the limestone layers were entirely soluble or reduced to -clay and some acid condition of soil water dissolved the upper layers -of phosphate and redeposited it in the boulder and stalagmite forms of -the “white rock” found in Perry and Decatur counties and near Godwin, in -Maury County, and the “boulder rock” found everywhere to greater or less -extent but in especially heavy deposits near Nashville on the McGavock -Place. These latter redeposit varieties vary in analysis from 50 per cent -to as high as 90 per cent phosphate, and are uncertain as far as the -general variety goes, though individual deposits varying in extent from -one to twenty or thirty acres, are found of very uniform quality. - -The first phosphate rock discovered in Tennessee was the kidney formation -that almost always attends the blue rock and black shale deposit. The -eminent physician, naturalist, botanist and geologist, Dr. Gattinger, of -Nashville, of revered and beloved memory, was first to recognize these as -phosphate rock, but being much more interested in determining the family -and pedigree of some new beetle or plant than in the commercial aspect -of any mineral proposition, he never gave his discovery to the world, -and only by his casual mention of the fact one day to Will Shirley and -Maj. W. J. Whitthorne, of Columbia, are we able to give him credit for -the knowledge. Dr. Safford, in his “Geology of Tennessee,” describes in -detail both the blue and brown rocks geologically, referring to the blue -rock as a blue fossiliferous limestone nearly always occurring under the -Devonian shale; but no chemical investigations being provided for, he -did not find out that it was a phosphate rock. Major Whitthorne and Mr. -Shirley kept up a systematic hunt for a deposit of commercial value and -finally the former located one on upper Swan Creek simultaneously with -the discovery made lower down the same creek by Messrs. Bates and Childs. -These latter gentlemen were insistent that the black shale, commonly -called slate rock, so abundant in the highland rim country, was a form -of, or indicative of the proximity of, coal, and at regularly recurring -intervals they would send in particularly promising looking samples to -Professor Wharton, of Nashville, for analysis. One day they dropped into -their bag of samples a piece of blue rock which they informed Professor -Wharton was nearly always present under the “slate,” and seemed to be a -“bloom.” What was their astonishment to receive from Professor Wharton -the report that their coal was still worthless, but that their bloom was -phosphate rock, analyzing over 70 per cent. This was in December, 1893, -and like the news of William Tell in Switzerland, of old, “From hill to -hill the summons flew,” and the whole country went phosphate and option -mad. - -Lack of transportation and timidity of capital, coupled with the -large amount of territory occupied by the deposit and the numerous -parties holding properties caused the development to be spasmodic and -comparatively small and scattered, and in consequence the price soon fell -from $4.25 per ton f. o. b. Aetna, which was the first sale, made by the -old Southwestern Phosphate Co., to $2.25 per ton, which was the price at -which blue rock guaranteed 65 per cent was sold in 1896, being just a -small margin over the cost of production and hauling to the railroad. - -In January, 1896, at a time when negotiations were on foot for the sale -of a large tract of blue rock land on Swan Creek, Mr. S. Q. Weatherly, -former county judge, and prior to that county surveyor of Lewis County, -while on a trip to Mt. Pleasant, noticed the peculiar brown rock in the -ditch at the roadside on the W. S. Jennings’ farm west of Mt. Pleasant, -and being interested in minerals, picked up a piece of it. Noticing the -analagous appearance to the weathered blue rock, which is generally -brown on the surface, he dropped it in his buggy. On his return to Swan -Creek, he showed it to Mr. Harry Arnold and Col. D. B. Cooper, who were -interested in the negotiations above mentioned. These gentlemen had it -analyzed and finding it to be 75 per cent phosphate rock, induced Mr. -Weatherly to say nothing about it until after their deal was consummated. -Associated with these gentlemen was also Mr. W. J. Webster, and during -the time from January to July, 1896, when the negotiations for the -sale of the blue rock properties were finally closed, they ascertained -partially the extent of the Mt. Pleasant brown rock field. - -When their “big trade” was made they formed the firm of H. I. Arnold -& Co., bought two and one-half acres of land from Mr. Mumford Smith, -ostensibly for a calf lot for Mt. Pleasant’s present genial mayor, Mr. W. -D. Cooper, leased at a royalty of ten cents per ton a few acres from Mr. -Cooper and a few from a darky named Tom Smith, got an option from Mrs. M. -G. Frierson on the present Columbian & Blue Grass Hills, and commenced -mining rock and putting it on the cars at a cost of about eighty-five -cents per ton. This rock, without preparation, ran 75 per cent instead of -65 per cent, but whereas the blue rock had never run higher than 3 per -cent I. & A., this rock ran, in the state they shipped it, from 4½ to 6 -per cent I. & A. - -Of course the manufacturers had bought blue rock for $2.25, and knew they -were getting it at very nearly the cost of production, and when they saw -the “snap” the miner had, they took the stick this excess of I. & A. -gave them and proceeded to beat the price down with it until $1.25 and -eventually $1.00 per ton were common prices. - -Capitalists were rendered more timid than ever before, and even astute -phosphate man that he was Col. D. B. Cooper threw up both hands and quit. -He said, “Boys, if that is phosphate, the whole basin of Middle Tennessee -is full of it, and it will never be worth mining, as every farmer will -pick it up off the ground and haul it to the railroad.” - -Mr. John S. O’Neal, in a paper presented to the Engineering Association -of the South, as late as 1897, said, “the owner of a bed of phosphate -rock, is not as well off as the owner of a sand bank, given the same -proximity to market.” - -The poor fellows in the phosphate business, however, couldn’t get out, -and kept digging away, until gradually capital decided it was worth -buying the lands after all, and as a result nearly $2,000,000 has been -paid for property in the Mt. Pleasant field, about $500,000 in other -portions of Maury County, and over $1,000,000 for property in the -counties of Decatur, Perry, Lewis, Hickman, Giles, Williamson, Davidson -and Sumner. Rock has gradually advanced in price until now 65 per cent -blue rock sells at from $2.60 to $2.80 per ton, 75 per cent brown rock -at from $3.10 to $3.60 per ton and 78 per cent domestic (4½ I. & A.) at -$3.75 to $4.00, while 78 per cent export rock with 3 to 4 per cent I. & -A. sells for from $4.00 to $4.25 per ton. - -As the prices have increased the cost of production has increased for one -reason and another, until now each ton of phosphate rock put on board -the cars represents an average cost in labor and salaries of $2.00 per -ton. The production for 1904 having been 540,000 tons, the wage earners -of Tennessee have profited by this industry to the extent of $1,080,000 -during last year alone. On the other hand, fertilizer factories have -sprung up all through the interior of the country like magic, and as -they now get 75 per cent rock at their factory for less than the freight -they used to pay on 62 per cent rock from South Carolina, acid phosphate -is cheaper than ever before, and consequently the farmer gets cheaper -fertilizer or else better fertilizer for the same money. - -The first thing which impresses itself on the mind of almost any visitor -to the phosphate fields is the almost universal dependence on hand labor -of the simplest pick and shovel kind. This is partially due to the fact -that they “just started that way,” and hence the most “experienced -laborers” have always done that way; and partially to the fact that after -sufficient capital was at hand for the purpose, the varying conditions -met with in the deposit made it very difficult to devise appliances -suitable for one portion of a mine that would answer the requirements in -the closely adjacent portions. - -For instance, it is possible in the same open face of a mine to find the -overburden varying from two feet to twenty and the rock from a few inches -thick, sticking tight to the top of a lime boulder, to fifteen feet in -the “dip between two boulders,” while the rock itself will vary from the -shaly, partially disintegrated top rock through various sizes to heavy -blocks six to eight inches thick and often ten or twelve feet long. - -It will therefore be seen how difficult it is to design a machine that -will accommodate itself to the handling of this material. The removal of -the overburden has been generally accomplished with wheel scrapers. Two -companies have used the New Era or Western machine plow with elevator -belt loading the dirt into dump bottom wagons alongside. Two steam -shovels are now in use, being of the traction type, and occasionally -these have been used in digging the rock, though apparently with not -sufficient success to justify its continuance. Cableways have never been -used to transport the material and this is done largely by wagon and -team, though many tram roads with cars propelled either by mules or dinky -engines are in use. - -The bulk of the rock, however, is dug by the miner with pick and fork, -loaded into wagons, hauled out and dumped in windrows on the ground, -stirred with a potato plow and harrows, allowed to dry in the sun, taken -up again into wagons and hauled either direct to cars for shipping -or put under sheds for storage. When an extra good quality of rock is -wanted, as for export, a few layers of cordwood are put down and the -sun-dried rock put on that. Then, when ready to ship, the wood is fired, -and after the rock is cool, it is broken and loaded with forks, when most -of the dirt sloughs off, leaving the rock almost perfectly clean. - -Some rock can be put from the mines immediately on the wood and burned -for export, but generally this will only be a safe domestic rock. Some -companies who have water accessible, pick out the large pieces and send -them direct to the dry kilns and then the small pieces with the dirt, -known as “muck,” are passed through washers, the rock coming out clean, -and being deposited on cordwood and burned as above described. - -The resulting rock, after being crushed, is passed through screens which -separate it in three sizes, from one and one-half inch up going for -export, between that and one-fourth inch for domestic, and the dust and -one-fourth inch pieces being ground up and sold for direct use or to -small factories. - -The Century Phosphate Co. has installed a system of dryers and do not -wash the rock, but dry it thoroughly in mechanical dryers and then screen -and separate it as above. - -The reason the larger pieces are as a rule of higher grade than the -smaller, is that the dirt and impurity is mostly on the surface of the -rock and the greater the proportion of surface to volume the lower the -grade in B. P. L. and the higher in iron and alumina. - -Owners and operators of mines are gradually turning their attention -to labor-saving devices for primary operations, and for systems of -reclaiming the immense amount of waste that has heretofore gone on, both -in the mining and the preparation of the rock. - -One marked step forward in the business is the establishment of a -small mixing plant for making complete fertilizers, and the commencing -of operations on a large acid phosphate factory, with prospects for -additional ones later on. - -At least ten per cent of the present output is thrown away to prepare -the high grade rock necessary, and this waste will make good 13 per cent -acid phosphate, so that every year 50,000 tons of valuable material is -absolutely thrown away. This is more phosphate rock than is annually -used by any one fertilizer factory in the world, so far as known to the -writer. This waste product could easily be transported to a local factory -for an average cost of less than 50 cents per ton. Sulphuric acid can be -bought laid down at Mt. Pleasant for $7 per ton. The mixing and other -preparation will not exceed $2 per ton, so that using half acid and half -rock the cost of the acid phosphate will not be more than $4.75 per ton, -while it will probably sell for at least $8 per ton. From these figures -we appear to be throwing into the waste pile at present material that -should represent a profit of not less than $162,500 per annum. That -this will be allowed to continue does not appear likely. The question -might arise, however, “What will you do with the acid phosphate thus -manufactured to keep from overcrowding or at least injuring the market?” -I should answer this by calling attention to the immense area of land -in Maury, Lawrence, Lewis and Hickman counties, known as “The Barrens,” -which are gradually being denuded of their timber for cordwood that is -shipped to Mt. Pleasant for use in drying the phosphate rock. There are -at least 250,000 acres of this land, which is now readily purchasable -at $3 per acre, with the cord wood on it. The wood alone will yield in -value more than this price, thus leaving the land clear. Now, it has been -demonstrated at Lawrenceburg, Summertown, Loretto, St. Joseph, Hohenwald -and numerous other places that systematic and intelligent farming, even -with the meager supply of fertilizer (almost entirely in the shape of -bone meal) that has been used, will bring these lands up to a point -where they will bring from fifteen to twenty bushels of wheat or from -twenty-five to thirty bushels of corn per acre. Such lands that have been -so brought up readily sell for from $10 to $40 per acre, according to -location. - -From experiments it has been ascertained that the principal element of -plant food lacking in these soils is phosphoric acid. The application -of 275 pounds of acid phosphate per acre each year on these lands would -consume right at our doors the entire output of the proposed acid -factory, even if none were sold elsewhere. This appears chimerical to -the casual observer, I must confess, but a careful investigation will -demonstrate the soundness of the position taken. - -A feature throwing some light on the development of the business at Mt. -Pleasant is shown by the following table: - -The lengths of track built in each year are as follows: - - L. & N. R. R. Private Parties. - - Year. Feet. Miles. Feet. Miles. - - 1896 200 .04 - 1897 1,106 .21 10,343 1.96 - 1898 4,403 .83 2,386 .45 - 1899 4,857 .92 30,965 5.86 - 1900 23,835 4.51 33,152 6.28 - 1901 250 .05 1,364 .26 - 1903 29,040 5.50 - ------ ---- ------- ----- - Totals 34,651 6.56 107,250 20.31 - -In addition to these tracks, there are about six miles of narrow gauge -tracks and about eight or nine sidings and spurs have been built in -Lawrence County for loading cordwood for shipment to Mt. Pleasant. - -In Hickman County, the N. C. & St. L. Ry. has built and acquired by -purchase from private owners about seven miles of track, which it is now -engaged in extending three miles farther up Swan and Blue Buck creeks, -and some five or six miles of private tracks have been built. - -The following table shows the production of phosphate rock in Tennessee, -1894-1904: - - Quantity - Year. (Long tons). Value. - - 1894 19,188 $ 67,158 - 1895 38,515 82,160 - 1896 26,157 57,370 - 1897 128,723 193,115 - 1898 308,107 498,392 - 1899 462,561 1,272,022 - 1900 450,856 1,352,568 - 1901 394,139 1,186,033 - 1902 454,078 1,341,161 - 1903 445,510 1,434,660 - 1904 540,000 1,944,000 - ------- --------- - Total 3,267,834 $9,428,639 - -With more or less frequency, according to whether the news supply -is sufficiently good to enable them to get “their per column,” -correspondents fire into the several papers of the State some sensational -head-liny article about the new “discovery of phosphate rock at -Crossroadsville, 5 to 40 feet thick, analyzing from 60 to 90 per cent -bone phosphate of lime.” For fear of being behindhand with the news all -the papers copy it, and before the report can be corrected to its proper -reality of from 6 to 9 per cent, it has been heralded to the four corners -of the earth and its effect on future and pending sales can better be -imagined than estimated. - -If one will take the reports of the geological survey he will find that -every possible deposit of phosphate rock in the State is absolutely and -positively located. There will be no new discoveries. Of course there -will be much new development, but the location of such development will -have been discovered long before. - -The principal localities in the State where operations are now in -progress, are: Mt. Pleasant, Kleburn, Jameson and Century, in Maury -County; Lower Swan Creek, Twomey and Totty’s Bend, in Hickman County; -near Gallatin, in Sumner County; Wales Station, in Giles County, and near -Nashville, in Davidson County. - -The principal localities where developments will gradually take place -as the demands of the business require are: Southport, Estes Bend, Bear -Creek, Neeley’s Valley, Little Bigby, West Fork, *Baptist Branch and -*Leiper’s Creek, in Maury County; Richland Creek, in Giles County; -Station Camp Creek, in Sumner County; north and west of Franklin, in -Williamson County; Brentwood and Bellevue, in Davidson County; Beech -River, in Decatur County; Tom’s Creek, Buffalo River, *Hurricane Creek -and Cane Creek, in Perry County; *Forty-eight Mile Creek, in Wayne -County; *Upper Swan and *Indian Creek, in Lewis County; *Lower Swan, -*Indian Creek, Ship’s Bend, Gray’s Bend, Persimmon, Haleys and -*Leatherwood creeks, in Hickman County. - - * Blue rock. - -Anything exploited outside of these known and designated deposits is -very apt to prove either a flash in the pan or will be found to be only -worked by the newspaper correspondents at so much per column. - -Of the present working localities the principal one is Mt. Pleasant, and -while the property owners there are beginning to figure a little on how -much they have left, still the prevailing impression that Mt. Pleasant -is about through mining is an exceedingly mistaken one. With the present -rate of output, the visible supply of the Mt. Pleasant field proper -will last for seven years longer, without taking into consideration the -Southport field, which is practically part of the Mt. Pleasant field. -With the Southport field mining will last here at the present rate of -output for eleven years. It is very easy to understand that as work -progresses at Mt. Pleasant and the end comes more nearly in sight, some -miners drop out by selling, some by working out their small deposits and -these naturally go to the other fields above referred to. In none of the -other fields is found the persistently uniform high grade brown rock of -Mt. Pleasant except Southport, Century and Kleburn, in the two latter of -which operations are now in progress, and in the former the extension of -the Mt. Pleasant Southern Railway will soon cause development work there. - -As these deposits afford practically the same grade of rock as Mt. -Pleasant proper, they will be worked out simultaneously with it and will -cater to the same market. - -With their knowledge that the visible supply of this character of rock is -comparatively limited, producers are gradually increasing their prices, -and by reason of such increase they are slowly reducing their output and -giving opportunity for the marketing of the lower grades in the other -fields, notably the Swan Creek and Indian Creek deposits in Hickman -County. - -This, of course, means that the producers at Mt. Pleasant will make more -money from their product, and that it will last a considerably longer -time, so that it is safe to say that mining in force will be carried on -at Mt. Pleasant and kindred localities for at least twenty years. - -During the next decade, to supply the diminution of Mt. Pleasant’s -output, will come the gradual development of the vast blue rock field -of Maury, Hickman and Lewis counties, and the white rock of Perry and -Decatur counties, which form the backbone of the phosphate industry in -Tennessee, and whose millions of tons will cause these counties to be -considered the phosphate reservoir of the world for the next seventy-five -or one hundred years. - -The change of base will be gradual and easy, and the trade will have -ample opportunity and time to adjust its operations so as to utilize the -lower grade blue rock as it becomes advisable and necessary to do so. Its -many points of superiority for acidulation and for direct use without -acidulation will largely make up for its lower grade, and as a mining -proposition it more nearly approaches a technical field of operation. - -The blue rock field proper covers a territory bounded approximately by -a trapezoid having as its four corners Centreville, in Hickman County; -Kinderhook and Mt. Joy, in Maury County, and Lewis Monument, in Lewis -County. Traversing this territory are Duck River, Indian, Swan, Blue Buck -and Cathey’s creeks, and their tributaries, and outcropping along these -valleys and underlying the ridges between them are deposits of blue rock -running in bone phosphate from 60 per cent to 78 per cent, with less than -3 per cent iron and alumina, that will aggregate in the neighborhood of -40,000,000 tons. - -This field will soon be developed by the extension of the Nashville, -Chattanooga & St. Louis branch up Swan Creek and the Louisville & -Nashville branch down Swan Creek, with side lines and spurs leading off -each, surveys for which have been made, and work on construction will -soon be under way. - -If, however, the Florence Northern Railroad should ever be built from -Florence to Nashville it will run through the heart of this territory as -well as the magnificent iron deposits of Wayne and Lewis. - -With the above road and a road from Huntsville on the southeast to Milan -on the northwest all of the phosphate territory would be fully developed, -and this section of Maury, Hickman, Lewis, Perry, Giles, Davidson and -Williamson counties would be the site of more fertilizer factories than -will be found elsewhere in the world in the same space. - -Contributary to such prospective development is the present opening up of -pyrites deposits at Pyriton, near Talladega, Ala., with ore running two -to four units higher than the Virginia ores, and while from four to six -units lower than the best Spanish ores, it is much more free burning than -the latter, and with its advantage in freight rates, will likely give -manufacturers equally as good a product at a lower price. - -The vein of pyrites is about one and one-half miles long and from four -to fifteen feet thick and has been exploited to a depth of 430 feet, the -ore improving in quality with the depth. It is reported by manufacturers -who have used it to be the freest burning pyrites ore known, leaving -only about ½ of 1 per cent of the sulphur in the cinder and containing -no deleterious ingredients. The deposits are controlled by the Alabama -Pyrites Company and the Southern Sulphur Ore Company, the latter owned by -Messrs. Carpenter & Howard, of Columbia, their vein running from eight to -fifteen feet thick. The railroad into this deposit has been built from -the Louisville & Nashville, at Talladega, a distance of twenty miles, at -a cost of nearly $400,000. - -The consumption of fertilizers has increased 200 per cent in the United -States in the past twelve years, and while the visible supply of -phosphate rock is rapidly decreasing, the consumption of fertilizers -is almost as rapidly increasing, and with this fact in view, the large -fertilizer companies are and have been for several years gradually -buying up phosphate lands to provide themselves for the future. This -tendency has put a large amount of phosphate property in such strong -hands that little or no danger is possible of the old scramble to sell, -with its attendant low prices. At the same time, a considerable amount -of land valuable for its phosphate deposits is still uncontrolled by -manufacturers, so that a healthy competition in the business is still -open. - -The amount of fertilizer used in Middle Tennessee is almost a minus -quantity, but this state of things cannot long exist. The horse worked -continuously without feeding soon dies, and so it will be, nay already -is, with much of our land in the “dimple of the universe.” - -Farmers know that the crops of ten years ago cannot be raised to-day -and are all waking up to the fact that something is needed. The large -stock-raiser, who husbands his stable manure, can partially take care of -the thin spots on his land. But the small farmer, the backbone of the -country, whose acres do not afford him land sufficient to till and still -have the rich pastures necessary to raise much stock, contents himself -with simply wearing out his farm, selling it at a low price, generally -with the mediation of the sheriff, and moving elsewhere for better or -more probably for worse. To this class the use of fertilizer in Tennessee -is practically unknown, but their successors of the next few decades -will form, as is the case in other States, the bulk of the fertilizer -consumers, and when this comes to pass Tennessee will indeed have come -into her own. - -The use of fertilizer in the cotton States has enabled the planters to -continue year after year to raise the enormous crops of cotton and has -also enabled them to diversify their crops by being able to produce the -same yield of cotton on a less number of acres. - -So fertilizers will enable the Middle Tennessee farmers to raise the -same amount of feed on fewer acres, leaving more land to grow up to blue -grass, and our present greatly depreciated live stock interests will come -up by leaps and bounds until we will rival the famous blue grass section -of Kentucky, if we do not far outstrip it. - -When one stops to consider (1) that the wheat crop alone annually -removes from the soil of the United States more phosphoric acid than -is the equivalent of twice the amount of phosphate rock produced in -the country; and (2) that over half of the amount mined is exported so -that the fertilizers used in the United States return to the soil only -one-fourth of the phosphoric acid that is taken away by the wheat crop -alone, without considering the other crops, we can readily see that the -consumption of fertilizer and phosphate rock not only will, but of right -ought to, enormously increase, and that the industry is a permanent -one that will last without cessation or danger of serious interruption -as long as the world eats bread. That it has been and still is being -developed almost entirely by outside capital is one of the features that -seems to attend the development of practically all the industries of the -State. - -A complete analysis of a dry sample of average “brown rock,” which the -writer had made several years ago, may be of interest, and is as follows: - - Moisture .87 - Combined water and organic matter 1.53 - Sand and insoluble matter 2.76 - Peroxide of iron 2.40 - Alumina 1.99 - Lime 49.07 - Magnesia .24 - Carbonic acid 1.08 - Equals carbonate of lime, 2.41. - Fluorine 2.98 - Sulphuric acid 1.03 - Phosphoric acid 35.62 - Equals bone phosphate of lime, 77.78. - ----- - Total 99.57 - -The rock which is exported from Tennessee goes to England, Scotland, -Ireland, Belgium, Holland, France, Spain, Italy, Austria and Japan. The -domestic rock is consumed by the various fertilizer factories all over -that part of the United States east of the Mississippi River, some of the -principal points being Philadelphia, Pa.; Buffalo, N. Y.; Cleveland and -Columbus, Ohio; Chicago, Ill.; Indianapolis, Ind.; Lynchburg, Staunton, -Norfolk and Richmond, Va.; Memphis, Nashville and Chattanooga, Tenn.; -Greenville, Columbia and Charleston, S. C.; Charlotte and Winston, N. -C.; Macon and Atlanta, Ga.; Meridian, Miss.; Birmingham, Montgomery and -Mobile, Ala. - -In conclusion, a word might be appropriate on the subject of the direct -use of raw ground phosphate rock as a fertilizer, without acidulation. - -The experiment stations of the great States of Illinois, Ohio, -Pennsylvania, Maryland and New Jersey have made exhaustive experiments -with this material, and their bulletins may be had by any farmer desiring -them, showing that this material has given results that prove it to be -more valuable for many soils than the acidulated phosphate. The great -State of Tennessee, on the other hand, without any practical experiments -to back it up, in the face of the opinions of some of its most eminent -chemists and experts, continues on its statute book an absolute -prohibition against the sale of this material within its borders. - -Mr. Cyril Hopkins, of the Illinois Experiment Station, says that the -discovery of the Tennessee phosphate deposits is the greatest thing that -ever happened for the farmers of Illinois. - -Each year many carloads of this material are shipped into other States -and wherever it has been used its use is spreading, yet these people have -to pay more in freight alone than it would cost the average Tennessee -farmer at his farm. - -Immense deposits of this rock exist in Tennessee high enough in grade -to meet the requirements for direct use, and if this prohibition were -removed, almost every county seat in the sixth and seventh congressional -districts would have phosphate mills to supply the local trade, just as -they have flour mills. - -The next Legislature should certainly correct the errors of the past by -allowing the Tennessee farmer to exercise the same amount of free agency, -common sense judgment as his fellows of the other States. - -The principal mines in Tennessee are shown in the table on the following -page: - - --------+---------------------------------------------------------+ - | Operators. | - County. +---------------------------------------+-----------------+ - | | | - | Name | Post Office | - --------+---------------------------------------+-----------------+ - Davidson|Charleston, S. C., Mining and Mfg. Co. |Charleston, S. C.| 1 - Hickman |American Cotton Oil Co. |New York | 2 - Hickman |Jarecki Chemical Co. |Cincinnati, O. | 3 - Hickman |Meridian Fertilizer Fac. |Meridian, Miss. | 4 - Hickman |Rich & Hays Phos. Co. |Twomey | 5 - Hickman |Rich & Hays Phos. Co. |Twomey | 6 - Hickman |Swift & Co. |Chicago | 7 - Hickman |Tenn. Blue Rock Phos. Co. |Mt. Pleasant | 8 - Hickman |S. M. Ward Mining Co. |Centerville | 9 - Maury |H. F. Alexander |Columbia |10 - Maury |H. F. Alexander & Co. |Mt. Pleasant |11 - Maury |Blue Grass Phos. Co. |Mt. Pleasant |12 - Maury |Central Phosphate Co. |Mt. Pleasant |13 - Maury |Central Phosphate Co. |Mt. Pleasant |14 - Maury |Central Phosphate Co. |Mt. Pleasant |15 - Maury |Central Phosphate Co. |Mt. Pleasant |16 - Maury |Charleston, S. C., Mining and Mfg. Co. |Charleston, S. C.|17 - Maury | ” ” ” |Charleston, S. C.|18 - Maury | ” ” ” |Charleston, S. C.|19 - Maury | ” ” ” |Charleston, S. C.|20 - Maury |Columbian Phos. Co. |Mt. Pleasant |21 - Maury |H. B. Battle |Winston, N. C. |22 - Maury |Federal Chemical Co. |Louisville, Ky. |23 - Maury |International Phos. Co. |Columbia |24 - Maury |International Phos. Co. |Columbia |25 - Maury |Maury Phos. Co. |Mt. Pleasant |26 - Maury |Petrified Bone Min. Co |Mt. Pleasant |27 - Maury |Swift & Co. |Chicago, Ill. |28 - Maury |Tenn. Chemical Co. |Nashville |29 - Sumner |Buffalo Fertilizer Co. |Buffalo, N. Y. |30 - Sumner |Smith Agr. Chem. Co. |Columbus, O. |31 - Sumner |Swift & Co. |Chicago, Ill. |32 - Maury |France & Co. |Mt. Pleasant |33 - Maury |Ruhm & Barrow |Mt. Pleasant |34 - Hickman |N. Y. & St. L. Min. & Mfg. Co. |Aetna, Tenn |35 - Maury |Globe Phos. Co. |Mt. Pleasant |36 - Maury |Century Phos. Co. |Mt. Pleasant |37 - Maury |Southport Phos. Co. |Mt. Pleasant |38 - Hickman |Amer. Cot. Oil Co. |New York |39 - Lewis |Big Swan Phos. Co. |Mt. Pleasant |40 - Hickman |Ruhm & Wheeler |Mt. Pleasant |41 - Hickman |Killebrew, Ruhm & Co. |Mt. Pleasant |42 - Perry |Perry Phos. Co. |Columbia |43 - Decatur |Beech River Phos. Co. |Nashville |44 - Lewis |Charleston M. & Mfg. Co. |Mt. Pleasant |45 - --------+---------------------------------------+-----------------+ - +-----------------+-------------------+------------- - | | Holdings. | Character of - | Name of Tract +-----------+-------+ mining: - | or Mine | How |No. of | Underground - | | Held | Acres | or surface. - +-----------------+-----------+-------+------------- - 1| Caldwell | Fee | 65 | Surface. - 2| Gregory | Fee | 125 | Both. - 3| Ratliff | Fee | 300 | Both. - 4| Laverick | Fee | 2,280 | Under’gr’d. - 5| Brown | Fee | 50 | Surface. - 6| Wiss | Lease | 40 | Both. - 7| Eason | Fee | 60 | Both. - 8| Fogg | Lease | 200 | Under’gr’d. - 9| McGill | Lease | 500 | Both. - 10| Jameson | | | Surface. - 11| Mt. Pleasant | | | Surface. - 12| Blue Grass | Lease | 1,000 | Surface. - 13| Dawson | | | Surface. - 14| Kittrell | Lease | 125 | Surface. - 15| Harris | | | Surface. - 16| Long | Fee | 140 | Surface. - 17| Arrow | Fee | 690 | Surface. - 18| Howard | Fee | 182 | Surface. - 19| McMeen | Fee | 540 | Surface. - 20| Ridley | Fee | 319 | Surface. - 21| Columbian | Fee | 60 | Surface. - 22| Battle | Fee | 84 | Surface. - 23| Tenn. Phos. Co. | Fee | 1,200 | Surface. - 24| Solita | Fee | 110 | Surface. - 25| Satterfield | Fee | 275 | Surface. - 26| Moore | Fee | 264 | Surface. - 27| Petrified | Fee | 220 | Surface. - 28| Bailey | Lease | 361 | Surface. - 29| Douglass | Fee | 250 | Surface. - 30| Watkins | Fee | 250 | Surface. - 31| Sumner Phos. Co.| Fee | 1,500 | Surface. - 32| Guthrie | Fee | 321 | Surface. - 33| Goodloe | Fee | 40 | Surface. - 34| Sedberry | Fee | 130 | Surface. - 35| Peery | Fee | 7,000 | Under’gr’d. - 36| American | Fee | 2,500 | Surface. - 37| Harlan |Lease & Fee| 1,000 | Surface. - 38| Southport | Fee | 943 | Surface. - 39| Gilmer | Fee | 200 | Both. - 40| Walker | Fee | 600 | Under’gr’d. - 41| Harvill | Fee | 736 | Under’gr’d. - 42| Rochell | Fee | 541 | Both. - 43| Tom’s Creek | Fee | 500 | Under’gr’d. - 44| Parsons | Fee | 1,000 | Surface. - 45| Mayfield | Fee | 500 | Under’gr’d. - --+-----------------+-----------+-------+------------- - - - - -A History of the Hals - -BY JOHN TROTWOOD MOORE - - -CHAPTER II. - -THE PACER’S FAST DEVELOPMENT. - - De Record’s Gwine Down. - - De pat’idge is in de cohn-field, his courtin’ days am pas’, - He am waitin’ fur de hunter wid his gun and whiky flas’, - De squirl’s in de hickernut, de shell am droppin’ ’roun’, - But de pacer’s still de racer, and - de - record’s - gwine - down! - - De coon am up de white-oak, an’ de price er powder’s riz, - He am layin’ up de coon-grease dat am good fur rheumatiz. - De ’possum’s way up yonder whar de wild grape’s turnin’ brown, - But de pacer holds de market, and - he - keeps - dat - record - down! - - Oh, ebery thing am risin’, and’ hog-meat’s in de sky, - E’en de chickens got de panic an’ hev gone to roostin’ high! - De onliest thing dat’s fallin’—an it makes de trotter frown— - Am de pacin’ race-horse record, and - dat - keeps - on - gwine - down! - - OLD WASH. - -The achievements and development of the pacer in the past ten or fifteen -years, since the advent of the Hals, and the swift tribe of trotting-bred -pacers, has been so marked and so great that a special chapter is needed -for its explanation. The old “side-wheeler” has gone—the new, beautifully -gaited, true striding pacing race horse has taken his place. No other -feature of a race meeting brings out the crowd and the enthusiasm equal -to the free-for-all pace. Never before had such races been witnessed -as those first seen in the days of the Big Four—the queen of which was -Mattie Hunter 2:12½, the first great Hal mare to attract the attention -of the world. She was the star of the Big Four, the others being Blind -Tom, Lucy and Rowdy Boy. Later, some of the great free-for-allers were -Little Brown Jug, Brown Hal, Hal Pointer, Robert J, Direct, Joe Patchen, -John R Gentry and many others whose names will be readily remembered by -every horseman. The very mention of these names brings a thrill to the -heart as, toward the last of the century, Robert J, John R. Gentry and -Joe Patchen and Star Pointer began to bring the pacing record to the -two-minute mark. This was first done by Star Pointer, an inbred Hal, -crossed again and again in the thoroughbred blood which, undoubtedly, -gave to the Hals the staying power so characteristic of the family. And -so, looking back, the following article, written by Trotwood December 29, -1892, seems prophetic—that is, if there were such a thing as prophecy. -But, alas, there is not, for prophecy is merely another name for the -cause of the future as foreseen in the present’s effect. And though this -was written thirteen years ago, it is embodied into this history, as -fitting so well the present: - -“There can no longer be any doubt that the pacer, as a future product on -the light harness race course, will be a still stronger factor than he -is to-day. Even if desired, it is now not possible to eliminate him from -the light harness breeding world. He has come to stay. It matters not -to us whether the honest, but sturdy, rascal can trace his ancestors to -Marsh’s five-toed orohippos, weighing about forty pounds, and which had -all he could do to keep out of the way of Darwin’s “missing link,” and -thus save himself from drudgery, even before the days of the Silurian -serpents, or whether he was developed in Trojan wars as carved on the -frieze of Grecian temples; the fact remains the same, that to-day he is -here by a large majority, and though snubbed by his more aristocratic -brother, he persistently refuses to stay behind in the procession, and -is never happier than when he can get up a good, rattling fight in a -five-heat race, or stick his common, but inquisitive, nose a few seconds -beyond the trotting record securely placarded on the front of old Father -Time. Flung into the world without prestige, friends or influence; his -coming regarded as the epitome of a breeder’s ill luck; condemned before -he was born, and damned before he could walk; a little too good to kill, -yet hardly good enough to be allowed a square meal once a week that he -might grow up like any other horse; toe-weighted and hobbled and banged -about, and forced to trot in spite of the laws of nature herself, yet the -game and honest little fellow, when relieved of his owner’s prejudices -and hobbles, has flown to the front with the ease of a swallow through -the air and the grace of a game fish in the lake, and now holds the first -record for speed and the chief place on the program in the eye of a grand -stand that paid its way to see an honest horse race. - -“It is the old story of the rejected stone, and he now holds up with -surprising popularity his corner of the race horse structure. And yet -twenty years ago a pacer was scarcely allowed on a fashionable race -course; his pedigree, they said, took to the woods on the first cross; -he was regarded by the trotting world as a camel-backed, cat-hammed, -narrow-chested, curby-legged beast who paced because he couldn’t trot, -and was alive because nobody cared to buy powder enough to kill all of -them in the woods of Tennessee and Kentucky. He was allowed to exist on -the race course very much on the same idea that a slave is allowed to -breathe the same air and view the same heaven his master does. He began -his career because he was a good kind of an animal to have around to do -the race act at the pumpkin show and come in along with the fat woman and -the five-legged calf. His coming to the front was his own work; and to -use a classical phrase, he was purely the architect of his own fortune. -The American people are a long time finding out merit, but nothing helps -them to see it as quickly as the image of the American eagle stamped on -the back of a silver dollar—and this the pacer has shown them. - -“Despite the oft-repeated theory of ‘the Canadian pacer,’ there is no -doubt that the pacer as now found in Kentucky, Tennessee and the West -came originally from the older Atlantic States, such as Virginia and -the Carolinas, and that he was brought there by our forefathers from -England. The fact that there are pacers in Canada merely proves that in -that Dominion also they have been brought from the mother country. To -trace their origin in England is both a tedious task and a most uncertain -one. Yet, from the best information obtainable, there appears to be but -little doubt that the pacer was originally a product of Spain, where -many years ago he was bred in the purple as a pleasure animal for the -nobility of Andalusia and other Spanish states. In fact, it is more -than probable that he was bred with more care than was bestowed by the -Spanish upon their now favorite animal—the ass. We know that the pacer -was safely domiciled in England as far back as the Norman Conquest, for -in ‘Ivanhoe,’ written by that most painstaking scholar and novelist, Sir -Walter Scott—a man who wrote truer to nature and with as much historic -accuracy as any novelist who has ever lived in England—we find many -allusions to the pacer under the style of the palfrey and the ambler. - -“The following is an extract from Ivanhoe, Chapter II., the scene being -in the time of Richard I. In reading it we must remember that the name -jennet did not mean then as now the female of an ass, but it meant the -palfrey which the lay brother was riding. Says Sir Walter: ‘This worthy -churchman rode upon a well-fed, ambling mule, whose furniture was highly -decorated and whose bridle, according to the fashion of the day, was -ornamented with silver bells.... A lay brother, one of those who followed -in the train, had for his use on other occasions one of the most handsome -Spanish jennets ever bred in Andalusia, which merchants used at that time -to import, with great trouble and risk, for the use of persons of wealth -and distinction. The saddle and housings of this superb palfrey were -covered by a long boat cloth which reached nearly to the ground, and on -which were richly embroidered mitres, crosses and other ecclesiastical -emblems.’ - -“From other writings of Sir Walter Scott we find that the knight usually, -when not in battle, rode upon an ambler, and a page, riding also upon the -same kind of a horse, led the knight’s large war horse, with his armorial -trappings. The fact that in the above extract the mule also paced, goes -to show how strong must have been the pacing instinct in his dam, being -able to overcome entirely the gait of the ass. But to go further into -the history of the pacer in England would be foreign to the ends of this -brief article. - -“We will only add that in spite of the fact that many English breeders -assert that not a pacer has been kept in that country for many years, -yet we believe that this is not true and that there are many of them -there to-day. But to return to our own pacer. It is quite easy to trace -his career as he came from the mother colonies, spreading out through -Kentucky, Tennessee and the States of the Northwest, under the name of -the ‘saddle horse,’ by which name he was held in the highest esteem and -filled an humble but most important position in the pioneer work of State -making. Before the roads were cut out through the forests, and when only -blazed Indian paths were the highways of the country, he was an absolute -necessity, and to-day there belongs to him the proud honor of having been -the first common carrier of American civilization. He was with Marion -and Sumter in their partisan warfare in the Carolinas; he saw, no doubt, -with patriotic emotion, the ignoble surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown; -he followed the intrepid Boone across the Alleghanies into Kentucky, -and came along with the immortal Jackson—the man of destiny—into the -‘basin of middle Tennessee.’ Pulling the plow for an honest living -in the rich cornfields during the week, he carried the women and the -children on his back to the primitive church on Sunday. As civilization -advanced he improved with it, being crossed with thoroughbred blood -in rich profusion, until to-day his lines of breeding are thoroughly -established, and by his speed, gameness and bottom he has advanced from -the humble position of the family man-of-all-work to the fleet-footed -king of the light-harness world—from the simple cabin in the clearing, -and the gentle caress of the backwoodman’s family, to the applause of the -grand stand. - -“A scrub, indeed! He was here fighting for independence and an honest -living when the forefathers of the Wilkes and Almonts—since old imp. -Messenger is regarded as the fountain head—were courting the favor -of royalty in England ‘that thrift may follow fawning,’ or carrying -soup-drinking Britons on their jolting backs to the wharves of Liverpool, -to be shipped over here as food for Tennessee rifles at New Orleans. -Plebian, did you say? Why, he ought to be pensioned. He is older and more -respectable than the Dutch governors of New York and has a greater claim -to patriotism than half of the pensioners who never smelled the smoke of -battle. - -“In Tennessee and Kentucky he has always been a great favorite, and since -the race-track act has been added to his many other accomplishments he is -destined to be yet more popular. But the student who attempts to trace -his development is lost in a maze of thoroughbred blood and ‘native -stock.’ That the ‘pacing-bred pacer’ of to-day is simply a mixture of -the old ambling pacer of Europe, whatever he was, and thoroughbred there -is no doubt in the world. And that this thorough blood has been as good, -if not better, than that in old Messenger himself, is also true. But the -astonishing thing about this amalgamation is the very small per cent of -pacing blood it required to leaven the thoroughbred loaf. A pacing sire -bred to a running mare and that offspring to another running mare, and so -on for several generations, will end with the last, as with the first, in -getting a ‘saddler.’ - -“We have always regarded this fact as the strongest evidence of the -intensity of the pacing instinct—an instinct that has such a pure and -strong fountain-head somewhere that it is able to overcome the running -instinct, though crossed and recrossed upon the pure running blood, is -abundant evidence of its own purity and prepotency. And the fact that -so many fast pacers are continually thrown from the trotting ranks, now -commonly called ‘trotting-bred pacers,’ is but another illustration -of the same fact. Verily, back somewhere in the past the pacer was a -thoroughbred at his way of going. His remote ancestor, whether in the -myths of fables, or in the woods of northern Germany, or the vine-clad -hills of Spain, or around the frozen lakes of Canada, was an Alexander, a -Julius Caesar and a Napoleon Bonaparte, all in one, in the greatness and -gameness of his gait. How else could the fact that every great family of -trotters is continually throwing pacers be explained by any other theory? -The fact that the trotting breeders have been careless in breeding to -mares of strong pacing instinct or breeding, we admit; but the fact -remains the same that the pacing blood in the pedigree of such trotters -does not appear to have acted as a brake in their way of going, but, on -the contrary, has given to them a smoothness of action and an elasticity -of stride which has carried them to the foremost rank at their gait; and -we are also led to believe that it often requires but a small portion of -pacing fluid to overcome several generations of the diagonal gait in the -veins of the trotting-bred horse. - -“Take from the trotting ranks those out of mares or descendants of mares -by old Pilot, Jr., and other pacers, and the truth of this assertion -will be most plainly seen. In fact, every noted family of trotters, such -as the Wilkses and the Almonts—wherever there is any pacing blood, even -away back in the fourth and fifth generation—have to the credit of that -family some pacer who is faster at his way of going than the star trotter -of that family is at his. No Hambletonian trotter has ever attained the -speed that has been shown by Direct, unless it be Nancy Hanks, who has -some pacing blood in her own royal veins and is inclined to pace a bit -herself; nor has any Almont trotter ever equalled Flying Jib and hosts -of others we might mention. Among the Wilkses they are thicker than the -leaves of Valambrosa, until one is forced to believe that the Clay -blood, if such it was, in the pedigree of George Wilkes was about as good -as any the great horse had in his veins. - -“These facts being true, it is evident that the pacer is not a scrub. -If he is a scrub, then we are forced to the conclusion that nothing -in all the breeding world may be likened to the intensity of his -cold-bloodedness. This scrub blood overcomes the hot running blood, -though continually diluted for successive generations; and it needs only -a little of it to knock out the hopes of the bluest blooded trotter -descended from Hambletonian lines. If he is a scrub, then he is the -veritable ‘original sire’ of the scrub horse business, which, like that -in man, is ever on top. But as this sin of the pacer helps him to the -wire first, and has given him the harness records of the world, we trust -no trotting moralist will attempt to entirely obliterate it. We don’t -need any crucifixions there! To our mind, we believe that if the curtain -of the past could ever be unrolled upon the pacers of old we would find -that centuries ago he was bred for no other way of going, and bred so -long and so purely and so consistently that in him has been planted an -instinct that will never be obliterated. To argue that a cold-blooded -horse can be thus preponent is to argue against the well-known laws of -heredity! - -“In the second place, the pacer has undoubtedly come to stay. The -American people are nothing if not quick in realizing real merit and -honoring it when clearly proven. As they make no pretensions to the shams -of royalty, so are they not bound by the iron rules of court custom from -‘hustling’ to horse-racing. They do not care for so much trappy action; -nor does the matter of a banged tail cut as much of a figure in their -calculations as does the intense patriotism which lies within them for -their own almighty dollar. Passing over the generally admitted fact that -the pacer is naturally faster than the trotter, comes to his speed more -quickly, may be more evenly matched in a race, and is preserved longer by -reason of the smoothness of his gait, there is yet another cause why the -pacer is destined to become more popular. - -“A great English commoner, whose ire had been aroused on one occasion by -a member of the House of Lords, in reply, in a speech of burning oratory, -spoke of the aforesaid gentleman as being in his titled position merely -by reason of the fact that he was ‘the accident of an accident.’ There is -no doubt that Hambletonian 10, the present head of the trotting family, -was even more of an accident than the English lord was. Bellfounder -mares of trotting propensities were rarer than imported Messengers, and -if the mating of Abdallah with this mare was not an accident, but the -plan of a thoughtful intellect looking to the future, the descendants of -the man who thought it out should have risen up and told it last month, -that their forefathers might have been honored along with Columbus at -the opening of the World’s Fair. Now the ‘trotting-bred pacer’ is quite -an accident himself. He is here by reason of the fact that many trotting -breeders in their wild vagaries and theories regarding the best way to -breed a trotter, ranging all the way, in the theory of breeding, from -thoroughblood to jackass, have accidentally honored a few thousand -pacing mares with a service to some of their Hambletonians. As a result -the ‘trotting-bred’ pacer is with us. As it is quite impossible for the -trotting turf to get rid of this rascal if they wished to, and as he has -managed to be quite a game and fast money-making machine himself, he has -clinched the popularity of the pacer as a pacer and has stuck a peg in -the map of popular favor that would be hard to be removed. - -“And it is safe to say that by reason of the blood of Pilot, Jr., Clay, -Blue Bull, Tom Hal, Pocahontas and many others being so generally -distributed in the pedigrees of trotters, the ‘trotting-bred pacer’ will -continue to come from such trotting sources in the future in geometrical -proportion and to pace in the same ratio. What will be done with them? -Each one, with speed, is simply a money-making machine, and his owner -will not be long in putting him at the work which nature cut out for -him. To destroy him merely because he paces belongs to the dark ages when -the pacing gait was one which made no money, but now, since the pacing -purses have gotten to be so liberal and getting more so each year, it -is only common sense to suppose that owners of pacing horses will begin -to take more pains in their development and their breeding. This will -improve their speed. As it is now, we do not suppose there is a betting -horseman alive who would not give large odds that the pacer will be the -first two-minute horse. - -“And in this connection another thing must be taken into consideration. -The pacer’s gait has itself been greatly improved in the last ten -years. He is no longer the rotary-motioned mud-flinger of old, whose -forefeet pawed the air in circles parallel with and above his ears, while -his hind feet described semicircles over the ground, but he is now a -smooth-gaited, straightforward, quick-actioned fellow, with plenty of -knee action in front and the stride of a bullfrog behind, and at his -highest speed it requires more than a glance for one to say whether -he is trotting or pacing. In other words, the pacer has come to be a -well-rounded, symmetrical and well-bred horse. His gait is the poetry of -harness motion, his courage is unquestioned and his staying qualities, -especially with the pacing-bred ones, of whom we are more familiar, are -equal to those of any horse that ever stretched his neck in the home -stretch. In view of these facts it doesn’t require even the grandson of a -prophet to predict he is destined to a still greater career on the light -harness race course. - -“We can only judge the future by the past and the present, and with that -in view from a study of the 2:20 list, which a most exclusive list in the -light harness race course, we are startled with the enviable position the -despised side-wheeler holds in that charmed circle this season. There can -be no sham in the 2:20 list. A horse must be able to trot or pace that -enters it. Up to November 15 there were, according to the statistics at -my command, 189 new 2:20 performers; and by new performers we mean horses -that had no record as good as 2:30 trotting or 2:25 pacing before the -opening of this season. Of these 189 new 2:20 performers we find that -the pacers constitute 128 of the number, while the trotters are credited -with sixty-one. This table includes but seven pacers that have lowered -their records from the 2:30 list last year to the 2:20 list this year, -and we use it to get at the number of green horses to enter this list, -and _from_ it we are able _to form_ a more correct idea of the material -coming fresh from both ranks. It cuts off such stars as Kremlin, Stamboul -and Nancy Hanks among trotters, as well as Hal Pointer, Mascot, Guy, -Direct and Storm among pacers. - -“But a still more exclusive list is the 2:15 class, and in order to -show your readers what has been accomplished by the new material from -the pacing ranks this year as compared with the same material from the -trotters, we publish that list in full, and in a spirit of generosity we -place the despised pacer on the left in the goat’s place. The fact that -it looks something like the last electoral college, with Cleveland on the -pacer’s side, need not lead any one to think we are at all partisan in -this matter. - -“New pacers with records of 2:15 or better: - - Flying Gib 2:05¾ - Jay-Eye-See 2:06¼ - W. Wood 2:07 - Robert J. 2:09¾ - San Pedro 2:10¾ - Wisconsin King 2:11 - Online 2 2:11 - Walnut Boy 2:11½ - Ella Brown 2:11¼ - Cleveland S 2:11¾ - Prima Donna 2:11¾ - Colbert 2:12¼ - Dandy O 2:12½ - Charley Ford 2:12½ - La Belle 2:12½ - John R. Gentry 2:12¾ - Gilileo Rex 2:12¾ - Expert Prince 2:13¼ - Fleetfoot 2:14 - Henry O 2:14 - Eclectic 2:14 - To Order, 2 2:14 - Rebus 2:14¼ - Clint Cliff 2:14½ - Joe Jett 2:14½ - Chris Smith 2:14½ - Lydia Wilkes 2:14½ - Diabolo 2:14¾ - Merry Chimes 2:14¾ - Nuthurst 2:14¾ - Bob 2:15 - Alhambra 2:15 - Blondine 2:15 - Wardell 2:15 - -“New trotters with records of 2:15 or better: - - Directum 2:11¼ - Muta Wilkes 2:14¼ - Azote 2:14½ - Hulda 2:14¾ - -“Total number of pacers not having a record of 2:30 or better in 1891, -but now having a record of 2:15 or better, thirty-four; total number -of trotters, four. Finally, when we consider the fact that a very much -larger number of trotters are trained, or attempted to be trained, than -pacers, these figures become still more expressive of the great future -possibilities lying within the pacer’s reach at a light harness race -horse.” - -What wonderful progress has been the pacer’s since the above was written! -If we were to attempt to publish the 2:15 list to-day, it would take the -next issue of the Monthly, there being now about five thousand, while the -2:10 list surpasses belief. Three of them have paced miles better than -two minutes, and such names as Star Pointer, Joe Patchen, John R. Gentry, -Direct, Robert J. and others have made the turf bright with glorious -deeds. Truly the pacer’s development surpasses even prophecy! - -(To be continued.) - - * * * * * - -The Past is Yesterday’s present. Remember it as you build to-day. - - - - -Do Farmers Think? - -By S. W. WARFIELD. - - -This pertinent question was suggested by a conversation between a young -farmer—a college graduate—and a young man who had just received his -diploma from one of the leading agricultural colleges of the country. -When questioned by the former as to what vocation he expected to follow, -the latter said: “I guess I’ll be a farmer, because farmers don’t have -to think.” Was the young man correct? After a day’s journey through the -country a very observant and thoughtful man will be forced to acknowledge -that a great many farmers do not seem to think. The amount of high-priced -machinery allowed to rust and ruin in the fields, the haphazard way in -which grain and hay is stacked, the utter indifference displayed in -plowing land and laying off rows, the disregard that is paid to the -washing away of the soil, soil that was thousands of years in forming, -the fertility of which depends upon the actions of the elements for -generations; a soil that, when once gone, is gone forever. We are forced -to admit that all farmers do not think. When we see farmers burning straw -stacks or filling gullies with manure, which will soon rot, float off and -carry all accumulated soil with it, we know in that particular they do -not think. For when a gully is stopped with manure, it is only a question -of time before it will have to be stopped again, and the next time the -task will be greater, for there will not be much adjoining soil with -which to stop it. - -When we see a farmer delving with his whole household from daybreak till -dark, denying his children the privilege of a common school education, -trusting to luck and brawn to carry them through life, we have another -illustration of a farmer who does not think. For if he would but think, -he would realize that his sons, after he was dead and gone, would prove -easy victims to the oily tongued sharper and his hard-earned dollars -would go soon to swell the coffers of another man’s son. - -A great many farmers do not think, and to them rightly belongs the -disrespectful epithets of “Reuben” and “Hay-seed.” - -Admitting the foregoing, we are glad to know that there are a great many -farmers who keep abreast the times, are thoughtful and studious men. - -With the vast area of fertile soil capable of producing vastly more of -any crop than is needed, which fact is almost every year proven, with -a herd of middlemen manipulating the crop reports and combining to put -and keep prices down; with this country a network of railroads, one -and all of them clamoring for freight to haul; with shrewd managers -to concoct the “rebate scheme” to counteract the “Interstate Commerce -Law” and “Railroad Commission,” put the farmer of any section in direct -competition with the whole country. When the above facts are considered, -it certainly behooves every farmer to “think” and study so that the -thinking will be on sure footing. - -No matter what the past has been, the day of haphazard farming for -success and competency is gone. Farming to-day is a scientific problem, -and a problem that requires all the thought that can be bestowed upon -it. Not a thought for to-day or to-morrow, but long-headed thought that -studies the supply and demand of the year ahead before planting largely -of any one crop or launching into any new enterprise. He must study the -supply and price before he can tell whether to hold wheat or longer feed -his cattle; must know the needs and study the rotation to get the best -results from each crop; must think to be able to properly harvest and -care for each crop as it matures; must think how best to become his own -financier, and not be controlled by any bank or supply merchant. He must -think to live on what he makes and make all that he needs. - -The life of a shrewd, thoughtful farmer is the most independent in the -world—a life that the followers of all trades and professions yearn -for, a life acquired only by thought. So, in answering the question, Do -farmers think? we’ll say, If they succeed, they do. - - - - -Nature Nuggets - -By H. ALISON WEBSTER. - - -The sexuality of plants has been known from the time of Camerarius, 1691; -and yet, what farmer looks to the strains of the seeds he plants? How -many farmers buy their seed corn in the ear? The fact that like begets -like should never be overlooked. - - * * * * * - -Nature’s secrets, to a great extent, have been revealed, but if the -practical man be not acquainted with the things revealed, to what avail -their revelations? Until teacher and practical farmer are congenial in -the full sense of the word, the power of the soil will remain unknown. - - * * * * * - -Plants drink and do not eat: therefore, Nature, although robbed by man -of many methods, and now needing man’s assistance, still provides means -of converting insoluble elements into drinkable or water-soluble foods. -All insoluble foods brought to the surface by plowing are decomposed by -freezes, frosts and snows, and are acted upon by carbonic acid, other -acids, oxygen and carbonate of lime. Again, if the soil be properly -conditioned rains will carry the acids, oxygen and lime down below the -surface to accomplish the same end. After the end is accomplished, the -soluble foods are brought back to the plants by capillary attraction. -Humus should be in the soil to hold the moisture or foods coming from -above and below. - - * * * * * - -System breeds success, neglected details, failure. - - * * * * * - -Farming needs brains as well as brawn; furthermore, it offers far greater -opportunities for brains than do the overcrowded professions of the -cities. - - * * * * * - -Buy for cash, and you will get more and need less. - - * * * * * - -We are known by our faults and judged by the errors we make. - -[Illustration] - - - - -Wouldst Thou Succeed? - - - Wouldst thou succeed? Then master each detail, - Hold them in hand as reinsmen hold their steeds, - Firmly, yet urge them on. Let no false needs - Slip up on right or left and make bewail. - Onward—drive them yet onward, and prevail - Ere Doubt shall sow her hesitating seeds - To flower in Failure rank or other breeds - Of Mishap, Chance and Ill-luck that assails. - - Wouldst thou succeed? Finish the work in hand - Nor dabble here and there while Time goes on - And naught is done—and one by one the sand - Of moment, turns to heaps of hours gone. - Finish—Finish—at the dawn of light - ’Twas stamped in stars across the perfect night. - - JOHN TROTWOOD MOORE. - -[Illustration] - - - - -Stories of the Soil - - The Little Things of Life, Happening All Over the World and - Caught in Ink for Trotwood’s Monthly. - - -War Babies. - -The most gigantic struggle of modern times was the American Civil War. -In no other country but this, with its breadth of conservativeness and -its dearth of caste, could the bitterness of such a war have been so -quickly forgotten. As it is in a few more decades, if the same spirit of -good feeling continues to prevail, and the fanatics be allowed to die a -natural death, it will be a question as to which side will have the most -respect for the brave men of the other. A striking feature of the great -war, to me, has always been the unanimity with which the entire country, -with the probable exception of the military leaders themselves, expected -the war to speedily terminate. In the South the enlisted men all feared -it would end before they had time to get into a rousing good battle, and -the same feeling appears to have existed among the Northern volunteers. - -As an illustration of this feeling in the South, in talking to an old -farmer the other day, and he a gallant cavalryman, who belonged to -Forrest’s immortal command, he laughingly remarked, that the greatest -number of colts he ever saw at one time was a certain Tennessee cavalry -regiment the first year after the war. “You see,” he said, “none of us -expected the war to last over three or six months, and never dreamed it -would go over a year. Nearly every man in our regiment went in on his pet -saddle mare or half thoroughbred, and fully two-thirds of us were horse -breeders, on a greater or less scale, while at home. But the war went on, -we were ordered here and there, hundreds of miles from home with plenty -of fighting and little else to think of. We were kept so busy that many -of us, in fact, had forgotten all about the spring breeding, and would -have been glad if it had forgotten about itself. But not so; the next -spring there came the colts—war babies, to be sure—dropped into a hard -world at a cruel and unmotherly time, and before we knew it our regiment -had more colts than we knew what to do with. I had to send my mare home -and get a fresh mount, and the others traded around, or left dam and -colt to shift for themselves in strange and foreign lands. I have often -wondered what became of that crop of colts, the first breeding venture of -our regiment.” - - -A Contest in the King’s English. - -There is a young darky downtown, at a livery stable, who has been priding -himself on his ability, as he expressed it, “ter fling English.” But he -takes no pride in it any more. Old Wash cured him, and it happened this -way: - -“Wheneber I goes down dar arter yo’ mare,” the old darky said, “dis heah -young niggah gins ter fling his English ’roun’ scan’lus. I tell you, -boss, I’m gittin’ tired ob dat, an’ I’m gwi’ teach ’im how ter talk -English sho’ nuff some day. I sw’ar to you, sah,” said the old man, as he -mopped his face with his red handkerchief, “It’s so hot I’ve mighty nigh -multerplied, an’ I’ve got de commissary rumertism, ter boot; but jes you -watch out fur me de naixt time dat nigger ’gins ter fling his jaw-bone -’roun’ whar I’m standin’—jes you watch me riddle ’im wid sintax an’ -orfrography an’ sich! Jes you watch!” - -For several days after that I noticed the old man studying an old Davies -Geometry and an obsolete work on synonyms, which I had sent to the attic -long ago—looking, as he expressed it, for “some good cuss-words to fit de -’casion.” But I had forgotten all about it until one evening I drove into -the stable with him. A sprightly young darky ran out, took the mare by -the bit, and patronizingly remarked: - -“Gentermen, condescen’ to disintergrate frum de vehicle, an’ de quadruped -shall hab my unqualified solicertashun, wid abundance ob nutrititious -ellerments.” And he smirked at the old man as much as to say: “Don’t dat -parlyze you, old man?” - -“Hold on dar,” exclaimed Old Wash, and his eyes flashed as he rose -quickly to the occasion: “Sonny,” he began witheringly, “it is -transparent to de interlactual apprehension ob eny disinterested -individual dat de gravertashun of special conceits described on de -hypotonuse of your simeon-headed eclipse, am entirely too cumbershum fur -de horizontal vinculum dat circumscribes de radius ob yo’ cocoanut-shaped -trapezium, sah!” - -“Wha—wha—what dat you say, Unker Wash?” gasped the young darky as his jaw -began to drop. - -“I merely riz ter interjec’ de mental reservashun,” remarked the old man -indifferently, “dat de interlectual hemmerage of verbosity procedin’ from -de vacuum produced by de metermorphosis ob de origonal superstructure -of de san’-stones ob yo’ cranium, am entirely incumpatabul wid de -consterpastion of ideas generated by de paralysis ob yo’ interlectual -acumen, sah!” - -“Gord, what is he sayin’?” remarked the young negro sheepishly to the -crowd that had gathered to enjoy his discomfiture. - -“In udder words,” shot out the old man again, “ter make hit entirely -incomprehensibul to de conglommerated hypothesis ob yo’ trapezoidal -interlec’, I simply remarked dat de corporeal superfluerty ob yo’ -physical insigniferkance am entirely too cumbersome fur de belly-band ob -yo’ mental confermashun, sah!” - -Here the crowd shouted, the young darky’s eyes looked like moons, his -legs shook, and he gasped out: “Wha—wha—what dat old man talkin’ ’bout, -man?” - -“How long since this nigger wus cotch in the jungles of Africa,” -asked Old Wash quietly of the proprietor of the stable, “dat he can’t -understan’ de simples’ remark in de plaines’ of English?” - -And then the old man tried again. He rolled up his sleeves, and with the -air of one who was trying to make himself exceedingly plain he began -laying it off on his fingers and palm: - -“Sonny, de equilateral altertude of de comprehenserbility ob my former -observations wus to de effect dat, if in de course of a cummercial -transacshun, I shu’d onexpectedly negotiate fur yo’ habeas-corporosity -at its intrinsic invalidity an’ quickly dispose of it at de exaggerated -hifolutiness of yo’ own colossal conceitability an’ hipnartic expectashun -I’d have sufficient commercial collateral to transpose my present -habitation to de perennial localization of de avenue called Easy.” - -By this time the young darky was fairly groveling in the dust. - -“Do yo’ comprehen’ dat,” yelled the old man, “yo’ po’ benighted -parallelergram, distended from de apex of a truncated coon (cone), yo’ -bow-legged son of a parallelopipedon—” - -But the old man got no further with his geometrical swearing, for -amid the shouts of the spectators his opponent had vanished, and -as he went up the street to have the old man arrested for swearing -in public, he remarked to the policeman as he told his tale: “I -didn’t keer, Cap’n, ’bout ’im outgineralin’ me er flingin’ English, -an’ outcussin’ me in mo’ kinder newfangled cuss words den eber cum -out ob Turkey, but when he ’flected on my mother by callin’ me de -bow-legged-son-ob-a-parrot-an-er-pigeon-roost, de nigger don’t lib dat I -gwi’ take dat frum!” - -It was a week later before Old Wash and I had occasion to drive into the -stable again. We were met by the same darky, who took the mare by the bit -and meekly remarked: “Light, gentlemen; I’ll take de mair.” - -And the old man said: “I am so excruciatinly rejoiced, sonny, to -recognize de rejuvernated resurrection ob de exhileratin’ perception -dat an infinertesermal ray ob common sense has penertrated de comatose -condition ob yo’ fibrous misunderstanding’. In other words,” he winked, -“I’se saved an ebononic interlec frum er new-bohn grave.” - - -“The Little Girl.” - -Pioneer days in Texas, and the prairies unbroken by the smoke of a single -cabin. To the south the Brazos, and to the west the buffalo lands, the -herds crawling in the distance, like huge mud-waves on land, toward their -fall feeding grounds. - -There had been raids by the Comanches, then hot fighting with the troops -and every settler west of the Brazos had run into the fort, each with his -family, his man-servant and maid-servant, each with his cattle and his -asses. For the Comanches are wily devils and born horsemen. One day they -are here, and the next they are not. And they go on ponies that are as -tough as their riders, and as fast and as fearless, and no man knows when -and where they will strike. - -Three full companies of troops had gone north on the track of the -desperate band who, but a few days before, had surprised the settlers -on the upper Brazos and, after killing and scalping and plundering, had -fled, as the troops thought, northward. The stricken settlers had been -coming in for two days, all plundered, tired, many wounded and some still -sobbing with the grief that would never die. - -There were little children—motherless, fatherless. There were mothers and -fathers who but a day before held loving ones in their arms. - -Troop H, 7th Regiment, was holding the fort while the other companies -went north to avenge. - -The First Lieutenant of Troop H was a beardless youth just from West -Point. He had been shot out of West Point into the saddle and to the -front. Two months of it had bronzed him and added two years to his looks; -but sentiment was still in him and Romance claimed his for her own. He -had had enough fighting for any ordinary trooper, but to-day he felt sad -that three companies had gone north after the marauders and he—he held -the peaceful fort. - -The sun was setting across the great plains and shadows had lengthened to -their uttermost when a man on a cow-pony galloped in, not from the north, -but from the west. - -His pony was reeling at the first gate. It was dead in the fort ten -minutes later. The man himself carried two Comanche arrows sticking -through a shoulder and an arm. A gash was in his head from a glancing -arrow and blood ran from another that had cut across his forehead. - -He was unconscious before the surgeon could extract the arrows from his -body, but he said enough. The Comanches were not north, but west—they -had attacked him in his little squatter cabin forty miles west—they had -killed all his stock but one pony—he had no family but a little girl—he -had escaped on the pony. “An’ the little gal—God knows—I seed her cut -for a dug-out in the side of a hill—a kind of a cellar—where I kept -pertatoes an’ sich—then—wal—” - -He went to sleep. - -“Let him sleep,” said the surgeon, “he is nearly gone as it is—forty -miles and blood leakin’ out of him every jump of the pony.” - -Ten minutes later the bugler called “boots and saddles,” and when Company -H wheeled in the fort’s square, the Captain said: - -“Well, men, the boys are on a cold trail. You have heard where the devils -are; we can’t all go. Half of us must stay behind to hold the fort. I’ll -be fair to all, for I know you all want to go, so count by twos.” - -“One,” - -“Two.” - -“One,” - -“Two.” - -It went down the line, one hundred strong. - -“Numbers Two, ten paces forward, march!” - -There was a happy smile on Numbers Two as they spurred forward—they knew -what it meant. They were lucky. - -“Now, boys, you know I want to lead you,” went on the Captain, “but it -isn’t fair. I must take my chances, too, and tote fair with the First -Lieutenant. Lieutenant Troup will toss up with me,” he said with a laugh -as he tossed a coin from his saddle into the air. It flashed high up in -the sunlight. - -“Heads for me, Lieutenant, and here’s wishing you—” - -“Tails!” said the soldier who picked it up. - -The Lieutenant flushed as he spurred forward saluting. Then men cheered -again and the Captain wheeled, saying: - -“Take them out, Lieutenant Troup—it’s your luck, and maybe—ah, well, you -can’t tell how many there are, you know, and half a company is mighty few -after sending out three troops. Leave your trinkets, men, and any message -you may wish to send home. Yes, it’s a nasty bit of a fight you’ll be -having, likely, and I wish it had been my luck to be in it. I have been -in service a little longer, you know, perhaps the Lieutenant might—” - -But the Lieutenant only smiled and saluted again. - -“I’ll do my best, Captain—war is on and it’s my time, you know.” - -The Captain pressed his hand as the Company filed out of the fort. - -And all the time the Lieutenant kept thinking of the half-dead man who -kept saying even in his delirium: “An’ my little gal—God knows—I seed her -cut for a dug-out—” - -The Lieutenant was young—very young—and he was romantic. He could see the -little girl—of course she was about sixteen—all settlers called their -grown girls little. Perhaps—well—if she hadn’t been killed— - -The troup wanted to gallop, but the Lieutenant brought them to a steady -trot: - -“It’s all right, men, and ten miles an hour is fast enough. We may need -our horses for all that’s in them. We’ll be there by midnight as it is.” - -The moon arose and drifted higher and higher and still the troopers -struck grimly across the plain. The wind brought the howl of wolves—big -greys—and the yelp of coyotes, but the troopers turned neither to the -right nor left, and the Lieutenant rode at their head, and all the time -he was wondering what had become of the pretty girl—helpless—alone. “An’ -my little gal—God knows—I seed her cut for a dug-out!” - -It was the first streak of day. The men and horses had been resting for -four hours—those not on picket, and some had even slept and were fresh. -But the young officer could think of nothing but the little girl, and -wonder at her fate. - -They had lined in behind a few willows that skirted a small stream and -were concealed from the view of the Indians. Then they looked well to -rifles and Colts. The light came slowly and as they peered through the -mist where the cabin stood only a burnt place blurred the dry grass of -the prairie. There were no Indians in sight. - -“Thar—look!” - -It was an old Indian fighter whose keen eyes saw it first—a thing which -looked like a potato-house butting out of a clay bank. - -“Thar’s life in thar—see—it’s the little gal, an’ she’s alive yit—see!” - -From the protection of small rises on the right three Comanches galloped -out encircling the dug-out in a very generous circle. They had slipped on -the off-side of their ponies and clung to mane and neck, with one leg and -heel thrust over the flank. - -The old fighter snarled: “The cowardly coyotes! They seem ter be mighty -skeered of a little gal. Say, but they’ve got a whole lot o’ respect for -her; she must have a weep’n o’ some sort in thar an’ tort ’em a crackin’ -less’n with it, or them dogs ’ud et her up befo’ now; why—thar, by gad—” - -He gripped the Lieutenant’s shoulder as a puff of smoke leaped out of the -clay bank and the foremost pony stopped so quickly that it went down, -Comanche under. - -“She’s killed that Indian sho’,” cried the old hunter in a whisper. “No -live Comanche was ever cocht under a fallin’ pony. See.” - -The pony sprang quickly up—the bullet had creased him; but marvelous the -shot!—it had gone to the exact spot where it would bring down a pony -creased and a rider with a hole through his head. - -“That’s shootin’ some,” cried the old hunter as the young officer gave -the quick commands: - -“Ready!” - -“Mount!” - -“Charge!” - -“An’ remember the little gal!” they shouted as they broke across the -plains. - -It was a running fight and the Indians taken by surprise, for they were -after the thing in the dug-out. And they paid for it—sixteen dead ones -in the first half mile. The others—they had enough to get away from the -forty troopers who shot as they rode and shot to kill. - -Then the Lieutenant and ten men rode back to the dug-out. They approached -it slowly—reverently, and all the time the young officer was thinking of -dark eyes and auburn curls and the beauty and bravery of the little girl. - -“Hello!” he shouted, his voice trembled in spite of himself. -“Hello!—we’re your friends.” - -“Hello, yo’self—mighty glad to see you.” - -“It’s the little girl, men,” shouted the Lieutenant, boyishly, as he -rushed up. “She’s safe! hurrah!” and they gave it with a ring. - -At the door he stopped short and looked into the hole under the -potato-house. - -Then his romance went out as the tide to the sea. - -A woman at least thirty-five stood there. Her hair was red, her features -hard, her face burned by the sun. Grim, square jaws set off her face. -There was a line only to show where her lips met in deadly determination. -She wore moccasins and leggins, a short skirt of deer skin and she held -in her hand a rifle that had sent a dozen Indians to death in the twelve -long hours she had held the little fort. Stuck in her belt were two good -pistols. A thousand Comanches with arrows and antiquated guns could not -have taken her. - -“Oh!” she said, “but I’m glad to see you. Say, but I stood ’em off all -right, didn’t I? It was awful—’specially last night, but the moon riz -an’ saved me, for a Comanche with an arrow or a old gun is kinder techus -’bout a rifle. Is Pap safe?” - -They told her he was. - -“I tried to git the old fool to stay. I told him all hell couldn’t git us -out o’ this hole, armed as we wus, lessen they come with bilin’ water,” -she laughed, “but he got panicky an’ vamoosed on the only pony left. Dad -allers was a gal.” - -“Good gad,” cried the old hunter bluntly at last, “an’ is you the little -gal he kip talkin’ ’bout?” - -“Oh, he allers called me that,” she smiled. - -“Well, you’re the gamest little gal I ever seed,” and he wrung her hand -while the others followed suit. “An’ you’re our little gal now,” went -on the old hunter, proudly, “an’ as I ain’t seed one like you since -mine died years ago, I’d—I’d—I’d lak to kiss you jes onct for her,” he -stammered. - -“Oh, you shet up,” she said hotly. “D’ye think I stood off a lot o’ -Comanches all night to be rewarded by kissin’ a old grizzly like you? But -say,” she added, hesitating, and with a laugh, “I wouldn’t mind kissin’ -that pretty little boy thar!” - -There was a wild shout from the men, but the young Lieutenant had turned -to mount his horse. - -“Any way you belong to Company H,” said the old hunter. - - -A Preface. - -At the request of the ladies of a church in Marion, Alabama, Trotwood -wrote the following Preface, a few weeks ago for a cook-book which the -ladies are publishing with a view of paying off a church debt: - -The climate, the soil, the very air play their part in the art of good -recipes. The cooking of the North and West is very different from that -of the South, for Southern recipes are the products of sunshine and -Southlands, of culture, of rest, of the Old South. - -And nowhere has the Old South flowered to sweeter perfume than in my -native town of Marion. Macaulay’s New Zealander, if placed in Delmonico’s -would straightway beckon for cold clam, and good King Edward, if stranded -in New Zealand, would soon fish an oyster cocktail out of some unruffled -kiss of the sea. - -Recipes, indeed, are a test of one’s civilization—one’s religion—one’s -mentality. They are the products of the centuries beginning with the -primitive clam and ending with the thousand glories of the oyster. They -are the literature of the laughter which comes with good eating, the -bon mots of jolly stomachs, the sparkle of centuries of good cheer, the -morals of mucous membranes, the religion of healthy livers. - -Charles Lamb tells us that roast pig, for instance, was accidentally -discovered by the primitive man in the burning of his crude stable in -which was a litter of pigs. After that, fires were frequent and log -stables few. And I doubt not if the history of every good recipe in this -splendid collection were traced to its birth, it would show an unbroken -line of progress as clearly defined as Magna Charta. - -Think not lightly, then, of the book, for you have in your hand the -concentrated perfection of the culinary ages. The dash of Caesar into -Briton, the strength of the Dane, the brilliancy of the Norman, the -excellency of Angle and Saxon, the glory of the English and the old -Scotch. It is history, religion, progress. It is a novel more interesting -than all novels, a poem which made Tennyson possible. - -I have not read these recipes. I speak from higher authority. I have -tasted them. From my infancy up I have known them. They are part of my -life and this article returned to them is a feeble result of their cause. -They are interwoven with the memory of my home, in the song of the pine -tree, in the opal gleam of the old red hills, in the sweetness, the -culture, the religion of Marion. And to-night, should Abou Ben Adhem’s -Angel come to me and ask for the name of one blessed beyond his dues, I -would answer: “It is I, O Angel, blessed beyond words in the mother I -had, in the father; blessed in my birthplace, in the people among whom I -grew up, in the moral sweetness of their schools and churches, blessed -that I was born in - - MARION. - - An opal sky and a sea of green, - Marion. - And ruby-red the hills between, - Marion. - Twilight tints that blend and shine - Through sinking clouds and sighing pine— - Dear native land—sweet mother mine— - Marion. - - Rest and peace and sweet release, - Marion. - Home and the loves that never cease, - Marion. - O, cradling stars from out the glen— - O, sweet moon-mother, come again— - O, Peace that passeth human ken— - Marion. - - - - -The Tennessee Jersey - -BY W. J. WEBSTER. - - NOTE.—Mr. W. J. Webster developed two of the three greatest - cows of the world to championship honors, and has made more - great churn tests than, perhaps, any other living man. His - experience is of the practical kind.—Ed. - - -This has become a well-known name among Jersey cattle breeders of the -United States and frequently used in advertising strains of blood by the -various owners. This is easily accounted for by the high stand taken by -Jersey cows owned, developed and bred in Tennessee. Many years ago the -pioneer breeders of this favorite dairy breed of cattle, Major Campbell -Brown, Judge Thos. H. Malone, M. C. Campbell, M. M. Gardner, and the -writer of this article, W. J. Webster, built their herds on a very solid -foundation: - -First—Constitution and ability to stand long continued high feed. - -Second—Richness of milk as well as quantity, but with the goal always -centered on production of butter as ascertained by actual test, without -any instrument, calculation or guess work. The churn was adopted as a -test system. - -Third—Beauty, symmetry and general conformity. We early in our course of -breeding determined that beauty of cattle should not be ignored, but was -an element certainly in the sale. Therefore, Tennessee Jerseys were bred -for all these qualities claimed and I do not think that anywhere in the -United States a more uniform or more beautiful set of animals could be -found. - -The Middle Basin of Tennessee is especially adapted to the breeding, -rearing and developing of this cow. We have here the elements of the soil -entering into the blood of the animal which I think develops them more -highly than in any other portion of the United States. We have lime rock -and bone phosphate of lime entering into the water they drink, and the -bluegrass and other grasses that they eat, corn, oats and hay consumed -by them, and also mingled with enough iron so that the very highest -opportunities are available for their growth. This thought applies not -alone to the Jersey cow but to the whole animal kingdom as evidenced by -the fact that some of the finest race horses in the world, either running -or pacing horses, have been developed in this Middle Basin of Tennessee. -In point of climate we are exceptionally well located, all things -considered, about the same as the Isle of Jersey, the original home of -the Jersey cow. No wonder then that with the additional advantages of our -soil mentioned above the Jersey has developed wonderfully in Tennessee. - -The question is sometimes asked why prices have declined the last twelve -or fifteen years. My reply is that prices have not declined all over the -United States, but that the old breeders have dropped out in Tennessee -and that there are now very few breeders in Tennessee paying any -attention to the development of the Jersey cow. Recently Messrs. Overton -and Gardner, of Nashville, have begun to pay more attention to it and I -predict that if this is continued the prices will again rise for they -have not fallen in New York and other centers, but the present year sales -are higher than they have ever been at auction, as shown by the general -average at the Cooper sale of over six hundred dollars per head, a single -animal bringing ten thousand dollars and that in a sale of over a hundred -animals. So it is not a declining in the prices of the breed cattle but -simply a lack of driving their interests in Tennessee. - -The system of testing Jerseys and knowing exactly what they were capable -of doing did more to develop them than anything else. The American is -always an eminently practical man and wants to know what he is doing -instead of guessing. The Tennessee breeders inaugurated this test system, -Messrs. Campbell Brown, Thos. H. Malone, M. M. Gardner and W. J. Webster -having edited the first compilation of test in the United States as a -venture of their own and at their own risk and expense; then turned it -over to the Club of American Jersey Cattle Breeders, and the work has -been continued by the club since that time. Prior to this time tests were -reported to newspapers and frequently tests were claimed for ancestors -of cattle that subsequent research showed were either tests for one day -multiplied by seven, making it an estimate test, or in some instances -that they did not exist at all. It therefore required a large amount -of labor to run down by correspondence all this and procure from their -owners the actual tests, and these were published with the tabulated -pedigree of the cow. This work caused a boom in the Jersey family shown -to be prominent, and this has continued all along where they were pushed -and developed. Tennessee breeders were fortunate in having laid well -their foundation as it was based on such cows as Landseer’s Fancy, Oonan, -Duchess of Bloomfield, Beeswax, Kate Gordon and other prominent and -beautiful cows and it so happened that the cows named possessed all the -requisites, constitution, richness and beauty, and no money was spared -in heading the herd with such animals as Imported Tormentor, Signalda, -Ida’s Stoke Pogis, Gold Basis, Southern Prince and other noted animals -too numerous to mention. From these came what is known as the Tennessee -Jerseys, possessing constitution, richness and beauty. As proof of -the wonderful development of these cows any person who desires to be -informed has only to consult the test books in charge of the American -Jersey Cattle Club to find that the richest cattle ever bred, owned and -developed were in Tennessee: Bisson’s Belle with the yearly test of 1,028 -pounds and fifteen ounces, that held the champion cup, was developed in -Tennessee; Landseer’s Fancy tested 936 pounds fourteen and three-quarter -ounces in one year, was developed in Tennessee and held the cup. She and -her descendants are known for their extreme richness: so marvelously rich -that they were compelled to demonstrate their ability to make this test -again and again, a number of times by official tests, by disinterested -committees and verified by chemical analysis. - -I could not in this article undertake to give a list of Jersey cows from -Tennessee in the honor roll, but only mention a few of the prominent -ones: Ethleel the Second, 30 pounds 15 ounces at two and one-half years -old; Landseer’s Fancy, 29 pounds one-half ounce; Bisson’s Belle, 28 -pounds 10 ounces; Toltec’s Fancy, 27 pounds 5½ ounces—this cow was -officially tested by the Alabama experiment station and Major Campbell -Brown, and her milk analyzed at Vanderbilt University confirms the test -showing butter fat 16.32 per cent, equivalent to one pound of butter -to 4.79 of milk; Oonan, 22 pounds 2½ ounces; Duchess of Bloomfield, 20 -pounds one-half ounce; Cherokee Rose, 23 pounds 10 ounces. And I might -continue even from memory, as this article is dictated from memory (no -records being before me), and give a long list. But for the purposes of -this article it would be useless and simply a compilation that the people -would not read, so I only call attention to the fact that the champion -cup, a large silver urn costing five hundred dollars, was held only four -times in all; twice in Tennessee against the whole United States. But to -prove that the Tennessee Jersey has life in any other hands, scattered -far and wide over the United States we have only to look at the work of -the last great test at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition at St. Louis to -show what their descendants have done. - -[Illustration: BISSON’S BELLE.] - -The American Jersey Cattle Club has published a pamphlet giving the work -of the Jersey team of twenty-five selected from all over the United -States under a committee appointed by the American Jersey Cattle Club -which showed no favoritism, but the cows were judged for entrance into -this team by preliminary tests at St. Louis and then the team selected -by a committee. It ought to be very gratifying to the old breeders in -Tennessee to analyze this pamphlet and find that the cattle bred, owned -and developed in Tennessee have, through their descendants, put their -mark on thirteen of the twenty-five. It certainly is very pleasant to the -writer of this to find that Tormentor, owned by Major Campbell Brown, -placed his mark on twelve of the twenty-five; Landseer’s Fancy, owned by -the writer, on seven; Oonan, six; Toltec’s Fancy, four. Only one other -cow in the United States, of co-temporaneous age, competes with them with -six, this cow Erotas. - -It is also to be noted that No. 1 of the team of twenty-five champion -over own team, the champion cow of all breeds at the World’s Fair, is -a descendant from cattle owned, bred and developed by old Tennessee -breeders. I do not mean, of course, that she is composed entirely of this -blood, but she takes her line directly back from Chemical Test bred in -Tennessee, son of Toltec’s Fancy, that in turn was daughter of Landseer’s -Fancy. So carrying the blood of Tormentor, Landseer’s Fancy and Oonan. - -Then permit an old breeder to make the suggestion that what has been -done once could be done now even to greater advantage if taken up and -the proper amount of energy, zeal and intelligence bestowed upon it. -Prices would again revive and Jersey interests in Tennessee would again -develop. Why should young breeders of the country neglect the natural -advantages we have, backed by experience and the development of the -breed already accomplished? I think if there ever was a time that is -exceedingly favorable for this industry it is now. - -Commencing with Landseer’s Fancy, then giving about thirty pounds of -milk per day, which made under test 14 pounds 6 ounces in one week, I -fed and developed her through a long series of years, using more and -more concentrated food and less bran, until in the end she was capable -of digesting two gallons at a feed, equal parts corn and oats, with -one-half gallon of bran (pure wheat bran), and when making her maximum -amount of butter—29 pounds one-half ounce—was giving only from twenty -to twenty-three pounds of milk per day, and subsequently went as low as -seventeen or eighteen pounds of milk per day, holding her own with regard -to the butter. So it will be seen that from the commencement she lost in -quantity of milk, but under such feed gained in butter. Her milk was so -remarkably rich as also her daughter, Toltec’s Fancy’s milk, that, for a -long time having the test questioned notwithstanding the fact that she -had always proven by repeated official tests all claims made for her, -finally resorted to glass jars made of heavy glassware wherein her whole -milk was placed after each milking and placed under seal as usual in -official tests so that when lifted from the water the line of cream and -milk would be seen, and it was demonstrated that it was almost entirely -cream, being about three-fourths to seven-eighths cream. This cow was -exceptional, or I might say, her whole family was exceptional in such -remarkable rich production. But she handed down to her descendants the -same tendency to richness in other hands long years afterwards. She has -two sons with over seventy daughters in the honor roll of the Jerseys, -and five daughters all in the fourteen-pound class and upwards, and it -would be hard to give a list of her descendants in the fourteen-pound -class. I should say something over two hundred. This cow, with others -handled by me, was fed according to the capacity of each cow to digest -the corn and oats ground together, with grass, hay and running water -at will. On this point I cannot too strongly emphasize the fact that -Tennessee is better located and supplied with running water than any -place I have ever seen. With all the bluegrass and other facilities of -Kentucky, Ohio, Illinois and Indiana, they lack running water for the -cows to drink and the running water to set the milk in. - -I have tried every known experiment in raising the cream on the milk -for the best results, but in all I have ever tried I have never found -anything equal to the stone spring-house with wire gauze over the windows -to keep out all insects, ceiled overhead with plank (not plastered), -and set the milk in jars, either stone or glass, when first drawn from -the cow warm, in the water about 56 to 59 degrees temperature. The -temperature of the milk soon becomes the same temperature as the water -and remains stationary until all the cream is raised in the milk. The -current of water keeps the air in the spring-house fresh and clean and -every facility is given for the production of butter. - -In building the various spring-houses that I used on the different farms -at different times, I always used what is known as the test-room, about -six feet wide across the entire spring-house, a wall of brick or stone -cemented inside and out, with only one door and window in the same, both -of which could be placed under seal by any committee called to test the -cattle at any time, or used by myself and manager in making private -tests, so that the milk of the cow under test could be kept absolutely -untampered with by any person. And the tests made by me were made in this -way and verified by various committees and also by chemical analysis. So -that when I went out of breeding Jerseys I know that I had more official -tests than any Jersey breeder, and probably at one time as much as all -combined. - -I believe in the theory that especial families of Jerseys are capable of -being fed so as to grow richer after long continued feed. Some will not. -There is a limit that will be found in nearly all of them. - -In testing cattle it was always my purpose to ascertain the maximum of -food capable of being digested by any cow under test, and fall slightly -below this quantity of feed so as to keep her appetite always whetted. - -Another point was that she be fed regularly and preferably, not over -twice a day with concentrated foods, and thus giving the stomach all the -time to do its work. I have seen many a test disturbed by feeding only a -small amount of grain at the dinner time out of order. It disturbs the -entire digesting of the animals and will probably throw them off a day or -two. When undisturbed, the same cow will come up at night and take her -regular feed and not be disturbed in her test at all. It may be thought -that this is going into detail too much, but small details sometimes have -wonderful influence in handling any animal. A horse may be just on edge -for a race and some small circumstance occur that disturbs it. So with -the wonderful mechanism of the cow making her four pounds of butter per -day, she must be handled very carefully. - -But it may be said, what profit is there in all this? My reply is that if -Landseer’s Fancy had not been tested as she was and thoroughly developed -her descendants might have passed unnoticed and we would have been none -the wiser as to the capabilities of this family. I have taken her as an -instance because more familiar with her history than others, and because -she was the hub around which the herd revolved. I paid $175 for her, -and, on calculation of her descendants owned by me and sold to others, -she realized nearly $30,000 without any calculation as to her milk and -butter. She entered into and formed the web and woof of what was known -as The Columbia Jersey Cattle Company’s herd. She was sold subsequently -when that corporation was wound up to Messrs. Webster and Morrow and -entered the great herd at Nashville. - -This Columbia Jersey Cattle Company organized with a capital stock of -$20,000, paid a dividend of 14 per cent or over per annum, and the stock -was retired at par with all debts paid; one of the most successful of -all Jersey cattle enterprises I was ever in. I think the last year, with -about thirty working cows and the dairy receipts of thirty-six hundred -dollars and over and the sales of calves and cattle from the herd, with -the herd products and heifers added, was something over ten thousand -dollars. - -It was then located at Indian Camp Springs, about three miles from -Columbia and an ideal place for a spring-house, the spring being about -fifty nine feet above the spring-house and coming to the spring-house -through a four inch pipe, but the water had to be cut off so that it -would run slowly into the spring-house, and when we wanted to work the -butter in the churn it would be turned on into the hose and the butter -thoroughly washed. - -Young breeders cannot adopt a better formula for feed than the one I have -suggested, which is cheap also in the long run, for it is a farm product -and it is not necessary to buy on the market, but it can be produced on -the farm. Besides this, no cow will stand commercial feed as she will -this corn and oats in equal parts. It is nearer suited to nature and -she can stand this feed longer without injury than any commercial food. -When I say corn and oats in equal parts I mean bushel for bushel mixed -and ground together. If any one will think a minute there is nothing -deleterious in this food. You can get it absolutely pure, whereas if you -go to market to buy bran to feed the cattle on you do not know what you -are getting, sometimes the sweeping of the mill floor and any old waste -the miller is pleased to throw off. The Jersey breeder ought essentially -to be a farmer and raise on his own farm what his herd consumes and thus -market the products of the farm. - - - - -In The Open - - (Note.—Under this head communications are invited from - the open—of gun, dog and rod—stories of hunting, fishing, - traveling, etc.—Ed.) - - -A PRAIRIE CHICKEN HUNT IN NORTH DAKOTA. - -By Trotwood. - -Every citizen of this great republic should travel over his own country. -He will be amazed at its greatness, and his prejudices and local -conceits, if he have any breadth at all, will grow fewer the further he -goes, and learns that the world cares nothing for the petty environments -and embroilments of his own bailiwick. - -The most attractive country in the Northwest is the great prairies of -the Dakotas. I thought I had some idea of their immensity, of their -greatness, until for one solid day and night I raced across them by fast -express, and saw by day the pillar of their cloud of smokestacks—for it -was harvest time—on each side, as far as the boundless horizon, and each -cloud a thresher from whose funnel poured the wheat of the nation. - -There is something in mere land to me—any kind of land—soil, you may call -it—dirt—I care not what. But I love it just as I hate brick walls and -city pavements. There is something about it, from the rocks and hills to -the level, plowed valleys, that is clean and good. It means independence -and honesty and clean living. It may not mean shrewdness and polish and -that smart education which comes from living by one’s wits in a great -walled-in home of wits, but it means independence and the rest that made -Shakespeare. - -When I saw the Dakotas, I wondered how the white man had stayed away -from them as long as he had. Perhaps it were better for the staying, -starving, striving quality of our forefathers that this grand garden -spot of the Northwest lay hid between the mountains and the sea, instead -of stretching up and down the coast. It were better for their children -that fathers should toil in sand and flint. It puts flint into the -children—steel—gameness—the spirit to do. - -One generation of striving poverty makes flint; two, steel; three, well, -you have heard of Andrew Jackson, of Lincoln, perhaps. Study the poverty -of their pedigrees, for it takes poverty to make a pedigree. - -The first immigrants to our shores came solely for gold, it is said. What -kind of a republic would we have to-day if they had landed on the Pacific -slope of gold instead of the Atlantic slope of rocks? - -And yet, America is run over with people to-day who think that gold is -everything. They think it so hard that the land is filled with trusts -and steals and the things which breed greed and guilt. They should -learn—they must learn—that, as the making of money is the lowest of all -human talents—the talent of self first, which is the lowest instinct of -all life—so is its talent for getting the lowest, meanest of all talents. -“All my life,” says Edison, “I have been trying to keep away from mean -people who make money.” - -Fargo I found to be a beautiful and prosperous city, and the soil of the -country around it, as it had been for two hundred miles, truly a glory -and an inspiration. If this land had the climate of the South it could -feed the world. As it is, Nature, who adjusts herself to environments, -acts quickly here, and I was surprised at the stories of its -productiveness in the short season it had. Nay, mine own eye beheld it, -for never had I seen such wheat, barley and small grain, such cabbage, -beets, turnips, vegetables of all kinds. - -There was a greatness and vastness everywhere. As far as the eye could -see, even beyond the rim of the horizon, it was vast—vast. And that -always affects me peculiarly. After I have seen as far as the eye will -reach, I become homesick. I have a sacred, sad longing to see and go -farther and uplift the veil. - -I rejoiced in the fact that there were no trees, no high hills, nothing -to break the great canvas of vastness—a bivouac of eternity dotted with -millions of camps of wheat shocks, fringed with the splendor of a vast, -pure sky, and framed in the purpling splendor of a horizon of blue and -gold. The little ten acre lots of dwarf trees the Government has forced -the settlers to plant, I liked them not. They were warts, merely, on the -brow of Eternity. The great, rich, boundless, beautiful prairies were -there as God had Intended them to be—Nature’s handiwork, with splendid -harmony in its whole. - -No picture ever painted has equalled it—for Nature never makes a mistake -in her pictures. She never sticks a bunch of dwarf trees where the great, -grand prairies should roll away. - -There is but little difference between the Dakota prairies and the ocean. -The difference is that only between the imagination and the fact. And -looking over them, standing in them, seeing the ceaseless waves rippling -across the seas of wheat or the white caps come spinning from the -uplifted heads of them, again and again I caught myself repeating Byron’s -lines: - - “Thou glorious mirror, where the Almighty’s form - Glasses itself in tempests, in all time, - Calm or convulsed, in breeze or gale or storm, - Icing the pole, or in the torrid clime - Dark heaving;—boundless, endless and sublime— - The image of Eternity—the throne - Of the Invisible; even from out thy slime - The monsters of the deep are made; each zone - Obeys thee; thou goest forth, dread fathomless, alone.” - -Lisbon is a beautiful little town, and one comes upon it so suddenly it -is a surprise. For hours nothing but the grand, great prairies, billowed -in wheat waves, smoke-plumed with thresher stacks. Then down you go into -a beautiful valley—the valley of the Cheyenne, and nestling on its banks -clean, church-spired, sits this up-to-date town. - -I landed in good luck there, for I had anticipated the pleasure of -meeting old friends and relatives—a cousin whom my mother had reared and -who to me had always been a sister—but I had the additional good luck -to fall into the hands of Mr. Geo. W. Ferguson, the county treasurer, -and the owner of Raymond S. by Montevideo, the handsomest young trotting -sire it has been my good fortune to see in any State. And I found the -blooded stock interest alive and growing in all that section, and surely -no place under the skies has a better license to rear them. In the hands -of Mr. Ferguson and Mr. W. B. Stone, the county game-warden, I realized -one of the dreams of my life—a prairie chicken shoot. If you have never -indulged in one, go a thousand miles to Dakota—and every year will find -you wanting to go again. It was a bright, crisp morning in September, and -Mr. Stone’s beautiful setter bitch was good and fit. I had been out early -to see some threshers at work in the wheat, and a little shower coming up -I had gotten wet. This in the South would have meant two hours’ dampness, -and a cold, but imagine my surprise, in a short while, to find the ground -dry and myself with it, very dry! In the rarefied air of this great -country I do not believe one can get wet unless he is foolish enough to -drink water. - -Mr. Ferguson met me later with his surrey and two spanking red-sorrel -trotting mares, as well bred as Raymond S, and away we went across the -prairie after the chickens. The ride itself was pleasure enough—forever -going through that beautiful black loam, as tempting to the eye of the -man who loves the soil as a cobwebbed bottle or a fat capon to the -stomach of a priest. For it was bespangled with red berries, ripe heads -of flax, golden stubbles of wheat and oats and barley, red grasses finer -than ever bluegrass grows to be and richer than all tame blades. - -My first covey is pictured forever in my mind. The bitch came to a -staunch stand near a low, marshy place, where the grass was blue green -and studded with fall flowers. On all sides were shocks of wheat, and -away in the distance the interminable smokestacks of busy threshers. I -walked up and took it all in—I stamped the picture forever on my mind. I -wanted it there that I might always see it—the very clouds, the distant -horizon, the golden stubble-blades, the very silence that hangs like a -benediction over the land. And all over it and above everything that -beautiful Llewellyn bitch, frozen in living marble before me. - -“Is it possible,” I thought, “that nothing is between these birds and -me but the air?” No pines of Alabama and Mississippi, no thickets on -the creeks of Louisiana, no wooded lots and big hills of Tennessee, no -barb-wire fence with hideous signs stuck up warning me that some hog -lived there on posted land? All my life I had shot quail under those -conditions. Now—now—nothing but me and the pure, clear air and the -boundless, rolling prairies and that dog of marble waiting for the word, -to flush a dozen prairie hens squatting in the stubble ready to rise -with a cyclone’s rush on wings of thunder. I stood frozen—like the dog. -I could not move. My heart beat like a race-horse in the back stretch, -making me take long breaths and swallow hard as I came to the hunter’s -attention. Then!— - -Never arose before mortal man so thrilling a sight. They sucked me -forward like the gust of a passing express, like the roar of a wind -storm, like the burst of sun from a cloud, thunder-lined. The earth of -stubble quivered to their wings of thunder and the air pulsed like a -man-of-war when the big guns bellow to port. - -But I did not forget to fire—oh, no! Man is a killing animal by instinct, -and a hog by nature, and neither poetry nor romance nor the wild glory -of the great fields can stop him from killing when his killing blood is -up and his stomach is at stake. Yes, I fired—once—twice—and I shot to -kill. Two beautiful ones I picked with lightning glance from the splendid -covey—two glorious ones that fairly split the air in the wild joy of -escape, only suddenly to— - -Well, “the rest is silence,” as Shakespeare said, when Hamlet died, and -it is the same death that will come to you and me—the end will be just as -sudden, whether we fall in the mid-day of life or fall to the slow fever -of age. They fell but ten feet apart and I walked up and looked down on -them—the proud, beautiful creatures now limp and lifeless. - -I took them up and fondled them—I wanted to kiss them, they were so quiet -now and warm, still splendid in death. - -Mr. Stone had killed his brace also, but being more experienced, had shot -them farther off. - -“You killed yours too close,” he said, as I stood fondling the limp and -beautiful birds. “You should have waited up to fifty yards or seventy.” - -“Yes,” I said, “you see it is my quail hunting instinct. I had my first -lesson in shooting quail in the pine woods of Alabama, and let me tell -you, I laughed, it may be wrong, but it’s dead easy killing those big, -beautiful hens. Honestly, except for their lightning flight I thought I -was shooting at Tennessee guineas.” - -Mr. Stone laughed: “You wait and see,” he said. - -“Why, if you want to know what real shooting is,” I went on, “you just -get up a covey of piny wood quail, where every mother’s chick of them is -taught from his pipping moment to place a pine tree between him and a -load of shot, and do it in the first twenty feet. You have got to shoot -quick.” - -We had walked away across the stubble to where they had gone down, -scattered. Suddenly— - -“There they are,” said my companion. As we came on the bitch frozen again. - -“Now, you first,” said Mr. Stone, kindly, “it’s a single bird.” - -Up went the bird with his thunder of wings. I don’t know how it -happened—I can’t see how it happened to this day. I think I was thinking -of Alabama quail or Tennessee “patterges,” as Old Wash calls them, but -when I fired and the great game cock went on about his business, I got -busy seeing what ailed my gun, and wondering why we always fall down -about the time we think we are mounted on as many legs as a centipede. -Mr. Stone was too polite to refer to my previous remarks, and I watched -the big fellow sail away with more respect for the sport. - -A little further on the Llewellyn again stood, and this time it was my -companion’s first shot. And here is where I did a shameless thing—but I -couldn’t help it, to save my life. - -Up went the bird, and I saw the old hunter throw up his gun. I -listened for the report, but on sailed the bird, fairly eating -space—on—on—fifty—sixty—seventy yards. - -My fingers itched, my arms jerked upward, my gun jumped to my shoulder. -“Great heavens,” I thought, “the bird is gone! His gun won’t fire”— - -The report of my gun and the collapse of the bird came just a second -before his. - -He looked around astonished. “Pray forgive me,” I said. “I have acted the -hog, but I was sure something was the matter with your gun.” - -He laughed: “I was just waiting for it to get a little farther away.” - -After that I shot them farther off, and by noon we had eleven beauties, -filling up the front of our surrey, upon which my eye feasted in delight. - -We decided we had enough, and towards evening we drove across the -cooling, sweet grasses to a group of pretty little lakes or ponds in the -hollow depression of the land. These we found literally covered with -Spoonbills, Teal, Mallard and Red-heads, and then we had sport royal and -of another kind. They were wary, though, very; and we had to crawl on -our stomach for a quarter of a mile to get to them, Mr. Stone on the far -side, to fire first and send them over me. And when his gun sounded once, -twice, here they came toward me, I lying flat in the grass. I picked -two big ones leading the flock, knowing if I didn’t get the kings I’d -get the knights and pawns behind them. I didn’t get the king, but down -tumbled a Red-head, a Mallard—one—two—three—four! Good heaven! Did I kill -all of them? I saw smoke drifting across my left. Mr. Stone had turned -his old Winchester repeater on them, also, and so I gave him credit for -everything but the redhead, for I shot at him. This was our sport—from -one lake to another, until we had shot enough, and the ride home across -the starlit prairies and under the cool, bracing air of that boundless, -glorious country. - -Can you not see how two days of that kind of sport is worth all drunken -yacht trips, and all the heart-breaking, dust-killing automobile rides in -the world? You feel it bodily and spiritually for years, and remember it -with pleasure all your life. - -So here’s to the grand Dakotas and their hospitable people and their -splendid birds! - - * * * * * - -The Philosopher reasons and says it cannot be done. The Doer tries and -does. - - - - -Modern Cotton Culture - -By E. I. WOODFIN, OF ALABAMA - - -There is no subject which is of more vital interest to the South and to -the whole world than successful cotton culture. In spite of the repeated -claims to the contrary, in which every now and then it is predicted that -certain areas in Africa, India, China and South America will be devoted -to cotton, the fact remains that that strip of country lying on the map -of the Southern part of the United States is the finest cotton belt in -the world, and so far absolutely the only large body of land that has -ever produced year in and out any very great amount of the fleece. That -it will continue to be the world’s field for cotton for centuries remains -clearly proven, not only because of its adaptability but because upon it -live an intelligent and industrious branch of the great white race, to -guide and direct and work and this race of people have the best labor in -the world to assist—the negro. - -In the early days this great cotton plantation, as the South might almost -be called, suffered greatly from careless and improvident cultivation in -which the rich soil lost much that might have been kept in it. The great -thing now is to reclaim and build up and at the same time produce cotton -for the steadily increasing demand, which is more as each year goes by. -With these preliminary remarks, and the further one that I cannot better -illustrate my subject than to quote my own personal experience and with -apology for the personal tenor of this paper, I shall give to others the -benefits of my limited success. - -However, in every profession of life, each aspirant strives for golden -results, and as I feel that my harvests for the past few years have -increased several fold, perhaps the practical farmer may benefit some one. - -In 1895 I purchased my farm containing about 200 acres. At that time -the natural resources of the soil were almost completely exhausted, the -produce from one acre being about one-third of a bale when planted to -cotton. I realized there was no money from so small a yield as that -so determined first to try to restore the impoverished soil—the soil -which for fifty years had been planted in cotton. The clean culture that -cotton requires had exhausted the humus from the soil, and it’s almost -impossible to make any money on cotton grown on such soil. I decided -that rotation of crops was the best and cheapest way of restoring this -soil. I divided my land into four fields, fencing each field with wire. -No. 1 I used for a permanent pasture. No. 2 I planted in cotton. No. 3 -half in corn, the other half in oats, followed by peas. No. 4 I used as -a temporary pasture, thereby giving the soil a much needed rest. Don’t -be afraid to do this; the cattle and hogs sold from it will pay you some -rent, and in the improvement of your land lies the increase of your bank -account. Having started this rotation, I have kept it up, letting cotton -follow corn and oats, corn and oats follow temporary pasture, and pasture -following cotton. Could you see the result you would say with me that -rotation is the keynote to successful cotton culture. Occasionally a -farmer will have the seasons very favorable and make a good crop on land -deficient in humus, but what we are striving for is to make a paying crop -every year. This restoration of humus is a wonderful safeguard against -excessive wet or dry weather. Stable manure supplies this much-wanted -humus, but our supply is very limited; from the number of stock required -to work this amount of land we get only enough to cover three or four -acres. But we farmers have to acquire patience, anyway. Take your field -that has been planted in corn, oats and peas, as soon as the stock has -finished up what the mower left (we save all the pea vines we can for -feed). Now, turn under all stubble with a two-horse plow. If this is well -done, it will decompose before planting time, if you finished with the -plowing early enough, thereby adding much humus to the soil, as well as -nitrogen stored there by the pea crop. The custom is to break this land -flat, but I prefer to lay mine off in beds from the first. My land is -now bedded, and it is about time to commence planting. My fertilizer -distributor is started about two days ahead of my cotton planter. The -fertilizer is put in drill not over three or four inches deep, and is -to be followed by a harrow. Now, get the best cotton seed. I use what I -consider the best. I won’t tell you of its many good qualities for fear -you will think this an advertisement. After the cotton has come up to -a good stand, start the plows to barring it off. As soon as you have -finished barring put on little sweeps and run close to the plants. This -leaves them on a very narrow ridge and a good hand will chop from one to -one-half acres more per day than he would on a bar. Push the chopping, -and follow immediately, if possible, with plows, dirting the cotton up -with sweeps. In ten days’ time, or less, if it rains, go over again with -hoes, taking out every other hill and putting it to a stand. These two -workings with the hoe will cost very little more than to have put it to -a stand at first and the cotton will be in much better shape. Strive to -plow over every ten days until you see the first open boll. Guard against -plowing too wet. After rains wait until the soil crumbles. In cultivating -I use a double foot with two 14-inch sweeps, going twice to the row, -until the first of July. After that I use a 28 or 30-inch wing sweep. I -generally go over my crop with the hoes twice after it is put to a stand. -In dry seasons once is generally sufficient. By all means keep ahead of -the grass. It will injure your cotton and cost you more in the end to -clean it out. You see my advice is to rotate. Come, walk over my fields -with me and see my cotton, in places growing more than a bale per acre, -where a few years ago the yield was about one-fourth of a bale, and you -will say with me, “Help nature, give her back her natural elements, and -she will return you a harvest of gold.” - - - - -Poetry, True and False - -By JOHN TROTWOOD MOORE - - -There have been many definitions of poetry ranging all the way from the -well-known Englishman’s definition, “A criticism of human life,” to that -given by one of the most original of all poets, Poe, “the rhythmical -creation of beauty.” That was merely as these two men saw it, or had the -poetic principle developed in them—the first, practically; the second in -all the rythmical beauty and sensuousness and indefinable mistiness of -the immortal “Raven.” - -It is quite plain that no definition can be given of poetry that would -apply to all poetry or even to the poetic principle. No more than can be -given a definition of love, or the sweet character of the Christ, or of -God, or of eternity. Each true poem, like the keys of a piano, may awake -a different chord, and every one perfect. To attempt to define the poetic -principle would be like attempting to sound the depths of our immortal -souls, the very spirit of eternal life, a depth as varied as humanity—in -some, as deep as the valleys in the ocean’s bed, in other “ending in -shallows and in miseries.” I believe it was Mendelssohn who said there -were two things mortal man should not attempt to define—“God Almighty and -Thorough-Base-and-Harmony.” - -Poetry is the music of the intellect and, therefore, like the musical -principle, is indefinable. But what are some of its attributes? - -First of all, real poetry is true, and absolutely a part of our souls, -our experience, ourselves, our most positive beliefs. At first it may -not be readily understood by us—a fact in itself which should warn us -not to be too hasty in condemning it, because that very fact may show -it has touched on a higher, not a lower plane than the plane we are on, -and that we must climb to it, not drag it down to us. Such is the poetry -of Keats, Tennyson, Shelley and Browning. And you who say you cannot -read poetry, and who have had your taste destroyed for true poetry by -newspaper jingle, which lies at one extreme, and magazine poetry, which -lies at the other, and both of which are more often false than true, let -me ask you before you give up, to read some of the real poetry from each -of the authors above before saying again that you cannot love poetry. -Read Keats’ “The Eve of St. Agnes,” Tennyson’s “The Princess,” Shelley’s -“To a Skylark,” and Longfellow’s “Evangeline.” In these, as in all true -poetry, though all of it may not be fully grasped at first, there is an -indefinable something that touches us and makes us wish to read it again -and again until, having tuned our own souls to the key of its beauty we -stand elevated, instructed, sweetened, strengthened, blessed! - -The true poem, like the true poet, has a mission to perform and should -go right to the heart of it—no beating around the bush, no mental -pyrotechnics, no flowery words to sweeten and weaken it, no “churning -about to get up a foam,” no intellectual mistiness, but the simple -laying of the hands on the eyes of the blind! For every poet is also a -preacher, and the greatest of all preachers. And if it fails to perform -its mission, if it does not sound its chord, and that clearly, but a -mere jingling of pretty bells, it is no more a poem than a dancing harem -girl, with silver bells, bracelets and anklets on her, is a woman. Every -poem that has ever lived lived because it filled a mission; and all those -that have died, died because they had none to fill. “The Psalm of Life,” -“Highland Mary,” “Evelyn Hope,” “Thanatopsis”—these and hundreds of -others, short as they are, came with a mission and, finding it, performed -it, and each of the above, with the lesson it teaches, is a statue in -the temple of fame and will stand there for all times as clearly and -distinctly as Washington, Bruce, Nelson or Jackson. - -Let us not judge poetry, then, by the two false extremes in which we meet -it most often—newspapers and magazines—and the two which have caused so -many to form unfavorable opinions of poetry. Forgetting that rhyme is -not poetry, and that a poem is the product of life, the newspaper poet -tries to jingle one out every day. He might as well try to live his -year in a day! Clipped by some thoughtless editor, who uses his shears -as recklessly as he does his spleen, and who clips as he writes—to -fill space—the newspaper poet mistakes even this for ephemeral fame -and like a howling dervish continues to dance around the circle to the -monotonous music of his tom-tom; while the magazine fellow, after months -of laborious travail, brings forth an intellectual mouse. Posterity -will indict the first of these for false pretenses, and hang the other -for downright murder. But like the thief and the murderer of old, the -punishment of one will not bring back the good opinion of poetry to those -from whom he has filched it, nor will the lynching of the other give back -to the world the life of Art after the murderer has taken it. - -Imagine Robert Burns, having made a reputation with his “Highland Mary,” -and filled with the newspaper’s idea of his art, grinding out another -poem every few days to the Scotch lassie his genius immortalized. -Posterity would hate him. Think of Shelley, for ten dollars a week, -“trying his hand again on the ‘Skylark.’” And yet this is what many -so-called modern newspaper poets try to do. - -The truth is, the true poet, like the mocking bird, never sings twice -on the same note, but in that song he exhausts his soul. It is only the -jaybird who sings the same thing every day and imagines it is a new song. - -I do not mean by the above criticism that real genius may not now and -then appear in newspapers. In fact, more of it—much more—appears there -than in magazines, being often the bursting of a wild rose in the meadow -into full bloom and giving its perfume to the world without pay and -without knowledge of its own sweetness. But as the wild rose cannot bloom -every day in the year, so have I never yet seen two newspaper gems in -one year by the same poet. And those that appear, written quickly, and -apparently thoughtlessly, yet are they the product of years of sweet -growth of unconscious development, of work, imperceptibly wrought out, -but, like the coral castle beneath the sea, as perfect and as beautiful. - -But as between the newspaper and the magazine poet, give me the -former—for now and then he writes a poem, but the magazine poet—seldom! -The first-named is often a true poet, and my only objection to him -is that he lowers the standard of his art, he desecrates his high -calling by a too often, too feeble, and a too familiar attempt; but the -magazine poems, after years of reading them, I am constrained to believe -that, with few exceptions, they are utterly devoid of even the poetic -principle. Their authors not only would not know a poem if they met one -in the road, but they could not read one if an angel of light would write -it with a diamond-pointed star on the windows of heaven! - -Poetry need not rhyme, it need not be written in verse, even; and the -simple test of it all is, does it awaken some chord in you that uplifts? - - - - -With Old Wash. - -THE EXAMINATION. - - -“Boss,” said Old Wash the other night, “I have got ter hol’ a zamination -over in my deestrick for skule teecher, an’ I wisht you’d write out de -questions for me.” - -I knew that the old man was the moving spirit in educational and -religious matters in his end of the county and that he holds an -examination now and then among the colored applicants, and none of them -may teach or preach unless the old man passes on their papers. - -After much work I wrote a list of questions suitable, as I thought, for -such an occasion and read them to the examiner. - -“Deys all right, boss, ’cept one thing. Jes write de answers dar, too. -It’s a po’ teecher dat ain’t got his ansers as well as his questuns. An’ -I’d lak for you ter go along, too, jes ter see me squelch dem smart Ike -niggers dat think dey kno’s it all.” - -On the day appointed there were three applicants. One was a pompous -looking darky with a knack of saying things grandly and using big words. -I named him Pompey. Number two was a sanctimonious looking fellow -who knew it all. He was a newly fledged preacher. Number three was a -knowing-looking, sly soon, with less book sense, but more mother wit than -the others. He looked like a slick one. - -Nothing pleased the old man more than to show off his own learning and he -quickly caught on to Pompey’s gait—going him, in fact, one better. Slowly -and with great dignity he pulled out his roll of manuscript, adjusted his -big, iron-rimmed spectacles, and squelched them all in the beginning -with the flow of language: - -“Now, I’m gwine ax you all a few supernumerous questions, calk’lated -to disembody de fundermentalerties of yore onderstandin’ an’ de -posserbilerties of yore interlects for impartin’ informashun. An’ I want -you all to chirp right out as peart as jay-birds on a Friday.” - -There is a negro superstition to the effect that all jay-birds go to a -place unmentionable on Friday and carry sand to his Satanic majesty. I -wondered If it was a hint of what the old man had coming for them. - -Adjusting his glasses again, the old man said to the preacher: - -“Whut is jog’erfy?” - -The answer came back glibly and without a flaw: - -“Jog’erfy is de science of de earth an’ de art of navergashun.” - -This was said in such a matter of fact, positive tone that I almost -caught my breath. But I soon learned that all their answers, right or -wrong, came with the same assurance and without a quiver. The old man -squinted one eye and said: - -“Den I s’pose you’d say a coon-dog was de science ob coon-killin’ an’ de -art ob barkin’. I turns you down on dat. Nex’!” - -“Jog’erfy,” said Pompey, “Jog’erfy! Brer Washington, ain’t dat got -sumpin’ to do sorter lak a narrer neck jinin’ two dem-johns of lan’, -sorter lak an’ so forth or sumpin lak it?” - -“Wal, it may smell ob de jug a leetle,” said the old man, “but it don’t -gine de demi-john to de extent ob pullin’ out de cork. Nex’.” - -“Jog’erfy,” said the Slick One, “is de art ob joggin’ and de science ob -gwine round circles.” - -This set the old man to thinking. He scratched his head and inspected the -candidate closely. “Ain’t you de nigger dat use ter swipe old Hal P’inter -when he went to de races?” - -“Yassir.” - -“Wal, dat ain’t zactly right, but it’s got mo’ sense in it dan anything -dat’s been sed, an’ I’ll give you ten, as you seem to have sum hoss sense -in yore make-up.” - -Fortunately I was where I could lean back behind the blackboard and save -the dignity of the examination. For all this had been said with a dignity -and earnestness that was appalling, and not the slightest trace of humor -appeared in their voices. - -“How am Tennessee bounded?” he asked Pompey. - -“She’s bounded by straight lines makin’ a parallellogram inclinin’ in a -right angle,” said Pompey, knowingly. - -The old man scratched his jaw and passed it to the Preacher. The answer -came back glibly: - -“Tennessee am bounded on de north by Kaintucky an’ de rory-bory Alice, on -de east by de Great Smoky mountains, on the west by Mt. Pelee an’ on de -south—” - -The old man brought his fist down indignantly. “Ef we’re bounded on all -dem sides by de things you say dar ain’t but one thing dat can nachully -bind us on de south an’ dat am hell! You may know a whole lot about dat -place but you don’t kno’ a little bit about jog’erfy. Lemme see whut you -all kno’ ’bout hist’ry.” - -He slowly studied out the next question: - -“Relate de causes leadin’ to de Riverlushunary war.” - -“De circumnavigatin’ cause ob de Riverlushunary war,” said Pompey glibly, -“was de extenshun ob de Equater too far into de Gulf stream, endangerin’ -de tail ob de British Umpire.” - -The old man sadly shook his head and passed it to the Swipe. - -“I can’t jes zactly spress it kordin’ to book larnin’,” said the Swipe, -“but it was sorter lak dis: We drawed de pole an’ axed for a squar race, -but England fouled us on de fus’ turn an’ got us in a pocket on’ de half. -We run into her, cut her down an’ won as we pleased.” - -“Go head,” said the old man proudly. “Hal P’inter sho’ done lamed you -sumpin’.” - -This put the Swipe at the head. He scratched his chin, made eyes at the -others and licked out his tongue. - -“Who was Maj. Andre?” slowly spelled out the old man. - -The Preacher thought he was one of the Disciples and Pompey, after much -thought, said he was the man who went over Niagara in a barrel. The Swipe -wasn’t sure, but after a while his face lit up with a broad smile and he -said: - -“Unc. Wash, wan’t he a British ringer dat got unkivered an’ ruled off at -de West P’int meetin’? ’Twas a close heat an’ he lost by a neck.” - -“De very man,” said the old man enthusiastically. “I tell you, sonny, if -you keep up dis clip, you’ll break in all de colts in dis deestrick.” -The Swipe smiled and sat up higher in the sulky. The old man studied his -manuscript carefully and propounded: - -“Describe de battle ob Shiloh.” - -“Dat’s easy,” said the Preacher smiling. “It was a hard-fit fight in -which Shiloh got killed.” - -“Oh, he did,” said the old man, wrathfully. “I guess de nex’ thing you’ll -be tryin’ to teach de ole man dat at de battle ob de Nelson, de Nile fell -offen his hoss. Nex’, whut you say?” - -“Dat ar battle wus a dead heat ’twixt Gen. Grant an’ Johnsing, wan’t it, -Unc. Wash?” - -“Sonny,” said the old man proudly, “I’m beginnin’ to think I orter resign -an’ let you ax dese questions. I didn’t kno’ dar was so much hoss sense -in hist’ry.” - -“What am de princerpal organ ob circulation?” spelled out the old man. - -Pompey thought a long time and thought it was the liver. The Preacher -threw up his hand and a knowing smile went over his face. - -“What am it, den?” asked the teacher. - -“De hat,” shouted the candidate. - -“Es dat’s de fust time you’ve come nigh it I’ll give you ten on dat,” -said the old man, “but I think de P’inter boy can do better yet.” - -“De princerpal organ ob circulashun,” said the Swipe, “am de little -silver cartwheel dat is stamped wid de eagle.” - -“Sunny,” said the old man, “you have sho’ been in de hoss bisness for -some good. Now you Preacher man, whut was de greatest trade of England?” - -“De trade-wind,” came back promptly. - -“Trade yore grandmammy’s black cat,” said the old man, wrathfully. “What -wind got to do wid dis deestrick skule? You ’pear to be mighty windy -yo’se’f. Nex’.” - -“Wan’t dat de Pennsylvania whisky resurrecshun’?” timidly asked Pompey. - -The old man glared at him. The Swipe held up his hand, and when the old -man nodded, he said: - -“De princerpal trade, Unc. Wash? ’Pears to me it was when ole Richard -tried to trade his kingdom for a good hoss.” - -“Wal,” said the old man, “tain’t down zactly dat way in my book, but -I’m gwine give you de certificate, fur it ’pears lak you de only nigger -on dat bench dat’s got enny hoss sense an’ dat’s de main thing in skule -teachin.” - - TROTWOOD. - - - - -“And Who Is My Neighbor?” Luke 10:29 - -By REV. T. A. WHARTON, D.D., First Presbyterian Church, Columbia, Tenn. - - -He was a Pharisee. He was also a scribe—a lawyer. And he stood up to -tempt the Master. He would show this throng gathered about the Lord that -their alleged prophet was only a cheap schemer—a designing Galilean -playing upon their ignorance and credulity. - -“Rabbi (patronizingly), what shall I do to inherit eternal life?” Let us -reason together and come to first principles: What do you make of the -primal law? Just the old question of the Pharisee—the classic question of -the legalist in every age of the world. There is a double blunder in this -age-worn question. They belong to that class of blunders which have just -enough truth in their midst to give them a species of eternal life, and -self perpetuative power. - -The first blunder is an assumption—that in doing alone depends an -entrance into the kingdom of heaven. What shall I do—what shall I do? -Never what shall I be? It is so much easier to do than to be—that it is -not a thing for wonder that our poor warped human nature should prefer to -beat out a path of merit and morals to the kingdom rather than submit the -will. “Do this and live” is its password and shibboleth—never the “live -and do this” of the Master. - -“Ye must be born again” is something alike repulsive to the pride of -reason and the pride of life. And yet there is nothing more certain -than this—no one of us shall ever see the kingdom of God without such a -radical birth change in our heart of hearts as shall give all our doing a -new meaning and color. Is it not a strange blunder for man to make when -it appears in the very question itself? We cannot do things to inherit—we -must be sons to inherit. - -The second blunder is an assumption also. It appears in the tone of the -questioner. The tone implies, Rabbi, am I not doing enough already? Am -I not doing all that is necessary. I give alms of all that I possess. I -fast twice in the week. My life is clean in the sight of the law—“Thank -God, I am not as other men are”—as that disciple of yours there, for -instance. What further shall I do or can I do to inherit eternal life? -What lack I yet or the existing church of God? In so far as you are -teaching anything new it must be false, and anything old is it not -unnecessary? Why then all this stir you are making throughout the land? - -The Master’s reply is very simple. He takes this self-sufficient sinner -on his own ground: “How readest thou the law?” Since this is your trust -and hope, what do you make of it? The lawyer replies glibly enough: “Thou -shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, with all thy soul, -with all thy might and with all thy strength, and thy neighbor as thy -self.” The Saviour replies: “Thou hast answered right; do this and thou -shalt live.” But there is such an emphasis upon the “do” this that a -dead silence falls. The lawyer grows uncomfortable, and begins to hedge. -Had he this “done?” But it is evident that the less said upon the first -table of the law the better. There is more hope of the second. So says -the record: “And willing to justify himself, he asks,” “And who is my -neighbor?” Do you not see that this is a broken sentence? It is preceded -by a bit of very hurried thinking. I have been good to my family—to those -about me—my next of kin—my set. It all depends upon this “who is my -neighbor.” “And who is my neighbor?” - -The answer is only a parable, but a parable whose meaning when once -caught and practiced shall change our world beyond the recognition of -even the angels of heaven. It will make this poor, weary, burdened earth -to blossom as the rose; shall make all our desert like the garden of the -Lord. It shall become the universal solvent for all problems arising from -man’s relation to man. It will stop every war before noon to-morrow. - -Then shall the lion of capital and the lamb of labor lie down together, -and neither shall be afraid, neither shall there be any more strikes, -nor walking delegates; no more epidemics of hate; no more vipers to hiss -their slander or trail their slime. “Then shall every battle flag be -furled in the parliament of nations, the federation of the world.” - -Wherever there lies the wounded and helpless by the wayside of life, -wheresoe’er in the world there shall spring to the rescue some strong son -of God armed to the teeth with wine and oil for the wound and the sword -of the Lord and of Gideon for the assassin, our right worshipful dollar -shall change its meaning and its face—its eagle shall have the olive -branch in its mouth. It shall become a health certificate for the sick, a -help certificate for the needy, even though they be not our next of kin. - -This parable has wrapt up in it the one remedy for the race with which to -work out its salvation from man’s inhumanity to man. - -Oh, this is a dream, the over statement of an enthusiast’s heated fancy. -If it be so, then farewell to our hope of civilization. Its permanence -will depend upon its obedience to this, its supreme law. It is no dream. -Everywhere before your very eyes is it unfolding—unfolding an asylum -for the helpless, hospitals for the sick, charitable institutions of -every type are reaching out their arms all over the world for earth’s -stricken ones—its motherless and helpless. You pessimists do not believe -in humanity, nor do I, but I believe in humanity’s Christ, and I know He -is breathing into His own utterance the law that is to redeem the whole -earth. “Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself.” - -And who is my neighbor? We have been saying all the time with this narrow -Jewish lawyer, He is my fellow-Jew; he is akin to me—a man of my nation, -and my neighborliness, diminishing with the square of the distance, -vanishing altogether when he is out of sight. - -Well, I tell you, this is not the Master’s, although very similar. His -definition has just two definite terms, and two only—a certain man, and, -to die unless someone helps him. A nameless man of a nameless land, -and wholly desperate. All else is indefinite—a certain man. Was he a -Jew? No answer. Was he stranger from the Perean hills beyond Jordan? No -answer. Was he a merchantman from the isles of the sea returning with his -Damascus purchases via Jerusalem and Joppa? No answer. Was he a good man? -No answer. A man of means, or poor, with a dependent family? No answer. -Was it not wrong of him to venture through so dangerous a region, and -alone? No answer. Was it not foolhardy of him not to yield his goods and -without a struggle? No answer. - -All that enters into the Saviour’s definition is the fact that he was a -man, a helpless, wounded man, and to die unless someone comes to him and -ministers to his desperate need. - - “Once in the flight of ages past, - There lived a man—and who was he? - Mortal howe’er thy lot be cast, - That man resembles thee. - - The bounding pulse, the languid limb, - The changing spirit’s rise and fall, - We know that these were felt by him, - For these are felt by all. - - He suffered, but his pangs are o’er, - Enjoyed, but his delights are fled; - Had friends, but his friends are now no more, - And foes—his foes are dead. - - He saw whate’er thou hast seen, - Encountered all that troubles thee; - He was whatever thou hast been, - He is what thou shalt be. - - The annals of the human race; - Their ruins since the world began, - Of him afford no other trace than - This—there lived a man.” - -Now, here is the definition and the picture of our neighbor, a picture -whose lights and shadows shall never vary while the world shall last. -This is the man whom Jehovah solemnly committed to his people in every -age of His church. O land of Pharisees, O scribe and lawyer, ever since -the days of Abel this man has been your charge and ward. How sayest thou, -I have loved my neighbor as myself? How sayest thou, I have kept the -commandment of God, when thou has walled thyself off in national barriers -and hath built walls of caste and prejudice between thyself and him? How -sayest thou, I have loved my neighbor as myself, when thou hast stopped -thine ears and shut thine eyes and stalked on by all those who are lying -by the wayside of the Kingdom, dying through all these years of your -history and theirs? - -This is our neighbor, where are his? We have found him, where shall he -find his neighbor? The story of the Good Samaritan is the eternal answer. - - * * * * * - - Who always would but nothing finds to try, - Unstable shall he live, unhonored die. - - * * * * * - -Prejudice is the ball and chain of Achievement. - -[Illustration] - - - - - TROTWOOD’S MONTHLY - Devoted to Farm, Horse and Home. - TROTWOOD PUBLISHING CO., Nashville, Tenn. Office 161 Fourth Ave. North. - - JOHN TROTWOOD MOORE, Editor-in-Chief. - - E. E. SWEETLAND Business Manager. - - GEO. E. McKENNON President. - JOHN W. FRY Vice-President. - EUGENE ANDERSON Treas. - WOOTEN MOORE Sec’y. - - TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION: One Year, $1 00; Single Copy, 10 cents. - Advertising Rates on application. - - NASHVILLE, TENN., NOVEMBER, 1905. - - - - -With Trotwood - - -THE YELLOW EDITOR. - -(After Rudyard Kipling, for Trotwood’s Monthly.) - -(A yellow editor has complained to the governor of Minnesota that the -warden of the Stillwater penitentiary has refused to allow one of his -convicts to subscribe for a certain saffron journal.—News Item.) - - Now Tomlinson once robbed a man in Berkeley Square, - And a copper caught him in the act and nabbed him then and there. - The copper grabbed him by the neck and hurried him away. - In a blue patrol that was right outside, he rode through shadows gray - To a gloomy place in the darksome town where the blatant noises cease, - And they came to a gate within a wall where the jailer has the keys. - “Stand up, stand up, now Tomlinson, and answer loud and high. - Your name and age, and all of that and ye need not ask me why.” - The morning dawned and before the judge to trial came Tomlinson, - He sentenced him to the gloomy “Pen,” and a year he got—just one, - And the judge’s voice resounding loud to him seemed like a knell - Or ever they took the man away to lock him in his cell. - Then Tomlinson looked up and down and sought for things to read: - “A yellow journal is my meat, yea, that is what I need, - And I will crawl upon my knees and ask the jailer man - If he will only bring to me a sheet of the hue of tan.” - But the jailer held his hands aloft and swore by heaven high - That no such evil thing should come that penitentiary nigh; - “For by my troth,” the jailer cried, “ye are a devilish mess, - But ye dare not steep your guilty soul in the filth of the saffron - press.” - Now Tomlinson gave up the ghost in the penitentiary there, - And a spirit came to his bedside and gripped him by the hair— - The spirit gripped him by the hair and sun by sun they fell - Till they came to the belt of wicked stars that rim the mouth of hell. - The devil sat behind the bars where the desperate legions drew, - And spied the hasting Tomlinson and gladly let him through: - “Sit down, sit down, upon the slag and yammer loud and high, - And tell me what you did, my man, or ever ye came to die.” - “I spent my time on earth, my lord, in reading the yellow press.” - Thus Tomlinson let out his voice and shouted in distress. - Then the devil gripped him by the hair, and redder grew his face: - “If that be true, ye dare not spend one minute in this place; - Wot ye the price of good pit coal that I must pay?” asked he, - “That ye rank yourself so fit for hell and ask no leave of me? - Go back to earth with lip unsealed—go back with an open eye, - And carry my word to the sons of men, or ever ye come to die, - That the readers of the yellow press on earth may bide and dwell. - But we do not want them down below to corrupt the hordes of hell.” - - —Will Reed Dunroy. - - * * * * * - -Here is a letter from a young man in Wisconsin, one whom I have never -met except in that way in which kindred spirits so often meet—by mail. -Stricken ere his manhood had scarcely begun, blind, he has never given -up, and is making a living and doing good to all around him—one of the -best and most useful citizens of his town. - -Trotwood believes in this whole country, North and South. He does not -believe that either section has all the good or all the bad, but that -in both there is far more good than evil and that the only reason why -people do not like each other is because they do not know each other. -Transportation, the cable, the telegraph, wireless telegraphy and the -telephone have changed the face of the world and corralled mankind with -wires of steel. Japan is nearer Washington to-day than Boston was fifty -years ago. You have more neighbors in Europe than your grandfather had -in the county adjoining him. I am publishing this letter hoping my blind -friend may find the kind surgeon, and also to show the spirit of our -reunited country for which my pen has always and will ever work to cement: - - Merrill, Wis., June 30, 1905. - - Dear Trotwood: Rather tardy in thanking you for taking the - trouble of sending me “Songs and Stories of Tennessee,” but my - wife and daughter have been away on a visit and though it’s - vacation, this is the first opportunity I’ve had to press my - sister into service. We all enjoyed the stories very much, and - are looking forward eagerly to the time when your new book will - be out. - - I’ve been wanting to tell you of my father’s experience during - the Civil War, to see what you think of it, and to see if you - have any idea who the surgeon could have been and to show you - another family in the North with the kindliest of feelings for - the people of the South. - - July 1, ’63, at about 2 o’clock p.m., a Confederate bullet laid - my father low at the Battle of Gettysburg. The ball passed - through and killed the man directly in front of him, entering - father below the heart, the wound being very similar to that - of President Garfield. He still carries the lead. He lay the - afternoon until along in the evening the Union line having - retreated, and firing ceased. About this time Gen. Lee and his - staff came on the field. The general, seeing father was alive, - asked what troops he had fought and how boys happened to get - commissions in the Northern Army. Father answered, “They fought - and earned them.” As the party passed on, the surgeon returned, - eased father’s position, gave him a drink of liquor and said he - would see him later. He came again at about nine o’clock that - night, twice the next day and late the afternoon of July 2 he - had two Confederate soldiers prepare a litter and carry father - to a farm house where, being the most dangerously wounded, he - was given the only mattress in the house. Father calls him his - “Good Samaritan.” During his time on the field his hat cord was - stolen and he gave all the money he had, twenty dollars, ten - each to two Union soldiers to get him off the field or get him - something to drink. They never returned. During the night a - Confederate soldier gave him a drink of milk for which he had - spent his last cent. This is in brief, but explicit enough to - show that though father was struck down by a Confederate bullet - he nevertheless owes his life to men of that army. When the - Confederate line retreated, father was taken to the hospital - in the city and was never able to learn the name of his “Good - Samaritan.” How his wound did not heal for two years, how Dr. - Bliss treated him and how an abscess formed in his back which - also took a long time to heal is probably but a repetition of - many such incidents of which you’ve already heard. - - For fear you’ll grow weary, I’ll desist. - - Yours very truly, - - H. R. BRUCE. - - - * * * * * - -It is time that the flamboyant and flowery, the unreal, was cut out of -our oratory and literature. Kill it. Talk straight, think straight, -live straight. The flamboyant, the flowery is the product of slavery, -of idleness, of high living and no thinking. It is a relic of the past, -of feudalism, a mixture of chivalry and unclear thinking. The great -poet, the great writer, the great orator is he who talks the greatest -good sense. Anything else is the badge of mediocrity. The tendency of -everything these strenuous days, from literature to life insurance, -is expressed in the phrase: “Get there.” How amusing the efforts of a -Tennessee statesman in a recent great occasion, majestically sweeping -the heavens with his hands and solemnly proclaiming that “Tennessee had -set more stars in the galaxy of glory than all the other States.” Bosh! -Tennessee has as many fools to the acre as any other State, and what she -should do just now is to set more hens and fewer stars! - - * * * * * - -People who live with nature soon learn a great deal. The best way to -study nature is to get in harmony with the laws of nature. The best -advice ever given on longevity was from the cheerful old gentleman who -said: “To live long, live naturally, eat what you want and walk on the -sunny side of the street.” Children think that some great man made up the -horrid rules of grammar, and then all the world learned them and went to -talking. They do not know that the world talked first and the rules of -grammar were deduced from the talking. From the facts of life we draw our -rules. - -And Nature is the Great Fact. - -I was thinking of one of her facts the other day—she has so many -thousands—but I noticed it is a fact that the man who works the soil is a -natural-born optimist. Let the farmer fail year after year and he still -plants, hoping. Let the merchant fail one year and he is badly shaken—one -more—another, maybe—and he is done. That is the Fact. Now for the rule: -God intended man to love, to cultivate, to cling to the soil. In other -words, is not farming man’s natural vocation, since neither drought nor -flood nor failure can shut out from his heart that instinct of hoping -which has come down to him through centuries of farming fathers? - - * * * * * - -We—and that means England and America—have used the Jap to fight our -battles for us. The issue has been the stopping of the tide of Moscovites -across Asia, the killing of their influence in the East, the grasping -from covetous hands the yellow empire, richer than mints of yellow gold -to the nation that shall supply their wants. That means the open door -until Japan decides to close it for the world and that the Muscovite must -forever be bound between the Baltic and the North Sea and the ice zone -of the Pacific, all of which was necessary. Arrogant and ignorant Russia -needed this chastisement. But is it not time to stop? We are chuckling -now, but the greatest problem lies before us. Sixteenth century Russia -has met twentieth century Japan, and walked from the woods of barbarity -into the daylight of a Mauser-swept, mine-entangled, smokeless-plowed -field of death. The harvest has been as certain as when the Gauls came -out of the woods to meet the steel-sheathed legions of Caesar. - -History does not stop at one page. One was made at Port Arthur and the -Straits of Japan, now— - -“Let China alone,” said Napoleon, “she is a sleeping giant.” The -fight has been for China, and the wily Jap, playing on the unfailing -cupidity and conquering, grabbing instinct of the Anglo-Saxon, has won. -Hereafter China belongs to Japan. Give her just a century to vitalize -the nation which, if the world were stood in a line, would count every -fourth fighter as hers, and the white race will face the problem of its -existence. At Portsmouth recently, when the Sabbath came, the Russian -went to church. The Jap only laughed, and voted to work on. Shintoism -knows no Sunday, no soul, no to-morrow, no eternity. Shintoism is blind -chance pitched against the barb-wire of blind unbelief. - -It is time to see clearly—to turn. We have conquered our own kin with a -soulless, smiling, ghost-born being who is far-sighted and will yet make -our children wonder why we gave him a Mauser for posterity. As for us, we -will always be for the white man and the Christian. - - * * * * * - -Trotwood’s Monthly has installed a new feature in magazine management. We -call him Jonah. He is a bright boy who does things around the editorial -room. They are not always done right, but when he finishes with them we -are willing to aver that they are always done. One of his duties is to -read all of the poetry submitted—and it is coming in with a rush—condemn -the bad and pass the good up to Trotwood for final judgment. Here are his -comments on an execrable batch of it sent in under the title of “Piping -Lays” by a good, sweet, but sadly misguided being, whose name begins -with Tillie: - - Hear we hav a poet boald. - Naught I’m frank to sa is worce, - Than the “Flowery” tales she’s told, - In her akrobatic verce. - - Tillie fane would pipe a lay - That would markit fur a song, - But her Piping duz not pa, - Why? Bekaus her meter’s rong. - - Tillie mite reverse the phraze - ’Til her muse is neerer ripe, - And insted of piping lays - Tri her hand at laying pipe. - - JONAH. - -But Jonah is equally as hard on Trotwood, as the following unique note -came to me in a batch of proof: - - dear mister trotwood:— - - I think your writing is plain, but the printer, says it is a - cross between a chinese laundry ticket and the Lord’s prayer - ritten in arabic. They sent one sheet back to-day and i red it - and it reeds like this—“The Hal family is a very slow bunch, - and unless they cross the blood with a Texas Mustang pretty - soon, they will only be fit for water wagons and apple carts, - and anny boddy would go to sleep waiting for them to go around - a half mile track.” - - I draped it on the floor, and when I picked it up it was - different, and red like this—(I had it up-side-down): - - Life’s ills, could man by knowing, - Be spared from undergoing, - There would be sense in knowing; - But since with all our knowing, - This coal dust keeps on blowing, - Well—what’s the use in knowing? - - Mr. Sweetland the business manager said I was a fool, but when - he tried to reed it, he could not tell whuther it was a horse - story or poem or something about Uncle Wash. He said it was one - of the three, and said you wrote like a lobster. it is plain - enough to me, but i wish you would write and tell me just what - it is, and I will tell the printer for he is too fresh anyhow. - Hear is whut I mad of it last: - - When you give a sweet maid kisses - She hands you back a sigh— - When you give a printer copy - He hands you back a pi— - And he made it in the gloaming - With his stomach full of rye! - - noto bene:—Pleas com up and let us no which one goes. And pleas - pardon a suggestion but I saw to-day a thing that wurred me - verry grately. it was that the buggs insex and varments eats - up Three Billion Dollars worth of the farmers truck and stuff - every year. Don’t you think we ought to let them no about it. - - JONAH. - -The following compliment from an old friend, Judge John L. Miller, of -Corsicana, Texas, is highly appreciated. When we say “old” friend it -carries a double meaning, for in addition to having been our friend for -many years, this grand old gentleman has nearly reached his ninetieth -milestone, and is still enjoying good health. He writes: - - When I learned that TROTWOOD was to edit TROTWOOD’S MONTHLY - I folded my arms and shouted for joy, I knew the author of - “Ole Mistis” and “Miss Kitty’s Funeral,” two of the brightest - literary gems of modern times, could and would give us a - monthly that would be read and appreciated by all reading - people in both North and South. This is the character of - reading matter the whole country needs, and judging from the - first number of TROTWOOD’S MONTHLY I think we will get it. The - visitor from Tennessee is gladly welcomed, bringing as it does - into our home good cheer and sunshine—short gems of poetry, - making “Tears from eyelids start,” then smiles and ringing - laughter. - - With Little Sister, we grieve over the condemned long-legged - colt. We help her to rescue the little deformed thing from the - hands of the negro executioner. We shout and sing and dance - and “’Rah for Little Sister” at the race course as she swings - proudly into the ring and wins the race. - - Right gladly we renew our acquaintance with “Old Wash” and our - sympathies are his as he attempts with his luscious watermelons - to reach the hearts of his people through their stomachs, and - also defeats his own purpose through their stomachs. - - A “History of the Hals” appeals strongly to lovers of fine - horses. Many horses of the Hal family are owned by Texans and - the articles on this especial subject will be read with avidity - by subscribers over this state as well as elsewhere. A bright - magazine enjoyed alike by every member of the household we find - TROTWOOD’S MONTHLY to be, and “Barkis is more than willin’” - that it should be the success it so well deserves. - - * * * * * - -We want a good live agent in every town in the United States for -“Trotwood’s Monthly.” Write for terms to agents. Address Trotwood -Publishing Company, Nashville, Tenn. - - - - - 1:59¼ 2:00½ - - EWELL FARM - - (ESTABLISHED 1870) - - GEORGE CAMPBELL BROWN and PERCY BROWN - Spring Hill, Maury County, Tennessee - -_Trotting and Pacing Horses. Jersey Cattle. Shetland Ponies. Southdown -Sheep._ - - * * * * * - -IN THE STUD - -JOHN R. GENTRY 2:00½, the handsomest of all turf horses. Has held -ten world’s records. Twice grand champion for one and three heats. A -winner in Madison Square Garden. A sire of pronounced beauty, speed and -intelligence. Sires both trotters and pacers of extraordinary speed and -destined to be the greatest sire in the world.—Fee, $100.00. - -McEWEN 2:18¼—Prize winner at St. Louis, 1904, when 19 years old. -Unquestionably the best sire of his age, bred and owned in Tennessee. -Sire of 26 with fast records. A great race horse, a splendid road horse, -a successful show horse and a remarkable sire.—Fee, $30.00. - -HAL BROWN, one of the speediest of Brown Hal’s sons. Showed two-minute -speed as a yearling. Full brother to four with records from 2:07¼ to -2:13¼. Represents on both sides the best of Tennessee’s pacing strains. A -most precocious sire. - -YOUNG STOCK of both sexes, stallions and brood mares, trotters and pacers -ready to race, for sale at all times. - - * * * * * - -The Ewell Farm JERSEY HERD is headed by TOMMY TORMENTOR 67233, a double -greatgrandson of Imp. Tormentor 3533 (whose blood entered more largely -into the pedigrees of the winning herd in the World’s Fair test, at -St. Louis, 1904, than that of any other bull). A bull of exact dairy -conformation, beautiful color and great vigor. After January 1, 1906, a -few young bulls and heifers will be offered for sale. - -The SHETLANDS at Ewell Farm have been selected with great care, especial -attention having been paid to beauty, uniformity in size (36 to 42 -inches) and docility of temper. Not for many years have these ponies -failed to delight their purchasers. Geldings 1 to 3 years old for sale. - -SOUTHDOWN SHEEP.—Our Southdowns are of pure blood, but unregistered. -Especially adapted for breeding spring lambs. - - For Particulars, Address EWELL FARM Spring Hill, Tennessee, - Maury County - - GEO. CAMPBELL BROWN, Mgr. Live Stock Dept. - - Write for what you want, and mention Trotwood’s Monthly. - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TROTWOOD'S MONTHLY, VOL. 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- margin-right: 10%; - font-size: 0.9em; -} - -.footnote .label { - position: absolute; - right: 84%; - text-align: right; -} - -.fnanchor { - vertical-align: super; - font-size: .8em; - text-decoration: none; -} - -.larger { - font-size: 125%; -} - -.largest { - font-size: 180% -} - -.mt3 { - margin-top: 3em; -} - -.noindent { - text-indent: 0em; -} - -.note { - font-size: 90%; - margin-bottom: 1.5em; - text-align: center; -} - -.nw { - white-space: nowrap; -} - -.pagenum { - position: absolute; - right: 4%; - font-size: smaller; - text-align: right; - font-style: normal; -} - -.poetry-container { - text-align: center; - margin: 1em; -} - -.poetry { - display: inline-block; - text-align: left; -} - -.poetry .stanza { - margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em; -} - -.poetry .center { - padding-left: 0; - text-align: center; - text-indent: 0; -} - -.poetry .verse { - padding-left: 3em; -} - -.poetry .indent0 { - text-indent: -3em; -} - -.poetry .indent2 { - text-indent: -2em; -} - -.poetry .indent6 { - text-indent: 0em; -} - -.poetry .indent26 {text-indent: 10em;} -.poetry .indent28 {text-indent: 11em;} -.poetry .indent30 {text-indent: 12em;} -.poetry .indent32 {text-indent: 13em;} -.poetry .indent34 {text-indent: 14em;} - -.right { - text-align: right; -} - -.smaller { - font-size: 80%; -} - -.smcap { - font-variant: small-caps; - font-style: normal; -} - -.spacer { - margin-left: 3em; - margin-right: 3em; -} - -.u { - text-decoration: underline; -} - -.x-ebookmaker img { - max-width: 100%; - width: auto; - height: auto; -} - -.x-ebookmaker .poetry { - display: block; - margin-left: 1.5em; -} - -.x-ebookmaker .blockquote { - margin: 1.5em 5%; -} - - </style> - </head> -<body> -<p style='text-align:center; font-size:1.2em; font-weight:bold'>The Project Gutenberg eBook of Trotwood's Monthly, Vol. I, No. 2, November 1905, by Various</p> -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online -at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you -are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the -country where you are located before using this eBook. -</div> - -<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: Trotwood's Monthly, Vol. I, No. 2, November 1905</p> -<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: Various</p> -<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: April 28, 2022 [eBook #67946]</p> -<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</p> - <p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; text-align:left'>Produced by: hekula03 and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This book was produced from images made available by the HathiTrust Digital Library.)</p> -<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TROTWOOD'S MONTHLY, VOL. I, NO. 2, NOVEMBER 1905 ***</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_60"></a>[60]</span></p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 700px;"> -<img src="images/i_000.jpg" width="700" height="450" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">LANDSEER’S FANCY</p> -</div> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_61"></a>[61]</span></p> - -<h1>TROTWOOD’S MONTHLY</h1> - -<table class="table0" summary=" "> -<colgroup> -<col width="24%" /> -<col width="50%" /> -<col width="24%" /> -</colgroup> - <tr> - <td class="bt bb">VOL. 1.</td> - <td class="bt bb center">NASHVILLE, TENN., NOVEMBER, 1905.</td> - <td class="bt bb right">NO. 2</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<h2 class="nobreak mt3" id="THE_UNAFRAID">THE UNAFRAID</h2> - -</div> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">Only the lion kings the land</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Who is whelped in the desert’s fire;</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Only the stallion lords the band</div> - <div class="verse indent2">With the hoof unsmirched with mire.</div> - <div class="verse indent0">The peak for the eagle to preen and to dream—</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Only the game fish swims up stream.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">Only the ocean carries a sail</div> - <div class="verse indent2">That foams to the blizzard’s breath;</div> - <div class="verse indent0">The silent seas that sleep and quail</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Are a-creep with the curse of death.</div> - <div class="verse indent0">The sky for the rocket to glow and to gleam—</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Only the game fish swims up stream.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">Only the stars are suns which burn</div> - <div class="verse indent2">By the heat of their own heart’s light;</div> - <div class="verse indent0">The million worlds which round them turn</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Float dead in a nebulous night.</div> - <div class="verse indent0">The meteor’s burst is its funeral beam—</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Only the game fish swims up stream.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">Only the man is made for fame—</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Ocean and eagle and sun—</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Whose soul, by Fate, is dipt in flame</div> - <div class="verse indent2">And winged with the winners who run.</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Fame for the Faithful—death for the dead—</div> - <div class="verse indent0">The peak and the star for the Unafraid!</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse right"><span class="smcap">John Trotwood Moore.</span></div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_62"></a>[62]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="Solomon">Solomon</h2> - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">By John Trotwood Moore</span></p> - -<p class="center smaller">(Author of “Ole Mistis,” “Songs and Stories From Tennessee,” “A Summer Hymnal,” etc.)</p> - -</div> - -<p class="dropcap">Chickamauga Creek had no place -on the map until September, ’63. -Then it ran blood and became history. -For it takes blood to make history.</p> - -<p>When Bragg went to pieces two months -later, after the shambles of Missionary -Ridge, Hooker’s Corps was the pack -turned loose to harry him out of the valley. -They rushed thoughtlessly—Hooker’s -hounds always did—and the foremost -quickly paid the tax which Rashness -pays to Reason. Cleburne, the rebel -general, who brought up the rear of -Bragg’s army, turned, wolf-like, at a gap -in the mountains and cut to pieces the -hound that had outstripped the pack in -its zeal to snap at harried haunches. -The hound whimpered and fell back, but -not before Cleburne had shingled the -sides of the mountain with the dead of -the Yankee army.</p> - -<p>The General who claimed the cut-up -regiment was mad, and as he rode, with -his staff, to the front, he was swearing -in a deep, jerky, guttural voice. He -stopped to look at the bloody gap, the -lusty, voiceless, blue-coated forms, lying -so weirdly unnatural—as trees when the -hurricane has passed: “Mountain gaps—they -are little traps of hell,” he kept -repeating, and he spurred on for a guide—to -a cracker cabin higher up on the -mountain side.</p> - -<p>The General rode a clean-limbed, loosely-ribbed, -long-back thoroughbred, fresh -from a blue grass paddock in Middle -Tennessee. For he was weak on horse-flesh, -and had impressed this scion of a -Derby winner before Rosecrans went -North.</p> - -<p>Two mountaineers stood in the cabin -yard. One was middle-aged, sullen-eyed -and stooped, but standing six feet with -the stoop. He leaned on an unmounted -axe-helm, and as he stood slouching, -long armed, bowed in the legs, his hairy -chest gleaming through open shirt front, -he looked not unlike a great gorilla, -brought to bay with uprooted club in -his hands.</p> - -<p>The other man was not much more -than a boy, except in size. He was -larger, bigger chested, bigger fisted, and -his wonder-haunted, kindly face wore a -smile instead of a scowl. Never before -had he seen the flag which one of the -officers carried. Never such a horse as -the one ridden by the man in front—never -such a horse, and how he did love -horses!</p> - -<p>But the thoroughbred shied at the sight -of the bearded man and sprang sideways, -snorting, and wheeled to run. The boy’s -face broke over in a quizzical, familiar -grin, and he drawled exultantly:</p> - -<p>“Say, Mister, whut yo ridin’ there?” -The man turned sullenly and knocked -him down with the axe-helm. He -went down helplessly and with a subdued -surprise in his blue eyes. The man -did not turn his body, but stood indifferently, -watching him slowly arising, -wiping the blood from his forehead and -whimpering like a struck cub:</p> - -<p>“Ef mammy hadn’t tuck an’ went an’ -died—I promised mammy I’d nurver -strike ye, dad.” He blew the blood from -his nose and stood scratching one leg -with the bare foot of the other, whimpering -still, and dazed.</p> - -<p>“Solomon Hosea Hanks, ye’re a blatherin’ -yearlin’ an’ ’ll allers be one. Ain’t -I knocked ye down often fur buttin’ in -ye horns befo’ ye’re axed up to the -trough?”</p> - -<p>He was talking to the boy, but saying -it for the men in front: “Gentlemen, -’light an’ look at yer saddles. I’m jes -teachin’ the lad some manners—you hafter -teach ’em to some folks with a -club.”</p> - -<p>The boy suddenly straightened up. -Half defiantly, and with quick eagerness, -he leaped across the path where sat the -color-bearer. He stopped beneath the -flag and began to fondle it as a child -would—the pretty stars, the gold cord -that fell from the eagle above: “Ye’ll -nurver knock me down ag’in, Dad. Ye’re -a g’erriller an’ ye know it, an’ ye wanter<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_63"></a>[63]</span> -make me one, but I’ve seen my country’s -colors to-day an’ I’m goin’ ter jine.”</p> - -<p>He turned to the group: “I know whut -you want, Mister-men, an’ I’ll lead you -over the mount’in ef you’ll let me jine. -’Taint uverbody I’ll let knock me down”—he -wagged his head at the man with -whimpering apology—“promised mammy -afo’ she tuck an’ went an’ died I’d nurver -strike him”—</p> - -<p>A rattling volley of shots rang out -across the mountain, down in the next -valley. They were echoed back, then -shouts, and when the General wheeled, -the boy had struck out toward the firing, -his tough, bare feet crounching the gravel -as he strode on in his shambling way. -They followed him, but could not overtake -the long, swinging trot in the -crooked path amid the boulders and clay -roots. On a projection beyond the ridge -he stopped, calling back to the man:</p> - -<p>“Far’well, Dad—you’ll nurver see me -aga’in onless I hear you’ve beat little -Dinah Mariah—then I’ll come back an’ -forgit I urver had a mammy.” He shook -his great fist at the man still standing -immovable, then: “Come on, Mister-men—Bragg’s -a good dog, but Holdfas’ is -better.”</p> - -<p>And that is how Solomon came into the -camp of the Tenth.</p> - -<p>He led them to the firing line, where -the General suddenly found plenty to do. -So much that he forgot Solomon until -the brigade went into camp five miles -further, on the trail of the retreating -enemy. Then Solomon staggered in -through the darkness to the camp fire -carrying a half dead Confederate on -his back. He laid the man down on a -bed of leaves near the mess tent of the -Tenth. He lifted the helpless head very -tenderly and gave him water while the -stricken one kept whispering, “Water—more -water—for God’s sake—and death!”</p> - -<p>The staff had been laughing and swearing -before, with tin cups full of mountain -whisky. For they were tired, and -death had sprung up so often and so -suddenly that day from batteries and -trenches and mountain gorges; and from -still, restful copses of silent woods, peaceful -and inviting, until—Spit! Spit!—and -the rattlesnake of sharp-shooting rifles -spat out the virus which had put comrades -and mess-mates to sleep. But now -the silence and the night fell from the -deep treetops together. That dying man -in the camp, that strange, solemn giant -of the woods—</p> - -<p>The General, his tin cup half emptied, -spoke first, in a voice strangely soft, -the staff thought, for the old fighter:</p> - -<p>“Any kin to you, Solomon—the man -there?”</p> - -<p>“He’s mighty nigh to me—mighty -nigh.”</p> - -<p>“Ah—sorry—sorry. And who is he?”</p> - -<p>“Jes’ my brother, that’s all.”</p> - -<p>“Oh, too bad—sorry—sorry”—and the -staff muttered the echo.</p> - -<p>Then the General put down his cup, -went over and glanced at the man. He -stepped back quickly and hastily drained -the tin cup: “Nasty fix, Solomon—sorry—but -we’ll do what we can for him. -When did you see him last?”</p> - -<p>“Nurver seed him befo’—but thar’s -hund’erds of ’em—all our brothers, ’specially -when we’ve shot ’em an’ they’re -helpless an’ dyin’.”</p> - -<p>The General winced and turned quickly -to the fire. The staff went after another -drink. Solomon’s eye fell on the mess -table—the supper set forth and waiting; -then Solomon fell on the supper. Between -mouthfuls he growled out:</p> - -<p>“You fellers orter be ashamed o’ yerselves -to shoot a man’s innards out like -that. I found him three miles beyant -the mount’in whar you-uns fit thar this -mornin’ an’ I fetch’t him over on my -back.”</p> - -<p>That reminded him. He picked up -some hardtack and bacon and started -toward the groaning man. Then he -stopped, disappointed: “Whut’s the use—he’s -got no whur to put it. You-uns -done shot his innards out. The fust -lickin’ Dad gin me was fur shootin’ a -b’ar in ther innards.”</p> - -<p>He sat down again and ate everything -in sight. The General and staff got busy -at something else. Solomon gave the -dying man another drink and began looking -around like a huge bear-dog for a -spot to roll up on, and sleep. He found -it in the General’s blanket, his huge feet -sticking out, bunion covered and black. -They thought he was asleep and coming -quietly back one by one, sat down, and<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_64"></a>[64]</span> -were eating in silence when a shock of -hair blurred up out of the blanket:</p> - -<p>“Say, Mister-men, but ain’t war hell -sho’ nuff? But tell the boys not to shoot -ther Innards out—’taint fair.” Then he -slept.</p> - -<p>The General waited till he heard him -snoring: “Major, if you happen to lose -him to-morrow in the first skirmish—really, -I don’t think we need him, Major?” -The Major was sure they did not—so -were the others.</p> - -<p>They made the dying man as comfortable -as they could, the General sparing -his own warm rain-coat for the limbs -now rapidly chilling. But his groans -kept them awake: “Water—water—oh, -God—water and death—kill me, somebody!”</p> - -<p>The cry fell out of the silence with -the starlight, mingling strangely with -the shivering wail of a screech owl—so -uncannily mingling that they seemed -as one.</p> - -<p>It was nearly midnight when the General -saw the foot withdrawn, the big -form arise and slouch over to the dying -man: “Water—water—and, oh, for God’s -sake—have mercy and kill me.”</p> - -<p>Solomon tenderly lifted the gasping -lips to the canteen: “Do yo’ means it—want -me to kill ye sho’ nuff, brother?”</p> - -<p>The man’s eyes were beseeching as he -gasped: “I——can’t——live——death -every——minute——put me——out -of misery—God will——reward you.”</p> - -<p>Solomon’s eyes were wet with tears. -His great pitying heart thumped loudly: -“How, brother? Whut with?”</p> - -<p>The dying man nodded at a bayonetted -rifle near by: “That——push that——through -my heart——quick!”</p> - -<p>The General arose just in time. Solomon, -with a strange sob in his throat, -stood over the man, the gun poised, -the bayonet’s point—</p> - -<p>“My God, Solomon!”—and he grasped -the descending gun by the barrel. “This -is murder—I’ll have you shot!” The -giant turned on him astonished: “He -cyant live—you-uns shot him to pieces. -That’s war. I put him out o’ his misery—that’s -murder. Strange—strange! -Brother,” he stooped and whispered regretfully -to the man, who beseeched him -with fixed, unwinking eyes, “Brother, I’d -do it—God knows I’d like ter ’commodate -yer, but ye heurn yo’self.” Still lower: -“But say, brother, ef you fin’ ye cyant -stan’ it no longer—when they sleep—call -Solomon—an’ I’ll sho’ ’commodate -you in this. God bless ye.”</p> - -<p>Later there was a rigid stiffening and -gasps among the leaves and Solomon -knew there was no need for his bayonet.</p> - -<p>The next morning when the General -arose, Solomon had fed and rubbed down -Ajax, the thoroughbred. He stood talking -to himself—he had forgotten the -war: “Whut a hoss—whut legs—whut -muscles, like bees a swarming! I’ve -allers dreamed o’ keerin’ fur sech!” He -turned to the General: “I’ll take keer o’ -him from now on.” The General was -touched and when he shook Solomon’s -hand the bond was sealed.</p> - -<p>“How long have you been up, Solomon?”</p> - -<p>“Two hours b’ day—Gen’l.” It was -the first time he had used the word and -the old fighter inwardly scored one more -point for the horse—that could prune the -pride of the mountaineer—he who knew -no titles, no superior.</p> - -<p>“Ye see, Gen’l, forgot yistiddy to kiss -Dinah Mariah good-bye. She’s the little -deef-mute mammy lef’ befo’ she tuck an’ -went an’ died. I raised her—gi’n her -urver rappin she had ’cep the milk she -drunk, an’ wish’t I c’ud er gi’n her that. -Dad’s been so tarnel mean to her. D’ye -know I had an idee that he wanted ter -put her out o’ the way? So I steps back -over the mount’in an into the cabin whur -they all sleeps—all ’leven on ’em. But -ye know I couldn’t kiss ’er good-bye, -seein’ ’er sleepin’ thar so sweet?” He -struck savagely at his eyes with his big-knuckled -fist. “But I fetched this—I’ve -jined fur the war an’ I wants my own -gun—don’t like ther blunderbusses you-uns -shoots. This un’s a Deckerd—been -thro’ ther Revolushun, an’ with Ole Hickory -at New ’leans. It’s fittin’ fur it to -fit ag’in fur the Union. Thar—see!” and -he pointed the gun high up at the limb -of a big oak.</p> - -<p>The General saw nothing until the -great flint and steel snapped together -like the jaws of an alligator, and he had -a tender but headless fox squirrel for -his breakfast, cooked, later, by Solomon’s<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_65"></a>[65]</span> -own hand. “An’ I don’t shoot ther innards -out, nurther,” he growled.</p> - -<p>“You needn’t lose him, Major,” chuckled -the general, as he pulled off a succulent -hind limb, roasted on a green stick-spittle -over a pit of coals. The Major -having the mate of it in his own mouth, -could not speak, but nodded vigorously.</p> - -<p>A hard winter and deadly fighting between -Missionary Ridge and Atlanta: -but Solomon enlivened it for the Tenth. -For he was their brother and his quaint -sayings became their intellectual stock -in trade. For instance: “The —— Iowa -flickered at Dug’s Creek. Then they -sulked.” They had done it before. “What -shall I do with them?” snarled the General -that night in camp. Solomon -drawled in:</p> - -<p>“’Pint ’em ter bury ther dead—they’re -nat’ul born pallbearers. I’ve seed lots -o’ folks that was.”</p> - -<p>When old Tecumseh Sherman heard -of this he offered to promote Solomon to -a corporalcy:</p> - -<p>“Nun—no,” said Solomon, “then I’d -hafter wear boots an’ a unerform. An’ -say, them thar unerforms you-uns wear -meks you-uns look jes lak them little -flyin’ stink-ants that swarms out in the -spring. God didn’t inten’ no two fol’ks -ter be alike. Es fur boots, they fus’ jes -make yer feet tender an’ then wears out. -I’ve got on a pa’r thet nurver wears out.”</p> - -<p>He figured next in a horse race with -a Kentucky regiment which was first -unwise enough to cast aspersions on the -speed of Ajax and then bold enough to -back them with the long green. It was -a great race run between two lines of -howling blue. “Nurver bet agin natur’,” -said Solomon dryly, as he pocketed all -the money of the Republic which the -unwise Kentuckians had. “Ajax is by -natur’ a horse an’ your’n ain’t.”</p> - -<p>For a week after that the Tenth indulged -in vain and effeminate luxuries.</p> - -<p>Spring brought the fighting and the -tragedy—of the latter, Solomon was the -ink.</p> - -<p>They made him color-bearer—he was -so strong, and it was so easy to see him -in his coon-skin cap, his Deckerd strapped -to his back. For he would not lay -it down even while carrying the flag. -At Resaca he took the colors through -balls which came thick enough to stop a -bluebird. Mines cut the tail from his -cap, a buck-and-ball cleared one foot of -bunions, and canister carried his canteen -bodily from his body; but in the -thick of it he yelled out savagely at the -General: “Say, thar, Gen’l, get out o’ -thar on that hoss! You mout get ’im -hurt!”</p> - -<p>He spent the next week nursing the -wounded enemy: “For ain’t they our -brothers?” he asked, and the scoffers -in blue were silent.</p> - -<p>A beautiful valley beyond Resaca and -Solomon had never seen such rich land. -A grand mansion in the valley and Solomon -had never seen such a house. The -General had pitched his camp near by. -A thousand other camps dotted the valleys -and hills. A hundred battle flags -fluttered from their staffs. There was -planning, priming; trenches crept across -the hills in the night, like mole-paths -in a garden, and the valleys were billowed -with them, cannon crowned and -picketed with steel. They would give -little Joe his death blow.</p> - -<p>Solomon stood sentinel that night by -the big house on the lawn. It was never -the color-bearer’s duty to stand sentinel—but -“Yer see, Gen’l, Ajax is stalled -right over thar beyant, an’ them brothers -o’ our’n from Kentucky loves a good -hoss.”</p> - -<p>It was past midnight and the army was -asleep. There was a light suspiciously -faint in the window of the big house. -Solomon slipped up and peeped in -through a blind slat, awry. He stepped -back blushing, ashamed that he had -peeped. He picked up his Deckerd. The -light went out and the door opened silently -and a handsome man dressed in -citizens’ clothes kissed a Beautiful One -good-bye. Then he slipped out into the -dark and mounted a horse hid so securely -as to surprise Solomon, with his keen -mountain eyes.</p> - -<p>“Halt, thar, brother, an’ gin the countersign.”</p> - -<p>Pistol shots buzzing from the cylinder -of Colt, and that quick grapple -of horse hoofs in the gravel which -tells of a rowel driven in suddenly; then<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_66"></a>[66]</span> -the sound of a flying horse through the -lane.</p> - -<p>Silence, then quaintly as if talking to -himself: “A cyclone spiked with hell-fire! -Solomon, yer nurver had so narrow -a shave—yer’ll be keerful ther nex’ -time yer brother a gatlin’-gun buckled to -a thoroughbred.”</p> - -<p>The girl clutched the window—white -and with eyes lit with flashes of the -weird starlight. It seemed a half hour -to Solomon before he heard her give a -rippling, cut-off laugh, and the dawn -sprang to her cheeks as the starlight -went out of her eyes. High up on the -mountain she had seen what Solomon -had not—a splinter of light leap out of -the heart of the mountain beyond the -picket lines. Solomon was still watching -her—so strangely fascinated that he -had not noticed the blood running down -his arm. She closed the window with a -happy laugh, and Solomon felt that it -was now night—all around him.</p> - -<p>And so the spell of the big house was -upon Solomon and he begged to stand -guard next day. It was early and he -stood silent before the splendor of the -house, the marble steps, the big, hooded -gables, then—</p> - -<p>“God! she’s comin’!”</p> - -<p>He turned—no, he was a sentinel—he -could not run. She wore white—fluffy -and airy in the warm June morning. -Above—</p> - -<p>“Molasses candy hair,” said Solomon, -licking his mouth, “an’, oh, Lord, Black-Eyed-Susan -eyes!”</p> - -<p>He thought again of running. Then of -the wild fawn that once ran to meet him, -off in the mountain woods, so innocent -that it knew not that death dwelt with -man.</p> - -<p>He slipped behind a tree. Never before -had he been ashamed of his bare -feet. He peeped out—she was still coming—no, -she had come, and he turned -pale and his knees trembled, for there -she stood smiling as only an angel could, -and holding something out to him:</p> - -<p>“I know you must be hungry, and it -is so good of you to guard our house. -Now, please let me serve you your breakfast.”</p> - -<p>Off came his coon-skin cap. Her smile, -her eyes made him homesick. He saw -the summer lightning playing at midnight -around the peaks of Tiger Head. -Then tears welled which made him hate -himself—him a soldier of the Tenth—and -he slipped farther around the tree. She -was serious instantly, and her beautiful -eyes had sized him up—gratitude, homesickness, -all—and when she peeped -around the tree again—after awhile, and -he had had time to brace himself, she -laughed a musical, comrady laugh, and—</p> - -<p>“Now, please don’t be offended, for I -should love so much to be your friend.”</p> - -<p>Again the homesickness. That laugh, -that voice—it was the silver ripple of -Telulah Falls under the white stars of -the mountain. That meant home and -Dinah Mariah. Trembling, dazed and -choking with the swelling that made him -wish to do something—to do something -grand for once in his life, he tried to -speak, but ended in bringing his Deckerd -to present arms. She laughed, saluting -him in turn with a saucy military flash -of her pretty hand.</p> - -<p>“Miss—Miss”—</p> - -<p>“Nellie,” she said, sympathetically, -helping him out.</p> - -<p>“Do they—breed ’em—all like you-uns -down here?”</p> - -<p>She laughed and handed him the plate. -Solomon knew the ham, but did not -know what the rolls and the orange -were. His hand touched hers—he fumbled -and dropped the plate: “God, but -I thort I—I teched fire!”</p> - -<p>“Oh!” and the hurt look made Solomon -wish to fight something for her -sake—“but I’ll soon be back with more.” -She turned with a pretty gesture.</p> - -<p>“Don’t—don’t,” he called, “send it by -a nigger. Who can eat with a angel -lookin’?” She laughed so heartily at -this that Solomon was soon himself. -When she brought him another plate he -forgot everything except he had seen -her, that at last into his life something -had come. He wished very much to impress -her—to say something grand, but -everything he tried to say ended in a -brag—so unusual for Solomon:</p> - -<p>“I was heah las’ night a-guardin’ you-uns, -an’ I come mighty nigh killin’ a -man.”</p> - -<p>“Oh!”—and the fun went out of her<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_67"></a>[67]</span> -eyes. “I am so grateful to you. Did—did—he -hurt you when he fired?”</p> - -<p>All the brag went out of him. Not -for the world would he have her know -that.</p> - -<p>“No—but—it was a narrow shave.”</p> - -<p>“I am so glad—you see he—was—my -brother.”</p> - -<p>“Sho’ nuff?” and Solomon guffawed. -Somehow it relieved him so to know -he was only a brother. “Wal, now, how -strange! But the Gen’l was tellin’ us -’bout a Johnny Scout in here, a tall feller -in citizens’ clothes. Oh, he’s played -the devil with us. He knows our plans -better’n we do. We ’low we s’prise little -Joe at Dug’s Gap, but little Joe s’prises -us. Then we ’low we’ll trap him at -Resaca an’ swing round on his flank. But -he come nigh trappin’ us. We laid for -him mighty keerful at New Hope an’ -saunt Howard to turn his flank. He -turned our’n. It’s all that’r scout, and -so the Gen’l sed when he saunt me out -las’ night: “Solomon, shoot anything in -citizens’ clothes that tries to buck our -lines. Kill him fust an’ ax him whur -he’s goin’ after’uds.” So when he steps -out las’ night—that brother er your’n—I -was right thar watchin’, an’ I flung -up my old Deckerd an’ I drawed a bead -on him—it was all so plain, him outlined -in the starlight. But he looked so han’sum -a-settin a hoss so lak Ajax thet I -sed: ”No, I’ll not shoot him—he’s somebody’s -brother. An’ sho’ nuff he was -your’n!”</p> - -<p>The girl turned white, then pink. Tears -came to her eyes, the sight of which -made Solomon’s jaws set in stern decision. -He pitied her, thinking of Dinah -Mariah—his sister. He swelled savagely: -“Say, but don’t you cry. I’ll lick arry -man that ’ud hurt yo’ brother!”</p> - -<p>“That is so sweet of you,” she said -softly.</p> - -<p>“Then I fetched my piece down an’ -axed him fur the countersign an’—wal,” -he nodded his head up and down meaningly—“I -got it!” He rolled up his sleeve -and showed the red furrow of another -across his arm.</p> - -<p>“Oh, I am so sorry—do—do come in -and let mamma and me dress it.”</p> - -<p>Solomon laughed: “Now, don’t bother -’bout it, Miss—yo’ bein’ sorry has already -cured it. I’d have it dressed but -Gen’l ’ud find out an’ say I was a fool fur -not shootin’.”</p> - -<p>But she dressed it—she and a stately -White-haired one, bringing the salve and -bandages out to his beat; and when -they had finished and the smarting pain -had ceased, Solomon belonged to them.</p> - -<p>Then came the strange change in Solomon. -He did not know what it meant. -Why he put on the uniform, the cavalry -boots and the big spurs. Why he wanted -to strut and swell in the pride of his -six feet three, when the old General -blurted out:</p> - -<p>“Solomon, damned if you ain’t real -handsome—what’s come over you?”</p> - -<p>“Gen’l—Gen’l, I dunno—but I finds myse’f -struttin’ jes like a wood-cock in -the spring.”</p> - -<p>“Oho,” laughed the General, “look out, -Solomon.”</p> - -<p>That was all open—seen of all men. -But secretly, silently, painfully—in the -depths of his great soul something stirred -within him that he told to no man, for -he knew not what it was. What it did -he knew: “God, it lifts me out o’ the -clay o’ myse’f!”</p> - -<p>Never had he been so happy. Ride? -He could ride Ajax over a whole regiment. -He could lick Johnston’s whole -army. “An’ the cu’is part, Solomon—yer -fool—you are wantin’ to fight outwardly, -but in’ardly you are cryin’ all the time.”</p> - -<p>It hurt him when he saw her. He was -sorry when she brought him his meals; -he got behind a tree and wept when she -left, and in this state he stopped one -day and turned white: “God, mebbe it’s -that thar blin’ staggers I’ve got—that I -heur’n so o’ fo’ks havin’ in the rich -valleys.” The dreadful blind staggers he -had heard of all his life—that never -came to those high up in the pure air -of the mountain! He was sure they -had him.</p> - -<p>It was the third day and twilight, and -when she came out, bringing his supper, -the red ribbon in the white of her gown, -her dark eyes above, made him think -of the tiger lilies that grew by Telulah. -He pretended not to see her and when<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_68"></a>[68]</span> -she blocked his path with a pretty smile -and salute, he feigned astonishment:</p> - -<p>“Law, but I thort the moon had riz!”</p> - -<p>“Oh, you are a poet, Solomon, and a -dreadful flatterer,” but she laughed in -so pleased a way that Solomon swelled -up in his great chest and blew deep and -long, snorting it out, to loosen the great -hurting feeling that was there. Then, -too, he had seen Ajax do it with the thunder -of battle in his nostrils.</p> - -<p>She sat on the stump before him, kicking -her slippered heels against the rough -bark and watching him so keenly with -measuring, wistful eyes.</p> - -<p>“Solomon, I have been thinking, and -mother and I want you to come in the -house and hear my music. You have -been so good to us and we are so fond -of you.” She jumped down, took his -hand and led him. It burned him—it -made him gasp for breath, yet all he -could do was to follow.</p> - -<p>And the house—never before had he -seen splendor. They had trouble persuading -him to step on the rugs and to -walk on the carpets. But the sweet-faced, -white-haired lady came graciously -forward and shook his hand which made -him feel better. Then the Angel sat -down before something Solomon had -never seen and—</p> - -<p>They both stood over him ten minutes -afterwards, for he was sitting on a sofa -weeping:</p> - -<p>“’Scuse me—no—no, ’taint my wounded -arm—it’s that’r thing over thar that’s -waked up the cat birds in the roderdendrums -at home, an’ I heurd the water -failin’ over Telulah an’ the wind at midnight -in Devil’s Gorge, an’ I nurver -knowed befo’ whut little Dinah Mariah -had missed bein’ a deef-mute an’—so—it -sot me ter bellerin’ this away.”</p> - -<p>They were very gentle with him after -that, and more gracious, and when the -Angel played another piece full of dash -and jig and rosened-bow and thunder, -he stood it until the blood began to boil -under his hair and they found him again -in the middle of the floor shouting:</p> - -<p>“Hurrah, boys! Lord, but can’t he -run? Come home, Ajax!” “’Scuse me—’scuse -me—Mrs.—Mrs.—Angul—” after -he came to himself—“but—but—she -plays that thing ’zactly like Ajax runs.”</p> - -<p>It was the greatest day that had ever -come into his life, and when he left to go -back to his beat he proclaimed exultingly -to the White-haired one that it was -“Christmas, an’ hog-killin’ an’ heav’n all -rolled into one.”</p> - -<p>It was twilight when she came out on -the lawn, dressed in white with ribbons -in her hair. When he turned she had -perched herself on her favorite stump -and was beckoning him to sit by her. -Trembling, weak he obeyed, his great -arm touching hers, which thrilled him -so that pains shot into his wounds. She -was silent, looking at him with the same -wistful, doubting eyes of the morning. -He had seen them before, in camp, when -the boys gambled and their month’s pay -was at stake, holding a card aloft uncertain -whether to cast or not. And how -they held him—those eyes of hers with -the tragedy in them!</p> - -<p>“Solomon, you know how we love you, -mamma and I.” He sat mute with bowed -head. “And Solomon, if I trust you—if -I tell you—will you never betray?”</p> - -<p>“Whut—like that’r Judas I onct heurn -of the time I went to meetin’?” She -nodded. It hurt him. “I can’t betray—It -ain’t in me,” he said simply.</p> - -<p>“Forgive me, Solomon. I knew it,” -and she put her hand in his just as -Dinah Mariah had so often done, except -that this made his heart beat so it bothered -his breathing and unlike Dinah -Mariah’s he could not—she being an -angel—clasp it in turn. “Now, Solomon, -my brother is coming to-night—he will -slip in yonder,” and she pointed to a -by road leading through shrubbery to a -side gate. “You are not to see him, -Solomon, and you are to let him out the -same way after we have fed him. For -he is hungry, Solomon, and in great danger—been -surrounded and hiding for -days—they are on his trail. Your men, -you know, have killed his horse”—(Solomon -winced—it hurt him to hear of a -horse being killed)—“and, Solomon, this -is the only way he can get out—can save -his life—for—for, Solomon, they are to -take him dead or alive.” She had ceased -to smile. Tears were in her eyes and<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_69"></a>[69]</span> -Solomon’s great hand closed over her little -one.</p> - -<p>“So he’p me God, I’ll nurver pester -him!”</p> - -<p>“And when he is ready to go—to try -to escape, oh, Solomon, you will stand -by us—with Ajax ready?”</p> - -<p>He started—he jumped from his seat. -“Not Ajax—any critter we got but Ajax.”</p> - -<p>“Oh, Solomon, they cannot run—it’s—it’s—Ajax -or death for him.”</p> - -<p>She was weeping, her head on his -great shoulder, clinging to his arm, the -perfume of her hair going into the soul -of him like the odor of wild grape blossoms -after the spring rains in Dingley -Dell. “Will you—will you, Solomon; oh, -save him for me!”</p> - -<p>“So he’p me God, I will—he bein’ yo’ -brother—my brother.”</p> - -<p>“You are my brother, Solomon—the -Brother of Nobility.”</p> - -<p>Silence. He sat holding her hand as -he would Dinah Mariah’s. “Will you—er—kiss -yo’ brother—when he gits here?”</p> - -<p>She blushed. “Don’t we always kiss -our brothers, Solomon?”</p> - -<p>He scratched his head thoughtfully. -“Awhile ago you made a remark -cal’k’lated ter sorter sot me to ’sposin’ -thet mebbe I mou’t also be yo’ brother—”</p> - -<p>There was a ripple from Telulah Falls, -the pressure of lips on his cheek, a whiff -of wild grape blossoms in the Dell, a -rustle of skirts up the path, and Solomon -sat breathing hard in silence.</p> - -<p>“Wal, ef lightnin’ ’ud only give us -notice when an’ whur it’s goin’ ter -strike!”</p> - -<p>In camp he heard news—strange news. -The whole army would strike next day, -for they had Johnston with his flank -wide open; would bag him if that scout -didn’t get back through the lines—Captain -Coleman, the daring rebel scout. -They had him surrounded now in a -thicket by the creek, the man they would -give a brigade for—he was theirs if the -pickets were careful.</p> - -<p>Then it all came over Solomon and -with it a blow that brought the great -strange man to dumbness. “I swore not -to betray her—not to be her Judas—oh, -God, enny body but thet white-livered, -snivelin’—” He heard the flag rustling -in the night air. He walked over, crept -under the folds, pressing it to his hot -cheeks, kissing and fondling it. “Judas! -Judas!—oh, my country’s colors.” He -looked across the night to the hills where -a thousand camp-fires twinkled in unbroken -lines of starry sentinels.</p> - -<p>“Ye’ve got so menny to defen’ ye,” he -said to the flag, “so menny twixt you an’ -death. An’ she—jes’ me—jes’ me!” He -sang low the song that had taken the -camp.</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">“I’ve seed him in the camp fires of a hunder’d circlin’ camps,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">They have builded him an altar in the evenin’ dews an’ damps—”</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - -<p>He stopped and looks at the living -scene before him—it was all so true. -Then lower still:</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">“He has sounded forth the trumpet thet shall nurver know retreat,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">He is siftin’ out the souls o’ men—”</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - -<p>He sprang up with a pain in his heart. -“Siftin’ out the Judases, an’, oh God, I’m a -Judas arry way you fix it! Why did you -fling me in this heah pit among the -wolves o’ war—away from my mount’in -home—from little Dinah Mariah?”</p> - -<p>When Solomon went back to his beat -he had slipped out Ajax, saddled, and -held him in the clump of orchard trees, -near the sweet window where the faint -light came out, that he knew shone also -over her and her brother. He held his -Deckerd proudly, for was he not all that -stood between her and death? He -swelled with the pride of it and that -queer sullen feeling that came over him -at times—that savage feeling he could -not understand—that made him willing to -kill—kill if—</p> - -<p>“They’d better not pester her,” he -growled as he heard the pickets go out -for their night’s duty.</p> - -<p>He heard them moving in the room. -Her brother was preparing to go. He -peeped and turned away his head. “Somehow -it riles me to see her brother kiss -her that away.” He tapped on the blind -saying softly: “Ready—ready.”</p> - -<p>“O, Solomon,” joyfully in a whisper, -“bless you; bless you!”</p> - -<p>“No Judas in mine, Angul.”</p> - -<p>He turned, for Ajax had thrust his -head over his keeper’s shoulder and the -man laid his cheek against it and his -lips had parted for the pet words which -he never uttered; for there was a noise<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_70"></a>[70]</span> -in the dark behind him and two soldiers -tried to rush by to the door of the -room.</p> - -<p>Solomon stopped them with his great -Deckerd at port. “Halt fus’ an’ give the -countersign,” he said, and he heard the -scream of a woman, the hurrying of feet -within.</p> - -<p>“Stand back, you fool, we are men of -the Tenth and we’ve got Coleman in -there.”</p> - -<p>“Stan’ back yerse’f—he’s her brother—my -brother.”</p> - -<p>There was a rush at him, into arms -which made them think of a mountain -bear, for he gathered them to his heart, -and the breath of them went out. In the -glare of the wide open door a girl stood -white-faced with tragedy. A man leaped -to the back of a horse and the swaying, -struggling group were baptized in a -shower of flying gravel. Shots and shouts -behind and the scud of a flying horse -into the night.</p> - -<p>“You damned traitor!” Solomon dropped -the two men in the paralysis of the -bayonet thrust that sank into his back.</p> - -<p>He quivered to the death stroke and -turned beseechingly to the man: “Shoot -me, quick, brother—in the heart—in the -breast—I’m no traitor, no Judas—she’ll -say I ain’t.” The man cocked his rifle -but the great head with the shock of long -hair had gone down and the girl stood between -them.</p> - -<p>“No—no—not Judas—she’ll swear I -ain’t.”</p> - -<p>She did not seem to notice them—her -beautiful head was turned side-wise listening -to the vanishing rhythm of flying -hoof beats. “O, Solomon, Solomon; will -they catch him?”</p> - -<p>“Whut—an’ him on Ajax? Ho-ho-oh,” -and the great chest, schooled to the -mountain halloo, echoed it for the last -time, like the sound of thunder among -the hollow gorges of the hills.</p> - -<p>Then joy, great, radiant joy in her -face, and with the returning glory of it -all—tenderness—tenderness and sorrow -for him. “Can I—O, Solomon—can I do -anything for you?” She sat by him, her -hand on the sweat-damp brow.</p> - -<p>“You mou’t—kiss—me ag’in—an’ ef—you—happen -to see—little Dinah Mariah—”</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">What doth it mean and whither tendeth,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">This life—this death—this world—the whirling stars?</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Why do we live to-day—to-morrow endeth</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Our half dreampt dream behind the twilight bars?</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 200px;"> -<img src="images/i_070.jpg" width="200" height="75" alt="" /> -</div> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_71"></a>[71]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="The_Phosphates_of_Tennessee">The Phosphates of Tennessee</h2> - -<p class="center">By <span class="smcap">H. D. Ruhm</span></p> - -<p class="note">Mr. Ruhm is one of the pioneers in -the phosphate field and his paper on this -subject is the work of an expert.—Ed.</p> - -</div> - -<p class="dropcap">The phosphates of Tennessee occur -chiefly, in fact, almost entirely, in -the strata representing the Silurian and -Devonian geological ages, or, more properly, -in the former, and in a transition -period between the two.</p> - -<p>The Silurian age was essentially the -age of shell fish, animals with their skeletons -entirely on the outside of their -bodies. The deposits of countless millions -of these shell fish and their remains -form the immense beds of limestone representing -the Silurian age. The composition -of these shell fish was carbonate -of calcium, or “lime,” and hence our -common limestones are calcium carbonate.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 700px;"> -<img src="images/i_071.jpg" width="700" height="450" alt="Fig. A. Fig. B." /> -</div> - -<p>The Devonian age was the age of fishes -or vertebrates, and owing to the need of -greater elasticity of their bones and -smaller weight, they are composed of -phosphate of calcium, or “lime.” Far -back in the Silurian age the “Hand that -fashioned all things well” began to change -some of these shell fish to provide for -the future order of things, so that their -outside skeletons, or shells, were composed -of phosphate of lime instead of -carbonate. These two commingling, the -resultant beds of rock became somewhat -phosphatic and formed the “phosphatic -limestones” of the Silurian age. In some -places the phosphate shells were in considerable -proportion, and subsequent erosion, -proper underground drainage and -leaching, dissolved out the carbonate of -lime to greater or less extent and left -the “brown phosphate” of the middle -basin, varying in grade according to the -preponderance of phosphate shells in the -original deposit and the extent of the -subsequent leaching. Meantime the -transition stage between the two ages -had been reached and the resulting deposit -spread over the central basin and -the highland rim in the form of a thin -blanket of varying thickness and quality -of the so-called blue rock, which is blue, -brown, gray and black, according to the -coloring matter present or absent, composed -of a preponderance of microscopic -shell fish with skeleton composed of -phosphate of lime, but mixed with enough -carbonate to make the resulting mass -vary from sixty-five per cent to as high -as eighty per cent calcium phosphate.</p> - -<p>The subsequent depression and deposit -of Devonian shales and subcarboniferous -beds and subsequent great pressure hardened -all these into rock, and about the -middle of the subcarboniferous age all -these were elevated above the surrounding<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_72"></a>[72]</span> -country, and while the rest of the -land was taking its turn in being formed -under the seas, this old central basin -was undergoing the wear and tear of -erosion that finally produced the “Dimple -of the Universe,” surrounded by its chain -of hills and ridges and flatwoods of the -highland rim.</p> - -<p>In the central basin where conditions -were favorable the intervening strata -between the blue rock and the phosphatic -limestones that were being converted -into “brown rock” were sometimes partly -and sometimes entirely washed away, -and the blanket of the blue rock, cracked -and broken into plates of the hardest and -most durable parts, settled down on the -brown rock, sometimes resting directly -on it and sometimes with a clay seam -left to represent the former intervening -strata.</p> - -<p>A glance at the illustrations will show -the process. Let Figure A represent the -deposit as it originally was before the -erosion and leaching started in.</p> - -<p>No. 1 represents the layer of blue -rock in its original position; 2 the layers -of limestone underneath; 3 the layers of -highly phosphatic limestone in suitable -condition for leaching; 4 the hard, insoluble -portions of the limestone, and 5 -the soluble portions of the limestone, -nonphosphatic.</p> - -<p>In Figure B, No. 5 has dissolved out -and disappeared. In No. 3, the carbonate -has leached out and it has separated into -laminations and falling into the places -left by No. 5, has assumed the jumbled -condition found in the dips between lime -boulders; No. 2 has dissolved down to -the clay seam so generally found, varying -in thickness from one or two inches -to two or three feet, and No. 1 has settled -down conforming to the general bottom -of 3 or top of 4, forming the top rock -generally prevalent in the brown rock -field.</p> - -<p>If the analysis of the original phosphatic -limestone was, say, 50 per cent -phosphate of lime, 38 per cent carbonate -and 12 per cent insoluble, and other matters, -and the leaching took out all the -soluble carbonate, the resulting mass -would be 80 per cent phosphate, which -is generally the analysis of the bottom -rock at Mt. Pleasant, or the “export,” -as it is termed. The top rock varies in -analysis from 65 to 80, just as the original -blue rock did.</p> - -<p>In the highland rim this process took -place only on the slopes of the narrow -creek valleys and occasionally in projecting -points, instead of over large areas -of country as in the central basin.</p> - -<p>In the portion of the highland rim -left intact the blue rock remains in place -as a general thing with its varying quality -and thickness, retaining its original -compact form and density.</p> - -<p>Occasionally, however, is found the -layer of blue rock resting immediately -on the layer of phosphatic limestone, -and where this is the case numerous -faults and dips occur, showing a similar -structure to the Mt. Pleasant formation -typified.</p> - -<p>Again, in the central basin or brown -rock region, the top erosion first disintegrated -and then partially took off the -upper layers of shale or flint, sometimes -entirely, sometimes leaving it from one -to forty feet thick, which accounts for -the varying overburden.</p> - -<p>In some places the limestone layers -were entirely soluble or reduced to clay -and some acid condition of soil water dissolved -the upper layers of phosphate and -redeposited it in the boulder and stalagmite -forms of the “white rock” found -in Perry and Decatur counties and near -Godwin, in Maury County, and the “boulder -rock” found everywhere to greater -or less extent but in especially heavy -deposits near Nashville on the McGavock -Place. These latter redeposit varieties -vary in analysis from 50 per cent to -as high as 90 per cent phosphate, and -are uncertain as far as the general variety -goes, though individual deposits varying -in extent from one to twenty or -thirty acres, are found of very uniform -quality.</p> - -<p>The first phosphate rock discovered -in Tennessee was the kidney formation -that almost always attends the blue rock -and black shale deposit. The eminent -physician, naturalist, botanist and geologist, -Dr. Gattinger, of Nashville, of revered -and beloved memory, was first to -recognize these as phosphate rock, but -being much more interested in determining -the family and pedigree of some new<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_73"></a>[73]</span> -beetle or plant than in the commercial -aspect of any mineral proposition, he -never gave his discovery to the world, -and only by his casual mention of the -fact one day to Will Shirley and Maj. W. -J. Whitthorne, of Columbia, are we able -to give him credit for the knowledge. -Dr. Safford, in his “Geology of Tennessee,” -describes in detail both the blue -and brown rocks geologically, referring -to the blue rock as a blue fossiliferous -limestone nearly always occurring under -the Devonian shale; but no chemical investigations -being provided for, he did -not find out that it was a phosphate -rock. Major Whitthorne and Mr. Shirley -kept up a systematic hunt for a deposit -of commercial value and finally the former -located one on upper Swan Creek -simultaneously with the discovery made -lower down the same creek by Messrs. -Bates and Childs. These latter gentlemen -were insistent that the black shale, -commonly called slate rock, so abundant -in the highland rim country, was a form -of, or indicative of the proximity of, coal, -and at regularly recurring intervals they -would send in particularly promising -looking samples to Professor Wharton, -of Nashville, for analysis. One day they -dropped into their bag of samples a piece -of blue rock which they informed Professor -Wharton was nearly always present -under the “slate,” and seemed to -be a “bloom.” What was their astonishment -to receive from Professor Wharton -the report that their coal was still worthless, -but that their bloom was phosphate -rock, analyzing over 70 per cent. This -was in December, 1893, and like the news -of William Tell in Switzerland, of old, -“From hill to hill the summons flew,” -and the whole country went phosphate -and option mad.</p> - -<p>Lack of transportation and timidity of -capital, coupled with the large amount -of territory occupied by the deposit and -the numerous parties holding properties -caused the development to be spasmodic -and comparatively small and scattered, -and in consequence the price soon fell -from $4.25 per ton f. o. b. Aetna, which -was the first sale, made by the old Southwestern -Phosphate Co., to $2.25 per ton, -which was the price at which blue rock -guaranteed 65 per cent was sold in 1896, -being just a small margin over the cost -of production and hauling to the railroad.</p> - -<p>In January, 1896, at a time when negotiations -were on foot for the sale of a -large tract of blue rock land on Swan -Creek, Mr. S. Q. Weatherly, former -county judge, and prior to that county -surveyor of Lewis County, while on a -trip to Mt. Pleasant, noticed the peculiar -brown rock in the ditch at the roadside -on the W. S. Jennings’ farm west of Mt. -Pleasant, and being interested in minerals, -picked up a piece of it. Noticing the -analagous appearance to the weathered -blue rock, which is generally brown on -the surface, he dropped it in his buggy. -On his return to Swan Creek, he showed -it to Mr. Harry Arnold and Col. D. B. -Cooper, who were interested in the negotiations -above mentioned. These gentlemen -had it analyzed and finding it -to be 75 per cent phosphate rock, induced -Mr. Weatherly to say nothing about it -until after their deal was consummated. -Associated with these gentlemen was -also Mr. W. J. Webster, and during the -time from January to July, 1896, when -the negotiations for the sale of the blue -rock properties were finally closed, they -ascertained partially the extent of the -Mt. Pleasant brown rock field.</p> - -<p>When their “big trade” was made they -formed the firm of H. I. Arnold & Co., -bought two and one-half acres of land -from Mr. Mumford Smith, ostensibly for -a calf lot for Mt. Pleasant’s present genial -mayor, Mr. W. D. Cooper, leased at -a royalty of ten cents per ton a few -acres from Mr. Cooper and a few from a -darky named Tom Smith, got an option -from Mrs. M. G. Frierson on the present -Columbian & Blue Grass Hills, and commenced -mining rock and putting it on the -cars at a cost of about eighty-five cents -per ton. This rock, without preparation, -ran 75 per cent instead of 65 per cent, -but whereas the blue rock had never -run higher than 3 per cent I. & A., this -rock ran, in the state they shipped it, -from 4½ to 6 per cent I. & A.</p> - -<p>Of course the manufacturers had -bought blue rock for $2.25, and knew -they were getting it at very nearly the -cost of production, and when they saw -the “snap” the miner had, they took the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_74"></a>[74]</span> -stick this excess of I. & A. gave them -and proceeded to beat the price down -with it until $1.25 and eventually $1.00 -per ton were common prices.</p> - -<p>Capitalists were rendered more timid -than ever before, and even astute phosphate -man that he was Col. D. B. Cooper -threw up both hands and quit. He said, -“Boys, if that is phosphate, the whole -basin of Middle Tennessee is full of it, -and it will never be worth mining, as every -farmer will pick it up off the ground -and haul it to the railroad.”</p> - -<p>Mr. John S. O’Neal, in a paper presented -to the Engineering Association of -the South, as late as 1897, said, “the -owner of a bed of phosphate rock, is -not as well off as the owner of a sand -bank, given the same proximity to -market.”</p> - -<p>The poor fellows in the phosphate business, -however, couldn’t get out, and kept -digging away, until gradually capital -decided it was worth buying the lands -after all, and as a result nearly $2,000,000 -has been paid for property in the Mt. -Pleasant field, about $500,000 in other -portions of Maury County, and over -$1,000,000 for property in the counties -of Decatur, Perry, Lewis, Hickman, Giles, -Williamson, Davidson and Sumner. Rock -has gradually advanced in price until -now 65 per cent blue rock sells at from -$2.60 to $2.80 per ton, 75 per cent brown -rock at from $3.10 to $3.60 per ton and -78 per cent domestic (4½ I. & A.) at -$3.75 to $4.00, while 78 per cent export -rock with 3 to 4 per cent I. & A. sells -for from $4.00 to $4.25 per ton.</p> - -<p>As the prices have increased the cost -of production has increased for one reason -and another, until now each ton of -phosphate rock put on board the cars -represents an average cost in labor and -salaries of $2.00 per ton. The production -for 1904 having been 540,000 tons, the -wage earners of Tennessee have profited -by this industry to the extent of $1,080,000 -during last year alone. On the other -hand, fertilizer factories have sprung up -all through the interior of the country -like magic, and as they now get 75 per -cent rock at their factory for less than -the freight they used to pay on 62 per -cent rock from South Carolina, acid phosphate -is cheaper than ever before, and -consequently the farmer gets cheaper -fertilizer or else better fertilizer for the -same money.</p> - -<p>The first thing which impresses itself -on the mind of almost any visitor to the -phosphate fields is the almost universal -dependence on hand labor of the simplest -pick and shovel kind. This is partially -due to the fact that they “just started -that way,” and hence the most “experienced -laborers” have always done that -way; and partially to the fact that after -sufficient capital was at hand for the -purpose, the varying conditions met with -in the deposit made it very difficult to -devise appliances suitable for one portion -of a mine that would answer the -requirements in the closely adjacent -portions.</p> - -<p>For instance, it is possible in the same -open face of a mine to find the overburden -varying from two feet to twenty -and the rock from a few inches thick, -sticking tight to the top of a lime boulder, -to fifteen feet in the “dip between two -boulders,” while the rock itself will vary -from the shaly, partially disintegrated -top rock through various sizes to heavy -blocks six to eight inches thick and often -ten or twelve feet long.</p> - -<p>It will therefore be seen how difficult -it is to design a machine that will accommodate -itself to the handling of this -material. The removal of the overburden -has been generally accomplished -with wheel scrapers. Two companies -have used the New Era or Western machine -plow with elevator belt loading the -dirt into dump bottom wagons alongside. -Two steam shovels are now in use, being -of the traction type, and occasionally -these have been used in digging the rock, -though apparently with not sufficient -success to justify its continuance. Cableways -have never been used to transport -the material and this is done largely by -wagon and team, though many tram -roads with cars propelled either by mules -or dinky engines are in use.</p> - -<p>The bulk of the rock, however, is dug -by the miner with pick and fork, loaded -into wagons, hauled out and dumped in -windrows on the ground, stirred with a -potato plow and harrows, allowed to dry -in the sun, taken up again into wagons -and hauled either direct to cars for shipping<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_75"></a>[75]</span> -or put under sheds for storage. -When an extra good quality of rock -is wanted, as for export, a few layers of -cordwood are put down and the sun-dried -rock put on that. Then, when -ready to ship, the wood is fired, and after -the rock is cool, it is broken and loaded -with forks, when most of the dirt sloughs -off, leaving the rock almost perfectly -clean.</p> - -<p>Some rock can be put from the mines -immediately on the wood and burned for -export, but generally this will only be a -safe domestic rock. Some companies -who have water accessible, pick out the -large pieces and send them direct to the -dry kilns and then the small pieces with -the dirt, known as “muck,” are passed -through washers, the rock coming out -clean, and being deposited on cordwood -and burned as above described.</p> - -<p>The resulting rock, after being crushed, -is passed through screens which separate -it in three sizes, from one and one-half -inch up going for export, between -that and one-fourth inch for domestic, -and the dust and one-fourth inch pieces -being ground up and sold for direct use -or to small factories.</p> - -<p>The Century Phosphate Co. has installed -a system of dryers and do not -wash the rock, but dry it thoroughly in -mechanical dryers and then screen and -separate it as above.</p> - -<p>The reason the larger pieces are as -a rule of higher grade than the smaller, -is that the dirt and impurity is mostly -on the surface of the rock and the -greater the proportion of surface to volume -the lower the grade in B. P. L. -and the higher in iron and alumina.</p> - -<p>Owners and operators of mines are -gradually turning their attention to labor-saving -devices for primary operations, -and for systems of reclaiming the immense -amount of waste that has heretofore -gone on, both in the mining and the -preparation of the rock.</p> - -<p>One marked step forward in the business -is the establishment of a small -mixing plant for making complete fertilizers, -and the commencing of operations -on a large acid phosphate factory, -with prospects for additional ones -later on.</p> - -<p>At least ten per cent of the present -output is thrown away to prepare the -high grade rock necessary, and this -waste will make good 13 per cent acid -phosphate, so that every year 50,000 -tons of valuable material is absolutely -thrown away. This is more phosphate -rock than is annually used by any one -fertilizer factory in the world, so far -as known to the writer. This waste -product could easily be transported to -a local factory for an average cost of -less than 50 cents per ton. Sulphuric -acid can be bought laid down at Mt. -Pleasant for $7 per ton. The mixing -and other preparation will not exceed -$2 per ton, so that using half acid and -half rock the cost of the acid phosphate -will not be more than $4.75 per ton, -while it will probably sell for at least -$8 per ton. From these figures we -appear to be throwing into the waste pile -at present material that should represent -a profit of not less than $162,500 per -annum. That this will be allowed to -continue does not appear likely. The -question might arise, however, “What -will you do with the acid phosphate thus -manufactured to keep from overcrowding -or at least injuring the market?” -I should answer this by calling attention -to the immense area of land in Maury, -Lawrence, Lewis and Hickman counties, -known as “The Barrens,” which are gradually -being denuded of their timber for -cordwood that is shipped to Mt. Pleasant -for use in drying the phosphate rock. -There are at least 250,000 acres of this -land, which is now readily purchasable -at $3 per acre, with the cord wood on it. -The wood alone will yield in value more -than this price, thus leaving the land -clear. Now, it has been demonstrated -at Lawrenceburg, Summertown, Loretto, -St. Joseph, Hohenwald and numerous -other places that systematic and intelligent -farming, even with the meager supply -of fertilizer (almost entirely in the -shape of bone meal) that has been used, -will bring these lands up to a point where -they will bring from fifteen to twenty -bushels of wheat or from twenty-five to -thirty bushels of corn per acre. Such -lands that have been so brought up -readily sell for from $10 to $40 per acre, -according to location.</p> - -<p>From experiments it has been ascertained<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_76"></a>[76]</span> -that the principal element of plant -food lacking in these soils is phosphoric -acid. The application of 275 pounds of -acid phosphate per acre each year on -these lands would consume right at our -doors the entire output of the proposed -acid factory, even if none were sold -elsewhere. This appears chimerical to -the casual observer, I must confess, but -a careful investigation will demonstrate -the soundness of the position taken.</p> - -<p>A feature throwing some light on the -development of the business at Mt. Pleasant -is shown by the following table:</p> - -<p>The lengths of track built in each year -are as follows:</p> - -<table summary="The lengths of track built in each year"> - <tr> - <th rowspan="2">Year.</th> - <th colspan="2">L. & N. R. R.</th> - <th colspan="2">Private Parties.</th> - </tr> - <tr> - <th>Feet.</th> - <th>Miles.</th> - <th>Feet.</th> - <th>Miles.</th> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>1896</td> - <td class="tdr">200</td> - <td class="tdr">.04</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>1897</td> - <td class="tdr">1,106</td> - <td class="tdr">.21</td> - <td class="tdr">10,343</td> - <td class="tdr">1.96</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>1898</td> - <td class="tdr">4,403</td> - <td class="tdr">.83</td> - <td class="tdr">2,386</td> - <td class="tdr">.45</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>1899</td> - <td class="tdr">4,857</td> - <td class="tdr">.92</td> - <td class="tdr">30,965</td> - <td class="tdr">5.86</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>1900</td> - <td class="tdr">23,835</td> - <td class="tdr">4.51</td> - <td class="tdr">33,152</td> - <td class="tdr">6.28</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>1901</td> - <td class="tdr">250</td> - <td class="tdr">.05</td> - <td class="tdr">1,364</td> - <td class="tdr">.26</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>1903</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - <td class="tdr">29,040</td> - <td class="tdr">5.50</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdr">Totals</td> - <td class="tdr bt">34,651</td> - <td class="tdr bt">6.56</td> - <td class="tdr bt">107,250</td> - <td class="tdr bt">20.31</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p>In addition to these tracks, there are -about six miles of narrow gauge tracks -and about eight or nine sidings and spurs -have been built in Lawrence County for -loading cordwood for shipment to Mt. -Pleasant.</p> - -<p>In Hickman County, the N. C. & St. -L. Ry. has built and acquired by purchase -from private owners about seven -miles of track, which it is now engaged -in extending three miles farther up Swan -and Blue Buck creeks, and some five or -six miles of private tracks have been -built.</p> - -<p>The following table shows the production -of phosphate rock in Tennessee, -1894-1904:</p> - -<table summary="The production of phosphate rock in Tennessee, 1894-1904"> - <tr> - <th>Year.</th> - <th>Quantity<br />(Long tons).</th> - <th>Value.</th> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>1894</td> - <td class="tdr">19,188</td> - <td class="tdr">$ 67,158</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>1895</td> - <td class="tdr">38,515</td> - <td class="tdr">82,160</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>1896</td> - <td class="tdr">26,157</td> - <td class="tdr">57,370</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>1897</td> - <td class="tdr">128,723</td> - <td class="tdr">193,115</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>1898</td> - <td class="tdr">308,107</td> - <td class="tdr">498,392</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>1899</td> - <td class="tdr">462,561</td> - <td class="tdr">1,272,022</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>1900</td> - <td class="tdr">450,856</td> - <td class="tdr">1,352,568</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>1901</td> - <td class="tdr">394,139</td> - <td class="tdr">1,186,033</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>1902</td> - <td class="tdr">454,078</td> - <td class="tdr">1,341,161</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>1903</td> - <td class="tdr">445,510</td> - <td class="tdr">1,434,660</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>1904</td> - <td class="tdr">540,000</td> - <td class="tdr">1,944,000</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdr">Total</td> - <td class="tdr bt">3,267,834</td> - <td class="tdr bt">$9,428,639</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p>With more or less frequency, according -to whether the news supply is sufficiently -good to enable them to get “their per -column,” correspondents fire into the -several papers of the State some sensational -head-liny article about the new -“discovery of phosphate rock at Crossroadsville, -5 to 40 feet thick, analyzing -from 60 to 90 per cent bone phosphate of -lime.” For fear of being behindhand -with the news all the papers copy it, -and before the report can be corrected -to its proper reality of from 6 to 9 per -cent, it has been heralded to the four -corners of the earth and its effect on -future and pending sales can better be -imagined than estimated.</p> - -<p>If one will take the reports of the geological -survey he will find that every -possible deposit of phosphate rock in -the State is absolutely and positively -located. There will be no new discoveries. -Of course there will be much new -development, but the location of such -development will have been discovered -long before.</p> - -<p>The principal localities in the State -where operations are now in progress, -are: Mt. Pleasant, Kleburn, Jameson and -Century, in Maury County; Lower Swan -Creek, Twomey and Totty’s Bend, in Hickman -County; near Gallatin, in Sumner -County; Wales Station, in Giles County, -and near Nashville, in Davidson County.</p> - -<p>The principal localities where developments -will gradually take place as the -demands of the business require are: -Southport, Estes Bend, Bear Creek, -Neeley’s Valley, Little Bigby, West Fork, -<a id="FNanchor_1" href="#Footnote_1" class="fnanchor">*</a>Baptist Branch and <a href="#Footnote_1" class="fnanchor">*</a>Leiper’s Creek, in -Maury County; Richland Creek, in Giles -County; Station Camp Creek, in Sumner -County; north and west of Franklin, in -Williamson County; Brentwood and -Bellevue, in Davidson County; Beech -River, in Decatur County; Tom’s Creek, -Buffalo River, <a href="#Footnote_1" class="fnanchor">*</a>Hurricane Creek and -Cane Creek, in Perry County; <a href="#Footnote_1" class="fnanchor">*</a>Forty-eight -Mile Creek, in Wayne County; <a href="#Footnote_1" class="fnanchor">*</a>Upper -Swan and <a href="#Footnote_1" class="fnanchor">*</a>Indian Creek, in Lewis -County; <a href="#Footnote_1" class="fnanchor">*</a>Lower Swan, <a href="#Footnote_1" class="fnanchor">*</a>Indian Creek, -Ship’s Bend, Gray’s Bend, Persimmon, -Haleys and <a href="#Footnote_1" class="fnanchor">*</a>Leatherwood creeks, in -Hickman County.</p> - -<div class="footnotes"> -<div class="footnote"> -<p><a id="Footnote_1" href="#FNanchor_1" class="label">*</a> Blue rock.</p> -</div> -</div> - -<p>Anything exploited outside of these<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_77"></a>[77]</span> -known and designated deposits is very -apt to prove either a flash in the pan -or will be found to be only worked by -the newspaper correspondents at so much -per column.</p> - -<p>Of the present working localities the -principal one is Mt. Pleasant, and while -the property owners there are beginning -to figure a little on how much they have -left, still the prevailing impression -that Mt. Pleasant is about through mining -is an exceedingly mistaken one. With -the present rate of output, the visible -supply of the Mt. Pleasant field proper -will last for seven years longer, without -taking into consideration the Southport -field, which is practically part of the -Mt. Pleasant field. With the Southport -field mining will last here at the present -rate of output for eleven years. It is -very easy to understand that as work -progresses at Mt. Pleasant and the end -comes more nearly in sight, some miners -drop out by selling, some by working -out their small deposits and these naturally -go to the other fields above referred -to. In none of the other fields -is found the persistently uniform high -grade brown rock of Mt. Pleasant except -Southport, Century and Kleburn, in the -two latter of which operations are now -in progress, and in the former the extension -of the Mt. Pleasant Southern Railway -will soon cause development work -there.</p> - -<p>As these deposits afford practically the -same grade of rock as Mt. Pleasant -proper, they will be worked out simultaneously -with it and will cater to the -same market.</p> - -<p>With their knowledge that the visible -supply of this character of rock -is comparatively limited, producers are -gradually increasing their prices, and by -reason of such increase they are slowly -reducing their output and giving opportunity -for the marketing of the lower -grades in the other fields, notably the -Swan Creek and Indian Creek deposits -in Hickman County.</p> - -<p>This, of course, means that the producers -at Mt. Pleasant will make more -money from their product, and that it -will last a considerably longer time, so -that it is safe to say that mining in -force will be carried on at Mt. Pleasant -and kindred localities for at least twenty -years.</p> - -<p>During the next decade, to supply the -diminution of Mt. Pleasant’s output, will -come the gradual development of the -vast blue rock field of Maury, Hickman -and Lewis counties, and the white rock -of Perry and Decatur counties, which -form the backbone of the phosphate industry -in Tennessee, and whose millions -of tons will cause these counties to be -considered the phosphate reservoir of -the world for the next seventy-five or -one hundred years.</p> - -<p>The change of base will be gradual -and easy, and the trade will have ample -opportunity and time to adjust its operations -so as to utilize the lower grade -blue rock as it becomes advisable and -necessary to do so. Its many points -of superiority for acidulation and for -direct use without acidulation will largely -make up for its lower grade, and as a -mining proposition it more nearly approaches -a technical field of operation.</p> - -<p>The blue rock field proper covers a -territory bounded approximately by a -trapezoid having as its four corners -Centreville, in Hickman County; Kinderhook -and Mt. Joy, in Maury County, -and Lewis Monument, in Lewis County. -Traversing this territory are Duck River, -Indian, Swan, Blue Buck and Cathey’s -creeks, and their tributaries, and outcropping -along these valleys and underlying -the ridges between them are deposits -of blue rock running in bone phosphate -from 60 per cent to 78 per cent, -with less than 3 per cent iron and alumina, -that will aggregate in the neighborhood -of 40,000,000 tons.</p> - -<p>This field will soon be developed by -the extension of the Nashville, Chattanooga -& St. Louis branch up Swan Creek -and the Louisville & Nashville branch -down Swan Creek, with side lines and -spurs leading off each, surveys for which -have been made, and work on construction -will soon be under way.</p> - -<p>If, however, the Florence Northern -Railroad should ever be built from Florence -to Nashville it will run through the -heart of this territory as well as the -magnificent iron deposits of Wayne and -Lewis.</p> - -<p>With the above road and a road from<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_78"></a>[78]</span> -Huntsville on the southeast to Milan on -the northwest all of the phosphate territory -would be fully developed, and this -section of Maury, Hickman, Lewis, Perry, -Giles, Davidson and Williamson counties -would be the site of more fertilizer factories -than will be found elsewhere in -the world in the same space.</p> - -<p>Contributary to such prospective development -is the present opening up of -pyrites deposits at Pyriton, near Talladega, -Ala., with ore running two to four -units higher than the Virginia ores, and -while from four to six units lower than -the best Spanish ores, it is much more -free burning than the latter, and with its -advantage in freight rates, will likely -give manufacturers equally as good a -product at a lower price.</p> - -<p>The vein of pyrites is about one and -one-half miles long and from four to -fifteen feet thick and has been exploited -to a depth of 430 feet, the ore improving -in quality with the depth. It is reported -by manufacturers who have used it to -be the freest burning pyrites ore known, -leaving only about ½ of 1 per cent of the -sulphur in the cinder and containing no -deleterious ingredients. The deposits are -controlled by the Alabama Pyrites Company -and the Southern Sulphur Ore Company, -the latter owned by Messrs. Carpenter -& Howard, of Columbia, their -vein running from eight to fifteen feet -thick. The railroad into this deposit has -been built from the Louisville & Nashville, -at Talladega, a distance of twenty -miles, at a cost of nearly $400,000.</p> - -<p>The consumption of fertilizers has increased -200 per cent in the United States -in the past twelve years, and while the -visible supply of phosphate rock is rapidly -decreasing, the consumption of fertilizers -is almost as rapidly increasing, and -with this fact in view, the large fertilizer -companies are and have been for several -years gradually buying up phosphate -lands to provide themselves for the future. -This tendency has put a large -amount of phosphate property in such -strong hands that little or no danger -is possible of the old scramble to sell, -with its attendant low prices. At the -same time, a considerable amount of -land valuable for its phosphate deposits -is still uncontrolled by manufacturers, so -that a healthy competition in the business -is still open.</p> - -<p>The amount of fertilizer used in Middle -Tennessee is almost a minus quantity, -but this state of things cannot long exist. -The horse worked continuously without -feeding soon dies, and so it will be, nay -already is, with much of our land in the -“dimple of the universe.”</p> - -<p>Farmers know that the crops of ten -years ago cannot be raised to-day and -are all waking up to the fact that something -is needed. The large stock-raiser, -who husbands his stable manure, can -partially take care of the thin spots on -his land. But the small farmer, the backbone -of the country, whose acres do not -afford him land sufficient to till and still -have the rich pastures necessary to raise -much stock, contents himself with simply -wearing out his farm, selling it at a low -price, generally with the mediation of -the sheriff, and moving elsewhere for -better or more probably for worse. To -this class the use of fertilizer in Tennessee -is practically unknown, but their successors -of the next few decades will -form, as is the case in other States, -the bulk of the fertilizer consumers, -and when this comes to pass Tennessee -will indeed have come into her own.</p> - -<p>The use of fertilizer in the cotton -States has enabled the planters to continue -year after year to raise the enormous -crops of cotton and has also enabled -them to diversify their crops by -being able to produce the same yield of -cotton on a less number of acres.</p> - -<p>So fertilizers will enable the Middle -Tennessee farmers to raise the same -amount of feed on fewer acres, leaving -more land to grow up to blue grass, -and our present greatly depreciated live -stock interests will come up by leaps -and bounds until we will rival the famous -blue grass section of Kentucky, if we -do not far outstrip it.</p> - -<p>When one stops to consider (1) that -the wheat crop alone annually removes -from the soil of the United States more -phosphoric acid than is the equivalent -of twice the amount of phosphate rock -produced in the country; and (2) that -over half of the amount mined is exported -so that the fertilizers used in -the United States return to the soil only<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_79"></a>[79]</span> -one-fourth of the phosphoric acid that is -taken away by the wheat crop alone, -without considering the other crops, we -can readily see that the consumption of -fertilizer and phosphate rock not only -will, but of right ought to, enormously -increase, and that the industry is a permanent -one that will last without cessation -or danger of serious interruption as -long as the world eats bread. That it -has been and still is being developed -almost entirely by outside capital is one -of the features that seems to attend -the development of practically all the industries -of the State.</p> - -<p>A complete analysis of a dry sample -of average “brown rock,” which the -writer had made several years ago, may -be of interest, and is as follows:</p> - -<table summary="A complete analysis of a dry sample of average “brown rock”"> - <tr> - <td>Moisture</td> - <td class="tdr">.87</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Combined water and organic matter</td> - <td class="tdr">1.53</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Sand and insoluble matter</td> - <td class="tdr">2.76</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Peroxide of iron</td> - <td class="tdr">2.40</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Alumina</td> - <td class="tdr">1.99</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Lime</td> - <td class="tdr">49.07</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Magnesia</td> - <td class="tdr">.24</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Carbonic acid</td> - <td class="tdr">1.08</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Equals carbonate of lime, 2.41.</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Fluorine</td> - <td class="tdr">2.98</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Sulphuric acid</td> - <td class="tdr">1.03</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Phosphoric acid</td> - <td class="tdr">35.62</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Equals bone phosphate of lime, 77.78.</td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="tdr">Total</td> - <td class="tdr bt">99.57</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p>The rock which is exported from Tennessee -goes to England, Scotland, Ireland, -Belgium, Holland, France, Spain, -Italy, Austria and Japan. The domestic -rock is consumed by the various fertilizer -factories all over that part of the United -States east of the Mississippi River, some -of the principal points being Philadelphia, -Pa.; Buffalo, N. Y.; Cleveland and -Columbus, Ohio; Chicago, Ill.; Indianapolis, -Ind.; Lynchburg, Staunton, Norfolk -and Richmond, Va.; Memphis, Nashville -and Chattanooga, Tenn.; Greenville, Columbia -and Charleston, S. C.; Charlotte -and Winston, N. C.; Macon and Atlanta, -Ga.; Meridian, Miss.; Birmingham, Montgomery -and Mobile, Ala.</p> - -<p>In conclusion, a word might be appropriate -on the subject of the direct use of -raw ground phosphate rock as a fertilizer, -without acidulation.</p> - -<p>The experiment stations of the great -States of Illinois, Ohio, Pennsylvania, -Maryland and New Jersey have made -exhaustive experiments with this material, -and their bulletins may be had by -any farmer desiring them, showing that -this material has given results that prove -it to be more valuable for many soils -than the acidulated phosphate. The great -State of Tennessee, on the other hand, -without any practical experiments to -back it up, in the face of the opinions -of some of its most eminent chemists -and experts, continues on its statute -book an absolute prohibition against the -sale of this material within its borders.</p> - -<p>Mr. Cyril Hopkins, of the Illinois Experiment -Station, says that the discovery -of the Tennessee phosphate deposits is -the greatest thing that ever happened -for the farmers of Illinois.</p> - -<p>Each year many carloads of this material -are shipped into other States and -wherever it has been used its use is -spreading, yet these people have to pay -more in freight alone than it would cost -the average Tennessee farmer at his -farm.</p> - -<p>Immense deposits of this rock exist -in Tennessee high enough in grade to -meet the requirements for direct use, -and if this prohibition were removed, -almost every county seat in the sixth -and seventh congressional districts would -have phosphate mills to supply the local -trade, just as they have flour mills.</p> - -<p>The next Legislature should certainly -correct the errors of the past by allowing -the Tennessee farmer to exercise the -same amount of free agency, common -sense judgment as his fellows of the -other States.</p> - -<p>The principal mines in Tennessee are -shown in the table on the following page:</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_80"></a>[80]</span></p> - -<table summary="The principal mines in Tennessee" id="mines"> - <tr> - <th rowspan="2">County.</th> - <th colspan="2">Operators.</th> - <th rowspan="2">Name of Tract or Mine</th> - <th colspan="2">Holdings.</th> - <th rowspan="2">Character of<br />mining:<br />Underground<br />or surface.</th> - </tr> - <tr> - <th>Name</th> - <th>Post Office</th> - <th>How Held</th> - <th>No. of Acres</th> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Davidson</td> - <td>Charleston, S. C., Mining and Mfg. Co.</td> - <td>Charleston, S. C.</td> - <td>Caldwell</td> - <td>Fee</td> - <td class="tdr">65</td> - <td>Surface.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Hickman</td> - <td>American Cotton Oil Co.</td> - <td>New York</td> - <td>Gregory</td> - <td>Fee</td> - <td class="tdr">125</td> - <td>Both.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Hickman</td> - <td>Jarecki Chemical Co.</td> - <td>Cincinnati, O.</td> - <td>Ratliff</td> - <td>Fee</td> - <td class="tdr">300</td> - <td>Both.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Hickman</td> - <td>Meridian Fertilizer Fac.</td> - <td>Meridian, Miss.</td> - <td>Laverick</td> - <td>Fee</td> - <td class="tdr">2,280</td> - <td>Under’gr’d.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Hickman</td> - <td>Rich & Hays Phos. Co.</td> - <td>Twomey</td> - <td>Brown</td> - <td>Fee</td> - <td class="tdr">50</td> - <td>Surface.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Hickman</td> - <td>Rich & Hays Phos. Co.</td> - <td>Twomey</td> - <td>Wiss</td> - <td>Lease</td> - <td class="tdr">40</td> - <td>Both.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Hickman</td> - <td>Swift & Co.</td> - <td>Chicago</td> - <td>Eason</td> - <td>Fee</td> - <td class="tdr">60</td> - <td>Both.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Hickman</td> - <td>Tenn. Blue Rock Phos. Co.</td> - <td>Mt. Pleasant</td> - <td>Fogg</td> - <td>Lease</td> - <td class="tdr">200</td> - <td>Under’gr’d.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Hickman</td> - <td>S. M. Ward Mining Co.</td> - <td>Centerville</td> - <td>McGill</td> - <td>Lease</td> - <td class="tdr">500</td> - <td>Both.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Maury</td> - <td>H. F. Alexander</td> - <td>Columbia</td> - <td>Jameson</td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - <td>Surface.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Maury</td> - <td>H. F. Alexander & Co.</td> - <td>Mt. Pleasant</td> - <td>Mt. Pleasant</td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - <td>Surface.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Maury</td> - <td>Blue Grass Phos. Co.</td> - <td>Mt. Pleasant</td> - <td>Blue Grass</td> - <td>Lease</td> - <td class="tdr">1,000</td> - <td>Surface.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Maury</td> - <td>Central Phosphate Co.</td> - <td>Mt. Pleasant</td> - <td>Dawson</td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - <td>Surface.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Maury</td> - <td>Central Phosphate Co.</td> - <td>Mt. Pleasant</td> - <td>Kittrell</td> - <td>Lease</td> - <td class="tdr">125</td> - <td>Surface.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Maury</td> - <td>Central Phosphate Co.</td> - <td>Mt. Pleasant</td> - <td>Harris</td> - <td></td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - <td>Surface.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Maury</td> - <td>Central Phosphate Co.</td> - <td>Mt. Pleasant</td> - <td>Long</td> - <td>Fee</td> - <td class="tdr">140</td> - <td>Surface.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Maury</td> - <td>Charleston, S. C., Mining and Mfg. Co.</td> - <td>Charleston, S. C.</td> - <td>Arrow</td> - <td>Fee</td> - <td class="tdr">690</td> - <td>Surface.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Maury</td> - <td><span class="ditto">”</span> <span class="ditto">”</span> <span class="ditto">”</span></td> - <td>Charleston, S. C.</td> - <td>Howard</td> - <td>Fee</td> - <td class="tdr">182</td> - <td>Surface.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Maury</td> - <td><span class="ditto">”</span> <span class="ditto">”</span> <span class="ditto">”</span></td> - <td>Charleston, S. C.</td> - <td>McMeen</td> - <td>Fee</td> - <td class="tdr">540</td> - <td>Surface.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Maury</td> - <td><span class="ditto">”</span> <span class="ditto">”</span> <span class="ditto">”</span></td> - <td>Charleston, S. C.</td> - <td>Ridley</td> - <td>Fee</td> - <td class="tdr">319</td> - <td>Surface.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Maury</td> - <td>Columbian Phos. Co.</td> - <td>Mt. Pleasant</td> - <td>Columbian</td> - <td>Fee</td> - <td class="tdr">60</td> - <td>Surface.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Maury</td> - <td>H. B. Battle</td> - <td>Winston, N. C.</td> - <td>Battle</td> - <td>Fee</td> - <td class="tdr">84</td> - <td>Surface.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Maury</td> - <td>Federal Chemical Co.</td> - <td>Louisville, Ky.</td> - <td>Tenn. Phos. Co.</td> - <td>Fee</td> - <td class="tdr">1,200</td> - <td>Surface.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Maury</td> - <td>International Phos. Co.</td> - <td>Columbia</td> - <td>Solita</td> - <td>Fee</td> - <td class="tdr">110</td> - <td>Surface.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Maury</td> - <td>International Phos. Co.</td> - <td>Columbia</td> - <td>Satterfield</td> - <td>Fee</td> - <td class="tdr">275</td> - <td>Surface.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Maury</td> - <td>Maury Phos. Co.</td> - <td>Mt. Pleasant</td> - <td>Moore</td> - <td>Fee</td> - <td class="tdr">264</td> - <td>Surface.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Maury</td> - <td>Petrified Bone Min. Co</td> - <td>Mt. Pleasant</td> - <td>Petrified</td> - <td>Fee</td> - <td class="tdr">220</td> - <td>Surface.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Maury</td> - <td>Swift & Co.</td> - <td>Chicago, Ill.</td> - <td>Bailey</td> - <td>Lease</td> - <td class="tdr">361</td> - <td>Surface.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Maury</td> - <td>Tenn. Chemical Co.</td> - <td>Nashville</td> - <td>Douglass</td> - <td>Fee</td> - <td class="tdr">250</td> - <td>Surface.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Sumner</td> - <td>Buffalo Fertilizer Co.</td> - <td>Buffalo, N. Y.</td> - <td>Watkins</td> - <td>Fee</td> - <td class="tdr">250</td> - <td>Surface.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Sumner</td> - <td>Smith Agr. Chem. Co.</td> - <td>Columbus, O.</td> - <td class="nw">Sumner Phos. Co.</td> - <td>Fee</td> - <td class="tdr">1,500</td> - <td>Surface.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Sumner</td> - <td>Swift & Co.</td> - <td>Chicago, Ill.</td> - <td>Guthrie</td> - <td>Fee</td> - <td class="tdr">321</td> - <td>Surface.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Maury</td> - <td>France & Co.</td> - <td>Mt. Pleasant</td> - <td>Goodloe</td> - <td>Fee</td> - <td class="tdr">40</td> - <td>Surface.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Maury</td> - <td>Ruhm & Barrow</td> - <td>Mt. Pleasant</td> - <td>Sedberry</td> - <td>Fee</td> - <td class="tdr">130</td> - <td>Surface.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Hickman</td> - <td>N. Y. & St. L. Min. & Mfg. Co.</td> - <td>Aetna, Tenn</td> - <td>Peery</td> - <td>Fee</td> - <td class="tdr">7,000</td> - <td>Under’gr’d.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Maury</td> - <td>Globe Phos. Co.</td> - <td>Mt. Pleasant</td> - <td>American</td> - <td>Fee</td> - <td class="tdr">2,500</td> - <td>Surface.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Maury</td> - <td>Century Phos. Co.</td> - <td>Mt. Pleasant</td> - <td>Harlan</td> - <td class="nw">Lease & Fee</td> - <td class="tdr">1,000</td> - <td>Surface.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Maury</td> - <td>Southport Phos. Co.</td> - <td>Mt. Pleasant</td> - <td>Southport</td> - <td>Fee</td> - <td class="tdr">943</td> - <td>Surface.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Hickman</td> - <td>Amer. Cot. Oil Co.</td> - <td>New York</td> - <td>Gilmer</td> - <td>Fee</td> - <td class="tdr">200</td> - <td>Both.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Lewis</td> - <td>Big Swan Phos. Co.</td> - <td>Mt. Pleasant</td> - <td>Walker</td> - <td>Fee</td> - <td class="tdr">600</td> - <td>Under’gr’d.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Hickman</td> - <td>Ruhm & Wheeler</td> - <td>Mt. Pleasant</td> - <td>Harvill</td> - <td>Fee</td> - <td class="tdr">736</td> - <td>Under’gr’d.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Hickman</td> - <td>Killebrew, Ruhm & Co.</td> - <td>Mt. Pleasant</td> - <td>Rochell</td> - <td>Fee</td> - <td class="tdr">541</td> - <td>Both.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Perry</td> - <td>Perry Phos. Co.</td> - <td>Columbia</td> - <td>Tom’s Creek</td> - <td>Fee</td> - <td class="tdr">500</td> - <td>Under’gr’d.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Decatur</td> - <td>Beech River Phos. Co.</td> - <td>Nashville</td> - <td>Parsons</td> - <td>Fee</td> - <td class="tdr">1,000</td> - <td>Surface.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class="bb">Lewis</td> - <td class="bb">Charleston M. & Mfg. Co.</td> - <td class="bb">Mt. Pleasant</td> - <td class="bb">Mayfield</td> - <td class="bb">Fee</td> - <td class="bb tdr">500</td> - <td class="bb">Under’gr’d.</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_81"></a>[81]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="A_History_of_the_Hals">A History of the Hals</h2> - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">By John Trotwood Moore</span></p> - -</div> - -<h3>CHAPTER II.<br /> -<span class="smaller">THE PACER’S FAST DEVELOPMENT.</span></h3> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="center">De Record’s Gwine Down.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">De pat’idge is in de cohn-field, his courtin’ days am pas’,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">He am waitin’ fur de hunter wid his gun and whiky flas’,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">De squirl’s in de hickernut, de shell am droppin’ ’roun’,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">But de pacer’s still de racer, and</div> - <div class="verse indent28">de</div> - <div class="verse indent30">record’s</div> - <div class="verse indent32">gwine</div> - <div class="verse indent34">down!</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">De coon am up de white-oak, an’ de price er powder’s riz,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">He am layin’ up de coon-grease dat am good fur rheumatiz.</div> - <div class="verse indent0">De ’possum’s way up yonder whar de wild grape’s turnin’ brown,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">But de pacer holds de market, and</div> - <div class="verse indent26">he</div> - <div class="verse indent28">keeps</div> - <div class="verse indent30">dat</div> - <div class="verse indent32">record</div> - <div class="verse indent34">down!</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">Oh, ebery thing am risin’, and’ hog-meat’s in de sky,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">E’en de chickens got de panic an’ hev gone to roostin’ high!</div> - <div class="verse indent0">De onliest thing dat’s fallin’—an it makes de trotter frown—</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Am de pacin’ race-horse record, and</div> - <div class="verse indent26">dat</div> - <div class="verse indent28">keeps</div> - <div class="verse indent30">on</div> - <div class="verse indent32">gwine</div> - <div class="verse indent34">down!</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse right">OLD WASH.</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - -<p class="dropcap">The achievements and development of -the pacer in the past ten or fifteen -years, since the advent of the Hals, and -the swift tribe of trotting-bred pacers, -has been so marked and so great that -a special chapter is needed for its explanation. -The old “side-wheeler” has -gone—the new, beautifully gaited, true -striding pacing race horse has taken his -place. No other feature of a race meeting -brings out the crowd and the enthusiasm -equal to the free-for-all pace. -Never before had such races been witnessed -as those first seen in the days -of the Big Four—the queen of which was -Mattie Hunter 2:12½, the first great -Hal mare to attract the attention of the -world. She was the star of the Big -Four, the others being Blind Tom, Lucy -and Rowdy Boy. Later, some of the -great free-for-allers were Little Brown -Jug, Brown Hal, Hal Pointer, Robert J, -Direct, Joe Patchen, John R Gentry and -many others whose names will be readily -remembered by every horseman. The -very mention of these names brings a -thrill to the heart as, toward the last -of the century, Robert J, John R. Gentry -and Joe Patchen and Star Pointer began -to bring the pacing record to -the two-minute mark. This was first -done by Star Pointer, an inbred -Hal, crossed again and again in the -thoroughbred blood which, undoubtedly, -gave to the Hals the staying power so -characteristic of the family. And so, -looking back, the following article, written -by Trotwood December 29, 1892, -seems prophetic—that is, if there were -such a thing as prophecy. But, alas, -there is not, for prophecy is merely another -name for the cause of the future -as foreseen in the present’s effect. And -though this was written thirteen years -ago, it is embodied into this history, as -fitting so well the present:</p> - -<p>“There can no longer be any doubt -that the pacer, as a future product on -the light harness race course, will be a -still stronger factor than he is to-day. -Even if desired, it is now not possible -to eliminate him from the light harness -breeding world. He has come to stay. -It matters not to us whether the honest, -but sturdy, rascal can trace his ancestors -to Marsh’s five-toed orohippos, weighing -about forty pounds, and which had all -he could do to keep out of the way of -Darwin’s “missing link,” and thus save -himself from drudgery, even before the -days of the Silurian serpents, or whether -he was developed in Trojan wars as -carved on the frieze of Grecian temples; -the fact remains the same, that to-day -he is here by a large majority, and -though snubbed by his more aristocratic -brother, he persistently refuses to stay -behind in the procession, and is never -happier than when he can get up a good,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_82"></a>[82]</span> -rattling fight in a five-heat race, or stick -his common, but inquisitive, nose a few -seconds beyond the trotting record securely -placarded on the front of old -Father Time. Flung into the world -without prestige, friends or influence; his -coming regarded as the epitome of a -breeder’s ill luck; condemned before he -was born, and damned before he could -walk; a little too good to kill, yet -hardly good enough to be allowed -a square meal once a week that -he might grow up like any other horse; -toe-weighted and hobbled and banged -about, and forced to trot in spite of -the laws of nature herself, yet the game -and honest little fellow, when relieved -of his owner’s prejudices and hobbles, -has flown to the front with the ease of -a swallow through the air and the grace -of a game fish in the lake, and now -holds the first record for speed and the -chief place on the program in the eye -of a grand stand that paid its way to -see an honest horse race.</p> - -<p>“It is the old story of the rejected -stone, and he now holds up with surprising -popularity his corner of the race -horse structure. And yet twenty years -ago a pacer was scarcely allowed on a -fashionable race course; his pedigree, -they said, took to the woods on the first -cross; he was regarded by the trotting -world as a camel-backed, cat-hammed, -narrow-chested, curby-legged beast who -paced because he couldn’t trot, and was -alive because nobody cared to buy powder -enough to kill all of them in the -woods of Tennessee and Kentucky. He -was allowed to exist on the race course -very much on the same idea that a slave -is allowed to breathe the same air and -view the same heaven his master does. -He began his career because he was a -good kind of an animal to have around -to do the race act at the pumpkin show -and come in along with the fat woman -and the five-legged calf. His coming to -the front was his own work; and to -use a classical phrase, he was purely -the architect of his own fortune. The -American people are a long time finding -out merit, but nothing helps them to see -it as quickly as the image of the American -eagle stamped on the back of a silver -dollar—and this the pacer has shown -them.</p> - -<p>“Despite the oft-repeated theory of ‘the -Canadian pacer,’ there is no doubt that -the pacer as now found in Kentucky, -Tennessee and the West came originally -from the older Atlantic States, such as -Virginia and the Carolinas, and that he -was brought there by our forefathers -from England. The fact that there are -pacers in Canada merely proves that in -that Dominion also they have been -brought from the mother country. To -trace their origin in England is both a -tedious task and a most uncertain one. -Yet, from the best information obtainable, -there appears to be but little doubt -that the pacer was originally a product -of Spain, where many years ago he was -bred in the purple as a pleasure animal -for the nobility of Andalusia and other -Spanish states. In fact, it is more than -probable that he was bred with more -care than was bestowed by the Spanish -upon their now favorite animal—the ass. -We know that the pacer was safely domiciled -in England as far back as the Norman -Conquest, for in ‘Ivanhoe,’ written -by that most painstaking scholar and -novelist, Sir Walter Scott—a man who -wrote truer to nature and with as much -historic accuracy as any novelist who -has ever lived in England—we find many -allusions to the pacer under the style -of the palfrey and the ambler.</p> - -<p>“The following is an extract from Ivanhoe, -Chapter II., the scene being in the -time of Richard I. In reading it we -must remember that the name jennet did -not mean then as now the female of -an ass, but it meant the palfrey which -the lay brother was riding. Says Sir -Walter: ‘This worthy churchman rode -upon a well-fed, ambling mule, whose -furniture was highly decorated and whose -bridle, according to the fashion of the -day, was ornamented with silver bells.... -A lay brother, one of those who -followed in the train, had for his use -on other occasions one of the most handsome -Spanish jennets ever bred in Andalusia, -which merchants used at that -time to import, with great trouble and -risk, for the use of persons of wealth -and distinction. The saddle and housings<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_83"></a>[83]</span> -of this superb palfrey were covered -by a long boat cloth which reached -nearly to the ground, and on which were -richly embroidered mitres, crosses and -other ecclesiastical emblems.’</p> - -<p>“From other writings of Sir Walter -Scott we find that the knight usually, -when not in battle, rode upon an ambler, -and a page, riding also upon the same -kind of a horse, led the knight’s large -war horse, with his armorial trappings. -The fact that in the above extract the -mule also paced, goes to show how -strong must have been the pacing instinct -in his dam, being able to overcome -entirely the gait of the ass. But -to go further into the history of the pacer -in England would be foreign to the ends -of this brief article.</p> - -<p>“We will only add that in spite of the -fact that many English breeders assert -that not a pacer has been kept in that -country for many years, yet we believe -that this is not true and that there -are many of them there to-day. But -to return to our own pacer. It is quite -easy to trace his career as he came from -the mother colonies, spreading out -through Kentucky, Tennessee and the -States of the Northwest, under the name -of the ‘saddle horse,’ by which name he -was held in the highest esteem and filled -an humble but most important position -in the pioneer work of State making. -Before the roads were cut out through -the forests, and when only blazed Indian -paths were the highways of the country, -he was an absolute necessity, and to-day -there belongs to him the proud honor -of having been the first common carrier -of American civilization. He was with -Marion and Sumter in their partisan -warfare in the Carolinas; he saw, no -doubt, with patriotic emotion, the ignoble -surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown; -he followed the intrepid Boone across -the Alleghanies into Kentucky, and came -along with the immortal Jackson—the -man of destiny—into the ‘basin of middle -Tennessee.’ Pulling the plow for an -honest living in the rich cornfields during -the week, he carried the women and -the children on his back to the primitive -church on Sunday. As civilization advanced -he improved with it, being crossed -with thoroughbred blood in rich profusion, -until to-day his lines of breeding -are thoroughly established, and by his -speed, gameness and bottom he has advanced -from the humble position of the -family man-of-all-work to the fleet-footed -king of the light-harness world—from -the simple cabin in the clearing, and the -gentle caress of the backwoodman’s family, -to the applause of the grand stand.</p> - -<p>“A scrub, indeed! He was here fighting -for independence and an honest living -when the forefathers of the Wilkes and -Almonts—since old imp. Messenger is -regarded as the fountain head—were -courting the favor of royalty in England -‘that thrift may follow fawning,’ or carrying -soup-drinking Britons on their jolting -backs to the wharves of Liverpool, -to be shipped over here as food for Tennessee -rifles at New Orleans. Plebian, -did you say? Why, he ought to be pensioned. -He is older and more respectable -than the Dutch governors of New York -and has a greater claim to patriotism -than half of the pensioners who never -smelled the smoke of battle.</p> - -<p>“In Tennessee and Kentucky he has -always been a great favorite, and since -the race-track act has been added to his -many other accomplishments he is destined -to be yet more popular. But the -student who attempts to trace his development -is lost in a maze of thoroughbred -blood and ‘native stock.’ That -the ‘pacing-bred pacer’ of to-day is simply -a mixture of the old ambling pacer of -Europe, whatever he was, and thoroughbred -there is no doubt in the world. -And that this thorough blood has been -as good, if not better, than that in old -Messenger himself, is also true. But the -astonishing thing about this amalgamation -is the very small per cent of pacing -blood it required to leaven the thoroughbred -loaf. A pacing sire bred to a running -mare and that offspring to another -running mare, and so on for several -generations, will end with the last, as -with the first, in getting a ‘saddler.’</p> - -<p>“We have always regarded this fact -as the strongest evidence of the intensity -of the pacing instinct—an instinct that -has such a pure and strong fountain-head -somewhere that it is able to overcome -the running instinct, though crossed and -recrossed upon the pure running blood,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_84"></a>[84]</span> -is abundant evidence of its own purity -and prepotency. And the fact that so -many fast pacers are continually thrown -from the trotting ranks, now commonly -called ‘trotting-bred pacers,’ is but another -illustration of the same fact. Verily, -back somewhere in the past the pacer -was a thoroughbred at his way of going. -His remote ancestor, whether in the -myths of fables, or in the woods of -northern Germany, or the vine-clad hills -of Spain, or around the frozen lakes -of Canada, was an Alexander, a Julius -Caesar and a Napoleon Bonaparte, all -in one, in the greatness and gameness of -his gait. How else could the fact that -every great family of trotters is continually -throwing pacers be explained by -any other theory? The fact that the -trotting breeders have been careless in -breeding to mares of strong pacing instinct -or breeding, we admit; but the -fact remains the same that the pacing -blood in the pedigree of such trotters -does not appear to have acted as a brake -in their way of going, but, on the contrary, -has given to them a smoothness -of action and an elasticity of stride which -has carried them to the foremost rank -at their gait; and we are also led to -believe that it often requires but a small -portion of pacing fluid to overcome several -generations of the diagonal gait -in the veins of the trotting-bred horse.</p> - -<p>“Take from the trotting ranks those -out of mares or descendants of mares by -old Pilot, Jr., and other pacers, and the -truth of this assertion will be most plainly -seen. In fact, every noted family of -trotters, such as the Wilkses and the -Almonts—wherever there is any pacing -blood, even away back in the fourth and -fifth generation—have to the credit of -that family some pacer who is faster -at his way of going than the star trotter -of that family is at his. No Hambletonian -trotter has ever attained the speed -that has been shown by Direct, unless it -be Nancy Hanks, who has some pacing -blood in her own royal veins and is -inclined to pace a bit herself; nor has -any Almont trotter ever equalled Flying -Jib and hosts of others we might mention. -Among the Wilkses they are -thicker than the leaves of Valambrosa, -until one is forced to believe that the -Clay blood, if such it was, in the pedigree -of George Wilkes was about as -good as any the great horse had in his -veins.</p> - -<p>“These facts being true, it is evident -that the pacer is not a scrub. If he is -a scrub, then we are forced to the conclusion -that nothing in all the breeding -world may be likened to the intensity -of his cold-bloodedness. This scrub -blood overcomes the hot running blood, -though continually diluted for successive -generations; and it needs only a little -of it to knock out the hopes of the bluest -blooded trotter descended from Hambletonian -lines. If he is a scrub, then he -is the veritable ‘original sire’ of the -scrub horse business, which, like that in -man, is ever on top. But as this sin -of the pacer helps him to the wire first, -and has given him the harness records -of the world, we trust no trotting moralist -will attempt to entirely obliterate it. -We don’t need any crucifixions there! -To our mind, we believe that if the curtain -of the past could ever be unrolled -upon the pacers of old we would find that -centuries ago he was bred for no other -way of going, and bred so long and so -purely and so consistently that in him -has been planted an instinct that will -never be obliterated. To argue that a -cold-blooded horse can be thus preponent -is to argue against the well-known -laws of heredity!</p> - -<p>“In the second place, the pacer has -undoubtedly come to stay. The American -people are nothing if not quick in realizing -real merit and honoring it when -clearly proven. As they make no pretensions -to the shams of royalty, so are -they not bound by the iron rules of court -custom from ‘hustling’ to horse-racing. -They do not care for so much trappy -action; nor does the matter of a banged -tail cut as much of a figure in their -calculations as does the intense patriotism -which lies within them for their -own almighty dollar. Passing over the -generally admitted fact that the pacer -is naturally faster than the trotter, comes -to his speed more quickly, may be more -evenly matched in a race, and is preserved -longer by reason of the smoothness<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_85"></a>[85]</span> -of his gait, there is yet another -cause why the pacer is destined to become -more popular.</p> - -<p>“A great English commoner, whose ire -had been aroused on one occasion by a -member of the House of Lords, in reply, -in a speech of burning oratory, spoke -of the aforesaid gentleman as being in -his titled position merely by reason of -the fact that he was ‘the accident of -an accident.’ There is no doubt that -Hambletonian 10, the present head of -the trotting family, was even more of -an accident than the English lord was. -Bellfounder mares of trotting propensities -were rarer than imported Messengers, -and if the mating of Abdallah -with this mare was not an accident, -but the plan of a thoughtful intellect -looking to the future, the descendants -of the man who thought it out should -have risen up and told it last month, -that their forefathers might have been -honored along with Columbus at the -opening of the World’s Fair. Now the -‘trotting-bred pacer’ is quite an accident -himself. He is here by reason of the -fact that many trotting breeders in their -wild vagaries and theories regarding the -best way to breed a trotter, ranging all -the way, in the theory of breeding, from -thoroughblood to jackass, have accidentally -honored a few thousand pacing -mares with a service to some of their -Hambletonians. As a result the ‘trotting-bred’ -pacer is with us. As it is -quite impossible for the trotting turf -to get rid of this rascal if they wished -to, and as he has managed to be quite -a game and fast money-making machine -himself, he has clinched the popularity of -the pacer as a pacer and has stuck -a peg in the map of popular favor that -would be hard to be removed.</p> - -<p>“And it is safe to say that by reason of -the blood of Pilot, Jr., Clay, Blue Bull, -Tom Hal, Pocahontas and many others -being so generally distributed in the pedigrees -of trotters, the ‘trotting-bred pacer’ -will continue to come from such trotting -sources in the future in geometrical proportion -and to pace in the same ratio. -What will be done with them? Each -one, with speed, is simply a money-making -machine, and his owner will not -be long in putting him at the work which -nature cut out for him. To destroy him -merely because he paces belongs to the -dark ages when the pacing gait was -one which made no money, but now, since -the pacing purses have gotten to be so -liberal and getting more so each year, -it is only common sense to suppose that -owners of pacing horses will begin to -take more pains in their development and -their breeding. This will improve their -speed. As it is now, we do not suppose -there is a betting horseman alive who -would not give large odds that the pacer -will be the first two-minute horse.</p> - -<p>“And in this connection another thing -must be taken into consideration. The -pacer’s gait has itself been greatly improved -in the last ten years. He is no -longer the rotary-motioned mud-flinger -of old, whose forefeet pawed the air -in circles parallel with and above his -ears, while his hind feet described semicircles -over the ground, but he is now -a smooth-gaited, straightforward, quick-actioned -fellow, with plenty of knee action -in front and the stride of a bullfrog -behind, and at his highest speed it requires -more than a glance for one to -say whether he is trotting or pacing. In -other words, the pacer has come to be -a well-rounded, symmetrical and well-bred -horse. His gait is the poetry of -harness motion, his courage is unquestioned -and his staying qualities, especially -with the pacing-bred ones, of whom -we are more familiar, are equal to those -of any horse that ever stretched his neck -in the home stretch. In view of these -facts it doesn’t require even the grandson -of a prophet to predict he is destined -to a still greater career on the light -harness race course.</p> - -<p>“We can only judge the future by the -past and the present, and with that in -view from a study of the 2:20 list, which -a most exclusive list in the light harness -race course, we are startled with the -enviable position the despised side-wheeler -holds in that charmed circle -this season. There can be no sham in -the 2:20 list. A horse must be able to -trot or pace that enters it. Up to November -15 there were, according to the statistics -at my command, 189 new 2:20 performers; -and by new performers we -mean horses that had no record as good<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_86"></a>[86]</span> -as 2:30 trotting or 2:25 pacing before -the opening of this season. Of these 189 -new 2:20 performers we find that the -pacers constitute 128 of the number, -while the trotters are credited with sixty-one. -This table includes but seven pacers -that have lowered their records from -the 2:30 list last year to the 2:20 list -this year, and we use it to get at the -number of green horses to enter this -list, and <i>from</i> it we are able <i>to form</i> a -more correct idea of the material coming -fresh from both ranks. It cuts off such -stars as Kremlin, Stamboul and Nancy -Hanks among trotters, as well as Hal -Pointer, Mascot, Guy, Direct and Storm -among pacers.</p> - -<p>“But a still more exclusive list is the -2:15 class, and in order to show your -readers what has been accomplished by -the new material from the pacing ranks -this year as compared with the same -material from the trotters, we publish -that list in full, and in a spirit of generosity -we place the despised pacer on -the left in the goat’s place. The fact -that it looks something like the last electoral -college, with Cleveland on the pacer’s -side, need not lead any one to think -we are at all partisan in this matter.</p> - -<p>“New pacers with records of 2:15 or -better:</p> - -<table summary="New pacers with records of 2:15 or better"> - <tr> - <td>Flying Gib</td> - <td>2:05¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Jay-Eye-See</td> - <td>2:06¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>W. Wood</td> - <td>2:07</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Robert J.</td> - <td>2:09¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>San Pedro</td> - <td>2:10¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Wisconsin King</td> - <td>2:11</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Online 2</td> - <td>2:11</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Walnut Boy</td> - <td>2:11½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Ella Brown</td> - <td>2:11¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Cleveland S</td> - <td>2:11¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Prima Donna</td> - <td>2:11¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Colbert</td> - <td>2:12¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Dandy O</td> - <td>2:12½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Charley Ford</td> - <td>2:12½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>La Belle</td> - <td>2:12½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>John R. Gentry</td> - <td>2:12¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Gilileo Rex</td> - <td>2:12¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Expert Prince</td> - <td>2:13¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Fleetfoot</td> - <td>2:14</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Henry O</td> - <td>2:14</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Eclectic</td> - <td>2:14</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>To Order, 2</td> - <td>2:14</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Rebus</td> - <td>2:14¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Clint Cliff</td> - <td>2:14½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Joe Jett</td> - <td>2:14½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Chris Smith</td> - <td>2:14½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Lydia Wilkes</td> - <td>2:14½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Diabolo</td> - <td>2:14¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Merry Chimes</td> - <td>2:14¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Nuthurst</td> - <td>2:14¾</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Bob</td> - <td>2:15</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Alhambra</td> - <td>2:15</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Blondine</td> - <td>2:15</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Wardell</td> - <td>2:15</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p>“New trotters with records of 2:15 or -better:</p> - -<table summary="New trotters with records of 2:15 or better"> - <tr> - <td>Directum</td> - <td>2:11¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Muta Wilkes</td> - <td>2:14¼</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Azote</td> - <td>2:14½</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Hulda</td> - <td>2:14¾</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p>“Total number of pacers not having a -record of 2:30 or better in 1891, but now -having a record of 2:15 or better, thirty-four; -total number of trotters, four. -Finally, when we consider the fact that -a very much larger number of trotters -are trained, or attempted to be trained, -than pacers, these figures become still -more expressive of the great future possibilities -lying within the pacer’s reach -at a light harness race horse.”</p> - -<p>What wonderful progress has been the -pacer’s since the above was written! If -we were to attempt to publish the 2:15 -list to-day, it would take the next issue of -the Monthly, there being now about five -thousand, while the 2:10 list surpasses -belief. Three of them have paced miles -better than two minutes, and such names -as Star Pointer, Joe Patchen, John R. -Gentry, Direct, Robert J. and others have -made the turf bright with glorious deeds. -Truly the pacer’s development surpasses -even prophecy!</p> - -<p class="center">(To be continued.)</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>The Past is Yesterday’s present. Remember it as you build to-day.</p> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_87"></a>[87]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="Do_Farmers_Think">Do Farmers Think?</h2> - -<p class="center">By <span class="smcap">S. W. Warfield</span>.</p> - -</div> - -<p class="dropcap">This pertinent question was suggested -by a conversation between a young -farmer—a college graduate—and a young -man who had just received his diploma -from one of the leading agricultural colleges -of the country. When questioned -by the former as to what vocation he -expected to follow, the latter said: “I -guess I’ll be a farmer, because farmers -don’t have to think.” Was the young -man correct? After a day’s journey -through the country a very observant and -thoughtful man will be forced to acknowledge -that a great many farmers -do not seem to think. The amount of -high-priced machinery allowed to rust -and ruin in the fields, the haphazard way -in which grain and hay is stacked, the -utter indifference displayed in plowing -land and laying off rows, the disregard -that is paid to the washing away of the -soil, soil that was thousands of years -in forming, the fertility of which depends -upon the actions of the elements for generations; -a soil that, when once gone, is -gone forever. We are forced to admit -that all farmers do not think. When -we see farmers burning straw stacks -or filling gullies with manure, which will -soon rot, float off and carry all accumulated -soil with it, we know in that particular -they do not think. For when a -gully is stopped with manure, it is only -a question of time before it will have -to be stopped again, and the next time -the task will be greater, for there will not -be much adjoining soil with which to -stop it.</p> - -<p>When we see a farmer delving with his -whole household from daybreak till dark, -denying his children the privilege of a -common school education, trusting to luck -and brawn to carry them through life, -we have another illustration of a farmer -who does not think. For if he would -but think, he would realize that his sons, -after he was dead and gone, would prove -easy victims to the oily tongued sharper -and his hard-earned dollars would go -soon to swell the coffers of another man’s -son.</p> - -<p>A great many farmers do not think, -and to them rightly belongs the disrespectful -epithets of “Reuben” and “Hay-seed.”</p> - -<p>Admitting the foregoing, we are glad -to know that there are a great many -farmers who keep abreast the times, are -thoughtful and studious men.</p> - -<p>With the vast area of fertile soil capable -of producing vastly more of any crop -than is needed, which fact is almost every -year proven, with a herd of middlemen -manipulating the crop reports and -combining to put and keep prices down; -with this country a network of railroads, -one and all of them clamoring for freight -to haul; with shrewd managers to concoct -the “rebate scheme” to counteract -the “Interstate Commerce Law” and -“Railroad Commission,” put the farmer -of any section in direct competition with -the whole country. When the above facts -are considered, it certainly behooves every -farmer to “think” and study so that -the thinking will be on sure footing.</p> - -<p>No matter what the past has been, -the day of haphazard farming for -success and competency is gone. Farming -to-day is a scientific problem, and -a problem that requires all the thought -that can be bestowed upon it. Not a -thought for to-day or to-morrow, but -long-headed thought that studies the supply -and demand of the year ahead before -planting largely of any one crop or -launching into any new enterprise. He -must study the supply and price before -he can tell whether to hold wheat or -longer feed his cattle; must know the -needs and study the rotation to get the -best results from each crop; must think -to be able to properly harvest and care -for each crop as it matures; must think -how best to become his own financier, -and not be controlled by any bank or supply<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_88"></a>[88]</span> -merchant. He must think to live on -what he makes and make all that he -needs.</p> - -<p>The life of a shrewd, thoughtful farmer -is the most independent in the world—a -life that the followers of all trades and -professions yearn for, a life acquired only -by thought. So, in answering the question, -Do farmers think? we’ll say, If -they succeed, they do.</p> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="Nature_Nuggets">Nature Nuggets</h2> - -<p class="center">By <span class="smcap">H. Alison Webster</span>.</p> - -</div> - -<p class="dropcap">The sexuality of plants has been -known from the time of Camerarius, -1691; and yet, what farmer looks -to the strains of the seeds he plants? -How many farmers buy their seed corn -in the ear? The fact that like begets -like should never be overlooked.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>Nature’s secrets, to a great extent, have -been revealed, but if the practical man -be not acquainted with the things revealed, -to what avail their revelations? -Until teacher and practical farmer are -congenial in the full sense of the word, -the power of the soil will remain unknown.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>Plants drink and do not eat: therefore, -Nature, although robbed by man of many -methods, and now needing man’s assistance, -still provides means of converting -insoluble elements into drinkable or -water-soluble foods. All insoluble foods -brought to the surface by plowing are -decomposed by freezes, frosts and snows, -and are acted upon by carbonic acid, -other acids, oxygen and carbonate of -lime. Again, if the soil be properly conditioned -rains will carry the acids, oxygen -and lime down below the surface to -accomplish the same end. After the end -is accomplished, the soluble foods are -brought back to the plants by capillary -attraction. Humus should be in the soil -to hold the moisture or foods coming -from above and below.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>System breeds success, neglected details, -failure.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>Farming needs brains as well as brawn; -furthermore, it offers far greater opportunities -for brains than do the overcrowded -professions of the cities.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>Buy for cash, and you will get more -and need less.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>We are known by our faults and judged by the errors we make.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 200px;"> -<img src="images/i_088.jpg" width="200" height="100" alt="" /> -</div> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_89"></a>[89]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="Wouldst_Thou_Succeed">Wouldst Thou Succeed?</h2> - -</div> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">Wouldst thou succeed? Then master each detail,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Hold them in hand as reinsmen hold their steeds,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Firmly, yet urge them on. Let no false needs</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Slip up on right or left and make bewail.</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Onward—drive them yet onward, and prevail</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Ere Doubt shall sow her hesitating seeds</div> - <div class="verse indent2">To flower in Failure rank or other breeds</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Of Mishap, Chance and Ill-luck that assails.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">Wouldst thou succeed? Finish the work in hand</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Nor dabble here and there while Time goes on</div> - <div class="verse indent0">And naught is done—and one by one the sand</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Of moment, turns to heaps of hours gone.</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Finish—Finish—at the dawn of light</div> - <div class="verse indent0">’Twas stamped in stars across the perfect night.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse right"><span class="smcap">John Trotwood Moore.</span></div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 200px;"> -<img src="images/i_089.jpg" width="200" height="100" alt="" /> -</div> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_90"></a>[90]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="Stories_of_the_Soil">Stories of the Soil</h2> - -<p class="note">The Little Things of Life, Happening -All Over the World and Caught -in Ink for Trotwood’s Monthly.</p> - -</div> - -<h3>War Babies.</h3> - -<p class="dropcap">The most gigantic struggle of modern -times was the American Civil War. -In no other country but this, with its -breadth of conservativeness and its dearth -of caste, could the bitterness of such a war -have been so quickly forgotten. As it is -in a few more decades, -if the same spirit of -good feeling continues -to prevail, and the fanatics be allowed to -die a natural death, it will be a question -as to which side will have the most respect -for the brave men of the other. A -striking feature of the great war, to me, -has always been the unanimity with -which the entire country, with the probable -exception of the military leaders -themselves, expected the war to speedily -terminate. In the South the enlisted men -all feared it would end before they had -time to get into a rousing good battle, -and the same feeling appears to have existed -among the Northern volunteers.</p> - -<p>As an illustration of this feeling in the -South, in talking to an old farmer the -other day, and he a gallant cavalryman, -who belonged to Forrest’s immortal command, -he laughingly remarked, that the -greatest number of colts he ever saw at -one time was a certain Tennessee cavalry -regiment the first year after the war. -“You see,” he said, “none of us expected -the war to last over three or six months, -and never dreamed it would go over a -year. Nearly every man in our regiment -went in on his pet saddle mare or half -thoroughbred, and fully two-thirds of us -were horse breeders, on a greater or less -scale, while at home. But the war went -on, we were ordered here and there, hundreds -of miles from home with plenty of -fighting and little else to think of. We -were kept so busy that many of us, in -fact, had forgotten all about the spring -breeding, and would have been glad if it -had forgotten about itself. But not so; -the next spring there came the colts—war -babies, to be sure—dropped into a -hard world at a cruel and unmotherly -time, and before we knew it our regiment -had more colts than we knew what -to do with. I had to send my mare home -and get a fresh mount, and the others -traded around, or left dam and colt to -shift for themselves in strange and foreign -lands. I have often wondered what -became of that crop of colts, the first -breeding venture of our regiment.”</p> - -<h3>A Contest in the King’s English.</h3> - -<p>There is a young darky downtown, -at a livery stable, who has been -priding himself on his ability, as he expressed -it, “ter fling English.” But he -takes no pride in it any more. Old Wash -cured him, and it happened this way:</p> - -<p>“Wheneber I goes -down dar arter yo’ -mare,” the old darky -said, “dis heah young -niggah gins ter fling his English ’roun’ -scan’lus. I tell you, boss, I’m gittin’ -tired ob dat, an’ I’m gwi’ teach ’im how -ter talk English sho’ nuff some day. I -sw’ar to you, sah,” said the old man, as -he mopped his face with his red handkerchief, -“It’s so hot I’ve mighty nigh -multerplied, an’ I’ve got de commissary -rumertism, ter boot; but jes you watch -out fur me de naixt time dat nigger ’gins -ter fling his jaw-bone ’roun’ whar I’m -standin’—jes you watch me riddle ’im -wid sintax an’ orfrography an’ sich! Jes -you watch!”</p> - -<p>For several days after that I noticed -the old man studying an old Davies Geometry -and an obsolete work on synonyms, -which I had sent to the attic long ago—looking, -as he expressed it, for “some -good cuss-words to fit de ’casion.” But I -had forgotten all about it until one evening -I drove into the stable with him. A -sprightly young darky ran out, took the -mare by the bit, and patronizingly remarked:</p> - -<p>“Gentermen, condescen’ to disintergrate -frum de vehicle, an’ de quadruped -shall hab my unqualified solicertashun, -wid abundance ob nutrititious ellerments.” -And he smirked at the old man -as much as to say: “Don’t dat parlyze -you, old man?”</p> - -<p>“Hold on dar,” exclaimed Old Wash, and<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_91"></a>[91]</span> -his eyes flashed as he rose quickly to the -occasion: “Sonny,” he began witheringly, -“it is transparent to de interlactual -apprehension ob eny disinterested individual -dat de gravertashun of special -conceits described on de hypotonuse of -your simeon-headed eclipse, am entirely -too cumbershum fur de horizontal vinculum -dat circumscribes de radius ob -yo’ cocoanut-shaped trapezium, sah!”</p> - -<p>“Wha—wha—what dat you say, Unker -Wash?” gasped the young darky as his -jaw began to drop.</p> - -<p>“I merely riz ter interjec’ de mental -reservashun,” remarked the old man indifferently, -“dat de interlectual hemmerage -of verbosity procedin’ from de vacuum -produced by de metermorphosis ob de -origonal superstructure of de san’-stones -ob yo’ cranium, am entirely incumpatabul -wid de consterpastion of ideas generated -by de paralysis ob yo’ interlectual acumen, -sah!”</p> - -<p>“Gord, what is he sayin’?” remarked -the young negro sheepishly to the crowd -that had gathered to enjoy his discomfiture.</p> - -<p>“In udder words,” shot out the old man -again, “ter make hit entirely incomprehensibul -to de conglommerated hypothesis -ob yo’ trapezoidal interlec’, I simply -remarked dat de corporeal superfluerty -ob yo’ physical insigniferkance am entirely -too cumbersome fur de belly-band -ob yo’ mental confermashun, sah!”</p> - -<p>Here the crowd shouted, the young -darky’s eyes looked like moons, his legs -shook, and he gasped out: “Wha—wha—what -dat old man talkin’ ’bout, man?”</p> - -<p>“How long since this nigger wus cotch -in the jungles of Africa,” asked Old Wash -quietly of the proprietor of the stable, -“dat he can’t understan’ de simples’ remark -in de plaines’ of English?”</p> - -<p>And then the old man tried again. He -rolled up his sleeves, and with the air -of one who was trying to make himself -exceedingly plain he began laying it off -on his fingers and palm:</p> - -<p>“Sonny, de equilateral altertude of de -comprehenserbility ob my former observations -wus to de effect dat, if in de -course of a cummercial transacshun, I -shu’d onexpectedly negotiate fur yo’ habeas-corporosity -at its intrinsic invalidity -an’ quickly dispose of it at de exaggerated -hifolutiness of yo’ own colossal -conceitability an’ hipnartic expectashun -I’d have sufficient commercial collateral -to transpose my present habitation to de -perennial localization of de avenue called -Easy.”</p> - -<p>By this time the young darky was -fairly groveling in the dust.</p> - -<p>“Do yo’ comprehen’ dat,” yelled the old -man, “yo’ po’ benighted parallelergram, -distended from de apex of a truncated -coon (cone), yo’ bow-legged son of a -parallelopipedon—”</p> - -<p>But the old man got no further with his -geometrical swearing, for amid the -shouts of the spectators his opponent had -vanished, and as he went up the street to -have the old man arrested for swearing -in public, he remarked to the policeman -as he told his tale: “I didn’t keer, Cap’n, -’bout ’im outgineralin’ me er flingin’ English, -an’ outcussin’ me in mo’ kinder newfangled -cuss words den eber cum out ob -Turkey, but when he ’flected on my -mother by callin’ me de bow-legged-son-ob-a-parrot-an-er-pigeon-roost, -de nigger -don’t lib dat I gwi’ take dat frum!”</p> - -<p>It was a week later before Old Wash -and I had occasion to drive into the stable -again. We were met by the same darky, -who took the mare by the bit and meekly -remarked: “Light, gentlemen; I’ll take -de mair.”</p> - -<p>And the old man said: “I am so excruciatinly -rejoiced, sonny, to recognize -de rejuvernated resurrection ob de exhileratin’ -perception dat an infinertesermal -ray ob common sense has penertrated -de comatose condition ob yo’ -fibrous misunderstanding’. In other -words,” he winked, “I’se saved an ebononic -interlec frum er new-bohn grave.”</p> - -<h3>“The Little Girl.”</h3> - -<p>Pioneer days in Texas, and the prairies -unbroken by the smoke of -a single cabin. To the south the Brazos, -and to the west the buffalo lands, the -herds crawling in the distance, like huge -mud-waves on land, -toward their fall feeding -grounds.</p> - -<p>There had been raids by the Comanches, -then hot fighting with the troops -and every settler west of the Brazos had -run into the fort, each with his family, -his man-servant and maid-servant, each<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_92"></a>[92]</span> -with his cattle and his asses. For the -Comanches are wily devils and born horsemen. -One day they are here, and the -next they are not. And they go on ponies -that are as tough as their riders, and as -fast and as fearless, and no man knows -when and where they will strike.</p> - -<p>Three full companies of troops had gone -north on the track of the desperate band -who, but a few days before, had surprised -the settlers on the upper Brazos and, -after killing and scalping and plundering, -had fled, as the troops thought, northward. -The stricken settlers had been -coming in for two days, all plundered, -tired, many wounded and some still sobbing -with the grief that would never die.</p> - -<p>There were little children—motherless, -fatherless. There were mothers and -fathers who but a day before held loving -ones in their arms.</p> - -<p>Troop H, 7th Regiment, was holding -the fort while the other companies went -north to avenge.</p> - -<p>The First Lieutenant of Troop H was -a beardless youth just from West Point. -He had been shot out of West Point into -the saddle and to the front. Two months -of it had bronzed him and added two -years to his looks; but sentiment was -still in him and Romance claimed his for -her own. He had had enough fighting -for any ordinary trooper, but to-day he -felt sad that three companies had gone -north after the marauders and he—he -held the peaceful fort.</p> - -<p>The sun was setting across the great -plains and shadows had lengthened to -their uttermost when a man on a cow-pony -galloped in, not from the north, but -from the west.</p> - -<p>His pony was reeling at the first gate. -It was dead in the fort ten minutes later. -The man himself carried two Comanche -arrows sticking through a shoulder and -an arm. A gash was in his head from a -glancing arrow and blood ran from another -that had cut across his forehead.</p> - -<p>He was unconscious before the surgeon -could extract the arrows from his body, -but he said enough. The Comanches -were not north, but west—they had attacked -him in his little squatter cabin -forty miles west—they had killed all his -stock but one pony—he had no family -but a little girl—he had escaped on the -pony. “An’ the little gal—God knows—I -seed her cut for a dug-out in the side -of a hill—a kind of a cellar—where I kept -pertatoes an’ sich—then—wal—”</p> - -<p>He went to sleep.</p> - -<p>“Let him sleep,” said the surgeon, “he -is nearly gone as it is—forty miles and -blood leakin’ out of him every jump of -the pony.”</p> - -<p>Ten minutes later the bugler called -“boots and saddles,” and when Company -H wheeled in the fort’s square, the Captain -said:</p> - -<p>“Well, men, the boys are on a cold -trail. You have heard where the devils -are; we can’t all go. Half of us must -stay behind to hold the fort. I’ll be -fair to all, for I know you all want to go, -so count by twos.”</p> - -<p>“One,”</p> - -<p>“Two.”</p> - -<p>“One,”</p> - -<p>“Two.”</p> - -<p>It went down the line, one hundred -strong.</p> - -<p>“Numbers Two, ten paces forward, -march!”</p> - -<p>There was a happy smile on Numbers -Two as they spurred forward—they knew -what it meant. They were lucky.</p> - -<p>“Now, boys, you know I want to lead -you,” went on the Captain, “but it isn’t -fair. I must take my chances, too, and -tote fair with the First Lieutenant. -Lieutenant Troup will toss up with me,” -he said with a laugh as he tossed a coin -from his saddle into the air. It flashed -high up in the sunlight.</p> - -<p>“Heads for me, Lieutenant, and here’s -wishing you—”</p> - -<p>“Tails!” said the soldier who picked it -up.</p> - -<p>The Lieutenant flushed as he spurred -forward saluting. Then men cheered -again and the Captain wheeled, saying:</p> - -<p>“Take them out, Lieutenant Troup—it’s -your luck, and maybe—ah, well, you -can’t tell how many there are, you know, -and half a company is mighty few after -sending out three troops. Leave your -trinkets, men, and any message you may -wish to send home. Yes, it’s a nasty bit -of a fight you’ll be having, likely, and I -wish it had been my luck to be in it. I -have been in service a little longer, you -know, perhaps the Lieutenant might—”</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_93"></a>[93]</span></p> - -<p>But the Lieutenant only smiled and -saluted again.</p> - -<p>“I’ll do my best, Captain—war is on -and it’s my time, you know.”</p> - -<p>The Captain pressed his hand as the -Company filed out of the fort.</p> - -<p>And all the time the Lieutenant kept -thinking of the half-dead man who kept -saying even in his delirium: “An’ my -little gal—God knows—I seed her cut for -a dug-out—”</p> - -<p>The Lieutenant was young—very -young—and he was romantic. He -could see the little girl—of course she -was about sixteen—all settlers called -their grown girls little. Perhaps—well—if -she hadn’t been killed—</p> - -<p>The troup wanted to gallop, but the -Lieutenant brought them to a steady trot:</p> - -<p>“It’s all right, men, and ten miles an -hour is fast enough. We may need -our horses for all that’s in them. We’ll -be there by midnight as it is.”</p> - -<p>The moon arose and drifted higher and -higher and still the troopers struck -grimly across the plain. The wind -brought the howl of wolves—big greys—and -the yelp of coyotes, but the troopers -turned neither to the right nor left, and -the Lieutenant rode at their head, and -all the time he was wondering what had -become of the pretty girl—helpless—alone. -“An’ my little gal—God knows—I -seed her cut for a dug-out!”</p> - -<p>It was the first streak of day. The -men and horses had been resting for -four hours—those not on picket, and -some had even slept and were fresh. -But the young officer could think of nothing -but the little girl, and wonder at her -fate.</p> - -<p>They had lined in behind a few willows -that skirted a small stream and were -concealed from the view of the Indians. -Then they looked well to rifles and Colts. -The light came slowly and as they peered -through the mist where the cabin stood -only a burnt place blurred the dry grass -of the prairie. There were no Indians in -sight.</p> - -<p>“Thar—look!”</p> - -<p>It was an old Indian fighter whose keen -eyes saw it first—a thing which looked -like a potato-house butting out of a clay -bank.</p> - -<p>“Thar’s life in thar—see—it’s the little -gal, an’ she’s alive yit—see!”</p> - -<p>From the protection of small rises on -the right three Comanches galloped out -encircling the dug-out in a very generous -circle. They had slipped on the off-side -of their ponies and clung to mane and -neck, with one leg and heel thrust over -the flank.</p> - -<p>The old fighter snarled: “The cowardly -coyotes! They seem ter be mighty -skeered of a little gal. Say, but they’ve -got a whole lot o’ respect for her; she -must have a weep’n o’ some sort in thar -an’ tort ’em a crackin’ less’n with it, or -them dogs ’ud et her up befo’ now; why—thar, -by gad—”</p> - -<p>He gripped the Lieutenant’s shoulder -as a puff of smoke leaped out of the clay -bank and the foremost pony stopped so -quickly that it went down, Comanche -under.</p> - -<p>“She’s killed that Indian sho’,” cried -the old hunter in a whisper. “No live -Comanche was ever cocht under a fallin’ -pony. See.”</p> - -<p>The pony sprang quickly up—the bullet -had creased him; but marvelous the -shot!—it had gone to the exact spot -where it would bring down a pony creased -and a rider with a hole through his head.</p> - -<p>“That’s shootin’ some,” cried the old -hunter as the young officer gave the -quick commands:</p> - -<p>“Ready!”</p> - -<p>“Mount!”</p> - -<p>“Charge!”</p> - -<p>“An’ remember the little gal!” they -shouted as they broke across the plains.</p> - -<p>It was a running fight and the Indians -taken by surprise, for they were after -the thing in the dug-out. And they paid -for it—sixteen dead ones in the first half -mile. The others—they had enough to -get away from the forty troopers who -shot as they rode and shot to kill.</p> - -<p>Then the Lieutenant and ten men rode -back to the dug-out. They approached it -slowly—reverently, and all the time the -young officer was thinking of dark eyes<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_94"></a>[94]</span> -and auburn curls and the beauty and -bravery of the little girl.</p> - -<p>“Hello!” he shouted, his voice trembled -in spite of himself. “Hello!—we’re -your friends.”</p> - -<p>“Hello, yo’self—mighty glad to see -you.”</p> - -<p>“It’s the little girl, men,” shouted the -Lieutenant, boyishly, as he rushed up. -“She’s safe! hurrah!” and they gave it -with a ring.</p> - -<p>At the door he stopped short and looked -into the hole under the potato-house.</p> - -<p>Then his romance went out as the tide -to the sea.</p> - -<p>A woman at least thirty-five stood -there. Her hair was red, her features -hard, her face burned by the sun. Grim, -square jaws set off her face. There was -a line only to show where her lips met in -deadly determination. She wore moccasins -and leggins, a short skirt of deer -skin and she held in her hand a rifle that -had sent a dozen Indians to death in the -twelve long hours she had held the little -fort. Stuck in her belt were two good -pistols. A thousand Comanches with arrows -and antiquated guns could not have -taken her.</p> - -<p>“Oh!” she said, “but I’m glad to see -you. Say, but I stood ’em off all right, -didn’t I? It was awful—’specially last -night, but the moon riz an’ saved me, for -a Comanche with an arrow or a old gun -is kinder techus ’bout a rifle. Is Pap -safe?”</p> - -<p>They told her he was.</p> - -<p>“I tried to git the old fool to stay. I -told him all hell couldn’t git us out o’ -this hole, armed as we wus, lessen they -come with bilin’ water,” she laughed, -“but he got panicky an’ vamoosed on -the only pony left. Dad allers was a -gal.”</p> - -<p>“Good gad,” cried the old hunter -bluntly at last, “an’ is you the little gal -he kip talkin’ ’bout?”</p> - -<p>“Oh, he allers called me that,” she -smiled.</p> - -<p>“Well, you’re the gamest little gal I -ever seed,” and he wrung her hand while -the others followed suit. “An’ you’re our -little gal now,” went on the old hunter, -proudly, “an’ as I ain’t seed one like you -since mine died years ago, I’d—I’d—I’d -lak to kiss you jes onct for her,” he -stammered.</p> - -<p>“Oh, you shet up,” she said hotly. -“D’ye think I stood off a lot o’ Comanches -all night to be rewarded by kissin’ -a old grizzly like you? But say,” she -added, hesitating, and with a laugh, “I -wouldn’t mind kissin’ that pretty little -boy thar!”</p> - -<p>There was a wild shout from the men, -but the young Lieutenant had turned to -mount his horse.</p> - -<p>“Any way you belong to Company H,” -said the old hunter.</p> - -<h3>A Preface.</h3> - -<p>At the request of the ladies of a church -in Marion, Alabama, Trotwood wrote the -following Preface, a few weeks ago for -a cook-book which the ladies -are publishing with a view -of paying off a church debt:</p> - -<p>The climate, the soil, the very air play -their part in the art of good recipes. -The cooking of the North and West is -very different from that of the South, for -Southern recipes are the products of sunshine -and Southlands, of culture, of rest, -of the Old South.</p> - -<p>And nowhere has the Old South flowered -to sweeter perfume than in my -native town of Marion. Macaulay’s New -Zealander, if placed in Delmonico’s -would straightway beckon for cold clam, -and good King Edward, if stranded in -New Zealand, would soon fish an oyster -cocktail out of some unruffled kiss of the -sea.</p> - -<p>Recipes, indeed, are a test of one’s -civilization—one’s religion—one’s mentality. -They are the products of the -centuries beginning with the primitive -clam and ending with the thousand glories -of the oyster. They are the literature -of the laughter which comes with -good eating, the bon mots of jolly stomachs, -the sparkle of centuries of good -cheer, the morals of mucous membranes, -the religion of healthy livers.</p> - -<p>Charles Lamb tells us that roast pig, -for instance, was accidentally discovered -by the primitive man in the burning of -his crude stable in which was a litter of -pigs. After that, fires were frequent and -log stables few. And I doubt not if the -history of every good recipe in this splendid<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_95"></a>[95]</span> -collection were traced to its birth, -it would show an unbroken line of progress -as clearly defined as Magna Charta.</p> - -<p>Think not lightly, then, of the book, -for you have in your hand the concentrated -perfection of the culinary ages. -The dash of Caesar into Briton, the -strength of the Dane, the brilliancy of -the Norman, the excellency of Angle and -Saxon, the glory of the English and the -old Scotch. It is history, religion, progress. -It is a novel more interesting -than all novels, a poem which made Tennyson -possible.</p> - -<p>I have not read these recipes. I speak -from higher authority. I have tasted -them. From my infancy up I have known -them. They are part of my life and this -article returned to them is a feeble result -of their cause. They are interwoven -with the memory of my home, in the -song of the pine tree, in the opal gleam -of the old red hills, in the sweetness, the -culture, the religion of Marion. And to-night, -should Abou Ben Adhem’s Angel -come to me and ask for the name of -one blessed beyond his dues, I would -answer: “It is I, O Angel, blessed beyond -words in the mother I had, in the -father; blessed in my birthplace, in the -people among whom I grew up, in the -moral sweetness of their schools and -churches, blessed that I was born in</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="center">MARION.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">An opal sky and a sea of green,</div> - <div class="verse indent6">Marion.</div> - <div class="verse indent0">And ruby-red the hills between,</div> - <div class="verse indent6">Marion.</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Twilight tints that blend and shine</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Through sinking clouds and sighing pine—</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Dear native land—sweet mother mine—</div> - <div class="verse indent6">Marion.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">Rest and peace and sweet release,</div> - <div class="verse indent6">Marion.</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Home and the loves that never cease,</div> - <div class="verse indent6">Marion.</div> - <div class="verse indent0">O, cradling stars from out the glen—</div> - <div class="verse indent0">O, sweet moon-mother, come again—</div> - <div class="verse indent0">O, Peace that passeth human ken—</div> - <div class="verse indent6">Marion.</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="The_Tennessee_Jersey">The Tennessee Jersey</h2> - -<p class="center"><span class="smcap">By W. J. Webster.</span></p> - -<p class="note">NOTE.—Mr. W. J. Webster developed -two of the three greatest cows of the -world to championship honors, and has -made more great churn tests than, perhaps, -any other living man. His experience -is of the practical kind.—Ed.</p> - -</div> - -<p class="dropcap">This has become a well-known name -among Jersey cattle breeders of the -United States and frequently used in -advertising strains of blood by the various -owners. This is easily accounted -for by the high stand taken by Jersey -cows owned, developed and bred in Tennessee. -Many years ago the pioneer -breeders of this favorite dairy breed of -cattle, Major Campbell Brown, Judge -Thos. H. Malone, M. C. Campbell, M. -M. Gardner, and the writer of this article, -W. J. Webster, built their herds on -a very solid foundation:</p> - -<p>First—Constitution and ability to stand -long continued high feed.</p> - -<p>Second—Richness of milk as well as -quantity, but with the goal always centered -on production of butter as ascertained -by actual test, without any instrument, -calculation or guess work. The -churn was adopted as a test system.</p> - -<p>Third—Beauty, symmetry and general -conformity. We early in our course of -breeding determined that beauty of cattle -should not be ignored, but was an -element certainly in the sale. Therefore, -Tennessee Jerseys were bred for -all these qualities claimed and I do not -think that anywhere in the United States -a more uniform or more beautiful set -of animals could be found.</p> - -<p>The Middle Basin of Tennessee is especially -adapted to the breeding, rearing -and developing of this cow. We -have here the elements of the soil entering -into the blood of the animal which -I think develops them more highly than -in any other portion of the United States. -We have lime rock and bone phosphate -of lime entering into the water they -drink, and the bluegrass and other grasses -that they eat, corn, oats and hay -consumed by them, and also mingled with -enough iron so that the very highest -opportunities are available for their -growth. This thought applies not alone<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_96"></a>[96]</span> -to the Jersey cow but to the whole animal -kingdom as evidenced by the fact -that some of the finest race horses in -the world, either running or pacing -horses, have been developed in this Middle -Basin of Tennessee. In point of climate -we are exceptionally well located, all -things considered, about the same as -the Isle of Jersey, the original home of -the Jersey cow. No wonder then that -with the additional advantages of our -soil mentioned above the Jersey has developed -wonderfully in Tennessee.</p> - -<p>The question is sometimes asked why -prices have declined the last twelve or -fifteen years. My reply is that prices -have not declined all over the United -States, but that the old breeders have -dropped out in Tennessee and that there -are now very few breeders in Tennessee -paying any attention to the development -of the Jersey cow. Recently Messrs. -Overton and Gardner, of Nashville, have -begun to pay more attention to it and -I predict that if this is continued the -prices will again rise for they have not -fallen in New York and other centers, -but the present year sales are higher than -they have ever been at auction, as shown -by the general average at the Cooper -sale of over six hundred dollars per head, -a single animal bringing ten thousand -dollars and that in a sale of over a hundred -animals. So it is not a declining -in the prices of the breed cattle but simply -a lack of driving their interests in -Tennessee.</p> - -<p>The system of testing Jerseys and -knowing exactly what they were capable -of doing did more to develop them than -anything else. The American is always -an eminently practical man and wants -to know what he is doing instead of -guessing. The Tennessee breeders inaugurated -this test system, Messrs. -Campbell Brown, Thos. H. Malone, M. -M. Gardner and W. J. Webster having -edited the first compilation of test in the -United States as a venture of their own -and at their own risk and expense; then -turned it over to the Club of American -Jersey Cattle Breeders, and the work -has been continued by the club since that -time. Prior to this time tests were reported -to newspapers and frequently -tests were claimed for ancestors of cattle -that subsequent research showed -were either tests for one day multiplied -by seven, making it an estimate test, or -in some instances that they did not exist -at all. It therefore required a large -amount of labor to run down by correspondence -all this and procure from their -owners the actual tests, and these were -published with the tabulated pedigree of -the cow. This work caused a boom in -the Jersey family shown to be prominent, -and this has continued all along where -they were pushed and developed. Tennessee -breeders were fortunate in having -laid well their foundation as it was -based on such cows as Landseer’s Fancy, -Oonan, Duchess of Bloomfield, Beeswax, -Kate Gordon and other prominent and -beautiful cows and it so happened that -the cows named possessed all the requisites, -constitution, richness and beauty, -and no money was spared in heading the -herd with such animals as Imported Tormentor, -Signalda, Ida’s Stoke Pogis, Gold -Basis, Southern Prince and other noted -animals too numerous to mention. From -these came what is known as the Tennessee -Jerseys, possessing constitution, -richness and beauty. As proof of the -wonderful development of these cows any -person who desires to be informed has -only to consult the test books in charge -of the American Jersey Cattle Club to -find that the richest cattle ever bred, -owned and developed were in Tennessee: -Bisson’s Belle with the yearly test of -1,028 pounds and fifteen ounces, that -held the champion cup, was developed -in Tennessee; Landseer’s Fancy tested -936 pounds fourteen and three-quarter -ounces in one year, was developed in -Tennessee and held the cup. She and -her descendants are known for their extreme -richness: so marvelously rich that -they were compelled to demonstrate their -ability to make this test again and again, -a number of times by official tests, by disinterested -committees and verified by -chemical analysis.</p> - -<p>I could not in this article undertake to -give a list of Jersey cows from Tennessee -in the honor roll, but only mention a -few of the prominent ones: Ethleel the -Second, 30 pounds 15 ounces at two and -one-half years old; Landseer’s Fancy, 29<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_97"></a>[97]</span> -pounds one-half ounce; Bisson’s Belle, -28 pounds 10 ounces; Toltec’s Fancy, 27 -pounds 5½ ounces—this cow was officially -tested by the Alabama experiment -station and Major Campbell Brown, and -her milk analyzed at Vanderbilt University -confirms the test showing butter -fat 16.32 per cent, equivalent to one -pound of butter to 4.79 of milk; Oonan, -22 pounds 2½ ounces; Duchess of Bloomfield, -20 pounds one-half ounce; Cherokee -Rose, 23 pounds 10 ounces. And I might -continue even from memory, as this -article is dictated from memory (no -records being before me), and give a -long list. But for the purposes of this -article it would be useless and simply a -compilation that the people would not -read, so I only call attention to the fact -that the champion cup, a large silver urn -costing five hundred dollars, was held -only four times in all; twice in Tennessee -against the whole United States. -But to prove that the Tennessee Jersey -has life in any other hands, scattered -far and wide over the United States we -have only to look at the work of the -last great test at the Louisiana Purchase -Exposition at St. Louis to show -what their descendants have done.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 700px;"> -<img src="images/i_097.jpg" width="700" height="450" alt="" /> -<p class="caption">BISSON’S BELLE.</p> -</div> - -<p>The American Jersey Cattle Club has -published a pamphlet giving the work -of the Jersey team of twenty-five selected -from all over the United States under a -committee appointed by the American -Jersey Cattle Club which showed no -favoritism, but the cows were judged for -entrance into this team by preliminary -tests at St. Louis and then the team selected -by a committee. It ought to be -very gratifying to the old breeders in -Tennessee to analyze this pamphlet and -find that the cattle bred, owned and -developed in Tennessee have, through -their descendants, put their mark on -thirteen of the twenty-five. It certainly -is very pleasant to the writer of this to -find that Tormentor, owned by Major -Campbell Brown, placed his mark on -twelve of the twenty-five; Landseer’s -Fancy, owned by the writer, on seven; -Oonan, six; Toltec’s Fancy, four. Only -one other cow in the United States, of -co-temporaneous age, competes with -them with six, this cow Erotas.</p> - -<p>It is also to be noted that No. 1 of the -team of twenty-five champion over own -team, the champion cow of all breeds at -the World’s Fair, is a descendant from -cattle owned, bred and developed by old -Tennessee breeders. I do not mean, of -course, that she is composed entirely of -this blood, but she takes her line directly -back from Chemical Test bred in -Tennessee, son of Toltec’s Fancy, that -in turn was daughter of Landseer’s -Fancy. So carrying the blood of Tormentor, -Landseer’s Fancy and Oonan.</p> - -<p>Then permit an old breeder to make -the suggestion that what has been done<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_98"></a>[98]</span> -once could be done now even to greater -advantage if taken up and the proper -amount of energy, zeal and intelligence -bestowed upon it. Prices would again -revive and Jersey interests in Tennessee -would again develop. Why should young -breeders of the country neglect the natural -advantages we have, backed by experience -and the development of the -breed already accomplished? I think if -there ever was a time that is exceedingly -favorable for this industry it is -now.</p> - -<p>Commencing with Landseer’s Fancy, -then giving about thirty pounds of milk -per day, which made under test 14 -pounds 6 ounces in one week, I fed -and developed her through a long series -of years, using more and more concentrated -food and less bran, until in the -end she was capable of digesting two -gallons at a feed, equal parts corn and -oats, with one-half gallon of bran (pure -wheat bran), and when making her maximum -amount of butter—29 pounds one-half -ounce—was giving only from twenty -to twenty-three pounds of milk per -day, and subsequently went as low as -seventeen or eighteen pounds of milk per -day, holding her own with regard to the -butter. So it will be seen that from the -commencement she lost in quantity of -milk, but under such feed gained in butter. -Her milk was so remarkably rich -as also her daughter, Toltec’s Fancy’s -milk, that, for a long time having the -test questioned notwithstanding the -fact that she had always proven by repeated -official tests all claims made for -her, finally resorted to glass jars made -of heavy glassware wherein her whole -milk was placed after each milking and -placed under seal as usual in official -tests so that when lifted from the water -the line of cream and milk would be -seen, and it was demonstrated that it -was almost entirely cream, being about -three-fourths to seven-eighths cream. -This cow was exceptional, or I might say, -her whole family was exceptional in such -remarkable rich production. But she -handed down to her descendants the same -tendency to richness in other hands long -years afterwards. She has two sons with -over seventy daughters in the honor roll -of the Jerseys, and five daughters all in -the fourteen-pound class and upwards, -and it would be hard to give a list of her -descendants in the fourteen-pound class. -I should say something over two hundred. -This cow, with others handled by me, was -fed according to the capacity of each cow -to digest the corn and oats ground together, -with grass, hay and running -water at will. On this point I cannot too -strongly emphasize the fact that Tennessee -is better located and supplied -with running water than any place I -have ever seen. With all the bluegrass -and other facilities of Kentucky, Ohio, -Illinois and Indiana, they lack running -water for the cows to drink and the -running water to set the milk in.</p> - -<p>I have tried every known experiment -in raising the cream on the milk for the -best results, but in all I have ever tried -I have never found anything equal to the -stone spring-house with wire gauze over -the windows to keep out all insects, -ceiled overhead with plank (not plastered), -and set the milk in jars, either -stone or glass, when first drawn from -the cow warm, in the water about 56 to -59 degrees temperature. The temperature -of the milk soon becomes the same -temperature as the water and remains -stationary until all the cream is raised -in the milk. The current of water keeps -the air in the spring-house fresh and -clean and every facility is given for the -production of butter.</p> - -<p>In building the various spring-houses -that I used on the different farms at -different times, I always used what is -known as the test-room, about six feet -wide across the entire spring-house, a -wall of brick or stone cemented inside -and out, with only one door and window -in the same, both of which could be -placed under seal by any committee -called to test the cattle at any time, or -used by myself and manager in making -private tests, so that the milk of the cow -under test could be kept absolutely untampered -with by any person. And the -tests made by me were made in this way -and verified by various committees and -also by chemical analysis. So that when -I went out of breeding Jerseys I know -that I had more official tests than any<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_99"></a>[99]</span> -Jersey breeder, and probably at one time -as much as all combined.</p> - -<p>I believe in the theory that especial -families of Jerseys are capable of being -fed so as to grow richer after long continued -feed. Some will not. There is a -limit that will be found in nearly all of -them.</p> - -<p>In testing cattle it was always my -purpose to ascertain the maximum of -food capable of being digested by any -cow under test, and fall slightly below -this quantity of feed so as to keep her -appetite always whetted.</p> - -<p>Another point was that she be fed -regularly and preferably, not over twice -a day with concentrated foods, and thus -giving the stomach all the time to do its -work. I have seen many a test disturbed -by feeding only a small amount of grain -at the dinner time out of order. It disturbs -the entire digesting of the animals -and will probably throw them off a day -or two. When undisturbed, the same cow -will come up at night and take her -regular feed and not be disturbed in her -test at all. It may be thought that this -is going into detail too much, but small -details sometimes have wonderful influence -in handling any animal. A horse -may be just on edge for a race and some -small circumstance occur that disturbs it. -So with the wonderful mechanism of the -cow making her four pounds of butter -per day, she must be handled very carefully.</p> - -<p>But it may be said, what profit is there -in all this? My reply is that if Landseer’s -Fancy had not been tested as she -was and thoroughly developed her descendants -might have passed unnoticed -and we would have been none the wiser -as to the capabilities of this family. I -have taken her as an instance because -more familiar with her history than -others, and because she was the hub -around which the herd revolved. I paid -$175 for her, and, on calculation of her -descendants owned by me and sold to -others, she realized nearly $30,000 without -any calculation as to her milk and -butter. She entered into and formed -the web and woof of what was known as -The Columbia Jersey Cattle Company’s -herd. She was sold subsequently when -that corporation was wound up to Messrs. -Webster and Morrow and entered the -great herd at Nashville.</p> - -<p>This Columbia Jersey Cattle Company -organized with a capital stock of $20,000, -paid a dividend of 14 per cent or over -per annum, and the stock was retired at -par with all debts paid; one of the most -successful of all Jersey cattle enterprises -I was ever in. I think the last -year, with about thirty working cows -and the dairy receipts of thirty-six hundred -dollars and over and the sales of -calves and cattle from the herd, with the -herd products and heifers added, was -something over ten thousand dollars.</p> - -<p>It was then located at Indian Camp -Springs, about three miles from Columbia -and an ideal place for a spring-house, -the spring being about fifty nine feet -above the spring-house and coming to -the spring-house through a four inch -pipe, but the water had to be cut off so -that it would run slowly into the spring-house, -and when we wanted to work the -butter in the churn it would be turned -on into the hose and the butter thoroughly -washed.</p> - -<p>Young breeders cannot adopt a better -formula for feed than the one I have -suggested, which is cheap also in the -long run, for it is a farm product and it -is not necessary to buy on the market, -but it can be produced on the farm. Besides -this, no cow will stand commercial -feed as she will this corn and oats in -equal parts. It is nearer suited to nature -and she can stand this feed longer -without injury than any commercial food. -When I say corn and oats in equal parts -I mean bushel for bushel mixed and -ground together. If any one will think -a minute there is nothing deleterious in -this food. You can get it absolutely pure, -whereas if you go to market to buy bran -to feed the cattle on you do not know -what you are getting, sometimes the -sweeping of the mill floor and any old -waste the miller is pleased to throw off. -The Jersey breeder ought essentially to -be a farmer and raise on his own farm -what his herd consumes and thus market -the products of the farm.</p> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_100"></a>[100]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="In_The_Open">In The Open</h2> - -<p class="note">(Note.—Under this head communications -are invited from the open—of gun, -dog and rod—stories of hunting, fishing, -traveling, etc.—Ed.)</p> - -</div> - -<h3>A PRAIRIE CHICKEN HUNT IN NORTH DAKOTA.</h3> - -<p class="center">By Trotwood.</p> - -<p class="dropcap">Every citizen of this great republic -should travel over his own country. -He will be amazed at its greatness, and -his prejudices and local conceits, if he -have any breadth at all, will grow fewer -the further he goes, and learns that the -world cares nothing for the petty environments -and embroilments of his own -bailiwick.</p> - -<p>The most attractive country in the -Northwest is the great prairies of the -Dakotas. I thought I had some idea of -their immensity, of their greatness, until -for one solid day and night I raced across -them by fast express, and saw by day -the pillar of their cloud of smokestacks—for -it was harvest time—on each side, -as far as the boundless horizon, and each -cloud a thresher from whose funnel -poured the wheat of the nation.</p> - -<p>There is something in mere land to -me—any kind of land—soil, you may call -it—dirt—I care not what. But I love -it just as I hate brick walls and -city pavements. There is something -about it, from the rocks and hills to the -level, plowed valleys, that is clean and -good. It means independence and honesty -and clean living. It may not mean -shrewdness and polish and that smart -education which comes from living by -one’s wits in a great walled-in home of -wits, but it means independence and the -rest that made Shakespeare.</p> - -<p>When I saw the Dakotas, I wondered -how the white man had stayed away -from them as long as he had. Perhaps -it were better for the staying, starving, -striving quality of our forefathers that -this grand garden spot of the Northwest -lay hid between the mountains and -the sea, instead of stretching up and -down the coast. It were better for their -children that fathers should toil in sand -and flint. It puts flint into the children—steel—gameness—the -spirit to do.</p> - -<p>One generation of striving poverty -makes flint; two, steel; three, well, you -have heard of Andrew Jackson, of Lincoln, -perhaps. Study the poverty of -their pedigrees, for it takes poverty to -make a pedigree.</p> - -<p>The first immigrants to our shores -came solely for gold, it is said. What -kind of a republic would we have to-day -if they had landed on the Pacific slope of -gold instead of the Atlantic slope of -rocks?</p> - -<p>And yet, America is run over with people -to-day who think that gold is everything. -They think it so hard that the -land is filled with trusts and steals and -the things which breed greed and guilt. -They should learn—they must learn—that, -as the making of money is the lowest -of all human talents—the talent of -self first, which is the lowest instinct of -all life—so is its talent for getting the -lowest, meanest of all talents. “All my -life,” says Edison, “I have been trying -to keep away from mean people who -make money.”</p> - -<p>Fargo I found to be a beautiful and -prosperous city, and the soil of the country -around it, as it had been for two -hundred miles, truly a glory and an -inspiration. If this land had the climate -of the South it could feed the world. -As it is, Nature, who adjusts herself -to environments, acts quickly here, and -I was surprised at the stories of its -productiveness in the short season it -had. Nay, mine own eye beheld it, for -never had I seen such wheat, barley -and small grain, such cabbage, beets, -turnips, vegetables of all kinds.</p> - -<p>There was a greatness and vastness -everywhere. As far as the eye could -see, even beyond the rim of the horizon, -it was vast—vast. And that always -affects me peculiarly. After I have seen -as far as the eye will reach, I become -homesick. I have a sacred, sad longing<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_101"></a>[101]</span> -to see and go farther and uplift the -veil.</p> - -<p>I rejoiced in the fact that there were -no trees, no high hills, nothing to break -the great canvas of vastness—a bivouac -of eternity dotted with millions of camps -of wheat shocks, fringed with the -splendor of a vast, pure sky, and framed -in the purpling splendor of a horizon -of blue and gold. The little ten acre lots -of dwarf trees the Government has -forced the settlers to plant, I liked them -not. They were warts, merely, on the -brow of Eternity. The great, rich, boundless, -beautiful prairies were there as -God had Intended them to be—Nature’s -handiwork, with splendid harmony in its -whole.</p> - -<p>No picture ever painted has equalled -it—for Nature never makes a mistake -in her pictures. She never sticks a -bunch of dwarf trees where the great, -grand prairies should roll away.</p> - -<p>There is but little difference between -the Dakota prairies and the ocean. The -difference is that only between the -imagination and the fact. And looking -over them, standing in them, seeing the -ceaseless waves rippling across the seas -of wheat or the white caps come spinning -from the uplifted heads of them, -again and again I caught myself repeating -Byron’s lines:</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">“Thou glorious mirror, where the Almighty’s form</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Glasses itself in tempests, in all time,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Calm or convulsed, in breeze or gale or storm,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Icing the pole, or in the torrid clime</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Dark heaving;—boundless, endless and sublime—</div> - <div class="verse indent0">The image of Eternity—the throne</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Of the Invisible; even from out thy slime</div> - <div class="verse indent0">The monsters of the deep are made; each zone</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Obeys thee; thou goest forth, dread fathomless, alone.”</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - -<p>Lisbon is a beautiful little town, and -one comes upon it so suddenly it is a -surprise. For hours nothing but the -grand, great prairies, billowed in wheat -waves, smoke-plumed with thresher -stacks. Then down you go into a beautiful -valley—the valley of the Cheyenne, -and nestling on its banks clean, church-spired, -sits this up-to-date town.</p> - -<p>I landed in good luck there, for I had -anticipated the pleasure of meeting old -friends and relatives—a cousin whom -my mother had reared and who to me -had always been a sister—but I had the -additional good luck to fall into the -hands of Mr. Geo. W. Ferguson, the county -treasurer, and the owner of Raymond -S. by Montevideo, the handsomest young -trotting sire it has been my good -fortune to see in any State. And -I found the blooded stock interest alive -and growing in all that section, and -surely no place under the skies has a -better license to rear them. In the -hands of Mr. Ferguson and Mr. W. B. -Stone, the county game-warden, I realized -one of the dreams of my life—a -prairie chicken shoot. If you have never -indulged in one, go a thousand miles -to Dakota—and every year will find you -wanting to go again. It was a bright, -crisp morning in September, and Mr. -Stone’s beautiful setter bitch was good -and fit. I had been out early to see -some threshers at work in the wheat, -and a little shower coming up I had gotten -wet. This in the South would have -meant two hours’ dampness, and a cold, -but imagine my surprise, in a short -while, to find the ground dry and myself -with it, very dry! In the rarefied air of -this great country I do not believe one -can get wet unless he is foolish enough -to drink water.</p> - -<p>Mr. Ferguson met me later with his -surrey and two spanking red-sorrel trotting -mares, as well bred as Raymond S, -and away we went across the prairie -after the chickens. The ride itself was -pleasure enough—forever going through -that beautiful black loam, as tempting -to the eye of the man who loves the soil -as a cobwebbed bottle or a fat capon to -the stomach of a priest. For it was -bespangled with red berries, ripe heads -of flax, golden stubbles of wheat and oats -and barley, red grasses finer than ever -bluegrass grows to be and richer than all -tame blades.</p> - -<p>My first covey is pictured forever in -my mind. The bitch came to a staunch<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_102"></a>[102]</span> -stand near a low, marshy place, where -the grass was blue green and studded -with fall flowers. On all sides were -shocks of wheat, and away in the distance -the interminable smokestacks of -busy threshers. I walked up and took -it all in—I stamped the picture forever -on my mind. I wanted it there -that I might always see it—the very -clouds, the distant horizon, the golden -stubble-blades, the very silence that -hangs like a benediction over the land. -And all over it and above everything -that beautiful Llewellyn bitch, frozen in -living marble before me.</p> - -<p>“Is it possible,” I thought, “that nothing -is between these birds and me but -the air?” No pines of Alabama and -Mississippi, no thickets on the creeks of -Louisiana, no wooded lots and big hills -of Tennessee, no barb-wire fence with -hideous signs stuck up warning me that -some hog lived there on posted land? -All my life I had shot quail under those -conditions. Now—now—nothing but me -and the pure, clear air and the boundless, -rolling prairies and that dog of -marble waiting for the word, to flush a -dozen prairie hens squatting in the stubble -ready to rise with a cyclone’s rush on -wings of thunder. I stood frozen—like -the dog. I could not move. My heart -beat like a race-horse in the back stretch, -making me take long breaths and swallow -hard as I came to the hunter’s attention. -Then!—</p> - -<p>Never arose before mortal man so -thrilling a sight. They sucked me forward -like the gust of a passing express, -like the roar of a wind storm, like the -burst of sun from a cloud, thunder-lined. -The earth of stubble quivered to their -wings of thunder and the air pulsed like -a man-of-war when the big guns bellow -to port.</p> - -<p>But I did not forget to fire—oh, no! -Man is a killing animal by instinct, and -a hog by nature, and neither poetry nor -romance nor the wild glory of the great -fields can stop him from killing when his -killing blood is up and his stomach is -at stake. Yes, I fired—once—twice—and -I shot to kill. Two beautiful ones I -picked with lightning glance from the -splendid covey—two glorious ones that -fairly split the air in the wild joy of -escape, only suddenly to—</p> - -<p>Well, “the rest is silence,” as Shakespeare -said, when Hamlet died, and it -is the same death that will come to -you and me—the end will be just as -sudden, whether we fall in the mid-day -of life or fall to the slow fever of age. -They fell but ten feet apart and I walked -up and looked down on them—the proud, -beautiful creatures now limp and lifeless.</p> - -<p>I took them up and fondled them—I -wanted to kiss them, they were so quiet -now and warm, still splendid in death.</p> - -<p>Mr. Stone had killed his brace also, but -being more experienced, had shot them -farther off.</p> - -<p>“You killed yours too close,” he said, -as I stood fondling the limp and beautiful -birds. “You should have waited up to -fifty yards or seventy.”</p> - -<p>“Yes,” I said, “you see it is my quail -hunting instinct. I had my first lesson -in shooting quail in the pine woods of -Alabama, and let me tell you, I laughed, -it may be wrong, but it’s dead easy killing -those big, beautiful hens. Honestly, -except for their lightning flight I thought -I was shooting at Tennessee guineas.”</p> - -<p>Mr. Stone laughed: “You wait and -see,” he said.</p> - -<p>“Why, if you want to know what real -shooting is,” I went on, “you just get -up a covey of piny wood quail, where -every mother’s chick of them is taught -from his pipping moment to place a pine -tree between him and a load of shot, and -do it in the first twenty feet. You have -got to shoot quick.”</p> - -<p>We had walked away across the stubble -to where they had gone down, scattered. -Suddenly—</p> - -<p>“There they are,” said my companion. -As we came on the bitch frozen again.</p> - -<p>“Now, you first,” said Mr. Stone, -kindly, “it’s a single bird.”</p> - -<p>Up went the bird with his thunder of -wings. I don’t know how it happened—I -can’t see how it happened to this -day. I think I was thinking of Alabama -quail or Tennessee “patterges,” as Old -Wash calls them, but when I fired and -the great game cock went on about his -business, I got busy seeing what ailed<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_103"></a>[103]</span> -my gun, and wondering why we always -fall down about the time we think we -are mounted on as many legs as a centipede. -Mr. Stone was too polite to refer -to my previous remarks, and I watched -the big fellow sail away with more respect -for the sport.</p> - -<p>A little further on the Llewellyn again -stood, and this time it was my companion’s -first shot. And here is where I -did a shameless thing—but I couldn’t -help it, to save my life.</p> - -<p>Up went the bird, and I saw the old -hunter throw up his gun. I listened for -the report, but on sailed the bird, fairly -eating space—on—on—fifty—sixty—seventy -yards.</p> - -<p>My fingers itched, my arms jerked -upward, my gun jumped to my shoulder. -“Great heavens,” I thought, “the -bird is gone! His gun won’t fire”—</p> - -<p>The report of my gun and the collapse -of the bird came just a second before his.</p> - -<p>He looked around astonished. “Pray -forgive me,” I said. “I have acted the -hog, but I was sure something was the -matter with your gun.”</p> - -<p>He laughed: “I was just waiting for -it to get a little farther away.”</p> - -<p>After that I shot them farther off, and -by noon we had eleven beauties, filling -up the front of our surrey, upon which my -eye feasted in delight.</p> - -<p>We decided we had enough, and towards -evening we drove across the -cooling, sweet grasses to a group of -pretty little lakes or ponds in the hollow -depression of the land. These we found -literally covered with Spoonbills, Teal, -Mallard and Red-heads, and then we had -sport royal and of another kind. They -were wary, though, very; and we had to -crawl on our stomach for a quarter of a -mile to get to them, Mr. Stone on the -far side, to fire first and send them over -me. And when his gun sounded once, -twice, here they came toward me, I -lying flat in the grass. I picked two -big ones leading the flock, knowing if -I didn’t get the kings I’d get the knights -and pawns behind them. I didn’t get -the king, but down tumbled a Red-head, -a Mallard—one—two—three—four! Good -heaven! Did I kill all of them? I -saw smoke drifting across my left. Mr. -Stone had turned his old Winchester repeater -on them, also, and so I gave -him credit for everything but the redhead, -for I shot at him. This was our -sport—from one lake to another, until -we had shot enough, and the ride home -across the starlit prairies and under the -cool, bracing air of that boundless, glorious -country.</p> - -<p>Can you not see how two days of that -kind of sport is worth all drunken yacht -trips, and all the heart-breaking, dust-killing -automobile rides in the world? -You feel it bodily and spiritually for -years, and remember it with pleasure all -your life.</p> - -<p>So here’s to the grand Dakotas and -their hospitable people and their splendid -birds!</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>The Philosopher reasons and says it cannot be done. The Doer -tries and does.</p> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_104"></a>[104]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="Modern_Cotton_Culture">Modern Cotton Culture</h2> - -<p class="center">By <span class="smcap">E. I. Woodfin, of Alabama</span></p> - -</div> - -<p class="dropcap">There is no subject which is of more -vital interest to the South and to -the whole world than successful cotton culture. -In spite of the repeated claims to -the contrary, in which every now and -then it is predicted that certain areas in -Africa, India, China and South America -will be devoted to cotton, the fact remains -that that strip of country lying -on the map of the Southern part of the -United States is the finest cotton belt -in the world, and so far absolutely the -only large body of land that has ever -produced year in and out any very great -amount of the fleece. That it will continue -to be the world’s field for cotton for -centuries remains clearly proven, not only -because of its adaptability but because -upon it live an intelligent and industrious -branch of the great white race, to guide -and direct and work and this race of people -have the best labor in the world to -assist—the negro.</p> - -<p>In the early days this great cotton plantation, -as the South might almost be -called, suffered greatly from careless and -improvident cultivation in which the rich -soil lost much that might have been kept -in it. The great thing now is to reclaim -and build up and at the same time produce -cotton for the steadily increasing -demand, which is more as each year goes -by. With these preliminary remarks, and -the further one that I cannot better illustrate -my subject than to quote my own -personal experience and with apology for -the personal tenor of this paper, I shall -give to others the benefits of my limited -success.</p> - -<p>However, in every profession of life, -each aspirant strives for golden results, -and as I feel that my harvests for the -past few years have increased several -fold, perhaps the practical farmer may -benefit some one.</p> - -<p>In 1895 I purchased my farm containing -about 200 acres. At that time the -natural resources of the soil were almost -completely exhausted, the produce from -one acre being about one-third of a bale -when planted to cotton. I realized there -was no money from so small a yield as -that so determined first to try to restore -the impoverished soil—the soil which for -fifty years had been planted in cotton. -The clean culture that cotton requires -had exhausted the humus from the soil, -and it’s almost impossible to make any -money on cotton grown on such soil. I -decided that rotation of crops was the -best and cheapest way of restoring this -soil. I divided my land into four fields, -fencing each field with wire. No. 1 I used -for a permanent pasture. No. 2 I planted -in cotton. No. 3 half in corn, the other -half in oats, followed by peas. No. 4 I -used as a temporary pasture, thereby giving -the soil a much needed rest. Don’t -be afraid to do this; the cattle and hogs -sold from it will pay you some rent, and -in the improvement of your land lies -the increase of your bank account. Having -started this rotation, I have kept -it up, letting cotton follow corn and oats, -corn and oats follow temporary pasture, -and pasture following cotton. Could you -see the result you would say with me that -rotation is the keynote to successful cotton -culture. Occasionally a farmer will -have the seasons very favorable and -make a good crop on land deficient in -humus, but what we are striving for is -to make a paying crop every year. This -restoration of humus is a wonderful safeguard -against excessive wet or dry weather. -Stable manure supplies this much-wanted -humus, but our supply is very -limited; from the number of stock required -to work this amount of land we -get only enough to cover three or four -acres. But we farmers have to acquire -patience, anyway. Take your field that -has been planted in corn, oats and peas, -as soon as the stock has finished up what -the mower left (we save all the pea -vines we can for feed). Now, turn under -all stubble with a two-horse plow. If this -is well done, it will decompose before -planting time, if you finished with the -plowing early enough, thereby adding -much humus to the soil, as well as nitrogen -stored there by the pea crop. The -custom is to break this land flat, but -I prefer to lay mine off in beds from the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_105"></a>[105]</span> -first. My land is now bedded, and it is -about time to commence planting. My -fertilizer distributor is started about two -days ahead of my cotton planter. The -fertilizer is put in drill not over three or -four inches deep, and is to be followed -by a harrow. Now, get the best cotton -seed. I use what I consider the best. I -won’t tell you of its many good qualities -for fear you will think this an advertisement. -After the cotton has come up to -a good stand, start the plows to barring -it off. As soon as you have finished -barring put on little sweeps and run close -to the plants. This leaves them on a -very narrow ridge and a good hand will -chop from one to one-half acres more per -day than he would on a bar. Push the -chopping, and follow immediately, if possible, -with plows, dirting the cotton up -with sweeps. In ten days’ time, or less, -if it rains, go over again with hoes, taking -out every other hill and putting it to -a stand. These two workings with the -hoe will cost very little more than to -have put it to a stand at first and the cotton -will be in much better shape. Strive -to plow over every ten days until you -see the first open boll. Guard against -plowing too wet. After rains wait until -the soil crumbles. In cultivating I use a -double foot with two 14-inch sweeps, going -twice to the row, until the first of -July. After that I use a 28 or 30-inch -wing sweep. I generally go over my -crop with the hoes twice after it is put -to a stand. In dry seasons once is generally -sufficient. By all means keep -ahead of the grass. It will injure your -cotton and cost you more in the end to -clean it out. You see my advice is to -rotate. Come, walk over my fields with -me and see my cotton, in places growing -more than a bale per acre, where a few -years ago the yield was about one-fourth -of a bale, and you will say with me, -“Help nature, give her back her natural -elements, and she will return you a -harvest of gold.”</p> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="Poetry_True_and_False">Poetry, True and False</h2> - -<p class="center">By <span class="smcap">John Trotwood Moore</span></p> - -</div> - -<p class="dropcap">There have been many definitions -of poetry ranging all the way from -the well-known Englishman’s definition, -“A criticism of human life,” to that -given by one of the most original -of all poets, Poe, “the rhythmical creation -of beauty.” That was merely as these -two men saw it, or had the poetic principle -developed in them—the first, practically; -the second in all the rythmical -beauty and sensuousness and indefinable -mistiness of the immortal “Raven.”</p> - -<p>It is quite plain that no definition can -be given of poetry that would apply to -all poetry or even to the poetic principle. -No more than can be given a definition -of love, or the sweet character of the -Christ, or of God, or of eternity. Each -true poem, like the keys of a piano, -may awake a different chord, and -every one perfect. To attempt to define -the poetic principle would be like attempting -to sound the depths of our immortal -souls, the very spirit of eternal -life, a depth as varied as humanity—in -some, as deep as the valleys in the -ocean’s bed, in other “ending in shallows -and in miseries.” I believe it was Mendelssohn -who said there were two things -mortal man should not attempt to define—“God -Almighty and Thorough-Base-and-Harmony.”</p> - -<p>Poetry is the music of the intellect and, -therefore, like the musical principle, is -indefinable. But what are some of its -attributes?</p> - -<p>First of all, real poetry is true, and absolutely -a part of our souls, our experience, -ourselves, our most positive beliefs. -At first it may not be readily understood -by us—a fact in itself which should warn -us not to be too hasty in condemning it, -because that very fact may show it has -touched on a higher, not a lower plane -than the plane we are on, and that we -must climb to it, not drag it down to -us. Such is the poetry of Keats, Tennyson, -Shelley and Browning. And you -who say you cannot read poetry, and -who have had your taste destroyed for<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_106"></a>[106]</span> -true poetry by newspaper jingle, which -lies at one extreme, and magazine poetry, -which lies at the other, and both of which -are more often false than true, let me -ask you before you give up, to read some -of the real poetry from each of the -authors above before saying again that -you cannot love poetry. Read Keats’ -“The Eve of St. Agnes,” Tennyson’s “The -Princess,” Shelley’s “To a Skylark,” and -Longfellow’s “Evangeline.” In these, as in -all true poetry, though all of it may not -be fully grasped at first, there is an indefinable -something that touches us and -makes us wish to read it again and again -until, having tuned our own souls to -the key of its beauty we stand elevated, -instructed, sweetened, strengthened, -blessed!</p> - -<p>The true poem, like the true poet, has -a mission to perform and should go right -to the heart of it—no beating around the -bush, no mental pyrotechnics, no flowery -words to sweeten and weaken it, no -“churning about to get up a foam,” no -intellectual mistiness, but the simple laying -of the hands on the eyes of the blind! -For every poet is also a preacher, and the -greatest of all preachers. And if it fails -to perform its mission, if it does not -sound its chord, and that clearly, but a -mere jingling of pretty bells, it is no -more a poem than a dancing harem girl, -with silver bells, bracelets and anklets -on her, is a woman. Every poem that -has ever lived lived because it filled a -mission; and all those that have died, -died because they had none to fill. “The -Psalm of Life,” “Highland Mary,” “Evelyn -Hope,” “Thanatopsis”—these and -hundreds of others, short as they are, -came with a mission and, finding it, performed -it, and each of the above, with -the lesson it teaches, is a statue in the -temple of fame and will stand there for -all times as clearly and distinctly as -Washington, Bruce, Nelson or Jackson.</p> - -<p>Let us not judge poetry, then, by the -two false extremes in which we meet it -most often—newspapers and magazines—and -the two which have caused so -many to form unfavorable opinions of -poetry. Forgetting that rhyme is not -poetry, and that a poem is the product of -life, the newspaper poet tries to jingle -one out every day. He might as well try -to live his year in a day! Clipped by -some thoughtless editor, who uses his -shears as recklessly as he does his spleen, -and who clips as he writes—to fill space—the -newspaper poet mistakes even this -for ephemeral fame and like a howling -dervish continues to dance around the -circle to the monotonous music of his -tom-tom; while the magazine fellow, -after months of laborious travail, brings -forth an intellectual mouse. Posterity -will indict the first of these for false -pretenses, and hang the other for downright -murder. But like the thief and the -murderer of old, the punishment of one -will not bring back the good opinion of -poetry to those from whom he has filched -it, nor will the lynching of the other give -back to the world the life of Art after -the murderer has taken it.</p> - -<p>Imagine Robert Burns, having made a -reputation with his “Highland Mary,” and -filled with the newspaper’s idea of his -art, grinding out another poem every -few days to the Scotch lassie his genius -immortalized. Posterity would hate him. -Think of Shelley, for ten dollars a week, -“trying his hand again on the ‘Skylark.’” -And yet this is what many so-called -modern newspaper poets try to do.</p> - -<p>The truth is, the true poet, like the -mocking bird, never sings twice on the -same note, but in that song he exhausts -his soul. It is only the jaybird who -sings the same thing every day and imagines -it is a new song.</p> - -<p>I do not mean by the above criticism -that real genius may not now and then -appear in newspapers. In fact, more of -it—much more—appears there than in -magazines, being often the bursting of -a wild rose in the meadow into full -bloom and giving its perfume to the -world without pay and without knowledge -of its own sweetness. But as the -wild rose cannot bloom every day in the -year, so have I never yet seen two newspaper -gems in one year by the same -poet. And those that appear, written -quickly, and apparently thoughtlessly, -yet are they the product of years of -sweet growth of unconscious development, -of work, imperceptibly wrought -out, but, like the coral castle beneath the -sea, as perfect and as beautiful.</p> - -<p>But as between the newspaper and the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_107"></a>[107]</span> -magazine poet, give me the former—for -now and then he writes a poem, but -the magazine poet—seldom! The first-named -is often a true poet, and -my only objection to him is that -he lowers the standard of his art, he -desecrates his high calling by a too -often, too feeble, and a too familiar -attempt; but the magazine poems, after -years of reading them, I am constrained -to believe that, with few exceptions, they -are utterly devoid of even the poetic principle. -Their authors not only would not -know a poem if they met one in the road, -but they could not read one if an angel -of light would write it with a diamond-pointed -star on the windows of heaven!</p> - -<p>Poetry need not rhyme, it need not be -written in verse, even; and the simple -test of it all is, does it awaken some -chord in you that uplifts?</p> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="With_Old_Wash">With Old Wash.</h2> - -<h3>THE EXAMINATION.</h3> - -</div> - -<p class="dropcap">“Boss,” said Old Wash the other -night, “I have got ter hol’ a zamination -over in my deestrick for skule -teecher, an’ I wisht you’d write out de -questions for me.”</p> - -<p>I knew that the old man was the moving -spirit in educational and religious -matters in his end of the county and -that he holds an examination now and -then among the colored applicants, and -none of them may teach or preach unless -the old man passes on their papers.</p> - -<p>After much work I wrote a list of questions -suitable, as I thought, for such an -occasion and read them to the examiner.</p> - -<p>“Deys all right, boss, ’cept one thing. -Jes write de answers dar, too. It’s a po’ -teecher dat ain’t got his ansers as well -as his questuns. An’ I’d lak for you ter -go along, too, jes ter see me squelch dem -smart Ike niggers dat think dey kno’s it -all.”</p> - -<p>On the day appointed there were three -applicants. One was a pompous looking -darky with a knack of saying things -grandly and using big words. I named -him Pompey. Number two was a sanctimonious -looking fellow who knew it all. -He was a newly fledged preacher. Number -three was a knowing-looking, sly soon, -with less book sense, but more mother -wit than the others. He looked like a -slick one.</p> - -<p>Nothing pleased the old man more than -to show off his own learning and he -quickly caught on to Pompey’s gait—going -him, in fact, one better. Slowly -and with great dignity he pulled out his -roll of manuscript, adjusted his big, iron-rimmed -spectacles, and squelched them -all in the beginning with the flow of -language:</p> - -<p>“Now, I’m gwine ax you all a few supernumerous -questions, calk’lated to disembody -de fundermentalerties of yore -onderstandin’ an’ de posserbilerties of -yore interlects for impartin’ informashun. -An’ I want you all to chirp right out as -peart as jay-birds on a Friday.”</p> - -<p>There is a negro superstition to the -effect that all jay-birds go to a place unmentionable -on Friday and carry sand to -his Satanic majesty. I wondered If it -was a hint of what the old man had -coming for them.</p> - -<p>Adjusting his glasses again, the old man -said to the preacher:</p> - -<p>“Whut is jog’erfy?”</p> - -<p>The answer came back glibly and without -a flaw:</p> - -<p>“Jog’erfy is de science of de earth an’ -de art of navergashun.”</p> - -<p>This was said in such a matter of fact, -positive tone that I almost caught my -breath. But I soon learned that all their -answers, right or wrong, came with the -same assurance and without a quiver. -The old man squinted one eye and said:</p> - -<p>“Den I s’pose you’d say a coon-dog was -de science ob coon-killin’ an’ de art ob -barkin’. I turns you down on dat. -Nex’!”</p> - -<p>“Jog’erfy,” said Pompey, “Jog’erfy! -Brer Washington, ain’t dat got sumpin’ -to do sorter lak a narrer neck jinin’ two -dem-johns of lan’, sorter lak an’ so forth -or sumpin lak it?”</p> - -<p>“Wal, it may smell ob de jug a leetle,”<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_108"></a>[108]</span> -said the old man, “but it don’t gine de -demi-john to de extent ob pullin’ out de -cork. Nex’.”</p> - -<p>“Jog’erfy,” said the Slick One, “is de -art ob joggin’ and de science ob gwine -round circles.”</p> - -<p>This set the old man to thinking. He -scratched his head and inspected the -candidate closely. “Ain’t you de nigger -dat use ter swipe old Hal P’inter when -he went to de races?”</p> - -<p>“Yassir.”</p> - -<p>“Wal, dat ain’t zactly right, but it’s -got mo’ sense in it dan anything dat’s -been sed, an’ I’ll give you ten, as you -seem to have sum hoss sense in yore -make-up.”</p> - -<p>Fortunately I was where I could lean -back behind the blackboard and save the -dignity of the examination. For all this -had been said with a dignity and earnestness -that was appalling, and not the -slightest trace of humor appeared in their -voices.</p> - -<p>“How am Tennessee bounded?” he -asked Pompey.</p> - -<p>“She’s bounded by straight lines makin’ -a parallellogram inclinin’ in a right -angle,” said Pompey, knowingly.</p> - -<p>The old man scratched his jaw and -passed it to the Preacher. The answer -came back glibly:</p> - -<p>“Tennessee am bounded on de north -by Kaintucky an’ de rory-bory Alice, on -de east by de Great Smoky mountains, on -the west by Mt. Pelee an’ on de south—”</p> - -<p>The old man brought his fist down indignantly. -“Ef we’re bounded on all dem -sides by de things you say dar ain’t but -one thing dat can nachully bind us on de -south an’ dat am hell! You may know -a whole lot about dat place but you don’t -kno’ a little bit about jog’erfy. Lemme -see whut you all kno’ ’bout hist’ry.”</p> - -<p>He slowly studied out the next question:</p> - -<p>“Relate de causes leadin’ to de Riverlushunary -war.”</p> - -<p>“De circumnavigatin’ cause ob de -Riverlushunary war,” said Pompey glibly, -“was de extenshun ob de Equater too -far into de Gulf stream, endangerin’ de -tail ob de British Umpire.”</p> - -<p>The old man sadly shook his head and -passed it to the Swipe.</p> - -<p>“I can’t jes zactly spress it kordin’ to -book larnin’,” said the Swipe, “but it was -sorter lak dis: We drawed de pole an’ -axed for a squar race, but England fouled -us on de fus’ turn an’ got us in a -pocket on’ de half. We run into her, -cut her down an’ won as we pleased.”</p> - -<p>“Go head,” said the old man proudly. -“Hal P’inter sho’ done lamed you sumpin’.”</p> - -<p>This put the Swipe at the head. He -scratched his chin, made eyes at the -others and licked out his tongue.</p> - -<p>“Who was Maj. Andre?” slowly spelled -out the old man.</p> - -<p>The Preacher thought he was one of -the Disciples and Pompey, after much -thought, said he was the man who went -over Niagara in a barrel. The Swipe -wasn’t sure, but after a while his face -lit up with a broad smile and he said:</p> - -<p>“Unc. Wash, wan’t he a British ringer -dat got unkivered an’ ruled off at de -West P’int meetin’? ’Twas a close heat -an’ he lost by a neck.”</p> - -<p>“De very man,” said the old man enthusiastically. -“I tell you, sonny, if you -keep up dis clip, you’ll break in all de -colts in dis deestrick.” The Swipe smiled -and sat up higher in the sulky. The old -man studied his manuscript carefully and -propounded:</p> - -<p>“Describe de battle ob Shiloh.”</p> - -<p>“Dat’s easy,” said the Preacher smiling. -“It was a hard-fit fight in which -Shiloh got killed.”</p> - -<p>“Oh, he did,” said the old man, wrathfully. -“I guess de nex’ thing you’ll be -tryin’ to teach de ole man dat at de battle -ob de Nelson, de Nile fell offen his -hoss. Nex’, whut you say?”</p> - -<p>“Dat ar battle wus a dead heat ’twixt -Gen. Grant an’ Johnsing, wan’t it, Unc. -Wash?”</p> - -<p>“Sonny,” said the old man proudly, -“I’m beginnin’ to think I orter resign an’ -let you ax dese questions. I didn’t kno’ -dar was so much hoss sense in hist’ry.”</p> - -<p>“What am de princerpal organ ob circulation?” -spelled out the old man.</p> - -<p>Pompey thought a long time and -thought it was the liver. The Preacher -threw up his hand and a knowing smile -went over his face.</p> - -<p>“What am it, den?” asked the teacher.</p> - -<p>“De hat,” shouted the candidate.</p> - -<p>“Es dat’s de fust time you’ve come<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_109"></a>[109]</span> -nigh it I’ll give you ten on dat,” said the -old man, “but I think de P’inter boy can -do better yet.”</p> - -<p>“De princerpal organ ob circulashun,” -said the Swipe, “am de little silver cartwheel -dat is stamped wid de eagle.”</p> - -<p>“Sunny,” said the old man, “you have -sho’ been in de hoss bisness for some -good. Now you Preacher man, whut was -de greatest trade of England?”</p> - -<p>“De trade-wind,” came back promptly.</p> - -<p>“Trade yore grandmammy’s black cat,” -said the old man, wrathfully. “What -wind got to do wid dis deestrick skule? -You ’pear to be mighty windy yo’se’f. -Nex’.”</p> - -<p>“Wan’t dat de Pennsylvania whisky -resurrecshun’?” timidly asked Pompey.</p> - -<p>The old man glared at him. The Swipe -held up his hand, and when the old man -nodded, he said:</p> - -<p>“De princerpal trade, Unc. Wash? -’Pears to me it was when ole Richard -tried to trade his kingdom for a good -hoss.”</p> - -<p>“Wal,” said the old man, “tain’t down -zactly dat way in my book, but I’m -gwine give you de certificate, fur it -’pears lak you de only nigger on dat -bench dat’s got enny hoss sense an’ dat’s -de main thing in skule teachin.”</p> - -<p class="right">TROTWOOD.</p> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="And_Who_Is_My_Neighbor">“And Who Is My Neighbor?” Luke 10:29</h2> - -<p class="center">By <span class="smcap">Rev. T. A. Wharton</span>, D.D., First Presbyterian Church, Columbia, Tenn.</p> - -</div> - -<p class="dropcap">He was a Pharisee. He was also a -scribe—a lawyer. And he stood -up to tempt the Master. He would show -this throng gathered about the Lord that -their alleged prophet was only a cheap -schemer—a designing Galilean playing -upon their ignorance and credulity.</p> - -<p>“Rabbi (patronizingly), what shall I do -to inherit eternal life?” Let us reason -together and come to first principles: -What do you make of the primal law? -Just the old question of the Pharisee—the -classic question of the legalist in -every age of the world. There is a double -blunder in this age-worn question. -They belong to that class of blunders -which have just enough truth in their -midst to give them a species of eternal -life, and self perpetuative power.</p> - -<p>The first blunder is an assumption—that -in doing alone depends an entrance -into the kingdom of heaven. What shall -I do—what shall I do? Never what -shall I be? It is so much easier to do -than to be—that it is not a thing for -wonder that our poor warped human nature -should prefer to beat out a path -of merit and morals to the kingdom -rather than submit the will. “Do this -and live” is its password and shibboleth—never -the “live and do this” of the -Master.</p> - -<p>“Ye must be born again” is something -alike repulsive to the pride of reason and -the pride of life. And yet there is nothing -more certain than this—no one of -us shall ever see the kingdom of God -without such a radical birth change in -our heart of hearts as shall give all our -doing a new meaning and color. Is it -not a strange blunder for man to make -when it appears in the very question itself? -We cannot do things to inherit—we -must be sons to inherit.</p> - -<p>The second blunder is an assumption -also. It appears in the tone of the questioner. -The tone implies, Rabbi, am I -not doing enough already? Am I not -doing all that is necessary. I give alms -of all that I possess. I fast twice in the -week. My life is clean in the sight of -the law—“Thank God, I am not as other -men are”—as that disciple of yours there, -for instance. What further shall I do -or can I do to inherit eternal life? What -lack I yet or the existing church of God? -In so far as you are teaching anything -new it must be false, and anything old -is it not unnecessary? Why then all -this stir you are making throughout the -land?</p> - -<p>The Master’s reply is very simple. He -takes this self-sufficient sinner on his -own ground: “How readest thou the -law?” Since this is your trust and hope, -what do you make of it? The lawyer -replies glibly enough: “Thou shalt love -the Lord thy God with all thy heart,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_110"></a>[110]</span> -with all thy soul, with all thy might and -with all thy strength, and thy neighbor -as thy self.” The Saviour replies: -“Thou hast answered right; do this and -thou shalt live.” But there is such an -emphasis upon the “do” this that a dead -silence falls. The lawyer grows uncomfortable, -and begins to hedge. Had he -this “done?” But it is evident that the -less said upon the first table of the law -the better. There is more hope of the -second. So says the record: “And willing -to justify himself, he asks,” “And who -is my neighbor?” Do you not see that -this is a broken sentence? It is preceded -by a bit of very hurried thinking. I have -been good to my family—to those about -me—my next of kin—my set. It all depends -upon this “who is my neighbor.” -“And who is my neighbor?”</p> - -<p>The answer is only a parable, but a -parable whose meaning when once caught -and practiced shall change our world -beyond the recognition of even the angels -of heaven. It will make this poor, weary, -burdened earth to blossom as the rose; -shall make all our desert like the garden -of the Lord. It shall become the universal -solvent for all problems arising from -man’s relation to man. It will stop every -war before noon to-morrow.</p> - -<p>Then shall the lion of capital and the -lamb of labor lie down together, and -neither shall be afraid, neither shall -there be any more strikes, nor walking -delegates; no more epidemics of hate; -no more vipers to hiss their slander or -trail their slime. “Then shall every battle -flag be furled in the parliament of -nations, the federation of the world.”</p> - -<p>Wherever there lies the wounded and -helpless by the wayside of life, wheresoe’er -in the world there shall spring -to the rescue some strong son of God -armed to the teeth with wine and oil -for the wound and the sword of the -Lord and of Gideon for the assassin, -our right worshipful dollar shall change -its meaning and its face—its eagle shall -have the olive branch in its mouth. It -shall become a health certificate for the -sick, a help certificate for the needy, -even though they be not our next of kin.</p> - -<p>This parable has wrapt up in it the -one remedy for the race with which to -work out its salvation from man’s inhumanity -to man.</p> - -<p>Oh, this is a dream, the over statement -of an enthusiast’s heated fancy. If it be -so, then farewell to our hope of civilization. -Its permanence will depend upon -its obedience to this, its supreme law. -It is no dream. Everywhere before your -very eyes is it unfolding—unfolding an -asylum for the helpless, hospitals for the -sick, charitable institutions of every type -are reaching out their arms all over the -world for earth’s stricken ones—its motherless -and helpless. You pessimists do -not believe in humanity, nor do I, but -I believe in humanity’s Christ, and I -know He is breathing into His own utterance -the law that is to redeem the whole -earth. “Thou shalt love thy neighbor -as thyself.”</p> - -<p>And who is my neighbor? We have -been saying all the time with this narrow -Jewish lawyer, He is my fellow-Jew; -he is akin to me—a man of my nation, -and my neighborliness, diminishing with -the square of the distance, vanishing altogether -when he is out of sight.</p> - -<p>Well, I tell you, this is not the Master’s, -although very similar. His definition has -just two definite terms, and two only—a -certain man, and, to die unless someone -helps him. A nameless man of a -nameless land, and wholly desperate. All -else is indefinite—a certain man. Was -he a Jew? No answer. Was he stranger -from the Perean hills beyond Jordan? -No answer. Was he a merchantman -from the isles of the sea returning with -his Damascus purchases via Jerusalem -and Joppa? No answer. Was he a good -man? No answer. A man of means, -or poor, with a dependent family? No -answer. Was it not wrong of him to venture -through so dangerous a region, and -alone? No answer. Was it not foolhardy -of him not to yield his goods and -without a struggle? No answer.</p> - -<p>All that enters into the Saviour’s definition -is the fact that he was a man, -a helpless, wounded man, and to die<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_111"></a>[111]</span> -unless someone comes to him and ministers -to his desperate need.</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">“Once in the flight of ages past,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">There lived a man—and who was he?</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Mortal howe’er thy lot be cast,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">That man resembles thee.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">The bounding pulse, the languid limb,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">The changing spirit’s rise and fall,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">We know that these were felt by him,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">For these are felt by all.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">He suffered, but his pangs are o’er,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Enjoyed, but his delights are fled;</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Had friends, but his friends are now no more,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">And foes—his foes are dead.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">He saw whate’er thou hast seen,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Encountered all that troubles thee;</div> - <div class="verse indent0">He was whatever thou hast been,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">He is what thou shalt be.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">The annals of the human race;</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Their ruins since the world began,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Of him afford no other trace than</div> - <div class="verse indent2">This—there lived a man.”</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - -<p>Now, here is the definition and the picture -of our neighbor, a picture whose -lights and shadows shall never vary while -the world shall last. This is the man -whom Jehovah solemnly committed to -his people in every age of His church. -O land of Pharisees, O scribe and lawyer, -ever since the days of Abel this -man has been your charge and ward. -How sayest thou, I have loved my neighbor -as myself? How sayest thou, I have -kept the commandment of God, when -thou has walled thyself off in national -barriers and hath built walls of caste -and prejudice between thyself and him? -How sayest thou, I have loved my neighbor -as myself, when thou hast stopped -thine ears and shut thine eyes and -stalked on by all those who are lying -by the wayside of the Kingdom, dying -through all these years of your history -and theirs?</p> - -<p>This is our neighbor, where are his? -We have found him, where shall he find -his neighbor? The story of the Good -Samaritan is the eternal answer.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">Who always would but nothing finds to try,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Unstable shall he live, unhonored die.</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>Prejudice is the ball and chain of Achievement.</p> - -<div class="figcenter" style="width: 200px;"> -<img src="images/i_111.jpg" width="200" height="100" alt="" /> -</div> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_112"></a>[112]</span></p> - -<p class="center"><span class="larger">TROTWOOD’S MONTHLY</span> -<span class="u">Devoted to Farm, Horse and Home.</span></p> - -<p class="center">TROTWOOD PUBLISHING CO., Nashville, Tenn. Office 161 Fourth Ave. North.</p> - -<p class="center"><b>JOHN TROTWOOD MOORE,<br /> -Editor-in-Chief.</b></p> - -<table summary=" "> - <tr> - <td><b>E. E. SWEETLAND</b></td> - <td class="tdr"><b>Business Manager.</b></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td> </td> - <td class="tdr"></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>GEO. E. McKENNON</td> - <td class="tdr">President.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>JOHN W. FRY</td> - <td class="tdr">Vice-President.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>EUGENE ANDERSON</td> - <td class="tdr">Treas.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>WOOTEN MOORE</td> - <td class="tdr">Sec’y.</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p class="center"><b>TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION:</b> One Year, $1 00; Single Copy, 10 cents.<br /> -Advertising Rates on application.</p> - -<p class="center"><b>NASHVILLE, TENN., NOVEMBER, 1905.</b></p> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="With_Trotwood">With Trotwood</h2> - -</div> - -<h3>THE YELLOW EDITOR.</h3> - -<p class="center">(After Rudyard Kipling, for Trotwood’s -Monthly.)</p> - -<p>(A yellow editor has complained to the -governor of Minnesota that the warden -of the Stillwater penitentiary has refused -to allow one of his convicts to -subscribe for a certain saffron journal.—News -Item.)</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">Now Tomlinson once robbed a man in Berkeley Square,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">And a copper caught him in the act and nabbed him then and there.</div> - <div class="verse indent0">The copper grabbed him by the neck and hurried him away.</div> - <div class="verse indent0">In a blue patrol that was right outside, he rode through shadows gray</div> - <div class="verse indent0">To a gloomy place in the darksome town where the blatant noises cease,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">And they came to a gate within a wall where the jailer has the keys.</div> - <div class="verse indent0">“Stand up, stand up, now Tomlinson, and answer loud and high.</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Your name and age, and all of that and ye need not ask me why.”</div> - <div class="verse indent0">The morning dawned and before the judge to trial came Tomlinson,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">He sentenced him to the gloomy “Pen,” and a year he got—just one,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">And the judge’s voice resounding loud to him seemed like a knell</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Or ever they took the man away to lock him in his cell.</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Then Tomlinson looked up and down and sought for things to read:</div> - <div class="verse indent0">“A yellow journal is my meat, yea, that is what I need,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">And I will crawl upon my knees and ask the jailer man</div> - <div class="verse indent0">If he will only bring to me a sheet of the hue of tan.”</div> - <div class="verse indent0">But the jailer held his hands aloft and swore by heaven high</div> - <div class="verse indent0">That no such evil thing should come that penitentiary nigh;</div> - <div class="verse indent0">“For by my troth,” the jailer cried, “ye are a devilish mess,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">But ye dare not steep your guilty soul in the filth of the saffron press.”</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Now Tomlinson gave up the ghost in the penitentiary there,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">And a spirit came to his bedside and gripped him by the hair—</div> - <div class="verse indent0">The spirit gripped him by the hair and sun by sun they fell</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Till they came to the belt of wicked stars that rim the mouth of hell.</div> - <div class="verse indent0">The devil sat behind the bars where the desperate legions drew,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">And spied the hasting Tomlinson and gladly let him through:</div> - <div class="verse indent0">“Sit down, sit down, upon the slag and yammer loud and high,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">And tell me what you did, my man, or ever ye came to die.”</div> - <div class="verse indent0">“I spent my time on earth, my lord, in reading the yellow press.”</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Thus Tomlinson let out his voice and shouted in distress.</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Then the devil gripped him by the hair, and redder grew his face:</div> - <div class="verse indent0">“If that be true, ye dare not spend one minute in this place;</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Wot ye the price of good pit coal that I must pay?” asked he,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">“That ye rank yourself so fit for hell and ask no leave of me?</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Go back to earth with lip unsealed—go back with an open eye,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">And carry my word to the sons of men, or ever ye come to die,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">That the readers of the yellow press on earth may bide and dwell.</div> - <div class="verse indent0">But we do not want them down below to corrupt the hordes of hell.”</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse right">—Will Reed Dunroy.</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>Here is a letter from a young man in -Wisconsin, one whom I have never met -except in that way in which kindred -spirits so often meet—by mail. Stricken -ere his manhood had scarcely begun, -blind, he has never given up, and is -making a living and doing good to all -around him—one of the best and most -useful citizens of his town.</p> - -<p>Trotwood believes in this whole country, -North and South. He does not believe -that either section has all the good -or all the bad, but that in both there -is far more good than evil and that the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_113"></a>[113]</span> -only reason why people do not like each -other is because they do not know each -other. Transportation, the cable, the -telegraph, wireless telegraphy and the -telephone have changed the face of the -world and corralled mankind with wires -of steel. Japan is nearer Washington to-day -than Boston was fifty years ago. You -have more neighbors in Europe than your -grandfather had in the county adjoining -him. I am publishing this letter hoping -my blind friend may find the kind surgeon, -and also to show the spirit of our -reunited country for which my pen has -always and will ever work to cement:</p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p class="right">Merrill, Wis., June 30, 1905.</p> - -<p>Dear Trotwood: Rather tardy in -thanking you for taking the trouble of -sending me “Songs and Stories of Tennessee,” -but my wife and daughter have -been away on a visit and though it’s -vacation, this is the first opportunity -I’ve had to press my sister into service. -We all enjoyed the stories very much, -and are looking forward eagerly to the -time when your new book will be out.</p> - -<p>I’ve been wanting to tell you of my -father’s experience during the Civil War, -to see what you think of it, and to see -if you have any idea who the surgeon -could have been and to show you another -family in the North with the kindliest -of feelings for the people of the -South.</p> - -<p>July 1, ’63, at about 2 o’clock p.m., a -Confederate bullet laid my father low -at the Battle of Gettysburg. The ball -passed through and killed the man directly -in front of him, entering father -below the heart, the wound being very -similar to that of President Garfield. -He still carries the lead. He lay the -afternoon until along in the evening the -Union line having retreated, and firing -ceased. About this time Gen. Lee and -his staff came on the field. The general, -seeing father was alive, asked what -troops he had fought and how boys happened -to get commissions in the Northern -Army. Father answered, “They -fought and earned them.” As the party -passed on, the surgeon returned, eased -father’s position, gave him a drink of -liquor and said he would see him later. -He came again at about nine o’clock -that night, twice the next day and late -the afternoon of July 2 he had two Confederate -soldiers prepare a litter and -carry father to a farm house where, -being the most dangerously wounded, he -was given the only mattress in the house. -Father calls him his “Good Samaritan.” -During his time on the field his hat cord -was stolen and he gave all the money he -had, twenty dollars, ten each to two -Union soldiers to get him off the field or -get him something to drink. They never -returned. During the night a Confederate -soldier gave him a drink of milk for -which he had spent his last cent. This -is in brief, but explicit enough to show -that though father was struck down by -a Confederate bullet he nevertheless -owes his life to men of that army. When -the Confederate line retreated, father -was taken to the hospital in the city and -was never able to learn the name of his -“Good Samaritan.” How his wound did -not heal for two years, how Dr. Bliss -treated him and how an abscess formed -in his back which also took a long time -to heal is probably but a repetition of -many such incidents of which you’ve already -heard.</p> - -<p>For fear you’ll grow weary, I’ll desist.</p> - -<p class="center">Yours very truly,</p> - -<p class="right">H. R. BRUCE.</p> - -</div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>It is time that the flamboyant and -flowery, the unreal, was cut out of our -oratory and literature. Kill it. Talk -straight, think straight, live straight. -The flamboyant, the flowery is the -product of slavery, of idleness, of -high living and no thinking. It is a relic -of the past, of feudalism, a mixture of -chivalry and unclear thinking. The great -poet, the great writer, the great orator -is he who talks the greatest good sense. -Anything else is the badge of mediocrity. -The tendency of everything these strenuous -days, from literature to life insurance, -is expressed in the phrase: “Get -there.” How amusing the efforts of a -Tennessee statesman in a recent great -occasion, majestically sweeping the -heavens with his hands and solemnly -proclaiming that “Tennessee had set -more stars in the galaxy of glory than all -the other States.” Bosh! Tennessee<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_114"></a>[114]</span> -has as many fools to the acre as any other -State, and what she should do just now -is to set more hens and fewer stars!</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>People who live with nature soon learn -a great deal. The best way to study -nature is to get in harmony with the -laws of nature. The best advice ever -given on longevity was from the cheerful -old gentleman who said: “To live -long, live naturally, eat what you want -and walk on the sunny side of the -street.” Children think that some -great man made up the horrid rules -of grammar, and then all the world -learned them and went to talking. They -do not know that the world talked first -and the rules of grammar were deduced -from the talking. From the facts of -life we draw our rules.</p> - -<p>And Nature is the Great Fact.</p> - -<p>I was thinking of one of her facts -the other day—she has so many thousands—but -I noticed it is a fact that -the man who works the soil is a natural-born -optimist. Let the farmer fail year -after year and he still plants, hoping. -Let the merchant fail one year and he -is badly shaken—one more—another, -maybe—and he is done. That is the -Fact. Now for the rule: God intended -man to love, to cultivate, to cling to the -soil. In other words, is not farming -man’s natural vocation, since neither -drought nor flood nor failure can shut -out from his heart that instinct of hoping -which has come down to him through -centuries of farming fathers?</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>We—and that means England and -America—have used the Jap to fight our -battles for us. The issue has been the -stopping of the tide of Moscovites across -Asia, the killing of their influence in the -East, the grasping from covetous hands -the yellow empire, richer than mints of -yellow gold to the nation that shall supply -their wants. That means the -open door until Japan decides to -close it for the world and that the -Muscovite must forever be bound between -the Baltic and the North Sea and -the ice zone of the Pacific, all of which -was necessary. Arrogant and ignorant -Russia needed this chastisement. But -is it not time to stop? We are chuckling -now, but the greatest problem -lies before us. Sixteenth century Russia -has met twentieth century Japan, and -walked from the woods of barbarity into -the daylight of a Mauser-swept, mine-entangled, -smokeless-plowed field of -death. The harvest has been as certain -as when the Gauls came out of the -woods to meet the steel-sheathed legions -of Caesar.</p> - -<p>History does not stop at one page. -One was made at Port Arthur and the -Straits of Japan, now—</p> - -<p>“Let China alone,” said Napoleon, -“she is a sleeping giant.” The fight has -been for China, and the wily Jap, playing -on the unfailing cupidity and conquering, -grabbing instinct of the Anglo-Saxon, -has won. Hereafter China belongs -to Japan. Give her just a century -to vitalize the nation which, if the world -were stood in a line, would count every -fourth fighter as hers, and the white -race will face the problem of its existence. -At Portsmouth recently, when the -Sabbath came, the Russian went to -church. The Jap only laughed, and voted -to work on. Shintoism knows no Sunday, -no soul, no to-morrow, no eternity. -Shintoism is blind chance pitched against -the barb-wire of blind unbelief.</p> - -<p>It is time to see clearly—to turn. We -have conquered our own kin with a soulless, -smiling, ghost-born being who is -far-sighted and will yet make our children -wonder why we gave him a Mauser -for posterity. As for us, we will always -be for the white man and the Christian.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>Trotwood’s Monthly has installed a -new feature in magazine management. -We call him Jonah. He is a bright boy -who does things around the editorial -room. They are not always done right, -but when he finishes with them we are -willing to aver that they are always -done. One of his duties is to read all of -the poetry submitted—and it is coming in -with a rush—condemn the bad and pass -the good up to Trotwood for final judgment. -Here are his comments on an -execrable batch of it sent in under the -title of “Piping Lays” by a good, sweet,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_115"></a>[115]</span> -but sadly misguided being, whose name -begins with Tillie:</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">Hear we hav a poet boald.</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Naught I’m frank to sa is worce,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Than the “Flowery” tales she’s told,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">In her akrobatic verce.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">Tillie fane would pipe a lay</div> - <div class="verse indent2">That would markit fur a song,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">But her Piping duz not pa,</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Why? Bekaus her meter’s rong.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">Tillie mite reverse the phraze</div> - <div class="verse indent2">’Til her muse is neerer ripe,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">And insted of piping lays</div> - <div class="verse indent2">Tri her hand at laying pipe.</div> - </div> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse right">JONAH.</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - -<p>But Jonah is equally as hard on Trotwood, -as the following unique note came -to me in a batch of proof:</p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p class="noindent">dear mister trotwood:—</p> - -<p>I think your writing is plain, but the -printer, says it is a cross between a chinese -laundry ticket and the Lord’s prayer -ritten in arabic. They sent one sheet -back to-day and i red it and it reeds like -this—“The Hal family is a very slow -bunch, and unless they cross the blood -with a Texas Mustang pretty soon, they -will only be fit for water wagons and apple -carts, and anny boddy would go to -sleep waiting for them to go around a half -mile track.”</p> - -<p>I draped it on the floor, and when I -picked it up it was different, and red like -this—(I had it up-side-down):</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">Life’s ills, could man by knowing,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Be spared from undergoing,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">There would be sense in knowing;</div> - <div class="verse indent0">But since with all our knowing,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">This coal dust keeps on blowing,</div> - <div class="verse indent0">Well—what’s the use in knowing?</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - -<p>Mr. Sweetland the business manager -said I was a fool, but when he tried to -reed it, he could not tell whuther it was -a horse story or poem or something -about Uncle Wash. He said it was -one of the three, and said you wrote like -a lobster. it is plain enough to me, but -i wish you would write and tell me just -what it is, and I will tell the printer for -he is too fresh anyhow. Hear is whut -I mad of it last:</p> - -<div class="poetry-container"> -<div class="poetry"> - <div class="stanza"> - <div class="verse indent0">When you give a sweet maid kisses</div> - <div class="verse indent2">She hands you back a sigh—</div> - <div class="verse indent0">When you give a printer copy</div> - <div class="verse indent2">He hands you back a pi—</div> - <div class="verse indent0">And he made it in the gloaming</div> - <div class="verse indent2">With his stomach full of rye!</div> - </div> -</div> -</div> - -<p class="noindent">noto bene:—Pleas com up and let us no -which one goes. And pleas pardon a -suggestion but I saw to-day a thing that -wurred me verry grately. it was that -the buggs insex and varments eats up -Three Billion Dollars worth of the farmers -truck and stuff every year. Don’t you -think we ought to let them no about it.</p> - -<p class="right">JONAH.</p> - -</div> - -<p>The following compliment from an old -friend, Judge John L. Miller, of Corsicana, -Texas, is highly appreciated. When we -say “old” friend it carries a double -meaning, for in addition to having been -our friend for many years, this grand old -gentleman has nearly reached his ninetieth -milestone, and is still enjoying good -health. He writes:</p> - -<div class="blockquote"> - -<p>When I learned that TROTWOOD -was to edit TROTWOOD’S MONTHLY I -folded my arms and shouted for joy, I -knew the author of “Ole Mistis” and -“Miss Kitty’s Funeral,” two of the -brightest literary gems of modern times, -could and would give us a monthly that -would be read and appreciated by all -reading people in both North and South. -This is the character of reading matter -the whole country needs, and judging -from the first number of TROTWOOD’S -MONTHLY I think we will get it. The -visitor from Tennessee is gladly welcomed, -bringing as it does into our home -good cheer and sunshine—short gems -of poetry, making “Tears from eyelids -start,” then smiles and ringing laughter.</p> - -<p>With Little Sister, we grieve over the -condemned long-legged colt. We help -her to rescue the little deformed thing -from the hands of the negro executioner. -We shout and sing and dance and “’Rah -for Little Sister” at the race course as -she swings proudly into the ring and -wins the race.</p> - -<p>Right gladly we renew our acquaintance -with “Old Wash” and our sympathies -are his as he attempts with his -luscious watermelons to reach the hearts -of his people through their stomachs, -and also defeats his own purpose through -their stomachs.</p> - -<p>A “History of the Hals” appeals -strongly to lovers of fine horses. Many -horses of the Hal family are owned by -Texans and the articles on this especial -subject will be read with avidity by -subscribers over this state as well as -elsewhere. A bright magazine enjoyed -alike by every member of the household -we find TROTWOOD’S MONTHLY to be, -and “Barkis is more than willin’” that it -should be the success it so well deserves.</p> -</div> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>We want a good live agent in every -town in the United States for “Trotwood’s -Monthly.” Write for terms to -agents. Address Trotwood Publishing -Company, Nashville, Tenn.</p> - -<hr class="x-ebookmaker-drop chap" /> - -<div class="boxpage"> - -<p class="center">1:59¼ <span class="largest spacer"><b>EWELL FARM</b></span> 2:00½</p> - -<p class="center">(ESTABLISHED 1870)</p> - -<p class="center larger">GEORGE CAMPBELL BROWN and PERCY BROWN<br /> -<span class="smaller">Spring Hill, Maury County, Tennessee</span></p> - -<p class="center"><b><i>Trotting and Pacing Horses. Jersey Cattle.<br /> -Shetland Ponies. Southdown Sheep.</i></b></p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p class="center larger">IN THE STUD</p> - -<p><b>JOHN R. GENTRY 2:00½</b>, the handsomest of all turf horses. Has held -ten world’s records. Twice grand champion for one and three heats. A -winner in <b>Madison Square Garden</b>. A sire of pronounced beauty, speed and -intelligence. Sires both trotters and pacers of extraordinary speed and -destined to be the greatest sire in the world.—<b>Fee, $100.00.</b></p> - -<p><b>McEWEN 2:18¼</b>—Prize winner at St. Louis, 1904, when 19 years old. -Unquestionably the best sire of his age, bred and owned in Tennessee. Sire -of 26 with fast records. A great race horse, a splendid road horse, a successful -show horse and a remarkable sire.—<b>Fee, $30.00.</b></p> - -<p><b>HAL BROWN</b>, one of the speediest of Brown Hal’s sons. Showed two-minute -speed as a yearling. Full brother to four with records from 2:07¼ -to 2:13¼. Represents on both sides the best of Tennessee’s pacing strains. -A most precocious sire.</p> - -<p><b>YOUNG STOCK</b> of both sexes, stallions and brood mares, trotters and -pacers ready to race, for sale at all times.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>The <b>Ewell Farm</b> <b>JERSEY HERD</b> is headed by <b>TOMMY TORMENTOR</b> -67233, a double greatgrandson of Imp. Tormentor 3533 (whose blood entered -more largely into the pedigrees of the winning herd in the World’s Fair -test, at St. Louis, 1904, than that of any other bull). A bull of exact -dairy conformation, beautiful color and great vigor. After January 1, 1906, -a few young bulls and heifers will be offered for sale.</p> - -<p>The <b>SHETLANDS</b> at <b>Ewell Farm</b> have been selected with great care, -especial attention having been paid to beauty, uniformity in size (36 to 42 -inches) and docility of temper. Not for many years have these ponies failed -to delight their purchasers. Geldings 1 to 3 years old for sale.</p> - -<p><b>SOUTHDOWN SHEEP.</b>—Our Southdowns are of pure blood, but unregistered. -Especially adapted for breeding spring lambs.</p> - -<p class="center">For Particulars, Address <span class="largest">EWELL FARM</span> Spring Hill, Tennessee,<br /> -Maury County</p> - -<p class="center">GEO. CAMPBELL BROWN, Mgr. Live Stock Dept.</p> - -<p class="center">Write for what you want, and mention Trotwood’s Monthly.</p> - -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TROTWOOD'S MONTHLY, VOL. 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