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diff --git a/old/67761-0.txt b/old/67761-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 8aae2ec..0000000 --- a/old/67761-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2558 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of Stories from the Crusades, by Janet -Harvey Kelman - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: Stories from the Crusades - Stories from History Series - -Author: Janet Harvey Kelman - -Editor: John Lang - -Illustrator: L. D. Luard - -Release Date: April 3, 2022 [eBook #67761] - -Language: English - -Produced by: D A Alexander and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team - at https://www.pgdp.net - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK STORIES FROM THE -CRUSADES *** - - - - - - STORIES FROM HISTORY SERIES - - EDITED BY JOHN LANG - - - STORIES FROM - THE CRUSADES - - - - - [Illustration: Wherever the battle was hottest, Richard seemed to - spring from the ground - See page 75] - - - - - STORIES FROM - - THE CRUSADES - - BY - - JANET HARVEY KELMAN - - WITH PICTURES BY - - L. D. LUARD - - LONDON: T. C. & E. C. JACK - NEW YORK: E. P. DUTTON & CO. - - - - - TO - - KATHARINE AND BARBARA - - - - -THE HEROES OF THE CRUSADES - - -The stories in this book are of heroes who lived hundreds of years ago. -They caught sight of a beautiful dream and lived and died to make it -come true. - -Their eagerness swept along with them not only men who had never -dreamed the dream and who did not know for what end they fought, but -bad men also who only wished to get what they could for themselves. - -The Crusades are long past, yet to-day there are men who see visions -of good and who wish to bring them down to earth. With them are others -who fight selfishly as did Bohemond and Baldwin long ago. But there are -still men like Francis, who carry goodwill with them, and great knights -like Tancred and like Louis, who live to fight for the poor and the -weak. - - - - -LIST OF STORIES - - - Chap. Page - - I. How Peter preached of Jerusalem 1 - II. How Tancred fought under the Banner of the - Cross 17 - III. How the Kings fought for Glory and not for - Christ 51 - IV. How Frederick came to his Kingdom 82 - V. How Louis thought Death a little Thing 92 - - - - -LIST OF PICTURES - - - Wherever the battle was hottest Richard - seemed to spring from the ground _Frontispiece_ - - At page - - Peter set off with an unruly band of men 16 - Bohemond led the way himself 38 - Peter held a lance-head high in the air 40 - They knelt on the rocky track 42 - Barbarossa waits until his country needs him 64 - A wild and fierce race called Tartars 92 - Louis leapt into the water 98 - - - - -CHAPTER I - -HOW PETER PREACHED OF JERUSALEM - - -Once upon a time there was an ugly little boy called Peter, who lived -in his father’s castle in France. He was a restless boy, and liked -always to do or to hear something new. His home was very quiet, for his -father was a great fighter, and was often away at the wars for months -at a time. - -But though one day was very like another in Peter’s life when he was -young, he used to hear tales of pilgrimage and of battle that made him -long to be free to go out into the world himself. - -The country round his home and in the other northern lands near it was -bare and grey, and the towers and walls of the cities were gloomy, -but the boy heard of other lands and other cities. He heard that in -Byzantium, where the Greek Emperor had his palace, the houses were -built of marble, and their walls were lined with gold, and that in the -lands around it rich fruits and grain grew. He often heard of another -city called Jerusalem, for many pilgrims went to it because it was at -Jerusalem that Jesus Christ died. Hundreds of years before Peter was -born, Helena, the mother of the Greek Emperor Constantine, found a -cross which she thought must be the Cross on which Christ died. She was -full of awe and wonder, and in order that all who served Christ might -see the Cross, it was set up in Jerusalem on the spot where it was -thought to have stood when Christ died upon it. Long after Constantine -and his mother were dead, a king who did not serve Christ carried the -Cross away from Jerusalem. The Emperor who then reigned in Greece -fought with this king for ten years before he could subdue him. At last -he won the cross again, and with it lands and gold, but these gave him -far less joy than the thought that the cross would again stand in -Jerusalem. He kept part of it in his city of Byzantium; with the rest -he went to Jerusalem. He was a great man and a proud man, but he was -humble when he thought of the cross and of what it told of the death of -Christ. So he took off his beautiful clothes, and with bare feet and -wearing a plain robe he carried the cross up the street of Jerusalem, -and set it once more within the church that had been built where Christ -died. - -When Peter was young, hundreds of pilgrims went to Jerusalem to worship -at the foot of this cross. They did so for many reasons. Some did it -because they loved the thought of Christ and wished to stand where -He had stood, and to see the land in which He had lived. Others went -because they thought it would make other people think them very good. -They hoped to be great people when they came back to their homes again. -But the largest number went because the Pope and the priests told them -that those who went in poverty to the Holy City would be forgiven for -all the wrong things they had done. Many a man who was very unhappy -because he had killed some one by stealth, gave up all that he had and -went with nothing except a staff to visit the cross. - -These pilgrims were often very cruelly treated in Jerusalem, for men -called Saracens who did not serve Christ lived and ruled there, and -they made each pilgrim give them money before they would allow him into -the city. They are sometimes called ‘Moslems,’ and they were followers -of a prophet named Mahomet. They were cruel to the Christians who -lived in Jerusalem, as well as to the pilgrims who came to it. - -Once, when Hakem, who was called ‘the mad Sultan,’ ruled in Jerusalem, -the streets of the city surged with an angry throng. The white robes -of the soldiers of Hakem flashed out amongst the bright colours that -were worn by men of other Moslem races. Every face was full of scorn -and anger. Harsh voices cursed those who served Christ. Jews hid in -corners and alleys that they might not suffer with the Christians, for -them too the Moslems hated. - -The Moslems call their churches mosques, and the reason of their great -anger on this day was that they had found a dead dog lying in a mosque. -They thought that this had done such harm to their mosque that they -could not pray in it till they had made it pure again, and they were -sure that a Christian had thrown the dog’s body there in order to annoy -them. The news spread through the town, and each moment the crowd grew -larger and more fierce. - -‘Let us fall on the Christian dogs!’ they shouted. ‘Let us kill them -without mercy!’ ‘Who are they that they should soil our temple?’ - -The Christians had gathered into one place in sorrow and in fear. They -all wore clothes of dull dingy shades, because they were not allowed -to wear beautiful colours nor white robes like Hakem’s soldiers. Each -of them wore a leather thong to show that the Moslems ruled over -him. Their hearts were more gloomy than their robes. If they were all -killed, the Christian Church would have no one left in Jerusalem. -They waited in terror. But the noise they heard was not what they -had feared. A clear voice rang out. The man who spoke was one of -themselves. His name was Olindo. - -‘Nothing could be a greater evil,’ he said, ‘than that the Church -should perish. I will die for you and for our faith. Do not forget me -nor my people.’ - -The others burst into tears, but though they were sad to think of -Olindo’s death, no one tried to stay him. He passed swiftly out from -them, and met the Moslem leaders as they hurried on to kill the -Christians. - -‘I alone am guilty of this deed,’ said Olindo; and he had not time to -say more, for he fell dead in the street, killed by the swords of those -nearest to him. - -At that time those who were called Christians were quarrelling with -each other. There were two Churches. One was the Greek Church, the -other was the Church of Rome. The Popes, who reigned in Rome, always -wished to make the Greek Church obey them, so that there might be only -one Christian Church. And when Peter lived it seemed that perhaps this -dream of the Popes might come true. A fierce race of men called Turks -had swept westward from the Great Wall of China. Everything had fallen -before them except the faith of the Prophet whom the Moslems followed. -It did not fall, because, instead of trying to fight it, the Turks took -it for their own. It suited them well, because it taught that whoever -died fighting for it, against those who did not obey Mahomet, would go -straight to heaven. So instead of making slaves of the Moslems whom -they had defeated, the Turks joined their armies to their own, and led -them against the Empire of Greece. That was why the Pope who lived then -thought he might be able to unite Rome and Greece once more. Greece -asked Rome to help her against the Turks, and Rome hoped that if she -helped her so, then Greece would be willing to do what she wished -afterwards. - -And it was of these things that men who knew the world talked and -thought when Peter was a boy. As he grew up, he longed to have a share -in all the great things that were being done in the world, and in order -to know about them he entered the home of the Bishop of Paris that he -might be a priest, and so have time to read many books. But he soon -found that he could not be happy while he only read about what other -men had done. He yearned to do things himself. The bishop liked him -well and wished to keep him with him, but the restless lad would not -stay. He went to fight in Flanders, but it was only for a short time -that war seemed gay and pleasant to him. He was made a prisoner, and he -found a cell far more dull and dreary than his study in Paris. - -Then he escaped from prison, and made a home of his own. There he and -his wife Beatrice lived for a few years together, but soon she died -and left Peter with three little children. Peter gave the care of the -children to a friend and fled to a hermit’s cell. It seemed to him that -he had tried every kind of life in vain, and that nothing was left for -him but to live alone and to think and pray till death came to him. - -But Peter was neither old nor ill, and death was a long way off from -him. The narrow cell became a prison to him, and he grew as restless -as a lion in a cage. But he had vowed that he would live the life of a -hermit, and if death would not come to him to bring him freedom, there -was only one way in which he could keep his vow and yet do things and -take part in the life of the world. That way was to go on pilgrimage. -As he thought of this, the old light flashed in his keen dark eyes. - -‘I too,’ he said to himself, ‘will walk barefoot where Christ has trod. -My tears shall fall on His grave, and I will kneel before the cross.’ - -He set out on his journey, and after many risks and dangers he reached -Jerusalem. Peter had seen many beautiful towns and rich valleys, and -when he saw the bare rocky ground that led up to Jerusalem, he was -amazed that Christ had died in so dreary a city. - -‘How strange,’ thought he, ‘that the Lord of All should have chosen -this barren spot!’ As he went from place to place in the city he was -in great excitement. He made such vivid pictures in his mind of all -that had happened there that the thought of it took away his breath, -and he longed that he might die where such things had taken place. It -was dreadful for him to see how those who cared not for the memory of -Christ scorned and defiled the holy places, and robbed and ill-treated -the pilgrims who asked only to be allowed to worship and to think in -peace. He sought out the head of the Christian Church, whom men called -the Patriarch of Jerusalem, and talked with him of what might be done -to save the Holy City from the Moslems, and he told the Christians in -Jerusalem that he would go away and bring the people of Europe to fight -for the Holy City. - -On the evening before Peter left Jerusalem he went into the church in -which the cross stood, to pray. He was weary with talk and thought and -with many visits to holy places, and he fell asleep. While he slept, he -thought he saw Christ come to him and say: - -‘Arise, Peter, do with courage that which thou hast said. I will be -with thee.’ - -Peter rose from his knees in great joy. He left Jerusalem and went with -haste to Rome. There the Pope listened to him gladly and gave him his -blessing. He told him to go from town to town and from land to land, -and to tell every one who would listen, of the sufferings of pilgrims -and of the dishonour that was shown to the memory of Christ in the -places where He had once walked. - -This was a different kind of life from the one Peter had lived in the -hermit’s cell. It was full of change and excitement, and it had in it -the great hope that one day he would see Jerusalem in the hands of -Christian armies, and pilgrims welcomed and honoured where they had -suffered so much. - -Peter was still ugly. He was small and ungainly, but he had piercing -black eyes, and those who caught sight of them forgot to look at -anything else. He was not fifty years old, but the hard life he had -lived had turned his hair and beard white. He did not wear either hat -or shoes. As he rode along on his mule, the long coarse folds of his -robe flapped round his bare feet, and the cord that bound his waist -dangled at his side. In his hands he carried a heavy crucifix. - -When he stopped and began to speak, people thought he was some silly, -worthless man, but before he had spoken many sentences they gathered -close to him and listened with open eyes and mouths, for the ugly -little man could make other men see the things he saw, and feel what -he felt. Everywhere Peter made men and women think that the only thing -that mattered in the whole world was to save Jerusalem from the Moslems. - -The crowds of people who followed Peter soon grew as excited as he was -himself. They thought that he was so holy, that if they touched him or -pulled a hair from his mule’s tail, they would be better and happier. - -When Peter had told hundreds of people about Jerusalem, the Pope -himself came to meet as many of them as could be gathered together to -hear him. The city to which he asked them to come could not hold the -crowds who came together from every side. It was winter, and bitterly -cold, and knights and nobles, monks and workmen, camped in the icy -fields round the town. - -When the great day came, the Pope sat on a throne in the city square -with Peter by his side. Peter told once more of Jerusalem and of what -he had seen there; and when he was silent the Pope rose and promised -that however wicked were any of those who heard him, yet if they would -only now go to fight in the Holy War he would promise that no evil -would ever come to them because of the wrong things they had done in -the past, and that when they died they would go straight to heaven. - -The people had been greatly excited by Peter’s speech, and as they -heard the Pope promise such wonderful things to all who would fight for -Jerusalem, they began to shout out, ‘It is the will of God: it is the -will of God.’ - -‘It is the will of God,’ answered the Pope. ‘Let that be your -battle-cry. And because ye seek to save the city of our Lord, let the -cross be your sign. Wear it on your shoulders and on your breasts. With -it, ye shall certainly be either victors or martyrs.’ - -Then nobles with their gay banners and flashing armour, and peasants in -coarse dull-coloured tunics, crowded forward to take the red cross of -war from the hands of the Pope. - -After this, many others besides Peter went out to preach the Crusade, -and all along the roads by which they went, there gathered groups of -men, women, and children, each with the sign of the cross on shoulder -or banner. - -The knights and nobles who had taken the cross had many things to do -ere they could leave their lands. They had to sell jewels and silver -dishes that they might have money to pay for the food their followers -would need on the journey and throughout the fighting. They had to -find people in whose care they could leave children and castles. But -many foolish folk who knew nothing at all of what it meant to go on -foot to the Holy Land, or to fight the fierce Turkish soldiers, and -who had nothing to leave behind, crowded round Peter and begged him to -wait for no one, but to lead them at once to the Holy City. Peter knew -nothing of war, and although he did know something of the danger of the -journey, he did not think how much more hard it would be to find food -for a thousand people than for one. He thought, too, that all those men -whose eager faces looked up into his, were as much in earnest as he was -himself, and would be as willing to suffer and even to die. Besides all -that, he was not at all patient himself. He wished to see the banner of -the Cross floating from the walls of Jerusalem, and he wished to see it -at once. He could hardly bear to think of the long march that must lie -between him and victory, so it is no wonder that he would not wait for -the armies of the nobles, but set off with a great unruly band of men -who had not learned to fight nor even to obey! - -Few of them ever reached the Holy Land. When Peter brought the handful -that still followed him to Byzantium, where the Greek Emperor reigned, -they behaved so badly that the Emperor was sorry that he had asked for -help from Rome. He hated the thought of the armies of the Holy War, -before any of the real warriors had come to his land. - -[Illustration: Peter set off with an unruly band of men] - - - - -CHAPTER II - -HOW TANCRED FOUGHT UNDER THE BANNER OF THE CROSS - - -While Peter led these wild lawless men to Byzantium, the nobles who had -vowed to fight in the Holy War were preparing to lead out the armies -of the first Crusade. There were many brave knights ready to fight for -Jerusalem. One of the bravest was Godfrey, who came from Germany. When -he was at peace with those around him, he had all the charm of winning -manners and of gentle voice, but in battle he was brave and dreadful, -and as strong as a raging lion. Once he had fought for the Emperor of -Germany against the Pope, and ever since that time he had been very -unhappy, because the only thing he feared was the power of the Church. -He was delighted when he heard of the preaching of Peter. To save -Jerusalem seemed to him a splendid thing, and then he thought that -no harm would come to him because he had fought against the Pope, if -he should be able to win the Holy City for Rome and for the Christian -faith. Two of his brothers joined him, and many other lords and nobles -came to set out with him for Jerusalem. - -But all his followers were not men who had lived in courts. There were -many workmen and peasants, and some wild men in shaggy clothes who came -from the Scottish shores, and who found their way to his camp by making -the sign of the cross with their fingers. Every one knew what that -meant, and pointed out the way to the strangers. - -Another knight gathered an army in Italy. His name was Bohemond. He was -as brave and as clever as Godfrey, but he was not like him in any other -thing, except perhaps that both men were tall and handsome. Bohemond -wished to win land for himself. Above all, he wanted the land and the -wealth of the Greek Emperor. When he heard of the Crusade, he thought -that it would be easy for him to find an excuse to seize the lands of -Greece if he could quarrel with the Emperor about the Crusade. But -he did not tell his soldiers that. Though he cared very little about -Jerusalem or about the wood of the Cross, he could speak as stirringly -about them as Peter had done, and one day when he had spoken of these -things to his brother’s army he tore his great red banner into strips, -and made crosses for all the soldiers who would take them. - -With Bohemond there rode his cousin Tancred, and amongst them all there -was none so faithful to him as Tancred. This was wonderful, because -Tancred was ‘a very perfect gentle knight,’ and many of the things -Bohemond did must have been hateful to him. - -When the Greek Emperor asked for help from Rome, he wished the Pope -to send men to fight under his banner and to win battles for him. He -could make no use of the rabble that had come to Byzantium with Peter. -But when the real armies of the Crusade poured into the fields around -the city he was filled with fear. These strong gay knights with the -warriors who followed them were far worse than useless to him. He knew -something of the bareness of the land that lay round their castles, -and of the rugged life that even the noblest of them lived in their -northern homes. And he was sure that the rich plains of his country, -and his cities with their marble palaces would make many of the knights -wish to win them from him, and that they would never be content to -fight only for the freedom of the Holy Land. - -It was no wonder that he was afraid. As the Crusaders gazed up at the -walls of Byzantium, it seemed to them like an enchanted city. The -fields and orchards around it were richly laden with corn and fruit. -The buildings within it rose amongst bright and beautiful gardens, -higher and higher towards the gilded roof of the palace, above which, -three domes shone in the warm sunshine. Not far off stood the Church -of St. Sophia, and in it too were gold and gems. Ships lay on the -sparkling waters of the Golden Horn beyond the city, and the sun shone -brightly on the narrow sea that lay between Europe and Asia. - -When Bohemond and Tancred came to Byzantium, they found that some of -the armies that had already arrived were on one side of the narrow -sea and some were on the other. Tancred was very eager to see all the -armies on the side away from Byzantium and towards Jerusalem, but he -found that the Emperor would not lend them ships in which to cross the -water, until all the leaders had promised that they would make him the -ruler over every town that they won from the Moslems. - -The knights were very angry. They had always kept for themselves the -cities they had fought for and won, and they could not bear the thought -of winning Jerusalem only to give it up again. But the Emperor was -a crafty man. When he saw that he could not make them promise what -he wished by fair means, he made up his mind that other ways might -succeed where these had failed. He took many of the Crusaders over -the narrow sea, for he was afraid of having too many of them close to -Byzantium. Then when he had divided them from each other, he tried to -win his will. - -He feasted the knights at his palace and made them believe that he -thought them great and noble people. He really scorned them very much, -because though they were brave, they did not care about learning or -art. But he tried to hide from them the scorn that he and his people -felt for them. He spoke to Godfrey about the grave where the body of -Christ had lain, and about the wood of the true Cross, till Godfrey -really thought he was a man who cared as much about Jerusalem as he -himself did, and said that he would think of him as his Emperor. And -that was what the crafty Greek wished, for he cared nothing at all for -the Holy City. But he did not speak to Bohemond about Jerusalem! He led -him through the palace, and as they walked they passed an open door. -Bohemond looked in and started in surprise, for he saw that gems and -gold and silver were piled in disorder, while here and there he saw the -leg of a costly table or the back of an inlaid chair. - -‘Ah,’ said Bohemond, ‘what victories he might win who owns all this!’ - -‘It is your own,’ a voice whispered to him. - -Bohemond said he could not take so great a treasure, but though he said -that, he was very glad indeed to get it, and at night, all that had -dazzled his eyes as he glanced through the open door, lay in his own -tent. He said, of course, that he would do what the Emperor wished, but -though the Emperor was glad to have him say it, in order that other -knights might be more willing to say so too, he knew very well that -Bohemond would not keep his promise a day longer than he wished to do -so. - -The Emperor wished all the knights to own his rule, but there was one -who would not. It was Tancred. He hated the silly round of pleasure -in Byzantium. He scorned both the gold and the flattering words of the -Emperor. One day a Greek nobleman spoke rudely to him, and Tancred -struck him in the public street. After that his life was in danger. He -took off his glittering armour, put on the dress of a common soldier, -and escaped across the narrow sea to that part of the army that had -already gone over. But still the Emperor would not let the others go -without Tancred’s promise. At last Bohemond went to Tancred and said to -him that he was to blame, because he alone was keeping the army back -and standing in the way of the rescue of the Holy City by refusing to -serve the Emperor. Tancred still had faith in his cousin, and when he -pled with him he could not say no. So he yielded; only he hoped that -the Emperor would soon break his promise to help the Crusaders so -that they might be free from their promise to him. Then the Emperor -lent his ships and hastened the Crusaders on their way with gifts -and promises, but he sent messengers to warn the Saracens that they -were coming to attack them. The great army that marched into Asia knew -nothing of that. There were a hundred thousand horsemen, besides many, -many others. It is not possible to imagine the noise they made. The -heavy armour of the horses rattled and clashed, and the clang of armour -drowned the sound of trampling. Often a peal of merry laughter rang -out from a group of village children, or from some gay lady who had -come with father or husband to share the danger and the triumph of the -Holy War. As they rode, the trumpets sounded and the deep voices of the -heralds shouted, ‘Save the Holy Sepulchre!’ The sunlight flashed from -bright weapons and from gay scarfs and banners. - -They marched gladly on till the city of Nicæa rose before them. Its -walls were so broad and so strong that horses could dash round on the -top without doing any harm. And three hundred towers guarded the city. -On one side, the water of a lake washed close up to the wall: on the -other, mountains rose from it. The black flag of the Turk waved every -here and there on the steep slope, and the tents of Moslem soldiers -clustered round each flag. - -For seven weeks the Crusaders laid siege to the city. During those days -there was a great deal of fighting with the Turks outside the wall. -Tancred was always in the thick of the battle, and ever where he was, -the army of the Holy Cross carried all before it, and the enemy fled -to their tents. But the city still held out, and from its walls arrows -and stones hurtled down with deadly aim. There was one huge Moslem -who never seemed to miss his mark. He hurled stones and arrows and -javelins, and wherever they fell they brought death. One day he grew so -bold that he threw away his shield and stood on the wall and scorned -his foes beneath. A hundred bows were stretched tight, a hundred arrows -whizzed through the air, but when they had all fallen to earth, he -still stood there unharmed. It seemed as if he bore a charmed life. But -he had insulted the armies of the Cross, and Godfrey had heard him do -it. A thrill went through the camp as the German leader raised his bow -and arrow. No other arm was raised. Godfrey’s arrow sped alone through -the air. A breathless moment passed. Then the body of the giant fell -forward from the wall, dead, shot through the heart, into the moat -below. - -The knights could not understand how it was that the people in Nicæa -were not suffering from hunger. Those who shot down the stones and the -arrows looked strong and well. Yet the armies had watched the gates -night and day for seven weeks. At last they found out that when night -fell and there was no moon, food was brought to Nicæa across the lake -and pulled up into the city. At first it seemed as if nothing could -be done to stop this, but at last a plan was made. The lake stretched -away from Nicæa till only a strip of land lay between it and the narrow -sea. The Crusaders sent messengers to the Emperor and asked him to -give them ships and sledges. This he gladly did, because he wished them -to think that he meant to help them in all their battles. Then in the -darkness when all was ready, a band of knights spurred their horses to -the narrow sea. They hoisted the ships on to the sledges and dragged -them over the sandy ridge, and then launched the vessels in the lake. -When the daylight came and the Moslems looked out, they saw their -enemies’ ships riding under the walls of their city and knew that no -help could come to them by land or sea. - -The Crusaders were delighted. ‘Only a few more hours,’ they thought, -‘and Nicæa must be in our hands.’ - -In a few more hours Nicæa had fallen, but the flag that floated from -its towers was the flag of Greece. Every one was full of anger and -surprise. The soldiers gathered round the knights. - -‘What does it mean?’ they asked. - -But the knights could not tell them. By some means two Greek generals -had entered Nicæa and had made the people there believe that it would -be much better for them to yield to the Emperor than to the armies from -the North. - -But though the Crusaders were very angry, they did not stay to grieve -that Nicæa was not their own. They were glad, because they had subdued -so strong a city. They hastened on and broke into two bands that they -might more easily find food. But Turks on swift horses watched them and -rode back to tell their chief how carelessly the Crusaders marched. -The land was beautiful and rich, and Bohemond gave the command to -halt by a river that flowed through a grassy plain amongst clumps of -trees. Everything seemed quiet and peaceful. Tancred listened to the -heralds as they shouted three times over, ‘Save the Holy Sepulchre!’ -and thought with joy that soon there might be no need for the heralds’ -shout. But another cry ran through the tents! ‘The enemy is on us!’ Ere -men had time to arm, the clouds of dust beyond the river and the white -turbans and green vests that flashed through the dust, proved to every -man that the cry was true. - -Arrows fell thick as rain. They glanced from the chain-mail of the -knights, but they entered the joints of the horses’ armour and made -them frantic with pain. The horns and drums and terrible yells of the -Turks maddened the horses still more. The Arab horses were lighter -and swifter than those of the knights. They could dart away when the -Crusaders attacked them and rush in again to attack in return. - -Tancred was nearly killed. He had seen his brother fall. It may have -made him reckless. Bohemond’s sharp eyes saw that he was in the midst -of foemen and that his lance was broken. He dashed across the river, -swooped down on the Turks with a terrific yell, and bore Tancred safely -away. - -But while the Crusaders were fighting, another band of Turks fell on -the camp and took it. The knights could not retake the camp and keep -the foe at bay at the same time. They had no thought of yielding, but -they saw that many of their followers were losing courage. Suddenly -they heard a shout of joy. Godfrey and his warriors were in sight. The -voices of the priests led the battle cry, ‘It is the will of God! It is -the will of God!’ - -The Turks were tired with the long fight. They could not resist this -new force. They were overcome, chased, and slain. Their camp fell into -the Crusaders’ hands. The knights found strange new weapons there, -and many camels and horses. They handled the curious Eastern arms in -wonder, and led the camels about in delight. - -But a great danger was before them. A band of Turks had escaped. They -had not been able to conquer their foes, but they could injure them -still. They rode swiftly forward and burned the towns and trampled the -corn in the fields along the roads by which the Crusaders would have -to go. They rode forward for five hundred miles, and behind them they -left empty houses and barren lands. - -It was the hottest part of the year, and as the armies marched through -this wasted land, men and horses dropped out of the ranks to die of -thirst. So many horses died, that the stores had to be carried by dogs -and by goats. - -One day during this terrible time, some one noticed wet sand on the -paws of a dog. Then another was found with wet sand on his coat. The -excitement was terrible. Every one searched for the footprints of the -dogs that they might find the water the dogs had found. At last the -tracks were seen, and thousands of weak and thirst-stricken soldiers -tottered up to the mountain stream in which the dogs had bathed. But -they drank so wildly that three hundred of them died by the bank of the -torrent. - -As the Crusaders rode south towards Jerusalem, they overtook bands of -Turks. Some of these Moslem warriors went into the towns for shelter, -and the knights often followed them there and took away their weapons. - -One day Tancred led his followers into the town of Tarsus and raised -his flag to show that it belonged to him, but just after he had done -this, Baldwin, one of Godfrey’s brothers, rode up to Tancred and said -that he and his men must have half of the spoil of the city. But the -people of Tarsus were Christians, and Tancred would not let his own -knights take any of their wealth from them, so he could not allow -Baldwin to rob them either. But Baldwin would not listen to him. He -forced his way into the town, tore down Tancred’s banner and flung it -into a ditch. - -Tancred was very angry, and so were his men. They loved him and boasted -of his brave deeds, and they were enraged that any one should treat him -so. They wished to fight Baldwin at once and chase him from Tarsus. But -Tancred pled with them not to attack another Crusader. He spoke of the -Holy War and of Jerusalem, and led them out from the town they had won -and on to Malmistra. But Baldwin did not find as much as he wished in -Tarsus, and before long, Tancred’s soldiers saw the banners of the man -they hated beneath the walls of Malmistra. This time Tancred yielded -to his soldiers, and marched out against Baldwin, but he had no heart -to fight against one with whom he had set out to save the Holy City, -and next morning the two knights met in friendship before their men and -vowed to forget the past. - -Tancred had no more trouble from the greed and meanness of Baldwin, for -Godfrey’s brother stole away in the dead of night with a band of picked -fighting men, left the crusading army, and marched off to win an empire -for himself. - -At last, after months of weary marching, the Crusaders stood on a -spur of the rocky hills over which the last part of their track had -lain, and looked down on the rich valley of the Orontes River. They -saw vineyards and cornfields on either side of the river, and shut in -between it and the mountains, they saw the town of Antioch. It was a -beautiful town and a very strong one, with a great citadel that rose -high above its walls. It was called ‘The Queen of the East.’ Soon the -Crusaders had made their camp in the fair green valley. The sun shone -on white tents and flashing weapons, on bucklers of gold and green and -crimson, and on the gay banners of the knights. - -The men were weary with the long march and with the hunger and thirst -they had so often suffered. Instead of closing round the city, they -spread over the valley and feasted. They dreamed of all that they meant -to do instead of doing anything. - -It was autumn, and the weather was warm and sunny. The vines were heavy -with clusters of grapes. Cattle fed in the pasture lands and corn grew -in the fields. Sometimes bands of Moslems from the city fell on the -Crusaders as they feasted. Then the knights mounted and fought, and won -great glory for themselves, but the town was as safe as ever. - -But when winter came and the camp was a marsh, they saw how foolish it -was to kill all the cattle and feast on corn and wine, and waste it, -when, if they had been careful, they might have had more than enough -for the wet days of winter, and might even have been within Antioch. - -Tancred and his men rode far and near to find food for the army, and -then he stood by in wrath when he saw that the stores he had fought -so hard to win were wasted, as the fruit of the valley had been. Many -men grew hopeless, and tried to steal away from the army by night. -Tancred was always ready either to fight or to help. One night as he -watched by the camp, he saw two figures clambering up the hillside. He -thought he knew one of them. He spurred his horse up the steep road -and caught them. One was a knight and the other was Peter the Hermit! -He had thought it would be so simple to win the Holy City, and now the -long waiting and the carelessness of those around him had sapped all -his courage, and Peter had fled. But when Tancred brought him back, -he vowed on the Gospels that he would never leave the army again till -Jerusalem was won. - -At last the Crusaders did enter Antioch, but it was not by the strength -of their arms. Tancred’s cousin, Bohemond, made a plot with one of -the tower-keepers of the city. But when he told the knights of it, he -said that he would not lead them into Antioch unless they would give -it to him to be his own. At first they would not agree to this. They -did not like his stealthy plans, and they did not wish him to be Lord -of Antioch. But soon they heard that a Moslem army was coming to fight -with them and to help Antioch, so they yielded. - -The night on which they chose to enter was wild and stormy. The knights -and soldiers heard the wind rush down the valleys. They saw tents and -walls and towers gleam out in the sudden lightning flashes and then -sink into utter darkness again. The tower-keeper lowered a ladder, -but every one shrank back from it. The Crusaders were warriors, not -robbers, and the storm made it seem as if uncanny powers of air were -fighting against their unsoldierly deed. Bohemond, however, was not -afraid to be mean. When he saw that no one else would go, he led the -way himself. Sixty knights followed him. They opened the city gates, -and soon the crusading army rushed through the streets of Antioch. But -the citadel was so strong and so well defended that the armies of the -knights could not take it. - -The foolish soldiers feasted on the food they found in the city. They -did not know that the Moslem armies were at their gates till they saw -the horses dashing through the camp that they had left. In a few days -the food was done. The enemy was in the citadel and in the valley. Many -Crusaders tried to flee. The others called them rope-dancers because -they slipped from the city wall on ropes. They were less afraid of the -Turkish army than of famine! - -[Illustration: Bohemond led the way himself] - -The soldiers lost all hope. They hid in churches and houses. Bohemond -burned down the buildings to force them out. But though the fire -drove them to their posts it could not give them courage. - -The knights were in despair. Tancred had promised never to leave the -army while he had sixty men to follow him, but few were so brave as -he was. The leaders gathered to speak of what could be done to save -Antioch and the army from the Moslems. As they sat and talked, a monk -named Peter Bartholemy stood before them. He had come so noiselessly -that he startled them. He asked if he might speak. Then he told them -that he had three times seen a vision of the apostle Andrew, and that -he had said to him: - -‘At Antioch, in the Church of my brother St. Peter, the head of the -lance that pierced the side of the Redeemer is hid near the high altar. -In three days it will be shown to those who follow Him. Search, and ye -shall find. Bear it high in battle, and the sacred weapon shall pierce -the souls of the enemy.’ - -For two days every one fasted. It was not difficult to fast in Antioch -then. It was harder almost to eat the tasteless fragments that were all -that could be found. On the third day men began to dig beside the altar -in St. Peter’s Church. - -[Illustration: Peter held a lance head high in the air] - -The diggers were weary, and those who watched them grew faithless or -scornful, for though the hole grew deeper--six feet, nine feet, twelve -feet--still no one had heard the clink of the lance-head against -the spades. As evening fell, the monk Peter leapt barefoot into the -hole. His spade sounded with a dull thud against the earth, but what -was that? The digging ceased. Every one started and leant forward -awe-struck. Peter clambered up and held a lance-head high in the air. -They wrapt it in cloth of gold and purple, and all was stir in the -army. The news of what had happened passed like flame from place to -place. Men who had wished to die were eager and full of hope. The -Crusaders were so sure that they would win, that they sent Peter the -Hermit to the leader of the Moslems to offer to make peace with him. -But he drove Peter the Hermit from him, and said that they had only to -choose between slavery and death. He did not know how the thought of -the sacred lance had roused the knights and their followers. When the -trumpets sounded the call to arms he would scarcely leave the game of -chess he was playing. It was no wonder that he scorned the army that -came out to meet him. Most of the horses had died in Antioch. Knights -rode from the city gates on camels and on asses. The foot soldiers were -in rags, and some of them were lame. The Moslems had set fire to great -heaps of hay round the city walls, and the famished army had to make -its way through these. Hour passed after hour. It seemed as if even the -courage of faith could not withstand the numbers of the Turks. But just -then three wondrous knights in white and shining armour appeared. ‘The -saints are coming to your aid.’ ‘St. George!’ ‘St. George!’ The shouts -rang through the camp. The Crusaders rushed wildly on. The Saracens -broke and fled. They were followed by Tancred and other brave knights -until sunset. - -The armies feasted again and lingered at Antioch, while the bolder -knights longed and fretted to march for Jerusalem. - -After many delays the Crusaders at length saw the Holy City rise in -the distance. The sight of it brought out all that was best in them. -Quarrels were forgotten. The Crusaders were not warriors now, they were -pilgrims. Horsemen and foot-soldiers threw down their weapons and knelt -on the rocky track. Many strong men wept as they rose and went towards -the city in joy and awe. - -[Illustration: They knelt on the rocky track] - -A band of Christians from Bethlehem came to meet them and to plead -with them not to forget the need of the village where Christ was born -in their eagerness to rescue the town where He died. Tancred went with -them, and a band of brave men followed him. He surprised the village -at night, and the banner of the Cross waved over it in the morning -sunshine. Then he rode back to join the army that marched towards -Jerusalem. Before night fell again the Crusaders were encamped before -the Holy City. The soldiers were as eager to attack the city as the -boldest of the knights. Although they had no engines that were strong -enough and high enough to throw stones into the city, they tried to -take it at once. They were driven back. But they were not hopeless, as -they had often been before. They planned how they could best attack -it again. To the south and east of Jerusalem the walls of the city -rise from deep gorges. The Crusaders could not hope to build engines -that would have power to shoot weapons and stones across these chasms. -So they pitched their tents only to the north, and to the west of -the city, and laid siege to the walls from St. Stephen’s gate at the -north-east corner to the Tower of David at the south-west. - -Then the knights looked for wood to make engines and platforms. They -broke through the bands of Saracens who guarded the roads, and brought -tools and food from ships that had come to Joppa, but still they looked -in vain for trees large enough to make into battering rams and engines. -One day Tancred and his men saw some trees in the distance. They looked -large and strong, but he had so often hoped in vain to find what he -wished, that he would scarcely let himself believe what his eyes saw. -This time his hope was not in vain. When he reached the trees, he found -that they were truly great forest trees, and though they were thirty -miles from Jerusalem, he and his men soon cut down as many as were -needed and dragged them to the camp. - -All this time the sun had blazed down on the crusading army. In the -heat and drought they dared not drink because the Moslems had poisoned -the wells. But nothing could daunt their courage now, for the walls of -the Holy City rose before them. The whole army fasted for three days. -Then they marched round Jerusalem. Tancred and some other knights -lingered on Mount Olivet, and thought of what had happened there -hundreds of years ago. On the mountain there they were standing at -about the same height as the walls of the city on the other side of the -valley, and as they stood, they saw the Moslems mock them, by fixing -crosses on the ramparts, and flinging mud at them to show how much they -scorned the Christians and their worship. - -As the knights came back to their camp the sun set and the Moslem call -for prayer rang out from the minarets of the city. It was answered by -the chant of the Crusaders, ‘So shall they fear the name of the Lord -from the west, and His glory from the rising of the sun.’ - -During the night the great engines were drawn close to the city wall. -In the dim light of the morning, huge stones were shot into the city -and showers of arrows fell within the walls. - -The Saracens used dreadful weapons. They poured boiling oil on the -Crusaders and set fire to their engines. The knights poured vinegar on -the blazing towers of their engines to put out the flames, but soon -they had emptied out every drop they had. Then they had to watch the -platforms they had built with so much care fall in blazing ruins and -crush the men on whom they fell. The battle raged all day. It opened -again next morning, and again the fire of the Saracens burned the -towers of the besiegers. It seemed as if the Crusaders must fail once -more. But Godfrey saw the glistening armour of a knight on the mount of -Olives. He shouted, - -‘It is St. George who has come again to help us.’ - -The soldiers dashed once more to their engines. The wind changed and -blew the flames into the city. That afternoon, Godfrey stood on the -wall of Jerusalem. He and the knights who were with him hastened to -St. Stephen’s Gate and flung it open. - -‘It is the will of God! It is the will of God,’ rang through the -streets as the Moslems fled hither and thither for shelter. - -Tancred rushed into the city. He saw before him the Mosque of Omar, -and marked it for his own. When he entered it he found three hundred -Moslems who had taken shelter there amongst the marble pillars. He -promised to spare their lives and gave them a banner to prove that he -meant to keep his word. But other Crusaders thought it very wrong of -Tancred not to kill every Moslem, and, in spite of the banner, they -slew all the men whom he had promised to save. The joy of the taking of -Jerusalem was spoiled for Tancred. His honour had been set at nought. -Still he did not cease to serve the cause he loved. He shared the -treasure of the Mosque with Godfrey and with many of the soldiers who -had fought with him. Then he gave what was over to build the Christian -churches that lay in ruins. - -The cross which had been thrown down and hidden was found. The knights -set it up again in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, and other thoughts -than war and bloodshed filled the minds of the Crusaders. Godfrey flung -aside his bloody sword and armour, clad himself in a robe of pure -white linen, and with bare head and feet entered the ruined Church of -the Holy Sepulchre. He knelt on the pavement and kissed the stone of -the grave. One after another the knights followed him. Then the crowd -turned to Peter the Hermit. They forgot that he had fled from Antioch. -He was the hero of the day again as he had been in the market-places of -the north. - -The knights wished to choose a king. The choice lay between Tancred and -Godfrey. But Tancred was a warrior; he did not wish to rule. Godfrey -stood alone. The only thing that his servants could say against him was -that he lingered too long in church, and cared not though they waited -for him nor though his dinner grew cold. - -Godfrey was chosen king, but when the crown was brought he refused to -wear it. He said that he would never be crowned with gold where the -Saviour of the world had worn the crown of thorns. Nor would he take -the title of king. ‘Baron and Defender of the Holy Sepulchre,’ he -called himself. But others called him Godfrey I., King of Jerusalem. - -After this the Crusaders left him. Many of them went home to Europe; -others scattered over the Holy Land. - -Tancred, with three hundred knights and two thousand foot soldiers, -stayed to defend the new kingdom. Godfrey reigned for less than a year. -His death was a great sorrow to those who loved Jerusalem. Tancred -lived for twelve years to fight the battles of the Holy City. He ruled -Antioch while Bohemond was in prison, for he still was faithful to his -cousin, though Bohemond’s aims were low, his hopes selfish, and his -heart cruel. - -Tancred died in the strength of his manhood from a battle wound. In -that rough time he was one - - ‘Than whom ... is no nobler knight, - More mild in manner, fair in manly bloom, - Nor more sublimely daring in the fight.’ - - - - -CHAPTER III - -HOW THE KINGS FOUGHT FOR GLORY AND NOT FOR CHRIST - - -After Godfrey died many kings reigned in Jerusalem, but amongst them -all there was not one who was like him. The head of the Christian -Church in the Holy Land was called the Patriarch of Jerusalem. There -was great power in his hands, and often he and the king were enemies. -Instead of trying to help one another to make the Christian power -strong, they used each to try to get all the power away from the other. -If it had not been for two great orders of knights, the Moslems would -soon have swept the new kingdom away. - -Long before the first Crusade, a hospice had been built near the Holy -Sepulchre. The Brothers who lived there welcomed pilgrims and were -kind to the poor. At the time of the taking of Jerusalem, they gave -such ready help to the armies of the Cross that many crusading knights -joined their brotherhood. These men promised always to fight against -the Saracens and also to seek no wealth for themselves. They were -called the Knights Hospitallers. They wore a long black robe with five -white crosses on it in time of peace, but in time of war they wore an -upper robe of red with a silver cross on its shoulder. The knights of -the other order were named Templars. They wore a long white mantle with -a red cross on the shoulder. In battle they carried a flag, half white -and half black. It meant that they were simple and frank to Christians, -but dark and fearsome to Moslems. The Templars were so proud of their -vow of poverty that their seal was two knights on the back of one -horse. But though they boasted of it they often forgot it in daily life. - -If King and Patriarch, Hospitallers and Templars, had remembered -that white-and-black banner, and had always been frank and simple to -Christians, nothing could have stood against them. Instead of that, -they often fought amongst themselves and said bitter things about each -other, and weakened the kingdom they had vowed to strengthen. - -In Europe there had been many changes. The Crusade had done far less -for the Christians in the Holy Land than Peter had dreamed it would do. -But it had done much for the countries to which the Crusaders belonged. -It had made people think for themselves. - -But every one did not think that that was a good thing. Bernard, who -preached the second Crusade, did not think so. He wished the power of -the Church to rule everything and every one. He was a very great man, -and while he lived kings and emperors obeyed him, as if they had been -little children. The Pope himself used to ask him to tell him what he -must do. Bernard always knew what he wished, and he quickly found the -best way to gain his ends, for his heart was simple, and he coveted no -earthly honour nor wealth for himself. He had become a monk when he was -very young. Though he had been brought up in great comfort, he only ate -coarse bread soaked in warm water. He was as unwilling to give pleasure -to his mind as to his body. One time some friends came to see him and -made him smile. He thought this was a great sin, and he lay before the -altar for twenty-five days praying for pardon. - -When any one wished to enter his order, he said to them, ‘You must -leave your body outside, only spirits can enter here.’ - -Yet though Bernard was a great and strong man, the Crusade he planned -ended in failure. Thousands of knights and soldiers died in Asia, and -the leaders came back to Europe with only a handful of the men who had -followed them in the wars. - -Not very long after the return of these fighting men, a lad named -Saladin went to Egypt from Damascus. Saladin liked pleasure and -idleness, and he was very unwilling to leave his happy home in the -north to go to Egypt to fight under his uncle. When he was told that -he must do this, he said, ‘I go, but with the despair of a man led to -death.’ The ruler of Egypt had many men around him who wished for more -power and honour than they had, and he was afraid that one of them -would kill him and take his place. He saw Saladin, and noticed that he -seemed careless about making a name for himself, and yet that he was a -very great fighter when he was roused by battle. This made him wish to -have him always with him, and so Saladin was made ruler of the forces. - -But then a strange change came over Saladin. He no sooner had charge of -men than he ceased to be a thoughtless lad, and became a serious leader -of armies. Instead of growing slowly, as most people do, he seemed to -change all at once from a playful, self-willed child to a strong man, -who could bear all hardships to gain his end. Soon the ruler of Egypt -died, and Saladin reigned in his place. Ere long he was Lord of Bagdad -too, and that meant that he had power over the whole Moslem world. - -During all this time the kings of Jerusalem were weak, powerless men. -At first Saladin wished to make a truce with the one who reigned when -he became Lord of Bagdad. This was not because he had any kind feeling -towards him. He only wished to get time to make his own kingdom strong -ere he fought for the little belt of Syrian land that belonged to the -Christians. It was the only bit in all that part of the world that he -did not rule. - -But a noble of the kingdom of Jerusalem, named the Lord of Carac, broke -the truce. He robbed caravans and killed Moslems whenever he could. -Saladin was very angry. He could wait no longer, but decided to fight -for Jerusalem at once. - -In the Holy City, jealousy and bitterness were making strife amongst -those who ought to have been friends. Red cross knights hated white -cross knights. When they did uphold each other it was not in order -to fight the foe, but to fight the priests. They even shot arrows at -them in the streets of Jerusalem. The priests gathered up the arrows, -laid them out under the open sky, and prayed that God would punish the -knights. And when the time came to face Saladin, it was not possible to -get the Christian army to fight as one man. - -The Saracens took the town of Tiberias on the Lake of Galilee. The news -of this was brought to the King of Jerusalem as he rode out to meet -Saladin. Count Raymond, in whose land Tiberias was, rode beside the -king. The Count’s wife and children were in the town, but yet Raymond -said: - -‘This army is all we have: if we lose it, the Holy City will be lost. -Let us go to some place where Saladin will have to attack us, where we -shall hold the fortress instead of attacking him. I would rather lose -this country and all that I possess, if by that I might save the Holy -City.’ - -But the other knights made the king believe that Raymond said this -because he was really on Saladin’s side, and wished him to win. The -king yielded to them, and the army marched forward to Tiberias. When -they reached the town, they found that all the heights on the hills -round it were fortified. For two days a terrible battle raged. The -Moslems even were astonished at the brave way the crusading army fought -to save the wood of the true Cross which they had carried into the -fight. They said that ‘the knights flew round it like moths round a -candle.’ - -But at last the bishop who bore it was killed, and the Cross was -carried to Saladin’s camp. When the Crusaders raised the body of the -dead bishop they found that he had worn a coat of mail under his robe, -and they thought that it was because of his want of faith that they had -lost the battle, for always before, the bearer of the Cross had gone -unarmed into battle. - -When the Cross was taken, the crusading army lost all courage. One -after another of the leaders was taken prisoner. Count Raymond escaped, -but soon he died of misery for a lost cause and a lost home. - -When the king and the Lord of Carac were brought before Saladin the -Moslem welcomed the king kindly. He offered him a great goblet full -of cool wine. The king was hot and faint from battle. The wine was -pleasant to him, and it made him hope for kindness from Saladin. - -The king drank. Then he passed the goblet to the Lord of Carac, but -Saladin seized his arm. - -‘That traitor shall not drink in my presence,’ he shouted. - -The count looked at him with scorn, and made his rage hotter by acting -as boldly as if he had been a free man in his own castle. - -‘Choose between the Moslem faith and death!’ said Saladin. Carac had -not been true to the truce, but he would not give up his loyalty to the -Crusaders in order to save his life. Quick as thought the scimitar of -a Turkish soldier severed the head of the count from his body, which -fell lifeless at the feet of the king. Then the captive knights were -led in. - -‘Slay every one his man. I will rid the earth of these unclean races,’ -said Saladin to his warriors. They hung back. The knights were -prisoners of war and unarmed, and the Moslem soldiers did not wish to -butcher them. But Saladin would not listen even to his own soldiers -when they asked him to spare his captives. They had to do his will, and -knight after knight fell dead before the king. - -After these terrible days Saladin went with haste to Jerusalem. He sent -this message to the Christians in the city: - -‘I, as well as you, count Jerusalem to be the house of God; I will not -defile it with blood if I can gain it by peace and love. Give it up, -and I will give you freedom to go where you will, and as much land as -you can till.’ - -But they answered: - -‘We cannot yield the city in which our God died. Still less can we sell -it to you.’ - -By and by, when they saw that they could not hold out against Saladin, -they offered to agree to what he had said. - -‘It is too late,’ replied Saladin; ‘look at my yellow banners floating -from the wall!’ He did not know how brave the men were. When they heard -his answer they sent this message: - -‘Very well, we will destroy the city. Your mosque and the stone of -Jacob which you worship shall be made into dust. Five thousand Moslem -prisoners shall be slain. Then we will kill our wives and our children, -and march out to you with fire and sword. Not one of us will die till -ten Moslems lie slain by his sword.’ - -When Saladin heard these threats, he said he would let each citizen who -could pay for his ransom go free. - -On the day on which the Christians were to leave Jerusalem, Saladin -sat on a throne and watched the stream of people press out of the -gate. First came the priests. They bore the Communion vessels and the -ornaments of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. Then the queen came, and -with her a band of nobles, and then the great crowd of people. They -were very sad. They were leaving their homes and their city, and some -of them were leaving friends for whom no ransom money could be found. -Now and again the line was broken and some one took courage to fall -before the Sultan to beg for the freedom of husband or of children who -had been left behind. Saladin and his brother paid the ransom money for -thousands, and only a small band stayed to be the slaves of the Moslems. - -The saddened Christians were gone from the streets of the Holy City, -and a crowd of joyous and excited people surged everywhere. Jerusalem -was nearly as sacred to the Moslems as to those they had conquered. -They hurled down a great cross from the dome above which it stood. They -washed the mosque of Omar within and without with rosewater, that no -Christian dust even might lie on the walls or floors. Allah is the name -by which Moslems speak of God, and Saladin was welcomed everywhere as -‘the bright star of Allah.’ - -When the news of the fall of Jerusalem reached Europe, the grief was -terrible. The Pope died of sorrow. The royal courts went into mourning. -The priests veiled the statues in the churches. Songs of love and -chivalry were forgotten, and the minstrels sang only of the captured -city. - -Three great kings vowed to regain the Holy City. They were King -Richard of England, King Philip of France, and the Emperor Frederick -of Germany. The emperor was the first to set out. He is called -‘Barbarossa,’ because that means ‘red beard,’ and he had a great red -beard. He had an army of strong warriors. His men loved him, and they -did what he bade them without a murmur. He never allowed them to idle -away their time or to grow soft and lazy after a victory, but swept -them on in perfect order from battle to battle and carried all before -him. The news of his great march came to Saladin, and even he feared -lest his armies might not be able to face so great a band of warriors. -But one day as Frederick rested on the banks of a river that flowed -through the country north of the Holy Land, he longed to bathe in the -cool stream. He plunged in, but something stunned him, and the great -Emperor Barbarossa was drawn up on the bank only to die. He was buried -in the Crusader Church at Tyre. But his people in Germany could not -believe that he was dead. They made this beautiful legend about him. -They said he had been borne from the East by magic, and that he lies in -a great hall in Germany and waits there until his country needs him. -When her need is greatest he will waken, they say, and burst the doors -of his prison and come to save her. But no one has seen the red glow of -Barbarossa’s beard in the dimly lighted hall, nor has any one found the -castle in which he lies. - -[Illustration: Barbarossa waits until his country needs him] - -Many soldiers in France and England grew weary of waiting for their -kings, and hastened to fight under the banner of the King of Jerusalem. - -When at length King Philip and King Richard set out, they were stayed -by a storm at an island on their way to the Holy Land. They spent the -winter there, but they lost much more than time. For years they had -been friends, but now that they had set out on the same quest, they -quarrelled so fiercely, that though they both did many brave deeds, -all were marred by the bitter hatred and jealousy that had sprung up -between them. - -When Philip reached the Christian armies, he found that they were -laying siege to Acre. They were in great danger. Their camp lay round -the landward walls of the city. But beyond their tents lay the Moslem -camp, and when the knights attacked Acre, bands of their foes could -rush on the camp and destroy those who were left to guard it. The -sails of Philip’s fleet were seen with joy by the crusading army, -but when he landed he said he would not fight till Richard came. Even -when at length both kings were in the camp, the whole force would not -fight together. Richard was so much afraid that Philip’s army would be -praised for what the English knights had done, and Philip was so much -afraid that England would be praised for the brave deeds of the French, -that when the one king fought, the other looked on! - -Sometimes days and even weeks passed with no fighting. And during -those times of peace, the two Christian kings were more friendly with -Saladin than they were with each other. Once they both lay ill. Each of -them thought that perhaps the other had sent poison to him and caused -his illness, but they both took food and doctors from Saladin without -fear. In times of peace too, the warriors from the Moslem camp and -the crusading knights held tournaments and dances in the open spaces -between the tents. And even in battle, signs of the strange friendship -were seen, for Saladin rode into the fight with the badge of chivalry -on his breast. - -The common soldiers did not know what to think. They had come with -their lords to fight for the Holy City and to help Christians who were -in misery, and their masters seemed far more eager to give gifts to the -Moslem leaders and to do great deeds of daring than to take Jerusalem. - -But though Richard and Philip forgot to fight only for the relief of -Christians, Saladin did not forget that he meant to rid the land of -Christians. He admired the brave deeds of Richard, but he meant to -drive Richard from his land. - -After two years, Acre fell into the hands of the crusading armies. The -knights wished to make Saladin promise to give back the wood of the -true cross. Those who really cared about winning the land back for the -kingdom of Jerusalem, thought that the loss of this precious relic -had been the cause of all their trouble. People believed very queer -things in those days, and one of the things they believed was that all -over Europe, since the wood of the true cross had been taken from the -bishop at Tiberias, babies had only had twenty-two teeth instead of -thirty-two. But Richard himself did not care very much about the wood -of the true cross, so he let the Moslems keep it. - -Saladin was very angry when other people did not keep their promises, -but he was in no haste to pay the ransom he had said he would give if -those who lived in Acre were set free. Richard was so angry at the -delay that he slew five thousand prisoners. Philip was longing to go -back to France, and he made this cruel act of Richard’s his excuse. -About this time Richard offended two other warriors. He vexed a noble -called Conrade, and he tore down the standard of Leopold of Austria. -Philip sailed away, and the other two nobles allowed Richard to stand -alone as the leader of the crusading army, but they never forgot his -pride and wilfulness. - -As he led his forces south towards Jerusalem a host of Saracens met -them. There seemed no hope of victory or even of safety, but the -thought that the Holy City was near, made the Crusaders fight with all -their might, and the foe fled before them. While they were rejoicing in -this, another Moslem army swept down on them and all seemed lost, when -Richard galloped to the head of his men, and once more the Christians -won the field. - -Though King Richard was a great warrior, and though sometimes the -thought of Jerusalem made him wish nothing so much as that he might win -it from the Saracens, he did not always care to be true to his vows. -After this victory he made a gay court for himself at a town called -Joppa. He rode out to hunt and to seek adventures. Sometimes he was -nearly killed. Once he was in the midst of a band of Saracens. They -were going to make him prisoner when a French knight who was with him, -shouted: - -‘Spare me! I am the king!’ - -He only said that to let the king go free. The Saracens rushed at the -knight, and the king rode off safely. - -Another time Richard saw the enemy come down and attack a small band -of knights who had ridden out to seek food for their horses. He saw -that they were in danger, and he leapt on to his horse and galloped -across the plain. Those who had been with him hastened to follow him, -but when they saw how many Saracens there were, they begged him to turn -and leave the knights to be taken. He was full of anger and, turning to -them, he said: - -‘How could I ever bear the name of king again if I left my followers to -die without help.’ - -He rushed at the foe. The knights, who had been taken by surprise, felt -new courage rise when they saw the king. He and they slashed right -and left with their swords, and ere long Richard led the whole party -joyously back to the camp at Joppa. - -While the Crusaders lived in this gay court, the Christians at -Jerusalem, whom they had vowed to help, were hard at work building -walls and fortresses, for Saladin wished to make Jerusalem so strong -that even Richard could not take it, so he made the Christians who -were in his power build the walls that were to keep their friends from -helping them. - -After feasting at Joppa, Richard led his army to Ascalon. He hoped to -capture the town and all the great forts that had been built there, for -Ascalon was one of the strongest fortresses in the land. When the army -came near the town, the faces of the leaders fell, for Ascalon was only -a heap of ruins. Saladin could not spare men to defend it, and instead -of trying to hold it he made his men pull down stone from stone, that -no one else might find safety within it. It grieved him to do this, and -he said that he would rather that one of his sons had died than that -the fortress should be thrown down. But he was not like Richard, who -sometimes wished one thing and sometimes another. He wished only one -thing, and that was that every crusading knight should either die or -leave the Holy Land. So though it hurt him to destroy the strong towers -and walls of Ascalon, he did it. - -When Richard saw the ruins, he cast aside his armour, and set himself -to heave the great stones from the heaps where they lay, and to build -them again into defences. Knights and soldiers did as they saw their -leader do, and soon the walls began to rise again. For a short time all -went well, but then some of the nobles grew weary of such heavy work -when it had none of the glamour of war to make up for the hardship. -The first to throw down his building tools was Leopold, whose banner -Richard had torn down at Acre. He turned away with anger, and said: - -‘I am not a carpenter nor yet a mason.’ - -Others did as he had done, and looked on with scorn on those who still -worked with Richard. Even amongst those who were not idle there were -many who longed to hasten on to Jerusalem. They knew that even the -great Saladin feared to meet Richard with his armies. The courage of -the English king was as highly thought of in the Saracen camp as in -his own. It was said that the manes of the Arab horses bristled when -Richard’s name was spoken, and that, if a rider in the Holy Land felt -his horse start beneath him, he would say: - -‘Dost see King Richard in that bush?’ - -It was no wonder that the armies, who had suffered so much to win the -Holy City, should grieve that Richard would not march upon it. At last -he yielded to their wishes, and he and his knights swept across the -country towards Jerusalem. All was joyous and cheerful. The heralds -shouted the old call, ‘Save the Holy Sepulchre!’ and it seemed as if -once more the Banner of the Cross would wave over the city where Christ -died. Saladin withdrew into the city. Each new messenger told of the -fear and dread that was in the Saracen camp, and the army of the Cross -marched forward with high hopes. - -But amongst those who were nearest to Richard, there were some who -urged him to turn back. They said that even if Jerusalem were taken by -them they could not hold it. Richard listened to them. He wavered. His -army looked eagerly towards the city whose towers and domes rose dimly -into sight in the distance. He gave one longing look, and turned his -back on Jerusalem. - -But though Richard turned away towards the sea, he was scarcely less -vexed than his army. He was more enraged against the Saracens than -he had ever been, and from this time onward he fought with even more -reckless courage than before. He took ship from Acre and sailed along -the coast to Joppa. But ere his ships entered the harbour, the Saracens -seized the town. Richard could not wait till his vessel reached the -harbour. He plunged into the water, landed, and rushed at the enemy -with his brave knights close behind him. The Saracens fled. Within -three days they came back, and Richard was roused from his sleep by -the cry, - -‘To arms!’ - -There was no time to put on armour. There was scarcely time even to -dress. As Richard sprang into the saddle, he shouted: - -‘Fight like men whose only hope is in courage. Verily, I myself shall -sever the head of him who fails in his duty.’ - -The great host of the Saracens rushed on. Trumpets pealed, and banners -streamed in the air. There seemed no hope for the small band of -knights. But the lion-hearted king was with the knights, and victory -followed his sword. Men could scarcely believe that he was human, for -wherever the battle was hottest Richard seemed to spring from the -ground. Once it seemed as if he were lost among the Saracens. Fear -filled the hearts of his men, when suddenly Richard rode towards them -from the ranks of the foe. He was mounted on a horse they had not seen -before. His own had fallen under him, and the brother of Saladin had -sent two to him in the midst of the battle, because he thought him so -brave and so great a warrior that he could not bear to see him fight on -foot. The Crusaders won the day, but as they returned to the camp they -found another battle before them. The foe had entered the city. The day -had been long and hard, but the spirit of the knights was strong and -fearless, and soon they were masters of Joppa again. When all was over -they gazed at each other. It did not seem possible even to themselves -that they had won so great a victory. Hundreds of Saracens lay dead on -the plain and only one knight had fallen. - -But Richard was eager to return to England. He wished to make peace. -Saladin did not wish for peace. He wished to sweep every Christian from -his land. But his officers thought that if Richard would only leave the -land they would not fear the other Crusaders, and they thought he would -go at once if Saladin made peace with him. When the peace was made, it -was agreed that many seaport towns should belong to the Christians, -and that all might go to Jerusalem to visit the holy places there. In -order that the promises that were made might be as sacred to one side -as to the other, they were made in presence of the Bible and of the -Koran, for the Koran was as holy to the Saracens as the Bible was to -the Christian army. - -Richard had been eager to make peace, but when the moment came when -he had to leave the Holy Land, it seemed as if his heart would break. -Although there were some in the army who did not trust him, and some -who envied him, there were many hundreds who loved him so much that -they did not care to serve under any other leader. They gathered round -him weeping, and watched him step on to the vessel. As the king looked -back over the land he had hoped to win, he said: - -‘O Holy Land! God bless thy people and grant that I may come again to -visit and help thee!’ - -Richard did not care to go through France on his way home, because he -had made Philip so bitter an enemy. He tried to make his way across -Europe further west and north. Sometimes he dressed as a pilgrim, -sometimes as a merchant. But he had been too long a great king to find -it easy to act like any one else. - -In one place he had to ask a count to allow him to pass from one land -to another. He called himself the merchant Hugo, and sent a squire -to ask for leave to go on. He told him to offer a costly ruby ring -to the count to whom he was sent. But the count was a friend of one -of Richard’s foes. He had heard much about the wars, and he at once -thought that this great ruby ring could only belong to the King of -England. He sent back the ring with a kind message, but though he -promised to do as he had been asked, he laid plans to capture the -merchant Hugo! Richard escaped as a pilgrim, but even after that he -would not be wise, for even in a pilgrim’s dress he went on wearing a -great ring on his finger, and he let his squire go to market-places -with a purse full of coins that came from the Holy Land. The lad -boasted of them, and showed them to those who gathered round him. Then, -when it was too late, he saw what he had done and ran to warn his -master, but Richard would not flee. He was taken prisoner by Leopold, -whose banner he had torn down from the walls of Acre, and who had been -the first to throw away his building tools at Ascalon. - -The people of England longed to see him. They had heard how brave he -had been in battle. They loved the thought of him, but what could they -do to save him? They did not know where he was. The story of the way -in which they found out is a strange one. Before the king went to the -Holy Land, he and his minstrel Blondel had made a little song which -they sang verse about. Blondel loved Richard greatly, and he set out to -search for him. He asked where Richard had last been seen. Then he went -from village to village. If a castle stood in sight, he asked if any -prisoner lay there. If there was one, he tried to find out what kind -of a man he was. Once he was in great excitement. The villagers near a -castle told him of a prisoner who seemed to be a man like King Richard. -But Blondel wished to be certain that he was right before he went back -to England. When he was sure that no one saw him he ran to the castle. -He looked at all sides of it till he thought he knew where the dungeon -was. Then he sang some lines of the old song. His voice was broken and -shaky, and when he stopped and waited he could scarcely breathe, he -was so eager to know if anything would happen. Something did happen. -Richard’s voice from within the castle carried on the song. - -When Blondel reached England and told where the king lay a prisoner, he -soon roused the people to give a great sum of money in return for his -freedom. - -Before Richard had landed in England, Saladin lay dead. As the -Christian pilgrims longed to go to Jerusalem, so he had longed to go -to Mecca, for that is the holiest city in the world to those who follow -the prophet. But Saladin was too ill to go to Mecca. When he lay dying -in Damascus, he sent his heralds out to go through the streets of the -city. As they marched, no banners were to stream behind them. Instead -of a banner the shroud he was soon to need was borne along beside them, -while they shouted as he bade them: - -‘This, this is all that remains of the glory of Saladin who conquered -the East!’ - - - - -CHAPTER IV - -HOW FREDERICK CAME TO HIS KINGDOM - - -The kingdom of Jerusalem was in dire need of help. But all the powerful -people in Europe were busy fighting with each other. Once the thought -of the Crusades had been enough to stir every heart, now the great wars -had become the games of children. In the villages, children played at -sieges and battles. The priests still longed to see the Holy City the -centre of a strong kingdom. They spoke to kings and nobles, and pled -with them to go forth bravely as others had done to win renown in wars -of the Cross. But no one heeded them. They watched the children playing -at war, and the thought came that if the men would not go, the children -might. It was many years since Richard and Philip had set forth, and -men had a little forgotten how hard the way was. Besides, some people -thought that if children left their homes and all the ease of life -to fight in a holy war, God would give them the strength of men, and -would make everything easy before them. So when the warriors would not -listen, the priests preached to the children. They told them that a -dry pathway would be made through the great sea, and that the children -would have the strength of heaven in their arms. And the children -listened and followed the preachers. Here and there a lad knew what the -priest meant and believed what he said, and caught sight of the grand -dream that had made Tancred and Godfrey leave all for Jerusalem so long -before. But most of the children knew but little of what they wished -or of what a Crusade meant. They had played at battles till they liked -nothing else so much, and now they ran and danced along through the -villages of Europe as merrily as if they had only been going to see a -fair in the nearest town. Mothers and fathers pled with them to stay. -They tried to keep them back by force. But they had only one answer: - -‘To Jerusalem.’ - -When they reached the shore, the waves on the beach broke against -their feet quietly and steadily. No path opened before them. Those who -tried to wade in soon scrambled back to land. They had neither money -nor food. They were a sorrowful band, and kind people in Italy drew -those who would come into their homes, and allowed them to grow up -amongst their own children. But there were many who would neither go -back to their own lands nor stay in Italy. They wandered by the shore -and dreamed of the Holy City. Then they heard of ships that were to -sail to the south. The captains offered to take the little Crusaders to -the Holy Land without payment. The children crowded on to the vessels, -and thought that now at last they were on the way to save Jerusalem. -But ere many days had gone by they looked at each other with sad and -frightened faces. The captains were wicked, cruel men, and the little -children were sold as slaves. - -Though the children fought no battle, the story of their sorrows roused -Europe to a new Crusade. This time the armies tried to reach Jerusalem -from the South. They landed in Egypt at the mouth of the Nile, and took -the town of Damietta. But they were not strong enough to drive the -enemy away from their camp beside the city. Every day the two forces -fought with each other. Besides those who fell in battle, hundreds of -warriors were drowned in the Nile. In each camp envy and spite were -dividing those who ought to have thought only of the cause for which -they fought. Into the midst of all this hatred a strange figure came. -It was the figure of St. Francis. He was very unlike all others in the -crusading camp, for he did not come to fight, but only to help and to -love. He nursed the sick and wounded by day and by night, and as he -went from tent to tent the rough soldiers looked at him with awe. His -body was worn and spent, yet he never showed that he was tired. It -seemed as if he could make himself do whatever he willed to do, even -when it was something that men thought impossible. - -As he went through the camp, he often looked across to the Saracen -tents. - -‘If they only knew,’ he thought. - -He wished to tell them about Jesus Christ. He did not think that any -one who knew about Him could do anything but love and serve Him. The -longing to tell them grew so strong that he could not stay. He went -alone to the enemies’ camp and entered the sultan’s tent. He told him -of Jesus Christ and of the Christian faith, but the sultan listened -carelessly. He was not moved by the passionate words of St. Francis, -who grew more and more eager. - -‘Test what I say by fire,’ he said. ‘Choose the most faithful follower -of your prophet, and he and I will walk through fire together. Then you -will know that the one whom the flames do not hurt is the one that God -owns.’ - -The sultan looked at him. He thought that the Christian monk was mad. -He would not hear of sending one of his men to walk through fire. But -Francis tried once more to win his Church’s enemy. - -‘I will pass alone through the fire,’ he said, ‘if you will promise to -worship Christ if I am not burned.’ - -The sultan would not promise, and the Saracen soldiers shouted, ‘Behead -him, behead him!’ - -But the sultan was not angry with him; He liked him because of his -courage, and though he would not do what Francis wished, he offered him -many costly gifts. Francis would not take one. They had no charm for -him. He had vowed to be poor all his life. - -He was very sad as he left the camp. He had been so eager to win the -Saracens by love, to believe in Christ, and they would not even think -of what he said to them. - -All who joined this Crusade were not like Francis in their thoughts -and wishes. Frederick, Emperor of Germany and King of Italy, was very -unlike the gentle monk. He had married the daughter of the Queen -of Jerusalem, and called himself King of Jerusalem, although his -father-in-law was still alive. He wished to reign over the Holy Land, -but he liked the ease of his court too well to be in haste to fight. He -had friends, too, amongst the Saracens, so though the Pope bade him set -forth on the Crusade, he always found an excuse for delay. At last he -did sail, but he became ill and landed again in three days. - -The Pope was so angry that he preached against him. He said that the -illness was not real. - -The clergy and the Pope stood round the altar in the great cathedral -at Rome. The bells clanged above. Each man except the Pope carried a -lighted torch. After the Pope had spoken of all the wrong things the -emperor had done he paused. Then in the dim light he prayed that God -would curse Frederick. As he prayed, the clergy lowered the torches -and dashed out their flames against the stone floor to show the -darkness in which they wished that Frederick’s soul might be. - -All this was told to Frederick. He was terribly angry. He had not cared -much about the Crusade before, but now that the Pope had cursed him, he -made up his mind that come what might he would reign in Jerusalem. - -He set sail once more, but while he went slowly with his heavy war -ships towards Acre, a swift ship passed his fleet. It reached the Holy -Land long before he did, and two monks who had sailed in it, and who -had been sent by the Pope, raised the Christians against him. When he -landed, no welcome waited him, though he had come to fight for the -kingdom of Jerusalem against the Saracens. Although the knights would -not serve under him, yet nothing could daunt him. He had learned the -language of the Saracens, so when the Christians would not own him -he planned a treaty with their foes. The sultan promised to give up -Bethlehem, Nazareth, and the whole of the city of Jerusalem except -the part where the mosque of the prophet had stood for ten years. But -though this pleased the sultan and Frederick, it did not please any one -else. The Saracens were angry that the Holy City had been given to the -Crusaders. The Pope and the Christians were angry that the worship of -the prophet should have any place within Jerusalem. The Pope was still -more enraged to think that the man that he had cursed would be king in -Jerusalem. - -For years the Pope had been urging his people to go on pilgrimage to -Jerusalem. Many had hastened to the Holy Land, and thought gladly now -that they could do as they had vowed, but the Pope sent messages from -Rome that no one who cared for his wishes was even to pray at the Holy -Sepulchre. - -Frederick entered Jerusalem. He passed through empty streets, for -priests and men and women fled from him. - -He marched to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre followed by a small band -of his warriors. He entered the empty church. He saw that the images -of the apostles were veiled, and that no priest stood by the altar. -No sound of music or of song rose on the air. Only the armour of the -soldiers clanked on the pavement, and the step of Frederick rang hard -and sharp as he strode to the altar. - -He lifted the crown that lay there and placed it on his head, but -none save the handful of knights who followed him owned him King of -Jerusalem. - -Frederick did not long enjoy even this empty title of king. He went -back to Europe, and ere long Jerusalem was taken by other victors than -either sultan or emperor. - - - - -CHAPTER V - -HOW LOUIS THOUGHT DEATH A LITTLE THING - - -Before the first Crusade, the Turks had poured westward to Palestine. -Now before the last Crusade, another wild and fierce race swept down -from China on Europe. They were called Tartars, and the terror of them -spread to far countries. Villagers in France and Italy pointed to -curious clouds in the sky, and turned pale; they thought them a sign -that the monsters called Tartars were coming. Men and women cowered -away in terror at the sight of a forest fire; they thought the Tartars -had kindled it. - -[Illustration: A wild and fierce race called Tartars] - -Such a tribe swept over the Holy Land: and Moslem and Christian joined -together to fight the terrible foe. But even though they fought side by -side, they could not turn the fierce warriors back. On and on they -came till their horses dashed up the streets of Jerusalem. The city -was empty. Every one had fled. But the victors were cruel men, they -wished to kill their foes as well as to take the city. They flung the -banner of the cross out against the sky, and rang glad peals on the -bells of the Christian churches. In the caves and amongst the rocks -round Jerusalem hundreds of people were hiding. They heard the bells, -and peered out to see what had happened. They saw no foeman’s flag, but -their own banner waving. The news spread from rock to rock and from -cave to cave. Crowds of joyful people hurried back to their city and -to their homes. But the pealing bells and the floating banners drew -them on only to death. The enemy waited till all were either within the -gates or close to them. Then they fell on them and killed them. - -At this time King Louis of France was a young man of twenty-six. His -father had died when he was ten. Since that time, his mother, Queen -Blanche, had guarded his lands and had trained him to be a good and -true man. She was a wise woman, and strong and beautiful. She was kind -too, and she charmed those whom she ruled. - -Louis was a handsome young king, fair and slight. His long hair flowed -over his shoulders. He did not care to wear gay clothes, for he was -prouder of the coarse hair shirt which he wore under his armour than of -all his royal robes. To all who met him, he was gentle and courteous. - -Once he was very ill. His nobles stood round his bed. They thought he -was dead. Suddenly he spoke in a hollow voice. He bade the Bishop of -Paris fasten the cross of the Holy War on his shoulder. - -When he was well again many of his people wished him to stay in France -and rule them, for Louis thought of many things that would help the -people of his land. He made good laws, and he was just and kind. Those -who wished him to stay at home said that he need not keep the promise -he had made to go to fight in Palestine, because he was so ill when he -made it that perhaps he did not know what he said. When this was said -to Louis, the Bishop of Paris chanced to be beside him again. The king -snatched the cross from his shoulder and gave it to the bishop. Then he -said: - -‘Now at least, I am in my senses, and I vow that no food shall enter my -lips till the cross is again on my shoulder.’ - -So they knew that they need not urge him again to stay. - -It was Christmas Eve. The king sat in a dimly lighted hall. The nobles -of the court were called to him that he might fulfil an old French -custom of mantle-giving. It was an honour to be called, and each man -went up gladly to the king and felt a thrill of pleasure as the folds -of the mantle fell from his shoulders. The nobles went from the king’s -presence into the chapel for the Christmas Eve service. As the bright -light fell on the new cloaks, the knights started in surprise. The -Cross of the Holy War had been fastened to each mantle. Each man saw -it on his neighbour. Then he looked at his own robe and saw it there. -Some smiled; some shrank from the vow; but the king’s will was law, and -his nobles made ready to sail. - -In this crusade there were no gay robes nor jewelled bridles. Nor were -there any ragged camp followers. Louis’s army was made up of strong -workmen and nobles. - -The wild warrior tribe that had so cruelly killed the people of -Jerusalem had left the land again and once more the Holy City was in -the hands of the Sultan of Egypt. Louis hoped to surprise him and to -attack him at the mouth of the Nile, but the Egyptian heard that he was -coming and was ready to meet him. He brought a fleet of ships down the -Nile and he lined the shores with armies. - -When the two fleets met, the ships spread over miles of water. Close -to the shore the fleet of Egypt lay. In a half-circle round it the -crusading vessels gleamed in the sunshine, and the banner of the Cross -waved from each topmast. Away out to sea one ship lay alone. From it, -Queen Marguerite, the wife of Louis, watched the battle. - -In the morning, the knights who were to fight on shore led their horses -on planks from the great warships to the barges that lay alongside. -The horses lurched and plunged in the unsteady boats, and the clang -of their armour rang out across the water. All was noise and clamour. -Hundreds of rowers bent to the oars. The barges bounded forward. -Suddenly the sunlight was darkened. Spears and arrows from the Egyptian -army flew so thick around the Crusaders that they could not see the -sky. The rowers flagged. But the voice of Louis rang out to cheer -them, and they bent to the oars with greater strength than ever. As -the boat that bore the king touched the ground, Louis leapt into the -water though it reached to his shoulder, and dashed through it sword in -hand. Nobles and men followed him. The army that lined the shore broke -its ranks and fled. But almost before the Crusaders could form in -line, the horse soldiers of the Moslem army swept down on them from the -desert. - -Louis was so calm that he knelt for a moment on the sand. ‘Thy will be -done!’ he murmured. Then he sprang up and rushed into the fight. As -the day wore on, Queen Marguerite as she watched, saw the oriflamme -of France push slowly up the beach. Ship after ship that had guarded -the river mouth sank. They were pierced by the prows of the French -vessels. Ere night the victory was won. The crusading camp rang with -shouts of joy. - -[Illustration: Louis sprang into the water] - -In the morning a blaze of fire was seen in the south. Damietta, the -town that Louis hoped to take for his own, was in flames. The foe had -burned the city. No riches were left to tempt the army, so the burning -of the city both helped and hindered Louis. Queen Marguerite landed -and formed her court within the charred and ruined walls of Damietta. -The army waited for more ships and men. But while they waited, bands -of Arabs came whirling down on the camp. They came to any part of -it that seemed less guarded, entered the tents, killed those they -found there, and carried off the heads of all they killed. These wild -men took the heads of the Crusaders to the sultan, who gave a golden -coin for each one. Their horses were so swift and light that they -could always escape from the heavy chargers of the knights. While the -troops led by Louis were waiting here, the sultan was busy. The town of -Mansourah stands at the place where the great river Nile breaks into -many channels and forms the delta at its mouth. There the Moslem leader -made ready to fight the French king. He built walls and towers, and -made the town strong against the armies of the Cross. - -At last the Crusaders marched, but when they reached Mansourah they -found a great stream of water between them and the city. They could not -fight the foe until they had crossed the channel. Then Louis bade his -men build a causeway across the stream. But even as they built, the -enemy on the other side dug away the sandy bank, and the stream flowed -on as broad as before. - -A shout was heard ‘A ford, a ford.’ It was not a good ford that had -been found, still it was possible to cross by it, and the eager armies -hastened to it. Robert, the king’s brother, begged to be allowed to -cross first with his men. He said he would wait on the other bank and -guard the ford till the rest of the army had crossed over. A band of -Moslems tried to keep him from landing. He drove them back. They fled -across the sand. - -Then Robert forgot his promise to stay by the ford. The masters of the -knights of Jerusalem who rode with him begged him to think. They knew -that it was a great mistake to break away from the other warriors. -But Robert was too eager to listen. He said bitter things to them and -seemed to think that they wished to keep all the power in their own -hands. They were very angry at this, and the master of the Templars, to -show that he was neither a coward nor wilful, shouted out: - -‘Raise then the standard.’ - -But William Longsword of England still tried to keep Robert from his -folly. - -‘What cowards these English are!’ said Robert. - -But Longsword was no coward. Robert had his way. He swept on with his -followers, and chased the Moslems into their fortress of Mansourah. But -it was only one part of the Moslem army that he defeated. Bibars, a -Saracen leader, saw what had happened. He gathered his forces, and ere -Robert knew what was going on, his foes were at Mansourah, shutting it -in on every side, and he and his men were prisoners in the town they -had won. They fought all day long. Very few of them lived to see the -next morning’s sun. William Longsword, whom Robert had called a coward, -fought so bravely that even his foes noted where he fell, and after -the fight was over gave back his body to his friends. - -But long ere nightfall, Louis had crossed the ford with the other part -of the crusading army. Instead of comrades waiting to guard their -landing, they found only the track of fighting, and foes on every side. -They broke into bands. Instead of one great attack a hundred battles -were fought. The orders Louis gave could not be heard, for his voice -was drowned in the noise and clamour of armour and of hoofs. No one -knew what to do next. It seemed that all must be lost. - -Then Louis dashed forward with a small bodyguard. His haste was so -great that he left his guard behind him, and found himself alone in the -midst of six Moslem warriors. They knew he was the king by his armour. -It seemed as if he must yield. But Louis was a great fighter, and he -did not know what fear was. He held the six at bay until his guards -joined him; then with them he led his army on in one wild charge, and -won the day. But though they were victors they had suffered so greatly -that it would have been wise if they had gone back to Damietta. This -they would not do. They camped by the battle-field, and there very -many of them grew ill and died. There was little food, and the air was -evil-smelling and deadly. Louis went in and out amongst his men. As -a nurse to them he was as tender and patient as he had been bold and -fearless in war. At length he too fell ill. - -He knew that something must be done to make peace with the sultan, for -no help could come to Jerusalem from a host of Christian soldiers who -were dying on the sands of Egypt. So he sent a message to say he would -leave Egypt if the Moslems would give Jerusalem back to the Christians. -The sultan said: - -‘Yes, if the king himself will be my prisoner until the last Crusader -has left Egypt.’ - -Louis wished to agree to this, but his nobles would not hear of it. -Since there could not be peace between the armies, there was no escape -for the Crusaders but by flight. Even that seemed hopeless. Still it -was all that could be done. Only a few of the boats which had followed -them up the Nile were left. On these they placed the sick men and all -the women and children. Then by night they set them afloat down the -stream towards Damietta. The nobles begged Louis to go on board one of -these vessels. - -‘Nay, I march with the last man of mine who lives,’ said Louis. As the -army left the camp, it was attacked. Louis turned and fought wildly for -his men. - -‘Wait for the king! Wait for the king!’ rang from the banks. The -vessels were stayed, but Louis signed to them to go on. At length Louis -and his men left the camp. The king was on horseback, but without -helmet or cuirass. But all their efforts were in vain. Both ships and -soldiers fell into the hands of the enemy. The king was weak and ill, -but still free. His knights saw that he could go no further. They -sought to hide him in a house in an Egyptian town, where a humble -woman from France tended him gladly. But in spite of the knights who -guarded the door, the Moslems burst into the house and loaded King -Louis with chains. They carried him to Mansourah in a vessel gaily -decked in honour of the great prisoner they had taken. As he sailed -southwards up the stream, he saw his men driven along the banks in -chains. - -Louis in prison was as great a man as Louis in battle. He wore a coarse -robe, because he would not deign to wear the gay clothing the sultan -sent to him, nor would he feast with the Moslems, though they wished -him to join them. - -Each day he saw some of his followers led out from prison. They were -asked if they would cease to be Christians and accept the faith of the -prophet. They refused. No sooner had they done so than they fell dead -before the eyes of their captive king. It was a terrible thing for him -to sit thus day after day and watch the men who had fought by his -side, and whom he loved, slain in this barbarous way. - -When the sultan thought he had tried the king so long and so greatly -that he would be glad to agree to any terms, he offered him freedom if -he would give to him Damietta and the cities of Palestine. Louis had -won Damietta in battle, but he had no right to the cities of the Holy -Land. - -‘The cities do not belong to me but to God,’ he said. - -Then the sultan threatened to torture Louis to make him yield. - -‘I am the sultan’s prisoner,’ said the king; ‘he can do with me as he -will.’ - -He was so calm and firm that a Moslem who stood by said: ‘You treat us, -sire, as if you had us in prison instead of our holding you.’ - -But though the sultan spoke of torturing King Louis, he did not do it -except by making him watch the men of his army as they died before him. -When he found that the king would not yield he gave in himself, and -agreed to accept Damietta in return for the king, and a large sum of -money for those of the army who still lived. - -But the knights would not let Louis wait to see the men set free. A -vessel lay waiting at the mouth of the Nile. As soon as he and his -queen were on board, it sped out to sea, and ere long King Louis was -once more in France. - -He was a great ruler as well as a great fighter, and he thought of the -needs and duties of those whose king he was, as none in that land had -ever done before. While he made France strong and its people happy, -Bibars, who had so cleverly trapped Robert at Mansourah, became sultan, -and laid waste the Holy Land. The news of this reached the northern -lands from which the crusading armies had gone forth in former days, -and once more the great longing to save Jerusalem took hold of Louis. -His nobles sat in council. He came to them bearing a crown of thorns in -his hands. Again he fastened the cross of war on his shoulder. He had -heard that a great king in Africa was willing to become a Christian, -and as he thought of this he dreamed bright dreams. He thought that he -might bring this desert king and his dark followers to join his faith -and his army, and that with them to aid him, he might even yet conquer -the Moslem armies and win Jerusalem and Palestine. - -His fleet sailed for the African coast. The army landed and marched -into the desert. The hot sand blew about them and choked them. They -found no friendly welcome, but only messages of blood and war from the -king whom Louis had hoped would join him in battle against the Moslems. -Illness and death swept through the army. One of the first to die was a -son of King Louis. Soon the king himself lay dying in his tent in the -hot desert camp. - -‘Jerusalem, Jerusalem,’ he cried, ‘we will go to Jerusalem!’ His couch -was very comfortless, but it was not so humble as Louis wished it to -be. He bade them spread ashes on the ground and lay him there. When -they had done this, they saw his lips move. They bent to listen, and -heard these words: - -‘Father, into Thy hands I commend my spirit.’ - -Then he fell asleep. The sleep grew deeper and deeper, and soon the men -who watched him there knew that he would never wake on earth again. - -In the dim light of the tent, on a bed of ashes, lay all that was -left of good King Louis. His beautiful face still kept the grandeur -men had loved to see all his life long. He lay there in the sad, -plague-stricken camp, and around him there seemed to linger the light -of heaven. - -Louis was the last of the heroes of the Crusades, but for years after -his death the Christian forces held cities in the Holy Land. At last -they were driven from all their strongholds, and the Moslem rule was -unbroken. - -To-day there is no kingdom of Jerusalem. There are ruins of churches -and of castles, and the broken walls show how great was once the power -of the armies of the Cross. - -But though the dream of the Crusaders never came true, and though -all their efforts left little mark on the life of the East, yet the -lands from which the knights went out have been changed, and all their -history has been different, because of those wars to which their armies -went. - -Over the door of an old house in a close in Edinburgh a scallop-shell, -like the shells that were brought by pilgrims from the Holy Land, was -cut in stone. In that house those who had made the long journey to the -East, and had come back weary or ill, were welcomed and cared for. The -shell above the door stood for hundreds of years to tell of the olden -days. It is so in the history of Europe. Those who know it best can see -the mark of the Crusades cut into the life of the nations whose knights -led the armies of the Holy War, as clearly as the scallop-shell was cut -into the old wall in Edinburgh. - - -Edinburgh: Printed by T. and A. CONSTABLE - - - - -_A NEW SERIES FOR CHILDREN_ - -_Large Type, Pure Rag Paper_ - -THE CHILDREN’S HEROES - -EDITED BY JOHN LANG - - ‘A collection admirably adapted to the entertainment as well as - instruction of young people.’--_The Spectator._ - -_In dainty volumes, bound in Cloth Gilt, with Picture Design and Silk -Marker._ - -_Also in Ornamental Boards._ - -Each Volume has 8 Coloured Pictures by well-known Artists. - -The aim of this series is to tell, in simple and vivacious style, the -story of those whose lives have been distinguished by great deeds. The -child will in this way learn what has been done in the world by leaders -of men. The volumes are also to be had in neat cloth gilt boxes, each -containing three volumes--Three Great Sailors, Three Great Soldiers, -Three Great Missionaries, Three Great Explorers, Three Great Patriots. - -LIST OF VOLUMES - - =1. THE STORY OF DAVID LIVINGSTONE.= By VAUTIER GOLDING; - pictures by L. D. LUARD. - - =2. THE STORY OF CAPTAIN COOK.= By JOHN LANG; pictures by - W. B. ROBINSON. - - =3. THE STORY OF NELSON.= By EDMOND FRANCIS SELLAR; pictures - by MONRO S. ORR. - - =4. THE STORY OF CHALMERS OF NEW GUINEA.= By JANET HARVEY - KELMAN; pictures by W. B. ROBINSON. - - =5. THE STORY OF SIR WALTER RALEIGH.= By M. D. KELLY; B.A.; - pictures by T. H. ROBINSON. - - =6. THE STORY OF SIR FRANCIS DRAKE.= By L. M. ELTON; pictures - by T. H. ROBINSON. - - =7. THE STORY OF GENERAL GORDON.= By JEANIE LANG; pictures by - W. B. ROBINSON. - - =8. THE STORY OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN.= By MARY A. HAMILTON; - pictures by S. T. DADD. - - =9. THE STORY OF LORD CLIVE.= By JOHN LANG; pictures by - STEWART ORR. - - =10. THE STORY OF CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS.= By G. M. IMLACH; - pictures by STEWART ORR. - - =11. THE STORY OF STANLEY.= By VAUTIER GOLDING; pictures by - L. D. LUARD. - - =12. THE STORY OF BISHOP PATTESON.= By ELMA PAGET; pictures - by S. T. DADD. - - =13. THE STORY OF ROBERT THE BRUCE.= By JEANIE LANG; pictures - by F. M. B. BLAIKIE. - - =14. THE STORY OF LORD ROBERTS.= By EDMUND FRANCIS SELLAR; - pictures by SIDNEY PAGET, and others. - - =15. THE STORY OF JOAN OF ARC.= By ANDREW LANG; pictures by - J. JELLICOE. - -LONDON: T. C. & E. C. JACK, 16 HENRIETTA STREET, W.C. AND -EDINBURGH - - - - -‘TOLD TO THE CHILDREN’ SERIES - -EDITED BY LOUEY CHISHOLM, Author of ‘In Fairyland.’ - - =1. STORIES OF ROBIN HOOD.= Told by H. E. MARSHALL; pictures - by A. S. FORREST. - - =2. STORIES OF KING ARTHUR’S KNIGHTS.= Told by MARY - MACGREGOR; pictures by KATHARINE CAMERON. - - =3. STORIES FROM CHAUCER.= Told by JANET HARVEY KELMAN; - pictures by W. HEATH ROBINSON. - - =4. STORIES FROM THE FAERIE QUEEN.= Told by JEANIE LANG; - pictures by ROSE LE QUESNE. - - =5. UNCLE TOM’S CABIN.= Abridged by H. E. MARSHALL; pictures - by A. S. FORREST. - - =6. THE PILGRIM’S PROGRESS.= Abridged by MARY MACGREGOR; - pictures by BYAM SHAW. - - =7. ROBINSON CRUSOE.= Abridged by JOHN LANG; pictures by - W. B. ROBINSON. - - =8. OLD TESTAMENT STORIES.= Selected by EDWIN CHISHOLM; - pictures by R. T. ROSE. - - =9. THE HEROES.= Abridged by MARY MACGREGOR; pictures by - ROSE LE QUESNE. - - =10. THE WATER BABIES.= Abridged by AMY STEEDMAN; pictures by - KATHARINE CAMERON. - - =11. STORIES FROM THE LIFE OF CHRIST.= Selected by JANET HARVEY - KELMAN; pictures by F. D. BEDFORD. - - =12. STORIES FROM SHAKESPEARE.= Told by JEANIE LANG; pictures - by N. PRICE, and others. - - =13. NURSERY RHYMES.= Selected by LOUEY CHISHOLM, with - Forty Illustrations in colour by S. R. PRAEGAR and JACK - ORR. - - =14. LITTLE PLAYS.= By LENA DALKEITH, adapted from Hans - Andersen’s ‘Fairy Tales,’ ‘Robin Hood,’ ‘Sir Garth of Orkney,’ and - other familiar sources; illustrated with eight coloured photographs of - little actors in costume. - - =15. GULLIVER’S TRAVELS.= Told by JOHN LANG; pictures by - F. M. B. BLAIKIE. - - =16. THE ROSE AND THE RING.= Abridged by AMY STEEDMAN; - pictures by W. M. THACKERAY. - - =17. TANGLEWOOD TALES.= Abridged by C. E. SMITH; pictures by - OLIVE ALLEN. - - =18. FAIRY TALES FROM HANS ANDERSEN.= Told by MARY MACGREGOR; - pictures by OLIVE ALLEN. - - =19. FAIRY TALES FROM GRIMM.= Told by AMY STEEDMAN; pictures - by HARRY ROWNTREE. - - =20. ÆSOP’S FABLES.= Told by LENA DALKEITH; 47 pictures by - S. R. PRAEGER. - - =21. STORIES FROM DON QUIXOTE.= Told by JOHN LANG; pictures - by F. M. B. BLAIKIE. - - =22. STORIES FROM THE ILIAD.= Told by JEANIE LANG; pictures - by W. HEATH ROBINSON. - - =23. STORIES OF WILLIAM TELL.= Told by H. E. MARSHALL; - pictures by F. L. GLOAG. - - =24. NURSERY TALES.= Told by AMY STEEDMAN; pictures by - PAUL WOODROFFE. - - =25. STORIES FROM THE ODYSSEY.= Told by JEANIE LANG; pictures - by W. HEATH ROBINSON. - - =26. STORIES FROM THE ARABIAN NIGHTS.= Told by AMY STEEDMAN; - pictures by F. M. B. BLAIKIE. - - =27. STORIES OF GUY OF WARWICK.= Told by H. E. MARSHALL; - pictures by L. D. LUARD. - -The following sets of three volumes in cloth case, gilt design--=Fairy -Tales=(Grimm, Andersen, and Nursery Tales); =Stories from English -Literature= (Chaucer, Spenser, Shakespeare). - -LONDON: T. C. & E. C. JACK, 16 HENRIETTA STREET, W.C. -AND EDINBURGH - - - - -TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES: - -Hyphenation and spelling have been left as originally typeset. - -Illustrations have been moved up or down from their original position, -to avoid interrupting paragraphs. - -The page reference on the Frontispiece pointed to page 76; the actual -text occurs on page 75. 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