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} - .footnote {font-size: .9em; } - div.footnote p {text-indent: 2em; margin-bottom: .5em; } - .chapter { clear: both; page-break-before: always; } - .ol_1 li {font-size: .9em; } - .x-ebookmaker .ol_1 li {padding-left: 1em; text-indent: 0em; } - body {font-family: Georgia, serif; text-align: justify; } - table {font-size: .9em; padding: 1.5em .5em 1em; page-break-inside: avoid; - clear: both; } - div.titlepage {text-align: center; page-break-before: always; - page-break-after: always; } - div.titlepage p {text-align: center; text-indent: 0em; font-weight: bold; - line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 3em; } - .ph1 { text-indent: 0em; font-weight: bold; font-size: xx-large; - margin: .67em auto; } - .ph2 { text-indent: 0em; font-weight: bold; font-size: x-large; margin: .75em auto; - page-break-before: always; } - .double {border-style: double;border-width: 16px; } - .border {border-style: solid;border-width: 1px; } - .x-ebookmaker p.dropcap:first-letter { float: left; } - /* ]]> */ </style> - </head> - <body> -<p style='text-align:center; font-size:1.2em; font-weight:bold'>The Project Gutenberg eBook of Good hunting;, by Theodore Roosevelt</p> -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online -at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you -are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the -country where you are located before using this eBook. -</div> - -<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: Good hunting;</p> -<p style='display:block; margin-left:2em; text-indent:0; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:1em;'>in pursuit of big game in the West</p> -<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: Theodore Roosevelt</p> -<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: March 15, 2022 [eBook #67632]</p> -<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</p> - <p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; text-align:left'>Produced by: Richard Tonsing and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive)</p> -<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK GOOD HUNTING; ***</div> - -<div class='tnotes covernote'> - -<p class='c000'><strong>Transcriber’s Note:</strong></p> - -<p class='c000'>The cover image was created by the transcriber and is placed in the public domain.</p> - -</div> - -<div class='chapter ph1'> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c001'> - <div>Good Hunting</div> - </div> -</div> - -</div> - -<div class='figright id001'> -<img src='images/i_half_title.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<div id='Frontispiece' class='figcenter id002'> -<img src='images/i_frontispiece.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic002'> -<p>A WOUNDED BULL ELK</p> -</div> -</div> - -<div class='figcenter id002'> -<img src='images/i_title.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> -<div class='titlepage double'> - -<div> - <h1 class='c002'>GOOD HUNTING<br /> <span class='xlarge'>In Pursuit of Big Game in the West</span></h1> -</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c003'> - <div>BY</div> - <div><span class='large'>THEODORE ROOSEVELT</span></div> - <div class='c004'>Illustrated</div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='lg-container-b c005'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>“Good hunting all</div> - <div class='line'>That keep the Jungle law.”</div> - <div class='line in10'><span class='sc'>Rudyard Kipling.</span></div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='figcenter id003'> -<img src='images/i_title_a.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> - <div class='nf-center'> - <div>New York and London</div> - <div>Harper & Brothers Publishers</div> - <div>1907</div> - </div> -</div> - -</div> -<div class='pbb'> - <hr class='pb c004' /> -</div> - -<div class='border section'> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c001'> - <div><span class='small'>Copyright, 1896, 1897, 1907, by <span class='sc'>Harper & Brothers</span>.</span></div> - <div class='c003'><span class='small'><i>All rights reserved.</i></span></div> - <div><span class='small'>Published February, 1907.</span></div> - </div> -</div> - -</div> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_v'>v</span> - <h2 class='c006'>Publisher’s Note</h2> -</div> - -<div class='figright id001'> -<img src='images/i_v.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c007'>This book offers to younger readers a -series of pictures of out-door life and big-game -hunting in the West. More than -this, the author makes us feel not only -the zest of sport and adventure, but also -the interest attaching to the habits and -peculiarities of the remarkable animals -which he describes. It is a field-book, -since it is written by a true sportsman out -of his own experiences, and its general -spirit tends to a better appreciation of the -value of close observation of animal life. -The elk, bear, goats, deer, and other -animals which are described, represent -the most remarkable large fauna of our -country. These descriptions, by one -<span class='pageno' id='Page_vi'>vi</span>whose acquaintance with them has been -so intimate, have an added value in view -of the diminution in their number.</p> - -<div class='figleft id001'> -<img src='images/i_vi.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>It is interesting, also, to remember that -the influence of the author has been constantly -exerted in favor of the preservation -of big game and the maintenance of -national parks and forest reserves, which, -in addition to other advantages, include -the protection of these noble forms of -animal life.</p> - -<p class='c008'>This series of articles upon big-game -hunting was written for <cite>Harper’s Round -Table</cite>, and published therein in 1897. -The picture of ranch life which forms the -closing chapter appeared in <cite>Harper’s -Round Table</cite> in 1896. These articles are -now presented together in book form for -the first time after consultation with the -author. For the title of the book and -the proof-reading the publishers are responsible.</p> - -<div class='figright id001'> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_vii'>vii</span> -<img src='images/i_vii.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<div class='chapter'> - <h2 class='c006'>Contents</h2> -</div> - -<table class='table0'> -<colgroup> -<col class='colwidth12' /> -<col class='colwidth77' /> -<col class='colwidth10' /> -</colgroup> - <tr> - <td class='c009'><span class='small'>CHAP.</span></td> - <td class='c010'> </td> - <td class='c011'><span class='small'>PAGE</span></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'>I.</td> - <td class='c010'><span class='sc'>The Wapiti, or Round-horned Elk</span></td> - <td class='c011'><a href='#Page_13'>13</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'> </td> - <td class='c010'> </td> - <td class='c011'> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'>II.</td> - <td class='c010'><span class='sc'>A Cattle-killing Bear</span></td> - <td class='c011'><a href='#Page_27'>27</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'> </td> - <td class='c010'> </td> - <td class='c011'> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'>III.</td> - <td class='c010'><span class='sc'>A Christmas Buck</span></td> - <td class='c011'><a href='#Page_41'>41</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'> </td> - <td class='c010'> </td> - <td class='c011'> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'>IV.</td> - <td class='c010'><span class='sc'>The Timber-wolf</span></td> - <td class='c011'><a href='#Page_53'>53</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'> </td> - <td class='c010'> </td> - <td class='c011'> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'>V.</td> - <td class='c010'><span class='sc'>Shooting the Prong-buck</span></td> - <td class='c011'><a href='#Page_67'>67</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'> </td> - <td class='c010'> </td> - <td class='c011'> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'>VI.</td> - <td class='c010'><span class='sc'>A Tame White Goat</span></td> - <td class='c011'><a href='#Page_81'>81</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'> </td> - <td class='c010'> </td> - <td class='c011'> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c009'>VII.</td> - <td class='c010'><span class='sc'>Ranching</span></td> - <td class='c011'><a href='#Page_95'>95</a></td> - </tr> -</table> - -<div class='figright id001'> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_ix'>ix</span> -<img src='images/i_x.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<div class='chapter'> - <h2 class='c006'>Illustrations</h2> -</div> - -<table class='table0'> -<colgroup> -<col class='colwidth81' /> -<col class='colwidth14' /> -<col class='colwidth4' /> -</colgroup> - <tr> - <td class='c010'>A WOUNDED BULL ELK</td> - <td class='c012' colspan='2'><i><a href='#Frontispiece'>Frontispiece</a></i></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c010'> </td> - <td class='c013'> </td> - <td class='c014'> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c010'>SIX-POINT ELK-ANTLERS</td> - <td class='c013'><i>Facing p.</i></td> - <td class='c014'><a href='#fp_018'>18</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c010'> </td> - <td class='c013'> </td> - <td class='c014'> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c010'>FOLLOWING AN ELK-TRAIL IN WINTER</td> - <td class='c013'>„</td> - <td class='c014'><a href='#fp_020'>20</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c010'> </td> - <td class='c013'> </td> - <td class='c014'> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c010'>GREAT WAS THE BULL’S ASTONISHMENT</td> - <td class='c013'>„</td> - <td class='c014'><a href='#fp_022'>22</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c010'> </td> - <td class='c013'> </td> - <td class='c014'> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c010'>THE GRIZZLY AND A VICTIM</td> - <td class='c013'>„</td> - <td class='c014'><a href='#fp_032'>32</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c010'> </td> - <td class='c013'> </td> - <td class='c014'> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c010'>“THE SHAGGY BEAST WAS FOUND LYING DEAD WITHIN A DOZEN YARDS OF HIS LAST VICTIM”</td> - <td class='c013'>„</td> - <td class='c014'><a href='#fp_036'>36</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c010'> </td> - <td class='c013'> </td> - <td class='c014'> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c010'>“‘I DROPPED ON ONE KNEE AND FIRED’”</td> - <td class='c013'>„</td> - <td class='c014'><a href='#fp_046'>46</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c010'> </td> - <td class='c013'> </td> - <td class='c014'> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c010'>CANADIAN WOLVES AT AN INDIAN GRAVE</td> - <td class='c013'>„</td> - <td class='c014'><a href='#fp_054'>54</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c010'> </td> - <td class='c013'> </td> - <td class='c014'> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c010'>DOGS IN PURSUIT OF AN OLD WOLF</td> - <td class='c013'>„</td> - <td class='c014'><a href='#fp_060'>60</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c010'> </td> - <td class='c013'> </td> - <td class='c014'> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c010'>STALKING BIG GAME</td> - <td class='c013'>„</td> - <td class='c014'><a href='#fp_068'>68</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c010'> </td> - <td class='c013'> </td> - <td class='c014'> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c010'>“‘I LEAPED OFF, AND HELD WELL AHEAD OF THE REARMOST AND LARGEST BUCK’”</td> - <td class='c013'>„</td> - <td class='c014'><a href='#fp_074'>74</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c010'> </td> - <td class='c013'> </td> - <td class='c014'> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c010'>A WOUNDED ANTELOPE</td> - <td class='c013'>„</td> - <td class='c014'><a href='#fp_076'>76</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c010'> </td> - <td class='c013'> </td> - <td class='c014'> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c010'>FINALLY THE GOAT GOT USED TO THE MOTION OF THE CANOE</td> - <td class='c013'>„</td> - <td class='c014'><a href='#fp_090'>90</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c010'> </td> - <td class='c013'> </td> - <td class='c014'> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c010'>COW-BOY AMUSEMENTS</td> - <td class='c013'>„</td> - <td class='c014'><a href='#fp_096'>96</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c010'> </td> - <td class='c013'> </td> - <td class='c014'> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c010'>TAILING A BULL</td> - <td class='c013'>„</td> - <td class='c014'><a href='#fp_100'>100</a></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c010'> </td> - <td class='c013'> </td> - <td class='c014'> </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td class='c010'>“THERE IS A GREAT DEAL OF EXCITING GALLOPING”</td> - <td class='c013'>„</td> - <td class='c014'><a href='#fp_102'>102</a></td> - </tr> -</table> - -<div class='chapter ph2'> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c001'> - <div>The Wapiti,</div> - <div>or Round-horned Elk</div> - </div> -</div> - -</div> - -<div class='figright id001'> -<img src='images/i_011.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_13'>13</span> - <h2 class='c006'>I<br /> <span class='large'>THE WAPITI, OR ROUND-HORNED ELK</span></h2> -</div> - -<div class='figright id001'> -<img src='images/i_013.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<div class='c007'> - <img class='drop-capi' src='images/di_013.jpg' width='100' alt='' /> -</div><p class='drop-capi_8'> -No country of the temperate -zone can begin to compare -with South Asia, and, above -all, tropical and subtropical -Africa, in the number and -size of those great beasts of the chase -which are known to hunters as big -game; but after the Indian and African -hunting-grounds, the best are still -those of North America. Until a few -years before 1897 there were large regions, -even in the United States, where -the teeming myriads of wild game, -though of far fewer and less varied -<span class='pageno' id='Page_14'>14</span>species, almost equalled the multitudes -found in South Africa, and much surpassed -those found anywhere else in -point of numbers, though inferior in -variety to those of India.</p> - -<div class='figleft id001'> -<img src='images/i_014.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>This, however, is now a thing of the -past. The bison, which was the most -characteristic animal of the American -fauna, has been practically exterminated. -There remained in 1897, however, a fair -abundance of all other kinds of game. -Perhaps, on the whole, the one affording -most sport from the stand-point of the -hardy and skilful hunter is the big-horn, -though in size and in magnificence of -horn it is surpassed by some of the wild -sheep of Asia.</p> - -<p class='c008'>There is a spice of danger in the pursuit -of the grizzly-bear—the largest of all the -land bears—especially in Alaska, where -it is even larger than its Kamtchatkan -brother. The moose and the wapiti—ordinarily -<span class='pageno' id='Page_15'>15</span>called the elk—are closely related -to the Old-World representatives of -their kind; but the moose is a little larger -and the wapiti very much larger than -any of their European or Asiatic kinsfolk. -In particular, the elk, or wapiti, -is the stateliest of all deer, and the most -beautiful of American game beasts.</p> - -<div class='figright id001'> -<img src='images/i_015.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>It is a pity we cannot always call the -wapiti by its right name, but the hunters -and settlers never know him as anything -but the elk, and I fear it would be -pedantry to try to establish his rightful -title. In former days the elk ranged to -tide-water on the Atlantic coast. A few -lingered in Pennsylvania until 1869, and -throughout the middle of the century -they were abundant on the great plains. -In 1888 I shot one on the Little Missouri, -however. In many parts of the Rocky -Mountains and of the Coast Range the -species is still as abundant as ever, and -<span class='pageno' id='Page_16'>16</span>this is especially true of northwestern -Wyoming, since that great animal-preserve -the Yellowstone Park swarms with -elk, and is their natural nursery and -breeding-ground.</p> - -<div class='figleft id001'> -<img src='images/i_016.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>The elk is the lordliest of his kind -throughout the world. The Scotch stag -is a pygmy but a fourth his size. The -stags of eastern Europe are larger than -those of Scotland, and in Asia larger still, -approaching in size a small wapiti. They -are all substantially alike except in size.</p> - -<p class='c008'>The wapiti is rather easier to kill than -the deer, because his size makes it easier -to see him; and he is slower in his movements, -so that he is easier to hit. When -pressed he can gallop very hard for a few -hundred yards, but soon becomes tired. -The trot is his natural gait, and this he -can keep up for hours at a time, going at -a pace which makes it necessary for a -horse to gallop smartly to overtake him, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_17'>17</span>and clearing great logs in his stride, while -he dodges among the thick timber in a -really marvellous way, when one comes -to think of the difficulty he must have -in handling his great antlers.</p> - -<div class='figright id001'> -<img src='images/i_017.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>Late in September the rut begins, and -then the elk gather in huge bands, while -the great bulls fight vicious battles for -leadership. Hunters call this the whistling-time, -because throughout its continuance -the bulls are very noisy, continually -challenging one another. Their -note is really not much like a whistle. -It consists of two or three bars, rising and -then falling, ending with a succession of -grunts; the tone of voice varies greatly -in different individuals; but when heard -at a little distance in the heart of the -great wooded wilderness the sound is very -musical, and to me—and, I suppose, to -most hunters—it is one of the most attractive -sounds in all nature.</p> - -<div class='figleft id001'> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_18'>18</span> -<img src='images/i_018.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>At this season the big bulls are quite -easy to approach by any man at all -skilled in still-hunting, for their incessant -challenging betrays their whereabouts, -and they are so angry and excited as to be -less watchful than usual. Some of my -most pleasurable memories of hunting -are connected with stalking some great -bull elk in frosty weather, when the woods -rang with his challenges.</p> - -<p class='c008'>One evening in early October I was -camped high among the mountains of -western Montana. We were travelling -with a pack-train, and had pitched our -small tent among some firs by a brook, -while the horses grazed in the little park -or meadow close by. Elk were plentiful -round about. We had seen their trails -everywhere, and late in the afternoon -we had caught a glimpse of a band of -cows as they disappeared among the -pines.</p> -<div id='fp_018' class='figcenter id002'> -<img src='images/fp_018.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic002'> -<p>SIX-POINT ELK-ANTLERS</p> -</div> -</div> - -<div class='figright id001'> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_19'>19</span> -<img src='images/i_019.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>Towards morning I was awakened by -hearing a bull challenge not very far -from camp. The sound of the challenge -kept coming nearer and nearer, and -finally I heard one of the horses snort -loudly in response; evidently the elk saw -them, and, not making out exactly what -they were, was coming down to join them. -Sometimes horses will stampede when -thus approached; but our ponies were -veterans, and were very tired, and evidently -had no intention of leaving their -good pasture.</p> - -<p class='c008'>Sitting up in my blankets, I could tell -from the sound that they were still in the -park, and then the challenge of the bull -came pealing up not three hundred yards -from the tent. This was more than I -could stand, and I jumped up and put on -my shoes and jacket. The moon was -bright, but shooting by moonlight is very -deceptive, and I doubt whether I would -<span class='pageno' id='Page_20'>20</span>have hit him even had I got down to the -park in time. However, he had moved -on before I got down, and I heard his challenge -in the woods beyond.</p> - -<div class='figleft id001'> -<img src='images/i_020.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>Looking at my watch, I saw that it was -nearly dawn. I returned to the tent and -laid down as I was under the blankets, and -shivered and dozed for half an hour, then -I came back to the meadow, where the -pack-ponies stood motionless. In the -brightening light the moon paled, and -I was very soon able to pick out the bull’s -trail on the frost-covered ground, where -it was almost as plain as if he had been -walking in snow. I saw that he had -struck up a long valley, from which a -pass led into a wooded basin. At the -top of the pass I lost the trail entirely, -and as it was almost impossible to see for -any distance through the woods, I came -to the conclusion that the best thing to do -was to sit down and await events.</p> -<div id='fp_020' class='figcenter id004'> -<img src='images/fp_020.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic002'> -<p>FOLLOWING AN ELK-TRAIL IN WINTER</p> -</div> -</div> - -<div class='figright id001'> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_21'>21</span> -<img src='images/i_021.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>I did not have long to wait. In a -couple of minutes the bugle of a bull came -echoing across the basin through the -frosty morning. Evidently my friend -was still travelling, hunting for some -possibly weaker rival. Almost immediately -I heard far off another answering -the challenge, and I stood up and meditated -what to do. There was very little -air, but such as there was blew to one -side of the spot from which the last challenge -seemed to come, and I immediately -struck off at a trot through the woods to -get below the wind.</p> - -<p class='c008'>The answer to the challenge had evidently -greatly excited the bull whose -trail I had been following; he called every -two or three minutes. The other answer -was somewhat more irregular, and as I -drew nearer I could tell from the volume -of sound that the second challenge was -from some big master-bull, who probably -<span class='pageno' id='Page_22'>22</span>had his herd around him, and was roaring -defiance at his would-be despoiler, for -the single bull was doubtless on the lookout -for some weaker one whom he could -supplant as master of a herd.</p> - -<div class='figleft id001'> -<img src='images/i_022.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>It was likely that the second bull, being -a herd-master, would have the larger -antlers, and I therefore preferred to get -a shot at him. However, I was doomed -to disappointment. As I groped towards -the herd, and was within a couple of hundred -yards, as I knew by the volume of -sound, I almost stumbled upon a small -spike-bull, who was evidently loitering -about the outskirts of the herd, not daring -to go too near the bad-tempered old -chief. This little bull dashed away, giving -the alarm, and a clash in the bushes soon -told that the herd was following him.</p> -<div id='fp_022' class='figcenter id002'> -<img src='images/fp_022.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic002'> -<p>GREAT WAS THE BULL’S ASTONISHMENT</p> -</div> -</div> - -<p class='c008'><span class='pageno' id='Page_23'>23</span>But luck favored me. The master-bull, -being absorbed in thoughts of his -rival, evidently suspected that the cows -had some thought of fleeing from him, -and, as they ran, tried to hold them together. -I ran too, going at full speed, -with the hope of cutting him off; in this -I failed, but I came almost face to face -with the very bull which I had been -following from camp, and which had -evidently followed the herd at full speed -as soon as they ran.</p> - -<div class='figright id001'> -<img src='images/i_023.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>Great was his astonishment when he -saw me. He pulled up so suddenly to -wheel round that he almost fell on his -side; then off he went in a plunging gallop -of terror; but he was near by, and stepping -to one side I covered an opening between -two trees, firing the minute he -appeared. A convulsive leap showed that -the bullet had struck, and after him I -went at full speed. In a short time I saw -him again, walking along with drooping -head, and again I fired into his flank; he -seemed to pay no attention to the shot, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_24'>24</span>but walked forward a few steps, then -halted, faltered, and fell on his side. In -another second I had placed my rifle -against a tree, and was admiring his -shapely form and massive antlers.</p> - -<div class='figleft id001'> -<img src='images/i_024.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_25'>25</span></div> -<div class='chapter ph2'> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c001'> - <div>A Cattle-killing Bear</div> - </div> -</div> - -</div> -<div class='figright id001'> -<img src='images/i_025.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_27'>27</span> - <h2 class='c006'>II<br /> <span class='large'>A CATTLE-KILLING BEAR</span></h2> -</div> - -<div class='figright id001'> -<img src='images/i_027.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<div class='c007'> - <img class='drop-capi' src='images/di_027.jpg' width='100' alt='' /> -</div><p class='drop-capi_8'> -There were, in 1897, a few -grizzlies left here and there -along the Little Missouri, -usually in large bottoms -covered with an almost -impenetrable jungle of timber and thorny -brush. In the old days they used to be -very plentiful in this region, and ventured -boldly out on the prairie. The -Little Missouri region was a famous hunting-ground -for both the white trappers -and the Indian hunters in those old days -when the far West was still a wilderness, -and the men who trapped beaver would -<span class='pageno' id='Page_28'>28</span>wander for years over the plains and -mountains and see no white faces save -those of their companions.</p> - -<div class='figleft id001'> -<img src='images/i_028.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>Indeed, at that time the Little Missouri -was very dangerous country, as it was the -debatable-ground between many powerful -Indian tribes, and was only visited -by formidable war-parties and hunting-parties. -In consequence of nobody daring -to live there, game swarmed—buffalo, -elk, deer, antelope, mountain-sheep, and -bear. The bears were then very bold, -and the hunters had little difficulty in -getting up to them, for they were quite -as apt to attack as to run away.</p> - -<div class='figright id001'> -<img src='images/i_029.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>But when, in 1880, the Northern Pacific -Railroad reached the neighborhood of the -Little Missouri, all this changed forever. -The game that for untold ages had trodden -out their paths over the prairies and -along the river-bottoms vanished, as the -Indians that had hunted it also vanished. -<span class='pageno' id='Page_29'>29</span>The bold white hunters also passed away -with the bears they had chased and the -red foes against whom they had warred. -In their places the ranchman came in with -great herds of cattle and horses and -flocks of sheep, and built their log cabins -and tilled their scanty garden-patches, -and cut down the wild hay for winter -fodder. Now bears are as shy as they -are scarce. No grizzly in such a settled -region would dream of attacking a man -unprovoked, and they pass their days in -the deepest thickets, so that it is almost -impossible to get at them. I never -killed a bear in the neighborhood of my -former ranch, though I have shot quite a -number some hundreds of miles to the -west in the Rocky Mountains.</p> - -<div class='figleft id001'> -<img src='images/i_030.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>Usually the bears live almost exclusively -on roots, berries, insects, and -the like. In fact, there is always something -grotesque and incongruous in comparing -<span class='pageno' id='Page_30'>30</span>the bear’s vast size, and his -formidable claws and teeth, with the -uses to which those claws and teeth are -normally put. At the end of the season -the claws, which are very long in spring, -sometimes become so much blunted as -to be tender, because the bear has worked -on hard ground digging roots and the -like.</p> - -<p class='c008'>Bears often graze on the fresh tender -spring grass. Berries form their especial -delight, and they eat them so greedily -when in season as to become inordinately -fat. Indeed, a bear in a berry-patch -frequently grows so absorbed in his work -as to lose his wariness, and as he makes -a good deal of noise himself in breaking -branches and gobbling down the fruit, -he is exposed to much danger from the -hunter.</p> - -<div class='figright id001'> -<img src='images/i_031.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>Besides roots and berries, the bear will -feed on any small living thing he encounters. -<span class='pageno' id='Page_31'>31</span>If in plundering a squirrel’s -<i>cache</i> he comes upon some young squirrels, -down they go in company with the hoarded -nuts. He is continually knocking to -pieces and overturning old dead logs for -the sake of devouring the insects living -beneath them. If, when such a log is -overturned, mice, shrews, or chipmunks -are found underneath, the bear promptly -scoops them into his mouth while they -are still dazed by the sudden inrush of -light. All this seems rather ludicrous -as the life work of an animal of such huge -proportions and such vast strength.</p> - -<p class='c008'>Sometimes, however, a bear will take -to killing fresh meat for itself. Indeed, -I think it is only its clumsiness that -prevents it from becoming an habitual -flesh-eater. Deer are so agile that bears -can rarely get them; yet on occasions -not only deer, but moose, buffalo, and -elk fall victims to them. Wild game, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_32'>32</span>however, are so shy, so agile, and so -alert that it is only rarely they afford -meals to old Ephraim—as the mountain -hunters call the grizzly.</p> - -<div class='figleft id001'> -<img src='images/i_032.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>Domestic animals are slower, more -timid, more clumsy, and with far duller -sense. It is on these that the bear by -preference preys when he needs fresh -meat. I have never, myself, known one -to kill horses; but I have been informed -that the feat is sometimes performed, -usually in spring; and the ranchman who -told me insisted that when a bear made -his rush he went with such astonishing -speed that the horse was usually overtaken -before it got well under way.</p> -<div id='fp_032' class='figcenter id004'> -<img src='images/fp_032.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic002'> -<p>THE GRIZZLY AND A VICTIM</p> -</div> -</div> - -<div class='figright id001'> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_33'>33</span> -<img src='images/i_033.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>The favorite food of a bear, however, -if he really wants fresh meat, is a hog or -sheep—by preference the former. If a -bear once gets into the habit of visiting -a sheepfold or pigpen, it requires no -slight skill and watchfulness to keep -him out. As for swine, they dread bears -more than anything else. A drove of -half-wild swine will make head against a -wolf or panther; but the bear scatters -them in a panic. This feat is entirely -justifiable, for a bear has a peculiar -knack in knocking down a hog, and then -literally eating him alive, in spite of his -fearful squealing.</p> - -<p class='c008'>Every now and then bears take to killing -cattle regularly. Sometimes the criminal -is a female with cubs; sometimes an -old male in spring, when he is lean, and has -the flesh hunger upon him. But on one -occasion a very large and cunning bear, -some twenty-five miles below my ranch, -took to cattle-killing early in the summer, -and continued it through the fall. -He made his home in a very densely -wooded bottom; but he wandered far -and wide, and I have myself frequently -seen his great, half-human footprints -<span class='pageno' id='Page_34'>34</span>leading along some narrow divide, or -across some great plateau, where there -was no cover whatever, and where he -must have gone at night. During the -daytime, when on one of these expeditions, -he would lie up in some timber -<i>coulée</i>, and return to the river-bottoms -after dark, so that no one ever saw -him; but his tracks were seen very frequently.</p> - -<div class='figleft id001'> -<img src='images/i_034.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>He began operations on the bottom -where he had his den. He at first took -to lying in wait for the cattle as they -came down to drink, when he would seize -some animal, usually a fat young steer or -heifer, knocking it over by sheer force. -In his furious rush he sometimes broke -the back with a terrific blow from his -fore-paw; at other times he threw the -animal over and bit it to death. The -rest of the herd never made any effort to -retaliate, but fled in terror. Very soon -<span class='pageno' id='Page_35'>35</span>the cattle would not go down on this -bottom at all; then he began to wander -over the adjoining bottoms, and finally -to make excursions far off in the broken -country. Evidently he would sometimes -at night steal along a <i>coulée</i> until -he found cattle lying down on the hill-side, -and then approach cautiously and -seize his prey.</p> - -<div class='figright id001'> -<img src='images/i_035.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>Usually the animals he killed were cows -or steers; and noticing this, a certain -ranchman in the neighborhood used to -boast that a favorite bull on his ranch, of -which he was particularly proud, would -surely account for the bear if the latter -dared to attack him. The boast proved -vain. One day a cow-boy riding down -a lonely <i>coulée</i> came upon the scene of -what had evidently been a very hard conflict. -There were deep marks of hoofs -and claws in the soft soil, bushes were -smashed down where the struggling -<span class='pageno' id='Page_36'>36</span>combatants had pressed against and over -them, and a little farther on lay the remains -of the bull.</p> - -<div class='figleft id001'> -<img src='images/i_036.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>He must have been seized by surprise; -probably the great bear rushed at him -from behind, or at one side, and fastened -upon him so that he had no fair chance to -use his horns. Nevertheless, he made a -gallant struggle for his life, staggering to -and fro trying to shake off his murderous -antagonist, and endeavoring in vain to -strike back over his shoulder; but all was -useless. Even his strength could not -avail against the might of his foe, and -the cruel claws and teeth tore out his -life. At last the gallant bull fell and -breathed his last, and the bear feasted -on the carcass.</p> -<div id='fp_036' class='figcenter id004'> -<img src='images/fp_036.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic002'> -<p>“THE SHAGGY BEAST WAS FOUND LYING DEAD WITHIN A DOZEN YARDS OF HIS LAST VICTIM”</p> -</div> -</div> - -<div class='figright id001'> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_37'>37</span> -<img src='images/i_037.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>The angry ranchman swore vengeance, -and set a trap for the bear, hoping it would -return. The sly old beast, however, -doubtless was aware that the body had -been visited, for he never came back, but -returned to the river-bottom, and again -from time to time was heard of as slaying -some animal. However, at last his -fate overtook him. Early one morning -a cow was discovered just killed and not -yet eaten, the bear having probably -been scared off. Immediately the ranchman -put poison in the bait which the bear -had thus himself left, and twenty-four -hours later the shaggy beast was found -lying dead within a dozen yards of his -last victim.</p> - -<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_39'>39</span></div> -<div class='chapter ph2'> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c001'> - <div>A Christmas Buck</div> - </div> -</div> - -</div> -<div class='figright id001'> -<img src='images/i_039.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_41'>41</span> - <h2 class='c006'>III<br /> <span class='large'>A CHRISTMAS BUCK</span></h2> -</div> - -<div class='figright id001'> -<img src='images/i_041.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<div class='c007'> - <img class='drop-capi' src='images/di_041.jpg' width='100' alt='' /> -</div><p class='drop-capi_8'> -Throughout most of the -ranch country there are -two kinds of deer, the -black-tail and the white-tail. -The white-tail is the -same as the deer of the East; it is a -beautiful creature, a marvel of lightness -and grace in all its movements, and it -loves to dwell in thick timber, so that in -the plains country it is almost confined -to the heavily wooded river bottoms. -The black-tail is somewhat larger, with -a different and very peculiar gait, consisting -of a succession of stiff-legged -<span class='pageno' id='Page_42'>42</span>bounds, all four feet striking the earth -at the same time. Its habits are likewise -very different, as it is a bolder animal -and much fonder of the open country. -Among the Rockies it is found in -the deep forests, but it prefers scantily -wooded regions, and in the plains country -it dwells by choice in the rough hills, -spending the day in the patches of ash or -cedar among the ravines. In 1882 the -black-tail was very much more abundant -than the white-tail almost everywhere -in the West, but owing to the nature -of its haunts it is more easily killed -out, and in 1897, through both species -has decreased in numbers, the white-tail -was on the whole the more common.</p> - -<div class='figleft id001'> -<img src='images/i_042.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>My ranch-house was situated on a -heavily wooded bottom, one of the places -where the white-tail were found. On -one occasion I killed one from the ranch -veranda, and two or three times I shot -<span class='pageno' id='Page_43'>43</span>them within half a mile of the house. -Nevertheless, they are so cunning and -stealthy in their ways, and the cover is -so dense, that usually, although one may -know of their existence right in one’s -neighborhood, there is more chance of -getting game by going off eight or ten -miles into the broken country of the -black-tail.</p> - -<div class='figright id001'> -<img src='images/i_043.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>One Christmas I was to be at the -ranch, and I made up my mind that I -would try to get a good buck for our -Christmas dinner; for I had not had -much time to hunt that fall, and Christmas -was almost upon us before we started -to lay in our stock of winter meat. So -I arranged with one of the cow-boys to -make an all-day’s hunt through some -rugged hills on the other side of the river, -where we knew there were black-tail.</p> - -<p class='c008'>We were up soon after three o’clock, -when it was yet as dark as at midnight.</p> - -<p class='c008'><span class='pageno' id='Page_44'>44</span>We had a long day’s work before us, -and so we ate a substantial breakfast, -then put on our fur caps, coats, and -mittens, and walked out into the cold -night. The air was still, but it was biting -weather, and we pulled our caps down -over our ears as we walked towards the -rough, low stable where the two hunting-ponies -had been put overnight. In a few -minutes we were jogging along on our -journey.</p> - -<div class='figleft id001'> -<img src='images/i_044.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>There was a powder of snow over the -ground, and this and the brilliant starlight -enabled us to see our way without -difficulty. The river was frozen hard, -and the hoofs of the horses rang on the ice -as they crossed. For a while we followed -the wagon road, and then struck off into -a cattle trail which led up into a long -<i>coulée</i>. After a while this faded out, -and we began to work our way along the -divide, not without caution, for in broken -<span class='pageno' id='Page_45'>45</span>countries it is hard to take a horse during -darkness. Indeed, we found we had left -a little too early, for there was hardly a -glimmer of dawn when we reached our -proposed hunting-grounds. We left the -horses in a sheltered nook where there -was abundance of grass, and strode off on -foot, numb after the ride.</p> - -<div class='figright id001'> -<img src='images/i_045.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>The dawn brightened rapidly, and there -was almost light enough for shooting when -we reached a spur overlooking a large -basin around whose edges there were several -wooded <i>coulées</i>. Here we sat down -to wait and watch. We did not have to -wait long, for just as the sun was coming -up on our right hand we caught a glimpse -of something moving at the mouth of one -of the little ravines some hundreds of -yards distant. Another glance showed -us that it was a deer feeding, while another -behind it was walking leisurely in -our direction.</p> -<div class='figleft id001'> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_46'>46</span> -<img src='images/i_046.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>There was no time to be lost, and, sliding -back over the crest, we trotted off -around a spur until we were in line with -the quarry, and then walked rapidly -towards them. Our only fear was lest -they should move into some position where -they would see us; and this fear was -justified. While still one hundred yards -from the mouth of the <i>coulée</i> in which we -had seen the feeding deer, the second one, -which all the time had been walking slowly -in our direction, came out on a ridge -crest to one side of our course. It saw -us at once and halted short; it was only a -spike buck, but there was no time to lose, -for we needed meat, and in another moment -it would have gone off, giving the -alarm to its companion. So I dropped -on one knee, and fired just as it turned.</p> -<div id='fp_046' class='figcenter id004'> -<img src='images/fp_046.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic002'> -<p>“‘I DROPPED ON ONE KNEE AND FIRED’”</p> -</div> -</div> - -<p class='c008'><span class='pageno' id='Page_47'>47</span>From the jump it gave I was sure it was -hit, but it disappeared over the hill, -and at the same time the big buck, its -companion, dashed out of the <i>coulée</i> in -front, across the basin. It was broadside -to me, and not more than one hundred -yards distant; but a running deer -is difficult to hit, and though I took two -shots, both missed, and it disappeared -behind another spur.</p> - -<div class='figright id001'> -<img src='images/i_047.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>This looked pretty bad, and I felt -rather blue as I climbed up to look at the -trail of the spike. I was cheered to find -blood, and as there was a good deal of -snow here and there it was easy to follow -it; nor was it long before we saw the buck -moving forward slowly, evidently very -sick. We did not disturb him, but -watched him until he turned down into -a short ravine a quarter of a mile off; -he did not come out, and we sat down and -waited nearly an hour to give him time to -get stiff. When we reached the valley, -one went down each side so as to be sure -to get him when he jumped up. Our -<span class='pageno' id='Page_48'>48</span>caution was needless, however, for we -failed to start him; and on hunting -through some of the patches of brush -we found him stretched out already -dead.</p> - -<div class='figleft id001'> -<img src='images/i_048.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>This was satisfactory; but still it was -not the big buck, and we started out again -after dressing and hanging up the deer. -For many hours we saw nothing, and we -had swung around within a couple of -miles of the horses before we sat down behind -a screen of stunted cedars for a last -look. After attentively scanning every -patch of brush in sight, we were about to -go on when the attention of both of us -was caught at the same moment by seeing -a big buck deliberately get up, turn round, -and then lie down again in a grove of -small, leafless trees lying opposite to us on -a hill-side with a southern exposure. He -had evidently very nearly finished his -day’s rest, but was not quite ready to go -<span class='pageno' id='Page_49'>49</span>out to feed; and his restlessness cost -him his life.</p> - -<div class='figright id001'> -<img src='images/i_049.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>As we now knew where he was, the -work was easy. We marked a place on -the hill-top a little above and to one side -of him; and while the cow-boy remained -to watch him, I drew back and walked -leisurely round to where I could get a -shot. When nearly up to the crest I -crawled into view of the patch of brush, -rested my elbows on the ground, and -gently tapped two stones together. The -buck rose nimbly to his feet, and at -seventy yards afforded me a standing -shot, which I could not fail to turn to -good account.</p> - -<div class='figleft id001'> -<img src='images/i_050.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>A winter day is short, and twilight had -come before we had packed both bucks -on the horses; but with our game behind -our saddles we did not feel either fatigue, -or hunger or cold, while the horses trotted -steadily homeward. The moon was a -<span class='pageno' id='Page_50'>50</span>few days old, and it gave us light until we -reached the top of the bluffs by the river -and saw across the frozen stream the -gleam from the fire-lit windows of the -ranch-house.</p> - -<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_51'>51</span></div> -<div class='chapter ph2'> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c001'> - <div>The Timber-wolf</div> - </div> -</div> - -</div> -<div class='figright id001'> -<img src='images/i_051.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_53'>53</span> - <h2 class='c006'>IV<br /> <span class='large'>THE TIMBER-WOLF</span></h2> -</div> - -<div class='figright id001'> -<img src='images/i_053.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<div class='c007'> - <img class='drop-capi' src='images/di_053.jpg' width='100' alt='' /> -</div><p class='drop-capi_8'> -There are two kinds of -wolves found in the United -States. One is the little -coyote or prairie-wolf, or -barking-wolf, which never -was found in the Eastern States, being an -animal of the open country; the other is -the big wolf, and sometimes the timber-wolf or -gray wolf, which was formerly found -everywhere from the Atlantic to the -Pacific. In some districts it runs to color -varieties of different kinds—red, black, -or white.</p> - -<div class='figleft id001'> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_54'>54</span> -<img src='images/i_054.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>The coyote is not at all a formidable -beast, and holds its own quite persistently -until civilization is well advanced in a -country. Coyotes are not dangerous to -either man or the larger domestic animals. -Lambs, young pigs, hens, and cats often -become their prey, and if very hungry -several of them will combine to attack a -young calf. In consequence, farmers and -ranchers kill them whenever the chance -offers; but they do not do damage which -is even appreciable when compared with -the ravages of their grim big brother, the -gray wolf, which in many sections of the -West is a veritable scourge of the stockmen.</p> - -<p class='c008'>The big wolves shrink back before the -growth of the thickly settled districts, -and in the Eastern States they often tend -to disappear even from districts that are -uninhabited, save by a few wilderness -hunters. They have thus disappeared -almost entirely from Maine, the Adirondacks, -and the Alleghanies, although here -and there they are said to be returning to -their old haunts.</p> -<div id='fp_054' class='figcenter id004'> -<img src='images/fp_054.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic002'> -<p>CANADIAN WOLVES AT AN INDIAN GRAVE</p> -</div> -</div> - -<div class='figright id001'> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_55'>55</span> -<img src='images/i_055.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>Their disappearance is rather mysterious -in some instances, for they are certainly -not all killed off. The black bear -is much more easily killed, yet the black -bear holds its own in many parts of the -land from which the wolf has vanished. -No animal is quite so difficult to kill as is -the wolf, whether by poison or rifle or -hound. Yet, after a comparatively few -have been slain, the entire species will -perhaps vanish from certain localities.</p> - -<p class='c008'>But with all wild animals it is a noticeable -fact that a course of conduct with -man continuing over many generations of -animal life causes a species so to adapt itself -to its new surroundings that it ceases -to diminish in numbers. When white -men take up a new country, the game, and -<span class='pageno' id='Page_56'>56</span>especially the big game, being entirely -unused to contend with the new foe, succumbs -easily, and it is almost completely -killed out. If any individuals survive -at all, however, the succeeding generations -are far more difficult to exterminate -than were their ancestors, and they cling -much more tenaciously to their old homes.</p> - -<div class='figleft id001'> -<img src='images/i_056.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>The game to be found in old and long-settled -countries is much more wary and -able to take care of itself than the game -of an untrodden wilderness. It is a very -difficult matter to kill a Swiss chamois; -but it is a very easy matter to kill a white -goat after a hunter has once penetrated -among the almost unknown peaks of the -mountains of British Columbia. When the -ranchmen first drove their cattle to -the Little Missouri they found the deer -tame and easy to kill, but the deer of -Maine and the Adirondacks test to the full -the highest skill of the hunter.</p> - -<div class='figright id001'> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_57'>57</span> -<img src='images/i_057.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>In consequence, after a time, game may -even increase in certain districts where -settlements are thin. This has been true -of the wolves throughout the northern -cattle country in Montana, Wyoming, -and the western ends of the Dakotas. -In the old days wolves were very plentiful -throughout this region, closely following -the huge herds of buffaloes. The -white men who followed these herds as -professional buffalo-hunters were often -accompanied by other men, known as -“wolfers,” who poisoned these wolves for -the sake of their furs. With the disappearance -of the buffalo the wolves -seemed so to diminish in numbers that -they also seemed to disappear. During -the last ten years their numbers have -steadily increased, and now they seem to -be as numerous as they ever were in the -region in question, and they are infinitely -more wary and more difficult to kill.</p> - -<div class='figleft id001'> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_58'>58</span> -<img src='images/i_058.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>Along the Little Missouri their ravages -were so serious from 1893 to 1897 as to -cause heavy damage to the stockmen. -Not only colts and calves, but young trail -stock, and in midwinter even full-grown -horses and steers, are continually slain; -and in some seasons their losses have been -so serious as to more than eat up all the -profits of the ranchman. The county -authorities put a bounty on wolf scalps of -three dollars each, and in my own neighborhood -the ranchmen of their own accord -put on a further bounty of five -dollars. This made eight dollars for -every wolf, and as the skin is also worth -something, the business of killing wolves -was quite profitable.</p> - -<p class='c008'>Wolves are very shy, and show extraordinary -cunning both in hiding themselves -and in slinking out of the way -of the hunter. They are rarely killed -with the rifle. I have never shot but one -<span class='pageno' id='Page_59'>59</span>myself. They are occasionally trapped, -but after a very few have been procured -in this way the survivors become so wary -that it is almost impossible even for a -master of the art to do much with them, -while an ordinary man can never get one -into a trap except by accident.</p> - -<div class='figright id001'> -<img src='images/i_059.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>More can be done with poison, but even -in this case the animal speedily learns caution -by experience. When poison is first -used in a district wolves are very easily -killed, and perhaps almost all of them will -be slain, but nowadays it is difficult to -catch any but young ones in this way. -Occasionally an old one will succumb, but -there are always some who cannot be -persuaded to touch a bait. The old she-wolves -teach their cubs, as soon as they -are able to walk, to avoid man’s trace in -every way, and to look out for traps and -poison.</p> - -<p class='c008'>In consequence, though most cow-punchers -<span class='pageno' id='Page_60'>60</span>carry poison with them, and are -continually laying out baits, and though -some men devote most of their time to -poisoning for the sake of the bounty and -the fur, the results are not very remunerative.</p> - -<div class='figleft id001'> -<img src='images/i_060.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>The most successful wolf-hunter on the -Little Missouri in 1896 was a man who -did not rely on poison at all, but on dogs. -He was a hunter named Massingale, and -he always had a pack of at least twenty -hounds. The number varied, for a wolf -at bay is a terrible fighter, with jaws like -those of a steel trap and teeth that cut -like knives, so that the dogs were continually - disabled and sometimes killed, -and the hunter had always to be on the -watch to add animals to his pack.</p> - -<p class='c008'>It was not a pack that would appeal, as -far as looks go, to an old huntsman, but -it was thoroughly fitted for its own work. -Most of the dogs were greyhounds, either -rough or smooth haired, but many of -them were big mongrels, and part some -other breed, such as bull-dog, mastiff, -Newfoundland, blood-hound, or collie.</p> -<div id='fp_060' class='figcenter id004'> -<img src='images/fp_060.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic002'> -<p>DOGS IN PURSUIT OF AN OLD WOLF</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class='figright id001'> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_61'>61</span> -<img src='images/i_061.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>The only two necessary requisites were -that the dogs should run fast and fight -gamely; and in consequence they formed -as wicked, hard-biting a crew as ever ran -down and throttled a wolf. They were -usually taken out ten at a time, and by -their aid Massingale killed two hundred -wolves in the course of the year.</p> - -<p class='c008'>Of course there were no pretence of -giving the game fair play. The wolves -were killed as vermin, not for sport. The -greatest havoc was in the spring-time, -when the she-wolves were followed to -their dens, which were sometimes holes -in the earth and sometimes natural caves. -There were from three to nine whelps in -each litter. Some of the hounds were -very fast, and they could usually overtake -<span class='pageno' id='Page_62'>62</span>a young or weak wolf; but an old -wolf-dog, with a good start, unless run -into at once, would surely get away if he -were in a running trim. Frequently, however, - he was caught when he was not in -running trim, for the hunter was apt to -find him when he had killed a calf or -taken part in dragging down a horse or -steer. Under these circumstances he -could not run long before the pack.</p> - -<div class='figleft id001'> -<img src='images/i_062.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>If possible, as with all such packs, the -hunter himself would get up in time to -end the worry by a stab of his hunting-knife; - but unless he was quick he would -have nothing to do, for the pack was -thoroughly competent to do its own killing. - Grim fighter though a great wolf-dog - is, he stands no show before the -onslaught, who rush on their antagonist -in a body. They possessed great power -in their jaws, and unless Massingale was -<span class='pageno' id='Page_63'>63</span>up within two or three minutes after the -wolf was taken, the dogs literally tore -him to pieces, though one or more of -their number might be killed or crippled -in the fight.</p> - -<div class='figright id001'> -<img src='images/i_063.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<div class='figleft id001'> -<img src='images/i_064.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>Other hunters were striving to get together -packs thoroughly organized, and -the wolves may be thinned out; they -were certainly altogether too plentiful. -During the fall of 1896 I saw a number -myself, although I was not looking for -them. I frequently came upon the remains - of sheep and young stock which -they had killed, and once, on the top of a -small plateau, I found the body of a large -steer, while the torn and trodden ground -showed that he had fought hard for his -life before succumbing. There were apparently - two wolves engaged in the work, -and the cunning beasts had evidently -acted in concert. While one attracted -the steer’s attention, the other, according -<span class='pageno' id='Page_64'>64</span>to the invariable wolf habit, attacked -him from behind, hamstringing him and -tearing out his flanks. His body was -still warm when I came up, but his murderers -had slunk off, either seeing or -smelling me. Their handiwork was unmistakable, -however, for, unlike bears -and cougars, wolves invariably attack -their victim at the hind-quarters, and begin -their feast on the hams or flanks if -the animal is of any size.</p> - -<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_65'>65</span></div> -<div class='chapter ph2'> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c001'> - <div>Shooting the Prong-buck</div> - </div> -</div> - -</div> -<div class='figright id001'> -<img src='images/i_065.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_67'>67</span> - <h2 class='c006'>V<br /> <span class='large'>SHOOTING THE PRONG-BUCK</span></h2> -</div> - -<div class='figright id001'> -<img src='images/i_067.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<div class='c007'> - <img class='drop-capi' src='images/di_067.jpg' width='100' alt='' /> -</div><p class='drop-capi_8'> -For a few years before 1897, -when I visited my cattle -range I spent most of my -time out on the great -plains, where almost the -only game that can be found is the -prong-horned antelope; and as on such -trips the party depends for fresh meat -upon the rifle, I have on each occasion -done a certain amount of antelope-shooting.</p> - -<p class='c008'>In the old days, when antelope were far -more plentiful than they are now, they -could often be procured by luring them -<span class='pageno' id='Page_68'>68</span>with a red flag—for they are very inquisitive -beasts—but now they have -grown wary, and must usually be either -stalked, which is very difficult, owing to -their extreme keenness of vision and the -absence of cover on the prairies, or else -must be ridden into.</p> - -<div class='figleft id001'> -<img src='images/i_068.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>With first-class greyhounds and good -horses they can often be run down in fair -chase; but ordinarily the rider can hope -for nothing more than to get within fair -shooting-range, and this only by taking -advantage of their peculiarity of running -straight ahead in the direction in which -they are pointed when once they have -settled to their pace. Usually antelope, -as soon as they see a hunter, run straight -away from him; but sometimes they make -their flight at an angle, and as they do -not like to change their course when once -started, it is occasionally possible to cut -them off from the point towards which -they are headed, and get a reasonably -close shot.</p> -<div id='fp_068' class='figcenter id002'> -<img src='images/fp_068.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic002'> -<p>STALKING BIG GAME</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class='figright id001'> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_69'>69</span> -<img src='images/i_069.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>In the fall of 1896 I spent a fortnight -on the range with the ranch wagon. I -was using for the first time one of the -then new small-caliber, smokeless-powder -rifles, a 30–30–160 Winchester. I had a -half-jacketed bullet, the butt being cased -in hard-metal, while the nose was of pure -lead.</p> - -<p class='c008'>While travelling to and fro across the -range we usually broke camp each day, -not putting up the tent at all during the -trip; but at one spot we spent three nights. -It was in a creek bottom, bounded on -either side by rows of grassy hills, beyond -which stretched the rolling prairie. The -creek bed, which at this season was of -course dry in most places, wound in -S-shaped curves, with here and there a -pool and here and there a fringe of stunted, -wind-beaten timber. We were camped -<span class='pageno' id='Page_70'>70</span>near a little grove of ash, box-alder, and -willow, which gave us shade at noonday; -and there were two or three pools of good -water in the creek bed—one so deep that -I made it my swimming-bath.</p> - -<div class='figleft id001'> -<img src='images/i_070.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>The first day that I was able to make -a hunt I rode out with my foreman, -Sylvane Ferris. I was mounted on -Muley. Twelve years before, when Muley -was my favorite cutting-pony on the -round-up, he never seemed to tire or to -lose his dash, but Muley was now sixteen -years old, and on ordinary occasions he -liked to go as soberly as possible; yet the -good old pony still had the fire latent in -his blood, and at the sight of game—or, -indeed, of cattle or horses—he seemed to -regain for the time being all the headlong -courage of his vigorous and supple -youth.</p> - -<p class='c008'>On the morning in question it was two -or three hours before Sylvane and I saw -<span class='pageno' id='Page_71'>71</span>any game. Our two ponies went steadily -forward at a single foot or shack, as the -cow-punchers term what Easterners call -“a fox trot.” Most of the time we were -passing over immense grassy flats, where -the mats of short curled blades lay brown -and parched under the bright sunlight. -Occasionally we came to ranges of low, -barren hills, which sent off gently rounding -spurs into the plain.</p> - -<div class='figright id001'> -<img src='images/i_071.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>It was on one of these ranges that we -first saw our game. As we were travelling -along the divide we spied eight antelope -far ahead of us. They saw us as soon as -we saw them, and the chance of getting -to them seemed small; but it was worth -an effort, for by humoring them when -they start to run, and galloping towards -them at an oblique angle to their line -of flight, there is always some little chance -of getting a shot. Sylvane was on a light -buckskin horse, and I left him on the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_72'>72</span>ridge crest to occupy their time while I -cantered off to one side.</p> - -<div class='figleft id001'> -<img src='images/i_072.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>The prong-horns became uneasy as I -galloped off, and ran off the ridge crest in -a line nearly parallel to mine. They did -not go very fast, and I held Muley in, who -was all on fire at the sight of the game. -After crossing two or three spurs, the -antelope going at half speed, they found -I had come closer to them, and, turning, -they ran up one of the valleys between -two spurs.</p> - -<p class='c008'>Now was my chance, and, wheeling at -right angles to my former course, I -galloped Muley as hard as I knew how up -the valley nearest and parallel to where -the antelope had gone. The good old -fellow ran like a quarter-horse, and when -we were almost at the main ridge crest -I leaped off, and ran ahead with my rifle -at the ready, crouching down as I came -to the sky-line. Usually on such occasions -<span class='pageno' id='Page_73'>73</span>I find that the antelope have gone -on, and merely catch a glimpse of them -half a mile distant, but on this occasion -everything went right. The band had -just reached the ridge crest about two -hundred and twenty yards from me across -the head of the valley, and I halted for a -moment to look around. They were starting -as I raised my rifle, but the trajectory -is very flat with these small-bore smokeless-powder -weapons, and taking a coarse -front sight I fired at a young buck which -stood broadside to me. There was no -smoke, and as the band raced away I -saw him sink backward, the ball having -broken his hip.</p> - -<div class='figright id001'> -<img src='images/i_073.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>We packed him bodily behind Sylvane -on the buckskin and continued our ride, -as there was no fresh meat in camp, and -we wished to bring in a couple of bucks if -possible. For two or three hours we saw -nothing. The unshod feet of the horses -<span class='pageno' id='Page_74'>74</span>made hardly any noise on the stretches of -sun-cured grass, but now and then we -passed through patches of thin weeds, -their dry stalks rattling curiously, making -a sound like that of a rattlesnake. At -last, coming over a gentle rise of ground, -we spied two more antelopes, half a mile -ahead of us and to our right.</p> - -<div class='figleft id001'> -<img src='images/i_074.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>Again there seemed small chance of -bagging our quarry, but again fortune -favored us. I at once cantered Muley -ahead, not towards them, so as to pass -them well on one side. After some hesitation -they started, not straightaway, -but at an angle to my own course. For -some moments I kept at a hand-gallop, -until they got thoroughly settled in their -line of flight; then I touched Muley, and -he went as hard as he knew how.</p> -<div id='fp_074' class='figcenter id004'> -<img src='images/fp_074.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic002'> -<p>“‘I LEAPED OFF, AND HELD WELL AHEAD OF THE REARMOST AND LARGEST BUCK’”</p> -</div> -</div> - -<div class='figright id001'> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_75'>75</span> -<img src='images/i_075.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>Immediately the two panic-stricken -and foolish beasts seemed to feel that I -was cutting off their line of retreat, and -raced forward at mad speed. They went -much faster than I did, but I had the -shorter course, and when they crossed -me they were not fifty yards ahead—by -which time I had come nearly a mile. -Muley stopped short, like the trained cow-pony -he was; I leaped off, and held well -ahead of the rearmost and largest buck. -At the crack of the little rifle down he -went with his neck broken. In a minute -or two he was packed behind me on -Muley, and we bent our steps towards -camp.</p> - -<p class='c008'>During the remainder of my trip we -were never out of fresh meat, for I shot -three other bucks—one after a smart -chase on horseback, and the other two -after careful stalks.</p> - -<p class='c008'>The game being both scarce and shy, -I had to exercise much care, and after -sighting a band I would sometimes have -to wait and crawl round for two or three -<span class='pageno' id='Page_76'>76</span>hours before they would get into a position -where I had any chance of approaching. -Even then they were more -apt to see me and go off than I was to -get near them.</p> - -<div class='figleft id001'> -<img src='images/i_076.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>Antelope are the only game that can -be hunted as well at noonday as in the -morning or evening, for their times for -sleeping and feeding are irregular. They -never seek shelter from the sun, and when -they lie down for a noonday nap they are -apt to choose a hollow, so as to be out of -the wind; in consequence, if the band is -seen at all at this time, it is easier to -approach them than when they are up -and feeding.</p> - -<p class='c008'>They sometimes come down to water -in the middle of the day, sometimes in the -morning or evening. On this trip I came -across bands feeding and resting at almost -every time of the day. They seemed -usually to feed for a couple of hours, then -rest for a couple of hours, then begin -feeding again.</p> -<div id='fp_076' class='figcenter id002'> -<img src='images/fp_076.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic002'> -<p>A WOUNDED ANTELOPE</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class='figright id001'> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_77'>77</span> -<img src='images/i_077.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>The last shot I got was when I was out -with Joe Ferris, in whose company I had -killed my first buffalo, just thirteen years -before, and not very far from the spot I -then was at. We had seen two or three -bands that morning, and in each case, -after a couple of hours of useless effort, -I failed to get near enough. At last, -towards mid-day, we got within range of -a small band lying down in a little cup-shaped -hollow in the middle of a great flat. -I did not have a close shot, for they were -running about one hundred and eighty -yards off. The buck was rear-most, and -at him I aimed; the bullet struck him in -the flank, coming out of the opposite -shoulder, and he fell in his next bound. -As we stood over him, Joe shook his head, -and said, “I guess that little 30–30 is the -ace”; and I told him I guessed so too.</p> - -<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_79'>79</span></div> -<div class='chapter ph2'> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c001'> - <div>A Tame White Goat</div> - </div> -</div> - -</div> -<div class='figright id001'> -<img src='images/i_079.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_81'>81</span> - <h2 class='c006'>VI<br /> <span class='large'>A TAME WHITE GOAT</span></h2> -</div> - -<div class='figright id001'> -<img src='images/i_081.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<div class='c007'> - <img class='drop-capi' src='images/di_081.jpg' width='100' alt='' /> -</div><p class='drop-capi_8'> -One of the queerest wild -beasts in North America -is the so-called white goat. -It is found all along the -highest peaks of the Rocky -Mountains from Alaska into Montana, -Idaho, and Washington. Really it is not -a goat at all, but a kind of mountain-antelope, -whose nearest kinsfolk are certain -Asiatic antelopes found in the Himalayas. -It is a squat, powerfully built, -and rather clumsy-looking animal, about -as heavy as a good-sized deer, but not as -tall. It is pure white in color, except -<span class='pageno' id='Page_82'>82</span>that its hoofs, horns, and muzzle are jet -black. In winter its fleece is very long, -and at that time it wears a long beard, -which makes it look still more like a goat. -It has a very distinct hump on the -shoulders, and the head is usually carried -low.</p> - -<div class='figleft id001'> -<img src='images/i_082.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>White goats are quite as queer in their -habits as in their looks. They delight in -cold, and, except in the northernmost -portion of their range, they keep to the -very tops of the mountains; and at mid-day, -if the sun is at all powerful, retire to -caves to rest themselves. They have the -very curious habit of sitting up on their -haunches, in the attitude of a dog begging, -when looking about for any foe whose -presence they suspect. They are wonderful -climbers, although they have no -liveliness or agility of movement; their -surefootedness and remarkable strength -enable them to go up or down seemingly -<span class='pageno' id='Page_83'>83</span>impossible places. Their great round -hoofs, with sharp-cut edges, can grip the -slightest projection in the rocks, and no -precipice or ice-wall has any terror for -them. At times they come quite low towards -the foot-hills, usually to visit some -mineral lick, but generally they are found -only in the very high broken ground, -among stupendous crags and precipices. -They are self-confident, rather stupid -beasts, and as they are accustomed to -look for danger only from below, it is an -easy matter to approach them if once the -hunter is able to get above them; but they -live in such inaccessible places that their -pursuit entails great labor and hardship.</p> - -<div class='figright id001'> -<img src='images/i_083.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>Their sharp black horns are eight or ten -inches long, with points like needles, and -their necks are thick and muscular, so -that they are dangerous enemies for any -foe to handle at close quarters; and they -know their capacities very well, and are -<span class='pageno' id='Page_84'>84</span>confident in their prowess, often preferring -to stand and fight a dog or wolf -rather than to try to run. Nevertheless, -though they are such wicked and resolute -fighters, they have not a few enemies. -The young kids are frequently carried off -by eagles, and mountain-lions, wolves, -and occasionally even wolverenes prey on -the grown animals whenever they venture -down out of their inaccessible resting-places -to prowl along the upper edges of -the timber or on the open terraces of grass -and shrubby mountain plants. If a goat -is on its guard, and can get its back to a -rock, both wolf and panther will fight -shy of facing the thrust of the dagger-like -horns; but the beasts of prey are so much -more agile and stealthy that if they can -get a goat in the open or take it by surprise, -they can readily pull it down.</p> - -<div class='figleft id001'> -<img src='images/i_084.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>I have several times shot white goats -for the sake of the trophies afforded by -<span class='pageno' id='Page_85'>85</span>the horns and skins, but I have never -gone after them much, as the work is -very severe, and the flesh usually affords -poor eating, being musky, as there is a -big musk-pod situated between the ear -and the horn. Only a few of the old-time -hunters knew anything about white -goats; and even nowadays there are not -very many men who go into their haunts -as a steady thing; but the settlers who -live high up in the mountains do come -across them now and then, and they -occasionally have odd stories to relate -about them.</p> - -<div class='figright id001'> -<img src='images/i_085.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>One was told to me by an old fellow -who had a cabin on one of the tributaries -that ran into Flathead Lake. He had -been off prospecting for gold in the mountains -early one spring. The life of a -prospector is very hard. He goes alone, -and in these northern mountains he -cannot take with him the donkey which -<span class='pageno' id='Page_86'>86</span>towards the south is his almost invariable -companion and beast of burden; the -tangled forests of the northern ranges -make it necessary for him to trust only -to his own power as a pack-bearer, and -he carries merely what he takes on his -own shoulders.</p> - -<div class='figleft id001'> -<img src='images/i_086.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>The old fellow in question had been -out for a month before the snow was all -gone, and his dog, a large and rather -vicious hound, to which he was greatly -attached, accompanied him. When his -food gave out he was working his way -back towards Flathead Lake, and struck -a stream, on which he found an old -dugout canoe, deserted the previous -fall by some other prospector or prospectors. -Into this he got, with his -traps and his dog, and started down-stream.</p> - -<div class='figright id001'> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_87'>87</span> -<img src='images/i_087.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>On the morning of the second day, -while rounding a point of land, he suddenly came upon two white goats, a female -and a little kid, evidently but a few -weeks old, standing right by the stream. -As soon as they saw him they turned and -galloped clumsily off towards the foot of -the precipice. As he was in need of meat, -he shoved ashore and ran after the fleeing -animals with his rifle, while the dog galloped -in front. Just before reaching the -precipice the dog overtook the goats. -When he was almost up, however, the -mother goat turned suddenly around, -while the kid stopped short behind her, -and she threatened the dog with lowered -head. After a second’s hesitation the -dog once more resumed his gallop, and -flung himself full on the quarry. It was -a fatal move. As he gave his last leap, -the goat, bending her head down sideways, -struck viciously, so that one horn -slipped right up to the root into the dog’s -chest. The blow was mortal, and the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_88'>88</span>dog barely had time to give one yelp before -his life passed.</p> - -<div class='figleft id001'> -<img src='images/i_088.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>It was, however, several seconds before -the goat could disengage its head from -its adversary, and by that time the enraged -hunter was close at hand, and with -a single bullet avenged the loss of his dog. -When the goat fell, however, he began to -feel a little ashamed, thinking of the -gallant fight she had made for herself -and kid, and he did not wish to harm the -latter. So he walked forward, trying to -scare it away; but the little thing stood -obstinately near its dead mother, and -butted angrily at him as he came up. -It was far too young to hurt him in any -way, and he was bound not to hurt it, -so he sat down beside it and smoked a -pipe.</p> -<div class='figright id001'> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_89'>89</span> -<img src='images/i_089.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>When he got up it seemed to have -become used to his presence, and no -longer showed any hostility. For some -seconds he debated what to do, fearing -lest it might die if left alone; then he came -to the conclusion that it was probably -old enough to do without its mother’s -milk, and would have at least a chance -for its life if left to itself. Accordingly, he -walked towards the boat; but he soon -found it was following him. He tried -to frighten it back, but it belonged to -much too stout-hearted a race to yield -to pretence, and on it came after him. -When he reached the boat, after some -hesitation he put the little thing in and -started down-stream. At first the motion -of the boat startled it, and it jumped -right out into the water. When he got -it back, it again jumped out, on to a -bowlder. On being replaced the second -time, it made no further effort to escape; -but it puzzled him now and then by suddenly -standing up with its fore-feet on -the very rim of the ticklish dugout, so -<span class='pageno' id='Page_90'>90</span>that he had to be very careful how he -balanced. Finally, however, it got used -to the motion of the canoe, and it was -then a very contented and amusing -passenger.</p> - -<div class='figleft id001'> -<img src='images/i_090.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>The last part of the journey, after its -owner abandoned the canoe, was performed -with the kid slung on his back. -Of course it again at first objected strenuously -to this new mode of progress, -but in time it became quite reconciled, -and accepted the situation philosophically. -When the prospector reached his -cabin his difficulties were at an end. The -little goat had fallen off very much in -flesh; for though it would browse of its -own accord around the camp at night, it -was evidently too young to take to the -change kindly.</p> -<div id='fp_090' class='figcenter id004'> -<img src='images/fp_090.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic002'> -<p>FINALLY THE GOAT GOT USED TO THE MOTION OF THE CANOE</p> -</div> -</div> - -<div class='figright id001'> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_91'>91</span> -<img src='images/i_091.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>Before reaching the cabin, however, -it began to pick up again, and it soon -became thoroughly at home amid its -new surroundings. It was very familiar, -not only with the prospector, but with -strangers, and evidently regarded the -cabin as a kind of safety spot. Though -it would stray off into the surrounding -woods, it never ventured farther than -two or three hundred yards, and after an -absence of half an hour or so at the -longest, it would grow alarmed, and come -back at full speed, bounding along like -a wild buck through the woods, until it -reached what it evidently deemed its -haven of refuge.</p> - -<p class='c008'>Its favorite abode was the roof of the -cabin, at one corner of which, where the -projecting ends of the logs were uneven, -it speedily found a kind of ladder, up -which it would climb until the roof was -reached. Sometimes it would promenade -along the ridge, and at other times mount -the chimney, which it would hastily -abandon, however, when a fire was lit. -<span class='pageno' id='Page_92'>92</span>The presence of a dog always resulted in -immediate flight, first to the roof, and -then to the chimney; and when it came -inside the cabin it was fond of jumping on -a big wooden shelf above the fireplace, -which served as a mantel-piece.</p> - -<div class='figleft id001'> -<img src='images/i_092.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>If teased it was decidedly truculent; -but its tameness and confidence, and the -quickness with which it recognized any -friend, made it a great favorite, not only -with the prospector, but with his few -neighbors. However, the little thing did -not live very long. Whether it was the -change of climate or something wrong -with its food, when the hot weather came -on it pined gradually away, and one -morning it was found dead, lying on its -beloved roof-tree. The prospector had -grown so fond of it that, as he told me, -he gave it a burial “just as if it were a -Christian.”</p> - -<div><span class='pageno' id='Page_93'>93</span></div> -<div class='chapter ph2'> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c001'> - <div>Ranching</div> - </div> -</div> - -</div> -<div class='figright id001'> -<img src='images/i_093.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<div class='chapter'> - <span class='pageno' id='Page_95'>95</span> - <h2 class='c006'>VII<br /> <span class='large'>RANCHING</span></h2> -</div> - -<div class='figright id001'> -<img src='images/i_095.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<div class='c007'> - <img class='drop-capi' src='images/di_095.jpg' width='100' alt='' /> -</div><p class='drop-capi_8'> -There are in every community -young men to -whom life at the desk or -behind the counter is unutterably -dreary and unattractive, -and who long for some out-of-door -occupation which shall, if possible, -contain a spice of excitement. These -young men can be divided into two -classes—first, those who, if they get a -chance to try the life for which they long, -will speedily betray their utter inability -to lead it; and, secondly, those who -possess the physical capacity and the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_96'>96</span>peculiar mental make-up necessary for -success in an employment far out of the -usual paths of civilized occupations. A -great many of these young men think of -ranching as a business which they might -possibly take up, and what I am about -to say<a id='r1'></a><a href='#f1' class='c015'><sup>[1]</sup></a> is meant as much for a warning -to one class as for advice to the other.</p> - -<div class='footnote' id='f1'> -<p class='c008'><a href='#r1'>1</a>. Written in 1896.</p> -</div> - -<div class='figleft id001'> -<img src='images/i_096.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>Ranching is a rather indefinite term. -In a good many parts of the West a ranch -simply means a farm; but I shall not use -it in this sense, since the advantages and -disadvantages of a farmer’s life, whether -it be led in New Jersey or Iowa, have -often been dwelt upon by men infinitely -more competent than I am to pass judgment. -Accordingly, when I speak of -ranching I shall mean some form of stock-raising -or sheep-farming as practised now -in the wilder parts of the United States, -where there is still plenty of land which, -because of the lack of rainfall, is not very -productive for agricultural purposes.</p> -<div id='fp_096' class='figcenter id004'> -<img src='images/fp_096.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic002'> -<p>COW-BOY AMUSEMENTS</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class='figright id001'> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_97'>97</span> -<img src='images/i_097.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>The first thing to be remembered by -any boy or young man who wishes to go -West and start life on a cattle ranch, -horse ranch, or sheep ranch is that he -must know the business thoroughly before -he can earn any salary to speak of, still -less start out on his own accord. A -great many young fellows apparently -think that a cow-boy is born and not made, -and that in order to become one all they -have to do is to wish very hard to be one. -Now, as a matter of fact, a young fellow -trained as a book-keeper would take quite -as long to learn the trade of a cow-boy -as the average cow-boy would take to -learn the trade of book-keeper. The first -thing that the beginner anywhere in the -wilder parts of the West has to learn is -the capacity to stand monotony, fatigue, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_98'>98</span>and hardship; the next thing is to learn -the nature of the country.</p> - -<div class='figleft id001'> -<img src='images/i_098.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>A young fellow from the East who has -been brought up on a farm, or who has -done hard manual labor as a machinist, -need not go through a novitiate of manual -labor in order to get accustomed to the -roughness that such labor implies; but -a boy just out of a high-school, or a -young clerk, will have to go through just -such a novitiate before he will be able to -command a dollar’s pay. Both alike will -have to learn the nature of the country, -and this can only be learned by actual -experience on the ground.</p> - -<p class='c008'>Again, the beginner must remember -that though there is occasional excitement -and danger in a ranchman’s life, -it is only occasional, while the monotony -of hard and regular toil is not often -broken. Except in the matter of fresh -air and freedom from crowding, a small -<span class='pageno' id='Page_99'>99</span>ranchman often leads a life of as grinding -hardness as the average dweller in a New -York tenement-house. His shelter is a -small log hut, or possibly a dugout in the -side of a bank, or in summer a shabby -tent. For food he will have to depend -mainly on the bread of his own baking, -on fried fat pork, and on coffee or tea -with sugar and no milk. Of course he -will occasionally have some canned stuff -or potatoes. The furniture of the hut is -of the roughest description—a roll of -blankets for bedding, a bucket, a tin -wash-basin, and a tin mug, with perhaps -a cracked looking-glass four inches square.</p> - -<div class='figright id001'> -<img src='images/i_099.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>He will not have much society of any -kind, and the society he does have is not -apt to be over-refined. If he is a lad of a -delicate, shrinking nature and fastidious -habits, he will find much that is uncomfortable, -and will need to show no small -amount of pluck and fortitude if he is to -<span class='pageno' id='Page_100'>100</span>hold his own. The work, too, is often -hard and often wearisome from mere -sameness. It is generally done on horseback -even on a sheep ranch, and always -on a cow ranch. The beginner must -learn to ride with indifference all kinds of -rough and dangerous horses before he -will be worth his keep.</p> - -<div class='figleft id001'> -<img src='images/i_100.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>With all this before him, the beginner -will speedily find out that life on a -Western ranch is very far from being a -mere holiday. A young man who desires -to start in the life ought, if possible, to -have with him a little money—just -enough to keep body and soul together—until -he can gain a foothold somewhere.</p> - -<p class='c008'>No specific directions can be given him -as to where to start. Wyoming, most -of Montana, the western edge of the -Dakotas, western Texas, and some portions -of the Rocky Mountain States still -offer chances for a man to go into the -ranch business. In different seasons in -the different localities business may be -good or bad, and it would be impossible -to tell where was the best place to start.</p> -<div id='fp_100' class='figcenter id004'> -<img src='images/fp_100.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic002'> -<p>TAILING A BULL</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class='figright id001'> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_101'>101</span> -<img src='images/i_101.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>Wherever the beginner goes, he ought -to make up his mind at the outset to -start by doing any kind of work he can. -Let him chop wood, hoe, do any chore -that will bring him in twenty-five cents. -If he is once able to start by showing that -he is willing to work hard and do something, -he can probably get employment of -some kind, although this employment will -almost certainly be very ill paid and not -attractive. Perhaps it will be to dig in -a garden, or to help one of the men drive -oxen, or to do the heavy work around -camp for some party of cow-punchers or -lumberers. Whatever it is, let the boy -go at it with all his might, and at the -same time take every opportunity to get -acquainted with the kind of life which he -<span class='pageno' id='Page_102'>102</span>intends ultimately to lead. If he wishes -to try to ride a horse, he will have -every chance, if for no other reason than -that he will continually meet men whose -ideas of fun are met by the spectacle of a -tenderfoot on a bucking bronco.</p> - -<div class='figleft id001'> -<img src='images/i_102.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>By degrees he will learn a good deal of -the ways of the life and of the country. -Then he must snatch the first chance that -offers itself to take a position in connection -with the regular work of a ranch. -He may be employed as a regular hand to -help cook on the ranch wagon, or taken -by a shepherd to do the hard and dirty -work which the shepherd would like to -put off on somebody else. When he has -once got as far as this his rise is certain, -if he is not afraid of labor, and keeps a -lookout for the opportunities that offer. -After a while he will have a horse himself, -and he will be employed as a second-rate -man to do the ordinary ranch work.</p> -<div id='fp_102' class='figcenter id004'> -<img src='images/fp_102.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic002'> -<p>“THERE IS A GREAT DEAL OF EXCITING GALLOPING”</p> -</div> -</div> - -<div class='figright id001'> -<span class='pageno' id='Page_103'>103</span> -<img src='images/i_103.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>Work on a sheep ranch is less attractive, -but more profitable than on any -other. A good deal of skill must be -shown by the shepherd in managing his -flock and in handling the sheep dogs; -but ordinarily it is appallingly dreary -to sit all day long in the sun, or loll about -in the saddle, watching the flocks of -fleecy idiots. In time of storm he must -work like a demon and know exactly -what to do, or his whole flock will die -before his eyes, sheep being as tender as -horses and cattle are tough.</p> - -<p class='c008'>With the work of a cow ranch or horse -ranch there comes more excitement. -Every man on such a ranch has a string -of eight or ten horses for his own riding, -and there is a great deal of exciting -galloping and hot riding across the plains; -and the work in a stampede at night, or -in line-riding during the winter, or in -breaking the fierce little horses to the -<span class='pageno' id='Page_104'>104</span>saddle, is as exciting as it is hard and -dangerous.</p> - -<div class='figleft id001'> -<img src='images/i_104.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>The wilder phases of the life, however, -are steadily passing away. Almost everywhere -great wire fences are being put up, -and no small part of the cow-boy’s duty -nowadays is to ride along the line of a -fence and repair it wherever broken. -Moreover, at present [1896] the business -of cattle or horse raising on the plains -does not pay well, and, except in peculiar -cases, can hardly be recommended -to a boy ambitious for his future.</p> - -<p class='c008'>So much for the unattractive reality -of ranch life. It would be unfair not to -point out that it has a very attractive -side also. If the boy is fond of open-air -exercise, and willing to risk tumbles that -may break an occasional bone, and to -endure at need heat and cold, hunger and -thirst, he will find much that is pleasant -in the early mornings on the great plains, -<span class='pageno' id='Page_105'>105</span>particularly on the rare days when he -is able to take a few hours’ holiday to -go with his shot-gun after prairie-chickens -or ducks, or, perchance, to ride out with -a Winchester rifle to a locality where on -one of his working days he has seen a -small band of antelope standing in the -open, or caught a glimpse of a deer -bounding through the brush. There is -little temptation to spend money, unless -he is addicted to the coarsest kind of -dissipation, and after a few years the -young fellow ought to have some hundreds -of dollars laid aside. By this -time he should know all about the -business and the locality, and should -be able to gauge just what he can accomplish.</p> - -<div class='figright id001'> -<img src='images/i_105.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>For a year or two perhaps he can try to -run a little outfit of his own in connection -with his work on a big ranch. Then he -will abandon the latter and start out entirely -<span class='pageno' id='Page_106'>106</span>on his own account. Disaster may -overtake him, as it may overtake any -business man; but if he wins success, even -though of a moderate kind, he has a -pleasant life before him, riding about over -the prairie among his own horses or cattle -or sheep, occasionally taking a day -off to go after game, and, while working -hard, not having to face the mere drudgery -which he had to encounter as a -tyro.</p> - -<div class='figleft id001'> -<img src='images/i_106.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<p class='c008'>The chances are very small that he will -ever gain great wealth; and when he -marries and has children of his own there -are many uncomfortable problems to face, -the chief being that of schools; but for a -young man in good health and of adventurous -temper the life is certainly pleasanter -than that of one cooped up in the -counting-room, and while it is not one to -be sought save by the very few who have -natural liking for it, and a natural -<span class='pageno' id='Page_107'>107</span>capacity to enjoy it and profit by it, still -for these few people it remains one of -the most attractive forms of existence -in America.</p> - -<div class='figright id001'> -<img src='images/i_107.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c003'> - <div>THE END</div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='pbb'> - <hr class='pb c004' /> -</div> -<div class='tnotes x-ebookmaker chapter'> - -<div class='chapter ph2'> - -<div class='nf-center-c0'> -<div class='nf-center c001'> - <div>TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES</div> - </div> -</div> - -</div> - - <ol class='ol_1 c003'> - <li>Silently corrected obvious typographical errors and variations in spelling. - - </li> - <li>Retained archaic, non-standard, and uncertain spellings as printed. - </li> - </ol> - -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK GOOD HUNTING; ***</div> -<div style='text-align:left'> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will -be renamed. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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