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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..91a27ab --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #67623 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/67623) diff --git a/old/67623-0.txt b/old/67623-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 14019b7..0000000 --- a/old/67623-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,6862 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of Sailors Narratives of Voyages Along -the New England Coast, 1524-1624, by Various - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: Sailors Narratives of Voyages Along the New England Coast, - 1524-1624 - -Author: Various - -Editor: George Parker Winship - -Release Date: March 13, 2022 [eBook #67623] - -Language: English - -Produced by: Steve Mattern, John Campbell and the Online Distributed - Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was - produced from images generously made available by The - Internet Archive) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SAILORS NARRATIVES OF VOYAGES -ALONG THE NEW ENGLAND COAST, 1524-1624 *** - - - - - - TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE - - This book was published in 1905; only 440 copies were printed. - - The first chapter, Verrazano’s voyage in 1524, is a modern - translation of the original Italian. The other chapters are literal - reproductions of their original English publications, and so retain - the spelling, the hyphenation and punctuation seen in those books. - - This etext maintains this careful reproduction of the original English - text. Variant spellings of names and place names have not been changed. - - The Sidenotes, created by the editor G. P. Winship, have been - inserted in-line, and are delimited by ♦. The first Sidenote for - example (page 3) is ♦_January 1524_♦. - - Italic text is denoted by _underscores_. - - A superscript is denoted by ^x, for example M^r or y^e. - - A double space, in the narrative of the Popham voyage (pp. 155-175), - is denoted by ·· and indicates, in most cases, the start of a new - sentence. - - Multiple spaces in a paragraph are denoted by ······· and indicate - a blank space in the original text for a missing name or date. - - Three minor changes have been made to the etext: - Page 27: ‘Com of _Essex_’ has a ~ (tilde) over the m in the - original text. - Page 123: ‘assoone as they’ replaced by ‘as soone as they’. - Page 155 Sidenote: ‘♦_1605 June_♦’ replaced by ‘♦_1607 June_♦’. - - - - - SAILORS NARRATIVES - - OF VOYAGES - - along - - The New England Coast - - 1524-1624 - - - [Illustration: _John Smith’s Map of New England_ (1616)] - - - - - SAILORS - - Narratives - - OF VOYAGES - - _along the_ - - New England Coast - - 1524-1624 - - _With notes by_ GEORGE PARKER WINSHIP - _of the_ JOHN CARTER BROWN _Library_ - - [Illustration: (ship at sea)] - - _BOSTON_ - - Published by _Houghton, Mifflin & Company_ - - 1905 - - - - - COPYRIGHT 1905 BY HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO. - - ALL RIGHTS RESERVED - - - FOUR HUNDRED AND FORTY COPIES PRINTED - - NUMBER - - [Illustration: (339; handwritten) - - (signature of Bruce Rogers; graphic designer of this book)] - - - - -CONTENTS - - - GIOVANNI DA VERRAZANO, 1524 - _Narragansett Bay_ 1 - - DAVID INGRAM, 1568 - _Maine_ 25 - - BARTHOLOMEW GOSNOLD, 1602 - _Buzzard’s Bay_ 31 - - MARTIN PRING, 1603 - _Plymouth Harbour_ 51 - - SAMUEL DE CHAMPLAIN, 1605 - _Maine and Massachusetts_ 65 - - GEORGE WAYMOUTH, 1605 - _St. George’s River_ 99 - - GEORGE POPHAM AND RALEGH GILBERT, 1607 - _Kenebeck River_ 153 - - HENRY HUDSON, 1609 - _Penobscot and the Fishing Banks_ 177 - - SAMUEL ARGALL, 1610 - _Penobscot Bay_ 193 - - JOHN SMITH, 1614 - _Monhegan_ 211 - - THOMAS DERMER, 1619 - _Maine and Cape Cod_ 249 - - CHRISTOPHER LEVETT, 1624 - _York and Portland_ 259 - - - - -LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS - - - JOHN SMITH’S MAP OF NEW ENGLAND _Frontispiece_ - - _From Smith’s Description of New England, London, 1616._ - (_Reduced_) - - FACSIMILE TITLE-PAGE OF BRERETON’S BRIEFE AND - TRUE RELATION 32 - - _This book, published in 1602, gives an account of the - voyage of Bartholomew Gosnold, and is the earliest book - in English relating to New England_ - - MAP OF PORT ST. LOUIS (PLYMOUTH BAY) 52 - - _From Champlain’s Voyages, 1613 Edition_ - - MAP OF THE MOUTH OF THE KENNEBEC 66 - - _From Champlain’s Voyages, 1613 Edition_ - - FACSIMILE TITLE-PAGE OF ROSIER’S TRUE RELATION 100 - - _This book, published in 1605, gives an account of the - voyage of George Waymouth, and is the second book in - English relating to New England_ - - FACSIMILE TITLE-PAGE OF SMITH’S DESCRIPTION OF - NEW ENGLAND, 1616 212 - - _It is in this book that the name “New England” first - occurs, being substituted by Captain Smith for “North - Virginia”_ - - - - -Giovanni da Verrazano - -1524 - -NARRAGANSETT BAY - - GIOVANNI DA VERRAZANO, _a Florentine sailor in the service of - France who had attracted the royal attention by his successful - attacks on Spanish commerce, was commissioned by Francis I, in the - spring of 1523, to cross the Atlantic in search for a sea route - to Cathay. In April, the agents of Spain in France notified their - government that Verrazano was ready to start. Two months later, the - Spanish authorities learned that he had returned to La Rochelle, - bringing the captured vessels in which Cortes had shipped the - treasure gathered from the Aztec lords of Mexico. The proposed - voyage of discovery was not, however, merely a blind for this - attack on the Spanish West Indian fleet. Verrazano refitted his - ships and made a second start, only to be driven back by a Biscayan - storm. With his single remaining seaworthy vessel, he finally got - away for the West. In March, 1524, land was sighted, probably - near Cape Fear, on the Carolina coast. After looking in vain for - a harbour toward the south, he turned northward and followed the - shore line as far as Maine or Nova Scotia._ - - _Verrazano arrived in Dieppe before the eighth of July, the date - of his report to the King. An Italian version of this letter was - printed at Venice in 1556 by Ramusio, from whose “Navigationi” it - was translated into English by Hakluyt, for his “Divers Voyages,” - printed in 1582. A somewhat different contemporary manuscript copy, - also in Italian, is preserved at Florence. This was printed by the - New York Historical Society in 1841, with a translation which has - been revised for the present volume._ - - -[Illustration: (Decorative banner)] - - GIOVANNI DA VERRAZANO _to his Most Serene Majesty the_ KING _of_ - FRANCE. - -SINCE the tempests which we encountered on the northern coasts, I -have not written to your most Serene and Christian Majesty concerning -the four ships sent out by your orders on the ocean to discover new -lands, because I thought you must have been before apprized of all -that had happened to us--that we had been compelled by the impetuous -violence of the winds to put into Brittany in distress with only -the two ships Normandy and Dauphine; and that after having repaired -these ships, we made a cruise in them, well armed, along the coast -of Spain, as your Majesty must have heard, and also of our new plan -of continuing our intended voyage with the Dauphine alone; being now -returned from this voyage, I proceed to give your Majesty an account -of our discoveries. - -On the 17th of last January we set sail from a desolate rock near -the island of Madeira, ♦_January 1524_♦ belonging to his most Serene -Majesty, the King of Portugal, with fifty men, having provisions -sufficient for eight months, arms and other warlike munition and -naval stores. Sailing westward with a light and pleasant easterly -breeze, in twenty-five days we ran eight hundred leagues. On the 14th -of February we encountered as violent a hurricane as any ship ever -weathered, from which we escaped unhurt by the divine assistance and -goodness, to the praise of the glorious and fortunate name of our -good ship, that had been able to support the violent tossing of the -waves. Pursuing our voyage towards the West, a little northwardly, in -twenty-four days more, ♦_March_♦ having run four hundred leagues, we -reached a new country, which had never before been seen by any one, -either in ancient or modern times. At first it appeared to be very -low, ♦_Carolina Coast_♦ but on approaching it to within a quarter of -a league from the shore we perceived, by the great fires near the -coast, that it was inhabited. We perceived that it stretched to the -south, and coasted along in that direction in search of some port, -in which we might come to anchor, and examine into the nature of -the country, but for fifty leagues we could find none in which we -could lie securely. Seeing the coast still stretch to the south, we -resolved to change our course and stand to the northward, and as we -still had the same difficulty, we drew in with the land and sent a -boat on shore. Many people who were seen coming to the sea-side fled -at our approach, but occasionally stopping, they looked back upon -us with astonishment, and some were at length induced, by various -friendly signs, to come to us. These showed the greatest delight on -beholding us, wondering at our dress, countenances and complexion. -They then showed us by signs where we could more conveniently secure -our boat, and offered us some of their provisions. That your Majesty -may know all that we learned, while on shore, of their manners and -customs of life, I will relate what we saw as briefly as possible. -They go entirely naked, except that about the loins they wear skins -of small animals like martens fastened by a girdle of plaited grass, -to which they tie, all round the body, the tails of other animals -hanging down to the knees; all other parts of the body and the head -are naked. Some wear garlands similar to birds’ feathers. - -The complexion of these people is black, not much different from -that of the Ethiopians; their hair is black and thick, and not very -long, it is worn tied back upon the head in the form of a little -tail. In person they are of good proportions, of middle stature, a -little above our own, broad across the breast, strong in the arms, -and well formed in the legs and other parts of the body; the only -exception to their good looks is that they have broad faces, but not -all, however, as we saw many that had sharp ones, with large black -eyes and a fixed expression. They are not very strong in body, but -acute in mind, active and swift of foot, as far as we could judge by -observation. In these last two particulars they resemble the people -of the east, especially those the most remote. We could not learn a -great many particulars of their usages on account of our short stay -among them, and the distance of our ship from the shore. - -We found not far from this people another whose mode of life we -judged to be similar. The whole shore is covered with fine sand, -about fifteen feet thick, rising in the form of little hills about -fifty paces broad. Ascending farther, we found several arms of the -sea which make in through inlets, washing the shores on both sides as -the coast runs. An outstretched country appears at a little distance -♦_The Carolinas_♦ rising somewhat above the sandy shore in beautiful -fields and broad plains, covered with immense forests of trees, -more or less dense, too various in colours, and too delightful and -charming in appearance to be described. I do not believe that they -are like the Hercynian forest or the rough wilds of Scythia, and the -northern regions full of vines and common trees, but adorned with -palms, laurels, cypresses, and other varieties unknown in Europe, -that send forth the sweetest fragrance to a great distance, but which -we could not examine more closely for the reasons before given, and -not on account of any difficulty in traversing the woods, which, on -the contrary, are easily penetrated. - -As the Orient stretches around this country, I think it cannot be -devoid of the same medicinal and aromatic drugs, and various riches -of gold and the like, as is denoted by the colour of the ground. -It abounds also in animals, as deer, stags, hares, and many other -similar, and with a great variety of birds for every kind of pleasant -and delightful sport. It is plentifully supplied with lakes and -ponds of running water, and being in the latitude of 34, the air is -salubrious, pure and temperate, and free from the extremes of both -heat and cold. There are no violent winds in these regions, the -most prevalent are the north-west and west. In summer, the season -in which we were there, the sky is clear, with but little rain: if -fogs and mists are at any time driven in by the south wind, they are -immediately dissipated, and at once it becomes serene and bright -again. The sea is calm, not boisterous, and its waves are gentle. -Although the whole coast is low and without harbours, it is not -dangerous for navigation, being free from rocks and bold, so that -within four or five fathoms from the shore there is twenty-four feet -of water at all times of tide, and this depth constantly increases in -a uniform proportion. The holding ground is so good that no ship can -part her cable, however violent the wind, as we proved by experience; -for while riding at anchor on the coast, we were overtaken by a gale -in the beginning of March, when the winds are high, as is usual in -all countries, we found our anchor broken before it started from its -hold or moved at all. - -We set sail from this place, continuing to coast along the shore, -which we found stretching out to the west; ♦_North Carolina_♦ the -inhabitants being numerous, we saw everywhere a multitude of fires. -While at anchor on this coast, there being no harbour to enter, -we sent the boat on shore with twenty-five men to obtain water, -but it was not possible to land without endangering the boat, on -account of the immense high surf thrown up by the sea, as it was an -open roadstead. Many of the natives came to the beach, indicating -by various friendly signs that we might trust ourselves on shore. -One of their noble deeds of friendship deserves to be made known -to your Majesty. A young sailor was attempting to swim ashore -through the surf to carry them some knick-knacks, as little bells, -looking-glasses, and other like trifles; when he came near three -or four of them he tossed the things to them, and turned about to -get back to the boat, but he was thrown over by the waves, and so -dashed by them that he lay as it were dead upon the beach. When -these people saw him in this situation, they ran and took him up -by the head, legs and arms, and carried him to a distance from the -surf; the young man, finding himself borne off in this way, uttered -very loud shrieks in fear and dismay, while they answered as they -could in their language, showing him that he had no cause for fear. -Afterwards they laid him down at the foot of a little hill, when they -took off his shirt and trowsers, and examined him, expressing the -greatest astonishment at the whiteness of his skin. Our sailors in -the boat seeing a great fire made up, and their companion placed very -near it, full of fear, as is usual in all cases of novelty, imagined -that the natives were about to roast him for food. But as soon as he -had recovered his strength after a short stay with them, showing by -signs that he wished to return aboard, they hugged him with great -affection, and accompanied him to the shore, then leaving him, that -he might feel more secure, they withdrew to a little hill, from -which they watched him until he was safe in the boat. This young man -remarked that these people were black like the others, that they had -shining skins, middle stature, and sharper faces, and very delicate -bodies and limbs, and that they were inferior in strength, but quick -in their minds; this is all that he observed of them. - -Departing hence, and always following the shore, which stretched to -the north, we came, in the space of fifty leagues, to another land, -♦_Delaware and New Jersey Coast_♦ which appeared very beautiful and -full of the largest forests. We approached it, and going ashore with -twenty men, we went back from the coast about two leagues, and found -that the people had fled and hid themselves in the woods for fear. -By searching around we discovered in the grass a very old woman -and a young girl of about eighteen or twenty, who had concealed -themselves for the same reason; the old woman carried two infants on -her shoulders, and behind her neck a little boy eight years of age; -when we came up to them they began to shriek and make signs to the -men who had fled to the woods. We gave them a part of our provisions, -which they accepted with delight, but the girl would not touch any; -every thing we offered to her being thrown down in great anger. We -took the little boy from the old woman to carry with us to France, -and would have taken the girl also, who was very beautiful and very -tall, but it was impossible because of the loud shrieks she uttered -as we attempted to lead her away; having to pass some woods, and -being far from the ship, we determined to leave her and take the boy -only. We found them fairer than the others, and wearing a covering -made of certain plants, which hung down from the branches of the -trees, tying them together with threads of wild hemp; their heads are -without covering and of the same shape as the others. Their food is a -kind of pulse which there abounds, different in colour and size from -ours, and of a very delicious flavour. Besides they take birds and -fish for food, using snares and bows made of hard wood, with reeds -for arrows, in the ends of which they put the bones of fish and other -animals. The animals in these regions are wilder than in Europe from -being continually molested by the hunters. We saw many of their boats -made of one tree twenty feet long and four feet broad, without the -aid of stone or iron or other kind of metal. In the whole country for -the space of two hundred leagues, which we visited, we saw no stone -of any sort. To hollow out their boats they burn out as much of a -log as is requisite, and also from the prow and stern to make them -float well on the sea. The land, in situation, fertility and beauty, -is like the other, abounding also in forests filled with various -kinds of trees, but not of such fragrance, as it is more northern and -colder. - -We saw in this country many vines growing naturally, which entwine -about the trees, and run up upon them as they do in the plains of -Lombardy. These vines would doubtless produce excellent wine if they -were properly cultivated and attended to, as we have often seen the -grapes which they produce very sweet and pleasant, and not unlike -our own. They must be held in estimation by them, as they carefully -remove the shrubbery from around them, wherever they grow, to allow -the fruit to ripen better. We found also wild roses, violets, lilies, -and many sorts of plants and fragrant flowers different from our own. -We cannot describe their habitations, as they are in the interior of -the country, but from various indications we conclude they must be -formed of trees and shrubs. We saw also many grounds for conjecturing -that they often sleep in the open air, without any covering but the -sky. Of their other usages we know nothing; we believe, however, that -all the people we were among live in the same way. - -After having remained here three days, riding at anchor on the coast, -as we could find no harbour we determined to depart, and coast along -the shore to the north-east, keeping sail on the vessel only by day, -and coming to anchor by night. After proceeding one hundred leagues, -we found a very pleasant situation among some steep hills, through -which a very large river, deep at its mouth, forced its way to the -sea; ♦_New York Harbour_♦ from the sea to the estuary of the river, -any ship heavily laden might pass, with the help of the tide, which -rises eight feet. But as we were riding at anchor in a good berth, -we would not venture up in our vessel, without a knowledge of the -mouth; therefore we took the boat, and entering the river, we found -the country on its banks well peopled, the inhabitants not differing -much from the others, being dressed out with the feathers of birds -of various colours. They came towards us with evident delight, -raising loud shouts of admiration, and showing us where we could most -securely land with our boat. We passed up this river, about half a -league, when we found it formed a most beautiful lake three leagues -in circuit, upon which they were rowing thirty or more of their -small boats, from one shore to the other, filled with multitudes who -came to see us. All of a sudden, as is wont to happen to navigators, -a violent contrary wind blew in from the sea, and forced us to -return to our ship, greatly regretting to leave this region which -seemed so commodious and delightful, and which we supposed must -also contain great riches, as the hills showed many indications of -minerals. Weighing anchor, we sailed fifty leagues toward the east, -as the coast stretched in that direction, and always in sight of it; -♦_Block Island_♦ at length we discovered an island of a triangular -form, about ten leagues from the mainland, in size about equal to -the island of Rhodes, having many hills covered with trees, and well -peopled, judging from the great number of fires which we saw all -around its shores; we gave it the name of your Majesty’s illustrious -mother. - -We did not land there, as the weather was unfavourable, but proceeded -to another place, fifteen leagues distant from the island, where we -found a very excellent harbour. ♦_Newport Harbour_♦ Before entering -it, we saw about twenty small boats full of people, who came about -our ship, uttering many cries of astonishment, but they would not -approach nearer than within fifty paces; stopping, they looked at -the structure of our ship, our persons and dress, afterwards they -all raised a loud shout together, signifying that they were pleased. -By imitating their signs, we inspired them in some measure with -confidence, so that they came near enough for us to toss to them -some little bells and glasses, and many toys, which they took and -looked at, laughing, and then came on board without fear. Among -them were two kings more beautiful in form and stature than can -possibly be described; one was about forty years old, the other about -twenty-four, and they were dressed in the following manner: The -oldest had a deer’s skin around his body, artificially wrought in -damask figures, his head was without covering, his hair was tied back -in various knots; around his neck he wore a large chain ornamented -with many stones of different colours. The young man was similar -in his general appearance. This is the finest looking tribe, and -the handsomest in their costumes, that we have found in our voyage. -They exceed us in size, and they are of a very fair complexion; -some of them incline more to a white, and others to a tawny colour; -their faces are sharp, their hair long and black, upon the adorning -of which they bestow great pains; their eyes are black and sharp, -their expression mild and pleasant, greatly resembling the antique. -I say nothing to your Majesty of the other parts of the body, which -are all in good proportion, and such as belong to well-formed men. -Their women are of the same form and beauty, very graceful, of fine -countenances and pleasing appearance in manners and modesty; they -wear no clothing except a deer skin, ornamented like those worn by -the men; some wear very rich lynx skins upon their arms, and various -ornaments upon their heads, composed of braids of hair, which also -hang down upon their breasts on each side. Others wear different -ornaments, such as the women of Egypt and Syria use. The older and -the married people, both men and women, wear many ornaments in their -ears, hanging down in the oriental manner. We saw upon them several -pieces of wrought copper, which is more esteemed by them than gold, -as this is not valued on account of its colour, but is considered by -them as the most ordinary of the metals--yellow being the colour -especially disliked by them; azure and red are those in highest -estimation with them. Of those things which we gave them, they prized -most highly the bells, azure crystals, and other toys to hang in -their ears and about their necks; they do not value or care to have -silk or gold stuffs, or other kinds of cloth, nor implements of steel -or iron. When we showed them our arms, they expressed no admiration, -and only asked how they were made; the same was the case with the -looking-glasses, which they returned to us, smiling, as soon as they -had looked at them. They are very generous, giving away whatever they -have. We formed a great friendship with them, and one day we entered -into the port with our ship, having before rode at the distance of -a league from the shore, as the weather was adverse. They came off -to the ship with a number of their little boats, with their faces -painted in divers colours, showing us real signs of joy, bringing -us of their provisions, and signifying to us where we could best -ride in safety with our ship, and keeping with us until we had cast -anchor. We remained among them fifteen days, to provide ourselves -with many things of which we were in want, during which time they -came every day to see our ship, bringing with them their wives, -of whom they were very careful; for, although they came on board -themselves, and remained a long while, they made their wives stay in -the boats, nor could we ever get them on board by any entreaties or -any presents we could make them. One of the two kings often came with -his queen and many attendants, to see us for his amusement; but he -always stopped at the distance of about two hundred paces, and sent -a boat to inform us of his intended visit, saying they would come -and see our ship--this was done for safety, and as soon as they had -an answer from us they came off, and remained awhile to look around; -but on hearing the annoying cries of the sailors, the king sent the -queen, with her attendants, in a very light boat, to wait, near an -island a quarter of a league distant from us, while he remained a -long time on board, talking with us by signs, and expressing his -fanciful notions about every thing in the ship, and asking the use of -all. After imitating our modes of salutation, and tasting our food, -he courteously took leave of us. Sometimes, when our men stayed two -or three days on a small island, near the ship, for their various -necessities, as sailors are wont to do, he came with seven or eight -of his attendants, to inquire about our movements, often asking us -if we intended to remain there long, and offering us everything at -his command, and then he would shoot with his bow, and run up and -down with his people, making great sport for us. We often went five -or six leagues into the interior, and found the country as pleasant -as is possible to conceive, adapted to cultivation of every kind, -whether of corn, wine or oil; there are open plains twenty-five -or thirty leagues in extent, entirely free from trees or other -hindrances, and of so great fertility, that whatever is sown there -will yield an excellent crop. On entering the woods, we observed -that they might all be traversed by an army ever so numerous; the -trees of which they were composed, were oaks, cypresses, and others -unknown in Europe. We found, also, apples, plumbs, filberts, and many -other fruits, but all of a different kind from ours. The animals, -which are in great numbers, as stags, deer, lynxes, and many other -species, are taken by snares, and by bows, the latter being their -chief implement; their arrows are wrought with great beauty, and for -the heads of them, they use emery, jasper, hard marble, and other -sharp stones, in the place of iron. They also use the same kind of -sharp stones in cutting down trees, and with them they construct -their boats of single logs, hollowed out with admirable skill, and -sufficiently commodious to contain ten or twelve persons; their -oars are short, and broad at the end, and are managed in rowing by -force of the arms alone, with perfect security, and as nimbly as -they choose. We saw their dwellings, which are of a circular form, -of about ten or twelve paces in circumference, made of logs split -in halves, without any regularity of architecture, and covered with -roofs of straw, nicely put on, which protect them from wind and rain. -There is no doubt that they could build stately edifices if they -had workmen as skilful as ours, for the whole sea-coast abounds in -shining stones, crystals, and alabaster, and for the same reason it -has coverts and retreats for animals. They change their habitations -from place to place as circumstances of situation and season may -require; this is easily done, as they have only to take with them -their mats, and they have other houses prepared at once. The father -and the whole family dwell together in one house in great numbers; in -some we saw twenty-five or thirty persons. Their food is pulse, as -with the other tribes, which is here better than elsewhere, and more -carefully cultivated; in the time of sowing they are governed by the -moon, the sprouting of grain, and many other ancient usages. They -live by hunting and fishing, and they are long-lived. If they fall -sick, they cure themselves without medicine, by the heat of the fire, -and their death at last comes from extreme old age. We judge them to -be very affectionate and charitable towards their relatives--making -loud lamentations in their adversity, and in their misery calling -to mind all their good fortune. At their departure out of life, -their relations mutually join in weeping, mingled with singing, -for a long while. This is all that we could learn of them. This -region is situated in the parallel of Rome, being 41° 40′ of north -latitude, but much colder from accidental circumstances, and not by -nature, as I shall hereafter explain to your Majesty, and confine -myself at present to the description of its local situation. It -looks towards the south, on which side the harbour is half a league -broad; afterwards, upon entering it, the extent between the coast and -north is twelve leagues, and then enlarging itself it forms a very -large bay, twenty leagues in circumference, in which are five small -islands, of great fertility and beauty, covered with large and lofty -trees. ♦_Narragansett Bay_♦ Among these islands any fleet, however -large, might ride safely, without fear of tempests or other dangers. -Turning towards the south, at the entrance of the harbour, on both -sides, there are very pleasant hills, and many streams of clear -water, which flow down to the sea. In the midst of the entrance, -there is a rock of freestone, formed by nature, and suitable for the -construction of any kind of machine or bulwark for the defence of the -harbour. - -Having supplied ourselves with every thing necessary, on the fifth -of May we departed from the port, and sailed one hundred and fifty -leagues, keeping so close to the coast as never to lose it from our -sight; the nature of the country appeared much the same as before, -but the mountains were a little higher, and all in appearance rich in -minerals. We did not stop to land as the weather was very favourable -for pursuing our voyage, and the country presented no variety. ♦_Cape -Cod_♦ The shore stretched to the east, and fifty leagues beyond more -to the north, where we found a more elevated country, full of very -thick woods of fir trees, cypresses and the like, indicative of a -cold climate. The people were entirely different from the others we -had seen, whom we had found kind and gentle, but these were so rude -and barbarous that we were unable by any signs we could make, to -hold communication with them. They clothe themselves in the skins -of bears, lynxes, seals and other animals. Their food, as far as -we could judge by several visits to their dwellings, is obtained -by hunting and fishing, and certain fruits, which are a sort of -root of spontaneous growth. They have no pulse, and we saw no signs -of cultivation; the land appears sterile and unfit for growing of -fruit or grain of any kind. If we wished at any time to traffick -with them, they came to the sea shore and stood upon the rocks, from -which they lowered down by a cord to our boats beneath whatever -they had to barter, continually crying out to us, not to come -nearer, and instantly demanding from us that which was to be given -in exchange; they took from us only knives, fish hooks and sharpened -steel. No regard was paid to our courtesies; when we had nothing -left to exchange with them, the men at our departure made the most -brutal signs of disdain and contempt possible. Against their will we -penetrated two or three leagues into the interior with twenty-five -men; when we came to the shore, they shot at us with their arrows, -raising the most horrible cries and afterwards fleeing to the woods. -In this region we found nothing extraordinary except vast forests and -some metalliferous hills, as we infer from seeing that many of the -people wore copper earrings. Departing from thence, we kept along -the coast, steering north-east, and found the country more pleasant -and open, free from woods, and distant in the interior we saw lofty -mountains, but none which extended to the shore. Within fifty leagues -we discovered thirty-two islands, ♦_Coast of Maine_♦ all near the -main land, small and of pleasant appearance, but high and so disposed -as to afford excellent harbours and channels, as we see in the -Adriatic gulph, near Illyria and Dalmatia. We had no intercourse with -the people, but we judge that they were similar in nature and usages -to those we were last among. After sailing between east and north -the distance of one hundred and fifty leagues more, and finding our -provisions and naval stores nearly exhausted, we took in wood and -water and determined to return to France, having discovered 502, that -is 700 leagues of unknown lands. - -As to the religious faith of all these tribes, not understanding -their language, we could not discover either by sign or gestures any -thing certain. It seemed to us that they had no religion nor laws, -nor any knowledge of a First Cause or Mover, that they worshipped -neither the heavens, stars, sun, moon nor other planets; nor could -we learn if they were given to any kind of idolatry, or offered any -sacrifices or supplications, or if they have temples or houses of -prayer in their villages;--our conclusion was, that they have no -religious belief whatever, but live in this respect entirely free. -All which proceeds from ignorance, as they are very easy to be -persuaded, and imitated us with earnestness and fervour in all which -they saw us do as Christians in our acts of worship. - -On board the ship Dauphine, in the port of Dieppe in Normandy, the -8th of July, 1524. - - Your humble servitor, - JOHN DE VERRAZZANO. - - - - -David Ingram - -1568 - -MAINE - - DAVID INGRAM _was one of the companions of Sir John Hawkins, when - he was forced to take refuge from a storm in the Mexican harbour - of San Juan de Ulua, in the autumn of 1568. After several days of - amicable traffic for the slaves brought by Hawkins from Africa, the - English ships were suddenly attacked by an overpowering Spanish - force. Hawkins succeeded in gathering most of his men into two of - the vessels, and in fighting his way out of the harbour. The escape - from danger was only temporary, however, for the two ships were - so overcrowded that it quickly became evident that they could not - possibly make the voyage across the Atlantic to England. About a - hundred men were therefore set on shore, on the northern coast of - the Gulf of Mexico. Three of these men succeeded in making their - way across the central and eastern portion of what is now the - United States. A French fur-trader found them somewhere on the - eastern Maine coast and carried them back to Europe._ - - _One of these trans-continental wanderers, David Ingram, wrote - an account of his adventures, in which he mingled much fiction - with some probable truth. The paragraphs reprinted here contain - the most plausible portion of his narrative. There are numerous - contemporary manuscript copies of Ingram’s narrative, testifying to - the curiosity which it excited at the time. It was first printed in - 1582 by Hakluyt, who omitted it from his subsequent publications - because of its dubious veracity._ - - -[Illustration: (Decorative banner)] - - THE Relacon of _Davyd Ingram_ of _Barkinge_ in the Com of _Essex_ - Saylor, being nowe abowt the age of fortye yeares, of sundrye - thinges which he with others did see in Travelinge by lande from - the moste northerlie parte of the Baye of _Mezico_ where he with - many others weare sett on shoare by M^r _Hawkyns_ throughe a greate - parte of _Ameryca_ vntill they came within fivetye leagues or - theraboutes of Cape _Britton_ which he reported vnto Sr. _ffrauncys - Walsingham_ Kt. her Majesties principall Secretarye and to Sr. - _George Peckham_ Knight and dyuers others of good iudgment and - Creditt in August and September Anno Domini 1582. - -ABOUTE the beginninge of Octobar Anno Domini 1568 ♦_1568 October_♦ -Davyd Ingram with the reste of his Company beinge an C. [i. e. 100] -persons in all weare sett on lande by Mr. John Hawkyns about sixe -leagues to the weste of the Ryvar Camina or Rio de Mynas which -standethe aboute 140 leagues weste and by northe from the Cape of -floryda he hathe travayled in those Countryes from beyonde terra -florida extendinge towardes the Cape Britton about eleaven monethes -in the whole, and aboute seaven monethes therof in those Countryes -which lye towardes the northe of the Ryu of Maii. In which tyme as -the saide Ingram thincketh he travayled by land 2000 myles at the -leaste, and never contynued in any one place above 3 or 4. daies -savinge onlye at the Cyttie of Balma where he stayed VI or VII. daies. - - * * * * * - -After longe travayle the foresaid Davyd Ingram with his twoe -Companions Browne and Twyde came to the head of a Ryvar called Gugida -♦_St. John River_♦ which is 60 leagues weste from Cape Britton where -they vnderstode by the people of that Countrye, of the arryvall of -a Christyan, whervppon they made there repayer to the Sea syde, and -there founde a frenche Capitaine named Mounsieur Champaine whoe toke -them into his Shippe and brought them vnto Newhaven, and from thence -they weare transported into England Anno Domini 1569. - -This Mounsieur Champaine with dyvers of his Company was brought into -the village of Baryniathe aboute twentye myles vpp into the Countrye -by the saide Ex^t and his twoe Companions by whose meanes he had a -trade with the people, of dyvers sortes of fyne furres and of great -redde leaves of Trees almoste a yarde longe and aboute a foote broade -which he thincketh are good for dyenge. - -Alsoe the saide Mounsieur Champaine had there for exchange of -tryflinge wares a good quantytie of rude and vnwrought sylver. - -He saieth furthar that dyvers of the saide frenche men which weare -in the saide Shippe called the Gargaryne, are yet lyvinge in ······· -vppon the Coaste of ffraunce as he thincketh, for he did speake with -some of them within these three yeares. - -Aboute a fortnight after there cominge from Newhaven into England -this Ex^t and his twoe Companyons came to Mr. John Hawkyns whoe had -sett them on shoare vppon the Baye of Mezico, and vnto eache of them -he gave a Rewarde. - -Richard Browne his Companyon was slayne aboute five yeares paste in -the Elizabeth of Mr. Cockens of London, and Richard Twyde his other -Companyon dyed at Ratclif in John Sherwoodes howse there aboute three -yeares paste. - -Grando is a word of salutacion, as amonge vs good morrowe good even -god save you, and such like. - -Garriccona a Kinge. - -Garraccona a Lorde. - -Tona Bredde. - -Carningnaz, the privyties. - -Kerrucca the sonne. - -Alsoe the saide Davyd Ingram travelinge towardes the northe founde -the mayne Sea vppon the northe syde of Ameryca, ♦_Great Lakes_♦ and -travayled in the sighte therof the space of twoe whole dayes, where -the people signifyed vnto him that they had seene Shippes on that -Coaste and did drawe vppon the grounde the Shape and signe of Shippes -and of there Sales and flagges which thinge especyallye provethe the -passage of the northe weste and is agreable to the experyence of the -Spanishe Captaine Vasques de Coronado, founde a Shippe of China or -Caytaia vppon the northe weste of Ameryca. - - - - -Bartholomew Gosnold - -1602 - -BUZZARD’S BAY - - BARTHOLOMEW GOSNOLD _and Bartholomew Gilbert, the latter a son - of Sir Humphrey, visited the south-eastern New England coast in - the summer of 1602, for the purpose of finding out what chances - there were for profitable trading in that region. They probably - chose this locality because it had not before been explored by - English sailors, and because they sailed without a license from - Sir Walter Ralegh, to whom had been granted the exclusive right of - English trade with that part of the world. Had they succeeded in - returning undetected to England, nobody to-day would know anything - about the details of their voyage. A sudden drop in the price of - sassafras showed Ralegh that something was wrong, and investigation - soon brought their cargo to light. As some men prominent in the - court circle had taken shares in the Gosnold-Gilbert venture, - a compromise was arranged to avoid public scandal, and Ralegh - allowed the report to go out that he had authorized the voyage. An - account of the voyage, written by John Brereton, was published for - circulation among those who it was hoped might subscribe toward the - cost of equipping another expedition to the same locality._ - - -[Illustration: _Earliest English Book relating to New England_ - - A - Briefe and true Relation of - the Discouerie of the North - part of _Virginia_; being a - most pleasant, fruitfull - and commodious - soile: - - Made this present yeere 1602, by - Captaine _Bartholomew Gosnold_, Captaine - _Bartholowmew Gilbert_, and diuers - other gentlemen their associates, by the - permission of the honourable knight, - Sir WALTER RALEGH, &c. - - _Written by M._ John Brereton - _one of the voyage_. - - Whereunto is annexed a Treatise, - of M. _Edward Hayes_, conteining important - inducements for the planting in those - parts, and finding a passage that - way to the South sea, - and _China_. - - _With diuers instructions of speciall moment - newly added in this second impression._ - - LONDINI, - _Impensis_ Geor. Bishop. - 1602.] - - -[Illustration: (Decorative banner)] - - TO THE HONOURABLE Sir WALTER RALEGH, _Kt., Captaine of her_ - Maiesties Guards, Lord Warden of the Stanneries, Lieutenant of - _Cornwall_, and Gouernour of the Isle of _Jersey_. - -HONOURABLE sir, being earnestly requested by a deere friend, ♦_1602_♦ -to put downe in writing, some true relation of our late performed -voyage to the North parts of _Virginia_; at length I resolued to -satisfie his request, who also imboldened me, to direct the same to -your honourable consideration; to whom indeed of duetie it perteineth. - -May it please your Lordship therefore to understand, that upon the -sixe and twentieth of March _1602_, ♦_March_♦ being Friday, we went -from _Falmouth_, being in all, two & thirtie persons, in a small -barke of _Dartmouth_, called The _Concord_, holding a course for the -North part of Virginia: and although by chance the winde fauoured -vs not at first as we wished, but inforced vs so farre to the -Southward, as we fell with _S. Marie_, one of the islands of the -_Açores_ (which was not much out of our way) yet holding our course -directly from thence, we made our iourney shorter (than hitherto -accustomed) by the better part of a thousand leagues, yet were wee -longer in our passage than we expected; which happened, for that our -barke being weake, we were loth to presse her with much saile; also, -our sailers being few, and they none of the best, we bare (except in -faire weather) but low saile; besides, our going vpon an vnknowen -coast, made vs not ouer-bolde to stand in with the shore, but in open -weather; which caused vs to be certeine daies in sounding, before we -discouered the coast, the weather being by chance, somewhat foggie. -♦_May_♦ But on Friday the foureteenth of May, early in the morning, -we made the land, being full of faire trees, the land somewhat low, -certeine hummocks or hilles lying into the land, the shore ful of -white sand, but very stony or rocky. And standing faire alongst by -the shore, about twelue of the clocke the same day, we came to an -anker, ♦_Cape Neddock Maine_♦ where sixe Indians, in a Baske-shallop -with mast and saile, an iron grapple, and a kettle of copper, came -boldly aboord vs, one of them apparelled with a wastcoat and breeches -of blacke serdge, made after our sea-fashion, hose and shoes on his -feet; all the rest (sauing one that had a paire of breeches of blue -cloth) were all naked. These people are of tall stature, broad and -grim visage, of a blacke swart complexion, their eie-browes painted -white; their weapons are bowes and arrowes: it seemed by some words -and signes they made, that some Basks or of _S. Iohn de Luz_, haue -fished or traded in this place, being in the latitude of 43 degrees. -But riding heere, in no very good harbour, and withall, doubting the -weather, about three of the clocke the same day in the afternoone -we weighed, & standing Southerly off into sea the rest of that day -and the night following, with a fresh gale of winde, in the morning -we found ourselues embayed with a mightie headland; but comming to -an anker about nine of the clocke the same day, within a league of -the shore, ♦_Cape Cod_♦ we hoised out the one halfe of our shallop, -and captaine _Bartholomew Gosnold_, my selfe, and three others, went -ashore, being a white sandie and very bolde shore; and marching -all that afternoon with our muskets on our necks, on the highest -hilles which we saw (the weather very hot) at length we perceiued -this headland to be parcell of the maine, and sundrie Islands -lying almost round about it: so returning (towards euening) to our -shallop (for by that time, the other part was brought ashore and set -together) we espied an Indian, a yong man, of proper stature, and -of a pleasing countenance; and after some familiaritie with him, -we left him at the sea side, and returned to our ship, where, in -fiue or sixe houres absence, we had pestered our ship so with Cod -fish, that we threw numbers of them ouer-boord againe: and surely, -I am persuaded that in the moneths of March, April, and May, there -is vpon this coast, better fishing, and in as great plentie, as in -_Newfoundland_: for the sculles of Mackerell, herrings, Cod, and -other fish, that we dayly saw as we went and came from the shore, -were wonderfull; and besides, the places where we tooke these Cods -(and might in a few daies haue laden our ship) were but in seuen -faddome water, and within lesse than a league of the shore; where, -in _Newfound-land_ they fish in fortie or fiftie fadome water, and -farre off. From this place, we sailed round about this headland, -almost all the points of the compasse, the shore very bolde: but as -no coast is free from dangers, so I am persuaded, this is as free -as any; the land somewhat lowe, full of goodly woods, but in some -places plaine: at length we were come amongst many faire Islands, -which we had partly discerned at our first landing; ♦_Nantucket_♦ all -lying within a league or two one of another, and the outermost not -aboue sixe or seuen leagues from the maine: ♦_Martha’s Vineyard_♦ -but comming to an anker vnder one of them, which was about three -or foure leagues from the maine, captaine _Gosnold_, my selfe, and -some others, went ashore, & going round about it, we found it to -be foure English miles in compasse, without house or inhabitant, -sauing a little old house made of boughes, couered with barke, an -olde piece of a weare of the Indians, to catch fish, and one or two -places, where they had made fires. The chiefest trees of this Island, -are Beeches and Cedars; the outward parts all ouergrowen with lowe -bushie trees, three or foure foot in height, which beare some kinde -of fruits, as appeared by their blossomes; Strawberies, red and -white, as sweet and much bigger than ours in _England_, Rasberies, -Gooseberies, Hurtleberies, and such; an incredible store of Vines, -as well in the wooddie part of the Island, where they run upon euery -tree, as on the outward parts, that we could not goe for treading -vpon them: also, many springs of excellent sweet water, and a great -standing lake of fresh water, neere the sea side, an English mile -in compasse, which is mainteined with the springs running exceeding -pleasantly thorow the wooddie grounds which are very rockie. Here -are also in this Island, great store of Deere, which we saw, and -other beasts, as appeared by their tracks; as also diuers fowles, -as Cranes, Hernshawes, Bitters, Geese, Mallards, Teales, and other -fowles, in great plenty; also, great store of Pease, which grow in -certeine plots all the Island ouer. On the North side of this Island -we found many huge bones and ribbes of Whales. This Island, as also -all the rest of these Islands, are full of all sorts of stones fit -for building; the sea sides all couered with stones, many of them -glistering and shining like minerall stones, and very rockie: also, -the rest of these Islands are replenished with these commodities, and -vpon some of them, inhabitants; as vpon an Island to the Northward, -and within two leagues of this; yet wee found no townes, nor many -of their houses, although we saw manie Indians, which are tall big -boned men, all naked, sauing they couer their priuy parts with a -blacke tewed skin, much like a Black-smithes apron, tied about their -middle and betweene their legs behinde: they gaue vs of their fish -readie boiled (which they carried in a basket made of twigges, not -unlike our osier) whereof we did eat, and iudged them to be fresh -water fish: they gaue vs also of their Tabacco, which they drinke -greene, but dried into powder, very strong and pleasant, and much -better than any I haue tasted in _England_: the necks of their pipes -are made of clay hard dried (whereof in that Island is great store -both red and white) the other part, is a piece of hollow copper, -very finely closed and semented together: we gaue vnto them certeine -trifles, as kniues, points, and such like, which they much esteemed. -From hence we went to another Island, to the Northwest of this, and -within a league or two of the maine, which we found to be greater -than before we imagined, being 16 English miles at the least in -compasse; ♦_Cuttyhunk_♦ for it conteineth many pieces or necks of -land, which differ nothing frō seuerall Islands, sauing that certeine -banks of small bredth do like bridges ioyne them to this Island: -on the outsides of this Island are many plaine places of grasse, -abundance of Strawberies & other berries before mentioned: in mid May -we did sowe in this Island (as for a triall) in sundry places, Wheat, -Barley, Oats, and Pease, which in foureteene daies were sprung up -nine inches and more: the soile is fat and lustie; the vpper crust, -of gray colour; but a foot or lesse in depth, of the colour of our -hempe-lands in _England_; and being thus apt for these and the like -graines; the sowing or setting (after the ground is cleansed) is no -greater labour, than if you should set or sowe in one of our best -prepared gardens in England. This Island is full of high timberd -Oaks, their leaues thrise so broad as ours; Cedars, strait and tall; -Beech, Elme, Hollie, Walnut trees in abundance, the fruit as bigge -as ours, as appeared by those we found under the trees, which had -lien all the yeere vngathered; Haslenut trees, Cherry trees, the -leafe, barke and bignesse not differing from ours in _England_, but -the stalke beareth the blossomes or fruit at the end thereof, like -a cluster of Grapes, forty or fifty in a bunch; Sassafras trees -great plentie all the Island ouer, a tree of high price and profit; -also, diuers other fruit trees, some of them with strange barks, of -an Orange colour, in feeling soft and smoothe like veluet: in the -thickest parts of these woods, you may see a furlong or more round -about. On the Northwest side of this Island, neere to the sea side, -is a standing Lake of fresh water, almost three English miles in -compasse, in the middest whereof stands a plot of wooddie ground, an -acre in quantitie or not aboue: this Lake is full of small Tortoises, -and exceedingly frequented with all sorts of fowles before rehearsed, -which breed, some lowe on the banks, and others on lowe trees about -this Lake in great abundance, whose yoong ones of all sorts we tooke -and eat at our pleasure: but all these fowles are much bigger than -ours in _England_. Also, in euery Island, and almost in euery part -of euery Island, are great store of Ground nuts, fortie together -on a string, some of them as bigge as hennes egges; they grow not -two inches vnder ground: the which nuts we found to be as good as -Potatoes. Also, diuers sorts of shell-fish, as Scallops, Muscles, -Cockles, Lobsters, Crabs, Oisters, and Wilks, exceeding good and -very great. But not to cloy you with particular rehearsall of such -things as God & Nature hath bestowed on these places, in comparison -whereof, the most fertil part of al _England_ is (of it selfe) but -barren; we went in our light-horsman frō this Island to the maine, -right against this Island some two leagues off, where comming ashore, -we stood a while like men rauished at the beautie and delicacie of -this sweet soile; ♦_Buzzard’s Bay_♦ for besides diuers cleere Lakes -of fresh water (whereof we saw no end) Medowes very large and full of -greene grasse; euen the most wooddy places (I speake onely of such as -I saw) doe grow so distinct and apart, one tree from another, vpon -greene grassie ground, somewhat higher than the Plaines, as if Nature -would shew herselfe aboue her power, artificiall. Hard by, we espied -seuen Indians; and comming vp to them, at first they expressed some -feare; but being emboldned by our courteous vsage, and some trifles -which we gaue them, they followed vs to a necke of land, which we -imagined had beene seuered from the maine; but finding it otherwise, -we perceiued a broad harbour or riuers mouth, which ranne vp into -the maine: but because the day was farre spent, we were forced to -returne to the Island from whence we came, leauing the discouerie -of this harbour, for a time of better leasure: of the goodnesse of -which harbour, as also of many others thereabouts, there is small -doubt, considering that all the Islands, as also the maine (where we -were) is all rockie grounds and broken lands. Now the next day, we -determined to fortifie our selues in the little plot of ground in -the midst of the Lake aboue mentioned, where we built an house, and -couered it with sedge, which grew about this lake in great abundance; -in building whereof, we spent three weeks and more: but the second -day after our comming from the maine, we espied 9 canowes or boats, -with fiftie Indians in them, comming toward vs from this part of -the maine, where we, two daies before, landed; and being loth they -should discouer our fortification, we went out on the sea side to -meet them; and comming somewhat neere them, they all sat downe upon -the stones, calling aloud to vs (as we rightly ghessed) to doe the -like, a little distance from them: hauing sat a while in this order, -captaine _Gosnold_ willed me to go vnto them, to see what countenance -they would make; but as soone as I came vp vnto them, one of them, -to whom I had giuen a knife two daies before in the maine, knew me -(whom I also very wel remembred) and smiling vpon me, spake somewhat -vnto their lord or captaine, which sat in the midst of them, who -presently rose vp and tooke a large Beauer skin from one that stood -about him, and gaue it vnto me, which I requited for that time the -best I could: but I pointing towards captaine _Gosnold_, made signes -vnto him, that he was our captaine, and desirous to be his friend, -and enter league with him, which (as I perceiued) he vnderstood, -and made signes of ioy: whereupon captaine _Gosnold_ with the rest -of his companie, being twentie in all, came vp vnto them; and after -many signes of gratulations (captain _Gosnold_ presenting their L. -with certeine trifles which they wondred at, and highly esteemed) -we became very great friends, and sent for meat aboord our shallop, -and gaue them such meats as we had then readie dressed, whereof they -misliked nothing but our mustard, whereat they made many a sowre -face. While wee were thus merry, one of them had conueied a target -of ours into one of their canowes, which we suffered, onely to trie -whether they were in subiection to this L. to whom we made signes -(by shewing him another of the same likenesse, and pointing to the -canowe) what one of his companie had done: who suddenly expressed -some feare, and speaking angerly to one about him (as we perceiued -by his countenance) caused it presently to be brought backe againe. -So the rest of the day we spent in trading with them for Furres, -which are Beauers, Luzernes, Marterns, Otters, Wild-cat skinnes very -large and deepe Furre, blacke Foxes, Conie skinnes, of the colour -of our Hares, but somewhat lesse, Deere skinnes very large, Seale -skinnes, and other beasts skinnes, to vs vnknowen. They haue also -great store of Copper, some very redde, and some of a paler colour; -none of them but haue chaines, earrings or collars of this mettall: -they head some of their arrows herewith, much like our broad arrow -heads, very workmanly made. Their chaines are many hollow pieces -semented together, ech piece of the bignesse of one of our reeds, a -finger in length, ten or twelue of them together on a string, which -they weare about their necks: their collars they weare about their -bodies like bandelieres a handfull broad, all hollow pieces, like the -other, but somewhat shorter, foure hundred pieces in a collar, very -fine and euenly set together. Besides these, they haue large drinking -cups, made like sculles, and other thinne plates of Copper, made much -like our boare-speare blades, all which they so little esteeme, as -they offered their fairest collars or chaines, for a knife or such -like trifle, but we seemed little to regard it; yet I was desirous -to vnderstand where they had such store of this mettall, and made -signes to one of them (with whom I was verie familiar) who taking -a piece of Copper in his hand, made a hole with his finger in the -ground, and withall, pointed to the maine from whence they came. They -strike fire in this manner; euery one carrieth about him in a purse -of tewed leather, a Minerall stone (which I take to be their Copper) -and with a flat Emerie stone (wherewith Glasiers cut glasse, and -Cutlers glase blades) tied fast to the end of a little sticke, gently -he striketh vpon the Minerall stone, and within a stroke or two, a -sparke falleth vpon a piece of Touch-wood (much like our Spunge in -_England_) and with the least sparke he maketh a fire presently. We -had also of their Flaxe, wherewith they make many strings and cords, -but it is not so bright of colour as ours in England: I am perswaded -they haue great store growing vpon the maine, as also Vines and many -other rich commodities, which we, wanting both time and meanes, could -not possibly discouer. Thus they continued with vs three daies, euery -night retiring themselues to the furthermost part of our Island two -or three miles from our fort: but the fourth day they returned to the -maine, pointing fiue or six times to the Sun, and once to the maine, -which we vnderstood, that within fiue or six daies they would come -from the maine to vs againe: but being in their canowes a little from -the shore, they made huge cries & shouts of ioy vnto vs; and we with -our trumpet and cornet, and casting vp our cappes into the aire, made -them the best farewell we could: yet sixe or seuen of them remained -with vs behinde, bearing vs company euery day into the woods, and -helpt vs to cut and carie our Sassafras, and some of them lay aboord -our ship. These people, as they are exceeding courteous, gentle of -disposition, and well conditioned, excelling all others that we -haue seene; so for shape of bodie and louely fauour, I thinke they -excell all the people of _America_; of stature much higher than we; -of complexion or colour, much like a darke Oliue; their eie-browes -and haire blacke, which they weare long, tied vp behinde in knots, -whereon they pricke feathers of fowles, in fashion of a crownet: -some of them are blacke thin bearded; they make beards of the haire -of beasts: and one of them offered a beard of their making to one of -our sailers, for his that grew on his face, which because it was of -a red colour, they iudged to be none of his owne. They are quicke -eied, and stedfast in their looks, fearelesse of others harmes, as -intending none themselues; some of the meaner sort giuen to filching, -which the very name of Saluages (not weighing their ignorance in good -or euill) may easily excuse: their garments are of Deere skins, and -some of them weare Furres round and close about their necks. They -pronounce our language with great facilitie; for one of them one day -sitting by me, vpon occasion I spake smiling to him these words: -_How now (sirha) are you so saucie with my Tabacco_: which words -(without any further repetition) he suddenly spake so plaine and -distinctly, as if he had beene a long scholar in the language. Many -other such trials we had, which are heere needlesse to repeat. Their -women (such as we saw) which were but three in all, were but lowe -of stature, their eie-browes, haire, apparell, and maner of wearing, -like to the men, fat, and very well fauoured, and much delighted in -our compane; the men are very dutifull towards them. And truely, the -holsomnesse and temperature of this Climat, doth not onely argue this -people to be answerable to this description, but also of a perfect -constitution of body, actiue, strong, healthfull, and very wittie, as -the sundry toies of theirs cunningly wrought, may easily witnes. For -the agreeing of this Climat with vs (I speake of my selfe, & so I may -iustly do for the rest of our companie) that we found our health & -strength all the while we remained there, so to renew and increase, -as notwithstanding our diet and lodging was none of the best, yet -not one of our company (God be thanked) felt the least grudging or -inclination to any disease or sicknesse, but were much fatter and in -better health than when we went out of _England_. But after our barke -had taken in so much Sassafras, Cedar, Furres, Skinnes, and other -commodities, as were thought conuenient; some of our company that -had promised captaine _Gosnold_ to stay, hauing nothing but a sauing -voyage in their minds, made our company of inhabitants (which was -small enough before) much smaller; so as captaine _Gosnold_ seeing -his whole strength to consist but of twelue men, and they but meanly -prouided, determined to returne for _England_, leauing this Island -(which he called _Elizabeths Island_) with as many true sorrowfull -eies, as were before desirous to see it. So the 18 of June, being -Friday, we weighed, and with indifferent faire winde and weather came -to anker the 23 of July, being also Friday (in all, bare fiue weeks) -before _Exmouth_. - - Your Lordships to command, - _Iohn Brereton_. - - -[Illustration: (Decorative separator)] - - A briefe Note of such commodities as we saw in the countrey - notwithstanding our small time of stay. - - -_Trees._ - - SAssafras trees, the roots whereof at 3. s. the pound are 336. l. - the tunne. - Cedars tall and straight, in great abundance. - Cypres trees. - Oakes. - Walnut trees great store. - Elmes. - Beech. - Hollie. - Haslenut trees. - Cherry trees. - Cotten trees. - Other fruit trees to vs vnknowen. - - -_Fowles._ - - EAgles. - Hernshawes. - Cranes. - Bitters. - Mallards. - Teales. - Geese. - Pengwins. - Ospreis and Hawks. - Crowes. - Rauens. - Mewes. - Doues. - Sea-pies. - Blacke-birds with carnation wings. - - _The finder of our Sassafras in these parts, was one Master_ Robert - Meriton. - - -_Beasts._ - - DEere in great store, very great and large. - Beares. - Luzernes. - Blacke Foxes. - Beavers. - Otters. - Wilde-Cats, verie large and great. - Dogs like Foxes, blacke and sharpe nosed. - Conies. - - -_Fruits, Plants, and Herbs._ - - TAbacco, excellent sweet and strong. - Vines in more plenty than in _France_. - Ground-nuts, good meat, & also medicinable. - Strawberries. - Raspeberries. - Gooseberries. - Hurtleberries. - Pease growing naturally. - Flaxe. - Sorrell, & manie other herbs wherewith they made fallets. - - -_Fishes._ - - WHales. - Tortoises, both on land and sea. - Seales. - Cods. - Mackerell. - Breames. - Herrings. - Thornbacke. - Hakes. - Rockefish. - Doggefish. - Lobsters. - Crabbes. - Muscles. - Wilks. - Cockles. - Scallops. - Oisters. - - SNakes foure foot in length, and sixe inches about, which the - Indians eat for daintie meat, the skinnes whereof they vse for - girdles. - - -_Mettals and Stones._ - - COpper in great abundance. - Emerie stones for Glasiers & Cutlers. - Alabaster very white. - Stones glistering and shining like Minerall stones. - Stones of a blue metalline colour, which we take to be Steele oare. - Stones of all sorts for buildings. - Cley, red and white. - - - - -Martin Pring - -1603 - -PLYMOUTH HARBOUR - - MARTIN PRING, _who became more famous ten years later in the East - India trade, and who rose to the dignity of “Generall to the - Fraternity of the Trinitie House” at Bristol, was selected by - sundry of the chiefest merchants of that town in 1603 to represent - their interests on a voyage to the region where Gosnold and Gilbert - had gathered a profitable cargo of sassafras. He was given the - charge of “a small ship called the Speed-well in burthen about - fiftie tunnes, manning the same with some thirtie men and Boyes ... - with a Barke called the Discoverer, of six and twentie tunnes or - thereabout, being thirteene men and a Boy in all in that Barke.” - They made land on the Maine coast, and after following the northern - shore of Massachusetts Bay for a ways, struck across to the - southwest, hitting upon Plymouth harbour. Here there was abundance - of sassafras, and the ships’ companies made a camp on shore while - they gathered their cargo._ - - _Pring wrote an account of the voyage for Richard Hakluyt, who - had persuaded the Bristol merchants to make the venture. Samuel - Purchas, who came into possession of Hakluyt’s papers, printed the - narrative at London in 1625, in the fourth volume of “Purchas his - Pilgrimes.”_ - - -[Illustration: _Champlain’s Map of Port St. Louis_ (_Plymouth Bay_)] - - -[Illustration: (Decorative banner)] - - A VOYAGE set out from the Citie of _Bristoll_ at the charge of the - chiefest Merchants and Inhabitants of the said Citie with a small - Ship and a Barke for the discouerie of the North part of _Virginia_. - -WE set saile from _Milford Hauen_ ♦_April 1603_♦ (where the winds had -stayed vs a fortnight, in which space we heard of Queen _Elizabeths_ -death) the tenth of Aprill 1603. In our course we passed by the -Iles of the _Açores_, had first sight of the _Pike_, and afterward -of the Iland of _Cueruo_ and _Flores_, and after we had runne some -fiue hundred leagues, ♦_June_♦ we fell with a multitude of small -Ilands on the North Coast of _Virginia_, in the latitude of 43. -degrees, the ······· of Iune, which Ilands wee found very pleasant -to behold, adorned with goodly grasse and sundry sorts of Trees, as -Cedars, Spruce, Pines, and Firre-trees. Heere wee found an excellent -fishing for Cods, which are better then those of _New-found-land_, -and withall we saw good and Rockie ground fit to drie them vpon: -also we see no reason to the contrary, but that Salt may bee made -in these parts, a matter of no small importance. We sayled to the -South-west end of these Ilands, and there rode with our ships vnder -one of the greatest. One of them we named _Foxe Iland_, because we -found those kind of beasts thereon. So passing through the rest with -our Boates to the mayne Land, which lieth for a good space North-east -and South-west, we found very safe riding among them, in sixe, seuen, -eight, ten and twelue fathomes. At length comming to the Mayne in -the latitude of 43. degrees and an halfe, we ranged the same to the -South-west. In which course we found foure Inlets, the most Easterly -whereof was barred at the mouth, but hauing passed ouer the barre, -wee ranne vp into it fiue miles, and for a certaine space found very -good depth, and comming out againe, as we sailed South-westward, we -lighted vpon two other Inlets, which vpon our search we found to -pierce not farre into the Land, the fourth and most Westerly was the -best, which we rowed vp ten or twelue miles. - -In all these places we found no people, but signes of fires where -they had beene. Howbeit we beheld very goodly Groues and Woods -replenished with tall Okes, Beeches, Pine-trees, Firre-trees, -Hasels, Wich-hasels and Maples. We saw here also sundry sorts of -Beasts, as Stags, Deere, Beares, Wolues, Foxes, Lusernes, and -Dogges with sharpe noses. But meeting with no Sassafras, we left -these places with all the foresaid Ilands, ♦_Cape Neddock Nubble_♦ -shaping our course for _Sauage Rocke_ discouered the yeere before -by Captaine _Gosnold_, where going vpon the Mayne we found people, -with whom we had no long conuersation, because here also we could -find no Sassafras. Departing hence we bare into that great Gulfe -which Captaine _Gosnold_ ouer-shot the yeere before, coasting and -finding people on the North side thereof. Not yet satisfied in our -expectation, we left them and sailed ouer, and came to an Anchor on -the South side in the latitude of 41. degrees and odde minute: where -we went on Land in a certaine Bay, ♦_Plymouth Harbour_♦ which we -called _Whitson Bay_, by the name of the Worshipfull Master _Iohn -Whitson_ then Maior of the Citie of _Bristoll_, and one of the chiefe -Aduenturers, and finding a pleasant Hill thereunto adioyning, wee -called it _Mount Aldworth_, for Master _Robert Aldworths_ sake a -chiefe furtherer of the Voyage, as well with his Purse as with his -trauell. Here we had sufficient quantitie of Sassafras. - -At our going on shore, vpon view of the people and sight of the -place, wee thought it conuenient to make a small baricado to keepe -diligent watch and ward in, for the aduertizement and succour of our -men, while they should worke in the Woods. During our abode on shore, -the people of the Countrey came to our men sometimes ten, twentie, -fortie or threescore, and at one time one hundred and twentie at -once. We vsed them kindly, and gaue them diuers sorts of our meanest -Merchandize. They did eat Pease and Beanes with our men. Their owne -victuals were most of fish. - -We had a youth in our company that could play vpon a Gitterne, in -whose homely Musicke they tooke great delight, and would giue him -many things, as Tobacco, Tobacco-pipes, Snakes skinnes of sixe foot -long, which they vse for Girdles, Fawnes skinnes, and such like, and -danced twentie in a Ring, and the Gitterne in the middest of them, -vsing many Sauage gestures, singing _lo, la, lo, la, la, lo_: him -that first brake the ring, the rest would knocke and cry out vpon. -Some few of them had plates of Brasse a foot long, and halfe a foote -broad before their breasts. Their weapons are Bowes of fiue or sixe -foot long of Wich-hasell, painted blacke and yellow, the strings of -three twists of sinewes, bigger then our Bow-strings. Their Arrowes -are of a yard and an handfull long not made of Reeds, but of a fine -light wood very smooth and round with three long and deepe blacke -feathers of some Eagle, Vulture, or Kite, as closely fastened with -some binding matter, as any Fletcher of ours can glue them on. Their -Quiuers are full a yard long, made of long dried Rushes wrought about -two handfuls broad aboue, and one handfull beneath with prettie -workes and compartiments, Diamant wise of red and other colours. - -We carried with vs from _Bristoll_ two excellent Mastiues, of whom -the _Indians_ were more afraid, then of twentie of our men. One -of these Mastiues would carrie a halfe Pike in his mouth. And one -Master _Thomas Bridges_ a Gentleman of our company accompanied only -with one of these Dogs, and passed sixe miles alone in the Countrey -hauing lost his fellowes, and returned safely. And when we would be -rid of the Sauages company wee would let loose the Mastiues, and -suddenly with out-cryes they would flee away. These people in colour -are inclined to a swart, tawnie, or Chestnut colour, not by nature -but accidentally, and doe weare their haire brayded in foure parts, -and trussed vp about their heads with a small knot behind: in which -haire of theirs they sticke many feathers and toyes for brauerie and -pleasure. They couer their priuities only with a piece of leather -drawne betwixt their twists and fastened to their Girdles behind and -before: whereunto they hang their bags of Tobacco. They seeme to bee -somewhat iealous of their women, for we saw not past two of them, -who weare Aprons of Leather skins before them downe to the knees, -and a Beares skinne like an _Irish_ Mantle ouer one shoulder. The -men are of stature somewhat taller then our ordinary people, strong, -swift, well proportioned, and giuen to treacherie, as in the end we -perceiued. - -Their Boats, whereof we brought one to _Bristoll_, were in proportion -like a Wherrie of the Riuer of _Thames_, seuenteene foot long and -foure foot broad, made of the Barke of a Birch-tree, farre exceeding -in bignesse those of _England_: it was sowed together with strong -and tough Oziers or twigs, and the seames couered ouer with Rozen -or Turpentine little inferiour in sweetnesse to Frankincense, as we -made triall by burning a little thereof on the coales at sundry times -after our coming home: it was also open like a Wherrie, and sharpe at -both ends, sauing that the beake was a little bending roundly vpward. -And though it carried nine men standing vpright, yet it weighed not -at the most aboue sixtie pounds in weight, a thing almost incredible -in regard of the largenesse and capacitie thereof. Their Oares were -flat at the end like an Ouen peele, made of Ash or Maple very light -and strong, about two yards long, wherewith they row very swiftly: -Passing vp a Riuer we saw certaine Cottages together, abandoned by -the Sauages, and not farre off we beheld their Gardens and one among -the rest of an Acre of ground, and in the same was sowne Tobacco, -Pompions, Cowcumbers and such like; and some of the people had Maiz -or _Indian_ Wheate among them. In the fields we found wild Pease, -Strawberries very faire and bigge, Gooseberries, Raspices, Hurts, and -other wild fruits. - -Hauing spent three Weeks vpon the Coast before we came to this place -where we meant to stay and take in our lading, according to our -instructions giuen vs in charge before our setting forth, we pared -and digged vp the Earth with shouels, and sowed Wheate, Barley, -Oates, Pease, and sundry sorts of Garden Seeds, which for the time -of our abode there, being about seuen Weeks, although they were late -sowne, came vp very well, giuing certaine testimonie of the goodnesse -of the Climate and of the Soyle. And it seemeth that Oade, Hempe, -Flaxe, Rape-seed and such like which require a rich and fat ground, -would prosper excellently in these parts. For in diuers places here -we found grasse aboue knee deepe. - -As for Trees the Country yeeldeth Sassafras a plant of souereigne -vertue for the _French_ Poxe, and as some of late haue learnedly -written good against the Plague and many other Maladies; Vines, -Cedars, Okes, Ashes, Beeches, Birch trees, Cherie trees bearing -fruit whereof wee did eate, Hasels, Wich-hasels, the best wood of -all other to make Sope-ashes withall, Walnut-trees, Maples, holy to -make Bird-lime with, and a kinde of tree bearing a fruit like a small -red Peare-plum with a crowne or knop on the top (a plant whereof -carefully wrapped vp in earth, Master _Robert Salterne_ brought to -Bristoll.) We found also low trees bearing faire Cheries. There were -likewise a white kind of Plums which were growne to their perfect -ripenesse. With diuers other sorts of trees to vs vnknowne. - -The Beasts here are Stags, fallow Deere in abundance, Beares, Wolues, -Foxes, Lusernes, and (some say) Tygres, Porcupines, and Dogges with -sharpe and long noses, with many other sorts of wild beasts, whose -Cases and Furres being hereafter purchased by exchange may yeeld no -smal gaine to vs. Since as we are certainly informed, the _Frenchmen_ -brought from _Canada_ the value of thirtie thousand Crownes in the -yeare 1604. Almost in Beuers and Otters skinnes only. The most -vsuall Fowles are Eagles, Vultures, Hawkes, Cranes, Herons, Crowes, -Gulls, and great store of other Riuer and Sea-fowles. And as the -Land is full of Gods good blessings, so is the Sea replenished with -great abundance of excellent fish, as Cods sufficient to lade many -ships, which we found vpon the Coast in the moneth of Iune, Seales -to make Oile withall, Mullets, Turbuts, Mackerels, Herrings, Crabs, -Lobsters, Creuises and Muscles with ragged Pearles in them. - -By the end of Iuly we had laded our small Barke called the -Discouerer, ♦_July_♦ with as much Sassafras as we thought sufficient, -and sent her home into _England_ before, to giue some speedie -contentment to the Aduenturers; who arriued safely in _Kingrode_ -aboue a fortnight before vs. After their departure we so bestirred -our selues, that our shippe also had gotten in her lading, during -which time there fell out this accident. On a day about noone tide -while our men which vsed to cut down Sassafras in the Woods were -asleepe, as they vsed to doe for two houres in the heat of the day, -there came downe about seuen score Sauages armed with their Bowes and -Arrowes, and enuironed our House or Barricado, wherein were foure -of our men alone with their Muskets to keepe Centinell, whom they -sought to haue come downe vnto them, which they vtterly refused, and -stood vpon their guard. Our Master likewise being very carefull and -circumspect hauing not past two with him in the shippe put the same -in the best defence he could, lest they should haue inuaded the same, -and caused a piece of great Ordnance to bee shot off, to giue terrour -to the _Indians_, and warning to our men which were fast asleepe in -the Woods: at the noyse of which Peece they were a little awaked, and -beganne a little to call for _Foole_ and _Gallant_, their great and -fearefull Mastiues, and full quietly laid themselues downe againe, -but beeing quickned vp eftsoones againe with a second shot they -rowsed vp themselues, betooke them to their weapons and with their -Mastiues, great _Foole_ with an halfe Pike in his mouth drew downe -to their ship: whom when the _Indians_ beheld afarre off, with the -Mastiue which they most feared, in dissembling manner they turned all -to a iest and sport, and departed away in friendly manner: yet not -long after, euen the day before our departure, they set fire on the -Woods where wee wrought, which wee did behold to burne for a mile -space, and the very same day that wee weighed Anchor, they came downe -to the shoare in greater number, to wit, very neere two hundred by -our estimation, and some of them came in their Boates to our ship, -and would haue had vs come in againe: but we sent them backe, and -would none of their entertainment. - -About the eighth or ninth of August, ♦_August_♦ wee left this -excellent Hauen at the entrance whereof we found twentie fathomes -water, and rode at our ease in seuen fathomes being Land-locked, the -Hauen winding in compasse like the shell of a Snaile, and it is in -latitude of one and forty degrees and fiue and twentie minutes. - -This by the way is not to be forgotten, that our Captaine fell so -much to the Northward because he would find high grounds, where -commonly the best Hauens are: which also fell out to his expectation. -We also obserued that we could find no Sassafras but in sandie -ground. In our returne we brought our selues into the latitude of -eight and thirtie degrees about the _Açores_ for certaine causes, and -within fiue weekes space came from our Port of _Virginia_, into the -Soundings of _England_, but there being long encountred with Easterly -winds, we came at length into _Kingrode_, the second of October 1603. -The Discouerer was out fiue moneths and an halfe. The _Speedwell_ was -out sixe moneths vpon the Voyage. - - - - - Samuel de Champlain - - 1605 - - MAINE AND - MASSACHUSETTS - - SAMUEL DE CHAMPLAIN _first demonstrated his talents as an observer - of unfamiliar regions during a two years’ trip through the West - Indies and to the City of Mexico. His report on these travels - doubtless commended him to the French king, who appointed him in - 1603 to accompany an expedition which visited the St. Lawrence in - search of a suitable location for a settlement. The following year - Champlain made another voyage to America with Sieur de Monts, who - attempted to plant a colony in Nova Scotia. The location proving - unsatisfactory, Champlain made three voyages toward the west, - hoping to find a place more to his liking. In September, 1604, he - visited Mount Desert, and sailed up the Penobscot as far as Bangor. - In the summer of 1605 he sailed along the Maine and Massachusetts - coasts as far as Nauset harbour on the outer shores of Cape Cod. In - 1606 he continued his explorations, visiting Gloucester harbour, - then crossing to Cape Cod, and following the coast around to - Vineyard Sound._ - - _Champlain made careful notes of all his observations, drawing maps - and sketches of all important points. His reports were afterwards - written out and sent home to France, where they were printed, the - volumes going through several editions. An English translation of - Champlain’s writings, by Dr. Charles P. Otis, with editorial notes - by the Rev. E. F. Slafter, was issued in 1878 by the Prince Society - of Boston, by whose courtesy that translation of chapters vii, - viii, and ix of Champlain’s “Voyages,” printed at Paris in 1613, is - now reprinted with some verbal changes._ - - -[Illustration: _Champlain’s Map of the Mouth of the Kennebec_] - - -[Illustration: (Decorative banner)] - - DISCOVERY of the Coast of the _Almouchiquois_ as far as the - Forty-Second Degree of Latitude, and Details of this Voyage. - -ON the 18th of the month of June, 1605, ♦_1605 June_♦ Sieur de Monts -set out from the Island of St. Croix with some gentlemen, twenty -sailors, and a savage named Panounias, together with his wife, -whom he was unwilling to leave behind. These we took, in order to -serve us as guides to the country of the Almouchiquois, in the hope -of exploring and learning more particularly by their aid what the -character of this country was, especially since she was a native of -it. - -Coasting along inside of Manan, ♦_Manan Island_♦ an island three -leagues from the main land, we came to the Ranges on the seaward -side, at one of which we anchored, where there was a large number of -crows, of which our men captured a great many, and we called it the -Isle aux Corneilles. Thence we went to the Island of Monts Deserts, -♦_Mount Desert_♦ at the entrance of the river Norumbegue, as I have -before stated, and sailed five or six leagues among many islands. -♦_Mouth of Penobscot River_♦ Here there came to us three savages in -a canoe from Bedabedec Point, where their captain was; and, after we -had had some conversation with them, they returned the same day. - -On Friday, the 1st of July, ♦_July_♦ we set out from one of the -islands at the mouth of the river, where there is a very good harbour -for vessels of a hundred or a hundred and fifty tons. This day we -made some twenty-five leagues between Bedabedec Point and many -islands and rocks, which we explored as far as the river Quinibequy, -♦_Kennebec River_♦ at the mouth of which is a very high island, which -we called the Tortoise. ♦_Seguin Island_♦ Between the latter and the -main land there are some scattering rocks, which are covered at full -tide, although the sea is then seen to break over them. Tortoise -Island and the river lie south-south-east and north-north-west. As -you enter, there are two medium-sized islands forming the entrance, -one on one side, the other on the other; and some three hundred paces -farther in are two rocks, where there is no wood, but some little -grass. We anchored three hundred paces from the entrance in five and -six fathoms of water. While in this place, we were overtaken by fogs, -on account of which we resolved to enter, in order to see the upper -part of the river and the savages who live there; and we set out for -this purpose on the 5th of the month. Having made some leagues, our -barque came near being lost on a rock which we grazed in passing. -Further on, ♦_Back River_♦ we met two canoes which had come to hunt -birds, which for the most part are moulting at this season, and -cannot fly. We addressed these savages by aid of our own, who went -to them with his wife, who made them understand the reason of our -coming. We made friends with them and with the savages of this river, -who served us as guides. Proceeding farther, in order to see their -captain, named Manthoumermer, we passed, after we had gone seven or -eight leagues, by some islands, straits, and brooks, ♦_Hockamock -Bay_♦ which extend along the river, where we saw some fine meadows. -After we had coasted along an island some four leagues in length, -♦_Westport Island_♦ they conducted us to where their chief was with -twenty-five or thirty savages, who as soon as we had anchored, -♦_Wiscasset Harbour_♦ came to us in a canoe, separated a short -distance from ten others, in which were those who accompanied him. -Coming near our barque, he made an harangue, in which he expressed -the pleasure it gave him to see us, and said that he desired to -form an alliance with us and to make peace with his enemies through -our mediation. He said that, on the next day, he would send to two -other captains of savages, who were in the interior, one called -Marchin, and the other Sasinou, chief of the river Quinibequy. -Sieur de Monts gave them some cakes and peas, with which they were -greatly pleased. The next day they guided us down the river another -way than that by which we had come, in order to go to a lake; and, -passing by some islands, they left, each one of them, an arrow near -a cape, ♦_Hockamock Point_♦ where all the savages pass, and they -believe that if they should not do this some misfortune would befall -them, according to the persuasions of the devil. They live in such -superstitions, and practice many others of the same sort. Beyond this -cape we passed a very narrow waterfall, ♦_Hell Gate_♦ but not without -great difficulty; for, although we had a favorable and fresh wind, -and trimmed our sails to receive it as well as possible, in order -to see whether we could not pass it in that way, we were obliged -to attach a hawser to some trees on shore and all pull on it. In -this way, by means of our arms, together with the help of the wind, -which was favourable to us, we succeeded in passing it. The savages -who were with us carried their canoes by land, being unable to row -them. After going over this fall, we saw some fine meadows. I was -greatly surprised by this fall, since as we descended with the tide -we found it in our favour, but contrary to us when we came to the -fall. But, after we had passed it, it descended as before, which gave -us great satisfaction. Pursuing our route, we came to the lake, -♦_Merrymeeting Bay_♦ which is from three to four leagues in length, -where there are some islands, and two rivers enter it, the Quinibequy -coming from the north-north-east, and the other from the north-west, -♦_Kennebec and Androscoggin Rivers_♦ whence Marchin and Sasinou were -to come. Having awaited them all this day, and seeing that they -did not come, we resolved to improve our time. We weighed anchor -accordingly, and there accompanied us two savages from this lake to -serve as guides. The same day we anchored at the mouth of the river, -where we caught a large number of excellent fish of various sorts. -Meanwhile, our savages went hunting, but did not return. The route -by which we descended this river is much safer and better than that -by which we went up. Tortoise Island before the mouth of this river -is in latitude 44°; and 19° 12′ of the deflection of the magnetic -needle. ♦_Real latitude 43° 42′ 25″_♦ They go by this river across -the country to Quebec some fifty leagues, making only one portage -of two leagues. After the portage, you enter another little stream -♦_Chaudière River_♦ which flows into the great river St. Lawrence. -This river Quinibequy is very dangerous for vessels half a league -from its mouth, on account of the small amount of water, great tides, -rocks and shoals that are there outside as well as within. But it has -a good channel, if it were well marked out. The little of the country -which I have seen, along the shores of the river, is very poor, -for there are only rocks on all sides. There are a great many small -oaks, and very little arable land. This place abounds in fish, as do -the other rivers which I have mentioned. The people live like those -in the neighbourhood of our settlement; and they told us that the -savages who plant the Indian corn dwelt very far in the interior, and -that they had given up planting it on the coasts on account of the -war they had with others, who came and took it away. This is what I -have been able to learn about this region, which I think is no better -than the others. - -On the 8th of the month, we set out from the mouth of this river, -which we could not do sooner on account of the fogs. We made that -day some four leagues, and passed a bay, ♦_Casco Bay_♦ where there -are a great many islands. From here large mountains are seen to -the west, ♦_White Mountains_♦ in which is the dwelling-place of a -savage captain called Aneda, who encamps near the river Quinibequy. -I was satisfied from this name that it was one of his tribe that -had discovered the plant called Aneda, which Jacques Cartier said -was so powerful against the malady called scurvy, of which we have -already spoken, which harassed his company as well as our own, when -they wintered in Canada. The savages have no knowledge whatever -of this plant, and are not aware of its existence, although the -above-mentioned savage has the same name. The following day we made -eight leagues. As we passed along the coast, we perceived two columns -of smoke which some savages made to attract our attention. We went -in the direction of them and anchored behind a small island near the -main land, ♦_Prout’s Neck_♦ where we saw more than eighty savages -running along the shore to see us, dancing and giving expression to -their joy. Sieur de Monts sent two men together with our savage to -visit them. After they had spoken some time with them, and assured -them of our friendship, we left with them one of our number, and they -delivered to us one of their companions as a hostage. Meanwhile, -Sieur de Monts visited an island, ♦_Richmond Island_♦ which is very -beautiful in view of what it produces; for it has fine oaks and -nut-trees, the soil cleared up, and many vineyards bearing beautiful -grapes in their season, which were the first we had seen on all -these coasts from the Cap de la Hève. We named it Isle de Bacchus. -It being full tide, we weighed anchor and entered a little river, -which we could not sooner do; ♦_Saco River_♦ for there is a bar, -there being at low tide only half a fathom of water, at full tide a -fathom and a half, and at the highest water two fathoms. On the other -side of the bar there are three, four, five, and six fathoms. When -we had anchored, a large number of savages came to us on the bank -of the river, and began to dance. Their captain, whom they called -Honemechin, was not with them at the time. He arrived about two or -three hours later with two canoes, when he came sweeping entirely -round our barque. Our savage could understand only a few words, as -the language of the Almouchiquois (as this nation is called) differs -entirely from that of the Souriquois and Etechemins. These people -gave signs of being greatly pleased. Their chief had a good figure, -was young and agile. We sent some articles of merchandise on shore -to barter with them; but they had nothing but their robes to give in -exchange, for they preserve only such furs as they need for their -garments. Sieur de Monts ordered some provisions to be given to their -chief, with which he was greatly pleased, and came several times to -the side of our boat to see us. These savages shave off the hair far -up on the head, and wear what remains very long, which they comb and -twist behind in various ways very neatly, intertwined with feathers -which they attach to the head. They paint their faces black and red, -like the other savages which we have seen. They are an agile people, -with well-formed bodies. Their weapons are pikes, clubs, bows and -arrows, at the end of which some attach the tail of a fish called -the signoc, others bones, while the arrows of others are entirely of -wood. They till and cultivate the soil, something which we have not -hitherto observed. In the place of ploughs, they use an instrument -of very hard wood, shaped like a spade. This river is called by the -inhabitants of the country Choüacoet. - -The next day Sieur de Monts and I landed to observe their tillage on -the bank of the river. We saw their Indian corn, which they raise -in gardens. Planting three or four kernels in one place, they then -heap up about it a quantity of earth with shells of the signoc before -mentioned. Then three feet distant they plant as much more, and thus -in succession. With this corn they put in each hill three or four -Brazilian beans, which are of different colours. When they grow up, -they interlace with the corn, which reaches to the height of from -five to six feet. They keep the ground very free from weeds. We saw -there many squashes, and pumpkins, and tobacco, which they likewise -cultivate. - -The Indian corn which we saw was at that time about two feet high, -some of it as high as three. The beans were beginning to flower, as -also the pumpkins and squashes. They plant their corn in May, and -gather it in September. - -We saw also a great many white nuts, which are small and have several -divisions. There were as yet none on the trees, but we found plenty -under them, from the preceding year. We saw also many grape-vines, -on which there was a remarkably fine berry, from which we made -some very good verjuice. We had heretofore seen grapes only on the -Island of Bacchus, distant nearly two leagues from this river. Their -permanent abode, the tillage, and the fine trees led us to conclude -that the air here is milder and better than that where we passed -the winter, and at the other places we visited on the coast. But I -cannot believe that there is not here a considerable degree of cold, -although it is in latitude 43° 45′. The forests in the interior are -very thin, although abounding in oaks, beeches, ashes, and elms; in -wet places there are many willows. The savages dwell permanently -in this place, and have a large cabin surrounded by palisades made -of rather large trees placed by the side of each other, in which -they take refuge when their enemies make war upon them. They cover -their cabins with oak bark. This place is very pleasant, and as -agreeable as any to be seen. The river is very abundant in fish, and -is bordered by meadows. At the mouth there is a small island ♦_Ram -Island_♦ adapted for the construction of a good fortress, where one -could be in security. - -On Sunday, the 12th of the month, we set out from the river -Choüacoet. After coasting along some six or seven leagues, a contrary -wind arose, which obliged us to anchor and go ashore, ♦_Wells Neck_♦ -where we saw two meadows, each a league in length and half a league -in breadth. We saw there two savages, whom at first we took to be -the great birds called bustards, to be found in this country; who, -as soon as they caught sight of us, took flight into the woods, and -were not seen again. From Choüacoet to this place, where we saw some -little birds, which sing like blackbirds, and are black excepting the -ends of the wings, which are orange-coloured, there is a large number -of grape-vines and nut-trees. This coast is sandy, for the most -part, all the way from Quinibequy. This day we returned two or three -leagues towards Choüacoet, as far as a cape which we called Island -Harbour, ♦_Cape Porpoise_♦ favourable for vessels of a hundred tons, -about which are three islands. Heading north-east a quarter north, -one can enter another harbour near this place, to which there is no -approach, although there are islands, except the one where you enter. -At the entrance there are some dangerous reefs. There are in these -islands so many red currants that one sees for the most part nothing -else, and an infinite number of pigeons, of which we took a great -quantity. This Island Harbour is in latitude 43° 25′. - -On the 15th of the month we made twelve leagues. Coasting along, -we perceived a smoke on the shore, which we approached as near as -possible, but saw no savage, which led us to believe that they had -fled. The sun set, and we could find no harbour for that night, -since the coast was flat and sandy. Keeping off, and heading south, -in order to find an anchorage, after proceeding about two leagues, -we observed a cape on the main land south a quarter south-east of -us, some six leagues distant. ♦_Cape Anne_♦ Two leagues to the east -we saw three or four rather high islands, ♦_Isles of Shoals_♦ and -on the west a large bay. The shore of this bay, reaching as far as -the cape, extends inland from where we were perhaps four leagues. -It has a breadth of two leagues from north to south, and three at -its entrance. Not observing any place favourable for putting in, we -resolved to go to the cape above mentioned with short sail, which -occupied a portion of the night. Approaching to where there were -sixteen fathoms of water, we anchored until daybreak. - -On the next day we went to the above-mentioned cape, where there are -three islands near the main land, full of wood of different kinds, -as at Choüacoet and all along the coast; and still another flat one, -where there are breakers, and which extends a little farther out -to sea than the others, on which there is no wood at all. We named -this place Island Cape, near which we saw a canoe containing five -or six savages, who came out near our barque, and then went back -and danced on the beach. Sieur de Monts sent me on shore to observe -them, and to give each one of them a knife and some biscuit, which -caused them to dance again better than before. This over, I made -them understand, as well as I could, that I desired them to show me -the course of the shore. After I had drawn with a crayon the bay, -and the Island Cape, where we were, with the same crayon they drew -the outline of another bay, which they represented as very large; -here they placed six pebbles at equal distances apart, giving me to -understand by this that these signs represented as many chiefs and -tribes. Then they drew within the first mentioned bay a river which -we had passed, ♦_Merrimac River_♦ which has shoals and is very long. -We found in this place a great many vines, the green grapes on which -were a little larger than peas, also many nut-trees, the nuts on -which were no larger than musket-balls. The savages told us that all -those inhabiting this country cultivated the land and sowed seeds -like the others, whom we had before seen. The latitude of this place -is 43° and some minutes. Sailing half a league farther, we observed -several savages on a rocky point, who ran along the shore to their -companions, dancing as they went, to inform them of our coming. After -pointing out to us the direction of their abode, they made a signal -with smoke to show us the place of their settlement. We anchored near -a little island, ♦_Thatcher’s Island_♦ and sent our canoe with knives -and cakes for the savages. From the large number of those we saw, we -concluded that these places were better inhabited than the others we -had seen. - -After a stay of some two hours for the sake of observing these -people, whose canoes are made of birch bark, like those of the -Canadians, Souriquois, and Etechemins, we weighed anchor and set -sail with a promise of fine weather. Continuing our course to -the west-south-west, we saw numerous islands on one side and the -other. Having sailed seven or eight leagues, we anchored near an -island, ♦_Boston Harbour_♦ whence we observed many smokes along the -shore, and many savages running up to see us. Sieur de Monts sent -two or three men in a canoe to them, to whom he gave some knives -and paternosters to present to them; with which they were greatly -pleased, and danced several times in acknowledgment. We could not -ascertain the name of their chief, as we did not know their language. -All along the shore there is a great deal of land cleared up and -planted with Indian corn. The country is very pleasant and agreeable, -and there is no lack of fine trees. The canoes of those who live -there are made of a single piece, and are very liable to turn over if -one is not skilful in managing them. We had not before seen any of -this kind. They are made in the following manner. After cutting down, -at a cost of much labour and time, the largest and tallest tree they -can find, by means of stone hatchets (for they have no others except -some few which they received from the savages on the coasts of La -Cadie, who obtained them in exchange for furs), they remove the bark, -and round off the tree except on one side, where they apply fire -gradually along its entire length; and sometimes they put red-hot -pebble-stones on top. When the fire is too fierce, they extinguish it -with a little water, not entirely, but so that the edge of the boat -may not be burnt. It being hollowed out as much as they wish, they -scrape it all over with stones, which they use instead of knives. -These stones resemble our musket flints. - -On the next day, the 17th of the month, we weighed anchor to go -to a cape we had seen the day before, which seemed to lie on our -south-south-west. This day we were able to make only five leagues, -and we passed by some islands covered with wood. I observed in the -bay all that the savages had described to me at Island Cape. As we -continued our course, large numbers came to us in canoes from the -islands and main land. We anchored a league from a cape, which we -named St. Louis, ♦_Brant Rock Point_♦ where we noticed smoke in -several places. While in the act of going there, our barque grounded -on a rock, where we were in great danger, for, if we had not speedily -got it off, it would have overturned in the sea, since the tide was -falling all around, and there were five or six fathoms of water. -But God preserved us, and we anchored near the above-named cape, -when there came to us fifteen or sixteen canoes of savages. In some -of them there were fifteen or sixteen, who began to manifest great -signs of joy, and made various harangues, which we could not in the -least understand. Sieur de Monts sent three or four men on shore in -our canoe, not only to get water, but to see their chief, whose name -was Honabetha. The latter had a number of knives and other trifles, -which Sieur de Monts gave him, when he came alongside to see us, -together with some of his companions, who were present both along -the shore and in their canoes. We received the chief very cordially, -and made him welcome; who, after remaining some time, went back. -Those whom we had sent to them brought us some little squashes as -big as the fist, which we ate as a salad, like cucumbers, and which -we found very good. They brought also some purslane, which grows in -large quantities among the Indian corn, and of which they make no -more account than of weeds. We saw here a great many little houses, -scattered over the fields where they plant their Indian corn. - -There is, moreover, in this bay a very broad river, which we named -River du Guast. ♦_Charles River_♦ It stretches, as it seemed to me, -towards the Iroquois, a nation in open warfare with the Montagnais, -who live on the great river St. Lawrence. - - -[Illustration: (Decorative separator)] - - Continuation of the Discoveries along the Coast of the - Almouchiquois, and what we observed in detail. - -THE next day we doubled Cap St. Louis, so named by Sieur de Monts, a -land rather low, and in latitude 42° 45′. The same day we sailed two -leagues along a sandy coast, as we passed along which we saw a great -many cabins and gardens. The wind being contrary, we entered a little -bay to await a time favourable for proceeding. ♦_Plymouth Harbour_♦ -There came to us two or three canoes, which had just been fishing for -cod and other fish, which are found there in large numbers. These -they catch with hooks made of a piece of wood, to which they attach -a bone in the shape of a spear, and fasten it very securely. The -whole has a fang-shape, and the line attached to it is made out of -the bark of a tree. They gave me one of their hooks, which I took -as a curiosity. In it the bone was fastened on by hemp, like that -in France, as it seemed to me, and they told me that they gathered -this plant without being obliged to cultivate it; and indicated that -it grew to the height of four or five feet. This canoe went back -on shore to give notice to their fellow inhabitants, who caused -columns of smoke to arise on our account. We saw eighteen or twenty -savages, who came to the shore and began to dance. Our canoe landed -in order to give them some bagatelles, at which they were greatly -pleased. Some of them came to us and begged us to go to their river. -We weighed anchor to do so, but were unable to enter on account of -the small amount of water, it being low tide, and were accordingly -obliged to anchor at the mouth. I went ashore, where I saw many -others, who received us very cordially. I made also an examination of -the river, but saw only an arm of water extending a short distance -inland, where the land is only in part cleared up. Running into this -is merely a brook not deep enough for boats except at full tide. The -circuit of the bay is about a league. On one side of the entrance to -this bay there is a point which is almost an island, covered with -wood, principally pines, with sand-banks, which are very extensive, -all about. On the other side, the land is high. There are two islets -in this bay, which are not seen until one has entered, and around -which it is almost entirely dry at low tide. This place is very -conspicuous from the sea, for the coast is very low, excepting the -cape at the entrance to the bay. We named it the Port du Cap St. -Louis, distant two leagues from the above cape, and ten from the -Island Cape. It is in about the same latitude as Cap St. Louis. - -On the 19th of the month, we set out from this place. Coasting along -in a southerly direction, we sailed four or five leagues, and passed -near a rock on a level with the surface of the water. As we continued -our course, we saw some land which seemed to us to be islands, but -as we came nearer we found it to be the main land, lying to the -north-north-west of us, and that it was the cape of a large bay, -containing more than eighteen or nineteen leagues in circuit, into -which we had run so far that we had to wear off on the other tack in -order to double the cape which we had seen. ♦_Cape Cod_♦ The latter -we named Cap Blanc, since it consisted of sands and downs which had -a white appearance. A favourable wind was of great assistance to us -here, for otherwise we should have been in danger of being driven -upon the coast. This bay is very safe, provided the land be not -approached nearer than a good league, there being no islands nor -rocks except that just mentioned, which is near a river that extends -some distance inland, which we named St. Suzanne du Cap Blanc, -♦_Wellfleet Harbour_♦ whence across to Cap St. Louis the distance -is ten leagues. Cap Blanc is a point of sand, which bends around -towards the south some six leagues. This coast is rather high, and -consists of sand, which is very conspicuous as one comes from the -sea. At a distance of some fifteen or eighteen leagues from land, the -depth of the water is thirty, forty, and fifty fathoms, but only ten -on nearing the shore, which is unobstructed. There is a large extent -of open country along the shore before reaching the woods, which are -very attractive and beautiful. We anchored off the coast, and saw -some savages, towards whom four of our company proceeded. Making -their way upon a sand-bank, they observed something like a bay, and -cabins bordering it on all sides. When they were about a league and a -half from us, there came to them a savage dancing all over, as they -expressed it. He had come down from the high shore, but turned about -shortly after to inform his fellow inhabitants of our arrival. - -The next day, the 20th of the month, we went to the place which our -men had seen, and which we found a very dangerous harbour ♦_Nauset -Harbour_♦ in consequence of the shoals and banks, where we saw -breakers in all directions. It was almost low tide when we entered, -and there were only four feet of water in the northern passage; at -high tide, there are two fathoms. After we had entered, we found the -place very spacious, being perhaps three or four leagues in circuit, -entirely surrounded by little houses, around each one of which there -was as much land as the occupant needed for his support. A small -river enters here, which is very pretty, and in which at low tide -there are some three and a half feet of water. There are also two or -three brooks bordered by meadows. It would be a very fine place, if -the harbour were good. I took the altitude, and found the latitude -42°, and the deflection of the magnetic needle 18° 40′. Many savages, -men and women, visited us, and ran up on all sides dancing. We named -this place Port de Mallebarre. - -The next day, the 21st of the month, Sieur de Monts determined to go -and see their habitations. Nine or ten of us accompanied him with our -arms; the rest remained to guard the barque. We went about a league -along the coast. Before reaching their cabins, we entered a field -planted with Indian corn in the manner before described. The corn -was in flower, and five and a half feet high. There was some less -advanced, which they plant later. We saw many Brazilian beans, and -many squashes of various sizes, very good for eating; some tobacco, -and roots which they cultivate, the latter having the taste of an -artichoke. The woods are filled with oaks, nut-trees, and beautiful -cypresses, which are of a reddish colour and have a very pleasant -odour. There were also several fields entirely uncultivated, the -land being allowed to remain fallow. When they wish to plant it, -they set fire to the weeds, and then work it over with their wooden -spades. Their cabins are round, and covered with heavy thatch made -of reeds. In the roof there is an opening of about a foot and a -half, whence the smoke from the fire passes out. We asked them if -they had their permanent abode in this place, and whether there was -much snow. But we were unable to ascertain this fully from them, -not understanding their language, although they made an attempt to -inform us by signs, by taking some sand in their hands, spreading -it out over the ground, and indicating that it was of the colour of -our collars, and that it reached the depth of a foot. Others made -signs that there was less, and gave us to understand also that the -harbour never froze; but we were unable to ascertain whether the snow -lasted long. I conclude, however, that this region is of moderate -temperature, and the winter not severe. While we were there, there -was a north-east storm, which lasted four days; the sky being so -overcast that the sun hardly shone at all. It was very cold, and we -were obliged to put on our great-coats, which we had entirely left -off. Yet I think the cold was accidental, as it is often experienced -elsewhere out of season. - -On the 23d of July, four or five seamen having gone on shore with -some kettles to get fresh water, which was to be found in one of the -sand-banks a short distance from our barque, some of the savages, -coveting them, watched the time when our men went to the spring, and -then seized one out of the hands of a sailor, who was the first to -dip, and who had no weapons. One of his companions, starting to run -after him, soon returned, as he could not catch him, since he ran -much faster than himself. The other savages, of whom there were a -large number, seeing our sailors running to our barque, and at the -same time shouting to us to fire at them, took to flight. At the time -there were some of them in our barque, who threw themselves into -the sea, only one of whom we were able to seize. Those on the land -who had taken to flight, seeing them swimming, returned straight -to the sailor from whom they had taken away the kettle, hurled -several arrows at him from behind, and brought him down. Seeing -this, they ran at once to him, and despatched him with their knives. -Meanwhile, haste was made to go on shore, and muskets were fired from -our barque: mine, bursting in my hands, came near killing me. The -savages, hearing this discharge of fire-arms, took to flight, and -with redoubled speed when they saw that we had landed, for they were -afraid when they saw us running after them. There was no likelihood -of our catching them, for they are as swift as horses. We brought in -the murdered man, and he was buried some hours later. Meanwhile, we -kept the prisoner bound by the feet and hands on board of our barque, -fearing that he might escape. But Sieur de Monts resolved to let -him go, being persuaded that he was not to blame, and that he had -no previous knowledge of what had transpired, as also those who, at -the time, were in and about our barque. Some hours later there came -some savages to us, to excuse themselves, indicating by signs and -demonstrations that it was not they who had committed this malicious -act, but others farther off in the interior. We did not wish to harm -them, although it was in our power to avenge ourselves. - -All these savages from the Island Cape wear neither robes nor furs, -except very rarely: moreover, their robes are made of grasses and -hemp, scarcely covering the body, and coming down only to their -thighs. They have only the private parts concealed with a small piece -of leather; so likewise the women, with whom it comes down a little -lower behind than with the men, all the rest of the body being naked. -Whenever the women came to see us, they wore robes which were open -in front. The men cut off the hair on the top of the head like those -at the river Choüacoet. I saw, among other things, a girl with her -hair very neatly dressed, with a skin coloured red, and bordered on -the upper part with little shell-beads. A part of her hair hung down -behind, the rest being braided in various ways. These people paint -the face red, black, and yellow. They have scarcely any beard, and -tear it out as fast as it grows. Their bodies are well-proportioned. -I cannot tell what government they have, but I think that in this -respect they resemble their neighbours, who have none at all. They -know not how to worship or pray; yet, like the other savages, they -have some superstitions, which I shall describe in their place. As -for weapons, they have only pikes, clubs, bows and arrows. It would -seem from their appearance that they have a good disposition, better -than those of the north, but they are all in fact of no great worth. -Even a slight intercourse with them gives you at once a knowledge -of them. They are great thieves and, if they cannot lay hold of any -thing with their hands, they try to do so with their feet, as we -have oftentimes learned by experience. I am of opinion that, if they -had any thing to exchange with us, they would not give themselves to -thieving. They bartered away to us their bows, arrows and quivers, -for pins and buttons; and if they had had any thing else better they -would have done the same with it. It is necessary to be on one’s -guard against this people, and live in a state of distrust of them, -yet without letting them perceive it. They gave us a large quantity -of tobacco, which they dry and then reduce to powder. When they eat -Indian corn, they boil it in earthen pots, which they make in a way -different from ours. They pound it also in wooden mortars and reduce -it to flour, of which they then make cakes, like the Indians of Peru. - -In this place and along the whole coast from Quinibequy, there are -a great many _siguenocs_, ♦_Horseshoe Crab_♦ which is a fish with a -shell on its back like the tortoise, yet different, there being in -the middle a row of little prickles, of the colour of a dead leaf, -like the rest of the fish. At the end of this shell, there is another -still smaller, bordered by very sharp points. The length of the tail -varies according to their size. With the end of it, these people -point their arrows, and it contains also a row of prickles like the -large shell in which are the eyes. There are eight small feet like -those of the crab, and two behind longer and flatter, which they use -in swimming. There are also in front two other very small ones with -which they eat. When walking, all the feet are concealed excepting -the two hindermost, which are slightly visible. Under the small shell -there are membranes which swell up, and beat like the throat of a -frog, and rest upon each other like the folds of a waistcoat. The -largest specimen of this fish that I saw was a foot broad, and a -foot and a half long. - -We saw also a sea-bird with a black beak, the upper part slightly -aquiline, four inches long and in the form of a lancet; namely, the -lower part representing the handle and the upper the blade, which is -thin, sharp on both sides, and shorter by a third than the other, -which circumstance is a matter of astonishment to many persons, who -cannot comprehend how it is possible for this bird to eat with such -a beak. It is of the size of a pigeon, the wings being very long in -proportion to the body, the tail short, as also the legs, which are -red; the feet being small and flat. The plumage on the upper part -is gray-brown, and on the under part pure white. They go always in -flocks along the sea-shore, like the pigeons with us. - -The savages, along all these coasts where we have been, say that -other birds, which are very large, come along when their corn is -ripe. They imitated for us their cry, which resembles that of the -turkey. They showed us their feathers in several places, with which -they feather their arrows, and which they put on their heads for -decoration; and also a kind of hair which they have under the throat -like those we have in France, and they say that a red crest falls -over upon the beak. According to their description, they are as large -as a bustard, which is a kind of goose, having the neck longer and -twice as large as those with us. All these indications led us to -conclude that they were turkeys. We should have been very glad to -see some of these birds, as well as their feathers, for the sake -of greater certainty. Before seeing their feathers, and the little -bunch of hair which they have under the throat, and hearing their cry -imitated, I should have thought that they were certain birds like -turkeys, which are found in some places in Peru, along the sea-shore, -eating carrion and other dead things like crows. But these are not so -large; nor do they have so long a wattle, or a cry like that of real -turkeys; nor are they good to eat like those which the Indians say -come in flocks in summer, and at the beginning of winter go away to -warmer countries, their natural dwelling-place. - - -[Illustration: (Decorative separator)] - - Return from the Discoveries along the Coast of the Almouchiquois. - -We had spent more than five weeks in going over three degrees of -latitude, and our voyage was limited to six, since we had not taken -provisions for a longer time. In consequence of fogs and storms, we -had not been able to go farther than Mallebarre, where we waited -several days for fair weather, in order to sail. Finding ourselves -accordingly pressed by the scantiness of provisions, Sieur de Monts -determined to return to the Island of St. Croix, in order to find -another place more favourable for our settlement, as we had not been -able to do on any of the coasts which we had explored on this voyage. - -Accordingly, on the 25th of July, we set out from this harbour, -in order to make observations elsewhere. In going out, we came -near being lost on the bar at the entrance, from the mistake of -our pilots, Cramolet and Champdoré, masters of the barque, who had -imperfectly marked out the entrance of the channel on the southern -side, where we were to go. Having escaped this danger, we headed -north-east for six leagues, until we reached Cap Blanc, sailing -on from there to Island Cape, a distance of fifteen leagues, with -the same wind. Then we headed east-north-east sixteen leagues, as -far as Choüacoet, where we saw the savage chief, Marchin, whom we -had expected to see at the Lake Quinibequy. He had the reputation -of being one of the valiant ones of his people. He had a fine -appearance: all his motions were dignified, savage as he was. Sieur -de Monts gave him many presents, with which he was greatly pleased; -and, in return, Marchin gave him a young Etechemin boy, whom he had -captured in war, and whom we took away with us; and thus we set -out, mutually good friends. We headed north-east a quarter east for -fifteen leagues, as far as Quinibequy, where we arrived on the 29th -of the month, and where we were expecting to find a savage, named -Sasinou, of whom I spoke before. Thinking that he would come, we -waited some time for him, in order to recover from him an Etechemin -young man and girl, whom he was holding as prisoners. While waiting, -there came to us a captain called Anassou, who trafficked a little -in furs, and with whom we made an alliance. ♦_Waymouth in the -Archangel_♦ He told us that there was a ship, ten leagues off the -harbour, which was engaged in fishing, and that those on her had -killed five savages of this river, under cover of friendship. From -his description of the men on the vessel, we concluded that they were -English, and we named the Island where they were La Nef; ♦_Monhegan_♦ -for, at a distance, it had the appearance of a ship. Finding that the -above-mentioned Sasinou did not come, we headed east-south-east, for -twenty leagues, to Isle Haute, where we anchored until morning. - -On the next day, the 1st of August, ♦_August_♦ we sailed east some -twenty leagues to Cap Corneille, where we spent the night. ♦_Machias -Bay_♦ On the 2d of the month, we sailed north-east seven leagues -to the mouth of the river St. Croix, on the western shore. Having -anchored between the two first islands, ♦_Campobello and Eastport_♦ -Sieur de Monts embarked in a canoe, at a distance of six leagues from -the settlement of St. Croix, where we arrived the next day with our -barque. We found there Sieur des Antons of St. Malo, who had come in -one of the vessels of Sieur de Monts, to bring provisions and also -other supplies for those who were to winter in this country. - - - - - George Waymouth - - 1605 - - ST. GEORGE’S RIVER - - GEORGE WAYMOUTH _was sent to the Maine coast in 1605 to select a - location for a settlement. His employers, the Earl of Southampton - and Thomas Arundell, had some definite purpose in mind, but their - plans were never fulfilled, and nothing is now known regarding - their intentions. Hon. James Phinney Baxter, in his life of Sir - Ferdinando Gorges, published at Portland in 1890, suggested that - Arundell, who was a papal count, may have had some scheme for - establishing a colony in which Roman Catholic Englishmen might find - a refuge in case of a renewal of persecution in England. A document - in the Roman archives shows that a Catholic priest accompanied - Waymouth’s ship. He may have been the James Rosier who wrote an - account of the voyage, which was printed at London shortly after - the return._ - - -[Illustration: _Second English Book relating to New England_ - - A - TRVE RELATION - of the most prosperous voyage - _made this present yeere 1605_, - by Captaine _George Waymouth_, - in the Discouery of the land - of _Virginia_. - - Where he discouered 60 miles vp - a most excellent Riuer; together - with a most - fertile land. - - _Written by_ IAMES ROSIER, - _a Gentleman employed - in the voyage._ - - LONDINI - _Impensis_ GEOR. BISHOP. - 1605.] - - -[Illustration: (Decorative banner)] - - A TRUE RELATION of Captaine GEORGE WAYMOUTH his Voyage, made - this present yeere 1605; in the Discouerie of the North part of - _Virginia_. - -VPON Tuesday the 5 day of March, ♦_1605 March_♦ about ten a clocke -afore noone, we set saile from Ratcliffe, and came to an anker that -tide about two a clocke before Grauesend. - -From thence the 10 of March being Sunday at night we ankered in the -Downes: and there rode til the next day about three a clocke after -noone, when with a scant winde we set saile; and by reason the winde -continued Southwardly, we were beaten vp and doune: but on Saturday -the 16 day about foure a clocke after noon we put into Dartmouth -Hauen, where the continuance of the winde at South & Southwest -constrained vs to ride till the last of this moneth. There we shipped -some of our men and supplied necessaries for our Ship and Voyage. - -Upon Easter day, being the last of March, the winde comming at -North-North-East, about fiue a clocke after noone we wayed anker, and -put to sea. In the name of God, being well victualled and furnished -with munition and all necessaries: Our whole Company being but 29 -persons; of whom I may boldly say, few voyages have beene manned -forth with better Sea-men generally in respect of our small number. - -Munday the next day, being the first of Aprill, ♦_April_♦ by sixe a -clocke in the morning we were sixe leagues South-South-East from the -Lizarde. - -At two a clocke in the afternoone this day, the weather being very -faire, our Captaine for his owne experience and others with him -sounded, and had sixe and fiftie fathoms and a halfe. The sounding -was some small blacke perrie sand, some reddish sand, a match or two, -with small shels called Saint James his Shels. - -The foureteenth of Aprill being Sunday, betweene nine and ten of the -clocke in the morning our Captaine descried the Iland Cueruo: which -bare South-West and by West, about seuen leagues from vs: by eleuen -of the clocke we descried Flores to the Southward of Cueruo, as it -lieth: by foure a clocke in the afternoone we brought Cueruo due -South from vs within two leagues of the shore, but we touched not, -because the winde was faire, and we thought our selues sufficiently -watered and wooded. - -Heere our Captaine obserued the Sunne, and found himselfe in the -latitude of 40 degrees and 7 minutes: so he judged the North part -of Cueruo to be in 40 degrees. After we had kept our course about a -hundred leagues from the Ilands, by continuall Southerly windes we -were forced and driuen from the Southward, whither we first intended. -And when our Captaine by long beating saw it was but in vaine to -striue with windes, not knowing Gods purposes heerein to our further -blessing, (which after by his especiall direction wee found) he -thought best to stand as nigh as he could by the winde to recouer -what land we might first discouer. - -Munday, the 6 of May, ♦_May_♦ being in the latitude of 39 and a -halfe about ten a clocke afore noone, we came to a riplin, which we -discerned a head our ship, which is a breach of water caused either -by a fall, or by some meeting of currents, which we judged this to -be; for the weather being very faire, and a small gale of winde, we -sounded and found no ground in a hundred fathoms. - -Munday, the 13 of May, about eleuen a clocke afore noone, our -Captaine, judging we were not farre from land, sounded, and had a -soft oaze in a hundred and sixty fathomes. At fowre a clocke after -noone we sounded againe, and had the same oaze in a hundred fathoms. - -From ten a clocke that night till three a clocke in the morning, -our Captaine tooke in all sailes and lay at hull, being desirous to -fall with the land in the day time, because it was an unknowen coast, -which it pleased God in his mercy to grant vs, otherwise we had run -our ship vpon the hidden rockes and perished all. For when we set -saile we sounded in 100 fathoms: and by eight a clock, hauing not -made aboue fiue or six leagues, our Captaine vpon a sudden change of -water (supposing verily he saw the sand) presently sounded, and had -but fiue fathoms. Much maruelling because we saw no land, he sent one -to the top, who thence descried a whitish sandy cliffe, ♦_Sankaty -Head_♦ which bare West-North-West about six leagues off from vs: but -comming neerer within three or fowre leagues, we saw many breaches -still neerer the land: at last we espied a great breach a head vs -al along the shore, into which before we should enter, our Captaine -thought best to hoise out his ship boate and sound it. Which if he -had not done, we had beene in great danger: for he bare vp the ship, -as neere as he durst after the boate: vntill Thomas Cam, his mate, -being in the boat, called to him to tacke about & stand off, for in -this breach he had very showld water, two fathoms and lesse vpon -rockes, and sometime they supposed they saw the rocke within three -or fowre foote, whereon the sea made a very strong breach: which we -might discerne (from the top) to run along as we sailed by it 6 or -7 leagues to the Southward. This was in the latitude of 41 degrees, -20 minuts: wherefore we were constrained to put backe againe from the -land: and sounding, (the weather being very faire and a small winde) -we found our selues embaied with continuall showldes and rockes in -a most uncertaine ground, from five or sixe fathoms, at the next -cast of the lead we should haue 15 & 18 fathoms. Ouer many which we -passed, and God so blessed vs, that we had wind and weather as faire -as poore men in this distresse could wish: whereby we both perfectly -discerned euery breach, and with the winde were able to turne, where -we saw most hope of safest passage. Thus we parted from the land, -which we had not so much before desired, and at the first sight -rejoiced, as now we all joifully praised God, that it had pleased him -to deliuer vs from so imminent danger. - -Heere we found great store of excellent Cod fish, and saw many -Whales, as we had done two or three daies before. - -We stood off all that night, and the next day being Wednesday; but -the wind still continuing between the points of South-South-West, and -West-South-West: so as we could not make any way to the Southward, in -regard of our great want of water and wood (which was now spent) we -much desired land and therefore sought for it, where the wind would -best suffer vs to refresh our selues. - -Thursday, the 16 of May, we stood in directly with the land, and much -maruelled we descried it not, wherein we found our sea charts very -false, putting land where none is. - -Friday, the 17 of May, about sixe a clocke at night we descried the -land, which bare from vs North-North-East; but because it blew a -great gale of winde, the sea very high and neere night, not fit to -come vpon an vnknowen coast, we stood off till two a clocke in the -morning, being Saturday: then standing in with it againe, we descried -it by eight a clocke in the morning, bearing North-East from vs. It -appeared a meane high land, as we after found it, ♦_Monhegan_♦ being -but an Iland of some six miles in compasse, but I hope the most -fortunate euer yet discouered. About twelve a clocke that day, we -came to an anker on the North side of this Iland, about a league from -the shore. About two a clocke our Captaine with twelue men rowed in -his ship boat to the shore, where we made no long stay, but laded our -boat with dry wood of olde trees vpon the shore side, and returned to -our ship, where we rode that night. - -This Iland is woody, growen with Firre, Birch, Oke and Beech, as -farre as we saw along the shore; and so likely to be within. On the -verge grow Gooseberries, Strawberries, Wild pease, and Wild rose -bushes. The water issued foorth downe the Rocky cliffes in many -places: and much fowle of diuers kinds breed vpon the shore and rocks. - -While we were at shore, our men aboord with a few hooks got aboue -thirty great Cods and Hadocks, which gaue vs a taste of the great -plenty of fish which we found afterward wheresoeuer we went vpon the -coast. - -From hence we might discerne the maine land from the West-South-West -to the East-North-East, and a great way (as it then seemed, and -as we after found it) vp into the maine we might discerne very -high mountaines, ♦_Camden Hills_♦ though the maine seemed but low -land; which gaue vs a hope it would please God to direct vs to the -discouerie of some good; although wee were driuen by winds farre -from that place, whither (both by our direction and desire) we euer -intended to shape the course of our voyage. - -The next day being Whit-Sunday; because we rode too much open to -the sea and windes, we weyed anker about twelue a clocke, and came -along to the other Ilands more adjoyning to the maine, and in the -rode directly with the mountaines, about three leagues from the first -Iland where we had ankered. - -When we came neere vnto them (sounding all along in a good depth) our -Captaine manned his ship-boat and sent her before with Thomas Cam -one of his Mates, whom he knew to be of good experience, to sound & -search betweene the Ilands for a place safe for our shippe to ride -in; ♦_St. George’s Islands_♦ in the meane while we kept aloofe at -sea, hauing giuen them in the boat a token to weffe in the ship, -if he found a conuenient Harbour; which it pleased God to send vs, -farre beyond our expectation, in a most safe birth defended from all -windes, in an excellent depth of water for ships of any burthen, in -six, seuen, eight, nine and ten fathoms vpon a clay oaze very tough. - -We all with great joy praised God for his vnspeakable goodnesse, who -had from so apparent danger deliuered vs, & directed vs vpon this -day into so secure an Harbour: in remembrance whereof we named it -Pentecost harbor, we arriuing there that day out of our last Harbor -in England, from whence we set saile vpon Easterday. - -About foure a clocke, after we were ankered and well mored, our -Captaine with halfe a dozen of our Company went on shore to seeke -fresh watering, and a conuenient place to set together a pinnesse, -which we brought in pieces out of England; both which we found very -fitting. - -Vpon this Iland, as also vpon the former, we found (at our first -comming to shore) where fire had beene made: and about the place -were very great egge shelles bigger than goose egges, fish bones, and -as we judged, the bones of some beast. - -Here we espied Cranes stalking on the shore of a little Iland -adjoyning; where we after saw they vsed to breed. - -Whitsun-munday, the 20 day of May, very early in the morning, our -Captaine caused the pieces of the pinnesse to be carried a shore, -where while some were busied about her, others digged welles to -receiue the fresh water, which we found issuing downe out of the land -in many places. Heere I cannot omit (for foolish feare of imputation -of flattery) the painfull industry of our Captaine, who as at sea -he is alwayes most carefull and vigilant, so at land he refuseth -no paines; but his labour was euer as much or rather more than any -mans: which not only encourageth others with better content, but also -effecteth much with great expedition. - -In digging we found excellent clay for bricke or tile. - -The next day we finished a well of good and holesome cleere water in -a great empty caske, which we left there. We cut yards, waste trees, -and many necessaries for our ship, while our Carpenter and Cooper -laboured to fit and furnish forth the shallop. - -This day our boat went out about a mile from our ship, and in small -time with two or three hooks was fished sufficiently for our whole -Company three dayes, with great Cod, Haddocke, and Thornebacke. - -And towards night we drew with a small net of twenty fathoms very -nigh the shore: we got about thirty very good and great Lobsters, -many Rockfish, some Plaise, and other small fishes, and fishes called -Lumpes, verie pleasant to the taste: and we generally obserued, that -all the fish, of what kinde soeuer we tooke, were well fed, fat, and -sweet in taste. - -Wednesday, the 22 of May, we felled and cut wood for our ships -vse, cleansed and scoured our wels, and digged a plot of ground, -wherein, amongst some garden seeds, we sowed peaze and barley, which -in sixteen dayes grew eight inches aboue ground; and so continued -growing euery day halfe an inch, although this was but the crust of -the ground, and much inferior to the mould we after found in the -maine. - -Friday, the 24 of May, after we had made an end of cutting wood, and -carying water aboord our shippe, with fourteene Shot and Pikes we -marched about and thorow part of two of the Ilands; the bigger of -which we judged to be foure or fiue miles in compasse, and a mile -broad. - -The profits and fruits which are naturally on these Ilands are these: - - {Rasberries. - All along the shore and {Gooseberries. - some space within, where {Strawberries. - the wood hindereth not, {Roses. - grow plentifully {Currants. - {Wild-Vines. - {Angelica. - - {Birch. - {Beech. - {Ash. - Within the Ilands growe {Maple. - wood of sundry sorts, some {Spruce. - very great, and all tall: {Cherry-tree. - {Yew. - {Oke very great and good. - {Firre-tree, - -out of which issueth Turpentine in so maruellous plenty, and so -sweet, as our Chirurgeon and others affirmed they neuer saw so good -in England. We pulled off much Gumme congealed on the outside of the -barke, which smelled like Frankincense. This would be a great benefit -for making Tarre and Pitch. - -We stayed the longer in this place, not only because of our good -Harbour (which is an excellent comfort) but because euery day we did -more and more discouer the pleasant fruitfulnesse; insomuch as many -of our Companie wished themselues setled heere, not expecting any -further hopes, or better discouery to be made. - -Heere our men found abundance of great muscels among the rocks; and -in some of them many small Pearls: and in one muscell (which we drew -vp in our net) was found foureteene Pearles, whereof one of prety -bignesse and orient; in another aboue fiftie small Pearles; and if -we had had a Drag, no doubt we had found some of great valew, seeing -these did certainly shew, that heere they were bred: the shels all -glistering with mother of Pearle. - -Wednesday, the 29 day, our shallop being now finished, and our -Captaine and men furnished to depart with hir from the ship: we set -vp a crosse on the shore side vpon the rockes. - -Thursday, the 30 of May, about ten a clock afore noon, our Captaine -with 13 men more, in the name of God, and with all our praiers -for their prosperous discouerie, and safe returne, departed in -the shallop: leauing the ship in a good harbour, which before I -mentioned, well mored, and manned with 14 men. - -This day, about fiue a clocke in the afternoone, we in the shippe -espied three Canoas comming towards vs, which went to the iland -adjoining, where they went a shore, and very quickly had made a fire, -about which they stood beholding our ship: to whom we made signes -with our hands and hats, weffing vnto them to come vnto vs, because -we had not seene any of the people yet. They sent one Canoa with -three men, one of which, when they came neere vnto vs, spake in his -language very lowd and very boldly: seeming as though he would know -why we were there, and by pointing with his oare towards the sea, we -conjectured he ment we should be gone. But when we shewed them kniues -and their vse, by cutting of stickes and other trifles, as combs and -glasses, they came close aboard our ship, as desirous to entertaine -our friendship. To these we gaue such things as we perceiued they -liked, when wee shewed them the vse: bracelets, rings, peacocke -feathers, which they stucke in their haire, and Tabacco pipes. After -their departure to their company on the shore, presently came foure -other in another Canoa: to whom we gaue as to the former, vsing them -with as much kindnes as we could. - -The shape of their body is very proportionable, they are wel -countenanced, not very tal nor big, but in stature like to vs: they -paint their bodies with blacke, their faces, some with red, some with -blacke, and some with blew. - -Their clothing is Beauers skins, or Deares skins, cast ouer them like -a mantle, and hanging downe to their knees, made fast together vpon -the shoulder with leather; some of them had sleeues, most had none; -some had buskins of such leather tewed: they haue besides a peece -of Beauers skin betweene their legs, made fast about their waste, to -couer their priuities. - -They suffer no haire to grow on their faces, but on their head very -long and very blacke, which those that haue wiues, binde vp behinde -with a leather string, in a long round knot. - -They seemed all very ciuill and merrie: shewing tokens of much -thankefulnesse, for those things we gaue them. We found them then (as -after) a people of exceeding good inuention, quicke vnderstanding and -readie capacitie. - -Their Canoas are made without any iron, of the bark of a birch tree, -strengthened within with ribs and hoops of wood, in so good fashion, -with such excellent ingenious art, as they are able to beare seuen or -eight persons, far exceeding any in the Indies. - -One of their Canoas came not to vs, wherein we imagined their women -were: of whom they are (as all Saluages) very jealous. - -When I signed unto them they should goe sleepe, because it was night, -they vnderstood presently, and pointed that at the shore, right -against our ship, they would stay all night: as they did. - -The next morning very early, came one Canoa abord vs againe with -three Saluages, whom we easily then enticed into our ship, and vnder -the decke: where we gaue them porke, fish, bread and pease, all -which they did eat; and this I noted, they would eat nothing raw, -either fish or flesh. They maruelled much and much looked vpon the -making of our canne and kettle, so they did at a head-peece and at -our guns, of which they are most fearefull, and would fall flat downe -at the report of them. At their departure I signed vnto them, that if -they would bring me such skins as they ware I would giue them kniues, -and such things as I saw they most liked, which the chiefe of them -promised to do by that time the Sunne should be beyond the middest -of the firmament; this I did to bring them to an vnderstanding of -exchange, and that they might conceiue the intent of our comming to -them to be for no other end. - -About 10 a clocke this day we descried our Shallop returning -toward vs, which so soone as we espied, we certainly conjectured -our Captaine had found some vnexpected harbour, further vp towards -the maine to bring the ship into, or some riuer; knowing his -determination and resolution, not so suddenly else to make return: -which when they came neerer they expressed by shooting volleies of -shot; and when they were come within Musket shot, they gaue vs a -volley and haled vs, then we in the shippe gaue them a great peece -and haled them. - -Thus we welcomed them; who gladded vs exceedingly with their joifull -relation of their happie discouerie, which shall appeare in the -sequele. And we likewise gaue them cause of mutuall joy with vs, in -discoursing of the kinde ciuility we found in a people, where we -little expected any sparke of humanity. - -Our Captaine had in this small time discouered vp a great riuer, -♦_St. George’s River_♦ trending alongst into the maine about forty -miles. The pleasantnesse whereof, with the safety of harbour for -shipping, together with the fertility of ground and other fruits, -which were generally by his whole company related, I omit, till I -report of the whole discouery therein after performed. For by the -breadth, depth and strong flood, imagining it to run far vp into the -land, he with speed returned, intending to flanke his light horsman -for arrowes, least it might happen that the further part of the -riuer should be narrow, and by that meanes subject to the volley of -Saluages on either side out of the woods. - -Vntill his returne, our Captaine left on shore where he landed in a -path (which seemed to be frequented) a pipe, a brooch and a knife, -thereby to know if the Saluages had recourse that way, because they -could at that time see none of them, but they were taken away before -our returne thither. - -I returne now to our Saluages, who according to their appointment -about one a clocke, came with 4 Canoas to the shoare of the iland -right ouer against vs, where they had lodged the last night, and sent -one Canoa to vs with two of those Saluages, who had beene a bord, -and another, who then seemed to haue command of them; for though we -perceiued their willingnesse, yet he would not permit them to come -abord; but he hauing viewed vs and our ship, signed that he would go -to the rest of the company and returne againe. Presently after their -departure it began to raine, and continued all that afternoone, so -as they could not come to vs with their skins and furs, nor we go to -them. But after an howre or there about, the three which had beene -with vs before came againe, whom we had to our fire and couered -them with our gownes. Our Captaine bestowed a shirt vpon him, whom -we thought to be their chiefe, who seemed neuer to haue seene any -before; we gaue him a brooch to hang about his necke, a great knife, -and lesser kniues to the two other, and to euery one of them a combe -and glasse, the vse whereof we shewed them: whereat they laughed -and tooke gladly; we victualled them, and gaue them aqua vitae, -which they tasted, but would by no meanes drinke; our beueridge they -liked well, we gaue them Sugar Candy, which after they had tasted -they liked and desired more, and raisons which were giuen them; and -some of euery thing they would reserue to carry to their company. -Wherefore we pittying their being in the raine, and therefore not -able to get themselues victuall (as we thought) we gaue them bread -and fish. - -Thus because we found the land a place answereable to the intent of -our discouery, viz. fit for any nation to inhabit, we vsed the people -with as great kindnes as we could deuise, or found them capable of. - -The next day, being Saturday and the first of June, ♦_June_♦ I traded -with the Saluages all the fore noone vpon the shore, where were eight -and twenty of them: and because our ship rode nigh, we were but fiue -or sixe: where for kniues, glasses, combes and other trifles to the -valew of foure or fiue shillings, we had 40 good Beauers skins, -Otters skins, Sables, and other small skins, which we knewe not how -to call. Our trade being ended, many of them came abord vs, and did -eat by our fire, and would be verie merrie and bold, in regard of our -kinde vsage of them. Towards night our Captaine went on shore, to -haue a draught with the Sein or Net. And we carried two of them with -vs, who maruelled to see vs catch fish with a net. Most of that we -caught we gaue them and their company. Then on the shore I learned -the names of diuers things of them: and when they perceiued me to -note them downe, they would of themselues, fetch fishes, and fruit -bushes, and stand by me to see me write their names. - -Our Captaine shewed them a strange thing which they woondred at. His -sword and mine hauing beene touched with the Loadstone, tooke vp a -knife, and held it fast when they plucked it away, made the knife -turne, being laid on a blocke, and touching it with his sword, made -that take vp a needle, whereat they much maruelled. This we did to -cause them to imagine some great power in vs: and for that to loue -and feare vs. - -When we went on shore to trade with them, in one of their Canoas I -saw their bowes and arrowes, which I tooke vp and drew an arrow in -one of them, which I found to be of strength able to carry an arrow -fiue or sixe score stronglie; and one of them tooke it and drew as -we draw our bowes, not like the Indians. Their bow is made of Wich -Hazell, and some of Beech in fashion much like our bowes, but they -want nocks, onely a string of leather put through a hole at one end, -and made fast with a knot at the other. Their arrowes are made of -the same wood, some of Ash, big and long, with three feathers tied -on, and nocked very artificiallie: headed with the long shanke bone -of a Deere, made very sharpe with two fangs in manner of a harping -iron. They haue likewise Darts, headed with like bone, one of which -I darted among the rockes, and it brake not. These they vse very -cunningly, to kill fish, fowle and beasts. - -Our Captaine had two of them at supper with vs in his cabbin to see -their demeanure, and had them in presence at seruice: who behaued -themselues very ciuilly, neither laughing nor talking all the time, -and at supper fed not like men of rude education, neither would they -eat or drinke more than seemed to content nature; they desired pease -to carry a shore to their women, which we gaue them, with fish and -bread, and lent them pewter dishes, which they carefully brought -againe. - -In the evening another boat came to them on the shore, and because -they had some Tabacco, which they brought for their owne vse, the -other came for vs, making signe what they had, and offered to carry -some of vs in their boat, but foure or fiue of vs went with them in -our owne boat: when we came on shore they gaue vs the best welcome -they could, spreading fallow Deeres skins for vs to sit on the ground -by their fire, and gaue vs of their Tabacco in our pipes, which was -excellent, and so generally commended of vs all to be as good as -any we euer tooke, being the simple leafe without any composition, -strong, and of sweet taste; they gaue us some to carry to our -Captaine, whom they called our Bashabes; neither did they require any -thing for it, but we would not receiue any thing from them without -remuneration. - -Heere we saw foure of their women, who stood behind them, as -desirous to see vs, but not willing to be seene; for before, -whensoeuer we came on shore, they retired into the woods, whether it -were in regard of their owne naturall modestie, being couered only -as the men with the foresaid Beauers skins, or by the commanding -jealousy of their husbands, which we rather suspected, because it is -an inclination much noted to be in Saluages; wherfore we would by no -meanes seeme to take any speciall notice of them. They were very well -fauoured in proportion of countenance, though coloured blacke, low of -stature, and fat, bare headed as the men, wearing their haire long: -they had two little male children of a yeere and half old, as we -judged, very fat and of good countenances, which they loue tenderly, -all naked, except their legs, which were couered with thin leather -buskins tewed, fastened with strops to a girdle about their waste, -which they girde very streight, and is decked round about with little -round peeces of red Copper; to these I gaue chaines and bracelets, -glasses, and other trifles, which the Saluages seemed to accept in -great kindnesse. - -At our comming away, we would haue had those two that supped with vs, -to go abord and sleepe, as they had promised; but it appeared their -company would not suffer them. Whereat we might easily perceiue they -were much greeued; but not long after our departure, they came with -three more to our ship, signing to vs, that if one of our company -would go lie on shore with them, they would stay with vs. Then Owen -Griffin (one of the two we were to leaue in the Country, if we had -thought it needfull or conuenient) went with them in their Canoa, and -3 of them staied aborde vs, whom our whole company very kindly vsed. -Our Captaine saw their lodging prouided, and them lodged in an old -saile vpon the Orlop; and because they much feared our dogs, they -were tied vp whensoeuer any of them came abord vs. - -Owen Griffin, which lay on the shore, reported vnto me their maner, -and (as I may terme them) the ceremonies of their idolatry; which -they performe thus. One among them (the eldest of the Company, as he -judged) riseth right vp, the other sitting still, and looking about, -suddenly cried with a loud voice, Baugh, Waugh: ♦_Powwow_♦ then the -women fall downe, and lie vpon the ground, and the men all together -answering the same, fall a stamping round about the fire with both -feet, as hard as they can, making the ground shake, with sundry -out-cries, and change of voice and sound. Many take the fire-sticks -and thrust them into the earth, and then rest awhile: of a sudden -beginning as before, they continue so stamping, till the yonger sort -fetched from the shore many stones, of which euery man tooke one, -and first beat vpon them with their fire-sticks, then with the stones -beat the earth with all their strength. And in this maner (as he -reported) they continued aboue two houres. - -After this ended, they which haue wiues take them apart, and withdraw -themselues seuerally into the wood all night. - -The next morning, as soone as they saw the Sunne rise, they pointed -to him to come with them to our shippe: and hauing receiued their -men from vs, they came with fiue or sixe of their Canoas and Company -houering about our ship; to whom (because it was the Sabbath day) -I signed they should depart, and at the next Sun rising we would -goe along with them to their houses; which they vnderstood (as we -thought) and departed, some of their Canoas coursing about the Iland, -and the other directly towards the maine. - -This day, about fiue a clocke after noone, came three other Canoas -from the maine, of which some had beene with vs before; and they -came aboord vs, and brought vs Tabacco, which we tooke with them -in their pipes, which were made of earth, very strong, blacke, and -short containing a great quantity: some Tabacco they gaue vnto our -Captaine, and some to me, in very ciuill kind maner. We requited them -with bread and peaze, which they caried to their Company on shore, -seeming very thankefull. After supper they returned with their Canoa -to fetch vs a shore to take Tabacco with them there: with whom six -or seuen of vs went, and caried some trifles, if peradventure they -had any trucke, among which I caried some few biskets, to try if -they would exchange for them, seeing they so well liked to eat them. -When we came at shore, they most kindly entertained vs, taking vs -by the hands, as they had obserued we did to them aboord, in token -of welcome, and brought vs to sit downe by their fire, where sat -together thirteene of them. They filled their Tabacco pipe, which was -then the short claw of a Lobster, which will hold ten of our pipes -full, and we dranke of their excellent Tabacco as much as we would -with them; but we saw not any great quantity to trucke for; and it -seemed they had not much left of old, for they spend a great quantity -yeerely by their continuall drinking: and they would signe vnto vs, -that it was growen yet but a foot aboue ground, and would be aboue -a yard high, with a leafe as broad as both their hands. They often -would (by pointing to one part of the maine Eastward) signe vnto vs, -that their Bashabes (that is, their King) had great plenty of Furres, -and much Tabacco. When we had sufficiently taken Tabacco with them, I -shewed some of our trifles for trade; but they made signe that they -had there nothing to exchange; for (as I after conceiued) they had -beene fishing and fowling, and so came thither to lodge that night by -vs: for when we were ready to come away, they shewed vs great cups -made very wittily of barke, in forme almost square, full of a red -berry about the bignesse of a bullis, which they did eat, and gaue -vs by handfuls; of which (though I liked not the taste) yet I kept -some, because I would by no meanes but accept their kindnesse. They -shewed me likewise a great piece of fish, whereof I tasted, and it -was fat like Porpoise; and another kinde of great scaly fish, broiled -on the coales, much like white Salmon, which the Frenchmen call -Aloza, ♦_Shad_♦ for these they would haue had bread; which I refused, -because in maner of exchange, I would alwayes make the greatest -esteeme I could of our commodities whatsoeuer; although they saw -aboord our Captaine was liberall to giue them, to the end we might -allure them still to frequent vs. Then they shewed me foure yoong -Goslings, for which they required foure biskets, but I offered them -two; which they tooke and were well content. - -At our departure they made signe, that if any of vs would stay there -on shore, some of them would go lie aboord vs: at which motion two of -our Company stayed with them, and three of the Saluages lodged with -vs in maner as the night before. - -Early the next morning, being Munday the third of June, when they -had brought our men aboord, they came about our ship, earnestly -by signes desiring that we would go with them along to the maine, -for that there they had Furres and Tabacco to traffique with vs. -Wherefore our Captaine manned the light-horseman with as many men as -he could well, which were about fifteene with rowers and all; and we -went along with them. Two of their Canoas they sent away before, and -they which lay aboord vs all night, kept company with vs to direct vs. - -This we noted as we went along, they in their Canoa with three oares, -would at their will go ahead of vs and about vs, when we rowed with -eight oares strong; such was their swiftnesse, by reason of the -lightnesse and artificiall composition of their Canoa and oares. - -When we came neere the point where we saw their fires, ♦_Pemaquid_♦ -where they intended to land, and where they imagined some few of -vs would come on shore with our merchandize, as we had accustomed -before; when they had often numbred our men very diligently, they -scoured away to their Company, not doubting we would haue followed -them. But when we perceiued this, and knew not either their intents, -or number of Saluages on the shore, our Captaine, after consultation, -stood off, and wefted them to vs, determining that I should go on -shore first to take a view of them, and what they had to traffique: -if he, whom at our first sight of them seemed to be of most respect -among them, and being then in the Canoa, would stay as a pawne for -me. When they came to vs (notwithstanding all our former courtesies) -he vtterly refused; but would leaue a yoong Saluage: and for him -our Captaine sent Griffin in their Canoa, while we lay hulling a -little off. Griffin at his returne reported, thay had there assembled -together, as he numbred them, two hundred eighty three Saluages, -euery one his bowe and arrowes, with their dogges, and wolues which -they keepe tame at command, and not anything to exchange at all; -but would haue drawen vs further vp into a little narrow nooke of a -riuer, for their Furres, as they pretended. - -These things considered, we began to joyne them in the ranke of other -Saluages, who haue beene by trauellers in most discoueries found very -trecherous; neuer attempting mischiefe, vntill by some remisnesse, -fit opportunity affoordeth them certaine ability to execute the same. -Wherefore after good advice taken, we determined so soone as we could -to take some of them, least (being suspitious we had discouered their -plots) they should absent themselues from vs. - -Tuesday, the fourth of June, our men tooke Cod and Hadocke with hooks -by our ship side, and Lobsters very great; which before we had not -tried. - -About eight a clocke this day we went on shore with our boats, to -fetch aboord water and wood, our Captaine leauing word with the -Gunner in the shippe, by discharging a musket, to giue notice if -they espied any Canoa comming; which they did about ten a clocke. He -therefore being carefull they should be kindly entreated, requested -me to go aboord, intending with dispatch to make what haste after -he possibly could. When I came to the ship, there were two Canoas, -and in either of them three Saluages; of whom two were below at the -fire, the other staied in their Canoas about the ship; and because we -could not entice them abord, we gaue them a Canne of pease and bread, -which they carried to the shore to eat. But one of them brought backe -our Canne presently and staid abord with the other two; for he being -yoong, of a ready capacity, and one we most desired to bring with vs -into England, had receiued exceeding kinde vsage at our hands, and -was therefore much delighted in our company. When our Captaine was -come, we consulted how to catch the other three at shore which we -performed thus. - -We manned the light horseman with 7 or 8 men, one standing before -carried our box of Marchandise, as we were woont when I went to -traffique with them, and a platter of pease, which meat they loued: -but before we were landed, one of them (being too suspitiously -feareful of his owne good) withdrew himselfe into the wood. The other -two met vs on the shore side, to receiue the pease, with whom we went -vp the Cliffe to their fire and sate downe with them, and whiles we -were discussing how to catch the third man who was gone, I opened -the box, and shewed them trifles to exchange, thinking thereby to -haue banisht feare from the other, and drawen him to returne: but -when we could not, we vsed little delay, but suddenly laid hands -vpon them. And it was as much as fiue or sixe of vs could doe to get -them into the light horseman. For they were strong and so naked as -our best hold was by their long haire on their heads; and we would -haue beene very loath to haue done them any hurt, which of necessity -we had beene constrained to haue done if we had attempted them in a -multitude, which we must and would, rather than haue wanted them, -being a matter of great importance for the full accomplement of our -voyage. - -Thus we shipped fiue Saluages, two Canoas, with all their bowes and -arrowes. - -The next day we made an end of getting our wood aboord, and filled -our empty caske with water. - -Thursday, the 6 of June, we spent in bestowing the Canoas vpon the -orlop safe from hurt, because they were subject to breaking, which -our Captaine was carefull to preuent. - -Saturday the eight of June (our Captaine being desirous to finish -all businesse about this harbour) very early in the morning, with -the light horseman, coasted fiue or sixe leagues about the Ilands -adjoining, and sounded all along wheresoeuer we went. He likewise -diligently searched the mouth of the Harbour, and about the rocks -which shew themselues at all times, and are an excellent breach of -the water, so as no Sea can come in to offend the Harbour. This he -did to instruct himselfe, and thereby able to direct others that -shall happen to come to this place. For euery where both neere the -rocks, & in all soundings about the Ilands, we neuer found lesse -water than foure and fiue fathoms, which was seldome; but seuen, -eight, nine and ten fathoms is the continuall sounding by the shore. -In some places much deeper vpon clay oaze or soft sand: so that if -any bound for this place, should be either driuen or scanted with -winds, he shall be able (with his directions) to recouer safely his -harbour most securely in water enough by foure seuerall passages, -more than which I thinke no man of judgement will desire as -necessarie. - -Vpon one of the Ilands (because it had a pleasant sandy Coue for -small barks to ride in) we landed, and found hard by the shore a -pond of fresh water, which flowed ouer the banks, somewhat ouer -growen with little shrub trees, and searching vp in the Iland, we saw -it fed with a strong run, which with small labour, and little time, -might be made to driue a mill. In this Iland, as in the other, were -spruce trees of excellent timber and height, able to mast ships of -great burthen. - -While we thus sounded from one place to another in so good deepes, -our Captaine to make some triall of the fishing himselfe, caused a -hooke or two to be cast out at the mouth of the harbour, not aboue -halfe a league from our ship, where in small time only, with the -baits which they cut from the fish and three hooks, we got fish -enough for our whole Company (though now augmented) for three daies. -Which I omit not to report, because it sheweth how great a profit the -fishing would be, they being so plentifull, so great, and so good, -with such conuenient drying as can be wished, neere at hand vpon the -Rocks. - -This day, about one a clocke after noone, came from the Eastward two -Canoas abord vs, wherein was he that refused to stay with vs for a -pawne, and with him six other Saluages which we had not seene before, -who had beautified themselues after their manner very gallantly, -though their clothing was not differing from the former, yet they -had newly painted their faces very deep, some all blacke, some red, -with stripes of excellent blew ouer their vpper lips, nose and -chin. One of them ware a kinde of Coronet about his head, made very -cunningly, of a substance like stiffe haire coloured red, broad, and -more than a handfull in depth, which we imagined to be some ensigne -of his superioritie; for he so much esteemed it as he would not for -any thing exchange the same. Other ware the white feathered skins -of some fowle, round about their head, jewels in their ears, and -bracelets of little white round bone, fastned together vpon a leather -string. These made not any shew that they had notice of the other -before taken, but we vnderstood them by their speech and signes, -that they came sent from the Bashabes, and that his desire was that -we would bring vp our ship (which they call as their owne boats, a -Quiden) to his house, being, as they pointed, vpon the main towards -the East, from whence they came, and that he would exchange with vs -for Furres and Tabacco. But because our Company was but small, and -now our desire was with speed to discouer vp the river, we let them -vnderstand, that if their Bashabes would come to vs, he should be -welcome, but we would not remoue to him. Which when they vnderstood -(receiuing of vs bread and fish, and euery of them a knife) they -departed; for we had then no will to stay them long abord, least they -should discouer the other Saluages which we had stowed below. - -Tuesday, the 11 of June, we passed vp into the riuer with our ship, -about six and twenty miles. Of which I had rather not write, then by -my relation to detract from the worthinesse thereof. For the Riuer, -besides that it is subject by shipping to bring in all traffiques -of Marchandise, a benefit alwaies accounted the richest treasury to -any land: for which cause our Thames hath that due denomination, -and France by her nauigable Riuers receiueth hir greatest wealth; -yet this place of it selfe from God and nature affoordeth as much -diuersitie of good commodities, as any reasonable man can wish, for -present habitation and planting. - -The first and chiefest thing required, is a bold coast and faire land -to fall with; the next, a safe harbour for ships to ride in. - -The first is a speciall attribute to this shore, being most free from -sands or dangerous rocks in a continuall good depth, with a most -excellent land-fall, which is the first Iland we fell with, named by -vs, Saint Georges Iland. ♦_Monhegan_♦ For the second, by judgement -of our Captaine, who knoweth most of the coast of England, and most -of other Countries, (hauing beene experienced by imployments in -discoueries and trauels from his childhood) and by opinion of others -of good judgement in our shippe, heere are more good harbours for -ships of all burthens, than England can affoord, and far more secure -from all winds and weathers, than any in England, Scotland, France -or Spaine. For besides without the Riuer in the channell, and sounds -about the ilands adjoining to the mouth thereof, no better riding can -be desired for an infinite number of ships. The Riuer it selfe as -it runneth vp into the main very nigh forty miles toward the great -mountaines, beareth in bredth a mile, sometime three quarters, and -halfe a mile is the narrowest, where you shall neuer haue vnder 4 and -5 fathoms water hard by the shore, but 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 fathoms -all along, and on both sides euery halfe mile very gallant Coues, -some able to conteine almost a hundred saile, where the ground is -excellent soft oaze with a tough clay vnder for anker hold, and where -ships may ly without either Cable or Anker, only mored to the shore -with a Hauser. - -It floweth by their judgement eighteen or twenty foot at high water. - -Heere are made by nature most excellent places, as Docks to graue or -Carine ships of all burthens; secured from all windes, which is such -a necessary incomparable benefit, that in few places in England, or -in any parts of Christendome, art, with great charges, can make the -like. - -Besides, the bordering land is a most rich neighbour trending all -along on both sides, in an equall plaine, neither mountainous nor -rocky, but verged with a greene bordure of grasse, doth make tender -vnto the beholder of hir pleasant fertility, if by clensing away the -woods she were conuerted into meddow. - -The wood she beareth is not shrubbish fit only for fewell, but goodly -tall Firre, Spruce, Birch, Beech, Oke, which in many places is not -so thicke, but may with small labour be made feeding ground, being -plentifull like the outward Ilands with fresh water, which streameth -downe in many places. - -As we passed with a gentle winde vp with our ship in this Riuer, any -man may conceiue with what admiration we all consented in joy. Many -of our Company who had beene trauellers in sundry countries, and in -the most famous Riuers, yet affirmed them not comparable to this they -now beheld. Some that were with Sir Walter Ralegh in his voyage to -Guiana, in the discouery of the Riuer Orenoque, which echoed fame to -the worlds eares, gaue reasons why it was not to be compared with -this, which wanteth the dangers of many Shoules, and broken ground, -wherewith that was incombred. Others before that notable Riuer in -the West Indies called Rio Grande; some before the Riuer of Loyer, -the Riuer Seine, and of Burdeaux in France, which although they be -great and goodly Riuers, yet it is no detraction from them to be -accounted inferiour to this, which not only yeeldeth all the foresaid -pleasant profits, but also appeared infallibly to vs free from all -inconueniences. - -I will not prefer it before our riuer of Thames, because it is -Englands richest treasure; but we all did wish those excellent -Harbours, good deeps in a continuall conuenient breadth, and small -tide-gates, to be as well therein for our countries good, as we found -thē here (beyond our hopes) in certaine, for those to whom it shall -please God to grant this land for habitation; which if it had, with -the other inseparable adherent commodities here to be found; then -I would boldly affirme it to be the most rich, beautifull, large & -secure harbouring riuer that the world affoordeth. - -Wednesday, the twelfth of June, our Captaine manned his -light-horseman with 17 men, and ranne vp from the ship riding in the -riuer vp to the codde thereof, ♦_A bend or narrow portion_♦ where we -landed, leauing six to keepe the light-horseman till our returne. Ten -of vs with our shot, and some armed, with a boy to carry powder and -match, marched vp into the countrey towards the mountaines, ♦_Camden -Hills_♦ which we descried at our first falling with the land. Vnto -some of them the riuer brought vs so neere, as we judged our selues -when we landed to haue beene within a league of them; but we marched -vp about foure miles in the maine, and passed ouer three hilles: and -because the weather was parching hot, and our men in their armour not -able to trauel farre and returne that night to our ship, we resolued -not to passe any further, being all very weary of so tedious and -laboursom a trauell. - -In this march we passed ouer very good ground, pleasant and fertile, -fit for pasture, for the space of some three miles, hauing but little -wood, and that Oke like stands left in our pastures in England, good -and great, fit timber for any vse. Some small Birch, Hazle and Brake, -which might in small time with few men be cleansed and made good -arable land: but as it now is will feed cattell of all kindes with -fodder enough for Summer and Winter. The soile is blacke, bearing -sundry hearbs, grasse, and strawberries bigger than ours in England. -In many places are lowe Thicks like our Copisses of small yoong wood. -And surely it did all resemble a stately Parke, wherein appeare some -old trees with high withered tops, and other flourishing with liuing -greene boughs. Vpon the hilles grow notable high timber trees, masts -for ships of 400 tun: and at the bottome of euery hill, a little run -of fresh water; but the furthest and last we passed, ranne with a -great streame able to driue a mill. - -We might see in some places where fallow Deere and Hares had beene, -and by the rooting of ground we supposed wilde Hogs had ranged there, -but we could descrie no beast, because our noise still chased them -from vs. - -We were no sooner come aboord our light-horseman, returning towards -our ship, but we espied a Canoa comming from the further part of -the Cod of the riuer Eastward, which hasted to vs; wherein, with -two others, was he who refused to stay for a pawne: and his comming -was very earnestly importing to haue one of our men to go lie on -shore with their Bashabes (who was there on shore, as they signed) -and then the next morning he would come to our ship with many -Furres and Tabacco. This we perceiued to be only a meere deuice to -get possession of any of our men, to ransome all those which we -had taken, which their naturall policy could not so shadow, but we -did easily discouer and preuent. These meanes were by this Saluage -practised, because we had one of his kinsemen prisoner, as we judged -by his most kinde vsage of him being aboord vs together. - -Thursday, the 13 of June, by two a clocke in the morning (because -our Captaine would take the helpe and aduantage of the tide) in the -light-horseman with our Company well prouided and furnished with -armour and shot both to defend and offend; we went from our ship -vp to that part of the riuer which trended Westward into the maine, -to search that: ♦_Thomaston_♦ and we carried with vs a Crosse, to -erect at that point, which (because it was not daylight) we left on -the shore vntill our returne backe; when we set it vp in maner as -the former. For this (by the way) we diligently obserued, that in no -place, either about the Ilands, or vp in the maine, or alongst the -riuer, we could discerne any token or signe, that euer any Christian -had beene before; of which either by cutting wood, digging for -water, or setting vp Crosses (a thing neuer omitted by any Christian -trauellers) we should haue perceiued some mention left. - -But to returne to our riuer, further vp into which we then rowed -by estimation twenty miles, the beauty and goodnesse whereof I can -not by relation sufficiently demonstrate. That which I can say in -generall is this: What profit or pleasure soeuer is described and -truly verified in the former part of the riuer, is wholly doubled -in this; for the bredth and depth is such, that any ship drawing 17 -or 18 foot water, might haue passed as farre as we went with our -light-horsman, and by all our mens judgement much further, because we -left it in so good depth and bredth; which is so much the more to be -esteemed of greater woorth, by how much it trendeth further vp into -the maine: for from the place of our ships riding in the Harbour at -the entrance into the Sound, to the furthest part we were in this -riuer, by our estimation was not much lesse than threescore miles. - -From ech banke of this riuer are diuers branching streames into the -maine, wherby is affoorded an vnspeakable profit by the conueniency -of transportation from place to place, which in some countries is -both chargeable; and not so fit, by cariages on waine, or horse backe. - -Heere we saw great store of fish, some great, leaping aboue water, -which we judged to be Salmons. All along is an excellent mould of -ground. The wood in most places, especially on the East side, very -thinne, chiefly oke and some small young birch, bordering low vpon -the riuer; all fit for medow and pasture ground: and in that space we -went, we had on both sides the riuer many plaine plots of medow, some -of three or foure acres, some of eight or nine: so as we judged in -the whole to be betweene thirty and forty acres of good grasse, and -where the armes run out into the Maine, there likewise went a space -on both sides of cleere grasse, how far we know not, in many places -we might see paths made to come downe to the watering. - -The excellencie of this part of the Riuer, for his good breadth, -depth, and fertile bordering ground, did so ravish vs all with -variety of pleasantnesse, as we could not tell what to commend, but -only admired; some compared it to the Riuer Seuerne, (but in a higher -degree) and we all concluded (as I verily thinke we might rightly) -that we should neuer see the like Riuer in every degree equall, -vntill it pleased God we beheld the same againe. For the farther -we went, the more pleasing it was to euery man, alluring vs still -with expectation of better, so as our men, although they had with -great labour rowed long and eat nothing (for we carried with vs no -victuall, but a little cheese and bread) yet they were so refreshed -with the pleasant beholding thereof, and so loath to forsake it, as -some of them affirmed, they would haue continued willingly with that -onely fare and labour 2 daies; but the tide not suffering vs to make -any longer stay (because we were to come backe with the tide) and our -Captaine better knowing what was fit then we, and better what they in -labour were able to endure, being verie loath to make any desperate -hazard, where so little necessitie required, thought it best to make -returne, because whither we had discouered was sufficient to conceiue -that the Riuer ran very far into the land. For we passed six or seuen -miles, altogether fresh water (whereof we all dranke) forced vp by -the flowing of the Salt: which after a great while eb, where we left -it, by breadth of channell and depth of water was likely to run by -estimation of our whole company an unknowen way farther: the search -whereof our Captaine hath left till his returne, if it shall so -please God to dispose of him and vs. - -For we hauing now by the direction of the omnipotent disposer of all -good intents (far beyond the period of our hopes) fallen with so bold -a coast, found so excellent and secure harbour, for as many ships as -any nation professing Christ is able to set forth to Sea, discouered -a Riuer, which the All-creating God, with his most liberall hand, -hath made aboue report notable with his foresaid blessings, bordered -with a land, whose pleasant fertility bewraieth it selfe to be the -garden of nature, wherin she only intended to delight hir selfe, -hauing hitherto obscured it to any, except to a purblind generation, -whose vnderstanding it hath pleased God so to darken, as they can -neither discerne, vse, or rightly esteeme the vnualuable riches -in middest whereof they live sensually content with the barke and -outward rinds, as neither knowing the sweetnes of the inward marrow, -nor acknowledging the Deity of the Almighty giuer: hauing I say -thus far proceeded, and hauing some of the inhabitant nation (of -best vnderstanding we saw among them) who (learning our language) -may be able to giue vs further instruction, concerning all the -premised particulars, as also of their gouernours, and gouernment, -situation of townes, and what else shall be conuenient, which by no -meanes otherwise we could by any obseruation of our selues learne -in a long time: our Captaine now wholy intended his prouision for -speedy returne. For although the time of yeere and our victuall were -not so spent, but we could haue made a longer voyage, in searching -farther and trading for very good commodities, yet as they might -haue beene much profitable, so (our company being small) much more -preiudiciall to the whole state of our voyage, which we were most -regardfull now not to hazard. For we supposing not a little present -priuate profit, but a publique good, and true zeale of promulgating -Gods holy Church, by planting Christianity, to be the sole intent of -the Honourable setters foorth of this discouery; thought it generally -most expedient, by our speedy returne, to giue the longer space of -time to make prouision for so weighty an enterprise. - -Friday, the 14 day of June, early by foure a clocke in the morning, -with the tide, our two boats, and a little helpe of the winde, we -rowed downe to the riuers mouth and there came to an anker about -eleuen a clocke. Afterward our Captaine in the light horseman -searched the sounding all about the mouth and comming to the Riuer, -for his certaine instruction of a perfect description. - -The next day, being Saturday, we wayed anker, and with a briese from -the land, we sailed vp to our watering place, and there stopped, went -on shore and filled all our empty caske with fresh water. - -Our Captaine vpon the Rocke in the middest of the harbour obserued -the height, latitude, and variation exactly vpon his instruments. - - 1 Astrolabe. - 2 Semisphere. - 3 Ringe instrument. - 4 Crosse staffe. - 5 And an excellent compasse made for the variation. - -The certainty whereof, together with the particularities of euery -depth and sounding, as well at our falling with the land, as in the -discouery, and at our departure from the coast; I refer to his owne -relation in the Map of his Geographicall description, which for the -benefit of others he intendeth most exactly to publish. - -The temperature of the Climate (albeit a very important matter) I -had almost passed without mentioning, because it affoorded to vs no -great alteration from our disposition in England; somewhat hotter -vp into the Maine, because it lieth open to the South; the aire so -wholesome, as I suppose not any of vs found our selues at any time -more healthfull, more able to labour, nor with better stomacks to -such good fare, as we partly brought, and partly found. - -Sunday, the 16 of June, the winde being faire, and because we had set -out of England vpon a Sunday, made the Ilands vpon a Sunday, and as -we doubt not (by Gods appointment) happily fell into our harbour vpon -a Sunday; so now (beseeching him still with like prosperity to blesse -our returne into England our country, and from thence with his good -will and pleasure to hasten our next arriuall there) we waied Anker -and quit the Land vpon a Sunday. - -Tuesday, the 18 day, being not run aboue 30 leagues from land, and -our Captaine for his certaine knowledge how to fall with the coast, -hauing sounded euery watch, and from 40 fathoms had come into good -deeping, to 70, and so to an hundred: this day the weather being -faire, after the foure a clocke watch, when we supposed not to -haue found ground so farre from land, and before sounded in aboue -100 fathoms, we had ground in 24 fathomes. ♦_The Fishing Banks_♦ -Wherefore our sailes being downe, Thomas King boatswaine, presently -cast out a hooke, and before he judged it at ground, was fished and -haled vp an exceeding great and well fed Cod: then there were cast -out 3 or 4 more, and the fish was so plentifull and so great, as when -our Captaine would haue set saile, we all desired him to suffer them -to take fish a while, because we were so delighted to see them catch -so great fish, so fast as the hooke came down: some with playing -with the hooke they tooke by the backe, and one of the Mates with two -hookes at a lead at fiue draughts together haled vp tenne fishes; all -were generally very great, some they measured to be fiue foot long, -and three foot about. - -This caused our Captaine not to maruell at the shoulding, for he -perceiued it was a fish banke, which (for our farewell from the land) -it pleased God in continuance of his blessings to giue vs knowledge -of: the abundant profit whereof should be alone sufficient cause -to draw men againe, if there were no other good both in present -certaine, and in hope probable to be discouered. To amplifie this -with words, were to adde light to the Sunne: for euery one in the -shippe could easily account this present commodity; much more those -of judgement, which knew what belonged to fishing, would warrant (by -the helpe of God) in a short voyage with few good fishers to make -a more profitable returne from hence than from Newfoundland: the -fish being so much greater, better fed, and abundant with traine; -♦_Cod-liver oil_♦ of which some they desired, and did bring into -England to bestow among their friends, and to testifie the true -report. - -After, we kept our course directly for England & with ordinary winds, -and sometime calmes, vpon Sunday the 14 of July about sixe a clocke -at night, we were come into sounding in our channell, but with darke -weather and contrary winds, we were constrained to beat vp and downe -till Tuesday the 16 of July, when by fiue a clocke in the morning we -made Sylly; from whence, hindered with calmes and small winds, vpon -Thursday the 18 of July about foure a clocke after noone, we came -into Dartmouth: which Hauen happily (with Gods gracious assistance) -we made our last and first Harbour in England. - -Further, I haue thought fit here to adde some things worthy to be -regarded, which we haue obserued from the Saluages since we tooke -them. - -First, although at the time when we surprised them, they made their -best resistance, not knowing our purpose, nor what we were, nor how -we meant to vse them; yet after perceiuing by their kinde vsage we -intended them no harme, they haue neuer since seemed discontented -with vs, but very tractable, louing, & willing by their best meanes -to satisfie vs in any thing we demand of them, by words or signes for -their vnderstanding: neither haue they at any time beene at the least -discord among themselues; insomuch as we haue not seene them angry -but merry; and so kinde, as if you giue any thing to one of them, he -will distribute part to euery one of the rest. - -We haue brought them to vnderstand some English, and we vnderstand -much of their language; so as we are able to aske them many things. -And this we haue obserued, that if we shew them any thing, and aske -them if they haue it in their countrey, they will tell you if they -haue it, and the vse of it, the difference from ours in bignesse, -colour, or forme; but if they haue it not, be it a thing neuer so -precious, they wil denie the knowledge of it. - -They haue names for many starres, which they will shew in the -firmament. - -They shew great reuerence to their King, and are in great subiection -to their Gouernours: and they will shew a great respect to any we -tell them are our Commanders. - -They shew the maner how they make bread of their Indian wheat, -and how they make butter and cheese of the milke they haue of the -Rain-Deere and Fallo-Deere, which they haue tame as we haue Cowes. - -They haue excellent colours. And hauing seene our Indico, they make -shew of it, or of some other like thing which maketh as good a blew. - -One especiall thing is their maner of killing the Whale, which they -call Powdawe; and will describe his forme; how he bloweth vp the -water; and that he is 12 fathoms long; and that they go in company -of their King with a multitude of their boats, and strike him with -a bone made in fashion of a harping iron fastened to a rope, which -they make great and strong of the barke of trees, which they veare -out after him; then all their boats come about him, and as he riseth -aboue water, with their arrowes they shoot him to death; when they -haue killed him & dragged him to shore, they call all their chiefe -lords together, & sing a song of joy: and those chiefe lords, whom -they call Sagamos, divide the spoile, and giue to euery man a share, -which pieces so distributed they hang vp about their houses for -prouision: and when they boile them, they blow off the fat, and put -to their peaze, maiz, and other pulse, which they eat. - - -[Illustration: (Decorative separator)] - - A briefe Note of what profits we saw the Countrey yeeld in the - small time of our stay there. - - - _Trees._ - - Oke of an excellent graine, strait, and great timber. - Elme. - Beech. - Birch, very tall & great; of whose barke they make their Canoas. - Wich-Hazell. - Hazell. - Alder. - Cherry-tree. - Ash. - Maple. - Yew. - Spruce. - Aspe. - Firre. - Many fruit trees, which we knew not. - - - _Fowles._ - - Eagles. - Hernshawes. - Cranes. - Ducks great. - Geese. - Swannes. - Penguins. - Crowes. - Sharks. - Rauens. - Mewes. - Turtle-doues. - Many birds of sundrie colours. - Many other fowls in flocks, vnknown. - - - _Beasts._ - - Raine-Deere. - Stagges. - Fallow-Deere. - Beares. - Wolues. - Beauer. - Otter. - Hare. - Cony. - Hedge-Hoggs. - Polcats. - Wilde great Cats. - Dogges: some like Wolues, some like Spaniels. - - - _Fishes._ - - Whales. - Seales. - Cod very great. - Haddocke great. - Herring great. - Plaise. - Thornebacke. - Rockefish. - Lobstar great. - Crabs. - Muscels great, with pearles in them. - Cockles. - Wilks. - Cunner fish. - Lumps. - Whiting. - Soales. - Tortoises. - Oisters. - - - _Frvits, Plants, and Herbs._ - - Tabacco, excellent sweet and strong. - Wild-Vines. - Strawberries. } - Raspberries. } - Gooseberries. } abundance - Hurtleberries. } - Currant trees. } - Rose-bushes. - Peaze. - Ground-nuts. - Angelica, a most souerainge herb. - An hearbe that spreadeth the ground, & smelleth - like Sweet Marioram, great plenty. - Very good Dies, which appeare by their painting; - which they carrie with them in bladders. - -The names of the fiue Saluages which we brought home into England, -which are all yet aliue, are these. - - 1. Tahánedo, a Sagamo or Commander. ♦_or Nahanada_♦ - 2. Amóret. } - 3. Skicowáros } Gentlemen. ♦_or Skidwares_♦ - 4. Maneddo } - 5. Saffacomoit, a seruant. - - - - - George Popham - & - Ralegh Gilbert - - 1607 - - KENEBECK RIVER - - THE POPHAM _Colony at Sagadahock, on the western side of the - entrance to the Kenebeck river, was established by the members of - the first Virginia Company, which was chartered by King James in - 1606, who lived at Plymouth and elsewhere in the west of England. - The London members of the Company made their settlement at - Jamestown. The leader of the Plymouth partners was Sir Ferdinando - Gorges, with whom were associated members of the Popham and Gilbert - families. They equipped two exploring expeditions in the autumn of - 1606, one of them being under the command of Martin Pring, whose - account of his voyage of 1603 is printed in this volume. Pring’s - report determined the Plymouth partners to attempt a settlement on - the Maine coast. Two vessels were fitted out and George Popham, a - nephew of the Chief Justice, Sir John Popham, and Ralegh Gilbert, a - son of Sir Humphrey, were placed in charge of the expedition._ - - _The narrative of the voyage was written by one of the officers, - probably the navigator or pilot of Gilbert’s vessel, the “Mary and - John,” whose name may have been James Davies. This account, which - is preserved in the Library of Lambeth Palace, London, was printed - in the fourth volume of the Gorges Society publications, Portland, - 1892, with notes by the Rev. Henry O. Thayer. That Society, through - Mr. H. W. Bryant of Portland, has kindly loaned the facsimiles of - the drawings which illustrate the manuscript, for reproduction in - this volume._ - - -[Illustration: (Decorative banner)] - - THE RELATION of a Voyage unto New England. Began from the _Lizard_, - y^e first of June 1607, by Captain POPHAM in y^e ship y^e Gift, & - Captain GILBERT in y^e Mary & John. - - Written by * * * * * * & found amongst y^e Papers of y^e truly - Worshipfull: Sr. FERDINANDO GORGES, Kt. by me WILLIAM GRIFFITH. - -DEPARTED from the Lyzard the firste daye of June Ano Domi 1607, -♦_1607 June_♦ beinge Mundaye about 6 of the Cloke in the afternoon -and ytt bore of me then North-este and by North eyght Leags of. - - * * * * * - -The firste Daye of Jully beinge Wesdaye wee depted from the Illand of -flowers ♦_July Azores_♦ beinge ten Leags South weste from ytt. - -From hence we allwayes kept our Course to the Westward as much as -wind & weather woold permytt untill the 27th daye of Jully duringe -which time wee often times Sounded but could never fynd grounde. this -27th early in the mornynge we Sounded & had ground but 18 fetham -beinge then in the Lattitud of 43 degrees & ⅔ hear wee fysht three -howers & tooke near to hundred of Cods very great & large fyshe -bigger & larger fyshe then that which coms from the bancke of the New -Found Land··hear wee myght have lodden our shipe in Lesse time then a -moneth. - -From hence the Wynd beinge att South west wee sett our Saills & stood -by the wind west nor west towards the Land allwayes Soundinge for our -better knowledg as we ran towarde the main Land from this bancke. - -From this bancke ♦_Sable Bank_♦ we kept our Course west nor west 36 -Leags which ys from the 27th of July untill the 30th of July in which -tyme we ran 36 L as ys beffore sayed & then we Saw the Land about 10 -of the Clok in the mornynge bearinge norweste from us About 10 Leags -& then we Sounded & had a hundred fethams blacke oze hear as we Cam -in towards the Land from this bancke we still found deepe watter. the -deepest within the bancke ys 160 fethams & in 100 fetham you shall -See the Land yf ytt be Clear weather after you passe the bancke the -ground ys still black oze untill yo Com near the shore··this daye wee -stood in for the Land but Could nott recover ytt beffor the night -tooke us so we stood a Lyttell from ytt & thear strok a hull untill -the next daye beinge the Laste of July hear Lyeinge at hull we tooke -great stor of cod fyshes the bigeste & largest that I ever Saw or any -man in our ship. this daye beinge the Last of July about 3 of the -Clok in the after noon we recouered the shor & cam to an anker under -an Illand ♦_Lunenburg or La Heve Nova Scotia_♦ for all this Cost ys -full of Illands & broken Land but very Sound & good for shipinge to -go by them the watter deepe. 18 & 20 fetham hard abord them. - -This Illand standeth in the lattitud of 44 d & ½ & hear we had -nott ben att an anker past to howers beffore we espyed a bisken -♦_Biscayan_♦ shallop Cominge towards us havinge in her eyght -Sallvages & a Lyttell salvage boye··they cam near unto us & spoke -unto us in thear Language. & we makinge Seignes to them that they -should com abord of us showinge unto them knyues glasses beads & -throwinge into thear bott Som bisket but for all this they wold nott -com abord of us but makinge show to go from us. we suffered them. So -when they wear a Lyttell from us and Seeinge we proffered them no -wronge of thear owne accord retorned & cam abord of us & three of -them stayed all that nyght with us the rest departed in the shallope -to the shore makinge Seignes unto us that they wold retorn unto us -aggain the next daye. - -The next daye the Sam Salvages with three Salvage wemen beinge the -fryst daye of Auguste ♦_August_♦ retorned unto us bringinge with them -Som feow skines of bever in an other bisken shallop & propheringe -thear skines to trook with us but they demanded ouer muche for -them and we Seemed to make Lyght of them So then the other three -which had stayed with us all nyght went into the shallop & So they -departed··ytt Seemeth that the french hath trad with them for they -use many french words the Cheeff Comander of these parts ys called -Messamott & the ryver or harbor ys called emannett we take these -peopell to be the tarentyns & these peopell as we have Learned sence -do make wars with Sasanoa the Cheeffe Comander to the westward wheare -we have planted & this Somer they kild his Sonne··So the Salvages -departed from us & cam no mor unto us··After they wear departed from -us we hoyssed out our bot whearin my Selffe was with 12 others & -rowed to the shore and landed on this Illand that we rod under the -which we found to be a gallant Illand full of heigh & myghty trees of -Sundry Sorts··hear we allso found aboundance of gusberyes strawberyes -rasberyes & whorts So we retorned & Cam abord. - -Sondaye beinge the second of Auguste after dyner our bott went to -the shore again to fille freshe watter whear after they had filled -thear watter thear cam fower Salvages unto them havinge thear bowes -& arowes in thear hands makinge show unto them to have them Com to -the shore but our Saillers havinge filled thear watter wold nott go -to the shore unto them but retorned & cam abord beinge about 5 of -the Clock in the afternoon··So the bott went presently from the ship -unto a point of an Illand & thear att Lo watter in on hower kild near -.50. great Lopsters··you shall See them whear they ly in shold Watter -nott past a yeard deep & with a great hooke mad faste to a staffe you -shall hitch them up thear ar great store of them you may near Lad a -Ship with them. & they are of greatt bignesse··I have nott Seen the -Lyke in Ingland··So the bott retorned abord & wee toke our bott in -& about myd nyght the wynd cam faier att northest we Sett Saill & -departed from thence keepinge our Course South west for So the Cost -Lyeth. - -Mundaye being the third of Auguste in the morninge we wear faier by -the shore and So Sailled alongste the Coste··we Saw many Illands all -alonge the Cost & great Sounds, goinge betwyxt them, but We could -make prooffe of non for want of a ♦_Pinnace_♦ penyshe··hear we found -fyshe still all alonge the Cost as we Sailed. - -Tusdaye being the 4th of Auguste in the morninge 5 of the Clok we -wear theawart of a Cape or head Land ♦_Cape Sable_♦ Lyeing in -the Latitud of 43 degrees and cam very near unto ytt. ytt ys very -Low Land showinge Whytt Lyke sand but ytt ys Whytt Rocks and very -stronge tides goeth hear from the place we stopt att beinge in 44 de -& ½ untill this Cape or head land ytt ys all broken Land & full of -Illands & Large Sounds betwixt them & hear we found fyshe aboundance -so large & great as I never Saw the Lyke Cods beffor nether any man -in our shipe. - -After we paste this Cape or head Land the Land falleth awaye and -Lyeth in norwest & by north into a greatt deep baye. ♦_Bay of Fundy_♦ -We kept our course from this head Land West and Weste and by South 7 -Leags and cam to thre Illands ♦_Seal and Mud Islands_♦ whear cominge -near unto them we found on the Southest Syd of them a great Leadge -of Rocks Lyeinge near a Leage into the Sea the which we perseavinge -tackt our ship & the wynde being Large att northest Cleared our -Selves of them kepinge still our course to the westward west & by -South and west Southwest untill mydnyght. then after we hald in more -northerly. - -Wensdaye being the 5th of Auguste from after mydnyght we hald in West -norwest untill 3 of the Clok afternoon of the Sam and then we Saw the -Land aggain bearinge from us north weste & by north and ytt Risseth -in this forme hear under. ten or 12 Leags from yo they ar three -heigh mountains that Lye in upon the main Land near unto the ryver of -penobskot ♦_Camdem Mountains_♦ in which ryver the bashabe makes his -abod the cheeffe Comander of those parts & streatcheth unto the ryver -of Sagadehock under his Comand yo shall see theise heigh mountains -when yo shall not perseave the main Land under ytt they ar of shutch -and exceedinge heygts: And note. that from the Cape or head Land -beffor spoken of untill these heigh mountains we never Saw any Land -except those three Illands also beffor mensyoned··We stood in Right -with these mountains untill the next daye. - -[Illustration: (outline of mountains)] - -Thursdaye beinge the 6th of Auguste we stood in with this heigh Land -untill 12 of the Cloke noon & then I found the shipe to be in 43 d & -½ by my observation··from thence we Sett our Course & stood awaye dew -weste & Saw three other Illands ♦_Matinicus Islands_♦ Lyenge together -beinge Lo & flatt by the watter showinge whytt as yff ytt wear Sand -but ytt ys whytt Rocks makinge show a far of allmoste Lyke unto Dover -Cleeves. & these three Illands Lye dew est & west on of the other so -we Cam faier by them and as we Cam to the Westward the heygh Land -beffor spoken of shewed ytt selffe in this form as followith - -[Illustration: (outline of mountains)] - -From hence we kept still our Course West & Weste by North towards -three other Illands ♦_St. George Islands_♦ that we Sawe Lyenge from -these Illands beffor spoken of 8 Leags and about ten of the Clok -att nyght we recovered them & havinge Sent in our bott beffor nyght -to vew ytt for that ytt was Calme & to Sound ytt & See whatt good -ankoringe was under ytt we bor in with on of them the which as we -cam in by we still sounded & founde very deepe watter 40 fetham hard -abord of yt. So we stood in into a Coue In ytt & had 12 fetham watter -& thear we ankored untill the mornynge. And when the daye appeared We -Saw we weare environed Round about with Illands yo myght have told -neare thirty Illands round about us from abord our shipe this Illand -we Call St. Georges Illand ♦_Waymouth_♦ for that we hear found a -Crosse Sett up the which we Suposse was Sett up by George Wayman. - -Frydaye beinge the 7th of Auguste we wayed our Ankor whereby to -bringe our shipe in mor better Safty how Soever the wynd should -happen to blow and about ten of the Cloke in the mornynge as we weare -standinge of a Lyttell from the Illand we descried a saill standinge -in towards this Illand & we presently mad towards her & found ytt -to be the gyfte our Consort So beinge all Joye full of our happy -meetinge we both stood in again for the Illand we ryd under beffor & -theare anckored both together. - -This night followinge about myd nyght Capt. Gilbert caussed his ships -bott to be maned & took to hemselffe 13 other my Selffe beinge on -beinge 14 persons in all & tooke the Indyan skidwarres ♦_See page -151._♦ with us··the weather beinge faier & the wynd Calme we rowed -to the Weste in amongst many gallant Illands and found the ryver of -pemaquyd ♦_Pemaquid_♦ to be but 4 Leags weste from the Illand we Call -St. Georges whear our ships remained still att anckor. hear we Landed -in a Lyttell Cove by skyd warres Direction & marched ouer a necke of -the Land near three mills So the Indyan skidwarres brought us to the -Salvages housses whear they did inhabitt although much against his -will for that he told us that they wear all remoued & gon from the -place they wear wont to inhabitt. but we answered hem again that we -wold nott retorne backe untill shutch time as we had spoken with Som -of them. At Length he brought us whear they did inhabytt whear we -found near a hundreth of them men wemen and Children. And the Cheeffe -Comander of them ys Nahanada att our fryste Seight of them uppon a -howlinge or Cry that they mad they all presently Isued forth towards -us with thear bowes & arrows & we presently mad a stand & Suffered -them to Com near unto us then our Indyan skidwarres spoke unto them -in thear language showinge them what we wear which when nahanada -thear Comander perseaved what we wear he Caussed them all to laye -assyd thear bowes & arrowes and cam unto us and imbrassed us & we -did the lyke to them aggain. So we remained with them near to howers -& wear in thear housses. Then we tooke our Leave of them & retorned -with our Indyan skidwarres with us towards our ships the 8th Daye of -August being Satterdaye in the after noon. - -Sondaye being the 9th of Auguste in the morninge the most part of our -holl company of both our shipes Landed on this Illand the which we -call St. Georges Illand whear the Crosse standeth and thear we heard -a Sermon delyvred unto us by our preacher ♦_Rev. Richard Seymour_♦ -gyvinge god thanks for our happy metinge & Saffe aryvall into the -Contry & So retorned abord aggain. - -Mundaye beinge the Xth of Auguste early in the morninge Capt. popham -in his shallope with thirty others & Capt. Gilbert in his ships bott -with twenty others Acompanede Depted from thear shipes & sailled -towards the ryver of pemaquyd & Caryed with us the Indyan skidwarres -and Cam to the ryver ryght beffore thear housses whear they no -Sooner espyed us but presently Nahanada with all his Indians with -thear bowes and arrows in thear hands Cam forth upon the Sands--So -we Caussed skidwarres to speak unto hem & we our Selves spok unto -hem in Inglyshe givinge hem to understand our Cominge tended to no -yvell towards hem Selffe nor any of his peopell. he told us again he -wold nott thatt all our peopell should Land. So beccause we woold -in no sort offend them, hearuppon Som ten or twelffe of the Cheeff -gent Landed & had Some parle together & then afterward they wear -well contented that all should Land··So all landed we ussinge them -with all the kindnesse that possibell we Could. nevertheless after -an hower or to they all Soddainly withdrew them Selves from us into -the woods & Lefte us··we perseavinge this presently imbarked our -Selves all except skidwarres who was nott Desyerous to retorn with -us. We Seeinge this woold in no Sort proffer any Violence unto hem -by drawing hem perfforce Suffered hem to remain and staye behinde -us. he promyssinge to retorn unto us the next Daye followinge but he -heald not his promysse So we imbarked our Selves and went unto the -other Syd of the ryver & thear remained uppon the shore the nyght -followinge. - -Tuesdaye beinge the xjth of Auguste we retorned and cam to our ships -whear they still remained att ankor under the Illand we call St. -Georges. - -Wensdaye being the xijth of Auguste we wayed our anckors and Sett our -saills to go for the ryver of Sagadehock··we kept our Course from -thence dew Weste until 12 of the Clok mydnyght of the Sam then we -stroke our Saills & layed a hull untill the mornynge Doutinge for to -over shoot ytt. - -[Illustration: in this form being South from ytt, - -being est & weste from the Illand of Sutqin ytt maketh in this form.] - -Thursdaye in the mornynge breacke of the daye beinge the xiijth -of Auguste the Illand of Sutquin ♦_Seguin_♦ bore north of us nott -past halff a leage from us and ytt rysseth in this form hear under -followinge the which Illand Lyeth ryght beffore the mouth of the -ryver of Sagadehocke ♦_Kenebeck River_♦ South from ytt near 2 Leags -but we did not make ytt to be Sutquin so we Sett our saills & stood -to the westward for to Seeke ytt 2 Leags farther & nott fyndinge the -ryver of Sagadehocke we knew that we had overshott the place then we -wold have retorned but Could nott & the nyght in hand the gifte Sent -in her shallop & mad ytt & went into the ryver this nyght but we -wear constrained to remain att Sea all this nyght and about mydnight -thear arose a great storme & tempest uppon us the which putt us in -great daunger and hassard of castinge awaye of our ship & our Lyves -by reason we wear so near the shore··the wynd blew very hard att -South right in uppon the shore so that by no means we could nott -gett of hear we sought all means & did what possybell was to be don -for that our Lyves depended on ytt··hear we plyed ytt with our ship -of & on all the nyght often times espyeinge many soonken rocks & -breatches hard by us enforsynge us to put our ship about & stand from -them bearinge saill when ytt was mor fytter to have taken ytt in but -that ytt stood uppon our Lyves to do ytt & our bott Soonk att our -stern··yet woold we nott cut her from us in hope of the appearinge -of the daye··thus we Contynued untill the daye cam then we perseaved -our Selves to be hard abord the Lee shore & no waye to escape ytt but -by Seekinge the Shore··then we espyed 2 Lyttell Illands ♦_Cape Small -Point_♦ Lyeinge under our lee··So we bore up the healme & steerd -in our shipe in betwyxt them whear the Lord be praised for ytt we -found good and sauffe ankkoringe & thear anckored the storme still -contynuinge untill the next daye followynge. - -Frydaye beinge the xiiijth of August that we anckored under these -Illands thear we repaired our bott being very muche torren & -spoilled then after we Landed on this Illand & found 4 salvages & an -old woman this Illand ys full of pyne trees & ocke and abundance of -whorts of fower Sorts of them. - -Satterdaye beinge the 15th of Auguste the storme ended and the wind -Cam faier for us to go for Sagadehock so we wayed our anckors & Sett -Saill & stood to the estward & cam to the Illand Sutquin which was 2 -Leags from those Illands we rod att anker beffor, & hear we anckored -under the Illand of Sutqin in the estersyd of ytt for that the wynd -was of the shore that wee could no gett into the ryver of Sagadehock -& hear Capt. pophams ships bott cam abord of us & gave us xx freshe -Cods that they had taken beinge Sent out a fyshinge. - -Sondaye beinge the 16th of Auguste Capt. popham Sent his Shallop unto -us for to healp us in So we wayed our anckors & beinge Calme we towed -in our ship & Cam into the Ryver of Sagadehocke and anckored by the -gyfts Syd about xj of the Cloke the Sam daye. - -Mundaye beinge the 17th Auguste Capt. popham in his shallop with 30 -others & Capt. Gilbert in his shipes bott accompaned with 18 other -persons departed early in the morninge from thear ships & sailled up -the Ryver of Sagadehock for to vew the Ryver & allso to See whear -they myght fynd the most Convenyent place for thear plantation my -Selffe beinge with Capt. Gilbert. So we Sailled up into this ryver -near 14 Leags and found ytt to be a most gallant ryver very brod & -of a good depth··we never had Lesse Watter then 3 fetham when we had -Least & abundance of greatt fyshe ♦_Sturgeon_♦ in ytt Leaping aboue -the Watter on eatch Syd of us as we Sailled. So the nyght aprochinge -after a whill we had refreshed our Selves uppon the shore about 9 -of the Cloke we sett backward to retorn & Cam abourd our shipes the -next day followinge about 2 of the Clok in the afternoon We fynd this -ryver to be very pleasant with many goodly Illands in ytt & to be -both Large & deepe Watter havinge many branches in ytt··that which we -tooke bendeth ytt Selffe towards the northest. - -Tuesdaye beinge the 18th after our retorn we all went to the shore -& thear mad Choies of a place for our plantation which ys at the -very mouth or entry of the Ryver of Sagadehocke on the West Syd -of the Ryver beinge almoste an Illand ♦_Sabino Head_♦ of a good -bygness··whylst we wear uppon the shore thear Cam in three Cannoos -by us but they wold not Com near us but rowed up the Ryver ♦_Fort -Popham_♦ & so past away. - -Wensday beinge the 19th Auguste we all went to the shore whear we mad -Choise for our plantation and thear we had a Sermon delyvred unto -us by our precher and after the Sermon our pattent was red with the -orders & Lawes thearin prescrybed & then we retorned abord our ships -again. - -Thursdaye beinge the 20th of Auguste all our Companyes Landed & thear -began to fortefye··our presedent Capt popham Sett the fryst spytt of -ground unto ytt and after hem all the rest followed & Labored hard in -the trenches about ytt. - -Frydaye the 2jth of Auguste all hands Labored hard about the fort -Som in the trentch Som for fagetts & our ship Carpenters about the -buildinge of a small penis or shallop. - -Satterdaye the 22th Auguste Capt. popham early in the morninge -departed in his shallop to go for the ryver of pashipskoke··thear -♦_Pejepscot or Androscoggin_♦ they had parle with the Salvages again -who delyvred unto them that they had ben att wars with Sasanoa & had -slain his Soone in fyght··skidwares and Dehanada wear in this fyght. - -Sondaye the 23th our presedent Capt. popham retorned unto us from the -ryver of pashipscoke. - -The 24th all Labored about the fort. - -Tuesdaye the 25th Capt. Gilbert imbarked hem Selffe with 15 other -with hem to go to the Westward uppon Som Discouery but the Wynd was -contrary & forsed hem backe again the Sam daye. - -The 26th & 27th all Labored hard about the fort. - -Frydaye the 28th Capt. Gilbert with 14 others my Selffe beinge on -Imbarked hem to go to the westward again··So the wynd Servinge we -Sailled by many gallant Illands ♦_Casco Bay_♦ & towards nyght the -winde Cam Contrary against us So that we wear Constrained to remain -that nyght under the head Land called Semeamis ♦_Cape Elizabeth_♦ -whear we found the Land to be most fertill··the trees growinge thear -doth exceed for goodnesse & Length being the most part of them ocke -& wallnutt growinge a greatt space assoonder on from the other as -our parks in Ingland and no thickett growinge under them··hear wee -also found a gallant place to fortefye whom Nattuer ytt Selffe hath -already framed without the hand of man with a runynge stream of -watter hard adjoyninge under the foott of ytt. - -Satterdaye the 29th Auguste early in the mornynge we departed from -thence & rowed to the westward for that the wind was againste us -but the wynd blew so hard that forsed us to remain under an Illand -♦_Richmond’s Island_♦ 2 Leags from the place we remayned the night -beffore whilst we remayned under this Illand thear passed to Cannoos -by us but they wold nott Com neare us after mydnyght we put from this -Illand in hope to have gotten the place we dessyered but the wind -arose and blew so hard at Southwest Contrary for us that forsed us to -retorn. - -Sondaye beinge the 30th Auguste retornynge beffore the wynd we -sailled by many goodly Illands for betwixt this head Land called -Semeamis & the ryver of Sagadehock ys a great baye in the which Lyeth -So many Illands & so thicke & neare together that yo Cannott well -desern to Nomber them yet may yo go in betwixt them in a good ship -for yo shall have never Lesse Watter the 8 fethams··these Illands ar -all overgrowen with woods very thicke as ocks wallnut pyne trees & -many other things growinge as Sarsaperilla hassell nuts & whorts in -aboundance··So this day we retorned to our fort att Sagadehock. - -Munday being the Last of Auguste nothinge hapened but all Labored for -the buildinge of the fort & for the storhouse to reseave our vyttuall. - -Tuesday the first of September ♦_September_♦ thear Cam a Canooa -unto us in the which was 2 greatt kettells of brasse··Som of our -Company did parle with them but they did rest very doutfull of us -& wold nott Suffer mor then on att a tyme to Com near unto them So -he departed··The Second daye third & 4th nothinge hapened worth the -wryttinge but that eatch man did his beste endevour for the buildinge -of the fort. - -Satterdaye beinge the 5th of September thear Cam into the entraunce -of the ryver of Sagadehocke nine Canoos in the which was Dehanada & -skidwarres with many others in the wholl near fortye persons men -women & Children they Cam & parled with us & we aggain ussed them -in all frindly maner We Could & gave them vyttaills for to eatt··So -skidwarres & on more of them stayed with us untill nyght··the rest of -them withdrew them in thear Canooas to the farther Syd of the ryver. -but when nyght Cam for that skidwares woold needs go to the rest of -his Company Capt. Gilbert acompaned with James Davis & Capt. ellis -best took them into our bott & Caryed them to thear Company on the -farther syd the ryver & thear remained amongst them all the nyght & -early in the mornynge the Sallvages departed in thear Canooas for the -ryver of pemaquid promyssinge Capt. Gilbert to acompany hem in thear -Canooas to the ryver of penobskott whear the bashabe remayneth. - -The 6th nothinge happened··the 7th our ship the Mary & John began to -discharge her vyttualls. - -Tuesday beinge the 8th September Capt. Gilbert acompaned with xxij -others my Selffe beinge on of them departed from the fort to go for -the ryver of penobskott takinge with hem divers Sorts of Merchandise -for to trad with the Bashabe who ys the Cheeffe Comander of those -parts but the wind was Contrary againste hem so that he could nott -Com to dehanada & skidwares at the time apointed for··ytt was the -xjth daye beffor he Could gett to the ryver of pemaquid Whear they do -make thear abbod. - -Frydaye beinge the xjth in the mornynge early we Cam into the ryver -of pemaquyd thear to Call nahanada & skidwarres as we had promyste -them but beinge thear aryved we found no Lyvinge Creatuer··they all -wear gon from thence the which we perseavinge presently departed -towards the ryver of penobskott··Saillinge all this daye & the xijth -& xiijth the Lyke yett by no means Could we fynd ytt··So our vitall -beinge spent we hasted to retorn··So the wynd Cam faier for us & we -Sailled all the 14th & 15th dayes in retornynge the Wind blowinge -very hard att north & this mornynge the 15th daye we pseaved a -blassing star in the northest of vs. - -The 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th 2jth 22th nothinge hapened but all -Labored hard about the fort & the store house for to Land our -wyttaills. - -The 23th beinge Wensdaye Capt. Gilbert acompaned with 19 others my -Selffe on of them departed from the fort to go for the head of the -ryver of Sagadehock··we Sailled all this daye So did we the Lyke -the 24th untill the evenynge then we Landed thear to remain that -Nyght··hear we found a gallant Champion Land & exceedinge fertill So -hear we remayned all nyght. - -The 25th beinge frydaye early in the mornynge we departed from hence -& sailled up the ryver about eyght Leags farther untill we Cam unto -an Illand ♦_Augusta_♦ beinge Lo Land & flatt··att this Illand ys a -great down Fall of watter the which runeth by both Sydes of this -Illand very swyfte & shallow··in this Illand we found greatt store of -grapes exceedinge good and sweett of to Sorts both red butt the on of -them ys a mervellous deepe red. by both the syds of this ryver the -grapes grow in aboundance & allso very good Hoppes & also Chebolls & -garleck. ♦_Wild onion_♦ and for the goodnesse of the Land ytt doth so -far abound that I Cannott allmost expresse the Sam hear we all went -ashore & with a stronge Rope made fast to our bott & on man in her -to gyde her aggainst the Swyfte stream we pluckt her up throwe ytt -perforce··after we had past this down-Fall we all went into our bott -again & rowed near a Leage farther up into the ryver & nyght beinge -att hand we hear stayed all nyght. & in the fryst of the night about -ten of the Cloke thear Cam on the farther syd of the ryver sartain -Salvages Calling unto us in broken inglyshe··we answered them aggain -So for this time they departed. - -The 26th beinge Satterdaye thear Cam a Canooa unto us & in hear fower -salvages those that had spoken unto us in the nyght beffore his name -that Came unto us ys Sabenoa··he macks himselffe unto us to be Lord -of the ryver of Sagadehock. - - - - - Henry Hudson - - 1609 - - PENOBSCOT - & - THE FISHING BANKS - - HENRY HUDSON, _having tried in vain to find a sea route to China - through the ice fields which stretched across his path all the way - from Greenland to Spitzbergen or Willoughby Land, transferred his - services in the winter of 1609 from the English Muscovy Company to - the Dutch East India Company. He started to make a further trial of - the Northeast passage, but while off the coast of Novaya Zemlya, - his crews refused to go further in that direction. Abandoned by his - consort, Hudson persuaded the men on his own ship, the Half Moon, - to cross the Atlantic and try their luck in America. They made - land on the Nova Scotia coast, and after beating about over the - fishing banks and looking at the shores of Maine and southeastern - Massachusetts, went on to another landfall in the latitude of - Virginia. Turning northward, they sailed up the coast and into the - river which has since borne their leader’s name._ - - _The surviving log-book or journal of Hudson’s third voyage was - kept by Robert Juet, who had been his mate during the second - voyage, and who took a leading part in the mutiny which ended - when the leader was turned adrift in a small boat in Hudson’s - Bay in 1611. It was printed in the third volume of “Purchas his - Pilgrimes,” London, 1625._ - - -[Illustration: (Decorative banner)] - - THE THIRD VOYAGE of Master HENRY HUDSON, Written by ROBERT JUET, of - Lime-House. - -THE twelfth of July was very foggie, ♦_1609 July_♦ we stood our -course all the morning till eleven of the clocke; at which time we -had sight of land, which is low white sandie ground, right on head -off us; and had ten fathoms. Then we tackt to the southward, and -stood off foure glasses: then we tackt to the land againe, thinking -to have rode under it, and as we came neere it, the fog was so thicke -that we could not see; so wee stood off againe. From mid-night to two -of the clocke, we came sounding in twelve, thirteene, and fourteene -fathoms off the shoare. At foure of the clocke, we had 20 fathoms. At -eight of the clocke at night, 30 fathoms. At twelve of the clocke, 65 -fathoms, and but little winde, for it deeped apace, but the neerer -the shoare the fairer shoalding. - -The thirteenth, faire sun-shining weather, from eight of the clocke -in the fore-noone all day after, but in the morning it was foggie. -Then at eight of the clocke we cast about for the shoare, but could -not see it; the wind being at south by our true compasse, wee steered -west and by north. At noone we observed, and found our height to bee -43 degrees, 25 minutes; so we steered away west and by north all the -afternoone. At foure of the clocke in the afternoone we sounded, -and had five and thirtie fathoms. And at sixe of the clocke wee had -sight of the land, and saw two sayles on head off us. The land by -the waters side is low land, and white sandie bankes rising, full of -little hils. Our soundings were 35, 33, 30, 28, 32, 37, 33, and 32 -fathoms. - -The fourteenth, full of mysts flying and vading, the wind betweene -south and south-west; we steered away west north-west, and north-west -and by west. Our soundings were 29, 25, 24, 25, 22, 25, 27, 30, 28, -30, 35, 43, 50, 70, 90, 70, 64, 86, 100 fathoms, and no ground. - -The fifteenth, very mystie, the winde varying betweene south and -south-west; wee steered west and by north, and west north-west. In -the morning we sounded, and had one hundred fathoms, till foure -of the clocke in the afternoone. Then we sounded againe, and had -seventie-five fathoms. Then in two glasses running, which was not -above two English miles, we sounded and had sixtie fathoms, and it -shoalded a great pace untill we came to twentie fathoms. Then we -made account we were neere the islands that lie off the shoare. So we -came to an anchor, the sea being very smooth and little wind, at nine -of the clocke at night. After supper we tryed for fish, and I caught -fifteene cods, some the greatest that I have seene, and so we rode -all night. - -The sixteenth, in the morning, it cleered up, and we had sight of -five islands ♦_Eastern Maine_♦ lying north, and north and by west -from us, two leagues. Then wee made ready to set sayle, but the myst -came so thicke that we durst not enter in among them. - -The seventeenth, was all mystie, so that we could not get into the -harbour. At ten of the clocke two boats came off to us, with sixe of -the savages of the countrey, seeming glad of our comming. We gave -them trifles, and they eate and dranke with us; and told us that -there were gold, silver and copper mynes hard by us; and that the -French-men doe trade with them; which is very likely, for one of them -spake some words of French. So wee rode still all day and all night, -the weather continuing mystie. - -The eighteenth, faire weather, wee went into a very good harbour, and -rode hard by the shoare in foure fathoms water. The river runneth -up a great way, ♦_Penobscot_♦ but there is but two fathoms hard -by us. We went on shoare and cut us a fore mast; then at noone we -came aboord againe, and found the height of the place to bee in 44 -degrees, 1 minute, and the sunne to fall at a south south-west sunne. -We mended our sayles, and fell to make our fore-mast. The harbour -lyeth south and north, a mile in where we rode. - -The nineteenth, we had faire sun-shining weather, we rode still. In -the after-noone wee went with our boate to looke for fresh water, -and found some; and found a shoald with many lobsters on it, and -caught one and thirtie. The people coming aboord, shewed us great -friendship, but we could not trust them. The twentieth, faire -sunne-shining weather, the winde at south-west. In the morning, our -scute went out to catch fresh fish halfe an houre before day, and -returned in two houres, bringing seven and twentie great coddes, with -two hookes and lines. In the afternoone wee went for more lobsters -and caught fortie, and returned aboord. Then wee espied two French -shallops full of the country people come into the harbour, but they -offered us no wrong, seeing we stood upon our guard. They brought -many beaver skinnes and other fine furres, which they would have -changed for redde gownes. For the French trade with them for red -cassocks, knives, hatchets, copper, kettles, trevits, beades, and -other trifles. - -The one and twentieth, all mystie, the wind easterly, wee rode still -and did nothing, but about our mast. The two and twentieth, fair -sun-shining weather, the winde all northerly, we rode still all the -day. In the after-noone our scute went to catch more lobsters, and -brought with them nine and fiftie. The night was cleere weather. - -The three and twentieth, faire sun shining weather and very hot. At -eleven of the clocke our fore mast was finished, and wee brought it -aboord, and set it into the step, and in the after-noone we rigged -it. This night we had some little myst and rayne. - -The foure and twentieth, very hot weather, the winde at south out of -the sea. The fore-part of the day wee brought to our sayles. In the -morning our scute went to take fish, and in two houres they brought -with them twentie great coddes and a great holibut; the night was -faire also. We kept good watch for fear of being betrayed by the -people, and perceived where they layd their shallops. - -The five and twentieth, very faire weather and hot. In the morning -wee manned our scute with foure muskets and sixe men, and tooke one -of their shallops and brought it aboord. Then we manned our boat and -scute with twelve men and muskets, and two stone pieces or murderers, -and drave the savages from their houses, and tooke the spoyle of -them, as they would have done of us. Then wee set sayle, and came -downe to the harbours mouth, and rode there all night, because the -winde blew right in, and the night grew mystie with much rayne till -mid-night. Then it fell calme, and the wind came off the land at west -north-west, and it began to cleere. The compasse varyed ten degrees -north-west. - -The sixe and twentieth, faire and cleere sunne-shining weather. At -five of the clocke in the morning, the winde being off the shoare -at north north-west, we set sayle and came to sea, and by noone -we counted our ship had gone fourteene leagues south-west. In the -afternoone, the winde shifted variably betweene west south-west -and north-west. At noone I found the height to bee 43 degrees, 56 -minutes. This evening being very faire weather, wee observed the -variation of our compasse at the sunnes going downe, and found it to -bee 10 degrees from the north to the westward. - -The seven and twentieth, faire sun-shining weather, the winde -shifting betweene the south-west and west and by north, a stiffe -gale; we stood to the southward all day, and made our way south and -by west, seven and twentie leagues. At noone, our height was 42 -degrees, 50 minutes. At foure of the clocke in the after-noone, wee -cast about to the north-ward. At eight of the clocke, we tooke in -our top-sayles and our fore-bonnet, and went with a short sayle all -night. - -The eight and twentieth, very thicke and mystie, and a stiffe gale of -wind, varying betweene south south-west and south-west and by west; -we made our way north-west and by west, seven and twentie leagues; -wee sounded many times and could get no ground. At five of the clocke -we cast about to the southward, the wind at south-west and by west. -At which time we sounded, and had ground at seventie-five fathoms. At -eight, wee had sixtie-five fathoms. At ten, sixtie. At twelve of the -clocke at mid-night, fiftie-sixe fathoms, gray sand. - -The compasse varyed 6 degrees the north point to the west. - -The nine and twentieth, faire weather, we stood to the southward, and -made our way south and by west a point south, eighteene leagues. At -noone we found our height to be 42 degrees 56 minutes; wee sounded -oft and had these, 60, 64, 65, 67, 65, 65, 70, and 75 fathoms. At -night wee tryed the variation of our compasse by the setting of the -sunne, and found that it went downe 37 degrees to the northward of -the west, and should have gone downe but 31 degrees. The compasse -varyed 5 and a halfe degrees. - -The thirtieth, very hot, all the fore part of the day calme, the -wind at south south-east; wee steered away west south-west and -sounded many times, and could find no ground at one hundred and -seventie fathomes. We found a great current and many over-falls. Our -current had deceived us. For at noone we found our height to be 41 -degrees 34 minutes. And the current had heaved us to the southward -foureteene leagues. At eight of the clocke at night I sounded, and -had ground in fiftie-two fathomes. In the end of the mid-night watch -wee had fiftie-three fathomes. This last observation is not to be -trusted. - -The one and thirtieth, very thicke and mystie all day, untill tenne -of the clocke. At night the wind came to the south, and south-west -and south. We made our way west north-west nineteene leagues. Wee -sounded many times, and had difference of soundings, sometimes little -stones, and sometimes grosse gray sand, fiftie-sixe, fiftie-foure, -fortie-eight, fortie-seven, fortie-foure, fortie-sixe, fiftie -fathoms; and at eight of the clocke at night it fell calme, and we -had fiftie fathomes. And at ten of the clocke we heard a great rut, -like the rut of the shoare. Then I sounded and found the former -depth; and mistrusting a current, seeing it so still that the ship -made no way, I let the lead lie on the ground, and found a tide set -to the south-west, and south-west and by west, so fast, that I could -hardly vere the line so fast, and presently came an hurling current, -or tyde with over-fals, which cast our ship round; and the lead was -so fast in the ground that I feared the lines breaking, and we had no -more but that. At midnight I sounded againe, and we had seventie-five -fathomes; and the strong streame had left us. - -The first of August, ♦_August_♦ all the fore part of the day was -mystie, and at noone it cleered up. We found that our height was 41 -degrees 45 minutes, and we had gone nineteene leagues. The after-noon -was reasonable cleere. We found a rustling tide or current with many -over-fals to continue still, and our water to change colour, and -our sea to bee very deepe, for wee found no ground in one hundred -fathomes. The night was cleere, and the winde came to the north, and -north north-east, we steered west. - -The second, very faire weather and hot: from the morning till noone -we had a gale of wind, but in the after-noone little wind. At noone I -sounded and had one hundred and ten fathomes; and our height was 41 -degrees 56 minutes. And wee had runne four and twentie leagues and an -halfe. At the sun-setting we observed the variation of the compasse, -and found that it was come to his true place. At eight of the clocke -the gale increased, so wee ranne sixe leagues that watch, and had a -very faire and cleere night. - -The third, very hot weather. In the morning we had sight of the -land, ♦_Cape Malabar_♦ and steered in with it, thinking to go to the -northward of it. So we sent our shallop with five men to sound in -by the shore: and they found it deepe five fathomes within bow-shot -of the shoare; and they went on land, and found goodly grapes and -rose trees, and brought them aboord with them, at five of the clocke -in the eevening. We had seven and twentie fathomes within two miles -of the shoare; and we found a floud come from the south-east, and -an ebbe from the northwest, with a very strong streame, and a great -hurling and noyses. At eight of the clocke at night the wind began to -blow a fresh gale, and continued all night but variable. Our sounding -that wee had to the land was one hundred, eightie, seventie-foure, -fiftie-two, fortie-sixe, twentie-nine, twentie-seven, twentie-foure, -nineteene, seventeene, sometimes oze, and sometimes gray sand. - -The fourth, was very hot: we stood to the north-west two watches, -and one south in for the land, and came to an anchor at the norther -end of the headland, and heard the voyce of men call. Then we sent -our boat on shoare, thinking they had beene some Christians left -on the land: but wee found them to bee savages, which seemed very -glad of our comming. So wee brought one aboord with us, and gave -him meate, and he did eate and drinke with us. Our master gave him -three or foure glasse buttons, and sent him on land with our shallop -againe. And at our boats comming from the shoare he leapt and danced, -and held up his hands, and pointed us to a river on the other side: -for we had made signes that we came to fish there. The bodie of -this headland lyeth in 41 degrees 45 minutes. We set sayle againe -after dinner, thinking to have got to the westward of this headland, -but could not; so we beare up to the southward of it, and made a -south-east way; and the souther point did beare west at eight of the -clocke at night. Our soundings about the easter and norther part of -this headland, a league from the shoare are these: at the easterside -thirtie, twentie-seven, twentie-seven, twentie-foure, twentie-five, -twentie. The north-east point 17 degrees 18 minutes, and so deeper. -The north end of this headland, hard by the shoare thirtie fathomes: -and three leagues off north north-west, one hundred fathomes. At the -south-east part a league off, fifteene, sixteene, and seventeene -fathomes. The people have greene tabacco and pipes, the boles whereof -are made of earth and the pipes of red copper. The land is very sweet. - -The fift, all mystie. At eight of the clocke in the morning wee tact -about to the westward, and stood in till foure of the clocke in -the after-noone; at which time it cleered, and wee had sight of the -head-land againe five leagues from us. The souther point of it did -beare west off us: and we sounded many times, and had no ground. -And at foure of the clocke we cast about, and at our staying wee -had seventie fathomes. Wee steered away south and south by east all -night, and could get no ground at seventie and eightie fathomes. For -wee feared a great riffe that lyeth off the land, and steered away -south and by east. - -The sixth, faire weather, but many times mysting. Wee steered away -south south-east, till eight of the clocke in the morning; then -it cleered a little, and we cast about to the westward. Then we -sounded and had thirtie fathomes, grosse sand, and were come to -the riffe. Then wee kept our lead, and had quicke shoalding from -thirtie, twentie-nine, twentie-seven, twentie-foure, twentie-two, -twentie and an halfe, twentie, twentie, nineteene, nineteene, -nineteene, eighteene, eighteene, seventeene; and so deeping againe as -proportionally as it shoalded. For we steered south and south-east -till we came to twentie-sixe fathomes. Then we steered south-west, -for so the tyde doth set. By and by, it being calme, we tryed by our -lead; for you shall have sixteene or seventeene fathomes, and the -next cast but seven or six fathomes. And farther to the westward -you shall have foure and five foot water, and see rockes under you -and you shall see the land in the top. Upon this riffe we had an -observation, and found that it lyeth in 40 degrees, 10 minutes. And -this is that headland which Captaine Bartholomew Gosnold discovered -in the yeere 1602, and called Cape Cod, because of the store of -cod-fish that hee found thereabout. So we steered south-west three -leagues, and had twentie and twentie-foure fathomes. Then we steered -west two glasses, halfe a league, and came to fifteene fathomes. Then -we steered off south-east foure glasses, but could not get deepe -water; for there the tyde of ebbe laid us on; and the streame did -hurle so, that it laid us so neere the breach of a shoald that wee -were forced to anchor. So at seven of the clocke at night wee were at -an anchor in tenne fathomes: and I give God most heartie thankes, the -least water wee had was seven fathomes and an halfe. We rode still -all night, and at a still water I sounded so farre round about our -ship as we could see a light; and had no lesse then eight, nine, ten, -and eleven fathomes: the myst continued being very thicke. - -The seventh, faire weather and hot, but mystie. Wee rode still -hoping it would cleere, but on the floud it fell calme and thicke. -So we rode still all day and all night. The floud commeth from the -south-west, and riseth not above one fathome and an halfe in nepe -streames. Toward night it cleered, and I went with our shallop -and sounded, and found no lesse water then eight fathomes to the -south-east off us; but we saw to the north-west off us great breaches. - -The eight, faire and cleere weather. In the morning, by sixe of the -clocke, at slake water, wee weighed, the wind at north-east, and set -our fore-sayle and mayne top-sayle, and got a mile over the flats. -Then the tyde of ebbe came, so we anchored againe till the floud -came. Then we set sayle againe, and by the great mercie of God wee -got cleere off them by one of the clocke this afternoone. And wee had -sight of the land from the west north-west to the north north-west. -So we steered away south south-east all night, and had ground untill -the middle of the third watch. Then we had fortie-five fathomes, -white sand and little stones. So all our soundings are twentie, -twentie, twentie-two, twentie-seven, thirtie-two, fortie-three, -fortie-three, fortie-five. Then no ground in seventie fathomes. - - - - - Samuel Argall - - 1610 - - PENOBSCOT BAY - - SAMUEL ARGALL _first visited Virginia in 1609, when he demonstrated - the possibility of making the voyage from England by a more direct - route than that by way of the Azores and the West Indies. For the - next decade Argall was constantly associated with the affairs - of the Jamestown colony. In 1610 he reached the settlement with - supplies and recruits from England barely in time to prevent its - abandonment. As the provisions which he brought afforded only a - temporary relief, he started off at once for the Bermudas. His - experiences during the voyage are told in his journal, which is - here reprinted from the fourth volume of “Purchas his Pilgrimes,” - printed at London in 1625._ - - _Argall made two more voyages to the New England coast in 1613, - first to investigate the reports that the French were making - settlements on Mount Desert and at the mouth of the St. Croix - River, and then to complete the destruction of the houses and - fortifications begun by the French. For reasons of policy, it may - be, no detailed accounts of these later voyages appear to have been - preserved._ - - -[Illustration: (Decorative banner)] - - THE VOYAGE OF Captaine SAMVEL ARGAL, from _Iames_ Towne in - _Virginia_, to seek the Ile of _Bermuda_, and missing the same, his - putting ouer toward _Sagadahoc_ and Cape Cod, and so backe againe - to _Iames_ Towne, begun the nineteenth of Iune, 1610. - -SIR GEORGE SUMMERS, being bound for the Ile of Bermuda with two -Pinnaces, ♦_1610 June_♦ the one called the Patience, wherein he -sailed himselfe, set saile from Iames Towne in Virginia, the -ninteenth of Iune, 1610. The two and twentieth at noone we came to an -anchor at Cape Henry, to take more balast. The weather proued very -wet: so wee road vnder the Cape till two of the clocke, the three and -twentieth in the morning. Then we weighed and stood off to Sea, the -wind at South-west. And till eight of the clocke at night it was all -Southerly, and then that shifted to South-west. The Cape then bearing -West, about eight leagues off. Then wee stirred ♦_Steered_♦ away -South-east. The foure and twentieth, at noone I obserued the Sunne, -and found my selfe to bee in thirtie sixe degrees, fortie seuen -minutes, about twentie leagues off from the Land. From the foure and -twentieth at noone, to the fiue and twentieth at noone, sixe leagues -East, the wind Southerly, but for the most part it was calme. From -the fiue and twentieth at noone, to the sixe and twentieth about sixe -of the clocke in the morning, the winde was all Southerly, and but -little. And then it beganne to blow a fresh gale at West South-west. -So by noone I had sailed fourteene leagues East, South-east pricked. -From the sixe and twentieth at noone, to the seuen and twentieth -at noone, twentie leagues East, South-east. The wind shifting from -the West, South-west Southerly, and so to the East, and the weather -faire, but close. From the seuen and twentieth at noone, to the eight -and twentieth at noone, sixe and twentie leagues East, South-east, -the wind shifting backe againe from the East to the West. Then by -mine obseruation I found the ship to be in thirtie fiue degrees -fiftie foure minutes. From the eight and twentieth at noone, to the -nine and twentieth at noone, thirtie sixe leagues East by South, -the wind at West, North-west. Then by my obseruation I found the -ship to be in thirtie fiue degrees, thirtie minutes pricked. From -the nine and twentieth at noone to the thirtieth at noone, thirtie -fiue leagues East, South-east. The winde shifting betweene West, -North-west, and West, South-west, blowing a good fresh gale. Then -by my obseruation I found the ship to be in thirtie foure degrees, -fortie nine minutes pricked. From the thirtieth of Iune at noone, to -the first of Iuly at noone, thirtie leagues South-east by East, the -winde at west, then I found the ship in thirtie foure degrees pricked. - -From the first of Iuly at noone, ♦_July_♦ to the second at noon, -twentie leagues East, South-east southerly, the wind West, then I -found the ship to bee in thirtie three degrees, thirtie minutes -pricked, the weather very faire. From the second at noone, to the -third at foure of the clocke in the afternoone it was calme, then -it beganne to blow a resonable fresh gale at South-east: so I made -account that the ship had driuen about sixe leagues in that time -East. The Sea did set all about the West. From that time to the -fourth at noone, seuenteen leagues East by North, the wind shifting -betweene South-east and South South-west, then I found the ship to -bee in thirtie three degrees, fortie minutes, the weather continued -very faire. From the fourth at noone, to the fifth at noone, ten -leagues South-east, the wind and weather as before, then I found the -ship to be in thirtie three degrees, seuenteene minutes pricked. From -the fift at noone, to the sixt at noone, eight leagues South-west, -then I found the ship to be in thirtie two degrees, fiftie seuen -minutes pricked; the wind and weather continued as before, only we -had a small showre or two of raine. From the sixt at noone, to the -seuenth at noone, seuenteene leagues East by North, then I found the -ship to be in thirtie three degrees, the wind and weather as before. -From the seuenth at noon, to the eight at noone, fourteene leagues -North-east, then I found the ship to be in thirtie three degrees, -thirtie two minutes, the wind and weather continued as before. From -the eight at noon to the ninth at noone, fiue leagues South-east, -there I found the ship to be in thirtie three degrees, twentie one -minutes, the wind at South-west, the weather very faire. From the -ninth at noone, to the tenth at noone, fiue leagues South, the wind -westerly; but for the most part it was calme, and the weather very -faire. From the tenth at noone, to the eleuenth at noone it was -calme, and so continued vntill nine of the clocke the same night, -then it began to blow a reasonable fresh gale at South-east, and -continued all that night betweene South-east and South, and vntill -the twelfth day at noone: by which time I had sailed fifteene leagues -West southerly: then I found the ship in thirtie three degrees, -thirtie minutes. From that time to foure of the clock the twelfth day -in the morning twelue leagues West by North, the wind all southerly, -and then it shifted betweene South and South-west, then wee tacked -about and stood South-east, and South-east by South: so by noone I -had sayled fiue leagues South-east by East; then I found the ship in -thirtie three degrees ten minutes. From the thirteenth at noone, to -the fourteenth at noone, twenty leagues South-east by East, the wind -shifting betweene the South-west, and West South-west, then I found -the ship to be in thirtie two degrees, thirtie fiue minutes. From -the fourteenth at noone, to the fifteenth at noone, twentie leagues -South-east, then I found the ship to be in thirty two degrees, the -wind as before: then we tacked about, and lay North-west by West. -From the fifteenth at noone, to the sixteenth at noone, twelue -leagues North by West, the wind shifting betweene South-west and -West, and the weather very stormy, with many sudden gusts of wind and -rayne. - -And about sixe of the clocke in the after-noone, being to windward -of our Admirall I bare vp vnder his lee: who when I hayled him, told -me that he would tack it vp no longer, because hee was not able -to keepe the sea any longer, for lacke of a road and water: but -that hee would presently steere away North North-west, to see if -he could fetch Cape Cod. Which without delay he put in execution. -His directions I followed: so from the sixteenth day at noone, to -the seuenteenth at noone I had sailed thirtie eight leagues North -North-west: then I found my ship to be in thirtie foure degrees, -ten minutes. The seuenteenth and eighteenth dayes were very wet -and stormy, and the winds shifting all points of the Compasse. The -nineteenth day, about foure of the clocke in the morning it began -to cleere vp, and then we had a very stiffe gale betweene East and -North-east. From the seuenteenth at noone, to the nineteenth at -noone, I had sayled fiftie fiue leagues North North-west, then I -found the ship to be thirtie sixe degrees, thirty minutes. From the -nineteenth at noone, to the twentieth at noone, thirty fiue leagues -North-west: then I was in thirty seuen degrees, fifty two minutes, -the weather now was fairer and the wind all easterly. From the -twentieth at noone, to the twentie one at noone, we sayled twenty -leagues North by West, the wind betweene East and South-east, and -the weather very faire. At the sunne setting I obserued, and found -thirteene degrees, and an halfe of westerly variation, and vntill -midnight we had a reasonable fresh gale of wind all southerly, and -then it fell calme and rained, and so continued very little wind -vntill the two and twentieth at noone, and shifting all the points of -the Compasse: yet by mine obseruation that I made then, I found that -the ship had run twentie fiue leagues North, for I found her to be in -forty degrees, one minute, which maketh me thinke that there was some -tide or current that did set Northward. Againe, those that had the -second watch did say, That in their watch they did see a race, and -that ship did driue apace to the Northward, when she had not a breath -of wind. - -From the two and twentieth at noone, vntill ten of the clocke at -night, we had a fresh gale of wind, betweene East and South-east, -and then it shifted all westerly, and so continued vntill two of -the clocke the twenty three in the morning: and then it began to -be very foggy and but little wind, yet shifting all the points of -the Compasse, and so continued vntill ten of the clocke and then it -began to cleere vp. At twelue of the clocke I obserued, and then I -found the ship to be in fortie degrees fiftie minutes: so from the -twenty two at noone, to the twenty three at noone I had sayled twenty -leagues Northward. From the twenty three at noone, to the twenty -foure, at three of the clocke in the morning it was calme, and then -we had a reasonable fresh gale of wind all southerly, and so it -continued vntill noon southerly, in which time I had sailed twelue -leagues North. And about foure of the clocke in the afternoone, we -had forty seuen fathoms of water, ♦_Fishing Banks_♦ which water we -did find to be changed into a grasse green in the morning, yet we -would not heaue a lead, because our Admirall was so farre on head of -vs: who about three of the clocke in the afternoone lay by the lee, -and fished till I came vp to him: and then I fitted my selfe and my -boat, and fished vntill sixe of the clocke. And then the Admirall -fitted his sailes, and stirred away North, whom I followed with all -the speed I could. But before seuen of the clocke there fell such a -myst, that I was faine to shoot off a Peece, which he answered with a -Cornet that he had aboord. So with hallowing and making a noyse one -to another all the night we kept company. About two of the clocke, -the twenty fiue day in the morning we tooke in all our sailes, and -lay at Hull vntill fiue of the clocke: and then finding but small -store of fish, we set saile and stirred away North-west, to fetch the -mayne land to relieue our selues with wood and water, which we stood -in great need of. About two of the clocke in the afternoone we tooke -in all our sailes and lay at Hull, at which time I heaued the lead -three times together, and had three sundry kindes of soundings. The -first a blacke peppery sand, full of peble stones. The second blacke -peppery, and no stones: The third, blacke peppery, and two or three -stones. - -From the fourth at noone, to the twentie fiue, at two of the clocke -in the afternoone, I sayled thirteene leagues West North-west: and -the weather continuing very foggy, thicke, and rainy, about fiue -of the clocke it began to cease, and then we began to fish, and so -continued vntill seuen of the clocke in betweene thirty and forty -fathoms, and then we could fish no longer. So hauing gotten betweene -twentie and thirty Cods, we left for that night: and at fiue of the -clocke, the twenty sixe in the morning we began to fish againe, and -so continued vntill ten of the clocke, and then it would fish no -longer: in which time we had taken neere one hundred Cods, and a -couple of Hollybuts. All this while wee had betweene thirty and forty -fathoms water: before one of the clocke in the afternoone we found -the ship driuen into one hundred and twenty fathoms, and soft blacke -Ose. Then Sir George Somers sent me word, that he would set saile, -and stand in for the Riuer of Sagadahoc; whose directions I followed. - -Before two of the clocke we set saile, and stirred away North-west -by North, the wind South South-west, and the weather continued very -foggy. About eight of the clocke wee tooke in all our sailes, and -lay at Hull at that night. The seuen and twentieth, about seuen of -the clocke in the morning we heaued the lead, and had no ground in -one hundred and twentie fathoms. Then I shot off a Peece, but could -not heare none answere from our Admirall: and the weather was so -thicke, that we could not see a Cables length from our ship. Betweene -nine and ten of the clock we did thinke that we did heare a Peece -of Ordnance to windward: which made me suppose our Admirall had set -saile, and that it was a warning piece from him. So I set sayle and -stood close by the wind, and kept an hollowing and a noise to try -whether I could find him againe: the wind was at South-west, and I -stood away West North-west. From the sixe and twentieth, at two of -the clocke in the afternoone, to eight of the clocke at night I had -sayled nine leagues North-west. The seuen and twentieth at noone -I heaued the Lead, in one hundred and twenty fathoms, and had no -ground. Then I stirred away North-west, till foure of the clocke at -night: then I heaued the Lead againe one hundred and twenty fathoms, -and had no ground. Then I tooke all my sailes and lay at Hull, and -I had sayled seuen leagues North-west. The eight and twentieth, at -seuen of the clocke in the morning I did sound in one hundred and -twenty fathoms, and had no ground. Then I set sayle againe, and -steered away North, and North by West. At noone I heaued in one -hundred and twenty fathoms againe, and had no ground. So I steered -on my course still, the wind shifted betweene South and South-west, -and the fog continued. At foure of the clocke in the afternoone, -I heaued one hundred twenty fathoms againe, and had no ground: so -I stood on vntill eight of the clocke, by which time I had sailed -twelue leagues: then I heaued the Lead againe, and had blacke Ose, -and one hundred thirty fiue fathoms water. Then I tooke in all my -sayles and lay at hull vntill the nine and twentieth, at fiue of -the clocke in the morning. Then I set saile againe, and steered -away North, and North by West. At eight of the clocke I heaued the -Lead againe, and had blacke Ose in one hundred and thirty fathoms -water. Betweene eleuen and twelue of the clocke it began to thunder, -but the fogge continued not still. About two of the clocke in the -afternoone, I went out with my Boat my selfe and heaued the Lead, and -had blacke Ose in ninety fathoms water: by which time I had sailed -six leagues North by West more. Then I tooke in all my sayles sauing -my Fore-course and Bonnet, and stood in with those sailes onely. -About sixe of the clocke I sounded againe, and then I had sixty fiue -fathoms water. As soone as I came aboord it cleered vp, and then I -saw a small Iland, which bare North about two leagues off; whereupon -I stood in vntill eight of the clocke: And then I stood off againe -vntill two of the clocke in the morning the thirtieth day. Then I -stood in againe, and about eight of the clocke I was faire aboord the -Iland. Then I manned my Boat and went on shoare, where I found great -store of Seales: And I killed three Seales with my hanger. This Iland -is not halfe a mile about, nothing but a Rocke, which seemed to be -very rich Marble stone. And a South South-west Moon maketh a full -Sea. About ten of the clocke I came aboord againe, with some Wood -that I had found vpon the Iland, for there had beene some folkes that -had made fiers there. ♦_Seal Rock and Matinicus outside Penobscot -Bay_♦ Then I stood ouer to another Iland that did beare North off me -about three leagues; this small rockie Iland lyeth in forty foure -degrees. About seuen of the clocke that night I came to an anchor -among many Ilands in eight fathoms water: and vpon one of these -Ilands I fitted my selfe with Wood and Water, and Balast. - -The third day of August, ♦_August_♦ being fitted to put to Sea -againe, I caused the Master of the ship to open the boxe wherein my -Commission was, to see what directions I had, and for what place I -was bound to shape my course. Then I tried whether there were any -fish there or not, and I found reasonable good store there; so I -stayed there fishing till the twelfth of August: and then finding -that the fishing did faile, I thought good to returne to the Iland -where I had killed the Seales, to see whether I could get any store -of them or not; for I did find that they were very nourishing meate, -and a great reliefe to my men, and that they would be very well -saued with salt to keepe a long time. But when I came thither I -could not by any meanes catch any. The fourteenth day at noone I -obserued the Sun, and found the Iland to lie in forty three degrees, -forty minutes. Then I shaped my course for Cape Cod, to see whether -I could get any fish there or not: so by the fifteenth at noone, I -had sailed thirty two leagues South-west, the wind for the most part -was betweene North-west and North. From the fifteenth at noone, to -the sixteenth at noone I ran twenty leagues South, the wind shifting -betweene West and South-west. And then I sounded and had ground in -eighteene fathoms water, full of shels and peble stones of diuers -colours, some greene, and some blewish, some like diamants, and some -speckled. Then I tooke in all my sayles, and set all my company to -fishing, and fished till eight of the clocke that night: and finding -but little fish there, I set sayle againe, and by the seuenteenth -at noone I had sayled ten leagues West by North, the wind shifting -betweene South and South-west. From noone, till sixe of the clocke -at night, foure leagues North-west, the wind shifting betweene West -and South-west. Then it did blow so hard that I tooke in all my -sayles, and lay at hull all that night, vntill fiue of the clock the -eighteenth day in the morning: and then I set saile againe, and by -noone I had sailed foure leagues North-west, the wind betweene West -and South-west. From the eighteenth at noone, to the nineteenth at -noone ten leagues West by West, the wind shifting betweene South and -South-west, and the weather very thick and foggy. - -About seuen of the clocke at night the fogge began to breake away, -and the wind did shift westerly, and by midnight it was shifted to -the North, and there it did blow very hard vntill the twenty at -noone: but the weather was very cleere, and then by my obseruation -I found the ship to bee in the latitude of forty one degrees, forty -foure minutes, and I had sailed twenty leagues South-west by West. -From the nineteenth at noone, to the twentieth at noone: about two -of the clocke in the afternoone I did see an Hed-land, ♦_Cape Cod_♦ -which did beare off me South-west, about foure leagues: so I steered -with it, taking it to bee Cape Cod; and by foure of the clocke I was -fallen among so many shoales, that it was fiue of the clocke the next -day in the morning before I could get cleere of them, it is a very -dangerous place to fall withall: for the shoales lie at the least -ten leagues off from the Land; and I had vpon one of them but one -fathom and an halfe water, and my Barke did draw seuen foot. This -Land lyeth South-west, and North-east, and the shoales lie off from -it South and South by West, and so along toward the North. At the -North-west by West Guards I obserued the North-starre, and found the -ship to be in the latitude of fortie one degrees, fiftie minutes, -being then in the middle of the Sholdes: and I did finde thirteene -degrees westerly variation then likewise. Thus finding the place -not to be for my turne, as soon as I was cleere of these dangers, I -thought it fit to returne to Iames Towne in Virginia, to the Lord -De-lawarre, my Lord Gouernour, and there to attend his command: so I -shaped my course for that place. - - - - - John Smith - - 1614 - - MONHEGAN - - JOHN SMITH, _in the autumn of 1609, returned to England from - Virginia, to answer charges against his administration, and - thereafter he had no official connection with that colony. Two - years later he was sent to New England by some London merchants who - had engaged in a trading and fishing venture. While his companions - were occupied with the business of securing a return cargo, - Smith made an exploring trip along the coast. His observations, - supplemented by charts and information secured from other - navigators, enabled him to prepare the first published map which - gives an accurate contour of the coast. In 1615 Smith made two - unsuccessful attempts to revisit New England, and in 1617 he again - planned to take part in an expedition which never left port. His - “Description of New-England,” printed in 1616, was followed in 1620 - by his “New-Englands Trials,” which contains a brief summary of the - voyages and attempts at colonization northward of Virginia._ - - -[Illustration: _Earliest Book in which the Name “New England” occurs_ - - A - DESCRIPTION - of _New England_: - - _OR_ - - THE OBSERVATIONS, AND - discoueries, of Captain _Iohn Smith_ (Admirall - of that Country) in the North of _America_, in the year - _of our Lord 1614: with the successe of sixe Ships, - that went the next yeare 1615; and the_ - accidents befell him among the - _French men of warre_: - - With the proofe of the present benefit this - Countrey affoords: whither this present yeare, - _1616, eight voluntary Ships are gone - to make further tryall_. - - _At LONDON_ - Printed by _Humfrey Lownes_, for _Robert Clerke_; and - are to be sould at his house called the Lodge, - in Chancery lane, ouer against Lincolnes - Inne, 1616.] - - -[Illustration: (Decorative banner)] - - A DESCRIPTION of _New England_, by _Captaine_ JOHN SMITH. - -IN the moneth of Aprill, 1614, with two Ships from London, ♦_April -1614_♦ of a few Marchants, I chanced to arrive in New-England, a -parte of Ameryca, at the Ile of Monahiggan, in 43½ of Northerly -latitude: ♦_Monhegan_♦ our plot was there to take Whales and make -tryalls of a Myne of Gold and Copper. If those failed, Fish and -Furres was then our refuge, to make our selves savers howsoever: we -found this Whalefishing a costly conclusion: we saw many, and spent -much time in chasing them; but could not kill any: They beeing a -kinde of Iubartes, and not the Whale that yeeldes Finnes and Oyle -as wee expected. For our Golde, it was rather the Masters device to -get a voyage that proiected it, then any knowledge hee had at all -of any such matter. Fish and Furres was now our guard: and by our -late arrival, and long lingring about the Whale, the prime of both -those seasons were past ere wee perceived it; we thinking that their -seasons served at all times: but wee found it otherwise; for by the -midst of Iune, the fishing failed. Yet in Iuly and August some was -taken, but not sufficient to defray so great a charge as our stay -required. Of dry fish we made about 40000. of Cor-fish about 7000. -Whilest the sailers fished, my selfe with eight or nine others of -them might best bee spared; Ranging the coast in a small boat, wee -got for trifles neer 1100 Bever skinnes, 100 Martins, and neer as -many Otters; and the most of them within the distance of twenty -leagues. We ranged the Coast both East and West much furder; but -Eastwards our commodities were not esteemed, they were so neare the -French who affords them better: and right against us in the Main was -a Ship of Sir Frances Popphames, that had there such acquaintance, -having many yeares used onely that porte, ♦_Sagadahock Colony_♦ that -the most parte there was had by him. And 40 leagues westwards were -two French Ships, that had made there a great voyage by trade, during -the time wee tryed those conclusions, not knowing the Coast, nor -Salvages habitation. With these Furres, the Traine, and Cor-fish I -returned for England in the Bark: where within six monthes after our -departure from the Downes, we safe arrived back. The best of this -fish was solde for five pound the hundreth, the rest by ill usage -betwixt three pound and fifty shillings. The other Ship staied to -fit herselfe for Spaine with the dry fish which was sould, by the -Sailers reporte that returned, at forty ryalls the quintall, each -hundred weighing two quintalls and a halfe. - -New England is that part of America in the Ocean Sea opposite to -Nova Albyon ♦_California_♦ in the South Sea; discovered by the -most memorable Sir Francis Drake in his voyage about the worlde. -In regarde whereto this is stiled New England, beeing in the same -latitude. New France, off it, is Northward: Southwardes is Virginia, -and all the adioyning Continent, with New Granado, New Spain, New -Andolosia and the West Indies. Now because I have beene so oft asked -such strange questions, of the goodnesse and greatnesse of those -spatious Tracts of land, how they can bee thus long unknown, or not -possessed by the Spaniard, and many such like demands; I intreat your -pardons, if I chance to be too plaine, or tedious in relating my -knowledge for plaine mens satisfaction. - -Florida is the next adioyning to the Indies, which unprosperously -was attempted to bee planted by the French. ♦_Ribault Colony 1565_♦ -A Country farre bigger then England, Scotland, France and Ireland, -yet little knowne to any Christian, but by the wonderful endevours of -Ferdinando de Soto a valiant Spaniard: whose writings in this age is -the best guide knowne to search those parts. - -Virginia is no Ile (as many doe imagine) but part of the Continent -adioyning to Florida; whose bounds may be stretched to the magnitude -thereof without offence to any Christian inhabitant. For from the -degrees of 30. to 45. his Maiestie hath granted his Letters patents, -the Coast extending South-west and North-east aboute 1500 miles; -but to follow it aboard, the shore may well be 2000. at the least: -of which, 20. miles is the most gives entrance into the Bay of -Chisapeak, where is the London plantation: within which is a Country -(as you may perceive by the description in a Booke and Map printed in -my name of that little I there discovered) may well suffice 300000 -people to inhabit. And Southward adioyneth that part discovered at -the charge of Sir Walter Rawley, by Sir Ralph Lane, and that learned -Mathematician Mr. Thomas Heryot. Northward six or seaven degrees is -the River Sadagahock, where was planted the Westerne Colony, by that -Honourable Patrone of vertue Sir Iohn Poppham Lord chief Iustice of -England. Ther is also a relation printed by Captaine Bartholomew -Gosnould, of Elizabeths Iles: and an other by Captaine Waymoth, -of Pemmaquid. From all these diligent observers, posterity may be -bettered by the fruits of their labours. But for divers others that -long before and since have ranged those parts, within a kenning -sometimes of the shore, some touching in one place some in another, -I must entreat them pardon me for omitting them; or if I offend in -saying that their true descriptions are concealed, or never well -observed, or died with the Authors: so that the Coast is yet still -but even as a Coast unknowne and undiscovered. I have had six or -seaven severall plots of those Northren parts, so unlike each to -other, and most so differing from any true proportion, or resemblance -of the Countrey, as they did mee no more good, then so much waste -paper, though they cost me more. It may be it was not my chance to -see the best; but least others may be deceived as I was, or throgh -dangerous ignorance hazard themselves as I did, I have drawen a Map -from Point to Point, Ile to Ile, and Harbour to Harbour, with the -Soundings, Sands, Rocks, and Landmarks as I passed close aboard the -Shore in a little Boat; although there be many things to bee observed -which the haste of other affaires did cause me omit: for, being sent -more to get present commodities, then knowledge by discoveries for -any future good, I had not power to search as I would: yet it will -serve to direct any shall goe that waies, to safe Harbours and the -Salvages habitations: What marchandize and commodities for their -labour they may finde, this following discourse shall plainely -demonstrate. - -Thus you may see, of this 2000. miles more than halfe is yet unknowne -to any purpose: no not so much as the borders of the Sea are yet -certainly discovered. As for the goodnes and true substances of the -Land, wee are for most part yet altogether ignorant of them, unlesse -it be those parts about the Bay of Chisapeack and Sagadahock: but -onely here and there wee touched or have seene a little the edges of -those large dominions, which doe stretch themselves into the Maine, -God doth know how many thousand miles; whereof we can yet no more -iudge, then a stranger that saileth betwixt England and France can -describe the Harbors and dangers by landing here or there in some -River or Bay, tell thereby the goodnesse and substances of Spaine, -Italy, Germany, Bohemia, Hungaria and the rest. By this you may -perceive how much they erre, that think every one which hath been -at Virginia understandeth or knowes what Virginia is: Or that the -Spaniards know one halfe quarter of those Territories they possesse; -no, not so much as the true circumference of Terra Incognita, whose -large dominions may equalize the greatnesse and goodnes of America, -for any thing yet known. It is strange with what small power hee -hath raigned in the East Indies; and few will understand the truth -of his strength in America: where he having so much to keepe with -such a pampered force, they neede not greatly feare his furie, in the -Bermudas, Virginia, New France, or New England; beyond whose bounds -America doth stretch many thousand miles: into the frozen partes -whereof one Master Hutson an English Mariner did make the greatest -discoverie of any Christian I knowe of, ♦_Hudson’s Bay_♦ where he -unfortunately died. For Affrica, had not the industrious Portugales -ranged her unknowne parts, who would have sought for wealth among -those fryed Regions of blacke brutish Negers, where notwithstanding -all the wealth and admirable adventures and endeavours more than -140 yeares, they knowe not one third of those blacke habitations. -But it is not a worke for every one, to manage such an affaire as -makes a discoverie, and plants a Colony: It requires all the best -parts of Art, Iudgement, Courage, Honesty, Constancy, Diligence -and Industrie, to doe but neere well. Some are more proper for one -thing then another; and therein are to be imployed: and nothing -breedes more confusion than misplacing and mis-imploying men in -their undertakings. Columbus, Cortez, Pitzara, Soto, Magellanes, and -the rest served more than a prentiship to learne how to begin their -most memorable attempts in the West Indies; which to the wonder of -all ages successfully they effected, when many hundreds of others -farre above them in the worlds opinion, beeing instructed but by -relation, came to shame and confusion in actions of small moment, who -doubtlesse in other matters, were both wise, discreet, generous, -and couragious. I say not this to detract any thing from their -incomparable merits, but to answer those questionlesse questions that -keep us back from imitating the worthinesse of their brave spirits -that advanced themselves from poore Souldiers to great Captaines, -their posterity to great Lords, their King to be one of the greatest -Potentates on earth, end the fruites of their labours, his greatest -glory, power and renowne. - -That part wee call New England is betwixt the degrees of 41. and -45: but that parte this discourse speaketh of, stretcheth but from -Pennobscot to Cape Cod, some 75 leagues by a right line distant each -from other: within which bounds I have seene at least 40. severall -habitations upon the Sea Coast, and sounded about 25 excellent good -Harbours; In many whereof there is ancorage for 500. sayle of ships -of any burthen; in some of them for 5000: And more than 200 Iles -overgrowne with good timber, of divers sorts of wood, which doe make -so many harbours as requireth a longer time than I had, to be well -discovered. - -The principall habitation Northward we were at was Penobscot: -Southward along the Coast and up the Rivers we found Mecadacut, -Segocket, Pemmaquid, Nusconcus, Kenebeck, Sagadahock, and -Aumoughcawgen; And to those Countries belong the people of Segotago, -Paghhuntanuck, Pocopassum, Taughtanakagnet, Warbigganus, Nassaque, -Masherosqueck, Wawrigweck, Moshoquen, Wakcogo, Pasharanack, &c. -To these are allied the Countries of Aucocisco, Accominticus, -Passataquack, Aggawom and Naemkeck: all these, I could perceive, -differ little in language, fashion, or government: though most be -Lords of themselves, yet they hold the Bashabes of Pennobscot, the -chiefe and greatest amongst them. - -The next I can remember by name are Mattahunts; two pleasant Iles -of groves, gardens and corne fields a league in the Sea from the -Mayne. Then Totant, Massachuset, Pocapawmet, Quonahassit, Sagoquas, -Nahapassumkeck, Topeent, Seccasaw, Totheet, Nasnocomacak, Accomack, -Chawum; Then Cape Cod by which is Pawmet and the Ile Nawset of the -language, and alliance of them of Chawum: The others are called -Massachusets; of another language, humor and condition: For their -trade and marchandize; to each of their habitations they have diverse -Townes and people belonging; and by their relations and descriptions, -more than 20 severall Habitations and Rivers that stretch themselves -farre up into the Countrey, even to the borders of diverse great -Lakes, where they kill and take most of their Bevers and Otters. From -Pennobscot to Sagadahock this Coast is all Mountainous and Iles of -huge Rocks, but overgrowen with all sorts of excellent good woodes -for building houses, boats, barks or shippes; with an incredible -abundance of most sorts of fish, much fowle, and sundry sorts of good -fruites for mans use. - -Betwixt Sagadahock and Sowocatuck there is but two or three sandy -Bayes, but betwixt that and Cape Cod very many: especially the Coast -of the Massachusets is so indifferently mixed with high clayie or -sandy cliffes in one place, and then tracts of large long ledges of -divers sorts, and quarries of stones in other places so strangely -divided with tinctured veines of divers colours: as, Free stone for -building, Slate for tiling, smooth stone to make Fornaces and Forges -for glasse or iron, and iron ore sufficient, conveniently to melt -in them: but the most part so resembleth the Coast of Devonshire, -I thinke most of the cliffes would make such limestone: If they be -not of these qualities, they are so like, they may deceive a better -iudgement then mine; all which are so neere adioyning to those other -advantages I observed in these parts, that if the Ore prove as good -iron and steele in those parts, as I know it is within the bounds -of the Countrey, I dare engage my head (having but men skilfull to -worke the simples there growing) to have all things belonging to -the building the rigging of shippes of any proportion, and good -marchandize for the fraught, ♦_Freight_♦ within a square of 10 or 14 -leagues: and were it for a good rewarde, I would not feare to prooue -it in a lesse limitation. - -And surely by reason of those sandy cliffes and cliffes of rocks, -both which we saw so planted with Gardens and Corne fields, and so -well inhabited with a goodly, strong and well proportioned people, -besides the greatnesse of the Timber growing on them, the greatnesse -of the fish and moderate temper of the ayre (for of twentie five, -not any was sicke, but two that were many yeares diseased before -they went, notwithstanding our bad lodging and accidentall diet) who -can but approoue this is a most excellent place, both for health and -fertility? And of all the foure parts of the world that I have yet -seene not inhabited, could I have but meanes to transport a Colonie, -I would rather live here than any where: and if it did not maintaine -it selfe, were wee but once indifferently well fitted, let us starve. - -The maine Staple, from hence to bee extracted for the present to -produce the rest, is fish; which however it may seeme a mean and a -base commoditie: yet who will but truely take the pains and consider -the sequell, I thinke will allow it well worth the labour. It is -strange to see what great adventures the hopes of setting forth men -of war to rob the industrious innocent, would procure: or such massie -promises in grosse: though more are choked then well fedde with -such hastie hopes. But who doth not know that the poore Hollanders, -chiefly by fishing, at a great charge and labour in all weathers in -the open Sea, are made a people so hardy, and industrious? and by -the venting this poore commodity to the Easterlings for as meane, -which is Wood, Flax, Pitch, Tarre, Rosin, Cordage, and such like -(which they exchange againe, to the French, Spaniards, Portugales, -and English, &c. for what they want) are made so mighty, strong -and rich, as no State but Venice, of twice their magnitude, is so -well furnished with so many faire Cities, goodly Townes, strong -Fortresses, and that aboundance of shipping and all sorts of -marchandize, as well of Golde, Silver, Pearles, Diamonds, Pretious -Stones, Silkes, Velvets, and Cloth of golde; as Fish, Pitch, Wood, or -such grosse commodities? What Voyages and Discoveries, East and West, -North and South, yea about the world, make they? What an Army by Sea -and Land, have they long maintained in despite of one of the greatest -Princes of the world? And never could the Spaniard with all his Mynes -of golde and Silver, pay his debts, his friends, and army, halfe so -truly, as the Hollanders stil have done by this contemptible trade -of fish. Divers (I know) may alledge, many other assistances: But -this is their Myne; and the Sea the source of those silvered streams -of all their vertue; which hath made them now the very miracle of -industrie, the pattern of perfection for these affaires: and the -benefit of fishing is that Primum mobile that turns all their Spheres -to this height of plentie, strength, honour and admiration. - -Herring, Cod, and Ling, is that triplicitie that makes their wealth -and shippings multiplicities, such as it is, and from which (few -would thinke it) they yearly draw at least one million and a halfe of -pounds starling; yet it is most certaine (if records be true:) and in -this faculty they are so naturalized, and of their vents so certainly -acquainted, as there is no likelihood they will ever bee paralleld, -having 2 or 3000 Busses, Flat bottomes, Sword pinks, Todes, and such -like, that breedes them Saylers, Mariners, Souldiers and Marchants, -never to be wrought out of that trade, and fit for any other. I -will not deny but others may gaine as well as they, that will use -it, though not so certainely, nor so much in quantity; for want of -experience. And this Herring they take upon the Coast of Scotland and -England; their Cod and Ling, upon the Coast of Izeland and in the -North Seas. - -Hamborough, and the East Countries, for Sturgion and Caviare, gets -many thousands of pounds from England, and the Straites: Portugale, -the Biskaines, and the Spaniards, make 40 or 50 Saile yearely to -Cape-blank, to hooke for Porgos, Mullet, and make Puttardo: and New -found Land, doth yearely fraught neere 800 sayle of Ships with a -sillie leane skinny Poore-Iohn, and Cor-fish, which at least yearely -amounts to 3 or 400000 pound. If from all those parts such paines -is taken for this poore gaines of fish, and by them hath neither -meate, drinke, nor clothes, wood, iron, nor steele, pitch, tarre, -nets, leades, salt, hookes, nor lines, for shipping, fishing, nor -provision, but at the second, third, fourth, or fift hand, drawne -from so many severall parts of the world ere they come together to -be used in this voyage: If these I say can gaine, and the Saylers -live going for shares, lesse then the third part of their labours, -and yet spend as much time in going and comming as in staying there, -so short is the season of fishing; why should wee more doubt, then -Holland, Portugale, Spaniard, French, or other, but to doe much -better then they, where there is victuall to feede us, wood of all -sorts, to build Boats, Ships, or Barks; the fish at our doores, -pitch, tarre, masts, yards, and most of other necessaries onely for -making? And here are no hard Landlords to racke us with high rents, -or extorted fines to consume us, no tedious pleas in law to consume -us with their many years disputations for Iustice: no multitudes to -occasion such impediments to good orders, as in popular States. So -freely hath God and his Maiesty bestowed those blessings on them -that will attempt to obtaine them, as here every man may be master -and owner of his owne labour and land; or the greatest part in a -small time. If hee have nothing but his hands, he may set up this -trade: and by industrie quickly grow rich; spending but halfe that -time wel, which in England we abuse in idlenes, worse or as ill. -Here is ground also as good as any lyeth in the height of forty one, -forty two, forty three, &c. which is as temperate and as fruitfule -as any other paralell in the world. As for example, on this side the -line West of it in the South Sea, is Nova Albion, discovered as is -said, by Sir Francis Drake. East from it, is the most temperate part -of Portugale, the ancient kingdomes of Galazia, Biskey, Navarre, -Arragon, Catalonia, Castilia the olde and the most moderatest of -Castilia the new, and Valentia, which is the greatest part of Spain: -which if the Spanish Histories bee true, in the Romanes time abounded -no lesse with golde and silver Mines, then now the West Indies; The -Romanes then using the Spaniards to work in those Mines, as now the -Spaniard doth the Indians. - -In France, the Provinces of Gasconie, Langadock, Avignon, Province, -Dolphine, Pyamont, and Turyne, are in the same paralel: which are the -best and richest parts of France. In Italy, the provinces of Genua, -Lumbardy, and Verona, with a great part of the most famous State of -Venice, the Dukedoms of Bononia, Mantua, Ferrara, Ravenna, Bolognia, -Florence, Pisa, Sienna, Urbine, Ancona, and the ancient Citie and -Countrey of Rome, with a great part of the great Kingdome of Naples. -In Slavonia, Istrya, and Dalmatia, with the Kingdomes of Albania. -In Grecia, that famous Kingdome of Macedonia, Bulgaria, Thessalia, -Thracia, or Romania, where is seated the most pleasant and plentifull -Citie in Europe, Constantinople. In Asia also, in the same latitude, -are the temperatest parts of Natolia, Armenia, Persia, and China, -besides divers other large Countries and Kingdomes in these most -milde and temperate Regions of Asia. Southward, in the same height, -is the richest of golde Mynes, Chily and Baldivia, and the mouth of -the great River of Plate, &c: for all the rest of the world in that -height is yet unknowne. Besides these reasons, mine owne eyes that -have seene a great part of those Cities and their Kingdomes, as well -as it, can finde no advantage they have in nature, but this. They -are beautified by the long labor and diligence of industrious people -and Art. This is onely as God made it, when he created the worlde. -Therefore I conclude, if the heart and intralls of those Regions -were sought: if their Land were cultured, planted and manured by men -of industrie, iudgement, and experience; what hope is there, or -what neede they doubt, having those advantages of the Sea, but it -might equalize any of those famous Kingdomes, in all commodities, -pleasures, and conditions? seeing even the very edges doe naturally -afford us such plenty, as no ship need returne away empty; and onely -use but the season of the Sea, fish will returne an honest gaine, -beside all other advantages; her treasures having yet never beene -opened, nor her originalls wasted, consumed, nor abused. - -And whereas it is said, the Hollanders serve the Easterlings -themselves, and other parts that want with Herring, Ling, and wet -Cod; the Easterlings, a great part of Europe, with Sturgion and -Caviare; Cape-blanke, Spain, Portugale, and the Levant, with Mullet, -and Puttargo; New found Land, all Europe, with a thin Poore Iohn; -yet all is so overlade with fishers, as the fishing decayeth, and -many are constrained to returne with a small fraught. Norway, and -Polonia, Pitch, Tar, Masts, and Yardes; Sweathland, and Russia, Iron, -and Ropes; France, and Spaine, Canvas, Wine, Steele, Iron, and Oyle; -Italy and Greece, Silks, and Fruites. I dare boldly say, because I -have seen naturally growing, or breeding in those parts the same -materialls that all those are made of, they may as well be had here, -or the most part of them, within the distance of 70 leagues for some -few ages, as from all those parts; using but the same meanes to have -them that they doe, and with all those advantages. - -First, the ground is so fertill, that questionless it is capable of -producing any Grain, Fruits, or Seeds you will sow or plant, growing -in the Regions afore named: But it may be, not every kinde to that -perfection of delicacy; or some tender plants may miscarie, because -the Summer is not so hot, and the winter is more colde in those parts -wee have yet tryed neere the Sea side, then we finde in the same -height in Europe or Asia; ♦_Monhegan_♦ Yet I made a Garden upon the -top of a Rockie Ile in 43½, 4 leagues from the Main, in May, that -grew so well, as it served us for sallets in Iune and Iuly. All sorts -of cattell may here be bred and fed in the Iles, or Peninsulaes, -securely for nothing. In the Interim till they encrease if need be -(observing the seasons) I durst undertake to have corne enough from -the Salvages for 300 men, for a few trifles; and if they should bee -untoward (as it is most certaine they are) thirty or forty good men -will be sufficient to bring them all in subiection, and make this -provision; if they understand what they doe: 200 whereof may nine -monethes in the yeare be imployed in making marchandable fish, till -the rest provide other necessaries, fit to furnish us with other -commodities. - -In March, April, May, and halfe Iune, here is Cod in abundance; in -May, Iune, Iuly, and August Mullet and Sturgion; whose roes doe make -Caviare and Puttargo. Herring, if any desire them, I have taken many -out of the bellies of Cod, some in nets; but the Salvages compare -their store in the Sea, to the haires of their heads: and surely -there are an incredible abundance upon this Coast. In the end of -August, September, October, and November, you have Cod againe to make -Cor-fish, or Poore Iohn: and each hundred is as good as two or three -hundred in the New-found Land. So that halfe the labour in hooking, -splitting, and turning, is saved: and you may have your fish at what -Market you will, before they can have any in New-found Land: where -their fishing is chiefly but in Iune and Iuly: whereas it is heere -in March, April, May, September, October, and November, as is said. -So that by reason of this plantation, the Marchants may have fraught -both out and home: which yeelds an advantage worth consideration. - -Your Cor-fish you may in like manner transport as you see cause, -to serve the Ports in Portugale (as Lisbon, Avera, Porta port, and -divers others, or what market you please) before your Ilanders -returne: They being tyed to the season in the open sea; you having a -double season, and fishing before your doors, may every night sleep -quietly a shore with good cheare and what fires you will, or when you -please with your wives and familie: they onely, their ships in the -maine Ocean. - -The Mullets heere are in that abundance, you may take them with nets, -sometimes by hundreds, where at Cape blank they hooke them; yet those -but one foot and a halfe in length; these two, three, or foure, as -oft I have measured: much Salmon some have found up the Rivers, as -they have passed: and heer the ayre is so temperate, as all these at -any time may well be preserved. - -Now, young boyes and girles Salvages, or any other, be they never -such idlers, may turne, carry, and return fish, without either shame -or any great paine: hee is very idle that is past twelve yeares of -age and cannot doe so much: and she is very olde, that cannot spin a -thred to make engines to catch them. - -For their transportation, the ships that go there to fish may -transport the first: who for their passage will spare the charge of -double manning their ships, which they must doe in the New-found -Land, to get their fraught; but one third part of that companie are -onely but proper to serve a stage, carry a barrow, and turne Poor -Iohn: notwithstanding, they must have meate, drinke, clothes, and -pattage, as well as the rest. Now all I desire, is but this; That -those that voluntarily will send shipping, should make here the -best choice they can, or accept such as are presented them, to serve -them at that rate: and their ships returning leave such with me, -with the value of that they should receive comming home, in such -provisions and necessarie tooles, armes, bedding and apparell, salt, -hookes, nets, lines, and such like as they spare of the remainings; -who till the next returne may keepe their boates and doe them many -other profitable offices: provided I have men of ability to teach -them their functions, and a company fit for Souldiers to be Ready -upon an occasion; because of the abuses which have beene offered the -poore Salvages, and the liberty both French or any that will, hath -to deale with them as they please: whose disorders will be hard to -reforme; and the longer the worse. Now such order with facilitie -might be taken, with every port Towne or Citie, to observe but this -order, With free power to convert the benefits of their fraughts to -what advantage they please, and increase their numbers as they see -occasion; who ever as they are able to subsist of themselves, may -beginne the new Townes in New England in memory of their olde: which -freedome being confined but to the necessity of the generall good, -the event (with Gods helpe) might produce an honest, a noble, and a -profitable emulation. - -Salt upon salt may assuredly be made; if not at the first in ponds, -yet till they bee provided this may be used: then the Ships may -transport Kine, Horse, Goates, course Cloath, and such commodities -as we want; by whose arrivall may be made that provision of fish to -fraught the Ships that they stay not: and then if the sailers goe -for wages, it matters not. It is hard if this returne defray not the -charge: but care must be had, they arrive in the Spring, or else -provision be made for them against the Winter. - -Of certaine red berries called Alkermes which is worth ten shillings -a pound, but of these hath been sould for thirty or forty shillings -the pound, may yearely be gathered a good quantitie. - -Of the Musk Rat may bee well raised gaines, well worth their labour, -that will endevor to make tryall of their goodnesse. - -Of Bevers, Otters, Martins, Blacke Foxes, and Furres of price, -may yearely be had 6 or 7000: and if the trade of the French were -prevented, many more: 25000 this yeare were brought from those -Northren parts into France; of which trade we may have as good part -as the French, if we take good courses. - -Of Mynes of Golde and Silver, Copper, and probabilities of Lead, -Christall and Allum, I could say much if relations were good -assurances. It is true indeed, I made many trials according to those -instructions I had, which doe perswade mee I need not despaire, but -there are metalls in the Countrey: but I am no Alchymist, nor will -promise more then I know: which is, Who will undertake the rectifying -of an Iron forge, if those that buy meate, drinke, coals, ore, and -all necessaries at a deer rate gaine; where all these things are to -be had for the taking up, in my opinion cannot lose. - -Of woods, seeing there is such plenty of all sorts, if those that -build ships and boates, buy wood at so great a price, as it is -in England, Spaine, France, Italy, and Holland, and all other -provisions for the nourishing of mans life; live well by their trade: -when labour is all required to take those necessaries without any -other tax; what hazard will be here, but doe much better? And what -commoditie in Europe doth more decay then wood? For the goodnesse of -the ground, let us take it fertill, or barren, or as it is: seeing -it is certaine it beares fruites, to nourish and feed man and beast, -as well as England, and the Sea those severall sorts of fish I have -related. Thus seeing all good provisions for mans sustenance, may -with this facility be had, by a little extraordinarie labour, till -that transported be increased; and all necessaries for shipping, -onely for labour: to which may bee added the assistance of the -Salvages, which may easily be had, if they be discreetly handled in -their kindes, towards fishing, planting and destroying woods. What -gaines might be raised if this were followed (when there is but once -men to fill your store houses, dwelling there, you may serve all -Europe better and farre cheaper, then can the Izeland fishers, or the -Hollanders, Cape blank, or New found Land: who must be at as much -more charge than you) may easily be coniectured by this example. - -2000. pound will fit out a ship of 200. and 1 of a 100 tuns: If the -dry fish they both make, fraught that of 200. and goe for Spaine, -sell it but at ten shillings a quintall; but commonly it giveth -fifteen, or twentie: especially when it commeth first, which amounts -to 3 or 4000 pound: but say but tenne, which is the lowest, allowing -the rest for waste, it amounts at that rate, to 2000 pound, which -is the whole charge of your two ships, and their equipage: Then the -returne of the money, and the fraught of the ship for the vintage, -or any other voyage, is cleere gaine, with your shippe of a 100 tuns -of Train and oyle, besides the bevers, and other commodities; and -that you may have at home within six monethes, if God please but to -send an ordinarie passage. Then saving halfe this charge by the not -staying of your ships, your victual, overplus of men and wages; with -her fraught thither of things necessarie for the planters, the salt -being there made: as also may the nets and lines, within a short -time: if nothing were to bee expected but this, it might in time -equalize your Hollanders gaines, if not exceed them: they returning -but wood, pitch, tarre, and such grosse commodities; you wines, -oyles, fruits, silkes, and such Straits commodities, as you please to -provide by your Factors, against such times as your shippes arrive -with them. This would so increase our shipping and sailers, and so -employ and encourage a great part of our idlers and others that -want imployments fitting their qualities at home, where they shame -to doe that they would doe abroad; that could they but once taste -the sweet fruites of their owne labours, doubtlesse many thousands -would be advised by good discipline, to take more pleasure in honest -Industrie, then in their humours of dissolute idlenesse. - -But, to returne a little more to the particulars of this Countrey, -which I intermingle thus with my proiects and reasons, not being -so sufficiently yet acquainted in those parts, to write fully the -estate of the Sea, the Ayre, the Land, the Fruites, the Rocks, the -People, the Government, Religion, Territories, and Limitations, -Friends, and Foes: but, as I gathered from the niggardly relations -in a broken language to my understanding, during the time I ranged -those countries &c. The most Northren part I was at, was the Bay of -Pennobscot, ♦_Penobscot_♦ which is East and West, North and South, -more then ten leagues: but such were my occasions, I was constrained -to be satisfied of them I found in the Bay, that the River ranne -farre up into the Land, and was well inhabited with many people, but -they were from their habitations, either fishing among the Iles, or -hunting the Lakes and Woods, for Deer and Bevers. The Bay is full -of great Ilands, of one, two, six, eight, or ten miles in length, -which divides it into many faire and excellent good harbours. On -the East of it, are the Tarrantines, their mortall enemies, where -inhabit the French, as they report that live with those people, as -one nation or family. And Northwest of Pennobscot is Mecaddacut, -at the foot of a high mountaine, a kinde of fortresse against the -Tarrantines, adioyning to the high mountaines of Pennobscot, against -whose feet doth beat the Sea: But over all the Land, Iles, or other -impediments, you may well see them sixteene or eighteene leagues from -their situation. Segocket is the next; then Nusconcus, Pemmaquid, -and Sagadahock. Up this river where was the westerne plantation are -Aumuckcawgen, Kinnebeck, and divers others, where there is planted -some corne fields. Along this River 40 or 50 miles, I saw nothing but -great high cliffes of barren Rocks, overgrowne with wood: but where -the Salvages dwelt there the ground is exceeding fat and fertill. -Westward of this River, is the Countrey of Aucocisco, in the bottome -of a large deepe Bay, full of many great Iles, which divides it into -many good harbours. Sowocotuck is the next, in the edge of a large -sandy Bay, which hath many Rocks and Iles, but few good harbours, -but for Barks, I yet know. But all this Coast to Pennobscot, and as -farre I could see Eastward of it is nothing but such high craggy -Cliffy Rocks and stony Iles, that I wondered such great trees could -growe upon so hard foundations. It is a Countrie rather to affright, -then delight one. And how to describe a more plaine spectacle of -desolation or more barren I knowe not. Yet the Sea there is the -strangest fish-pond I ever saw; and those barren Iles so furnished -with good woods, springs, fruits, fish, and fowle, that it makes -mee thinke though the Coast be rockie, and thus affrightable; the -Vallies, Plaines, and interior parts, may well (notwithstanding) -be verie fertile. But there is no kingdom so fertile hath not some -part barren: and New England is great enough, to make many Kingdomes -and Countries, were it all inhabited. As you passe the Coast still -Westward, Accominticus and Passataquack are two convenient harbors -for small barks; and a good Countrie, within their craggie cliffs. -Angoam is the next; This place might content a right curious -iudgement: but there are many sands at the entrance of the harbor: -and the worst is, it is inbayed too farre from the deepe Sea. Heere -are many rising hilles, and on their tops and descents many corne -fields, and delightfull groves. On the East, is an Ile of two or -three leagues in length; the one halfe, plaine morish grasse fit for -pasture, with many faire high groves of mulberrie trees gardens: and -there is also Okes, Pines, and other woods to make this place an -excellent habitation, beeing a good and safe harbor. - -Naimkeck though it be more rockie ground (for Angoam is sandie) -not much inferior; neither for the harbor, nor any thing I could -perceive, but the multitude of people. From hence doth stretch into -the Sea the faire headland Tragabigzanda, fronted with three Iles -called the three Turks heads: to the North of this, doth enter a -great Bay, where wee founde some habitations and corne fields: they -report a great River, and at least thirtie habitations, doo possesse -this Countrie. But because the French had got their trade, I had no -leasure to discover it. The Iles of Mattahunts are on the West side -of this Bay, where are many Iles, and questionlesse good harbors: -and then the Countrie of the Massachusets, which is the Paradise of -all those parts: for, heere are many Iles all planted with corne; -groves, mulberries, salvage gardens, and good harbors: the Coast is -for the most part, high clayie sandie cliffs. The Sea Coast as you -passe, shewes you all along large corne fields, and great troupes -of well proportioned people: but the French having remained heere -neere sixe weekes, left nothing for us to take occasion to examine -the inhabitants relations, viz. if there be neer three thousand -people upon these Iles; and that the River doth pearce many daies -iourneis the intralles of that Countrey. We found the people in those -parts verie kinde; but in their furie no lesse valiant. For, upon -a quarrell wee had with one of them, hee onely with three others -crossed the harbor of Quonahassit to certaine rocks whereby wee must -passe; and there let flie their arrowes for our shot, till we were -out of danger. - -Then come you to Accomack, an excellent good harbor, good land; -and no want of any thing, but industrious people. After much -kindnesse, upon a small occasion, wee fought also with fortie or -fiftie of those: though some were hurt, and some slaine; yet within -an houre after they became friendes. Cape Cod is the next presents -it selfe: which is onely a headland of high hils of sand, ♦_Cape -Cod_♦ overgrowne with shrubbie pines, hurts, and such trash; but an -excellent harbor for all weathers. This Cape is made by the maine Sea -on the one side, and a great Bay on the other in forme of a sickle: -on it doth inhabit the people of Pawmet: and in the bottome of the -Bay, the people of Chawum. Towards the South and South west of this -Cape, is found a long and dangerous shoale of sands and rocks. But so -farre as I incircled it, I found thirtie fadom water aboard the shore -and a strong current: which makes mee think there is a Channell about -this shoale; where is the best and greatest fish to be had, Winter -and Summer, in all that Countrie. But, the Salvages say there is no -Channell, but that the shoales beginne from the maine at Pawmet, to -the Ile of Nausit; and so extends beyond their knowledge into the -Sea. The next to this is Capawack, and those abounding Countries of -copper, corne, people, and mineralls; which I went to discover this -last yeare: but because I miscarried by the way, I will leave them, -till God please I have better acquaintance with them. - -The Massachusets, they report, sometimes have warres with the -Bashabes of Pennobscot; and are not alwaies friends with them of -Chawum and their alliants: but now they are all friends, and have -each trade with other, so farre as they have societie, on each others -frontiers. For they make no such voiages as from Pennobscot to Cape -Cod; seldom to Massachewset. In the North (as I have said) they -begunne to plant corne, whereof the South part hath such plentie, as -they have what they will from them of the North; and in the Winter -much more plenty of fish and foule: but both Winter and Summer hath -it in the one part or other all the yeare; being the meane and most -indifferent temper, betwixt heat and colde, of all the regions -betwixt the Lyne and the Pole: but the furs Northward are much -better, and in much more plentie, then Southward. - -The remarkablest Iles and mountains for Landmarkes are these; The -highest Ile or Sorico, in the Bay of Pennobscot: but the three Iles -and a rock of Matinnack are much furder in the Sea; Metinicus is also -three plaine Iles and a rock, betwixt it and Monahigan: Monahigan is -a rounde high Ile; and close by it Monanis, betwixt which is a small -harbor where we ride. In Damerils Iles is such another: Sagadahock -is knowne by Satquin, and foure or five Iles in the mouth. Smyths -Iles are a heape together, none neere them, against Accominticus. The -three Turks heads are three Iles seen far to Sea-ward in regard of -the head-land. - -The cheefe headlands are onely Cape Tragabigzanda and Cape Cod. - -The cheefe mountaines, them of Pennobscot: the twinkling mountaine of -Aucocisco; the greate mountaine of Sasanou; and the high mountaine -of Massachusit: each of which you shall finde in the Mappe; their -places, formes, and altitude. The waters are most pure, proceeding -from the intrals of rockie mountaines; the hearbes and fruits are of -many sorts and kindes: as alkermes, currans, or a fruit like currans, -mulberries, vines, respices, goosberries, plummes, walnuts, chesnuts, -small nuts, &c. pumpions, gourds, strawberries, beans, pease, and -mayze: a kinde or two of flax, wherewith they make nets, lines and -ropes both small and great, verie strong for their quantities. - -Oke, is the chiefe wood; of which there is great difference in regard -of the soyle where it groweth, firre, pyne, walnut, chestnut, birch, -ash, elme, cypresse, ceder, mulberrie, plum-tree, hazell, saxefrage, -and many other sorts. - -Eagles, Gripes, diverse sorts of Haukes, Cranes, Geese, Brants, -Cormorants, Ducks, Sheldrakes, Teale, Meawes, Guls, Turkies, -Dive-doppers, and many other sorts, whose names I knowe not. - -Whales, Grampus, Porkpisces, Turbot, Sturgion, Cod, Hake, Haddock, -Cole, Cusk, or small Ling, Shark, Mackerrell, Herring, Mullet, Base, -Pinacks, Cunners, Pearch, Eels, Crabs, Lobsters, Muskles, Wilkes, -Oysters, and diverse others &c. - -Moos, a beast bigger than a Stagge; Deere, red, and Fallow; Bevers, -Wolves, Foxes, both blacke and other; Aroughconds, Wild-cats, Beares, -Otters, Martins, Fitches, Musquassus, and diverse sorts of vermine, -whose names I know not. All these and divers other good things do -heere, for want of use, still increase, and decrease with little -diminution, whereby they growe to that abundance. You shall scarce -finde any Baye, shallow shore or Cove of sand, where you may not -take many Clampes, or Lobsters, or both at your pleasure, and in -many places lode your boat if you please; Nor Iles where you finde -not fruits, birds, crabs, and muskles, or all of them, for taking, -at a lowe water. And in the harbors we frequented, a little boye -might take of Cunners, and Pinacks, and such delicate fish, at the -ships sterne, more than sixe or tenne can eate in a daie; but with a -casting net, thousands when wee pleased: and scarce any place, but -Cod, Cuske, Holybut, Mackerell, Scate, or such like, a man may take -with a hooke or line what he will. And, in diverse sandy Baies, a man -may draw with a net great store of Mullets, Bases, and diverse other -sorts of such excellent fish, as many as his Net can drawe on shore: -no River where there is not plentie of Sturgion, or Salmon, or both; -all which are to be had in abundance observing but their seasons. -But if a man will goe at Christmasse to gather Cherries in Kent, he -may be deceived; though there be plentie in Summer: so, heere these -plenties have each their seasons, as I have expressed. We for the -most part had little but bread and vinegar: and though the most part -of Iuly when the fishing decaied they wrought all day, laie abroade -in the Iles all night, and lived on what they found, yet were not -sicke: But I would wish none put himself long to such plunges; except -necessitie constraine it: yet worthy is that person to starve that -heere cannot live; if he have sense, strength and health: for there -is no such penury of these blessings in any place, but that a hundred -men may, in one houre or two, make their provisions for a day: and -hee that hath experience to manage well these affaires, with fortie -or thirtie honest industrious men, might well undertake (if they -dwell in these parts) to subiect the Salvages, and feed daily two or -three hundred men, with as good corne, fish and flesh, as the earth -hath of those kindes, and yet make that labor but their pleasure: -provided that they have engins, that be proper for their purposes. - -Who can desire more content, that hath small meanes; or but only -his merit to advance his fortune, then to tread, and plant that -ground hee hath purchased by the hazard of his life? If he have but -the taste of virtue, and magnanimitie, what to such a minde can -bee more pleasant, then planting and building a foundation for his -Posteritie, gotte from the rude earth, by Gods blessing and his owne -industrie, without prejudice to any? If hee have any graine of faith -or zeale in Religion, what can hee doe lesse hurtfull to any; or more -agreeable to God, then to seeke to convert those poore Salvages to -know Christ, and humanitie, whose labors with discretion will triple -requite thy charge and paines? What so truely sutes with honour -and honestie, as the discovering things unknowne? erecting Townes, -peopling Countries, informing the ignorant, reforming things unjust, -teaching virtue; and gaine to our Native mother-countrie a kingdom -to attend her; finde imployment for those that are idle, because -they know not what to doe: so farre from wronging any, as to cause -Posteritie to remember thee; and remembering thee, ever honour that -remembrance with praise? - - - - - Thomas Dermer - - 1619 - - MAINE AND CAPE COD - - THOMAS DERMER _made his first voyage to New England in 1615. - The following year he sailed to Newfoundland, where he may have - remained until late in 1618. In 1619 he visited New England again, - going from there to Virginia. He wrote an account of this voyage - for Samuel Purchas, who printed it in the fourth volume of “Purchas - his Pilgrimes,” published at London in 1625._ - - _Dermer’s account of another voyage northward from Virginia, in - the course of which he found divers ships from Amsterdam and Horne - trading with the natives on the Delaware and Hudson rivers, was - presented to the Virginia Company in London, on July 10, 1621._ - - -[Illustration: (Decorative banner)] - - _To his Worshipfull Friend_ M. SAMVEL PVRCHAS, _Preacher of the - Word, at the Church a little within_ Ludgate, London. - - _Sir_, - -IT was the nineteenth of May, ♦_1619 May_♦ before I was fitted for -my discouery, when from _Monahiggan_ I set sayle in an open Pinnace -of fiue tun, for the Iland I told you of. ♦_Monhegan_♦ I passed -alongst the Coast where I found some antient Plantations, not long -since populous now vtterly void; in other places a remnant remaines, -but not free of sicknesse. Their disease the Plague, for wee might -perceiue the sores of some that had escaped, who described the spots -of such as vsually die. When I arriued at my Sauages natiue Country -(finding all dead) I trauelled alongst a daies iourney Westward, to a -place called _Nummastaquyt_, where finding Inhabitants, I dispatched -a Messenger a dayes iourney further West, to _Poconaokit_ which -bordereth on the Sea; whence came to see me two Kings, attended with -a guard of fiftie armed men, who being well satisfied with that -my Sauage and I discoursed vnto them (being desirous of noueltie) -gaue mee content in whasoeuer I demanded, where I found that former -relations were true. Here I redeemed a _Frenchman_, and afterwards -another at _Mastachusit_, who three yeeres since escaped shipwracke -at the North-east of Cape _Cod_. I must (amongst many things worthy -obseruation) for want of leisure, therefore hence I passe (not -mentioning any place where we touched in the way) to the Iland, -which wee discouered the twelfth of Iune. ♦_June_♦ Here we had good -quarter with the Sauages, who likewise confirmed former reports. I -found seuen seuerall places digged, sent home of the earth, with -samples of other commodities elsewhere found, sounded the Coast, and -the time being farre spent bare vp for _Monahiggan_, arriuing the -three and [twen]tieth of Iune, where wee found our Ship ready to -depart. To this Ile are two other neere adioyning, all which I called -by the name of King _Iames_ his Iles, because from thence I had the -first motiues to search. For that (now probable passage) which may -hereafter be both honourable and profitable to his Maiestie. When I -had dispatched with the ships ready to depart, I thus concluded for -the accomplishing my businesse. In regard of the fewnesse of my men, -not being able to leaue behind mee a competent number for defence, -and yet sufficiently furnish my selfe, I put most of my prouisions -aboord the _Sampson_ of Cape _Ward_ ready bound for _Virginia_, from -whence hee came, taking no more into the Pinnace then I thought might -serue our turnes, determining with Gods helpe to search the Coast -along, and at _Virginia_ to supply our selues for a second discouery, -if the first failed. But as the best actions are commonly hardest in -effecting and are seldome without their crosses, so in this we had -our share, and met with many difficulties: for wee had not sayled -aboue forty leagues, but wee were taken with a Southerly storme, -which draue vs to this strait; eyther we must weather a rockie point -of Land, or run into a broad Bay no lesse dangerous; _Incidit in -Syllam, &c._ the Rockes wee could not weather, though wee loosed -till we receiued much water, but at last were forced to beare vp for -the Bay, and run on ground a furlong off the shoare, where we had -beene beaten to pieces, had wee not instantly throwne ouerboord our -prouisions to haue our liues; by which meanes we escaped and brought -off our Pinnace the next high water without hurt, hauing our Planke -broken, and a small leake or two which we easily mended. Being left -in this misery, hauing lost much bread, all our Beefe and Sider, some -Meale and Apparell, with other prouisions and necessaries; having now -little left besides hope to encourage vs to persist: Yet after a -little deliberation we resolued to proceed and departed with the next -faire winde. We had not now that faire quarter amongst the Sauages -as before, which I take it was by reason of our Sauages absence, who -desired (in regard of our long iourney) to stay with some of our -Sauage friends at _Sawahquatooke_, for now almost euery where, where -they were of any strength they sought to betray vs. At _Manamock_ -♦_Monomoy_♦ (the Southerne part of Cape _Cod_, now called _Sutcliffe -Inlets_) I was vnawares taken prisoner, when they sought to kill my -men, which I left to man the Pinnace; but missing of their purpose, -they demanded a ransome, which had, I was as farre from libertie as -before; yet it pleased God at last, after a strange manner to deliuer -me, with three of them into my hands, and a little after the chiefe -_Sacheum_ himselfe; who seeing me weigh anchor, would haue leaped -ouerboord, but intercepted, craued pardon, and sent for the Hatchets -giuen for ransome, excusing himselfe by laying the fault on his -neighbours; and to be friends sent for a _Canoas_ lading of Corne, -which receiued we set him free. I am loth to omit the story, wherein -you would finde cause to admire the great mercy of God euen in our -greatest misery, in giuing vs both freedome and reliefe at one time. -Departing hence, the next place we arriued at was _Capaock_, an Iland -formerly discouered by the _English_, where I met with _Epinew_ a -Sauage that had liued in _England_, and speakes indifferent good -_English_, who foure yeeres since being carried home, was reported -to haue beene slaine, with diuers of his Countreymen, by Saylors, -which was false. With him I had much conference, who gaue mee very -good satisfaction in euery thing almost I could demand. Time not -permitting mee to search here, which I should haue done for sundry -things of speciall moment: the wind faire, I stood away shaping my -course as the Coast led mee, till I came to the most Westerly part -where the Coast began to fall away Southerly. In my way I discouered -Land about thirtie leagues in length, ♦_Martha’s Vineyard_♦ -heretofore taken for Mayne, where I feared I had beene imbayed, but -by the helpe of an _Indian_ I got to the Sea againe, through many -crooked and streight passages. I let passe many accidents in this -iourney occasioned by treacherie, where wee were compelled twice to -goe together by the eares, once the Sauages had great advantage of -vs in a streight, not aboue a Bowe shot, and where a multitude of -_Indians_ let flye at vs from the banke, but it pleased God to make -vs victours: neere vnto this wee found a most dangerous Catwract -amongst small rockie Ilands, occasioned by two vnequall tydes, the -one ebbing and flowing two houres before the other: here wee lost an -Anchor by the strength of the current, but found it deepe enough: -from hence were wee carried in a short space by the tydes swiftnesse -into a great Bay (to vs so appearing) but indeede is broken land, -which gaue vs light of the Sea: here, as I said, the Land treadeth -Southerly. In this place I talked with many Saluages, who told me -of two sundry passages to the great Sea on the West, ♦_Long Island -Sound_♦ offered me Pilots, and one of them drew mee a Plot with -Chalke vpon a Chest, whereby I found it a great Iland, parted the -two Seas; they report the one scarce passable for shoalds, perillous -currents, the other no question to be made of. Hauing receiued -these directions, I hastened to the place of greatest hope, where I -purposed to make triall of Gods goodnesse towards vs, and vse my best -endeuour to bring the truth to light, but wee were but onely shewed -the entrance, where in seeking to passe wee were forced backe with -contrary and ouerblowing windes, hardly escaping both our liues. -Being thus ouercharged with weather, I stood alongst the coast to -seeke harbours, to attend a fauourable gale to recouer the streight, -but being a harbourlesse Coast for ought we could then perceiue, wee -found no succour till wee arriued betwixt Cape _Charles_ and the -Maine on the East side the Bay _Chestapeake_, ♦_Chesapeake Bay_♦ -where in a wilde Roade wee anchored; and the next day (the eight of -September) crossed the Bay to _Kecoughtan_, where the first newes -strooke cold to our hearts, the general sicknesse ouer the Land. -Here I resolued with all possible speede to returne in pursuite of -this businesse, so that after a little refreshing, wee recouered -vp the Riuer to _Iames_ Citie, and from thence to Cape _Warde_ his -_Plantacon_, where immediately wee fell to hewing of Boords for a -close Decke, hauing found it a most desired course to attempt as -before. As wee were thus labouring to effect our purposes, it pleased -almighty God (who onely disposeth of the times and seasons, wherein -all workes shall be accomplished) to visite vs with his heauie hand, -so that at one time there were but two of vs able to helpe the rest, -my selfe so sore shaken with a burning feauer, that I was brought -euen vnto deaths doore, but at length by Gods assistance escaped, -and haue now with the rest almost recouered my former strength. -The Winter hauing ouertaken vs (a time on these Coasts especially) -subiect to gusts and fearefull storms, I haue now resolued to choose -a more temperate season, both for the generall good and our owne -safeties. And thus I haue sent you a broken discourse, though indeede -very vnwilling to haue giuen any notice at all, till it had pleased -God to haue blessed mee with a thorow search, that our eyes might -haue witnessed the truth. I haue drawne a Plot of the Coast, which -I dare not yet part with for feare of danger, let this therefore -serue for confirmation of your hopes, till I can better performe -my promise and your desire; for what I haue spoken I can produce at -least _mille testes_; farre separate, of the Sea behinde them, and of -Ships, which come many dayes iourney from the West, and of the great -extent of this Sea to the North and South, not knowing any bounds -thereof Westward. I cease to trouble you till a better opportunity -offer it selfe, remembring my best loue, &c. I rest - - _Yours to command_, - _THO. DERMER_. - - _From Captaine MARTYN his Plantation. - 27 Decemb. 1619._ - - - - - Christopher Levett - - 1624 - - YORK AND PORTLAND - - CHRISTOPHER LEVETT, _who was born in York, England, in 1586, landed - on the Isles of Shoals in the autumn of 1623. Finding that this was - no place for a permanent settlement, he crossed to the mouth of - the Piscataqua River, where Robert Gorges, who had recently been - appointed governor of the territory granted to the Council for New - England, was making his colonial headquarters. Levett had been - given the right to settle and hold six thousand acres wherever he - might choose to locate within this territory. He selected an island - at the mouth of Portland harbour. There he left ten men to maintain - his possession while he went back to England for recruits and - supplies. To assist in securing these, he wrote an account of the - country and of his adventures therein, which he doubtless intended - to print as soon as he returned home. A variety of causes hindered - the carrying out of his plans, and the book was not published - until 1628. The chapters now reprinted are those which contain - the account of his experiences in New England. These chapters, as - well as the extracts from Purchas and other works not otherwise - credited, are taken from the copies of the original editions in the - John Carter Brown Library at Providence, Rhode Island._ - - -[Illustration: (Decorative banner)] - - MY DISCOUERY of diverse Riuers and Harbours, with their names, and - which are fit for Plantations, and which not. - -THE first place I set my foote vpon in _New England_, ♦_1623_♦ was -the Isles of _Shoulds_, being Ilands in the Sea, about two Leagues -from the Mayne. - -Vpon these Ilands, I neither could see one good timber tree, nor so -much good ground as to make a garden. - -The place is found to be a good fishing place for 6 Shippes, but more -cannot well be there for want of convenient stage-roome, as this -yeare’s experience hath proved. - -The Harbor is but indifferent good. Vpon these Ilands are no Savages -at all. - -The next place I came vnto was _Pannaway_, ♦_Piscataqua River_♦ where -one _M. Tomson_ hath made a Plantation, there I stayed about one -Moneth in which time I sent for my men from the East: who came over -in diverse Shipps. - -At this place I met with the Governour, who came thither in a Barke -which he had from one _M. Weston_ about 20 dayes before I arived in -the Land. - -The Governour then told me that I was joyned with him in Commission -as a Counsellor, which being read I found it was so. And he then, in -the presence of three more of the Counsell, administered unto me an -oath. - -After the meeting of my men, I went a coasting in two boats with all -my company. - -In the time I stayd with _M. Tomson_, I surveyed as much as possible -I could, the wether being vnseasonable, and very much snow. - -In those parts I saw much good Timber. But the ground it seemed to me -not to be good, being very rockey and full of trees and brush-wood. - -There is great store of fowle of diverse sorts, wherof I fed very -plentifully. - -About two English miles further to the East, I found a great River -and a good harbour called _Pascattaway_. But for the ground I can say -nothing, but by the relation of the _Sagamore_ or King of that place, -who told me there was much good ground up in the river about seven or -eight leagues. - -About two leagues further to the East, is another great river called -_Aquamenticus_. ♦_York River_♦ There I think a good plantation may -be settled, for there is a good harbour for ships, good ground, and -much already cleared, fit for planting of corne and other fruits, -having heretofore ben planted by the Salvages who are all dead. There -is good timber, and likely to be good fishing, but as yet there hath -beene no tryall made that I can heare of. - -About 6 leagues further to the East is a harbour called _Cape -Porpas_, the which is indifferent good for 6 shippes, and it is -generally thought to be an excellent place for fish, but as yet there -hath been no tryall made, but there may be a good plantation seated, -for there is good Timber and good ground, but will require some -labour and charge. - -About foure leagues further East, there is another harbour called -_Sawco_ (betweene this place and _Cape Porpas_ I lost one of my men) -before we could recover the harbour a great fog or mist tooke us -that we could not see a hundred yards from us. I perceiving the fog -to come upon the Sea, called for a Compasse and set the Cape land, -by which wee knew how to steare our course, which was no sooner done -but wee lost sight of land, and my other boate, and the winde blew -fresh against us, so that we were enforced to strike saile and betake -us to our Oares which wee used with all the wit and strength we had, -but by no meanes could we recover the shore that night, being imbayed -and compassed round with breaches, which roared in a most fearfull -manner on every side us; wee took counsell in this extremity one of -another what to doe to save our lives, at length we resolved that to -put to sea againe in the night was no fit course, the storme being -great, and the winde blowing right of the shore, and to runne our -boate on the shore amongst the breaches, (which roared in a most -fearefull manner) and cast her away and indanger ourselves we were -loath to do, seeing no land nor knowing where we were. At length I -caused our Killick (which was all the Anker we had) to be cast forth, -and one continually to hold his hand upon the roode or cable, by -which we knew whether our ancker held or no: which being done wee -commended our selues to God by prayer, & put on a resolution to be as -comfortable as we could, and so fell to our victuals. Thus we spent -that night, and the next morning, with much adoe we got into Sawco, -where I found my other boate. - -There I stayed fiue nights, the winde beinge contrary, and the -weather very unseasonable, hauing much raine and snow, and continuall -foggse. - -We built us our Wigwam, or house, in one houres space, it had no -frame, but was without forme or fashion, onely a few poles set up -together, and couered with our boates sailes which kept forth but a -little winde, and lesse raigne and snow. - -Our greatest comfort we had, next unto that which was spirituall, was -this we had foule enough for killing, wood enough for felling, and -good fresh water enough for drinking. - -But our beds was the wet ground, and our bedding our wet cloaths. Wee -had plenty of Craine, Goose, Duckes and Mallard, with other fowle, -both boyled and rosted, but our spits and racks were many times in -danger of burning before the meate was ready (being but wooden ones.) - -After I had stayed there three daies, and no likelyhood of a good -winde to carrie vs further, I tooke with me six of my men, and our -Armes, and walked along the shore, to discouer as much by land as I -could: after I had travelled about two English miles I met with a -riuer which stayed me that I could goe no further by land that day, -but returned to our place of habitation where we rested that night -(hauing our lodging amended) for the day being dry I caused all my -company to accompany mee to a marsh ground, where wee gathered euery -man his burthen of long dry grasse, which being spread in our Wigwam -or House, I praise God I rested as contentedly as euer I did in all -my life. And then came into my minde an old merry saying, which I -haue heard of a beggar boy, who said if euer he should attaine to -be a King, he would haue a breast of mutton with a pudding in it, -and lodge euery night vp to the eares in drye straw; and thus I made -myselfe and my company as merry as I could, with this and some other -conceits, making this vse of all, that it was much better then wee -deserued at Gods hands, if he should deale with vs according to our -sinnes. - -The next morning I caused 4 of my men to rowe my lesser boate to this -riuer, who with much adoe got in myselfe, and 3 more going by land: -but by reason of the extremitie of the wether we were enforced to -stay there that night, and were constrained to sleepe vpon the riuer -banke, being the best place wee could finde, the snowe being very -deepe. - -The next morning wee were enforced to rise betime, for the tyde came -vp so high that it washed away our fire, and would haue serued vs -so too if we had not kept watch: So wee went over the riuer in our -boate, where I caused some to stay with her, myselfe being desirous -to discouer further by land, I tooke with me foure men and walked -along the shore about sixe English miles further to the East, where I -found another riuer, which staied mee. So we returned backe to Sawco, -where the rest of my company and my other boate lay. That night I was -exceeding sicke, by reason of the wet and cold and much toyling of my -body: but thankes be to God I was indifferent well the next morning, -and the winde being faire we put to sea, and that day came to _Quack_. - -But before I speak of this place I must say something of _Sawco_, -♦_Saco_♦ and the too riuers which I discouered in that bay, which I -thinke neuer Englishman saw before. - -_Sawco_ is about one league to the North-east of a cape land. And -about one English mile from the maine lieth sixe Ilands, which make -an indifferent good harbour. And in the maine there is a Coue or -gutt, which is about a cables length in bredth, and too cables length -long, there two good Ships may ride, being well mored a head and -starne; and within the Coue there is a great Marsh, where at a high -water a hundredth sayle of Ships may floate, and be free from all -winds, but at low water must ly a ground, but being soft oase they -can take no hurte. - -In this place there is a world of fowle, much good timber, and a -great quantetie of cleare ground and good, if it be not a little too -sandy. There hath beene more fish taken within too leagues of this -place this yeare then in any other in the land. - -The riuer next to _Sawco_ eastwards, which I discovered by land, -and after brought my boat into, is the strangest river that ever my -eyes beheld. It flowes at the least ten foot water upright, and yet -the ebbe runs so strong that the tyde doth not stem it. At three -quarters floud my men were scarce able with foure Oares to rowe -ahead. And more then that, at full Sea I dipped my hand in the water, -quite without the mouth of the River, in the very main Ocean, and it -was as fresh as though it had been taken from the head of a Spring. - -This River, as I am told by the _Salvages_, commeth from a great -mountaine called the Christall hill, being as they say 100 miles in -the Country, yet is it to be seene at the sea side, and there is no -ship ariues in _New England_, either to the West so farre as _Cape -Cod_, or to the East so farre as _Monhiggen_, but they see this -Mountaine the first land, if the weather be cleere. - -The next river Eastward which I discovered by land, is about sixe -miles from the other. About these two riuers I saw much good -timber and sandy ground, there is also much fowle, fish and other -commodities: but these places are not fit for plantation for the -present, because there is no good comming in, either for ship, or -boate, by reason of a sandy breach which lyeth alongst the shore, and -makes all one breach. - -And now in its place I come to _Quack_, which I haue named _Yorke_. -At this place there fished divers ships of _Waymouth_ this yeare. - -It lyeth about two leagues to the East of _Cape Elizabeth_. It is -a Bay or Sound ♦_Portland Harbour_♦ betwixt the Maine and certaine -Ilands which lyeth in the sea about one English mile and halfe. - -There are foure Ilands which makes one good harbour, there is very -good fishing, much fowle and the mayne as good ground as any can -desire. There I found one River wherein the Savages say there is much -_Salmon_ and other good fish. In this Bay, there hath ben taken this -yeare 4. _Sturgions_, by fishermen who driue only for _Herrings_, so -that it is likely there may be good store taken if there were men -fit for that purpose. This River I made bold to call by my owne name -_Levetts_ river, ♦_Fore River_♦ being the first that discovered it. -How farre this river is Navigable I cannot tell, I haue ben but 6. -miles up it, but on both sides is goodly ground. - -In the same Bay I found another River, ♦_Presumpscot River_♦ up which -I went about three miles, and found a great fall, of water much -bigger than the fall at _London_ bridge, at low water; further a -boate cannot goe, but above the fall the River runnes smooth againe. - -Iust at this fall of water the _Sagamore_ or King of that place hath -a house, where I was one day when there were two _Sagamors_ more, -their wiues and children, in all about 50. and we were but 7. They -bid me welcome and gaue me such victualls as they had, and I gaue -them Tobacco and Aqua vitæ. - -After I had spent a little time with them I departed & gaue them a -small shot, and they gaue me another. And the great _Sagamore_ of -the East country, whom the rest doe acknowledge to be chiefe amongst -them, hee gaue unto me a Bevers skin, which I thankfully received, -and so in great loue we parted. On both sides this river there is -goodly ground. - -From this harbour to _Sagadahock_, which is about 8. or 9. leagues, -is all broken Ilands in the Sea, which makes many excellent good -Harbours, where a thousand saile of Shipps may ride in safety; the -sound going up within the Ilands to the Cape of _Sagadahock_. - -In the way betwixt _Yorke_ and _Sagadahock_ lyeth _Cascoe_, ♦_Casco -Bay_♦ a good harbour, good fishing, good ground, and much fowle. And -I am perswaded that from _Cape Elizabeth_ to _Sagadahock_, which is -aboue 30 leagues to follow the Maine, is all exceeding commodious for -Plantations: and that there may be 20 good Townes well seated, to -take the benefit both of the sea, and fresh Rivers. - -For _Sagadahock_ I need say nothing of it, there hath been -heeretofore enough said by others, and I feare me too much. But the -place is good, there fished this yeare two ships. - -The next place I came to was _Capemanwagan_, ♦_Boothbay_♦ a place -where nine ships fished this yeare. But I like it not for a -plantation, for I could see little good timber & lesse good ground, -there I stayed foure nights, in which time, there came many Savages -with their wiues and children, and some of good accompt amongst them, -as _Menarwormet_ a Sagamore, _Cogawesco_ the Sagamore of _Casco_ and -_Quack_, now called _Yorke_, _Somerset_, a Sagamore, one that hath -ben found very faithfull to the English, and hath saved the liues of -many of our Nation, some from starving, others from killing. - -They entended to haue ben gone presently, but hearing of my being -there, they desired to see me, which I understood by one of the -Masters of the Ships, who likewise told me that they had some store -of Beauer coats and skinnes, and was going to _Pemaquid_ to truck -with one Mr. _Witheridge_, a Master of a ship of _Bastable_, and -desired me to use meanes that they should not carry them out of the -harbour, I wisht them to bring all their truck to one Mr. _Cokes_ -stage, & I would do the best I could to put it away: some of them -did accordingly, and I then sent for the _Sagamores_, who came, and -after some complements they told me I must be their cozen, and that -Captaine _Gorges_ was so, (which you may imagine I was not a little -proud of, to be adopted cozen to so many great Kings at one instant, -but did willingly accept of it) and so passing away a little time -very pleasantly, they desired to be gone, whereupon I told them -that I understood they had some coates and Beauers skins which I -desired to truck for but they were unwilling, and I seemed carelesse -of it (as men must doe if they desire any thing of them.) But at -last _Somerset_ swore that there should be none carryed out of the -harbour, but his cozen _Levett_ should haue all, and then they began -to offer me some by way of gift, but I would take none but one paire -of sleeues from _Cogawesco_, but told them it was not the fashion of -English Captaines alwaies to be taking, but sometimes to take and -giue, and continually to truck was very good. But in fine, we had all -except one coate and two skinnes, which they reserved to pay an old -debt with, but they staying all that night, had them stole from them. - -In the morning the _Sagamores_ came to mee with a grieuous complaint, -I vsed the best language I could to giue them content, and went with -them to some Stages which they most suspected, and seached both -Cabins and Chests, but found none. They seeing my willingnesse to -finde the theefe out, gaue mee thankes, and wished me to forbeare -saying the Rogues had carried them into the woods where I could not -find them. - -When they were ready to depart they asked mee where I meant to settle -my plantation. I told them I had seene many places to the west, and -intended to goe farther to the east before I could resolue, they -sayed there was no good place, and I had heard, that _Pemoquid_ and -_Capmanwagan_, and _Monhiggon_ were granted to others, & the best -time for fishing was then at hand, which made me the more willing -to retire, and the rather because _Cogawesco_, the _Sagamore_ of -_Casco_ and _Quacke_, told me if that I would sit downe at either of -those two places, I should be very welcome, and that he and his wife -would goe along with me in my boate to see them, which curtesy I had -no reason to refuse, because, I had set vp my resolution before to -settle my plantation at _Quacke_, which I named _Yorke_, and was glad -of this oppertunity, that I had obtained the consent of them who as I -conceiue hath a naturall right of inheritance, as they are the sonnes -of Noah, and therefore doe thinke it fit to carry things very fairely -without compulsion, (if it be posible) for avoyding of treacherie. - -The next day the winde came faire, and I sayled to _Quacke_ or -_Yorke_, with the King, Queene, and Prince, bowe and arrowes, dogge -and kettell in my boate, his noble attendance rowing by vs in their -Cannow. - -When we came to _Yorke_ the Masters of the Shippes came to bid me -welcome, and asked what Sauages those were, I told them, and I -thanked them, they vsed them kindly, & gaue them meate, drinke and -tobacco. The woman or reputed Queene, asked me if those men were -my friends, I told her they were; then she dranke to them, and told -them, they were welcome to her Countrey, and so should all my friends -be at any time, she dranke also to her husband, and bid him welcome -to her Countrey too, for you must vnderstand that her father was the -_Sagamore_ of this place, and left it to her at his death hauing no -more Children. - -And thus after many dangers, much labour and great charge, I haue -obtained a place of habitation in _New-England_, where I haue built a -house, and fortified it in a reasonable good fashion, strong enough -against such enemies as are those Sauage people. - - -[Illustration: (Decorative separator)] - - How the Sauages carried themselues vnto me continually, and of my - going to their Kings Houses: and their comming to mine. - -WHILEST I staied in this place I had some little trucke, but not -much, by reason of an euill member in the Harbour, who being couetous -of trucke vsed the matter so, that he got the Sauages away from me. - -And it is no wonder that he should abuse me in this sort, for -he hath not spared your Lordshipps and all the Counsell for -_New-England_. - -He said vnto the Gouernour that the Lords had sent men ouer into that -Countrey with Commissions, to make a prey of others. And yet for my -owne part I neuer demanded or tooke from any man in that Countrey, -the value of a denier neither had I so much helpe, from any Shippe or -Shippes companie as one mans labour the space of an houre, nor, had -I any prouision or victuall vpon any tearmes whatsoeuer, saue onely -1000. of bread, and 22. bushells of pease, which was offered vnto -mee and not by me requested, for which I gaue present satisfaction -in _Beuer_ skines: and also one Rownlet of _Aqua vitæ_, which was -brought to me 16 Leagues vnexpected, which good manners bid me buy. -Much more provision was offered to me by many Masters of Ships, but I -had no need thereof, so I gaue them thanks for their kindnesse, and -refused all. - -Nay, it is well knowne, that I was so farre from doing wrong to -any: that I suffered the Land which was granted to me by Pattent -and made choyce of before any other man came there, to be used, and -my timber to be cut downe & spoyled, without taking or asking any -satisfaction for the same. And I doubt not but all others to whom you -gaue authoritie, will sufficiently cleare themselues of all such -imputations. - -He said also he cared not for any authoritie in that place and though -he was forbid to trucke yet would he haue all he could get: in -despite of who should say to the contrary, having a great Ship with -17. peeces of Ordinance and 50. men. - -And indeed his practise was according to his words, for every Sunday -or once in the weeke, he went himselfe or sent a boate up the river -and got all the trucke before they could come downe to the Harbour. -And so many Savages as he could get to his stage, hee would enforce -them to leaue their goods behind them. One instance a mongst many I -will giue you. - -On a certaine day there came two Savages to his place, who were under -the command of _Somerset_ or _Conway_, I know not whether, at which -time they were both with me at my house, but the other two who went -to him, knew not so much, but afterwards they understanding of it, -came presently over, but left their Cotts and _Beauer_ skins behind -them, whereat _Somerset_ and _Conway_ were exceeding angrie and -were ready to beate the poore fellows, but I would not suffer them -so to doe. They presently went over the Harbor themselues in their -_Cannow_ to fetch their goods, but this man would let them haue -none, but wished them to truck with him, they told him they would -not, but would carry them to Captaine _Levett_, he said _Levett_ -was no captaine, but a _Iacknape_, a poore fellow, &c. They told him -againe that he was a _Roague_, with some other speeches, whereupon -he and his company fell upon them & beate them both, in so much that -they came to me in a great rage against him, and said they would be -revenged on his Fishermen at sea, and much adoe I had to diswade -one of them for going into _England_ to tell King _James_ of it, as -he said; when they came to me in this rage, there was two or three -Masters of Shippes by, and heard every word. - -But all this did me no hurt, (saue the losse of the trucke, which by -divers was thought to be worth above 50. li.) for the two _Sagamores_ -whom he inticed from me, and incensed against me, at length used -meanes to be freinds with me, sending one who asked me, if I were -angrie with them, I told them no, I was not angrie with them for any -such matter as lowsie Cotts and skinnes, but if they were _Matchett_, -that is, naughtie men, and rebellious, then I would be _Mouchick -Hoggery_, that is very angry, and would _Cram_, that is, kill them -all. - -When they came them selues to me to seeke peace, they brought me a -_Beauer_ Coate, and two _Otter_ skines, which they would have let me -had for nothing, but I would not take them so, but gaue them more -then vsually I did by way of Trucke, I then told them likewise that -if at any time they did Trucke with mee, they should haue many good -things in leiu of their Beauer: and if they did not Trucke it was -no matter, I would be good friends with them, at which they smiled -and talked one to the other, saying the other man was a Iacknape, -and that I had the right fashion of the _Aberieney Sagamores_, then -they began to applaude or rather flatter me, saying I was so bigge a -_Sagamore_, yea foure fathom, which were the best words they could -vse to expresse their minds: I replied that I was a poore man as he -had reported of mee. They said againe it was no matter what I said, -or that Iacknape (which is the most disgracefull word that may be in -their conceite,) for all the _Sagamores_ in the Country loued poore -_Levett_ and was Muchicke sorrie that he would be gon, and indeed I -cannot tell what I should thinke of them, for euer after they would -bring mee any thing they thought would giue mee content, as Egges -and the whole bodyes of _Beauer_, which in my concite eate like -_Lambe_, and is not inferiour to it: yea the very coats of Beauer -& _Otter-skinnes_ from off their backes, which though I many time -refused, yet not allwaies, but I neuer tooke any such courtesie from -them, but I requited them answerably, chusing rather to neglect the -present profit, then the hopes I haue to bring them to better things, -which I hope will be for a publicke good, and which I am perswaded -were a greeuous sinne, to neglect for any sinister end. - -And a little before my departure there came these _Sagamores_ to -see mee, _Sadamoyt_, the great _Sagamore_ of the East Countrey, -_Manawormet_, _Opparunwit_, _Skedraguscett_, _Cogawesco_, -_Somersett_, _Conway_ and others. - -They asked me why I would be gone out of their Countrey, I was glad -to tell them my wife would not come thither except I did fetch her, -they bid a pox on her hounds, (a phrase they have learned and doe -vse when they doe curse) and wished me to beate her. I told them no, -for then our God would bee angrie. Then they runne out vpon her in -euil tearmes, and wished me to let her alone and take another, I told -them our God would be more angrie for that. Againe they bid me beate -her, beate her, repeating it often, and very angerly, but I answered -no, that was not the English fashion, and besides, she was a good -wife and I had children by her, and I loued her well, so I satisfied -them. Then they told me that I and my wife and Children, with all my -friends, should bee hartily welcome into that Countrey at any time, -yea a hundreth thousand times, yea _Mouchicke_, _Mouchicke_, which is -a word of waight. - -And _Somersett_ tould that his Sonne (who was borne, whilst I was in -the Countrey, and whom hee would needs haue to Name) and mine should -be Brothers and that there should be muchicke legamatch, (that is -friendship) betwixt them, untill _Tanto_ carried them to his wigwam, -(that is vntill that they died.) - -Then they must know of mee how long I would be wanting, I told them -so many Months, at which they seemed to be well pleased, but wisht -me to take heede I proued not _Chechaske_ in that (that is, a lier.) -They asked me what I would doe with my house, I told them I would -leaue 10. of my men there vntill I came againe, and that they should -kill all the _Tarrantens_ they should see (being enimies to them) -and with whom the English haue no commarsse. At which they reioyced -exceedingly, and then agreed amongst themselues that when the time -should be expired, which I spoke of for my returne, euery one at the -place where he liued would looke to the Sea, and when they did see a -Ship they wold send to all the _Sagamores_ in the Countrey, and tell -them that poore _Levett_ was come againe. And thus insteed of doing -me hurt, I thinke that either he or I haue done good to all Planters, -by winning their affections, (which may bee made vse of without -trusting of them.) - -But if your Lordship should put up this wrong done unto you, and the -Authority which you gaue them, never expect to be obeyed in those -parts, either by Planters or Fishermen; for some haue not stucke to -say, that if such a man, contemning authority, and abusing one of the -counsell, and drawing his knife upon him at his own house, which he -did, should goe unpunished, then would not they care what they did -heereafter. - -And truely let me tell your Lordships, that if euer you intend to -punish any for disobedience, or contempt of authority, this man is a -fit instrument to make a president of, for he is rich, and this yeare -will gaine the best part of 500 pounds by that Countrie, and he hath -nether wife nor childe, for whose sakes he should be spared. - -And if he goe free, as hee has domineered over vs, to whom your -Lordships gaue authority, but no power to put it in execution, so -will he grow unmannerly too with your Lordships, as hee hath already -begunne. - -And it will discourage men hereafter to take any authority upon -them, or to goe about to reforme any abuses in those parts, and also -it will hinder Planters for going over, if Fishermen be suffered -not onely to take away their truck, but also to animate the Sauages -against them, for this is the way to cause all Planters to haue their -throats cut. - -But I leaue these things to your Lo. consideration, who haue as well -power as authority to punish such rebellious persons. - -Thus hauing acquainted you with what I haue done, seen and heard; -now giue me leaue to tell you what I thinke of the Savages, the -inhabitants of that country: as also to iustifie the innocent, I -meane the Countrie of _New-England_, against the slanderous reports -of this man, and some others which I haue heard, and likewise to -deliver my opinion, what courses I conceiue to be most convenient to -be taken, for bringing most glorie to God, comfort, honor and benefit -to our King, and our owne Natiue Nation. - - -[Illustration: (Decorative separator)] - - The nature and disposition of the Savages, and of their severall - Gods, Squanto and Tanto. - -I HAUE had much conference with the Savages, about our only true God, -and haue done my best to bring them to know and acknowledge him, but -I feare me all the labour that way, will be lost, and no good will be -done, except it be among the younger sort. - -I find they haue two Gods, on they love: and the other they hate: the -god they loue, they call _Squanto_, and to him they ascribe all their -good fortunes. - -The god they hate they call _Tanto_, and to him they ascribe all -their euill fortunes, as thus, when any is killed, hurt or sicke, or -when it is evill wether, then they say _Tanto_ is _hoggry_, that is -angry. When any dyes, they say _Tanto_ carries them to his _wigwam_, -that is his house, and they never see them more. - -I haue asked them where _Squanto_ dwells, they say they cannot tell -but up on high, and will poynt upwards. And for _Tanto_, they say -farre west, but they know not where. - -I haue asked them if at any time they haue seene _Squanto_, or -_Tanto_, they say no, there is none sees them, but their _Pawwawes_, -nor they neither, but when they dreame. - -Their _Pawwawes_ are their Phisitians and Surgions, and as I verely -beleeue they are all Witches, for they foretell of ill wether, and -many strange things, every _Sagamore_ hath one of them belongs to his -company, and they are altogether directed by them. - -On a time I was at a _Sagamores_ house and saw a _Martins_ skin, and -asked if he would trucke it, the _Sagamore_ told me no, the _Pawwawe_ -used to lay that under his head when he dreamed, and if he wanted -that, he could doe nothing, thus we may perceiue how the devill -deludes those poore people and keep them in blindnesse. - -I find them generally to be marvellous quicke of apprehension, and -full of subteltie, they will quickely find any man’s disposition, and -flatter & humour him strangely, if they hope to get anything of him. -And yet will they count him a foole if he doe not shew a dislike of -it, and will say on to another, that such a man is a _Mechecome_. - -They are slow of speech, and if they heare a man speake much they -will laugh at him, and say he is a _Mechecum_, that is a foole. - -If men of place be to familiar with them, they will not respect them: -therefore it is to be wished that all such persons should be wise in -their Carriage. - -The _Sagamores_ will scarce speake to an ordinary man, but will -point to their men, and say _Sanops_, must speake to _Sanops_, and -_Sagamors_ to _Sagamors_. - -They are very bloudy minded and full of Tracherie amongst themselues, -one will kill another for their wiues, and he that hath the most -wiues is the brauest fellow: therefore I would wish no man to trust -them, what euer they say or doe; but alwaies to keepe a strickt hand -ouer them, and yet to vse them kindly, and deale vprightly with them; -so shall they please God, keepe their reputation amongst them, and be -free from danger. - -Their _Sagamors_ are no Kings, as I verilie beleeue, for I can see -no Government or Law amongst them but Club Law: and they call all -Masters of Shippes _Sagamore_, or any other man, that they see have a -commaund of men. - -Their wiues are their slaves, and doe all their worke the men will -doe nothing but kill Beasts, Fish, &c. - -On a time reasoning with one of their _Sagamors_ about their hauing -so many wiues, I tould him it was no good fashion, he then asked mee -how many wiues King _James_ had, I told him he neuer had but one, -and shee was dead, at which he wondred, and asked mee who then did -all the Kings worke. You may Imagin he thought their fashion was -vniuersal and that no King had any to worke for them but their wiufs. - -They haue no apparrell but skinnes, except they haue it from the -_English_, or _French_, in winter they weare the haire side inwards, -in summer outwards. They haue a peece of a skinne about their loines -like a girdle and between their legges goes another, made fast to the -girdles before and behind, which serues to couer their nakednesse, -they are all thus apparrelled, going bare headed with long haire, -sometimes you shall not know the men from women but by their breasts, -the men having no haire on their faces. - -When their Children are borne they bind them on a peece of board, and -sets it vpright, either against a tree or any other place. They keep -them thus bound vntill they be three months old, and after they are -continuall naked vntill they be about fiue or sixe yeares. - -Yee shall haue them many times take their Children & bury them in -the snow all but their faces for a time, to make them the better to -endure cold, and when they are not aboue 2. yeares old, they will -take them and cast them into the Sea, like a little dogge or Cat, to -learne them to swimme. - -Their weapons are bowes and arrowes, I never saw more then two -fowling peeces, one pistall, about foure Halfe-pikes, and three -Curtlaces ♦_Cutlasses_♦ amongst them, so that we neede not to feare -them much, if wee auoid their Treacherie. - -Their houses are built in halfe an houres space being onely a few -powles or boughes stucke in the ground and couered with the barkes of -trees. - -Their Language differs as _English & Welch_. On a time the Gouernour -was at my house, and brought with him a _Salvage_, who liued not -aboue 70. miles from the place which I haue made choise of, who -talking with another Sauage, they were glad to vse broken _English_ -to expresse their mind each to other, not being able to vnderstand -one another in their Language. - -And to say something of the Countrey: I will not doe therein as -some haue done, to my knowledge speak more then is true: I will -not tell you that you may smell the corne fields before you see -the Land, neither must men thinke that corne doth growe naturally -(or on trees,) nor will the _Deare_ come when they are called, or -stand still and looke one a man, untill he shute him, not knowing -a man from a beast, nor the fish leape into the kettle, nor on the -drie Land, neither are they so plentifull, that you may dipp them -up in baskets, nor take _Codd_ in netts to make a voyage, which is -no truer: then that the fowles will present themselues, to you with -spitts through them. - -But certainely there is fowle, _Deare_, and Fish enough for the -taking if men be diligent, there be also Vines, Plume trees, Cherry -trees, Strawberies, Gooseberies, and Raspes, Walnutts, chesnut, -and small nuts, of each great plenty; there is also great store -of parsley, and divers other holesome Earbes, both for profit -and pleasure, with great store of Saxifrage, Cersa-perilla, and -Anni-seeds. - -And for the ground there is large & goodly Marsh to make meddow, -higher land for pasture and corne. - -There be these severall sorts of earth, which I haue seene, as, -_Clay_, _Sand_, _Grauill_, yea and as blacke fatt earth, as ever I -sawe in _England_ in all my life. - -There are likewise these helpes for ground, as Seasand, _Oreworth_ or -_Wracke_, _Marle_ blew and white, and some men say there is _Lime_, -but I must confesse I neuer saw any _Lime-stone_: but I haue tried -the Shels of Fish, and I find them to be good _Lime_. - -Now let any husbandman tell mee, whither there be any feare of hauing -any kind of Corne, hauing these seuerall kinds of Earth with these -helpes, the Climat being full as good if not better than _England_. - -I dare be bold to say also, there may be Shippes as conueniently -built there as in any place of the world, where, I haue beene, and -better cheape. As for Plancke, crooked Timber, and all other sorts -what so euer can be desired for such purpose, the world cannot afford -better. Masts and Yeards of all sises, there be allso Trees growing, -whereof Pitch and Tarre is made. - -And for Sailes and all sorts of Cordish you neede not to want, if -you will but sowe Hempe and Flaxseede, and after worke it. Now there -wants nothing but Iron, and truely I thinke I haue seene Iron-stones -there, but I must acknowledge I haue no great iudgement in Mineralls, -yet I haue seene the Iron-workes in _England_, and this Stone is like -ours. But howsoever if the Countrie will not afford Iron, yet it may -be easilie brought, for it is good Ballast for Shippes. - -There is also much excellent Timber for Ioyners and Coopers: -howsoeuer a worthy Noble man hath beene abused, who sent ouer some -to make Pippe-staues, who either for want of skill or industrie, -did no good. Yet I dare say no place in _England_ can afford better -Timber for Pippe-staues, then foure seuerall places which I haue -seene in that Countrey. - -Thus haue I relaited vnto you what I haue seene, and doe know may -be had in those parts of _New-England_ where I haue beene, yet -was I neuer at the Mesachusett, which is counted the Paradise of -_New-England_, nor at _Cape Ann_. But I feare there hath been -too faire a glosse set on _Cape Ann_. I am told there is a good -Harbour which makes a faire Inuitation, but when they are in, their -entertainement is not answerable, for there is little good ground, -and the Shippes which fished there this yeare, their boats went -twenty miles to take their Fish, and yet they were in great feare of -making their Voyages, as one of the Masters confessed vnto me who was -at my house. - -Neither was I at _New-Plimoth_, but I feare that place is not so -good as many other, for if it were in my conceite they would content -themselues with it and not seeke for any other hauing ten times so -much ground as would serue ten times so many people as they haue now -amongst them. But it seemes they haue no Fish to make benifit of, for -this yeare they had one Shippe Fisht at _Pemoquid_, and an other at -_Cape Ann_, where they haue begun a new Plantation, but how long it -will continew I know not. - -Neither was I ever farther to the West then the Iles of _Shoulds_. - -Thus have I done with my commendations of the Countrie. I will now -speake the worst I know by it. - -About the middle of May you shall haue little Flies, called -_Musketoes_, which are like Gnatts, they continue as I am told, -vntill the last of July. These are very troublesome for the time, for -they sting exceedingly both night and day. But I found by experience -that bootes or thicke stockings would saue the legges, gloues the -hands, and tiffeney or some such things which will not much hinder -the sight will saue the face, and at night any smoake will secure a -man. - -The reason of the aboundance of these creatures, I take to be the -woods which hinders the aire, for I haue obserued allwaies when the -winde did blow but a little, we were not much troubled with them. - -And I verily thinke that if there were a good number of people -planted together, and that the woods were cut downe, the earth were -tilled, and the rubbish which lieth on the ground wherein they breed -were burnt, and that there were many chimneyes smoaking, such small -creatures would doe but little hurt. - -Another euill or inconuenience I see there, the snow in winter did -lie very long vpon the ground. - -But I understand that all the parts of Christendome, were troubled -with a cold winter so well as wee. Yet would I aske any man what -hurt snow doeth? The husbandman will say that Corne is the better -for it. And I hope Cattell may bee as well fed in the house there as -in _England_, _Scotland_, and other Countries, and he is but an ill -husband that cannot find imployments for his seruants within doores -for that time. As for Wiues and Children if they bee wise they will -keepe themselues close by a good fire, and for men they will haue no -occasion to ride to Faires or Markets, _Sysses_ or Sessions, only -Hawkes and Hounds will not then be vsefull. - -Yet let me tell you that it is still almost Christmas before there be -any winter there, so that the cold time doth not continue long. - -And by all reason that Countrey should be hotter then England, being -many Degrees farther from the North Pole. - -And thus according to my poore understanding I haue given you the -best information I can of the people and Country, commodities and -discommodities. Now giue mee leaue to oppose myselfe against the man -beforementioned, and others, who speaks against the Country, and -plantations in those parts, and to set down such obiections as I haue -heard them make, and my answers, and afterward let wisedome iudge: -for my desire is, that the saddle may be set on the right horse, and -the Asse may be rid, and the knaue punished, either for discouraging -or incouraging too much, whosoeuer he be. - - -[Illustration: (ship at sea)] - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SAILORS NARRATIVES OF VOYAGES -ALONG THE NEW ENGLAND COAST, 1524-1624 *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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font-size: 70%; - padding-top: .5em; padding-bottom: .5em;} - -.antiqua {font-family: Blackletter, Fraktur, Textur, "Olde English Mt", "Olde English", Diploma, England, Gothic, serif;} - - -/* Images */ - -img { - border: none; - max-width: 100%; - height: auto; -} - -img.w100 {width: 100%;} - - -.figcenter { - margin: auto; - text-align: center; - page-break-inside: avoid; - max-width: 100%;} - - -/* Transcriber's notes */ -.transnote {background-color: #E6E6FA; - color: black; - font-size:smaller; - padding:0.5em; - margin-bottom:5em; - font-family:sans-serif, serif; } - -.transnote p {text-indent: 0em;} - - -/* custom cover (cover.jpg) */ -.customcover {visibility: hidden; display: none;} -.x-ebookmaker .customcover {visibility: visible; display: block;} - -/* Illustration classes */ -.illowp60 {width: 60%;} -.illowp75 {width: 75%;} -.illowp88 {width: 88%;} -.illowp100 {width: 100%;} - - </style> - </head> - -<body> -<p style='text-align:center; font-size:1.2em; font-weight:bold'>The Project Gutenberg eBook of Sailors Narratives of Voyages Along the New England Coast, 1524-1624, by Various</p> -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online -at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you -are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the -country where you are located before using this eBook. -</div> - -<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: Sailors Narratives of Voyages Along the New England Coast, 1524-1624</p> -<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: Various</p> -<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Editor: George Parker Winship</p> -<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: March 13, 2022 [eBook #67623]</p> -<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</p> - <p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; text-align:left'>Produced by: Steve Mattern, John Campbell and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive)</p> -<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SAILORS NARRATIVES OF VOYAGES ALONG THE NEW ENGLAND COAST, 1524-1624 ***</div> - - -<div class="transnote"> -<p><strong>TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE</strong></p> - -<p>This book was published in 1905; only 440 copies were printed.</p> - -<p>The first chapter, <a href="#Page_1">Verrazano’s voyage</a> in 1524, is a modern translation of the -original Italian. The other chapters are literal reproductions of -their original English publications, and so retain the spelling, the -hyphenation and punctuation seen in those books.</p> - -<p>This etext maintains this careful reproduction of the original English text. -Variant spellings of names and place names have not been changed.</p> - -<p>A double space, in the narrative of the <a href="#Page_153">Popham voyage</a> (pp. 155-175), -is denoted by ·· and indicates, in most cases, the start of a new -sentence.</p> - -<p>Multiple spaces in a paragraph are denoted by ······· and indicate -a blank space in the original text for a missing name or date.</p> - -<p class="customcover">The cover image was created by the transcriber -and is placed in the public domain.</p> - -<p>Three minor changes have been made to the etext:<br /> -<a href="#tn-27">Page 27</a>: ‘Com of _Essex_’ has a ~ (tilde) over the m in the original text.<br /> -<a href="#tn-123">Page 123</a>: ‘assoone as they’ replaced by ‘as soone as they’.<br /> -<a href="#tn-155">Page 155</a> Sidenote: ‘<i>1605 June</i>’ replaced by ‘<i>1607 June</i>’.<br /> -</p> -</div> - - -<div class="chapter"> -<hr class="fulla" /> -<hr class="fulla" /> - -<h1> -SAILORS NARRATIVES<br /> -OF VOYAGES<br /> -along<br /> -<span class="antiqua">The New England Coast</span><br /> -1524-1624<br /> -</h1> -</div> - -<hr class="fulla" /> -<hr class="fulla" /> - -<div class="chapter"></div> - -<div class="figcenter illowp88" id="i001_frontis" style="max-width: 40.625em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i001_frontis.jpg" alt="" /> - <a rel="nofollow" href="images/i001_frontis-large.jpg"> - <span class="screenonly fs60 center">click here for larger image.</span></a> - <div class="caption"><em>John Smith’s Map of New England</em> (1616)</div> - <div class="p2"></div> -</div> - - -<div class="chapter bbox2"> -<div class="bbox"> - -<p class="pfs300 lsp2">SAILORS</p> - -<p class="pfs240 antiqua">Narratives</p> - -<p class="pfs240 lsp2">OF VOYAGES</p> - -<p class="pfs180"><em>along the</em></p> - -<p class="pfs240">New England Coast</p> - -<p class="pfs180 lsp2">1524–1624</p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<p class="pfs120"><em>With notes by</em> GEORGE PARKER WINSHIP<br /> -<em>of the</em> <span class="smcap">John Carter Brown</span> <em>Library</em></p> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i002_title" style="max-width: 18.75em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i002_title.jpg" alt="(ship at sea)" /> -</div> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<p class="pfs120 lsp2"><em>BOSTON</em></p> - -<p class="pfs120">Published by <em>Houghton, Mifflin & Company</em></p> - -<p class="pfs120 lsp3">1905</p> -</div> -</div> - - -<div class="chapter"></div> - -<p class="p4 pfs120">COPYRIGHT 1905 BY HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO.</p> - -<p class="p1 pfs120">ALL RIGHTS RESERVED</p> - - -<p class="p4 pfs120">FOUR HUNDRED AND FORTY COPIES PRINTED</p> - -<p class="p1 pfs120 hidden">NUMBER</p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="num339-sig" style="max-width: 31.25em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/num339-sig.jpg" alt="" /> - <div class="caption">(339; handwritten)<br /> -<br /> -(signature of Bruce Rogers; graphic designer of this book)</div> -</div> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="CONTENTS">CONTENTS</h2> -</div> - -<table class="autotable" width="100%" summary=""> -<tr> -<td class="tdl smcap">Giovanni da Verrazano, 1524</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdly pad6"><em>Narragansett Bay</em></td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_1">1</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl smcap">David Ingram, 1568</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdly pad6"><em>Maine</em></td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_25">25</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl smcap">Bartholomew Gosnold, 1602</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdly pad6"><em>Buzzard’s Bay</em></td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_31">31</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl smcap">Martin Pring, 1603</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdly pad6"><em>Plymouth Harbour</em></td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_51">51</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl smcap">Samuel de Champlain, 1605</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdly pad6"><em>Maine and Massachusetts</em></td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_65">65</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl smcap">George Waymouth, 1605</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdly pad6"><em>St. George’s River</em></td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_99">99</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl smcap">George Popham and Ralegh Gilbert, 1607</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdly pad6"><em>Kenebeck River</em></td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_153">153</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl smcap">Henry Hudson, 1609</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdly pad6"><em>Penobscot and the Fishing Banks</em></td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_177">177</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl smcap">Samuel Argall, 1610</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdly pad6"><em>Penobscot Bay</em></td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_193">193</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl smcap">John Smith, 1614</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdly pad6"><em>Monhegan</em></td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_211">211</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl smcap">Thomas Dermer, 1619</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdly pad6"><em>Maine and Cape Cod</em></td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_249">249</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl smcap">Christopher Levett, 1624</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdly pad6"><em>York and Portland</em></td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_259">259</a></td> -</tr> -</table> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> -<div class="chapter"> -<h2 class="nobreak" id="LIST_OF_ILLUSTRATIONS">LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS</h2> -</div> - -<table class="autotable" summary=""> -<tr> -<td class="tdl smcap">John Smith’s Map of New England</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#i001_frontis"><em>Frontispiece</em></a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlx"><em>From Smith’s Description of New England, London, 1616.</em> (<em>Reduced</em>)</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl smcap">Facsimile Title-page of Brereton’s Briefe and True Relation</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#i032">32</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlx"><em>This book, published in 1602, gives an account of the voyage - of Bartholomew Gosnold, and is the earliest book in English relating to New England</em></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl smcap">Map of Port St. Louis (Plymouth Bay)</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#i052">52</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlx"><em>From Champlain’s Voyages, 1613 Edition</em></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl smcap">Map of the Mouth of the Kennebec</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#i066">66</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlx"><em>From Champlain’s Voyages, 1613 Edition</em></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl smcap">Facsimile Title-page of Rosier’s True Relation</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#i100">100</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlx"><em>This book, published in 1605, gives an account of the voyage - of George Waymouth, and is the second book in English relating to New England</em></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl smcap">Facsimile Title-page of Smith’s Description of New England, 1616</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#i212">212</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlx"><em>It is in this book that the name “New England” first - occurs, being substituted by Captain Smith for “North Virginia”</em></td> -</tr> -</table> - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_1"></a>[1]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<hr class="fulla" /> -<hr class="fulla" /> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="Giovanni_da_Verrazano"> -<span class="antiqua fs135">Giovanni da Verrazano</span><br /> -<span class="lsp2">1524</span><br /> -NARRAGANSETT BAY</h2> -</div> - -<hr class="fulla" /> -<hr class="fulla" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_2"></a>[2]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter blockquot"> - -<p class="noindent"><span class="smcap">Giovanni da Verrazano</span>, <em>a Florentine sailor in the -service of France who had attracted the royal attention -by his successful attacks on Spanish commerce, was commissioned -by Francis I, in the spring of 1523, to cross -the Atlantic in search for a sea route to Cathay. In -April, the agents of Spain in France notified their government -that Verrazano was ready to start. Two months -later, the Spanish authorities learned that he had returned -to La Rochelle, bringing the captured vessels in -which Cortes had shipped the treasure gathered from the -Aztec lords of Mexico. The proposed voyage of discovery -was not, however, merely a blind for this attack on the -Spanish West Indian fleet. Verrazano refitted his ships -and made a second start, only to be driven back by a Biscayan -storm. With his single remaining seaworthy vessel, -he finally got away for the West. In March, 1524, -land was sighted, probably near Cape Fear, on the Carolina -coast. After looking in vain for a harbour toward -the south, he turned northward and followed the shore -line as far as Maine or Nova Scotia.</em></p> - -<p><em>Verrazano arrived in Dieppe before the eighth of -July, the date of his report to the King. An Italian -version of this letter was printed at Venice in 1556 by -Ramusio, from whose “Navigationi” it was translated -into English by Hakluyt, for his “Divers Voyages,” -printed in 1582. A somewhat different contemporary -manuscript copy, also in Italian, is preserved at Florence. -This was printed by the New York Historical Society in -1841, with a translation which has been revised for the -present volume.</em></p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_3"></a>[3]</span><br /></p> - -<div class="chapter"></div> -<div class="bbox"> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i003" style="max-width: 37.5em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i003.jpg" alt="(Decorative banner)" /> -</div> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<p class="negin1 fs180 pad2"> -<span class="smcap wsp">Giovanni da Verrazano</span><br /> -<span class="fs80"><em>to his Most Serene Majesty the</em></span><br /> -KING <em>of</em> FRANCE.</p> -</div> - -<p class="drop-cap">SINCE the tempests which we encountered -on the northern coasts, I have not -written to your most Serene and Christian -Majesty concerning the four ships sent out -by your orders on the ocean to discover new -lands, because I thought you must have been -before apprized of all that had happened to us—that -we had been compelled by the impetuous -violence of the winds to put into Brittany in -distress with only the two ships Normandy and -Dauphine; and that after having repaired these -ships, we made a cruise in them, well armed, -along the coast of Spain, as your Majesty must -have heard, and also of our new plan of continuing -our intended voyage with the Dauphine -alone; being now returned from this voyage, I -proceed to give your Majesty an account of our -discoveries.</p> - -<p>On the 17th of last January we set sail from -a desolate rock near the island of Madeira, <span class="sidenote"><i>January 1524</i></span> belonging -to his most Serene Majesty, the King of -Portugal, with fifty men, having provisions sufficient -for eight months, arms and other warlike<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_4"></a>[4]</span> -munition and naval stores. Sailing westward -with a light and pleasant easterly breeze, in -twenty-five days we ran eight hundred leagues. -On the 14th of February we encountered as -violent a hurricane as any ship ever weathered, -from which we escaped unhurt by the divine -assistance and goodness, to the praise of the glorious -and fortunate name of our good ship, that -had been able to support the violent tossing -of the waves. Pursuing our voyage towards the -West, a little northwardly, in twenty-four days -more, <span class="sidenote"><i>March</i></span>having run four hundred leagues, we -reached a new country, which had never before -been seen by any one, either in ancient or modern -times. At first it appeared to be very low, -<span class="sidenote"><i>Carolina Coast</i></span>but on approaching it to within a quarter of -a league from the shore we perceived, by the -great fires near the coast, that it was inhabited. -We perceived that it stretched to the south, and -coasted along in that direction in search of -some port, in which we might come to anchor, -and examine into the nature of the country, -but for fifty leagues we could find none in -which we could lie securely. Seeing the coast -still stretch to the south, we resolved to change -our course and stand to the northward, and as -we still had the same difficulty, we drew in -with the land and sent a boat on shore. Many -people who were seen coming to the sea-side -fled at our approach, but occasionally stopping,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_5"></a>[5]</span> -they looked back upon us with astonishment, -and some were at length induced, by various -friendly signs, to come to us. These showed -the greatest delight on beholding us, wondering -at our dress, countenances and complexion. -They then showed us by signs where we could -more conveniently secure our boat, and offered -us some of their provisions. That your Majesty -may know all that we learned, while on shore, -of their manners and customs of life, I will relate -what we saw as briefly as possible. They -go entirely naked, except that about the loins -they wear skins of small animals like martens -fastened by a girdle of plaited grass, to which -they tie, all round the body, the tails of other -animals hanging down to the knees; all other -parts of the body and the head are naked. Some -wear garlands similar to birds’ feathers.</p> - -<p>The complexion of these people is black, not -much different from that of the Ethiopians; -their hair is black and thick, and not very long, -it is worn tied back upon the head in the form -of a little tail. In person they are of good proportions, -of middle stature, a little above our -own, broad across the breast, strong in the -arms, and well formed in the legs and other -parts of the body; the only exception to their -good looks is that they have broad faces, but -not all, however, as we saw many that had -sharp ones, with large black eyes and a fixed<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_6"></a>[6]</span> -expression. They are not very strong in body, -but acute in mind, active and swift of foot, as -far as we could judge by observation. In these -last two particulars they resemble the people -of the east, especially those the most remote. -We could not learn a great many particulars of -their usages on account of our short stay among -them, and the distance of our ship from the -shore.</p> - -<p>We found not far from this people another -whose mode of life we judged to be similar. -The whole shore is covered with fine sand, -about fifteen feet thick, rising in the form of -little hills about fifty paces broad. Ascending -farther, we found several arms of the sea which -make in through inlets, washing the shores on -both sides as the coast runs. An outstretched -country appears at a little distance <span class="sidenote"><i>The Carolinas</i></span>rising somewhat -above the sandy shore in beautiful fields -and broad plains, covered with immense forests -of trees, more or less dense, too various in colours, -and too delightful and charming in appearance -to be described. I do not believe that -they are like the Hercynian forest or the rough -wilds of Scythia, and the northern regions full -of vines and common trees, but adorned with -palms, laurels, cypresses, and other varieties unknown -in Europe, that send forth the sweetest -fragrance to a great distance, but which we -could not examine more closely for the reasons<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_7"></a>[7]</span> -before given, and not on account of any difficulty -in traversing the woods, which, on the -contrary, are easily penetrated.</p> - -<p>As the Orient stretches around this country, -I think it cannot be devoid of the same medicinal -and aromatic drugs, and various riches of -gold and the like, as is denoted by the colour -of the ground. It abounds also in animals, as -deer, stags, hares, and many other similar, and -with a great variety of birds for every kind of -pleasant and delightful sport. It is plentifully -supplied with lakes and ponds of running water, -and being in the latitude of 34, the air is salubrious, -pure and temperate, and free from the -extremes of both heat and cold. There are no -violent winds in these regions, the most prevalent -are the north-west and west. In summer, -the season in which we were there, the sky is -clear, with but little rain: if fogs and mists -are at any time driven in by the south wind, -they are immediately dissipated, and at once -it becomes serene and bright again. The sea is -calm, not boisterous, and its waves are gentle. -Although the whole coast is low and without -harbours, it is not dangerous for navigation, -being free from rocks and bold, so that within -four or five fathoms from the shore there is -twenty-four feet of water at all times of tide, -and this depth constantly increases in a uniform -proportion. The holding ground is so<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_8"></a>[8]</span> -good that no ship can part her cable, however -violent the wind, as we proved by experience; -for while riding at anchor on the coast, we -were overtaken by a gale in the beginning of -March, when the winds are high, as is usual in -all countries, we found our anchor broken before -it started from its hold or moved at all.</p> - -<p>We set sail from this place, continuing to -coast along the shore, which we found stretching -out to the west; <span class="sidenote"><i>North Carolina</i></span>the inhabitants being -numerous, we saw everywhere a multitude of -fires. While at anchor on this coast, there -being no harbour to enter, we sent the boat on -shore with twenty-five men to obtain water, -but it was not possible to land without endangering -the boat, on account of the immense -high surf thrown up by the sea, as it was an -open roadstead. Many of the natives came to -the beach, indicating by various friendly signs -that we might trust ourselves on shore. One -of their noble deeds of friendship deserves to -be made known to your Majesty. A young -sailor was attempting to swim ashore through -the surf to carry them some knick-knacks, as -little bells, looking-glasses, and other like trifles; -when he came near three or four of them he -tossed the things to them, and turned about to -get back to the boat, but he was thrown over -by the waves, and so dashed by them that he -lay as it were dead upon the beach. When these<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_9"></a>[9]</span> -people saw him in this situation, they ran and -took him up by the head, legs and arms, and -carried him to a distance from the surf; the -young man, finding himself borne off in this -way, uttered very loud shrieks in fear and dismay, -while they answered as they could in -their language, showing him that he had no -cause for fear. Afterwards they laid him down -at the foot of a little hill, when they took off -his shirt and trowsers, and examined him, -expressing the greatest astonishment at the -whiteness of his skin. Our sailors in the boat -seeing a great fire made up, and their companion -placed very near it, full of fear, as is usual -in all cases of novelty, imagined that the natives -were about to roast him for food. But as soon -as he had recovered his strength after a short -stay with them, showing by signs that he wished -to return aboard, they hugged him with great -affection, and accompanied him to the shore, -then leaving him, that he might feel more secure, -they withdrew to a little hill, from which -they watched him until he was safe in the boat. -This young man remarked that these people -were black like the others, that they had shining -skins, middle stature, and sharper faces, -and very delicate bodies and limbs, and that -they were inferior in strength, but quick in -their minds; this is all that he observed of -them.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_10"></a>[10]</span></p> - -<p>Departing hence, and always following the -shore, which stretched to the north, we came, -in the space of fifty leagues, to another land, -<span class="sidenote"><i>Delaware and New Jersey Coast</i></span> which appeared very beautiful and full of the -largest forests. We approached it, and going -ashore with twenty men, we went back from -the coast about two leagues, and found that the -people had fled and hid themselves in the woods -for fear. By searching around we discovered in -the grass a very old woman and a young girl of -about eighteen or twenty, who had concealed -themselves for the same reason; the old woman -carried two infants on her shoulders, and behind -her neck a little boy eight years of age; -when we came up to them they began to shriek -and make signs to the men who had fled to the -woods. We gave them a part of our provisions, -which they accepted with delight, but the girl -would not touch any; every thing we offered to -her being thrown down in great anger. We -took the little boy from the old woman to carry -with us to France, and would have taken the -girl also, who was very beautiful and very tall, -but it was impossible because of the loud shrieks -she uttered as we attempted to lead her away; -having to pass some woods, and being far from -the ship, we determined to leave her and take -the boy only. We found them fairer than the -others, and wearing a covering made of certain -plants, which hung down from the branches of<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_11"></a>[11]</span> -the trees, tying them together with threads of -wild hemp; their heads are without covering -and of the same shape as the others. Their -food is a kind of pulse which there abounds, -different in colour and size from ours, and of a -very delicious flavour. Besides they take birds -and fish for food, using snares and bows made of -hard wood, with reeds for arrows, in the ends -of which they put the bones of fish and other -animals. The animals in these regions are wilder -than in Europe from being continually molested -by the hunters. We saw many of their boats -made of one tree twenty feet long and four feet -broad, without the aid of stone or iron or other -kind of metal. In the whole country for the -space of two hundred leagues, which we visited, -we saw no stone of any sort. To hollow out -their boats they burn out as much of a log as is -requisite, and also from the prow and stern to -make them float well on the sea. The land, in -situation, fertility and beauty, is like the other, -abounding also in forests filled with various -kinds of trees, but not of such fragrance, as it -is more northern and colder.</p> - -<p>We saw in this country many vines growing -naturally, which entwine about the trees, and -run up upon them as they do in the plains of -Lombardy. These vines would doubtless produce -excellent wine if they were properly cultivated -and attended to, as we have often seen<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_12"></a>[12]</span> -the grapes which they produce very sweet and -pleasant, and not unlike our own. They must -be held in estimation by them, as they carefully -remove the shrubbery from around them, -wherever they grow, to allow the fruit to ripen -better. We found also wild roses, violets, lilies, -and many sorts of plants and fragrant flowers -different from our own. We cannot describe -their habitations, as they are in the interior of -the country, but from various indications we -conclude they must be formed of trees and -shrubs. We saw also many grounds for conjecturing -that they often sleep in the open air, -without any covering but the sky. Of their -other usages we know nothing; we believe, -however, that all the people we were among -live in the same way.</p> - -<p>After having remained here three days, riding -at anchor on the coast, as we could find -no harbour we determined to depart, and coast -along the shore to the north-east, keeping sail -on the vessel only by day, and coming to anchor -by night. After proceeding one hundred -leagues, we found a very pleasant situation -among some steep hills, through which a very -large river, deep at its mouth, forced its way -to the sea; <span class="sidenote"><i>New York Harbour</i></span>from the sea to the estuary of the -river, any ship heavily laden might pass, with -the help of the tide, which rises eight feet. -But as we were riding at anchor in a good<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_13"></a>[13]</span> -berth, we would not venture up in our vessel, -without a knowledge of the mouth; therefore -we took the boat, and entering the river, we -found the country on its banks well peopled, -the inhabitants not differing much from the -others, being dressed out with the feathers of -birds of various colours. They came towards -us with evident delight, raising loud shouts of -admiration, and showing us where we could -most securely land with our boat. We passed -up this river, about half a league, when we -found it formed a most beautiful lake three -leagues in circuit, upon which they were rowing -thirty or more of their small boats, from -one shore to the other, filled with multitudes -who came to see us. All of a sudden, as is -wont to happen to navigators, a violent contrary -wind blew in from the sea, and forced us to -return to our ship, greatly regretting to leave -this region which seemed so commodious and -delightful, and which we supposed must also -contain great riches, as the hills showed many -indications of minerals. Weighing anchor, we -sailed fifty leagues toward the east, as the coast -stretched in that direction, and always in sight -of it; <span class="sidenote"><i>Block Island</i></span>at length we discovered an island of a triangular -form, about ten leagues from the mainland, -in size about equal to the island of Rhodes, -having many hills covered with trees, and well -peopled, judging from the great number of<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_14"></a>[14]</span> -fires which we saw all around its shores; we -gave it the name of your Majesty’s illustrious -mother.</p> - -<p>We did not land there, as the weather was -unfavourable, but proceeded to another place, -fifteen leagues distant from the island, where -we found a very excellent harbour. <span class="sidenote"><i>Newport Harbour</i></span>Before entering -it, we saw about twenty small boats full -of people, who came about our ship, uttering -many cries of astonishment, but they would not -approach nearer than within fifty paces; stopping, -they looked at the structure of our ship, -our persons and dress, afterwards they all raised -a loud shout together, signifying that they were -pleased. By imitating their signs, we inspired -them in some measure with confidence, so that -they came near enough for us to toss to them -some little bells and glasses, and many toys, -which they took and looked at, laughing, and -then came on board without fear. Among them -were two kings more beautiful in form and -stature than can possibly be described; one was -about forty years old, the other about twenty-four, -and they were dressed in the following -manner: The oldest had a deer’s skin around -his body, artificially wrought in damask figures, -his head was without covering, his hair was tied -back in various knots; around his neck he wore -a large chain ornamented with many stones of -different colours. The young man was similar<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_15"></a>[15]</span> -in his general appearance. This is the finest -looking tribe, and the handsomest in their costumes, -that we have found in our voyage. They -exceed us in size, and they are of a very fair complexion; -some of them incline more to a white, -and others to a tawny colour; their faces are -sharp, their hair long and black, upon the adorning -of which they bestow great pains; their eyes -are black and sharp, their expression mild and -pleasant, greatly resembling the antique. I say -nothing to your Majesty of the other parts of -the body, which are all in good proportion, -and such as belong to well-formed men. Their -women are of the same form and beauty, very -graceful, of fine countenances and pleasing appearance -in manners and modesty; they wear -no clothing except a deer skin, ornamented like -those worn by the men; some wear very rich -lynx skins upon their arms, and various ornaments -upon their heads, composed of braids of -hair, which also hang down upon their breasts -on each side. Others wear different ornaments, -such as the women of Egypt and Syria use. The -older and the married people, both men and -women, wear many ornaments in their ears, -hanging down in the oriental manner. We saw -upon them several pieces of wrought copper, -which is more esteemed by them than gold, as -this is not valued on account of its colour, but -is considered by them as the most ordinary of<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_16"></a>[16]</span> -the metals—yellow being the colour especially -disliked by them; azure and red are those in -highest estimation with them. Of those things -which we gave them, they prized most highly -the bells, azure crystals, and other toys to hang -in their ears and about their necks; they do not -value or care to have silk or gold stuffs, or other -kinds of cloth, nor implements of steel or iron. -When we showed them our arms, they expressed -no admiration, and only asked how they were -made; the same was the case with the looking-glasses, -which they returned to us, smiling, as -soon as they had looked at them. They are -very generous, giving away whatever they have. -We formed a great friendship with them, and -one day we entered into the port with our ship, -having before rode at the distance of a league -from the shore, as the weather was adverse. -They came off to the ship with a number of -their little boats, with their faces painted in -divers colours, showing us real signs of joy, -bringing us of their provisions, and signifying -to us where we could best ride in safety with -our ship, and keeping with us until we had -cast anchor. We remained among them fifteen -days, to provide ourselves with many things of -which we were in want, during which time -they came every day to see our ship, bringing -with them their wives, of whom they were -very careful; for, although they came on board<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_17"></a>[17]</span> -themselves, and remained a long while, they -made their wives stay in the boats, nor could -we ever get them on board by any entreaties -or any presents we could make them. One of -the two kings often came with his queen and -many attendants, to see us for his amusement; -but he always stopped at the distance of about -two hundred paces, and sent a boat to inform us -of his intended visit, saying they would come -and see our ship—this was done for safety, and -as soon as they had an answer from us they came -off, and remained awhile to look around; but -on hearing the annoying cries of the sailors, the -king sent the queen, with her attendants, in a -very light boat, to wait, near an island a quarter -of a league distant from us, while he remained -a long time on board, talking with us by signs, -and expressing his fanciful notions about every -thing in the ship, and asking the use of all. -After imitating our modes of salutation, and -tasting our food, he courteously took leave of -us. Sometimes, when our men stayed two or -three days on a small island, near the ship, for -their various necessities, as sailors are wont to -do, he came with seven or eight of his attendants, -to inquire about our movements, often -asking us if we intended to remain there long, -and offering us everything at his command, and -then he would shoot with his bow, and run up -and down with his people, making great sport<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_18"></a>[18]</span> -for us. We often went five or six leagues into -the interior, and found the country as pleasant -as is possible to conceive, adapted to cultivation -of every kind, whether of corn, wine or -oil; there are open plains twenty-five or thirty -leagues in extent, entirely free from trees or -other hindrances, and of so great fertility, that -whatever is sown there will yield an excellent -crop. On entering the woods, we observed that -they might all be traversed by an army ever so -numerous; the trees of which they were composed, -were oaks, cypresses, and others unknown -in Europe. We found, also, apples, plumbs, filberts, -and many other fruits, but all of a different -kind from ours. The animals, which are in -great numbers, as stags, deer, lynxes, and many -other species, are taken by snares, and by bows, -the latter being their chief implement; their -arrows are wrought with great beauty, and for -the heads of them, they use emery, jasper, hard -marble, and other sharp stones, in the place of -iron. They also use the same kind of sharp -stones in cutting down trees, and with them -they construct their boats of single logs, hollowed -out with admirable skill, and sufficiently -commodious to contain ten or twelve persons; -their oars are short, and broad at the end, and -are managed in rowing by force of the arms -alone, with perfect security, and as nimbly as -they choose. We saw their dwellings, which are<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_19"></a>[19]</span> -of a circular form, of about ten or twelve paces -in circumference, made of logs split in halves, -without any regularity of architecture, and covered -with roofs of straw, nicely put on, which -protect them from wind and rain. There is -no doubt that they could build stately edifices -if they had workmen as skilful as ours, for the -whole sea-coast abounds in shining stones, crystals, -and alabaster, and for the same reason it has -coverts and retreats for animals. They change -their habitations from place to place as circumstances -of situation and season may require; this -is easily done, as they have only to take with -them their mats, and they have other houses prepared -at once. The father and the whole family -dwell together in one house in great numbers; -in some we saw twenty-five or thirty persons. -Their food is pulse, as with the other tribes, -which is here better than elsewhere, and more -carefully cultivated; in the time of sowing -they are governed by the moon, the sprouting -of grain, and many other ancient usages. They -live by hunting and fishing, and they are long-lived. -If they fall sick, they cure themselves -without medicine, by the heat of the fire, and -their death at last comes from extreme old age. -We judge them to be very affectionate and charitable -towards their relatives—making loud -lamentations in their adversity, and in their -misery calling to mind all their good fortune.<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_20"></a>[20]</span> -At their departure out of life, their relations -mutually join in weeping, mingled with singing, -for a long while. This is all that we could -learn of them. This region is situated in the -parallel of Rome, being 41° 40′ of north latitude, -but much colder from accidental circumstances, -and not by nature, as I shall hereafter -explain to your Majesty, and confine myself at -present to the description of its local situation. -It looks towards the south, on which side the -harbour is half a league broad; afterwards, upon -entering it, the extent between the coast and -north is twelve leagues, and then enlarging itself -it forms a very large bay, twenty leagues in -circumference, in which are five small islands, -of great fertility and beauty, covered with large -and lofty trees. <span class="sidenote"><i>Narragansett Bay</i></span>Among these islands any fleet, -however large, might ride safely, without fear -of tempests or other dangers. Turning towards -the south, at the entrance of the harbour, on -both sides, there are very pleasant hills, and -many streams of clear water, which flow down -to the sea. In the midst of the entrance, there -is a rock of freestone, formed by nature, and -suitable for the construction of any kind of -machine or bulwark for the defence of the -harbour.</p> - -<p>Having supplied ourselves with every thing -necessary, on the fifth of May we departed -from the port, and sailed one hundred and fifty<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_21"></a>[21]</span> -leagues, keeping so close to the coast as never -to lose it from our sight; the nature of the -country appeared much the same as before, but -the mountains were a little higher, and all in -appearance rich in minerals. We did not stop -to land as the weather was very favourable for -pursuing our voyage, and the country presented -no variety. <span class="sidenote"><i>Cape Cod</i></span>The shore stretched to the east, -and fifty leagues beyond more to the north, -where we found a more elevated country, full -of very thick woods of fir trees, cypresses and -the like, indicative of a cold climate. The -people were entirely different from the others -we had seen, whom we had found kind and -gentle, but these were so rude and barbarous -that we were unable by any signs we could -make, to hold communication with them. -They clothe themselves in the skins of bears, -lynxes, seals and other animals. Their food, as -far as we could judge by several visits to their -dwellings, is obtained by hunting and fishing, -and certain fruits, which are a sort of root of -spontaneous growth. They have no pulse, and -we saw no signs of cultivation; the land appears -sterile and unfit for growing of fruit or -grain of any kind. If we wished at any time -to traffick with them, they came to the sea shore -and stood upon the rocks, from which they -lowered down by a cord to our boats beneath -whatever they had to barter, continually crying<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_22"></a>[22]</span> -out to us, not to come nearer, and instantly -demanding from us that which was to be given -in exchange; they took from us only knives, -fish hooks and sharpened steel. No regard was -paid to our courtesies; when we had nothing -left to exchange with them, the men at our -departure made the most brutal signs of disdain -and contempt possible. Against their will we -penetrated two or three leagues into the interior -with twenty-five men; when we came to -the shore, they shot at us with their arrows, -raising the most horrible cries and afterwards -fleeing to the woods. In this region we found -nothing extraordinary except vast forests and -some metalliferous hills, as we infer from seeing -that many of the people wore copper earrings. -Departing from thence, we kept along -the coast, steering north-east, and found the -country more pleasant and open, free from -woods, and distant in the interior we saw -lofty mountains, but none which extended to -the shore. Within fifty leagues we discovered -thirty-two islands, <span class="sidenote"><i>Coast of Maine</i></span>all near the main land, small -and of pleasant appearance, but high and so -disposed as to afford excellent harbours and -channels, as we see in the Adriatic gulph, near -Illyria and Dalmatia. We had no intercourse -with the people, but we judge that they were -similar in nature and usages to those we were -last among. After sailing between east and<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_23"></a>[23]</span> -north the distance of one hundred and fifty -leagues more, and finding our provisions and -naval stores nearly exhausted, we took in wood -and water and determined to return to France, -having discovered 502, that is 700 leagues of -unknown lands.</p> - -<p>As to the religious faith of all these tribes, -not understanding their language, we could not -discover either by sign or gestures any thing -certain. It seemed to us that they had no religion -nor laws, nor any knowledge of a First -Cause or Mover, that they worshipped neither -the heavens, stars, sun, moon nor other planets; -nor could we learn if they were given to any -kind of idolatry, or offered any sacrifices or -supplications, or if they have temples or houses -of prayer in their villages;—our conclusion -was, that they have no religious belief whatever, -but live in this respect entirely free. All which -proceeds from ignorance, as they are very easy -to be persuaded, and imitated us with earnestness -and fervour in all which they saw us do as -Christians in our acts of worship.</p> - -<p>On board the ship Dauphine, in the port of -Dieppe in Normandy, the 8th of July, 1524.</p> - -<p class="right"> -<span class="padr4">Your humble servitor,</span><br /> -<span class="smcap">John de Verrazzano</span>. -</p> - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_24"></a>[24]</span><br /> - <span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_25"></a>[25]</span><br /></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<hr class="fulla" /> -<hr class="fulla" /> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="David_Ingram"> -<span class="antiqua fs135">David Ingram</span><br /> -<span class="lsp2">1568</span><br /> -MAINE</h2> -</div> - -<hr class="fulla" /> -<hr class="fulla" /> - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_26"></a>[26]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter blockquot"> - -<p class="noindent"><span class="smcap">David Ingram</span> <em>was one of the companions of Sir John -Hawkins, when he was forced to take refuge from a -storm in the Mexican harbour of San Juan de Ulua, in -the autumn of 1568. After several days of amicable traffic -for the slaves brought by Hawkins from Africa, the -English ships were suddenly attacked by an overpowering -Spanish force. Hawkins succeeded in gathering -most of his men into two of the vessels, and in fighting -his way out of the harbour. The escape from danger -was only temporary, however, for the two ships were -so overcrowded that it quickly became evident that they -could not possibly make the voyage across the Atlantic -to England. About a hundred men were therefore set -on shore, on the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico. -Three of these men succeeded in making their way across -the central and eastern portion of what is now the -United States. A French fur-trader found them somewhere -on the eastern Maine coast and carried them back -to Europe.</em></p> - -<p><em>One of these trans-continental wanderers, David -Ingram, wrote an account of his adventures, in which he -mingled much fiction with some probable truth. The -paragraphs reprinted here contain the most plausible -portion of his narrative. There are numerous contemporary -manuscript copies of Ingram’s narrative, testifying -to the curiosity which it excited at the time. It was -first printed in 1582 by Hakluyt, who omitted it from -his subsequent publications because of its dubious veracity.</em></p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_27"></a>[27]</span><br /></p> - -<div class="chapter"></div> -<div class="bbox"> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i027" style="max-width: 37.5em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i027.jpg" alt="(Decorative banner)" /> -</div> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<div class="blockquot fs135"> - -<p class="drop-cap">THE Relacon of <em>Davyd -Ingram</em> of <em>Barkinge</em> in -the <ins class="corr" id="tn-27" title="Transcriber’s Note—Original text has a ~ (tilde) over the m"> -Com of <em>Essex</em></ins> Saylor, -being nowe abowt the age -of fortye yeares, of sundrye -thinges which he with others -did see in Travelinge by lande -from the moste northerlie parte -of the Baye of <em>Mezico</em> where he -with many others weare sett on -shoare by M<sup>r</sup> <em>Hawkyns</em> throughe -a greate parte of <em>Ameryca</em> vntill -they came within fivetye -leagues or theraboutes of Cape -<em>Britton</em> which he reported vnto -Sr. <em>ffrauncys Walsingham</em> Kt. -her Majesties principall Secretarye -and to Sr. <em>George Peckham</em> -Knight and dyuers others of<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_28"></a>[28]</span> -good iudgment and Creditt in -August and September Anno -Domini 1582.</p> -</div> -</div> - -<p class="drop-cap">ABOUTE the beginninge of Octobar -Anno Domini 1568 <span class="sidenote"><i>1568 October</i></span>Davyd Ingram -with the reste of his Company beinge -an C. [i. e. 100] persons in all weare sett -on lande by Mr. John Hawkyns about sixe -leagues to the weste of the Ryvar Camina or Rio -de Mynas which standethe aboute 140 leagues -weste and by northe from the Cape of floryda -he hathe travayled in those Countryes from -beyonde terra florida extendinge towardes the -Cape Britton about eleaven monethes in the -whole, and aboute seaven monethes therof in -those Countryes which lye towardes the northe -of the Ryu of Maii. In which tyme as the -saide Ingram thincketh he travayled by land -2000 myles at the leaste, and never contynued -in any one place above 3 or 4. daies savinge -onlye at the Cyttie of Balma where he stayed -VI or VII. daies.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>After longe travayle the foresaid Davyd Ingram -with his twoe Companions Browne and -Twyde came to the head of a Ryvar called -Gugida <span class="sidenote"><i>St. John River</i></span>which is 60 leagues weste from Cape<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_29"></a>[29]</span> -Britton where they vnderstode by the people -of that Countrye, of the arryvall of a Christyan, -whervppon they made there repayer to the Sea -syde, and there founde a frenche Capitaine -named Mounsieur Champaine whoe toke them -into his Shippe and brought them vnto Newhaven, -and from thence they weare transported -into England Anno Domini 1569.</p> - -<p>This Mounsieur Champaine with dyvers of -his Company was brought into the village of -Baryniathe aboute twentye myles vpp into the -Countrye by the saide Ex<sup>t</sup> and his twoe Companions -by whose meanes he had a trade with -the people, of dyvers sortes of fyne furres and -of great redde leaves of Trees almoste a yarde -longe and aboute a foote broade which he -thincketh are good for dyenge.</p> - -<p>Alsoe the saide Mounsieur Champaine had -there for exchange of tryflinge wares a good -quantytie of rude and vnwrought sylver.</p> - -<p>He saieth furthar that dyvers of the saide -frenche men which weare in the saide Shippe -called the Gargaryne, are yet lyvinge in -······· vppon the Coaste of ffraunce as -he thincketh, for he did speake with some of -them within these three yeares.</p> - -<p>Aboute a fortnight after there cominge from -Newhaven into England this Ex<sup>t</sup> and his twoe -Companyons came to Mr. John Hawkyns whoe -had sett them on shoare vppon the Baye of<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_30"></a>[30]</span> -Mezico, and vnto eache of them he gave a Rewarde.</p> - -<p>Richard Browne his Companyon was slayne -aboute five yeares paste in the Elizabeth of Mr. -Cockens of London, and Richard Twyde his -other Companyon dyed at Ratclif in John Sherwoodes -howse there aboute three yeares paste.</p> - -<p>Grando is a word of salutacion, as amonge vs -good morrowe good even god save you, and such -like.</p> - -<p>Garriccona a Kinge.</p> - -<p>Garraccona a Lorde.</p> - -<p>Tona Bredde.</p> - -<p>Carningnaz, the privyties.</p> - -<p>Kerrucca the sonne.</p> - -<p>Alsoe the saide Davyd Ingram travelinge towardes -the northe founde the mayne Sea vppon -the northe syde of Ameryca, <span class="sidenote"><i>Great Lakes</i></span>and travayled -in the sighte therof the space of twoe whole -dayes, where the people signifyed vnto him that -they had seene Shippes on that Coaste and did -drawe vppon the grounde the Shape and signe -of Shippes and of there Sales and flagges which -thinge especyallye provethe the passage of the -northe weste and is agreable to the experyence -of the Spanishe Captaine Vasques de Coronado, -founde a Shippe of China or Caytaia vppon the -northe weste of Ameryca.</p> - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_31"></a>[31]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<hr class="fulla" /> -<hr class="fulla" /> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="Bartholomew_Gosnold"> -<span class="antiqua fs135">Bartholomew Gosnold</span><br /> -<span class="lsp2">1602</span><br /> -BUZZARD’S BAY</h2> -</div> - -<hr class="fulla" /> -<hr class="fulla" /> - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_32"></a>[32]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter blockquot"> - -<p class="noindent"><span class="smcap">Bartholomew Gosnold</span> <em>and Bartholomew Gilbert, -the latter a son of Sir Humphrey, visited the south-eastern -New England coast in the summer of 1602, for -the purpose of finding out what chances there were for -profitable trading in that region. They probably chose -this locality because it had not before been explored by -English sailors, and because they sailed without a license -from Sir Walter Ralegh, to whom had been granted -the exclusive right of English trade with that part of -the world. Had they succeeded in returning undetected -to England, nobody to-day would know anything about -the details of their voyage. A sudden drop in the price -of sassafras showed Ralegh that something was wrong, -and investigation soon brought their cargo to light. As -some men prominent in the court circle had taken shares -in the Gosnold-Gilbert venture, a compromise was arranged -to avoid public scandal, and Ralegh allowed the -report to go out that he had authorized the voyage. An -account of the voyage, written by John Brereton, was -published for circulation among those who it was hoped -might subscribe toward the cost of equipping another -expedition to the same locality.</em></p> -</div> - -<div class="chapter"></div> -<div class="figcenter illowp75" id="i032" style="max-width: 30em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i032.jpg" alt="" /> - <div class="caption"><em>Earliest English Book relating to New England</em></div> - -<div class="p1 chapter fs80"> -A<br /> -Briefe and true Relation of<br /> -the Discouerie of the North<br /> -part of <em>Virginia</em>; being a<br /> -most pleasant, fruitfull<br /> -and commodious<br /> -soile:<br /> -<br /> -Made this present yeere 1602, by<br /> -Captaine <em>Bartholomew Gosnold</em>, Captaine<br /> -<em>Bartholowmew Gilbert</em>, and diuers<br /> -other gentlemen their associates, by the<br /> -permission of the honourable knight,<br /> -Sir <span class="smcap">Walter Ralegh</span>, &c.<br /> -<br /> -<em>Written by M.</em> John Brereton<br /> -<em>one of the voyage</em>.<br /> -<br /> -Whereunto is annexed a Treatise,<br /> -of M. <em>Edward Hayes</em>, conteining important<br /> -inducements for the planting in those<br /> -parts, and finding a passage that<br /> -way to the South sea,<br /> -and <em>China</em>.<br /> -<br /> -<em>With diuers instructions of speciall moment<br /> -newly added in this second impression.</em><br /> -<br /> -LONDINI,<br /> -<em>Impensis</em> Geor. Bishop.<br /> -1602.<br /> -</div> -</div> - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_33"></a>[33]</span><br /></p> - -<div class="chapter"></div> -<div class="bbox"> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i033" style="max-width: 37.5em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i033.jpg" alt="(Decorative banner)" /> -</div> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<div class="blockquot fs135"> - -<p class="negin1"> -TO THE HONOURABLE -Sir <span class="smcap">Walter Ralegh</span>, <em>Kt., -Captaine of her</em> Maiesties -Guards, Lord Warden of -the Stanneries, Lieutenant -of <em>Cornwall</em>, and Gouernour -of the Isle of <em>Jersey</em>.</p> -</div> -</div> - -<p class="drop-cap">HONOURABLE sir, being earnestly -requested by a deere friend, <span class="sidenote"><i>1602</i></span>to put -downe in writing, some true relation -of our late performed voyage to the North -parts of <em>Virginia</em>; at length I resolued to satisfie -his request, who also imboldened me, to direct -the same to your honourable consideration; to -whom indeed of duetie it perteineth.</p> - -<p>May it please your Lordship therefore to -understand, that upon the sixe and twentieth -of March <em>1602</em>, <span class="sidenote"><i>March</i></span>being Friday, we went from -<em>Falmouth</em>, being in all, two & thirtie persons, in -a small barke of <em>Dartmouth</em>, called The <i>Concord</i>, -holding a course for the North part of Virginia: -and although by chance the winde fauoured -vs not at first as we wished, but inforced vs so<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_34"></a>[34]</span> -farre to the Southward, as we fell with <em>S. Marie</em>, -one of the islands of the <em>Açores</em> (which was not -much out of our way) yet holding our course -directly from thence, we made our iourney -shorter (than hitherto accustomed) by the better -part of a thousand leagues, yet were wee longer -in our passage than we expected; which happened, -for that our barke being weake, we were -loth to presse her with much saile; also, our -sailers being few, and they none of the best, we -bare (except in faire weather) but low saile; besides, -our going vpon an vnknowen coast, made -vs not ouer-bolde to stand in with the shore, but -in open weather; which caused vs to be certeine -daies in sounding, before we discouered -the coast, the weather being by chance, somewhat -foggie. <span class="sidenote"><i>May</i></span>But on Friday the foureteenth of -May, early in the morning, we made the land, -being full of faire trees, the land somewhat -low, certeine hummocks or hilles lying into the -land, the shore ful of white sand, but very stony -or rocky. And standing faire alongst by the -shore, about twelue of the clocke the same day, -we came to an anker, <span class="sidenote"><i>Cape Neddock Maine</i></span>where sixe Indians, in a -Baske-shallop with mast and saile, an iron grapple, -and a kettle of copper, came boldly aboord -vs, one of them apparelled with a wastcoat and -breeches of blacke serdge, made after our sea-fashion, -hose and shoes on his feet; all the rest -(sauing one that had a paire of breeches of blue<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_35"></a>[35]</span> -cloth) were all naked. These people are of tall -stature, broad and grim visage, of a blacke swart -complexion, their eie-browes painted white; -their weapons are bowes and arrowes: it seemed -by some words and signes they made, that some -Basks or of <em>S. Iohn de Luz</em>, haue fished or -traded in this place, being in the latitude of -43 degrees. But riding heere, in no very good -harbour, and withall, doubting the weather, -about three of the clocke the same day in the -afternoone we weighed, & standing Southerly -off into sea the rest of that day and the night -following, with a fresh gale of winde, in the -morning we found ourselues embayed with a -mightie headland; but comming to an anker -about nine of the clocke the same day, within a -league of the shore, <span class="sidenote"><i>Cape Cod</i></span>we hoised out the one halfe -of our shallop, and captaine <em>Bartholomew Gosnold</em>, -my selfe, and three others, went ashore, being a -white sandie and very bolde shore; and marching -all that afternoon with our muskets on our -necks, on the highest hilles which we saw (the -weather very hot) at length we perceiued this -headland to be parcell of the maine, and sundrie -Islands lying almost round about it: so -returning (towards euening) to our shallop (for -by that time, the other part was brought ashore -and set together) we espied an Indian, a yong -man, of proper stature, and of a pleasing countenance; -and after some familiaritie with him,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_36"></a>[36]</span> -we left him at the sea side, and returned to our -ship, where, in fiue or sixe houres absence, we -had pestered our ship so with Cod fish, that -we threw numbers of them ouer-boord againe: -and surely, I am persuaded that in the moneths -of March, April, and May, there is vpon this -coast, better fishing, and in as great plentie, as -in <em>Newfoundland</em>: for the sculles of Mackerell, -herrings, Cod, and other fish, that we dayly saw -as we went and came from the shore, were wonderfull; -and besides, the places where we tooke -these Cods (and might in a few daies haue laden -our ship) were but in seuen faddome water, and -within lesse than a league of the shore; where, -in <em>Newfound-land</em> they fish in fortie or fiftie -fadome water, and farre off. From this place, -we sailed round about this headland, almost all -the points of the compasse, the shore very bolde: -but as no coast is free from dangers, so I am -persuaded, this is as free as any; the land somewhat -lowe, full of goodly woods, but in some -places plaine: at length we were come amongst -many faire Islands, which we had partly discerned -at our first landing; <span class="sidenote"><i>Nantucket</i></span>all lying within a -league or two one of another, and the outermost -not aboue sixe or seuen leagues from the -maine: <span class="sidenote"><i>Martha’s Vineyard</i></span>but comming to an anker vnder one of -them, which was about three or foure leagues -from the maine, captaine <em>Gosnold</em>, my selfe, and -some others, went ashore, & going round about<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_37"></a>[37]</span> -it, we found it to be foure English miles in -compasse, without house or inhabitant, sauing a -little old house made of boughes, couered with -barke, an olde piece of a weare of the Indians, -to catch fish, and one or two places, where they -had made fires. The chiefest trees of this Island, -are Beeches and Cedars; the outward parts all -ouergrowen with lowe bushie trees, three or -foure foot in height, which beare some kinde -of fruits, as appeared by their blossomes; Strawberies, -red and white, as sweet and much bigger -than ours in <em>England</em>, Rasberies, Gooseberies, -Hurtleberies, and such; an incredible store of -Vines, as well in the wooddie part of the Island, -where they run upon euery tree, as on the outward -parts, that we could not goe for treading -vpon them: also, many springs of excellent -sweet water, and a great standing lake of fresh -water, neere the sea side, an English mile in -compasse, which is mainteined with the springs -running exceeding pleasantly thorow the wooddie -grounds which are very rockie. Here are -also in this Island, great store of Deere, which -we saw, and other beasts, as appeared by their -tracks; as also diuers fowles, as Cranes, Hernshawes, -Bitters, Geese, Mallards, Teales, and -other fowles, in great plenty; also, great store of -Pease, which grow in certeine plots all the Island -ouer. On the North side of this Island we -found many huge bones and ribbes of Whales.<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_38"></a>[38]</span> -This Island, as also all the rest of these Islands, -are full of all sorts of stones fit for building; the -sea sides all couered with stones, many of them -glistering and shining like minerall stones, and -very rockie: also, the rest of these Islands are -replenished with these commodities, and vpon -some of them, inhabitants; as vpon an Island -to the Northward, and within two leagues of -this; yet wee found no townes, nor many of their -houses, although we saw manie Indians, which -are tall big boned men, all naked, sauing they -couer their priuy parts with a blacke tewed skin, -much like a Black-smithes apron, tied about -their middle and betweene their legs behinde: -they gaue vs of their fish readie boiled (which -they carried in a basket made of twigges, not -unlike our osier) whereof we did eat, and iudged -them to be fresh water fish: they gaue vs also -of their Tabacco, which they drinke greene, -but dried into powder, very strong and pleasant, -and much better than any I haue tasted in -<em>England</em>: the necks of their pipes are made of -clay hard dried (whereof in that Island is great -store both red and white) the other part, is a -piece of hollow copper, very finely closed and -semented together: we gaue vnto them certeine -trifles, as kniues, points, and such like, which -they much esteemed. From hence we went to -another Island, to the Northwest of this, and -within a league or two of the maine, which we<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_39"></a>[39]</span> -found to be greater than before we imagined, -being 16 English miles at the least in compasse; <span class="sidenote"><i>Cuttyhunk</i></span> -for it conteineth many pieces or necks of -land, which differ nothing frō seuerall Islands, -sauing that certeine banks of small bredth do -like bridges ioyne them to this Island: on the -outsides of this Island are many plaine places -of grasse, abundance of Strawberies & other -berries before mentioned: in mid May we did -sowe in this Island (as for a triall) in sundry -places, Wheat, Barley, Oats, and Pease, which in -foureteene daies were sprung up nine inches and -more: the soile is fat and lustie; the vpper crust, -of gray colour; but a foot or lesse in depth, of -the colour of our hempe-lands in <em>England</em>; and -being thus apt for these and the like graines; the -sowing or setting (after the ground is cleansed) -is no greater labour, than if you should set or -sowe in one of our best prepared gardens in England. -This Island is full of high timberd Oaks, -their leaues thrise so broad as ours; Cedars, strait -and tall; Beech, Elme, Hollie, Walnut trees in -abundance, the fruit as bigge as ours, as appeared -by those we found under the trees, which had -lien all the yeere vngathered; Haslenut trees, -Cherry trees, the leafe, barke and bignesse not -differing from ours in <em>England</em>, but the stalke -beareth the blossomes or fruit at the end thereof, -like a cluster of Grapes, forty or fifty in a bunch; -Sassafras trees great plentie all the Island ouer, a<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_40"></a>[40]</span> -tree of high price and profit; also, diuers other -fruit trees, some of them with strange barks, of -an Orange colour, in feeling soft and smoothe -like veluet: in the thickest parts of these woods, -you may see a furlong or more round about. -On the Northwest side of this Island, neere to -the sea side, is a standing Lake of fresh water, -almost three English miles in compasse, in -the middest whereof stands a plot of wooddie -ground, an acre in quantitie or not aboue: this -Lake is full of small Tortoises, and exceedingly -frequented with all sorts of fowles before rehearsed, -which breed, some lowe on the banks, -and others on lowe trees about this Lake in -great abundance, whose yoong ones of all sorts -we tooke and eat at our pleasure: but all these -fowles are much bigger than ours in <em>England</em>. -Also, in euery Island, and almost in euery part -of euery Island, are great store of Ground nuts, -fortie together on a string, some of them as -bigge as hennes egges; they grow not two inches -vnder ground: the which nuts we found to be -as good as Potatoes. Also, diuers sorts of shell-fish, -as Scallops, Muscles, Cockles, Lobsters, -Crabs, Oisters, and Wilks, exceeding good and -very great. But not to cloy you with particular -rehearsall of such things as God & Nature hath -bestowed on these places, in comparison whereof, -the most fertil part of al <em>England</em> is (of it -selfe) but barren; we went in our light-horsman<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_41"></a>[41]</span> -frō this Island to the maine, right against this -Island some two leagues off, where comming -ashore, we stood a while like men rauished at -the beautie and delicacie of this sweet soile; <span class="sidenote"><i>Buzzard’s Bay</i></span> -for besides diuers cleere Lakes of fresh water -(whereof we saw no end) Medowes very large -and full of greene grasse; euen the most wooddy -places (I speake onely of such as I saw) doe grow -so distinct and apart, one tree from another, -vpon greene grassie ground, somewhat higher -than the Plaines, as if Nature would shew herselfe -aboue her power, artificiall. Hard by, we -espied seuen Indians; and comming vp to them, -at first they expressed some feare; but being -emboldned by our courteous vsage, and some -trifles which we gaue them, they followed vs to -a necke of land, which we imagined had beene -seuered from the maine; but finding it otherwise, -we perceiued a broad harbour or riuers -mouth, which ranne vp into the maine: but -because the day was farre spent, we were forced -to returne to the Island from whence we came, -leauing the discouerie of this harbour, for a -time of better leasure: of the goodnesse of which -harbour, as also of many others thereabouts, -there is small doubt, considering that all the -Islands, as also the maine (where we were) is all -rockie grounds and broken lands. Now the -next day, we determined to fortifie our selues -in the little plot of ground in the midst of the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_42"></a>[42]</span> -Lake aboue mentioned, where we built an house, -and couered it with sedge, which grew about -this lake in great abundance; in building whereof, -we spent three weeks and more: but the -second day after our comming from the maine, -we espied 9 canowes or boats, with fiftie Indians -in them, comming toward vs from this part of -the maine, where we, two daies before, landed; -and being loth they should discouer our fortification, -we went out on the sea side to meet -them; and comming somewhat neere them, -they all sat downe upon the stones, calling aloud -to vs (as we rightly ghessed) to doe the like, a -little distance from them: hauing sat a while -in this order, captaine <em>Gosnold</em> willed me to go -vnto them, to see what countenance they would -make; but as soone as I came vp vnto them, -one of them, to whom I had giuen a knife two -daies before in the maine, knew me (whom I -also very wel remembred) and smiling vpon me, -spake somewhat vnto their lord or captaine, -which sat in the midst of them, who presently -rose vp and tooke a large Beauer skin from one -that stood about him, and gaue it vnto me, -which I requited for that time the best I could: -but I pointing towards captaine <em>Gosnold</em>, made -signes vnto him, that he was our captaine, and -desirous to be his friend, and enter league with -him, which (as I perceiued) he vnderstood, and -made signes of ioy: whereupon captaine <em>Gosnold</em><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_43"></a>[43]</span> -with the rest of his companie, being -twentie in all, came vp vnto them; and after -many signes of gratulations (captain <em>Gosnold</em> -presenting their L. with certeine trifles which -they wondred at, and highly esteemed) we -became very great friends, and sent for meat -aboord our shallop, and gaue them such meats -as we had then readie dressed, whereof they -misliked nothing but our mustard, whereat they -made many a sowre face. While wee were thus -merry, one of them had conueied a target of ours -into one of their canowes, which we suffered, -onely to trie whether they were in subiection -to this L. to whom we made signes (by shewing -him another of the same likenesse, and -pointing to the canowe) what one of his companie -had done: who suddenly expressed some -feare, and speaking angerly to one about him -(as we perceiued by his countenance) caused it -presently to be brought backe againe. So the -rest of the day we spent in trading with them -for Furres, which are Beauers, Luzernes, Marterns, -Otters, Wild-cat skinnes very large and -deepe Furre, blacke Foxes, Conie skinnes, of -the colour of our Hares, but somewhat lesse, -Deere skinnes very large, Seale skinnes, and -other beasts skinnes, to vs vnknowen. They -haue also great store of Copper, some very -redde, and some of a paler colour; none of them -but haue chaines, earrings or collars of this<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_44"></a>[44]</span> -mettall: they head some of their arrows herewith, -much like our broad arrow heads, very -workmanly made. Their chaines are many -hollow pieces semented together, ech piece of -the bignesse of one of our reeds, a finger in -length, ten or twelue of them together on a -string, which they weare about their necks: -their collars they weare about their bodies like -bandelieres a handfull broad, all hollow pieces, -like the other, but somewhat shorter, foure -hundred pieces in a collar, very fine and euenly -set together. Besides these, they haue large -drinking cups, made like sculles, and other -thinne plates of Copper, made much like our -boare-speare blades, all which they so little -esteeme, as they offered their fairest collars or -chaines, for a knife or such like trifle, but -we seemed little to regard it; yet I was desirous -to vnderstand where they had such store of -this mettall, and made signes to one of them -(with whom I was verie familiar) who taking a -piece of Copper in his hand, made a hole with -his finger in the ground, and withall, pointed -to the maine from whence they came. They -strike fire in this manner; euery one carrieth -about him in a purse of tewed leather, a Minerall -stone (which I take to be their Copper) and -with a flat Emerie stone (wherewith Glasiers -cut glasse, and Cutlers glase blades) tied fast -to the end of a little sticke, gently he striketh<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_45"></a>[45]</span> -vpon the Minerall stone, and within a stroke -or two, a sparke falleth vpon a piece of Touch-wood -(much like our Spunge in <em>England</em>) and -with the least sparke he maketh a fire presently. -We had also of their Flaxe, wherewith they -make many strings and cords, but it is not so -bright of colour as ours in England: I am perswaded -they haue great store growing vpon -the maine, as also Vines and many other rich -commodities, which we, wanting both time and -meanes, could not possibly discouer. Thus they -continued with vs three daies, euery night retiring -themselues to the furthermost part of our -Island two or three miles from our fort: but the -fourth day they returned to the maine, pointing -fiue or six times to the Sun, and once to the -maine, which we vnderstood, that within fiue -or six daies they would come from the maine -to vs againe: but being in their canowes a little -from the shore, they made huge cries & shouts -of ioy vnto vs; and we with our trumpet and -cornet, and casting vp our cappes into the aire, -made them the best farewell we could: yet sixe -or seuen of them remained with vs behinde, -bearing vs company euery day into the woods, -and helpt vs to cut and carie our Sassafras, -and some of them lay aboord our ship. These -people, as they are exceeding courteous, gentle -of disposition, and well conditioned, excelling -all others that we haue seene; so for shape<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_46"></a>[46]</span> -of bodie and louely fauour, I thinke they excell -all the people of <em>America</em>; of stature much -higher than we; of complexion or colour, -much like a darke Oliue; their eie-browes and -haire blacke, which they weare long, tied vp -behinde in knots, whereon they pricke feathers -of fowles, in fashion of a crownet: some of -them are blacke thin bearded; they make beards -of the haire of beasts: and one of them offered -a beard of their making to one of our sailers, -for his that grew on his face, which because it -was of a red colour, they iudged to be none of -his owne. They are quicke eied, and stedfast -in their looks, fearelesse of others harmes, as intending -none themselues; some of the meaner -sort giuen to filching, which the very name of -Saluages (not weighing their ignorance in good -or euill) may easily excuse: their garments are -of Deere skins, and some of them weare Furres -round and close about their necks. They pronounce -our language with great facilitie; for -one of them one day sitting by me, vpon occasion -I spake smiling to him these words: <em>How -now (sirha) are you so saucie with my Tabacco</em>: -which words (without any further repetition) -he suddenly spake so plaine and distinctly, as if -he had beene a long scholar in the language. -Many other such trials we had, which are heere -needlesse to repeat. Their women (such as we -saw) which were but three in all, were but lowe<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_47"></a>[47]</span> -of stature, their eie-browes, haire, apparell, and -maner of wearing, like to the men, fat, and very -well fauoured, and much delighted in our compane; -the men are very dutifull towards them. -And truely, the holsomnesse and temperature -of this Climat, doth not onely argue this people -to be answerable to this description, but also -of a perfect constitution of body, actiue, strong, -healthfull, and very wittie, as the sundry toies -of theirs cunningly wrought, may easily witnes. -For the agreeing of this Climat with vs -(I speake of my selfe, & so I may iustly do for -the rest of our companie) that we found our -health & strength all the while we remained -there, so to renew and increase, as notwithstanding -our diet and lodging was none of the -best, yet not one of our company (God be -thanked) felt the least grudging or inclination -to any disease or sicknesse, but were much fatter -and in better health than when we went out -of <em>England</em>. But after our barke had taken in -so much Sassafras, Cedar, Furres, Skinnes, and -other commodities, as were thought conuenient; -some of our company that had promised -captaine <em>Gosnold</em> to stay, hauing nothing but -a sauing voyage in their minds, made our company -of inhabitants (which was small enough -before) much smaller; so as captaine <em>Gosnold</em> -seeing his whole strength to consist but of -twelue men, and they but meanly prouided,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_48"></a>[48]</span> -determined to returne for <em>England</em>, leauing this -Island (which he called <em>Elizabeths Island</em>) with -as many true sorrowfull eies, as were before -desirous to see it. So the 18 of June, being Friday, -we weighed, and with indifferent faire -winde and weather came to anker the 23 of -July, being also Friday (in all, bare fiue weeks) -before <em>Exmouth</em>.</p> - -<p class="right"> -Your Lordships to command,<br /> -<span class="padr4"><em>Iohn Brereton</em>.</span></p> - - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i048" style="max-width: 37.5em;"> - <img class="p1 w100" src="images/i048.jpg" alt="(Decorative separator)" /> -</div> - - -<p class="p2 negin1">A briefe Note of such commodities as we saw -in the countrey notwithstanding our small -time of stay.</p> - -<div class="textcol"> -<p><span class="pad4"><em>Trees.</em></span></p> - -<p class="drop-capx">SAssafras trees, the roots whereof at 3. s. the pound are 336. l. the tunne.</p> -<p>Cedars tall and straight, in great abundance.</p> -<p>Cypres trees.</p> -<p>Oakes.</p> -<p>Walnut trees great store.</p> -<p>Elmes.</p> -<p>Beech.</p> -<p>Hollie.</p> -<p>Haslenut trees.</p> -<p>Cherry trees.</p> -<p>Cotten trees.</p> -<p>Other fruit trees to vs vnknowen.</p> -</div> - -<div class="textcol"> -<p><span class="pad4"><em>Fowles.</em></span></p> - -<p class="drop-capx">EAgles.</p> -<p>Hernshawes.</p> -<p>Cranes.</p> -<p>Bitters.</p> -<p>Mallards.</p> -<p>Teales.</p> -<p>Geese.</p> -<p>Pengwins.</p> -<p>Ospreis and Hawks.</p> -<p>Crowes.</p> -<p>Rauens.</p> -<p>Mewes.</p> -<p>Doues.</p> -<p>Sea-pies.</p> -<p>Blacke-birds with carnation wings.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_49"></a>[49]</span></p> - -<p class="negin1"><em>The finder of our Sassafras -in these parts, was one -Master</em> Robert Meriton.</p> - -<div class="textcol"> -<p><span class="pad4"><em>Beasts.</em></span></p> - -<p class="drop-capx">DEere in great store, very great and large.</p> -<p>Beares.</p> -<p>Luzernes.</p> -<p>Blacke Foxes.</p> -<p>Beavers.</p> -<p>Otters.</p> -<p>Wilde-Cats, verie large and great.</p> -<p>Dogs like Foxes, blacke and sharpe nosed.</p> -<p>Conies.</p> -</div> - -<div class="textcol"> -<p><span class="pad2"><em>Fruits, Plants, and Herbs.</em></span></p> - -<p class="drop-capx">TAbacco, excellent sweet and strong.</p> -<p>Vines in more plenty than in <em>France</em>.</p> -<p>Ground-nuts, good meat, & also medicinable.</p> -<p>Strawberries.</p> -<p>Raspeberries.</p> -<p>Gooseberries.</p> -<p>Hurtleberries.</p> -<p>Pease growing naturally.</p> -<p>Flaxe.</p> -<p>Sorrell, & manie other herbs wherewith they made fallets.</p> -</div> - -<div class="textcol"> -<p><span class="pad4"><em>Fishes.</em></span></p> - -<p class="drop-capx">WHales.</p> -<p>Tortoises, both on land and sea.</p> -<p>Seales.</p> -<p>Cods.</p> -<p>Mackerell.</p> -<p>Breames.</p> -<p>Herrings.</p> -<p>Thornbacke.</p> -<p>Hakes.</p> -</div> - -<div class="textcol"> -<br /> -<p>Rockefish.</p> -<p>Doggefish.</p> -<p>Lobsters.</p> -<p>Crabbes.</p> -<p>Muscles.</p> -<p>Wilks.</p> -<p>Cockles.</p> -<p>Scallops.</p> -<p>Oisters.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_50"></a>[50]</span><br /></p> - -<p class="drop-capx">SNakes foure foot in length, and sixe inches about, -which the Indians eat for daintie meat, the skinnes -whereof they vse for girdles.</p> - -<p class="p1 pfs100"><em>Mettals and Stones.</em></p> - -<div class="textcol"> -<p class="drop-capx">COpper in great abundance.</p> -<p>Emerie stones for Glasiers & Cutlers.</p> -<p>Alabaster very white.</p> -<p>Stones glistering and shining like Minerall stones.</p> -</div> - -<div class="textcol"> -<p>Stones of a blue metalline colour, which we take to be Steele oare.</p> -<p>Stones of all sorts for buildings.</p> -<p>Cley, red and white.</p> -</div> - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_51"></a>[51]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<hr class="fulla" /> -<hr class="fulla" /> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="Martin_Pring"> -<span class="antiqua fs135">Martin Pring</span><br /> -<span class="lsp2">1603</span><br /> -PLYMOUTH HARBOUR</h2> -</div> - -<hr class="fulla" /> -<hr class="fulla" /> - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_52"></a>[52]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter blockquot"> - -<p class="noindent"><span class="smcap">Martin Pring</span>, <em>who became more famous ten years -later in the East India trade, and who rose to the dignity -of “Generall to the Fraternity of the Trinitie House” at -Bristol, was selected by sundry of the chiefest merchants -of that town in 1603 to represent their interests on a -voyage to the region where Gosnold and Gilbert had -gathered a profitable cargo of sassafras. He was given -the charge of “a small ship called the Speed-well in burthen -about fiftie tunnes, manning the same with some -thirtie men and Boyes ... with a Barke called the Discoverer, -of six and twentie tunnes or thereabout, being -thirteene men and a Boy in all in that Barke.” They -made land on the Maine coast, and after following the -northern shore of Massachusetts Bay for a ways, struck -across to the southwest, hitting upon Plymouth harbour. -Here there was abundance of sassafras, and the ships’ -companies made a camp on shore while they gathered -their cargo.</em></p> - -<p><em>Pring wrote an account of the voyage for Richard -Hakluyt, who had persuaded the Bristol merchants to -make the venture. Samuel Purchas, who came into possession -of Hakluyt’s papers, printed the narrative at -London in 1625, in the fourth volume of “Purchas his -Pilgrimes.”</em></p> -</div> - -<div class="chapter"></div> -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i052" style="max-width: 37.5em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i052.jpg" alt="" /> - <div class="caption"><em>Champlain’s Map of Port St. Louis</em> (<em>Plymouth Bay</em>)</div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_53"></a>[53]</span><br /></p> - -<div class="chapter"></div> -<div class="bbox"> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i053" style="max-width: 37.5em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i053.jpg" alt="(Decorative banner)" /> -</div> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<div class="blockquot fs135"> - -<p class="negin1"><span class="fs150 lsp2">A VOYAGE</span> -set out from the Citie of -<em>Bristoll</em> at the charge of the -chiefest Merchants and Inhabitants -of the said Citie -with a small Ship and a Barke -for the discouerie of the -North part of <em>Virginia</em>.</p> -</div> -</div> - -<p class="drop-cap">WE set saile from <em>Milford Hauen</em> <span class="sidenote"><i>April 1603</i></span> -(where the winds had stayed vs a -fortnight, in which space we heard -of Queen <em>Elizabeths</em> death) the tenth of Aprill -1603. In our course we passed by the Iles of -the <em>Açores</em>, had first sight of the <em>Pike</em>, and afterward -of the Iland of <em>Cueruo</em> and <em>Flores</em>, and after -we had runne some fiue hundred leagues, <span class="sidenote"><i>June</i></span>we fell -with a multitude of small Ilands on the North -Coast of <em>Virginia</em>, in the latitude of 43. degrees, -the ······· of Iune, which Ilands wee found very -pleasant to behold, adorned with goodly grasse -and sundry sorts of Trees, as Cedars, Spruce, -Pines, and Firre-trees. Heere wee found an<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_54"></a>[54]</span> -excellent fishing for Cods, which are better then -those of <em>New-found-land</em>, and withall we saw -good and Rockie ground fit to drie them vpon: -also we see no reason to the contrary, but that -Salt may bee made in these parts, a matter of -no small importance. We sayled to the South-west -end of these Ilands, and there rode with -our ships vnder one of the greatest. One of them -we named <em>Foxe Iland</em>, because we found those -kind of beasts thereon. So passing through the -rest with our Boates to the mayne Land, which -lieth for a good space North-east and South-west, -we found very safe riding among them, -in sixe, seuen, eight, ten and twelue fathomes. -At length comming to the Mayne in the latitude -of 43. degrees and an halfe, we ranged the same -to the South-west. In which course we found -foure Inlets, the most Easterly whereof was -barred at the mouth, but hauing passed ouer the -barre, wee ranne vp into it fiue miles, and for a -certaine space found very good depth, and comming -out againe, as we sailed South-westward, -we lighted vpon two other Inlets, which vpon -our search we found to pierce not farre into the -Land, the fourth and most Westerly was the -best, which we rowed vp ten or twelue miles.</p> - -<p>In all these places we found no people, but -signes of fires where they had beene. Howbeit we -beheld very goodly Groues and Woods replenished -with tall Okes, Beeches, Pine-trees, Firre-trees,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_55"></a>[55]</span> -Hasels, Wich-hasels and Maples. We saw -here also sundry sorts of Beasts, as Stags, Deere, -Beares, Wolues, Foxes, Lusernes, and Dogges -with sharpe noses. But meeting with no Sassafras, -we left these places with all the foresaid -Ilands, <span class="sidenote"><i>Cape Neddock Nubble</i></span>shaping our course for <em>Sauage Rocke</em> discouered -the yeere before by Captaine <em>Gosnold</em>, -where going vpon the Mayne we found people, -with whom we had no long conuersation, -because here also we could find no Sassafras. -Departing hence we bare into that great Gulfe -which Captaine <em>Gosnold</em> ouer-shot the yeere before, -coasting and finding people on the North -side thereof. Not yet satisfied in our expectation, -we left them and sailed ouer, and came to -an Anchor on the South side in the latitude of -41. degrees and odde minute: where we went -on Land in a certaine Bay, <span class="sidenote"><i>Plymouth Harbour</i></span>which we called -<em>Whitson Bay</em>, by the name of the Worshipfull -Master <em>Iohn Whitson</em> then Maior of the Citie -of <em>Bristoll</em>, and one of the chiefe Aduenturers, -and finding a pleasant Hill thereunto adioyning, -wee called it <em>Mount Aldworth</em>, for Master <em>Robert -Aldworths</em> sake a chiefe furtherer of the Voyage, -as well with his Purse as with his trauell. Here -we had sufficient quantitie of Sassafras.</p> - -<p>At our going on shore, vpon view of the -people and sight of the place, wee thought it -conuenient to make a small baricado to keepe -diligent watch and ward in, for the aduertizement<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_56"></a>[56]</span> -and succour of our men, while they should -worke in the Woods. During our abode on -shore, the people of the Countrey came to our -men sometimes ten, twentie, fortie or threescore, -and at one time one hundred and twentie -at once. We vsed them kindly, and gaue them -diuers sorts of our meanest Merchandize. They -did eat Pease and Beanes with our men. Their -owne victuals were most of fish.</p> - -<p>We had a youth in our company that could -play vpon a Gitterne, in whose homely Musicke -they tooke great delight, and would giue -him many things, as Tobacco, Tobacco-pipes, -Snakes skinnes of sixe foot long, which they -vse for Girdles, Fawnes skinnes, and such like, -and danced twentie in a Ring, and the Gitterne -in the middest of them, vsing many Sauage -gestures, singing <em>lo, la, lo, la, la, lo</em>: him that -first brake the ring, the rest would knocke and -cry out vpon. Some few of them had plates -of Brasse a foot long, and halfe a foote broad -before their breasts. Their weapons are Bowes -of fiue or sixe foot long of Wich-hasell, painted -blacke and yellow, the strings of three twists -of sinewes, bigger then our Bow-strings. Their -Arrowes are of a yard and an handfull long not -made of Reeds, but of a fine light wood very -smooth and round with three long and deepe -blacke feathers of some Eagle, Vulture, or Kite, -as closely fastened with some binding matter, as<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_57"></a>[57]</span> -any Fletcher of ours can glue them on. Their -Quiuers are full a yard long, made of long -dried Rushes wrought about two handfuls broad -aboue, and one handfull beneath with prettie -workes and compartiments, Diamant wise of -red and other colours.</p> - -<p>We carried with vs from <em>Bristoll</em> two excellent -Mastiues, of whom the <em>Indians</em> were more -afraid, then of twentie of our men. One of -these Mastiues would carrie a halfe Pike in -his mouth. And one Master <em>Thomas Bridges</em> a -Gentleman of our company accompanied only -with one of these Dogs, and passed sixe miles -alone in the Countrey hauing lost his fellowes, -and returned safely. And when we would be -rid of the Sauages company wee would let loose -the Mastiues, and suddenly with out-cryes they -would flee away. These people in colour are -inclined to a swart, tawnie, or Chestnut colour, -not by nature but accidentally, and doe weare -their haire brayded in foure parts, and trussed -vp about their heads with a small knot behind: -in which haire of theirs they sticke many feathers -and toyes for brauerie and pleasure. They -couer their priuities only with a piece of leather -drawne betwixt their twists and fastened to -their Girdles behind and before: whereunto -they hang their bags of Tobacco. They seeme -to bee somewhat iealous of their women, for we -saw not past two of them, who weare Aprons<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_58"></a>[58]</span> -of Leather skins before them downe to the -knees, and a Beares skinne like an <em>Irish</em> Mantle -ouer one shoulder. The men are of stature somewhat -taller then our ordinary people, strong, -swift, well proportioned, and giuen to treacherie, -as in the end we perceiued.</p> - -<p>Their Boats, whereof we brought one to -<em>Bristoll</em>, were in proportion like a Wherrie of -the Riuer of <em>Thames</em>, seuenteene foot long and -foure foot broad, made of the Barke of a Birch-tree, -farre exceeding in bignesse those of <em>England</em>: -it was sowed together with strong and -tough Oziers or twigs, and the seames couered -ouer with Rozen or Turpentine little inferiour -in sweetnesse to Frankincense, as we made triall -by burning a little thereof on the coales at -sundry times after our coming home: it was -also open like a Wherrie, and sharpe at both -ends, sauing that the beake was a little bending -roundly vpward. And though it carried nine -men standing vpright, yet it weighed not at -the most aboue sixtie pounds in weight, a thing -almost incredible in regard of the largenesse -and capacitie thereof. Their Oares were flat at -the end like an Ouen peele, made of Ash or -Maple very light and strong, about two yards -long, wherewith they row very swiftly: Passing -vp a Riuer we saw certaine Cottages together, -abandoned by the Sauages, and not farre off -we beheld their Gardens and one among the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_59"></a>[59]</span> -rest of an Acre of ground, and in the same was -sowne Tobacco, Pompions, Cowcumbers and -such like; and some of the people had Maiz or -<em>Indian</em> Wheate among them. In the fields we -found wild Pease, Strawberries very faire and -bigge, Gooseberries, Raspices, Hurts, and other -wild fruits.</p> - -<p>Hauing spent three Weeks vpon the Coast -before we came to this place where we meant -to stay and take in our lading, according to our -instructions giuen vs in charge before our setting -forth, we pared and digged vp the Earth -with shouels, and sowed Wheate, Barley, Oates, -Pease, and sundry sorts of Garden Seeds, which -for the time of our abode there, being about -seuen Weeks, although they were late sowne, -came vp very well, giuing certaine testimonie -of the goodnesse of the Climate and of the -Soyle. And it seemeth that Oade, Hempe, -Flaxe, Rape-seed and such like which require a -rich and fat ground, would prosper excellently -in these parts. For in diuers places here we -found grasse aboue knee deepe.</p> - -<p>As for Trees the Country yeeldeth Sassafras -a plant of souereigne vertue for the <em>French</em> -Poxe, and as some of late haue learnedly written -good against the Plague and many other -Maladies; Vines, Cedars, Okes, Ashes, Beeches, -Birch trees, Cherie trees bearing fruit whereof -wee did eate, Hasels, Wich-hasels, the best<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_60"></a>[60]</span> -wood of all other to make Sope-ashes withall, -Walnut-trees, Maples, holy to make Bird-lime -with, and a kinde of tree bearing a fruit like a -small red Peare-plum with a crowne or knop -on the top (a plant whereof carefully wrapped -vp in earth, Master <em>Robert Salterne</em> brought to -Bristoll.) We found also low trees bearing faire -Cheries. There were likewise a white kind -of Plums which were growne to their perfect -ripenesse. With diuers other sorts of trees to -vs vnknowne.</p> - -<p>The Beasts here are Stags, fallow Deere in -abundance, Beares, Wolues, Foxes, Lusernes, and -(some say) Tygres, Porcupines, and Dogges with -sharpe and long noses, with many other sorts -of wild beasts, whose Cases and Furres being -hereafter purchased by exchange may yeeld no -smal gaine to vs. Since as we are certainly informed, -the <em>Frenchmen</em> brought from <em>Canada</em> the -value of thirtie thousand Crownes in the yeare -1604. Almost in Beuers and Otters skinnes -only. The most vsuall Fowles are Eagles, Vultures, -Hawkes, Cranes, Herons, Crowes, Gulls, -and great store of other Riuer and Sea-fowles. -And as the Land is full of Gods good blessings, -so is the Sea replenished with great abundance -of excellent fish, as Cods sufficient to lade many -ships, which we found vpon the Coast in the -moneth of Iune, Seales to make Oile withall, -Mullets, Turbuts, Mackerels, Herrings, Crabs,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_61"></a>[61]</span> -Lobsters, Creuises and Muscles with ragged -Pearles in them.</p> - -<p>By the end of Iuly we had laded our small -Barke called the Discouerer, <span class="sidenote"><i>July</i></span>with as much Sassafras -as we thought sufficient, and sent her home -into <em>England</em> before, to giue some speedie contentment -to the Aduenturers; who arriued safely -in <em>Kingrode</em> aboue a fortnight before vs. After -their departure we so bestirred our selues, that -our shippe also had gotten in her lading, during -which time there fell out this accident. On a -day about noone tide while our men which vsed -to cut down Sassafras in the Woods were asleepe, -as they vsed to doe for two houres in the heat -of the day, there came downe about seuen score -Sauages armed with their Bowes and Arrowes, -and enuironed our House or Barricado, wherein -were foure of our men alone with their Muskets -to keepe Centinell, whom they sought to haue -come downe vnto them, which they vtterly -refused, and stood vpon their guard. Our Master -likewise being very carefull and circumspect -hauing not past two with him in the shippe put -the same in the best defence he could, lest they -should haue inuaded the same, and caused a -piece of great Ordnance to bee shot off, to giue -terrour to the <em>Indians</em>, and warning to our men -which were fast asleepe in the Woods: at the -noyse of which Peece they were a little awaked, -and beganne a little to call for <em>Foole</em> and <em>Gallant</em>,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_62"></a>[62]</span> -their great and fearefull Mastiues, and full quietly -laid themselues downe againe, but beeing -quickned vp eftsoones againe with a second shot -they rowsed vp themselues, betooke them to -their weapons and with their Mastiues, great -<em>Foole</em> with an halfe Pike in his mouth drew -downe to their ship: whom when the <em>Indians</em> -beheld afarre off, with the Mastiue which they -most feared, in dissembling manner they turned -all to a iest and sport, and departed away in -friendly manner: yet not long after, euen the -day before our departure, they set fire on the -Woods where wee wrought, which wee did -behold to burne for a mile space, and the very -same day that wee weighed Anchor, they came -downe to the shoare in greater number, to wit, -very neere two hundred by our estimation, and -some of them came in their Boates to our ship, -and would haue had vs come in againe: but -we sent them backe, and would none of their -entertainment.</p> - -<p>About the eighth or ninth of August, <span class="sidenote"><i>August</i></span>wee -left this excellent Hauen at the entrance whereof -we found twentie fathomes water, and rode -at our ease in seuen fathomes being Land-locked, -the Hauen winding in compasse like the shell -of a Snaile, and it is in latitude of one and forty -degrees and fiue and twentie minutes.</p> - -<p>This by the way is not to be forgotten, that -our Captaine fell so much to the Northward<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_63"></a>[63]</span> -because he would find high grounds, where -commonly the best Hauens are: which also -fell out to his expectation. We also obserued -that we could find no Sassafras but in sandie -ground. In our returne we brought our selues -into the latitude of eight and thirtie degrees -about the <em>Açores</em> for certaine causes, and within -fiue weekes space came from our Port of <em>Virginia</em>, -into the Soundings of <em>England</em>, but there -being long encountred with Easterly winds, we -came at length into <em>Kingrode</em>, the second of -October 1603. The Discouerer was out fiue -moneths and an halfe. The <i>Speedwell</i> was out -sixe moneths vpon the Voyage.</p> - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_64"></a>[64]</span><br /> - <span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_65"></a>[65]</span><br /></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<hr class="fulla" /> -<hr class="fulla" /> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="Samuel_de_Champlain"> -<span class="antiqua fs135">Samuel de Champlain</span><br /> -<span class="lsp2">1605</span><br /> -MAINE AND -MASSACHUSETTS</h2> -</div> - -<hr class="fulla" /> -<hr class="fulla" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_66"></a>[66]</span></p> - - -<div class="chapter blockquot"> - -<p class="noindent"><span class="smcap">Samuel de Champlain</span> <em>first demonstrated his talents -as an observer of unfamiliar regions during a two years’ -trip through the West Indies and to the City of Mexico. -His report on these travels doubtless commended him to -the French king, who appointed him in 1603 to accompany -an expedition which visited the St. Lawrence in -search of a suitable location for a settlement. The following -year Champlain made another voyage to America -with Sieur de Monts, who attempted to plant a colony -in Nova Scotia. The location proving unsatisfactory, -Champlain made three voyages toward the west, hoping -to find a place more to his liking. In September, 1604, -he visited Mount Desert, and sailed up the Penobscot as -far as Bangor. In the summer of 1605 he sailed along -the Maine and Massachusetts coasts as far as Nauset -harbour on the outer shores of Cape Cod. In 1606 he -continued his explorations, visiting Gloucester harbour, -then crossing to Cape Cod, and following the coast around -to Vineyard Sound.</em></p> - -<p><em>Champlain made careful notes of all his observations, -drawing maps and sketches of all important points. His -reports were afterwards written out and sent home to -France, where they were printed, the volumes going -through several editions. An English translation of -Champlain’s writings, by Dr. Charles P. Otis, with -editorial notes by the Rev. E. F. Slafter, was issued -in 1878 by the Prince Society of Boston, by whose courtesy -that translation of chapters vii, viii, and ix of -Champlain’s “Voyages,” printed at Paris in 1613, is -now reprinted with some verbal changes.</em></p> -</div> - - -<div class="chapter"></div> -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i066" style="max-width: 37.5em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i066.jpg" alt="" /> - <div class="caption"><em>Champlain’s Map of the Mouth of the Kennebec</em></div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_67"></a>[67]</span><br /></p> - -<div class="chapter"></div> -<div class="bbox"> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i067" style="max-width: 37.5em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i067.jpg" alt="(Decorative banner)" /> -</div> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<div class="blockquot fs135"> - -<p class="negin1"> -<span class="smcap">Discovery</span> of the Coast of -the <em>Almouchiquois</em> as far as -the Forty-Second Degree -of Latitude, and Details of -this Voyage.</p> -</div> -</div> - -<p class="drop-cap">ON the 18th of the month of June, -1605, <span class="sidenote"><i>1605 June</i></span>Sieur de Monts set out from -the Island of St. Croix with some -gentlemen, twenty sailors, and a savage named -Panounias, together with his wife, whom he -was unwilling to leave behind. These we took, -in order to serve us as guides to the country of -the Almouchiquois, in the hope of exploring -and learning more particularly by their aid -what the character of this country was, especially -since she was a native of it.</p> - -<p>Coasting along inside of Manan, <span class="sidenote"><i>Manan Island</i></span>an island -three leagues from the main land, we came to -the Ranges on the seaward side, at one of which -we anchored, where there was a large number -of crows, of which our men captured a great -many, and we called it the Isle aux Corneilles. -Thence we went to the Island of Monts Deserts, -<span class="sidenote"><i>Mount Desert</i></span>at the entrance of the river Norumbegue,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_68"></a>[68]</span> -as I have before stated, and sailed five or six -leagues among many islands. <span class="sidenote"><i>Mouth of Penobscot River</i></span>Here there came -to us three savages in a canoe from Bedabedec -Point, where their captain was; and, after we -had had some conversation with them, they -returned the same day.</p> - -<p>On Friday, the 1st of July, <span class="sidenote"><i>July</i></span>we set out from -one of the islands at the mouth of the river, -where there is a very good harbour for vessels -of a hundred or a hundred and fifty tons. This -day we made some twenty-five leagues between -Bedabedec Point and many islands and rocks, -which we explored as far as the river Quinibequy, <span class="sidenote"><i>Kennebec River</i></span> -at the mouth of which is a very high -island, which we called the Tortoise. <span class="sidenote"><i>Seguin Island</i></span>Between -the latter and the main land there are some -scattering rocks, which are covered at full tide, -although the sea is then seen to break over -them. Tortoise Island and the river lie south-south-east -and north-north-west. As you enter, -there are two medium-sized islands forming the -entrance, one on one side, the other on the -other; and some three hundred paces farther -in are two rocks, where there is no wood, but -some little grass. We anchored three hundred -paces from the entrance in five and six fathoms -of water. While in this place, we were overtaken -by fogs, on account of which we resolved -to enter, in order to see the upper part of the -river and the savages who live there; and we set<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_69"></a>[69]</span> -out for this purpose on the 5th of the month. -Having made some leagues, our barque came -near being lost on a rock which we grazed in -passing. Further on, <span class="sidenote"><i>Back River</i></span>we met two canoes which -had come to hunt birds, which for the most -part are moulting at this season, and cannot -fly. We addressed these savages by aid of our -own, who went to them with his wife, who -made them understand the reason of our coming. -We made friends with them and with the -savages of this river, who served us as guides. -Proceeding farther, in order to see their captain, -named Manthoumermer, we passed, after -we had gone seven or eight leagues, by some -islands, straits, and brooks, <span class="sidenote"><i>Hockamock Bay</i></span>which extend along -the river, where we saw some fine meadows. -After we had coasted along an island some four -leagues in length, <span class="sidenote"><i>Westport Island</i></span>they conducted us to where -their chief was with twenty-five or thirty savages, -who as soon as we had anchored, <span class="sidenote"><i>Wiscasset Harbour</i></span>came to -us in a canoe, separated a short distance from -ten others, in which were those who accompanied -him. Coming near our barque, he made -an harangue, in which he expressed the pleasure -it gave him to see us, and said that he desired -to form an alliance with us and to make -peace with his enemies through our mediation. -He said that, on the next day, he would send -to two other captains of savages, who were in -the interior, one called Marchin, and the other<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_70"></a>[70]</span> -Sasinou, chief of the river Quinibequy. Sieur -de Monts gave them some cakes and peas, with -which they were greatly pleased. The next day -they guided us down the river another way than -that by which we had come, in order to go to -a lake; and, passing by some islands, they left, -each one of them, an arrow near a cape, <span class="sidenote"><i>Hockamock Point</i></span>where -all the savages pass, and they believe that if they -should not do this some misfortune would befall -them, according to the persuasions of the -devil. They live in such superstitions, and practice -many others of the same sort. Beyond this -cape we passed a very narrow waterfall, <span class="sidenote"><i>Hell Gate</i></span>but not -without great difficulty; for, although we had -a favorable and fresh wind, and trimmed our -sails to receive it as well as possible, in order to -see whether we could not pass it in that way, we -were obliged to attach a hawser to some trees -on shore and all pull on it. In this way, by -means of our arms, together with the help of -the wind, which was favourable to us, we succeeded -in passing it. The savages who were with -us carried their canoes by land, being unable -to row them. After going over this fall, we saw -some fine meadows. I was greatly surprised by -this fall, since as we descended with the tide we -found it in our favour, but contrary to us when -we came to the fall. But, after we had passed -it, it descended as before, which gave us great -satisfaction. Pursuing our route, we came to<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_71"></a>[71]</span> -the lake, <span class="sidenote"><i>Merrymeeting Bay</i></span>which is from three to four leagues -in length, where there are some islands, and -two rivers enter it, the Quinibequy coming -from the north-north-east, and the other from -the north-west, <span class="sidenote"><i>Kennebec and Androscoggin Rivers</i></span>whence Marchin and Sasinou -were to come. Having awaited them all this -day, and seeing that they did not come, we -resolved to improve our time. We weighed -anchor accordingly, and there accompanied us -two savages from this lake to serve as guides. -The same day we anchored at the mouth of -the river, where we caught a large number of -excellent fish of various sorts. Meanwhile, our -savages went hunting, but did not return. The -route by which we descended this river is much -safer and better than that by which we went up. -Tortoise Island before the mouth of this river -is in latitude 44°; and 19° 12′ of the deflection -of the magnetic needle. <span class="sidenote"><i>Real latitude 43° 42′ 25″</i></span>They go by this river -across the country to Quebec some fifty leagues, -making only one portage of two leagues. After -the portage, you enter another little stream <span class="sidenote"><i>Chaudière River</i></span> -which flows into the great river St. Lawrence. -This river Quinibequy is very dangerous for vessels -half a league from its mouth, on account of -the small amount of water, great tides, rocks -and shoals that are there outside as well as -within. But it has a good channel, if it were -well marked out. The little of the country -which I have seen, along the shores of the river,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_72"></a>[72]</span> -is very poor, for there are only rocks on all sides. -There are a great many small oaks, and very -little arable land. This place abounds in fish, -as do the other rivers which I have mentioned. -The people live like those in the neighbourhood -of our settlement; and they told us that -the savages who plant the Indian corn dwelt -very far in the interior, and that they had given -up planting it on the coasts on account of the -war they had with others, who came and took -it away. This is what I have been able to learn -about this region, which I think is no better -than the others.</p> - -<p>On the 8th of the month, we set out from -the mouth of this river, which we could not -do sooner on account of the fogs. We made -that day some four leagues, and passed a bay, <span class="sidenote"><i>Casco Bay</i></span> -where there are a great many islands. From -here large mountains are seen to the west, <span class="sidenote"><i>White Mountains</i></span>in -which is the dwelling-place of a savage captain -called Aneda, who encamps near the river -Quinibequy. I was satisfied from this name -that it was one of his tribe that had discovered -the plant called Aneda, which Jacques Cartier -said was so powerful against the malady called -scurvy, of which we have already spoken, which -harassed his company as well as our own, when -they wintered in Canada. The savages have -no knowledge whatever of this plant, and are -not aware of its existence, although the above-mentioned<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_73"></a>[73]</span> -savage has the same name. The -following day we made eight leagues. As we -passed along the coast, we perceived two columns -of smoke which some savages made to -attract our attention. We went in the direction -of them and anchored behind a small island -near the main land, <span class="sidenote"><i>Prout’s Neck</i></span>where we saw more than -eighty savages running along the shore to see -us, dancing and giving expression to their joy. -Sieur de Monts sent two men together with our -savage to visit them. After they had spoken -some time with them, and assured them of -our friendship, we left with them one of our -number, and they delivered to us one of their -companions as a hostage. Meanwhile, Sieur -de Monts visited an island, <span class="sidenote"><i>Richmond Island</i></span>which is very beautiful -in view of what it produces; for it has -fine oaks and nut-trees, the soil cleared up, and -many vineyards bearing beautiful grapes in their -season, which were the first we had seen on all -these coasts from the Cap de la Hève. We -named it Isle de Bacchus. It being full tide, -we weighed anchor and entered a little river, -which we could not sooner do; <span class="sidenote"><i>Saco River</i></span>for there is a -bar, there being at low tide only half a fathom -of water, at full tide a fathom and a half, and -at the highest water two fathoms. On the other -side of the bar there are three, four, five, and -six fathoms. When we had anchored, a large -number of savages came to us on the bank of<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_74"></a>[74]</span> -the river, and began to dance. Their captain, -whom they called Honemechin, was not with -them at the time. He arrived about two or -three hours later with two canoes, when he -came sweeping entirely round our barque. Our -savage could understand only a few words, as -the language of the Almouchiquois (as this -nation is called) differs entirely from that of -the Souriquois and Etechemins. These people -gave signs of being greatly pleased. Their -chief had a good figure, was young and agile. -We sent some articles of merchandise on shore -to barter with them; but they had nothing -but their robes to give in exchange, for they -preserve only such furs as they need for their -garments. Sieur de Monts ordered some provisions -to be given to their chief, with which he -was greatly pleased, and came several times to -the side of our boat to see us. These savages -shave off the hair far up on the head, and wear -what remains very long, which they comb and -twist behind in various ways very neatly, intertwined -with feathers which they attach to the -head. They paint their faces black and red, like -the other savages which we have seen. They -are an agile people, with well-formed bodies. -Their weapons are pikes, clubs, bows and arrows, -at the end of which some attach the tail -of a fish called the signoc, others bones, while -the arrows of others are entirely of wood. They<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_75"></a>[75]</span> -till and cultivate the soil, something which we -have not hitherto observed. In the place of -ploughs, they use an instrument of very hard -wood, shaped like a spade. This river is called -by the inhabitants of the country Choüacoet.</p> - -<p>The next day Sieur de Monts and I landed -to observe their tillage on the bank of the river. -We saw their Indian corn, which they raise in -gardens. Planting three or four kernels in one -place, they then heap up about it a quantity of -earth with shells of the signoc before mentioned. -Then three feet distant they plant as -much more, and thus in succession. With this -corn they put in each hill three or four Brazilian -beans, which are of different colours. When -they grow up, they interlace with the corn, -which reaches to the height of from five to six -feet. They keep the ground very free from -weeds. We saw there many squashes, and pumpkins, -and tobacco, which they likewise cultivate.</p> - -<p>The Indian corn which we saw was at that -time about two feet high, some of it as high -as three. The beans were beginning to flower, -as also the pumpkins and squashes. They plant -their corn in May, and gather it in September.</p> - -<p>We saw also a great many white nuts, which -are small and have several divisions. There -were as yet none on the trees, but we found -plenty under them, from the preceding year. -We saw also many grape-vines, on which there<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_76"></a>[76]</span> -was a remarkably fine berry, from which we -made some very good verjuice. We had heretofore -seen grapes only on the Island of Bacchus, -distant nearly two leagues from this river. Their -permanent abode, the tillage, and the fine trees -led us to conclude that the air here is milder -and better than that where we passed the winter, -and at the other places we visited on the -coast. But I cannot believe that there is not -here a considerable degree of cold, although -it is in latitude 43° 45′. The forests in the -interior are very thin, although abounding in -oaks, beeches, ashes, and elms; in wet places -there are many willows. The savages dwell permanently -in this place, and have a large cabin -surrounded by palisades made of rather large -trees placed by the side of each other, in which -they take refuge when their enemies make war -upon them. They cover their cabins with oak -bark. This place is very pleasant, and as agreeable -as any to be seen. The river is very abundant -in fish, and is bordered by meadows. At -the mouth there is a small island <span class="sidenote"><i>Ram Island</i></span>adapted for -the construction of a good fortress, where one -could be in security.</p> - -<p>On Sunday, the 12th of the month, we set -out from the river Choüacoet. After coasting -along some six or seven leagues, a contrary -wind arose, which obliged us to anchor and -go ashore, <span class="sidenote"><i>Wells Neck</i></span>where we saw two meadows, each a<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_77"></a>[77]</span> -league in length and half a league in breadth. -We saw there two savages, whom at first we -took to be the great birds called bustards, to -be found in this country; who, as soon as they -caught sight of us, took flight into the woods, -and were not seen again. From Choüacoet to -this place, where we saw some little birds, which -sing like blackbirds, and are black excepting -the ends of the wings, which are orange-coloured, -there is a large number of grape-vines -and nut-trees. This coast is sandy, for the most -part, all the way from Quinibequy. This day -we returned two or three leagues towards Choüacoet, -as far as a cape which we called Island -Harbour, <span class="sidenote"><i>Cape Porpoise</i></span>favourable for vessels of a hundred -tons, about which are three islands. Heading -north-east a quarter north, one can enter another -harbour near this place, to which there is -no approach, although there are islands, except -the one where you enter. At the entrance there -are some dangerous reefs. There are in these -islands so many red currants that one sees for -the most part nothing else, and an infinite number -of pigeons, of which we took a great quantity. -This Island Harbour is in latitude 43° 25′.</p> - -<p>On the 15th of the month we made twelve -leagues. Coasting along, we perceived a smoke -on the shore, which we approached as near as -possible, but saw no savage, which led us to -believe that they had fled. The sun set, and we<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_78"></a>[78]</span> -could find no harbour for that night, since the -coast was flat and sandy. Keeping off, and heading -south, in order to find an anchorage, after -proceeding about two leagues, we observed a -cape on the main land south a quarter south-east -of us, some six leagues distant. <span class="sidenote"><i>Cape Anne</i></span>Two leagues to -the east we saw three or four rather high islands, <span class="sidenote"><i>Isles of Shoals</i></span> -and on the west a large bay. The shore of this -bay, reaching as far as the cape, extends inland -from where we were perhaps four leagues. It -has a breadth of two leagues from north to -south, and three at its entrance. Not observing -any place favourable for putting in, we resolved -to go to the cape above mentioned with short -sail, which occupied a portion of the night. -Approaching to where there were sixteen fathoms -of water, we anchored until daybreak.</p> - -<p>On the next day we went to the above-mentioned -cape, where there are three islands near -the main land, full of wood of different kinds, -as at Choüacoet and all along the coast; and -still another flat one, where there are breakers, -and which extends a little farther out to sea -than the others, on which there is no wood at -all. We named this place Island Cape, near -which we saw a canoe containing five or six -savages, who came out near our barque, and -then went back and danced on the beach. Sieur -de Monts sent me on shore to observe them, -and to give each one of them a knife and some<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_79"></a>[79]</span> -biscuit, which caused them to dance again better -than before. This over, I made them understand, -as well as I could, that I desired them -to show me the course of the shore. After I had -drawn with a crayon the bay, and the Island -Cape, where we were, with the same crayon -they drew the outline of another bay, which -they represented as very large; here they placed -six pebbles at equal distances apart, giving me -to understand by this that these signs represented -as many chiefs and tribes. Then they -drew within the first mentioned bay a river -which we had passed, <span class="sidenote"><i>Merrimac River</i></span>which has shoals and is -very long. We found in this place a great many -vines, the green grapes on which were a little -larger than peas, also many nut-trees, the nuts -on which were no larger than musket-balls. -The savages told us that all those inhabiting -this country cultivated the land and sowed seeds -like the others, whom we had before seen. The -latitude of this place is 43° and some minutes. -Sailing half a league farther, we observed several -savages on a rocky point, who ran along -the shore to their companions, dancing as they -went, to inform them of our coming. After -pointing out to us the direction of their abode, -they made a signal with smoke to show us the -place of their settlement. We anchored near a -little island, <span class="sidenote"><i>Thatcher’s Island</i></span>and sent our canoe with knives and -cakes for the savages. From the large number<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_80"></a>[80]</span> -of those we saw, we concluded that these places -were better inhabited than the others we had -seen.</p> - -<p>After a stay of some two hours for the sake of -observing these people, whose canoes are made -of birch bark, like those of the Canadians, Souriquois, -and Etechemins, we weighed anchor -and set sail with a promise of fine weather. -Continuing our course to the west-south-west, -we saw numerous islands on one side and the -other. Having sailed seven or eight leagues, we -anchored near an island, <span class="sidenote"><i>Boston Harbour</i></span>whence we observed -many smokes along the shore, and many savages -running up to see us. Sieur de Monts sent two -or three men in a canoe to them, to whom he -gave some knives and paternosters to present to -them; with which they were greatly pleased, -and danced several times in acknowledgment. -We could not ascertain the name of their chief, -as we did not know their language. All along -the shore there is a great deal of land cleared -up and planted with Indian corn. The country -is very pleasant and agreeable, and there is -no lack of fine trees. The canoes of those who -live there are made of a single piece, and are -very liable to turn over if one is not skilful in -managing them. We had not before seen any -of this kind. They are made in the following -manner. After cutting down, at a cost of much -labour and time, the largest and tallest tree they<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_81"></a>[81]</span> -can find, by means of stone hatchets (for they -have no others except some few which they -received from the savages on the coasts of La -Cadie, who obtained them in exchange for furs), -they remove the bark, and round off the tree -except on one side, where they apply fire gradually -along its entire length; and sometimes -they put red-hot pebble-stones on top. When -the fire is too fierce, they extinguish it with a -little water, not entirely, but so that the edge -of the boat may not be burnt. It being hollowed -out as much as they wish, they scrape -it all over with stones, which they use instead -of knives. These stones resemble our musket -flints.</p> - -<p>On the next day, the 17th of the month, we -weighed anchor to go to a cape we had seen the -day before, which seemed to lie on our south-south-west. -This day we were able to make -only five leagues, and we passed by some islands -covered with wood. I observed in the bay all -that the savages had described to me at Island -Cape. As we continued our course, large numbers -came to us in canoes from the islands and -main land. We anchored a league from a cape, -which we named St. Louis, <span class="sidenote"><i>Brant Rock Point</i></span>where we noticed -smoke in several places. While in the act of -going there, our barque grounded on a rock, -where we were in great danger, for, if we had -not speedily got it off, it would have overturned<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_82"></a>[82]</span> -in the sea, since the tide was falling all -around, and there were five or six fathoms of -water. But God preserved us, and we anchored -near the above-named cape, when there came -to us fifteen or sixteen canoes of savages. In -some of them there were fifteen or sixteen, who -began to manifest great signs of joy, and made -various harangues, which we could not in the -least understand. Sieur de Monts sent three or -four men on shore in our canoe, not only to -get water, but to see their chief, whose name -was Honabetha. The latter had a number of -knives and other trifles, which Sieur de Monts -gave him, when he came alongside to see us, -together with some of his companions, who -were present both along the shore and in their -canoes. We received the chief very cordially, -and made him welcome; who, after remaining -some time, went back. Those whom we had -sent to them brought us some little squashes -as big as the fist, which we ate as a salad, like -cucumbers, and which we found very good. -They brought also some purslane, which grows -in large quantities among the Indian corn, and -of which they make no more account than of -weeds. We saw here a great many little houses, -scattered over the fields where they plant their -Indian corn.</p> - -<p>There is, moreover, in this bay a very broad -river, which we named River du Guast. <span class="sidenote"><i>Charles River</i></span>It<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_83"></a>[83]</span> -stretches, as it seemed to me, towards the Iroquois, -a nation in open warfare with the Montagnais, -who live on the great river St. Lawrence.</p> - - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i083" style="max-width: 37.5em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i083.jpg" alt="(Decorative separator)" /> -</div> - -<p class="negin1 fs120">Continuation of the Discoveries along -the Coast of the Almouchiquois, and -what we observed in detail.</p> - - -<p class="drop-cap">THE next day we doubled Cap St. -Louis, so named by Sieur de Monts, -a land rather low, and in latitude -42° 45′. The same day we sailed two leagues -along a sandy coast, as we passed along which -we saw a great many cabins and gardens. The -wind being contrary, we entered a little bay to -await a time favourable for proceeding. <span class="sidenote"><i>Plymouth Harbour</i></span>There -came to us two or three canoes, which had just -been fishing for cod and other fish, which are -found there in large numbers. These they catch -with hooks made of a piece of wood, to which -they attach a bone in the shape of a spear, and -fasten it very securely. The whole has a fang-shape, -and the line attached to it is made out -of the bark of a tree. They gave me one of -their hooks, which I took as a curiosity. In it -the bone was fastened on by hemp, like that in -France, as it seemed to me, and they told me<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_84"></a>[84]</span> -that they gathered this plant without being -obliged to cultivate it; and indicated that it -grew to the height of four or five feet. This -canoe went back on shore to give notice to -their fellow inhabitants, who caused columns -of smoke to arise on our account. We saw -eighteen or twenty savages, who came to the -shore and began to dance. Our canoe landed -in order to give them some bagatelles, at which -they were greatly pleased. Some of them came -to us and begged us to go to their river. We -weighed anchor to do so, but were unable to -enter on account of the small amount of water, -it being low tide, and were accordingly obliged -to anchor at the mouth. I went ashore, where -I saw many others, who received us very cordially. -I made also an examination of the river, -but saw only an arm of water extending a short -distance inland, where the land is only in part -cleared up. Running into this is merely a brook -not deep enough for boats except at full tide. -The circuit of the bay is about a league. On -one side of the entrance to this bay there is a -point which is almost an island, covered with -wood, principally pines, with sand-banks, which -are very extensive, all about. On the other side, -the land is high. There are two islets in this -bay, which are not seen until one has entered, -and around which it is almost entirely dry at -low tide. This place is very conspicuous from<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_85"></a>[85]</span> -the sea, for the coast is very low, excepting the -cape at the entrance to the bay. We named it -the Port du Cap St. Louis, distant two leagues -from the above cape, and ten from the Island -Cape. It is in about the same latitude as Cap -St. Louis.</p> - -<p>On the 19th of the month, we set out from -this place. Coasting along in a southerly direction, -we sailed four or five leagues, and passed -near a rock on a level with the surface of the -water. As we continued our course, we saw -some land which seemed to us to be islands, -but as we came nearer we found it to be the -main land, lying to the north-north-west of us, -and that it was the cape of a large bay, containing -more than eighteen or nineteen leagues in -circuit, into which we had run so far that we -had to wear off on the other tack in order to -double the cape which we had seen. <span class="sidenote"><i>Cape Cod</i></span>The latter -we named Cap Blanc, since it consisted of sands -and downs which had a white appearance. A -favourable wind was of great assistance to us -here, for otherwise we should have been in danger -of being driven upon the coast. This bay is -very safe, provided the land be not approached -nearer than a good league, there being no islands -nor rocks except that just mentioned, which is -near a river that extends some distance inland, -which we named St. Suzanne du Cap Blanc, <span class="sidenote"><i>Wellfleet Harbour</i></span> -whence across to Cap St. Louis the distance is<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_86"></a>[86]</span> -ten leagues. Cap Blanc is a point of sand, which -bends around towards the south some six leagues. -This coast is rather high, and consists of sand, -which is very conspicuous as one comes from -the sea. At a distance of some fifteen or eighteen -leagues from land, the depth of the water -is thirty, forty, and fifty fathoms, but only ten -on nearing the shore, which is unobstructed. -There is a large extent of open country along -the shore before reaching the woods, which are -very attractive and beautiful. We anchored off -the coast, and saw some savages, towards whom -four of our company proceeded. Making their -way upon a sand-bank, they observed something -like a bay, and cabins bordering it on all sides. -When they were about a league and a half from -us, there came to them a savage dancing all over, -as they expressed it. He had come down from -the high shore, but turned about shortly after -to inform his fellow inhabitants of our arrival.</p> - -<p>The next day, the 20th of the month, we -went to the place which our men had seen, -and which we found a very dangerous harbour <span class="sidenote"><i>Nauset Harbour</i></span> -in consequence of the shoals and banks, where -we saw breakers in all directions. It was almost -low tide when we entered, and there were only -four feet of water in the northern passage; at -high tide, there are two fathoms. After we had -entered, we found the place very spacious, being -perhaps three or four leagues in circuit, entirely<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_87"></a>[87]</span> -surrounded by little houses, around each one -of which there was as much land as the occupant -needed for his support. A small river enters -here, which is very pretty, and in which at -low tide there are some three and a half feet -of water. There are also two or three brooks -bordered by meadows. It would be a very fine -place, if the harbour were good. I took the -altitude, and found the latitude 42°, and the deflection -of the magnetic needle 18° 40′. Many -savages, men and women, visited us, and ran -up on all sides dancing. We named this place -Port de Mallebarre.</p> - -<p>The next day, the 21st of the month, Sieur -de Monts determined to go and see their habitations. -Nine or ten of us accompanied him -with our arms; the rest remained to guard the -barque. We went about a league along the -coast. Before reaching their cabins, we entered -a field planted with Indian corn in the manner -before described. The corn was in flower, -and five and a half feet high. There was some -less advanced, which they plant later. We saw -many Brazilian beans, and many squashes of various -sizes, very good for eating; some tobacco, -and roots which they cultivate, the latter having -the taste of an artichoke. The woods are filled -with oaks, nut-trees, and beautiful cypresses, -which are of a reddish colour and have a very -pleasant odour. There were also several fields<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_88"></a>[88]</span> -entirely uncultivated, the land being allowed -to remain fallow. When they wish to plant it, -they set fire to the weeds, and then work it over -with their wooden spades. Their cabins are -round, and covered with heavy thatch made of -reeds. In the roof there is an opening of about -a foot and a half, whence the smoke from the -fire passes out. We asked them if they had their -permanent abode in this place, and whether -there was much snow. But we were unable to -ascertain this fully from them, not understanding -their language, although they made an attempt -to inform us by signs, by taking some -sand in their hands, spreading it out over the -ground, and indicating that it was of the colour -of our collars, and that it reached the depth of -a foot. Others made signs that there was less, -and gave us to understand also that the harbour -never froze; but we were unable to ascertain -whether the snow lasted long. I conclude, -however, that this region is of moderate temperature, -and the winter not severe. While we -were there, there was a north-east storm, which -lasted four days; the sky being so overcast that -the sun hardly shone at all. It was very cold, -and we were obliged to put on our great-coats, -which we had entirely left off. Yet I think the -cold was accidental, as it is often experienced -elsewhere out of season.</p> - -<p>On the 23d of July, four or five seamen<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_89"></a>[89]</span> -having gone on shore with some kettles to get -fresh water, which was to be found in one of -the sand-banks a short distance from our barque, -some of the savages, coveting them, watched -the time when our men went to the spring, and -then seized one out of the hands of a sailor, who -was the first to dip, and who had no weapons. -One of his companions, starting to run after -him, soon returned, as he could not catch him, -since he ran much faster than himself. The -other savages, of whom there were a large number, -seeing our sailors running to our barque, and -at the same time shouting to us to fire at them, -took to flight. At the time there were some -of them in our barque, who threw themselves -into the sea, only one of whom we were able -to seize. Those on the land who had taken to -flight, seeing them swimming, returned straight -to the sailor from whom they had taken away -the kettle, hurled several arrows at him from -behind, and brought him down. Seeing this, -they ran at once to him, and despatched him -with their knives. Meanwhile, haste was made -to go on shore, and muskets were fired from -our barque: mine, bursting in my hands, came -near killing me. The savages, hearing this discharge -of fire-arms, took to flight, and with -redoubled speed when they saw that we had -landed, for they were afraid when they saw us -running after them. There was no likelihood<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_90"></a>[90]</span> -of our catching them, for they are as swift as -horses. We brought in the murdered man, and -he was buried some hours later. Meanwhile, -we kept the prisoner bound by the feet and -hands on board of our barque, fearing that he -might escape. But Sieur de Monts resolved to -let him go, being persuaded that he was not to -blame, and that he had no previous knowledge -of what had transpired, as also those who, at the -time, were in and about our barque. Some hours -later there came some savages to us, to excuse -themselves, indicating by signs and demonstrations -that it was not they who had committed -this malicious act, but others farther off in the -interior. We did not wish to harm them, although -it was in our power to avenge ourselves.</p> - -<p>All these savages from the Island Cape wear -neither robes nor furs, except very rarely: moreover, -their robes are made of grasses and hemp, -scarcely covering the body, and coming down -only to their thighs. They have only the private -parts concealed with a small piece of leather; so -likewise the women, with whom it comes down -a little lower behind than with the men, all the -rest of the body being naked. Whenever the -women came to see us, they wore robes which -were open in front. The men cut off the hair -on the top of the head like those at the river -Choüacoet. I saw, among other things, a girl -with her hair very neatly dressed, with a skin<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_91"></a>[91]</span> -coloured red, and bordered on the upper part -with little shell-beads. A part of her hair hung -down behind, the rest being braided in various -ways. These people paint the face red, black, -and yellow. They have scarcely any beard, and -tear it out as fast as it grows. Their bodies -are well-proportioned. I cannot tell what government -they have, but I think that in this -respect they resemble their neighbours, who -have none at all. They know not how to worship -or pray; yet, like the other savages, they -have some superstitions, which I shall describe -in their place. As for weapons, they have only -pikes, clubs, bows and arrows. It would seem -from their appearance that they have a good -disposition, better than those of the north, but -they are all in fact of no great worth. Even a -slight intercourse with them gives you at once -a knowledge of them. They are great thieves -and, if they cannot lay hold of any thing with -their hands, they try to do so with their feet, -as we have oftentimes learned by experience. -I am of opinion that, if they had any thing to -exchange with us, they would not give themselves -to thieving. They bartered away to us -their bows, arrows and quivers, for pins and -buttons; and if they had had any thing else -better they would have done the same with it. -It is necessary to be on one’s guard against this -people, and live in a state of distrust of them,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_92"></a>[92]</span> -yet without letting them perceive it. They gave -us a large quantity of tobacco, which they dry -and then reduce to powder. When they eat -Indian corn, they boil it in earthen pots, which -they make in a way different from ours. They -pound it also in wooden mortars and reduce it -to flour, of which they then make cakes, like -the Indians of Peru.</p> - -<p>In this place and along the whole coast from -Quinibequy, there are a great many <em>siguenocs</em>, <span class="sidenote"><i>Horseshoe Crab</i></span> -which is a fish with a shell on its back like -the tortoise, yet different, there being in the -middle a row of little prickles, of the colour of -a dead leaf, like the rest of the fish. At the -end of this shell, there is another still smaller, -bordered by very sharp points. The length of -the tail varies according to their size. With -the end of it, these people point their arrows, -and it contains also a row of prickles like the -large shell in which are the eyes. There are -eight small feet like those of the crab, and two -behind longer and flatter, which they use in -swimming. There are also in front two other -very small ones with which they eat. When -walking, all the feet are concealed excepting -the two hindermost, which are slightly visible. -Under the small shell there are membranes -which swell up, and beat like the throat of a -frog, and rest upon each other like the folds of -a waistcoat. The largest specimen of this fish<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_93"></a>[93]</span> -that I saw was a foot broad, and a foot and a -half long.</p> - -<p>We saw also a sea-bird with a black beak, -the upper part slightly aquiline, four inches long -and in the form of a lancet; namely, the lower -part representing the handle and the upper the -blade, which is thin, sharp on both sides, and -shorter by a third than the other, which circumstance -is a matter of astonishment to many -persons, who cannot comprehend how it is possible -for this bird to eat with such a beak. It -is of the size of a pigeon, the wings being very -long in proportion to the body, the tail short, -as also the legs, which are red; the feet being -small and flat. The plumage on the upper part is -gray-brown, and on the under part pure white. -They go always in flocks along the sea-shore, -like the pigeons with us.</p> - -<p>The savages, along all these coasts where -we have been, say that other birds, which are -very large, come along when their corn is ripe. -They imitated for us their cry, which resembles -that of the turkey. They showed us their feathers -in several places, with which they feather -their arrows, and which they put on their heads -for decoration; and also a kind of hair which -they have under the throat like those we have -in France, and they say that a red crest falls over -upon the beak. According to their description, -they are as large as a bustard, which is a kind<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_94"></a>[94]</span> -of goose, having the neck longer and twice as -large as those with us. All these indications -led us to conclude that they were turkeys. We -should have been very glad to see some of these -birds, as well as their feathers, for the sake of -greater certainty. Before seeing their feathers, -and the little bunch of hair which they have -under the throat, and hearing their cry imitated, -I should have thought that they were -certain birds like turkeys, which are found in -some places in Peru, along the sea-shore, eating -carrion and other dead things like crows. -But these are not so large; nor do they have so -long a wattle, or a cry like that of real turkeys; -nor are they good to eat like those which the -Indians say come in flocks in summer, and at -the beginning of winter go away to warmer -countries, their natural dwelling-place.</p> - - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i094" style="max-width: 37.5em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i094.jpg" alt="(Decorative separator)" /> -</div> - -<p class="negin1 fs120">Return from the Discoveries along the -Coast of the Almouchiquois.</p> - - -<p class="drop-cap">WE had spent more than five weeks in -going over three degrees of latitude, -and our voyage was limited to six, -since we had not taken provisions for a longer -time. In consequence of fogs and storms, we -had not been able to go farther than Mallebarre,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_95"></a>[95]</span> -where we waited several days for fair weather, -in order to sail. Finding ourselves accordingly -pressed by the scantiness of provisions, Sieur de -Monts determined to return to the Island of -St. Croix, in order to find another place more -favourable for our settlement, as we had not -been able to do on any of the coasts which we -had explored on this voyage.</p> - -<p>Accordingly, on the 25th of July, we set -out from this harbour, in order to make observations -elsewhere. In going out, we came near -being lost on the bar at the entrance, from the -mistake of our pilots, Cramolet and Champdoré, -masters of the barque, who had imperfectly -marked out the entrance of the channel -on the southern side, where we were to go. -Having escaped this danger, we headed north-east -for six leagues, until we reached Cap Blanc, -sailing on from there to Island Cape, a distance -of fifteen leagues, with the same wind. Then -we headed east-north-east sixteen leagues, as far -as Choüacoet, where we saw the savage chief, -Marchin, whom we had expected to see at the -Lake Quinibequy. He had the reputation of -being one of the valiant ones of his people. He -had a fine appearance: all his motions were -dignified, savage as he was. Sieur de Monts -gave him many presents, with which he was -greatly pleased; and, in return, Marchin gave -him a young Etechemin boy, whom he had<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_96"></a>[96]</span> -captured in war, and whom we took away with -us; and thus we set out, mutually good friends. -We headed north-east a quarter east for fifteen -leagues, as far as Quinibequy, where we arrived -on the 29th of the month, and where we -were expecting to find a savage, named Sasinou, -of whom I spoke before. Thinking that he -would come, we waited some time for him, -in order to recover from him an Etechemin -young man and girl, whom he was holding as -prisoners. While waiting, there came to us a -captain called Anassou, who trafficked a little in -furs, and with whom we made an alliance. <span class="sidenote"><i>Waymouth in the Archangel</i></span>He -told us that there was a ship, ten leagues off -the harbour, which was engaged in fishing, and -that those on her had killed five savages of this -river, under cover of friendship. From his description -of the men on the vessel, we concluded -that they were English, and we named the Island -where they were La Nef; <span class="sidenote"><i>Monhegan</i></span>for, at a distance, -it had the appearance of a ship. Finding that -the above-mentioned Sasinou did not come, we -headed east-south-east, for twenty leagues, to -Isle Haute, where we anchored until morning.</p> - -<p>On the next day, the 1st of August, <span class="sidenote"><i>August</i></span>we sailed -east some twenty leagues to Cap Corneille, -where we spent the night. <span class="sidenote"><i>Machias Bay</i></span>On the 2d of the -month, we sailed north-east seven leagues to -the mouth of the river St. Croix, on the western -shore. Having anchored between the two first<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_97"></a>[97]</span> -islands, <span class="sidenote"><i>Campobello and Eastport</i></span>Sieur de Monts embarked in a canoe, -at a distance of six leagues from the settlement -of St. Croix, where we arrived the next day -with our barque. We found there Sieur des -Antons of St. Malo, who had come in one of -the vessels of Sieur de Monts, to bring provisions -and also other supplies for those who were to -winter in this country.</p> - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_98"></a>[98]</span><br /> - <span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_99"></a>[99]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<hr class="fulla" /> -<hr class="fulla" /> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="George_Waymouth"> -<span class="antiqua fs135">George Waymouth</span><br /> -<span class="lsp2">1605</span><br /> -ST. GEORGE’S RIVER</h2> -</div> - -<hr class="fulla" /> -<hr class="fulla" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_100"></a>[100]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter blockquot"> - -<p class="noindent"><span class="smcap">George Waymouth</span> <em>was sent to the Maine coast in -1605 to select a location for a settlement. His employers, -the Earl of Southampton and Thomas Arundell, -had some definite purpose in mind, but their plans were -never fulfilled, and nothing is now known regarding their -intentions. Hon. James Phinney Baxter, in his life of -Sir Ferdinando Gorges, published at Portland in 1890, -suggested that Arundell, who was a papal count, may -have had some scheme for establishing a colony in which -Roman Catholic Englishmen might find a refuge in case -of a renewal of persecution in England. A document in -the Roman archives shows that a Catholic priest accompanied -Waymouth’s ship. He may have been the James -Rosier who wrote an account of the voyage, which was -printed at London shortly after the return.</em></p> -</div> - - -<div class="chapter"></div> -<div class="figcenter illowp75" id="i100" style="max-width: 30em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i100.jpg" alt="" /> - <div class="caption"><em>Second English Book relating to New England</em></div> - -<div class="p1 chapter fs80"> -A<br /> -TRVE RELATION<br /> -of the most prosperous voyage<br /> -<em>made this present yeere 1605</em>,<br /> -by Captaine <em>George Waymouth</em>,<br /> -in the Discouery of the land<br /> -of <em>Virginia</em>.<br /> -<br /> -Where he discouered 60 miles vp<br /> -a most excellent Riuer; together<br /> -with a most<br /> -fertile land.<br /> -<br /> -<em>Written by</em> <span class="smcap">Iames Rosier</span>,<br /> -<em>a Gentleman employed<br /> -in the voyage.</em><br /> -<br /> -LONDINI<br /> -<em>Impensis</em> <span class="smcap">Geor. Bishop</span>.<br /> -1605. -</div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_101"></a>[101]</span><br /></p> - -<div class="chapter"></div> -<div class="bbox"> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i101" style="max-width: 37.5em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i101.jpg" alt="(Decorative banner)" /> -</div> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<div class="blockquot fs135"> - -<p class="negin1"> -A TRUE RELATION -of Captaine <span class="smcap">George Waymouth</span> -his Voyage, made -this present yeere 1605; in -the Discouerie of the North -part of <em>Virginia</em>.</p> -</div> -</div> - -<p class="drop-cap">VPON Tuesday the 5 day of March, <span class="sidenote"><i>1605 March</i></span> -about ten a clocke afore noone, we -set saile from Ratcliffe, and came to -an anker that tide about two a clocke before -Grauesend.</p> - -<p>From thence the 10 of March being Sunday -at night we ankered in the Downes: and there -rode til the next day about three a clocke after -noone, when with a scant winde we set saile; and -by reason the winde continued Southwardly, -we were beaten vp and doune: but on Saturday -the 16 day about foure a clocke after noon -we put into Dartmouth Hauen, where the continuance -of the winde at South & Southwest -constrained vs to ride till the last of this moneth. -There we shipped some of our men and supplied -necessaries for our Ship and Voyage.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_102"></a>[102]</span></p> - -<p>Upon Easter day, being the last of March, the -winde comming at North-North-East, about -fiue a clocke after noone we wayed anker, and -put to sea. In the name of God, being well -victualled and furnished with munition and all -necessaries: Our whole Company being but 29 -persons; of whom I may boldly say, few voyages -have beene manned forth with better Sea-men -generally in respect of our small number.</p> - -<p>Munday the next day, being the first of Aprill, <span class="sidenote"><i>April</i></span> -by sixe a clocke in the morning we were sixe -leagues South-South-East from the Lizarde.</p> - -<p>At two a clocke in the afternoone this day, -the weather being very faire, our Captaine for -his owne experience and others with him sounded, -and had sixe and fiftie fathoms and a halfe. -The sounding was some small blacke perrie -sand, some reddish sand, a match or two, with -small shels called Saint James his Shels.</p> - -<p>The foureteenth of Aprill being Sunday, betweene -nine and ten of the clocke in the morning -our Captaine descried the Iland Cueruo: -which bare South-West and by West, about -seuen leagues from vs: by eleuen of the clocke -we descried Flores to the Southward of Cueruo, -as it lieth: by foure a clocke in the afternoone -we brought Cueruo due South from vs within -two leagues of the shore, but we touched not, -because the winde was faire, and we thought -our selues sufficiently watered and wooded.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_103"></a>[103]</span></p> - -<p>Heere our Captaine obserued the Sunne, and -found himselfe in the latitude of 40 degrees -and 7 minutes: so he judged the North part -of Cueruo to be in 40 degrees. After we had -kept our course about a hundred leagues from -the Ilands, by continuall Southerly windes we -were forced and driuen from the Southward, -whither we first intended. And when our Captaine -by long beating saw it was but in vaine to -striue with windes, not knowing Gods purposes -heerein to our further blessing, (which after by -his especiall direction wee found) he thought -best to stand as nigh as he could by the winde -to recouer what land we might first discouer.</p> - -<p>Munday, the 6 of May, <span class="sidenote"><i>May</i></span>being in the latitude -of 39 and a halfe about ten a clocke afore -noone, we came to a riplin, which we discerned -a head our ship, which is a breach of water -caused either by a fall, or by some meeting of -currents, which we judged this to be; for the -weather being very faire, and a small gale of -winde, we sounded and found no ground in a -hundred fathoms.</p> - -<p>Munday, the 13 of May, about eleuen a -clocke afore noone, our Captaine, judging we -were not farre from land, sounded, and had a -soft oaze in a hundred and sixty fathomes. At -fowre a clocke after noone we sounded againe, -and had the same oaze in a hundred fathoms.</p> - -<p>From ten a clocke that night till three a<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_104"></a>[104]</span> -clocke in the morning, our Captaine tooke in -all sailes and lay at hull, being desirous to fall -with the land in the day time, because it was an -unknowen coast, which it pleased God in his -mercy to grant vs, otherwise we had run our -ship vpon the hidden rockes and perished all. -For when we set saile we sounded in 100 fathoms: -and by eight a clock, hauing not made -aboue fiue or six leagues, our Captaine vpon a -sudden change of water (supposing verily he saw -the sand) presently sounded, and had but fiue -fathoms. Much maruelling because we saw -no land, he sent one to the top, who thence descried -a whitish sandy cliffe, <span class="sidenote"><i>Sankaty Head</i></span>which bare West-North-West -about six leagues off from vs: but -comming neerer within three or fowre leagues, -we saw many breaches still neerer the land: at -last we espied a great breach a head vs al along -the shore, into which before we should enter, -our Captaine thought best to hoise out his ship -boate and sound it. Which if he had not done, -we had beene in great danger: for he bare vp -the ship, as neere as he durst after the boate: -vntill Thomas Cam, his mate, being in the boat, -called to him to tacke about & stand off, for -in this breach he had very showld water, two -fathoms and lesse vpon rockes, and sometime -they supposed they saw the rocke within three -or fowre foote, whereon the sea made a very -strong breach: which we might discerne (from<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_105"></a>[105]</span> -the top) to run along as we sailed by it 6 or -7 leagues to the Southward. This was in the -latitude of 41 degrees, 20 minuts: wherefore -we were constrained to put backe againe from -the land: and sounding, (the weather being -very faire and a small winde) we found our selues -embaied with continuall showldes and rockes -in a most uncertaine ground, from five or sixe -fathoms, at the next cast of the lead we should -haue 15 & 18 fathoms. Ouer many which we -passed, and God so blessed vs, that we had wind -and weather as faire as poore men in this distresse -could wish: whereby we both perfectly -discerned euery breach, and with the winde -were able to turne, where we saw most hope of -safest passage. Thus we parted from the land, -which we had not so much before desired, and -at the first sight rejoiced, as now we all joifully -praised God, that it had pleased him to deliuer -vs from so imminent danger.</p> - -<p>Heere we found great store of excellent Cod -fish, and saw many Whales, as we had done two -or three daies before.</p> - -<p>We stood off all that night, and the next day -being Wednesday; but the wind still continuing -between the points of South-South-West, -and West-South-West: so as we could not -make any way to the Southward, in regard of -our great want of water and wood (which was -now spent) we much desired land and therefore<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_106"></a>[106]</span> -sought for it, where the wind would best suffer -vs to refresh our selues.</p> - -<p>Thursday, the 16 of May, we stood in directly -with the land, and much maruelled we -descried it not, wherein we found our sea charts -very false, putting land where none is.</p> - -<p>Friday, the 17 of May, about sixe a clocke at -night we descried the land, which bare from vs -North-North-East; but because it blew a great -gale of winde, the sea very high and neere night, -not fit to come vpon an vnknowen coast, we -stood off till two a clocke in the morning, being -Saturday: then standing in with it againe, -we descried it by eight a clocke in the morning, -bearing North-East from vs. It appeared -a meane high land, as we after found it, <span class="sidenote"><i>Monhegan</i></span>being -but an Iland of some six miles in compasse, but -I hope the most fortunate euer yet discouered. -About twelve a clocke that day, we came to -an anker on the North side of this Iland, about -a league from the shore. About two a clocke -our Captaine with twelue men rowed in his ship -boat to the shore, where we made no long stay, -but laded our boat with dry wood of olde trees -vpon the shore side, and returned to our ship, -where we rode that night.</p> - -<p>This Iland is woody, growen with Firre, -Birch, Oke and Beech, as farre as we saw along -the shore; and so likely to be within. On the -verge grow Gooseberries, Strawberries, Wild<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_107"></a>[107]</span> -pease, and Wild rose bushes. The water issued -foorth downe the Rocky cliffes in many places: -and much fowle of diuers kinds breed vpon the -shore and rocks.</p> - -<p>While we were at shore, our men aboord -with a few hooks got aboue thirty great Cods -and Hadocks, which gaue vs a taste of the -great plenty of fish which we found afterward -wheresoeuer we went vpon the coast.</p> - -<p>From hence we might discerne the maine -land from the West-South-West to the East-North-East, -and a great way (as it then seemed, -and as we after found it) vp into the maine we -might discerne very high mountaines, <span class="sidenote"><i>Camden Hills</i></span>though -the maine seemed but low land; which gaue -vs a hope it would please God to direct vs to -the discouerie of some good; although wee -were driuen by winds farre from that place, -whither (both by our direction and desire) we -euer intended to shape the course of our voyage.</p> - -<p>The next day being Whit-Sunday; because -we rode too much open to the sea and windes, -we weyed anker about twelue a clocke, and -came along to the other Ilands more adjoyning -to the maine, and in the rode directly with the -mountaines, about three leagues from the first -Iland where we had ankered.</p> - -<p>When we came neere vnto them (sounding -all along in a good depth) our Captaine manned<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_108"></a>[108]</span> -his ship-boat and sent her before with Thomas -Cam one of his Mates, whom he knew to be of -good experience, to sound & search betweene -the Ilands for a place safe for our shippe to -ride in; <span class="sidenote"><i>St. George’s Islands</i></span>in the meane while we kept aloofe at -sea, hauing giuen them in the boat a token -to weffe in the ship, if he found a conuenient -Harbour; which it pleased God to send vs, farre -beyond our expectation, in a most safe birth -defended from all windes, in an excellent depth -of water for ships of any burthen, in six, seuen, -eight, nine and ten fathoms vpon a clay oaze -very tough.</p> - -<p>We all with great joy praised God for his -vnspeakable goodnesse, who had from so apparent -danger deliuered vs, & directed vs vpon -this day into so secure an Harbour: in remembrance -whereof we named it Pentecost harbor, -we arriuing there that day out of our last -Harbor in England, from whence we set saile -vpon Easterday.</p> - -<p>About foure a clocke, after we were ankered -and well mored, our Captaine with halfe a -dozen of our Company went on shore to seeke -fresh watering, and a conuenient place to set together -a pinnesse, which we brought in pieces -out of England; both which we found very fitting.</p> - -<p>Vpon this Iland, as also vpon the former, we -found (at our first comming to shore) where<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_109"></a>[109]</span> -fire had beene made: and about the place were -very great egge shelles bigger than goose egges, -fish bones, and as we judged, the bones of some -beast.</p> - -<p>Here we espied Cranes stalking on the shore -of a little Iland adjoyning; where we after saw -they vsed to breed.</p> - -<p>Whitsun-munday, the 20 day of May, very -early in the morning, our Captaine caused the -pieces of the pinnesse to be carried a shore, -where while some were busied about her, others -digged welles to receiue the fresh water, -which we found issuing downe out of the land -in many places. Heere I cannot omit (for foolish -feare of imputation of flattery) the painfull -industry of our Captaine, who as at sea he is -alwayes most carefull and vigilant, so at land -he refuseth no paines; but his labour was euer -as much or rather more than any mans: which -not only encourageth others with better content, -but also effecteth much with great expedition.</p> - -<p>In digging we found excellent clay for bricke -or tile.</p> - -<p>The next day we finished a well of good and -holesome cleere water in a great empty caske, -which we left there. We cut yards, waste trees, -and many necessaries for our ship, while our -Carpenter and Cooper laboured to fit and furnish -forth the shallop.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_110"></a>[110]</span></p> - -<p>This day our boat went out about a mile -from our ship, and in small time with two -or three hooks was fished sufficiently for our -whole Company three dayes, with great Cod, -Haddocke, and Thornebacke.</p> - -<p>And towards night we drew with a small -net of twenty fathoms very nigh the shore: we -got about thirty very good and great Lobsters, -many Rockfish, some Plaise, and other small -fishes, and fishes called Lumpes, verie pleasant -to the taste: and we generally obserued, that all -the fish, of what kinde soeuer we tooke, were -well fed, fat, and sweet in taste.</p> - -<p>Wednesday, the 22 of May, we felled and -cut wood for our ships vse, cleansed and scoured -our wels, and digged a plot of ground, wherein, -amongst some garden seeds, we sowed peaze -and barley, which in sixteen dayes grew eight -inches aboue ground; and so continued growing -euery day halfe an inch, although this -was but the crust of the ground, and much -inferior to the mould we after found in the -maine.</p> - -<p>Friday, the 24 of May, after we had made an -end of cutting wood, and carying water aboord -our shippe, with fourteene Shot and Pikes we -marched about and thorow part of two of the -Ilands; the bigger of which we judged to be -foure or fiue miles in compasse, and a mile -broad.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_111"></a>[111]</span></p> - -<p>The profits and fruits which are naturally on -these Ilands are these:</p> - -<table class="autotable" summary=""> -<tr> -<td class="tdly"></td> -<td class="tdly">{</td> -<td class="tdly">Rasberries.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdly pad1">All along the shore and</td> -<td class="tdly">{</td> -<td class="tdly">Gooseberries.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdly">some space within, where</td> -<td class="tdly">{</td> -<td class="tdly">Strawberries.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdly">the wood hindereth not,</td> -<td class="tdly">{</td> -<td class="tdly">Roses.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdly">grow plentifully</td> -<td class="tdly">{</td> -<td class="tdly">Currants.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdly"></td> -<td class="tdly">{</td> -<td class="tdly">Wild-Vines.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdly"></td> -<td class="tdly">{</td> -<td class="tdly">Angelica.</td> -</tr> -<tr><td class="tdly"> </td></tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdly"></td> -<td class="tdly">{</td> -<td class="tdly">Birch.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdly"></td> -<td class="tdly">{</td> -<td class="tdly">Beech.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdly"></td> -<td class="tdly">{</td> -<td class="tdly">Ash.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdly pad1">Within the Ilands growe</td> -<td class="tdly">{</td> -<td class="tdly">Maple.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdly">wood of sundry sorts, some</td> -<td class="tdly">{</td> -<td class="tdly">Spruce.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdly">very great, and all tall:</td> -<td class="tdly">{</td> -<td class="tdly">Cherry-tree.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdly"></td> -<td class="tdly">{</td> -<td class="tdly">Yew.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdly"></td> -<td class="tdly">{</td> -<td class="tdly">Oke very great and good.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdly"></td> -<td class="tdly">{</td> -<td class="tdly">Firre-tree,</td> -</tr> -</table> - -<p class="noindent">out of which issueth Turpentine in so maruellous plenty, and -so sweet, as our Chirurgeon and others affirmed -they neuer saw so good in England. We pulled -off much Gumme congealed on the outside of -the barke, which smelled like Frankincense. -This would be a great benefit for making Tarre -and Pitch.</p> - -<p>We stayed the longer in this place, not only -because of our good Harbour (which is an excellent -comfort) but because euery day we did -more and more discouer the pleasant fruitfulnesse; -insomuch as many of our Companie -wished themselues setled heere, not expecting<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_112"></a>[112]</span> -any further hopes, or better discouery to be -made.</p> - -<p>Heere our men found abundance of great -muscels among the rocks; and in some of them -many small Pearls: and in one muscell (which -we drew vp in our net) was found foureteene -Pearles, whereof one of prety bignesse and orient; -in another aboue fiftie small Pearles; and -if we had had a Drag, no doubt we had found -some of great valew, seeing these did certainly -shew, that heere they were bred: the shels all -glistering with mother of Pearle.</p> - -<p>Wednesday, the 29 day, our shallop being -now finished, and our Captaine and men furnished -to depart with hir from the ship: we -set vp a crosse on the shore side vpon the rockes.</p> - -<p>Thursday, the 30 of May, about ten a clock -afore noon, our Captaine with 13 men more, -in the name of God, and with all our praiers -for their prosperous discouerie, and safe returne, -departed in the shallop: leauing the ship in a -good harbour, which before I mentioned, well -mored, and manned with 14 men.</p> - -<p>This day, about fiue a clocke in the afternoone, -we in the shippe espied three Canoas -comming towards vs, which went to the iland -adjoining, where they went a shore, and very -quickly had made a fire, about which they stood -beholding our ship: to whom we made signes -with our hands and hats, weffing vnto them to<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_113"></a>[113]</span> -come vnto vs, because we had not seene any of -the people yet. They sent one Canoa with three -men, one of which, when they came neere vnto -vs, spake in his language very lowd and very -boldly: seeming as though he would know why -we were there, and by pointing with his oare -towards the sea, we conjectured he ment we -should be gone. But when we shewed them -kniues and their vse, by cutting of stickes and -other trifles, as combs and glasses, they came -close aboard our ship, as desirous to entertaine -our friendship. To these we gaue such things -as we perceiued they liked, when wee shewed -them the vse: bracelets, rings, peacocke feathers, -which they stucke in their haire, and Tabacco -pipes. After their departure to their -company on the shore, presently came foure -other in another Canoa: to whom we gaue as -to the former, vsing them with as much kindnes -as we could.</p> - -<p>The shape of their body is very proportionable, -they are wel countenanced, not very tal nor -big, but in stature like to vs: they paint their -bodies with blacke, their faces, some with red, -some with blacke, and some with blew.</p> - -<p>Their clothing is Beauers skins, or Deares -skins, cast ouer them like a mantle, and hanging -downe to their knees, made fast together vpon -the shoulder with leather; some of them had -sleeues, most had none; some had buskins of<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_114"></a>[114]</span> -such leather tewed: they haue besides a peece -of Beauers skin betweene their legs, made fast -about their waste, to couer their priuities.</p> - -<p>They suffer no haire to grow on their faces, -but on their head very long and very blacke, -which those that haue wiues, binde vp behinde -with a leather string, in a long round knot.</p> - -<p>They seemed all very ciuill and merrie: -shewing tokens of much thankefulnesse, for -those things we gaue them. We found them -then (as after) a people of exceeding good inuention, -quicke vnderstanding and readie capacitie.</p> - -<p>Their Canoas are made without any iron, of -the bark of a birch tree, strengthened within -with ribs and hoops of wood, in so good fashion, -with such excellent ingenious art, as they -are able to beare seuen or eight persons, far -exceeding any in the Indies.</p> - -<p>One of their Canoas came not to vs, wherein -we imagined their women were: of whom -they are (as all Saluages) very jealous.</p> - -<p>When I signed unto them they should goe -sleepe, because it was night, they vnderstood -presently, and pointed that at the shore, right -against our ship, they would stay all night: as -they did.</p> - -<p>The next morning very early, came one Canoa -abord vs againe with three Saluages, whom -we easily then enticed into our ship, and vnder -the decke: where we gaue them porke, fish,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_115"></a>[115]</span> -bread and pease, all which they did eat; and -this I noted, they would eat nothing raw, either -fish or flesh. They maruelled much and much -looked vpon the making of our canne and kettle, -so they did at a head-peece and at our guns, of -which they are most fearefull, and would fall -flat downe at the report of them. At their departure -I signed vnto them, that if they would -bring me such skins as they ware I would giue -them kniues, and such things as I saw they most -liked, which the chiefe of them promised to do -by that time the Sunne should be beyond the -middest of the firmament; this I did to bring -them to an vnderstanding of exchange, and that -they might conceiue the intent of our comming -to them to be for no other end.</p> - -<p>About 10 a clocke this day we descried our -Shallop returning toward vs, which so soone -as we espied, we certainly conjectured our Captaine -had found some vnexpected harbour, further -vp towards the maine to bring the ship into, -or some riuer; knowing his determination and -resolution, not so suddenly else to make return: -which when they came neerer they expressed -by shooting volleies of shot; and when they -were come within Musket shot, they gaue vs a -volley and haled vs, then we in the shippe gaue -them a great peece and haled them.</p> - -<p>Thus we welcomed them; who gladded vs -exceedingly with their joifull relation of their<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_116"></a>[116]</span> -happie discouerie, which shall appeare in the -sequele. And we likewise gaue them cause of -mutuall joy with vs, in discoursing of the kinde -ciuility we found in a people, where we little -expected any sparke of humanity.</p> - -<p>Our Captaine had in this small time discouered -vp a great riuer, <span class="sidenote"><i>St. George’s River</i></span>trending alongst into the -maine about forty miles. The pleasantnesse -whereof, with the safety of harbour for shipping, -together with the fertility of ground and -other fruits, which were generally by his whole -company related, I omit, till I report of the -whole discouery therein after performed. For -by the breadth, depth and strong flood, imagining -it to run far vp into the land, he with speed -returned, intending to flanke his light horsman -for arrowes, least it might happen that the further -part of the riuer should be narrow, and by -that meanes subject to the volley of Saluages on -either side out of the woods.</p> - -<p>Vntill his returne, our Captaine left on shore -where he landed in a path (which seemed to -be frequented) a pipe, a brooch and a knife, -thereby to know if the Saluages had recourse -that way, because they could at that time see -none of them, but they were taken away before -our returne thither.</p> - -<p>I returne now to our Saluages, who according -to their appointment about one a clocke, -came with 4 Canoas to the shoare of the iland<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_117"></a>[117]</span> -right ouer against vs, where they had lodged -the last night, and sent one Canoa to vs with -two of those Saluages, who had beene a bord, -and another, who then seemed to haue command -of them; for though we perceiued their -willingnesse, yet he would not permit them -to come abord; but he hauing viewed vs and -our ship, signed that he would go to the rest -of the company and returne againe. Presently -after their departure it began to raine, and continued -all that afternoone, so as they could not -come to vs with their skins and furs, nor we -go to them. But after an howre or there about, -the three which had beene with vs before came -againe, whom we had to our fire and couered -them with our gownes. Our Captaine bestowed -a shirt vpon him, whom we thought to be their -chiefe, who seemed neuer to haue seene any -before; we gaue him a brooch to hang about -his necke, a great knife, and lesser kniues to the -two other, and to euery one of them a combe -and glasse, the vse whereof we shewed them: -whereat they laughed and tooke gladly; we -victualled them, and gaue them aqua vitae, -which they tasted, but would by no meanes -drinke; our beueridge they liked well, we gaue -them Sugar Candy, which after they had tasted -they liked and desired more, and raisons which -were giuen them; and some of euery thing they -would reserue to carry to their company. Wherefore<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_118"></a>[118]</span> -we pittying their being in the raine, and -therefore not able to get themselues victuall (as -we thought) we gaue them bread and fish.</p> - -<p>Thus because we found the land a place answereable -to the intent of our discouery, viz. fit -for any nation to inhabit, we vsed the people -with as great kindnes as we could deuise, or -found them capable of.</p> - -<p>The next day, being Saturday and the first -of June, <span class="sidenote"><i>June</i></span>I traded with the Saluages all the -fore noone vpon the shore, where were eight -and twenty of them: and because our ship rode -nigh, we were but fiue or sixe: where for kniues, -glasses, combes and other trifles to the valew of -foure or fiue shillings, we had 40 good Beauers -skins, Otters skins, Sables, and other small skins, -which we knewe not how to call. Our trade -being ended, many of them came abord vs, -and did eat by our fire, and would be verie -merrie and bold, in regard of our kinde vsage -of them. Towards night our Captaine went on -shore, to haue a draught with the Sein or Net. -And we carried two of them with vs, who -maruelled to see vs catch fish with a net. Most -of that we caught we gaue them and their company. -Then on the shore I learned the names -of diuers things of them: and when they perceiued -me to note them downe, they would of -themselues, fetch fishes, and fruit bushes, and -stand by me to see me write their names.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_119"></a>[119]</span></p> - -<p>Our Captaine shewed them a strange thing -which they woondred at. His sword and mine -hauing beene touched with the Loadstone, tooke -vp a knife, and held it fast when they plucked -it away, made the knife turne, being laid on a -blocke, and touching it with his sword, made -that take vp a needle, whereat they much maruelled. -This we did to cause them to imagine -some great power in vs: and for that to loue -and feare vs.</p> - -<p>When we went on shore to trade with them, -in one of their Canoas I saw their bowes and -arrowes, which I tooke vp and drew an arrow -in one of them, which I found to be of strength -able to carry an arrow fiue or sixe score stronglie; -and one of them tooke it and drew as we -draw our bowes, not like the Indians. Their bow -is made of Wich Hazell, and some of Beech -in fashion much like our bowes, but they want -nocks, onely a string of leather put through a -hole at one end, and made fast with a knot at -the other. Their arrowes are made of the same -wood, some of Ash, big and long, with three -feathers tied on, and nocked very artificiallie: -headed with the long shanke bone of a Deere, -made very sharpe with two fangs in manner of -a harping iron. They haue likewise Darts, -headed with like bone, one of which I darted -among the rockes, and it brake not. These they -vse very cunningly, to kill fish, fowle and beasts.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_120"></a>[120]</span></p> - -<p>Our Captaine had two of them at supper -with vs in his cabbin to see their demeanure, -and had them in presence at seruice: who behaued -themselues very ciuilly, neither laughing -nor talking all the time, and at supper fed not -like men of rude education, neither would they -eat or drinke more than seemed to content -nature; they desired pease to carry a shore to -their women, which we gaue them, with fish -and bread, and lent them pewter dishes, which -they carefully brought againe.</p> - -<p>In the evening another boat came to them -on the shore, and because they had some Tabacco, -which they brought for their owne vse, -the other came for vs, making signe what they -had, and offered to carry some of vs in their -boat, but foure or fiue of vs went with them in -our owne boat: when we came on shore they -gaue vs the best welcome they could, spreading -fallow Deeres skins for vs to sit on the ground -by their fire, and gaue vs of their Tabacco in -our pipes, which was excellent, and so generally -commended of vs all to be as good as any we -euer tooke, being the simple leafe without any -composition, strong, and of sweet taste; they -gaue us some to carry to our Captaine, whom -they called our Bashabes; neither did they require -any thing for it, but we would not receiue -any thing from them without remuneration.</p> - -<p>Heere we saw foure of their women, who<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_121"></a>[121]</span> -stood behind them, as desirous to see vs, but -not willing to be seene; for before, whensoeuer -we came on shore, they retired into the woods, -whether it were in regard of their owne naturall -modestie, being couered only as the men -with the foresaid Beauers skins, or by the commanding -jealousy of their husbands, which we -rather suspected, because it is an inclination -much noted to be in Saluages; wherfore we -would by no meanes seeme to take any speciall -notice of them. They were very well fauoured -in proportion of countenance, though coloured -blacke, low of stature, and fat, bare headed as -the men, wearing their haire long: they had -two little male children of a yeere and half -old, as we judged, very fat and of good countenances, -which they loue tenderly, all naked, -except their legs, which were couered with -thin leather buskins tewed, fastened with strops -to a girdle about their waste, which they girde -very streight, and is decked round about with -little round peeces of red Copper; to these I -gaue chaines and bracelets, glasses, and other -trifles, which the Saluages seemed to accept in -great kindnesse.</p> - -<p>At our comming away, we would haue had -those two that supped with vs, to go abord and -sleepe, as they had promised; but it appeared -their company would not suffer them. Whereat -we might easily perceiue they were much<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_122"></a>[122]</span> -greeued; but not long after our departure, they -came with three more to our ship, signing to -vs, that if one of our company would go lie on -shore with them, they would stay with vs. Then -Owen Griffin (one of the two we were to leaue -in the Country, if we had thought it needfull or -conuenient) went with them in their Canoa, and -3 of them staied aborde vs, whom our whole -company very kindly vsed. Our Captaine saw -their lodging prouided, and them lodged in an -old saile vpon the Orlop; and because they much -feared our dogs, they were tied vp whensoeuer -any of them came abord vs.</p> - -<p>Owen Griffin, which lay on the shore, reported -vnto me their maner, and (as I may terme -them) the ceremonies of their idolatry; which -they performe thus. One among them (the eldest -of the Company, as he judged) riseth right -vp, the other sitting still, and looking about, suddenly -cried with a loud voice, Baugh, Waugh: <span class="sidenote"><i>Powwow</i></span> -then the women fall downe, and lie vpon the -ground, and the men all together answering the -same, fall a stamping round about the fire with -both feet, as hard as they can, making the ground -shake, with sundry out-cries, and change of voice -and sound. Many take the fire-sticks and thrust -them into the earth, and then rest awhile: of -a sudden beginning as before, they continue so -stamping, till the yonger sort fetched from the -shore many stones, of which euery man tooke<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_123"></a>[123]</span> -one, and first beat vpon them with their fire-sticks, -then with the stones beat the earth with -all their strength. And in this maner (as he -reported) they continued aboue two houres.</p> - -<p>After this ended, they which haue wiues take -them apart, and withdraw themselues seuerally -into the wood all night.</p> - -<p>The next morning, <ins class="corr" id="tn-123" title="Transcriber’s Note—Original text: 'assoone as they'"> -as soone as they</ins> saw the -Sunne rise, they pointed to him to come with -them to our shippe: and hauing receiued their -men from vs, they came with fiue or sixe of -their Canoas and Company houering about our -ship; to whom (because it was the Sabbath day) -I signed they should depart, and at the next Sun -rising we would goe along with them to their -houses; which they vnderstood (as we thought) -and departed, some of their Canoas coursing -about the Iland, and the other directly towards -the maine.</p> - -<p>This day, about fiue a clocke after noone, -came three other Canoas from the maine, of -which some had beene with vs before; and they -came aboord vs, and brought vs Tabacco, which -we tooke with them in their pipes, which were -made of earth, very strong, blacke, and short -containing a great quantity: some Tabacco they -gaue vnto our Captaine, and some to me, in very -ciuill kind maner. We requited them with bread -and peaze, which they caried to their Company -on shore, seeming very thankefull. After supper<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_124"></a>[124]</span> -they returned with their Canoa to fetch vs a -shore to take Tabacco with them there: with -whom six or seuen of vs went, and caried some -trifles, if peradventure they had any trucke, -among which I caried some few biskets, to try -if they would exchange for them, seeing they so -well liked to eat them. When we came at shore, -they most kindly entertained vs, taking vs by -the hands, as they had obserued we did to them -aboord, in token of welcome, and brought vs to -sit downe by their fire, where sat together thirteene -of them. They filled their Tabacco pipe, -which was then the short claw of a Lobster, -which will hold ten of our pipes full, and we -dranke of their excellent Tabacco as much as -we would with them; but we saw not any great -quantity to trucke for; and it seemed they had -not much left of old, for they spend a great quantity -yeerely by their continuall drinking: and -they would signe vnto vs, that it was growen yet -but a foot aboue ground, and would be aboue -a yard high, with a leafe as broad as both their -hands. They often would (by pointing to one -part of the maine Eastward) signe vnto vs, that -their Bashabes (that is, their King) had great -plenty of Furres, and much Tabacco. When -we had sufficiently taken Tabacco with them, I -shewed some of our trifles for trade; but they -made signe that they had there nothing to -exchange; for (as I after conceiued) they had<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_125"></a>[125]</span> -beene fishing and fowling, and so came thither -to lodge that night by vs: for when we were -ready to come away, they shewed vs great cups -made very wittily of barke, in forme almost -square, full of a red berry about the bignesse -of a bullis, which they did eat, and gaue vs by -handfuls; of which (though I liked not the -taste) yet I kept some, because I would by no -meanes but accept their kindnesse. They shewed -me likewise a great piece of fish, whereof I -tasted, and it was fat like Porpoise; and another -kinde of great scaly fish, broiled on the coales, -much like white Salmon, which the Frenchmen -call Aloza, <span class="sidenote"><i>Shad</i></span>for these they would haue had -bread; which I refused, because in maner of -exchange, I would alwayes make the greatest -esteeme I could of our commodities whatsoeuer; -although they saw aboord our Captaine -was liberall to giue them, to the end we might -allure them still to frequent vs. Then they -shewed me foure yoong Goslings, for which -they required foure biskets, but I offered them -two; which they tooke and were well content.</p> - -<p>At our departure they made signe, that if any -of vs would stay there on shore, some of them -would go lie aboord vs: at which motion two -of our Company stayed with them, and three -of the Saluages lodged with vs in maner as the -night before.</p> - -<p>Early the next morning, being Munday the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_126"></a>[126]</span> -third of June, when they had brought our -men aboord, they came about our ship, earnestly -by signes desiring that we would go with -them along to the maine, for that there they -had Furres and Tabacco to traffique with vs. -Wherefore our Captaine manned the light-horseman -with as many men as he could well, -which were about fifteene with rowers and all; -and we went along with them. Two of their -Canoas they sent away before, and they which -lay aboord vs all night, kept company with vs -to direct vs.</p> - -<p>This we noted as we went along, they in their -Canoa with three oares, would at their will go -ahead of vs and about vs, when we rowed with -eight oares strong; such was their swiftnesse, -by reason of the lightnesse and artificiall composition -of their Canoa and oares.</p> - -<p>When we came neere the point where we -saw their fires, <span class="sidenote"><i>Pemaquid</i></span>where they intended to land, -and where they imagined some few of vs would -come on shore with our merchandize, as we had -accustomed before; when they had often numbred -our men very diligently, they scoured away -to their Company, not doubting we would haue -followed them. But when we perceiued this, -and knew not either their intents, or number -of Saluages on the shore, our Captaine, after -consultation, stood off, and wefted them to vs, -determining that I should go on shore first to<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_127"></a>[127]</span> -take a view of them, and what they had to traffique: -if he, whom at our first sight of them -seemed to be of most respect among them, and -being then in the Canoa, would stay as a pawne -for me. When they came to vs (notwithstanding -all our former courtesies) he vtterly refused; -but would leaue a yoong Saluage: and for him -our Captaine sent Griffin in their Canoa, while -we lay hulling a little off. Griffin at his returne -reported, thay had there assembled together, as -he numbred them, two hundred eighty three -Saluages, euery one his bowe and arrowes, with -their dogges, and wolues which they keepe tame -at command, and not anything to exchange at -all; but would haue drawen vs further vp into a -little narrow nooke of a riuer, for their Furres, -as they pretended.</p> - -<p>These things considered, we began to joyne -them in the ranke of other Saluages, who haue -beene by trauellers in most discoueries found -very trecherous; neuer attempting mischiefe, -vntill by some remisnesse, fit opportunity affoordeth -them certaine ability to execute the -same. Wherefore after good advice taken, we -determined so soone as we could to take some -of them, least (being suspitious we had discouered -their plots) they should absent themselues -from vs.</p> - -<p>Tuesday, the fourth of June, our men tooke -Cod and Hadocke with hooks by our ship side,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_128"></a>[128]</span> -and Lobsters very great; which before we had -not tried.</p> - -<p>About eight a clocke this day we went on -shore with our boats, to fetch aboord water -and wood, our Captaine leauing word with the -Gunner in the shippe, by discharging a musket, -to giue notice if they espied any Canoa -comming; which they did about ten a clocke. -He therefore being carefull they should be -kindly entreated, requested me to go aboord, -intending with dispatch to make what haste -after he possibly could. When I came to the -ship, there were two Canoas, and in either of -them three Saluages; of whom two were below -at the fire, the other staied in their Canoas -about the ship; and because we could not entice -them abord, we gaue them a Canne of pease -and bread, which they carried to the shore to -eat. But one of them brought backe our Canne -presently and staid abord with the other two; -for he being yoong, of a ready capacity, and -one we most desired to bring with vs into -England, had receiued exceeding kinde vsage at -our hands, and was therefore much delighted -in our company. When our Captaine was come, -we consulted how to catch the other three at -shore which we performed thus.</p> - -<p>We manned the light horseman with 7 or -8 men, one standing before carried our box -of Marchandise, as we were woont when I<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_129"></a>[129]</span> -went to traffique with them, and a platter of -pease, which meat they loued: but before we -were landed, one of them (being too suspitiously -feareful of his owne good) withdrew himselfe -into the wood. The other two met vs on the -shore side, to receiue the pease, with whom we -went vp the Cliffe to their fire and sate downe -with them, and whiles we were discussing how -to catch the third man who was gone, I opened -the box, and shewed them trifles to exchange, -thinking thereby to haue banisht feare from the -other, and drawen him to returne: but when -we could not, we vsed little delay, but suddenly -laid hands vpon them. And it was as much as -fiue or sixe of vs could doe to get them into the -light horseman. For they were strong and so -naked as our best hold was by their long haire -on their heads; and we would haue beene very -loath to haue done them any hurt, which of -necessity we had beene constrained to haue done -if we had attempted them in a multitude, which -we must and would, rather than haue wanted -them, being a matter of great importance for -the full accomplement of our voyage.</p> - -<p>Thus we shipped fiue Saluages, two Canoas, -with all their bowes and arrowes.</p> - -<p>The next day we made an end of getting -our wood aboord, and filled our empty caske -with water.</p> - -<p>Thursday, the 6 of June, we spent in bestowing<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_130"></a>[130]</span> -the Canoas vpon the orlop safe from -hurt, because they were subject to breaking, -which our Captaine was carefull to preuent.</p> - -<p>Saturday the eight of June (our Captaine -being desirous to finish all businesse about this -harbour) very early in the morning, with the -light horseman, coasted fiue or sixe leagues -about the Ilands adjoining, and sounded all -along wheresoeuer we went. He likewise diligently -searched the mouth of the Harbour, and -about the rocks which shew themselues at all -times, and are an excellent breach of the water, -so as no Sea can come in to offend the Harbour. -This he did to instruct himselfe, and thereby -able to direct others that shall happen to come -to this place. For euery where both neere the -rocks, & in all soundings about the Ilands, we -neuer found lesse water than foure and fiue fathoms, -which was seldome; but seuen, eight, nine -and ten fathoms is the continuall sounding by -the shore. In some places much deeper vpon -clay oaze or soft sand: so that if any bound for -this place, should be either driuen or scanted -with winds, he shall be able (with his directions) -to recouer safely his harbour most securely -in water enough by foure seuerall passages, more -than which I thinke no man of judgement will -desire as necessarie.</p> - -<p>Vpon one of the Ilands (because it had a -pleasant sandy Coue for small barks to ride in)<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_131"></a>[131]</span> -we landed, and found hard by the shore a pond -of fresh water, which flowed ouer the banks, -somewhat ouer growen with little shrub trees, -and searching vp in the Iland, we saw it fed -with a strong run, which with small labour, -and little time, might be made to driue a mill. -In this Iland, as in the other, were spruce trees -of excellent timber and height, able to mast -ships of great burthen.</p> - -<p>While we thus sounded from one place to -another in so good deepes, our Captaine to make -some triall of the fishing himselfe, caused a -hooke or two to be cast out at the mouth of the -harbour, not aboue halfe a league from our ship, -where in small time only, with the baits which -they cut from the fish and three hooks, we got -fish enough for our whole Company (though -now augmented) for three daies. Which I omit -not to report, because it sheweth how great a -profit the fishing would be, they being so plentifull, -so great, and so good, with such conuenient -drying as can be wished, neere at hand -vpon the Rocks.</p> - -<p>This day, about one a clocke after noone, -came from the Eastward two Canoas abord vs, -wherein was he that refused to stay with vs for -a pawne, and with him six other Saluages which -we had not seene before, who had beautified -themselues after their manner very gallantly, -though their clothing was not differing from<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_132"></a>[132]</span> -the former, yet they had newly painted their -faces very deep, some all blacke, some red, with -stripes of excellent blew ouer their vpper lips, -nose and chin. One of them ware a kinde of -Coronet about his head, made very cunningly, -of a substance like stiffe haire coloured red, -broad, and more than a handfull in depth, -which we imagined to be some ensigne of his -superioritie; for he so much esteemed it as he -would not for any thing exchange the same. -Other ware the white feathered skins of some -fowle, round about their head, jewels in their -ears, and bracelets of little white round bone, -fastned together vpon a leather string. These -made not any shew that they had notice of the -other before taken, but we vnderstood them by -their speech and signes, that they came sent -from the Bashabes, and that his desire was that -we would bring vp our ship (which they call -as their owne boats, a Quiden) to his house, -being, as they pointed, vpon the main towards -the East, from whence they came, and that he -would exchange with vs for Furres and Tabacco. -But because our Company was but small, -and now our desire was with speed to discouer -vp the river, we let them vnderstand, that if -their Bashabes would come to vs, he should be -welcome, but we would not remoue to him. -Which when they vnderstood (receiuing of vs -bread and fish, and euery of them a knife) they<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_133"></a>[133]</span> -departed; for we had then no will to stay them -long abord, least they should discouer the other -Saluages which we had stowed below.</p> - -<p>Tuesday, the 11 of June, we passed vp into -the riuer with our ship, about six and twenty -miles. Of which I had rather not write, then -by my relation to detract from the worthinesse -thereof. For the Riuer, besides that it is subject -by shipping to bring in all traffiques of -Marchandise, a benefit alwaies accounted the -richest treasury to any land: for which cause -our Thames hath that due denomination, and -France by her nauigable Riuers receiueth hir -greatest wealth; yet this place of it selfe from -God and nature affoordeth as much diuersitie -of good commodities, as any reasonable man -can wish, for present habitation and planting.</p> - -<p>The first and chiefest thing required, is a bold -coast and faire land to fall with; the next, a safe -harbour for ships to ride in.</p> - -<p>The first is a speciall attribute to this shore, -being most free from sands or dangerous rocks -in a continuall good depth, with a most excellent -land-fall, which is the first Iland we fell -with, named by vs, Saint Georges Iland. <span class="sidenote"><i>Monhegan</i></span>For -the second, by judgement of our Captaine, who -knoweth most of the coast of England, and -most of other Countries, (hauing beene experienced -by imployments in discoueries and trauels -from his childhood) and by opinion of others<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_134"></a>[134]</span> -of good judgement in our shippe, heere are more -good harbours for ships of all burthens, than -England can affoord, and far more secure from -all winds and weathers, than any in England, -Scotland, France or Spaine. For besides without -the Riuer in the channell, and sounds about -the ilands adjoining to the mouth thereof, no -better riding can be desired for an infinite number -of ships. The Riuer it selfe as it runneth -vp into the main very nigh forty miles toward -the great mountaines, beareth in bredth a mile, -sometime three quarters, and halfe a mile is -the narrowest, where you shall neuer haue -vnder 4 and 5 fathoms water hard by the shore, -but 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 fathoms all along, and on -both sides euery halfe mile very gallant Coues, -some able to conteine almost a hundred saile, -where the ground is excellent soft oaze with -a tough clay vnder for anker hold, and where -ships may ly without either Cable or Anker, -only mored to the shore with a Hauser.</p> - -<p>It floweth by their judgement eighteen or -twenty foot at high water.</p> - -<p>Heere are made by nature most excellent -places, as Docks to graue or Carine ships of all -burthens; secured from all windes, which is -such a necessary incomparable benefit, that in -few places in England, or in any parts of Christendome, -art, with great charges, can make the -like.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_135"></a>[135]</span></p> - -<p>Besides, the bordering land is a most rich -neighbour trending all along on both sides, -in an equall plaine, neither mountainous nor -rocky, but verged with a greene bordure of -grasse, doth make tender vnto the beholder of -hir pleasant fertility, if by clensing away the -woods she were conuerted into meddow.</p> - -<p>The wood she beareth is not shrubbish fit -only for fewell, but goodly tall Firre, Spruce, -Birch, Beech, Oke, which in many places is -not so thicke, but may with small labour be -made feeding ground, being plentifull like the -outward Ilands with fresh water, which streameth -downe in many places.</p> - -<p>As we passed with a gentle winde vp with -our ship in this Riuer, any man may conceiue -with what admiration we all consented in joy. -Many of our Company who had beene trauellers -in sundry countries, and in the most famous -Riuers, yet affirmed them not comparable to -this they now beheld. Some that were with -Sir Walter Ralegh in his voyage to Guiana, in -the discouery of the Riuer Orenoque, which -echoed fame to the worlds eares, gaue reasons -why it was not to be compared with this, which -wanteth the dangers of many Shoules, and -broken ground, wherewith that was incombred. -Others before that notable Riuer in the West -Indies called Rio Grande; some before the -Riuer of Loyer, the Riuer Seine, and of Burdeaux<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_136"></a>[136]</span> -in France, which although they be great -and goodly Riuers, yet it is no detraction from -them to be accounted inferiour to this, which -not only yeeldeth all the foresaid pleasant profits, -but also appeared infallibly to vs free from -all inconueniences.</p> - -<p>I will not prefer it before our riuer of Thames, -because it is Englands richest treasure; but we -all did wish those excellent Harbours, good -deeps in a continuall conuenient breadth, and -small tide-gates, to be as well therein for our -countries good, as we found thē here (beyond -our hopes) in certaine, for those to whom it -shall please God to grant this land for habitation; -which if it had, with the other inseparable -adherent commodities here to be found; -then I would boldly affirme it to be the most -rich, beautifull, large & secure harbouring riuer -that the world affoordeth.</p> - -<p>Wednesday, the twelfth of June, our Captaine -manned his light-horseman with 17 men, -and ranne vp from the ship riding in the riuer -vp to the codde thereof, <span class="sidenote"><i>A bend or narrow portion</i></span>where we landed, -leauing six to keepe the light-horseman till -our returne. Ten of vs with our shot, and some -armed, with a boy to carry powder and match, -marched vp into the countrey towards the -mountaines, <span class="sidenote"><i>Camden Hills</i></span>which we descried at our first falling -with the land. Vnto some of them the -riuer brought vs so neere, as we judged our<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_137"></a>[137]</span> -selues when we landed to haue beene within -a league of them; but we marched vp about -foure miles in the maine, and passed ouer three -hilles: and because the weather was parching -hot, and our men in their armour not able to -trauel farre and returne that night to our ship, -we resolued not to passe any further, being all -very weary of so tedious and laboursom a trauell.</p> - -<p>In this march we passed ouer very good -ground, pleasant and fertile, fit for pasture, for -the space of some three miles, hauing but little -wood, and that Oke like stands left in our pastures -in England, good and great, fit timber for -any vse. Some small Birch, Hazle and Brake, -which might in small time with few men be -cleansed and made good arable land: but as it -now is will feed cattell of all kindes with fodder -enough for Summer and Winter. The soile is -blacke, bearing sundry hearbs, grasse, and strawberries -bigger than ours in England. In many -places are lowe Thicks like our Copisses of -small yoong wood. And surely it did all resemble -a stately Parke, wherein appeare some -old trees with high withered tops, and other -flourishing with liuing greene boughs. Vpon -the hilles grow notable high timber trees, masts -for ships of 400 tun: and at the bottome of -euery hill, a little run of fresh water; but the -furthest and last we passed, ranne with a great -streame able to driue a mill.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_138"></a>[138]</span></p> - -<p>We might see in some places where fallow -Deere and Hares had beene, and by the rooting -of ground we supposed wilde Hogs had ranged -there, but we could descrie no beast, because -our noise still chased them from vs.</p> - -<p>We were no sooner come aboord our light-horseman, -returning towards our ship, but we -espied a Canoa comming from the further part -of the Cod of the riuer Eastward, which hasted -to vs; wherein, with two others, was he who -refused to stay for a pawne: and his comming -was very earnestly importing to haue one of our -men to go lie on shore with their Bashabes -(who was there on shore, as they signed) and -then the next morning he would come to our -ship with many Furres and Tabacco. This we -perceiued to be only a meere deuice to get -possession of any of our men, to ransome all -those which we had taken, which their naturall -policy could not so shadow, but we did easily -discouer and preuent. These meanes were by -this Saluage practised, because we had one of -his kinsemen prisoner, as we judged by his most -kinde vsage of him being aboord vs together.</p> - -<p>Thursday, the 13 of June, by two a clocke -in the morning (because our Captaine would -take the helpe and aduantage of the tide) in -the light-horseman with our Company well -prouided and furnished with armour and shot -both to defend and offend; we went from our<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_139"></a>[139]</span> -ship vp to that part of the riuer which trended -Westward into the maine, to search that: <span class="sidenote"><i>Thomaston</i></span>and -we carried with vs a Crosse, to erect at that -point, which (because it was not daylight) we -left on the shore vntill our returne backe; when -we set it vp in maner as the former. For this -(by the way) we diligently obserued, that in -no place, either about the Ilands, or vp in the -maine, or alongst the riuer, we could discerne -any token or signe, that euer any Christian had -beene before; of which either by cutting wood, -digging for water, or setting vp Crosses (a thing -neuer omitted by any Christian trauellers) we -should haue perceiued some mention left.</p> - -<p>But to returne to our riuer, further vp into -which we then rowed by estimation twenty -miles, the beauty and goodnesse whereof I can -not by relation sufficiently demonstrate. That -which I can say in generall is this: What profit -or pleasure soeuer is described and truly verified -in the former part of the riuer, is wholly -doubled in this; for the bredth and depth is -such, that any ship drawing 17 or 18 foot water, -might haue passed as farre as we went with our -light-horsman, and by all our mens judgement -much further, because we left it in so good depth -and bredth; which is so much the more to be -esteemed of greater woorth, by how much it -trendeth further vp into the maine: for from -the place of our ships riding in the Harbour at<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_140"></a>[140]</span> -the entrance into the Sound, to the furthest -part we were in this riuer, by our estimation -was not much lesse than threescore miles.</p> - -<p>From ech banke of this riuer are diuers -branching streames into the maine, wherby is -affoorded an vnspeakable profit by the conueniency -of transportation from place to place, -which in some countries is both chargeable; and -not so fit, by cariages on waine, or horse backe.</p> - -<p>Heere we saw great store of fish, some great, -leaping aboue water, which we judged to be -Salmons. All along is an excellent mould of -ground. The wood in most places, especially -on the East side, very thinne, chiefly oke and -some small young birch, bordering low vpon -the riuer; all fit for medow and pasture ground: -and in that space we went, we had on both -sides the riuer many plaine plots of medow, -some of three or foure acres, some of eight -or nine: so as we judged in the whole to be -betweene thirty and forty acres of good grasse, -and where the armes run out into the Maine, -there likewise went a space on both sides of -cleere grasse, how far we know not, in many -places we might see paths made to come downe -to the watering.</p> - -<p>The excellencie of this part of the Riuer, -for his good breadth, depth, and fertile bordering -ground, did so ravish vs all with variety of -pleasantnesse, as we could not tell what to<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_141"></a>[141]</span> -commend, but only admired; some compared -it to the Riuer Seuerne, (but in a higher degree) -and we all concluded (as I verily thinke we -might rightly) that we should neuer see the -like Riuer in every degree equall, vntill it -pleased God we beheld the same againe. For -the farther we went, the more pleasing it was -to euery man, alluring vs still with expectation -of better, so as our men, although they had -with great labour rowed long and eat nothing -(for we carried with vs no victuall, but a little -cheese and bread) yet they were so refreshed -with the pleasant beholding thereof, and so -loath to forsake it, as some of them affirmed, -they would haue continued willingly with that -onely fare and labour 2 daies; but the tide not -suffering vs to make any longer stay (because -we were to come backe with the tide) and our -Captaine better knowing what was fit then we, -and better what they in labour were able to -endure, being verie loath to make any desperate -hazard, where so little necessitie required, -thought it best to make returne, because whither -we had discouered was sufficient to conceiue -that the Riuer ran very far into the land. For -we passed six or seuen miles, altogether fresh -water (whereof we all dranke) forced vp by -the flowing of the Salt: which after a great -while eb, where we left it, by breadth of channell -and depth of water was likely to run by<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_142"></a>[142]</span> -estimation of our whole company an unknowen -way farther: the search whereof our Captaine -hath left till his returne, if it shall so please -God to dispose of him and vs.</p> - -<p>For we hauing now by the direction of the -omnipotent disposer of all good intents (far -beyond the period of our hopes) fallen with so -bold a coast, found so excellent and secure harbour, -for as many ships as any nation professing -Christ is able to set forth to Sea, discouered -a Riuer, which the All-creating God, with his -most liberall hand, hath made aboue report notable -with his foresaid blessings, bordered with a -land, whose pleasant fertility bewraieth it selfe -to be the garden of nature, wherin she only -intended to delight hir selfe, hauing hitherto -obscured it to any, except to a purblind generation, -whose vnderstanding it hath pleased -God so to darken, as they can neither discerne, -vse, or rightly esteeme the vnualuable riches -in middest whereof they live sensually content -with the barke and outward rinds, as neither -knowing the sweetnes of the inward marrow, -nor acknowledging the Deity of the Almighty -giuer: hauing I say thus far proceeded, and -hauing some of the inhabitant nation (of best -vnderstanding we saw among them) who (learning -our language) may be able to giue vs further -instruction, concerning all the premised -particulars, as also of their gouernours, and gouernment,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_143"></a>[143]</span> -situation of townes, and what else shall -be conuenient, which by no meanes otherwise -we could by any obseruation of our selues learne -in a long time: our Captaine now wholy intended -his prouision for speedy returne. For -although the time of yeere and our victuall -were not so spent, but we could haue made a -longer voyage, in searching farther and trading -for very good commodities, yet as they might -haue beene much profitable, so (our company -being small) much more preiudiciall to the -whole state of our voyage, which we were most -regardfull now not to hazard. For we supposing -not a little present priuate profit, but a publique -good, and true zeale of promulgating Gods holy -Church, by planting Christianity, to be the sole -intent of the Honourable setters foorth of this -discouery; thought it generally most expedient, -by our speedy returne, to giue the longer -space of time to make prouision for so weighty -an enterprise.</p> - -<p>Friday, the 14 day of June, early by foure a -clocke in the morning, with the tide, our two -boats, and a little helpe of the winde, we rowed -downe to the riuers mouth and there came to -an anker about eleuen a clocke. Afterward our -Captaine in the light horseman searched the -sounding all about the mouth and comming to -the Riuer, for his certaine instruction of a perfect -description.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_144"></a>[144]</span></p> - -<p>The next day, being Saturday, we wayed anker, -and with a briese from the land, we sailed -vp to our watering place, and there stopped, -went on shore and filled all our empty caske -with fresh water.</p> - -<p>Our Captaine vpon the Rocke in the middest -of the harbour obserued the height, latitude, and -variation exactly vpon his instruments.</p> - -<p class="noindent pad2"> -1 Astrolabe.<br /> -2 Semisphere.<br /> -3 Ringe instrument.<br /> -4 Crosse staffe.<br /> -5 And an excellent compasse made for the variation.<br /> -</p> - -<p>The certainty whereof, together with the -particularities of euery depth and sounding, as -well at our falling with the land, as in the discouery, -and at our departure from the coast; -I refer to his owne relation in the Map of his -Geographicall description, which for the benefit -of others he intendeth most exactly to publish.</p> - -<p>The temperature of the Climate (albeit a very -important matter) I had almost passed without -mentioning, because it affoorded to vs no great -alteration from our disposition in England; -somewhat hotter vp into the Maine, because it -lieth open to the South; the aire so wholesome, -as I suppose not any of vs found our selues at -any time more healthfull, more able to labour, -nor with better stomacks to such good fare, as -we partly brought, and partly found.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_145"></a>[145]</span></p> - -<p>Sunday, the 16 of June, the winde being faire, -and because we had set out of England vpon a -Sunday, made the Ilands vpon a Sunday, and as -we doubt not (by Gods appointment) happily -fell into our harbour vpon a Sunday; so now -(beseeching him still with like prosperity to -blesse our returne into England our country, and -from thence with his good will and pleasure to -hasten our next arriuall there) we waied Anker -and quit the Land vpon a Sunday.</p> - -<p>Tuesday, the 18 day, being not run aboue 30 -leagues from land, and our Captaine for his certaine -knowledge how to fall with the coast, hauing -sounded euery watch, and from 40 fathoms -had come into good deeping, to 70, and so to -an hundred: this day the weather being faire, -after the foure a clocke watch, when we supposed -not to haue found ground so farre from -land, and before sounded in aboue 100 fathoms, -we had ground in 24 fathomes. <span class="sidenote"><i>The Fishing Banks</i></span>Wherefore -our sailes being downe, Thomas King boatswaine, -presently cast out a hooke, and before -he judged it at ground, was fished and haled -vp an exceeding great and well fed Cod: then -there were cast out 3 or 4 more, and the fish -was so plentifull and so great, as when our -Captaine would haue set saile, we all desired -him to suffer them to take fish a while, because -we were so delighted to see them catch so great -fish, so fast as the hooke came down: some<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_146"></a>[146]</span> -with playing with the hooke they tooke by the -backe, and one of the Mates with two hookes -at a lead at fiue draughts together haled vp -tenne fishes; all were generally very great, some -they measured to be fiue foot long, and three -foot about.</p> - -<p>This caused our Captaine not to maruell at -the shoulding, for he perceiued it was a fish -banke, which (for our farewell from the land) -it pleased God in continuance of his blessings -to giue vs knowledge of: the abundant profit -whereof should be alone sufficient cause to draw -men againe, if there were no other good both -in present certaine, and in hope probable to -be discouered. To amplifie this with words, -were to adde light to the Sunne: for euery one -in the shippe could easily account this present -commodity; much more those of judgement, -which knew what belonged to fishing, would -warrant (by the helpe of God) in a short voyage -with few good fishers to make a more profitable -returne from hence than from Newfoundland: -the fish being so much greater, better -fed, and abundant with traine; <span class="sidenote"><i>Cod-liver oil</i></span>of which some -they desired, and did bring into England to -bestow among their friends, and to testifie the -true report.</p> - -<p>After, we kept our course directly for England -& with ordinary winds, and sometime -calmes, vpon Sunday the 14 of July about sixe a<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_147"></a>[147]</span> -clocke at night, we were come into sounding -in our channell, but with darke weather and -contrary winds, we were constrained to beat -vp and downe till Tuesday the 16 of July, when -by fiue a clocke in the morning we made Sylly; -from whence, hindered with calmes and small -winds, vpon Thursday the 18 of July about -foure a clocke after noone, we came into Dartmouth: -which Hauen happily (with Gods gracious -assistance) we made our last and first -Harbour in England.</p> - -<p>Further, I haue thought fit here to adde some -things worthy to be regarded, which we haue -obserued from the Saluages since we tooke -them.</p> - -<p>First, although at the time when we surprised -them, they made their best resistance, not -knowing our purpose, nor what we were, nor -how we meant to vse them; yet after perceiuing -by their kinde vsage we intended them no -harme, they haue neuer since seemed discontented -with vs, but very tractable, louing, & -willing by their best meanes to satisfie vs in any -thing we demand of them, by words or signes -for their vnderstanding: neither haue they at -any time beene at the least discord among themselues; -insomuch as we haue not seene them -angry but merry; and so kinde, as if you giue -any thing to one of them, he will distribute part -to euery one of the rest.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_148"></a>[148]</span></p> - -<p>We haue brought them to vnderstand some -English, and we vnderstand much of their language; -so as we are able to aske them many -things. And this we haue obserued, that if we -shew them any thing, and aske them if they -haue it in their countrey, they will tell you if -they haue it, and the vse of it, the difference -from ours in bignesse, colour, or forme; but if -they haue it not, be it a thing neuer so precious, -they wil denie the knowledge of it.</p> - -<p>They haue names for many starres, which -they will shew in the firmament.</p> - -<p>They shew great reuerence to their King, -and are in great subiection to their Gouernours: -and they will shew a great respect to any we -tell them are our Commanders.</p> - -<p>They shew the maner how they make bread -of their Indian wheat, and how they make butter -and cheese of the milke they haue of the -Rain-Deere and Fallo-Deere, which they haue -tame as we haue Cowes.</p> - -<p>They haue excellent colours. And hauing -seene our Indico, they make shew of it, or of -some other like thing which maketh as good -a blew.</p> - -<p>One especiall thing is their maner of killing -the Whale, which they call Powdawe; and will -describe his forme; how he bloweth vp the -water; and that he is 12 fathoms long; and that -they go in company of their King with a multitude<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_149"></a>[149]</span> -of their boats, and strike him with a bone -made in fashion of a harping iron fastened to -a rope, which they make great and strong of -the barke of trees, which they veare out after -him; then all their boats come about him, and -as he riseth aboue water, with their arrowes -they shoot him to death; when they haue killed -him & dragged him to shore, they call all their -chiefe lords together, & sing a song of joy: and -those chiefe lords, whom they call Sagamos, -divide the spoile, and giue to euery man a share, -which pieces so distributed they hang vp about -their houses for prouision: and when they boile -them, they blow off the fat, and put to their -peaze, maiz, and other pulse, which they eat.</p> - - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i149" style="max-width: 37.5em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i149.jpg" alt="(Decorative separator)" /> -</div> - -<p class="negin1">A briefe Note of what profits we saw the Countrey -yeeld in the small time of our stay there.</p> - -<div class="textcol"> -<p><span class="pad2"><em>Trees.</em></span></p> -<p>Oke of an excellent graine, strait, and great timber.</p> -<p>Elme.</p> -<p>Beech.</p> -<p>Birch, very tall & great; of whose barke they make their Canoas.</p> -<p>Wich-Hazell.</p> -<p>Hazell.</p> -<p>Alder.</p> -<p>Cherry-tree.</p> -<p>Ash.</p> -<p>Maple.</p> -<p>Yew.</p> -<p>Spruce.</p> -<p>Aspe.</p> -<p>Firre.</p> -<p>Many fruit trees, which we knew not.</p> -</div> - -<div class="textcol"> -<p><span class="pad2"><em>Fowles.</em></span></p> -<p>Eagles.</p> -<p>Hernshawes.</p> -<p>Cranes.</p> -<p>Ducks great.</p> -<p>Geese.</p> -<p>Swannes.</p> -<p>Penguins.</p> -<p>Crowes.</p> -<p>Sharks.</p> -<p>Rauens.</p> -<p>Mewes.</p> -<p>Turtle-doues.</p> -<p>Many birds of sundrie colours.</p> -<p>Many other fowls in flocks, vnknown.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_150"></a>[150]</span></p> - -<div class="textcol"> -<p><span class="pad2"><em>Beasts.</em></span></p> -<p>Raine-Deere.</p> -<p>Stagges.</p> -<p>Fallow-Deere.</p> -<p>Beares.</p> -<p>Wolues.</p> -<p>Beauer.</p> -<p>Otter.</p> -<p>Hare.</p> -<p>Cony.</p> -<p>Hedge-Hoggs.</p> -<p>Polcats.</p> -<p>Wilde great Cats.</p> -<p>Dogges: some like Wolues, some like Spaniels.</p> -</div> - -<div class="textcol"> -<p><span class="pad2"><em>Fishes.</em></span></p> -<p>Whales.</p> -<p>Seales.</p> -<p>Cod very great.</p> -<p>Haddocke great.</p> -<p>Herring great.</p> -<p>Plaise.</p> -<p>Thornebacke.</p> -<p>Rockefish.</p> -<p>Lobstar great.</p> -<p>Crabs.</p> -<p>Muscels great, with pearles in them.</p> -<p>Cockles.</p> -<p>Wilks.</p> -<p>Cunner fish.</p> -<p>Lumps.</p> -<p>Whiting.</p> -<p>Soales.</p> -<p>Tortoises.</p> -<p>Oisters.</p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_151"></a>[151]</span></p> - -<div class="textcol"> -<p><span class="pad1"><em>Frvits, Plants, and Herbs.</em></span></p> -<p>Tabacco, excellent sweet and strong.</p> -<p>Wild-Vines.</p> -<p>Strawberries. }</p> -<p>Raspberries. }</p> -<p>Gooseberries. } abundance</p> -<p>Hurtleberries. }</p> -<p>Currant trees. }</p> -<p>Rose-bushes.</p> -<p>Peaze.</p> -</div> - -<div class="textcol"> -<p> </p> -<p>Ground-nuts.</p> -<p>Angelica, a most souerainge herb.</p> -<p>An hearbe that spreadeth the ground, & smelleth -like Sweet Marioram, great plenty.</p> -<p>Very good Dies, which appeare by their painting; -which they carrie with them in bladders.</p> -</div> - -<p>The names of the fiue Saluages which we -brought home into England, which are all yet -aliue, are these.</p> - -<div class="pad4 fs90"> -1. Tahánedo, a Sagamo or Commander. <span class="sidenote"><i>or Nahanada</i></span><br /> -2. Amóret. }<br /> -3. Skicowáros } Gentlemen. <span class="sidenote"><i>or Skidwares</i></span><br /> -4. Maneddo }<br /> -5. Saffacomoit, a seruant.<br /> -</div> - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_152"></a>[152]</span><br /> - <span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_153"></a>[153]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<hr class="fulla" /> -<hr class="fulla" /> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="George_Popham"> -<span class="antiqua fs135">George Popham<br /> -&<br /> -Ralegh Gilbert</span><br /> -<span class="lsp2">1607</span><br /> -KENEBECK RIVER</h2> -</div> - -<hr class="fulla" /> -<hr class="fulla" /> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_154"></a>[154]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter blockquot"> - -<p class="noindent"><span class="smcap">The Popham</span> <em>Colony at Sagadahock, on the western -side of the entrance to the Kenebeck river, was established -by the members of the first Virginia Company, -which was chartered by King James in 1606, who lived -at Plymouth and elsewhere in the west of England. -The London members of the Company made their settlement -at Jamestown. The leader of the Plymouth partners -was Sir Ferdinando Gorges, with whom were -associated members of the Popham and Gilbert families. -They equipped two exploring expeditions in the autumn -of 1606, one of them being under the command of Martin -Pring, whose account of his voyage of 1603 is printed -in this volume. Pring’s report determined the Plymouth -partners to attempt a settlement on the Maine coast. -Two vessels were fitted out and George Popham, a -nephew of the Chief Justice, Sir John Popham, and -Ralegh Gilbert, a son of Sir Humphrey, were placed in -charge of the expedition.</em></p> - -<p><em>The narrative of the voyage was written by one of -the officers, probably the navigator or pilot of Gilbert’s -vessel, the “Mary and John,” whose name may have -been James Davies. This account, which is preserved -in the Library of Lambeth Palace, London, was printed -in the fourth volume of the Gorges Society publications, -Portland, 1892, with notes by the Rev. Henry O. -Thayer. That Society, through Mr. H. W. Bryant of -Portland, has kindly loaned the facsimiles of the drawings -which illustrate the manuscript, for reproduction -in this volume.</em></p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_155"></a>[155]</span><br /></p> - -<div class="chapter"></div> -<div class="bbox"> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i155" style="max-width: 37.5em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i155.jpg" alt="(Decorative banner)" /> -</div> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p class="negin1 fs135">THE RELATION -of a Voyage unto New England. -Began from the <em>Lizard</em>, -y<sup>e</sup> first of June 1607, by Captain -<span class="smcap">Popham</span> in y<sup>e</sup> ship y<sup>e</sup> Gift, -& Captain <span class="smcap">Gilbert</span> in y<sup>e</sup> Mary -& John.</p> - -<p class="noindent pad1 fs120">Written by * * * * * * & found -amongst y<sup>e</sup> Papers of y<sup>e</sup> truly Worshipfull: -Sr. <span class="smcap">Ferdinando Gorges</span>, Kt. -by me <span class="smcap">William Griffith</span>.</p> -</div> -</div> - -<p class="drop-cap">DEPARTED from the Lyzard the firste -daye of June Ano Domi 1607, <span class="sidenote"><ins class="corr" id="tn-155" title="Transcriber’s Note—Original text: '1605 June'"> -<i>1607 June</i></ins></span>beinge -Mundaye about 6 of the Cloke -in the afternoon and ytt bore of me then North-este -and by North eyght Leags of.</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>The firste Daye of Jully beinge Wesdaye wee -depted from the Illand of flowers <span class="sidenote"><i>July Azores</i></span>beinge ten -Leags South weste from ytt.</p> - -<p>From hence we allwayes kept our Course to -the Westward as much as wind & weather<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_156"></a>[156]</span> -woold permytt untill the 27th daye of Jully -duringe which time wee often times Sounded -but could never fynd grounde. this 27th early -in the mornynge we Sounded & had ground -but 18 fetham beinge then in the Lattitud of -43 degrees & ⅔ hear wee fysht three howers -& tooke near to hundred of Cods very great & -large fyshe bigger & larger fyshe then that -which coms from the bancke of the New Found -Land··hear wee myght have lodden our shipe -in Lesse time then a moneth.</p> - -<p>From hence the Wynd beinge att South west -wee sett our Saills & stood by the wind west -nor west towards the Land allwayes Soundinge -for our better knowledg as we ran towarde the -main Land from this bancke.</p> - -<p>From this bancke <span class="sidenote"><i>Sable Bank</i></span>we kept our Course west -nor west 36 Leags which ys from the 27th of -July untill the 30th of July in which tyme we -ran 36 L as ys beffore sayed & then we Saw the -Land about 10 of the Clok in the mornynge -bearinge norweste from us About 10 Leags & -then we Sounded & had a hundred fethams -blacke oze hear as we Cam in towards the Land -from this bancke we still found deepe watter. -the deepest within the bancke ys 160 fethams -& in 100 fetham you shall See the Land yf ytt -be Clear weather after you passe the bancke the -ground ys still black oze untill yo Com near the -shore··this daye wee stood in for the Land but<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_157"></a>[157]</span> -Could nott recover ytt beffor the night tooke -us so we stood a Lyttell from ytt & thear strok -a hull untill the next daye beinge the Laste of -July hear Lyeinge at hull we tooke great stor -of cod fyshes the bigeste & largest that I ever -Saw or any man in our ship. this daye beinge -the Last of July about 3 of the Clok in the -after noon we recouered the shor & cam to an -anker under an Illand <span class="sidenote"><i>Lunenburg or La Heve Nova Scotia</i></span>for all this Cost ys full of -Illands & broken Land but very Sound & good -for shipinge to go by them the watter deepe. -18 & 20 fetham hard abord them.</p> - -<p>This Illand standeth in the lattitud of 44 d & -½ & hear we had nott ben att an anker past to -howers beffore we espyed a bisken <span class="sidenote"><i>Biscayan</i></span>shallop Cominge -towards us havinge in her eyght Sallvages -& a Lyttell salvage boye··they cam near unto -us & spoke unto us in thear Language. & we -makinge Seignes to them that they should com -abord of us showinge unto them knyues glasses -beads & throwinge into thear bott Som bisket -but for all this they wold nott com abord of us -but makinge show to go from us. we suffered -them. So when they wear a Lyttell from us -and Seeinge we proffered them no wronge of -thear owne accord retorned & cam abord of -us & three of them stayed all that nyght with -us the rest departed in the shallope to the shore -makinge Seignes unto us that they wold retorn -unto us aggain the next daye.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_158"></a>[158]</span></p> - -<p>The next daye the Sam Salvages with three -Salvage wemen beinge the fryst daye of Auguste <span class="sidenote"><i>August</i></span> -retorned unto us bringinge with them -Som feow skines of bever in an other bisken -shallop & propheringe thear skines to trook -with us but they demanded ouer muche for -them and we Seemed to make Lyght of them -So then the other three which had stayed with -us all nyght went into the shallop & So they -departed··ytt Seemeth that the french hath trad -with them for they use many french words the -Cheeff Comander of these parts ys called Messamott -& the ryver or harbor ys called emannett -we take these peopell to be the tarentyns -& these peopell as we have Learned sence do -make wars with Sasanoa the Cheeffe Comander -to the westward wheare we have planted & this -Somer they kild his Sonne··So the Salvages departed -from us & cam no mor unto us··After -they wear departed from us we hoyssed out our -bot whearin my Selffe was with 12 others & -rowed to the shore and landed on this Illand -that we rod under the which we found to be a -gallant Illand full of heigh & myghty trees of -Sundry Sorts··hear we allso found aboundance -of gusberyes strawberyes rasberyes & whorts -So we retorned & Cam abord.</p> - -<p>Sondaye beinge the second of Auguste after -dyner our bott went to the shore again to fille -freshe watter whear after they had filled thear<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_159"></a>[159]</span> -watter thear cam fower Salvages unto them -havinge thear bowes & arowes in thear hands -makinge show unto them to have them Com -to the shore but our Saillers havinge filled thear -watter wold nott go to the shore unto them but -retorned & cam abord beinge about 5 of the -Clock in the afternoon··So the bott went presently -from the ship unto a point of an Illand -& thear att Lo watter in on hower kild near -.50. great Lopsters··you shall See them whear -they ly in shold Watter nott past a yeard deep -& with a great hooke mad faste to a staffe you -shall hitch them up thear ar great store of them -you may near Lad a Ship with them. & they -are of greatt bignesse··I have nott Seen the Lyke -in Ingland··So the bott retorned abord & wee -toke our bott in & about myd nyght the wynd -cam faier att northest we Sett Saill & departed -from thence keepinge our Course South west -for So the Cost Lyeth.</p> - -<p>Mundaye being the third of Auguste in -the morninge we wear faier by the shore and -So Sailled alongste the Coste··we Saw many -Illands all alonge the Cost & great Sounds, -goinge betwyxt them, but We could make -prooffe of non for want of a <span class="sidenote"><i>Pinnace</i></span>penyshe··hear -we found fyshe still all alonge the Cost as we -Sailed.</p> - -<p>Tusdaye being the 4th of Auguste in the -morninge 5 of the Clok we wear theawart of a<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_160"></a>[160]</span> -Cape or head Land <span class="sidenote"><i>Cape Sable</i></span>Lyeing in the Latitud of -43 degrees and cam very near unto ytt. ytt ys -very Low Land showinge Whytt Lyke sand but -ytt ys Whytt Rocks and very stronge tides goeth -hear from the place we stopt att beinge in -44 de & ½ untill this Cape or head land ytt -ys all broken Land & full of Illands & Large -Sounds betwixt them & hear we found fyshe -aboundance so large & great as I never Saw -the Lyke Cods beffor nether any man in our -shipe.</p> - -<p>After we paste this Cape or head Land the -Land falleth awaye and Lyeth in norwest & -by north into a greatt deep baye. <span class="sidenote"><i>Bay of Fundy</i></span>We kept our -course from this head Land West and Weste -and by South 7 Leags and cam to thre Illands <span class="sidenote"><i>Seal and Mud Islands</i></span> -whear cominge near unto them we found on -the Southest Syd of them a great Leadge of -Rocks Lyeinge near a Leage into the Sea the -which we perseavinge tackt our ship & the -wynde being Large att northest Cleared our -Selves of them kepinge still our course to the -westward west & by South and west Southwest -untill mydnyght. then after we hald in more -northerly.</p> - -<p>Wensdaye being the 5th of Auguste from -after mydnyght we hald in West norwest untill -3 of the Clok afternoon of the Sam and then -we Saw the Land aggain bearinge from us north -weste & by north and ytt Risseth in this forme<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_161"></a>[161]</span> -hear under. ten or 12 Leags from yo they ar -three heigh mountains that Lye in upon the -main Land near unto the ryver of penobskot <span class="sidenote"><i>Camdem Mountains</i></span> -in which ryver the bashabe makes his abod the -cheeffe Comander of those parts & streatcheth -unto the ryver of Sagadehock under his Comand -yo shall see theise heigh mountains when yo -shall not perseave the main Land under ytt they -ar of shutch and exceedinge heygts: And note. -that from the Cape or head Land beffor spoken -of untill these heigh mountains we never Saw -any Land except those three Illands also beffor -mensyoned··We stood in Right with these -mountains untill the next daye.</p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i161" style="max-width: 37.5em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i161.jpg" alt="(outline of mountains)" /> -</div> - -<p>Thursdaye beinge the 6th of Auguste we -stood in with this heigh Land untill 12 of the -Cloke noon & then I found the shipe to be in -43 d & ½ by my observation··from thence we -Sett our Course & stood awaye dew weste & Saw -three other Illands <span class="sidenote"><i>Matinicus Islands</i></span>Lyenge together beinge Lo -& flatt by the watter showinge whytt as yff ytt -wear Sand but ytt ys whytt Rocks makinge show -a far of allmoste Lyke unto Dover Cleeves. & -these three Illands Lye dew est & west on of the -other so we Cam faier by them and as we Cam<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_162"></a>[162]</span> -to the Westward the heygh Land beffor spoken -of shewed ytt selffe in this form as followith</p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i162" style="max-width: 37.5em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i162.jpg" alt="(outline of mountains)" /> -</div> - -<p>From hence we kept still our Course West -& Weste by North towards three other Illands <span class="sidenote"><i>St. George Islands</i></span> -that we Sawe Lyenge from these Illands beffor -spoken of 8 Leags and about ten of the Clok -att nyght we recovered them & havinge Sent -in our bott beffor nyght to vew ytt for that ytt -was Calme & to Sound ytt & See whatt good -ankoringe was under ytt we bor in with on -of them the which as we cam in by we still -sounded & founde very deepe watter 40 fetham -hard abord of yt. So we stood in into a Coue -In ytt & had 12 fetham watter & thear we ankored -untill the mornynge. And when the daye -appeared We Saw we weare environed Round -about with Illands yo myght have told neare -thirty Illands round about us from abord our -shipe this Illand we Call St. Georges Illand <span class="sidenote"><i>Waymouth</i></span>for -that we hear found a Crosse Sett up the which -we Suposse was Sett up by George Wayman.</p> - -<p>Frydaye beinge the 7th of Auguste we wayed -our Ankor whereby to bringe our shipe in mor -better Safty how Soever the wynd should happen -to blow and about ten of the Cloke in the -mornynge as we weare standinge of a Lyttell<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_163"></a>[163]</span> -from the Illand we descried a saill standinge in -towards this Illand & we presently mad towards -her & found ytt to be the gyfte our Consort So -beinge all Joye full of our happy meetinge we -both stood in again for the Illand we ryd under -beffor & theare anckored both together.</p> - -<p>This night followinge about myd nyght -Capt. Gilbert caussed his ships bott to be maned -& took to hemselffe 13 other my Selffe beinge -on beinge 14 persons in all & tooke the Indyan -skidwarres <span class="sidenote"><i>See <a href="#Page_151">page 151</a>.</i></span>with us··the weather beinge faier -& the wynd Calme we rowed to the Weste in -amongst many gallant Illands and found the -ryver of pemaquyd <span class="sidenote"><i>Pemaquid</i></span>to be but 4 Leags weste -from the Illand we Call St. Georges whear our -ships remained still att anckor. hear we Landed -in a Lyttell Cove by skyd warres Direction & -marched ouer a necke of the Land near three -mills So the Indyan skidwarres brought us to -the Salvages housses whear they did inhabitt -although much against his will for that he told -us that they wear all remoued & gon from the -place they wear wont to inhabitt. but we answered -hem again that we wold nott retorne -backe untill shutch time as we had spoken with -Som of them. At Length he brought us whear -they did inhabytt whear we found near a hundreth -of them men wemen and Children. -And the Cheeffe Comander of them ys Nahanada -att our fryste Seight of them uppon a<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_164"></a>[164]</span> -howlinge or Cry that they mad they all presently -Isued forth towards us with thear bowes -& arrows & we presently mad a stand & Suffered -them to Com near unto us then our -Indyan skidwarres spoke unto them in thear -language showinge them what we wear which -when nahanada thear Comander perseaved what -we wear he Caussed them all to laye assyd thear -bowes & arrowes and cam unto us and imbrassed -us & we did the lyke to them aggain. -So we remained with them near to howers -& wear in thear housses. Then we tooke our -Leave of them & retorned with our Indyan skidwarres -with us towards our ships the 8th Daye -of August being Satterdaye in the after noon.</p> - -<p>Sondaye being the 9th of Auguste in the -morninge the most part of our holl company -of both our shipes Landed on this Illand the -which we call St. Georges Illand whear the -Crosse standeth and thear we heard a Sermon -delyvred unto us by our preacher <span class="sidenote"><i>Rev. Richard Seymour</i></span>gyvinge god -thanks for our happy metinge & Saffe aryvall -into the Contry & So retorned abord aggain.</p> - -<p>Mundaye beinge the Xth of Auguste early -in the morninge Capt. popham in his shallope -with thirty others & Capt. Gilbert in his ships -bott with twenty others Acompanede Depted -from thear shipes & sailled towards the ryver -of pemaquyd & Caryed with us the Indyan -skidwarres and Cam to the ryver ryght beffore<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_165"></a>[165]</span> -thear housses whear they no Sooner espyed us -but presently Nahanada with all his Indians -with thear bowes and arrows in thear hands -Cam forth upon the Sands—So we Caussed -skidwarres to speak unto hem & we our Selves -spok unto hem in Inglyshe givinge hem to -understand our Cominge tended to no yvell -towards hem Selffe nor any of his peopell. he -told us again he wold nott thatt all our peopell -should Land. So beccause we woold in no sort -offend them, hearuppon Som ten or twelffe of -the Cheeff gent Landed & had Some parle -together & then afterward they wear well contented -that all should Land··So all landed we -ussinge them with all the kindnesse that possibell -we Could. nevertheless after an hower -or to they all Soddainly withdrew them Selves -from us into the woods & Lefte us··we perseavinge -this presently imbarked our Selves all -except skidwarres who was nott Desyerous to -retorn with us. We Seeinge this woold in no -Sort proffer any Violence unto hem by drawing -hem perfforce Suffered hem to remain and staye -behinde us. he promyssinge to retorn unto us -the next Daye followinge but he heald not his -promysse So we imbarked our Selves and went -unto the other Syd of the ryver & thear remained -uppon the shore the nyght followinge.</p> - -<p>Tuesdaye beinge the xjth of Auguste we -retorned and cam to our ships whear they still<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_166"></a>[166]</span> -remained att ankor under the Illand we call -St. Georges.</p> - -<p>Wensdaye being the xijth of Auguste we -wayed our anckors and Sett our saills to go for -the ryver of Sagadehock··we kept our Course -from thence dew Weste until 12 of the Clok -mydnyght of the Sam then we stroke our Saills -& layed a hull untill the mornynge Doutinge -for to over shoot ytt.</p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i166" style="max-width: 37.5em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i166.jpg" alt="" /> - <div class="caption"><p>in this form being South -from ytt,</p> - -<p class="rt">being est & weste from the Illand of Sutqin<br /> -ytt maketh in this form.</p></div> -</div> - -<p>Thursdaye in the mornynge breacke of the -daye beinge the xiijth of Auguste the Illand of -Sutquin <span class="sidenote"><i>Seguin</i></span>bore north of us nott past halff a leage -from us and ytt rysseth in this form hear under -followinge the which Illand Lyeth ryght -beffore the mouth of the ryver of Sagadehocke <span class="sidenote"><i>Kenebeck River</i></span> -South from ytt near 2 Leags but we did not -make ytt to be Sutquin so we Sett our saills & -stood to the westward for to Seeke ytt 2 Leags -farther & nott fyndinge the ryver of Sagadehocke -we knew that we had overshott the place -then we wold have retorned but Could nott & -the nyght in hand the gifte Sent in her shallop -& mad ytt & went into the ryver this nyght but<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_167"></a>[167]</span> -we wear constrained to remain att Sea all this -nyght and about mydnight thear arose a great -storme & tempest uppon us the which putt us in -great daunger and hassard of castinge awaye of -our ship & our Lyves by reason we wear so near -the shore··the wynd blew very hard att South -right in uppon the shore so that by no means -we could nott gett of hear we sought all means -& did what possybell was to be don for that our -Lyves depended on ytt··hear we plyed ytt with -our ship of & on all the nyght often times espyeinge -many soonken rocks & breatches hard by -us enforsynge us to put our ship about & stand -from them bearinge saill when ytt was mor fytter -to have taken ytt in but that ytt stood uppon -our Lyves to do ytt & our bott Soonk att our -stern··yet woold we nott cut her from us in hope -of the appearinge of the daye··thus we Contynued -untill the daye cam then we perseaved our -Selves to be hard abord the Lee shore & no waye -to escape ytt but by Seekinge the Shore··then -we espyed 2 Lyttell Illands <span class="sidenote"><i>Cape Small Point</i></span>Lyeinge under our -lee··So we bore up the healme & steerd in our -shipe in betwyxt them whear the Lord be praised -for ytt we found good and sauffe ankkoringe -& thear anckored the storme still contynuinge -untill the next daye followynge.</p> - -<p>Frydaye beinge the xiiijth of August that we -anckored under these Illands thear we repaired -our bott being very muche torren & spoilled<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_168"></a>[168]</span> -then after we Landed on this Illand & found 4 -salvages & an old woman this Illand ys full of -pyne trees & ocke and abundance of whorts of -fower Sorts of them.</p> - -<p>Satterdaye beinge the 15th of Auguste the -storme ended and the wind Cam faier for us to -go for Sagadehock so we wayed our anckors -& Sett Saill & stood to the estward & cam -to the Illand Sutquin which was 2 Leags from -those Illands we rod att anker beffor, & hear -we anckored under the Illand of Sutqin in the -estersyd of ytt for that the wynd was of the -shore that wee could no gett into the ryver of -Sagadehock & hear Capt. pophams ships bott -cam abord of us & gave us xx freshe Cods -that they had taken beinge Sent out a fyshinge.</p> - -<p>Sondaye beinge the 16th of Auguste Capt. -popham Sent his Shallop unto us for to healp us -in So we wayed our anckors & beinge Calme -we towed in our ship & Cam into the Ryver of -Sagadehocke and anckored by the gyfts Syd -about xj of the Cloke the Sam daye.</p> - -<p>Mundaye beinge the 17th Auguste Capt. -popham in his shallop with 30 others & Capt. -Gilbert in his shipes bott accompaned with -18 other persons departed early in the morninge -from thear ships & sailled up the Ryver -of Sagadehock for to vew the Ryver & allso to -See whear they myght fynd the most Convenyent -place for thear plantation my Selffe beinge<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_169"></a>[169]</span> -with Capt. Gilbert. So we Sailled up into this -ryver near 14 Leags and found ytt to be a most -gallant ryver very brod & of a good depth··we -never had Lesse Watter then 3 fetham when we -had Least & abundance of greatt fyshe <span class="sidenote"><i>Sturgeon</i></span>in ytt -Leaping aboue the Watter on eatch Syd of us -as we Sailled. So the nyght aprochinge after -a whill we had refreshed our Selves uppon the -shore about 9 of the Cloke we sett backward -to retorn & Cam abourd our shipes the next -day followinge about 2 of the Clok in the afternoon -We fynd this ryver to be very pleasant -with many goodly Illands in ytt & to be both -Large & deepe Watter havinge many branches -in ytt··that which we tooke bendeth ytt Selffe -towards the northest.</p> - -<p>Tuesdaye beinge the 18th after our retorn we -all went to the shore & thear mad Choies of a -place for our plantation which ys at the very -mouth or entry of the Ryver of Sagadehocke -on the West Syd of the Ryver beinge almoste -an Illand <span class="sidenote"><i>Sabino Head</i></span>of a good bygness··whylst we wear -uppon the shore thear Cam in three Cannoos -by us but they wold not Com near us but rowed -up the Ryver <span class="sidenote"><i>Fort Popham</i></span>& so past away.</p> - -<p>Wensday beinge the 19th Auguste we all -went to the shore whear we mad Choise for our -plantation and thear we had a Sermon delyvred -unto us by our precher and after the Sermon -our pattent was red with the orders & Lawes<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_170"></a>[170]</span> -thearin prescrybed & then we retorned abord -our ships again.</p> - -<p>Thursdaye beinge the 20th of Auguste all -our Companyes Landed & thear began to fortefye··our -presedent Capt popham Sett the -fryst spytt of ground unto ytt and after hem -all the rest followed & Labored hard in the -trenches about ytt.</p> - -<p>Frydaye the 2jth of Auguste all hands Labored -hard about the fort Som in the trentch -Som for fagetts & our ship Carpenters about the -buildinge of a small penis or shallop.</p> - -<p>Satterdaye the 22th Auguste Capt. popham -early in the morninge departed in his shallop -to go for the ryver of pashipskoke··thear <span class="sidenote"><i>Pejepscot or Androscoggin</i></span>they -had parle with the Salvages again who delyvred -unto them that they had ben att wars with Sasanoa -& had slain his Soone in fyght··skidwares -and Dehanada wear in this fyght.</p> - -<p>Sondaye the 23th our presedent Capt. popham -retorned unto us from the ryver of pashipscoke.</p> - -<p>The 24th all Labored about the fort.</p> - -<p>Tuesdaye the 25th Capt. Gilbert imbarked -hem Selffe with 15 other with hem to go to -the Westward uppon Som Discouery but the -Wynd was contrary & forsed hem backe again -the Sam daye.</p> - -<p>The 26th & 27th all Labored hard about the -fort.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_171"></a>[171]</span></p> - -<p>Frydaye the 28th Capt. Gilbert with 14 others -my Selffe beinge on Imbarked hem to go -to the westward again··So the wynd Servinge -we Sailled by many gallant Illands <span class="sidenote"><i>Casco Bay</i></span>& towards -nyght the winde Cam Contrary against us So -that we wear Constrained to remain that nyght -under the head Land called Semeamis <span class="sidenote"><i>Cape Elizabeth</i></span>whear -we found the Land to be most fertill··the trees -growinge thear doth exceed for goodnesse & -Length being the most part of them ocke & -wallnutt growinge a greatt space assoonder on -from the other as our parks in Ingland and no -thickett growinge under them··hear wee also -found a gallant place to fortefye whom Nattuer -ytt Selffe hath already framed without the hand -of man with a runynge stream of watter hard -adjoyninge under the foott of ytt.</p> - -<p>Satterdaye the 29th Auguste early in the -mornynge we departed from thence & rowed -to the westward for that the wind was againste -us but the wynd blew so hard that forsed us to -remain under an Illand <span class="sidenote"><i>Richmond’s Island</i></span>2 Leags from the place -we remayned the night beffore whilst we remayned -under this Illand thear passed to Cannoos -by us but they wold nott Com neare us -after mydnyght we put from this Illand in hope -to have gotten the place we dessyered but the -wind arose and blew so hard at Southwest Contrary -for us that forsed us to retorn.</p> - -<p>Sondaye beinge the 30th Auguste retornynge<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_172"></a>[172]</span> -beffore the wynd we sailled by many goodly -Illands for betwixt this head Land called Semeamis -& the ryver of Sagadehock ys a great -baye in the which Lyeth So many Illands & -so thicke & neare together that yo Cannott -well desern to Nomber them yet may yo go in -betwixt them in a good ship for yo shall have -never Lesse Watter the 8 fethams··these Illands -ar all overgrowen with woods very thicke as -ocks wallnut pyne trees & many other things -growinge as Sarsaperilla hassell nuts & whorts -in aboundance··So this day we retorned to our -fort att Sagadehock.</p> - -<p>Munday being the Last of Auguste nothinge -hapened but all Labored for the buildinge of -the fort & for the storhouse to reseave our -vyttuall.</p> - -<p>Tuesday the first of September <span class="sidenote"><i>September</i></span>thear Cam a -Canooa unto us in the which was 2 greatt kettells -of brasse··Som of our Company did parle -with them but they did rest very doutfull of us -& wold nott Suffer mor then on att a tyme to -Com near unto them So he departed··The Second -daye third & 4th nothinge hapened worth -the wryttinge but that eatch man did his beste -endevour for the buildinge of the fort.</p> - -<p>Satterdaye beinge the 5th of September thear -Cam into the entraunce of the ryver of Sagadehocke -nine Canoos in the which was Dehanada -& skidwarres with many others in the wholl<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_173"></a>[173]</span> -near fortye persons men women & Children -they Cam & parled with us & we aggain ussed -them in all frindly maner We Could & gave -them vyttaills for to eatt··So skidwarres & on -more of them stayed with us untill nyght··the -rest of them withdrew them in thear Canooas to -the farther Syd of the ryver. but when nyght -Cam for that skidwares woold needs go to the -rest of his Company Capt. Gilbert acompaned -with James Davis & Capt. ellis best took them -into our bott & Caryed them to thear Company -on the farther syd the ryver & thear remained -amongst them all the nyght & early in -the mornynge the Sallvages departed in thear -Canooas for the ryver of pemaquid promyssinge -Capt. Gilbert to acompany hem in thear -Canooas to the ryver of penobskott whear the -bashabe remayneth.</p> - -<p>The 6th nothinge happened··the 7th our -ship the Mary & John began to discharge her -vyttualls.</p> - -<p>Tuesday beinge the 8th September Capt. -Gilbert acompaned with xxij others my Selffe -beinge on of them departed from the fort to go -for the ryver of penobskott takinge with hem -divers Sorts of Merchandise for to trad with -the Bashabe who ys the Cheeffe Comander of -those parts but the wind was Contrary againste -hem so that he could nott Com to dehanada & -skidwares at the time apointed for··ytt was the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_174"></a>[174]</span> -xjth daye beffor he Could gett to the ryver of -pemaquid Whear they do make thear abbod.</p> - -<p>Frydaye beinge the xjth in the mornynge -early we Cam into the ryver of pemaquyd thear -to Call nahanada & skidwarres as we had promyste -them but beinge thear aryved we found -no Lyvinge Creatuer··they all wear gon from -thence the which we perseavinge presently departed -towards the ryver of penobskott··Saillinge -all this daye & the xijth & xiijth the Lyke -yett by no means Could we fynd ytt··So our -vitall beinge spent we hasted to retorn··So the -wynd Cam faier for us & we Sailled all the 14th -& 15th dayes in retornynge the Wind blowinge -very hard att north & this mornynge the 15th -daye we pseaved a blassing star in the northest -of vs.</p> - -<p>The 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th 2jth 22th nothinge -hapened but all Labored hard about the -fort & the store house for to Land our wyttaills.</p> - -<p>The 23th beinge Wensdaye Capt. Gilbert -acompaned with 19 others my Selffe on of them -departed from the fort to go for the head of the -ryver of Sagadehock··we Sailled all this daye -So did we the Lyke the 24th untill the evenynge -then we Landed thear to remain that Nyght··hear -we found a gallant Champion Land & exceedinge -fertill So hear we remayned all nyght.</p> - -<p>The 25th beinge frydaye early in the mornynge -we departed from hence & sailled up the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_175"></a>[175]</span> -ryver about eyght Leags farther untill we Cam -unto an Illand <span class="sidenote"><i>Augusta</i></span>beinge Lo Land & flatt··att this -Illand ys a great down Fall of watter the which -runeth by both Sydes of this Illand very swyfte -& shallow··in this Illand we found greatt store -of grapes exceedinge good and sweett of to -Sorts both red butt the on of them ys a mervellous -deepe red. by both the syds of this ryver -the grapes grow in aboundance & allso very -good Hoppes & also Chebolls & garleck. <span class="sidenote"><i>Wild onion</i></span>and -for the goodnesse of the Land ytt doth so far -abound that I Cannott allmost expresse the Sam -hear we all went ashore & with a stronge Rope -made fast to our bott & on man in her to gyde -her aggainst the Swyfte stream we pluckt her -up throwe ytt perforce··after we had past this -down-Fall we all went into our bott again & -rowed near a Leage farther up into the ryver -& nyght beinge att hand we hear stayed all -nyght. & in the fryst of the night about ten -of the Cloke thear Cam on the farther syd of -the ryver sartain Salvages Calling unto us in -broken inglyshe··we answered them aggain So -for this time they departed.</p> - -<p>The 26th beinge Satterdaye thear Cam a -Canooa unto us & in hear fower salvages those -that had spoken unto us in the nyght beffore -his name that Came unto us ys Sabenoa··he -macks himselffe unto us to be Lord of the ryver -of Sagadehock.</p> - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_176"></a>[176]</span><br /> - <span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_177"></a>[177]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<hr class="fulla" /> -<hr class="fulla" /> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="Henry_Hudson"> -<span class="antiqua fs135">Henry Hudson</span><br /> -<span class="lsp2">1609</span><br /> -PENOBSCOT<br /> -&<br /> -THE FISHING BANKS</h2> -</div> - -<hr class="fulla" /> -<hr class="fulla" /> - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_178"></a>[178]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter blockquot"> - -<p class="noindent"><span class="smcap">Henry Hudson</span>, <em>having tried in vain to find a sea -route to China through the ice fields which stretched -across his path all the way from Greenland to Spitzbergen -or Willoughby Land, transferred his services in -the winter of 1609 from the English Muscovy Company -to the Dutch East India Company. He started to make -a further trial of the Northeast passage, but while off -the coast of Novaya Zemlya, his crews refused to go -further in that direction. Abandoned by his consort, -Hudson persuaded the men on his own ship, the Half -Moon, to cross the Atlantic and try their luck in America. -They made land on the Nova Scotia coast, and -after beating about over the fishing banks and looking -at the shores of Maine and southeastern Massachusetts, -went on to another landfall in the latitude of Virginia. -Turning northward, they sailed up the coast and into -the river which has since borne their leader’s name.</em></p> - -<p><em>The surviving log-book or journal of Hudson’s third -voyage was kept by Robert Juet, who had been his mate -during the second voyage, and who took a leading part -in the mutiny which ended when the leader was turned -adrift in a small boat in Hudson’s Bay in 1611. It was -printed in the third volume of “Purchas his Pilgrimes,” -London, 1625.</em></p> -</div> - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_179"></a>[179]</span><br /></p> - -<div class="chapter"></div> -<div class="bbox"> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i179" style="max-width: 37.5em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i179.jpg" alt="(Decorative banner)" /> -</div> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<div class="blockquot fs135"> - -<p class="negin1">THE THIRD VOYAGE -of Master <span class="smcap">Henry Hudson</span>, -Written by <span class="smcap">Robert Juet</span>, -of Lime-House.</p> -</div> -</div> - -<p class="drop-cap">THE twelfth of July was very foggie, <span class="sidenote"><i>1609 July</i></span> -we stood our course all the morning -till eleven of the clocke; at which -time we had sight of land, which is low white -sandie ground, right on head off us; and had -ten fathoms. Then we tackt to the southward, -and stood off foure glasses: then we tackt to -the land againe, thinking to have rode under it, -and as we came neere it, the fog was so thicke -that we could not see; so wee stood off againe. -From mid-night to two of the clocke, we came -sounding in twelve, thirteene, and fourteene -fathoms off the shoare. At foure of the clocke, -we had 20 fathoms. At eight of the clocke at -night, 30 fathoms. At twelve of the clocke, -65 fathoms, and but little winde, for it deeped -apace, but the neerer the shoare the fairer -shoalding.</p> - -<p>The thirteenth, faire sun-shining weather, -from eight of the clocke in the fore-noone all -day after, but in the morning it was foggie.<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_180"></a>[180]</span> -Then at eight of the clocke we cast about for -the shoare, but could not see it; the wind being -at south by our true compasse, wee steered -west and by north. At noone we observed, and -found our height to bee 43 degrees, 25 minutes; -so we steered away west and by north all -the afternoone. At foure of the clocke in the -afternoone we sounded, and had five and thirtie -fathoms. And at sixe of the clocke wee had -sight of the land, and saw two sayles on head -off us. The land by the waters side is low land, -and white sandie bankes rising, full of little -hils. Our soundings were 35, 33, 30, 28, 32, -37, 33, and 32 fathoms.</p> - -<p>The fourteenth, full of mysts flying and -vading, the wind betweene south and south-west; -we steered away west north-west, and -north-west and by west. Our soundings were -29, 25, 24, 25, 22, 25, 27, 30, 28, 30, 35, 43, -50, 70, 90, 70, 64, 86, 100 fathoms, and no -ground.</p> - -<p>The fifteenth, very mystie, the winde varying -betweene south and south-west; wee steered -west and by north, and west north-west. In the -morning we sounded, and had one hundred -fathoms, till foure of the clocke in the afternoone. -Then we sounded againe, and had seventie-five -fathoms. Then in two glasses running, -which was not above two English miles, we -sounded and had sixtie fathoms, and it shoalded<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_181"></a>[181]</span> -a great pace untill we came to twentie fathoms. -Then we made account we were neere the -islands that lie off the shoare. So we came to -an anchor, the sea being very smooth and little -wind, at nine of the clocke at night. After supper -we tryed for fish, and I caught fifteene cods, -some the greatest that I have seene, and so we -rode all night.</p> - -<p>The sixteenth, in the morning, it cleered up, -and we had sight of five islands <span class="sidenote"><i>Eastern Maine</i></span>lying north, and -north and by west from us, two leagues. Then -wee made ready to set sayle, but the myst came -so thicke that we durst not enter in among -them.</p> - -<p>The seventeenth, was all mystie, so that we -could not get into the harbour. At ten of the -clocke two boats came off to us, with sixe of -the savages of the countrey, seeming glad of -our comming. We gave them trifles, and they -eate and dranke with us; and told us that there -were gold, silver and copper mynes hard by -us; and that the French-men doe trade with -them; which is very likely, for one of them -spake some words of French. So wee rode still -all day and all night, the weather continuing -mystie.</p> - -<p>The eighteenth, faire weather, wee went -into a very good harbour, and rode hard by the -shoare in foure fathoms water. The river runneth -up a great way, <span class="sidenote"><i>Penobscot</i></span>but there is but two fathoms<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_182"></a>[182]</span> -hard by us. We went on shoare and cut -us a fore mast; then at noone we came aboord -againe, and found the height of the place to -bee in 44 degrees, 1 minute, and the sunne to -fall at a south south-west sunne. We mended -our sayles, and fell to make our fore-mast. The -harbour lyeth south and north, a mile in where -we rode.</p> - -<p>The nineteenth, we had faire sun-shining -weather, we rode still. In the after-noone wee -went with our boate to looke for fresh water, -and found some; and found a shoald with many -lobsters on it, and caught one and thirtie. The -people coming aboord, shewed us great friendship, -but we could not trust them. The twentieth, -faire sunne-shining weather, the winde -at south-west. In the morning, our scute went -out to catch fresh fish halfe an houre before -day, and returned in two houres, bringing seven -and twentie great coddes, with two hookes and -lines. In the afternoone wee went for more -lobsters and caught fortie, and returned aboord. -Then wee espied two French shallops full of the -country people come into the harbour, but they -offered us no wrong, seeing we stood upon our -guard. They brought many beaver skinnes and -other fine furres, which they would have changed -for redde gownes. For the French trade with -them for red cassocks, knives, hatchets, copper, -kettles, trevits, beades, and other trifles.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_183"></a>[183]</span></p> - -<p>The one and twentieth, all mystie, the wind -easterly, wee rode still and did nothing, but -about our mast. The two and twentieth, fair -sun-shining weather, the winde all northerly, -we rode still all the day. In the after-noone our -scute went to catch more lobsters, and brought -with them nine and fiftie. The night was cleere -weather.</p> - -<p>The three and twentieth, faire sun shining -weather and very hot. At eleven of the clocke -our fore mast was finished, and wee brought it -aboord, and set it into the step, and in the after-noone -we rigged it. This night we had some -little myst and rayne.</p> - -<p>The foure and twentieth, very hot weather, -the winde at south out of the sea. The fore-part -of the day wee brought to our sayles. In -the morning our scute went to take fish, and -in two houres they brought with them twentie -great coddes and a great holibut; the night -was faire also. We kept good watch for fear -of being betrayed by the people, and perceived -where they layd their shallops.</p> - -<p>The five and twentieth, very faire weather -and hot. In the morning wee manned our scute -with foure muskets and sixe men, and tooke -one of their shallops and brought it aboord. -Then we manned our boat and scute with twelve -men and muskets, and two stone pieces or murderers, -and drave the savages from their houses,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_184"></a>[184]</span> -and tooke the spoyle of them, as they would -have done of us. Then wee set sayle, and came -downe to the harbours mouth, and rode there -all night, because the winde blew right in, and -the night grew mystie with much rayne till -mid-night. Then it fell calme, and the wind -came off the land at west north-west, and it -began to cleere. The compasse varyed ten degrees -north-west.</p> - -<p>The sixe and twentieth, faire and cleere -sunne-shining weather. At five of the clocke -in the morning, the winde being off the shoare -at north north-west, we set sayle and came to -sea, and by noone we counted our ship had -gone fourteene leagues south-west. In the afternoone, -the winde shifted variably betweene -west south-west and north-west. At noone I -found the height to bee 43 degrees, 56 minutes. -This evening being very faire weather, -wee observed the variation of our compasse at -the sunnes going downe, and found it to bee 10 -degrees from the north to the westward.</p> - -<p>The seven and twentieth, faire sun-shining -weather, the winde shifting betweene the -south-west and west and by north, a stiffe gale; -we stood to the southward all day, and made -our way south and by west, seven and twentie -leagues. At noone, our height was 42 degrees, -50 minutes. At foure of the clocke in the -after-noone, wee cast about to the north-ward.<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_185"></a>[185]</span> -At eight of the clocke, we tooke in our top-sayles -and our fore-bonnet, and went with a -short sayle all night.</p> - -<p>The eight and twentieth, very thicke and -mystie, and a stiffe gale of wind, varying betweene -south south-west and south-west and by -west; we made our way north-west and by west, -seven and twentie leagues; wee sounded many -times and could get no ground. At five of the -clocke we cast about to the southward, the wind -at south-west and by west. At which time we -sounded, and had ground at seventie-five fathoms. -At eight, wee had sixtie-five fathoms. -At ten, sixtie. At twelve of the clocke at mid-night, -fiftie-sixe fathoms, gray sand.</p> - -<p>The compasse varyed 6 degrees the north -point to the west.</p> - -<p>The nine and twentieth, faire weather, we -stood to the southward, and made our way south -and by west a point south, eighteene leagues. -At noone we found our height to be 42 degrees -56 minutes; wee sounded oft and had these, -60, 64, 65, 67, 65, 65, 70, and 75 fathoms. -At night wee tryed the variation of our compasse -by the setting of the sunne, and found -that it went downe 37 degrees to the northward -of the west, and should have gone downe but -31 degrees. The compasse varyed 5 and a halfe -degrees.</p> - -<p>The thirtieth, very hot, all the fore part of<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_186"></a>[186]</span> -the day calme, the wind at south south-east; -wee steered away west south-west and sounded -many times, and could find no ground at one -hundred and seventie fathomes. We found a -great current and many over-falls. Our current -had deceived us. For at noone we found our -height to be 41 degrees 34 minutes. And the -current had heaved us to the southward foureteene -leagues. At eight of the clocke at night -I sounded, and had ground in fiftie-two fathomes. -In the end of the mid-night watch wee -had fiftie-three fathomes. This last observation -is not to be trusted.</p> - -<p>The one and thirtieth, very thicke and mystie -all day, untill tenne of the clocke. At night -the wind came to the south, and south-west -and south. We made our way west north-west -nineteene leagues. Wee sounded many times, -and had difference of soundings, sometimes -little stones, and sometimes grosse gray sand, -fiftie-sixe, fiftie-foure, fortie-eight, fortie-seven, -fortie-foure, fortie-sixe, fiftie fathoms; and at -eight of the clocke at night it fell calme, and -we had fiftie fathomes. And at ten of the clocke -we heard a great rut, like the rut of the shoare. -Then I sounded and found the former depth; -and mistrusting a current, seeing it so still that -the ship made no way, I let the lead lie on the -ground, and found a tide set to the south-west, -and south-west and by west, so fast, that I could<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_187"></a>[187]</span> -hardly vere the line so fast, and presently came -an hurling current, or tyde with over-fals, which -cast our ship round; and the lead was so fast -in the ground that I feared the lines breaking, -and we had no more but that. At midnight I -sounded againe, and we had seventie-five fathomes; -and the strong streame had left us.</p> - -<p>The first of August, <span class="sidenote"><i>August</i></span>all the fore part of the -day was mystie, and at noone it cleered up. -We found that our height was 41 degrees 45 -minutes, and we had gone nineteene leagues. -The after-noon was reasonable cleere. We -found a rustling tide or current with many over-fals -to continue still, and our water to change -colour, and our sea to bee very deepe, for wee -found no ground in one hundred fathomes. The -night was cleere, and the winde came to the -north, and north north-east, we steered west.</p> - -<p>The second, very faire weather and hot: -from the morning till noone we had a gale of -wind, but in the after-noone little wind. At -noone I sounded and had one hundred and -ten fathomes; and our height was 41 degrees -56 minutes. And wee had runne four and twentie -leagues and an halfe. At the sun-setting -we observed the variation of the compasse, and -found that it was come to his true place. At -eight of the clocke the gale increased, so wee -ranne sixe leagues that watch, and had a very -faire and cleere night.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_188"></a>[188]</span></p> - -<p>The third, very hot weather. In the morning -we had sight of the land, <span class="sidenote"><i>Cape Malabar</i></span>and steered in -with it, thinking to go to the northward of it. -So we sent our shallop with five men to sound -in by the shore: and they found it deepe five -fathomes within bow-shot of the shoare; and -they went on land, and found goodly grapes and -rose trees, and brought them aboord with them, -at five of the clocke in the eevening. We had -seven and twentie fathomes within two miles -of the shoare; and we found a floud come from -the south-east, and an ebbe from the northwest, -with a very strong streame, and a great hurling -and noyses. At eight of the clocke at night the -wind began to blow a fresh gale, and continued -all night but variable. Our sounding that -wee had to the land was one hundred, eightie, -seventie-foure, fiftie-two, fortie-sixe, twentie-nine, -twentie-seven, twentie-foure, nineteene, -seventeene, sometimes oze, and sometimes gray -sand.</p> - -<p>The fourth, was very hot: we stood to the -north-west two watches, and one south in for -the land, and came to an anchor at the norther -end of the headland, and heard the voyce of -men call. Then we sent our boat on shoare, -thinking they had beene some Christians left on -the land: but wee found them to bee savages, -which seemed very glad of our comming. So -wee brought one aboord with us, and gave him<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_189"></a>[189]</span> -meate, and he did eate and drinke with us. -Our master gave him three or foure glasse buttons, -and sent him on land with our shallop -againe. And at our boats comming from the -shoare he leapt and danced, and held up his -hands, and pointed us to a river on the other -side: for we had made signes that we came to -fish there. The bodie of this headland lyeth -in 41 degrees 45 minutes. We set sayle againe -after dinner, thinking to have got to the westward -of this headland, but could not; so we -beare up to the southward of it, and made a -south-east way; and the souther point did beare -west at eight of the clocke at night. Our -soundings about the easter and norther part of -this headland, a league from the shoare are -these: at the easterside thirtie, twentie-seven, -twentie-seven, twentie-foure, twentie-five, twentie. -The north-east point 17 degrees 18 minutes, -and so deeper. The north end of this -headland, hard by the shoare thirtie fathomes: -and three leagues off north north-west, one hundred -fathomes. At the south-east part a league -off, fifteene, sixteene, and seventeene fathomes. -The people have greene tabacco and pipes, the -boles whereof are made of earth and the pipes -of red copper. The land is very sweet.</p> - -<p>The fift, all mystie. At eight of the clocke -in the morning wee tact about to the westward, -and stood in till foure of the clocke in<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_190"></a>[190]</span> -the after-noone; at which time it cleered, and -wee had sight of the head-land againe five -leagues from us. The souther point of it did -beare west off us: and we sounded many times, -and had no ground. And at foure of the clocke -we cast about, and at our staying wee had -seventie fathomes. Wee steered away south -and south by east all night, and could get no -ground at seventie and eightie fathomes. For -wee feared a great riffe that lyeth off the land, -and steered away south and by east.</p> - -<p>The sixth, faire weather, but many times -mysting. Wee steered away south south-east, -till eight of the clocke in the morning; then -it cleered a little, and we cast about to the -westward. Then we sounded and had thirtie -fathomes, grosse sand, and were come to the -riffe. Then wee kept our lead, and had quicke -shoalding from thirtie, twentie-nine, twentie-seven, -twentie-foure, twentie-two, twentie and -an halfe, twentie, twentie, nineteene, nineteene, -nineteene, eighteene, eighteene, seventeene; -and so deeping againe as proportionally -as it shoalded. For we steered south and south-east -till we came to twentie-sixe fathomes. -Then we steered south-west, for so the tyde -doth set. By and by, it being calme, we tryed -by our lead; for you shall have sixteene or seventeene -fathomes, and the next cast but seven -or six fathomes. And farther to the westward<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_191"></a>[191]</span> -you shall have foure and five foot water, and see -rockes under you and you shall see the land -in the top. Upon this riffe we had an observation, -and found that it lyeth in 40 degrees, -10 minutes. And this is that headland which -Captaine Bartholomew Gosnold discovered in -the yeere 1602, and called Cape Cod, because -of the store of cod-fish that hee found thereabout. -So we steered south-west three leagues, -and had twentie and twentie-foure fathomes. -Then we steered west two glasses, halfe a league, -and came to fifteene fathomes. Then we steered -off south-east foure glasses, but could not get -deepe water; for there the tyde of ebbe laid us -on; and the streame did hurle so, that it laid us -so neere the breach of a shoald that wee were -forced to anchor. So at seven of the clocke at -night wee were at an anchor in tenne fathomes: -and I give God most heartie thankes, the least -water wee had was seven fathomes and an halfe. -We rode still all night, and at a still water I -sounded so farre round about our ship as we -could see a light; and had no lesse then eight, -nine, ten, and eleven fathomes: the myst continued -being very thicke.</p> - -<p>The seventh, faire weather and hot, but mystie. -Wee rode still hoping it would cleere, but -on the floud it fell calme and thicke. So we -rode still all day and all night. The floud commeth -from the south-west, and riseth not above<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_192"></a>[192]</span> -one fathome and an halfe in nepe streames. -Toward night it cleered, and I went with our -shallop and sounded, and found no lesse water -then eight fathomes to the south-east off us; but -we saw to the north-west off us great breaches.</p> - -<p>The eight, faire and cleere weather. In the -morning, by sixe of the clocke, at slake water, -wee weighed, the wind at north-east, and set -our fore-sayle and mayne top-sayle, and got a -mile over the flats. Then the tyde of ebbe came, -so we anchored againe till the floud came. -Then we set sayle againe, and by the great mercie -of God wee got cleere off them by one of -the clocke this afternoone. And wee had sight -of the land from the west north-west to the -north north-west. So we steered away south -south-east all night, and had ground untill the -middle of the third watch. Then we had fortie-five -fathomes, white sand and little stones. -So all our soundings are twentie, twentie, twentie-two, -twentie-seven, thirtie-two, fortie-three, -fortie-three, fortie-five. Then no ground in -seventie fathomes.</p> - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_193"></a>[193]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<hr class="fulla" /> -<hr class="fulla" /> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="Samuel_Argall"> -<span class="antiqua fs135">Samuel Argall</span><br /> -<span class="lsp2">1610</span><br /> -PENOBSCOT BAY</h2> -</div> - -<hr class="fulla" /> -<hr class="fulla" /> - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_194"></a>[194]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter blockquot"> - -<p class="noindent"><span class="smcap">Samuel Argall</span> <em>first visited Virginia in 1609, when -he demonstrated the possibility of making the voyage -from England by a more direct route than that by -way of the Azores and the West Indies. For the next -decade Argall was constantly associated with the affairs -of the Jamestown colony. In 1610 he reached the settlement -with supplies and recruits from England barely -in time to prevent its abandonment. As the provisions -which he brought afforded only a temporary relief, he -started off at once for the Bermudas. His experiences -during the voyage are told in his journal, which is here -reprinted from the fourth volume of “Purchas his Pilgrimes,” -printed at London in 1625.</em></p> - -<p><em>Argall made two more voyages to the New England -coast in 1613, first to investigate the reports that the -French were making settlements on Mount Desert and -at the mouth of the St. Croix River, and then to complete -the destruction of the houses and fortifications begun -by the French. For reasons of policy, it may be, no detailed -accounts of these later voyages appear to have been -preserved.</em></p> -</div> - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_195"></a>[195]</span><br /></p> - -<div class="chapter"></div> -<div class="bbox"> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i195" style="max-width: 37.5em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i195.jpg" alt="(Decorative banner)" /> -</div> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<div class="blockquot fs135"> - -<p class="negin1">THE VOYAGE OF -Captaine <span class="smcap">Samvel Argal</span>, -from <em>Iames</em> Towne in <em>Virginia</em>, -to seek the Ile of -<em>Bermuda</em>, and missing the -same, his putting ouer toward -<em>Sagadahoc</em> and Cape -Cod, and so backe againe -to <em>Iames</em> Towne, begun the -nineteenth of Iune, 1610.</p> -</div> -</div> - -<p class="drop-cap">SIR GEORGE SUMMERS, being -bound for the Ile of Bermuda with two -Pinnaces, <span class="sidenote"><i>1610 June</i></span>the one called the Patience, -wherein he sailed himselfe, set saile from Iames -Towne in Virginia, the ninteenth of Iune, 1610. -The two and twentieth at noone we came to -an anchor at Cape Henry, to take more balast. -The weather proued very wet: so wee road -vnder the Cape till two of the clocke, the -three and twentieth in the morning. Then we<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_196"></a>[196]</span> -weighed and stood off to Sea, the wind at -South-west. And till eight of the clocke at -night it was all Southerly, and then that shifted -to South-west. The Cape then bearing West, -about eight leagues off. Then wee stirred <span class="sidenote"><i>Steered</i></span>away -South-east. The foure and twentieth, at noone -I obserued the Sunne, and found my selfe to -bee in thirtie sixe degrees, fortie seuen minutes, -about twentie leagues off from the Land. -From the foure and twentieth at noone, to the -fiue and twentieth at noone, sixe leagues East, -the wind Southerly, but for the most part it -was calme. From the fiue and twentieth at -noone, to the sixe and twentieth about sixe of -the clocke in the morning, the winde was all -Southerly, and but little. And then it beganne -to blow a fresh gale at West South-west. -So by noone I had sailed fourteene leagues -East, South-east pricked. From the sixe and -twentieth at noone, to the seuen and twentieth -at noone, twentie leagues East, South-east. -The wind shifting from the West, South-west -Southerly, and so to the East, and the weather -faire, but close. From the seuen and twentieth -at noone, to the eight and twentieth at noone, -sixe and twentie leagues East, South-east, the -wind shifting backe againe from the East to the -West. Then by mine obseruation I found the -ship to be in thirtie fiue degrees fiftie foure minutes. -From the eight and twentieth at noone,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_197"></a>[197]</span> -to the nine and twentieth at noone, thirtie sixe -leagues East by South, the wind at West, North-west. -Then by my obseruation I found the ship -to be in thirtie fiue degrees, thirtie minutes -pricked. From the nine and twentieth at noone -to the thirtieth at noone, thirtie fiue leagues -East, South-east. The winde shifting betweene -West, North-west, and West, South-west, blowing -a good fresh gale. Then by my obseruation -I found the ship to be in thirtie foure -degrees, fortie nine minutes pricked. From the -thirtieth of Iune at noone, to the first of Iuly -at noone, thirtie leagues South-east by East, the -winde at west, then I found the ship in thirtie -foure degrees pricked.</p> - -<p>From the first of Iuly at noone, <span class="sidenote"><i>July</i></span>to the second -at noon, twentie leagues East, South-east southerly, -the wind West, then I found the ship to bee -in thirtie three degrees, thirtie minutes pricked, -the weather very faire. From the second at -noone, to the third at foure of the clocke in -the afternoone it was calme, then it beganne -to blow a resonable fresh gale at South-east: -so I made account that the ship had driuen -about sixe leagues in that time East. The Sea -did set all about the West. From that time to -the fourth at noone, seuenteen leagues East by -North, the wind shifting betweene South-east -and South South-west, then I found the ship to -bee in thirtie three degrees, fortie minutes, the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_198"></a>[198]</span> -weather continued very faire. From the fourth -at noone, to the fifth at noone, ten leagues -South-east, the wind and weather as before, then -I found the ship to be in thirtie three degrees, -seuenteene minutes pricked. From the fift at -noone, to the sixt at noone, eight leagues South-west, -then I found the ship to be in thirtie -two degrees, fiftie seuen minutes pricked; the -wind and weather continued as before, only we -had a small showre or two of raine. From the -sixt at noone, to the seuenth at noone, seuenteene -leagues East by North, then I found the -ship to be in thirtie three degrees, the wind -and weather as before. From the seuenth at -noon, to the eight at noone, fourteene leagues -North-east, then I found the ship to be in thirtie -three degrees, thirtie two minutes, the wind -and weather continued as before. From the -eight at noon to the ninth at noone, fiue leagues -South-east, there I found the ship to be in thirtie -three degrees, twentie one minutes, the wind -at South-west, the weather very faire. From -the ninth at noone, to the tenth at noone, fiue -leagues South, the wind westerly; but for the -most part it was calme, and the weather very -faire. From the tenth at noone, to the eleuenth -at noone it was calme, and so continued vntill -nine of the clocke the same night, then it began -to blow a reasonable fresh gale at South-east, -and continued all that night betweene South-east<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_199"></a>[199]</span> -and South, and vntill the twelfth day at -noone: by which time I had sailed fifteene -leagues West southerly: then I found the ship -in thirtie three degrees, thirtie minutes. From -that time to foure of the clock the twelfth day -in the morning twelue leagues West by North, -the wind all southerly, and then it shifted betweene -South and South-west, then wee tacked -about and stood South-east, and South-east by -South: so by noone I had sayled fiue leagues -South-east by East; then I found the ship in -thirtie three degrees ten minutes. From the -thirteenth at noone, to the fourteenth at noone, -twenty leagues South-east by East, the wind -shifting betweene the South-west, and West -South-west, then I found the ship to be in thirtie -two degrees, thirtie fiue minutes. From the -fourteenth at noone, to the fifteenth at noone, -twentie leagues South-east, then I found the -ship to be in thirty two degrees, the wind as -before: then we tacked about, and lay North-west -by West. From the fifteenth at noone, to -the sixteenth at noone, twelue leagues North by -West, the wind shifting betweene South-west -and West, and the weather very stormy, with -many sudden gusts of wind and rayne.</p> - -<p>And about sixe of the clocke in the after-noone, -being to windward of our Admirall I -bare vp vnder his lee: who when I hayled him, -told me that he would tack it vp no longer,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_200"></a>[200]</span> -because hee was not able to keepe the sea any -longer, for lacke of a road and water: but that -hee would presently steere away North North-west, -to see if he could fetch Cape Cod. Which -without delay he put in execution. His directions -I followed: so from the sixteenth day at -noone, to the seuenteenth at noone I had sailed -thirtie eight leagues North North-west: then -I found my ship to be in thirtie foure degrees, -ten minutes. The seuenteenth and eighteenth -dayes were very wet and stormy, and the winds -shifting all points of the Compasse. The nineteenth -day, about foure of the clocke in the -morning it began to cleere vp, and then we had -a very stiffe gale betweene East and North-east. -From the seuenteenth at noone, to the nineteenth -at noone, I had sayled fiftie fiue leagues -North North-west, then I found the ship to -be thirtie sixe degrees, thirty minutes. From -the nineteenth at noone, to the twentieth at -noone, thirty fiue leagues North-west: then I -was in thirty seuen degrees, fifty two minutes, -the weather now was fairer and the wind all -easterly. From the twentieth at noone, to the -twentie one at noone, we sayled twenty leagues -North by West, the wind betweene East and -South-east, and the weather very faire. At the -sunne setting I obserued, and found thirteene -degrees, and an halfe of westerly variation, and -vntill midnight we had a reasonable fresh gale<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_201"></a>[201]</span> -of wind all southerly, and then it fell calme and -rained, and so continued very little wind vntill -the two and twentieth at noone, and shifting -all the points of the Compasse: yet by mine -obseruation that I made then, I found that the -ship had run twentie fiue leagues North, for I -found her to be in forty degrees, one minute, -which maketh me thinke that there was some -tide or current that did set Northward. Againe, -those that had the second watch did say, That -in their watch they did see a race, and that ship -did driue apace to the Northward, when she -had not a breath of wind.</p> - -<p>From the two and twentieth at noone, vntill -ten of the clocke at night, we had a fresh -gale of wind, betweene East and South-east, and -then it shifted all westerly, and so continued -vntill two of the clocke the twenty three in the -morning: and then it began to be very foggy -and but little wind, yet shifting all the points -of the Compasse, and so continued vntill ten of -the clocke and then it began to cleere vp. At -twelue of the clocke I obserued, and then I -found the ship to be in fortie degrees fiftie -minutes: so from the twenty two at noone, to -the twenty three at noone I had sayled twenty -leagues Northward. From the twenty three at -noone, to the twenty foure, at three of the clocke -in the morning it was calme, and then we had -a reasonable fresh gale of wind all southerly,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_202"></a>[202]</span> -and so it continued vntill noon southerly, in -which time I had sailed twelue leagues North. -And about foure of the clocke in the afternoone, -we had forty seuen fathoms of water, <span class="sidenote"><i>Fishing Banks</i></span> -which water we did find to be changed into a -grasse green in the morning, yet we would not -heaue a lead, because our Admirall was so farre -on head of vs: who about three of the clocke in -the afternoone lay by the lee, and fished till I -came vp to him: and then I fitted my selfe and -my boat, and fished vntill sixe of the clocke. -And then the Admirall fitted his sailes, and -stirred away North, whom I followed with all -the speed I could. But before seuen of the -clocke there fell such a myst, that I was faine -to shoot off a Peece, which he answered with -a Cornet that he had aboord. So with hallowing -and making a noyse one to another all the -night we kept company. About two of the -clocke, the twenty fiue day in the morning we -tooke in all our sailes, and lay at Hull vntill -fiue of the clocke: and then finding but small -store of fish, we set saile and stirred away North-west, -to fetch the mayne land to relieue our -selues with wood and water, which we stood in -great need of. About two of the clocke in the -afternoone we tooke in all our sailes and lay at -Hull, at which time I heaued the lead three -times together, and had three sundry kindes of -soundings. The first a blacke peppery sand, full<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_203"></a>[203]</span> -of peble stones. The second blacke peppery, -and no stones: The third, blacke peppery, and -two or three stones.</p> - -<p>From the fourth at noone, to the twentie -fiue, at two of the clocke in the afternoone, -I sayled thirteene leagues West North-west: -and the weather continuing very foggy, thicke, -and rainy, about fiue of the clocke it began -to cease, and then we began to fish, and so continued -vntill seuen of the clocke in betweene -thirty and forty fathoms, and then we could fish -no longer. So hauing gotten betweene twentie -and thirty Cods, we left for that night: and at -fiue of the clocke, the twenty sixe in the morning -we began to fish againe, and so continued -vntill ten of the clocke, and then it would fish -no longer: in which time we had taken neere -one hundred Cods, and a couple of Hollybuts. -All this while wee had betweene thirty and -forty fathoms water: before one of the clocke -in the afternoone we found the ship driuen -into one hundred and twenty fathoms, and soft -blacke Ose. Then Sir George Somers sent me -word, that he would set saile, and stand in for -the Riuer of Sagadahoc; whose directions I -followed.</p> - -<p>Before two of the clocke we set saile, and -stirred away North-west by North, the wind -South South-west, and the weather continued -very foggy. About eight of the clocke wee<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_204"></a>[204]</span> -tooke in all our sailes, and lay at Hull at that -night. The seuen and twentieth, about seuen -of the clocke in the morning we heaued the -lead, and had no ground in one hundred and -twentie fathoms. Then I shot off a Peece, but -could not heare none answere from our Admirall: -and the weather was so thicke, that we -could not see a Cables length from our ship. -Betweene nine and ten of the clock we did -thinke that we did heare a Peece of Ordnance -to windward: which made me suppose our -Admirall had set saile, and that it was a warning -piece from him. So I set sayle and stood close -by the wind, and kept an hollowing and a noise -to try whether I could find him againe: the -wind was at South-west, and I stood away West -North-west. From the sixe and twentieth, at -two of the clocke in the afternoone, to eight -of the clocke at night I had sayled nine leagues -North-west. The seuen and twentieth at noone -I heaued the Lead, in one hundred and twenty -fathoms, and had no ground. Then I stirred -away North-west, till foure of the clocke at -night: then I heaued the Lead againe one hundred -and twenty fathoms, and had no ground. -Then I tooke all my sailes and lay at Hull, and -I had sayled seuen leagues North-west. The -eight and twentieth, at seuen of the clocke in -the morning I did sound in one hundred and -twenty fathoms, and had no ground. Then I<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_205"></a>[205]</span> -set sayle againe, and steered away North, and -North by West. At noone I heaued in one -hundred and twenty fathoms againe, and had -no ground. So I steered on my course still, the -wind shifted betweene South and South-west, -and the fog continued. At foure of the clocke -in the afternoone, I heaued one hundred twenty -fathoms againe, and had no ground: so I stood -on vntill eight of the clocke, by which time -I had sailed twelue leagues: then I heaued the -Lead againe, and had blacke Ose, and one hundred -thirty fiue fathoms water. Then I tooke -in all my sayles and lay at hull vntill the nine -and twentieth, at fiue of the clocke in the morning. -Then I set saile againe, and steered away -North, and North by West. At eight of the -clocke I heaued the Lead againe, and had blacke -Ose in one hundred and thirty fathoms water. -Betweene eleuen and twelue of the clocke it -began to thunder, but the fogge continued not -still. About two of the clocke in the afternoone, -I went out with my Boat my selfe and -heaued the Lead, and had blacke Ose in ninety -fathoms water: by which time I had sailed six -leagues North by West more. Then I tooke -in all my sayles sauing my Fore-course and -Bonnet, and stood in with those sailes onely. -About sixe of the clocke I sounded againe, and -then I had sixty fiue fathoms water. As soone -as I came aboord it cleered vp, and then I saw<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_206"></a>[206]</span> -a small Iland, which bare North about two -leagues off; whereupon I stood in vntill eight -of the clocke: And then I stood off againe vntill -two of the clocke in the morning the thirtieth -day. Then I stood in againe, and about -eight of the clocke I was faire aboord the Iland. -Then I manned my Boat and went on shoare, -where I found great store of Seales: And I -killed three Seales with my hanger. This Iland -is not halfe a mile about, nothing but a Rocke, -which seemed to be very rich Marble stone. -And a South South-west Moon maketh a full -Sea. About ten of the clocke I came aboord -againe, with some Wood that I had found vpon -the Iland, for there had beene some folkes that -had made fiers there. <span class="sidenote"><i>Seal Rock and Matinicus outside Penobscot Bay</i></span>Then I stood ouer to another -Iland that did beare North off me about -three leagues; this small rockie Iland lyeth in -forty foure degrees. About seuen of the clocke -that night I came to an anchor among many -Ilands in eight fathoms water: and vpon one -of these Ilands I fitted my selfe with Wood and -Water, and Balast.</p> - -<p>The third day of August, <span class="sidenote"><i>August</i></span>being fitted to put -to Sea againe, I caused the Master of the ship to -open the boxe wherein my Commission was, to -see what directions I had, and for what place I -was bound to shape my course. Then I tried -whether there were any fish there or not, and -I found reasonable good store there; so I stayed<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_207"></a>[207]</span> -there fishing till the twelfth of August: and -then finding that the fishing did faile, I thought -good to returne to the Iland where I had killed -the Seales, to see whether I could get any store -of them or not; for I did find that they were -very nourishing meate, and a great reliefe to my -men, and that they would be very well saued -with salt to keepe a long time. But when I -came thither I could not by any meanes catch -any. The fourteenth day at noone I obserued -the Sun, and found the Iland to lie in forty -three degrees, forty minutes. Then I shaped -my course for Cape Cod, to see whether I could -get any fish there or not: so by the fifteenth at -noone, I had sailed thirty two leagues South-west, -the wind for the most part was betweene -North-west and North. From the fifteenth at -noone, to the sixteenth at noone I ran twenty -leagues South, the wind shifting betweene West -and South-west. And then I sounded and had -ground in eighteene fathoms water, full of shels -and peble stones of diuers colours, some greene, -and some blewish, some like diamants, and some -speckled. Then I tooke in all my sayles, and set -all my company to fishing, and fished till eight -of the clocke that night: and finding but little -fish there, I set sayle againe, and by the seuenteenth -at noone I had sayled ten leagues West -by North, the wind shifting betweene South -and South-west. From noone, till sixe of the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_208"></a>[208]</span> -clocke at night, foure leagues North-west, the -wind shifting betweene West and South-west. -Then it did blow so hard that I tooke in all my -sayles, and lay at hull all that night, vntill fiue -of the clock the eighteenth day in the morning: -and then I set saile againe, and by noone -I had sailed foure leagues North-west, the wind -betweene West and South-west. From the eighteenth -at noone, to the nineteenth at noone ten -leagues West by West, the wind shifting betweene -South and South-west, and the weather -very thick and foggy.</p> - -<p>About seuen of the clocke at night the fogge -began to breake away, and the wind did shift -westerly, and by midnight it was shifted to the -North, and there it did blow very hard vntill -the twenty at noone: but the weather was very -cleere, and then by my obseruation I found the -ship to bee in the latitude of forty one degrees, -forty foure minutes, and I had sailed twenty -leagues South-west by West. From the nineteenth -at noone, to the twentieth at noone: -about two of the clocke in the afternoone I did -see an Hed-land, <span class="sidenote"><i>Cape Cod</i></span>which did beare off me South-west, -about foure leagues: so I steered with it, -taking it to bee Cape Cod; and by foure of the -clocke I was fallen among so many shoales, that -it was fiue of the clocke the next day in the -morning before I could get cleere of them, it -is a very dangerous place to fall withall: for the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_209"></a>[209]</span> -shoales lie at the least ten leagues off from the -Land; and I had vpon one of them but one -fathom and an halfe water, and my Barke did -draw seuen foot. This Land lyeth South-west, -and North-east, and the shoales lie off from it -South and South by West, and so along toward -the North. At the North-west by West Guards -I obserued the North-starre, and found the ship -to be in the latitude of fortie one degrees, fiftie -minutes, being then in the middle of the -Sholdes: and I did finde thirteene degrees westerly -variation then likewise. Thus finding the -place not to be for my turne, as soon as I was -cleere of these dangers, I thought it fit to returne -to Iames Towne in Virginia, to the Lord -De-lawarre, my Lord Gouernour, and there to -attend his command: so I shaped my course for -that place.</p> - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_210"></a>[210]</span><br /> - <span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_211"></a>[211]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<hr class="fulla" /> -<hr class="fulla" /> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="John_Smith"> -<span class="antiqua fs135">John Smith</span><br /> -<span class="lsp2">1614</span><br /> -MONHEGAN</h2> -</div> - -<hr class="fulla" /> -<hr class="fulla" /> - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_212"></a>[212]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter blockquot"> - -<p class="noindent"><span class="smcap">John Smith</span>, <em>in the autumn of 1609, returned to England -from Virginia, to answer charges against his administration, -and thereafter he had no official connection -with that colony. Two years later he was sent to New -England by some London merchants who had engaged -in a trading and fishing venture. While his companions -were occupied with the business of securing a return -cargo, Smith made an exploring trip along the coast. -His observations, supplemented by charts and information -secured from other navigators, enabled him to prepare -the first published map which gives an accurate -contour of the coast. In 1615 Smith made two unsuccessful -attempts to revisit New England, and in 1617 he -again planned to take part in an expedition which never -left port. His “Description of New-England,” printed -in 1616, was followed in 1620 by his “New-Englands -Trials,” which contains a brief summary of the voyages -and attempts at colonization northward of Virginia.</em></p> -</div> - - -<div class="chapter"></div> -<div class="figcenter illowp60" id="i212" style="max-width: 30em;"> -<div class="bbox"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i212.jpg" alt="" /> -</div> - <div class="caption"><em>Earliest Book in which the Name “New England” occurs</em></div> - -<div class="p1 chapter fs80"> -A<br /> -DESCRIPTION<br /> -of <em>New England</em>:<br /> -<br /> -<em>OR</em><br /> -<br /> -THE OBSERVATIONS, AND<br /> -discoueries, of Captain <em>Iohn Smith</em> (Admirall<br /> -of that Country) in the North of <em>America</em>, in the year<br /> -<em>of our Lord 1614: with the successe of sixe Ships,<br /> -that went the next yeare 1615; and the</em><br /> -accidents befell him among the<br /> -<em>French men of warre</em>:<br /> -<br /> -With the proofe of the present benefit this<br /> -Countrey affoords: whither this present yeare,<br /> -<em>1616, eight voluntary Ships are gone<br /> -to make further tryall</em>.<br /> -<br /> -<em>At LONDON</em><br /> -Printed by <em>Humfrey Lownes</em>, for <em>Robert Clerke</em>; and<br /> -are to be sould at his house called the Lodge,<br /> -in Chancery lane, ouer against Lincolnes<br /> -Inne, 1616. -</div> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_213"></a>[213</span><br /></p> - -<div class="chapter"></div> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i213" style="max-width: 37.5em;"> -<div class="bbox"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i213.jpg" alt="(Decorative banner)" /> -</div> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<div class="blockquot fs135"> - -<p class="negin1">A DESCRIPTION -of <em>New England</em>, by <em>Captaine</em> -<span class="smcap">John Smith</span>.</p> -</div> -</div> - -<p class="drop-cap">IN the moneth of Aprill, 1614, with two -Ships from London, <span class="sidenote"><i>April 1614</i></span>of a few Marchants, -I chanced to arrive in New-England, a -parte of Ameryca, at the Ile of Monahiggan, in -43½ of Northerly latitude: <span class="sidenote"><i>Monhegan</i></span>our plot was there -to take Whales and make tryalls of a Myne of -Gold and Copper. If those failed, Fish and -Furres was then our refuge, to make our selves -savers howsoever: we found this Whalefishing -a costly conclusion: we saw many, and spent -much time in chasing them; but could not kill -any: They beeing a kinde of Iubartes, and not -the Whale that yeeldes Finnes and Oyle as wee -expected. For our Golde, it was rather the -Masters device to get a voyage that proiected it, -then any knowledge hee had at all of any such -matter. Fish and Furres was now our guard: -and by our late arrival, and long lingring about -the Whale, the prime of both those seasons -were past ere wee perceived it; we thinking -that their seasons served at all times: but wee -found it otherwise; for by the midst of Iune,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_214"></a>[214]</span> -the fishing failed. Yet in Iuly and August some -was taken, but not sufficient to defray so great -a charge as our stay required. Of dry fish we -made about 40000. of Cor-fish about 7000. -Whilest the sailers fished, my selfe with eight -or nine others of them might best bee spared; -Ranging the coast in a small boat, wee got -for trifles neer 1100 Bever skinnes, 100 Martins, -and neer as many Otters; and the most of -them within the distance of twenty leagues. -We ranged the Coast both East and West much -furder; but Eastwards our commodities were -not esteemed, they were so neare the French -who affords them better: and right against us -in the Main was a Ship of Sir Frances Popphames, -that had there such acquaintance, having -many yeares used onely that porte, <span class="sidenote"><i>Sagadahock Colony</i></span>that the most -parte there was had by him. And 40 leagues -westwards were two French Ships, that had -made there a great voyage by trade, during the -time wee tryed those conclusions, not knowing -the Coast, nor Salvages habitation. With these -Furres, the Traine, and Cor-fish I returned for -England in the Bark: where within six monthes -after our departure from the Downes, we safe -arrived back. The best of this fish was solde for -five pound the hundreth, the rest by ill usage -betwixt three pound and fifty shillings. The -other Ship staied to fit herselfe for Spaine with -the dry fish which was sould, by the Sailers<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_215"></a>[215]</span> -reporte that returned, at forty ryalls the quintall, -each hundred weighing two quintalls and -a halfe.</p> - -<p>New England is that part of America in -the Ocean Sea opposite to Nova Albyon <span class="sidenote"><i>California</i></span>in the -South Sea; discovered by the most memorable -Sir Francis Drake in his voyage about the worlde. -In regarde whereto this is stiled New England, -beeing in the same latitude. New France, off -it, is Northward: Southwardes is Virginia, and -all the adioyning Continent, with New Granado, -New Spain, New Andolosia and the West -Indies. Now because I have beene so oft asked -such strange questions, of the goodnesse and -greatnesse of those spatious Tracts of land, how -they can bee thus long unknown, or not possessed -by the Spaniard, and many such like demands; -I intreat your pardons, if I chance to -be too plaine, or tedious in relating my knowledge -for plaine mens satisfaction.</p> - -<p>Florida is the next adioyning to the Indies, -which unprosperously was attempted to bee -planted by the French. <span class="sidenote"><i>Ribault Colony 1565</i></span>A Country farre bigger -then England, Scotland, France and Ireland, -yet little knowne to any Christian, but by the -wonderful endevours of Ferdinando de Soto a -valiant Spaniard: whose writings in this age is -the best guide knowne to search those parts.</p> - -<p>Virginia is no Ile (as many doe imagine) but -part of the Continent adioyning to Florida;<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_216"></a>[216]</span> -whose bounds may be stretched to the magnitude -thereof without offence to any Christian -inhabitant. For from the degrees of 30. to 45. -his Maiestie hath granted his Letters patents, -the Coast extending South-west and North-east -aboute 1500 miles; but to follow it aboard, -the shore may well be 2000. at the least: of -which, 20. miles is the most gives entrance into -the Bay of Chisapeak, where is the London -plantation: within which is a Country (as you -may perceive by the description in a Booke and -Map printed in my name of that little I there -discovered) may well suffice 300000 people to -inhabit. And Southward adioyneth that part -discovered at the charge of Sir Walter Rawley, -by Sir Ralph Lane, and that learned Mathematician -Mr. Thomas Heryot. Northward six or -seaven degrees is the River Sadagahock, where -was planted the Westerne Colony, by that Honourable -Patrone of vertue Sir Iohn Poppham -Lord chief Iustice of England. Ther is also -a relation printed by Captaine Bartholomew -Gosnould, of Elizabeths Iles: and an other by -Captaine Waymoth, of Pemmaquid. From all -these diligent observers, posterity may be bettered -by the fruits of their labours. But for -divers others that long before and since have -ranged those parts, within a kenning sometimes -of the shore, some touching in one place some -in another, I must entreat them pardon me for<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_217"></a>[217]</span> -omitting them; or if I offend in saying that their -true descriptions are concealed, or never well -observed, or died with the Authors: so that the -Coast is yet still but even as a Coast unknowne -and undiscovered. I have had six or seaven severall -plots of those Northren parts, so unlike -each to other, and most so differing from any -true proportion, or resemblance of the Countrey, -as they did mee no more good, then so -much waste paper, though they cost me more. -It may be it was not my chance to see the -best; but least others may be deceived as I was, -or throgh dangerous ignorance hazard themselves -as I did, I have drawen a Map from Point -to Point, Ile to Ile, and Harbour to Harbour, -with the Soundings, Sands, Rocks, and Landmarks -as I passed close aboard the Shore in a -little Boat; although there be many things to -bee observed which the haste of other affaires -did cause me omit: for, being sent more to get -present commodities, then knowledge by discoveries -for any future good, I had not power -to search as I would: yet it will serve to direct -any shall goe that waies, to safe Harbours and -the Salvages habitations: What marchandize -and commodities for their labour they may -finde, this following discourse shall plainely -demonstrate.</p> - -<p>Thus you may see, of this 2000. miles more -than halfe is yet unknowne to any purpose: no<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_218"></a>[218]</span> -not so much as the borders of the Sea are yet -certainly discovered. As for the goodnes and -true substances of the Land, wee are for most -part yet altogether ignorant of them, unlesse -it be those parts about the Bay of Chisapeack -and Sagadahock: but onely here and there wee -touched or have seene a little the edges of those -large dominions, which doe stretch themselves -into the Maine, God doth know how many thousand -miles; whereof we can yet no more iudge, -then a stranger that saileth betwixt England and -France can describe the Harbors and dangers -by landing here or there in some River or Bay, -tell thereby the goodnesse and substances of -Spaine, Italy, Germany, Bohemia, Hungaria and -the rest. By this you may perceive how much -they erre, that think every one which hath been -at Virginia understandeth or knowes what Virginia -is: Or that the Spaniards know one halfe -quarter of those Territories they possesse; no, -not so much as the true circumference of Terra -Incognita, whose large dominions may equalize -the greatnesse and goodnes of America, for any -thing yet known. It is strange with what small -power hee hath raigned in the East Indies; and -few will understand the truth of his strength in -America: where he having so much to keepe -with such a pampered force, they neede not -greatly feare his furie, in the Bermudas, Virginia, -New France, or New England; beyond<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_219"></a>[219]</span> -whose bounds America doth stretch many thousand -miles: into the frozen partes whereof one -Master Hutson an English Mariner did make -the greatest discoverie of any Christian I knowe -of, <span class="sidenote"><i>Hudson’s Bay</i></span>where he unfortunately died. For Affrica, -had not the industrious Portugales ranged her -unknowne parts, who would have sought for -wealth among those fryed Regions of blacke -brutish Negers, where notwithstanding all the -wealth and admirable adventures and endeavours -more than 140 yeares, they knowe not one -third of those blacke habitations. But it is not -a worke for every one, to manage such an affaire -as makes a discoverie, and plants a Colony: -It requires all the best parts of Art, Iudgement, -Courage, Honesty, Constancy, Diligence and -Industrie, to doe but neere well. Some are more -proper for one thing then another; and therein -are to be imployed: and nothing breedes more -confusion than misplacing and mis-imploying -men in their undertakings. Columbus, Cortez, -Pitzara, Soto, Magellanes, and the rest served -more than a prentiship to learne how to begin -their most memorable attempts in the West -Indies; which to the wonder of all ages successfully -they effected, when many hundreds -of others farre above them in the worlds opinion, -beeing instructed but by relation, came to -shame and confusion in actions of small moment, -who doubtlesse in other matters, were<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_220"></a>[220]</span> -both wise, discreet, generous, and couragious. -I say not this to detract any thing from their -incomparable merits, but to answer those questionlesse -questions that keep us back from imitating -the worthinesse of their brave spirits that -advanced themselves from poore Souldiers to -great Captaines, their posterity to great Lords, -their King to be one of the greatest Potentates -on earth, end the fruites of their labours, his -greatest glory, power and renowne.</p> - -<p>That part wee call New England is betwixt -the degrees of 41. and 45: but that parte this -discourse speaketh of, stretcheth but from Pennobscot -to Cape Cod, some 75 leagues by a -right line distant each from other: within which -bounds I have seene at least 40. severall habitations -upon the Sea Coast, and sounded about -25 excellent good Harbours; In many whereof -there is ancorage for 500. sayle of ships of any -burthen; in some of them for 5000: And more -than 200 Iles overgrowne with good timber, of -divers sorts of wood, which doe make so many -harbours as requireth a longer time than I had, -to be well discovered.</p> - -<p>The principall habitation Northward we -were at was Penobscot: Southward along the -Coast and up the Rivers we found Mecadacut, -Segocket, Pemmaquid, Nusconcus, Kenebeck, -Sagadahock, and Aumoughcawgen; And to -those Countries belong the people of Segotago,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_221"></a>[221]</span> -Paghhuntanuck, Pocopassum, Taughtanakagnet, -Warbigganus, Nassaque, Masherosqueck, -Wawrigweck, Moshoquen, Wakcogo, Pasharanack, -&c. To these are allied the Countries of -Aucocisco, Accominticus, Passataquack, Aggawom -and Naemkeck: all these, I could perceive, -differ little in language, fashion, or government: -though most be Lords of themselves, yet they -hold the Bashabes of Pennobscot, the chiefe and -greatest amongst them.</p> - -<p>The next I can remember by name are Mattahunts; -two pleasant Iles of groves, gardens and -corne fields a league in the Sea from the Mayne. -Then Totant, Massachuset, Pocapawmet, Quonahassit, -Sagoquas, Nahapassumkeck, Topeent, -Seccasaw, Totheet, Nasnocomacak, Accomack, -Chawum; Then Cape Cod by which is Pawmet -and the Ile Nawset of the language, and alliance -of them of Chawum: The others are called -Massachusets; of another language, humor and -condition: For their trade and marchandize; -to each of their habitations they have diverse -Townes and people belonging; and by their -relations and descriptions, more than 20 severall -Habitations and Rivers that stretch themselves -farre up into the Countrey, even to the borders -of diverse great Lakes, where they kill and take -most of their Bevers and Otters. From Pennobscot -to Sagadahock this Coast is all Mountainous -and Iles of huge Rocks, but overgrowen<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_222"></a>[222]</span> -with all sorts of excellent good woodes for -building houses, boats, barks or shippes; with -an incredible abundance of most sorts of fish, -much fowle, and sundry sorts of good fruites -for mans use.</p> - -<p>Betwixt Sagadahock and Sowocatuck there -is but two or three sandy Bayes, but betwixt -that and Cape Cod very many: especially the -Coast of the Massachusets is so indifferently -mixed with high clayie or sandy cliffes in one -place, and then tracts of large long ledges of -divers sorts, and quarries of stones in other places -so strangely divided with tinctured veines of -divers colours: as, Free stone for building, Slate -for tiling, smooth stone to make Fornaces and -Forges for glasse or iron, and iron ore sufficient, -conveniently to melt in them: but the most -part so resembleth the Coast of Devonshire, I -thinke most of the cliffes would make such -limestone: If they be not of these qualities, they -are so like, they may deceive a better iudgement -then mine; all which are so neere adioyning -to those other advantages I observed in these -parts, that if the Ore prove as good iron and -steele in those parts, as I know it is within the -bounds of the Countrey, I dare engage my head -(having but men skilfull to worke the simples -there growing) to have all things belonging to -the building the rigging of shippes of any proportion, -and good marchandize for the fraught,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_223"></a>[223]</span> <span class="sidenote"><i>Freight</i></span> -within a square of 10 or 14 leagues: and were it -for a good rewarde, I would not feare to prooue -it in a lesse limitation.</p> - -<p>And surely by reason of those sandy cliffes -and cliffes of rocks, both which we saw so -planted with Gardens and Corne fields, and so -well inhabited with a goodly, strong and well -proportioned people, besides the greatnesse of -the Timber growing on them, the greatnesse -of the fish and moderate temper of the ayre (for -of twentie five, not any was sicke, but two that -were many yeares diseased before they went, -notwithstanding our bad lodging and accidentall -diet) who can but approoue this is a most -excellent place, both for health and fertility? -And of all the foure parts of the world that I -have yet seene not inhabited, could I have but -meanes to transport a Colonie, I would rather -live here than any where: and if it did not -maintaine it selfe, were wee but once indifferently -well fitted, let us starve.</p> - -<p>The maine Staple, from hence to bee extracted -for the present to produce the rest, is -fish; which however it may seeme a mean and a -base commoditie: yet who will but truely take -the pains and consider the sequell, I thinke will -allow it well worth the labour. It is strange to -see what great adventures the hopes of setting -forth men of war to rob the industrious innocent, -would procure: or such massie promises<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_224"></a>[224]</span> -in grosse: though more are choked then well -fedde with such hastie hopes. But who doth -not know that the poore Hollanders, chiefly -by fishing, at a great charge and labour in all -weathers in the open Sea, are made a people -so hardy, and industrious? and by the venting -this poore commodity to the Easterlings for -as meane, which is Wood, Flax, Pitch, Tarre, -Rosin, Cordage, and such like (which they exchange -againe, to the French, Spaniards, Portugales, -and English, &c. for what they want) -are made so mighty, strong and rich, as no State -but Venice, of twice their magnitude, is so well -furnished with so many faire Cities, goodly -Townes, strong Fortresses, and that aboundance -of shipping and all sorts of marchandize, as well -of Golde, Silver, Pearles, Diamonds, Pretious -Stones, Silkes, Velvets, and Cloth of golde; as -Fish, Pitch, Wood, or such grosse commodities? -What Voyages and Discoveries, East and West, -North and South, yea about the world, make -they? What an Army by Sea and Land, have -they long maintained in despite of one of the -greatest Princes of the world? And never could -the Spaniard with all his Mynes of golde and -Silver, pay his debts, his friends, and army, halfe -so truly, as the Hollanders stil have done by -this contemptible trade of fish. Divers (I know) -may alledge, many other assistances: But this -is their Myne; and the Sea the source of those<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_225"></a>[225]</span> -silvered streams of all their vertue; which hath -made them now the very miracle of industrie, -the pattern of perfection for these affaires: and -the benefit of fishing is that Primum mobile that -turns all their Spheres to this height of plentie, -strength, honour and admiration.</p> - -<p>Herring, Cod, and Ling, is that triplicitie -that makes their wealth and shippings multiplicities, -such as it is, and from which (few would -thinke it) they yearly draw at least one million -and a halfe of pounds starling; yet it is most -certaine (if records be true:) and in this faculty -they are so naturalized, and of their vents so -certainly acquainted, as there is no likelihood -they will ever bee paralleld, having 2 or 3000 -Busses, Flat bottomes, Sword pinks, Todes, and -such like, that breedes them Saylers, Mariners, -Souldiers and Marchants, never to be wrought -out of that trade, and fit for any other. I will -not deny but others may gaine as well as they, -that will use it, though not so certainely, nor so -much in quantity; for want of experience. And -this Herring they take upon the Coast of Scotland -and England; their Cod and Ling, upon -the Coast of Izeland and in the North Seas.</p> - -<p>Hamborough, and the East Countries, for -Sturgion and Caviare, gets many thousands of -pounds from England, and the Straites: Portugale, -the Biskaines, and the Spaniards, make -40 or 50 Saile yearely to Cape-blank, to hooke<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_226"></a>[226]</span> -for Porgos, Mullet, and make Puttardo: and -New found Land, doth yearely fraught neere -800 sayle of Ships with a sillie leane skinny -Poore-Iohn, and Cor-fish, which at least yearely -amounts to 3 or 400000 pound. If from all -those parts such paines is taken for this poore -gaines of fish, and by them hath neither meate, -drinke, nor clothes, wood, iron, nor steele, pitch, -tarre, nets, leades, salt, hookes, nor lines, for -shipping, fishing, nor provision, but at the second, -third, fourth, or fift hand, drawne from so -many severall parts of the world ere they come -together to be used in this voyage: If these I -say can gaine, and the Saylers live going for -shares, lesse then the third part of their labours, -and yet spend as much time in going and comming -as in staying there, so short is the season -of fishing; why should wee more doubt, -then Holland, Portugale, Spaniard, French, or -other, but to doe much better then they, where -there is victuall to feede us, wood of all sorts, -to build Boats, Ships, or Barks; the fish at our -doores, pitch, tarre, masts, yards, and most of -other necessaries onely for making? And here -are no hard Landlords to racke us with high -rents, or extorted fines to consume us, no tedious -pleas in law to consume us with their many -years disputations for Iustice: no multitudes to -occasion such impediments to good orders, as -in popular States. So freely hath God and his<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_227"></a>[227]</span> -Maiesty bestowed those blessings on them that -will attempt to obtaine them, as here every man -may be master and owner of his owne labour -and land; or the greatest part in a small time. -If hee have nothing but his hands, he may set -up this trade: and by industrie quickly grow -rich; spending but halfe that time wel, which -in England we abuse in idlenes, worse or as ill. -Here is ground also as good as any lyeth in the -height of forty one, forty two, forty three, &c. -which is as temperate and as fruitfule as any -other paralell in the world. As for example, on -this side the line West of it in the South Sea, is -Nova Albion, discovered as is said, by Sir Francis -Drake. East from it, is the most temperate part -of Portugale, the ancient kingdomes of Galazia, -Biskey, Navarre, Arragon, Catalonia, Castilia -the olde and the most moderatest of Castilia -the new, and Valentia, which is the greatest part -of Spain: which if the Spanish Histories bee -true, in the Romanes time abounded no lesse -with golde and silver Mines, then now the West -Indies; The Romanes then using the Spaniards -to work in those Mines, as now the Spaniard -doth the Indians.</p> - -<p>In France, the Provinces of Gasconie, Langadock, -Avignon, Province, Dolphine, Pyamont, -and Turyne, are in the same paralel: which are -the best and richest parts of France. In Italy, -the provinces of Genua, Lumbardy, and Verona,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_228"></a>[228]</span> -with a great part of the most famous -State of Venice, the Dukedoms of Bononia, -Mantua, Ferrara, Ravenna, Bolognia, Florence, -Pisa, Sienna, Urbine, Ancona, and the ancient -Citie and Countrey of Rome, with a great part -of the great Kingdome of Naples. In Slavonia, -Istrya, and Dalmatia, with the Kingdomes of -Albania. In Grecia, that famous Kingdome -of Macedonia, Bulgaria, Thessalia, Thracia, or -Romania, where is seated the most pleasant -and plentifull Citie in Europe, Constantinople. -In Asia also, in the same latitude, are the temperatest -parts of Natolia, Armenia, Persia, and -China, besides divers other large Countries and -Kingdomes in these most milde and temperate -Regions of Asia. Southward, in the same -height, is the richest of golde Mynes, Chily and -Baldivia, and the mouth of the great River of -Plate, &c: for all the rest of the world in that -height is yet unknowne. Besides these reasons, -mine owne eyes that have seene a great part of -those Cities and their Kingdomes, as well as it, -can finde no advantage they have in nature, but -this. They are beautified by the long labor and -diligence of industrious people and Art. This -is onely as God made it, when he created the -worlde. Therefore I conclude, if the heart and -intralls of those Regions were sought: if their -Land were cultured, planted and manured by -men of industrie, iudgement, and experience;<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_229"></a>[229]</span> -what hope is there, or what neede they doubt, -having those advantages of the Sea, but it might -equalize any of those famous Kingdomes, in all -commodities, pleasures, and conditions? seeing -even the very edges doe naturally afford us such -plenty, as no ship need returne away empty; -and onely use but the season of the Sea, fish -will returne an honest gaine, beside all other -advantages; her treasures having yet never beene -opened, nor her originalls wasted, consumed, -nor abused.</p> - -<p>And whereas it is said, the Hollanders serve -the Easterlings themselves, and other parts that -want with Herring, Ling, and wet Cod; the -Easterlings, a great part of Europe, with Sturgion -and Caviare; Cape-blanke, Spain, Portugale, -and the Levant, with Mullet, and Puttargo; -New found Land, all Europe, with a thin Poore -Iohn; yet all is so overlade with fishers, as the -fishing decayeth, and many are constrained to -returne with a small fraught. Norway, and Polonia, -Pitch, Tar, Masts, and Yardes; Sweathland, -and Russia, Iron, and Ropes; France, and -Spaine, Canvas, Wine, Steele, Iron, and Oyle; -Italy and Greece, Silks, and Fruites. I dare -boldly say, because I have seen naturally growing, -or breeding in those parts the same materialls -that all those are made of, they may as -well be had here, or the most part of them, -within the distance of 70 leagues for some few<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_230"></a>[230]</span> -ages, as from all those parts; using but the same -meanes to have them that they doe, and with -all those advantages.</p> - -<p>First, the ground is so fertill, that questionless -it is capable of producing any Grain, Fruits, -or Seeds you will sow or plant, growing in the -Regions afore named: But it may be, not every -kinde to that perfection of delicacy; or some -tender plants may miscarie, because the Summer -is not so hot, and the winter is more colde -in those parts wee have yet tryed neere the Sea -side, then we finde in the same height in Europe -or Asia; <span class="sidenote"><i>Monhegan</i></span>Yet I made a Garden upon the -top of a Rockie Ile in 43½, 4 leagues from the -Main, in May, that grew so well, as it served -us for sallets in Iune and Iuly. All sorts of -cattell may here be bred and fed in the Iles, -or Peninsulaes, securely for nothing. In the Interim -till they encrease if need be (observing -the seasons) I durst undertake to have corne -enough from the Salvages for 300 men, for a -few trifles; and if they should bee untoward -(as it is most certaine they are) thirty or forty -good men will be sufficient to bring them all -in subiection, and make this provision; if they -understand what they doe: 200 whereof may -nine monethes in the yeare be imployed in -making marchandable fish, till the rest provide -other necessaries, fit to furnish us with other -commodities.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_231"></a>[231]</span></p> - -<p>In March, April, May, and halfe Iune, here -is Cod in abundance; in May, Iune, Iuly, and -August Mullet and Sturgion; whose roes doe -make Caviare and Puttargo. Herring, if any -desire them, I have taken many out of the -bellies of Cod, some in nets; but the Salvages -compare their store in the Sea, to the haires -of their heads: and surely there are an incredible -abundance upon this Coast. In the end of -August, September, October, and November, -you have Cod againe to make Cor-fish, or Poore -Iohn: and each hundred is as good as two -or three hundred in the New-found Land. So -that halfe the labour in hooking, splitting, and -turning, is saved: and you may have your fish -at what Market you will, before they can have -any in New-found Land: where their fishing -is chiefly but in Iune and Iuly: whereas it is -heere in March, April, May, September, October, -and November, as is said. So that by -reason of this plantation, the Marchants may -have fraught both out and home: which yeelds -an advantage worth consideration.</p> - -<p>Your Cor-fish you may in like manner transport -as you see cause, to serve the Ports in Portugale -(as Lisbon, Avera, Porta port, and divers -others, or what market you please) before your -Ilanders returne: They being tyed to the season -in the open sea; you having a double season, -and fishing before your doors, may every night<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_232"></a>[232]</span> -sleep quietly a shore with good cheare and what -fires you will, or when you please with your -wives and familie: they onely, their ships in the -maine Ocean.</p> - -<p>The Mullets heere are in that abundance, -you may take them with nets, sometimes by -hundreds, where at Cape blank they hooke -them; yet those but one foot and a halfe in -length; these two, three, or foure, as oft I have -measured: much Salmon some have found up -the Rivers, as they have passed: and heer the -ayre is so temperate, as all these at any time -may well be preserved.</p> - -<p>Now, young boyes and girles Salvages, or -any other, be they never such idlers, may turne, -carry, and return fish, without either shame or -any great paine: hee is very idle that is past -twelve yeares of age and cannot doe so much: -and she is very olde, that cannot spin a thred to -make engines to catch them.</p> - -<p>For their transportation, the ships that go -there to fish may transport the first: who for -their passage will spare the charge of double -manning their ships, which they must doe in -the New-found Land, to get their fraught; but -one third part of that companie are onely but -proper to serve a stage, carry a barrow, and turne -Poor Iohn: notwithstanding, they must have -meate, drinke, clothes, and pattage, as well as the -rest. Now all I desire, is but this; That those<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_233"></a>[233]</span> -that voluntarily will send shipping, should make -here the best choice they can, or accept such -as are presented them, to serve them at that -rate: and their ships returning leave such with -me, with the value of that they should receive -comming home, in such provisions and necessarie -tooles, armes, bedding and apparell, salt, -hookes, nets, lines, and such like as they spare -of the remainings; who till the next returne -may keepe their boates and doe them many -other profitable offices: provided I have men -of ability to teach them their functions, and a -company fit for Souldiers to be Ready upon an -occasion; because of the abuses which have -beene offered the poore Salvages, and the liberty -both French or any that will, hath to deale -with them as they please: whose disorders will -be hard to reforme; and the longer the worse. -Now such order with facilitie might be taken, -with every port Towne or Citie, to observe but -this order, With free power to convert the benefits -of their fraughts to what advantage they -please, and increase their numbers as they see -occasion; who ever as they are able to subsist of -themselves, may beginne the new Townes in -New England in memory of their olde: which -freedome being confined but to the necessity of -the generall good, the event (with Gods helpe) -might produce an honest, a noble, and a profitable -emulation.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_234"></a>[234]</span></p> - -<p>Salt upon salt may assuredly be made; if not -at the first in ponds, yet till they bee provided -this may be used: then the Ships may transport -Kine, Horse, Goates, course Cloath, and such -commodities as we want; by whose arrivall may -be made that provision of fish to fraught the -Ships that they stay not: and then if the sailers -goe for wages, it matters not. It is hard if this -returne defray not the charge: but care must -be had, they arrive in the Spring, or else provision -be made for them against the Winter.</p> - -<p>Of certaine red berries called Alkermes -which is worth ten shillings a pound, but of -these hath been sould for thirty or forty shillings -the pound, may yearely be gathered a good -quantitie.</p> - -<p>Of the Musk Rat may bee well raised gaines, -well worth their labour, that will endevor to -make tryall of their goodnesse.</p> - -<p>Of Bevers, Otters, Martins, Blacke Foxes, and -Furres of price, may yearely be had 6 or 7000: -and if the trade of the French were prevented, -many more: 25000 this yeare were brought -from those Northren parts into France; of -which trade we may have as good part as the -French, if we take good courses.</p> - -<p>Of Mynes of Golde and Silver, Copper, and -probabilities of Lead, Christall and Allum, I -could say much if relations were good assurances. -It is true indeed, I made many trials<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_235"></a>[235]</span> -according to those instructions I had, which doe -perswade mee I need not despaire, but there -are metalls in the Countrey: but I am no Alchymist, -nor will promise more then I know: -which is, Who will undertake the rectifying of -an Iron forge, if those that buy meate, drinke, -coals, ore, and all necessaries at a deer rate -gaine; where all these things are to be had for -the taking up, in my opinion cannot lose.</p> - -<p>Of woods, seeing there is such plenty of all -sorts, if those that build ships and boates, buy -wood at so great a price, as it is in England, -Spaine, France, Italy, and Holland, and all -other provisions for the nourishing of mans -life; live well by their trade: when labour is -all required to take those necessaries without -any other tax; what hazard will be here, but -doe much better? And what commoditie in -Europe doth more decay then wood? For the -goodnesse of the ground, let us take it fertill, -or barren, or as it is: seeing it is certaine it -beares fruites, to nourish and feed man and -beast, as well as England, and the Sea those -severall sorts of fish I have related. Thus seeing -all good provisions for mans sustenance, may -with this facility be had, by a little extraordinarie -labour, till that transported be increased; -and all necessaries for shipping, onely for labour: -to which may bee added the assistance of -the Salvages, which may easily be had, if they<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_236"></a>[236]</span> -be discreetly handled in their kindes, towards -fishing, planting and destroying woods. What -gaines might be raised if this were followed -(when there is but once men to fill your store -houses, dwelling there, you may serve all Europe -better and farre cheaper, then can the Izeland -fishers, or the Hollanders, Cape blank, or New -found Land: who must be at as much more -charge than you) may easily be coniectured by -this example.</p> - -<p>2000. pound will fit out a ship of 200. and 1 -of a 100 tuns: If the dry fish they both make, -fraught that of 200. and goe for Spaine, sell it -but at ten shillings a quintall; but commonly -it giveth fifteen, or twentie: especially when it -commeth first, which amounts to 3 or 4000 -pound: but say but tenne, which is the lowest, -allowing the rest for waste, it amounts at that -rate, to 2000 pound, which is the whole charge -of your two ships, and their equipage: Then -the returne of the money, and the fraught of -the ship for the vintage, or any other voyage, is -cleere gaine, with your shippe of a 100 tuns of -Train and oyle, besides the bevers, and other -commodities; and that you may have at home -within six monethes, if God please but to send -an ordinarie passage. Then saving halfe this -charge by the not staying of your ships, your -victual, overplus of men and wages; with her -fraught thither of things necessarie for the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_237"></a>[237]</span> -planters, the salt being there made: as also may -the nets and lines, within a short time: if nothing -were to bee expected but this, it might -in time equalize your Hollanders gaines, if not -exceed them: they returning but wood, pitch, -tarre, and such grosse commodities; you wines, -oyles, fruits, silkes, and such Straits commodities, -as you please to provide by your Factors, -against such times as your shippes arrive with -them. This would so increase our shipping and -sailers, and so employ and encourage a great -part of our idlers and others that want imployments -fitting their qualities at home, where -they shame to doe that they would doe abroad; -that could they but once taste the sweet fruites -of their owne labours, doubtlesse many thousands -would be advised by good discipline, to -take more pleasure in honest Industrie, then in -their humours of dissolute idlenesse.</p> - -<p>But, to returne a little more to the particulars -of this Countrey, which I intermingle thus -with my proiects and reasons, not being so sufficiently -yet acquainted in those parts, to write -fully the estate of the Sea, the Ayre, the Land, -the Fruites, the Rocks, the People, the Government, -Religion, Territories, and Limitations, -Friends, and Foes: but, as I gathered from the -niggardly relations in a broken language to my -understanding, during the time I ranged those -countries &c. The most Northren part I was<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_238"></a>[238]</span> -at, was the Bay of Pennobscot, <span class="sidenote"><i>Penobscot</i></span>which is East -and West, North and South, more then ten -leagues: but such were my occasions, I was -constrained to be satisfied of them I found in -the Bay, that the River ranne farre up into the -Land, and was well inhabited with many people, -but they were from their habitations, either -fishing among the Iles, or hunting the Lakes -and Woods, for Deer and Bevers. The Bay is -full of great Ilands, of one, two, six, eight, or -ten miles in length, which divides it into many -faire and excellent good harbours. On the East -of it, are the Tarrantines, their mortall enemies, -where inhabit the French, as they report -that live with those people, as one nation or -family. And Northwest of Pennobscot is Mecaddacut, -at the foot of a high mountaine, a -kinde of fortresse against the Tarrantines, adioyning -to the high mountaines of Pennobscot, -against whose feet doth beat the Sea: But over -all the Land, Iles, or other impediments, you -may well see them sixteene or eighteene leagues -from their situation. Segocket is the next; then -Nusconcus, Pemmaquid, and Sagadahock. Up -this river where was the westerne plantation -are Aumuckcawgen, Kinnebeck, and divers -others, where there is planted some corne fields. -Along this River 40 or 50 miles, I saw nothing -but great high cliffes of barren Rocks, overgrowne -with wood: but where the Salvages<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_239"></a>[239]</span> -dwelt there the ground is exceeding fat and fertill. -Westward of this River, is the Countrey -of Aucocisco, in the bottome of a large deepe -Bay, full of many great Iles, which divides it -into many good harbours. Sowocotuck is the -next, in the edge of a large sandy Bay, which -hath many Rocks and Iles, but few good harbours, -but for Barks, I yet know. But all this -Coast to Pennobscot, and as farre I could see -Eastward of it is nothing but such high craggy -Cliffy Rocks and stony Iles, that I wondered -such great trees could growe upon so hard foundations. -It is a Countrie rather to affright, then -delight one. And how to describe a more -plaine spectacle of desolation or more barren I -knowe not. Yet the Sea there is the strangest -fish-pond I ever saw; and those barren Iles so -furnished with good woods, springs, fruits, fish, -and fowle, that it makes mee thinke though -the Coast be rockie, and thus affrightable; the -Vallies, Plaines, and interior parts, may well -(notwithstanding) be verie fertile. But there -is no kingdom so fertile hath not some part -barren: and New England is great enough, to -make many Kingdomes and Countries, were -it all inhabited. As you passe the Coast still -Westward, Accominticus and Passataquack are -two convenient harbors for small barks; and a -good Countrie, within their craggie cliffs. Angoam -is the next; This place might content a<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_240"></a>[240]</span> -right curious iudgement: but there are many -sands at the entrance of the harbor: and the -worst is, it is inbayed too farre from the deepe -Sea. Heere are many rising hilles, and on their -tops and descents many corne fields, and delightfull -groves. On the East, is an Ile of two -or three leagues in length; the one halfe, plaine -morish grasse fit for pasture, with many faire -high groves of mulberrie trees gardens: and -there is also Okes, Pines, and other woods to -make this place an excellent habitation, beeing -a good and safe harbor.</p> - -<p>Naimkeck though it be more rockie ground -(for Angoam is sandie) not much inferior; -neither for the harbor, nor any thing I could -perceive, but the multitude of people. From -hence doth stretch into the Sea the faire headland -Tragabigzanda, fronted with three Iles -called the three Turks heads: to the North of -this, doth enter a great Bay, where wee founde -some habitations and corne fields: they report -a great River, and at least thirtie habitations, -doo possesse this Countrie. But because the -French had got their trade, I had no leasure to -discover it. The Iles of Mattahunts are on the -West side of this Bay, where are many Iles, and -questionlesse good harbors: and then the Countrie -of the Massachusets, which is the Paradise -of all those parts: for, heere are many Iles all -planted with corne; groves, mulberries, salvage<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_241"></a>[241]</span> -gardens, and good harbors: the Coast is for the -most part, high clayie sandie cliffs. The Sea -Coast as you passe, shewes you all along large -corne fields, and great troupes of well proportioned -people: but the French having remained -heere neere sixe weekes, left nothing for us to -take occasion to examine the inhabitants relations, -viz. if there be neer three thousand people -upon these Iles; and that the River doth -pearce many daies iourneis the intralles of that -Countrey. We found the people in those parts -verie kinde; but in their furie no lesse valiant. -For, upon a quarrell wee had with one of them, -hee onely with three others crossed the harbor -of Quonahassit to certaine rocks whereby wee -must passe; and there let flie their arrowes for -our shot, till we were out of danger.</p> - -<p>Then come you to Accomack, an excellent -good harbor, good land; and no want of any -thing, but industrious people. After much kindnesse, -upon a small occasion, wee fought also -with fortie or fiftie of those: though some were -hurt, and some slaine; yet within an houre after -they became friendes. Cape Cod is the next -presents it selfe: which is onely a headland of -high hils of sand, <span class="sidenote"><i>Cape Cod</i></span>overgrowne with shrubbie -pines, hurts, and such trash; but an excellent -harbor for all weathers. This Cape is made by -the maine Sea on the one side, and a great Bay -on the other in forme of a sickle: on it doth<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_242"></a>[242]</span> -inhabit the people of Pawmet: and in the -bottome of the Bay, the people of Chawum. -Towards the South and South west of this -Cape, is found a long and dangerous shoale of -sands and rocks. But so farre as I incircled it, -I found thirtie fadom water aboard the shore -and a strong current: which makes mee think -there is a Channell about this shoale; where -is the best and greatest fish to be had, Winter -and Summer, in all that Countrie. But, the -Salvages say there is no Channell, but that the -shoales beginne from the maine at Pawmet, to -the Ile of Nausit; and so extends beyond their -knowledge into the Sea. The next to this is -Capawack, and those abounding Countries of -copper, corne, people, and mineralls; which I -went to discover this last yeare: but because -I miscarried by the way, I will leave them, till -God please I have better acquaintance with -them.</p> - -<p>The Massachusets, they report, sometimes -have warres with the Bashabes of Pennobscot; -and are not alwaies friends with them of Chawum -and their alliants: but now they are all -friends, and have each trade with other, so farre -as they have societie, on each others frontiers. -For they make no such voiages as from Pennobscot -to Cape Cod; seldom to Massachewset. -In the North (as I have said) they begunne -to plant corne, whereof the South part hath<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_243"></a>[243]</span> -such plentie, as they have what they will from -them of the North; and in the Winter much -more plenty of fish and foule: but both Winter -and Summer hath it in the one part or other all -the yeare; being the meane and most indifferent -temper, betwixt heat and colde, of all the -regions betwixt the Lyne and the Pole: but the -furs Northward are much better, and in much -more plentie, then Southward.</p> - -<p>The remarkablest Iles and mountains for -Landmarkes are these; The highest Ile or Sorico, -in the Bay of Pennobscot: but the three -Iles and a rock of Matinnack are much furder in -the Sea; Metinicus is also three plaine Iles and -a rock, betwixt it and Monahigan: Monahigan -is a rounde high Ile; and close by it Monanis, -betwixt which is a small harbor where -we ride. In Damerils Iles is such another: Sagadahock -is knowne by Satquin, and foure or -five Iles in the mouth. Smyths Iles are a heape -together, none neere them, against Accominticus. -The three Turks heads are three Iles -seen far to Sea-ward in regard of the head-land.</p> - -<p>The cheefe headlands are onely Cape Tragabigzanda -and Cape Cod.</p> - -<p>The cheefe mountaines, them of Pennobscot: -the twinkling mountaine of Aucocisco; -the greate mountaine of Sasanou; and the high -mountaine of Massachusit: each of which you -shall finde in the Mappe; their places, formes,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_244"></a>[244]</span> -and altitude. The waters are most pure, proceeding -from the intrals of rockie mountaines; -the hearbes and fruits are of many sorts and -kindes: as alkermes, currans, or a fruit like -currans, mulberries, vines, respices, goosberries, -plummes, walnuts, chesnuts, small nuts, &c. -pumpions, gourds, strawberries, beans, pease, -and mayze: a kinde or two of flax, wherewith -they make nets, lines and ropes both small and -great, verie strong for their quantities.</p> - -<p>Oke, is the chiefe wood; of which there is -great difference in regard of the soyle where it -groweth, firre, pyne, walnut, chestnut, birch, -ash, elme, cypresse, ceder, mulberrie, plum-tree, -hazell, saxefrage, and many other sorts.</p> - -<p>Eagles, Gripes, diverse sorts of Haukes, -Cranes, Geese, Brants, Cormorants, Ducks, -Sheldrakes, Teale, Meawes, Guls, Turkies, -Dive-doppers, and many other sorts, whose -names I knowe not.</p> - -<p>Whales, Grampus, Porkpisces, Turbot, Sturgion, -Cod, Hake, Haddock, Cole, Cusk, or -small Ling, Shark, Mackerrell, Herring, Mullet, -Base, Pinacks, Cunners, Pearch, Eels, Crabs, -Lobsters, Muskles, Wilkes, Oysters, and diverse -others &c.</p> - -<p>Moos, a beast bigger than a Stagge; Deere, -red, and Fallow; Bevers, Wolves, Foxes, both -blacke and other; Aroughconds, Wild-cats, -Beares, Otters, Martins, Fitches, Musquassus,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_245"></a>[245]</span> -and diverse sorts of vermine, whose names I -know not. All these and divers other good -things do heere, for want of use, still increase, -and decrease with little diminution, whereby -they growe to that abundance. You shall scarce -finde any Baye, shallow shore or Cove of sand, -where you may not take many Clampes, or -Lobsters, or both at your pleasure, and in many -places lode your boat if you please; Nor Iles -where you finde not fruits, birds, crabs, and -muskles, or all of them, for taking, at a lowe -water. And in the harbors we frequented, a -little boye might take of Cunners, and Pinacks, -and such delicate fish, at the ships sterne, more -than sixe or tenne can eate in a daie; but with -a casting net, thousands when wee pleased: and -scarce any place, but Cod, Cuske, Holybut, -Mackerell, Scate, or such like, a man may take -with a hooke or line what he will. And, in -diverse sandy Baies, a man may draw with a net -great store of Mullets, Bases, and diverse other -sorts of such excellent fish, as many as his Net -can drawe on shore: no River where there is -not plentie of Sturgion, or Salmon, or both; all -which are to be had in abundance observing -but their seasons. But if a man will goe at -Christmasse to gather Cherries in Kent, he may -be deceived; though there be plentie in Summer: -so, heere these plenties have each their seasons, -as I have expressed. We for the most part<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_246"></a>[246]</span> -had little but bread and vinegar: and though -the most part of Iuly when the fishing decaied -they wrought all day, laie abroade in the Iles -all night, and lived on what they found, yet -were not sicke: But I would wish none put -himself long to such plunges; except necessitie -constraine it: yet worthy is that person to -starve that heere cannot live; if he have sense, -strength and health: for there is no such penury -of these blessings in any place, but that a -hundred men may, in one houre or two, make -their provisions for a day: and hee that hath -experience to manage well these affaires, with -fortie or thirtie honest industrious men, might -well undertake (if they dwell in these parts) to -subiect the Salvages, and feed daily two or three -hundred men, with as good corne, fish and flesh, -as the earth hath of those kindes, and yet make -that labor but their pleasure: provided that they -have engins, that be proper for their purposes.</p> - -<p>Who can desire more content, that hath -small meanes; or but only his merit to advance -his fortune, then to tread, and plant that ground -hee hath purchased by the hazard of his life? -If he have but the taste of virtue, and magnanimitie, -what to such a minde can bee more -pleasant, then planting and building a foundation -for his Posteritie, gotte from the rude earth, -by Gods blessing and his owne industrie, without -prejudice to any? If hee have any graine<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_247"></a>[247]</span> -of faith or zeale in Religion, what can hee -doe lesse hurtfull to any; or more agreeable -to God, then to seeke to convert those poore -Salvages to know Christ, and humanitie, whose -labors with discretion will triple requite thy -charge and paines? What so truely sutes with -honour and honestie, as the discovering things -unknowne? erecting Townes, peopling Countries, -informing the ignorant, reforming things -unjust, teaching virtue; and gaine to our Native -mother-countrie a kingdom to attend her; finde -imployment for those that are idle, because they -know not what to doe: so farre from wronging -any, as to cause Posteritie to remember -thee; and remembering thee, ever honour that -remembrance with praise?</p> - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_248"></a>[248]</span><br /> - <span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_249"></a>[249]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<hr class="fulla" /> -<hr class="fulla" /> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="Thomas_Dermer"> -<span class="antiqua fs135">Thomas Dermer</span><br /> -<span class="lsp2">1619</span><br /> -MAINE AND CAPE COD</h2> -</div> - -<hr class="fulla" /> -<hr class="fulla" /> - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_250"></a>[250]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter blockquot"> - -<p class="noindent"><span class="smcap">Thomas Dermer</span> <em>made his first voyage to New England -in 1615. The following year he sailed to Newfoundland, -where he may have remained until late in -1618. In 1619 he visited New England again, going -from there to Virginia. He wrote an account of this -voyage for Samuel Purchas, who printed it in the fourth -volume of “Purchas his Pilgrimes,” published at London -in 1625.</em></p> - -<p><em>Dermer’s account of another voyage northward from -Virginia, in the course of which he found divers ships -from Amsterdam and Horne trading with the natives -on the Delaware and Hudson rivers, was presented to -the Virginia Company in London, on July 10, 1621.</em></p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_251"></a>[251]</span><br /></p> - -<div class="chapter"></div> -<div class="bbox"> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i251" style="max-width: 37.5em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i251.jpg" alt="(Decorative banner)" /> -</div> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<div class="blockquot fs135"> - -<p class="negin1"><em>To his Worshipfull Friend</em> -<span class="smcap">M. Samvel Pvrchas</span>, -<em>Preacher of the Word, at -the Church a little within</em> -Ludgate, London.</p> -</div> -</div> - -<p class="p1 noindent fs135"><em>Sir</em>,</p> - -<p class="drop-cap">IT was the nineteenth of May, <span class="sidenote"><i>1619 May</i></span>before I was -fitted for my discouery, when from <em>Monahiggan</em> -I set sayle in an open Pinnace of fiue -tun, for the Iland I told you of. <span class="sidenote"><i>Monhegan</i></span>I passed alongst -the Coast where I found some antient Plantations, -not long since populous now vtterly void; -in other places a remnant remaines, but not free -of sicknesse. Their disease the Plague, for wee -might perceiue the sores of some that had escaped, -who described the spots of such as vsually -die. When I arriued at my Sauages natiue Country -(finding all dead) I trauelled alongst a daies -iourney Westward, to a place called <em>Nummastaquyt</em>, -where finding Inhabitants, I dispatched -a Messenger a dayes iourney further West, to -<em>Poconaokit</em> which bordereth on the Sea; whence -came to see me two Kings, attended with a<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_252"></a>[252]</span> -guard of fiftie armed men, who being well satisfied -with that my Sauage and I discoursed -vnto them (being desirous of noueltie) gaue -mee content in whasoeuer I demanded, where -I found that former relations were true. Here I -redeemed a <em>Frenchman</em>, and afterwards another -at <em>Mastachusit</em>, who three yeeres since escaped -shipwracke at the North-east of Cape <em>Cod</em>. I -must (amongst many things worthy obseruation) -for want of leisure, therefore hence I passe -(not mentioning any place where we touched -in the way) to the Iland, which wee discouered -the twelfth of Iune. <span class="sidenote"><i>June</i></span>Here we had good quarter -with the Sauages, who likewise confirmed -former reports. I found seuen seuerall places -digged, sent home of the earth, with samples -of other commodities elsewhere found, sounded -the Coast, and the time being farre spent -bare vp for <em>Monahiggan</em>, arriuing the three and -[twen]tieth of Iune, where wee found our Ship -ready to depart. To this Ile are two other neere -adioyning, all which I called by the name of -King <em>Iames</em> his Iles, because from thence I had -the first motiues to search. For that (now probable -passage) which may hereafter be both honourable -and profitable to his Maiestie. When I -had dispatched with the ships ready to depart, -I thus concluded for the accomplishing my -businesse. In regard of the fewnesse of my men, -not being able to leaue behind mee a competent<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_253"></a>[253]</span> -number for defence, and yet sufficiently -furnish my selfe, I put most of my prouisions -aboord the <i>Sampson</i> of Cape <em>Ward</em> ready bound -for <em>Virginia</em>, from whence hee came, taking no -more into the Pinnace then I thought might -serue our turnes, determining with Gods helpe -to search the Coast along, and at <em>Virginia</em> to supply -our selues for a second discouery, if the first -failed. But as the best actions are commonly -hardest in effecting and are seldome without -their crosses, so in this we had our share, and -met with many difficulties: for wee had not -sayled aboue forty leagues, but wee were taken -with a Southerly storme, which draue vs to this -strait; eyther we must weather a rockie point -of Land, or run into a broad Bay no lesse dangerous; -<em>Incidit in Syllam, &c.</em> the Rockes wee -could not weather, though wee loosed till we -receiued much water, but at last were forced -to beare vp for the Bay, and run on ground -a furlong off the shoare, where we had beene -beaten to pieces, had wee not instantly throwne -ouerboord our prouisions to haue our liues; by -which meanes we escaped and brought off our -Pinnace the next high water without hurt, hauing -our Planke broken, and a small leake or -two which we easily mended. Being left in this -misery, hauing lost much bread, all our Beefe -and Sider, some Meale and Apparell, with other -prouisions and necessaries; having now little left<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_254"></a>[254]</span> -besides hope to encourage vs to persist: Yet -after a little deliberation we resolued to proceed -and departed with the next faire winde. -We had not now that faire quarter amongst the -Sauages as before, which I take it was by reason -of our Sauages absence, who desired (in regard -of our long iourney) to stay with some of our -Sauage friends at <em>Sawahquatooke</em>, for now almost -euery where, where they were of any strength -they sought to betray vs. At <em>Manamock</em> <span class="sidenote"><i>Monomoy</i></span>(the -Southerne part of Cape <em>Cod</em>, now called <em>Sutcliffe -Inlets</em>) I was vnawares taken prisoner, when they -sought to kill my men, which I left to man the -Pinnace; but missing of their purpose, they -demanded a ransome, which had, I was as farre -from libertie as before; yet it pleased God at -last, after a strange manner to deliuer me, with -three of them into my hands, and a little after -the chiefe <em>Sacheum</em> himselfe; who seeing me -weigh anchor, would haue leaped ouerboord, -but intercepted, craued pardon, and sent for the -Hatchets giuen for ransome, excusing himselfe -by laying the fault on his neighbours; and to -be friends sent for a <em>Canoas</em> lading of Corne, -which receiued we set him free. I am loth to -omit the story, wherein you would finde cause -to admire the great mercy of God euen in our -greatest misery, in giuing vs both freedome and -reliefe at one time. Departing hence, the next -place we arriued at was <em>Capaock</em>, an Iland formerly<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_255"></a>[255]</span> -discouered by the <em>English</em>, where I met -with <em>Epinew</em> a Sauage that had liued in <em>England</em>, -and speakes indifferent good <em>English</em>, who foure -yeeres since being carried home, was reported to -haue beene slaine, with diuers of his Countreymen, -by Saylors, which was false. With him I -had much conference, who gaue mee very good -satisfaction in euery thing almost I could demand. -Time not permitting mee to search here, -which I should haue done for sundry things of -speciall moment: the wind faire, I stood away -shaping my course as the Coast led mee, till -I came to the most Westerly part where the -Coast began to fall away Southerly. In my -way I discouered Land about thirtie leagues -in length, <span class="sidenote"><i>Martha’s Vineyard</i></span>heretofore taken for Mayne, where -I feared I had beene imbayed, but by the helpe -of an <em>Indian</em> I got to the Sea againe, through -many crooked and streight passages. I let passe -many accidents in this iourney occasioned by -treacherie, where wee were compelled twice to -goe together by the eares, once the Sauages had -great advantage of vs in a streight, not aboue a -Bowe shot, and where a multitude of <em>Indians</em> let -flye at vs from the banke, but it pleased God to -make vs victours: neere vnto this wee found a -most dangerous Catwract amongst small rockie -Ilands, occasioned by two vnequall tydes, the -one ebbing and flowing two houres before the -other: here wee lost an Anchor by the strength<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_256"></a>[256]</span> -of the current, but found it deepe enough: from -hence were wee carried in a short space by -the tydes swiftnesse into a great Bay (to vs so -appearing) but indeede is broken land, which -gaue vs light of the Sea: here, as I said, the -Land treadeth Southerly. In this place I talked -with many Saluages, who told me of two sundry -passages to the great Sea on the West, <span class="sidenote"><i>Long Island Sound</i></span>offered -me Pilots, and one of them drew mee a Plot -with Chalke vpon a Chest, whereby I found it -a great Iland, parted the two Seas; they report -the one scarce passable for shoalds, perillous -currents, the other no question to be made of. -Hauing receiued these directions, I hastened to -the place of greatest hope, where I purposed to -make triall of Gods goodnesse towards vs, and -vse my best endeuour to bring the truth to light, -but wee were but onely shewed the entrance, -where in seeking to passe wee were forced backe -with contrary and ouerblowing windes, hardly -escaping both our liues. Being thus ouercharged -with weather, I stood alongst the coast to seeke -harbours, to attend a fauourable gale to recouer -the streight, but being a harbourlesse Coast for -ought we could then perceiue, wee found no succour -till wee arriued betwixt Cape <em>Charles</em> and -the Maine on the East side the Bay <em>Chestapeake</em>, <span class="sidenote"><i>Chesapeake Bay</i></span> -where in a wilde Roade wee anchored; and the -next day (the eight of September) crossed the -Bay to <em>Kecoughtan</em>, where the first newes strooke<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_257"></a>[257]</span> -cold to our hearts, the general sicknesse ouer the -Land. Here I resolued with all possible speede -to returne in pursuite of this businesse, so that -after a little refreshing, wee recouered vp the -Riuer to <em>Iames</em> Citie, and from thence to Cape -<em>Warde</em> his <em>Plantacon</em>, where immediately wee -fell to hewing of Boords for a close Decke, hauing -found it a most desired course to attempt as -before. As wee were thus labouring to effect -our purposes, it pleased almighty God (who -onely disposeth of the times and seasons, wherein -all workes shall be accomplished) to visite -vs with his heauie hand, so that at one time -there were but two of vs able to helpe the rest, -my selfe so sore shaken with a burning feauer, -that I was brought euen vnto deaths doore, but -at length by Gods assistance escaped, and haue -now with the rest almost recouered my former -strength. The Winter hauing ouertaken vs (a -time on these Coasts especially) subiect to gusts -and fearefull storms, I haue now resolued to -choose a more temperate season, both for the -generall good and our owne safeties. And thus -I haue sent you a broken discourse, though indeede -very vnwilling to haue giuen any notice -at all, till it had pleased God to haue blessed -mee with a thorow search, that our eyes might -haue witnessed the truth. I haue drawne a Plot -of the Coast, which I dare not yet part with -for feare of danger, let this therefore serue for<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_258"></a>[258]</span> -confirmation of your hopes, till I can better performe -my promise and your desire; for what I -haue spoken I can produce at least <em>mille testes</em>; -farre separate, of the Sea behinde them, and of -Ships, which come many dayes iourney from -the West, and of the great extent of this Sea to -the North and South, not knowing any bounds -thereof Westward. I cease to trouble you till -a better opportunity offer it selfe, remembring -my best loue, &c. I rest</p> - -<p class="right"> -<span class="padr4"><em>Yours to command,</em></span><br /> -<span class="smcap"><em>Tho. Dermer.</em></span></p> - -<p class="negin1 fs70"><em>From Captaine <span class="smcap">Martyn</span> his Plantation.<br /> -27 Decemb. 1619.</em></p> - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_259"></a>[259]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter"> -<hr class="fulla" /> -<hr class="fulla" /> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="Christopher_Levett"> -<span class="antiqua fs135">Christopher Levett</span><br /> -<span class="lsp2">1624</span><br /> -YORK AND PORTLAND</h2> -</div> - -<hr class="fulla" /> -<hr class="fulla" /> - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_260"></a>[260]</span></p> - -<div class="chapter blockquot"> - -<p class="noindent"><span class="smcap">Christopher Levett</span>, <em>who was born in York, England, -in 1586, landed on the Isles of Shoals in the autumn -of 1623. Finding that this was no place for a permanent -settlement, he crossed to the mouth of the Piscataqua -River, where Robert Gorges, who had recently been appointed -governor of the territory granted to the Council -for New England, was making his colonial headquarters. -Levett had been given the right to settle and hold -six thousand acres wherever he might choose to locate -within this territory. He selected an island at the mouth -of Portland harbour. There he left ten men to maintain -his possession while he went back to England for recruits -and supplies. To assist in securing these, he wrote an -account of the country and of his adventures therein, -which he doubtless intended to print as soon as he returned -home. A variety of causes hindered the carrying -out of his plans, and the book was not published until -1628. The chapters now reprinted are those which -contain the account of his experiences in New England. -These chapters, as well as the extracts from Purchas -and other works not otherwise credited, are taken from -the copies of the original editions in the John Carter -Brown Library at Providence, Rhode Island.</em></p> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_261"></a>[261]</span><br /></p> - -<div class="chapter"></div> -<div class="bbox"> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i261" style="max-width: 37.5em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i261.jpg" alt="(Decorative banner)" /> -</div> - -<hr class="full" /> - -<div class="blockquot fs135"> - -<p class="negin1"><span class="smcap">My Discouery</span> of diverse -Riuers and Harbours, with -their names, and which -are fit for Plantations, and -which not.</p> -</div> -</div> - -<p class="drop-cap">THE first place I set my foote vpon in -<em>New England</em>, <span class="sidenote"><i>1623</i></span>was the Isles of <em>Shoulds</em>, -being Ilands in the Sea, about two -Leagues from the Mayne.</p> - -<p>Vpon these Ilands, I neither could see one -good timber tree, nor so much good ground as -to make a garden.</p> - -<p>The place is found to be a good fishing place -for 6 Shippes, but more cannot well be there -for want of convenient stage-roome, as this -yeare’s experience hath proved.</p> - -<p>The Harbor is but indifferent good. Vpon -these Ilands are no Savages at all.</p> - -<p>The next place I came vnto was <em>Pannaway</em>, <span class="sidenote"><i>Piscataqua River</i></span> -where one <em>M. Tomson</em> hath made a Plantation, -there I stayed about one Moneth in which time -I sent for my men from the East: who came -over in diverse Shipps.</p> - -<p>At this place I met with the Governour, who<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_262"></a>[262]</span> -came thither in a Barke which he had from -one <em>M. Weston</em> about 20 dayes before I arived -in the Land.</p> - -<p>The Governour then told me that I was -joyned with him in Commission as a Counsellor, -which being read I found it was so. And -he then, in the presence of three more of the -Counsell, administered unto me an oath.</p> - -<p>After the meeting of my men, I went a -coasting in two boats with all my company.</p> - -<p>In the time I stayd with <em>M. Tomson</em>, I surveyed -as much as possible I could, the wether -being vnseasonable, and very much snow.</p> - -<p>In those parts I saw much good Timber. But -the ground it seemed to me not to be good, -being very rockey and full of trees and brush-wood.</p> - -<p>There is great store of fowle of diverse sorts, -wherof I fed very plentifully.</p> - -<p>About two English miles further to the East, -I found a great River and a good harbour called -<em>Pascattaway</em>. But for the ground I can say -nothing, but by the relation of the <em>Sagamore</em> -or King of that place, who told me there was -much good ground up in the river about seven -or eight leagues.</p> - -<p>About two leagues further to the East, is another -great river called <em>Aquamenticus</em>. <span class="sidenote"><i>York River</i></span>There I -think a good plantation may be settled, for there -is a good harbour for ships, good ground, and<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_263"></a>[263]</span> -much already cleared, fit for planting of corne -and other fruits, having heretofore ben planted -by the Salvages who are all dead. There is good -timber, and likely to be good fishing, but as -yet there hath beene no tryall made that I can -heare of.</p> - -<p>About 6 leagues further to the East is a -harbour called <em>Cape Porpas</em>, the which is indifferent -good for 6 shippes, and it is generally -thought to be an excellent place for fish, but as -yet there hath been no tryall made, but there -may be a good plantation seated, for there is -good Timber and good ground, but will require -some labour and charge.</p> - -<p>About foure leagues further East, there is another -harbour called <em>Sawco</em> (betweene this place -and <em>Cape Porpas</em> I lost one of my men) before -we could recover the harbour a great fog or -mist tooke us that we could not see a hundred -yards from us. I perceiving the fog to come -upon the Sea, called for a Compasse and set the -Cape land, by which wee knew how to steare -our course, which was no sooner done but wee -lost sight of land, and my other boate, and the -winde blew fresh against us, so that we were enforced -to strike saile and betake us to our Oares -which wee used with all the wit and strength -we had, but by no meanes could we recover the -shore that night, being imbayed and compassed -round with breaches, which roared in a most<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_264"></a>[264]</span> -fearfull manner on every side us; wee took counsell -in this extremity one of another what to doe -to save our lives, at length we resolved that to -put to sea againe in the night was no fit course, -the storme being great, and the winde blowing -right of the shore, and to runne our boate on -the shore amongst the breaches, (which roared -in a most fearefull manner) and cast her away -and indanger ourselves we were loath to do, seeing -no land nor knowing where we were. At -length I caused our Killick (which was all the -Anker we had) to be cast forth, and one continually -to hold his hand upon the roode or cable, -by which we knew whether our ancker held -or no: which being done wee commended our -selues to God by prayer, & put on a resolution -to be as comfortable as we could, and so fell -to our victuals. Thus we spent that night, and -the next morning, with much adoe we got into -Sawco, where I found my other boate.</p> - -<p>There I stayed fiue nights, the winde beinge -contrary, and the weather very unseasonable, -hauing much raine and snow, and continuall -foggse.</p> - -<p>We built us our Wigwam, or house, in one -houres space, it had no frame, but was without -forme or fashion, onely a few poles set up -together, and couered with our boates sailes -which kept forth but a little winde, and lesse -raigne and snow.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_265"></a>[265]</span></p> - -<p>Our greatest comfort we had, next unto that -which was spirituall, was this we had foule -enough for killing, wood enough for felling, -and good fresh water enough for drinking.</p> - -<p>But our beds was the wet ground, and our -bedding our wet cloaths. Wee had plenty of -Craine, Goose, Duckes and Mallard, with other -fowle, both boyled and rosted, but our spits and -racks were many times in danger of burning -before the meate was ready (being but wooden -ones.)</p> - -<p>After I had stayed there three daies, and no -likelyhood of a good winde to carrie vs further, -I tooke with me six of my men, and our Armes, -and walked along the shore, to discouer as much -by land as I could: after I had travelled about -two English miles I met with a riuer which -stayed me that I could goe no further by land -that day, but returned to our place of habitation -where we rested that night (hauing our lodging -amended) for the day being dry I caused all -my company to accompany mee to a marsh -ground, where wee gathered euery man his burthen -of long dry grasse, which being spread in -our Wigwam or House, I praise God I rested -as contentedly as euer I did in all my life. And -then came into my minde an old merry saying, -which I haue heard of a beggar boy, who said -if euer he should attaine to be a King, he would -haue a breast of mutton with a pudding in it,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_266"></a>[266]</span> -and lodge euery night vp to the eares in drye -straw; and thus I made myselfe and my company -as merry as I could, with this and some -other conceits, making this vse of all, that it -was much better then wee deserued at Gods -hands, if he should deale with vs according to -our sinnes.</p> - -<p>The next morning I caused 4 of my men -to rowe my lesser boate to this riuer, who with -much adoe got in myselfe, and 3 more going -by land: but by reason of the extremitie of the -wether we were enforced to stay there that -night, and were constrained to sleepe vpon the -riuer banke, being the best place wee could -finde, the snowe being very deepe.</p> - -<p>The next morning wee were enforced to rise -betime, for the tyde came vp so high that it -washed away our fire, and would haue serued vs -so too if we had not kept watch: So wee went -over the riuer in our boate, where I caused -some to stay with her, myselfe being desirous -to discouer further by land, I tooke with me -foure men and walked along the shore about -sixe English miles further to the East, where I -found another riuer, which staied mee. So we -returned backe to Sawco, where the rest of my -company and my other boate lay. That night -I was exceeding sicke, by reason of the wet -and cold and much toyling of my body: but -thankes be to God I was indifferent well the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_267"></a>[267]</span> -next morning, and the winde being faire we -put to sea, and that day came to <em>Quack</em>.</p> - -<p>But before I speak of this place I must say -something of <em>Sawco</em>, <span class="sidenote"><i>Saco</i></span>and the too riuers which -I discouered in that bay, which I thinke neuer -Englishman saw before.</p> - -<p><em>Sawco</em> is about one league to the North-east -of a cape land. And about one English mile -from the maine lieth sixe Ilands, which make -an indifferent good harbour. And in the maine -there is a Coue or gutt, which is about a cables -length in bredth, and too cables length -long, there two good Ships may ride, being well -mored a head and starne; and within the Coue -there is a great Marsh, where at a high water -a hundredth sayle of Ships may floate, and be -free from all winds, but at low water must ly -a ground, but being soft oase they can take no -hurte.</p> - -<p>In this place there is a world of fowle, much -good timber, and a great quantetie of cleare -ground and good, if it be not a little too sandy. -There hath beene more fish taken within too -leagues of this place this yeare then in any other -in the land.</p> - -<p>The riuer next to <em>Sawco</em> eastwards, which I -discovered by land, and after brought my boat -into, is the strangest river that ever my eyes -beheld. It flowes at the least ten foot water upright, -and yet the ebbe runs so strong that the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_268"></a>[268]</span> -tyde doth not stem it. At three quarters floud -my men were scarce able with foure Oares to -rowe ahead. And more then that, at full Sea I -dipped my hand in the water, quite without the -mouth of the River, in the very main Ocean, -and it was as fresh as though it had been taken -from the head of a Spring.</p> - -<p>This River, as I am told by the <em>Salvages</em>, -commeth from a great mountaine called the -Christall hill, being as they say 100 miles in -the Country, yet is it to be seene at the sea -side, and there is no ship ariues in <em>New England</em>, -either to the West so farre as <em>Cape Cod</em>, or -to the East so farre as <em>Monhiggen</em>, but they see -this Mountaine the first land, if the weather be -cleere.</p> - -<p>The next river Eastward which I discovered -by land, is about sixe miles from the other. -About these two riuers I saw much good timber -and sandy ground, there is also much fowle, -fish and other commodities: but these places -are not fit for plantation for the present, because -there is no good comming in, either for -ship, or boate, by reason of a sandy breach -which lyeth alongst the shore, and makes all -one breach.</p> - -<p>And now in its place I come to <em>Quack</em>, -which I haue named <em>Yorke</em>. At this place there -fished divers ships of <em>Waymouth</em> this yeare.</p> - -<p>It lyeth about two leagues to the East of<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_269"></a>[269]</span> -<em>Cape Elizabeth</em>. It is a Bay or Sound <span class="sidenote"><i>Portland Harbour</i></span>betwixt -the Maine and certaine Ilands which lyeth in -the sea about one English mile and halfe.</p> - -<p>There are foure Ilands which makes one -good harbour, there is very good fishing, much -fowle and the mayne as good ground as any -can desire. There I found one River wherein -the Savages say there is much <em>Salmon</em> and other -good fish. In this Bay, there hath ben taken -this yeare 4. <em>Sturgions</em>, by fishermen who driue -only for <em>Herrings</em>, so that it is likely there may -be good store taken if there were men fit for -that purpose. This River I made bold to call by -my owne name <em>Levetts</em> river, <span class="sidenote"><i>Fore River</i></span>being the first that -discovered it. How farre this river is Navigable -I cannot tell, I haue ben but 6. miles up it, but -on both sides is goodly ground.</p> - -<p>In the same Bay I found another River, <span class="sidenote"><i>Presumpscot River</i></span>up -which I went about three miles, and found a -great fall, of water much bigger than the fall -at <em>London</em> bridge, at low water; further a boate -cannot goe, but above the fall the River runnes -smooth againe.</p> - -<p>Iust at this fall of water the <em>Sagamore</em> or -King of that place hath a house, where I was -one day when there were two <em>Sagamors</em> more, -their wiues and children, in all about 50. and we -were but 7. They bid me welcome and gaue -me such victualls as they had, and I gaue them -Tobacco and Aqua vitæ.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_270"></a>[270]</span></p> - -<p>After I had spent a little time with them I -departed & gaue them a small shot, and they -gaue me another. And the great <em>Sagamore</em> of -the East country, whom the rest doe acknowledge -to be chiefe amongst them, hee gaue unto -me a Bevers skin, which I thankfully received, -and so in great loue we parted. On both sides -this river there is goodly ground.</p> - -<p>From this harbour to <em>Sagadahock</em>, which is -about 8. or 9. leagues, is all broken Ilands in the -Sea, which makes many excellent good Harbours, -where a thousand saile of Shipps may ride -in safety; the sound going up within the Ilands -to the Cape of <em>Sagadahock</em>.</p> - -<p>In the way betwixt <em>Yorke</em> and <em>Sagadahock</em> -lyeth <em>Cascoe</em>, <span class="sidenote"><i>Casco Bay</i></span>a good harbour, good fishing, good -ground, and much fowle. And I am perswaded -that from <em>Cape Elizabeth</em> to <em>Sagadahock</em>, which -is aboue 30 leagues to follow the Maine, is -all exceeding commodious for Plantations: and -that there may be 20 good Townes well seated, -to take the benefit both of the sea, and fresh -Rivers.</p> - -<p>For <em>Sagadahock</em> I need say nothing of it, -there hath been heeretofore enough said by -others, and I feare me too much. But the place -is good, there fished this yeare two ships.</p> - -<p>The next place I came to was <em>Capemanwagan</em>, <span class="sidenote"><i>Boothbay</i></span> -a place where nine ships fished this yeare. -But I like it not for a plantation, for I could see<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_271"></a>[271]</span> -little good timber & lesse good ground, there I -stayed foure nights, in which time, there came -many Savages with their wiues and children, -and some of good accompt amongst them, as -<em>Menarwormet</em> a Sagamore, <em>Cogawesco</em> the Sagamore -of <em>Casco</em> and <em>Quack</em>, now called <em>Yorke</em>, -<em>Somerset</em>, a Sagamore, one that hath ben found -very faithfull to the English, and hath saved -the liues of many of our Nation, some from -starving, others from killing.</p> - -<p>They entended to haue ben gone presently, -but hearing of my being there, they desired to -see me, which I understood by one of the Masters -of the Ships, who likewise told me that -they had some store of Beauer coats and skinnes, -and was going to <em>Pemaquid</em> to truck with one -Mr. <em>Witheridge</em>, a Master of a ship of <em>Bastable</em>, -and desired me to use meanes that they should -not carry them out of the harbour, I wisht them -to bring all their truck to one Mr. <em>Cokes</em> stage, -& I would do the best I could to put it away: -some of them did accordingly, and I then sent for -the <em>Sagamores</em>, who came, and after some complements -they told me I must be their cozen, -and that Captaine <em>Gorges</em> was so, (which you -may imagine I was not a little proud of, to be -adopted cozen to so many great Kings at one -instant, but did willingly accept of it) and so -passing away a little time very pleasantly, they -desired to be gone, whereupon I told them that<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_272"></a>[272]</span> -I understood they had some coates and Beauers -skins which I desired to truck for but they were -unwilling, and I seemed carelesse of it (as men -must doe if they desire any thing of them.) But -at last <em>Somerset</em> swore that there should be none -carryed out of the harbour, but his cozen <em>Levett</em> -should haue all, and then they began to offer -me some by way of gift, but I would take none -but one paire of sleeues from <em>Cogawesco</em>, but -told them it was not the fashion of English -Captaines alwaies to be taking, but sometimes -to take and giue, and continually to truck was -very good. But in fine, we had all except one -coate and two skinnes, which they reserved to -pay an old debt with, but they staying all that -night, had them stole from them.</p> - -<p>In the morning the <em>Sagamores</em> came to mee -with a grieuous complaint, I vsed the best language -I could to giue them content, and went -with them to some Stages which they most -suspected, and seached both Cabins and Chests, -but found none. They seeing my willingnesse -to finde the theefe out, gaue mee thankes, and -wished me to forbeare saying the Rogues had -carried them into the woods where I could not -find them.</p> - -<p>When they were ready to depart they asked -mee where I meant to settle my plantation. -I told them I had seene many places to the -west, and intended to goe farther to the east<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_273"></a>[273]</span> -before I could resolue, they sayed there was no -good place, and I had heard, that <em>Pemoquid</em> and -<em>Capmanwagan</em>, and <em>Monhiggon</em> were granted to -others, & the best time for fishing was then -at hand, which made me the more willing to -retire, and the rather because <em>Cogawesco</em>, the -<em>Sagamore</em> of <em>Casco</em> and <em>Quacke</em>, told me if that I -would sit downe at either of those two places, -I should be very welcome, and that he and his -wife would goe along with me in my boate to -see them, which curtesy I had no reason to refuse, -because, I had set vp my resolution before -to settle my plantation at <em>Quacke</em>, which I named -<em>Yorke</em>, and was glad of this oppertunity, that -I had obtained the consent of them who as I -conceiue hath a naturall right of inheritance, as -they are the sonnes of Noah, and therefore doe -thinke it fit to carry things very fairely without -compulsion, (if it be posible) for avoyding -of treacherie.</p> - -<p>The next day the winde came faire, and -I sayled to <em>Quacke</em> or <em>Yorke</em>, with the King, -Queene, and Prince, bowe and arrowes, dogge -and kettell in my boate, his noble attendance -rowing by vs in their Cannow.</p> - -<p>When we came to <em>Yorke</em> the Masters of the -Shippes came to bid me welcome, and asked -what Sauages those were, I told them, and I -thanked them, they vsed them kindly, & gaue -them meate, drinke and tobacco. The woman<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_274"></a>[274]</span> -or reputed Queene, asked me if those men were -my friends, I told her they were; then she dranke -to them, and told them, they were welcome to -her Countrey, and so should all my friends be -at any time, she dranke also to her husband, -and bid him welcome to her Countrey too, for -you must vnderstand that her father was the -<em>Sagamore</em> of this place, and left it to her at his -death hauing no more Children.</p> - -<p>And thus after many dangers, much labour -and great charge, I haue obtained a place of -habitation in <em>New-England</em>, where I haue built -a house, and fortified it in a reasonable good -fashion, strong enough against such enemies -as are those Sauage people.</p> - - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i274" style="max-width: 37.5em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i274.jpg" alt="(Decorative separator)" /> -</div> - -<p class="negin1 fs120">How the Sauages carried themselues -vnto me continually, and of my -going to their Kings Houses: and -their comming to mine.</p> - -<p class="drop-cap">WHILEST I staied in this place I had -some little trucke, but not much, -by reason of an euill member in the -Harbour, who being couetous of trucke vsed -the matter so, that he got the Sauages away -from me.</p> - -<p>And it is no wonder that he should abuse<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_275"></a>[275]</span> -me in this sort, for he hath not spared your -Lordshipps and all the Counsell for <em>New-England</em>.</p> - -<p>He said vnto the Gouernour that the Lords -had sent men ouer into that Countrey with Commissions, -to make a prey of others. And yet for -my owne part I neuer demanded or tooke from -any man in that Countrey, the value of a denier -neither had I so much helpe, from any Shippe -or Shippes companie as one mans labour the -space of an houre, nor, had I any prouision -or victuall vpon any tearmes whatsoeuer, saue -onely 1000. of bread, and 22. bushells of pease, -which was offered vnto mee and not by me requested, -for which I gaue present satisfaction -in <em>Beuer</em> skines: and also one Rownlet of <em>Aqua -vitæ</em>, which was brought to me 16 Leagues vnexpected, -which good manners bid me buy. -Much more provision was offered to me by many -Masters of Ships, but I had no need thereof, -so I gaue them thanks for their kindnesse, and -refused all.</p> - -<p>Nay, it is well knowne, that I was so farre -from doing wrong to any: that I suffered the -Land which was granted to me by Pattent and -made choyce of before any other man came -there, to be used, and my timber to be cut -downe & spoyled, without taking or asking -any satisfaction for the same. And I doubt not -but all others to whom you gaue authoritie,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_276"></a>[276]</span> -will sufficiently cleare themselues of all such -imputations.</p> - -<p>He said also he cared not for any authoritie in -that place and though he was forbid to trucke -yet would he haue all he could get: in despite of -who should say to the contrary, having a great -Ship with 17. peeces of Ordinance and 50. men.</p> - -<p>And indeed his practise was according to his -words, for every Sunday or once in the weeke, -he went himselfe or sent a boate up the river -and got all the trucke before they could come -downe to the Harbour. And so many Savages -as he could get to his stage, hee would enforce -them to leaue their goods behind them. One -instance a mongst many I will giue you.</p> - -<p>On a certaine day there came two Savages to -his place, who were under the command of <em>Somerset</em> -or <em>Conway</em>, I know not whether, at which -time they were both with me at my house, but -the other two who went to him, knew not so -much, but afterwards they understanding of it, -came presently over, but left their Cotts and -<em>Beauer</em> skins behind them, whereat <em>Somerset</em> and -<em>Conway</em> were exceeding angrie and were ready -to beate the poore fellows, but I would not -suffer them so to doe. They presently went over -the Harbor themselues in their <em>Cannow</em> to fetch -their goods, but this man would let them haue -none, but wished them to truck with him, they -told him they would not, but would carry them<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_277"></a>[277]</span> -to Captaine <em>Levett</em>, he said <em>Levett</em> was no captaine, -but a <em>Iacknape</em>, a poore fellow, &c. They -told him againe that he was a <em>Roague</em>, with -some other speeches, whereupon he and his -company fell upon them & beate them both, in -so much that they came to me in a great rage -against him, and said they would be revenged -on his Fishermen at sea, and much adoe I had -to diswade one of them for going into <em>England</em> -to tell King <em>James</em> of it, as he said; when they -came to me in this rage, there was two or three -Masters of Shippes by, and heard every word.</p> - -<p>But all this did me no hurt, (saue the losse -of the trucke, which by divers was thought to -be worth above 50. li.) for the two <em>Sagamores</em> -whom he inticed from me, and incensed against -me, at length used meanes to be freinds with -me, sending one who asked me, if I were angrie -with them, I told them no, I was not angrie -with them for any such matter as lowsie Cotts -and skinnes, but if they were <em>Matchett</em>, that -is, naughtie men, and rebellious, then I would -be <em>Mouchick Hoggery</em>, that is very angry, and -would <em>Cram</em>, that is, kill them all.</p> - -<p>When they came them selues to me to seeke -peace, they brought me a <em>Beauer</em> Coate, and two -<em>Otter</em> skines, which they would have let me had -for nothing, but I would not take them so, but -gaue them more then vsually I did by way of -Trucke, I then told them likewise that if at any<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_278"></a>[278]</span> -time they did Trucke with mee, they should -haue many good things in leiu of their Beauer: -and if they did not Trucke it was no matter, -I would be good friends with them, at which -they smiled and talked one to the other, saying -the other man was a Iacknape, and that I -had the right fashion of the <em>Aberieney Sagamores</em>, -then they began to applaude or rather flatter -me, saying I was so bigge a <em>Sagamore</em>, yea foure -fathom, which were the best words they could -vse to expresse their minds: I replied that I was -a poore man as he had reported of mee. They -said againe it was no matter what I said, or that -Iacknape (which is the most disgracefull word -that may be in their conceite,) for all the <em>Sagamores</em> -in the Country loued poore <em>Levett</em> and -was Muchicke sorrie that he would be gon, and -indeed I cannot tell what I should thinke of -them, for euer after they would bring mee any -thing they thought would giue mee content, as -Egges and the whole bodyes of <em>Beauer</em>, which -in my concite eate like <em>Lambe</em>, and is not inferiour -to it: yea the very coats of Beauer & <em>Otter-skinnes</em> -from off their backes, which though I -many time refused, yet not allwaies, but I neuer -tooke any such courtesie from them, but I requited -them answerably, chusing rather to neglect -the present profit, then the hopes I haue -to bring them to better things, which I hope -will be for a publicke good, and which I am<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_279"></a>[279]</span> -perswaded were a greeuous sinne, to neglect for -any sinister end.</p> - -<p>And a little before my departure there came -these <em>Sagamores</em> to see mee, <em>Sadamoyt</em>, the great -<em>Sagamore</em> of the East Countrey, <em>Manawormet</em>, -<em>Opparunwit</em>, <em>Skedraguscett</em>, <em>Cogawesco</em>, <em>Somersett</em>, -<em>Conway</em> and others.</p> - -<p>They asked me why I would be gone out of -their Countrey, I was glad to tell them my wife -would not come thither except I did fetch her, -they bid a pox on her hounds, (a phrase they -have learned and doe vse when they doe curse) -and wished me to beate her. I told them no, -for then our God would bee angrie. Then they -runne out vpon her in euil tearmes, and wished -me to let her alone and take another, I told -them our God would be more angrie for that. -Againe they bid me beate her, beate her, repeating -it often, and very angerly, but I answered -no, that was not the English fashion, and besides, -she was a good wife and I had children by her, -and I loued her well, so I satisfied them. Then -they told me that I and my wife and Children, -with all my friends, should bee hartily welcome -into that Countrey at any time, yea a hundreth -thousand times, yea <em>Mouchicke</em>, <em>Mouchicke</em>, which -is a word of waight.</p> - -<p>And <em>Somersett</em> tould that his Sonne (who was -borne, whilst I was in the Countrey, and whom -hee would needs haue to Name) and mine should<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_280"></a>[280]</span> -be Brothers and that there should be muchicke -legamatch, (that is friendship) betwixt them, -untill <em>Tanto</em> carried them to his wigwam, (that -is vntill that they died.)</p> - -<p>Then they must know of mee how long I -would be wanting, I told them so many Months, -at which they seemed to be well pleased, but -wisht me to take heede I proued not <em>Chechaske</em> -in that (that is, a lier.) They asked me what I -would doe with my house, I told them I would -leaue 10. of my men there vntill I came againe, -and that they should kill all the <em>Tarrantens</em> -they should see (being enimies to them) and -with whom the English haue no commarsse. -At which they reioyced exceedingly, and then -agreed amongst themselues that when the time -should be expired, which I spoke of for my -returne, euery one at the place where he liued -would looke to the Sea, and when they did see -a Ship they wold send to all the <em>Sagamores</em> in -the Countrey, and tell them that poore <em>Levett</em> -was come againe. And thus insteed of doing -me hurt, I thinke that either he or I haue done -good to all Planters, by winning their affections, -(which may bee made vse of without trusting -of them.)</p> - -<p>But if your Lordship should put up this -wrong done unto you, and the Authority which -you gaue them, never expect to be obeyed in -those parts, either by Planters or Fishermen;<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_281"></a>[281]</span> -for some haue not stucke to say, that if such a -man, contemning authority, and abusing one of -the counsell, and drawing his knife upon him -at his own house, which he did, should goe unpunished, -then would not they care what they -did heereafter.</p> - -<p>And truely let me tell your Lordships, that if -euer you intend to punish any for disobedience, -or contempt of authority, this man is a fit instrument -to make a president of, for he is rich, and -this yeare will gaine the best part of 500 pounds -by that Countrie, and he hath nether wife nor -childe, for whose sakes he should be spared.</p> - -<p>And if he goe free, as hee has domineered -over vs, to whom your Lordships gaue authority, -but no power to put it in execution, so will -he grow unmannerly too with your Lordships, -as hee hath already begunne.</p> - -<p>And it will discourage men hereafter to take -any authority upon them, or to goe about to -reforme any abuses in those parts, and also it -will hinder Planters for going over, if Fishermen -be suffered not onely to take away their -truck, but also to animate the Sauages against -them, for this is the way to cause all Planters -to haue their throats cut.</p> - -<p>But I leaue these things to your Lo. consideration, -who haue as well power as authority -to punish such rebellious persons.</p> - -<p>Thus hauing acquainted you with what I<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_282"></a>[282]</span> -haue done, seen and heard; now giue me leaue -to tell you what I thinke of the Savages, the -inhabitants of that country: as also to iustifie -the innocent, I meane the Countrie of <em>New-England</em>, -against the slanderous reports of this -man, and some others which I haue heard, and -likewise to deliver my opinion, what courses I -conceiue to be most convenient to be taken, -for bringing most glorie to God, comfort, honor -and benefit to our King, and our owne Natiue -Nation.</p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp100" id="i282" style="max-width: 37.5em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i282.jpg" alt="(Decorative separator)" /> -</div> - -<p class="negin1 fs120">The nature and disposition of the -Savages, and of their severall Gods, -Squanto and Tanto.</p> - -<p class="drop-cap">I HAUE had much conference with the -Savages, about our only true God, and haue -done my best to bring them to know and -acknowledge him, but I feare me all the labour -that way, will be lost, and no good will be done, -except it be among the younger sort.</p> - -<p>I find they haue two Gods, on they love: and -the other they hate: the god they loue, they call -<em>Squanto</em>, and to him they ascribe all their good -fortunes.</p> - -<p>The god they hate they call <em>Tanto</em>, and to -him they ascribe all their euill fortunes, as thus,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_283"></a>[283]</span> -when any is killed, hurt or sicke, or when it is -evill wether, then they say <em>Tanto</em> is <em>hoggry</em>, that -is angry. When any dyes, they say <em>Tanto</em> carries -them to his <em>wigwam</em>, that is his house, and they -never see them more.</p> - -<p>I haue asked them where <em>Squanto</em> dwells, they -say they cannot tell but up on high, and will -poynt upwards. And for <em>Tanto</em>, they say farre -west, but they know not where.</p> - -<p>I haue asked them if at any time they haue -seene <em>Squanto</em>, or <em>Tanto</em>, they say no, there is -none sees them, but their <em>Pawwawes</em>, nor they -neither, but when they dreame.</p> - -<p>Their <em>Pawwawes</em> are their Phisitians and -Surgions, and as I verely beleeue they are all -Witches, for they foretell of ill wether, and -many strange things, every <em>Sagamore</em> hath one -of them belongs to his company, and they are -altogether directed by them.</p> - -<p>On a time I was at a <em>Sagamores</em> house and saw -a <em>Martins</em> skin, and asked if he would trucke it, -the <em>Sagamore</em> told me no, the <em>Pawwawe</em> used to -lay that under his head when he dreamed, and -if he wanted that, he could doe nothing, thus -we may perceiue how the devill deludes those -poore people and keep them in blindnesse.</p> - -<p>I find them generally to be marvellous quicke -of apprehension, and full of subteltie, they will -quickely find any man’s disposition, and flatter -& humour him strangely, if they hope to get<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_284"></a>[284]</span> -anything of him. And yet will they count him -a foole if he doe not shew a dislike of it, and -will say on to another, that such a man is a -<em>Mechecome</em>.</p> - -<p>They are slow of speech, and if they heare a -man speake much they will laugh at him, and -say he is a <em>Mechecum</em>, that is a foole.</p> - -<p>If men of place be to familiar with them, -they will not respect them: therefore it is to -be wished that all such persons should be wise -in their Carriage.</p> - -<p>The <em>Sagamores</em> will scarce speake to an ordinary -man, but will point to their men, and say -<em>Sanops</em>, must speake to <em>Sanops</em>, and <em>Sagamors</em> to -<em>Sagamors</em>.</p> - -<p>They are very bloudy minded and full of -Tracherie amongst themselues, one will kill -another for their wiues, and he that hath the -most wiues is the brauest fellow: therefore I -would wish no man to trust them, what euer -they say or doe; but alwaies to keepe a strickt -hand ouer them, and yet to vse them kindly, -and deale vprightly with them; so shall they -please God, keepe their reputation amongst -them, and be free from danger.</p> - -<p>Their <em>Sagamors</em> are no Kings, as I verilie -beleeue, for I can see no Government or Law -amongst them but Club Law: and they call -all Masters of Shippes <em>Sagamore</em>, or any other -man, that they see have a commaund of men.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_285"></a>[285]</span></p> - -<p>Their wiues are their slaves, and doe all their -worke the men will doe nothing but kill Beasts, -Fish, &c.</p> - -<p>On a time reasoning with one of their <em>Sagamors</em> -about their hauing so many wiues, I tould -him it was no good fashion, he then asked mee -how many wiues King <em>James</em> had, I told him he -neuer had but one, and shee was dead, at which -he wondred, and asked mee who then did all -the Kings worke. You may Imagin he thought -their fashion was vniuersal and that no King had -any to worke for them but their wiufs.</p> - -<p>They haue no apparrell but skinnes, except -they haue it from the <em>English</em>, or <em>French</em>, in winter -they weare the haire side inwards, in summer -outwards. They haue a peece of a skinne -about their loines like a girdle and between their -legges goes another, made fast to the girdles -before and behind, which serues to couer their -nakednesse, they are all thus apparrelled, going -bare headed with long haire, sometimes you -shall not know the men from women but by -their breasts, the men having no haire on their -faces.</p> - -<p>When their Children are borne they bind -them on a peece of board, and sets it vpright, -either against a tree or any other place. They -keep them thus bound vntill they be three -months old, and after they are continuall naked -vntill they be about fiue or sixe yeares.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_286"></a>[286]</span></p> - -<p>Yee shall haue them many times take their -Children & bury them in the snow all but -their faces for a time, to make them the better -to endure cold, and when they are not aboue 2. -yeares old, they will take them and cast them -into the Sea, like a little dogge or Cat, to learne -them to swimme.</p> - -<p>Their weapons are bowes and arrowes, I -never saw more then two fowling peeces, one -pistall, about foure Halfe-pikes, and three Curtlaces <span class="sidenote"><i>Cutlasses</i></span> -amongst them, so that we neede not to -feare them much, if wee auoid their Treacherie.</p> - -<p>Their houses are built in halfe an houres space -being onely a few powles or boughes stucke in -the ground and couered with the barkes of -trees.</p> - -<p>Their Language differs as <em>English & Welch</em>. -On a time the Gouernour was at my house, and -brought with him a <em>Salvage</em>, who liued not -aboue 70. miles from the place which I haue -made choise of, who talking with another Sauage, -they were glad to vse broken <em>English</em> to expresse -their mind each to other, not being able -to vnderstand one another in their Language.</p> - -<p>And to say something of the Countrey: I -will not doe therein as some haue done, to my -knowledge speak more then is true: I will not -tell you that you may smell the corne fields before -you see the Land, neither must men thinke<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_287"></a>[287]</span> -that corne doth growe naturally (or on trees,) -nor will the <em>Deare</em> come when they are called, -or stand still and looke one a man, untill he -shute him, not knowing a man from a beast, -nor the fish leape into the kettle, nor on the drie -Land, neither are they so plentifull, that you -may dipp them up in baskets, nor take <em>Codd</em> in -netts to make a voyage, which is no truer: then -that the fowles will present themselues, to you -with spitts through them.</p> - -<p>But certainely there is fowle, <em>Deare</em>, and Fish -enough for the taking if men be diligent, there -be also Vines, Plume trees, Cherry trees, Strawberies, -Gooseberies, and Raspes, Walnutts, chesnut, -and small nuts, of each great plenty; there -is also great store of parsley, and divers other -holesome Earbes, both for profit and pleasure, -with great store of Saxifrage, Cersa-perilla, and -Anni-seeds.</p> - -<p>And for the ground there is large & goodly -Marsh to make meddow, higher land for pasture -and corne.</p> - -<p>There be these severall sorts of earth, which -I haue seene, as, <em>Clay</em>, <em>Sand</em>, <em>Grauill</em>, yea and as -blacke fatt earth, as ever I sawe in <em>England</em> in -all my life.</p> - -<p>There are likewise these helpes for ground, -as Seasand, <em>Oreworth</em> or <em>Wracke</em>, <em>Marle</em> blew and -white, and some men say there is <em>Lime</em>, but I -must confesse I neuer saw any <em>Lime-stone</em>: but<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_288"></a>[288]</span> -I haue tried the Shels of Fish, and I find them -to be good <em>Lime</em>.</p> - -<p>Now let any husbandman tell mee, whither -there be any feare of hauing any kind of Corne, -hauing these seuerall kinds of Earth with these -helpes, the Climat being full as good if not better -than <em>England</em>.</p> - -<p>I dare be bold to say also, there may be -Shippes as conueniently built there as in any -place of the world, where, I haue beene, and -better cheape. As for Plancke, crooked Timber, -and all other sorts what so euer can be desired -for such purpose, the world cannot afford -better. Masts and Yeards of all sises, there be -allso Trees growing, whereof Pitch and Tarre -is made.</p> - -<p>And for Sailes and all sorts of Cordish you -neede not to want, if you will but sowe Hempe -and Flaxseede, and after worke it. Now there -wants nothing but Iron, and truely I thinke -I haue seene Iron-stones there, but I must -acknowledge I haue no great iudgement in -Mineralls, yet I haue seene the Iron-workes -in <em>England</em>, and this Stone is like ours. But -howsoever if the Countrie will not afford Iron, -yet it may be easilie brought, for it is good -Ballast for Shippes.</p> - -<p>There is also much excellent Timber for -Ioyners and Coopers: howsoeuer a worthy Noble -man hath beene abused, who sent ouer some<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_289"></a>[289]</span> -to make Pippe-staues, who either for want of -skill or industrie, did no good. Yet I dare say no -place in <em>England</em> can afford better Timber for -Pippe-staues, then foure seuerall places which -I haue seene in that Countrey.</p> - -<p>Thus haue I relaited vnto you what I haue -seene, and doe know may be had in those parts -of <em>New-England</em> where I haue beene, yet was I -neuer at the Mesachusett, which is counted the -Paradise of <em>New-England</em>, nor at <em>Cape Ann</em>. But -I feare there hath been too faire a glosse set on -<em>Cape Ann</em>. I am told there is a good Harbour -which makes a faire Inuitation, but when they -are in, their entertainement is not answerable, -for there is little good ground, and the Shippes -which fished there this yeare, their boats went -twenty miles to take their Fish, and yet they -were in great feare of making their Voyages, as -one of the Masters confessed vnto me who was -at my house.</p> - -<p>Neither was I at <em>New-Plimoth</em>, but I feare -that place is not so good as many other, for if -it were in my conceite they would content -themselues with it and not seeke for any other -hauing ten times so much ground as would -serue ten times so many people as they haue -now amongst them. But it seemes they haue -no Fish to make benifit of, for this yeare they -had one Shippe Fisht at <em>Pemoquid</em>, and an other -at <em>Cape Ann</em>, where they haue begun a new<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_290"></a>[290]</span> -Plantation, but how long it will continew I -know not.</p> - -<p>Neither was I ever farther to the West then -the Iles of <em>Shoulds</em>.</p> - -<p>Thus have I done with my commendations -of the Countrie. I will now speake the worst -I know by it.</p> - -<p>About the middle of May you shall haue -little Flies, called <em>Musketoes</em>, which are like -Gnatts, they continue as I am told, vntill the -last of July. These are very troublesome for the -time, for they sting exceedingly both night and -day. But I found by experience that bootes or -thicke stockings would saue the legges, gloues -the hands, and tiffeney or some such things -which will not much hinder the sight will saue -the face, and at night any smoake will secure -a man.</p> - -<p>The reason of the aboundance of these creatures, -I take to be the woods which hinders the -aire, for I haue obserued allwaies when the -winde did blow but a little, we were not much -troubled with them.</p> - -<p>And I verily thinke that if there were a good -number of people planted together, and that the -woods were cut downe, the earth were tilled, -and the rubbish which lieth on the ground -wherein they breed were burnt, and that there -were many chimneyes smoaking, such small -creatures would doe but little hurt.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_291"></a>[291]</span></p> - -<p>Another euill or inconuenience I see there, -the snow in winter did lie very long vpon the -ground.</p> - -<p>But I understand that all the parts of Christendome, -were troubled with a cold winter -so well as wee. Yet would I aske any man -what hurt snow doeth? The husbandman will -say that Corne is the better for it. And I hope -Cattell may bee as well fed in the house there -as in <em>England</em>, <em>Scotland</em>, and other Countries, and -he is but an ill husband that cannot find imployments -for his seruants within doores for -that time. As for Wiues and Children if they -bee wise they will keepe themselues close by a -good fire, and for men they will haue no occasion -to ride to Faires or Markets, <em>Sysses</em> or Sessions, -only Hawkes and Hounds will not then -be vsefull.</p> - -<p>Yet let me tell you that it is still almost -Christmas before there be any winter there, so -that the cold time doth not continue long.</p> - -<p>And by all reason that Countrey should be -hotter then England, being many Degrees farther -from the North Pole.</p> - -<p>And thus according to my poore understanding -I haue given you the best information I can -of the people and Country, commodities and -discommodities. Now giue mee leaue to oppose -myselfe against the man beforementioned, -and others, who speaks against the Country, and<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_292"></a>[292]</span> -plantations in those parts, and to set down such -obiections as I haue heard them make, and my -answers, and afterward let wisedome iudge: for -my desire is, that the saddle may be set on the -right horse, and the Asse may be rid, and the -knaue punished, either for discouraging or incouraging -too much, whosoeuer he be.</p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp75" id="i292" style="max-width: 12.5em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i292.jpg" alt="(ship at sea)" /> -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SAILORS NARRATIVES OF VOYAGES ALONG THE NEW ENGLAND COAST, 1524-1624 ***</div> -<div style='text-align:left'> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will -be renamed. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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