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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4811037 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #67395 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/67395) diff --git a/old/67395-0.txt b/old/67395-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 8dac74c..0000000 --- a/old/67395-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,599 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of Lincoln, the American, by Frank O. -Lowden - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: Lincoln, the American - -Author: Frank O. Lowden - -Release Date: February 13, 2022 [eBook #67395] - -Language: English - -Produced by: Charlene Taylor, Chuck Greif and the Online Distributed - Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was - produced from images generously made available by The - Internet Archive/American Libraries.) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LINCOLN, THE AMERICAN *** - - - - - - Lincoln, The American - - by - - FRANK O. LOWDEN - - Governor of Illinois - - - Boston, Mass. - - February 12, 1919 - - - [Printed by authority of the State of Illinois.] - - - [Illustration: colophon] - SPRINGFIELD, ILL. - ILLINOIS STATE JOURNAL CO., STATE PRINTERS - 1919 - - 15793--1M - - - Governor Frank O. Lowden of Illinois delivered the following - address before the Middlesex Club at the Hotel Somerset - in Boston, Mass., Wednesday evening February - 12, 1919: - -Principles rather than policies appealed to Abraham Lincoln. All great -questions seemed to him to involve some moral quality. It was his habit, -therefore, to resolve them into their simple fundamentals. It thus -happens that many of his words are as apt and forceful to-day as when -they were first spoken by him. Your Club has recognized this fact and -has made “Lincoln, the American,” the theme of the evening. In harmony -with this thought, I shall try to put before you some of the things for -which Lincoln stood, which directly apply, as it seems to me, to the -grave problems with which we and all the world with us are now -confronted. - -A hundred and ten years ago to-day, two men were born. Both have been -dust for many years. Yet each played a large part in the Great World War -that we hope has reached its close. These men were Charles Darwin and -Abraham Lincoln. Darwin devoted his life to the study of material -things. In that world in which he lived he found heredity and -environment to be the controlling facts. Out of his study came the -doctrine of the survival of the fittest. The savants of Germany made -that doctrine the corner-stone of a new philosophy which they called -Kultur. - -According to Kultur, the world belonged to the strong and to the strong -alone. Might was right, and the world was in the relentless grip of -physical force. Justice, gentleness, righteousness were words invented -by the weak to protect themselves against the strong. To pity a foe was -weakness; to spare him was a crime. Kultur was a denial of the moral -law; was a blind faith in the power of the laws of life which Darwin had -declared. - -On the same day, in a cabin in Kentucky, Abraham Lincoln was born. If -heredity and environment had been all there was in human life, we never -should have heard his name. While Darwin delved in rocks to find -vanished forms of life, Lincoln studied men. He learned to know men. By -them his sympathies were quickened; the moral depths of his being were -stirred; the right and wrong of human conduct engaged his deepest -thought. Just as the laws of physical being unfolded under the eye of -the great scientist, so the laws of the moral universe disclosed -themselves to the great man. It was said that Darwin could take a single -bone of some extinct and unknown animal and reconstruct that animal -perfectly. Lincoln at the same time could take a single wrong to society -and reconstruct society, to the everlasting benefit of all. Lincoln -never read The Origin of Species, but he knew that, under the moral law, -an injury by a superior race to an inferior reacted upon itself. He -said--“This is a world of compensation and he who would be no slave must -consent to have no slave. And those who deny freedom to others deserve -it not for themselves and under a just God cannot long retain it.” -Unconsciously, Lincoln became the interpreter of the moral laws of -society, just as Darwin became the interpreter of the physical laws of -life. Therefore, to Lincoln all men had the inalienable right to “life, -liberty and the pursuit of happiness.” Lincoln was as much at home -amidst the play of moral and spiritual forces as was Darwin in the realm -of mere matter. It was this moral grandeur to which Lincoln attained -that made him the wisest of all men. For, after all, wisdom is largely a -product of character. Men may be intellectually brilliant, indeed -brilliant beyond compare, and yet be utterly lacking in wisdom. Where -other men had views, Lincoln had convictions. Convictions come from the -heart and not from the brain. And so if there comes a question of human -liberty, of human rights, one may turn to Lincoln for an answer without -inquiring as to the particular year in which he wrote. There is a -perfect harmony running through all his utterances. - -It is not strange that as Kultur was partially founded upon the doctrine -of Darwin, so the Allies found their chief inspiration in the life of -Abraham Lincoln. For this great contest was a war between the material -forces of the world, upon the one hand, and the spiritual forces on the -other. Where the Central Empires found comfort in The Origin of Species, -the statesmen of England and France, and of Italy and the United States -read the Gettysburg speech and the Second Inaugural, and so they renewed -their faith and refreshed their courage. - -Darwin and Lincoln! Darwin announcing the survival of the strong! -Lincoln declaring that when being mounted up to man, love also came into -the universe to shield the weak! Lincoln insisting that when the laws of -the physical universe and of the moral universe clash, those of the -moral universe will prevail! Thank God, our soldiers, on a score of -immortal battlefields in the last two years, have proven that Lincoln -was right. The victory which we celebrate is the victory of spiritual -forces over the things of earth. - -Lincoln truly served mankind because he loved mankind. Genuine service -must always spring from the promptings of the heart, and is never a -product of the will alone. It was your own poet Lowell who said: - - “How beautiful to see - Once more a shepherd of mankind indeed, - Who loved his charge, but never loved to lead.” - -And so he couldn’t help giving his tenderest thought to the working man. -He cared for him because he cared for all men. All are familiar with his -significant saying that the Lord loves plain people because He made so -many of them. - -With reference to the age-old question of labor and capital, he -declared--“Labor is prior to and independent of capital. Capital is only -the fruit of labor and could never have existed if labor had not first -existed. Labor is the superior of capital and deserves much the highest -consideration.” This is but another way of saying that society should -chiefly concern itself with the lot in life of the average man. And this -is but saying, in another form, that Lincoln was a lover of humanity. -The Declaration of Independence, to which, again and again, he turned in -his thinking, included not only the right to life and liberty, but the -right to the pursuit of happiness as well. And it is interesting to note -that though Lincoln emphasized the right to liberty--for slavery was the -dominant issue at the time--he never referred to the Declaration, so far -as I can find, without coupling with the right to liberty, the right to -the pursuit of happiness. Life means much; liberty means much; but both -fail unless life can be lived and liberty enjoyed under conditions of -well-being. Any form of government is but a means to an end, and that -end is the happiness of the individual. I am sure that in our almost a -century and a half of existence, since that great day of Independence, -more men have lived happy lives in our country and under our form of -government than in any other in all the history of the world. - -But the happiness and well-being of the average man and woman must be -steadily advanced if our institutions are to endure. The economists may -explain, the statesmen may excuse our failure to accomplish this, but -the fact remains that our civilization will fail if the well-being of -the men and women and children of America shall not continuously -improve. - -This cannot be, however, in my opinion, if we destroy private initiative -in industry. For every invention, for every improved process made under -the stimulus of private initiative, though the inventor may profit, -society profits immeasurably more. A steadily reducing amount of human -labor is all the time required to produce the necessities of life. If we -shall abandon the ancient landmarks and substitute for private -initiative and private industry a socialistic state, the progress of -mankind will be arrested and retrogression will set in. Again Lincoln -speaks to us: it is a message for to-day--“The legitimate object of -government is to do for a community of people whatever they need to -have done but cannot do at all or cannot so well do for themselves in -their separate and individual capacities. In all that the people can -individually do as well for themselves, government ought not to -interfere.” He also warns us--“let not him who is houseless pull down -the house of another, but let him labor diligently and build one for -himself, thus by example assuring that his own shall be safe from -violence when built.” - -Lincoln was above all a great American. Indeed, it was that same poet of -yours, whom I have already quoted, who said of him--“new birth of our -new soil, the first American.” - -All his life he hated slavery, but he loved his country more. He -accepted battle not to free the slave but to save the Union. With sad -heart, but with steadfast courage, he faced the greatest war the world -had ever seen to keep the flag of his country--and not of the -world--flying in the sky. - -There are those who believe they can see somewhere high in the sky a -shadowy banner, upon which is written the word “internationalism.” To -some this far-away flag seems white and to others red. They believe, -that this flag is to supersede the flag of all the nations of the earth. -That time may come, but it will come only when men shall cease to love -their own, when they shall care for others’ families equally with their -own. In the meantime we can serve humanity best by serving our own -country first. - -Lincoln said: “I do not mean to say that this general government is -charged with the duty of redressing or preventing all the wrongs in the -world; but I do think that it is charged with preventing and redressing -all wrongs which are wrongs to itself.” These words might indicate that -Lincoln was not interested in humanity beyond our own borders. This is -not so. All through his writings runs the thought that our cause was the -cause of humanity. In his speech at Gettysburg, he did not say--“Let us -highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this -Nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom, and that -government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not -perish” _from the United States_, but “from the earth.” His vision -circled all the globe. His great heart was beating in sympathy with -mankind everywhere. But he knew that the surest way to help the world -was to cherish our priceless heritage at home. He knew that if we could -preserve intact the liberties and institutions which we called our own, -that was the greatest service we could render to mankind. - -How well he wrought I doubt if even he himself could fully understand. -The condition of mankind the world over has been constantly improving, -due to our influence and our example. The American Republic has been an -inspiration to the lovers of liberty everywhere. It is the last and best -hope of the world and he who would imperil its future by excess of love -for other peoples and other lands is recreant not only to his country, -but to mankind everywhere. The Republic, during its almost a century and -a half of existence, has had a mighty influence throughout the world. -Its power has come from its success as a self-governing nation. Our -influence has run around the globe because we have contented ourselves -with being an exemplar to, rather than a ruler of mankind. - -Lincoln did preserve the Union and free the slaves. That Nation which he -saved had grown so powerful in a little more than fifty years that it -was able, in the supreme crisis of civilization, to turn the tide of the -great world conflict. And as he prayed, so now we may have faith to -believe that “government of the people, by the people, for the people -shall not perish _from the earth_.” - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LINCOLN, THE AMERICAN *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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Lowden</p> -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online -at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you -are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the -country where you are located before using this eBook. -</div> - -<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: Lincoln, the American</p> -<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: Frank O. Lowden</p> -<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: February 13, 2022 [eBook #67395]</p> -<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</p> - <p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; text-align:left'>Produced by: Charlene Taylor, Chuck Greif and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)</p> -<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LINCOLN, THE AMERICAN ***</div> -<hr class="full" /> - -<div class="c"> -<img src="images/cover.jpg" height="500" alt="" /> -</div> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_1" id="page_1">{1}</a></span></p> - -<h1>Lincoln, The American</h1> - -<p class="c">by<br /><br /> -FRANK O. LOWDEN<br /><br /> -Governor of Illinois<br /><br /> -Boston, Mass.<br /><br /> -February 12, 1919<br /><br /><br /> -[Printed by authority of the State of Illinois.]</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="page_2" id="page_2">{2}</a></span>  </p> - -<p class="cspc"><img src="images/colophon.png" -width="65" -alt="" /><br /><small> -<span class="smcap">Springfield, Ill.</span><br /> -<span class="smcap">Illinois State Journal Co., State Printers</span><br /> -1919<br /> -15793—1M</small> -<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_3" id="page_3">{3}</a></span></p> - -<p class="cb"> -Governor Frank O. Lowden of Illinois delivered the following<br /> -address before the Middlesex Club at the Hotel Somerset<br /> -in Boston, Mass., Wednesday evening February<br /> -12, 1919:<br /> -</p> - -<p>Principles rather than policies appealed to Abraham Lincoln. All great -questions seemed to him to involve some moral quality. It was his habit, -therefore, to resolve them into their simple fundamentals. It thus -happens that many of his words are as apt and forceful to-day as when -they were first spoken by him. Your Club has recognized this fact and -has made “Lincoln, the American,” the theme of the evening. In harmony -with this thought, I shall try to put before you some of the things for -which Lincoln stood, which directly apply, as it seems to me, to the -grave problems with which we and all the world with us are now -confronted.</p> - -<p>A hundred and ten years ago to-day, two men were born. Both have been -dust for many years. Yet each played a large part in the Great World War -that we hope has reached its close. These men were Charles Darwin and -Abraham Lincoln. Darwin devoted his life to the study of material -things. In that world in which he lived he found heredity and -environment to be the controlling facts. Out of his study came the -doctrine of the survival of the fittest. The savants of Germany made -that doctrine the corner-stone of a new philosophy which they called -Kultur.</p> - -<p>According to Kultur, the world belonged to the strong and to the strong -alone. Might was right, and the world was in the relentless grip of -physical force. Justice, gentleness, righteousness were words invented -by the weak to protect themselves against the strong. To pity a foe was -weakness; to spare him was a crime. Kultur was a denial of the moral -law; was a blind faith in the power of the laws of life which Darwin had -declared.</p> - -<p>On the same day, in a cabin in Kentucky, Abraham Lincoln was born. If -heredity and environment had been all there was in human life, we never -should have heard his name. While Darwin delved in rocks to find -vanished forms of life, Lincoln studied men. He learned to know men. By -them his sympathies were quickened; the moral depths of his being were -stirred; the right and wrong of human conduct engaged his deepest -thought. Just as the laws of physical being unfolded under the eye of -the great scientist, so the laws of the moral <span class="pagenum"><a name="page_4" id="page_4">{4}</a></span>universe disclosed -themselves to the great man. It was said that Darwin could take a single -bone of some extinct and unknown animal and reconstruct that animal -perfectly. Lincoln at the same time could take a single wrong to society -and reconstruct society, to the everlasting benefit of all. Lincoln -never read The Origin of Species, but he knew that, under the moral law, -an injury by a superior race to an inferior reacted upon itself. He -said—“This is a world of compensation and he who would be no slave must -consent to have no slave. And those who deny freedom to others deserve -it not for themselves and under a just God cannot long retain it.” -Unconsciously, Lincoln became the interpreter of the moral laws of -society, just as Darwin became the interpreter of the physical laws of -life. Therefore, to Lincoln all men had the inalienable right to “life, -liberty and the pursuit of happiness.” Lincoln was as much at home -amidst the play of moral and spiritual forces as was Darwin in the realm -of mere matter. It was this moral grandeur to which Lincoln attained -that made him the wisest of all men. For, after all, wisdom is largely a -product of character. Men may be intellectually brilliant, indeed -brilliant beyond compare, and yet be utterly lacking in wisdom. Where -other men had views, Lincoln had convictions. Convictions come from the -heart and not from the brain. And so if there comes a question of human -liberty, of human rights, one may turn to Lincoln for an answer without -inquiring as to the particular year in which he wrote. There is a -perfect harmony running through all his utterances.</p> - -<p>It is not strange that as Kultur was partially founded upon the doctrine -of Darwin, so the Allies found their chief inspiration in the life of -Abraham Lincoln. For this great contest was a war between the material -forces of the world, upon the one hand, and the spiritual forces on the -other. Where the Central Empires found comfort in The Origin of Species, -the statesmen of England and France, and of Italy and the United States -read the Gettysburg speech and the Second Inaugural, and so they renewed -their faith and refreshed their courage.</p> - -<p>Darwin and Lincoln! Darwin announcing the survival of the strong! -Lincoln declaring that when being mounted up to man, love also came into -the universe to shield the weak! Lincoln insisting that when the laws of -the physical universe and of the moral universe clash, those of the -moral universe will prevail! Thank God, our soldiers, on a score of -immortal battlefields in the last two years, have proven that Lincoln -was right. The victory which we celebrate is the victory of spiritual -forces over the things of earth.</p> - -<p>Lincoln truly served mankind because he loved mankind. Genuine service -must always spring from the promptings of the heart, and is never a -product of the will alone. It was your own poet Lowell who said:<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_5" id="page_5">{5}</a></span></p> - -<div class="poetry"> -<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> -<span class="i0">“How beautiful to see<br /></span> -<span class="i1">Once more a shepherd of mankind indeed,<br /></span> -<span class="i1">Who loved his charge, but never loved to lead.”<br /></span> -</div></div> -</div> - -<p>And so he couldn’t help giving his tenderest thought to the working man. -He cared for him because he cared for all men. All are familiar with his -significant saying that the Lord loves plain people because He made so -many of them.</p> - -<p>With reference to the age-old question of labor and capital, he -declared—“Labor is prior to and independent of capital. Capital is only -the fruit of labor and could never have existed if labor had not first -existed. Labor is the superior of capital and deserves much the highest -consideration.” This is but another way of saying that society should -chiefly concern itself with the lot in life of the average man. And this -is but saying, in another form, that Lincoln was a lover of humanity. -The Declaration of Independence, to which, again and again, he turned in -his thinking, included not only the right to life and liberty, but the -right to the pursuit of happiness as well. And it is interesting to note -that though Lincoln emphasized the right to liberty—for slavery was the -dominant issue at the time—he never referred to the Declaration, so far -as I can find, without coupling with the right to liberty, the right to -the pursuit of happiness. Life means much; liberty means much; but both -fail unless life can be lived and liberty enjoyed under conditions of -well-being. Any form of government is but a means to an end, and that -end is the happiness of the individual. I am sure that in our almost a -century and a half of existence, since that great day of Independence, -more men have lived happy lives in our country and under our form of -government than in any other in all the history of the world.</p> - -<p>But the happiness and well-being of the average man and woman must be -steadily advanced if our institutions are to endure. The economists may -explain, the statesmen may excuse our failure to accomplish this, but -the fact remains that our civilization will fail if the well-being of -the men and women and children of America shall not continuously -improve.</p> - -<p>This cannot be, however, in my opinion, if we destroy private initiative -in industry. For every invention, for every improved process made under -the stimulus of private initiative, though the inventor may profit, -society profits immeasurably more. A steadily reducing amount of human -labor is all the time required to produce the necessities of life. If we -shall abandon the ancient landmarks and substitute for private -initiative and private industry a socialistic state, the progress of -mankind will be arrested and retrogression will set in. Again Lincoln -speaks to us: it is a message for to-day—“The legitimate object of -gov<span class="pagenum"><a name="page_6" id="page_6">{6}</a></span>ernment is to do for a community of people whatever they need to -have done but cannot do at all or cannot so well do for themselves in -their separate and individual capacities. In all that the people can -individually do as well for themselves, government ought not to -interfere.” He also warns us—“let not him who is houseless pull down -the house of another, but let him labor diligently and build one for -himself, thus by example assuring that his own shall be safe from -violence when built.”</p> - -<p>Lincoln was above all a great American. Indeed, it was that same poet of -yours, whom I have already quoted, who said of him—“new birth of our -new soil, the first American.”</p> - -<p>All his life he hated slavery, but he loved his country more. He -accepted battle not to free the slave but to save the Union. With sad -heart, but with steadfast courage, he faced the greatest war the world -had ever seen to keep the flag of his country—and not of the -world—flying in the sky.</p> - -<p>There are those who believe they can see somewhere high in the sky a -shadowy banner, upon which is written the word “internationalism.” To -some this far-away flag seems white and to others red. They believe, -that this flag is to supersede the flag of all the nations of the earth. -That time may come, but it will come only when men shall cease to love -their own, when they shall care for others’ families equally with their -own. In the meantime we can serve humanity best by serving our own -country first.</p> - -<p>Lincoln said: “I do not mean to say that this general government is -charged with the duty of redressing or preventing all the wrongs in the -world; but I do think that it is charged with preventing and redressing -all wrongs which are wrongs to itself.” These words might indicate that -Lincoln was not interested in humanity beyond our own borders. This is -not so. All through his writings runs the thought that our cause was the -cause of humanity. In his speech at Gettysburg, he did not say—“Let us -highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this -Nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom, and that -government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not -perish” <i>from the United States</i>, but “from the earth.” His vision -circled all the globe. His great heart was beating in sympathy with -mankind everywhere. But he knew that the surest way to help the world -was to cherish our priceless heritage at home. He knew that if we could -preserve intact the liberties and institutions which we called our own, -that was the greatest service we could render to mankind.</p> - -<p>How well he wrought I doubt if even he himself could fully understand. -The condition of mankind the world over has been constantly improving, -due to our influence and our example. The American Republic <span class="pagenum"><a name="page_7" id="page_7">{7}</a></span>has been an -inspiration to the lovers of liberty everywhere. It is the last and best -hope of the world and he who would imperil its future by excess of love -for other peoples and other lands is recreant not only to his country, -but to mankind everywhere. The Republic, during its almost a century and -a half of existence, has had a mighty influence throughout the world. -Its power has come from its success as a self-governing nation. Our -influence has run around the globe because we have contented ourselves -with being an exemplar to, rather than a ruler of mankind.</p> - -<p>Lincoln did preserve the Union and free the slaves. That Nation which he -saved had grown so powerful in a little more than fifty years that it -was able, in the supreme crisis of civilization, to turn the tide of the -great world conflict. And as he prayed, so now we may have faith to -believe that “government of the people, by the people, for the people -shall not perish <i>from the earth</i>.”</p> - -<hr class="full" /> -<div style='display:block; margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LINCOLN, THE AMERICAN ***</div> -<div style='text-align:left'> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will -be renamed. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part -of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project -Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™ -concept and trademark. 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