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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0957a98 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #67393 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/67393) diff --git a/old/67393-0.txt b/old/67393-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index bb53450..0000000 --- a/old/67393-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,8160 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Fourth Battalion, The King's Own
-(Royal Lancaster Regiment) and the Great War, by Walter Wadham
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
-most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
-whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
-of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
-www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you
-will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before
-using this eBook.
-
-Title: The Fourth Battalion, The King's Own (Royal Lancaster Regiment)
- and the Great War
-
-Author: Walter Wadham
-
-Release Date: February 14, 2022 [eBook #67393]
-
-Language: English
-
-Produced by: Brian Coe, Karin Spence and the Online Distributed
- Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
-
-*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE FOURTH BATTALION, THE
-KING'S OWN (ROYAL LANCASTER REGIMENT) AND THE GREAT WAR ***
-
-
-
-
-
- THE
-
- FOURTH BATTALION
- THE KING’S OWN
-
- (Royal Lancaster Regiment)
-
- AND
-
- THE GREAT WAR
-
-
- Lieut.-Colonel W. F. A. WADHAM
-
- and
-
- Captain J. CROSSLEY
-
-
- _COPYRIGHT_
-
-
-
-
- CONTENTS.
- _Page._
-
- CHAPTER I. EARLY DAYS 7
-
- CHAPTER II. FESTUBERT 21
-
- CHAPTER III. PICARDY 32
-
- CHAPTER IV. ARRAS 48
-
- CHAPTER V. THE SOMME 58
-
- CHAPTER VI. YPRES 73
-
- CHAPTER VII. THIRD BATTLE OF YPRES 82
-
- CHAPTER VIII. GIVENCHY 110
-
- CHAPTER IX. CONCLUSION 134
-
- APPENDICES I–XX
-
- INDEX XXI–XXIV
-
-
-
-
- FOREWORD
-
-
-_These notes have been compiled, more or less in the form of a diary,
-with a view to placing on record the services of those who voluntarily
-came forward to serve their country in its hour of need._
-
- WALTER F. A. WADHAM.
-
- _February, 1920._
-
-
-
-
- THE FOURTH BATTALION
-
- THE KING’S OWN REGIMENT
-
- AND THE GREAT WAR
-
- NOTES BY LIEUT.-COL. W. F. A. WADHAM, V.D.
-
-
-
-
- CHAPTER I.
-
- EARLY DAYS.
-
-
-The year 1914 will for ever be looked back upon as the most memorable
-in the history of the Battalion.
-
-The outbreak of the Great War in the month of August of that year
-caused the Mobilization Scheme, over which for years past each
-succeeding Adjutant had, in his turn, burned much midnight oil in
-endeavours to bring up-to-date the efforts of his predecessor, to be
-put to the test.
-
-On Sunday, August 2nd, of that year, the Battalion proceeded to Camp at
-Kirkby Lonsdale to undergo the usual fourteen days’ Annual Training as
-one of the units forming the West Lancashire Brigade of the Territorial
-Force. War and rumours of War then filled the air, and, upon arrival at
-Kirkby Lonsdale, a warning was issued by the Brigade Commander (Colonel
-G. L. Hibbert, D.S.O.) for the units composing the Brigade not to make
-themselves too comfortable, nor to make preparations for any lengthened
-stay, as orders had been received to detain the trains in which the
-troops had arrived, and further orders for the troops to return to
-their peace stations were hourly expected. These orders duly arrived in
-the early hours of Monday, August 3rd, and at 9.30 a.m. the Battalion
-started on its homeward journey, after the shortest Annual Training on
-record.
-
-The Detachments proceeded to their various peace Headquarters, and the
-men were dismissed to their homes, with a warning that, in the event
-of the expected Mobilization taking place, they would be immediately
-recalled.
-
-Germany having violated the neutrality of Belgium by attempting to
-utilize that country as a high road to Paris, Great Britain declared
-war on Germany on the 4th August, 1914, and on the night of the
-4th/5th, orders were issued throughout the country for the Mobilization
-of the Territorial Force. The Mobilization telegram reached
-Headquarters about 6 p.m. on the 4th, and notices were at once issued,
-and the Battalion began to assemble at 5 a.m. on the 5th, for Medical
-Inspection. At 7 a.m. the Headquarter Companies had been medically
-inspected and at once left to guard the Kent and Leven Viaducts and
-by 4.30 p.m. that day, with the exception of the guards left by the
-Ulverston Detachment to protect the Kent and Leven Viaducts and by the
-Millom Detachment to protect the Duddon Viaduct, the Battalion had
-assembled in Barrow, and, under the command of the Officer Commanding
-Barrow Coast Defences, taken over important duties in connection with
-the protection of the works of Messrs. Vickers and the Harbour and
-Docks of the Furness Railway Company. Headquarters were established
-in the Holker Street Schools, and the surplus men, not required for
-guards, were billeted there.
-
-Little of any importance or worthy of note occurred during the time the
-Battalion was stationed in Barrow, an air-raid scare, involving the
-standing to arms of all ranks for several hours in the middle of a very
-cold night, forming the only excitement.
-
-The time was chiefly devoted to obtaining mobilization stores,
-ammunition and equipment (not forgetting transport, which, in these
-early stages of the war, was a most heterogeneous selection, varying
-from a milk float to a motor lorry, with water carts commandeered from
-the Local Authorities). The animals necessary for their haulage were an
-equally varied selection, including about every kind of “hairy” from a
-polo pony to a Clydesdale.
-
-It was generally expected that the Battalion’s next move would be to
-Ireland, and the advance party started off for that destination on the
-morning of August 8th, only to be recalled from Liverpool later in the
-day, owing to an order having been received cancelling the move.
-
-On the 10th the Battalion was relieved from all duties in connection
-with the Barrow Defences, these being taken over by another Battalion,
-and on the 11th orders were received to move to Ulverston that day. The
-Battalion left Barrow at 6.15 p.m. on the 11th, and proceeded by road
-to Ulverston, arriving about 9.15 p.m.
-
-In Ulverston the men were billeted in the Victoria Grammar School and
-the Dale Street Schools, Headquarters being established in the former.
-Whilst stationed at Ulverston the fitting out with equipment and
-drawing of mobilization stores was continued, drill and route marching
-filling up the time. On the 15th August orders were received (at 2.45
-a.m.) to move to Slough for the purpose of guarding the Main Line of
-the Great Western Railway, between Paddington and Maidenhead.
-
-The Battalion left Ulverston on the 15th, in two trains (the first at
-10.30 a.m. and the second at 12 noon), and arrived at Slough at 7.30
-and 10.30 p.m. respectively. The second train was delayed owing to one
-of the horse boxes falling to pieces at Crewe, thereby causing serious
-injuries to the animals it contained, and our first casualty, one of
-the horses being so seriously damaged that it had to be shot.
-
-On arrival at Slough the Battalion was billeted in various schools
-for the night, and the following morning divided up by Companies.
-These were distributed amongst the different stations on the length
-of line--from Paddington to Twyford--allotted to the Battalion.
-Headquarters were established at Slough, in a large empty house with
-spacious grounds surrounding it, which quickly acquired the soubriquet
-of “Black Lead Castle,” owing to one of its former occupants having
-rejoiced in the name of Nixey. A black cat, “which went with the
-place,” succeeded to the title of the former occupant.
-
-At the stations along the line the officers and men were accommodated
-in the waiting rooms, without bedding, furniture, or comforts of any
-description, and lived in these comfortless places for rather more than
-three months, during which period the Battalion was carrying out the
-duties of patrolling the line and guarding the bridges, etc., their
-food being sent through from Slough in dixies.
-
-Great ingenuity was displayed by the members of the various detachments
-on the line in their endeavours to make their quarters, if not
-comfortable, at least habitable. The palm must be awarded to the Millom
-Detachment at Langley Park, where, under the able direction of the
-Company Cook, and with the assistance of a refuse tip alongside the
-railway, on which every conceivable kind of kitchen utensil seemed to
-have found its last resting place, a quite substantial and up-to-date
-kitchen was erected, and, with the aid of a huge Beecham’s Pills (or
-other) advertisement board and some borrowed (?) waggon sheets, a
-commodious lean-to shelter was constructed. The homeliness of the
-shelter was completed by the addition of a tame fox, with which,
-contrary to the usual laws of animal affection, an Airedale terrier
-used frequently to indulge in gambols like those of a pair of kittens.
-
-It was not to be expected that men fresh from the country, many of
-whom had never seen an express train before, could carry out these
-duties on a section of line such as the one for which the Battalion was
-responsible, without some casualties occurring. During the time the
-Battalion was employed on this duty several good men lost their lives
-in the service of their country, who would no doubt have preferably
-made the same sacrifice, had the opportunity been given them, against a
-more vulnerable foe than an express train.
-
-The Battalion Reserve (chiefly composed of recruits) remained at
-Slough, where it underwent the usual course of Infantry Training,
-including a certain amount of Musketry at Runnymede, a very different
-thing however, at the beginning of the War, from the course of
-training which developed as the War proceeded.
-
-It would be difficult to exaggerate the strain upon discipline involved
-in stringing out a Battalion of young and inexperienced soldiers upon
-a 30 miles length of railway, in close proximity to London and other
-places of interest and pleasure, or the additional responsibility thus
-thrown upon the Officers and N.C.O.’s, especially when all were anxious
-to proceed overseas at the earliest possible moment, and realized that,
-after being withdrawn from the duties of guarding the railway, it would
-be necessary for them to undergo a period of Battalion and Brigade
-Training before being considered qualified to do so. Naturally, some
-little impatience was displayed, but the Battalion’s reputation for
-good discipline was well maintained.
-
-Any spare time was chiefly devoted to football and cross country
-running, with a view to getting the members of the Battalion as fit as
-possible. The Battalion teams, drawn from all the stations on the line,
-achieved considerable success in both these forms of sport.
-
-For the mounted Officers, and those aspiring to become mounted, the
-proximity of Windsor Great Park proved a great attraction, and effected
-considerable improvement in their equitation. The Golf Clubs of Stoke
-Poges and Burnham Beeches were kind enough to make the officers of the
-Battalion honorary members, but no time was found in which to take
-advantage of this privilege.
-
-For the men a Club was organized by the Vicar, who was throughout most
-kind in doing all in his power to make the visit of the Battalion to
-Slough one which would call forth pleasant memories in the future. In
-fact, the general hospitality and kindness extended to all ranks of the
-Battalion during the time it was stationed in Slough was extraordinary,
-and was most gratefully appreciated.
-
-Whilst at Slough an enquiry was received from the War Office as
-to whether the Battalion would proceed to Egypt to join the East
-Lancashire Brigade. To this a reply was sent to the effect that the
-Commanding Officer preferred that his Battalion should remain with the
-West Lancashire Brigade. At a later date an order was received to send
-two Companies to join the East Lancashire Brigade in Egypt, and these
-were withdrawn from the line and equipped ready to proceed. In the
-meantime a protest was made against the breaking up of the Battalion,
-and, at the last moment, after two Companies from a Battalion from the
-West of England had arrived at Slough ready to take over the duties
-of the Companies withdrawn from the line, a message was received
-cancelling the order, with instructions to return the two Companies to
-the West of England.
-
-On November 9th the Companies of the Battalion, except those at
-Paddington and a few posts at other places, were withdrawn from the
-line, and on November 26th orders were received to move to Sevenoaks to
-join the remainder of the Brigade, which had moved there on the 11th.
-The Battalion left Slough in two trains, the first at 11 a.m. and the
-second at 1.15 p.m., on the 27th November, reaching Sevenoaks the same
-evening.
-
-At Sevenoaks the Battalion was billeted in the St. John’s end of the
-town, in empty houses, which, like the railway waiting rooms, were
-totally devoid of beds or furniture of any kind. The absence of any
-large buildings or halls suitable for drill, recreation or social
-purposes, in the area allotted to the Battalion, was also noticeable,
-and hardly conducive to comfort or efficiency.
-
-The time at Sevenoaks was devoted to Battalion training, various areas
-for this purpose being allotted in turn to the Battalions forming the
-Brigade, amongst these being Knole Park, The Wilderness, Chevening
-Park, etc.
-
-Musketry parties from time to time proceeded to Sandwich, Sittingbourne
-and Shoreham. The Battalion was also called upon to furnish a guard
-for the T.N.T. Store, which had been established in the caves at
-Chislehurst, and a visit of inspection to this guard invariably
-disclosed something of fresh interest.
-
-Christmas, 1914, found half the Battalion still at Sevenoaks, and half
-at Sandwich for musketry, and, though some disappointment was caused
-at first by the edict that no Christmas leave was to be granted, all
-pulled together to make the best of the circumstances, and, with the
-kind and generous assistance of friends at home and newly made friends,
-the day passed off most successfully.
-
-On the 22nd February, 1915, the billets of the Battalion being required
-for the accommodation of a Battalion of the New Army which was passing
-through Sevenoaks, the Battalion moved to Margate, where, on its
-arrival, it was received officially by the Mayor and Corporation, and
-proceeded to billets in excellent and well furnished houses at the
-Westcliff end of the town. During the time the Battalion remained in
-Margate, every kindness was extended to its members, and the visit will
-always be looked back upon by those who were fortunate enough to share
-in it (the guard at Chislehurst and the Musketry Party at Shoreham
-missed it) as a pleasant interlude in the hardships of training for
-war; the only regret connected therewith being the brevity of its
-duration.
-
-On the 28th February the Battalion returned to Sevenoaks, only to
-receive orders on the 1st March to proceed to Tonbridge before 11 a.m.
-on the day following. During the period at Sevenoaks many warnings of
-a sudden move, including one to the East Coast for immediate service
-after the bombardment of Scarborough, which arrived just as the
-Battalion returned from a twenty miles march, reached the Battalion.
-Although none of these materialized, they naturally caused uneasiness
-at the time.
-
-The Battalion left Sevenoaks at 10.30 a.m. on March 2nd, and proceeded
-by road to Tonbridge, arriving about 1 p.m. At Tonbridge the Battalion
-occupied billets at the south end of the town, and was stationed
-here until April 18th, the time being devoted to Battalion training.
-As, however, it was called upon to furnish guards at Dungeness,
-Birling Gap and Cuckmere Haven, in addition to that already provided
-at Chislehurst, the strength was considerably diminished, and there
-was little opportunity for the Battalion to assemble as a complete
-unit. In spite of this, steady progress was made in the training,
-and frequent route marches with full equipment, combined with night
-operations at intervals, contributed towards the hardening of the men,
-who were rapidly getting into first-class fighting form. Games were not
-neglected, and, on Easter Monday, most successful Athletic Sports were
-held on the grounds of the Tonbridge School, very kindly placed at the
-disposal of the Battalion for the occasion.
-
-On the 14th April warning was received that the Battalion was shortly
-to move to Bedford to join a Lancashire Brigade in the 51st (Highland)
-Division, and to proceed overseas with that Division at an early date.
-The Battalion left Tonbridge at 5.55 a.m. on April 18th, and arrived at
-Bedford at 9.20 a.m., its arrival creating a most favourable impression.
-
-At Bedford the time was chiefly occupied in handing in old clothing and
-equipment, and receiving and fitting new. This exchange included new
-transport--both animals and vehicles--the mixed assortment which had so
-far served the purpose, together with a large assortment of antiquated
-and superfluous stores of every variety, having been left behind at
-Tonbridge.
-
-The long period of training at home came to an end on the 3rd May,
-1915, and in the afternoon of that day the Battalion left Bedford to
-join the British Expeditionary Force on the Western Front.
-
-During this early period of the war, various problems as to how to
-obtain a sufficient number of men to send overseas and to retain an
-adequate number to carry on the work in munition factories, seemed to
-be perplexing the minds of the authorities, the uncertainty as to the
-right course to adopt having anything but a beneficial effect either on
-recruiting or training.
-
-At first, returns were called for asking for the number of men willing
-to transfer from the Territorial Force to the Line Battalions, but
-this met with little response. Then returns as to how many men would
-volunteer for foreign service with the Line Battalions were called
-for, with similar results. Eventually, and happily, it was decided to
-ask the Territorial Battalions to volunteer for service overseas as
-complete units. This they did practically without exception. At first
-each man was given the opportunity of deciding for himself whether
-he would serve overseas or be transferred to a second line unit for
-service at home, but, later, only men unfit for general service were
-posted to the second line.
-
-As regards the men required for munitions, the fact that the Battalion
-was drawn from an area in which the Barrow works of Messrs. Vickers
-were situated, caused great difficulty in obtaining the necessary
-number of men to recruit its ranks up to war strength. In addition
-to this, the constant withdrawal of men--chiefly those formerly
-employed by Messrs. Vickers--who had already undergone a lengthened
-period of training, and of whom several had become efficient N.C.O’s,
-was a severe handicap. The result of these conditions was that the
-Battalion was not sufficiently up to strength to proceed overseas with
-the remainder of the Brigade, the units of which commenced to leave
-Sevenoaks during the second week in February, 1915.
-
-This caused much chagrin and disappointment, which was, however,
-somewhat mitigated by the confidence in the efficiency of the Battalion
-manifested by the higher authorities in entrusting to us so many
-onerous and responsible duties and, eventually, sending it overseas
-when very considerably under strength, and at a time when the situation
-in the war area was extremely tense.
-
-The route was via Folkestone and Boulogne, the transport having
-proceeded in advance via Southampton and Havre. The channel was
-crossed in the dark, darkness still prevailing on arrival at Boulogne,
-and deluges of rain added to the discomforts of disembarkation. The
-remaining hours of the night were spent in the camp on the top of
-the hill, a wind-swept place where the Indian tents, at that time,
-provided poor shelter.
-
-After breakfast the following morning (May 4th), the Battalion started
-off down the other side of the hill to the station, and here joined
-the train conveying the transport from Havre, speculation as to its
-destination being somewhat rife. So far as the railway journey was
-concerned the destination proved to be Berguette, from which station
-the Battalion marched to Ham-en-Artois, and joined the Brigade.
-
-Here the Battalion had its first experience of close billets in
-a foreign land, and those to whom a barn, with some hay or straw
-in it, was allotted, considered themselves literally, as well as
-metaphorically, in clover.
-
-In these early days of the war everything was exceedingly primitive,
-not only with regard to the billets, but also the food and feeding
-arrangements. However, stout hearts and good spirits overcame all
-difficulties, and the time for which all had been waiting so long,
-viz., to get overseas, having at last arrived, the realization of this
-ambition caused all hardships and discomforts to be accepted cheerfully.
-
-The Battalion remained at Ham until the evening of May 6th, when it
-moved via Busnes, Robecq, and St. Venant, to Calonne-sur-la-Lys, to
-form a reserve for the Fromelles show. A long distressing march was
-carried out by the Brigade in darkness and rain lasting throughout the
-night, during which progress was frequently delayed by other troops at
-cross roads, railway crossings, etc.
-
-At Calonne the billets were very similar to those at Ham, the
-Headquarters being established in an old Mill House. Whilst here the
-Battalion thankfully made acquaintance with the baths improvised for
-the troops, and the opportunities offered for a change of clothing.
-The members also had their first introduction to Indian Native Troops,
-units of the Meerut Division coming in to rest and refit during the
-time the Battalion was at Calonne. The town was well within the
-sound of the guns at the front, and at night the sky was brilliantly
-illuminated by their flashes.
-
-On 13th May the Battalion moved to Meteren (in readiness to proceed
-to Ypres), via Merville, Neuf Berguin and Vieux Berguin, taking over
-billets from the Canadian Royal Field Artillery. Whilst the Battalion
-was in Meteren the first Artillery of the New Army to arrive in France
-passed through, and the Horse Show provided thereby provoked the
-admiration of all beholders.
-
-May 19th saw the Battalion move southwards once more, through Bailleul
-and the two Berguins, to La Gorgue, near Estaires--another long wet
-night march. Here it occupied the filthiest billets so far met with.
-Large numbers of both officers and men were allotted the buildings,
-including the Chapel, of a Convent School, the floors of which were
-inches deep in mud, whilst the grounds surrounding the buildings seemed
-to have been used for some time as the town refuse tip.
-
-Luckily, another move further south to Locon, was made next day. This
-was a much more habitable and congenial spot, where the proximity of
-the La Bassee Canal afforded facilities for bathing, and the town of
-Bethune, in spite of daily shell fire from the Huns an excuse for a
-ride.
-
-The only incident to be recorded during the stay of the Battalion in
-Locon was an ear splitting competition between a battery of French
-“75’s,” which arrived in the village one evening, and a thunderstorm,
-which seemed to resent its presence. The thunderstorm won, and,
-incidentally, did considerable damage.
-
-Whilst in Locon one N.C.O. and two men from the Lincolns, with
-experience of trench warfare, were attached, as instructors, to each
-Company, prior to their going into the trenches at Richebourg L’Avoue.
-In later days New Army Battalions were sent into the trenches in
-driblets--“opposite numbers”--Platoons and Companies, to mix with
-trench troops and become well acquainted with trench duties before
-taking over duty as units, but the Territorial Force had no such
-preliminary training. The Battalion subsequently had the honour of
-initiating several Battalions of the New Army into their duties.
-
-The night of the 24th/25th May, 1915, marked the Battalion’s first
-introduction to the trenches. It was allotted a section near the
-Ferme-du-Bois, in the neighbourhood of Richebourg L’Avoue, which it
-took over in the dark hours of the night, and where it underwent
-its baptism of fire with singularly little protection, owing to
-the inadequate and dilapidated condition of the trenches. However,
-it survived the ordeal with considerable credit, and, luckily, few
-casualties, a congratulatory order being issued by the Brigade.
-
-On taking over the trenches at Richebourg L’Avoue, the first duty was
-to open up communication with the front line, and turn the parapet of
-the recently captured fire trenches round the other way so as to face
-the enemy, also to remodel and establish second and third line trenches
-and construct communication trenches and dugouts, the existing ones
-being simply rivers of mud and quite impassable. When taken over there
-were practically no dugouts and the men not actually on duty had to
-rest lying in the mud in the trench bottom, not even on duck boards,
-these luxuries being few and far between.
-
-The bodies of troops engaged in the last assault lay unburied, and the
-collection of identity discs, the burial of the dead, heavy labour at
-trench construction, and constant readiness to repel a counter-attack,
-heat and overpowering smell in the day, and intense cold at night, and,
-withal, a shortage of water, were the first experiences.
-
-During the time of its occupation of these particular trenches, the
-Battalion produced a marked improvement in their condition. The only
-grievances given vent to by the men were their inability to reply to
-the Huns’ game of long bowls, the noise created by the continuous night
-firing of the Ghurkas’ Maxim Guns on the left, which disturbed their
-rest, and the difficulty of locating snipers.
-
-On the night of May 28th/29th the Battalion was withdrawn from the
-trenches to take up its “rest” quarters at the Redout, near Le Touret.
-However, owing to the too assiduous attentions of the Huns, who
-commenced to shell the place heavily immediately on the Battalion’s
-arrival, inflicting a few casualties, a further withdrawal to the
-village of Le Touret was made the following morning, and on the 1st
-June, still further back to the village of Riez-du-Vinage. Here the
-Battalion remained until the night of the 5th/6th June, when it again
-proceeded to the trenches.
-
-This time the section allotted was a portion of the old German trench
-in the much-fought-over Festubert area, and these, again, were of very
-indifferent construction, both as regards their protective value and
-the facilities afforded for comfort. The Battalion was here subjected
-to several daily bursts of shelling at more or less regular intervals,
-the casualties inflicted being mercifully altogether disproportionate
-to the amount of ammunition expended.
-
-On June 9th the Battalion found itself once more at Le Touret for a
-spell of rest, and on the 10th was moved further back to Cornet Malo,
-just as the Huns were getting the range of Le Touret.
-
-It was with much regret that on the 10th June I was compelled to leave
-the Battalion and proceed home on sick leave, the command thereof
-devolving upon Colonel (then Major) Thompson.
-
-This did not, however, entirely sever my connection with the Battalion
-as, upon recovering my health, I assumed command of the 3rd/4th
-Battalion at Blackpool on 13th December, 1915. This Battalion proceeded
-to Oswestry on 19th April, 1916, and subsequently (having absorbed the
-3rd/5th Battalion) became the 4th Reserve Battalion in which--during
-my period of command--approximately 250 officers and 4,500 other ranks
-were trained and despatched in drafts to units serving overseas; the
-majority joining my old Battalion, the writing of the further history
-of which I am content to leave in the able hands of one who continued
-to serve with it.
-
- WALTER F. A. WADHAM.
-
-_13th November_, 1935.
-
-
-
-
- FOREWORD TO PART II
-
-
-_The task of writing the following pages has fallen to me. Now
-that the duty has come my way, I have done my best, after a lapse of
-more than fifteen years, with the material available, and am aware
-of many omissions and imperfections. These have been kept as few as
-possible._
-
-_The record is written primarily for friends in the Battalion. No
-literary merit is claimed, and should the book fall into the hands
-of the general reader, his indulgence in this respect is solicited.
-It has been pleasant labour (bearing in mind our glorious dead), and
-up to May, 1917, when I left the Battalion, I am not dissatisfied
-with the result. From that time onwards is another matter. I was
-reluctant to attempt a story in which I was a non-participant, and
-used every means to get this part written by someone more qualified
-for the task. I was unsuccessful, and it became a question of the
-record remaining unwritten, or myself making the most of the position
-as it stood. Fortunately, powerful support was at hand in the person
-of Lieut.-Colonel R. Gardner, M.C., who served with the Battalion
-throughout, and, towards the end of the war, attained Command. This
-Officer has edited, and largely re-written, considerable sections
-relating to this later period. More would have been warmly welcomed
-(especially dealing with the remarkable stand of the Battalion at
-Givenchy), but he is a busy man, and scholastic duties intervened. My
-very real thanks are due to Colonel Gardner._
-
-_Major N. E. Barnes, T.D., Major W. G. Pearson and Captain P. W.
-Powell, M.C., have been helpful, and I have drawn gratefully on Captain
-R. B. Ross’ charming book, “The Fifty-First in France.” (Hodder &
-Stoughton). Acknowledgement is due to the courtesy and assistance
-given by the Committee of Imperial Defence, the War Office, and
-Lieut.-Colonel R. J. Brook, C.B.E., D.S.O., the Officer Commanding 4th
-Battalion The King’s Own Royal Regiment._
-
- JAMES CROSSLEY.
-
-_Ulverston_,
- _December_, 1935.
-
-
-
-
- 1/4th BATTALION THE KING’S OWN
- (ROYAL LANCASTER REGIMENT)
- AND THE GREAT WAR
-
-_This narrative commences on the 10th June, 1915, the date on which
-Lieut.-Colonel Wadham’s notes entitled “Early Days” ends._
-
-
-
-
- CHAPTER II.
-
- FESTUBERT.
-
-
-We left England under the impression that our military training was
-complete. There was one item, however, of which we had learnt little,
-and that was bombing. It was now impressed upon us that this weapon
-would play an important part in trench warfare. A Bomb School was
-therefore formed at a farmhouse between Lacouture and Richebourg St.
-Vaast. Qualified instructors were appointed, and a party under Lieut.
-G. F. Taylor was furnished from the Battalion. Material was scarce and
-equipment primitive, consisting at first of the home-made Battye. These
-were roughly made of cast iron. The bombers had to cut their own fuses,
-fix them into the detonators, attach the patent lighter, and wire the
-whole together--a laborious and lengthy task. The bomb when completed
-was unsuitable for transport, but could be easily thrown. There were
-other types being tried, percussion and time fuse. The percussion
-(Hale) soon lost favour, and we went through many varieties of time
-fuse, the light and heavy R.L., the Pitcher and the Hairbrush, until
-finally a selection was made of the Mills bomb, which stood the test
-well, being handy, portable and effective.
-
-We now had the misfortune to lose the services of the Commanding
-Officer, Lieut.-Col. W. F. A. Wadham, who was ordered to the Field
-Ambulance, and eventually to England on medical grounds. He had done
-fine work for the Battalion, and it must have been largely due to his
-efforts that we were enabled to land in France at all. The strain had
-taken its toll. It was bad luck to lose him, but medical opinion admits
-of no argument.
-
-[Sidenote: _June_, 1915]
-
-The Command devolved upon Major R. Thompson (promoted acting
-Lieut.-Colonel) with Major N. E. Barnes as Second-in-Command.
-
-Rumour, always busy, had for some days prevailed that the 154th Brigade
-to which we belonged was to be entrusted with an operation more
-ambitious than usual, and for once rumour was correct. A conference
-was held at Brigade Headquarters at Locon on the 13th June, and at
-7 p.m. the following day the Battalion left billets at Le Cornet
-Malo, and moved by Companies along the familiar Route C, to take over
-trenches at Festubert. The transport also moved nearer to the line at
-Le Touret. By 10 p.m. the Battalion commenced to arrive in the old
-British trench, and were all in by 11.30. Contrary to arrangements this
-trench was already occupied by the 1/6th Scottish Rifles, and room was
-made in the reserve trench. The intended operation was an attack by the
-7th Division, Canadian Division, and our own (the 51st) on the enemy
-position on the line Chapelle St. Roch-Rue d’Ouvert. After a 48 hours’
-continuous bombardment our mine at Duck’s Bill was fired. At 6 p.m.
-on the 15th our attack commenced under heavy artillery fire from the
-enemy. It was led by the 1/4th Loyal North Lancs, on the right, and the
-1/6th Scottish Rifles, with the 1/4th King’s Own and 1/8th Liverpool
-(Irish) in support.
-
-“A” Company (less party selected from two platoons under Command of
-Lieut. R. Gardner for Brigade Relay Posts and less other details) were
-ordered to occupy and hold Sap L. 8.
-
-“B” Company moved to the old fire trench, and “C” Company moved forward
-to take their place in support. “D” Company moved into support trench,
-and it was reported that two lines of German trenches had been occupied
-by 6.20 p.m. “D” Company were in position at 6.50 when a number of
-wounded of the 6th Scottish Rifles passed through. At 7.20 all reports
-from the front were satisfactory. At 8 p.m. “B” and “C” Companies
-were ordered to push on in support of the Loyals and Scottish Rifles,
-who asked for reinforcements. “D” were ordered to the fire trench and
-arrived at 8.25 p.m.
-
-The progress of “A” Company (less detachment) to Sap L. 8 was delayed
-by blocks ahead, and bridges broken by shell fire, but they reached
-their position and performed their allotted duty. “D” Company moved
-forward to support the Loyals, and threw back their right flank whilst
-trying to get into touch with the Grenadier Guards. At 9 p.m. the last
-platoon of “D” Company was sent from the reserve trench to rejoin their
-Company in front. The 8th Liverpools commenced to arrive and moved
-two Companies to the old fire trench, and one to support. Battalion
-Headquarters got into touch with the firing line through Lieut. Taylor,
-the Bombing Officer. Lieut. A. A. Wright, in charge of the Machine Gun
-Section, was ordered to reinforce the firing line. This move commenced,
-but could not be completed and the machine guns were buried as the
-result of enemy shell fire. All the Companies concerned exhibited great
-gallantry and performed their duties with devotion, and showed fine
-discipline and steadiness, and excellent fighting qualities. Between
-10 and 11 p.m. a retirement was ordered. “D” Company still tried to
-establish contact with the Grenadier Guards on our right, but this was
-not effected until some two hours later.
-
-An Officer of the Loyals reported at Battalion Headquarters about
-midnight, but could give no clear information of conditions in front.
-At 12.30 a.m. on the 16th, the German counter-attack was delivered,
-artillery support was impracticable, heavy casualties had occurred
-amongst the Officers of the attacking battalions, no supports came
-up on our right, and our right flank was therefore in peril. Enemy
-pressure increased, and retirement along the line was effected in good
-order.
-
-At 1.45 a.m. an order was received to re-form the Battalion in the
-reserve trench, and a Battalion from the 152nd Brigade moved up in
-support, the 8th Liverpools taking over the old fire trench. On relief
-the Battalion assembled at Le Touret at 10 a.m. on the 16th.
-
-Such is the bare outline of events on this memorable night. Let us
-examine them a little more closely and see what they reveal. It would
-be natural to assume that the result of the encounter was negative,
-seeing that the relative positions of the opposing forces now remained
-as before. It had been rumoured that this Action was to synchronise
-with an attack on a large scale by the French between Arras and La
-Bassée, but this idea was dispelled when it was found that the troops
-on our right did not co-operate.
-
-The educational effect on the Battalion was profound, and the young
-soldier, who less than twelve months before had stepped out along
-Dalton Road, Barrow, or Market Street, Ulverston, etc., with the gay
-irresponsibility of Saturday night, and was now thrown into this
-cauldron of war, recognized its realities in a way he would never
-forget. He had seen death in battle at close quarters, and was to look
-at things in a different light thenceforward.
-
-Of course there were the inevitable casualties, matters that went
-astray, and bad luck. Five minutes after the attack commenced, the
-telephone line to Brigade Headquarters broke down, and messages had
-to be transmitted by the relay posts previously referred to. This
-part of the work was very well carried out under Lieut. R. Gardner of
-“A” Company. Lieut. Hewitt of “A” Company, the Assistant Adjutant, a
-most able Officer, was killed and his loss was severely felt. Lieut.
-Bigland of “B” Company was killed in the fire trench before the advance
-commenced, and it was never clearly known how Lieut. Walker met his
-fate. Captain W. G. Pearson with “B” Company followed up the Loyals in
-attack, and the Company was well inside the German lines when he was
-hit by shrapnel and went down. Unfortunately he could not be found
-when the retirement took place. He was eventually picked up by the
-Germans and made prisoner. Almost as trying, after the retirement was
-ordered, was the finding and evacuation of wounded and stragglers.
-Sergeant Bell did good work, returning again and again to the front
-so long as any could be found. Lance-Corporal “Tommy” Dixon also was
-prominent in this connection. The notorious “L. 8,” a sap following the
-line of a natural ditch twining away from our trenches to the German
-lines, and in “peace time” one of the plague spots from enemy fire, was
-occupied by “A” Company (less detachments) and was most valuable as a
-defence post, and also as a covered way for getting our wounded back
-into our lines.
-
-The element of surprise in this attack was lacking. The enemy seemed
-to be well-informed of our intentions. He held his reply to our
-bombardment until almost the very moment of our attack and then opened
-a heavy artillery fire on our troops in their assembly positions, and
-caused many early casualties. In the fighting in the German trenches
-the enemy had the advantage of an adequate supply of bombs, whereas
-our supply became exhausted and the bombers were handicapped owing
-to forward ammunition dumps having been destroyed by the enemy’s
-artillery. The deciding factor, however, appeared to be the withering
-cross fire which the enemy was able to bring to bear upon our troops
-when crossing no man’s land.
-
-To the onlooker the scene was one of terrible grandeur. The bombardment
-swelled to titanic proportions. Looking towards the line the eye was
-dazzled with the multitude of lights. Now it was the flash of exploding
-shells, now the slow glare of Very lights and rockets arching in the
-sky. Sometimes the thunder of the artillery softened into a muttering,
-when the tattoo of the machine guns became audible. The suspense of
-waiting was almost unbearable.
-
-And so from this action the Battalion emerged, sadly depleted in
-strength by five Officers (three killed, one wounded and prisoner,
-one wounded) 147 other ranks (ten killed, 32 wounded and missing, 58
-wounded, 37 missing and ten sick). Sergeant Bell received the Military
-Cross, which must be almost a unique award to one so junior. It was,
-however, a fitting recognition of one who even at this early period
-of his service, showed a natural flair for soldiering, which his
-subsequent distinguished career has confirmed.
-
-A Special Order by Brigadier-General G. L. Hibbert, D.S.O., Commanding
-the 154th Infantry Brigade was issued as follows:--
-
-“The Brigadier has received personal instructions from Lieut.-General
-Sir H. Rawlinson, Commanding IV Corps to convey to the Brigade his
-appreciation of the gallantry shown by all ranks in the attacks of the
-15th and 16th instant under very trying circumstances.
-
-“The Brigadier wishes to add on his own behalf his appreciation of the
-pluck and spirit evinced by all and while he deplores the heavy losses
-incurred congratulates the Brigade on the fine fighting qualities
-displayed.”
-
-At 6 p.m. on the 16th the Battalion moved from Le Touret to billets
-at Pacaut, where it “rested” until the 22nd. The blessed word “rest”
-developed into one of the standing jokes of this period, and this
-time took the form of General’s inspection, when he complimented the
-Battalion on its recent work. Working parties were provided for the
-trenches, and these found and brought back our buried machine guns.
-All requirements in arms and equipment were replaced and the Battalion
-had a two hours’ route march. On the 22nd we moved back to Le Touret,
-where the same routine of working parties was carried on. On the 25th
-we marched to Estaires.
-
-The folly of hearkening to idle report was never more triumphantly
-proved than now. It had been in the mouth of everybody that another
-week would see us at Armentières, or even further north. The rumour did
-not go bare and ungarnished. The most unlikely things were prophesied.
-Before the week was old the exact date of our leaving the Western
-front and embarking for India had been determined to the complete
-satisfaction of everyone, and no one dared to dispute a rumour which
-had emanated from the padre, and had received his benediction.
-
-The Division did _not_ go to Armentières, nor did it go much
-further north. It took over trenches in the sector of Laventie, and it
-was to the village of Laventie that the Battalion now went to billet.
-Laventie had been entered by the Germans in October, 1914, and vacated
-after the lapse of six days owing to the pressure of stronger forces,
-or in conformity with the general plan. Although separated from the
-front line by a distance of only three miles, it was still inhabited
-by many of the citizens, principally on the outskirts of the town. The
-centre of this place, from which radiated all the chief roads, was
-marked by the ruins of the church, a mere shell, and as sad a spectacle
-as could be witnessed in all this martyred region. True to their faith,
-many of the Catholics still clung to their dearest possessions and one
-cannot fail to remember the brave nuns of the Hospice, who refused to
-abandon their infirm charges to the fury of the oppressor. We found the
-place was still shelled almost daily.
-
-On the 26th the Commanding Officer, Colonel Thompson, and others
-inspected the trenches. The trenches in the sector of Laventie partook
-of the nature of breastworks, and were in a much better state of repair
-than those at Festubert and Richebourg L’Avoué. It would seem that the
-fighting in this quarter had not attained the same infuriate heat as
-elsewhere. The temporary fever during the operations for the seizure
-of Aubers Ridge had subsided, but the enemy still held the commanding
-ground; and our line, forming a wide but not a deep re-entrant, skirted
-the base of the ridge from Fauquissart to Neuve Chapelle. The defensive
-system on the whole, seemed to be too insecure and vulnerable. Its
-liability to rupture, if subjected to the intensity of a bombardment
-and the crushing weight of a massed attack, appeared obvious to
-everybody. There was but one main line of trenches running parallel
-to the Rue Tilleloy, but in rear a succession of isolated forts,
-adequately served, fenced off this fertile country from the onsets
-of the enemy. Four of these fortified redoubts were strung along the
-Tilleloy Road from Chapigny to Fauquissart, and a fifth was isolated
-slightly in rear.
-
-It was a task, therefore, of the first importance to provide an
-adequate defensive trench system, and the Battalion began to prove
-itself active in the necessary labour. The Germans, on the other hand,
-from whom we were separated at an average interval of 150 yards,
-possessed all the natural favours of the ridge. They had at least a
-triple belt of defence, with the additional advantage of numerous
-communication trenches. Behind their front line were farms capable of
-being put into a very solid state of defence, such as Ferme Deleval,
-Trivelet, La Distillerie, Les Mottes Ferme, and the Moulin du Pietre.
-As their line receded, the trees grew more and more abundantly, wherein
-they were able to conceal large numbers of guns. They had also the
-inestimable advantage of full observation from the ridge. Surmounting
-this high ground lay the village of Aubers, fed by a light railway.
-This natural bulwark, in the hands of skilful troops, could resist the
-strongest frontal pressure that could be brought to bear upon it.
-
-At 8.45 p.m. on the 27th, Companies commenced to move off to take over
-trenches from the 8th Liverpools, and by 10.45 the relief was complete.
-This was not bad going considering that no trench maps were available.
-Periscopes also were not on view at this period. It was comparatively
-quiet in the trenches but it was soon found that sniping by the enemy
-was the order of the day. This was a nuisance as considerable work
-remained to be done on parapets, dugouts and communication trenches.
-Good progress was made notwithstanding, and in a few days improvement
-was apparent.
-
-[Sidenote: _June–July, 1915_]
-
-At 10 p.m. on the 30th there was a short bombardment by our artillery,
-and it is to be noted how short and inadequate our bombardments were at
-this time. Even at Festubert when a serious attack was contemplated,
-and after intensive gun fire, it was remarkable how much enemy wire was
-left standing in virgin serenity and uncut. This was not due to any
-lack of skill on the part of the gunners, but to lack of shells, which
-were understood to be limited to three shells per gun per day. Things
-remained quiet but persistent sniping continued. On the 2nd July we
-had a visit by the G.O.C. the 51st Division, also Officers of the 5th
-Gordons, who had received orders to relieve us. Suspicions were being
-formed that the enemy was laying mines to our detriment, and not only
-that, but actually placing field guns in his front line. At 9 p.m. on
-the 3rd the relief commenced, and working smoothly, the Battalion were
-all out of the trenches by 11 p.m. and marched into billets close to
-Laventie Station. Snipers had accounted for Privates Tyson and Dodd,
-killed, and Sergeants Pickin and Clampitt, wounded.
-
-The usual routine of rest billets followed, numerous working parties
-for the trenches being furnished, and much sanitary work had to be
-undertaken to make the billets habitable. On the 5th the Brigade
-paraded for inspection by General Sir James Wilcocks, Commander of the
-Indian Corps, of which we formed part, and the General was good enough
-to express his satisfaction with what he saw. The Battalion sighed
-happily when it was all over. These functions of the highly placed have
-an uncanny knack of raising fears and tremors out of all proportion
-to the occasion, and it is not without humour to reflect that the
-majority would cheerfully prefer a turn in the trenches to one of these
-devastating ordeals.
-
-Up to this time organized bathing facilities were non-existent, and
-it was only in intermittent streams, accidentally met, that we could
-indulge the craving for a thorough soak. This, too, could only be
-gratified at the expense of much diffidence, as it had to be carried
-out in the vicinity of the local population. This deficiency was now
-being overcome, and in certain centres baths were in existence, where
-the troops could revel in real hot water and soap. This was not all.
-They could hand in their soiled and inhabited underwear, and receive
-in exchange another set, sweet and clean, a boon indeed. One of these
-bathing centres was at La Gorgue, of dismal memory, but now changed to
-an enchanting oasis. The brewery had been taken over for the purpose,
-and the vats provided ideal receptacles for soiled soldiers in mass
-formation. Pandemonium, made up of songs, shouts and laughter, during
-these grateful ablutions, conveyed to the authorities approval of the
-wisdom of their kindly ministrations. It was, then, to the baths at La
-Gorgue that the Battalion marched by Companies on the 7th and 8th, and
-returned refreshed and enthusiastic.
-
-[Sidenote: _July, 1915_]
-
-Working parties went out nightly to the trenches, where the task of
-strengthening the defences went on incessantly, one of the parties
-being shelled en route, and two men were wounded. The billets at
-Laventie too, received their customary shelling from the Hun, but the
-tortured church again bore the brunt, and no other damage was done, and
-there were no casualties. At 6 a.m. on the 9th orders were received to
-take over trenches, and in the evening the move commenced, the relief
-being completed by 10 p.m. The Battalion held the four posts and small
-ammunition depot in rear of the line, the trenches being held by the
-4th Loyals and Scottish Rifles. On the 11th the Machine Gun Section
-went into the line in relief of one gun each of the Loyals and Scottish
-Rifles. The 12th was notable for the presentation to Sergeant Owen of
-the Distinguished Conduct Medal for the action at Rue d’Ouvert, and our
-snipers accounting for two of the enemy.
-
-At 9 p.m. on the 15th the Battalion moved into the trenches in relief
-of the 4th Loyals and Scottish Rifles, and at 10.45 the relief was
-complete, but we suffered three casualties from rifle fire. On the 17th
-those insufferable pests, civilian snipers, were seen behind our line.
-A keen hunt for this new quarry was immediately organized, but without
-success for the moment. They are wary birds, and the nest is seldom
-near where they operate.
-
-Evidence that further moves were in contemplation, not only for the
-Battalion but for the Division, was forthcoming when the trenches were
-visited by the Staff of the 8th Division, and the usual curiosity and
-conjecture was indulged as to our destination. It was interesting and
-intriguing, but, after past experience, fantastic forecast was absent,
-opinion more sober, and there was a disposition to “wait and see.” This
-visit was speedily followed by orders for the relief to be carried out,
-and on the 23rd we handed over to the 2nd Royal Welsh Fusiliers. This
-was completed at 11 p.m., and at 11.30 the Battalion marched to billets
-at Estaires, near La Gorgue. Here equipment and clothing were issued,
-and on the 25th Lieut. E. Tillyard and one N.C.O. left by motor car for
-the new area on billeting duty. This area was now definitely understood
-to be the Somme.
-
-
-
-
- CHAPTER III.
-
- PICARDY.
-
-
-Our stay at Estaires was short, and at 9.45 a.m. on the 27th we
-marched via St. Venant to Berguettes (where we had detrained on our
-first arrival three months previously), twelve miles distant, on the
-Nord Railway, and there entrained. The train consisted of the usual
-enormously long string of closed wagons “8 Chevaux 40 Hommes,” with
-here and there a dilapidated passenger coach. We passed westward
-through Hazebrouck and St. Omer, west into the night, and crept slowly
-over the flats, deeper and darker, until the twinkling lights of
-Calais, and the fresh fair faces of women, reminded us of home.
-
-The first greys of morning were just showing through the trees when the
-sleepy-eyed Battalion, once freed from the choking confinement of the
-wagons, stretched its stiffening limbs and breathed a purer air. First
-impressions are as a rule deceptive, but our first impressions of the
-Somme, when we detrained that lovely morning at Mericourt-Ribemont,
-lingered for many a day as a sweet memory. The period that followed was
-one of inestimable preciousness to us. The free wholesomeness of the
-air, the fresh breezes that served but to stir the leaves and ruffle
-the pools, contrasted strangely with the clogging miasmas of Flanders.
-We felt ourselves excited with the discovery of a new world. The whole
-landscape to our appreciative eyes appeared to be lapped with a beauty
-as yet untarnished by the impurities of war. The skies were tricked out
-with a new colouring. In the north the dawn came up with splendours
-that were hidden from us. The mists blinded the sunrise in Flanders.
-
-Lieut. Tillyard, who had motored south to arrange the billets, met us
-at the station with rosy accounts of our new area. His reception had
-been enthusiastic, if somewhat overshadowed by the superior attractions
-of the uniform of our Highland brethren of the Division, especially
-the kilt, which was a source of unending wonder to the local population.
-
-We marched away from the leafy arches of Mericourt, that seemed to
-invite the tired traveller to revel in their coolness. New vistas
-opened out before us. On our right hand a sugar refinery shot its
-well-known ugly chimney into the skies. On our left hand a roadside
-shrine seemed to invite a moment’s meditation. But there, in front, joy
-to our hearts, lay the broad rolling uplands, topped with yellowing
-corn, that went before the breeze in glistening waves. There were a few
-early harvesters at work--old men with sunken cheeks and women with
-toiling hands, who paused for a moment to gaze at the novel sight of
-the British “Tommee” on the march.
-
-A new wonder now brought amazement to our faces--those marvellous
-national highways that take no account of contours, but run, arrow
-straight, for miles. That on which we set foot at this time was known
-as the “Route Nationale No. 29 de Rouen.” From Amiens to Albert it ran
-with scarcely a single deflection. And, as was a feature common to
-all these national roads, magnificent trees bordered it from end to
-end. Even in the case of secondary roads attempts were made to utilise
-the waste lands contiguous. Apple and plum trees were growing by the
-roadside, their boughs bending with fast ripening fruit. These were all
-communally owned. France and Belgium are, verily, the high schools of
-thrift.
-
-The Battalion went into billets at the quaint and attractive little
-village of Bouzincourt. It was not an elegant village. Its houses all
-looked jerry built; it adopted no particular plan. Bouzincourt was
-the communal centre of a large agricultural district. There were no
-outlying isolated farms. All were collected within the boundaries of
-the village, in order to secure mutual protection. Each house in the
-village had its barns and byres attached. One man was no richer than
-his neighbour, and there was no incitement to ambition. The men who
-remained, not subject to the military levies, were all old men. About
-the village the most distinguished person was the curé, whose air of
-aloofness and stern piety was spoiled by the fat and puffy appearance
-of his housekeeper, visibly addicted to snuff, so that all fine
-impressions vanished.
-
-The Battalion was soon distributed round the village, the men in
-comfortable barns and the officers in the farm houses. Dinner had been
-prepared _en route_ in the travelling kitchens, and was served
-immediately on settling down. Interest was languid and appetites
-mechanical, and, due to the incessant movement and cramped travelling
-of the past thirty-six hours, the troops sank into oblivion in this
-restful arcadia.
-
-[Sidenote: _August, 1915_]
-
-It is usually the unexpected that happens. Instead of going into the
-trenches straightaway day succeeded day in peaceful routine work, and
-this period of our history in France approximated more closely to a
-rest than any we had yet experienced. By this very immunity from trench
-cares we missed what must have been a most interesting experience--that
-of taking over trenches from the French army, who were now released for
-service elsewhere. This engaging duty fell to the 8th Liverpools, who
-took over the new sector on August 1st.
-
-On August 3rd the commanding officer and two officers per company
-visited the trenches, which were to the east of Aveluy, a village three
-or four kilometres to the east of Bouzincourt, a direct road over a
-ridge connecting the two. This road, the top and eastern slope of which
-was in view of the enemy, was impracticable in daylight. A wide detour
-had therefore to be made via Engelbelmer and Albert. On approaching the
-latter place a first view was obtained of the damaged campanile of the
-church--the Eglise Notre Dame de Brebières--a pitiful sight and one to
-linger in the memory. The spectacle of the beautiful gilded statue of
-the Mother and Child hanging perilously head downward, through the vile
-attentions of the Hun, was moving in the extreme. There are some phases
-of this war to be dismissed with a smile, but wanton destruction such
-as this, the Cloth Hall at Ypres, Rheims Cathedral, and a hundred other
-tragic horrors of fallen stones, can evoke only tears. Nothing can
-atone for them, least of all German _Kultur_!
-
-And so over the square, pitted with shell holes, out of the town again,
-three kilometres to the north, and under the light railway running to
-Guillemont and Combles, we come to Aveluy, a neat little village just
-behind the line. It has had its share of attention by the enemy, but
-is still inhabited by a section of the villagers. Down a declivity,
-at the bottom of which flow the waters of the Ancre--a considerable
-stream, limpid and pellucid, but suspect and taboo, as its head waters
-are in the German lines. Over the culvert and up the other side,
-past a roadside shrine, close to which are the ration and ammunition
-dumps, and, meeting more rising ground, we come to the entrance of the
-communication trench, which it was well to use.
-
-The first effect of these remarkable trenches was speechless amazement.
-These were trenches such as we had never experienced hitherto. In the
-north we had been accustomed to sand-bagged breastworks; but here the
-trenches were deep and wound serpent-wise, in a fashion that left the
-stranger utterly bewildered. It was a labyrinthine system, constructed
-according to the suggestion of the natural contours, and not following
-any stereotyped plan, as at the Quinque Rue. On first acquaintance
-with these amazing passages it was impossible to move about with any
-assurance whatever. Not until a lengthy residence therein had made us
-familiar with the names could we walk about with a perfect sense of
-direction. The communication trenches crossed each other, doubled back,
-affected the most bizarre forms.
-
-Our new trenches, designated “F.1” sub-sector, spread fanwise over
-a saddle of rising ground, disappearing on the northern extremity
-into Authuille Wood, which was of considerable size. The names of the
-trenches under their former French occupants had followed the system of
-perpetuating the memory of French heroes who had died for their country
-or otherwise rendered signal service. This system, admirable as it
-seems, was now being replaced by our own more practical method, and we
-found ourselves struggling from Post Donnet to Palatine, Fishergate,
-or John o’Gaunt Street. The Battalion frontage was extensive,
-approximating a mile in length. From its highest point, opposite
-Ovillers, a magnificent enfilading view disclosed the wreckage of La
-Boisselle, separated by a wicked little gut of very narrow width, known
-as Sausage Valley, from the divisional trenches further on our right,
-which were entrusted to our Highland comrades.
-
-It was in these trenches that the French army had lived, relieved only
-at irregular intervals. In the parados men had dug holes, where, two by
-two, they slept like dogs in kennels, a curtain of rough sacking fixed
-by a rusty bayonet, serving as a protection from wind and rain and sun.
-Inside one eats, sleeps, sings, and sometimes dies. The shelters of the
-officers are a little larger, and the first-aid posts have the choice
-of security. Each company has its telephone and telegraph instruments.
-A liaison is established between all posts of command. Here men are
-reading, others are writing home those few words which mothers,
-wives and sweethearts alone cherish for their preciousness. There a
-stretcher-bearer is binding up a wound. By raising the head a strip
-of blue sky can be seen. Yes, the sky can be blue at the front, the
-flowers can bloom, and the birds can sing. Here and there was a piece
-of chalk carving in which the French “Tommies” were vastly skilled,
-or a welcoming banneret, such as “Pitou shakes hands with the British
-Tommy.”
-
-By their very scope and efficiency these trenches required constant
-vigilance and attention to keep them in repair, and the Battalion
-now began to furnish the usual nightly working parties for this
-purpose. Otherwise life in Bouzincourt continued its pleasant and
-uneventful routine. The weather was beautiful and the inhabitants
-kind and hospitable to the best of their limited means. One of the
-families stands out as a pleasing memory. M. and Madame ---- were the
-owners of a roomy house standing back from the village street, the
-front laid out as a garden, full of old-fashioned and sweet-smelling
-flowers, geraniums, roses, hollyhocks and pinks. Monsieur was a
-_cultivateur_ and looked after the outlying fields. The son was at
-the front, as was the husband of the eldest of two daughters, Germaine
-and Suzanne. The interior of this delightful household was as homely
-and attractive as the exterior promised, and the family kindness
-itself. The Battalion staff were allotted this peer of billets, and
-afterwards the transport officer and the writer had the felicity to
-succeed and so speak with authority and conviction.
-
-On the 7th August, at 9 p.m., the Battalion marched over the ridge
-by companies to take over trenches from the 8th Liverpools, and so
-remained without a break for three weeks--eloquent testimony to their
-habitableness. From the first things were comparatively quiet, and
-we had to contend with only spasmodic shelling. On the 10th “C” and
-“D” Companies, on the left, were bombarded during the morning. The
-bombardment was intermittent, but “D” Company had an unpleasant time
-from 12 noon to 12.30 and had one casualty. On the 14th some little
-shelling occurred, and Private Burton, of “B” Company, was killed. A
-new duty, and one which caused some swelling of pride, was now imposed
-on us. For some time the new units of “Kitchener’s Army” had been
-pouring into France, and very workmanlike they looked. Each night a
-company from the 6th Royal Berks, and later from the 8th Norfolks,
-arrived in our trenches for instruction and were relieved the following
-night by another company. A diversion of an even more pleasurable kind
-was to take possession of the Battalion from now onwards. We had been
-three months at the front, and thus qualified for the privilege of
-“seven days’ leave.” Parties were organised weekly and despatched on
-their way to England, to the good-natured envy of those left behind,
-who volunteered sound advice, which may, or may not, have been acted
-upon by the fortunate ones.
-
-On the 16th our heavy artillery bombarded La Boisselle on the right,
-and the enemy replied later on our trenches. On the 17th there was
-shelling of our line, and Lance-Corporal Woodward, of “B” Company, was
-killed by a sniper, while on the 19th, after a very quiet morning,
-we exploded a mine at La Boisselle and put in some big shells later.
-The enemy retaliated with trench mortars and shrapnel and later his
-machine guns fired on the communication trench and the road to Aveluy,
-altogether rather a disturbed night. Private Robinson, of “C” Company,
-had his face grazed by a bullet. On the 21st the Battalion was relieved
-by the 8th Liverpool Irish and moved back to the support trench. The
-weather remained perfect, but the nights were cold. The companies
-held inspection of clothing and equipment and work was carried on
-with deepening two new communication trenches. On the 23rd five new
-officers joined the Battalion and were posted, Lieut. B. A. Leslie to
-“B,” Second-Lieut. H. H. Hodkinson to “A,” Second-Lieut. C. G. Chapman
-to “B,” Second-Lieut. G. J. Purnell to “C,” and Second-Lieut. E. D. M.
-Meyler to “D” Company.
-
-On the 28th August the Battalion was relieved by the Loyals and
-5th Lancashire Fusiliers, and at midnight marched into billets at
-Martinsart. The weather had changed, and the move took place in very
-heavy rain, over muddy roads. This would have been bearable if decent
-billets had been available on arrival, but, with the exception of
-La Gorgue, these were the dirtiest and most dilapidated billets we
-had encountered. The surroundings of this depressing village were a
-sea of mud, where the unfortunate transport animals were picketed
-standing fetlock deep. The Battalion was in Divisional Reserve,
-and there were also located here details of the 1st Indian Cavalry
-Division Headquarters. On the 29th the Commanding Officer reported at
-Headquarters, 51st Division, at Senlis (a notable feature of which
-place were the natural underground caverns) and also at Headquarters,
-Indian Cavalry Division. Working parties were furnished on the 30th
-and 31st for work on the roads at Bouzincourt, and in the trenches.
-Bombing instruction was going on apace and three officers and one
-hundred other ranks attended the Bombing School at Aveluy. Officers
-from each Company also reconnoitred routes to Authuille, a small
-village north-east of Martinsart. Time was spent on much-needed repairs
-to billets, the weather continuing bad, more heavy rain falling at
-this time. A few small shells were put into the village but no harm
-was done, but on the 4th September ten more were dropped and Private
-Drinkall, “C” Company, was wounded.
-
-[Sidenote: _September, 1915_]
-
-On this evening billets were handed over to the 5th Lancashire
-Fusiliers, and the Battalion moved off to the trenches in relief of
-three Companies of the 8th Liverpools in the old line, relief being
-completed by 9.15 p.m. The night was very quiet. At 8 p.m. on the 5th
-“B” Company sent out a reconnoitring patrol in front of the barbed
-wire, who returned safely with some useful information. Soon after
-midnight on the 8th an enemy patrol was captured. This patrol of one
-Officer and three men came in at one of the listening posts on the
-left of the sector. They came down the front of our wire and were
-watched by our listening post, consisting of Lance-Corporal H. Martin
-and Private J. Carrick, “D” Company, who waited until they were quite
-close and then challenged. The enemy patrol at once surrendered. This
-capture was excellently managed. The following night about a dozen
-small calibre shells were sent over and the enemy appeared to be trying
-to locate our listening post where the capture had been made. On the
-12th Lance-Corporal Martin proceeded to Army Headquarters, where he was
-presented with the Distinguished Conduct Medal and promoted Corporal
-for his recent fine work. We were now negotiating the maze of trenches
-with more confidence, and even the communication trenches held no
-terrors for us. In traversing this trench at night from the line one
-would encounter a weird apparition approaching from the opposite end,
-and more by way of greeting than challenge, would call out, “Who are
-you?” and the reply, “O’ll tell thi who I am lad, O’m a walking dump!”
-was quickly confirmed when a shadow bearing a corrugated iron sheet, a
-roll of wire and a duck board brushed past to its destination in the
-front line. This gratifying intelligence genially imparted and duly
-assimilated, both went their ways ruminating on the queerness of things.
-
-The trenches had been previously inspected by the 152nd Brigade, and on
-the 21st September we were relieved by the 5th Seaforth Highlanders.
-The Battalion moved into billets at Hénencourt, a rather longer
-march than we had had recently. We found the billets in fair order,
-but experienced some trouble with the Officers of an entrenching
-Battalion, which was eventually amicably settled. After this small
-_contretemps_, and after seeing to the needs of their men, some
-of the younger generation of our Officers started to forage for a
-meal for themselves and finally settled on the estaminet in the main
-street, “Au Petit Caporal,” as promising the best results--a prescient
-choice. Any visitor to this village is strongly advised to call and
-ask for mutton cutlets. They will delight his heart. Let him also ask
-for Epernay, for the _cuvée_ is above reproach. The hospitable
-Picard family of this inn included a grandam, on whom the asperities
-of advancing age had not yet begun to make an impression. She sat in
-her corner chair like a queen, very calm and dignified. Her regal
-manners and pleasing countenance, combined with a natural affability,
-were touching and striking proofs of a well-ordered household.
-Madame prepared our cutlets, while Mademoiselle, whose unaffected
-simplicity and distinguished mien proclaimed her at once a charming
-kitchen-lieutenant, was pleased to serve us.
-
-The time was now spent in the usual “rest” fashion, holding
-inspections, making up deficiencies in kit, parades (not forgetting
-pay parades), and route marching. On the 26th the Battalion quitted
-billets and marched from Hénencourt to Aveluy. This march was not very
-well carried out and caused some concern to the Adjutant. It had been
-evident for some time that the step of the men was losing some of its
-wonted fire, and this could confidently be ascribed to long periods in
-the trenches, where, although there was an abundance of manual labour
-to be done, pedal exercise was out of the question. We took over the
-support trenches from the 6th Seaforths, the weather being wet and much
-colder.
-
-[Sidenote: _October, 1915_]
-
-On October 1st, Brigadier-General Hibbert, commanding the 154th
-Brigade, received a bullet wound in the shoulder when visiting Poste
-Les Dos, and we were sorry to lose his guidance. One man of “B” Company
-was also wounded at this post. An order was received reminiscent of
-earlier days after mobilization, when the Battalion was decimated by
-similar orders, for fourteen N.C.O.’s and men to return to England
-for work in the Hodbarrow mines, but our trench stores were enriched
-by the addition of forty-eight knobkerries--a fearsome weapon. We
-were relieved in the trenches by the 5th Lancashire Fusiliers and
-4th Loyals and went into billets at Aveluy. Second-Lieuts. Ward and
-Keller joined and were posted to “A” and “B” Companies, respectively.
-Working parties for the trenches were provided, as usual, but the men
-preferred being in the trenches to proceeding there daily for work. On
-the 7th, Brigadier-General Edwards took over command of the Brigade,
-an appointment which, to our untutored minds, appeared unusual, he
-being a Cavalry Officer. On the 8th we were inspected by Major-General
-Harper, 51st Divisional Commander, taking over trenches and stores from
-the outgoing Battalion in the evening. On this occasion these were not
-found satisfactory. They strove to impress upon us that these trenches
-were a paragon of comfort to what they themselves had taken over. It
-was always curious to note how invariably sceptical of improvements
-were any new comers. The qualities attributed to the “last lot in” were
-never very flattering, but on this occasion we felt, with reason, that
-we had not received a square deal and rebelled accordingly.
-
-A period of comparative quiet followed our taking over. Patrols under
-Second-Lieut. Hodkinson reconnoitred the ground in front of Ovillers,
-and Private Walker, “C” Company, was slightly wounded. The Battalion
-now encountered a further piece of bad luck on the 13th, when the
-Commanding Officer, Lieut.-Colonel R. Thompson, was sent to the Field
-Ambulance, wounded by shrapnel when in the fire trench, and the command
-devolved on Major N. E. Barnes. Problems for the new C.O. were soon
-forthcoming when Captain Jackson, the Adjutant, was appointed to act
-as Brigade Major. This officer had done well in knitting the Battalion
-together on and after mobilization, and, although we felt his loss
-severely, everyone was pleased that his qualities had been suitably
-recognised. He was a fine athlete, and many times had the Battalion in
-difficulties trying to emulate his tireless pace at exercise. Captain
-Tillyard was appointed to succeed him.
-
-[Sidenote: _Oct.–Nov., 1915_]
-
-The usual spasmodic shelling, rifle and machine gun fire was taking
-place in the trenches. On the 21st we were relieved by the 8th
-Liverpools, “A” and “D” Companies, and Battalion going to Lower Poste
-Donnet and “B” and “C” Headquarters to Poste Lesdos. The weather at
-this time was misty. On the 27th we were relieved by the Loyals and
-Lancashire Fusiliers, and went into billets in Aveluy. On the night
-of the 30th/31st the enemy fired about eighty howitzer and field gun
-shells into the village. The majority, fortunately, did not explode,
-and no billets were hit or damage done. Private J. Vincent, “C”
-Company, was killed, and Sergeant Wells, “D,” and Corporal Holmes,
-“A” Company, wounded on a night working party. On the 2nd November we
-relieved the 8th Liverpools in the trenches. We found these in a very
-bad state. A large part of the fire trench in “C” and “D” Companies
-section had fallen in. Rivington and John o’Gaunt Streets were nearly
-impassable. Immediate work on these was imperative. This was again
-an opportunity for “D” Company to show its mettle. Many times had
-these men from Millom, iron ore miners in peace time, wrought wonders
-with pick and shovel, to the amazement (and admiration) of their less
-skilled comrades. The trenches at Aveluy were but one more achievement
-to their credit.
-
-[Sidenote: _November, 1915_]
-
-The weather was now definitely bad, cold, wet and the wind north-east.
-It will be convenient here to refer to the “comforts” which, since
-mobilization, had been collected and sent out to us by private
-enterprise. These comforts consisted of many things, principally wool
-underwear, socks and mufflers and tobacco and cigarettes. The Battalion
-was extremely fortunate in its friends at home, and the severe weather
-which now overtook us tended to emphasise those feelings of gratitude
-which were present at all times. On the 7th we were relieved by the
-6th Argyle and Sutherland Highlanders, and proceeded by Companies to
-Hénencourt, where new billets were taken over, the next two days being
-devoted to cleaning rifles and the more difficult task of cleaning
-clothing. This was saturated with the thick, glutinous mud of the
-trenches, and it was almost impossible to make any impression on the
-greatcoats.
-
-On the 10th, Lieut.-Colonel F. M. Carleton, D.S.O., assumed command of
-the Battalion. He was an ex-regular Officer of the Regiment, who some
-years previously had served as Adjutant of the Battalion. In addition
-to the D.S.O., he wore the ribbons for the South and West African
-campaigns and the Nile Expedition 1897. Almost at once the Battalion
-began to feel the influence of a new personality. This influence had
-the quality of the east wind, and, with all its tonic properties, the
-Battalion felt impelled to brace itself unwontedly to meet its cutting
-edge. Our education was not yet complete. We continued in rest billets
-at Hénencourt until the 16th, when we marched to Authuille to relieve
-the 7th Gordons in “G.1” sub-sector. The transport moved to Martinsart.
-
-This new area, just north of our previous line at Aveluy, had
-previously been reconnoitred by our Officers and was, therefore, more
-or less familiar. It was roughly the segment of a circle, of which the
-centre was the village of Authuille. The boundary radii were Campbell
-Avenue and Thiepval Avenue. The former followed the course of the road
-that inclined from Authuille to Ovillers. The other avenue led direct
-to Thiepval of evil fame, until the bulwark of our front line rudely
-cut it short at a point where a solitary telegraph pole shot up out of
-an immense wilderness of weeds. Within this circumscribed area were
-many once excellent trenches, but now in bad condition, and a few on
-which a malevolent influence seemed continually to rest. The shelters
-as they existed were designed to withstand only a moderate shelling,
-were in poor condition, but they fulfilled our modest expectations.
-All were accommodated in trenches or shelters, including Headquarters,
-except the latter’s Mess. Some inspired scout had discovered a disused
-and comfortable cellar in the village, and this provided an excellent
-mess room. It was a very quiet period.
-
-On the 22nd we were relieved by the 4th Loyals and went into dugouts
-in Authuille. The chief desideratum was to keep warm, and the demands
-on the Quartermaster for coal, coke and charcoal for the braziers were
-peremptory. In the conveyance of these supplies the writer witnessed a
-small epic in transport. The route led from Martinsart, where Driver
-“Dorcas” Dixon harnessed his pair of mules to a limber and departed,
-loaded above the military Plimsoll line. These mules, the pride of
-their driver, were sleek creatures, slender-limbed and thin-flanked,
-with a gliding motion deceptive to the uninitiated. Skimming along
-with their 2½ ton burden all went well until, half-way through the
-Bois d’Aveluy, the worn track crossed a shallow depression filled
-with 18 inches of mud. The mules’ attempt to negotiate this was all
-but successful, but they came to a compulsory halt just short. No
-persuasion and certainly no violence would have stirred them. They had
-done their best and achieved a splendid failure.
-
-From the 23rd to the 27th was a very quiet period. The usual working
-parties were furnished. A draft of forty-four men arrived, including
-some we had left behind in England. Lieut. Brocklebank rejoined after
-undergoing instruction in Adjutant’s duties with the 1st Cheshire
-Regiment. On the 28th we were relieved by the 5th Seaforths and
-returned to billets in Hénencourt. We had suffered only one casualty,
-but we here lost the further services of Major Rutherford, the Medical
-Officer, who was incapacitated by the recent rigours of trench life and
-was now transferred for duty with the Divisional Field Ambulance. His
-place was taken temporarily by Captain Titmas, R.A.M.C.
-
-[Sidenote: _Nov.–Dec., 1915_]
-
-Until the 5th December we followed the usual “rest” routine in these
-well-tried billets. Much time was spent in removing mud from equipment
-and clothing. This tenacious element, matter in the wrong place, added
-considerably to the difficulties of marching. On this day we marched
-back to trenches and relieved a unit of the 153rd Brigade on the left
-of “F.1” sector at Aveluy. Three Companies were in the firing line
-and one in support. The front line was divided into three groups, the
-spaces in between being impassable owing to mud. The trench in the
-middle of the salient was badly smashed up by a bombardment a few
-days previously. Battalion Headquarters were at Lower Donnet. The
-three Companies in the front line were relieved the following day by
-two Companies (overstrength) of the 17th Highland Light Infantry, the
-relieved Companies going into billets in Aveluy. Captain J. Caddy and
-Lieut. J. A. T. Clarke joined from the third line unit. Captain Caddy
-had served as Staff Captain of our Brigade until invalided some few
-months previously and now rejoined for duty. He was succeeded as Staff
-Captain by Captain J. Fisher. Some shells fell on Aveluy on and around
-the railway bridge, and one man was wounded.
-
-On the 11th we relieved the 17th Highland Light Infantry in the
-trenches, where conditions were now exceedingly bad, especially for
-“A” and “C” Companies. Mud was over the knees in most places. Things
-were very quiet, accounted for by the fact that the enemy’s trenches
-were in a similar predicament to our own, as reported by one of our
-reconnoitring patrols under Lance-Corporal Bates. The time was occupied
-in attempting to clean the trench, and cases of trench feet began to
-occur through constant standing in the wet.
-
-[Sidenote: _December, 1915_]
-
-Captain J. V. Barrow and Lieut. A. Beardsley were here ordered to
-proceed to England to report to the War Office and left the Battalion,
-much to our regret. On the 16th we were relieved and marched back to
-billets in Hénencourt. Here the usual peaceful routine was shattered
-by a tragedy. Second-Lieut. Ward, whilst demonstrating to a class of
-beginners in the use of Hand Grenade No. 1, accidentally exploded
-the bomb, with the result that he was badly wounded and died almost
-immediately afterwards. One man was killed and thirteen others wounded.
-Needless to say this event cast a gloom over the remainder of our stay
-in billets.
-
-[Sidenote: _January, 1916_]
-
-Lieut. J. H. C. Gatchell, R.A.M.C., was appointed Medical Officer of
-the unit in place of Captain Titmas, and forty reinforcements arrived.
-On the 21st we relieved the 6th Black Watch in Authuille village, with
-“C” Company in Mound Keep, the time being devoted to cleaning shelters
-and putting up wire beds. The enemy put over thirty-two shells in the
-vicinity of Mound Keep, which seemed to be intended for MacMahon’s
-Blockhouse. No shell hit the building and no casualties or damage was
-done. We marked Christmas Day by moving into the front line in relief
-of the 4th Loyals, and the Germans shelled Martinsart and killed one
-of our mules. We were thankful to find the trenches comparatively
-dry, and after being worked at, habitable. We here lost Major R. P.
-Little, who was sent to hospital and thence to England, sick. Lieut. E.
-Spearing had the bad luck to get in the way of a rifle grenade, which
-he received in the shoulder, and went to the Field Ambulance, wounded.
-Second-Lieut. Leslie Bowman joined the Battalion from the third line
-unit. The trenches were fairly quiet, trench mortars being the chief
-offenders. Several dud “oil cans” were sent over by “Fritz.” Evidence
-had been accumulating for some time that moves on an unusual scale
-were being contemplated. This evidence was confirmed when the Brigade
-was relieved on the 2nd January by the 96th Infantry Brigade, and we
-marched into billets once more at Hénencourt.
-
-
-
-
- CHAPTER IV.
-
- ARRAS.
-
-
-All this time in France our Brigade had formed part of the 51st
-(Highland) Division. This apparent anomaly--a Lancashire brigade in
-a Highland division--arose through paucity of men and the consequent
-necessity for compression and rearrangement of units in the early
-days. The unusual association worked remarkably well. The subsequent
-careers of the two Divisions--the 51st and 55th--on the Western Front,
-both of which won outstanding reputations, serves but to emphasise the
-sentiments of respect for a fine Division, which were ours throughout
-the time we had the unique honour of serving with them. Times were
-changing, and we were to get back to our own Lancashire formation.
-What was to be our last stay in Hénencourt was very short, and on
-the 3rd the Battalion girded itself together and set off on a series
-of marches, by fairly easy stages, for its new destination. The end
-of the first day found us at Montigny, and on the second at Coisy,
-where Second-Lieut. P. J. Blundell joined us. Here we stayed two days,
-and, continuing our movement further and further west, and further
-and further away from the din and squalor of the trenches, we passed
-through delightful country unspoiled by the ravages of war, through La
-Chaussee, where we stayed one night, until on the 7th we marched into
-Longpré-les-Corps-Saints, footsore and weary, and not ill-disposed to
-the long rest which followed.
-
-Henceforward we belonged to the 164th Brigade, 55th (West Lancs.)
-Division. The process of collection and assimilation of the component
-parts of a Division--Artillery, Royal Engineers, Infantry and the
-Auxiliary Services--went on without a pause, under the supervision of
-the new Divisional Commander, Major-General Sir Hugh Jeudwine, who
-on closer acquaintance and in the fullness of time came to be known
-by the affectionate and not disrespectful appellation “Judy.” The
-Infantry units comprising the 164th Brigade were the 4th King’s Own,
-8th Liverpool (Irish), 4th Loyals and 5th Lancashire Fusiliers. After
-a rest and clean up we began to take stock of our new surroundings.
-A sense of exhilaration and freedom from the clogging discomforts of
-the trenches prevailed, and we were in no mood to be critical. Had we
-been so fault could have been found with the billets, which should
-have been of the best in this rural backwater. Quite clearly they
-had been misused and adverse opinion of the “last lot in” was again
-freely expressed. They were probably new arrivals in France, and only
-experience would disclose the practical value of the adage “Do unto
-others.” In putting this disorder to rights we had to overcome the
-antagonism of the inhabitants to English troops caused thereby, and
-many were the complaints to be heard and assuaged. A more cordial
-atmosphere was eventually established, but the “last lot in” had
-bequeathed a legacy of horse-work.
-
-The surrounding country was well adapted for what followed. Battalion
-training of a simple and not too strenuous nature. The land was
-undulating in a pleasing way and eminently suited to small tactical
-schemes. Here and there were patches of level ground where ceremonial
-drill could be practised. The month being January no crops were
-endangered, and the weather for the time of year was excellent. Time
-was even found to form a class of equitation for Officers. This was
-of the homely variety, and it is not without humour to review this
-imposing parade. All the young gentlemen, not otherwise required for
-duty, were mounted on a mixed lot of hairies, limber and pack animals,
-those with a little previous knowledge adopting an attitude of bored
-toleration to their less gifted colleagues. This pleasant exercise went
-on for some time, but tragedy all but overtook it. Lieut. Hodkinson had
-his long legs astride a yellow pack pony, the pony stumbled, and in
-falling poor Hodkinson’s foot failed to disconnect with the stirrup.
-The pony bolted, dragging its rider along the ground, and it had
-travelled a score or two yards before it was stopped by the horrified
-instructor. Hodkinson was unconscious, rather badly injured, and was
-in hospital for many days before we saw him again. Equitation was
-discontinued.
-
-There arrived at this time a draft of sixty-three men, the largest
-to be received so far, also Second-Lieuts. Corless, Myatt, J. Welch
-and W. B. McCall joined the Battalion from the Third Line Unit, the
-latter being posted to “D” Company. On the 17th a scheme of attack
-was well carried out, the Signallers, under Sergeant T. H. Middleton,
-particularly distinguishing themselves. On the 22nd we were inspected
-and reviewed by the Brigadier, who was good enough to express himself
-satisfied. This was a good result considering the small opportunity
-we had had to practise this exacting ceremony. Captain Tillyard
-relinquished his appointment as Adjutant and left for duty at Salonica.
-He was a gifted linguist and his services were needed further afield.
-He was succeeded by Lieut. H. A. Brocklebank, who now took over the
-duties of Adjutant. Captain W. D. Barratt left the Battalion to be O.C.
-at the new Divisional School at Hallencourt, and Captain J. M. Mawson,
-having been appointed to the Staff at Etaples, was struck off the
-strength of the Battalion. On the 26th, Lance-Corporal D. Winnicott,
-“C” Company, proceeded to England, having been granted a Commission
-in the Sherwood Foresters. On the 29th there was a Divisional
-concentration march. The Battalion left Longpré at 8 a.m. and reached
-Hallencourt at 10.45, where the whole Division was reviewed by the
-Corps Commander, which ordeal having been negotiated successfully, we
-returned to billets at 2.30 p.m.
-
-Our pleasant stay at Longpré was rapidly drawing to a conclusion.
-Having received its hall mark from the Corps Commander our newly-formed
-Division began to bestir itself, and stretch its wings as it were,
-prior to new flights. On the 30th January, 1916, at 12 noon, we left
-Longpré for the last time and marched to Berteaucourt. The Commanding
-Officer having gone on short leave, Major N. E. Barnes was in command
-of the Battalion at this time. From here we marched to Candas, where we
-were to have another lengthy stay under new conditions. Captain Wright
-here rejoined from the Machine Gun Company and took over command of “D”
-Company, Second-Lieut. Chapman replacing him.
-
-Candas was a rather insignificant village in the back area, and its
-importance now lay in its suggestion of a portent. The first stirrings
-were evident of the giant which, in six months’ time, was to transform
-the face of Northern France, and the whole aspect of the war. We were
-now to be initiated into these beginnings and make acquaintance with
-a remarkable organization--the R.O.D., or, to be less mysterious,
-the Railway Operating Division. This marvellous enterprise was
-run under the ægis of the Royal Engineers, but probably even that
-distinguished Corps would disclaim full credit for all its activities
-and achievements. Its personnel must have been largely recruited from
-those to the manner born, and with the making and running of railways
-in the blood, as it were. The rate at which these light railways were
-growing, connecting existing systems, and extending eventually to the
-very front, was a source of wonder and amazement.
-
-The surroundings of Candas, flat and uninteresting, lent themselves
-admirably to the service of yet another phenomenon making itself
-manifest. The Royal Flying Corps, like the Artillery, had been with us
-from the beginning, but in minute doses, and to see a British aeroplane
-was an unusual experience. Powerful forces were at work to remedy this
-deficiency, which before long were to give undisputed supremacy in the
-air to the Allies. We found an Aerodrome established at Candas and
-were prepared to pay homage to its novel personnel. But we reckoned
-without our unwilling hosts; not only the canteens, but the village
-estaminets were locked, bolted and barred against the alien. This was
-a matter which called for instant adjustment. There were infantry
-before Pontius Pilate, and this proud arm will survive when the odour
-of petrol has once more been forgotten! We are not aware whether
-Major Barnes’ representations took this trenchant form, but his views
-eventually prevailed, and a truce was proclaimed.
-
-[Sidenote: _February, 1916_]
-
-On the 1st February the Battalion took over fatigue duties from the
-9th Inniskilling Fusiliers. These duties were carried out under
-the direction of the 112th (Railway) Company, R.E., and consisted
-in constructing a light railway stretching between Candas and
-Puckevillers. It was hard work, but interesting and not unpleasant.
-Each day the working parties went out to railhead, which daily
-extended, taking their mid-day meal with them, and returning to billets
-at the close of the day’s work. The billets were good, the amenities
-fair, and existence supportable during those halcyon days. Further
-serious demands on our already lamentably depleted Roll of Officers
-had now to be met when orders were received for Major Barnes to be
-attached to G.H.Q. for special duty and for Captain Barratt to proceed
-to England for munition work. This continued attrition could not in
-the nature of things conduce to the efficiency and contentment of the
-Battalion, which now bore visible evidence of these changes, and it is
-a tribute to the Battalion’s innate qualities that these involuntary
-departures had no lasting ill effects.
-
-This pleasant interlude lasted for a fortnight, when once again rumours
-of change filled the air. These duly materialised, and on the 15th the
-Battalion left Candas at 9.30 a.m. and marched to Thieures, a distance
-of 11 miles, arriving at 1.30 p.m. after a good march, the weather
-being in our favour. There we went into billets for the night. Leaving
-Thieures at 9 a.m. on the following morning we set out on the most
-villainous march it is possible to imagine. The weather was appalling,
-with continuous storms of rain accompanied by a gale, and it was a
-limp and sorry crowd that hobbled into Sombrin at 2 p.m. and dissolved
-from view into billets already prepared to dry itself to the best
-of the means available. No further moves being contemplated for the
-present we settled down for some days, these being devoted to Battalion
-training. Sergeant Adamson was detached to Brigade Headquarters as
-Instructor at the Brigade Bombing School. Lieut.-Colonel Carleton took
-over temporary command of the 164th Brigade and the command of the
-Battalion consequently devolved on Captain J. Caddy. Training continued
-but was much interfered with by the weather. It was very cold with
-heavy snow and frost, the roads being in very bad condition. At 3 p.m.
-the Battalion left Sombrin and moved to Monchiet, only a matter of six
-miles, but another awful march, due to causes different in character
-to the last march, but even more trying in their effects. It blew a
-blizzard and was very cold. The roads were in bad order, very tiring
-for the men, and nearly impossible for the transport. Lieut. Neill had
-a terrible time, but eventually got his transport through. We passed
-other transport hopelessly ditched and during the night sent parties
-back to help them out of their difficulties. The snow was quite deep.
-At Monchiet there joined us a taciturn youth who on introduction,
-emerged as Lieut. Wilson, R.A.M.C., who remained with us as _locum
-tenens_ for Lieut. Gatchell, our Medical Officer, who was now on
-leave. Lieut. Wilson was to join us permanently at a later date and
-loom large in the life of the Battalion--but that is anticipating. At 5
-p.m. on the 26th February we left Monchiet and marched to the trenches,
-relieving the 10th Liverpool Scottish in the Blamont and Ravine
-trenches in front of Bretencourt.
-
-The area in which we now found ourselves formed a portion of the large
-re-entrant of which the tortured city of Arras was the apex. The lines
-of trenches fell away from Arras, in a north-westerly direction towards
-Aubigny and Loos, and in a south-westerly direction towards Blairville
-and beyond. A great national highway ran arrow-straight from Doullens
-to Arras, and in moving from Sombrin and Monchiet on the north the
-Battalion had to cross this highway on its way to the trenches,
-situated about ten miles to the south-west of Arras. After crossing
-this highway the land dipped sharply to the village below. The upper
-portion, being in view of the enemy and subject to his attentions,
-was traversed by a communication trench which it were well to utilise
-in daylight. The village, lying snugly at the lower end of this
-communication trench, rejoiced in at least two names, if not three.
-Officially it was known as Bretencourt, but was equally well known
-as Rivière. It was only about a mile from the line, but many of its
-inhabitants still clung on to their possessions. Owing to its peculiar
-position it was comparatively safe, but was subject to high angle fire
-at times, especially from machine guns. Leaving the village the route
-rose sharply, past the White Chateau occupied by Brigade Headquarters,
-and so to the last communication trench. This leads to “The Quarry,” a
-ready-made shelter, where Battalion Headquarters and the First Field
-Dressing Station are located, thence to the front line.
-
-The Battalion held the right sub-sector of the 164th Brigade front,
-with the 166th Brigade on the right and 165th Brigade on the left.
-In front was Blairville in German hands. Intervening, and extending
-for some 200 yards was No Man’s Land, in the middle of which was a
-considerable clump of osiers, in which patrols from both sides were
-wont to indulge in grim little games of hide and seek.
-
-The enemy was quiet. It was still snowing hard and the trenches were
-in a very bad state owing to the thaw which had set in. All available
-men were set to work but this seemed to have very little effect.
-Material was scarce, and with more snow falling things were serious.
-Work was incessant and by the 29th there was a little improvement. A
-few whizz-bangs were sent over by the enemy on the 1st March but did no
-damage.
-
-Major-General Jeudwine, Commanding 55th Division visited the trenches
-and was well pleased with the work done by the Battalion. On the 2nd
-we were relieved by the 8th Liverpool (Irish) and marched back to
-Monchiet. It was a poor march, the men being fatigued after incessant
-work and bad weather in the trenches. We rested the following day,
-occupying the time in much-needed cleaning of equipment. Snow commenced
-to fall at 8 p.m. and continued all through the night. This lay to a
-great depth next morning and the Battalion was engaged in clearing the
-roads round Monchiet, working on the Gouy-Beaumetz and Doullens-Arras
-roads. Second-Lieut. Bowman and 7 O.R. proceeded to Wisques for a Lewis
-Gun Course. Next morning broke very fine and many aeroplanes were
-about. The roads were in bad condition and the day was again devoted
-to their improvement. On the 8th we marched back to the trenches and
-relieved the 8th Liverpools. The trenches were again very bad and much
-work had to be done. The evening was quiet but there was some little
-sniping on the 13th and Company Sergeant-Major Gendle was fatally
-wounded. On the 16th we went into Brigade Reserve in Bretencourt
-village. Second-Lieuts. James Fisher, Keller and Hodkinson here
-rejoined us, the latter from the Base Hospital after his rough-riding
-mishap at Longpré. Second-Lieuts. Ferns, Thorpe, Lees and McClinton
-and 43 other ranks also joined. Lieut. H. A. Brocklebank proceeded on
-leave, and Lieut. W. C. Neill acted as Adjutant.
-
-[Sidenote: _Mch.–Apl.–May, 1916_]
-
-For the next three months we remained under these conditions, and in
-the same area. From the Blamont trenches to billets, these alternating
-between Monchiet, Bretencourt and finally Simoncourt, the transport
-having for some time been located at the latter village.
-
-[Sidenote: _June, 1916_]
-
-It would be churlish to leave Bretencourt and not mention its popular
-and prosperous estaminet, the Maison des Glaces, the Glass House,
-admirably managed by three sisters, Marie, Irene and Adele (or was
-it Eugenie?). It is ungallant to be remiss with mademoiselle’s name,
-but more than one could assist as an _aide memoire_. One of our
-young Officers was her _beau cavalier_, and it was a melting
-sight to see the tender passages between the two. “Monsieur le
-Bosche” was the somewhat startling endearment applied to our gallant,
-probably accounted for by the fact that he wore glasses. Alas,
-Mademoiselle would be distrait when she learnt that her impetuous
-admirer, headstrong and bold as ever, was so soon to make the supreme
-sacrifice. The interludes were good, the atmosphere genial, and the
-wines above reproach. The weather had vastly improved and we were now
-free from that portion of our troubles. The enemy, and ourselves, were
-usually quiet, operations being confined to reconnoitring patrols.
-Reconnoitring on our part had indeed become the standard pastime,
-and many were the ghostly forays around the Osier Bed, to the wire
-beyond. These forays were aided and abetted, indeed led by the C.O.
-Whatever the wisdom of his personal indulgence as a _shikari_,
-Col. Carleton’s practice coincided with his precepts. Emulation was
-soon forthcoming and Lieut. Clarke emerged as the principal Battalion
-fire-eater. It became recognised later that no raiding party was
-complete without Capt. “Jat” Clarke and the incomparable Private
-“Jerry” Holmes. This taking of gratuitous risks by Col. Carleton was
-not confined to No Man’s Land. From billets in Bretencourt he was
-wont to canter, attended by Capt. Caddy, out to morning exercise on
-the sloping field already referred to, through which wound the first
-communication trench. This was admirably adapted in normal times for
-putting a blood mare through her beautiful paces, a charming spectacle,
-and one which may have appealed to the Germans in whose view it was,
-for they refrained from using it as a target. One of this remarkable
-man’s recipes for successful campaigning was the importance of small
-things. The Headquarters Mess became transformed under his tutelage
-and received the admiring soubriquet “The Quarry Grill.” For some time
-it had been clear that we were not to have his services for long,
-and on the 12th Col. Carleton left to take over Command of the 98th
-Infantry Brigade, Major G. B. Balfour taking temporary command of the
-Battalion. On this date, too, Major-General Jeudwine, Commanding 55th
-Division, made a most thorough inspection of the Battalion.
-
-[Sidenote: _June–July, 1916._]
-
-Talk of impending big events filled the air. We were intrigued by the
-arrival of new drafts of Officers and men, and we looked amongst these
-for new faces from the Furness District but these were becoming fewer.
-Soon we were up to establishment, an unprecedented achievement for us.
-Stores of all kinds became more plentiful, and were easier to replace
-when lost or damaged, and there was a general air of expectancy. On
-the 19th the Battalion left billets at Simoncourt and marched via
-Berneville, Warlazel and Dainville Achicourt, to the trenches at Agny,
-and relieved the 6th D.C.L.I. These trenches were situated a few miles
-to the north-east of Blamont and about four miles south-west of Arras.
-The prevailing unrest seemed to have permeated the Hun, and there was
-much trench activity and some casualties on our side. Amongst these,
-unfortunately, were Second-Lieut. Johnstone and three other ranks on
-patrol duty wounded by our own outposts. This Officer had previously
-captured two Germans from a German patrol.
-
-On the 25th Major J. L. Swainson, D.S.O., a regular Officer of the
-D.C.L.I. arrived and took over Command of the Battalion. On the 12th
-July we were relieved by the Liverpool Scottish and marched to Barly,
-where for four days the Battalion underwent training with a view to an
-offensive. On the 16th we took over Blamont trenches once more, and
-on the 20th left Bretencourt for the last time, being relieved by a
-Battalion of the Northumberland Fusiliers, and marched to Simoncourt.
-
-
-
-
- CHAPTER V.
-
- THE SOMME.
-
-
-[Sidenote: _July, 1916_]
-
-Kits were now reduced to the required minimum. Surplus kit was stacked
-and laid aside--with confidence this time that they would be available
-on the return of less hectic times. G.S. wagons were laden and limbers
-filled up to their limit, and the Battalion started off on another
-pilgrimage, its ultimate destination as yet unknown, but only one
-conclusion could be drawn from the thorough examination of equipment,
-and the issue of trench maps delineating the battle-front of the Somme.
-We made Sombrin on the first day after a tiring and dusty march. On the
-22nd July the personnel of the Battalion were conveyed by motor bus to
-Berneuil, the transport moving independently by road. Here we practised
-the attack by sectional rushes. Before daylight had set in on the 25th
-the Battalion was on the march, shaping its course through Fienvillers
-to Candas where other troops, battle-stained and cheerful, laughed
-at us through the mud and filth which days of incessant fighting had
-imprinted on their faces. It was the first visible sign of the great
-offensive.
-
-We entrained at Candas and crawled slowly away past Montrelet and
-St. Ouen, following the beautiful valley of the Nievre. Optimistic
-chatterers maintained that we were now pursuing a course directly
-opposite to that which ought to take us to the front. They did not
-know, however, that this branch line united with the main railroad
-from Abbeville to Albért. And the crossing of the viaduct over the
-Somme marshes soon brought us to the trunk line leading to the heart
-of hostilities. To our disappointment the train passed through the
-fine station of Amiens without stopping, the market gardens slipped
-by, the little vignettes of Senegalese troops became a blur, Corbie of
-old acquaintance faded from view, and at 2 o’clock we steamed into
-railhead, Méricourt-Ribemont.
-
-Those of us who had known Méricourt of old were amazed at the change.
-Then it had been a sleepy little station with a few sidings and a tent
-or two for the accommodation of prospective _permissionaires_. Now
-it was the busy centre of all the traffic in men and material feeding
-the firing line in the sector of Albért. Immense stores of provisions
-and endless piles of ammunition lay stacked ready for transport. German
-prisoners, mostly unshaven, were engaged in road mending, or were
-lazily watching the new troops. Under a blazing sun we marched out of
-the station. Buire-sur-Ancre showed unmistakable signs of activity.
-Tired men were dragging themselves along the hot, dusty road, traces
-of recent fighting plain upon their faces. A few attempted to smile.
-Sweat ran down and grooved the dirt upon their foreheads and cheeks.
-Many lacked full equipment. Battalions came out under the command of
-subalterns, careworn and ageing. Limbers and wagons were rushing up
-towards the line with food for the men and ammunition for the guns. In
-happy contrast to the stricken remnants returning from battle were our
-fresh troops pouring in as reinforcements.
-
-From Méricourt we marched to Méaulte, near Albért, where the Town Major
-had a particularly trying experience in accommodating Battalion after
-Battalion in a very restricted area. Confusion at such a time and
-place, however, was unavoidable. We now formed part of the 13th Corps,
-Fourth Army. On the 26th we marched to Happy Valley, a comparatively
-quiet backwater, and took over bivouacs from a Battalion of the 8th
-Brigade, 3rd Division. Here four days were spent in training under
-Company arrangements, including much-needed bathing parades to
-Bray-sur-Somme. There was also an overdue presentation of decorations
-by Brigadier-General Edwards. There had been a good many individual
-exploits, thoroughly meriting recognition, and, indeed, recommended for
-such, which were met with disapproval by the authorities on the ground
-that the time was “inopportune,” and it was not until many more months
-had passed that decorations began to flow with more facility. An enemy
-aeroplane dropped bombs on the valley, but there were no casualties
-amongst our men.
-
-On the night of 30th/31st July the Battalion marched north and took
-over trenches on a line running north and south between Trones Wood
-and Guillemont, relieving remnants of the 30th Division. In taking up
-position we were heavily shelled, losing Second-Lieut. Lincey and three
-other ranks killed and twelve wounded. Our artillery bombarded heavily
-all day, and we spent the day digging in, including a shallow German
-trench in their old line. The immensity of the push was now apparent to
-us, and our eyes opened in astonishment at the awful havoc of the guns.
-We, who had seen over twelve months’ service, astonished! A giant of
-steel seemed to have ridden over the proud German defences. Villages
-were wiped completely out of existence--Fricourt, Mametz, Carnoy,
-Maricourt, Montauban, all a tumbled heap of rubble; woods were laid
-waste. Saddest of all there was not a blade of green grass visible.
-Trenches were everywhere blown out of recognition. In every direction
-disused gun pits with piles of empty shell cases showed how the
-artillery had advanced. Disrupted sandbags littered the broken earth. A
-poignant reminder that victory is not purchased without cost lay in the
-newly-delved earth, where blue flags were fluttering over the dead.
-
-The transport lay in bivouac in what had been German lines between
-Fricourt and Maricourt. From this point of vantage much of the terrible
-drama was visible. Not an inch of ground but was covered by war
-material and troops resting. Mametz Road presented an unparalleled
-scene of activity. Never for an instant was it idle. There were
-up-roads and down-roads everywhere. Ammunition, food, guns went up the
-one in constant streams; wounded and fatigued men, empty ammunition and
-ration limbers, came rolling back on the other. Whenever any portion
-of the road showed signs of wear, either by shell fire or natural
-attrition, gangs of men from labour battalions set to work, metalling
-and restoring. These men were nearly all over age. They had none of the
-hot glory of conflict. To them fell no stirring battle honours. Yet who
-but must admire the spirit that sent these gallant veterans into the
-zone of shell fire.
-
-The view of the fighting from the actual front was, of necessity,
-local. But here a much broader outlook was possible. Looking down
-Mametz valley--“Death Valley” as it was colloquially known--towards
-Montauban on the left and Trones Wood on the right centre, a mile
-away, the immense superiority of our guns in the first place struck
-the observer. The guns were everywhere, “ubique” indeed. They were
-literally wheel to wheel. Recalling those dark days of 1915, when we
-asked for support, and asked in vain, it made one’s heart rejoice, with
-a strange exultation to see those inexhaustible stacks of shells and to
-hear the incessant roaring of the guns.
-
-And then one could not fail to be impressed with our mastery of the
-air. How effectively the enemy had been blinded became daily more
-obvious. The hum of aircraft rung in the ears as the guns slackened.
-All day long the droning battleplane wheeled over the scene of carnage.
-Reconnoitring planes flew backwards and forwards with information
-of enemy masses, train movements and gun positions. The more humble
-contact planes hung a few hundred feet over the advancing troops and
-reported progress to the artillery. They flew unperturbed over the
-avalanche of our own shells. Whenever an objective was attained by our
-infantry coloured flares ascended and the contact aeroplane immediately
-conveyed the intelligence to the gunners, who lengthened their range
-and prepared the ground for further advance.
-
-Not only in aeroplanes were we seemingly supreme. Observational work by
-aircraft was necessarily hasty and brief. It was the captive balloon
-that supplied the more detailed and continuous information. These
-balloons were connected to earth by telephone. As many as twenty-five
-could be counted swinging lazily in the breeze. Indeed, the increasing
-salient of our battle-front, as we bit deeper and deeper into the
-German defences, could be gauged by the wide crescent of these aerial
-outposts.
-
-Not only above, but underneath, had this amazing tornado passed. Our
-human moles had burrowed with an uncanny sense of direction right
-underneath those ingeniously contrived German subterranean passages.
-They had prepared--with an immense amount of patience, self-sacrifice
-and danger, daring not only detection by the enemy, but the far more
-insidious peril of poison gas--mines beside which those at La Boisselle
-shrunk into pettiness. And then, in a moment, by the mere pressure of
-an electric button, in a mighty convulsion they had overwhelmed all
-those galleries and caverns where the enemy was cowering under the
-avalanche of our shells.
-
-“Death Valley” then was now the centre of this hellish activity.
-Blinded as they were the Germans poured a prodigal amount of ammunition
-into it, and they had their own old positions ranged to a nicety.
-And it is easy to understand how effective such a mass of fire could
-be, when this was the only avenue by which rations could be brought
-up to the infantry or ammunition for the guns. One would see a G.S.
-waggon, pair of horses and driver, careering down this Satanic road
-with ammunition, a stray shell, and blankness--nothing to mark the
-event but an additional shell-hole, which the devoted labour corps
-hurried out like solicitous ants to investigate and repair. In spite
-of the frightful punishment the enemy were undergoing at our hands,
-inaction could never be laid to their charge. Each day saw their
-defences, so seriously threatened, grow more formidable. Their pioneers
-were tireless. Their “Betontruppen,” specialists in the erection of
-concrete machine gun emplacements, or “strong points,” and their
-“Hollenbankommandos,” for the construction of dugouts, were organizing
-a newly-formed system of trenches on a scale of great magnitude, and
-with the invaluable accessories of strong points. Trenches, wired and
-traversed, emerged in a single night. The favourable features of the
-ground were everywhere transformed into miniature fortresses of amazing
-strength, from whose loop-holed bastions machine guns in countless
-numbers pushed their deadly muzzles.
-
-[Sidenote: _August, 1916_]
-
-The sector of trenches occupied by us lay on the extreme right of
-the British position, before Guillemont. On our right were the 156th
-Regiment of Infantry, 10th Corps, French Army, and on our left the 8th
-Liverpools. Guillemont was marked for early attack, but the time was
-not yet. Artillery activity on both sides was continuous. The enemy
-appeared to be nervous. At 8.30 p.m. on 1st August “B” Company attacked
-an advanced German strong point with one platoon. This platoon was hung
-up and forced to retire, owing to enemy barrage, which was very severe.
-At 8.45 p.m. another platoon went forward under Second-Lieut. A. J.
-Brockman and was completely successful. We had previously dislodged the
-enemy with Stokes Mortar bombs, and as they were retreating in large
-numbers (apparently the enemy was massing for an attack) our artillery
-barrage caught them and inflicted very severe casualties on them. Our
-casualties were slight, Second-Lieut. Rudduck being wounded. In this
-brisk encounter communication by telephone lasted for exactly an hour
-under a most severe and accurate enemy shelling. In the early morning
-of 3rd August the Battalion was relieved by the 4th Loyals and moved
-into Brigade Reserve, in Dublin and Casement trenches, in front of
-Maricourt, that is, to the rear of the Mametz valley.
-
-[Sidenote: _August, 1916_]
-
-The enemy shelled the left of our trenches but did not cause any
-damage. We found some fatigue parties, including two for the front
-line. On the night of the 4th we were relieved by the 5th Liverpools,
-of the 165th Brigade, and proceeded to bivouacs south of Carnoy and
-west of Bronfay Farm. The weather was very hot and the next three days
-were spent quietly with bayonet fighting, physical drill and bathing
-parades. At 6 p.m. on the 7th sudden orders were received, and at 8.15
-p.m. the Battalion left bivouacs and proceeded to trenches near Arrow
-Head Copse, in sector south of Trones Wood and Guillemont Road. There
-was an awful congestion of troops in the Sunken Road, but, fortunately,
-no shelling, and the Battalion did not have a single casualty during
-the relief, which was completed by 1 a.m., when preparations were made
-for the attack on Guillemont.
-
-The order of battle from right to left was “D,” “A,” “B” and “C”
-Companies. At 3.45 a.m. on 8th August the first line, consisting of two
-platoons of each Company, crept out in front of the advanced trench,
-at the same time the remainder of the Battalion occupied the advanced
-trench. At 4.10 the first line advanced a short way and waited four
-minutes. Second line left the trench and took up a position twenty
-yards in rear of the first line. The second line was closely followed
-by two platoons of the 4th Loyals as carrying party. At 4.15 the enemy
-placed a very violent barrage of artillery fire (shrapnel) on the
-fire trench. The first and second lines crept forward closer to our
-own barrage to escape enemy fire. At 4.20 the Battalion went forward
-again and the first line immediately came under heavy bomb fire. This
-was absolutely unexpected, caused heavy casualties, and the attack was
-arrested. The enemy then opened very heavy machine gun and rifle fire,
-which caught the second line as it came up to reinforce the first line.
-
-Further advance being impossible, owing to uncut wire, the Battalion
-retired out of bombing distance from the German trench and started to
-dig in, fifty yards in front of our original trench. These operations
-occupied twenty minutes. The enemy maintained a very heavy barrage
-of shrapnel on the Sunken Road during the whole of this time. The
-only means of communication during this time, with the exception of
-one Company, to which the telephone wire was intact, was by runner.
-Communication with the Battalion on the left was completely lost. It
-was ascertained that this Battalion was reported to be in the village
-of Guillemont, and it was intended to make an attempt to get into touch
-with their right. Stokes Mortars were brought up and were ordered
-to destroy the barricade on the Sunken Road leading to Guillemont,
-with the idea of attacking and taking this point and which would have
-enabled an advance on the left to be covered. There was a great deal
-of delay in bringing up the Stokes Mortar ammunition, the difficulties
-of communication were great, and it made it extremely hard for orders
-to reach their destination. This delay gave the enemy a long period of
-rest, which was unfavourable to the success of any further enterprise.
-
-The Stokes Mortars bombarded the barricade, but were not successful in
-damaging it. It was intended that a bombing party should assault at 12
-noon, but the situation was seen to be quite hopeless for the success
-of such an enterprise.
-
-Our artillery, in the meantime, kept up an intermittent bombardment for
-a long period. They were firing very short and our front line had to be
-cleared. It was with the greatest difficulty that the artillery were
-informed of this, which caused some casualties to the Battalion. It
-was decided that any further attack was impracticable and efforts were
-concentrated on improving the present position as far as possible and
-to render it easily defensible in the event of any hostile offensive.
-The Battalion was by this time greatly reduced in numbers and was also
-fatigued by the strain of the heavy fighting. There was a shortage of
-Officers. It was not known what had happened to the Battalion on the
-left, and although all effort was made to ascertain their position
-no information was obtainable. It was impossible to obtain accurate
-information, which made the situation worse. The remainder of the night
-was spent in trying to collect wounded, improve our original position,
-and clear the battlefield. At 3.55 a.m. on the 9th we were relieved by
-the 10th Liverpool Scottish and proceeded, sorely stricken and almost
-unmanned by the terrific strain of the recent fighting and the shambles
-around us, to bivouac south-west of Carnoy.
-
-The Battalion arrived in small parties. Stragglers came in during the
-day. Captain Huthwaite, of the charmed life, wandering about like a
-distracted shepherd looking for his flock, collected a number of these
-and brought them in. A roll call was made with lamentable results,
-disclosing eight Officers killed, including the Commanding Officer, and
-nine wounded; 254 other ranks, including 48 killed and 206 wounded and
-missing. The Officers were:--
-
-
- _Killed._
-
- Lieut.-Col. J. L. Swainson, D.S.O.
- Capt. R. D’A. Morrell.
- Capt. A. A. Wright.
- 2nd-Lt. Hodkinson.
- 2nd-Lt. Brockman.
- 2nd-Lt. Lawson.
- 2nd-Lt. L. Metcalf.
- 2nd-Lt. Hilton.
-
-
- _Wounded._
-
- Capt. Neill.
- 2nd-Lt. Welch.
- 2nd-Lt. Ferns.
- 2nd-Lt. Withey.
- 2nd-Lt. Clark.
- 2nd-Lt. S. F. Walker.
- 2nd-Lt. Wilcock.
- 2nd-Lt. Jackson.
- 2nd-Lt. Metcalfe.
-
-The loss of the Commanding Officer was a stunning blow. Although he had
-only been with us six weeks his influence on the Battalion was marked
-and beneficent. We found ourselves guided by a firm hand, directed with
-understanding. It was not given to every regular Officer at that time
-to see eye to eye with the aspirations and latent qualities of the
-Territorial Army. Captain Jackson, our late Adjutant, had possessed
-this rare faculty and was ready to admit and proclaim that in some
-essential military respects, of which trench-digging was only one, the
-Territorial Army could more than hold its own. Colonel Swainson was
-another with this gift of insight, and with his regular experience, his
-knowledge of what to do, and perhaps more important, what not to do,
-the Battalion seemed set for a period of what can best be termed happy
-soldiering, when he met his untimely end. The Command now devolved
-upon Major G. B. Balfour.
-
-For many days no recollection of these horrors was permitted to
-diminish the enthusiasm of the Division. Concerts were held nightly.
-On the bare slopes near Carnoy the infantry, worn out by their recent
-trials, engaged themselves in innocent relaxation.
-
-The theatre party of the Division, under our own Lieut. Leslie,
-addressed themselves to their congenial offices with a diligence no
-less justified of the times than it was deserving of support. Blood
-had freely flowed and would flow again as freely. In the meantime no
-dejection of spirits must be allowed to usurp the place of contentment
-and good cheer. The guns were still ranged solidly against the
-enemy and pulverising his trenches. His own artillery, admittedly
-well-handled, was redoubling its opposition. More and more troops,
-eager to win renown, and excited by the unwonted activity, were pouring
-up towards the line. Defeated and despairing, the Germans, stung to a
-paroxysm of frenzy, were hurling themselves on their lost positions.
-Forfeitures of ground, privations unproclaimed, renunciation of hope,
-submission and subjugation--all these things they had been taught to
-abhor. And now, as we forced them to accept adversity, they resisted
-with fierce courage.
-
-The weather continued very hot. On the following day the remnants of
-the Battalion paraded by companies for inspection, re-organisation and
-checking deficiencies in equipment. Major-General Jeudwine, commanding
-the Division, inspected us and cheered us by his very austerity. A
-working party of one Officer and 70 other ranks went into the front
-line to dig forward communication trenches. They were heavily shelled
-by enemy artillery but only two casualties were caused. We observed one
-of our forward trench balloons break away from its moorings and sail
-away over the enemy lines. The occupant was equal to the occasion and
-got out of his difficulties by the aid of a parachute. On the 14th we
-left bivouacs at Carnoy and marched to Méricourt with the Brigade,
-via Sand Pit, Meaulte, Ville-sur-Ancre Treux, the transport travelling
-under Brigade arrangements via Bray-sur-Somme.
-
-The Battalion rested in billets in Méricourt, the time being spent in
-refitting, re-organisation and steady drill. Bathing, too, received
-attention, the weather being still very hot. A draft of 100 other ranks
-from the 3/10th Manchester Regiment joined us and proved a good lot
-of men. For the present the Division was not to be re-engaged on the
-Somme, and at 4 a.m. on the 19th the Battalion paraded at Méricourt
-Station and entrained for Abbeville, arriving at 11.30 a.m. Time did
-not admit of the hoped-for coffee and omelette at the “Bull’s Head,”
-and at 11.40 we were off again on the march, over the bridge leading to
-the south side of the Somme, through Rouvroy and Cambron, until at 4
-p.m. we arrived in billets at Lambercourt.
-
-We shall never forget that sweet corner of France. The fresh profusion
-of green grass and yellow stubble, the prodigal wealth and variety of
-arboreal treasures with abundant foliage, fruit trees laden with their
-gracious burden. The scattered houses of the village, nestling within
-bowers of roses and other sweet-smelling flowers, a thin blue reek
-ascending from some chimney in a thatched roof. Sharply and suddenly
-contrasted with the din and horror we had left so recently these quiet
-scenes brought tears to the eyes and a sense of realisation that a
-beneficent Power was still in charge of human destiny.
-
-A cavalry regiment had been dislodged in order that the P.B.I. might
-have a fleeting respite in this corner of paradise. Whence they had
-departed was a matter of conjecture, probably to another delectable
-billet, as their turn had not yet come in the maelstrom. For ten days
-the Battalion enjoyed the seclusion of this peaceful retreat. The time
-was given over to platoon training, whilst drafts of reinforcements
-continued to arrive. On the 23rd all Officers and N.C.O.’s attended
-a lecture at Brigade Headquarters, given by General Jeudwine, on the
-recent operations. A pleasing feature at this time was the special
-short leave granted to small parties to St. Valery-sur-Somme and
-Tréport. These were delightful little watering-places on the estuary of
-the Somme, and it was whispered that the delights of a casino awaited
-visitors to either place. Plans were in preparation to extend these
-privileges to Paris, when the bolt fell from the blue and the Battalion
-again turned its face to the east.
-
-[Sidenote: _Aug.–Sept., 1916_]
-
-At 11.15 p.m. on August 29th we left Lambercourt in light marching
-order, the men’s packs having been despatched separately by
-motor lorry, and marched via Cambron, Rouvroy, St. Marguerite, Mareuil,
-Bray-les-Mareuil and Duncq to Pont Remy, where we arrived at 5 a.m. and
-had breakfast. Entraining and leaving Pont Remy at 8 o’clock we passed
-through Amiens and Corbie and arrived at Méricourt-Ribemont at 11.40
-a.m., on the inner edge of hostilities once more. The Battalion moved
-to a point adjoining the main Albert-Corbie road where billets in tents
-and hutments awaited us. The weather was now unfavourable. Ten Officer
-reinforcements joined from the base. Battalion training occupied us
-during our stay in billets, and at midnight on September 7th we moved
-into trenches in Montauban Alley, where we were in Brigade reserve,
-relieving the 1st South Staffords. On the 10th the Battalion moved
-up and helped to man our front line trenches in Delville Wood, after
-the failure of a previous attack. Here the Companies were all split
-up and it was difficult to acquire accurate information. At 6 p.m.
-orders were received from Brigade to carry out an attack by surprise
-at 5.15 a.m. on to Hop Alley and German trenches on the western side
-of Delville Wood. This attack was duly carried out with “D” Company
-on left flank, “A” and “B” Companies in the centre, and “C” Company
-on the right. All ranks were dead tired and there was no dash in the
-attack, which failed directly the Germans opened with machine gun and
-rifle fire. Our casualties in this encounter were not very heavy, but
-Lieut. E. Spearing, commanding “D” Company, and Second-Lieut. G. R.
-Glenie, Lewis Gun Officer, were both missing and were later found to
-have been killed in action. The remainder of the 11th and 12th was
-spent in holding the front line, which was heavily shelled, causing
-heavy casualties. We were relieved by the 8th King’s Royal Rifles and
-returned to bivouac at Becourt.
-
-[Sidenote: _September, 1916_]
-
-On the 13th the Battalion marched to Ribemont and bivouacked in
-canvas shelters. Four officers reported here for duty, including
-Captain R. Gardner, who rejoined the Battalion on recovery from his
-unlucky adventure with a Very light some months previously, and
-Second-Lieut. T. H. Middleton, having been appointed to a commission
-from Sergeant-Signaller. From Ribemont to Buire, where we found
-comfortable billets for both officers and men, and where we saw 850
-German prisoners being marched to the rear. The 17th, being Sunday, we
-attended a Brigade Church Parade, when the Padre’s sermon was based on
-St. Peter “warming himself at the fire,” with personal reminiscences
-of training in England during the early days of the war. From Buire to
-Becordel, where we went into bivouacs in drenching rain near Mametz
-prisoners’ camp.
-
-The new bivouacs were devoid of any comfort whatsoever. A few shelters
-were improvised for the night, but very few enjoyed satisfactory
-shelter. Funkholes were dug at irregular intervals, in case the enemy
-opened artillery fire. In the murky and rainy night, when men arrived
-in driblets from heavy working parties, covered with mud from head to
-foot, limping with fatigue, and hungry as only men are hungry when much
-strenuous labour is required, there were often no means of showing
-these poor wretches the many pitfalls that lay in their path. Stumbling
-over the tangle of brushwood and falling into the soft oozy mud lining
-the bottom of the funkholes, I have heard them groping blindly for
-shelter, swearing roundly at everything. But I have never failed to
-hear them _sing_ when, under equal conditions, they have found a
-few inches of tarpaulin ready to shield them from the bitter cold, or a
-scattering of straw to serve as their pallet. One is apt to grumble at
-home over little things. Let him not grumble till he has passed a night
-under such conditions as these.
-
-Our front line had advanced considerably, and the next area of
-operations was Longueval and Flers, well in front of Delville Wood.
-After Holy Communion on the 24th the Battalion proceeded to occupy
-reserve trenches known as Green Trench and King’s Walk. Officers
-reconnoitred the lines of approach to Flers, and Second-Lieut. Beazley
-was wounded. Our bombardment developed in severity, and on the 26th
-orders were received to move forward, three platoons to strong points
-at the end of Cove Alley and one company and one platoon to Smoke
-Trench, while Battalion Headquarters moved up to east of Flers.
-
-On the 27th the 55th Division resumed active operations. The 8th
-Liverpool Irish were detailed to assault and capture Gird and Gird
-Support trenches, and the 4th King’s Own to furnish the fifth wave
-in attack. Parties carried R.E. material for making strong points
-to Grove Alley and Gird Support trenches. The trench was easily
-captured by the 8th Liverpools, and the carrying parties carried out
-their duties successfully and without casualties. These parties then
-occupied a position on Factory Corner--Gueudecourt Road, keeping in
-touch on the left with the 4th King’s Own. Arrangements were made
-later to relieve the 8th Liverpool Irish in the captured trenches.
-Several casualties were sustained in a bombardment subsequent to the
-attack. At 2 a.m. on the 28th the 4th King’s Own took over Gird and
-Gird Support trenches from the 8th Liverpools. The trenches were
-heavily bombarded during the day by the enemy. Three patrols with
-Lewis guns were sent out to locate the German position and harass a
-working party which had been seen earlier in the morning. At 2 a.m.
-on the 29th the Battalion was relieved in the trenches by the Royal
-West Surreys and re-assembled at Mametz, where a _contretemps_
-all but ended in minor disaster. The Quartermaster had been handed
-over a paragon of bivouacs in the form of tents, one of the best we
-had experienced, and was keeping watch and ward over this treasure,
-when he was horrified to see a battalion of New Zealanders descend
-upon him like the Assyrians of old, or the plague of locusts, and take
-possession. Protests from a mere Quartermaster of Infantry were met
-with airy nonchalance. Other and prompt steps had to be taken. Olivette
-was saddled and made short work of the journey to Brigade Headquarters,
-where a sympathetic Staff Captain got busy, wires were set sizzling,
-and the anxious Quartermaster eventually had the satisfaction of seeing
-these unconventional soldiers march out of one end of the camp as his
-precious Battalion hobbled in at the other, happily unconscious of
-their narrow escape from homelessness. We moved thence to very crowded
-billets in Dernacourt.
-
-This was to be the close of our memorable association with the Somme,
-for the present, at any rate. The approach of winter placed an
-insuperable barrier on hopes of much further advance. Progress had been
-definite, if it had not met the most sanguine expectations, but the
-courageous tenacity and marvellous organization of the enemy revealed
-the magnitude of the task yet to be completed.
-
-
-
-
- CHAPTER VI.
-
- YPRES.
-
-
-[Sidenote: _October, 1916_]
-
-For the present we were not to be re-engaged upon the Somme, but,
-transported to Longpré, were moved into quarters for the night of
-October 1st at Bouchon. The following day we entrained at Longpré and
-moved to the north. In the early afternoon we passed through Abbeville.
-The tented dunes of Etaples swarmed with reinforcements. As darkness
-descended we entered the region of the flats of Flanders. The coast
-line receded. Boulogne and Calais were left far behind. St. Omer and
-Hazebrouck were before us. Soon these, too, were swallowed up in the
-night. At midnight we detrained at Hopoutre and marched away. As dawn
-was breaking officers and men threw themselves down to snatch a little
-sleep in billets already provided at Poperinghe, ten miles west of
-Ypres. From here, after bathing parade, the Battalion marched to “O”
-Camp, a few miles nearer Ypres and just off the main Poperinghe-Ypres
-road. This camp consisted of the usual pattern army huts, nearly new,
-and, being weather proof, provided excellent accommodation, and were
-much appreciated by the men after their rough experiences of the past
-two months.
-
-This, then, was our first introduction to the Ypres salient. Many times
-in the early days we had hovered on its brink, and it seemed strange
-that we should be only now making its close acquaintance, eighteen
-months afterwards. Although we felt ourselves a little disappointed
-with our renewed acquaintance with the Flemish fogs and flats, we
-gradually adapted ourselves to the changed conditions. A year had made
-a vast difference in our powers of appreciation. Casting back to those
-grim days of Festubert there stood out in bold relief pools rotting
-with dead, trenches constructionally weak, and an enemy gunnery the
-mastery of which was denied us for many a long day to come. But the
-passing of twelve months had shown us, week by week, such striking
-improvements that there was now no limit to our confidence. All these
-things reacted favourably on our outlook. Our fickle minds recalled
-only the monotony of the rolling Picard uplands. They were now touched
-by the vision of a new beauty.
-
-For ten days the Battalion enjoyed immunity from the strain of
-exacting work. The usual parades were held to preserve discipline and
-efficiency. After the routine of daily parades and inspections it was
-customary for a few of us to ride or cycle into Poperinghe, about six
-kilometres distant. Poperinghe was the point of convergence for the
-military in the Ypres salient, as Béthune was for the La Bassée sector,
-Doullens for Arras, and Amiens for the Somme.
-
-One of the first things to meet the eye was the prominence given
-to “Gas Alarms.” A large notice was exhibited on a building in the
-main square, where the road to Ypres left the town, which read “Wind
-Dangerous” or “Wind Safe.” Otherwise its amenities bore comparison
-with towns of greater pretensions. There was an attractive Officers’
-Club, established in a spacious building named Talbot House, after its
-founder, Colonel Talbot, of an ancient lineage and a staff officer.
-Here resided the Padre, the Rev. “Tubby” Clayton, who afterwards was
-to render Talbot House famous as the original home of its illustrious
-offspring, “Toc H.” This club had the air of quiet decorum associated
-with its kind, and it was held by the irreverent that any shell--from
-which, alas, Poperinghe was not immune--from the German “Long Tom,”
-more impetuous than its fellows and ill-advised enough to invade those
-awful precincts, would shrivel to impotence in its frigid atmosphere.
-This was, of course, uncharitable, but the painful fact must be
-recorded that the younger element preferred the freer delights of
-Skindle’s and Kiki’s, two restaurants whose air of gay animation made
-an irresistible appeal to war-worn youth. Here the unheard of luxuries
-of fresh fish and even oysters were included in a generous menu. These
-arrived daily, we were informed, by canal from Dunkerque. Here also
-was established the Divisional Concert Party, which had now attained
-a high standard of efficiency in the exacting art of entertainment.
-These played nightly as to the manner born to crowded audiences, whose
-plaudits testified to the quality of the entertainment and their own
-high spirits. One of these artists was a young imp of the 4th Loyals,
-who made up in startling fashion as “Poppy Poperinghe.”
-
-The appointment of Lieut.-Colonel G. B. Balfour to the command of
-the Battalion, which he had held since the death of Lieut.-Colonel
-Swainson, and that of Major H. A. Brocklebank as second-in-command,
-was here confirmed. The appointment of Adjutant was vacant about this
-time and was not filled permanently until Sergeant-Major J. Way was
-commissioned and appointed on December 23rd, 1916. Lieut. Mudie held
-the acting appointment for one period of the interim and probably
-another officer, whose name does not emerge.
-
-On the 13th the Battalion was inspected by Brigadier-General
-Stockwell and was complimented on its turnout. The Brigadier took the
-opportunity of presenting decorations and medals--the Military Cross
-to Company Sergeant-Major R. A. Williams, the Distinguished Conduct
-Medal to Private C. Milton, and Military Medals to Second-Lieut. T.
-H. Middleton, Sergeants H. W. Percival and P. Stalker and Privates
-W. Nicholson and H. Jackson. At 5.15 p.m. on the 14th we marched to
-Brandhoek Station and entrained for Ypres, arriving at 7.30. Here we
-went into quite good billets in the town--or what remained of it--some
-in the ramparts and the remainder in the school.
-
-Of all the ghostly and melancholy ruins along the western front Ypres
-stands out almost unchallenged. Right from the beginning it had borne
-the brunt of the enemy’s insensate fury, and withstood it. It still
-stood four square to the foe and marked the eastern boundary of that
-tiny strip of Belgium, still held by the gallant Belgian army on
-our left and ourselves. The deplorable ruin of its once beautiful
-structure bore evidence of the cost of its retention. The square and
-its surrounding buildings, including the ancient and lovely Cloth Hall,
-were a heap of powdered rubble, with here and there a stark stump of
-wall and an arched window still surviving. These maimed remnants were
-periodically repulverised by senseless bombardment by the enemy even
-as a dog returns to its vomit. I have known no more eerie feeling than
-that experienced when crossing this desolate square on a quiet night.
-Many of the houses in the remoter suburbs were less damaged, and their
-cellars made excellent shelters when the Hun carried out his frequent
-bombardments of this martyred town. The civilian population had long
-been evacuated.
-
-The trench system was divided into two sectors, the left, or Potijze,
-and the right, or Railway Wood. The latter was approached by way of the
-Menin Gate and road, past the notorious Hell Fire Corner, and over the
-railway connecting Ypres and Menin in normal times. The trenches were
-fair and there were some good dugouts.
-
-The communication trenches leading up to the front line, however,
-left something to be desired. These were named West Lane and Mud Lane
-(afterwards re-named Beek Trench, so as not to damage the morale of
-reinforcements!).
-
-On the right of this sub-sector were two or three craters left by
-previous mine operations, and the width of these craters represented
-the distance between the enemy and ourselves, who manned the opposite
-lips. A deathly silence usually reigned at this point, the slightest
-movement or sound being audible on either side.
-
-Still further to the right the line was incomplete. A line of “grouse
-butts” connected it with the Menin Road (the left-hand boundary of the
-Division on our right). These “grouse butts” were not held during the
-day but were occupied at night by Lewis Gun Sections and carefully
-patrolled.
-
-When visiting these posts one night Captain R. Gardner was “captured”
-by the Division on the right and marched down to their Battalion Head
-Quarters so that his identity might be established!
-
-At 6.30 p.m. on the 15th the Battalion moved off by platoons and took
-over trenches in the right sub-sector at Railway Wood. On our left
-were the 8th Liverpool Irish and on our right the New Zealanders. The
-trenches needed repair and there was not much rest for the Companies.
-There was some activity by the enemy, who threw over many trench mortar
-bombs. One of these made a direct hit on one of our cookhouses, killing
-one man and wounding another. On the other hand our snipers reported
-having bagged three Bosche. On the night of the 19th we were relieved
-and marched back to our old billets in Ypres.
-
-Twelve new officers, from the Lancashire Fusiliers, now joined
-us--Captains F. H. Williamson and F. C. Slater and Lieuts. W. R.
-Pattinson, G. Topham, J. H. Simpson, Second-Lieuts. C. W. Ford, J. C.
-Alexander, R. A. Mudie, J. S. Patterson, R. Willett, J. Pearson and A.
-T. Sheahan. Companies were reorganised--Captain Gardner to “A” Company,
-Captain Slater “B,” Captain Huthwaite “C,” and Captain Williamson “D”
-Company. Half the Battalion were moved into the prison along with
-Battalion Headquarters. These billets were not bad, but cold. Working
-parties were provided nightly for duty in the trenches. On the 23rd we
-moved into trenches in the Potijze sector on the left. The weather was
-bad and much labour was expended in pumping water out of the trenches
-and in reveting. Everyone wore gum boots, water being over the duck
-boards. The enemy was fairly quiet, but five of our men were hit by
-shell fire.
-
-The Brigadier was insistent upon repairs to trenches and to wire,
-and upon obtaining command of No Man’s Land by constant patrolling.
-Patrols visited the ruins of Oder House, situated between the lines,
-and examined (from a respectful distance) a salient in the German lines
-known as Kaiser Bill.
-
-[Sidenote: _Nov.–Dec., 1916_]
-
-On the 27th we were relieved and went back to billets in Ypres, moving
-thence on the 30th to Elverdinghe, a little further to the rear,
-where we found good billets for all, Battalion Headquarters being
-accommodated in the chateau. Here a Defence Scheme was in operation,
-and working parties were provided to maintain the trench system and
-strong points, and test-manning of these points was carried out
-periodically. Lieut.-Colonel G. B. Balfour went on leave and Major H.
-A. Brocklebank took over temporary command. Captain H. Y. Huthwaite
-reported sick and was transferred to England and later to the Indian
-Army, greatly to the Battalion’s loss.
-
-The campaign now took the form of monotonous routine, life alternating
-between the many camps round Ypres--“C,” “D,” “O” and “P,” and quite
-good they were.
-
-When out of the line the Battalion found a great many working parties
-for the laying of telephone cables from the Reserve Areas up to Ypres,
-especially round Machine Gun Farm.
-
-Ypres itself, with an occasional turn in the front line trenches at
-Potijze, St. Julien and Railway Wood. The Higher Command were curious
-to learn the composition and quality of the enemy in front, and for
-some time a raiding party of the 4th King’s Own had been organising
-and rehearsing a sudden descent on the enemy. These rehearsals were
-very practical in their value. A replica, as far as possible, of the
-enemy’s position to be raided was marked out by tapes on the practice
-ground and times and distances were carefully noted. On December 21st
-there was a full and final rehearsal at “O” Camp, and the raiding
-party of 200, under Captain J. A. T. Clarke, were inspected by the
-Commander-in-Chief, Sir Douglas Haig. On the evening of the 22nd the
-raiders dined in the large hall of the Prison in Ypres, and at 1.30
-a.m. on the 23rd they were armed and inspected prior to their departure
-for the operation. With their faces and hands blacked to minimise
-refraction of light and to facilitate recognition of their own side
-during the actual raid, they looked a grim lot. The raiders commenced
-to leave the Prison in small groups at 3.15 a.m. and journeyed to the
-“jumping-off place,” a ditch running north and south in the St. Julien
-sub-sector.
-
-[Sidenote: _December, 1916_]
-
-Their objective was to enter the German trenches and penetrate to the
-Cameron support trench, with a view to killing or taking prisoners and
-thus securing identification. At 5.25 a.m., under a very effective
-artillery barrage, our men entered the enemy trenches according to plan
-and penetrated as far as the support line. These trenches were very
-badly knocked about by our barrage and, unfortunately, no prisoners
-were taken and no identifications were obtained, the Bosche evidently
-having abandoned his trenches when the bombardment commenced. Our
-casualties were two officers, Second-Lieuts. Smith and Hart, wounded,
-two other ranks killed, three missing, and thirty wounded. This was a
-brisk and well carried out minor action, and if the main result was
-disappointing, this was due to the discretion of the Hun and perhaps
-defective preliminary action on our part. Registering and preliminary
-bombardment having been carried out by us for a week the fact of the
-raid had been effectively advertised. Surprise methods which were
-adopted later were more successful. Sergeant M. Caddy was killed--a
-good experienced N.C.O. and a loss to the Battalion.
-
-We must not omit to devote a little space to the remarkable
-personality of the Corps Commander. The ubiquity of General Sir Aylmer
-Hunter-Weston was phenomenal. He was fond of touring the front line,
-and on coming to a sentry post, to mark his estimate of the importance
-of that duty, he would stand in front of the bewildered sentry, saying,
-“I, your Corps Commander, salute you,” and, suiting the action to
-the word, did actually give the sentry a most ceremonious salute. He
-was keen on researches on the roofs of and behind cookhouses, while
-at Battalion parade inspection he made men take off their boots, and
-exposed officers’ ignorance of the “innards” of a water-cart. That
-legend should gather round his name is not surprising. He was a fine
-officer whose sterling work in France commenced with a Brigade in the
-original British Expeditionary Force.
-
-[Sidenote: _Jan.–Feb., 1917_]
-
-Wintry weather of the severest description now gripped the land. Snow
-was frequent and frost so intense that anything liquid was quickly
-turned to ice. This condition persisted to the end of March, when there
-was a welcome break.
-
-The Division was relieved early in January, 1917, by the 39th Division.
-The 165th and 166th Brigades went out at once, but the 164th Brigade,
-to which we belonged, was kept back in Reserve in view of a possible
-attack against the junction of the British and Belgian lines north of
-Ypres; the enemy might raid over the frozen canal. It was bitterly cold
-in the camps. There was much reconnoitring of the Elverdinghe defences
-and of the approaches thence to the front line.
-
-On February 3rd the Battalion left “D” Camp and marched by Companies
-to the Cheese Market, Poperinghe, where it entrained at 5.50 for
-Bollezelle, arriving there at 10.15 p.m., and went into billets in the
-village. Here Battalion training was carried out so far as weather
-conditions would permit, but this training was often reduced to snow
-shovelling and even to snow balling! On the 7th we returned to “O”
-Camp, and on the following day the Brigadier presented Military Medals
-to Company-Sergeant-Major Crichton, Sergeant White, and Lance-Corporals
-Pedder and Taylor. We were doing well in the football field hereabouts,
-and defeated the Welsh Regiment, the A.S.C., and the 8th Liverpools in
-succession.
-
-[Sidenote: _Feb.–Mch.–April, 1917_]
-
-On February 27th we moved up to Ypres again, but a thaw having set in
-made road transport and marching extremely difficult. When back in
-the line we moved over to the trenches in the Left Brigade Sector,
-and got to know Saint Jean, Wieltje and the trenches immediately
-north, including a dangerous spot north of Dixmude Gate, known as
-Well X-Roads. Headquarters were established at La Brique Post. On
-March 8th, 1917, Major P. E. Robathan, from a New Army Battalion of
-the Royal Welch Fusiliers, was posted to the Battalion and appointed
-second-in-command. In the trenches a great deal of patrolling and
-investigation of the “Canadian Dugouts”--the old gun pits dating
-back to the First Battle of Ypres--which lay half-way between the
-lines. Lieut. (afterwards Major) J. H. Evans was very active in this
-patrol work. Trench life on the whole was uneventful, although enemy
-trench mortars were occasionally active. After the transition period,
-October to December, 1916, the Battalion had shaken down and the
-new organization was working smoothly--new commanding officer, new
-second-in-command, and new adjutant. Reinforcement officers had settled
-down, and the Battalion was gradually attaining the fine condition it
-enjoyed before the Third Battle of Ypres.
-
-On April 16th we were relieved by the 10th Liverpool Scottish and
-proceeded to “Z” Camp. The following day the Battalion marched to
-Herzeele and went into billets, where a day or two was spent in
-cleaning up, organization, and bathing. On the 22nd we marched to
-Buysscheure and stayed the night in billets. The following day the
-Battalion reached its destination, Moulle, near St. Omer. This pleasant
-region was all that could be desired. The severe winter had given way
-to glorious spring, and feathered songsters, no less than ourselves,
-revelled in its advent. The silence of the clear moonlight nights was
-varied by the song of the nightingale in almost embarrassing volume.
-
-For some time the Quartermaster, Lieut. J. Crossley, had shown signs of
-the strain of the campaign, and on May 7th he returned to England for
-a rest, after two years at the front, and was relieved by Lieut. P. W.
-Powell.
-
-
-
-
- CHAPTER VII.
-
- THIRD BATTLE OF YPRES.
-
- July 31st, 1917.
-
-
-[Sidenote: _May, 1917_]
-
-From April 23rd to May 6th we remained in Moulle under perfect
-conditions. The time was given over principally to practising the
-attack and consolidation of trenches. Training began early in the
-mornings and the afternoons were devoted to relaxation. The downs west
-of St. Omer formed ideal country for the re-conditioning of troops from
-the Salient, while by way of relaxation inter-Company league football
-matches were played. These were keenly contested and aroused close
-interest. St. Omer, too, lay within easy reach and a visit amply repaid
-the tedium of the brief journey. It was a sort of half-way house to
-Calais, and its amenities could not be excelled in another town of
-equal size. Its parks, even in wartime, were beautifully laid out and
-kept in irreproachable condition. The _beau monde_ of St. Omer
-loved to dawdle in the gardens during these fine spring evenings, and
-an attractive wartime gaiety pervaded the whole town. Troops of various
-nationalities strolled about the boulevards or sat sipping coffee in
-the restaurants. Blue and khaki uniforms intermixed in the streets
-everywhere. Cadets wearing green bands were to be encountered at every
-corner. Flying Corps officers seemed to monopolise the club in the
-Grand Place. About the easy manners of the _boulevardier_ there
-was an inexplicable charm, which, try as we might, we could never hope
-to imitate.
-
-These pleasant days came to an end all too quickly, and on May 6th the
-Battalion began its return journey, marching to Buysscheure, where it
-went into billets for the night. The march was resumed the following
-morning to Arneke, where we entrained for Poperinghe and thence by
-march to “A” Camp, near Vlamertinghe, once more. Camp was shelled by
-long-range guns, causing some casualties.
-
-[Sidenote: _May–June, 1917_]
-
-On the evening of the 8th the Battalion relieved the 4th South
-Lancashire Regiment in the right sub-sector of the Potijze Sector,
-and started work immediately on the trenches and patrolling. During
-the night of the 11th the battalions on our left and right made raids
-on the enemy line, and we suffered a few casualties in consequence.
-During the night of the 13th our patrol of two officers and three other
-ranks encountered a strong enemy patrol of fifteen to twenty men and
-dispersed them. Life hereabouts alternated between the trenches in the
-Potijze Sector and billets in Ypres, and was of a more or less routine
-character. The Battalion played no part, save that of spectators, in
-the Second Army’s capture of the Messines Ridge on June 7th. But before
-that operation lavish use of scaling ladders and shrapnel helmets was
-made in our trenches in order to deceive the enemy as to the front from
-which the expected attack would be delivered. At 3.10 a.m. on June 7th
-the Battalion saw to the south-east of Ypres nineteen gigantic poppies
-rise out of the darkness, the firing of the mines upon which the
-tunnelling companies had been occupied for two years; and even to-day
-the sight remains imprinted upon the visual memory.
-
-On the evening of June 9th a smart little raid was carried out to
-ascertain if the Messines operations had resulted in any transfer of
-enemy troops from other areas. A party of thirty other ranks of the
-Battalion, under Second-Lieut. J. C. Alexander, entered the German
-lines at Ibex Trench, capturing six Germans and killing three others,
-with no casualties amongst our men. This was a most successful
-operation. Second-Lieut. J. Alexander was awarded the Military Cross
-for his leadership, while Lance-Corporal C. F. Cooper and Private J.
-McAlarney each received the Military Medal for bravery displayed during
-the raid.
-
-On the morning of the 11th the Battalion marched to Poperinghe,
-entrained for Esquelbecq, and thence by route march to billets
-at Bollezeele for training. On the 13th, after cleaning up and
-bathing parades, Companies were inspected by the Commanding Officer,
-Lieut.-Colonel G. B. Balfour. On the 16th we moved by road to billets
-and bivouacs at Grand Difques (Headquarters and “B” Company) and Petite
-Difques (“A,” “C” and “D” Companies), and Battalion training was resumed
-in the familiar downlands west of St. Omer. The training was of a
-more advanced nature than in April, and included Brigade field-days
-with preparation for offensive warfare on a large scale. Training was
-generally completed by the early afternoon, so that many hours of
-sunshine remained to be enjoyed each day.
-
-[Sidenote: _July, 1917_]
-
-On June 30th Companies were inspected, and the transport moved by road
-to Wallon Cappel _en route_ for the line once more, while on July
-1st the Battalion marched to Lumbres and entrained for Brandhoek,
-relieving the 4th Liverpools at Derby Camp. On our return to the
-forward area we found great activity everywhere: formation of dumps,
-preparation of gun positions, construction of tracks leading towards
-Ypres through the country between Vlamertinghe and Brielen.
-
-On the 2nd we relieved the 6th Liverpools in the Wieltje right
-sub-sector of the line, and commenced work on trenches, sand-bagging
-and repairing wire. The usual patrols were sent out nightly. There was
-increasing activity and unrest on both sides, and we received a heavy
-bombardment on the 3rd when the Brigade on our left carried out a raid.
-On the 7th the Brigade on our right carried out a successful raid on
-the enemy trenches, and he retaliated with a gas-shell bombardment. On
-July 9th we were relieved by the 4th Loyals and proceeded to billets at
-Derby Camp.
-
-Nominally in billets, but truly in name only. July 9th to 19th--a
-period of intense strain. Companies lived in dugouts and strong points
-between Derby Camp and Ypres. About 7 p.m. “A” Company (Captain R.
-Gardner, M.C.), like all the others, used to parade for a night’s work
-in the trench area east of Ypres--mostly carrying up materials and
-munitions from dumps at Potijze and St. Jean to selected positions
-for new dumps in the front line system--very trying, as Ypres and the
-forward area were shelled with gas the whole time and the parties had
-to work for long periods in box respirators. In the end the allotted
-tasks were all carried out, with heavyish casualties from shell fire
-and mustard-gas poisoning; mustard gas began to be very bad from
-that point onwards. On getting through the gas area to the west of
-Ypres again the working parties not infrequently received salvoes
-of machine gun fire from hostile aeroplanes a mile or so from their
-dugouts. Breakfast on return (5 to 6 a.m.): sleep 6 a.m.--dinner (12
-to 1 p.m.): afternoon spent in administration and “paper” warfare
-with higher authority; then back again to Ypres about 7 p.m. Ypres a
-grim sight: a mass of flames from burning dumps. Every evening until
-the 19th the Battalion paraded as strong as possible for work in the
-forward area. Intense activity was apparent everywhere, and there
-were visible signs that operations on a large scale were in early
-contemplation.
-
-The objective of the Flanders offensive was the freeing of the
-north-west of Belgium. The attack was delayed, partly owing to the
-vastness of the preparations to be made on ground largely overlooked by
-the enemy, partly to the policy of associating the hard-hit French with
-the work of freeing part of Belgium. Three armies were to be employed
-in the attack--the Second and Fifth British Armies and the First French
-Army. Refitting and organization proceeded apace, and on the morning of
-the 23rd Brigadier-General Stockwell addressed all Officers and N.C.O’s
-regarding the forthcoming operations. On the 26th Companies were
-inspected and addressed by the Commanding Officer, Lieut.-Colonel G.
-B. Balfour, and on the evening of the 29th the Battalion, in fighting
-order with packs, proceeded to the concentration area.
-
-We concentrated, under cover, in an assembly area just south of
-Vlamertinghe and were ordered to get as much rest as we could during
-the 30th. Some no doubt, slept as ordered, and others, like Julius
-Cæsar’s troops before the battle with Ariovistus and his Germans in 58
-B.C., began to think of making their wills.
-
-In the early evening of the 30th the Battalion moved up by companies
-through the ruins and fires of Ypres towards Potijze and assembled in
-Congreve Walk, between Potijze Road and Lone Street, to wait for zero
-hour on the 31st. Major P. E. Robathan was in command, Colonel Balfour,
-with other Officers, N.C.O.’s and men forming B. Echelon at the
-Transport. We had a long wait through the night while the first stage
-of the attack was carried out by the 165th and 166th Infantry Brigades.
-At 3.30 a.m. on July 31st, under a barrage of more intense power than
-any previously recorded in the war, nine Divisions of the Fifth Army
-“went over the top,” while attacks in co-operation were carried out on
-the right by the Second Army and on the left by the French.
-
-By 9 a.m., after severe fighting, the assaulting battalions of the
-165th and 166th Infantry Brigades had captured their objectives,
-known as the Blue Line and the Black Line, on the north side of the
-Ypres-Roulers railway, penetrating about one to one and a half miles
-from Wieltje into the German system. To the 164th Infantry Brigade fell
-the second stage of the attack, to pass through the 165th and 166th
-Infantry Brigades and capture the enemy’s third line system, the Green
-Line or Gheluvelt-Langemarch Line, about one mile beyond the Black Line.
-
-At 8.20 a.m. the 164th Infantry Brigade began its advance on a
-two-battalion frontage. The right front was formed by the 1/4th North
-Lancashire Regiment with the Battalion in support, and touch was to be
-kept on the right with battalions of the 45th Brigade (15th Division);
-the left front was formed by the 2/5th Lancashire Fusiliers supported
-by the 1/8th Liverpool (Irish). The slow advance from Congreve Walk
-towards the Black Line was carried out in its early stages according
-to schedule, and, in spite of a heavy retaliatory barrage, without
-serious loss. But before the Black Line was reached it was found that
-the enemy still held some of his concrete “pill-boxes” (the term
-“farms” being a courtesy title) and fighting became very severe, the
-support battalions becoming involved.
-
-But the advance from the Black Line to the Green Line was the
-Battalion’s real task. Wonderful as the barrage had been at the outset
-it lost a little in intensity as the ranges lengthened and as time
-progressed. The Green Line was reached by all units of the Brigade and
-was held for about three hours. Among many who fought with gallantry
-and devotion Lance-Sergeant T. F. Mayson behaved with a distinction
-which won him the Victoria Cross. Single-handed he put out of action
-two machine guns and their crews and during the enemy counter-attack
-later in the day held up the advance at an isolated post by Lewis Gun
-fire.
-
-It was not possible to occupy the Green Line permanently (it was many
-weeks before British troops again trod ground east of the Kansas
-Cross roads). Although touch had been established on the Green Line
-with the 15th Division on the right, the 39th Division on the left
-had encountered such serious difficulties that, although their right
-battalion gained touch with the Lancashire Fusiliers on the Green Line,
-a defensive flank had to be formed.
-
-[Sidenote: _August, 1917_]
-
-Moreover, in the early evening the enemy delivered a most determined
-counter-attack against the Green Line, and the Battalion, contesting,
-like the other units, every inch of ground, was compelled to withdraw
-to the Black Line, which it held against counter-attack, and at 1.30
-a.m. on August 1st received orders to withdraw to the old British front
-line. Battalion Headquarters moved from Pommern Redoubt, and about
-5 a.m. reached the mined dugout in Oxford Trench, where they joined
-Lieut.-Colonel Hindle, D.S.O., of the 4th Loyals, and his battalion
-headquarters.
-
-The remnants of the Battalion and those of the 4th Loyals, manned the
-old front line from the top of New John Street to Warwick Farm. It was
-not until mid-day that all the survivors were collected--about 150 in
-all. Lieut. C. E. Withey took command of the front line, having under
-him Second-Lieuts. Lauder, Newbold, Gribble, Latham and Ellwood, and
-Second-Lieut. Lonsdale, of the 4th Loyals. Information was received
-that the enemy had driven back our advanced posts upon the Frezenberg
-Line and was preparing to assault that line. Preparations were
-accordingly made to hold the old front line as strongly as possible and
-a defence was quickly organised.
-
-Heavy rain had rendered the old trench almost untenable, and the task
-of reforming trench duties and taking round the rations was extremely
-difficult. Towards midnight fifty stragglers were brought up from
-Transport lines, under Second-Lieut. Lingford, to reinforce the
-garrison. No casualties were sustained in the fire trench, although
-it was intermittently shelled. On August 2nd information was received
-that the Brigade was to be relieved by the 108th Brigade. The relieving
-troops arrived at 1.30 p.m., and relief was reported complete by 2.30.
-The situation was quiet during the morning, and no further casualties
-were sustained.
-
-Upon relief by the 9th Royal Irish Rifles, Companies moved off
-independently, and by 5 p.m. had all reached the old concentration area
-at Vlamertinghe. Battalion Headquarters boarded a motor lorry outside
-St. Jean and had not proceeded very far when a heavy shell exploded
-just behind. Three were seriously wounded (two of whom afterwards
-died) and two slightly wounded. Colonel Hindle, of the 4th Loyals,
-Major Robathan, and the other occupants of the wagon had very narrow
-escapes. On reaching the concentration area everyone received a welcome
-rum ration--an indulgence which in a few instances produced curious
-effects! Food was ready and also baths and clean clothes. Colonel
-Balfour and the Officers and N.C.O.’s of the “B” List were assiduous
-in their attentions to the survivors. They had had information of
-the progress of the battle from wounded Officers passing through the
-Clearing Station at Vlamertinghe Mill. At 8.45 the Battalion left
-the concentration area and proceeded by buses--in a long convoy with
-the other units of the Brigade--to the Watou No. 3 Area, _via_
-Brandhoek and Poperinghe.
-
-Camp outside Watou was reached about 1 a.m. on the 3rd, rations and
-transport arriving a little later. Heavy rain had fallen and the
-camp was a quagmire, but the exhausted troops threw themselves down
-thankfully and were soon oblivious to their discomforts. Little else,
-except sleep, was done during the day, but stock was taken of the
-situation and casualties were estimated. The Battalion sustained the
-following Officer casualties:--
-
- Capt. W. R. Pattinson Wounded.
- Capt. H. A. Brocklebank Wounded and missing.
- Second-Lieut. G. W. Ford Killed.
- Second-Lieut. J. A. McGill Wounded.
- Second-Lieut. H. J. Warbrick Wounded.
- Second-Lieut. J. C. Alexander, M.C. Wounded.
- Second-Lieut. F. C. Gilling Wounded.
- Lieut. S. F. Walker Wounded.
- Second-Lieut. J. D. Johnstone Killed.
- Second-Lieut. R. Bradley Killed.
- Second-Lieut. J. R. Gaulter Wounded.
- Second-Lieut. T. H. Middleton Wounded.
- Second-Lieut. P. C. Taylor Wounded.
-
-Other ranks: 21 killed, 145 wounded and 46 missing. The Battalion
-captured four machine guns and its fair share of the 500 prisoners
-captured by the Division. The casualties of the Battalion were not so
-serious as those of other units in the Brigade. This grievous toll
-was the price paid for an operation in which the Battalion again
-vindicated its reputation for valour and devotion to duty. That this
-view was shared by the higher authorities is shown by the following
-communications, which it is fitting should be given here in full:--
-
- 55TH (WEST LANCASHIRE) DIVISION.
-
- SPECIAL ORDER OF THE DAY.
-
- _3rd August, 1917._
-
- _To all Ranks of the 55th (West Lancashire) Division._
-
- Before you went into action on the 31st July, I told you how
- confident I was that the Division would do its duty, and
- maintain its reputation, and the reputations of the grand
- Regiments to which you belong.
-
- You have done more than that.
-
- The attack you made on the 31st is worthy to rank with the great
- deeds of the British Army in the past, and has added fresh glory
- to the record of that Army.
-
- The courage, determination, and self-sacrifice shown by
- Officers, Warrant Officers, Non-Commissioned Officers and men is
- beyond praise. It is a fine exhibition of true discipline, which
- comes from the mutual confidence of all ranks in themselves,
- their comrades, their leaders and those under them. This in its
- turn is the product of hard training. Your doings on the 31st
- show how well you have turned this training to account.
-
- You have captured every inch of the objectives allotted to you.
- It was not your fault that you could not hold all you took.
- You have broken and now hold in spite of weather and counter
- attacks, a line that the enemy has strengthened and consolidated
- at his leisure for more than two years.
-
- This will, I believe, be the beginning of the end. When
- your turn comes to go forward again you will know your own
- strength--and the enemy will know it too.
-
- I am proud of what you have done, and am confident that with
- such troops ultimate victory is certain.
-
- (Signed) H. S. JEUDWINE,
- _Major-General_,
- _Commanding 55th (West Lancashire) Division_.
-
-
- FIFTH ARMY,
- G.A. 790/7.
- _3rd August, 1917._
-
- XIX CORPS.
-
- The Army Commander wishes to convey his thanks and
- congratulations to the G.O.C. and all Ranks of the 164th Brigade
- on their fine performance on July 31st. They carried out their
- task in a most gallant manner, and fought splendidly to retain
- their hold on the ground won.
-
- All Officers showed energy, courage and initiative in dealing
- with the situation, and the men under their command, in spite of
- heavy losses, did their utmost by carrying out their orders, to
- ensure our success and the enemy’s defeat.
-
- Great credit and praise is due to the G.O.C., 164th Brigade, for
- the magnificent behaviour of the troops under his command.
-
- (Signed) N. MALCOLM,
- _Major-General, G.S._
-
-
- 2.
-
- 164TH INFANTRY BRIGADE,
- No. G. 280.
-
- 1/4TH ROYAL LANCS. REGT.
-
- The Brigadier-General Commanding has much pleasure in forwarding
- the above remarks of the Army Commander, and directs that these
- be communicated to all ranks.
-
- He considers that all credit and praise is due to the Officers
- and men of the Brigade.
- (Signed) G. SURTEES, _2nd Lieut._,
- _for Captain_,
- _Acting Brigade Major, 164th Infantry Brigade_.
- _6th August, 1917._
-
-
-The process of “cleaning up” and re-equipment was begun. All Companies
-attended baths. Narratives were written by Company Commanders,
-Platoon Commanders and Section Leaders. From these a Battalion Report
-was compiled by Major Robathan and submitted to Brigade. Rain fell
-persistently throughout the day but the evening was fine. At 2.30 a.m.
-on the 5th August orders were received from Brigade for a move to an
-area on the Lines of Communication, and at 7.30 a.m. the Battalion
-left camp and proceeded to Abeele Station, where it halted for an
-hour until the time for entrainment arrived. This was completed
-by 11 a.m., and travelling via the Hazebrouck switch line and St.
-Omer the Battalion detrained at Audruicq, and was conveyed in motor
-lorries down the valley of the Hem, via Nordausques and Tournehem, to
-Bonningues-les-Ardres. Here excellent and commodious billets had been
-arranged for both Officers and men. The village had not been occupied
-by troops for some time, and the inhabitants gave the Battalion a
-splendid welcome. The well-wooded valley and surrounding moors were
-a delightful change from the flats of Flanders. With us in the same
-village were billeted the 8th Liverpools, while Brigade Headquarters
-were at Tournehem.
-
-Reorganization of Companies was commenced. “A” Company under Lieut.
-Withey, “B” Company under 2nd Lieut. Evans, “C” Company under Capt.
-Procter, and “D” Company under 2nd Lieut. R. M. Senton. Reinforcements
-were arriving and were posted to the different Companies. On parade
-the Commanding Officer addressed the Battalion, expressing his pride
-in what they had done. A long and pleasant period ensued in these
-delighful surroundings, the time being devoted to training in the
-morning and to recreation in the afternoon and evening. A Sports’
-Committee was formed and the utmost keenness was displayed in the
-various competitions. A Battalion Sports and Gymkhana was held on
-the afternoon of the 16th August, from 2 to 9 p.m. This was favoured
-by splendid weather, and there was a large gathering of interested
-spectators. There was a keen struggle for the Inter-Company Cup offered
-for competition by the Commanding Officer, this being eventually won on
-the following day, when the sports were continued, by the Transport.
-These wound up in the evening with a Battalion Concert, organized by
-2nd Lieut. Mudie, a gifted entertainer, who himself contributed his
-little masterpiece “Three Hundred and Sixty-five Days.” A delightful
-addition to these light-hearted proceedings took place when orders
-were received from Brigade for forty-eight hours’ leave to be granted
-to Officers to visit the coast of France, and twenty-four hours’ leave
-to other Ranks to visit Calais. In the Brigade Sports, Battalion
-representatives were uniformly successful, the Tug-of-War, 2 Miles, 1
-Mile, and Association Football falling to us.
-
-Reinforcements continued to arrive, amongst them being Second-Lieuts.
-E. D. Howard, Veevers, White, E. Haslam, N. Whittaker, T. H. Pritchard,
-and R. G. Hatcher.
-
-Training went on apace, and distinction was conferred on the Battalion
-when a Platoon, under 2nd Lieut. Ellwood, was selected to give a
-demonstration attack upon a strong point. Officers and N.C.O.’s from
-Divisions in the Fifth Army attended this demonstration, which went
-on for some days, and on 19th August, Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig
-visited the Division and saw the Battalion at work in field operations.
-
-[Sidenote: _September, 1917_]
-
-During our stay at Bonningues-les-Ardres, Lieut.-Col. G. B. Balfour
-was invalided from the Battalion with scarlet fever, and command was
-taken by Major P. E. Robathan. Captain and Adjutant J. Way returned to
-England for a period of home service, and was succeeded as Adjutant by
-Capt. R. Gardner. On the 6th September we marched to Moulle, of old
-acquaintance, and fired field practices by Companies, but preparation
-soon began for a return to the Ypres Salient. During the Division’s
-period of absence from the line, several attempts by other Divisions
-had been made to advance from the Black Line, but without marked
-success. On the 10th the Battalion, together with the remainder of the
-Brigade, took part in Divisional operations on ground representing the
-area the Division will operate on in the forthcoming attack.
-
-On the 14th the Battalion moved by road to Audruicq, and there
-entrained for Ypres, where we were billeted in tent and bivouacs
-near Goldfish Chateau. On the following day a hostile squadron of
-aeroplanes dropped three bombs on the camp, killing one and wounding
-three others of other regiments. Capt. Wilson, our Medical Officer, was
-also slightly wounded, but remained on duty. Next morning the camp was
-again bombed by enemy aircraft, this time killing three and wounding
-five other ranks of the Battalion. Bombs dropped a few yards from the
-tent used as the Battalion Orderly Room, the Battalion Runners and
-Headquarters details were the sufferers. Later in the day Second-Lieut.
-Whittaker was wounded in the arm by an anti-aircraft machine gun bullet.
-
-On the 17th the Battalion was finally organized and, after the news of
-Sergt. Mayson’s V.C. had come through, in the evening marched through
-St. Jean and Wieltje to the Concentration Area, “B” and “D” Companies
-Headquarters in Call Reserve (old German Reserve trench), and “C” and
-“A” in the old British front line. We incurred casualties in 3 killed
-and 4 wounded. The following day Officers and N.C.O.’s reconnoitred
-the front line and position of attack, and “D” Company relieved the
-10th Liverpool Scottish in the front shell-hole system, the Battalion
-suffering 3 killed and 7 wounded in these operations. On the 19th
-September we were fitted out with stores and extra rations, and moved
-to positions of attack in shell holes between Somme and Hinducott, with
-Headquarters at Capricorn Keep.
-
-Major P. E. Robathan commanded the Battalion, with Captain J. H.
-Evans as Second-in-command. The 164th Infantry Brigade attacked on
-a two-battalion frontage, 1/4th Royal Lancashire Regiment on the
-right, 2/5th Lancashire Fusiliers on the left. 1/4th North Lancashire
-Regiment acted as support to the Battalion, and 1/5th Royal Lancashire
-Regiment, from 166th Infantry Brigade, was a reserve Battalion placed
-under the command of the Brigadier-General Commanding, 164th Infantry
-Brigade. The Battalion had orders to reach an intermediate objective,
-the dotted Red Line; 1/4th North Lancashire Regiment, after supporting
-the Battalion at the outset, was to pass through it and advance to the
-Green Line. The attack was on a vast scale, eleven Divisions being
-employed.
-
-During the night of the 19th–20th September platoons took up their
-positions in shell holes west of the line Somme--Hinducott amidst a
-severe bombardment, which had been going on for some days. At zero
-hour (5.40 a.m. on the 20th September) the first wave advanced on the
-enemy positions between Hinducott and Somme, and reached its first
-objective in spite of stubborn opposition, especially from Aisne Farm
-and Loos. Here, after a slight pause in the barrage, “A” and “C”
-Companies continued to advance, but sustained heavy casualties from
-enfilade fire. Owing to appalling mud, and determined opposition from
-the garrisons of “pill-boxes,” the advance was slow, and the support
-Battalion, 1/4th North Lancashire Regiment, soon became involved in the
-fighting. The Battalion reached the dotted Red Line, but the support
-Battalion was not sufficiently strong to continue the advance, and
-eventually both Battalions held a line from Schuler Galleries to Loos,
-under heavy bombardment and enfilade fire from both flanks. Capt. A.
-P. Procter, commanding “C” Company, was placed in command of the front
-line, which was manned by both Battalions and reinforcements from the
-reserve Battalion, 1/5th Royal Lancashire Regiment.
-
-Patrols were sent out during the night to ascertain the enemy’s
-positions, and forward posts pushed ahead. During the morning of the
-21st, small parties of the enemy were observed coming down the forward
-slopes in front of Gravenstafel carrying Red Cross flags. At 4.50 p.m.
-the 8th Liverpool (Irish) occupied Schuler Farm and pushed forward to
-the Green Line, at the same time the 5th Lancashire Fusiliers moved
-forward from Schuler Galleries towards Cross Cotts. In the evening
-the enemy intensely bombarded our front line, but no counter-attack
-was made. During the night posts were pushed forward to prepare for
-a further advance next night. At dawn on the 22nd, the enemy heavily
-shelled our front line, and a small party was seen advancing towards
-us. Our artillery and machine guns replied, and the hostile bombardment
-ceased. During the morning our front line was again heavily shelled
-by the enemy, and also again in the evening, but no attack was made
-against us. Just before dawn on the 23rd, our front line was intensely
-bombarded, our machine guns replying, and the bombardment died down.
-On the afternoon of the 23rd, preparations were made for the relief
-of the 39th Division. Guides had assembled at Battalion Headquarters,
-Capricorn Keep, and were about to lead to their positions the guides
-of the incoming unit, when, at 5.15 p.m., the whole of the Battalion
-area was subjected to a violent bombardment, which lasted till 8 p.m.
-Practically no casualties were sustained. What it must have been like
-for the Companies out in the open can only be imagined, but in the
-Battalion Headquarters’ dugout, with entrance conveniently facing the
-enemy, the occupants waited, with what philosophy they could, for a
-shell to intrude and sever their connection with the Third Battle of
-Ypres. But none came. After some excitement concerning the whereabouts
-of a platoon, the Battalion was relieved at 1.45 a.m. on September
-24th by two platoons of the 2/6th North Staffordshire Regiment. The
-survivors tramped through Wieltje to St. Jean for the last time, and
-said farewell to Ypres. From Vlamertinghe we went by train and bus to
-Watou.
-
-During these operations the Battalion sustained the following
-casualties:--
-
-Captain C. E. Withey and Second-Lieut. E. T. White killed.
-Second-Lieuts. G. C. Lingford (died of wounds), G. A. Taylor, T. H.
-Pritchard, C. H. Newbold, R. M. Senton, and J. Thompson, wounded, and
-R. G. Hatcher, died of wounds. Second-Lieut. C. G. Howard missing.
-
-Other Ranks: Killed, 37; Wounded, 155; Wounded and Missing, 1; Shell
-Shock, 6; Missing, 24. Total, all ranks, 233. At a later date the
-Officer temporarily in Command, Major P. E. Robathan, also went to
-hospital suffering from the effects of gas.
-
-The conspicuous value and success of these strenuous operations is
-amply testified by the following communications received from the
-higher authorities:--
-
-
- 55TH (WEST LANCASHIRE) DIVISION.
-
- ORDER OF THE DAY.
-
- 1. The following telegrams have been received:--
-
- “Fifth Army wire begins. The Army Commander wishes to thank
- all arms and all ranks for their splendid efforts in to-day’s
- battle. Co-operation between Infantry, Artillery and Flying
- Corps has been excellent, and very important successes have been
- gained all along the front. Ends.”
-
- “Corps Commander thanks Field and Heavy Artillery for their good
- work, and the Forward Observation Officers for the very useful
- and timely information sent in. Ends.”
-
- “Corps Commander congratulates 9th and 55th Divisions and thanks
- them for their success to-day. Ends.”
-
-
- 2. The Major-General Commanding wishes to add his thanks and
- congratulations to all arms and ranks of the Division.
-
- There is no doubt whatever that in addition to making a very
- substantial advance over difficult ground, stubbornly defended,
- well organized, and liberally provided with strong cover,
- artillery and machine guns, the Division, aided most ably by the
- Corps Heavy Artillery, succeeded in dealing the enemy a very
- heavy blow, and causing him severe losses.
-
- Success was due to the fine determination shown by all ranks
- and the hearty co-operation of Artillery, Engineers, Infantry,
- Machine Gun Companies, Trench Mortars and the R.A.M.C. with each
- other, which is the sign of a united and disciplined Division.
-
- (Signed) T. ROSE PRICE,
- _Lieut.-Colonel_,
- _General Staff, 55th Division_.
- _21st September,_ 1917.
-
-
- 55TH (WEST LANCASHIRE) DIVISION.
-
- ORDER OF THE DAY.
-
-The following telegrams from the V Corps have been received:--
-
- “The Commander-in-Chief visited Corps Headquarters this evening
- and expressed himself very pleased in the work of both Divisions
- and sends them his congratulations and thanks.”
-
- “Fifth Army wire begins. Please congratulate 55th Division on
- the gallant defence of Hill 37 yesterday, and upon the energy
- and resource displayed by Commanders on the spot in organizing
- counter-attacks. Ends.”
-
- (Signed) T. ROSE PRICE,
- _Lieut.-Colonel_,
- _General Staff, 55th Division._
- _23rd September, 1917._
-
-
- 55TH (WEST LANCASHIRE) DIVISION.
-
- ORDER OF THE DAY.
-
-The following telegram has been received from the Right Honourable E.
-G. V. Earl of Derby, K.G., G.C.V.O., C.B., Secretary of State for War:--
-
- “General Jeudwine, 55th Division Headquarters, B.E.F.
-
- “Well done 55th West Lancashire Division. Accept my most hearty
- congratulations. I sincerely trust your losses are not heavy.
-
- Derby.”
- (Signed) T. ROSE PRICE,
- _Lieut.-Colonel_,
- _General Staff, 55th Division._
- _24th September, 1917._
-
-
- 55TH (WEST LANCASHIRE) DIVISION.
-
- ORDER OF THE DAY.
-
-The following telegram has been received from Fifth Army:--
-
- “55TH DIVISION.
-
- “Please convey to all ranks 55th Division the Army Commander’s
- congratulations on the fine record of the Division during the
- hard fighting of the past two months. The Army Commander wishes
- specially to thank all ranks for their splendid efforts, which
- have contributed greatly to the success of the last attack,
- and to wish them all good luck and success in the future.
- Despite their long period in the line prior to commencement of
- operations they have well maintained and increased their high
- reputation.
- “FIFTH ARMY.”
-
-
-The following telegram has been received from the West Lancashire
-Reserve Brigade:--
-
- “G.O.C. 55TH DIVISION, FRANCE.
-
- “Brigadier-General Stuart and all ranks West Lancashire Reserve
- Brigade send heartiest congratulations to West Lancashire
- Division on their splendid success.”
-
- (Signed) T. ROSE PRICE,
- _Lieut.-Colonel_,
- _General Staff, 55th Division._
- _27th September, 1917._
-
-While it is true that virtue is its own reward, and kindles a pure
-unquenchable flame in men’s hearts, it would be idle to deny that
-these cordial messages of appreciation of their sacrifices cheered
-the Battalion profoundly and steeled their determination for further
-efforts in the stern task yet to be accomplished.
-
-On the 25th we spent a day cleaning up and resting. At 1 p.m. Major
-Robathan addressed all Officers and other ranks who had been in battle.
-Reinforcements as follows were received during the day: Second-Lieuts.
-L. R. Keighley, J. R. Rundle, H. Walkden, A. J. Thorpe, F. J. Shuker,
-R. L. Purnell, B. H. Gough, and 18 other Ranks. At 9.30 p.m. we moved
-by march route to Hopoutre Station and entrained for Bapaume West, in
-the Lens area. We arrived here at 12.30 p.m. on the 26th, and then
-marched via Bapaume--Le Transloy--Rocquigny and Bus, to Ytres (not to
-be confused with Ypres) to a camp at Vallulart Wood. This was a long
-and tiring march; 15 men dropped out, but every one of these rejoined.
-Here Platoon and Company training of an easy nature was carried out
-until the 2nd October, when the Battalion was again on the move. At
-9.15 a.m., accompanied by the Band and Transport, we marched out of
-camp and proceeding via Etricourt--where we marched past the G.O.C.
-55th Division--Manancourt--where the Brigadier-General Commanding
-164th Brigade watched the Battalion marching--Nurlu--Aizecourt-le-Bas
-to Longavesnes where we arrived in billets at 12.50 p.m. The weather
-set in cold and wet and was a disagreeable change from the perfect
-conditions we had enjoyed for several weeks. Captain A. P. Procter was
-temporarily in command of the Battalion.
-
-Platoon and Company training was resumed and routes to the new trench
-sector at St. Emilie were reconnoitred. A rousing Rugby football match
-was played between the Battalion and Flying Corps Squadron XV. The
-“Aces” were too good for the “King’s Own,” and we went under by 13
-points to 5. Major Robathan rejoined from hospital, together with 12
-Officer reinforcements. On the 12th October we marched into Brigade
-Reserve at St. Emilie, under wet and unpleasant conditions, relieving
-the 6th King’s Liverpools, while on the following evening the Battalion
-took over trenches from the 7th King’s Liverpool Regiment in the
-right sub-sector of the Right Sector at St. Emilie. Dispositions were
-as follows: Right front line Cat Post “C” Company. Left front line
-Gillemont Farm, “A” Company, Support Company, Duncan and Doleful Posts,
-“B” Company. Reserve Company “D” Company and Battalion Headquarters at
-Ken Lane. At 9.50 p.m. the relief was completed with no casualties. We
-found the trenches in very fair condition, but much draining, reveting
-and duck-boarding required.
-
-[Sidenote: _Oct.–Nov., 1917_]
-
-A comparatively quiet period followed. There were occasional heavy
-bombardments by the enemy’s Minenwerfers and Granatenwerfers. These did
-considerable damage to our trenches but no casualties occurred, and our
-Trench Mortars replied vigorously. Trench life alternated with periods
-in Brigade Support in St. Emilie and Lempire, until the Battalion went
-into Divisional Reserve on 2nd November in Longavesnes. The following
-Officer reinforcements joined during October: Second-Lieuts. R. Smith,
-R. W. Higginson, W. M. Stewart, G. Field, R. S. Dane, J. Mackay,
-G. F. Raeside, A. J. Dartnell, G. N. Russell, A. H. Pemberton, W.
-McAndrew, J. H. Sykes, N. Smith, C. J. Holland, G. W. Ferguson. Corpl.
-W. Masters, “D” Company, was killed in action, and Lance-Corpl. A.
-Clark, “D” Company, Pte. H. Bolton, “B” Company and Pte. H. Caton,
-“D” Company, wounded, the two latter accidentally. The following
-Decorations were awarded to Officers, N.C.O.s and men for gallantry and
-devotion to duty in the fighting of September 20th/23rd:--
-
-_Military Cross._--A/Capt. A. P. Procter, Lieut. and Qr.-Mr. P. W.
-Powell, Second-Lieuts. A. S. Latham and G. A. Taylor.
-
-_Distinguished Conduct Medal._--C.S.M. D. Graham, Sergt. F. S.
-Yates, Sergt. A. Burton, Lance-Sergt. J. R. Pearson.
-
-_Military Medal._--Corpl. T. Wright, Pte. A. E. Ashburn, Corpl. E.
-Lockey, Lance-Sergt. W. Whiteside, C.Q.M. Sergt. W. G. Hinds, Pte. J.
-Wild, Sergt. H. Myers, Lance-Corpl. H. Dobbs, Lance-Corpl. T. Chester
-and Pte. E. G. Robinson.
-
-[Sidenote: _November, 1917_]
-
-Lieut.-Colonel G. B. Balfour then returned from sick leave to command
-the Battalion.
-
-The period in Longavesnes was spent in Company training and organized
-games. Medals were presented to the winners of the Football
-Competition, and the Cup offered by Colonel Balfour was presented to
-the Transport for the Sports held at Bonningues in September. The
-Battalion was also exercised in the Practice Attack as a preliminary
-to the real operations now impending. The Battalion Band, under Band
-Sergt. Rickwood, had at this time attained to a fine standard of
-efficiency, and, while adding considerably to the amenities, were a
-real asset on the march. At 5 p.m. on the 17th November we marched
-out from Longavesnes en route for St. Emilie, a distance of 6 miles,
-and reached billets at 6.45 p.m. At 7 p.m. on the 19th the Battalion
-marched out by Companies at half-hour intervals to take up attack
-positions in the right sub-sector of the Right Sector. (Gillemont Farm.)
-
-At 2.45 a.m. on the 20th November, Companies were all in position for
-the attack. Their disposition was “A” Company and 1 Platoon “D” Company
-on the right in Stokes Trench. “B” Company and 1 Platoon “D” Company in
-centre in Stokes Trench. “C” Company and 1 Platoon “D” Company on left
-in Blunt Nose. One Company 4th Loyal North Lancashire Regiment held
-Cat Post--Dog Trench during the attack. At zero hour, 6.20 a.m., the
-attack pushed forward under a heavy barrage of guns, trench mortars and
-machine guns. The enemy wire was found to be very thick and generally
-unbroken, and his barrage was quickly put down on our front line and
-approaches. This barrage increased as time went on; guns from both
-flanks evidently being brought into action. The Right Flank made good
-progress in spite of strong opposition, and all but gained their final
-objective. The Centre Company from the start encountered heavy machine
-gun fire, and when they reached the enemy immediate support line, were
-met with showers of bombs and rifle grenades, the enemy making a very
-stubborn resistance.
-
-They pushed on, however, and made progress for a time, but being
-greatly outnumbered, and suffering heavy casualties, they were held up
-short of the final objective. The Left Company encountered almost uncut
-wire, but, forcing their way through, they pushed on until, running
-short of bombs, and meeting superior forces of the enemy, they were
-held up.
-
-The Left Company were gradually forced back, as the attack on the left
-Battalion had failed, while the Centre Company were ejected from their
-forward position, and were hard pressed to hold their own. Towards
-noon the Left Company had been forced back to the enemy front line,
-while the Centre Company were in danger of being cut off from the Right
-Company, who were themselves being forced gradually back.
-
-At 12.45 p.m. reinforcements were sent up from the 5th King’s
-Liverpools, and, with the help of these 2 Platoons, the Centre Company
-attempted to consolidate the enemy front line, and join up with the
-Right Company. About 1 p.m. the enemy made a very determined attack,
-and forced the Centre Company back into our original line by weight of
-numbers, and superiority of bombs, rifle grenades, etc. Enemy trench
-mortars and artillery were active on our Support Line and roads of
-approach. The Right Company, finding both flanks in the air, and being
-attacked by superior numbers, fell back to avoid being surrounded and
-cut off altogether. The fighting all morning was particularly fierce,
-but the enemy were superior in numbers and ammunition, and great
-difficulty was experienced in getting ammunition through the enemy
-barrage to the attacking Companies. The Companies reorganized in our
-front line, and devoted all their efforts to clearing the trenches of
-wounded, debris, etc.
-
-The Battalion was relieved during the night of the 20th /21st by the
-4th Loyals, and moved into dugouts in Ken Lane--Sart Lane, the relief
-being completed by 4.30 a.m. The day was spent resting, cleaning
-clothes, arms, etc., and salving of equipment, arms, and the removal
-of dead from the front line. At 6 p.m. on the 22nd Companies moved
-off independently and concentrated at St. Emilie, where they were met
-by the Band, and marched to billets in Longavesnes, and became part
-of the Divisional Reserve. At 2.30 p.m. on the 23rd the Major-General
-Commanding the Division came and spoke to the Battalion, which paraded
-in fatigue dress. In the course of his remarks, the General stated that
-“Although the Battalion did not hold their gains, yet they more than
-achieved the object of this attack. A considerable quantity of men and
-guns were kept employed opposite our front, and so assisted our advance
-at Cambrai. No enemy reinforcements left our front until late in the
-day.”
-
-The following casualties were sustained during this attack:--
-
-Officers.--Killed, Lieut. A. M. Clark (displayed splendid leadership
-in Gillemont Crescent), Second-Lieut. A. J. Dartnell. Wounded,
-Second-Lieut. J. R. Rundle (died of wounds), Capt. T. R. Blain,
-Second-Lieuts. R. Smith, J. Mackay, J. H. Sykes, G. Field, L. R.
-Keighley. Total, 9.
-
-Other Ranks.--Killed 9, Wounded 113, Missing 80. Total 202.
-
-There was little repose in this period of “rest” and the general
-atmosphere was one of tension. On the 29th the Battalion was ordered
-to “Stand To” and be ready to move immediately, as heavy enemy attacks
-were expected opposite the Divisional front. At 8.30 a.m. on the 30th
-we moved off by Companies to concentrate with the rest of the 164th
-Brigade near St. Emilie. At 10.30 a.m. the Battalion was ordered to
-move to Epehy and hold on at all costs. The enemy had broken through
-on the flank of the Left Brigade, and cut off almost the whole of the
-Brigade in the line. At 12 noon Companies extended to N.E. of Epehy and
-advanced in extended order to reinforce the 5th King’s Own, who were
-being forced back from their forward positions. Companies dug in a new
-line about 300 yards behind the front line held by the 5th King’s Own.
-The enemy were held, and we commenced to consolidate the position. The
-evening was fairly quiet and our casualties had been small.
-
-[Sidenote: _December, 1917_]
-
-On the 1st December the Battalion were in immediate support to the
-remains of the 166th Brigade, on the left of the Divisional front.
-The line held was as follows: From Fallen Tree Road on the right to
-Fourteen Willows Road and thence to Epehy--Villers Guislain Road on the
-left. During the early morning a party of the 5th King’s Own and 10th
-Liverpool Scottish, who had been surrounded in Limerick Post for nearly
-twenty-four hours, fought their way out and regained our lines. This
-party reinforced the front line and enabled closer touch to be gained
-with the 5th Lancashire Fusiliers on our left. At 6 a.m. an attack was
-due to commence by Tanks and Cavalry, with the intention of re-taking
-Villers Guislain, but no action was observed, although the artillery
-activity on the left increased considerably. At 9 a.m. however
-an attack by cavalry commenced. Two Squadrons advanced along the
-Epehy--Villers Guislain road and attempted to attack in the direction
-of Villers Guislain, but they were so badly cut up by artillery fire
-and Machine Guns that they withdrew to Epehy. Cavalry also attacked
-from Little Priel Farm on the right, and managed to make progress. One
-Squadron attempted to approach Villers Guislain by pushing along the
-valley from Little Priel Farm, but were met with heavy machine gun fire
-from Parr’s Bank, and although they held on to a forward position near
-Fourteen Willows Road for some time, they suffered heavy casualties,
-and were ultimately forced to withdraw.
-
-The enemy made no further attempt to attack the Brigade front,
-devoting his efforts to consolidating the ground gained, but his
-artillery, Machine Guns and snipers were very active all morning. At
-1 p.m. we launched a counter-attack with the intention of re-taking
-Meath, Kildare and Limerick Posts, and making these posts a line
-of resistance. About 200 of the 5th King’s Own, 10th Liverpool
-Scottish and 5th Loyals, together with 2 Squadrons of Indian Cavalry,
-constituted the attacking force. Inadequate Artillery support, and
-heavy enemy Machine Gun fire were mainly responsible for the failure
-of the attack, and the survivors returned to our front line, having
-suffered severely. During the attack “A” Company moved up from
-immediate support to the front line, S. of Fourteen Willows Road.
-
-At 4.30 p.m. enemy Artillery became very active, Battalion Headquarters
-in Fourteen Willows Road, our front line and support line to the right
-of the Epehy--Villers Guislain Road, were heavily shelled for about
-half an hour. As evening drew near, however, conditions became normal.
-The 8th Liverpool Irish advanced on the left of Epehy--Villers Guislain
-Road in support of the 4th Loyals, and eventually gained touch with the
-left flank of the 166th Brigade on the right of Epehy--Villers Guislain
-Road. The 166th Infantry Brigade, including the 4th King’s Own, were
-relieved during the night by the 110th Infantry Brigade, 21st Division,
-and went into billets in St. Emilie, the relief being completed at 1.30
-a.m. on the 2nd December, and all Companies had arrived in billets
-by 3.30 a.m. The day was spent in resting and cleaning equipment and
-clothes, but we were again under orders to be ready to move at half an
-hour’s notice. Reserves of ammunition, grenades, tools and rations were
-brought up to establishment.
-
-At 4 p.m. on the 4th December orders were received for the Battalion
-to move up to Sandbag Alley to reinforce the Reserves of the 165th
-Brigade. Companies moved off independently and all were safely in
-dugouts by 8 p.m. In anticipation of an imminent enemy attack we
-“stood to,” “C” and “D” Companies manning Queen’s Trench, and “A”
-and “B” Companies remaining in Sandbag Alley. All being quiet on the
-Brigade front Companies stood down at 7.30 a.m. At midnight on the 5th
-the 165th Brigade including the 4th King’s Own, were relieved by the
-48th Infantry Brigade, 16th Division. On completion Companies marched
-independently to St. Emilie. Accommodation was exceedingly scarce, and
-the whole Battalion were crowded into one Adrian Hut. The weather was
-very cold, dry and frosty. At 5.30 a.m. on the 6th we were called on to
-man the Brown Line as Reserves to the 48th Infantry Brigade, in case
-of attack. After considerable difficulty this was completed, but the
-morning proved exceptionally quiet, and the Battalion was ordered by
-Division to return to billets in St. Emilie.
-
-At 1 p.m. verbal orders were received from Colonel Eden, A.A. and
-Q.M.G., that the Battalion would be relieved that day, and were to
-proceed to Longavesnes. Accordingly at 2 p.m. we marched to the
-Transport Lines at Villers Faucon and had tea. At 5 p.m., accompanied
-by the Band, the Battalion marched into Longavesnes, and proceeded
-thence by bus to Peronne, which was reached at 7.15, and by 8 p.m.
-the whole Battalion had reached the Camp. The whole of the 7th was
-spent in resting and making preparations for continuing the move. The
-weather turned wet in the evening. At 10 a.m. on the 8th following
-the 8th Liverpool Irish and 5th Lancashire Fusiliers, we marched to
-Peronne-Flamicourt Station and entrained, leaving at 12 noon for
-Beaumetz-les-Loges. On arrival at 9.30 p.m. we formed up behind the 8th
-Liverpool Irish and marched into billets at Lattre St. Quentin at 2
-a.m. on the 9th after a tiring march in the rain. The route travelled
-was via Simoncourt--Wanquentin--Hauteville--Lattre St. Quentin. The
-remainder of the day was spent in resting and cleaning up, rain falling
-almost the whole day. The Transport, which had marched all the way
-from Peronne, halting for the night of the 8th/9th at Courcelles,
-arriving at 6 p.m.
-
-On the 10th at 9 a.m. the Battalion was again on the march, moving via
-Avesnes le Comte--Manin--Givenchy le Noble--Penin--Tinques, arriving
-in billets in Bailleul-aux-Cornailles at 2 p.m., the weather being
-fine but cold. The following day at 10.30 a.m. the march was resumed
-via Monchy--Breton (where we marched past the Brigadier-General
-Commanding 164th Infantry Brigade)--La Thieuloye--Valhuon Hestrus to
-Eps, where billets were reached at 3 p.m., the weather being fine.
-On the 12th at 10 a.m. the Battalion marched to Crepy via Petit
-Anvin, billets being reached at 12 noon. At 10.30 a.m. on the 13th,
-we made what was to be the last of this series of marches moving via
-Fruges--Monteville--Radhinghem--Wandonne and Dennebroccq to Reclinghem
-where we arrived in billets at 3.25 p.m. The weather continued warm and
-bright.
-
-After the hard fighting and strenuous exercises of the past few
-months, the long period of rest in Reclinghem which followed was not
-unacceptable. Freed from trench worries for the time being, leisurely
-but thorough attention could be paid to reorganization, platoon and
-company training, and this was the general routine now followed. The
-Brigade Baths at Coyecque also received a full measure of patronage.
-The weather turned cold, with leaden skies threatening snow, and this
-duly arrived to give a traditional setting to Christmas Day. This was
-our third Christmas in France and Belgium, and as the previous two
-had been spent in the trenches at Authuille and Ypres respectively,
-special efforts were made on this occasion to mark this genial festival
-in a more fitting manner. A very pleasant day was spent, and one that
-lingers in the memory. There was a Voluntary Church Parade in the
-morning, which took place in the School at Reclinghem, and at 3.30
-p.m. the Brigadier-General Commanding, accompanied by the Commanding
-Officer, visited all the Companies in turn at dinner. The Sergeants,
-after attending to the men’s needs, had their dinner at 5.30 p.m., and
-they also received a visit from the Commanding Officer, when the usual
-compliments of the season were exchanged. All Officers dined together
-in the Headquarters Mess at 7.30 p.m., when the Battalion Band was in
-attendance, and rendered an appropriate programme in a pleasing manner.
-Altogether a memorable day.
-
-[Sidenote: _January, 1918_]
-
-New Year’s Day, 1918, was observed, by order of the Brigadier, as
-a holiday from all parades, except for short inspection parades in
-the morning. Sports were indulged in during the day, but the weather
-conditions were too severe to admit of organized games. News was
-received that the Brigadier-General Commanding (General Stockwell) had
-been awarded the C.M.G., and a congratulatory message was sent from
-the Colonel and all Officers. In spite of the adverse weather, which
-necessitated much clearing of snow, training was persevered with, and
-on the 19th January the First Army Commander, General Sir H. S. Horne,
-inspected the 164th Infantry Brigade Group on the parade ground of
-the 5th Lancashire Fusiliers, at Coyecque. He took the opportunity of
-presenting medal ribands awarded to various members of the Battalion,
-Officers, N.C.O.s and men. The massed Brigade Buglers, under Corporal
-Parry of the 4th King’s Own, sounded the General Salute. The Battalion
-Band played during the Inspection, and, as the various units marched
-past, played the “March Past” of each Unit. The Army Commander, in his
-address, referred to the fight at Gueudecourt on September 27th, 1916,
-on which occasion the 164th Brigade was last under his Command--as
-Commander of the XIV Corps. He complimented the Brigade on its fine
-turnout, and steadiness on parade.
-
-
-
-
- CHAPTER VIII.
-
- GIVENCHY.
-
-
-[Sidenote: _February, 1918_]
-
-Time was passing, the enemy unconquered, and our pleasant stay in
-Reclinghem came to an end. Companies engaged in preparations for the
-Battalion move towards the Line. At 8.15 a.m. on the 7th February we
-proceeded by march route via Beaumetz-les-Aire, Laires, Febvin, Palfart
-to Ligny-les-Aires, where billets were reached at 12.30 p.m. Rain
-fell in torrents during this march. At 10 a.m. the following morning
-the march was resumed, and proceeding via St. Hilaire and Lillers, we
-halted in billets for the night at Busnettes. The Battalion was joined
-en route by 6 Officers and 194 other ranks of the 7th Bn. The King’s
-Own, who had been posted to us on the disbandment of that Battalion. On
-the 9th, at 9 a.m., we proceeded by march route via Chocques, Annezin,
-Béthune, Vaudricourt and Drouvin to Houchin, where Camp was reached at
-1 p.m. We spent four days in Houchin, where training was resumed while
-the Commanding Officer, accompanied by the Intelligence Officer and
-Company Commanders, proceeded to reconnoitre the line, preparatory to
-the 164th Infantry Brigade taking over La Bassée Canal Sector.
-
-On the 14th February the Battalion paraded, and moved up by Companies
-at 100 yards interval, to take over position in the Line, as Support
-Battalion to the Right Sector, and relieved the 6th Lancashire
-Fusiliers, 42nd Division. On the 20th we relieved the 4th Loyals in the
-left front Sub-Sector, and spent the time in repairing and improving
-the trenches. Trench life at this period was comparatively uneventful,
-quiet periods alternating with intermittent shelling on both sides,
-while patrols scoured No Man’s Land nightly. Pte. Pepper accounted
-for one of an enemy patrol, who was identified as belonging to “205
-R.I.R.,” which useful item of information was duly conveyed to Brigade
-Headquarters. On the 2nd March the Battalion was relieved by the 5th
-Lancashire Fusiliers and moved back to Support in the Village Line. On
-the 5th March we were relieved by portions of the 6th North Staffs,
-and the 5th South Staffs. Regiment, and moved back by motor lorry to
-Hingette, where the Battalion was now in Divisional Reserve.
-
-[Sidenote: _March, 1918_]
-
-The time was occupied in cleaning up, bathing parades to Béthune, and
-training under Company arrangements. “Summer” time was adopted at 11
-p.m. on the 9th, the clock being put forward an hour. This period
-was anything but restful; there was much tension in the air, and the
-Battalion was under “Stand To” orders in readiness to move to the
-forward area in case of the expected enemy attack. At 6.10 a.m. on the
-11th March, the Battalion received orders to move to the Concentration
-Area near Gorre, and moved off in fighting order within half an hour of
-receiving the order. The Battalion, with the remainder of the Brigade,
-remained in the Concentration Area until 12 noon, when orders were
-received to move back to Hignette, the orders as to standing-to still
-remaining in force. A party of Officers and men reconnoitred the ground
-behind the Portuguese Division on the left, in anticipation of a call
-to move to the support of that Division. Reveille was now at 4.30 a.m.
-daily. On the 12th the order to move to the Concentration Area, near
-Gorre, was received at 6.10 a.m., and within ten minutes the Battalion
-had moved off. At 10 a.m. we moved back, Headquarters and 2 Companies
-going into billets at Essars, and 2 Companies to Choqvaux. This state
-of acute preparation continued, and further reconnoitring of the
-defences in rear of the Portuguese Division on our left took place.
-This was a precautionary measure, in the event of orders being received
-to form a defensive flank if the enemy penetrated the front of that
-Division.
-
-At 7 a.m. on the 17th, the Battalion moved off by Companies to
-relieve the 5th King’s Liverpool Regt. in the line at Givenchy. The
-dispositions were as follows: “C” Company left front; “D” Company
-right front; “A” Company in support in Tunnels; “B” Company in reserve,
-occupying Givenchy Keep, Mairie Redoubt, and Moat Farm Redoubt.
-Battalion Headquarters were at South Moor Villas in Hitchen Road.
-The day was very clear, and nine enemy observation balloons were up,
-consequently much of our movement was observed, and the whole system
-was shelled intermittently during the day. Quiet periods alternated
-with heavy shelling by the enemy, gas shells being largely used, and
-these mostly of the mustard gas variety. Wolfe Road, King’s Road and
-Windy Corner, in the communication area, in addition to the above
-mentioned posts, all received these unwelcome attentions. At midnight
-on the 24th March our Artillery opened a heavy barrage of all calibres,
-including trench mortars, machine guns, rifle grenades and thermite,
-on the enemy trenches, and a successful raid was carried out by the
-5th King’s Liverpool Regt. on our left, and nine prisoners were taken.
-Enemy retaliation was practically nil. On examination, these prisoners
-stated that an attack was imminent. In view of this statement the 5th
-Lancashire Fusiliers were ordered up to the Village Line to strengthen
-the defences, one Company being attached to our Battalion. Additional
-Machine Guns were also brought into the Sector, but no attack developed
-for the time being. On the 27th our snipers had a very successful day,
-accounting for six of the enemy, including an Officer.
-
-The night was remarkably quiet, and we were relieved by the 5th
-Lancashire Fusiliers, moving into Brigade Reserve in Gorre. “C” Company
-occupied the Tuning Fork Line, immediately North of La Bassée Canal.
-“D” Company took over the Village Line with two Platoons at Pont Fixe,
-and two Platoons at Windy Corner. Battalion Headquarters and “A” and
-“B” Companies being in Brigade Reserve in Gorre. The Companies engaged
-in cleaning up and refitting, also visiting the Divisional Baths at
-Beuvry. After over a week’s perfect weather rain began to fall. At
-11.15 a.m. on the 31st March, Church Parade was held at the Château
-Gorre.
-
-[Sidenote: _April, 1918_]
-
-On the 1st April, Companies moved up independently, via the northern
-bank of La Bassée Canal to Pont Fixe, to relieve the 4th Loyals in the
-right sector of the Brigade Front on La Bassée Canal. The relief was
-completed at 11.15 p.m. without incident, the weather being fine, and
-the night quiet. Dispositions were: Right Front “A” Company; Centre
-“B” Company; Left Front “C” Company; with “D” Company in support in
-Givenchy Keeps. Battalion Headquarters were in the Village Line. On the
-night of the 4th April our Patrols entered the enemy front line and
-communication trenches without any opposition. Good work on this patrol
-was done by Second-Lieuts. Raeside, Lyon and Holmes. These patrols
-again entered the enemy lines on the nights of the 5th and 6th. They
-penetrated as far as the support line, and found the system unoccupied
-from the Canal to a point N.E. of Warlingham Crater. A raid which
-should have been undertaken by the 4th Loyals was cancelled, owing to
-information gained by our Patrols. The 8th was a very quiet day. Not a
-shell fell on the Brigade front. “D” Company in the Keeps relieved “C”
-Company on the left front.
-
-On the morning of the 9th April there was a heavy fog. The enemy opened
-a bombardment with gas shells, and a few 4.2’s and 5.9’s, behind
-our front line. Gradually gas shelling decreased, and the volume of
-heavier shells increased, the front line receiving some attention.
-The following brief summary of events, altogether inadequate to the
-occasion, must unhappily suffice to give some indication of the
-historic stand now made by the 55th (West Lancashire) Division, against
-what was to be the last main despairing effort of a formidable enemy to
-overwhelm his opponent:--
-
-_7.30 a.m._--Our front line was destroyed by Minenwerfers, and
-shelling was very heavy on Oxford Terrace and Bayswater.
-
-_8.5 a.m._--Battalion Headquarters was very heavily shelled, and
-caused serious casualties to Headquarters, Runners and Pioneers.
-
-_9.30 a.m._--An “S.O.S.” was received by Runner from Canal North,
-despatched at 9.15 by Captain Ellwood. This was transmitted by power
-buzzer, and also by Runner, to the forward guns, and to Brigade.
-
-_10.30 a.m._--Bayswater from Cheyne Walk to 100 yards north were
-held by us. 5th Lancashire Fusiliers from Support reached the Village
-Line. One Platoon of “C” Company, 5th Lancashire Fusiliers reinforced
-main line of resistance. “D” Company, 5th Lancashire Fusiliers formed a
-defensive flank at Windy Corner, where the enemy had broken through the
-Portuguese Division on our left as anticipated. The enemy was prevented
-from penetrating west of Pont Pike--Windy Corner.
-
-_10.50 a.m._--“A” Company were back at Spoil Bank, and re-took
-Company Headquarters and Cheyne Walk to beyond Bayswater. Bayswater was
-cleared by bombing, and Death or Glory Sap was still holding out.
-
-_10.55 a.m._--Mairie Redoubt was still intact, and Gunner Siding
-N. held, the enemy being bombed out of Gunner Siding S. towards Orchard
-Road. We were in touch with the 4th Loyals on our left.
-
-_11.20 a.m._--No sign of enemy at Mairie Redoubt. Our right
-Company was in touch with 5th Lancashire Fusiliers in Bayswater, who
-bombed up Orchard Road.
-
-_12.5 p.m._--Enemy holding top of Orchard Road and firing machine
-guns across Spoil Bank.
-
-_12.15 p.m._--We took 14 prisoners in Death or Glory Sap.
-
-_12.55 p.m._--Enemy still in Orchard Keep.
-
-_3 p.m._--Enemy in Company Headquarters, in Oxford Terrace, Gunner
-Trench cleared by Captain Evans and Captain Overton.
-
-_3.20 p.m._--Company Headquarters in Oxford Terrace re-taken, and
-enemy cleared from Bayswater and Oxford Terrace.
-
-_3.35 p.m._--Enemy cleared from Orchard Keep.
-
-_4 p.m._--Enemy cleared from Cheyne Walk, Bayswater and Spoil
-Bank. Oxford and Cambridge Terrace reported all clear. Reorganization
-of Keeps in progress.
-
-_4.50 p.m._--Arrival of 2 Officers and 50 other ranks, details of
-other Units, as reinforcements.
-
-_4.55 p.m._--Situation on Battalion front: “A” Company in
-occupation of Bayswater and Death or Glory Sap. “B” Company in
-occupation of Bayswater (with 17 other ranks). “C” Company in
-occupation of Oxford Terrace (with one attached Platoon of 5th
-Lancashire Fusiliers), Mairie Redoubt, Gunner Siding and Orchard Keep.
-“D” Company in occupation of Cambridge Terrace to Wolfe Road. Enemy in
-occupation of Warlingham Crater and Lower Finchley Road.
-
-_5 p.m._--One Company of 5th South Lancashire Regiment (Captain
-Hill) arrives, and is divided between “A” and “C” Companies.
-
-_7.20 p.m._--Mairie Redoubt, Orchard Keep, and Gunner Siding
-normally held by us.
-
-_April 10th, 12.30 a.m._--Our original line now held intact. A
-Patrol of the right front Company reports no enemy movement in No
-Man’s Land or enemy front line trenches. The night was quiet, with no
-Artillery fire, and little machine gun fire.
-
-_9.40 a.m._--Enemy Aeroplane No. 18 dropped a bomb on Bayswater,
-wounding 14 of “A” Company. Our low-flying planes fired into enemy
-trenches. During the afternoon the enemy shelled Windy Corner--Pont
-Fixe very heavily with 4·2, 5·9, and 8-in. (or 11-in.) shells.
-Observation of movement behind the enemy lines leads to expectation of
-another hostile attack. We opened a harassing Artillery and Machine Gun
-fire on the enemy front line, which continued until 9 p.m. and then
-slackened.
-
-_11th April._--Patrols out during the night of 10th/11th April
-reported no hostile occupation of No Man’s Land, and no sound of
-movement of troops. There was no enemy activity during the night,
-beyond occasional long bursts of machine gun fire from Embankment
-Redoubt and from North East. The afternoon was quiet, but there was a
-violent bombardment of Le Plantin in the evening.
-
-_11.10 p.m._--Relief of “D” Company in the left Sector, by
-“C” Coy. in the Keeps, was reported complete, but this relief was
-considerably delayed by shell fire.
-
-_12th April, 9.30 a.m._--The Brigade Major visited Battalion
-Headquarters and issued verbal orders for the relief of the Battalion
-in the Line, by the 5th Lancashire Fusiliers from the Village Line.
-Operation Orders were issued, and reconnaissances of dispositions were
-carried out at once.
-
-_1 p.m._--Relief commenced and was successfully carried out by
-small parties.
-
-_6.35 p.m._--Relief completed. Dispositions now in the Village
-Line were: Pont Fixe, “A” Company (with “D” Company, 5th South
-Lancashire Regiment). Fanshawe Castle, “D” and “B” Companies. Windy
-Corner, “C” Company. Battalion Headquarters remained unchanged.
-
-_13th April._--The enemy bombarded the Village Line during the
-day, and the work of wiring the northern flank between Windy Corner and
-Lone Farm commenced.
-
-_14th April, 4.45 p.m._--The Windy Corner defences were taken over
-from “C” Company, by a Company of the 5th South Lancashire Regiment.
-Information was received of the forthcoming relief of the Brigade by
-the 1st Brigade.
-
-_15th April._--Preparations for relief by the 1st Camerons.
-
-_16th April, 11 a.m._--Lewis Gun Teams of the 1st Camerons arrived
-at Westminster Bridge, and were conducted by guides to Companies.
-
-_10 p.m._--Relieving Companies met at Westminster Bridge.
-
-_11.15 p.m._--Relief completed without incident. Enemy Artillery
-was quiet during the relief. Companies proceeded independently to
-a point on the Beuvry--Béthune Road, where buses were waiting to
-convey them to their destination. During this operation a dozen 5·9
-shells fell in the vicinity, but had no effect beyond accelerating
-the departure of the convoy. The Company of the 5th South Lancashire
-Regiment left us here, and proceeded to Burbure.
-
-One episode in this outstanding engagement may be commented on. Orchard
-Keep--a key position--was occupied by 2nd Lieut. J. H. Collin and
-sixteen Non-Commissioned Officers and men, who held the post until
-overwhelmed by successive attacks by the Germans. The whole of this
-party were reported killed, but Lance-Corporal J. Pollitt was wounded
-and taken prisoner. Badly wounded as he was, this N.C.O. killed his
-escort, and fought his way back alone to our lines. The defence of
-Orchard Keep made such an impression on the Higher Command that 2nd
-Lieut. J. H. Collin was awarded the posthumous Victoria Cross (see
-Appendix). It therefore seems reasonable to assume that Lance-Corpl.
-Pollitt, as the only survivor of this very gallant band, was an
-unlucky victim of the fortune of war, in that he received no official
-recognition of his valuable services on this and other occasions. It
-is interesting too, that Lance-Corpl. Pollitt was associated with the
-events which led to the grant of the two Victoria Crosses previously
-earned by the Battalion.
-
-The Battalion arrived in billets in Marles-les-Mines at 4 a.m. on the
-17th. These billets were comfortable and much appreciated. The usual
-daily parades followed, and these included bathing parades to Auchel,
-and visits to the 55th Divisional Theatre at the same village. On the
-21st April at 10 a.m., the Battalion paraded and marched, accompanied
-by the Band, to the Aerodrome near Auchel, where an inspection of
-the Brigade by the Divisional Commander was held. It was anticipated
-that the French Premier would be present at this parade, but for some
-reason of State, this anticipation was not realised. At 6.30 a.m. on
-the 23rd, the Battalion proceeded by bus to Vaudricourt, in the Houchin
-area, prior to taking over trenches again. Here, as the weather was
-delightfully sunny, the day was spent agreeably in the woods. In the
-evening two Companies moved off by the light railway, to relieve the
-1st Battalion The Loyals in the Givenchy Sector, while two Companies
-and Battalion Headquarters moved up by bus. Headquarters sustained
-10 casualties through Artillery fire, when alighting near Annequin.
-Dispositions were as follows: Right Sector, La Bassée Canal; on the
-right, “A” Company; centre, “B” Company; left, “C” Company, with “D”
-Company in support. The Transport moved to the Château Drouvin.
-
-Two of our fighting patrols, which went out just after dark on the
-25th, to occupy the junction of Orchard Road and front line, to the
-junction of Finchley Road and front line, met the enemy in force,
-became heavily engaged, and were driven back. Second-Lieuts. Sykes and
-Whitmore were wounded. A barrage was put down to enable a third party
-to rush this line. The barrage came down in No Man’s Land, behind
-the objective, and our men could not advance against hostile machine
-gun fire. Several casualties were sustained. The enemy were holding
-our old front line in strength. At 4 a.m. on the 26th April, covered
-by Artillery fire, two platoons of “A” and “D” Companies rushed the
-enemy position, and heavy hand-to-hand fighting ensued. Our party was
-forced to withdraw. At 2.20 p.m., under cover of Artillery fire and
-Machine Gun barrage, two Platoons of “C” and “D” Companies attempted,
-in conjunction with 5th Lancashire Fusiliers to retake the crater saps
-on our left. The barrage did not come down on “K” and “J” Saps, and
-the Lancashire Fusiliers were unable to reach their objectives. The
-4th King’s Own reached their objectives after fierce fighting, during
-which 40 German prisoners were taken. Parties of “C” Company, under
-Second-Lieut. Hunter, on the left, quickly cleared Berkeley Street,
-“E” Sap, and front line. Parties of “D” Company, under Second-Lieut.
-Stewart, on the right, rushed from Coventry Sap and took “A” Sap, also
-obtaining touch with “C” Company. Second-Lieut. Hunter was killed
-after these objectives were reached. Touch was established with the 5th
-Lancashire Fusiliers but the latter were driven from their positions
-by strong enemy counter-attacks. Our own posts became surrounded on
-three sides, and we were forced to give ground. After bitter fighting
-we accomplished a successful withdrawal to our former lines, after
-inflicting heavy losses on the enemy. Congratulations were received
-from Corps, Division, and Brigade Commanders on the fine fighting
-qualities displayed.
-
-[Sidenote: _April–May, 1918_]
-
-On the 28th April we were relieved by the 4th Loyals, and went into
-support in the Village Line, Battalion Headquarters being in Fanshawe
-Castle; “B” and “D” Companies in Canal Bank; “A” Company in Pont Fixe,
-and “C” Company, Windy Corner. The 7th King’s Liverpool Regt. relieved
-us on the night of the 1st May, and we went into Brigade Reserve in
-Verquigneul, where re-clothing, refitting and bathing was carried out.
-Reinforcements joined us and Companies were reorganized. The Divisional
-Commander inspected and interviewed parties of “C” and “D” Companies
-who took part in the recent attack on the Crater Saps. Platoon and
-Company training were also carried out. On the 8th May preparations
-were made for going up into the line. 2 Officers and 135 other ranks
-proceeded by march route to Allouagne, to Corps Reinforcement Depot, as
-“B” Team. At 7.30 p.m. the march to the trenches by platoons commenced.
-We relieved the 5th King’s Liverpool Regt. in the Givenchy Right
-Sector, Left Sub-Sector. The relief was completed at 1.40 a.m. on the
-9th without incident. Dispositions were as follows: left front, “A”
-Company; centre, “D” Company; right front, “B” Company; “C” Company in
-support in the Keeps. There was much enemy activity during this tour of
-duty in the trenches, especially by his Artillery, and also in the air.
-On the 14th May a low flying aeroplane was engaged by our machine guns,
-and shortly afterwards the enemy’s artillery, searching from Pont Fixe
-to Windy Corner, succeeded in blowing up an ammunition store at the
-latter post.
-
-[Sidenote: _May–August, 1918_]
-
-Such was the general position at this time. Outwardly, the course of
-events, for the next three or four months, followed the same routine.
-Life alternated between the trenches at Givenchy, and Reserve at
-Drouvin Camp. It is earnestly hoped that a cursory glance at the period
-under review, will not convey the impression that nothing worthy
-of note was happening. Far from it; but a closer analysis would be
-a repetition of what has already been presented to the reader. The
-Battalion underwent its usual hazardous tour of duty in the trenches,
-and close proximity to the enemy could never be uneventful. It will be
-recalled that during the strong attack by the Germans on April 9th, we
-were compelled to retire slightly from our old front line, and this had
-since been occupied by the enemy. This line was accordingly re-occupied
-by our troops, and a great quantity of salvage was found and brought
-down.
-
-The spirit which now prevailed amongst our troops was restrained
-optimism. This feeling had an intangible quality, gossamer in texture,
-more tacit than expressed, but everywhere radiating good cheer, and
-hope for the near future. The power of the enemy’s attack appeared to
-have been definitely broken, while the time was approaching when our
-own irresistible advance was to reach a triumphant conclusion.
-
-On the 21st August, at Vaudricourt, we listened to a lecture by
-Brigadier-General G. I. Stockwell, telling us about, and explaining a
-secret attack on the Craters, to be carried out by the 5th Lancashire
-Fusiliers and ourselves, and Officers and N.C.O.s studied a model of
-the Craters. The following day this lecture was repeated to the men
-by Company Commanders. Preparations for the coming attack were made,
-and great keenness was shewn. On the 23rd August we moved up the line
-to assembly positions, with Headquarters in the Givenchy Tunnel. The
-Battalion was very busy making final arrangements.
-
-[Sidenote: _August, 1918_]
-
-At 2.20 a.m. on the morning of the 24th August, all Companies were in
-assembly positions. Despite a very slight harassing fire no casualties
-were sustained. Wire cutting had previously been carried out by advance
-parties. The enemy was very quiet, sent up few lights, and showed no
-signs of anticipating an attack. Supporting Companies received hot
-breakfasts, and the assembling troops had sandwiches and chocolate. No
-noise was made in getting up food. Snipers crept out to position on
-spoil heaps, from which they kept down enemy observation prior to the
-attack, and kept down enemy fire during the attack, by firing on such
-targets as exposed themselves.
-
-At 6 a.m. visibility became very poor, a slight rain falling. Our own
-Stokes Mortars fired intermittently on the crater areas up to the
-time when the rockets were fired at zero hour. One of our aeroplanes
-flew low over the craters, drawing only a very slight machine gun
-fire. On the firing of the rockets at 7.20 a.m., the assaulting troops
-immediately advanced under splendid leadership. Two and a half minutes
-elapsed before the enemy fired his first rifle shot. There was no
-artillery fire at all. The enemy was completely taken by surprise, and
-was found mostly in dugouts. Not a single enemy machine gun was in
-action on the Battalion front. At 7.24 a.m. an S.O.S. rocket, bursting
-into two red lights, was fired from well behind the enemy’s lines.
-Meanwhile, mopping up parties had followed closely behind the front
-line of sections, but found the enemy to be in small strength. These
-were effectively dealt with, some being killed and some being taken
-prisoner. A few tried to run away but were heavily fired on.
-
-At 7.30 a.m. our own protective barrage fell beyond the crater
-area, this being answered three minutes later by a poor counter
-barrage directed chiefly on Gunner Siding. At 7.35 a.m. Companies
-had reached their objectives on the far lip of the craters, and
-telephone communication was established between them and Battalion
-Headquarters. At 7.43 a.m. consolidation was immediately proceeded
-with. Up to this time casualties were practically nil. Patrols were
-sent out to deal with Trench Mortar emplacements, and one was reported
-destroyed by mobile charge by the Left Company. Our own barrage, which
-was very heavy, seems to have dropped some shells short, inflicting
-casualties, two men being killed and 8 wounded in the Left Company, and
-approximately the same number in the Right Company.
-
-Enemy retaliation dwindled down to very slight proportions between
-8.30 and 10.30 a.m. He did not appear to know on what points to fire.
-At 8.34 a.m. a message was received from the snipers that a party
-of nearly forty of the enemy were seen at the far end of Duck Bill
-extension. These were fired on and soon disappeared. Shortly afterwards
-news was received from the Australian Tunnellers to the effect that
-there were no mines in dugouts, and that all shelters were badly
-smashed, a pill-box in Red Dragon Crater alone being untouched. Parties
-of the enemy in small numbers were seen running to the rear, and were
-dealt with by Lewis Gunners and Snipers, those escaping getting right
-into our barrage. At 9.20 a.m. consolidation was reported to be making
-good progress, while communication trenches were being rapidly dug by
-Pioneers, from Wolfe Road to Berkeley Street.
-
-At 9.40 a.m. an S.O.S. rocket was sent up from the area of the left
-Battalion. Enemy Artillery was not firing at all at the time. Five
-minutes later the S.O.S. was cancelled.
-
-Shortly afterwards the enemy fired on the crater area for the first
-time, on Warlinghem. Owing to our own Artillery fire some patrols had
-difficulty in reaching Trench Mortar emplacements, and these were now
-sent out again. The Right Company reported reaching an emplacement, but
-found the Mortar gone, though plenty of very heavy ammunition, and a
-range finder were lying near. The Left Company reported the destruction
-of another emplacement.
-
-Between 11 and 11.15 a.m. enemy Artillery became much more active, blue
-cross shells falling on Givenchy, and the gas drifting over our area.
-This had cleared by 11.45 a.m. From this time onwards, much heavier
-enemy barrages were put down on the crater area. Tea and sandwiches
-were got up to the front line troops about 12.30 p.m., and about an
-hour later, a hot meat meal. Considerable difficulty was experienced in
-getting rations over the broken ground to the crater area, and the work
-done by the Transport and Quarter-Master’s Department was commendable.
-Perhaps a smile may be permitted here. This devoted personnel, its duty
-well and truly done, assembled for departure from the inhospitable
-region of the craters, which the Hun was now freely shelling. One
-member of the party was missing, and he the Company Quarter-Master
-Sergeant. Impatience grew as the minutes passed, and when well nigh
-insupportable, he appeared, to meet the indignant queries of his
-comrades, he silenced criticism with the explanation “Well, I couldn’t
-find t’ dixie lid”!
-
-Our casualties during these operations amounted to 30, viz.: 7 killed
-and 23 wounded. On the 25th and 26th August the new line was organized.
-Difficulty was experienced by our Patrols in getting into touch with
-the enemy, and it was not until the second day that his posts were
-found. Our Snipers did excellent work, getting three confirmed hits,
-and continually harassing the enemy in his broken communication
-trenches. On the 27th we were relieved by the 5th King’s Liverpool
-Regt. without incident, and went into billets at Drovbin Camp, arriving
-shortly after 9 p.m.
-
-[Sidenote: _Aug.–Sept., 1918_]
-
-News of a German retirement on the front of the 15th Division, reached
-Battalion Headquarters astride La Bassée Canal, at 10 a.m. on the 2nd
-October. In consequence of this information, daylight patrols were sent
-out by “A” and “B” Companies, these Companies holding the right half of
-the Brigade Outpost Line. The advanced Platoons of “B” Company, under
-Lieut. Peers, were, on this morning, occupying Canteleux Trench, from
-its junction with Canteleux Alley S., to Towpath Alley, with forward
-posts in shell holes. “A” Company, to the south of the Canal, had taken
-over, the previous evening, the dispositions of three Companies of the
-4th Loyals, who had captured the Distillery, viz., a line of posts 200
-yards East of the Distillery Line, with supporting and counter-attack
-platoons in rear. The two counter-attack platoons were attached from
-“D” Company.
-
-[Sidenote: _October, 1918_]
-
-Progress was first made by “B” Company, one of whose patrols had
-entered La Bassée Line before mid-day. By 1.30 p.m. the western
-outskirts of La Bassée were reached, and at 2 p.m. patrols were pushing
-North up the front and support trenches of La Bassée line, to gain
-touch with the 5th Lancashire Fusiliers who were advancing towards La
-Bassée from the direction of Canteleux and Violaines. Opposite their
-front, however, the enemy seemed to hold his line normally, until
-mid-day, and even later.
-
-Shortly after 1 o’clock, Lieut. Rudall (“A” Company) had entered
-without opposition, La Bassée line S. of the Canal, and was pushing S.
-down the trench to gain touch with patrols which were working their way
-along Vert Alley. At 2.30 we were in occupation of La Bassée line, from
-the Canal to Vert Alley, and had gained touch with the 16th Division.
-Instructions were then received from the Brigadier-General Commanding
-164th Infantry Brigade to hold La Bassée Line with two Platoons, and
-push into Le Faubourg to Canal Basin and Crassiers. Meantime patrols
-of “B” Company had pushed through La Bassée, and reached at 4.30
-p.m., a point 800 yards East of it. Major R. Gardner, M.C., under
-whose command this advance guard was operating, then left Battalion
-Headquarters at Spoil Bank, and at 5 p.m. established Headquarters of
-the Right Advance Guard at the Distillery. He was accompanied by Lieut.
-Tucker (Intelligence Officer), and by a few Signallers and Runners.
-Communications with Spoil Bank were at first maintained by telephone,
-via one of the other Company Headquarters. On the establishment of
-Battalion Headquarters at Canteleux at 7 p.m., communications became
-very precarious, as the wire over the Canal became “dissed” by the
-blowing up of a barge. A “loop set,” however, was fixed up at the
-Distillery, with which efforts were made to get into touch with a
-similar instalment in Red Dragon Crater. Telephone communication,
-however, with the Company Headquarters already referred to, was
-maintained.
-
-Patrols had by 5 o’clock, reached Crassiers, and located the enemy.
-Patrols elsewhere were also pushing on, in touch with the 16th
-Division. Two Platoons from “B” Company then crossed the Canal, and
-were disposed in La Bassée Line, which was temporarily held as the
-main line of resistance. By 8 p.m. outposts were established along
-an advanced line, and Vanguard Headquarters were in La Bassée, in a
-concrete cellar. From a reconnaissance of the Canal it was observed
-that the bridges had been totally destroyed. It was, however, just
-possible to scramble over near the remains of the old railway
-bridge. There was no sign of any footbridge along the Canal. Road
-reconnaissance showed that the main Annequin--La Bassée road was fit
-for horse and motor traffic as far as Le Faubourg. Roads towards Canal
-Basin from Le Faubourg were also good for horse traffic; that running
-south towards Cité de Douvrin was not so good.
-
-The only opposition to our Patrols came from a machine gun. This,
-however, ceased before dusk, and a party of 20 of the enemy were
-seen marching thence towards Salomé in full marching order. Before
-midnight a post was established in the Old Brewery on the Salomé Road,
-and another south of the Canal. Detachments of Machine Gunners (55th
-Division Machine Gun Battalion, 4 Guns; 16th Division Machine Gun
-Battalion, 2 Guns), Stokes Mortars, Lewis Gunners, and Investigation
-Parties had all reported at Advanced Guard Headquarters at the
-Distillery by 8 p.m. About midnight two patrols were sent out to push
-forward into Salomé, one along the N. and the other along the S. side
-of the Canal, and establish a post in Salomé, in touch with each other.
-These posts were established by 2 a.m. on the 3rd October. A patrol
-also went down the road to gain touch with the Division on the right.
-
-Salomé was found deserted--the enemy had completely disappeared--and
-touch was gained with a patrol of the 5th Lancashire Fusiliers in
-Salomé. At 7 a.m. the line of resistance of the Advance Guard was
-moved forward to a general line, with forward posts and two supporting
-platoons. A patrol reached the Canal angle, and further patrols were
-sent to reconnoitre Berclau. Billy Berclau was found to have been
-reached by the 16th Division, and touch was established with their left
-post. At 10.55 a.m. Billy Berclau was lightly shelled by the enemy,
-and at the same time Machine Gun and Anti-Aircraft Artillery fire was
-observed from Berclau. Advance Guard Headquarters was established
-near the Canal Basin, whither the “loop set” from the Distillery was
-removed. This was picked up by the “loop set” of the forward Brigade,
-and communication with our Brigade was thus obtained. In other
-directions visual signalling was resorted to.
-
-Four machine guns were disposed in the main line of resistance, 2 were
-maintained in reserve at Headquarters. One Stokes Mortar was also
-conveyed by mule to the Vanguard Headquarters. A forward dump of 57
-boxes of small arm ammunition was established in rear of the main line
-of resistance. Cooking was done in La Bassée, and the men supplied with
-hot food during the day. Cross-country communications from La Bassée to
-the outpost line of resistance was easy, the tracks being undamaged.
-At 1 p.m. a post was reported established in Berclau, but later an
-enemy rearguard was located in another part of the village. Fighting
-took place, and our post was compelled to withdraw. The N. and N.E.
-outskirts of Berclau were found strongly held by machine guns and
-snipers. We established a Lewis Gun Post which commanded Berclau.
-
-At 4.45 p.m. orders were received from Brigade to arrange for the 16th
-Division to take over the dispositions of the Right Advance Guard,
-owing to a change of boundaries. The southern boundary of our Brigade
-was fixed on the line of the Canal--Canal Angle--Canal Tee. The Advance
-Guard, and all attached troops were to move to assembly positions in
-Salomé, N. of the Canal, and await the remainder of the 4th King’s
-Own, which was coming up from La Bassée, to relieve the 5th Lancashire
-Fusiliers in the Brigade Outpost line, on the night of the 3rd/4th
-October, and to continue the advance on the morning of the 4th. At 7.30
-p.m. Advance Guard Headquarters closed and crossed the Canal. Major R.
-Gardner, M.C., the Commander, reported at Battalion Headquarters in
-Salomé at 9 p.m. The outpost platoons and attached troops crossed the
-Canal, and spent the night in billets in Salomé. The whole Battalion,
-under the command of Lieut.-Colonel G. B. Balfour, D.S.O., now acted as
-Advance Guard to the Brigade.
-
-On the morning of the 4th October, patrols pushed forward at dawn from
-Hantay, and drove the enemy back to the Canal. A good deal of patrol
-fighting took place. “D” Company attacked and took Prevore Farm. The
-enemy held the western bank of the Canal and bridgeheads with machine
-guns. The 18-pr. Battery attached to the Advance Guard, shelled the
-bridgeheads and the Laundry. On the 5th October, patrols continued to
-drive the enemy back, but could not get across the Haute Deule Canal,
-which he was holding strongly. The enemy flooded the area in front
-of the Canal, and caused our patrols and posts to withdraw a short
-distance. The Battalion was relieved during the night by the 6th King’s
-Liverpools and marched back to Divisional Reserve in the vicinity of
-Pont Fixe and Givenchy, with Battalion Headquarters at Barge House.
-Here we rested, bathed and refitted. The weather was wet, and there
-were no working parties. Companies were not very comfortable in
-dugouts, and on the 7th the Battalion moved back to billets in Beuvry.
-Here training in Advance Guards was carried out, and kits and stores
-were again reduced to the lowest minimum, so as to conform to the
-transport available.
-
-On the 11th October one Officer per Company reconnoitred the left
-Brigade front (166th Brigade), with a view to taking over the following
-day. A demonstration in rapid pontoon bridging was given in the
-afternoon. This followed a lecture in the morning by the Divisional
-Educational Officer on the scheme for education _on the cessation of
-hostilities_. This encouraged impressions not to be ignored, and
-if the general spirit of the troops was exuberant, it was based on
-solid foundation and not mere flimsy excuse. Much remained to be done,
-however, and on the 12th October the Battalion left Beuvry in trains at
-8.30 a.m. to relieve the 10th Liverpool Scottish in the forward area.
-There were two collisions on the way but no one was hurt. We detrained
-at Cambrin, and marched to the neighbourhood of Marquillies, where
-Battalion Headquarters were established. “A” Company in Marquillies;
-“B” Company in Sainghin; “C” Company in Le Willy, and “D” Company in
-the Sugar Factory. Relief was completed at 5 p.m. without any special
-incident.
-
-On the following day posts were dug and wired all round. There was a
-good deal of shelling but no casualties were sustained. On the 14th,
-Battalion Headquarters moved to a house near the Sugar Factory. Two
-Companies were in the main line of resistance, and two in support. We
-supplied one working party, and Officers reconnoitred the forward area.
-
-On the 17th the Battalion left Sainghin, moving off at 9 a.m., and
-marched by Companies through Wavrin to Lattre. There was some delay in
-crossing the Canal at Seclin, owing to the bridges being blown up. We
-then moved on to Ancoisne, where a mid-day meal was served. Here we
-met the first released civilians, and our reception was most cordial.
-About 2 p.m. the Battalion moved on to Houplines, and were still under
-orders to advance. At 6.30 p.m. we arrived at Templemars, remaining
-there for the night. Our reception here was even more cordial than
-before. Battalion Headquarters were established at the Mayor’s house.
-At 6 a.m. on the 18th, the Battalion moved off to pass through the
-5th Lancashire Fusiliers. “C” and “D” were Outpost Companies, with
-“A” and “B” Companies in support. The patrols pushed on and entered
-Peronne. The enemy were holding the bank of the river La Marque in
-considerable strength, and there was a good deal of shelling, the fort
-at Sainghin, and Peronne, being the chief targets. Bas Sainghin caused
-“D” Company a good deal of trouble, and it was not until the afternoon
-that it was cleared. A heavy mist hung over the area of operations,
-and greatly assisted us in moving forward. The night was very light,
-with a brilliant moon. By means of a ladder, “D” Company patrol was
-able to cross La Marque, and enter Bouvines. At 10.30 p.m. we put down
-a machine gun barrage, also our 18-pr. Batteries fired on woods where
-the enemy were located. This seems to have forced the enemy to retire
-before he intended, and he finally left the village at 11.15 p.m. Our
-reception by the villagers was most cordial.
-
-On the 19th October, the whole Outpost Line pushed out, and by the
-early morning our line was established on the railway line east of
-Bouvines, and patrols had entered Cysoing. The 4th Loyals now passed
-through us, and our Battalion concentrated in Bouvines for a rest.
-During the early morning “B” Company had captured 23 prisoners and
-3 machine guns. Headquarters were established in a Château, and
-everyone was very comfortable. The villagers were overjoyed at their
-deliverance, and did all they could to make the troops comfortable. The
-bridge across the river had been blown up, and the villagers helped the
-Royal Engineers to build a new one, which was completed by 11.30 a.m.
-
-The Battalion left Bouvines at 8.30 a.m. on the 20th to take over
-the role of “B” Battalion. We passed through Cysoing at 10 a.m.
-and marched to Creplain, where we halted. The Battalion then moved
-on again to the area around the Ferme du Baron, north of Froidmont,
-where we again halted and awaited orders. The next move was to a field
-about 800 yards north of Esplechin, where we formed up into Artillery
-formation. “D” Company was sent to support the left flank of the 5th
-Lancashire Fusiliers, and one Platoon to obtain touch with the 74th
-Division on our left. At 6 p.m. Battalion Headquarters moved to a farm
-in Esplechin, and “A” and “B” Companies moved to support the right
-flank of the 5th Lancashire Fusiliers. The remaining three Platoons of
-“C” Company moved to the left, and joined “D” Company, thus the whole
-Battalion was now in the Support Line. Battalion Headquarters moved
-to the Asylum in Froidmont, and were cordially greeted by the jovial
-Brothers of Charity.
-
-On the 21st October, the Battalion passed through the 5th Lancashire
-Fusiliers, but found progress well contested by the enemy. Severe
-patrol fighting took place. The high ground on the road from Froidmont
-to Tournai was captured by “B” Company at 3.15 p.m., but was re-taken
-by the enemy at 10 p.m. On the right, considerable opposition was met
-with in Ere, and a machine gun was located, firing from the Church. The
-Church itself was mined. The enemy were finally pushed beyond Ere, and
-we took up a line about 500 yards beyond the village. Ere was heavily
-shelled during the day and night. At 7 p.m. Headquarters moved to the
-Château near Ere, and an advanced Headquarters was established in
-Ere. The enemy appeared to be making a stand on the north side of the
-river Scheldt. The shelling was severe, and all the sunken roads were
-marked down for harassing fire. During the morning of the 22nd, the 5th
-Loyals took over our line, and the Battalion took over a battle line in
-support. “D” Company had some casualties when coming out of the Outpost
-Line. The Battalion rested during the day. “A” Company were gassed
-rather heavily at 6 p.m., but suffered no casualties.
-
-On the 23rd October the Battalion was holding the Battle Line, the men
-being as far as possible in farm houses, within easy reach of posts
-to be manned in case of S.O.S. At 4.45 p.m., in conjunction with the
-14th Black Watch (late Fife and Forfar Yeomanry), one platoon of “D”
-Company attacked a sunken road, but without success. Enemy machine gun
-fire was very intense, and the men could only advance to within 100
-yards of the trench, when the Officer and 5 men were wounded. The men
-were collected together by the Platoon Sergeant, and formed posts on
-the eastern edge of a wood, about 150 yards from the objective. The
-remainder of the Battalion were making posts. On the 24th Companies
-were engaged in digging V-shaped trenches, about 40 yards long, and
-these were inspected by the Commanding Officer during the morning. This
-work was carried out until 2 a.m. on the 25th, when 15 such trenches
-had been completed. Battalion Headquarters were moved to the farm house
-Du Baron during the afternoon, and Companies were billeted in farms in
-the vicinity.
-
-During the morning of the 25th October, “D” Company (Reserve Company)
-carried on with the construction of the trenches. The Battalion was
-relieved in the main line of resistance about 5 p.m. by the 4th Loyals,
-and, on relief, moved forward and relieved the 5th Lancashire Fusiliers
-in the Outpost Line. Battalion Headquarters were established in the
-Tannery. “B” and “C” Companies held the front line, with “A” and “D”
-Companies in support. Second-Lieut. A. Rigg was here wounded in the
-leg by a machine gun bullet. The Battalion and the 4th Loyals now
-became attached to the 165th Infantry Brigade. On the 26th October
-the Battalion had the misfortune to lose the further services of the
-Commanding Officer, Lieut.-Colonel G. B. Balfour, D.S.O., who, along
-with Lieut. H. Tucker, went to hospital, sick. Colonel Balfour had the
-distinguished honour of serving with the Battalion throughout the War,
-from the time when he mobilised as a Lieutenant in August, 1914. The
-Command of the Battalion devolved upon Major R. Gardner, M.C., who was
-promoted Acting Lieut.-Colonel, and who himself had proceeded to France
-with the Battalion and had rendered most valuable service.
-
-Ere Church and vicinity were continually harassed during the day with
-gas shells and whizbangs. An aeroplane, belonging to “C” Flight, was
-shot down, but was salvaged intact from No Man’s Land by “A” Company.
-During the morning another of our aeroplanes was forced to land, with a
-bullet through the tank, near Pic-au-Vent, the pilot and observer being
-uninjured. On the whole, the Battalion had a quiet day.
-
-At 5.30 a.m. on the 27th the Royal Air Force took away in a lorry the
-first aeroplane we salvaged the previous day. During the morning there
-was a slight gas shelling of Pic-au-Vent, Croix-de-Pierre, and Ere
-Church, but the Battalion had a quiet day in the Line. On the 29th an
-enemy aeroplane was brought down on the right of the Battalion front.
-The observer was seen to descend by means of a parachute, and was taken
-prisoner by the 10th Liverpool Scottish on the right. The Battalion
-had a quiet day in the Line, and was relieved at 7.30 p.m. by the 6th
-King’s Liverpool Regt. On relief, the Battalion proceeded to billets in
-Bourchelles. Here the opportunity was taken of cleaning up, paying the
-men, and bathing at Cysoing. Succeeding days were devoted to training
-in open warfare, and Colonel Gardner addressed the Battalion on the
-parade ground. Capt. A. E. Morton, M.C., Lieuts. H. Lauder and Steeple,
-and Second-Lieut. I. G. Anderson rejoined the Battalion here, whilst
-by way of recreation, a dance was given in the village school, with
-the Battalion Band in attendance, and which proved very popular. There
-were also some fine Cinema shows given in the same building from time
-to time. The weather was not too kind at this time, rain being rather
-persistent.
-
-[Sidenote: _November, 1918_]
-
-On the 8th November, the Battalion received orders to be prepared
-to move at short notice, and everything was prepared in readiness
-for this, the remainder of the day being devoted to training in
-billets, the day being very wet. At 1 a.m. on the 9th we received
-orders to move to Esplechin, and at 9.50 a.m. the Battalion proceeded
-to that village by march route, arriving at 11.30 a.m., and now
-came under the orders of the 166th Infantry Brigade. On the 10th
-November, at 5.30 a.m., we received orders to move forward towards
-Leuze, and proceeded by march route at 6.45 a.m. The route taken was
-via Froidmont--Ere--Pontrieu--Vaulx--Les Tournai, along the main
-Tournai--Ath Road to Leuze, where the Battalion arrived at 7 p.m.
-Progress on the march was considerably delayed, owing to the main road
-being blown up by mines in many places. We found good billets in Leuze,
-and were very comfortable for the night, the inhabitants giving the
-Battalion a most cordial reception. We received orders from the 166th
-Infantry Brigade to move forward next morning at 11 a.m.
-
-At 10.45 a.m. on the 11th November, the Battalion formed up in mass
-on the Square at Leuze, preparatory to moving forward. A few minutes
-before 11 o’clock the Commanding Officer, Lieut.-Colonel R. Gardner,
-M.C., read out on parade, a telegram, received from the 166th Infantry
-Brigade, stating that an Armistice had been signed by Germany, and
-that hostilities would cease at 11 a.m. A Squadron of the 1st Royal
-Dragoons, being then in Leuze, on their way forward, also formed up in
-the Square, and at 11 o’clock sounded the Cavalry “Cease Fire.” The
-Battalion then gave a Royal Salute, and the Band played the National
-Anthems of England, Belgium, and France. We then moved forward, amid
-great cheering from the civilian population, and proceeded along the
-main road to Ligne, where a halt was made, and the Battalion had lunch.
-Orders were received here from the 164th Infantry Brigade to proceed to
-Villers St. Amand, where we duly arrived about 2.45 p.m. Billets were
-obtained, and the Battalion rested here for the night, coming again
-under the orders of the 164th Infantry Brigade.
-
-
-
-
- CHAPTER IX.
-
- CONCLUSION.
-
-
-[Sidenote: _Nov.–Dec., 1918_]
-
-Little remains to be told. The great conflict was over, with
-overwhelming victory on our side. What followed might have been of
-importance and interest in the ordinary peace time experience of the
-Battalion but, after its searching test of the past four years, current
-events assumed the complexion of the commonplace and even dull. What
-will always remain of imperishable importance and interest, is that the
-Battalion emerged from its trials with jealously guarded reputation
-untarnished, and fit to hand on to successors, as an incentive to
-maintain the high standard of the 4th King’s Own Royal Regt.
-
-On Sunday, 17th November, 8 Officers attended a solemn Te Deum in
-Ath, and the Battalion took part in a combined Church of England
-and Nonconformist Thanksgiving Service. On the 18th we moved to
-Chappelle-a-Wattines, and became attached to the 271st Company R.E.,
-for work on stripping railways. This was varied by football and
-organized games, concerts, and liberal leave to visit Ath. On the
-7th December a Guard of Honour was furnished to mark the passing of
-His Majesty the King, to whom the Brigadier-General Commanding was
-presented. On the 15th December the Battalion left Leuze, and by a
-series of marches via Ath--Enghein--Buysinghem, reached Uccle, near
-Brussels, where we arrived on the 18th, after a few days’ march.
-Christmas Day in Uccle was seasonably marked by attending Church Parade
-in the morning. This was followed by the men’s dinner at 1 o’clock,
-and the Sergeants’ dinner at 6 o’clock. In the afternoon the Battalion
-Football Team played the champion Belgian Team, on the latter’s ground,
-the game ending in a draw of 2 goals each. The men enjoyed themselves,
-and everybody spent a very happy Christmas Day.
-
-[Sidenote: _Jan.–March, 1919_]
-
-On the 3rd January, 1919, the Division was inspected by the General
-Officer Commanding, on the third anniversary of its formation. The
-Division was drawn up on the road running through Bois-de-Cambre. The
-G.O.C. and Staff rode down the line, and afterwards the Earl of Derby,
-K.G., motored slowly over the same course. The Division, led by the
-4th King’s Own Regt., as the senior Regiment of the Division, marched
-past in fours, the salute being taken by H.M. The King of the Belgians.
-The Belgians attending the ceremony were very enthusiastic, especially
-when the Colours passed the saluting base. The Colours were carried on
-this occasion by Lieut. Tucker and Second-Lieut. Dane, M.C. On the 26th
-January, H.M. The King of the Belgians reviewed the III Corps Troops,
-to which we belonged. The march through Brussels commenced at the
-Avenue Louise, and proceeded to the Place des Palais, where the salute
-was taken by King Albert. Their Royal Highnesses The Prince of Wales
-and Prince Albert were both present at the ceremony.
-
-Life in and around Brussels at this period was very agreeable. Many
-Concerts and Dances were given, and proved most popular. Meanwhile
-heavy drafts were being prepared, and despatched to the Army of
-Occupation at Bonn, and to England on demobilization. This so reduced
-the strength that no training was possible, all the men being employed
-in special capacities, and on guard duties. On the 24th February the
-Battalion was reorganised as two Companies--the Cadre Company and
-the Rhine Draft Company--the total strength being now under 200. The
-Regimental Colours were removed from the Officers’ Mess, and handed
-over to the Quarter-Master for safe custody. On the 12th March,
-Brigadier-General G. I. Stockwell, C.B., C.M.G., D.S.O., relinquished
-the Command of the 164th Infantry Brigade, on being appointed
-Commandant of the Staff College, Camberley. On the 14th all Officers
-attended at Divisional Headquarters to say good-bye to Major-General
-Sir Hugh Jeudwine, K.C.B., the Divisional Commander, on his departure
-to command the Lancashire Division of the Army of Occupation on the
-Rhine. Sir Hugh also made a tour of the Division and said good-bye to
-as many as possible of the rank and file.
-
-[Sidenote: _June, 1919_]
-
-Finally, the Cadre Party of the Battalion, composed of Lieut.-Colonel
-R. Gardner, M.C., Lieut. T. H. Pritchard, M.C., Lieut. R. W. Higginson,
-M.C., and Captain P. W. Powell, M.C., the Quarter-Master, and 24 Other
-Ranks, left Brussels early on Saturday morning, June 7th, for England.
-They arrived at Ulverston on Wednesday, June 11th, and were met at
-the station by the Battalion Band, under Bandmaster F. W. Garnett,
-and an enthusiastic concourse of the population. On the following day
-there was a Civic ceremony of welcome to the returning troops. This
-was attended by Lieut.-Colonel W. F. A. Wadham, V.D., Colonel G. H.
-Huthwaite, V.D., Major N. E. Barnes, T.D., Captain R. H. Horne, and
-Captain J. Rawlinson, of the late Volunteers. Speeches of welcome
-were made by Councillor C. J. Chapman of the Ulverston Urban District
-Council, and Alderman Mawson and Alderman Bradshaw, of the Barrow
-Municipal Council. A procession was then formed to the Ulverston Parish
-Church, and the Colours, carried by Lieuts. Pritchard and Higginson,
-were deposited for safe custody in the hands of the Rector, the Rev. J.
-Stuart Rimmer, M.A. The Cadre Party then re-formed, and marched back
-to the Drill Hall, where some of them had mobilized nearly five years
-previously--an event which seemed to belong to a period incredibly
-remote.
-
- J. CROSSLEY, _Captain_,
-
- _Late 1/4 King’s Own Royal Regiment_.
-
-ULVERSTON,
-
- _July, 1935_.
-
-
-
-
- APPENDIX “A.”
-
-
- 4th Battalion
-
- The King’s Own (Royal Lancaster Regiment).
-
- Nominal Roll of Officers Mobilized with the Battalion,
- 4th August, 1914.
-
-
- Lieut. Colonel W. F. A. WADHAM, V.D., Commanding.
-
- Majors E. B. POOLEY.
- R. THOMPSON.
-
- Captains N. E. BARNES.
- G. D. WADHAM.
- R. P. LITTLE.
- J. CADDY.
- W. D. BARRATT.
- W. G. PEARSON.
- J. V. BARROW.
-
- Lieutenants D. L. MCNAUGHTAN.
- G. B. BALFOUR.
- J. S. FOTHERGILL.
- R. D. MORRELL.
- J. M. MAWSON.
- W. H. B. R. KENNEDY.
-
- 2nd Lieutenants H. Y. HUTHWAITE.
- A. BEARDSLEY.
- JOHN FISHER.
- G. H. WALKER.
-
- Adjutant V. A. JACKSON, Captain (York and Lancaster Regt.).
-
- Medical Officer A. F. RUTHERFORD, Major, R.A.M.C. (T.F.).
-
-
-
-
- APPENDIX “B.”
-
- 4th Battalion
-
- The King’s Own (Royal Lancaster Regiment).
-
- Nominal Roll of Officers who Proceeded Overseas,
- 3rd May, 1915.
-
-
- Lieut. Colonel W. F. A. WADHAM, V.D., Commanding.
-
- Majors R. THOMPSON.
- N. E. BARNES.
-
- Captains R. P. LITTLE.
- J. CADDY.
- W. D. BARRATT.
- W. G. PEARSON.
- J. V. BARROW.
- G. B. BALFOUR.
- R. D. MORRELL (killed in action).
- J. M. MAWSON.
-
- Lieutenants G. H. WALKER (killed in action).
- H. Y. HUTHWAITE.
- A. BEARDSLEY.
- JOHN FISHER.
- E. H. HEWITT (killed in action).
- R. GARDNER.
- G. F. TAYLOR.
- A. A. WRIGHT (killed in action).
-
- 2nd Lieutenants E. TILLYARD.
- W. C. NEILL.
- E. SPEARING (killed in action).
- G. B. BIGLAND (killed in action).
- H. A. BROCKLEBANK.
- H. R. SYKES.
- T. W. DUGDALE.
- JAMES FISHER.
-
- Adjutant V. A. JACKSON, Captain (York and Lancaster Regt.).
-
- Quartermaster J. CROSSLEY, Lieutenant.
-
- Medical Officer A. F. RUTHERFORD, Major, R.A.M.C. (T.F.).
-
-
-
-
- APPENDIX “C.”
-
-
-Additional Nominal Roll of Officers who served with the 1/4th Battalion
-The King’s Own Royal Regt. (in order of joining):--
-
- Lieut. B. A. Leslie
- 2nd-Lt. H. H. Hodgkinson
- „ C. G. Chapman
- „ G. J. Purnell
- „ E. D. M. Meyler
- „ H. Peak
- „ J. Finlay
- „ F. W. E. Keller
- „ J. Ward
- Lt. Col. F. M. Carleton, D.S.O.
- 2nd-Lt. R. L. Purnell
- Lieut. J. A. T. Clarke
- 2nd-Lt. L. Bowman
- „ P. J. Blundell
- „ D. Dugdale
- „ J. S. Corless
- „ E. Myatt
- „ J. Welch
- „ W. B. McCall
- Lieut. T. W. Dugdale
- 2nd-Lt. C. Thorpe
- „ Jas. Fisher
- „ G. H. Ferns
- „ C. E. Withey
- „ J. D. Johnstone
- „ E. E. McClinton
- „ S. Steeples
- „ O. R. Lees
- „ G. R. Glenie
- „ A. M. Clarke
- „ G. Hilton
- „ S. G. Voyle
- „ S. F. Walker
- „ J. Jackson
- „ R. G. Metcalf
- „ A. J. Brockman
- „ J. M. Wilcock
- „ L. Metcalfe
- „ J. R. Lawson
- Lt. Col. J. L. Swainson D.S.O.
- 2nd-Lt. H. H. Counsell
- „ J. J. Rudduck
- „ C. E. Lincey
- „ R. W. Higginson
- „ R. Bradley
- „ S. Bolton
- „ J. S. Ridsdale
- „ H. V. Johnstone
- „ E. D. Howard
- „ C. G. Lingford
- „ R. Rule
- „ H. V. R. T. Lauder
- „ C. F. R. Crawshaw
- „ J. D. Johnson
- „ R. C. Hallam
- „ T. F. Beasley
- „ A. B. Park
- „ A. P. Procter
- „ F. J. Smith
- „ A. Ellwood
- „ B. J. H. Garnett
- „ P. C. Taylor
- „ H. O. Coleman
- Capt. F. Williamson
- „ F. C. Slater
- Lieut. W. R. Pattinson
- „ G. Topham
- „ J. H. Simpson
- 2nd-Lt. R. A. Mudie
- „ A. T. Sheahan
- „ R. Willett
- „ J. Pearson
- „ C. J. Alexander
- „ J. S. Paterson
- „ C. W. Ford
- „ R. Holdsworth
- „ H. A. Kershaw
- „ R. G. Hatcher
- „ J. H. Evans
- „ J. A. McGill
- „ A. E. Morton
- „ C. H. Newbold
- „ R. J. Warbrick
- Major P. E. Robathan
- 2nd-Lt. J. Thompson
- „ R. M. Senton
- „ H. G. R. Scaife
- „ C. W. Gribble
- „ D. G. Pearson
- „ G. A. Taylor
- „ A. S. Latham
- „ W. Ratock
- „ H. R. Hart
- „ J. R. Gaulter
- Lt. & Q.M. P. W. Powell
- 2nd-Lt. F. C. Gilling
- „ W. E. Jones
- „ J. Way
- „ T. H. Middleton
- „ E. T. White
- „ E. S. Veevers
- „ E. Haslam
- „ N. Whittaker
- „ T. H. C. Pritchard
- Capt. T. N. Blain
- 2nd-Lt. A. Binnie
- „ F. J. Shuker
- „ B. Gough
- „ L. R. Keighley
- „ N. Walkden
- „ J. R. Rundle
- „ A. J. Thorpe
- „ W. McAndrew
- „ J. McKay
- „ B. H. Pemberton
- „ N. F. Paterson
- „ G. N. Russell
- „ G. F. Raeside
- „ H. G. Rowe
- „ J. H. Sykes
- „ R. Smith
- „ W. Stewart
- „ A. J. Dartnall
- „ R. S. Dane
- „ G. Field
- „ R. W. Higginson
- „ G. W. Ferguson
- „ C. J. Holland
- „ M. Smith
- „ J. H. Collin
- „ A. Thomson
- „ L. F. Fouraker
- „ H. Hunter
- „ S. Bolton
- „ J. H. Hamer
- „ J. G. Anderson
- „ R. A. Taylor
- „ A. Fyfe
- „ T. S. Paterson
- Capt. E. A. Kendall
- „ C. L. Overton, M.C.
- „ J. I. Simpson, M.C.
- 2nd-Lt. W. J. Holmes, M.C.
- „ A. W. Wyncoll
- „ H. J. Lyon
- „ E. Willis
- „ T. C. Threadgold
- „ H.W.T. Chalcraft
- „ R. Court
- „ G. A. K. Islip
- „ L. R. Andrews
- „ I. B. Rouse
- „ G. M. Gray
- „ H. Barrow
- „ D. B. Shutt
- Lieut. H. S. Brown
- 2nd-Lt. G. Ribchester
- „ E. D. Osgood
- „ D. O. Maclean M.C.
- „ A. Whitmore
- Capt. W. K. Batchelor
- 2nd-Lt. C. A. Russell
- Capt. B. Peers
- Lieut. R. L. Ashcroft
- „ E. H. T. Tucker
- „ A. H. Tollemache
- 2nd-Lt. A. C. Notley
- „ G. H. Lowery
- „ H. E. Godfrey
- „ J. A. Vincent
- Lieut. W. L. Rudall
- 2nd-Lt. N. R. Hutley
- „ L. E. Wharton
- „ T. D. R. Crilly
- „ F. C. Place, M.M.
- „ F. C. Waywell
- „ H. Richardson, D.C.M.
- „ R. H. Robinson
- „ G. W. E. Sanderson
- 2nd-Lt. W. Shaw
- „ J. A. Thomas
- „ E. Williams
- „ J. Grindal
- „ W. Y. Gleave
- „ J. J. R. Larkin
- „ J. G. Anderson
- „ E. Lockey
- „ A. W. Rigg
- „ D. Burr
- „ H. S. Scott
- „ J. W. Lugard
- „ S. Smith
- Lieut. A. Fraser
- Capt. R. T. Bethune
- 2nd-Lt. J. B. Lindsay
- „ C. Elliott
-
-
- DEPARTMENTAL OFFICERS ATTACHED.
-
- Capt. J. S. Titmas, R.A.M.C.
- Lieut. J. H. C. Gatchell, R.A.M.C.
- Capt. J. S. G. Wilson, R.A.M.C.
- Rev. R. H. Hingley, C.F.
- Rev. R. Gillenders, C.F.
- Rev. T. L. B. Westerdale, C.F.
-
-
-
-
- APPENDIX “D.”
-
- OFFICERS’ CASUALTIES.
-
- KILLED IN ACTION.
-
- 2nd-Lt. G. B. Bigland
- Lieut. S. Bolton
- 2nd-Lt. L. Bowman, R.A.F.
- „ R. Bradley
- „ A. J. Brockman
- Lieut. A. M. Clark
- 2nd-Lt. J. H. Collin
- „ R. Court
- „ A. J. Dartnall
- „ T. W. Dugdale
- Capt. A. Ellwood
- 2nd-Lt. C. W. Ford
- „ G. R. Glenie
- „ B. H. Gough
- Lieut. E. H. Hewitt
- 2nd-Lt. G. Hilton
- „ H.H. Hodgkinson
- „ C. J. Holland
- „ E. D. Howard
- „ H. Hunter
- „ J. D. Johnstone
- „ P. Jolly
- „ J. P. Lawson
- „ W. R. Leah
- „ C. E. Lincey
- „ L. Metcalf
- Capt. R. D. A. Morrell
- 2nd-Lt. A. C. Notley
- „ F. C. Place
- „ G. F. Raeside
- „ B. H. Robinson
- „ J. R. Rundle
- Lieut. E. Scott-Miller
- „ E. Spearing
- 2nd-Lt. A. Thomson
- „ E. S. Veevers
- Lieut. G. H. Walker
- 2nd-Lt. E. T. White
- Capt. C. E. Withey
- „ A. A. Wright
-
-
- DIED OF WOUNDS.
-
- 2nd-Lt. R. G. Hatcher
- „ L. R. Keighley
- Lieut. J. J. Rudduck
- Lt. Col. J. L. Swainson, D.S.O.
- 2nd-Lt. A. Wheatley
- 2nd-Lt. J. Ward (accidentally)
-
-
- WOUNDED IN ACTION.
-
- 2nd-Lt. J. C. Alexander
- „ J. G. Anderson
- „ J. W. H. Axtell
- „ F. F. Beazley
- Capt. T. R. Blain
- „ H. A. Brocklebank
- 2nd-Lt. L. Bowman
- „ A. M. Clarke
- Capt. J. A. T. Clarke
- 2nd-Lt. H. H. Counsell
- „ G. F. H. Crawshaw
- „ W. Eatock
- „ G. W. Ferguson
- „ G. H. Ferns
- „ G. Field
- Lieut. R. Gardner (accidentally)
- 2nd-Lt. J. R. Gaulter
- „ F. C. Gilling
- „ J. Grindal
- „ R. C. Hallam
- „ H. R. Hart
- „ E. Haslam
- „ J. D. Johnstone
- Capt. F. Jones
- 2nd-Lt. W. E. Jones
- „ L. R. Keighley
- „ J. J. R. Larkin
- „ C. G. Lingford
- „ J. Mackay
- „ J. A. McGill
- „ R. G. Metcalfe
- „ T. H. Middleton
- Capt. W. C. Neill
- 2nd-Lt. C. H. Newbold
- Capt. W. R. Pattinson
- 2nd-Lt. B. H. Pemberton
- „ R. L. Purnell
- „ A. W. Rigg
- „ I. B. Rouse
- „ J. J. Rudduck
- „ G. W. E. Sanderson
- „ H. G. Scaife
- „ R. M. Senton
- „ W. Shaw
- „ F. J. Smith
- „ N. Smith
- „ R. Smith
- Lieut. E. Spearing
- 2nd-Lt. S. Steeple
- „ W. McK. Stewart
- „ H. R. Sykes
- „ J. H. Sykes
- „ G. A. Taylor
- „ P. C. Taylor
- „ J. Thompson
- Lt. Col. R. Thompson
- 2nd-Lt. A. J. Thorpe
- „ A. Turner
- „ S. G. Voyle (accidentally)
- „ N. Walkden
- „ S. F. Walker
- „ H. J. Warbrick
- „ F. C. Waywell
- „ H. Welsh
- „ L. E. Wharton
- „ A. Whitmore
- „ N. Whittaker
- „ J. M. Wilcock
- Capt. F. H. Williamson
- 2nd-Lt. C. E. Withey
-
-
- MISSING.
-
- 2nd-Lt. W. Holmes (and wounded)
- Lieut. A. S. Latham
- 2nd-Lt. W. McAndrews
- „ E. D. Osgood
- „ R. Smith
- „ R. A. Taylor
- „ T. C. Threadgold
-
-
- PRISONERS OF WAR.
-
- 2nd-Lt. G. Field
- Capt. W. G. Pearson (and wounded)
-
-
- AWARDS.
-
-
- VICTORIA CROSS.
-
- 2nd Lieut. J. H. Collin (Posthumous)
-
-
- DISTINGUISHED SERVICE ORDER (and Bar).
-
- Lt. Col. G. B. Balfour
-
-
- MILITARY CROSS.
-
- 2nd-Lt. J. C. Alexander
- „ L. R. Andrews
- „ T. S. Bateson
- Capt. T. R. Blain
- 2nd-Lt. R. S. Dane
- Capt. A. Ellwood
- „ J. H. Evans
- „ R. Gardner
- 2nd-Lt. J. R. Gaulter
- Capt. H. Y. Huthwaite
- „ E. A. Kendall
- 2nd-Lt. A. S. Latham
- Capt. A. E. Morton
- 2nd-Lt. B. H. Pemberton
- „ F. C. Place, M.M.
- Lieut. P. W. Powell
- 2nd-Lt. T. H. Pritchard
- Capt. A. P. Procter
- 2nd-Lt. G. F. Raeside
- „ H. Richardson
- „ I. B. Rouse
- „ G. A. Taylor
- Capt. A. A. Wright
-
-
- FRENCH CROIX-DE-GUERRE.
-
- Capt. J. A. T. Clarke
- 2nd-Lt. R. C. Hallam
-
-
- MENTIONED IN DESPATCHES.
-
- Lt. Col. G. B. Balfour (three times)
- 2nd-Lt. H. R. Hart
- Lieut. G. F. Taylor
- „ E. H. Hewitt
- „ E. Myatt
-
-
- BROUGHT TO THE NOTICE OF THE SECRETARY
- OF STATE “FOR VALUABLE SERVICES RENDERED IN
- CONNECTION WITH THE WAR.”
-
- Lt. Col. W. F. A. Wadham, V.D.
-
-
-
-
- APPENDIX “E.”
-
- RANK AND FILE.
-
-
- KILLED IN ACTION.
-
- Pte. T. H. Agar
- „ T. Airey
- L/Cpl. T. Akister
- Pte. R. Allen
- „ T. Angrove
- „ G. Ashcroft
- „ G. Ashworth
- „ A. Askew
- „ H. R. Atkinson
- „ J. Atkinson
- „ T. Bagot
- „ H. Bailey
- Cpl. T. Balderston
- Pte. J. J. Barrow
- „ E. Baxendale
- „ T. Baxter
- „ W. Beckitt
- „ W. Bell
- „ F. Bellamy
- L/Cpl. J. Bennett
- Pte. J. Bennett
- „ H. Bland
- „ T. Bowron
- „ J. Brack
- L/Cpl. R. W. Bransden
- Pte. V. Brazil
- L/Cpl. W. T. Brew
- L/Sgt. J. Brocklebank
- Pte. J. J. Brocklebank
- „ P. Brogan
- L/Cpl. J. A. Brookes
- „ J. Brown
- Pte. L. E. Burley
- Sgt. F. J. Burn
- Pte. M. Burton
- L/Sgt. M. Caddy
- Pte. F. Carson
- „ R. Carter
- „ S. Carter
- „ J. Cartwright
- „ E. Catterall
- „ A. Chadwick
- Sgt. J. Charnock
- Pte. H. Churm
- „ J. Cloudsdale
- „ E. Coles
- „ J. Collier
- „ T. E. Collinge
- L/Cpl. J. Collinson
- Pte. J. Cooley
- „ S. Corbett
- „ W. Cottam
- „ A. Coulter
- „ B. Crispe
- „ W. Croasdale
- Sgt. J. M. Cross
- Pte. T. Crossman
- „ H. Currie
- „ E. Curwen
- „ C. Davies
- „ W. Dean
- L/Cpl. A. Diggle
- Pte. R. Dixon
- „ H. Dobson
- „ J. Dodd
- „ R. Donovan
- „ A. Downham
- „ W. A. Downham
- „ J. Duckworth
- „ P. Duerden
- Sgt. S. Eagers
- Pte. T. Eccles
- L/Cpl. T. Else
- Pte. F. Elston
- „ H. Evans
- „ E. Fairhurst
- „ W. T. A. Fell
- „ E. Fisher
- „ J. Fitzwilliam
- Sgt. G. Fletcher
- Pte. F. J. Fletcher
- „ T. Ford
- „ J. H. Frawley
- „ H. Fryer
- „ C. Gawne
- „ W. Gentles
- „ J. E. Gill
- „ W. Glover
- „ J. Green
- „ J. Greenhalgh
- „ E. Grey
- „ J. Griffiths
- „ E. Hadwin
- „ E. Hall
- „ G. Hardcastle
- „ J. Hargreaves
- L/Cpl. J. E. Haslam
- Pte. W. Haythorn
- „ E. Haythornwaite
- „ H. Hayward
- „ J. Hems
- „ T. Hesketh
- „ L. Higgs
- „ J. Hilton
- „ T. Hodgson
- „ W. C. Hogg
- „ J. Hoggarth
- „ H. Hoole
- „ R. Houghton
- „ P. Howcroft
- „ R. Hughes
- L/Sgt. W. S. Inman
- Cpl. T. Jackson
- Pte. T. James
- „ W. Jameson
- L/Cpl. N. Jamieson
- „ J. Jarvis
- Pte. J. Johnson
- „ J. Johnson
- „ P. Johnson
- „ W. E. Johnson
- „ R. L. Jones
- „ J. T. Kay
- „ A. Kelly
- „ W. Knipe
- „ R. Knowles
- „ A. Lancaster
- „ D. Leach
- „ E. Lenanghan
- Cpl. N. Lewis
- Pte. W. Liptrot
- „ J. W. Lister
- „ J. E. Lock
- L/Cpl. J. Lockhead
- Pte. T. Lofthouse
- Cpl. T. Long
- Pte. W. Long
- „ L. Longworth
- „ R. Lovell
- L/Cpl. T. A. Lowe
- Pte. D. Maler
- „ H. Mason
- „ W. Mason
- Cpl. W. Masters
- Pte. J. Mather
- L/Sgt. J. H. Mellon
- Pte. G. Mercer
- Sgt. J. Miles
- Pte. J. Miles
- „ J. Millington
- Cpl. W. H. Milton
- Pte. J. Mitchell
- „ E. V. Monks
- „ W. Moran
- „ G. Moses
- „ S. Myerscough
- „ J. McAlarney
- „ A. McDowell
- „ J. H. McGill
- „ J. H. McGowan
- „ W. J. McKay
- „ J. McQuade
- „ B. McVittie
- „ R. H. Nelson
- „ J. E. S. Newby
- „ E. Nicholson
- L/Cpl. J. J. Nicholson
- Pte. J. Nightingale
- „ R. Noble
- „ A. Nuttall
- „ J. Nutter
- „ S. Oliver
- L/Cpl. W. O’Neill
- „ R. Oversby
- C.Q.M.S. Page
- Pte. H. Parker
- „ J. J. Parsons
- „ R. Penaluna
- „ J. H. Perry
- Cpl. J. W. Pettitt
- Pte. C. S. Petty
- L/Sgt. H. H. Pill
- Pte. W. R. Pimm
- „ C. Pittaway
- Cpl. J. Postlethwaite
- Pte. R. F. Postlethwaite
- „ W. Postlethwaite
- „ J. Powell
- „ H. Pownall
- Cpl. R. Proudfoot
- Pte. J. Ratcliffe
- Sgt. T. S. Rathbone
- Pte. T. Raven
- „ W. Rawsthorne
- Sgt. J. Reid
- Pte. H. Ribiero
- Cpl. S. Richardson
- Pte. F. P. Rigg
- Sgt. G. Robinson
- „ R. Robinson
- L/Cpl. S. Robinson
- Pte. W. Robinson
- Cpl. D. G. Rowlandson
- Pte. J. Royle
- L/Cpl. F. Ryder
- Pte. E. Salthouse
- L/Cpl. J. Sandilands
- Pte. J. E. Scargill
- „ E. Sellars
- „ C. Settle
- „ A. Sharp
- „ T. Sharp
- L/Sgt. C. Shaw
- Pte. R. Shaw
- L/Cpl. F. Shepherd
- Pte. R. Shone
- „ A. Sidebottom
- „ G. Simpson
- „ G. Simpson
- Cpl. A. Singleton
- Pte. J. A. Singleton
- „ H. E. Slaymaker
- „ F. Smith
- L/Cpl. P. Smith
- Pte. P. Stanworth
- Sgt. R. L. Steel
- Pte. A. F. Stevens
- Cpl. W. Stewart
- Pte. J. Strickland
- „ F. Swainson
- „ C. Swift
- „ J. Swindlehurst
- „ W. Sykes
- „ J. W. Taylor
- „ H. Thompson
- Sgt. R. Thompson
- Pte. W. Thompson
- „ G. Titterington
- Sgt. R. E. Titterington
- Pte. L. Truran
- „ F. Twynham
- „ G. F. Tyer
- „ L. Tyson
- „ R. Tyson
- „ W. Unsworth
- Sgt. R. Usher
- L/Cpl. D. Vickers
- Pte. J. Vincent
- „ H. D. Vity
- „ L. Wade
- „ J. Walker
- „ J. Walmsley
- „ R. M. Walters
- Sgt. G. H. Watson
- Pte. J. T. Watts
- „ F. Webster
- „ J. Whiteway
- „ T. Whittle
- „ J. Wild
- Sgt. J. Williams
- Pte. W. Williams
- L/Cpl. J. Wilson
- Pte. J. Winder
- L/Cpl. R. Woodward
- Pte. J. Young
-
-
- DIED OF WOUNDS.
-
- Pte. R. Abbott
- L/Sergt. C. E. Ansell
- Pte. T. Ashton
- „ J. Atherton
- „ A. Baker
- „ H. E. Barker
- „ S. Barnett
- „ W. H. Barrow
- L/Cpl. J. Barry
- Cpl. F. Baxter
- Pte. J. Benson
- „ W. Bevins
- „ J. Bowfield
- „ E. M. Burne
- Sgt. F. Cannon
- Pte. W. Carradus
- „ E. J. Carton
- „ J. B. Clayton
- „ J. Coombe
- „ J. Cooper
- „ R. Corlett
- „ C. Cragg
- „ W. Crossland
- „ J. Dyson
- „ C. R. Eastham
- „ T. Eccles
- „ A. Evans
- „ R. E. Fenton
- Cpl. W. M. Fletcher
- Pte. J. Fortune
- „ T. Fox
- „ A. H. Garnett
- „ S. Geldart
- C.S.M. H. P. Gendle
- Pte. C. Gregory
- „ F. Griffies
- „ H. Hadfield
- „ W. Harrison
- „ P. Higson
- L/Sgt. H. Hinchcliffe
- Pte. W. R. Holmes
- „ J. Hoole
- „ W. Hutton
- „ J. Kelly
- „ J.T. King
- „ W. Lawson
- „ W. Mathews
- „ G. A. Merritt
- „ R. H. A. Moreton
- L/Sgt. C. Morris
- Pte. D. Muncaster
- L/Cpl. N. McKenzie
- Pte. J. McMahon
- Cpl. H. Neal
- Pte. M. Newby
- „ W. Nicholson
- „ T. E. Noble
- L/Cpl. J. Oxley
- Pte. G. E. Park
- „ W. Penny
- „ W. Phillips
- L/Cpl. R. Porter
- Pte. G. Poskitt
- „ T. Preston
- Sgt. J. H. Quayle
- „ A. Redman
- L/Col. J. Riley
- Pte. G. W. Robinson
- „ B. Rogerson
- „ F. Rothersay
- „ W. Rowlands
- „ W. R. Rowlands
- „ H. W. Rudge
- „ G. W. Rylands
- „ H. Simmons
- „ W. Smedley
- „ H. Smith
- „ A. Solari
- „ J. Sprout
- „ H. Stott
- „ H. Symons
- „ F. Talbot
- Sgt. L. C. Taylor
- Pte. J. Topping
- L/Cpl. H. Q. Towers
- Pte. W. G. Trewern
- „ T. C. Vargoe
- „ R. Wallace
- „ E. Watson
- „ J. Whalley
- „ T. Wharton
- „ T. Whiteside
- „ T. Whiting
- „ J. Whittam
- „ J. Whittam
- „ J. Wilding
- „ H. Wilson
- „ W. Wooff
- „ F. H. Worth
-
-
-
-
- APPENDIX “F.”
-
- RANK AND FILE.
-
-
- WOUNDED IN ACTION.
-
-
- Pte. W. Abernethy
- „ J. Abram
- „ A. Akred
- „ W. Allen
- „ R. Anderton
- „ T. Angrove
- L/Cpl. L. Andrewartha
- Pte. R. J. Armstrong
- „ A. Arnold
- „ W. G. Arnott
- „ R. Ashburner
- „ T. Ashburner
- „ G. Ashcroft
- „ H. T. Ashnore
- „ J. Ashnore
- „ T. Ashton
- L/Cpl. J. Ashworth
- Pte. Aspinall
- „ J. Astley
- „ J. Atherton
- „ J. Atkinson
- „ J. Atkinson
- „ J. J. Atkinson
- L/Sgt. Atkinson
- Pte. T. Atkinson
- „ H. Backhouse
- „ J. Backhouse
- „ T. Baker
- „ A. Bagshaw
- „ J. Bailey
- „ P. Bailey
- „ R. Balderson
- Cpl. J. Balderston
- Pte. A. Baldwin
- „ T. Balm
- L/Cpl. H. Bamber
- Pte. J. Bamber
- „ J. R. Bamber
- „ H. E. Barker
- „ W. Barker
- „ G. Barnes
- „ S. Barnett
- Cpl. E. W. Barrow
- Pte. F. Barrow
- „ W. Barrow
- „ P. Barton
- L/Sgt. C. Bates
- Pte. H. Bebbington
- „ H. Back
- „ R. Bee
- Cpl. R. Bell
- C.S.M. W. Bell
- Cpl. E. Bennett
- Pte. N. Bennett
- „ R. J. Bennett
- „ S. Bennett
- „ T. Benson
- „ D. Berwick
- „ T. Beswick
- „ E. Bevins
- „ T. E. Bewsher
- „ T. H. Bewsher
- „ H. Bidwell
- „ A. V. Billington
- „ T. Binns
- „ C. E. Birch
- „ R. Birkett
- „ E. Birmingham
- „ D. Black
- L/Cpl. J. Blake
- „ W. Blackburn
- Pte. W. Blakeborough
- „ E. Blamire
- „ S. Bloomfield
- „ G. Bool
- „ W. Boom
- „ T. Bowers
- „ J. Bowling
- „ G. Bowman
- „ J. Boylan
- L/Cpl. H. Bradley
- Pte. A. Brady
- „ J. Braithwaite
- C.S.M. T. Braithwaite
- Pte. W. Braithwaite
- „ R. Brannon
- L/Sgt. R. Bray
- „ W. Bray
- Pte. H. Brewer
- Sgt. J. Brewer
- Pte. H. Bridge
- „ C. Brocklebank
- „ J. T. Brocklebank
- „ W. Brocklebank
- „ G. Broderick
- „ R. Brookes
- Sgt. C. Brown
- Pte. R. Brown
- „ G. W. Brunskill
- L/Cpl. D. Bryan
- Pte. J. Bulderson
- „ N. Bullivant
- „ J. T. Bullock
- „ J. Bumford (accidentally)
- „ T. Bunford
- „ E. Burley
- „ H. Burley
- Sgt. J. F. Burns
- Cpl. H. Burns
- Pte. E. N. Burns
- „ F. Burns
- „ J. J. Burns
- „ J. W. Burns
- „ J. Burrows
- Sgt. A. Burton
- C.S.M. R. Butcher
- L/Cpl. H. Butler
- Pte. G. W. Caine
- „ V. Cairns
- „ R. Campbell
- „ W. Canning
- „ J. Cannon
- „ J. Capstick
- „ J. Cardwell
- „ J. Carrick
- Sgt. J. Carrick
- Pte. R. Carter
- „ T. Carter
- „ E. J. Cartwright
- Cpl. J. H. Casper
- Pte. F. Casson
- Sgt. T. J. Chapple
- Pte. H. Chadderton
- „ I. Chadwick
- „ T. Chadwick
- Sgt. W. Chadwick
- Pte. W. J. Chapman
- Sgt. J. Charnock
- Pte. J. T. Charters
- Sgt. T. W. Cheeseman
- Pte. L. Chorlton
- „ W. P. Christian
- „ S. Christie
- Sgt. F. Clampitt
- Pte. J. Clare
- „ W. Clare
- L/Cpl. A. Clark
- Cpl. G. Clarke
- Pte. J. H. Clarke
- „ J. Clarke
- „ R. Clarke
- „ S. Clarke
- „ W. Clarke
- „ E. Clarkson
- „ J. B. Clayton
- „ R. Clegg
- „ A. Clemunson
- „ W. Cooke
- „ T. Connor
- „ W. Conroy
- „ T. Cooper
- L/Cpl. C. Cooper
- Pte. C. D. Corless
- L/Cpl. E. Corbthwaite
- Pte. J. Cottam
- L/Cpl. J. Coultsman
- Pte. S. Coupe
- „ J. Coupland
- L/Cpl. J. Coupland
- Pte. H. G. Courtnell
- Sgt. J. Coward
- Pte. L. Coward
- „ T. Coward
- „ E. Cowell
- Cpl. G. W. Cox
- Pte. D. G. Craig
- „ S. Crane
- „ T. Cross
- „ C. W. Crowther
- „ J. E. Cuddy
- „ M. Cunningham
- „ H. Cunningham
- „ R. Cunningham
- „ J. Curran
- „ W. G. Dacre
- „ W. W. Dalton
- „ H. Daly
- „ W. Danson
- „ S. Darby
- „ F. Davies
- „ H. Davies
- „ J. Davies
- „ G. Dawson
- „ R. Dawson
- L/Cpl. R. Dawson
- Pte. M. Dembovski
- „ E. M. Denny
- „ W. H. Dent
- „ H. Derbyshire
- „ S. Derdle
- „ J. E. Dewhurst
- „ S. Dickinson
- „ J. Dickson
- „ A. Dixon
- „ R. Dixon
- „ S. Dixon
- „ W. Dixon
- „ J. Dobson
- Sgt. G. Dockeray
- Pte. G. H. Dowker
- „ A. Downing
- „ T. E. Drew
- L/Cpl. M. Drinkall
- Cpl. T. Dumphey
- „ C. Durkin
- Pte. J. Dyson
- „ G. Eagers. (accidentally)
- „ J. Eagle
- „ J. W. Earnshaw
- L/Sgt. H. Eastwood
- Pte. E. Eaton
- L/Cpl. G. Eddleston
- Pte. A. Edge
- „ F. Edmondson
- L/Cpl. T. Edmondson
- Pte. J. H. Edwards
- „ E. Egan
- „ J. Elcocks
- „ T. Ellam
- Cpl. T. Entwistle
- L/Sgt. J. Erhart
- Pte. W. Escolme
- „ A. Evans
- „ J. H. Evans
- Sgt. W. H. Farish
- Pte. R. Farnen
- „ W. Farnworth
- „ J. Farrell
- „ R. Farrer
- „ P. Fawcett
- Cpl. T. Fawcett
- Sgt. H. Fearnley
- Pte. J. Fell (accidentally)
- „ N. Fell
- „ F. Fenwick
- „ W. Fisher
- „ H. Fitters
- „ T. Fitzsimmons
- L/Cpl. W. Fitzsimmons
- Pte. J. Fletcher
- „ J. W. Flitcroft
- „ S. Foster
- „ P. Fox
- „ W. France
- L/Cpl. S. Friend
- Pte. F. Froggart
- „ A. Fryer
- „ A. Fullard
- „ H. Fullard
- „ J. Fulwood
- „ J. Fury
- „ R. Gallagher
- „ J. R. Gardner
- „ J. Garner
- „ A. H. Garnett
- „ H. Garstang
- „ W. Garvey
- „ J. Gaskarth
- C.S.M. H. P. Gendle
- Pte. T. Gendle
- „ H. Gent (accidentally)
- „ W. Gilbert
- „ G. Gill
- „ A. Gillbanks
- L/Cpl. H. Gildea
- Pte. T. E. Gibbons
- L/Cpl. H. Glaister
- Pte. J. Glover
- „ W. Goldstan
- „ H. Gomersall
- „ J. Gooden
- „ H. Goodwin
- „ J. Goodwin
- Sgt. F. L. Gott
- Pte. S. J. Gowling
- „ F. Graham
- „ J. Greaves
- „ L. Gredy
- „ W. J. Green
- „ J. Greenhill
- „ A. Greenhow
- „ E. Greenhow
- „ H. Greenhow
- „ J. Greenhow
- „ J. Gregg
- L/Sgt. J. Gregson
- Pte. J. Grimshaw
- „ C. Grindrod
- „ H. Grisegale
- „ R. Grisedale
- „ G. Grosvenor
- „ A. Gunning
- „ H. R. Hackney
- „ W. Hague
- „ S. A. Haines
- „ E. Hall
- „ J. Halsall
- „ J. W. Hamer
- „ F. Hampson
- „ W. Hampson
- „ F. Hanley
- „ T. Hargreaves
- „ J. Harris
- „ T. Harris
- „ H. Harrison
- „ J. Harrison
- „ J. R. Harrison
- L/Cpl. R. Hartley
- Pte. T. Haskett
- „ A Hawarden
- „ E. Hatchman
- „ W. J. Hawkins
- „ H. Haworth
- „ L. Healey
- „ H. Heaton
- „ G. Helme
- „ W. G. Helmsley
- „ R. Henderson
- „ T. Henderson
- „ R. Hesketh
- „ A. Hibbert
- „ C. Higginson
- „ T. H. High
- „ E. Hillen
- Cpl. W. Hird
- Pte. W. Hitchen
- „ R. Hodgson
- L/Cpl. A. E. Hodgson
- Pte. T. Hodgson
- „ W. Hodgson
- L/Cpl. E. Hodgson
- Pte. J. E. Hodgkinson
- „ J. Hogan
- „ J. Hoggarth (accidentally)
- „ J. Holgate
- „ J. Hollingworth
- „ A. Holman
- L/Cpl. F. Holmes
- „ G. Holmes
- Pte. W. M. Holmes
- „ W. L. Holroyd
- C.S.M. R. H. Horne
- Pte. H. Horrabin
- „ E. Hoskin (accidentally)
- „ J. Hoskin
- Cpl. G. Hosking
- Pte. E. J. Hoskins
- „ J. P. Hough
- „ T. Hovington
- „ F. Howarth
- „ G. Howarth (accidentally)
- L/Cpl. T. Howarth
- Pte. W. Howarth
- L/Sgt. G. Huddleston
- Pte. Huddleston
- „ J. R. Hughes
- „ R. A. Hughes
- L/Cpl. S. Hughes
- Pte. J. E. Hunt
- „ W. Hunter
- „ J. M. Hurst
- „ A. Hutchinson
- L/Cpl. T. Hutchinson
- Pte. S. Ibbotson
- „ C. Ingram
- „ R. W. Irving
- „ J. Irwin
- „ F. Isaacs
- „ A. Isherwood
- L/Cpl. A. Jackson
- Cpl. A. Jackson
- L/Sgt. F. Jackson
- Pte. H. Jackson
- „ S. Jackson
- „ W. Jackson
- L/Cpl. W. H. Jackson
- „ W. W. Jackson
- Sgt. W. W. Jackson
- Pte. J. James
- „ T. James
- L/Cpl. F. Jeffrey
- Pte. W. J. Jeffrey
- „ W. Jenkinson
- „ J. H. Jervis
- „ J. Jines
- „ A. Johns
- „ A. Johnson
- „ A. P. Johnson
- „ G. A. Johnson
- Cpl. W. Johnston
- Pte. C. Jones
- „ E. V. Jones
- „ F. Jones
- „ F. Kay
- „ A. Kay
- „ E. Keeton
- Cpl. M. Keelan
- L/Cpl. A. Kelly
- Pte. E. Kelly
- „ J. Kelly
- „ P. R. Kemp
- „ J. Kempson
- „ J. Kendall
- „ W. Kewley
- Sgt. W. Kirby
- Pte. C. F. Kirkham
- „ H. Kinder
- Cpl. H. H. Kitchen
- Pte. J. Kitchen
- Cpl. E. Kneebone
- Pte. R. Knight
- „ R. Lamb
- L/Cpl. W. Lamb
- Pte. F. Lanning
- „ A. Lawrence
- „ H. Lawrence
- „ J. Lay
- „ S. Leach
- „ H. Leake
- „ W. Leather
- „ H. Lee
- „ F. Lees
- „ E. Lenenghan
- „ W. Lever
- „ A. Leviston
- „ A. Lewis
- „ R. Lewis
- „ V. L. Lills
- L/Cpl. J. Lingard
- Pte. R. Littler
- Cpl. W. Livesey
- „ T. E. Lloyd
- „ J. T. Loftus
- Pte. J. Lomax
- „ G. Long
- Cpl. T. Long
- Pte. W. E. Longcroft
- „ C. Longworth (accidentally)
- Cpl. O. Longworth
- Pte. R. Lonsdale
- „ J. Looms
- „ J. E. Lowden
- „ H. Lowe
- „ J. Lowery
- „ A. Lowther
- „ W. Lucas
- „ W. J. Lunt
- „ F. Mackintosh
- Sgt. W. Maden
- Pte. E. W. Magor
- „ T. Makinson
- „ M. Mannion
- „ W. Marland
- „ C. Marr
- „ S. Marr
- „ J. W. Marshall
- „ H. Marshall
- „ W. Marshall
- Cpl. H. Martin
- Pte. T. H. Martin
- „ J. Martindale
- „ T. Martindale
- „ F. Mason
- „ W. Mason
- „ A. Mawson
- Cpl. T. Mayson
- Pte. J. Meikleham
- „ J. Melia
- „ G. Melling
- L/Cpl. J. Mellor
- Pte. J. I. Menzies
- „ R. Mercer
- „ R. Merrett
- Sgt. T. H. Middleton
- Pte. D. Miller
- „ F. H. Miller
- L/Cpl. W. Miller
- Pte. G. Millett
- „ A. S. Milligan
- „ G. Milligan
- „ J. Millington
- „ A. Mills
- „ J. B. Mitchell
- L/Sgt. R. Mollard
- Pte. R. Monks
- „ W. Monks
- „ B. Moore
- „ R. Moorhouse
- „ J. Moreland
- „ J. Morgan
- „ S. Morgan
- Sgt. J. P. Morgan
- L/Cpl. A. S. Morris
- Pte. A. Morrow
- „ R. Morton
- „ L. Mountcastle
- „ J. Murphy
- „ P. J. Murphy
- „ J. P. Murphy
- „ J. Murray
- „ W. Mylchreest
- „ A. McBride (accidentally)
- „ A. McVaig
- „ R. McDonald
- „ B. McGuinness
- „ A. McKenzie
- „ F. McKeown
- „ R. McKeron
- „ A. McLaughlin
- „ D. McLaughlin
- „ J. McMahon
- „ J. McMasters
- „ S. McNa
- „ P. McPoland
- L/Cpl. A. McWilliams
- Pte. L. Nazelcop
- „ J. Neild
- „ S. Nelson
- „ R. E. Newby
- „ T. H. Newby
- Sgt. E. L. Newham
- Pte. F. J. Newling
- Sgt. E. Newton
- Pte. J. Newton
- „ F. R. Nicholas
- „ J. Nicholls
- „ C. Nickolas
- „ W. Nickolas
- L/Cpl. H. Nightingale
- Pte. D. F. Noake
- „ T. E. Noble
- „ H. Nock
- „ F. H. Nolan
- „ J. Notman
- „ J. Nottle
- „ J. H. Nunn
- „ S. Nuttall
- „ T. O’Brien
- „ G. D. Ogden
- „ G. R. Outham
- „ W. J. Orton
- „ E. Osborne
- „ W. H. Paine
- „ H. A. Palethorpe
- „ J. T. Palmer
- „ N. Palmer
- „ F. Parker
- „ G. H. Parker
- „ J. E. Parker
- „ W. Parker
- „ W. H. Parker
- „ A. W. Parkinson
- „ T. Parkinson
- „ W. Parkinson
- „ W. T. Parkinson
- Sgt. H. Parnell
- L/Cpl. J. S. Parry
- Pte. T. A. Parsons
- „ M. H. Patterson
- „ J. Pattinson
- „ J. C. Peake
- „ E. Pearson
- L/Sgt. F. Pearson
- Sgt. J. R. Pearson
- Pte. H. Perceval
- L/Cpl. H. Phillips
- Pte. J. Phillips
- „ A. Phizacklea
- „ E. Phizacklea
- Sgt. R. W. Pickin
- Pte. W. Pickles
- „ F. Pickthall(accidentally)
- „ J. Pierson
- „ A. Pilkington
- „ J. Pilkington
- „ A. Pill
- „ R. Pipe
- „ W. Pinch
- „ J. H. Platt
- „ J. Pollitt
- „ J. Porter
- „ J. W. Porter
- Cpl. M. J. Porter
- Pte. J. Postlethwaite
- „ J. Preston
- „ T. Preston
- „ D. Preston
- „ C. J. Price
- „ H. Price
- „ A. Priestley
- „ J. Pritchard
- „ R. Proctor
- „ H. Proudfoot
- „ T. Purcell
- L/Cpl. J. Purviss
- Pte. A. B. Pyle
- Dr. G. Quigley
- Pte. P. Quinn
- „ G. Radford
- „ J. Rafferty
- „ H. Railton
- „ J. Ralph
- „ J. Ramsbottom
- „ W. Ranger
- „ H. Ratcliffe
- „ G. J. Rawlinson
- „ G. Read
- „ W. Reddicliffe
- Sgt. A. Redman
- Cpl. S. W. Redman
- Pte. J. Reeve
- „ T. Rennison
- „ E. Retallick
- „ A. Rhodes
- Sgt. F. Richardson
- Pte. S. Richardson
- „ C. Riddle
- „ H. Riding
- „ W. Ridings
- „ T. E. Ridley
- „ H. Rigg (accidentally)
- „ H. Rimmer
- „ J. Roberts
- „ W. J. Roberts
- Sgt. F. Robertson
- Pte. E. Robinson
- „ E. G. Robinson
- „ W. Robinson
- „ F. Robson
- „ W. Rockcliffe
- „ J. Rogerson
- „ W. Roebuck
- „ A. Rollinson
- L/Cpl. G. Rorison
- Pte. R. Rorison
- „ F. Rose
- „ S. V. Rose
- Cpl. T. Rose
- Pte. J. Round
- „ A. Rowe
- „ S. Rowe
- „ S. J. Rowe
- „ A. Rusconi
- „ F. Rush
- „ W. Rushton
- „ G. W. Rylands
- „ H. Sadler
- „ J. Sanderson
- „ J. Sandilands
- „ F. W. Sarrett
- „ A. Saunders
- „ F. W. Saunders
- Cpl. E. Savage
- Pte. J. Savage
- „ E. Scall
- „ W. Schofield
- „ J. Scholes
- „ W. Scott
- „ T. Scrogham
- „ W. Scrogham
- „ J. Sharples
- L/Cpl. H. Shaw
- Pte. H. Shaw
- „ L. Shaw
- L/Sgt. H. Shelley
- Pte. B. Shepherd
- L/Cpl. J. T. Shepherd
- Pte. T. Shepherd
- „ R. Simm
- L/Cpl. G. Simpson
- Pte. R. Simpson
- „ S. Simpson
- „ P. Singleton
- „ E. Slater
- Cpl. R. Slater
- Pte. W. Slater
- „ J. E. Slinger
- „ T. Small
- „ B. Smith
- „ G. Smith
- „ Jas. Smith (accidentally)
- „ J. Smith
- „ J. Smith
- L/Sgt. J. Smith
- Cpl. J. D. Smith
- Pte. H. Smith
- „ N. Smith
- „ T. Smith
- „ W. Smith
- L/Cpl. W. H. Smith
- Pte. J. D. Speakman
- „ S. Spencer
- „ L. Springthorpe
- „ G. Sprout
- „ H. Sprout
- „ J. Sprout
- „ T. Stables
- „ J. Steel
- L/Cpl. W. Steel
- Pte. F. Steele
- „ W. Steele
- „ J. Stenchion
- „ L. G. Stephens
- L/Cpl. E. Stephenson
- Pte. J. Stephenson
- „ W. Stevens
- „ C. Stewart
- „ R. Stirrup
- „ W. Stone
- Cpl. C. D. Stops
- Pte. F. Storey
- „ H. Stott
- „ B. Stowe
- „ G. Strickland
- „ W. Summerson
- „ L. Swainson
- C.S.M. A. Sweeney
- Pte. D. Talbot
- L/Cpl. A. V. Taylor
- „ J. Taylor
- Sgt. L. C. Taylor
- Pte. M. Taylor
- „ T. Taylor
- „ W. W. Taylor
- „ A. Tennant
- „ R. Terry
- „ G. F. Tevevdale
- „ E. E. Thomas
- „ A. Thompson
- „ F. Thompson
- „ G. T. Thompson
- „ J. G. Thompson
- L/Cpl. J. H. Thompson
- Pte. R. Thompson
- „ R. S. Thompson
- „ W. W. Thompson
- Cpl. W. Thompson
- Pte. W. Thompson
- „ F. T. Thorley
- „ J. M. Thornley
- „ W. Thornborough
- Sgt. F. J. Threblecock
- Pte. W. Threlfall
- „ J. H. Tildesley
- „ W. Tindall
- „ J. Tinsley
- „ W. Tinsley
- L/Cpl. J. W. Tomlinson
- Pte. J. W. Tomlinson
- „ R. Tomlinson
- „ W. Tomlinson
- „ J. Tooney
- „ A. Topley
- „ J. Towers
- „ J. Tucker
- „ W. J. Tullock
- „ F. Turner
- „ T. Turner
- „ W. Turner
- „ C. Tyson
- Sgt. J. J. Tyson
- Pte. A. Venables
- Sgt. E. Vent
- Pte. A. E. Vickers
- „ R. Vickers
- „ W. Vinton
- „ F. Wain
- „ F. Waitson
- „ G. H. Wakefield
- „ J. Wakefield
- „ W. G. Wakefield
- „ D. Walker
- „ T. Walker
- „ W. Walker
- „ W. J. Walker
- „ T. Wall
- „ R. Wallace
- „ G. A. Walmsley
- „ R. Walmsley
- „ T. Walmsley
- „ J. Warburton
- „ H. Ward
- „ A. Wardle
- „ C. E. Warren
- „ A. Wassall
- „ G. Watkinson
- „ W. J. Watson
- „ R. Weaver
- „ F. Webster
- „ P. Webster
- Sgt. P. J. Wells
- Pte. P. Wesencroft
- „ C. Whalley
- L/Cpl. A. G. White
- Sgt. A. G. White
- Pte. E. C. Whiteley
- L/Cpl. R. A. Whiteman
- Pte. J. F. Whittaker
- „ R. Whittle
- „ J. Whottan
- „ F. Wiggins
- „ T. Wignall
- „ W. J. Wignall
- „ R. Wilcock
- „ E. Wild
- „ J. Wilding
- „ T. Wilkinson
- „ T. W. Wilkinson
- „ W. Wilkinson
- „ C. Williams
- „ F. Williams
- Cpl. H. Williams
- „ H. C. Williams
- Pte. J. Williams
- „ R. B. Williams
- „ S. Williams
- „ W. Williams
- „ W. Williamson
- „ G. B. Wilson
- „ H. Wilson
- „ J. T. Wilson
- „ J. H. Wilson
- L/Cpl. H. Wilson
- „ J. H. Wilson
- Cpl. J. Wilson
- Pte. P. Wilson
- „ J. Winder
- C.S.M. W. H. Winder
- L/Cpl. P. H. Wintle
- Pte. E. F. Wood
- L/Cpl. W. Wood
- Pte. E. Woodburn
- „ F. G. Woodburn
- „ W. Woodburn
- „ W. Woodend
- „ C. W. Woodhead
- „ E. Woodhouse
- „ J. Woodruff
- „ T. Woods
- Cpl. J. Woodward
- Pte. S. Woodward
- L/Sgt. W. J. Woodward
- Pte. W. Woof
- „ E. Worth
- „ W. Worthington
- „ A. J. Wright
- L/Sgt. T. Wright
- Pte. B. Wyld
- „ F. Yarwood
- „ R. A. Young
-
-
-
-
- APPENDIX “G.”
-
- RANK AND FILE.
-
-
- MISSING--REPORTED DEAD.
-
- Pte. P. Allen
- „ N. Athersmith
- „ I. Atkinson
- L/Cpl. F. Baines
- Cpl. E. W. Barrow
- Pte. J. H. Barrow
- Cpl. G. Bell
- Pte. T. Blezard
- „ L. Bowker
- „ W. A. Bradley
- „ J. Brownlow
- „ J. Cameron
- L/Cpl. R. Clark
- Pte. T. Clark
- „ E. Colley
- „ J. Cowell
- „ H. Cross
- „ C. E. Crossley
- L/Cpl. R. Dobson
- „ W. Douglas
- Pte. J. Ellis
- „ W. Finch
- „ F. Futtes
- „ J. Halligan
- „ E. Hamblett
- „ J. Hart
- Cpl. N. Hill
- Pte. J. Hird
- „ J. Hodges
- „ S. Hough
- „ A. Hulme
- „ G. James
- „ F. Jenkinson
- Cpl. B. A. Lirby
- Pte. G. Liddle
- „ J. Littleford
- „ A. Loftus
- „ A. Morris
- L/Cpl. T. H. Newby
- Pte. J. Owen
- „ H. Park
- „ R. Postlethwaite
- „ J. H. Proctor
- L/Cpl. J. Robinson
- Pte. J. Simm
- „ T. Simpson
- „ W. Smith
- „ H. J. Snaith
- „ G. A. Stenhouse
- „ E. Stewart
- L/Cpl. W. J. Strode
- Pte. W. Swarbrick
- Sgt. J. Thistlethwaite
- Pte. T. M. Timperley
- „ C. H. Turner
- „ W. West
- „ H. Wilkins
- „ T. Williams
- „ S. J. Willis
- „ A. Wilson
-
-
- WOUNDED AND PRISONERS.
-
-
- Pte. R. Allen
- Sgt. F. W. Canby
- Pte. G. Grosvenor
- „ J. W. Harrall
- Cpl. T. Hird
- Pte. T. Leck
- „ M. Newby
- „ S. Scotchford
- „ J. Smith
- „ T. Smith
- „ W. Tomlinson
- „ G. Wilson
-
-
- WOUNDED AND MISSING.
-
- Pte. A. Bell
- „ T. Bell
- „ T. Bowen
- L/Cpl. J. Dickie
- Pte. R. Garnett
- „ J. H. Hall
- Cpl. T. Hird
- Pte. W. Leviston
- „ J. Logan
- „ H. Metters
- „ H. Newby
- Sgt. F. N. Postlethwaite
- Pte. R. Prisk
- „ I. T. Rowse
- „ E. H. Shelton
- „ H. Sprout
- „ W. Sykes
- Cpl. N. H. Taylor
- Pte. F. Williams
- „ J. J. Wilshaw
- „ G. H. Wright
-
-
- MISSING.
-
-
- Sgt. J. Amos
- Pte. J. C. Anson
- „ H. W. Ashworth
- „ J. Ashworth
- „ A. Atkinson
- Cpl. T. Atkinson
- Pte. J. Atherton
- „ J. B. Atherton
- „ A. T. Barron
- „ J. Barton
- „ R. Bashall
- „ A. V. Bell
- „ A. Bennett
- „ F. Berry
- „ S. Berry
- „ T. B. Blake
- „ H. Boothman
- Sgt. H. Bradley
- Pte. J. H. Bradley
- „ L. Bray
- „ F. Briggs
- „ E. H. Brocklebank
- „ J. T. Brocklebank
- „ R. Brown
- „ R. Burrow
- „ J. Burrows
- „ J. Capstick
- „ G. Caton
- „ P. Chadderton
- „ W. Clark
- Sgt. B. Clarke
- Pte. C. Clarkson
- „ J. Clough
- „ J. H. Conning
- „ W. B. Cowper
- „ A. Crabb
- „ J. Craig
- „ A. Crammon
- „ E. Cross
- „ A. J. Crossling
- „ W. Crowther
- „ J. Cubitt
- „ S. Date
- „ T. A. Davies
- „ T. W. Davies
- „ B. Dixon
- „ J. Downham
- „ H. Doyle
- „ J. Dunn
- „ G. H. Durham
- „ A. Earnshaw
- „ J. E. Fawcett
- „ J. Fletcher
- „ A. Fox
- „ L. Fox
- „ C. W. Frearson
- „ T. Gamble
- L/Sgt. G. Grafton
- Pte. G. Graveson (Prisoner)
- „ H. Green
- „ J. B. Greenwood
- „ M. Grigg
- „ T. Hacking
- Sgt. A. A. Hall
- Pte. J. E. Harrison
- „ W. Harrison
- „ J. Hartley
- „ J. H. Hartley
- „ A. H. Hatton
- „ W. Hodgson
- „ R. Horne
- „ A. E. Hoult
- L/Cpl. T. Howcroft
- Pte. T. W. Huck
- „ J. H. Hudson
- L/Cpl. P. L. Hunter
- Pte. J. W. Ireland
- L/Cpl. E. Jackson
- Pte. R. James
- „ T. Jesson
- „ A. E. Johnson
- „ C. Johnson
- „ W. E. Johnson
- „ E. Jones
- „ J. L. Jones
- „ J. Kenny
- „ T. Leck
- „ W. Lee
- „ A. Lord
- „ J. Lorraine
- „ W. Lowe
- „ T. Lowery
- „ W. J. Lowther
- „ F. Mallon
- L/Cpl. L. Marsden
- „ F. Marwood
- Pte. T. Martin
- „ J. Mayor
- Cpl. J. Miller
- Pte. T. Mitchell
- „ I. Moore
- „ A. Moorey
- „ H. B. Mortimer
- „ A. L. McDonald
- „ T. McGuire
- „ T. McKitten
- „ B. E. Neave
- „ J. Nelson
- „ R. Newsham
- „ W. Nicholson
- „ W. Nutter
- „ J. O’Brien
- L/Cpl. A. J. Orders
- Pte. J. Orme
- „ C. R. Park
- „ J. Park
- „ W. Parry
- „ F. C. Pearce
- „ F. Pickthall
- „ F. Porter
- „ C. Prince
- „ R. Ralston
- „ J. Remmington
- „ E. Rimmer
- „ W. Rimmer
- „ D. Roberts
- „ H. Roberts
- „ P. C. Roberts
- „ E. G. Robinson
- Sgt. H. Robinson
- L/Cpl. H. Sanderson
- Pte. J. H. Saville
- „ J. Schofield
- L/Cpl. J. Seabridge
- Pte. W. Soddon
- „ T. Spencer
- „ W. J. Sprout
- „ J. Steele
- „ W. H. Steenson
- „ A. J. Taylor
- Sgt. S. Taylor
- Pte. J. Theobald
- „ J. Threlfall
- L/Cpl. E. Topping
- Pte. A. Turner
- „ T. Turner
- „ A. C. Vass
- „ A. Walker
- „ J. Walker
- „ F. Walpole
- L/Cpl. F. C. Wenham
- Pte. R. Whipp
- „ T. H. E. Whitehead
- „ T. Whitworth
- L/Cpl. J. Wilkinson
- Pte. T. Wilkinson
- „ C. Williams
- „ S. Williams
- Cpl. C. Wilson
- Pte. G. Wilson
- „ J. Winder
- „ P. Wood
- „ E. Woodburn
- „ R. Worrall
- Sgt. W. Worthington
- Pte. F. Wright
-
-
- PRISONERS OF WAR.
-
- Cpl. T. Atkinson
- Pte. J. H. Athersmith
- „ J. Atherton
- „ H. W. Ashworth
- Sgt. T. Amos
- L/Cpl. E. D. Askew
- Pte. J. Athersmith
- L/Cpl. R. Bradshaw
- L/Sgt. P. Baines
- Pte. E. H. Brocklebank
- „ H. Billington
- L/Cpl. W. Baxter
- Pte. T. Bowen
- „ C. E. Barton
- „ T. E. Baxter
- Sgt. H. Bradley
- Pte. R. G. Baxter
- „ F. Baines
- „ P. Blezard
- „ S. Boundy
- „ L. Bray
- „ H. Bennett
- „ J. H. Bradley
- „ J. Barton
- „ A. F. Barron
- „ H. Berry
- „ J. Baglin
- „ R. Burrow
- Sgt. J. Borwick
- Pte. R. G. Barrow
- Cpl. F. Barker
- Pte. W. Brammall
- „ W. Barratt
- „ J. Clegg
- „ E. Clarke
- „ J. Clough
- „ T. Conroy
- „ M. Conway
- „ G. W. Cole
- „ T. Cookson
- „ J. Capstick
- „ C. Clarkson
- „ J. R. Chadwick
- „ A. J. Crossing
- „ P. Chadderton
- „ E. Cross
- „ J. H. Conning
- „ J. Craven
- „ W. Crowther
- „ T. W. Davies
- „ E. Douglass
- „ J. A. Dixon
- „ E. Dickinson
- „ B. Darcey
- „ A. E. Davies
- „ T. A. Davis
- „ R. Dent
- „ A. Dickson
- „ F. Evans
- „ A. Evans
- „ R. Eastwood
- „ A. Earnshaw
- „ J. J. B. Edgar
- Cpl. J. B. Edgar
- Pte. R. Elroy
- „ L. Fox
- „ W. Forbes
- Cpl. J. Fairhurst
- Pte. G. Graveson
- „ W. Gordon
- Cpl. W. Galamean
- Pte. J. Goldsmith
- „ G. Golding
- „ W. H. Gaffney
- L/Cpl. H. Green
- Pte. J. Gilmore
- „ F. Gamble
- „ A. W. Gould
- „ J. B. Greenwood
- Sgt. G. Grafton
- Pte. W. Harrison
- „ H. V. Hudson
- „ P. Howarth
- L/Cpl. F. Hardman
- Pte. J. Howarth
- „ S. Holt
- „ W. Hodgson
- „ B. Horn
- „ E. Harper
- „ E. Hill
- „ R. Helme (Died)
- „ T. Hacking
- „ P. L. Hunter
- „ A. E. Hoult
- L/Sgt. A. G. Hall
- Pte. H. J. Hall
- Cpl. J. Irving
- Pte. E. Jones (Died)
- „ J. H. Jackson (Died)
- „ J. L. Jones (Died)
- „ R. Jones
- „ J. F. Jones
- „ J. Jesson
- Cpl. R. Johnson
- Pte. E. Jackson
- „ J. Kelly
- „ G. W. Kelton
- „ F. Knapp
- „ J. Kenny
- „ J. Lees
- Cpl. J. Lindsay
- Pte. R. Lawton
- „ F. Lindsay
- Cpl. H. Lister
- Pte. W. Lee
- L/Cpl. J. Lowe
- Pte. F. W. Lane
- „ J. Lingard
- „ W. Lackey
- „ W. Lowery (Died)
- „ T. Lowery
- „ J. Moore
- L/Cpl. I. F. Marwood
- Pte. W. McNeill
- „ K. Memory
- „ J. McDonald
- „ J. Maxwell
- „ A. Moorey
- Sgt. W. Marshall
- Pte. T. McGuire
- „ I. McKitten
- „ B. B. Mortimer
- „ T. Mayor
- „ J. Nicholson
- „ F. J. Nicholls
- „ B. E. Neave
- „ W. Nicholson
- „ R. Orrell
- „ E. O’Neill
- „ G. E. Park
- „ W. A. Peach
- „ C. Prince
- „ J. G. Pinkney
- „ J. Park
- „ W. A. Pepper
- „ W. Parry
- „ H. Rigg
- Sgt. H. Robinson
- Pte. E. W. Rimmer
- „ R. H. Reay
- „ R. Ralston
- „ W. Rimmer
- „ E. H. Roberts
- „ H. Skirrow
- „ F. Stephenson
- L/Cpl. W. Shirt
- Sgt. F. Sherley
- L/Cpl. W. H. Steel
- „ H. Sanderson
- Pte. R. Simpson
- „ W. Seddon
- L/Cpl. J. Steel
- „ A. Seabridge
- Pte. W. Sharpe
- „ W. Troughton
- Cpl. F. H. Turner
- Pte. W. Shipperbottom (Died)
- „ A. J. Taylor
- „ W. H. Turner
- Pte. A. Turner
- L/Cpl. C. E. Taylor
- Pte. R. Taylor
- „ E. F. Topping
- „ J. Theobald
- L/Sgt. W. Travis
- Pte. J. Unsworth
- „ A. C. Vass
- L/Cpl. A. Whittle
- Pte. J. Waltho
- „ T. Williams
- „ J. J. Woodruff
- „ J. Worsley
- „ T. H. E. Whitehead
- „ E. S. Wood (Died)
- „ F. Ward
- „ J. Winder
- „ W. L. Williams
- „ J. Woodruffe
- Sgt. C. Williams
- Pte. C. W. Wells
- L/Cpl. J. Wilkinson
- Pte. R. Worrall
- „ A. Walker
- „ T. Whitworth
- Sgt. W. Worthington
- Pte. G. R. C. Weedon
-
-
-
-
- APPENDIX “H.”
-
- RANK AND FILE--AWARDS.
-
-
- VICTORIA CROSS.
-
- L/Sgt. T. F. Mayson
- Cpl. J. Hewitson
-
-
- MILITARY CROSS.
-
- C.S.M. R. A. Williams
- Sgt. W. Bell
-
-
- DISTINGUISHED CONDUCT MEDAL.
-
- Sgt. J. S. Owen
- Cpl. A. E. Graves
- Sgt. R. Adamson
- Sgt. A. J. Burton
- L/Sgt. G. Johnston
- Cpl. H. Martin
- L/Cpl. J. Carrick
- Sgt. J. M. Cross
- „ J. R. Pearson
- „ G. Huddleston
- Sgt. W. H. Farish
- Pte. C. S. Milton
- C.S.M. D. Graham
- „ J. B. Cook
- Sgt. H. Dickinson, M.M.
-
-
- MILITARY MEDAL.
-
- Pte. A. E. Ashburn
- Cpl. T. Balderston
- Pte. T. Binns
- Sgt. J. Birkett
- Pte. R. Bradley
- „ J. Bussingham
- Cpl. R. Carruthers
- „ J. Carton
- Sgt. T. J. Chapple
- L/Cpl. T. Chester
- Pte. J. Cooley
- L/Cpl. C. F. Cooper
- Pte. T. Cross (and Bar)
- Cpl. C. W. Crichton
- L/Cpl. W. Danson
- L/Sgt. H. Dickinson, D.C.M.
- Sgt. H. Fearnley
- Pte. H. Green
- „ H. Helme
- L/Cpl. G. Hewartson
- L/Cpl. R. F. Hinde
- C.Q.M.S. W. G. Hinds
- C.S.M. G. Holme
- Sgt. A. C. Holmes
- „ A. H. Jackson
- Cpl. F. Jackson
- Sgt. R. N. Jackson
- „ R. Lockey
- Pte. L. Marsden
- „ G. Mackereth
- Sgt. T. H. Middleton (and Bar)
- „ A. Morris
- „ H. Myers
- Pte. J. McAlarney
- L/Cpl. W. McGill
- Pte. W. Nicholson
- Sgt. H. Parnell
- Sgt. H. W. Perceval
- Pte. G. Poskitt
- Sgt. T. G. Rathbone
- Pte. E. Redpath
- „ E. G. Robinson
- Sgt. T. Robinson
- Cpl. F. A. Sherley
- L/Sgt. H. Smith
- Pte. P. Stalker
- „ H. Stott
- „ R. Taylor
- „ J. W. Thomas
- L/Cpl. H. Q. Towers
- Cpl. P. J. Vernoun
- Pte. G. Wakefield
- „ G. H. Watson
- Sgt. W. T. Whiteside
- Pte. J. Wild
- L/Sgt. T. Wright
-
-
- MENTIONED IN DESPATCHES.
-
- C.S.M. W. Bell
- Sgt. J. Coward
- „ W. Hayhurst
- Sgt. R. N. Jackson
- A/R.S.M. J. Way
- L/Cpl. P. Baines
- L/Cpl. T. Jackson
- Pte. J.A. Kitchen
-
-
- BRONZE MEDAL FOR MILITARY VALOUR.
-
- C.S.M. R. Walker
-
-
- BELGIAN CROIX-DE-GUERRE.
-
- Sgt. G. B. Collins
-
-
- MERITORIOUS SERVICE MEDAL.
-
- R.Q.M.S. W. Clark
- Sgt. S. Hinds
- Sgt. W. Rickwood
-
-
-
-
- APPENDIX “I.”
-
- _Extract from the Supplement dated 28th June, 1918,
- to the “London Gazette” dated 25th June, 1918._
-
-
-WAR OFFICE, 28TH JUNE, 1918.
-
-His Majesty The King has been graciously pleased to approve of
-the award of the Victoria Cross to the undermentioned Officers,
-Non-Commissioned Officers and Men:--
-
- * * * * *
-
- 2nd Lieut. JOSEPH HENRY COLLIN, late Royal Lancaster
- Regiment.
-
-For most conspicuous bravery, devotion to duty and self-sacrifice in
-action.
-
-After offering a long and gallant resistance against heavy odds in
-the Keep held by his platoon, this officer, with only five of his men
-remaining, slowly withdrew in the face of superior numbers, contesting
-every inch of the ground. The enemy were pressing him hard with bombs
-and machine gun fire from close range. Single-handed 2nd Lieutenant
-Collin attacked the machine gun and team. After firing his revolver
-into the enemy, he seized a Mills grenade and threw it into the hostile
-team, putting the gun out of action, killing four of the team and
-wounding two others. Observing a second hostile machine gun firing, he
-took a Lewis gun, and selecting a high point of vantage on the parapet
-whence he could engage the gun, he, unaided, kept the enemy at bay
-until he fell mortally wounded.
-
-The heroic self-sacrifice of 2nd Lieutenant Collin was a magnificent
-example to all.
-
-
-
-
- APPENDIX “J.”
-
- _Extract from the Supplement dated 14th September, 1917,
- to the “London Gazette” dated 14th September, 1917._
-
-
-WAR OFFICE, 14TH SEPTEMBER, 1917.
-
-His Majesty The King has been graciously pleased to approve of
-the award of the Victoria Cross to the undermentioned Officers,
-Non-Commissioned Officers, and Men:--
-
- * * * * *
-
- No. 200717, Corpl. (L/Sgt.) TOM FLETCHER MAYSON, Royal
- Lancaster Regiment (Silecroft, Cumberland).
-
-For most conspicuous bravery and devotion to duty when with the leading
-wave of the attack his platoon was held up by machine gun fire from a
-flank.
-
-Without waiting for orders, L/Sgt. Mayson at once made for the gun,
-which he put out of action with bombs, wounding four of the team. The
-remaining three of the team fled, pursued by L/Sgt. Mayson to a dugout
-into which he followed them, and disposed of them with his bayonet.
-
-Later, when clearing up a strong point, this non-commissioned officer
-again tackled a machine gun single-handed, killing six of the team.
-
-Finally, during an enemy counter-attack, he took charge of an isolated
-post, and successfully held it till ordered to withdraw as his
-ammunition was exhausted.
-
-He displayed throughout the most remarkable valour and initiative.
-
-
-
-
- APPENDIX “K.”
-
- _Extract from the Supplement dated 28th June, 1918, to
- the “London Gazette” dated 25th June, 1918._
-
-
-THE WAR OFFICE, 28TH JUNE, 1918.
-
-His Majesty The King has been graciously pleased to approve of
-the award of the Victoria Cross to the undermentioned Officers,
-Non-Commissioned Officers, and Men:--
-
- * * * * *
-
- No. 15883, Lance-Corporal JAMES HEWITSON, Royal
- Lancaster Regiment (Coniston).
-
-For most conspicuous bravery, initiative and daring in action.
-
-In a daylight attack on a series of crater posts, L/Cpl. Hewitson
-led his party to their objective with dash and vigour, clearing the
-enemy from both trench and dugouts, killing in one dugout six of the
-enemy who would not surrender. After capturing the final objective,
-he observed a hostile machine gun team coming into action against his
-men. Working his way round the edge of the crater he attacked the team,
-killing four and capturing one. Shortly afterwards he engaged a hostile
-bombing party, which was attacking a Lewis gun post. He routed the
-party, killing six of them.
-
-The extraordinary feats of daring performed by this gallant N.C.O.
-crushed the hostile opposition at this point.
-
-
-
-
- INDEX.
-
-
- Albert, 34
-
- Albert, King of the Belgians, 135
-
- Albert, H.R.H. Prince, 135
-
- Alexander, Lieut. J. C., 77, 83, 89
-
- Anniversary, Third, 55th Divn., 135
-
- Armistice Day at Leuze, 133
-
- Artillery support inadequate, 28
-
- Ashburn, Pte. A. E., 102
-
- Authuille, 43
-
- Aveluy, 35
-
- Awards, Officers (App.)
-
- Awards, Rank and File (App.)
-
-
- Barrow, Capt. J. V. (App.)
-
- Barrow-in-Furness, 8
-
- Bathing, 29
-
- Barnes, Major N. E., 22, 42, 51, 52, 136
-
- Barratt, Capt. W. D., 50, 52
-
- Balfour, Lt. Col. G. B., 56, 67, 75, 85, 93, 102, 131
-
- Bates, L/Cpl., 46
-
- Bedford, 14
-
- B.E.F., Embarkation, 14
-
- Berguette, 16, 32
-
- Béthune, 17
-
- Bell, Sgt. W., 25, 26
-
- Belgian Croix-de-Guerre (App.)
-
- Birling, Gap, 14
-
- Bigland, Lieut. G., 24
-
- Boulogne, 15
-
- Bombs, Home Made, 21
-
- Bouzincourt, 33
-
- Bowman, 2nd-Lt., 46
-
- Bonningues-les-Ardres, 92
-
- Blain, Capt. T. R., 104
-
- Blamont Trenches, 53
-
- Brocklebank, Major H. A., 45, 50, 55, 75, 78, 89
-
- Bretencourt, 53
-
- Bradley, 2nd-Lt. R., 89
-
- Brockman, 2nd-Lt. A. J., 63
-
- Bronze Medal for Military Valour (App.)
-
- Brussels, 135
-
- Burton, Sgt. A., 101
-
-
- Casualties, G.W.R., 10
-
- Casualties, Officers (App.)
-
- Casualties, Rank and File (App.)
-
- Calonne-sur-la-Lys, 16
-
- Carrick, Pte. J., 39
-
- Carleton, Lt. Col. F. M., 43, 53, 56
-
- Caddy, Capt. J., 45, 53
-
- Caddy, Sgt. M., 79
-
- Candas, 51
-
- Chevening Park, 12
-
- Chislehurst Guard, 13
-
- Chapman, Lieut. C. G., 38, 51
-
- Christmas at Reclinghem, 108
-
- Chester, L/Cpl. T. (App.), 102
-
- Civilian Snipers, 30
-
- Clarke, Capt. J. A. T., 45, 56, 78
-
- Clark, Lieut. A. M., 66, 104
-
- Cornet Malo, 19
-
- Comforts from Home, 43
-
- Corless, 2nd-Lt., 50
-
- Cooper, L/Cpl. C. F., 83
-
- Collin, 2nd-Lt. J. H. (App.) I
-
- Crossley, Lieut. J., 81
-
- Craters Attack, 120
-
- Croix-de-Guerre, Belgian (App.)
-
- Cuckmere Haven, 14
-
-
- Dane, 2nd-Lt. R. S. (App.), 101, 135
-
- Dartnell, 2nd-Lt. A. J. (App.), 101, 104
-
- Derby, Earl of, K.G., 135
-
- Despatches--
- Mentioned in, Officers (App.)
- Rank and File (App.)
-
- Discipline, strained on G.W.R., 11
-
- Disappointment when left behind, 15
-
- Dixon, L/Cpl. T., 25
-
- Dixon, Driver “Dorcas”, 44
-
- Died of Wounds--
- Officers (App.)
- Rank and File (App.)
-
- Distinguished Conduct Medal (App.)
-
- Distinguished Service Order (App.)
-
- Dobbs, L/Cpl. H., 102
-
- Dungeness, 14
-
-
- East Lancs. Brigade, Possible transfer, 11
-
- Edwards, Brig. General, 41
-
- Egypt, possible destination, 11
-
- Ellwood, Lieut., 88, 93
-
- Elverdinghe, 78
-
- Embarkation for France, 14
-
- Equipment, New, Bedford, 14
-
- Equitation, 11, 49
-
- Estaires, 31
-
- Evans, Major J. H., 81, 92, 94
-
-
- Ferme-du-Bois, 18
-
- Festubert Attack, 22
-
- Ferns, 2nd-Lt., 56, 66
-
- Ferguson, 2nd-Lt. G. W. (App.), 101
-
- Fifty-First Division, 48
-
- Fifty-Fifth Division, 48
-
- Fisher, Capt. John (App.), 45
-
- Fisher, 2nd-Lt. James (App.), 55
-
- Field, 2nd-Lt. G. (App.), 101, 104
-
- Folkestone, 15
-
- Ford, Lieut. C. W. (App.), 77, 89
-
- Fromelles, 16
-
-
- Gardner, Lt. Col. R. (App.), 22, 24, 70, 77, 84, 93, 124, 132, 133,
- 136
-
- Gatchell, Lieut. J. H. C. (App.), 46
-
- Gaulter, 2nd-Lt. J. R. (App.), 89
-
- Gendle, C.S.M., 55
-
- Gilling, 2nd-Lt. F. C. (App.), 89
-
- Givenchy, 110
-
- Glenie, 2nd-Lt. G. R. (App.), 69
-
- Gough, 2nd-Lt. B. H. (App.), 100
-
- Graham, C.S.M., 101
-
- Great Western Railway, 9
-
- Gribble, 2nd-Lt. (App.), 88
-
-
- Havre, 15
-
- Ham-en-Artois, 16
-
- Harper, Major-General, 29, 41
-
- Hart, 2nd-Lt. (App.), 79
-
- Haslam, 2nd-Lt. E. (App.), 93
-
- Hatcher, 2nd-Lt. R. G. (App.), 93, 97
-
- Hewitt, Lieut. E. (App.), 24
-
- Hénencourt, 40
-
- Hibbert, Brig. General, 7, 41
-
- Highland Division, 48
-
- Hilton, 2nd-Lt. (App.), 66
-
- Higginson, 2nd-Lt. R. W. (App.), 101, 136
-
- Hinds, C.Q.M.S., 102
-
- His Majesty The King, 134
-
- Hodgkinson, 2nd-Lt. H. H. (App.), 38, 42, 49, 66
-
- Holmes, Pte. “Jerry”, 56
-
- Howard, 2nd-Lt. E. D. (App.), 93
-
- Howard, 2nd-Lt. C. G. (App.), 97
-
- Holland, 2nd-Lt. C. J. (App.), 101
-
- Horne, Capt. R. H. (App.), 136
-
- Horne, General Sir H. S., 109
-
- Holmes, 2nd-Lt. (App.), 113
-
- Huthwaite, Capt. H. Y. (App.), 54, 66, 77, 78
-
- Hunter-Weston, General Sir A., 79
-
- Hunter, 2nd-Lt. (App.), 118, 119
-
- Hewitson, Cpl. J. (App.)
-
-
- Indian Native Troops, 16
-
- Ireland, 9
-
-
- Jackson, Capt V. A. (App.), 42, 66
-
- Jackson, Pte. H., 75
-
- Jackson, 2nd-Lt. (App.), 66
-
- Jeudwine, Major Gen. Sir H., 48, 54, 57, 67, 104, 135
-
- Johnstone, 2nd-Lt. (App.), 57, 89
-
-
- Keighley, 2nd-Lt. L. R. (App.), 100, 104
-
- Keller, 2nd-Lt. (App.), 41, 55
-
- King Albert of the Belgians, 135
-
- Kirkby Lonsdale, 7
-
- “Kitchener’s Army”, 17, 37
-
- Killed in Action--
- Officers (App.)
- Rank and File (App.)
-
- Knole Park, 12
-
-
- La Gorgue, 17, 30
-
- Laventie, 27
-
- La Boiselle, 36, 38
-
- Lambercourt, 68
-
- Lawson, 2nd-Lt. (App.), 66
-
- Lancashire Fusilier Officers, 77
-
- Lauder, 2nd-Lt. (App.), 88
-
- Latham, 2nd-Lt. (App.), 88, 101
-
- Le Touret, 19, 26
-
- Leave from France, 37
-
- Leslie, Lieut. B. A. (App.), 38, 67
-
- Leuze, 133
-
- Little, Major R. P. (App.), 46
-
- Lincey, 2nd-Lt. (App.), 60
-
- Lingford, 2nd-Lt. G. C. (App.), 96
-
- Locon, 17
-
- Longpré, 48
-
- Longavesnes, 100
-
- Lonsdale, 2nd-Lt. (App.), 88
-
- Lockey, Cpl. E., 102
-
- Lyon, 2nd-Lt. (App.), 113
-
-
- Margate, 13
-
- Martin, L/Cpl. H., 39
-
- Martinsart, 38
-
- Mayson, Sgt. T. F. (App.), 87, 94
-
- Mawson, Major J. M. (App.), 50
-
- Mackay, 2nd-Lt. J. (App.), 101, 104
-
- Masters, Cpl. W., 101
-
- Meteren, 17
-
- Méricourt-Ribemont, 32, 59
-
- Meyler, 2nd-Lt. E. D. M. (App.), 38
-
- Metcalf, 2nd-Lt. L. (App.), 66
-
- Metcalfe, 2nd-Lt. (App.), 66
-
- Mentioned in Despatches--
- Officers (App.)
- Rank and File (App.)
-
- Meritorious Service Medal (App.)
-
- McCall, 2nd-Lt. W. B. (App.)
-
- McClinton, 2nd-Lt. (App.)
-
- McAlarney, Pte. J., 83
-
- McGill, 2nd-Lt. J. A. (App.), 89
-
- McAndrew, 2nd-Lt. W. (App.), 101
-
- Middleton, Capt. T. H. (App.), 50, 70, 75, 89
-
- Missing--
- Officers (App.)
- Rank and File (App.)
-
- Millom Men excel, 43
-
- Milton, Pte. C., 75
-
- Military Cross--
- Officers (App.)
- Warrant Officers (App.)
- Medal (App.)
-
- Mobilization, 7
-
- Moulle, 81
-
- Morrell, Capt. R. D’A. (App.), 66
-
- Musketry, 12
-
- Munition Workers, 15
-
- Mudie, Lieut. (App.), 75, 77, 93
-
- Myatt, 2nd-Lt. (App.), 50
-
- Myers, Sgt. H., 102
-
-
- Neill, Capt. W. C. (App.), 53, 55, 56
-
- New Army in France, 17, 37
-
- Newbold, 2nd-Lt. C. H. (App.), 88, 97
-
- Nicholson, Pte. W., 75
-
-
- Officers--
- Who Mobilized with the Battalion (App.)
- Who embarked for France (App.)
- Additional Roll who served with the Battalion (App.)
- Killed in Action (App.)
- Died of Wounds (App.)
- Wounded in Action (App.)
- Missing (App.)
- Prisoners of War (App.)
- Awards (App.)
- Mentioned in Despatches (App.)
-
-
- Pacaut, 26
-
- Pattinson, Lieut. W. R. (App.), 77, 89
-
- Patterson, Lieut. J. S. (App.), 77
-
- Pearson, Capt. W. G. (App.), 24
-
- Pearson, Lieut. J. (App.), 77
-
- Pearson, L/Sgt. J. R., 110
-
- Perceval, Sgt. H. W., 75
-
- Pemberton, 2nd-Lt. A. H. (App.), 101
-
- Poperinghe, 74
-
- Powell, Capt. P. W. (App.), 81, 101, 136
-
- Portuguese Division, 111, 114
-
- Problems of Strength, 14
-
- Primitive Conditions, 16
-
- Procter, Capt. A. P. (App.), 92, 95, 100, 101
-
- Prisoners of War--
- Officers (App.)
- Rank and File (App.)
-
- Pritchard, Lieut. T. H. (App.), 93, 97, 136
-
- Prince of Wales, H.R.H., 135
-
- Prince Albert, H.R.H., 135
-
- Purnell, 2nd-Lt. R. L. (App.), 100
-
- Purnell, 2nd-Lt. G. J., 38
-
-
- Raeside, 2nd-Lt. G. F. (App.), 101, 113
-
- Railway Wood, 76
-
- Raid, Ypres, 78
-
- Rank and File--
- Killed in Action (App.)
- Died of Wounds (App.)
- Wounded in Action (App.)
- Missing, Reported Dead (App.)
- Wounded and Prisoners (App.)
- Wounded and Missing (App.)
- Missing (App.)
- Prisoners of War (App.)
- Awards (App.)
-
- Redoubt, Le Touret, 19
-
- Reclinghem, 108
-
- Richebourg L’Avoue, 17
-
- Riez-du-Vinage, 19
-
- Riviere, 54
-
- Rigg, 2nd-Lt. A. (App.), 131
-
- Robathan, Major P. E. (App.), 73, 80, 92, 93, 100
-
- Robinson, Pte. E. G., 102
-
- Rutherford, Major A. F. (App.), 45
-
- Rudduck, 2nd-Lt. (App.), 63
-
- Rundle, 2nd-Lt. J. R. (App.), 101, 104
-
- Russell, 2nd-Lt. G. N. (App.), 101
-
- Rudall, 2nd-Lt. A. (App.), 124
-
-
- Sandwich, 12
-
- Sevenoaks, 12
-
- Senton, 2nd-Lt. R. M. (App.), 92, 97
-
- Shoreham, 12
-
- Shuker, 2nd-Lt. F. J. (App.), 100
-
- Sittingbourne, 12
-
- Sheahan, Lieut. A. T. (App.), 77
-
- Simpson, Lieut. J. H. (App.), 77
-
- Slater, Capt. F. C. (App.), 77
-
- Smith, 2nd-Lt. (App.), 79
-
- Smith, 2nd-Lt. R. (App.), 101, 104
-
- Smith, 2nd-Lt. N. (App.), 101
-
- Slough, 9
-
- Snipers, Civilian, 30
-
- Southampton, 15
-
- Somme Battles, 60–72
-
- Sports, Tonbridge, 14
-
- Stockwell, Brig. General G. I., 75, 85, 109, 120, 135
-
- St. Omer, 82
-
- St. Emilie, 101
-
- Stalker, Sgt. P., 75
-
- Stewart, 2nd-Lt. W. M. (App.), 101, 118
-
- Strength Problems, 14
-
- Swainson, Lt. Col. J. L. (App.), 57, 66
-
- Sykes, Capt. H. R. (App.)
-
- Sykes, 2nd-Lt. J. H. (App.), 101, 104, 118
-
-
- Taylor, Lieut. G. F. (App.), 21, 23
-
- Taylor, 2nd-Lt. G. A. (App.), 97, 101
-
- Taylor, 2nd-Lt. P. C. (App.), 89
-
- Thirty-First July, 82–91
-
- Thorpe, 2nd-Lt. (App.), 55
-
- Thorpe, 2nd-Lt. A. J. (App.), 100
-
- Thompson, Lt. Col. R. (App.), 22, 27, 34, 38, 42
-
- Thompson, 2nd-Lt. J. (App.), 97
-
- Tillyard, Capt. (App.), 31, 32, 42, 50
-
- Titmas, Capt. (App.), 45
-
- Tonbridge, 13
-
- Topham, Lieut. G. (App.), 77
-
- Transport, Early, 8
-
- Transport, New, Bedford, 14
-
- Training, Sevenoaks, 12
-
- Transfers, T. F. to Line, 14
-
- Trenches, First Introduction, 18
-
- Trenches, Dilapidated, 19
-
- Twentieth September, 94–99
-
- Twentieth November, 102
-
- Tucker, Lieut. (App.), 124, 131, 135
-
-
- Uccle, 134
-
- Ulverston, 9, 136
-
-
- Valour, Bronze Medal (App.)
-
- Veevers, 2nd-Lt. (App.), 93
-
- Vickers Munition Workers, 15
-
- Victoria Cross (App.)
-
- Vincent, Pte. J., 42
-
-
- Wadham, Lt. Col. W. F. A. (App.), 7, 19, 21, 136
-
- Ward, 2nd-Lt. (App.), 41, 46
-
- Way, Capt. J. (App.), 75, 93
-
- Walker, 2nd-Lt. (App.), 24
-
- Walker, 2nd-Lt. S. F. (App.), 66, 89
-
- Walkden, 2nd-Lt. (App.), 100
-
- Warbrick, 2nd-Lt. (App.), 89
-
- West Lancashire Division, 48
-
- Welch, Lieut. J. (App.), 50, 66
-
- White, 2nd-Lt. E. T. (App.), 93, 96
-
- Whittaker, 2nd-Lt. N. (App.), 93
-
- Whiteside, L/Sgt. W., 102
-
- Whitmore, 2nd-Lt. (App.), 118
-
- Wilderness, The, 12
-
- Wilson, Capt. (App.), 53, 94
-
- Winnicott, L/Cpl. D. J., 50
-
- Wilcock, 2nd-Lt. J. M. (App.), 66
-
- Withey, Capt. C. E. (App.), 66, 88, 92, 96
-
- Williams, C.S.M., R. A., 75
-
- Williamson, Capt. F. H. (App.), 77
-
- Willett, 2nd-Lt. R. (App.), 77
-
- Wild, Pte. J., 102
-
- Woodward, L/Cpl., 38
-
- Wounded in Action--
- Officers (App.)
- Rank and File (App.)
- and Prisoners (App.)
- and Missing (App.)
-
- Wright, Capt. A. A. (App.), 23, 51, 66
-
- Wright, Cpl. T., 102
-
-
- Yates, Sgt. F. S., 101
-
- Ypres, 73–96
-
-
- CROWTHER & GOODMAN,
- PRINTERS,
- 124, FENCHURCH STREET, LONDON, E.C.3.
-
-
-Transcriber’s Note:
-
-Obvious printer’s, spelling and punctuation errors have been silently
-corrected.
-
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diff --git a/old/67393-0.zip b/old/67393-0.zip Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index ee16830..0000000 --- a/old/67393-0.zip +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/67393-h.zip b/old/67393-h.zip Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index adda678..0000000 --- a/old/67393-h.zip +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/67393-h/67393-h.htm b/old/67393-h/67393-h.htm deleted file mode 100644 index a9222fb..0000000 --- a/old/67393-h/67393-h.htm +++ /dev/null @@ -1,9160 +0,0 @@ -<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" - "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> -<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> - <head> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" /> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> - <title> - The Fourth Battalion The King's Own and the Great War, by Lt.-Col. W. F. A. Wadham and Capt. J. Crossley—A Project Gutenberg eBook - </title> - <link rel="coverpage" href="images/cover.jpg" /> - <style type="text/css"> - -body { - margin-left: 10%; - margin-right: 10%; -} - - h1,h2,h3,h4,h5 { - text-align: center; /* all headings centered */ - clear: both; - font-weight: normal; -} - -h1 {font-size: 120%;} - -h2 {font-size: 100%;} - -h3 {font-size: 100%;} - -h5 {font-size: 100%;} - -.subhed { display: block; - margin-top: .5em; - font-size: 100%; - font-weight: normal; - font-variant: small-caps; } - -.subhed1 { display: block; margin-top: 2em; font-weight: normal; } - -p { - margin-top: .51em; - text-align: justify; - margin-bottom: .49em; - text-indent: 1.2em; -} - -.p-left {text-indent: 0em; } -.p1 {margin-top: 1em;} -.p2 {margin-top: 2em;} -.p4 {margin-top: 4em;} - - -hr { - width: 33%; - margin-top: 2em; - margin-bottom: 2em; - margin-left: 33.5%; - margin-right: 33.5%; - clear: both; -} - -hr.tb {width: 45%; margin-left: 27.5%; margin-right: 27.5%;} -hr.chap {width: 65%; margin-left: 17.5%; margin-right: 17.5%;} -@media print { hr.chap {display: none; visibility: hidden;} } - -hr.r5 {width: 5%; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 47.5%; margin-right: 47.5%;} - -div.chapter {page-break-before: always;} - -.hangingindent { - padding-left: 2em ; - text-indent: -2em ;} - -.hangingindent1 { - padding-left: 2em ; - text-indent: -2em ; - margin-left: 1em;} - -ul { list-style-type: none; } -li.i1 {text-indent: 1em; } - -.nobreak {white-space: nowrap;} - -div.parent { text-align: center; } -ul.left { display: inline-block; - text-align: left; - list-style-type: none; - margin-top: -1em; } - - -table { - margin-left: auto; - margin-right: auto; - border-collapse: collapse; -} - -.tdla {text-align: left; - padding-left: .5em;} -.tdl {text-align: left; - padding-left: 1.5em; - font-variant: small-caps;} -.tdlb {text-align: left; - padding-top: 1em; - padding-left: .5em;} -.tdr {text-align: right; - padding-left: 1em;} - - -.pagenum { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */ - /* visibility: hidden; */ - position: absolute; - left: 92%; - font-size: smaller; - text-align: right; - font-style: normal; - font-weight: normal; - font-variant: normal; -} /* page numbers */ - - -.blockquot { - margin-left: 5%; - margin-right: 10%; - font-size: 90%; -} - -.sidenote { - width: 20%; - padding-bottom: .5em; - padding-top: .5em; - padding-left: .5em; - padding-right: .5em; - margin-left: 1em; - float: right; - clear: right; - margin-top: 1em; - font-size: smaller; - color: black; - background: #eeeeee; - border: 1px dashed; -} - -.center {text-align: center;} - -.right {text-align: right;} - -.r2 {text-align: right; - margin-right: 2em;} - -.r3 {text-align: right; - margin-right: 3em;} - -.r4 {text-align: right; - margin-right: 4em;} - -.r5 {text-align: right; - margin-right: 5em;} - -.r6 {text-align: right; - margin-right: 6em;} - -.left2 { text-align: left; - margin-left: 2em;} - -.xs { font-size: x-small;} - -.sm { font-size: small;} - -.smaller {font-size: 90%; } - -.smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} - -.allsmcap {font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;} - -.narrow {margin-top: 0em; margin-bottom: 0em;} - -.narrow1 {margin-top: 2em; margin-bottom: 0em;} - -p.drop-cap { -text-indent: 0em; } - -p.drop-cap:first-letter -{ -float: left; -margin: 0.05em 0em 0em 0em; -font-size: 250%; -line-height:0.85em; -} -@media handheld -{ - p.drop-cap:first-letter - { - float: none; - margin: 0; - font-size: 100%; - } -} - - -/* Transcriber's notes */ -.transnote {background-color: #E6E6FA; - color: black; - font-size:smaller; - padding:0.5em; - margin-bottom:5em; - font-family:sans-serif, serif; } - - </style> - </head> -<body> -<p style='text-align:center; font-size:1.2em; font-weight:bold'>The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Fourth Battalion, The King's Own (Royal Lancaster Regiment) and the Great War, by Walter Wadham</p> -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online -at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you -are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the -country where you are located before using this eBook. -</div> - -<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: The Fourth Battalion, The King's Own (Royal Lancaster Regiment) and the Great War</p> -<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: Walter Wadham</p> -<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: February 14, 2022 [eBook #67393]</p> -<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</p> - <p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; text-align:left'>Produced by: Brian Coe, Karin Spence and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net</p> -<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE FOURTH BATTALION, THE KING'S OWN (ROYAL LANCASTER REGIMENT) AND THE GREAT WAR ***</div> - -<h1><span class="sm">THE</span><br /> - -FOURTH BATTALION<br /> - -THE KING’S OWN<br /> - -<span class="sm">(Royal Lancaster Regiment)<br /> - -<span class="subhed1">AND</span></span><br /> - -THE GREAT WAR</h1> - - -<p class="p4 center p-left">Lieut.-Colonel W. F. A. WADHAM</p> - -<p class="center p-left">and</p> - -<p class="center p-left">Captain J. CROSSLEY</p> - - -<p class="right p4 xs"><i>COPYRIGHT</i></p> - - -<div class="chapter"> - -<h2>CONTENTS.</h2> -</div> -<table summary="contents"> - <tr> - <td class="tdl"></td> - <td class="tdl"></td> - <td class="tdr"><i>Page.</i></td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdl">Chapter I.</td> - <td class="tdl">Early Days</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_7">7</a></td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdl">Chapter II.</td> - <td class="tdl">Festubert</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_21">21</a></td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdl">Chapter III.</td> - <td class="tdl">Picardy</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_32">32</a></td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdl">Chapter IV.</td> - <td class="tdl">Arras</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_48">48</a></td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdl">Chapter V.</td> - <td class="tdl">The Somme</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_58">58</a></td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdl">Chapter VI.</td> - <td class="tdl">Ypres</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_73">73</a></td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdl">Chapter VII.</td> - <td class="tdl nobreak">Third Battle of Ypres</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_82">82</a></td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdl nobreak">Chapter VIII.</td> - <td class="tdl">Givenchy</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_110">110</a></td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdl">Chapter IX.</td> - <td class="tdl">Conclusion</td> - <td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_134">134</a></td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdl">Appendices</td> - <td class="tdl"></td> - <td class="tdr nobreak"><a href="#Page_i">I–XX</a></td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdl">Index</td> - <td class="tdl"></td> - <td class="tdr nobreak"><a href="#Page_xxi">XXI–XXIV</a></td> - </tr> -</table> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h2>FOREWORD</h2> -</div> - - -<p class="drop-cap p-left"><i>These notes have been compiled, more or less in the form of a diary, -with a view to placing on record the services of those who voluntarily -came forward to serve their country in its hour of need.</i></p> - -<p class="right">WALTER F. A. WADHAM.</p> - -<p class="p-left"><i>February, 1920.</i></p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_7">[7]</span></p> - -<h2>THE FOURTH BATTALION<br /> -THE KING’S OWN REGIMENT<br /> -AND THE GREAT WAR</h2> -</div> - -<hr class="r5" /> - -<p class="smcap center p-left">Notes by Lieut.-Col. W. F. A. Wadham, V.D.</p> - -<hr class="r5" /> - -<h3>CHAPTER I.<br /> -<span class="subhed">Early Days.</span></h3> - -<p class="drop-cap p-left">The year 1914 will for ever be looked back upon as the most memorable -in the history of the Battalion.</p> - -<p>The outbreak of the Great War in the month of August of that year -caused the Mobilization Scheme, over which for years past each -succeeding Adjutant had, in his turn, burned much midnight oil in -endeavours to bring up-to-date the efforts of his predecessor, to be -put to the test.</p> - -<p>On Sunday, August 2nd, of that year, the Battalion proceeded to Camp at -Kirkby Lonsdale to undergo the usual fourteen days’ Annual Training as -one of the units forming the West Lancashire Brigade of the Territorial -Force. War and rumours of War then filled the air, and, upon arrival at -Kirkby Lonsdale, a warning was issued by the Brigade Commander (Colonel -G. L. Hibbert, D.S.O.) for the units composing the Brigade not to make -themselves too comfortable, nor to make preparations for any lengthened -stay, as orders had been received to detain the trains in which the -troops had arrived, and further orders for the troops to return to -their peace stations were hourly expected. These orders duly arrived in -the early hours of Monday, August 3rd, and at 9.30 a.m. the Battalion -started on its homeward journey, after the shortest Annual Training on -record.</p> - -<p>The Detachments proceeded to their various peace Headquarters, and the -men were dismissed to their<span class="pagenum" id="Page_8">[8]</span> homes, with a warning that, in the event -of the expected Mobilization taking place, they would be immediately -recalled.</p> - -<p>Germany having violated the neutrality of Belgium by attempting to -utilize that country as a high road to Paris, Great Britain declared -war on Germany on the 4th August, 1914, and on the night of the -4th/5th, orders were issued throughout the country for the Mobilization -of the Territorial Force. The Mobilization telegram reached -Headquarters about 6 p.m. on the 4th, and notices were at once issued, -and the Battalion began to assemble at 5 a.m. on the 5th, for Medical -Inspection. At 7 a.m. the Headquarter Companies had been medically -inspected and at once left to guard the Kent and Leven Viaducts and -by 4.30 p.m. that day, with the exception of the guards left by the -Ulverston Detachment to protect the Kent and Leven Viaducts and by the -Millom Detachment to protect the Duddon Viaduct, the Battalion had -assembled in Barrow, and, under the command of the Officer Commanding -Barrow Coast Defences, taken over important duties in connection with -the protection of the works of Messrs. Vickers and the Harbour and -Docks of the Furness Railway Company. Headquarters were established -in the Holker Street Schools, and the surplus men, not required for -guards, were billeted there.</p> - -<p>Little of any importance or worthy of note occurred during the time the -Battalion was stationed in Barrow, an air-raid scare, involving the -standing to arms of all ranks for several hours in the middle of a very -cold night, forming the only excitement.</p> - -<p>The time was chiefly devoted to obtaining mobilization stores, -ammunition and equipment (not forgetting transport, which, in these -early stages of the war, was a most heterogeneous selection, varying -from a milk float to a motor lorry, with water carts commandeered from -the Local Authorities). The animals necessary for their haulage were an -equally varied selection, including about every kind of “hairy” from a -polo pony to a Clydesdale.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_9">[9]</span></p> - -<p>It was generally expected that the Battalion’s next move would be to -Ireland, and the advance party started off for that destination on the -morning of August 8th, only to be recalled from Liverpool later in the -day, owing to an order having been received cancelling the move.</p> - -<p>On the 10th the Battalion was relieved from all duties in connection -with the Barrow Defences, these being taken over by another Battalion, -and on the 11th orders were received to move to Ulverston that day. The -Battalion left Barrow at 6.15 p.m. on the 11th, and proceeded by road -to Ulverston, arriving about 9.15 p.m.</p> - -<p>In Ulverston the men were billeted in the Victoria Grammar School and -the Dale Street Schools, Headquarters being established in the former. -Whilst stationed at Ulverston the fitting out with equipment and -drawing of mobilization stores was continued, drill and route marching -filling up the time. On the 15th August orders were received (at 2.45 -a.m.) to move to Slough for the purpose of guarding the Main Line of -the Great Western Railway, between Paddington and Maidenhead.</p> - -<p>The Battalion left Ulverston on the 15th, in two trains (the first at -10.30 a.m. and the second at 12 noon), and arrived at Slough at 7.30 -and 10.30 p.m. respectively. The second train was delayed owing to one -of the horse boxes falling to pieces at Crewe, thereby causing serious -injuries to the animals it contained, and our first casualty, one of -the horses being so seriously damaged that it had to be shot.</p> - -<p>On arrival at Slough the Battalion was billeted in various schools -for the night, and the following morning divided up by Companies. -These were distributed amongst the different stations on the length -of line—from Paddington to Twyford—allotted to the Battalion. -Headquarters were established at Slough, in a large empty house with -spacious grounds surrounding it, which quickly acquired the soubriquet -of “Black Lead Castle,” owing to one of its former occupants having -rejoiced in the name of Nixey. A<span class="pagenum" id="Page_10">[10]</span> black cat, “which went with the -place,” succeeded to the title of the former occupant.</p> - -<p>At the stations along the line the officers and men were accommodated -in the waiting rooms, without bedding, furniture, or comforts of any -description, and lived in these comfortless places for rather more than -three months, during which period the Battalion was carrying out the -duties of patrolling the line and guarding the bridges, etc., their -food being sent through from Slough in dixies.</p> - -<p>Great ingenuity was displayed by the members of the various detachments -on the line in their endeavours to make their quarters, if not -comfortable, at least habitable. The palm must be awarded to the Millom -Detachment at Langley Park, where, under the able direction of the -Company Cook, and with the assistance of a refuse tip alongside the -railway, on which every conceivable kind of kitchen utensil seemed to -have found its last resting place, a quite substantial and up-to-date -kitchen was erected, and, with the aid of a huge Beecham’s Pills (or -other) advertisement board and some borrowed (?) waggon sheets, a -commodious lean-to shelter was constructed. The homeliness of the -shelter was completed by the addition of a tame fox, with which, -contrary to the usual laws of animal affection, an Airedale terrier -used frequently to indulge in gambols like those of a pair of kittens.</p> - -<p>It was not to be expected that men fresh from the country, many of -whom had never seen an express train before, could carry out these -duties on a section of line such as the one for which the Battalion was -responsible, without some casualties occurring. During the time the -Battalion was employed on this duty several good men lost their lives -in the service of their country, who would no doubt have preferably -made the same sacrifice, had the opportunity been given them, against a -more vulnerable foe than an express train.</p> - -<p>The Battalion Reserve (chiefly composed of recruits) remained at -Slough, where it underwent the usual course of Infantry Training, -including a certain amount of Musketry at Runnymede, a very different -thing<span class="pagenum" id="Page_11">[11]</span> however, at the beginning of the War, from the course of -training which developed as the War proceeded.</p> - -<p>It would be difficult to exaggerate the strain upon discipline involved -in stringing out a Battalion of young and inexperienced soldiers upon -a 30 miles length of railway, in close proximity to London and other -places of interest and pleasure, or the additional responsibility thus -thrown upon the Officers and N.C.O.’s, especially when all were anxious -to proceed overseas at the earliest possible moment, and realized that, -after being withdrawn from the duties of guarding the railway, it would -be necessary for them to undergo a period of Battalion and Brigade -Training before being considered qualified to do so. Naturally, some -little impatience was displayed, but the Battalion’s reputation for -good discipline was well maintained.</p> - -<p>Any spare time was chiefly devoted to football and cross country -running, with a view to getting the members of the Battalion as fit as -possible. The Battalion teams, drawn from all the stations on the line, -achieved considerable success in both these forms of sport.</p> - -<p>For the mounted Officers, and those aspiring to become mounted, the -proximity of Windsor Great Park proved a great attraction, and effected -considerable improvement in their equitation. The Golf Clubs of Stoke -Poges and Burnham Beeches were kind enough to make the officers of the -Battalion honorary members, but no time was found in which to take -advantage of this privilege.</p> - -<p>For the men a Club was organized by the Vicar, who was throughout most -kind in doing all in his power to make the visit of the Battalion to -Slough one which would call forth pleasant memories in the future. In -fact, the general hospitality and kindness extended to all ranks of the -Battalion during the time it was stationed in Slough was extraordinary, -and was most gratefully appreciated.</p> - -<p>Whilst at Slough an enquiry was received from the War Office as -to whether the Battalion would proceed to Egypt to join the East -Lancashire Brigade. To this<span class="pagenum" id="Page_12">[12]</span> a reply was sent to the effect that the -Commanding Officer preferred that his Battalion should remain with the -West Lancashire Brigade. At a later date an order was received to send -two Companies to join the East Lancashire Brigade in Egypt, and these -were withdrawn from the line and equipped ready to proceed. In the -meantime a protest was made against the breaking up of the Battalion, -and, at the last moment, after two Companies from a Battalion from the -West of England had arrived at Slough ready to take over the duties -of the Companies withdrawn from the line, a message was received -cancelling the order, with instructions to return the two Companies to -the West of England.</p> - -<p>On November 9th the Companies of the Battalion, except those at -Paddington and a few posts at other places, were withdrawn from the -line, and on November 26th orders were received to move to Sevenoaks to -join the remainder of the Brigade, which had moved there on the 11th. -The Battalion left Slough in two trains, the first at 11 a.m. and the -second at 1.15 p.m., on the 27th November, reaching Sevenoaks the same -evening.</p> - -<p>At Sevenoaks the Battalion was billeted in the St. John’s end of the -town, in empty houses, which, like the railway waiting rooms, were -totally devoid of beds or furniture of any kind. The absence of any -large buildings or halls suitable for drill, recreation or social -purposes, in the area allotted to the Battalion, was also noticeable, -and hardly conducive to comfort or efficiency.</p> - -<p>The time at Sevenoaks was devoted to Battalion training, various areas -for this purpose being allotted in turn to the Battalions forming the -Brigade, amongst these being Knole Park, The Wilderness, Chevening -Park, etc.</p> - -<p>Musketry parties from time to time proceeded to Sandwich, Sittingbourne -and Shoreham. The Battalion was also called upon to furnish a guard -for the T.N.T. Store, which had been established in the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_13">[13]</span> caves at -Chislehurst, and a visit of inspection to this guard invariably -disclosed something of fresh interest.</p> - -<p>Christmas, 1914, found half the Battalion still at Sevenoaks, and half -at Sandwich for musketry, and, though some disappointment was caused -at first by the edict that no Christmas leave was to be granted, all -pulled together to make the best of the circumstances, and, with the -kind and generous assistance of friends at home and newly made friends, -the day passed off most successfully.</p> - -<p>On the 22nd February, 1915, the billets of the Battalion being required -for the accommodation of a Battalion of the New Army which was passing -through Sevenoaks, the Battalion moved to Margate, where, on its -arrival, it was received officially by the Mayor and Corporation, and -proceeded to billets in excellent and well furnished houses at the -Westcliff end of the town. During the time the Battalion remained in -Margate, every kindness was extended to its members, and the visit will -always be looked back upon by those who were fortunate enough to share -in it (the guard at Chislehurst and the Musketry Party at Shoreham -missed it) as a pleasant interlude in the hardships of training for -war; the only regret connected therewith being the brevity of its -duration.</p> - -<p>On the 28th February the Battalion returned to Sevenoaks, only to -receive orders on the 1st March to proceed to Tonbridge before 11 a.m. -on the day following. During the period at Sevenoaks many warnings of -a sudden move, including one to the East Coast for immediate service -after the bombardment of Scarborough, which arrived just as the -Battalion returned from a twenty miles march, reached the Battalion. -Although none of these materialized, they naturally caused uneasiness -at the time.</p> - -<p>The Battalion left Sevenoaks at 10.30 a.m. on March 2nd, and proceeded -by road to Tonbridge, arriving about 1 p.m. At Tonbridge the Battalion -occupied billets at the south end of the town, and was stationed -here until April 18th, the time being devoted to Battalion training. -As, however, it was called upon<span class="pagenum" id="Page_14">[14]</span> to furnish guards at Dungeness, -Birling Gap and Cuckmere Haven, in addition to that already provided -at Chislehurst, the strength was considerably diminished, and there -was little opportunity for the Battalion to assemble as a complete -unit. In spite of this, steady progress was made in the training, -and frequent route marches with full equipment, combined with night -operations at intervals, contributed towards the hardening of the men, -who were rapidly getting into first-class fighting form. Games were not -neglected, and, on Easter Monday, most successful Athletic Sports were -held on the grounds of the Tonbridge School, very kindly placed at the -disposal of the Battalion for the occasion.</p> - -<p>On the 14th April warning was received that the Battalion was shortly -to move to Bedford to join a Lancashire Brigade in the 51st (Highland) -Division, and to proceed overseas with that Division at an early date. -The Battalion left Tonbridge at 5.55 a.m. on April 18th, and arrived at -Bedford at 9.20 a.m., its arrival creating a most favourable impression.</p> - -<p>At Bedford the time was chiefly occupied in handing in old clothing and -equipment, and receiving and fitting new. This exchange included new -transport—both animals and vehicles—the mixed assortment which had so -far served the purpose, together with a large assortment of antiquated -and superfluous stores of every variety, having been left behind at -Tonbridge.</p> - -<p>The long period of training at home came to an end on the 3rd May, -1915, and in the afternoon of that day the Battalion left Bedford to -join the British Expeditionary Force on the Western Front.</p> - -<p>During this early period of the war, various problems as to how to -obtain a sufficient number of men to send overseas and to retain an -adequate number to carry on the work in munition factories, seemed to -be perplexing the minds of the authorities, the uncertainty as to the -right course to adopt having anything but a beneficial effect either on -recruiting or training.</p> - -<p>At first, returns were called for asking for the number of men willing -to transfer from the Territorial Force<span class="pagenum" id="Page_15">[15]</span> to the Line Battalions, but -this met with little response. Then returns as to how many men would -volunteer for foreign service with the Line Battalions were called -for, with similar results. Eventually, and happily, it was decided to -ask the Territorial Battalions to volunteer for service overseas as -complete units. This they did practically without exception. At first -each man was given the opportunity of deciding for himself whether -he would serve overseas or be transferred to a second line unit for -service at home, but, later, only men unfit for general service were -posted to the second line.</p> - -<p>As regards the men required for munitions, the fact that the Battalion -was drawn from an area in which the Barrow works of Messrs. Vickers -were situated, caused great difficulty in obtaining the necessary -number of men to recruit its ranks up to war strength. In addition -to this, the constant withdrawal of men—chiefly those formerly -employed by Messrs. Vickers—who had already undergone a lengthened -period of training, and of whom several had become efficient N.C.O’s, -was a severe handicap. The result of these conditions was that the -Battalion was not sufficiently up to strength to proceed overseas with -the remainder of the Brigade, the units of which commenced to leave -Sevenoaks during the second week in February, 1915.</p> - -<p>This caused much chagrin and disappointment, which was, however, -somewhat mitigated by the confidence in the efficiency of the Battalion -manifested by the higher authorities in entrusting to us so many -onerous and responsible duties and, eventually, sending it overseas -when very considerably under strength, and at a time when the situation -in the war area was extremely tense.</p> - -<p>The route was via Folkestone and Boulogne, the transport having -proceeded in advance via Southampton and Havre. The channel was -crossed in the dark, darkness still prevailing on arrival at Boulogne, -and deluges of rain added to the discomforts of disembarkation. The -remaining hours of the night were spent in the camp on the top of -the hill, a wind-swept<span class="pagenum" id="Page_16">[16]</span> place where the Indian tents, at that time, -provided poor shelter.</p> - -<p>After breakfast the following morning (May 4th), the Battalion started -off down the other side of the hill to the station, and here joined -the train conveying the transport from Havre, speculation as to its -destination being somewhat rife. So far as the railway journey was -concerned the destination proved to be Berguette, from which station -the Battalion marched to Ham-en-Artois, and joined the Brigade.</p> - -<p>Here the Battalion had its first experience of close billets in -a foreign land, and those to whom a barn, with some hay or straw -in it, was allotted, considered themselves literally, as well as -metaphorically, in clover.</p> - -<p>In these early days of the war everything was exceedingly primitive, -not only with regard to the billets, but also the food and feeding -arrangements. However, stout hearts and good spirits overcame all -difficulties, and the time for which all had been waiting so long, -viz., to get overseas, having at last arrived, the realization of this -ambition caused all hardships and discomforts to be accepted cheerfully.</p> - -<p>The Battalion remained at Ham until the evening of May 6th, when it -moved via Busnes, Robecq, and St. Venant, to Calonne-sur-la-Lys, to -form a reserve for the Fromelles show. A long distressing march was -carried out by the Brigade in darkness and rain lasting throughout the -night, during which progress was frequently delayed by other troops at -cross roads, railway crossings, etc.</p> - -<p>At Calonne the billets were very similar to those at Ham, the -Headquarters being established in an old Mill House. Whilst here the -Battalion thankfully made acquaintance with the baths improvised for -the troops, and the opportunities offered for a change of clothing. -The members also had their first introduction to Indian Native Troops, -units of the Meerut Division coming in to rest and refit during the -time the Battalion was at Calonne. The town was well within the -sound<span class="pagenum" id="Page_17">[17]</span> of the guns at the front, and at night the sky was brilliantly -illuminated by their flashes.</p> - -<p>On 13th May the Battalion moved to Meteren (in readiness to proceed -to Ypres), via Merville, Neuf Berguin and Vieux Berguin, taking over -billets from the Canadian Royal Field Artillery. Whilst the Battalion -was in Meteren the first Artillery of the New Army to arrive in France -passed through, and the Horse Show provided thereby provoked the -admiration of all beholders.</p> - -<p>May 19th saw the Battalion move southwards once more, through Bailleul -and the two Berguins, to La Gorgue, near Estaires—another long wet -night march. Here it occupied the filthiest billets so far met with. -Large numbers of both officers and men were allotted the buildings, -including the Chapel, of a Convent School, the floors of which were -inches deep in mud, whilst the grounds surrounding the buildings seemed -to have been used for some time as the town refuse tip.</p> - -<p>Luckily, another move further south to Locon, was made next day. This -was a much more habitable and congenial spot, where the proximity of -the La Bassee Canal afforded facilities for bathing, and the town of -Bethune, in spite of daily shell fire from the Huns an excuse for a -ride.</p> - -<p>The only incident to be recorded during the stay of the Battalion in -Locon was an ear splitting competition between a battery of French -“75’s,” which arrived in the village one evening, and a thunderstorm, -which seemed to resent its presence. The thunderstorm won, and, -incidentally, did considerable damage.</p> - -<p>Whilst in Locon one N.C.O. and two men from the Lincolns, with -experience of trench warfare, were attached, as instructors, to each -Company, prior to their going into the trenches at Richebourg L’Avoue. -In later days New Army Battalions were sent into the trenches in -driblets—“opposite numbers”—Platoons and Companies, to mix with -trench troops and become well acquainted with trench duties before -taking over duty as units, but the Territorial Force had no such -preliminary training. The Battalion subsequently had<span class="pagenum" id="Page_18">[18]</span> the honour of -initiating several Battalions of the New Army into their duties.</p> - -<p>The night of the 24th/25th May, 1915, marked the Battalion’s first -introduction to the trenches. It was allotted a section near the -Ferme-du-Bois, in the neighbourhood of Richebourg L’Avoue, which it -took over in the dark hours of the night, and where it underwent -its baptism of fire with singularly little protection, owing to -the inadequate and dilapidated condition of the trenches. However, -it survived the ordeal with considerable credit, and, luckily, few -casualties, a congratulatory order being issued by the Brigade.</p> - -<p>On taking over the trenches at Richebourg L’Avoue, the first duty was -to open up communication with the front line, and turn the parapet of -the recently captured fire trenches round the other way so as to face -the enemy, also to remodel and establish second and third line trenches -and construct communication trenches and dugouts, the existing ones -being simply rivers of mud and quite impassable. When taken over there -were practically no dugouts and the men not actually on duty had to -rest lying in the mud in the trench bottom, not even on duck boards, -these luxuries being few and far between.</p> - -<p>The bodies of troops engaged in the last assault lay unburied, and the -collection of identity discs, the burial of the dead, heavy labour at -trench construction, and constant readiness to repel a counter-attack, -heat and overpowering smell in the day, and intense cold at night, and, -withal, a shortage of water, were the first experiences.</p> - -<p>During the time of its occupation of these particular trenches, the -Battalion produced a marked improvement in their condition. The only -grievances given vent to by the men were their inability to reply to -the Huns’ game of long bowls, the noise created by the continuous night -firing of the Ghurkas’ Maxim Guns on the left, which disturbed their -rest, and the difficulty of locating snipers.</p> - -<p>On the night of May 28th/29th the Battalion was withdrawn from the -trenches to take up its “rest”<span class="pagenum" id="Page_19">[19]</span> quarters at the Redout, near Le Touret. -However, owing to the too assiduous attentions of the Huns, who -commenced to shell the place heavily immediately on the Battalion’s -arrival, inflicting a few casualties, a further withdrawal to the -village of Le Touret was made the following morning, and on the 1st -June, still further back to the village of Riez-du-Vinage. Here the -Battalion remained until the night of the 5th/6th June, when it again -proceeded to the trenches.</p> - -<p>This time the section allotted was a portion of the old German trench -in the much-fought-over Festubert area, and these, again, were of very -indifferent construction, both as regards their protective value and -the facilities afforded for comfort. The Battalion was here subjected -to several daily bursts of shelling at more or less regular intervals, -the casualties inflicted being mercifully altogether disproportionate -to the amount of ammunition expended.</p> - -<p>On June 9th the Battalion found itself once more at Le Touret for a -spell of rest, and on the 10th was moved further back to Cornet Malo, -just as the Huns were getting the range of Le Touret.</p> - -<p>It was with much regret that on the 10th June I was compelled to leave -the Battalion and proceed home on sick leave, the command thereof -devolving upon Colonel (then Major) Thompson.</p> - -<p>This did not, however, entirely sever my connection with the Battalion -as, upon recovering my health, I assumed command of the 3rd/4th -Battalion at Blackpool on 13th December, 1915. This Battalion proceeded -to Oswestry on 19th April, 1916, and subsequently (having absorbed the -3rd/5th Battalion) became the 4th Reserve Battalion in which—during -my period of command—approximately 250 officers and 4,500 other ranks -were trained and despatched in drafts to units serving overseas; the -majority joining my old Battalion, the writing of the further history -of which I am content to leave in the able hands of one who continued -to serve with it.</p> - -<p class="smcap right">Walter F. A. Wadham.</p> - -<p class="p-left"><i>13th November</i>, 1935.</p> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_20">[20]</span></p> - -<h3>FOREWORD TO PART II</h3> -</div> - - -<p><i>The task of writing the following pages has fallen to me. Now -that the duty has come my way, I have done my best, after a lapse of -more than fifteen years, with the material available, and am aware -of many omissions and imperfections. These have been kept as few as -possible.</i></p> - -<p><i>The record is written primarily for friends in the Battalion. No -literary merit is claimed, and should the book fall into the hands -of the general reader, his indulgence in this respect is solicited. -It has been pleasant labour (bearing in mind our glorious dead), and -up to May, 1917, when I left the Battalion, I am not dissatisfied -with the result. From that time onwards is another matter. I was -reluctant to attempt a story in which I was a non-participant, and -used every means to get this part written by someone more qualified -for the task. I was unsuccessful, and it became a question of the -record remaining unwritten, or myself making the most of the position -as it stood. Fortunately, powerful support was at hand in the person -of Lieut.-Colonel R. Gardner, M.C., who served with the Battalion -throughout, and, towards the end of the war, attained Command. This -Officer has edited, and largely re-written, considerable sections -relating to this later period. More would have been warmly welcomed -(especially dealing with the remarkable stand of the Battalion at -Givenchy), but he is a busy man, and scholastic duties intervened. My -very real thanks are due to Colonel Gardner.</i></p> - -<p><i>Major N. E. Barnes, T.D., Major W. G. Pearson and Captain P. W. -Powell, M.C., have been helpful, and I have drawn gratefully on Captain -R. B. Ross’ charming book, “The Fifty-First in France.” (Hodder & -Stoughton). Acknowledgement is due to the courtesy and assistance -given by the Committee of Imperial Defence, the War Office, and -Lieut.-Colonel R. J. Brook, C.B.E., D.S.O., the Officer Commanding 4th -Battalion The King’s Own Royal Regiment.</i></p> - -<p class="r2">JAMES CROSSLEY.</p> - -<p><i>Ulverston</i>,</p> - -<p class="left2"><i>December</i>, 1935.</p> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_21">[21]</span></p> - -<h2>1/4th BATTALION THE KING’S OWN<br /> -(ROYAL LANCASTER REGIMENT)<br /> -AND THE GREAT WAR</h2> -</div> - -<hr class="r5" /> - -<p><i>This narrative commences on the 10th June, 1915, the date on which -Lieut.-Colonel Wadham’s notes entitled “Early Days” ends.</i></p> - - -<hr class="r5" /> - -<h3>CHAPTER II.<br /> -<span class="subhed">Festubert.</span></h3> - -<p class="drop-cap p-left">We left England under the impression that our military training was -complete. There was one item, however, of which we had learnt little, -and that was bombing. It was now impressed upon us that this weapon -would play an important part in trench warfare. A Bomb School was -therefore formed at a farmhouse between Lacouture and Richebourg St. -Vaast. Qualified instructors were appointed, and a party under Lieut. -G. F. Taylor was furnished from the Battalion. Material was scarce and -equipment primitive, consisting at first of the home-made Battye. These -were roughly made of cast iron. The bombers had to cut their own fuses, -fix them into the detonators, attach the patent lighter, and wire the -whole together—a laborious and lengthy task. The bomb when completed -was unsuitable for transport, but could be easily thrown. There were -other types being tried, percussion and time fuse. The percussion -(Hale) soon lost favour, and we went through many varieties of time -fuse, the light and heavy R.L., the Pitcher and the Hairbrush, until -finally a selection was made of the Mills bomb, which stood the test -well, being handy, portable and effective.</p> - -<p>We now had the misfortune to lose the services of the Commanding -Officer, Lieut.-Col. W. F. A. Wadham, who was ordered to the Field -Ambulance, and eventually to England on medical grounds. He had done<span class="pagenum" id="Page_22">[22]</span> -fine work for the Battalion, and it must have been largely due to his -efforts that we were enabled to land in France at all. The strain had -taken its toll. It was bad luck to lose him, but medical opinion admits -of no argument.</p> - -<div class="sidenote"><i>June</i>, 1915</div> - -<p>The Command devolved upon Major R. Thompson (promoted acting -Lieut.-Colonel) with Major N. E. Barnes as Second-in-Command.</p> - -<p>Rumour, always busy, had for some days prevailed that the 154th Brigade -to which we belonged was to be entrusted with an operation more -ambitious than usual, and for once rumour was correct. A conference -was held at Brigade Headquarters at Locon on the 13th June, and at -7 p.m. the following day the Battalion left billets at Le Cornet -Malo, and moved by Companies along the familiar Route C, to take over -trenches at Festubert. The transport also moved nearer to the line at -Le Touret. By 10 p.m. the Battalion commenced to arrive in the old -British trench, and were all in by 11.30. Contrary to arrangements this -trench was already occupied by the 1/6th Scottish Rifles, and room was -made in the reserve trench. The intended operation was an attack by the -7th Division, Canadian Division, and our own (the 51st) on the enemy -position on the line Chapelle St. Roch-Rue d’Ouvert. After a 48 hours’ -continuous bombardment our mine at Duck’s Bill was fired. At 6 p.m. -on the 15th our attack commenced under heavy artillery fire from the -enemy. It was led by the 1/4th Loyal North Lancs, on the right, and the -1/6th Scottish Rifles, with the 1/4th King’s Own and 1/8th Liverpool -(Irish) in support.</p> - -<p>“A” Company (less party selected from two platoons under Command of -Lieut. R. Gardner for Brigade Relay Posts and less other details) were -ordered to occupy and hold Sap L. 8.</p> - -<p>“B” Company moved to the old fire trench, and “C” Company moved forward -to take their place in support. “D” Company moved into support trench, -and it was reported that two lines of German trenches had been occupied -by 6.20 p.m. “D” Company were<span class="pagenum" id="Page_23">[23]</span> in position at 6.50 when a number of -wounded of the 6th Scottish Rifles passed through. At 7.20 all reports -from the front were satisfactory. At 8 p.m. “B” and “C” Companies -were ordered to push on in support of the Loyals and Scottish Rifles, -who asked for reinforcements. “D” were ordered to the fire trench and -arrived at 8.25 p.m.</p> - -<p>The progress of “A” Company (less detachment) to Sap L. 8 was delayed -by blocks ahead, and bridges broken by shell fire, but they reached -their position and performed their allotted duty. “D” Company moved -forward to support the Loyals, and threw back their right flank whilst -trying to get into touch with the Grenadier Guards. At 9 p.m. the last -platoon of “D” Company was sent from the reserve trench to rejoin their -Company in front. The 8th Liverpools commenced to arrive and moved -two Companies to the old fire trench, and one to support. Battalion -Headquarters got into touch with the firing line through Lieut. Taylor, -the Bombing Officer. Lieut. A. A. Wright, in charge of the Machine Gun -Section, was ordered to reinforce the firing line. This move commenced, -but could not be completed and the machine guns were buried as the -result of enemy shell fire. All the Companies concerned exhibited great -gallantry and performed their duties with devotion, and showed fine -discipline and steadiness, and excellent fighting qualities. Between -10 and 11 p.m. a retirement was ordered. “D” Company still tried to -establish contact with the Grenadier Guards on our right, but this was -not effected until some two hours later.</p> - -<p>An Officer of the Loyals reported at Battalion Headquarters about -midnight, but could give no clear information of conditions in front. -At 12.30 a.m. on the 16th, the German counter-attack was delivered, -artillery support was impracticable, heavy casualties had occurred -amongst the Officers of the attacking battalions, no supports came -up on our right, and our right flank was therefore in peril. Enemy -pressure increased, and retirement along the line was effected in good -order.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_24">[24]</span></p> - -<p>At 1.45 a.m. an order was received to re-form the Battalion in the -reserve trench, and a Battalion from the 152nd Brigade moved up in -support, the 8th Liverpools taking over the old fire trench. On relief -the Battalion assembled at Le Touret at 10 a.m. on the 16th.</p> - -<p>Such is the bare outline of events on this memorable night. Let us -examine them a little more closely and see what they reveal. It would -be natural to assume that the result of the encounter was negative, -seeing that the relative positions of the opposing forces now remained -as before. It had been rumoured that this Action was to synchronise -with an attack on a large scale by the French between Arras and La -Bassée, but this idea was dispelled when it was found that the troops -on our right did not co-operate.</p> - -<p>The educational effect on the Battalion was profound, and the young -soldier, who less than twelve months before had stepped out along -Dalton Road, Barrow, or Market Street, Ulverston, etc., with the gay -irresponsibility of Saturday night, and was now thrown into this -cauldron of war, recognized its realities in a way he would never -forget. He had seen death in battle at close quarters, and was to look -at things in a different light thenceforward.</p> - -<p>Of course there were the inevitable casualties, matters that went -astray, and bad luck. Five minutes after the attack commenced, the -telephone line to Brigade Headquarters broke down, and messages had -to be transmitted by the relay posts previously referred to. This -part of the work was very well carried out under Lieut. R. Gardner of -“A” Company. Lieut. Hewitt of “A” Company, the Assistant Adjutant, a -most able Officer, was killed and his loss was severely felt. Lieut. -Bigland of “B” Company was killed in the fire trench before the advance -commenced, and it was never clearly known how Lieut. Walker met his -fate. Captain W. G. Pearson with “B” Company followed up the Loyals in -attack, and the Company was well inside the German lines when he was -hit by shrapnel and went down. Unfortunately<span class="pagenum" id="Page_25">[25]</span> he could not be found -when the retirement took place. He was eventually picked up by the -Germans and made prisoner. Almost as trying, after the retirement was -ordered, was the finding and evacuation of wounded and stragglers. -Sergeant Bell did good work, returning again and again to the front -so long as any could be found. Lance-Corporal “Tommy” Dixon also was -prominent in this connection. The notorious “L. 8,” a sap following the -line of a natural ditch twining away from our trenches to the German -lines, and in “peace time” one of the plague spots from enemy fire, was -occupied by “A” Company (less detachments) and was most valuable as a -defence post, and also as a covered way for getting our wounded back -into our lines.</p> - -<p>The element of surprise in this attack was lacking. The enemy seemed -to be well-informed of our intentions. He held his reply to our -bombardment until almost the very moment of our attack and then opened -a heavy artillery fire on our troops in their assembly positions, and -caused many early casualties. In the fighting in the German trenches -the enemy had the advantage of an adequate supply of bombs, whereas -our supply became exhausted and the bombers were handicapped owing -to forward ammunition dumps having been destroyed by the enemy’s -artillery. The deciding factor, however, appeared to be the withering -cross fire which the enemy was able to bring to bear upon our troops -when crossing no man’s land.</p> - -<p>To the onlooker the scene was one of terrible grandeur. The bombardment -swelled to titanic proportions. Looking towards the line the eye was -dazzled with the multitude of lights. Now it was the flash of exploding -shells, now the slow glare of Very lights and rockets arching in the -sky. Sometimes the thunder of the artillery softened into a muttering, -when the tattoo of the machine guns became audible. The suspense of -waiting was almost unbearable.</p> - -<p>And so from this action the Battalion emerged, sadly depleted in -strength by five Officers (three killed, one wounded and prisoner, -one wounded)<span class="pagenum" id="Page_26">[26]</span> 147 other ranks (ten killed, 32 wounded and missing, 58 -wounded, 37 missing and ten sick). Sergeant Bell received the Military -Cross, which must be almost a unique award to one so junior. It was, -however, a fitting recognition of one who even at this early period -of his service, showed a natural flair for soldiering, which his -subsequent distinguished career has confirmed.</p> - -<p>A Special Order by Brigadier-General G. L. Hibbert, D.S.O., Commanding -the 154th Infantry Brigade was issued as follows:—</p> - -<p>“The Brigadier has received personal instructions from Lieut.-General -Sir H. Rawlinson, Commanding IV Corps to convey to the Brigade his -appreciation of the gallantry shown by all ranks in the attacks of the -15th and 16th instant under very trying circumstances.</p> - -<p>“The Brigadier wishes to add on his own behalf his appreciation of the -pluck and spirit evinced by all and while he deplores the heavy losses -incurred congratulates the Brigade on the fine fighting qualities -displayed.”</p> - -<p>At 6 p.m. on the 16th the Battalion moved from Le Touret to billets -at Pacaut, where it “rested” until the 22nd. The blessed word “rest” -developed into one of the standing jokes of this period, and this -time took the form of General’s inspection, when he complimented the -Battalion on its recent work. Working parties were provided for the -trenches, and these found and brought back our buried machine guns. -All requirements in arms and equipment were replaced and the Battalion -had a two hours’ route march. On the 22nd we moved back to Le Touret, -where the same routine of working parties was carried on. On the 25th -we marched to Estaires.</p> - -<p>The folly of hearkening to idle report was never more triumphantly -proved than now. It had been in the mouth of everybody that another -week would see us at Armentières, or even further north. The rumour did -not go bare and ungarnished. The most unlikely things were prophesied. -Before the week was old the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_27">[27]</span> exact date of our leaving the Western -front and embarking for India had been determined to the complete -satisfaction of everyone, and no one dared to dispute a rumour which -had emanated from the padre, and had received his benediction.</p> - -<p>The Division did <i>not</i> go to Armentières, nor did it go much -further north. It took over trenches in the sector of Laventie, and it -was to the village of Laventie that the Battalion now went to billet. -Laventie had been entered by the Germans in October, 1914, and vacated -after the lapse of six days owing to the pressure of stronger forces, -or in conformity with the general plan. Although separated from the -front line by a distance of only three miles, it was still inhabited -by many of the citizens, principally on the outskirts of the town. The -centre of this place, from which radiated all the chief roads, was -marked by the ruins of the church, a mere shell, and as sad a spectacle -as could be witnessed in all this martyred region. True to their faith, -many of the Catholics still clung to their dearest possessions and one -cannot fail to remember the brave nuns of the Hospice, who refused to -abandon their infirm charges to the fury of the oppressor. We found the -place was still shelled almost daily.</p> - -<p>On the 26th the Commanding Officer, Colonel Thompson, and others -inspected the trenches. The trenches in the sector of Laventie partook -of the nature of breastworks, and were in a much better state of repair -than those at Festubert and Richebourg L’Avoué. It would seem that the -fighting in this quarter had not attained the same infuriate heat as -elsewhere. The temporary fever during the operations for the seizure -of Aubers Ridge had subsided, but the enemy still held the commanding -ground; and our line, forming a wide but not a deep re-entrant, skirted -the base of the ridge from Fauquissart to Neuve Chapelle. The defensive -system on the whole, seemed to be too insecure and vulnerable. Its -liability to rupture, if subjected to the intensity of a bombardment -and the crushing weight of a massed attack, appeared obvious to -everybody. There was but one main line of<span class="pagenum" id="Page_28">[28]</span> trenches running parallel -to the Rue Tilleloy, but in rear a succession of isolated forts, -adequately served, fenced off this fertile country from the onsets -of the enemy. Four of these fortified redoubts were strung along the -Tilleloy Road from Chapigny to Fauquissart, and a fifth was isolated -slightly in rear.</p> - -<p>It was a task, therefore, of the first importance to provide an -adequate defensive trench system, and the Battalion began to prove -itself active in the necessary labour. The Germans, on the other hand, -from whom we were separated at an average interval of 150 yards, -possessed all the natural favours of the ridge. They had at least a -triple belt of defence, with the additional advantage of numerous -communication trenches. Behind their front line were farms capable of -being put into a very solid state of defence, such as Ferme Deleval, -Trivelet, La Distillerie, Les Mottes Ferme, and the Moulin du Pietre. -As their line receded, the trees grew more and more abundantly, wherein -they were able to conceal large numbers of guns. They had also the -inestimable advantage of full observation from the ridge. Surmounting -this high ground lay the village of Aubers, fed by a light railway. -This natural bulwark, in the hands of skilful troops, could resist the -strongest frontal pressure that could be brought to bear upon it.</p> - -<p>At 8.45 p.m. on the 27th, Companies commenced to move off to take over -trenches from the 8th Liverpools, and by 10.45 the relief was complete. -This was not bad going considering that no trench maps were available. -Periscopes also were not on view at this period. It was comparatively -quiet in the trenches but it was soon found that sniping by the enemy -was the order of the day. This was a nuisance as considerable work -remained to be done on parapets, dugouts and communication trenches. -Good progress was made notwithstanding, and in a few days improvement -was apparent.</p> - -<div class="sidenote"><i>June–July, 1915</i></div> - -<p>At 10 p.m. on the 30th there was a short bombardment by our artillery, -and it is to be noted how short and inadequate our bombardments were at -this time.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_29">[29]</span> Even at Festubert when a serious attack was contemplated, -and after intensive gun fire, it was remarkable how much enemy wire was -left standing in virgin serenity and uncut. This was not due to any -lack of skill on the part of the gunners, but to lack of shells, which -were understood to be limited to three shells per gun per day. Things -remained quiet but persistent sniping continued. On the 2nd July we -had a visit by the G.O.C. the 51st Division, also Officers of the 5th -Gordons, who had received orders to relieve us. Suspicions were being -formed that the enemy was laying mines to our detriment, and not only -that, but actually placing field guns in his front line. At 9 p.m. on -the 3rd the relief commenced, and working smoothly, the Battalion were -all out of the trenches by 11 p.m. and marched into billets close to -Laventie Station. Snipers had accounted for Privates Tyson and Dodd, -killed, and Sergeants Pickin and Clampitt, wounded.</p> - -<p>The usual routine of rest billets followed, numerous working parties -for the trenches being furnished, and much sanitary work had to be -undertaken to make the billets habitable. On the 5th the Brigade -paraded for inspection by General Sir James Wilcocks, Commander of the -Indian Corps, of which we formed part, and the General was good enough -to express his satisfaction with what he saw. The Battalion sighed -happily when it was all over. These functions of the highly placed have -an uncanny knack of raising fears and tremors out of all proportion -to the occasion, and it is not without humour to reflect that the -majority would cheerfully prefer a turn in the trenches to one of these -devastating ordeals.</p> - -<p>Up to this time organized bathing facilities were non-existent, and -it was only in intermittent streams, accidentally met, that we could -indulge the craving for a thorough soak. This, too, could only be -gratified at the expense of much diffidence, as it had to be carried -out in the vicinity of the local population. This deficiency was now -being overcome, and in certain centres baths were in existence, where -the troops could revel in real hot water and soap. This<span class="pagenum" id="Page_30">[30]</span> was not all. -They could hand in their soiled and inhabited underwear, and receive -in exchange another set, sweet and clean, a boon indeed. One of these -bathing centres was at La Gorgue, of dismal memory, but now changed to -an enchanting oasis. The brewery had been taken over for the purpose, -and the vats provided ideal receptacles for soiled soldiers in mass -formation. Pandemonium, made up of songs, shouts and laughter, during -these grateful ablutions, conveyed to the authorities approval of the -wisdom of their kindly ministrations. It was, then, to the baths at La -Gorgue that the Battalion marched by Companies on the 7th and 8th, and -returned refreshed and enthusiastic.</p> - -<div class="sidenote"><i>July, 1915</i></div> - -<p>Working parties went out nightly to the trenches, where the task of -strengthening the defences went on incessantly, one of the parties -being shelled en route, and two men were wounded. The billets at -Laventie too, received their customary shelling from the Hun, but the -tortured church again bore the brunt, and no other damage was done, and -there were no casualties. At 6 a.m. on the 9th orders were received to -take over trenches, and in the evening the move commenced, the relief -being completed by 10 p.m. The Battalion held the four posts and small -ammunition depot in rear of the line, the trenches being held by the -4th Loyals and Scottish Rifles. On the 11th the Machine Gun Section -went into the line in relief of one gun each of the Loyals and Scottish -Rifles. The 12th was notable for the presentation to Sergeant Owen of -the Distinguished Conduct Medal for the action at Rue d’Ouvert, and our -snipers accounting for two of the enemy.</p> - -<p>At 9 p.m. on the 15th the Battalion moved into the trenches in relief -of the 4th Loyals and Scottish Rifles, and at 10.45 the relief was -complete, but we suffered three casualties from rifle fire. On the 17th -those insufferable pests, civilian snipers, were seen behind our line. -A keen hunt for this new quarry was immediately organized, but without -success for the moment. They are wary birds, and the nest is seldom -near where they operate.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_31">[31]</span></p> - -<p>Evidence that further moves were in contemplation, not only for the -Battalion but for the Division, was forthcoming when the trenches were -visited by the Staff of the 8th Division, and the usual curiosity and -conjecture was indulged as to our destination. It was interesting and -intriguing, but, after past experience, fantastic forecast was absent, -opinion more sober, and there was a disposition to “wait and see.” This -visit was speedily followed by orders for the relief to be carried out, -and on the 23rd we handed over to the 2nd Royal Welsh Fusiliers. This -was completed at 11 p.m., and at 11.30 the Battalion marched to billets -at Estaires, near La Gorgue. Here equipment and clothing were issued, -and on the 25th Lieut. E. Tillyard and one N.C.O. left by motor car for -the new area on billeting duty. This area was now definitely understood -to be the Somme.</p> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_32">[32]</span></p> - -<h3>CHAPTER III.<br /> -<span class="subhed">Picardy.</span></h3></div> - -<p class="drop-cap p-left">Our stay at Estaires was short, and at 9.45 a.m. on the 27th we -marched via St. Venant to Berguettes (where we had detrained on our -first arrival three months previously), twelve miles distant, on the -Nord Railway, and there entrained. The train consisted of the usual -enormously long string of closed wagons “8 Chevaux 40 Hommes,” with -here and there a dilapidated passenger coach. We passed westward -through Hazebrouck and St. Omer, west into the night, and crept slowly -over the flats, deeper and darker, until the twinkling lights of -Calais, and the fresh fair faces of women, reminded us of home.</p> - -<p>The first greys of morning were just showing through the trees when the -sleepy-eyed Battalion, once freed from the choking confinement of the -wagons, stretched its stiffening limbs and breathed a purer air. First -impressions are as a rule deceptive, but our first impressions of the -Somme, when we detrained that lovely morning at Mericourt-Ribemont, -lingered for many a day as a sweet memory. The period that followed was -one of inestimable preciousness to us. The free wholesomeness of the -air, the fresh breezes that served but to stir the leaves and ruffle -the pools, contrasted strangely with the clogging miasmas of Flanders. -We felt ourselves excited with the discovery of a new world. The whole -landscape to our appreciative eyes appeared to be lapped with a beauty -as yet untarnished by the impurities of war. The skies were tricked out -with a new colouring. In the north the dawn came up with splendours -that were hidden from us. The mists blinded the sunrise in Flanders.</p> - -<p>Lieut. Tillyard, who had motored south to arrange the billets, met us -at the station with rosy accounts of our new area. His reception had -been enthusiastic, if somewhat overshadowed by the superior attractions -of the uniform of our Highland brethren of the Division,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_33">[33]</span> especially -the kilt, which was a source of unending wonder to the local population.</p> - -<p>We marched away from the leafy arches of Mericourt, that seemed to -invite the tired traveller to revel in their coolness. New vistas -opened out before us. On our right hand a sugar refinery shot its -well-known ugly chimney into the skies. On our left hand a roadside -shrine seemed to invite a moment’s meditation. But there, in front, joy -to our hearts, lay the broad rolling uplands, topped with yellowing -corn, that went before the breeze in glistening waves. There were a few -early harvesters at work—old men with sunken cheeks and women with -toiling hands, who paused for a moment to gaze at the novel sight of -the British “Tommee” on the march.</p> - -<p>A new wonder now brought amazement to our faces—those marvellous -national highways that take no account of contours, but run, arrow -straight, for miles. That on which we set foot at this time was known -as the “Route Nationale No. 29 de Rouen.” From Amiens to Albert it ran -with scarcely a single deflection. And, as was a feature common to -all these national roads, magnificent trees bordered it from end to -end. Even in the case of secondary roads attempts were made to utilise -the waste lands contiguous. Apple and plum trees were growing by the -roadside, their boughs bending with fast ripening fruit. These were all -communally owned. France and Belgium are, verily, the high schools of -thrift.</p> - -<p>The Battalion went into billets at the quaint and attractive little -village of Bouzincourt. It was not an elegant village. Its houses all -looked jerry built; it adopted no particular plan. Bouzincourt was -the communal centre of a large agricultural district. There were no -outlying isolated farms. All were collected within the boundaries of -the village, in order to secure mutual protection. Each house in the -village had its barns and byres attached. One man was no richer than -his neighbour, and there was no incitement to ambition. The men who -remained, not subject to the military levies, were all old men. About -the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_34">[34]</span> village the most distinguished person was the curé, whose air of -aloofness and stern piety was spoiled by the fat and puffy appearance -of his housekeeper, visibly addicted to snuff, so that all fine -impressions vanished.</p> - -<p>The Battalion was soon distributed round the village, the men in -comfortable barns and the officers in the farm houses. Dinner had been -prepared <i>en route</i> in the travelling kitchens, and was served -immediately on settling down. Interest was languid and appetites -mechanical, and, due to the incessant movement and cramped travelling -of the past thirty-six hours, the troops sank into oblivion in this -restful arcadia.</p> - -<div class="sidenote"><i>August, 1915</i></div> - -<p>It is usually the unexpected that happens. Instead of going into the -trenches straightaway day succeeded day in peaceful routine work, and -this period of our history in France approximated more closely to a -rest than any we had yet experienced. By this very immunity from trench -cares we missed what must have been a most interesting experience—that -of taking over trenches from the French army, who were now released for -service elsewhere. This engaging duty fell to the 8th Liverpools, who -took over the new sector on August 1st.</p> - -<p>On August 3rd the commanding officer and two officers per company -visited the trenches, which were to the east of Aveluy, a village three -or four kilometres to the east of Bouzincourt, a direct road over a -ridge connecting the two. This road, the top and eastern slope of which -was in view of the enemy, was impracticable in daylight. A wide detour -had therefore to be made via Engelbelmer and Albert. On approaching the -latter place a first view was obtained of the damaged campanile of the -church—the Eglise Notre Dame de Brebières—a pitiful sight and one to -linger in the memory. The spectacle of the beautiful gilded statue of -the Mother and Child hanging perilously head downward, through the vile -attentions of the Hun, was moving in the extreme. There are some phases -of this war to be dismissed with a smile, but wanton<span class="pagenum" id="Page_35">[35]</span> destruction such -as this, the Cloth Hall at Ypres, Rheims Cathedral, and a hundred other -tragic horrors of fallen stones, can evoke only tears. Nothing can -atone for them, least of all German <i>Kultur</i>!</p> - -<p>And so over the square, pitted with shell holes, out of the town again, -three kilometres to the north, and under the light railway running to -Guillemont and Combles, we come to Aveluy, a neat little village just -behind the line. It has had its share of attention by the enemy, but -is still inhabited by a section of the villagers. Down a declivity, -at the bottom of which flow the waters of the Ancre—a considerable -stream, limpid and pellucid, but suspect and taboo, as its head waters -are in the German lines. Over the culvert and up the other side, -past a roadside shrine, close to which are the ration and ammunition -dumps, and, meeting more rising ground, we come to the entrance of the -communication trench, which it was well to use.</p> - -<p>The first effect of these remarkable trenches was speechless amazement. -These were trenches such as we had never experienced hitherto. In the -north we had been accustomed to sand-bagged breastworks; but here the -trenches were deep and wound serpent-wise, in a fashion that left the -stranger utterly bewildered. It was a labyrinthine system, constructed -according to the suggestion of the natural contours, and not following -any stereotyped plan, as at the Quinque Rue. On first acquaintance -with these amazing passages it was impossible to move about with any -assurance whatever. Not until a lengthy residence therein had made us -familiar with the names could we walk about with a perfect sense of -direction. The communication trenches crossed each other, doubled back, -affected the most bizarre forms.</p> - -<p>Our new trenches, designated “F.1” sub-sector, spread fanwise over -a saddle of rising ground, disappearing on the northern extremity -into Authuille Wood, which was of considerable size. The names of the -trenches under their former French occupants had followed the system of -perpetuating the memory of French heroes who had died for their country -or<span class="pagenum" id="Page_36">[36]</span> otherwise rendered signal service. This system, admirable as it -seems, was now being replaced by our own more practical method, and we -found ourselves struggling from Post Donnet to Palatine, Fishergate, -or John o’Gaunt Street. The Battalion frontage was extensive, -approximating a mile in length. From its highest point, opposite -Ovillers, a magnificent enfilading view disclosed the wreckage of La -Boisselle, separated by a wicked little gut of very narrow width, known -as Sausage Valley, from the divisional trenches further on our right, -which were entrusted to our Highland comrades.</p> - -<p>It was in these trenches that the French army had lived, relieved only -at irregular intervals. In the parados men had dug holes, where, two by -two, they slept like dogs in kennels, a curtain of rough sacking fixed -by a rusty bayonet, serving as a protection from wind and rain and sun. -Inside one eats, sleeps, sings, and sometimes dies. The shelters of the -officers are a little larger, and the first-aid posts have the choice -of security. Each company has its telephone and telegraph instruments. -A liaison is established between all posts of command. Here men are -reading, others are writing home those few words which mothers, -wives and sweethearts alone cherish for their preciousness. There a -stretcher-bearer is binding up a wound. By raising the head a strip -of blue sky can be seen. Yes, the sky can be blue at the front, the -flowers can bloom, and the birds can sing. Here and there was a piece -of chalk carving in which the French “Tommies” were vastly skilled, -or a welcoming banneret, such as “Pitou shakes hands with the British -Tommy.”</p> - -<p>By their very scope and efficiency these trenches required constant -vigilance and attention to keep them in repair, and the Battalion -now began to furnish the usual nightly working parties for this -purpose. Otherwise life in Bouzincourt continued its pleasant and -uneventful routine. The weather was beautiful and the inhabitants -kind and hospitable to the best of their limited means. One of the -families stands out as a pleasing memory. M. and Madame —— were the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_37">[37]</span> -owners of a roomy house standing back from the village street, the -front laid out as a garden, full of old-fashioned and sweet-smelling -flowers, geraniums, roses, hollyhocks and pinks. Monsieur was a -<i>cultivateur</i> and looked after the outlying fields. The son was at -the front, as was the husband of the eldest of two daughters, Germaine -and Suzanne. The interior of this delightful household was as homely -and attractive as the exterior promised, and the family kindness -itself. The Battalion staff were allotted this peer of billets, and -afterwards the transport officer and the writer had the felicity to -succeed and so speak with authority and conviction.</p> - -<p>On the 7th August, at 9 p.m., the Battalion marched over the ridge -by companies to take over trenches from the 8th Liverpools, and so -remained without a break for three weeks—eloquent testimony to their -habitableness. From the first things were comparatively quiet, and -we had to contend with only spasmodic shelling. On the 10th “C” and -“D” Companies, on the left, were bombarded during the morning. The -bombardment was intermittent, but “D” Company had an unpleasant time -from 12 noon to 12.30 and had one casualty. On the 14th some little -shelling occurred, and Private Burton, of “B” Company, was killed. A -new duty, and one which caused some swelling of pride, was now imposed -on us. For some time the new units of “Kitchener’s Army” had been -pouring into France, and very workmanlike they looked. Each night a -company from the 6th Royal Berks, and later from the 8th Norfolks, -arrived in our trenches for instruction and were relieved the following -night by another company. A diversion of an even more pleasurable kind -was to take possession of the Battalion from now onwards. We had been -three months at the front, and thus qualified for the privilege of -“seven days’ leave.” Parties were organised weekly and despatched on -their way to England, to the good-natured envy of those left behind, -who volunteered sound advice, which may, or may not, have been acted -upon by the fortunate ones.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_38">[38]</span></p> - -<p>On the 16th our heavy artillery bombarded La Boisselle on the right, -and the enemy replied later on our trenches. On the 17th there was -shelling of our line, and Lance-Corporal Woodward, of “B” Company, was -killed by a sniper, while on the 19th, after a very quiet morning, -we exploded a mine at La Boisselle and put in some big shells later. -The enemy retaliated with trench mortars and shrapnel and later his -machine guns fired on the communication trench and the road to Aveluy, -altogether rather a disturbed night. Private Robinson, of “C” Company, -had his face grazed by a bullet. On the 21st the Battalion was relieved -by the 8th Liverpool Irish and moved back to the support trench. The -weather remained perfect, but the nights were cold. The companies -held inspection of clothing and equipment and work was carried on -with deepening two new communication trenches. On the 23rd five new -officers joined the Battalion and were posted, Lieut. B. A. Leslie to -“B,” Second-Lieut. H. H. Hodkinson to “A,” Second-Lieut. C. G. Chapman -to “B,” Second-Lieut. G. J. Purnell to “C,” and Second-Lieut. E. D. M. -Meyler to “D” Company.</p> - -<p>On the 28th August the Battalion was relieved by the Loyals and -5th Lancashire Fusiliers, and at midnight marched into billets at -Martinsart. The weather had changed, and the move took place in very -heavy rain, over muddy roads. This would have been bearable if decent -billets had been available on arrival, but, with the exception of -La Gorgue, these were the dirtiest and most dilapidated billets we -had encountered. The surroundings of this depressing village were a -sea of mud, where the unfortunate transport animals were picketed -standing fetlock deep. The Battalion was in Divisional Reserve, -and there were also located here details of the 1st Indian Cavalry -Division Headquarters. On the 29th the Commanding Officer reported at -Headquarters, 51st Division, at Senlis (a notable feature of which -place were the natural underground caverns) and also at Headquarters, -Indian Cavalry Division. Working parties were furnished on the 30th -and 31st for work on the roads at Bouzincourt, and in<span class="pagenum" id="Page_39">[39]</span> the trenches. -Bombing instruction was going on apace and three officers and one -hundred other ranks attended the Bombing School at Aveluy. Officers -from each Company also reconnoitred routes to Authuille, a small -village north-east of Martinsart. Time was spent on much-needed repairs -to billets, the weather continuing bad, more heavy rain falling at -this time. A few small shells were put into the village but no harm -was done, but on the 4th September ten more were dropped and Private -Drinkall, “C” Company, was wounded.</p> - -<div class="sidenote"><i>September, 1915</i></div> - -<p>On this evening billets were handed over to the 5th Lancashire -Fusiliers, and the Battalion moved off to the trenches in relief of -three Companies of the 8th Liverpools in the old line, relief being -completed by 9.15 p.m. The night was very quiet. At 8 p.m. on the 5th -“B” Company sent out a reconnoitring patrol in front of the barbed -wire, who returned safely with some useful information. Soon after -midnight on the 8th an enemy patrol was captured. This patrol of one -Officer and three men came in at one of the listening posts on the -left of the sector. They came down the front of our wire and were -watched by our listening post, consisting of Lance-Corporal H. Martin -and Private J. Carrick, “D” Company, who waited until they were quite -close and then challenged. The enemy patrol at once surrendered. This -capture was excellently managed. The following night about a dozen -small calibre shells were sent over and the enemy appeared to be trying -to locate our listening post where the capture had been made. On the -12th Lance-Corporal Martin proceeded to Army Headquarters, where he was -presented with the Distinguished Conduct Medal and promoted Corporal -for his recent fine work. We were now negotiating the maze of trenches -with more confidence, and even the communication trenches held no -terrors for us. In traversing this trench at night from the line one -would encounter a weird apparition approaching from the opposite end, -and more by way of greeting than challenge, would call out, “Who are -you?” and the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_40">[40]</span> reply, “O’ll tell thi who I am lad, O’m a walking dump!” -was quickly confirmed when a shadow bearing a corrugated iron sheet, a -roll of wire and a duck board brushed past to its destination in the -front line. This gratifying intelligence genially imparted and duly -assimilated, both went their ways ruminating on the queerness of things.</p> - -<p>The trenches had been previously inspected by the 152nd Brigade, and on -the 21st September we were relieved by the 5th Seaforth Highlanders. -The Battalion moved into billets at Hénencourt, a rather longer -march than we had had recently. We found the billets in fair order, -but experienced some trouble with the Officers of an entrenching -Battalion, which was eventually amicably settled. After this small -<i>contretemps</i>, and after seeing to the needs of their men, some -of the younger generation of our Officers started to forage for a -meal for themselves and finally settled on the estaminet in the main -street, “Au Petit Caporal,” as promising the best results—a prescient -choice. Any visitor to this village is strongly advised to call and -ask for mutton cutlets. They will delight his heart. Let him also ask -for Epernay, for the <i>cuvée</i> is above reproach. The hospitable -Picard family of this inn included a grandam, on whom the asperities -of advancing age had not yet begun to make an impression. She sat in -her corner chair like a queen, very calm and dignified. Her regal -manners and pleasing countenance, combined with a natural affability, -were touching and striking proofs of a well-ordered household. -Madame prepared our cutlets, while Mademoiselle, whose unaffected -simplicity and distinguished mien proclaimed her at once a charming -kitchen-lieutenant, was pleased to serve us.</p> - -<p>The time was now spent in the usual “rest” fashion, holding -inspections, making up deficiencies in kit, parades (not forgetting -pay parades), and route marching. On the 26th the Battalion quitted -billets and marched from Hénencourt to Aveluy. This march was not very -well carried out and caused some concern<span class="pagenum" id="Page_41">[41]</span> to the Adjutant. It had been -evident for some time that the step of the men was losing some of its -wonted fire, and this could confidently be ascribed to long periods in -the trenches, where, although there was an abundance of manual labour -to be done, pedal exercise was out of the question. We took over the -support trenches from the 6th Seaforths, the weather being wet and much -colder.</p> - -<div class="sidenote"><i>October, 1915</i></div> - -<p>On October 1st, Brigadier-General Hibbert, commanding the 154th -Brigade, received a bullet wound in the shoulder when visiting Poste -Les Dos, and we were sorry to lose his guidance. One man of “B” Company -was also wounded at this post. An order was received reminiscent of -earlier days after mobilization, when the Battalion was decimated by -similar orders, for fourteen N.C.O.’s and men to return to England -for work in the Hodbarrow mines, but our trench stores were enriched -by the addition of forty-eight knobkerries—a fearsome weapon. We -were relieved in the trenches by the 5th Lancashire Fusiliers and -4th Loyals and went into billets at Aveluy. Second-Lieuts. Ward and -Keller joined and were posted to “A” and “B” Companies, respectively. -Working parties for the trenches were provided, as usual, but the men -preferred being in the trenches to proceeding there daily for work. On -the 7th, Brigadier-General Edwards took over command of the Brigade, -an appointment which, to our untutored minds, appeared unusual, he -being a Cavalry Officer. On the 8th we were inspected by Major-General -Harper, 51st Divisional Commander, taking over trenches and stores from -the outgoing Battalion in the evening. On this occasion these were not -found satisfactory. They strove to impress upon us that these trenches -were a paragon of comfort to what they themselves had taken over. It -was always curious to note how invariably sceptical of improvements -were any new comers. The qualities attributed to the “last lot in” were -never very flattering, but on this occasion we felt, with reason, that -we had not received a square deal and rebelled accordingly.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_42">[42]</span></p> - -<p>A period of comparative quiet followed our taking over. Patrols under -Second-Lieut. Hodkinson reconnoitred the ground in front of Ovillers, -and Private Walker, “C” Company, was slightly wounded. The Battalion -now encountered a further piece of bad luck on the 13th, when the -Commanding Officer, Lieut.-Colonel R. Thompson, was sent to the Field -Ambulance, wounded by shrapnel when in the fire trench, and the command -devolved on Major N. E. Barnes. Problems for the new C.O. were soon -forthcoming when Captain Jackson, the Adjutant, was appointed to act -as Brigade Major. This officer had done well in knitting the Battalion -together on and after mobilization, and, although we felt his loss -severely, everyone was pleased that his qualities had been suitably -recognised. He was a fine athlete, and many times had the Battalion in -difficulties trying to emulate his tireless pace at exercise. Captain -Tillyard was appointed to succeed him.</p> - -<div class="sidenote"><i>Oct.–Nov., 1915</i></div> - -<p>The usual spasmodic shelling, rifle and machine gun fire was taking -place in the trenches. On the 21st we were relieved by the 8th -Liverpools, “A” and “D” Companies, and Battalion going to Lower Poste -Donnet and “B” and “C” Headquarters to Poste Lesdos. The weather at -this time was misty. On the 27th we were relieved by the Loyals and -Lancashire Fusiliers, and went into billets in Aveluy. On the night -of the 30th/31st the enemy fired about eighty howitzer and field gun -shells into the village. The majority, fortunately, did not explode, -and no billets were hit or damage done. Private J. Vincent, “C” -Company, was killed, and Sergeant Wells, “D,” and Corporal Holmes, -“A” Company, wounded on a night working party. On the 2nd November we -relieved the 8th Liverpools in the trenches. We found these in a very -bad state. A large part of the fire trench in “C” and “D” Companies -section had fallen in. Rivington and John o’Gaunt Streets were nearly -impassable. Immediate work on these was imperative. This was again -an opportunity for “D” Company to show its mettle. Many times had<span class="pagenum" id="Page_43">[43]</span> -these men from Millom, iron ore miners in peace time, wrought wonders -with pick and shovel, to the amazement (and admiration) of their less -skilled comrades. The trenches at Aveluy were but one more achievement -to their credit.</p> - -<div class="sidenote"><i>November, 1915</i></div> - -<p>The weather was now definitely bad, cold, wet and the wind north-east. -It will be convenient here to refer to the “comforts” which, since -mobilization, had been collected and sent out to us by private -enterprise. These comforts consisted of many things, principally wool -underwear, socks and mufflers and tobacco and cigarettes. The Battalion -was extremely fortunate in its friends at home, and the severe weather -which now overtook us tended to emphasise those feelings of gratitude -which were present at all times. On the 7th we were relieved by the -6th Argyle and Sutherland Highlanders, and proceeded by Companies to -Hénencourt, where new billets were taken over, the next two days being -devoted to cleaning rifles and the more difficult task of cleaning -clothing. This was saturated with the thick, glutinous mud of the -trenches, and it was almost impossible to make any impression on the -greatcoats.</p> - -<p>On the 10th, Lieut.-Colonel F. M. Carleton, D.S.O., assumed command of -the Battalion. He was an ex-regular Officer of the Regiment, who some -years previously had served as Adjutant of the Battalion. In addition -to the D.S.O., he wore the ribbons for the South and West African -campaigns and the Nile Expedition 1897. Almost at once the Battalion -began to feel the influence of a new personality. This influence had -the quality of the east wind, and, with all its tonic properties, the -Battalion felt impelled to brace itself unwontedly to meet its cutting -edge. Our education was not yet complete. We continued in rest billets -at Hénencourt until the 16th, when we marched to Authuille to relieve -the 7th Gordons in “G.1” sub-sector. The transport moved to Martinsart.</p> - -<p>This new area, just north of our previous line at Aveluy, had -previously been reconnoitred by our<span class="pagenum" id="Page_44">[44]</span> Officers and was, therefore, more -or less familiar. It was roughly the segment of a circle, of which the -centre was the village of Authuille. The boundary radii were Campbell -Avenue and Thiepval Avenue. The former followed the course of the road -that inclined from Authuille to Ovillers. The other avenue led direct -to Thiepval of evil fame, until the bulwark of our front line rudely -cut it short at a point where a solitary telegraph pole shot up out of -an immense wilderness of weeds. Within this circumscribed area were -many once excellent trenches, but now in bad condition, and a few on -which a malevolent influence seemed continually to rest. The shelters -as they existed were designed to withstand only a moderate shelling, -were in poor condition, but they fulfilled our modest expectations. -All were accommodated in trenches or shelters, including Headquarters, -except the latter’s Mess. Some inspired scout had discovered a disused -and comfortable cellar in the village, and this provided an excellent -mess room. It was a very quiet period.</p> - -<p>On the 22nd we were relieved by the 4th Loyals and went into dugouts -in Authuille. The chief desideratum was to keep warm, and the demands -on the Quartermaster for coal, coke and charcoal for the braziers were -peremptory. In the conveyance of these supplies the writer witnessed a -small epic in transport. The route led from Martinsart, where Driver -“Dorcas” Dixon harnessed his pair of mules to a limber and departed, -loaded above the military Plimsoll line. These mules, the pride of -their driver, were sleek creatures, slender-limbed and thin-flanked, -with a gliding motion deceptive to the uninitiated. Skimming along -with their 2½ ton burden all went well until, half-way through the -Bois d’Aveluy, the worn track crossed a shallow depression filled -with 18 inches of mud. The mules’ attempt to negotiate this was all -but successful, but they came to a compulsory halt just short. No -persuasion and certainly no violence would have stirred them. They had -done their best and achieved a splendid failure.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_45">[45]</span></p> - -<p>From the 23rd to the 27th was a very quiet period. The usual working -parties were furnished. A draft of forty-four men arrived, including -some we had left behind in England. Lieut. Brocklebank rejoined after -undergoing instruction in Adjutant’s duties with the 1st Cheshire -Regiment. On the 28th we were relieved by the 5th Seaforths and -returned to billets in Hénencourt. We had suffered only one casualty, -but we here lost the further services of Major Rutherford, the Medical -Officer, who was incapacitated by the recent rigours of trench life and -was now transferred for duty with the Divisional Field Ambulance. His -place was taken temporarily by Captain Titmas, R.A.M.C.</p> - -<div class="sidenote"><i>Nov.–Dec., 1915</i></div> - -<p>Until the 5th December we followed the usual “rest” routine in these -well-tried billets. Much time was spent in removing mud from equipment -and clothing. This tenacious element, matter in the wrong place, added -considerably to the difficulties of marching. On this day we marched -back to trenches and relieved a unit of the 153rd Brigade on the left -of “F.1” sector at Aveluy. Three Companies were in the firing line -and one in support. The front line was divided into three groups, the -spaces in between being impassable owing to mud. The trench in the -middle of the salient was badly smashed up by a bombardment a few -days previously. Battalion Headquarters were at Lower Donnet. The -three Companies in the front line were relieved the following day by -two Companies (overstrength) of the 17th Highland Light Infantry, the -relieved Companies going into billets in Aveluy. Captain J. Caddy and -Lieut. J. A. T. Clarke joined from the third line unit. Captain Caddy -had served as Staff Captain of our Brigade until invalided some few -months previously and now rejoined for duty. He was succeeded as Staff -Captain by Captain J. Fisher. Some shells fell on Aveluy on and around -the railway bridge, and one man was wounded.</p> - -<p>On the 11th we relieved the 17th Highland Light Infantry in the -trenches, where conditions were now exceedingly bad, especially for -“A” and “C” Companies.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_46">[46]</span> Mud was over the knees in most places. Things -were very quiet, accounted for by the fact that the enemy’s trenches -were in a similar predicament to our own, as reported by one of our -reconnoitring patrols under Lance-Corporal Bates. The time was occupied -in attempting to clean the trench, and cases of trench feet began to -occur through constant standing in the wet.</p> - -<div class="sidenote"><i>December, 1915</i></div> - -<p>Captain J. V. Barrow and Lieut. A. Beardsley were here ordered to -proceed to England to report to the War Office and left the Battalion, -much to our regret. On the 16th we were relieved and marched back to -billets in Hénencourt. Here the usual peaceful routine was shattered -by a tragedy. Second-Lieut. Ward, whilst demonstrating to a class of -beginners in the use of Hand Grenade No. 1, accidentally exploded -the bomb, with the result that he was badly wounded and died almost -immediately afterwards. One man was killed and thirteen others wounded. -Needless to say this event cast a gloom over the remainder of our stay -in billets.</p> - -<div class="sidenote"><i>January, 1916</i></div> - -<p>Lieut. J. H. C. Gatchell, R.A.M.C., was appointed Medical Officer of -the unit in place of Captain Titmas, and forty reinforcements arrived. -On the 21st we relieved the 6th Black Watch in Authuille village, with -“C” Company in Mound Keep, the time being devoted to cleaning shelters -and putting up wire beds. The enemy put over thirty-two shells in the -vicinity of Mound Keep, which seemed to be intended for MacMahon’s -Blockhouse. No shell hit the building and no casualties or damage was -done. We marked Christmas Day by moving into the front line in relief -of the 4th Loyals, and the Germans shelled Martinsart and killed one -of our mules. We were thankful to find the trenches comparatively -dry, and after being worked at, habitable. We here lost Major R. P. -Little, who was sent to hospital and thence to England, sick. Lieut. E. -Spearing had the bad luck to get in the way of a rifle grenade, which -he received in the shoulder, and went to the Field Ambulance, wounded. -Second-Lieut. Leslie Bowman joined the Battalion from the third line -unit.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_47">[47]</span> The trenches were fairly quiet, trench mortars being the chief -offenders. Several dud “oil cans” were sent over by “Fritz.” Evidence -had been accumulating for some time that moves on an unusual scale -were being contemplated. This evidence was confirmed when the Brigade -was relieved on the 2nd January by the 96th Infantry Brigade, and we -marched into billets once more at Hénencourt.</p> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_48">[48]</span></p> - -<h3>CHAPTER IV.<br /> -<span class="subhed">Arras.</span></h3></div> - -<p class="drop-cap p-left">All this time in France our Brigade had formed part of the 51st -(Highland) Division. This apparent anomaly—a Lancashire brigade in -a Highland division—arose through paucity of men and the consequent -necessity for compression and rearrangement of units in the early -days. The unusual association worked remarkably well. The subsequent -careers of the two Divisions—the 51st and 55th—on the Western Front, -both of which won outstanding reputations, serves but to emphasise the -sentiments of respect for a fine Division, which were ours throughout -the time we had the unique honour of serving with them. Times were -changing, and we were to get back to our own Lancashire formation. -What was to be our last stay in Hénencourt was very short, and on -the 3rd the Battalion girded itself together and set off on a series -of marches, by fairly easy stages, for its new destination. The end -of the first day found us at Montigny, and on the second at Coisy, -where Second-Lieut. P. J. Blundell joined us. Here we stayed two days, -and, continuing our movement further and further west, and further -and further away from the din and squalor of the trenches, we passed -through delightful country unspoiled by the ravages of war, through La -Chaussee, where we stayed one night, until on the 7th we marched into -Longpré-les-Corps-Saints, footsore and weary, and not ill-disposed to -the long rest which followed.</p> - -<p>Henceforward we belonged to the 164th Brigade, 55th (West Lancs.) -Division. The process of collection and assimilation of the component -parts of a Division—Artillery, Royal Engineers, Infantry and the -Auxiliary Services—went on without a pause, under the supervision of -the new Divisional Commander, Major-General Sir Hugh Jeudwine, who -on closer acquaintance and in the fullness of time came to be known -by the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_49">[49]</span> affectionate and not disrespectful appellation “Judy.” The -Infantry units comprising the 164th Brigade were the 4th King’s Own, -8th Liverpool (Irish), 4th Loyals and 5th Lancashire Fusiliers. After -a rest and clean up we began to take stock of our new surroundings. -A sense of exhilaration and freedom from the clogging discomforts of -the trenches prevailed, and we were in no mood to be critical. Had we -been so fault could have been found with the billets, which should -have been of the best in this rural backwater. Quite clearly they -had been misused and adverse opinion of the “last lot in” was again -freely expressed. They were probably new arrivals in France, and only -experience would disclose the practical value of the adage “Do unto -others.” In putting this disorder to rights we had to overcome the -antagonism of the inhabitants to English troops caused thereby, and -many were the complaints to be heard and assuaged. A more cordial -atmosphere was eventually established, but the “last lot in” had -bequeathed a legacy of horse-work.</p> - -<p>The surrounding country was well adapted for what followed. Battalion -training of a simple and not too strenuous nature. The land was -undulating in a pleasing way and eminently suited to small tactical -schemes. Here and there were patches of level ground where ceremonial -drill could be practised. The month being January no crops were -endangered, and the weather for the time of year was excellent. Time -was even found to form a class of equitation for Officers. This was -of the homely variety, and it is not without humour to review this -imposing parade. All the young gentlemen, not otherwise required for -duty, were mounted on a mixed lot of hairies, limber and pack animals, -those with a little previous knowledge adopting an attitude of bored -toleration to their less gifted colleagues. This pleasant exercise went -on for some time, but tragedy all but overtook it. Lieut. Hodkinson had -his long legs astride a yellow pack pony, the pony stumbled, and in -falling poor Hodkinson’s foot failed to disconnect with the stirrup. -The pony bolted, dragging its rider along the ground,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_50">[50]</span> and it had -travelled a score or two yards before it was stopped by the horrified -instructor. Hodkinson was unconscious, rather badly injured, and was -in hospital for many days before we saw him again. Equitation was -discontinued.</p> - -<p>There arrived at this time a draft of sixty-three men, the largest -to be received so far, also Second-Lieuts. Corless, Myatt, J. Welch -and W. B. McCall joined the Battalion from the Third Line Unit, the -latter being posted to “D” Company. On the 17th a scheme of attack -was well carried out, the Signallers, under Sergeant T. H. Middleton, -particularly distinguishing themselves. On the 22nd we were inspected -and reviewed by the Brigadier, who was good enough to express himself -satisfied. This was a good result considering the small opportunity -we had had to practise this exacting ceremony. Captain Tillyard -relinquished his appointment as Adjutant and left for duty at Salonica. -He was a gifted linguist and his services were needed further afield. -He was succeeded by Lieut. H. A. Brocklebank, who now took over the -duties of Adjutant. Captain W. D. Barratt left the Battalion to be O.C. -at the new Divisional School at Hallencourt, and Captain J. M. Mawson, -having been appointed to the Staff at Etaples, was struck off the -strength of the Battalion. On the 26th, Lance-Corporal D. Winnicott, -“C” Company, proceeded to England, having been granted a Commission -in the Sherwood Foresters. On the 29th there was a Divisional -concentration march. The Battalion left Longpré at 8 a.m. and reached -Hallencourt at 10.45, where the whole Division was reviewed by the -Corps Commander, which ordeal having been negotiated successfully, we -returned to billets at 2.30 p.m.</p> - -<p>Our pleasant stay at Longpré was rapidly drawing to a conclusion. -Having received its hall mark from the Corps Commander our newly-formed -Division began to bestir itself, and stretch its wings as it were, -prior to new flights. On the 30th January, 1916, at 12 noon, we left -Longpré for the last time and marched to Berteaucourt. The Commanding -Officer having<span class="pagenum" id="Page_51">[51]</span> gone on short leave, Major N. E. Barnes was in command -of the Battalion at this time. From here we marched to Candas, where we -were to have another lengthy stay under new conditions. Captain Wright -here rejoined from the Machine Gun Company and took over command of “D” -Company, Second-Lieut. Chapman replacing him.</p> - -<p>Candas was a rather insignificant village in the back area, and its -importance now lay in its suggestion of a portent. The first stirrings -were evident of the giant which, in six months’ time, was to transform -the face of Northern France, and the whole aspect of the war. We were -now to be initiated into these beginnings and make acquaintance with -a remarkable organization—the R.O.D., or, to be less mysterious, -the Railway Operating Division. This marvellous enterprise was -run under the ægis of the Royal Engineers, but probably even that -distinguished Corps would disclaim full credit for all its activities -and achievements. Its personnel must have been largely recruited from -those to the manner born, and with the making and running of railways -in the blood, as it were. The rate at which these light railways were -growing, connecting existing systems, and extending eventually to the -very front, was a source of wonder and amazement.</p> - -<p>The surroundings of Candas, flat and uninteresting, lent themselves -admirably to the service of yet another phenomenon making itself -manifest. The Royal Flying Corps, like the Artillery, had been with us -from the beginning, but in minute doses, and to see a British aeroplane -was an unusual experience. Powerful forces were at work to remedy this -deficiency, which before long were to give undisputed supremacy in the -air to the Allies. We found an Aerodrome established at Candas and -were prepared to pay homage to its novel personnel. But we reckoned -without our unwilling hosts; not only the canteens, but the village -estaminets were locked, bolted and barred against the alien. This was -a matter which called for instant adjustment. There were infantry<span class="pagenum" id="Page_52">[52]</span> -before Pontius Pilate, and this proud arm will survive when the odour -of petrol has once more been forgotten! We are not aware whether -Major Barnes’ representations took this trenchant form, but his views -eventually prevailed, and a truce was proclaimed.</p> - -<div class="sidenote"><i>February, 1916</i></div> - -<p>On the 1st February the Battalion took over fatigue duties from the -9th Inniskilling Fusiliers. These duties were carried out under -the direction of the 112th (Railway) Company, R.E., and consisted -in constructing a light railway stretching between Candas and -Puckevillers. It was hard work, but interesting and not unpleasant. -Each day the working parties went out to railhead, which daily -extended, taking their mid-day meal with them, and returning to billets -at the close of the day’s work. The billets were good, the amenities -fair, and existence supportable during those halcyon days. Further -serious demands on our already lamentably depleted Roll of Officers -had now to be met when orders were received for Major Barnes to be -attached to G.H.Q. for special duty and for Captain Barratt to proceed -to England for munition work. This continued attrition could not in -the nature of things conduce to the efficiency and contentment of the -Battalion, which now bore visible evidence of these changes, and it is -a tribute to the Battalion’s innate qualities that these involuntary -departures had no lasting ill effects.</p> - -<p>This pleasant interlude lasted for a fortnight, when once again rumours -of change filled the air. These duly materialised, and on the 15th the -Battalion left Candas at 9.30 a.m. and marched to Thieures, a distance -of 11 miles, arriving at 1.30 p.m. after a good march, the weather -being in our favour. There we went into billets for the night. Leaving -Thieures at 9 a.m. on the following morning we set out on the most -villainous march it is possible to imagine. The weather was appalling, -with continuous storms of rain accompanied by a gale, and it was a -limp and sorry crowd that hobbled into Sombrin at 2 p.m. and dissolved -from view into billets already prepared to<span class="pagenum" id="Page_53">[53]</span> dry itself to the best -of the means available. No further moves being contemplated for the -present we settled down for some days, these being devoted to Battalion -training. Sergeant Adamson was detached to Brigade Headquarters as -Instructor at the Brigade Bombing School. Lieut.-Colonel Carleton took -over temporary command of the 164th Brigade and the command of the -Battalion consequently devolved on Captain J. Caddy. Training continued -but was much interfered with by the weather. It was very cold with -heavy snow and frost, the roads being in very bad condition. At 3 p.m. -the Battalion left Sombrin and moved to Monchiet, only a matter of six -miles, but another awful march, due to causes different in character -to the last march, but even more trying in their effects. It blew a -blizzard and was very cold. The roads were in bad order, very tiring -for the men, and nearly impossible for the transport. Lieut. Neill had -a terrible time, but eventually got his transport through. We passed -other transport hopelessly ditched and during the night sent parties -back to help them out of their difficulties. The snow was quite deep. -At Monchiet there joined us a taciturn youth who on introduction, -emerged as Lieut. Wilson, R.A.M.C., who remained with us as <i>locum -tenens</i> for Lieut. Gatchell, our Medical Officer, who was now on -leave. Lieut. Wilson was to join us permanently at a later date and -loom large in the life of the Battalion—but that is anticipating. At 5 -p.m. on the 26th February we left Monchiet and marched to the trenches, -relieving the 10th Liverpool Scottish in the Blamont and Ravine -trenches in front of Bretencourt.</p> - -<p>The area in which we now found ourselves formed a portion of the large -re-entrant of which the tortured city of Arras was the apex. The lines -of trenches fell away from Arras, in a north-westerly direction towards -Aubigny and Loos, and in a south-westerly direction towards Blairville -and beyond. A great national highway ran arrow-straight from Doullens -to Arras, and in moving from Sombrin and Monchiet<span class="pagenum" id="Page_54">[54]</span> on the north the -Battalion had to cross this highway on its way to the trenches, -situated about ten miles to the south-west of Arras. After crossing -this highway the land dipped sharply to the village below. The upper -portion, being in view of the enemy and subject to his attentions, -was traversed by a communication trench which it were well to utilise -in daylight. The village, lying snugly at the lower end of this -communication trench, rejoiced in at least two names, if not three. -Officially it was known as Bretencourt, but was equally well known -as Rivière. It was only about a mile from the line, but many of its -inhabitants still clung on to their possessions. Owing to its peculiar -position it was comparatively safe, but was subject to high angle fire -at times, especially from machine guns. Leaving the village the route -rose sharply, past the White Chateau occupied by Brigade Headquarters, -and so to the last communication trench. This leads to “The Quarry,” a -ready-made shelter, where Battalion Headquarters and the First Field -Dressing Station are located, thence to the front line.</p> - -<p>The Battalion held the right sub-sector of the 164th Brigade front, -with the 166th Brigade on the right and 165th Brigade on the left. -In front was Blairville in German hands. Intervening, and extending -for some 200 yards was No Man’s Land, in the middle of which was a -considerable clump of osiers, in which patrols from both sides were -wont to indulge in grim little games of hide and seek.</p> - -<p>The enemy was quiet. It was still snowing hard and the trenches were -in a very bad state owing to the thaw which had set in. All available -men were set to work but this seemed to have very little effect. -Material was scarce, and with more snow falling things were serious. -Work was incessant and by the 29th there was a little improvement. A -few whizz-bangs were sent over by the enemy on the 1st March but did no -damage.</p> - -<p>Major-General Jeudwine, Commanding 55th Division visited the trenches -and was well pleased with the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_55">[55]</span> work done by the Battalion. On the 2nd -we were relieved by the 8th Liverpool (Irish) and marched back to -Monchiet. It was a poor march, the men being fatigued after incessant -work and bad weather in the trenches. We rested the following day, -occupying the time in much-needed cleaning of equipment. Snow commenced -to fall at 8 p.m. and continued all through the night. This lay to a -great depth next morning and the Battalion was engaged in clearing the -roads round Monchiet, working on the Gouy-Beaumetz and Doullens-Arras -roads. Second-Lieut. Bowman and 7 O.R. proceeded to Wisques for a Lewis -Gun Course. Next morning broke very fine and many aeroplanes were -about. The roads were in bad condition and the day was again devoted -to their improvement. On the 8th we marched back to the trenches and -relieved the 8th Liverpools. The trenches were again very bad and much -work had to be done. The evening was quiet but there was some little -sniping on the 13th and Company Sergeant-Major Gendle was fatally -wounded. On the 16th we went into Brigade Reserve in Bretencourt -village. Second-Lieuts. James Fisher, Keller and Hodkinson here -rejoined us, the latter from the Base Hospital after his rough-riding -mishap at Longpré. Second-Lieuts. Ferns, Thorpe, Lees and McClinton -and 43 other ranks also joined. Lieut. H. A. Brocklebank proceeded on -leave, and Lieut. W. C. Neill acted as Adjutant.</p> - -<div class="sidenote"><i>Mch.–Apl.–May, 1916</i></div> - -<p>For the next three months we remained under these conditions, and in -the same area. From the Blamont trenches to billets, these alternating -between Monchiet, Bretencourt and finally Simoncourt, the transport -having for some time been located at the latter village.</p> - -<div class="sidenote"><i>June, 1916</i></div> - -<p>It would be churlish to leave Bretencourt and not mention its popular -and prosperous estaminet, the Maison des Glaces, the Glass House, -admirably managed by three sisters, Marie, Irene and Adele (or was -it Eugenie?). It is ungallant to be remiss with mademoiselle’s name, -but more than one could assist as an <i>aide memoire</i>. One of our -young Officers was her <i>beau cavalier</i>, and it was a melting -sight to see the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_56">[56]</span> tender passages between the two. “Monsieur le -Bosche” was the somewhat startling endearment applied to our gallant, -probably accounted for by the fact that he wore glasses. Alas, -Mademoiselle would be distrait when she learnt that her impetuous -admirer, headstrong and bold as ever, was so soon to make the supreme -sacrifice. The interludes were good, the atmosphere genial, and the -wines above reproach. The weather had vastly improved and we were now -free from that portion of our troubles. The enemy, and ourselves, were -usually quiet, operations being confined to reconnoitring patrols. -Reconnoitring on our part had indeed become the standard pastime, -and many were the ghostly forays around the Osier Bed, to the wire -beyond. These forays were aided and abetted, indeed led by the C.O. -Whatever the wisdom of his personal indulgence as a <i>shikari</i>, -Col. Carleton’s practice coincided with his precepts. Emulation was -soon forthcoming and Lieut. Clarke emerged as the principal Battalion -fire-eater. It became recognised later that no raiding party was -complete without Capt. “Jat” Clarke and the incomparable Private -“Jerry” Holmes. This taking of gratuitous risks by Col. Carleton was -not confined to No Man’s Land. From billets in Bretencourt he was -wont to canter, attended by Capt. Caddy, out to morning exercise on -the sloping field already referred to, through which wound the first -communication trench. This was admirably adapted in normal times for -putting a blood mare through her beautiful paces, a charming spectacle, -and one which may have appealed to the Germans in whose view it was, -for they refrained from using it as a target. One of this remarkable -man’s recipes for successful campaigning was the importance of small -things. The Headquarters Mess became transformed under his tutelage -and received the admiring soubriquet “The Quarry Grill.” For some time -it had been clear that we were not to have his services for long, -and on the 12th Col. Carleton left to take over Command of the 98th -Infantry Brigade, Major G. B. Balfour taking temporary command of<span class="pagenum" id="Page_57">[57]</span> the -Battalion. On this date, too, Major-General Jeudwine, Commanding 55th -Division, made a most thorough inspection of the Battalion.</p> - -<div class="sidenote"><i>June–July, 1916.</i></div> - -<p>Talk of impending big events filled the air. We were intrigued by the -arrival of new drafts of Officers and men, and we looked amongst these -for new faces from the Furness District but these were becoming fewer. -Soon we were up to establishment, an unprecedented achievement for us. -Stores of all kinds became more plentiful, and were easier to replace -when lost or damaged, and there was a general air of expectancy. On -the 19th the Battalion left billets at Simoncourt and marched via -Berneville, Warlazel and Dainville Achicourt, to the trenches at Agny, -and relieved the 6th D.C.L.I. These trenches were situated a few miles -to the north-east of Blamont and about four miles south-west of Arras. -The prevailing unrest seemed to have permeated the Hun, and there was -much trench activity and some casualties on our side. Amongst these, -unfortunately, were Second-Lieut. Johnstone and three other ranks on -patrol duty wounded by our own outposts. This Officer had previously -captured two Germans from a German patrol.</p> - -<p>On the 25th Major J. L. Swainson, D.S.O., a regular Officer of the -D.C.L.I. arrived and took over Command of the Battalion. On the 12th -July we were relieved by the Liverpool Scottish and marched to Barly, -where for four days the Battalion underwent training with a view to an -offensive. On the 16th we took over Blamont trenches once more, and -on the 20th left Bretencourt for the last time, being relieved by a -Battalion of the Northumberland Fusiliers, and marched to Simoncourt.</p> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_58">[58]</span></p> - -<h3>CHAPTER V.<br /> -<span class="subhed">The Somme.</span></h3></div> - - -<div class="sidenote"><i>July, 1916</i></div> - -<p class="drop-cap p-left">Kits were now reduced to the required minimum. Surplus kit was stacked -and laid aside—with confidence this time that they would be available -on the return of less hectic times. G.S. wagons were laden and limbers -filled up to their limit, and the Battalion started off on another -pilgrimage, its ultimate destination as yet unknown, but only one -conclusion could be drawn from the thorough examination of equipment, -and the issue of trench maps delineating the battle-front of the Somme. -We made Sombrin on the first day after a tiring and dusty march. On the -22nd July the personnel of the Battalion were conveyed by motor bus to -Berneuil, the transport moving independently by road. Here we practised -the attack by sectional rushes. Before daylight had set in on the 25th -the Battalion was on the march, shaping its course through Fienvillers -to Candas where other troops, battle-stained and cheerful, laughed -at us through the mud and filth which days of incessant fighting had -imprinted on their faces. It was the first visible sign of the great -offensive.</p> - -<p>We entrained at Candas and crawled slowly away past Montrelet and -St. Ouen, following the beautiful valley of the Nievre. Optimistic -chatterers maintained that we were now pursuing a course directly -opposite to that which ought to take us to the front. They did not -know, however, that this branch line united with the main railroad -from Abbeville to Albért. And the crossing of the viaduct over the -Somme marshes soon brought us to the trunk line leading to the heart -of hostilities. To our disappointment the train passed through the -fine station of Amiens without stopping, the market gardens slipped -by, the little vignettes of Senegalese troops became a blur, Corbie of -old acquaintance faded from view,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_59">[59]</span> and at 2 o’clock we steamed into -railhead, Méricourt-Ribemont.</p> - -<p>Those of us who had known Méricourt of old were amazed at the change. -Then it had been a sleepy little station with a few sidings and a tent -or two for the accommodation of prospective <i>permissionaires</i>. Now -it was the busy centre of all the traffic in men and material feeding -the firing line in the sector of Albért. Immense stores of provisions -and endless piles of ammunition lay stacked ready for transport. German -prisoners, mostly unshaven, were engaged in road mending, or were -lazily watching the new troops. Under a blazing sun we marched out of -the station. Buire-sur-Ancre showed unmistakable signs of activity. -Tired men were dragging themselves along the hot, dusty road, traces -of recent fighting plain upon their faces. A few attempted to smile. -Sweat ran down and grooved the dirt upon their foreheads and cheeks. -Many lacked full equipment. Battalions came out under the command of -subalterns, careworn and ageing. Limbers and wagons were rushing up -towards the line with food for the men and ammunition for the guns. In -happy contrast to the stricken remnants returning from battle were our -fresh troops pouring in as reinforcements.</p> - -<p>From Méricourt we marched to Méaulte, near Albért, where the Town Major -had a particularly trying experience in accommodating Battalion after -Battalion in a very restricted area. Confusion at such a time and -place, however, was unavoidable. We now formed part of the 13th Corps, -Fourth Army. On the 26th we marched to Happy Valley, a comparatively -quiet backwater, and took over bivouacs from a Battalion of the 8th -Brigade, 3rd Division. Here four days were spent in training under -Company arrangements, including much-needed bathing parades to -Bray-sur-Somme. There was also an overdue presentation of decorations -by Brigadier-General Edwards. There had been a good many individual -exploits, thoroughly meriting recognition, and, indeed, recommended for -such, which were met with disapproval<span class="pagenum" id="Page_60">[60]</span> by the authorities on the ground -that the time was “inopportune,” and it was not until many more months -had passed that decorations began to flow with more facility. An enemy -aeroplane dropped bombs on the valley, but there were no casualties -amongst our men.</p> - -<p>On the night of 30th/31st July the Battalion marched north and took -over trenches on a line running north and south between Trones Wood -and Guillemont, relieving remnants of the 30th Division. In taking up -position we were heavily shelled, losing Second-Lieut. Lincey and three -other ranks killed and twelve wounded. Our artillery bombarded heavily -all day, and we spent the day digging in, including a shallow German -trench in their old line. The immensity of the push was now apparent to -us, and our eyes opened in astonishment at the awful havoc of the guns. -We, who had seen over twelve months’ service, astonished! A giant of -steel seemed to have ridden over the proud German defences. Villages -were wiped completely out of existence—Fricourt, Mametz, Carnoy, -Maricourt, Montauban, all a tumbled heap of rubble; woods were laid -waste. Saddest of all there was not a blade of green grass visible. -Trenches were everywhere blown out of recognition. In every direction -disused gun pits with piles of empty shell cases showed how the -artillery had advanced. Disrupted sandbags littered the broken earth. A -poignant reminder that victory is not purchased without cost lay in the -newly-delved earth, where blue flags were fluttering over the dead.</p> - -<p>The transport lay in bivouac in what had been German lines between -Fricourt and Maricourt. From this point of vantage much of the terrible -drama was visible. Not an inch of ground but was covered by war -material and troops resting. Mametz Road presented an unparalleled -scene of activity. Never for an instant was it idle. There were -up-roads and down-roads everywhere. Ammunition, food, guns went up the -one in constant streams; wounded and fatigued men, empty ammunition and -ration limbers, came<span class="pagenum" id="Page_61">[61]</span> rolling back on the other. Whenever any portion -of the road showed signs of wear, either by shell fire or natural -attrition, gangs of men from labour battalions set to work, metalling -and restoring. These men were nearly all over age. They had none of the -hot glory of conflict. To them fell no stirring battle honours. Yet who -but must admire the spirit that sent these gallant veterans into the -zone of shell fire.</p> - -<p>The view of the fighting from the actual front was, of necessity, -local. But here a much broader outlook was possible. Looking down -Mametz valley—“Death Valley” as it was colloquially known—towards -Montauban on the left and Trones Wood on the right centre, a mile -away, the immense superiority of our guns in the first place struck -the observer. The guns were everywhere, “ubique” indeed. They were -literally wheel to wheel. Recalling those dark days of 1915, when we -asked for support, and asked in vain, it made one’s heart rejoice, with -a strange exultation to see those inexhaustible stacks of shells and to -hear the incessant roaring of the guns.</p> - -<p>And then one could not fail to be impressed with our mastery of the -air. How effectively the enemy had been blinded became daily more -obvious. The hum of aircraft rung in the ears as the guns slackened. -All day long the droning battleplane wheeled over the scene of carnage. -Reconnoitring planes flew backwards and forwards with information -of enemy masses, train movements and gun positions. The more humble -contact planes hung a few hundred feet over the advancing troops and -reported progress to the artillery. They flew unperturbed over the -avalanche of our own shells. Whenever an objective was attained by our -infantry coloured flares ascended and the contact aeroplane immediately -conveyed the intelligence to the gunners, who lengthened their range -and prepared the ground for further advance.</p> - -<p>Not only in aeroplanes were we seemingly supreme. Observational work by -aircraft was necessarily hasty and brief. It was the captive balloon -that supplied<span class="pagenum" id="Page_62">[62]</span> the more detailed and continuous information. These -balloons were connected to earth by telephone. As many as twenty-five -could be counted swinging lazily in the breeze. Indeed, the increasing -salient of our battle-front, as we bit deeper and deeper into the -German defences, could be gauged by the wide crescent of these aerial -outposts.</p> - -<p>Not only above, but underneath, had this amazing tornado passed. Our -human moles had burrowed with an uncanny sense of direction right -underneath those ingeniously contrived German subterranean passages. -They had prepared—with an immense amount of patience, self-sacrifice -and danger, daring not only detection by the enemy, but the far more -insidious peril of poison gas—mines beside which those at La Boisselle -shrunk into pettiness. And then, in a moment, by the mere pressure of -an electric button, in a mighty convulsion they had overwhelmed all -those galleries and caverns where the enemy was cowering under the -avalanche of our shells.</p> - -<p>“Death Valley” then was now the centre of this hellish activity. -Blinded as they were the Germans poured a prodigal amount of ammunition -into it, and they had their own old positions ranged to a nicety. -And it is easy to understand how effective such a mass of fire could -be, when this was the only avenue by which rations could be brought -up to the infantry or ammunition for the guns. One would see a G.S. -waggon, pair of horses and driver, careering down this Satanic road -with ammunition, a stray shell, and blankness—nothing to mark the -event but an additional shell-hole, which the devoted labour corps -hurried out like solicitous ants to investigate and repair. In spite -of the frightful punishment the enemy were undergoing at our hands, -inaction could never be laid to their charge. Each day saw their -defences, so seriously threatened, grow more formidable. Their pioneers -were tireless. Their “Betontruppen,” specialists in the erection of -concrete machine gun emplacements, or “strong points,” and their -“Hollenbankommandos,” for the construction of dugouts,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_63">[63]</span> were organizing -a newly-formed system of trenches on a scale of great magnitude, and -with the invaluable accessories of strong points. Trenches, wired and -traversed, emerged in a single night. The favourable features of the -ground were everywhere transformed into miniature fortresses of amazing -strength, from whose loop-holed bastions machine guns in countless -numbers pushed their deadly muzzles.</p> - -<div class="sidenote"><i>August, 1916</i></div> - -<p>The sector of trenches occupied by us lay on the extreme right of -the British position, before Guillemont. On our right were the 156th -Regiment of Infantry, 10th Corps, French Army, and on our left the 8th -Liverpools. Guillemont was marked for early attack, but the time was -not yet. Artillery activity on both sides was continuous. The enemy -appeared to be nervous. At 8.30 p.m. on 1st August “B” Company attacked -an advanced German strong point with one platoon. This platoon was hung -up and forced to retire, owing to enemy barrage, which was very severe. -At 8.45 p.m. another platoon went forward under Second-Lieut. A. J. -Brockman and was completely successful. We had previously dislodged the -enemy with Stokes Mortar bombs, and as they were retreating in large -numbers (apparently the enemy was massing for an attack) our artillery -barrage caught them and inflicted very severe casualties on them. Our -casualties were slight, Second-Lieut. Rudduck being wounded. In this -brisk encounter communication by telephone lasted for exactly an hour -under a most severe and accurate enemy shelling. In the early morning -of 3rd August the Battalion was relieved by the 4th Loyals and moved -into Brigade Reserve, in Dublin and Casement trenches, in front of -Maricourt, that is, to the rear of the Mametz valley.</p> - -<div class="sidenote"><i>August, 1916</i></div> - -<p>The enemy shelled the left of our trenches but did not cause any -damage. We found some fatigue parties, including two for the front -line. On the night of the 4th we were relieved by the 5th Liverpools, -of the 165th Brigade, and proceeded to bivouacs south of Carnoy and -west of Bronfay Farm. The<span class="pagenum" id="Page_64">[64]</span> weather was very hot and the next three days -were spent quietly with bayonet fighting, physical drill and bathing -parades. At 6 p.m. on the 7th sudden orders were received, and at 8.15 -p.m. the Battalion left bivouacs and proceeded to trenches near Arrow -Head Copse, in sector south of Trones Wood and Guillemont Road. There -was an awful congestion of troops in the Sunken Road, but, fortunately, -no shelling, and the Battalion did not have a single casualty during -the relief, which was completed by 1 a.m., when preparations were made -for the attack on Guillemont.</p> - -<p>The order of battle from right to left was “D,” “A,” “B” and “C” -Companies. At 3.45 a.m. on 8th August the first line, consisting of two -platoons of each Company, crept out in front of the advanced trench, -at the same time the remainder of the Battalion occupied the advanced -trench. At 4.10 the first line advanced a short way and waited four -minutes. Second line left the trench and took up a position twenty -yards in rear of the first line. The second line was closely followed -by two platoons of the 4th Loyals as carrying party. At 4.15 the enemy -placed a very violent barrage of artillery fire (shrapnel) on the -fire trench. The first and second lines crept forward closer to our -own barrage to escape enemy fire. At 4.20 the Battalion went forward -again and the first line immediately came under heavy bomb fire. This -was absolutely unexpected, caused heavy casualties, and the attack was -arrested. The enemy then opened very heavy machine gun and rifle fire, -which caught the second line as it came up to reinforce the first line.</p> - -<p>Further advance being impossible, owing to uncut wire, the Battalion -retired out of bombing distance from the German trench and started to -dig in, fifty yards in front of our original trench. These operations -occupied twenty minutes. The enemy maintained a very heavy barrage -of shrapnel on the Sunken Road during the whole of this time. The -only means of communication during this time, with the exception<span class="pagenum" id="Page_65">[65]</span> of -one Company, to which the telephone wire was intact, was by runner. -Communication with the Battalion on the left was completely lost. It -was ascertained that this Battalion was reported to be in the village -of Guillemont, and it was intended to make an attempt to get into touch -with their right. Stokes Mortars were brought up and were ordered -to destroy the barricade on the Sunken Road leading to Guillemont, -with the idea of attacking and taking this point and which would have -enabled an advance on the left to be covered. There was a great deal -of delay in bringing up the Stokes Mortar ammunition, the difficulties -of communication were great, and it made it extremely hard for orders -to reach their destination. This delay gave the enemy a long period of -rest, which was unfavourable to the success of any further enterprise.</p> - -<p>The Stokes Mortars bombarded the barricade, but were not successful in -damaging it. It was intended that a bombing party should assault at 12 -noon, but the situation was seen to be quite hopeless for the success -of such an enterprise.</p> - -<p>Our artillery, in the meantime, kept up an intermittent bombardment for -a long period. They were firing very short and our front line had to be -cleared. It was with the greatest difficulty that the artillery were -informed of this, which caused some casualties to the Battalion. It -was decided that any further attack was impracticable and efforts were -concentrated on improving the present position as far as possible and -to render it easily defensible in the event of any hostile offensive. -The Battalion was by this time greatly reduced in numbers and was also -fatigued by the strain of the heavy fighting. There was a shortage of -Officers. It was not known what had happened to the Battalion on the -left, and although all effort was made to ascertain their position -no information was obtainable. It was impossible to obtain accurate -information, which made the situation worse. The remainder of the night -was spent in trying to collect wounded, improve our original position, -and clear the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_66">[66]</span> battlefield. At 3.55 a.m. on the 9th we were relieved by -the 10th Liverpool Scottish and proceeded, sorely stricken and almost -unmanned by the terrific strain of the recent fighting and the shambles -around us, to bivouac south-west of Carnoy.</p> - -<p>The Battalion arrived in small parties. Stragglers came in during the -day. Captain Huthwaite, of the charmed life, wandering about like a -distracted shepherd looking for his flock, collected a number of these -and brought them in. A roll call was made with lamentable results, -disclosing eight Officers killed, including the Commanding Officer, and -nine wounded; 254 other ranks, including 48 killed and 206 wounded and -missing. The Officers were:—</p> - - -<h4><i>Killed.</i></h4> - -<div class="parent"> -<ul class="left"> - <li>Lieut.-Col. J. L. Swainson, D.S.O.</li> - <li>Capt. R. D’A. Morrell.</li> - <li>Capt. A. A. Wright.</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. Hodkinson.</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. Brockman.</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. Lawson.</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. L. Metcalf.</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. Hilton.</li> -</ul> -</div> - -<h4><i>Wounded.</i></h4> - -<div class="parent"> -<ul class="left"> - <li>Capt. Neill.</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. Welch.</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. Ferns.</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. Withey.</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. Clark.</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. S. F. Walker.</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. Wilcock.</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. Jackson.</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. Metcalfe.</li> -</ul> -</div> - -<p>The loss of the Commanding Officer was a stunning blow. Although he had -only been with us six weeks his influence on the Battalion was marked -and beneficent. We found ourselves guided by a firm hand, directed with -understanding. It was not given to every regular Officer at that time -to see eye to eye with the aspirations and latent qualities of the -Territorial Army. Captain Jackson, our late Adjutant, had possessed -this rare faculty and was ready to admit and proclaim that in some -essential military respects, of which trench-digging was only one, the -Territorial Army could more than hold its own. Colonel Swainson was -another with this gift of insight, and with his regular experience, his -knowledge of what to do, and perhaps more important, what not to do, -the Battalion seemed set for a period of what can best be termed happy -soldiering, when he met his untimely<span class="pagenum" id="Page_67">[67]</span> end. The Command now devolved -upon Major G. B. Balfour.</p> - -<p>For many days no recollection of these horrors was permitted to -diminish the enthusiasm of the Division. Concerts were held nightly. -On the bare slopes near Carnoy the infantry, worn out by their recent -trials, engaged themselves in innocent relaxation.</p> - -<p>The theatre party of the Division, under our own Lieut. Leslie, -addressed themselves to their congenial offices with a diligence no -less justified of the times than it was deserving of support. Blood -had freely flowed and would flow again as freely. In the meantime no -dejection of spirits must be allowed to usurp the place of contentment -and good cheer. The guns were still ranged solidly against the -enemy and pulverising his trenches. His own artillery, admittedly -well-handled, was redoubling its opposition. More and more troops, -eager to win renown, and excited by the unwonted activity, were pouring -up towards the line. Defeated and despairing, the Germans, stung to a -paroxysm of frenzy, were hurling themselves on their lost positions. -Forfeitures of ground, privations unproclaimed, renunciation of hope, -submission and subjugation—all these things they had been taught to -abhor. And now, as we forced them to accept adversity, they resisted -with fierce courage.</p> - -<p>The weather continued very hot. On the following day the remnants of -the Battalion paraded by companies for inspection, re-organisation and -checking deficiencies in equipment. Major-General Jeudwine, commanding -the Division, inspected us and cheered us by his very austerity. A -working party of one Officer and 70 other ranks went into the front -line to dig forward communication trenches. They were heavily shelled -by enemy artillery but only two casualties were caused. We observed one -of our forward trench balloons break away from its moorings and sail -away over the enemy lines. The occupant was equal to the occasion and -got out of his difficulties by the aid of a parachute. On the 14th we -left bivouacs at Carnoy and marched to Méricourt with<span class="pagenum" id="Page_68">[68]</span> the Brigade, -via Sand Pit, Meaulte, Ville-sur-Ancre Treux, the transport travelling -under Brigade arrangements via Bray-sur-Somme.</p> - -<p>The Battalion rested in billets in Méricourt, the time being spent in -refitting, re-organisation and steady drill. Bathing, too, received -attention, the weather being still very hot. A draft of 100 other ranks -from the 3/10th Manchester Regiment joined us and proved a good lot -of men. For the present the Division was not to be re-engaged on the -Somme, and at 4 a.m. on the 19th the Battalion paraded at Méricourt -Station and entrained for Abbeville, arriving at 11.30 a.m. Time did -not admit of the hoped-for coffee and omelette at the “Bull’s Head,” -and at 11.40 we were off again on the march, over the bridge leading to -the south side of the Somme, through Rouvroy and Cambron, until at 4 -p.m. we arrived in billets at Lambercourt.</p> - -<p>We shall never forget that sweet corner of France. The fresh profusion -of green grass and yellow stubble, the prodigal wealth and variety of -arboreal treasures with abundant foliage, fruit trees laden with their -gracious burden. The scattered houses of the village, nestling within -bowers of roses and other sweet-smelling flowers, a thin blue reek -ascending from some chimney in a thatched roof. Sharply and suddenly -contrasted with the din and horror we had left so recently these quiet -scenes brought tears to the eyes and a sense of realisation that a -beneficent Power was still in charge of human destiny.</p> - -<p>A cavalry regiment had been dislodged in order that the P.B.I. might -have a fleeting respite in this corner of paradise. Whence they had -departed was a matter of conjecture, probably to another delectable -billet, as their turn had not yet come in the maelstrom. For ten days -the Battalion enjoyed the seclusion of this peaceful retreat. The time -was given over to platoon training, whilst drafts of reinforcements -continued to arrive. On the 23rd all Officers and N.C.O.’s attended -a lecture at Brigade Headquarters, given by General Jeudwine, on the -recent operations. A pleasing<span class="pagenum" id="Page_69">[69]</span> feature at this time was the special -short leave granted to small parties to St. Valery-sur-Somme and -Tréport. These were delightful little watering-places on the estuary of -the Somme, and it was whispered that the delights of a casino awaited -visitors to either place. Plans were in preparation to extend these -privileges to Paris, when the bolt fell from the blue and the Battalion -again turned its face to the east.</p> - -<div class="sidenote"><i>Aug.–Sept., 1916</i></div> - -<p>At 11.15 p.m. on August 29th we left Lambercourt in light marching -order, the men’s packs having been despatched separately by -motor lorry, and marched via Cambron, Rouvroy, St. Marguerite, Mareuil, -Bray-les-Mareuil and Duncq to Pont Remy, where we arrived at 5 a.m. and -had breakfast. Entraining and leaving Pont Remy at 8 o’clock we passed -through Amiens and Corbie and arrived at Méricourt-Ribemont at 11.40 -a.m., on the inner edge of hostilities once more. The Battalion moved -to a point adjoining the main Albert-Corbie road where billets in tents -and hutments awaited us. The weather was now unfavourable. Ten Officer -reinforcements joined from the base. Battalion training occupied us -during our stay in billets, and at midnight on September 7th we moved -into trenches in Montauban Alley, where we were in Brigade reserve, -relieving the 1st South Staffords. On the 10th the Battalion moved -up and helped to man our front line trenches in Delville Wood, after -the failure of a previous attack. Here the Companies were all split -up and it was difficult to acquire accurate information. At 6 p.m. -orders were received from Brigade to carry out an attack by surprise -at 5.15 a.m. on to Hop Alley and German trenches on the western side -of Delville Wood. This attack was duly carried out with “D” Company -on left flank, “A” and “B” Companies in the centre, and “C” Company -on the right. All ranks were dead tired and there was no dash in the -attack, which failed directly the Germans opened with machine gun and -rifle fire. Our casualties in this encounter were not very heavy, but -Lieut. E. Spearing, commanding “D” Company, and Second-Lieut. G. R. -Glenie, Lewis Gun Officer, were both<span class="pagenum" id="Page_70">[70]</span> missing and were later found to -have been killed in action. The remainder of the 11th and 12th was -spent in holding the front line, which was heavily shelled, causing -heavy casualties. We were relieved by the 8th King’s Royal Rifles and -returned to bivouac at Becourt.</p> - -<div class="sidenote"><i>September, 1916</i></div> - -<p>On the 13th the Battalion marched to Ribemont and bivouacked in -canvas shelters. Four officers reported here for duty, including -Captain R. Gardner, who rejoined the Battalion on recovery from his -unlucky adventure with a Very light some months previously, and -Second-Lieut. T. H. Middleton, having been appointed to a commission -from Sergeant-Signaller. From Ribemont to Buire, where we found -comfortable billets for both officers and men, and where we saw 850 -German prisoners being marched to the rear. The 17th, being Sunday, we -attended a Brigade Church Parade, when the Padre’s sermon was based on -St. Peter “warming himself at the fire,” with personal reminiscences -of training in England during the early days of the war. From Buire to -Becordel, where we went into bivouacs in drenching rain near Mametz -prisoners’ camp.</p> - -<p>The new bivouacs were devoid of any comfort whatsoever. A few shelters -were improvised for the night, but very few enjoyed satisfactory -shelter. Funkholes were dug at irregular intervals, in case the enemy -opened artillery fire. In the murky and rainy night, when men arrived -in driblets from heavy working parties, covered with mud from head to -foot, limping with fatigue, and hungry as only men are hungry when much -strenuous labour is required, there were often no means of showing -these poor wretches the many pitfalls that lay in their path. Stumbling -over the tangle of brushwood and falling into the soft oozy mud lining -the bottom of the funkholes, I have heard them groping blindly for -shelter, swearing roundly at everything. But I have never failed to -hear them <i>sing</i> when, under equal conditions, they have found a -few inches of tarpaulin ready to shield them from the bitter cold, or a -scattering of<span class="pagenum" id="Page_71">[71]</span> straw to serve as their pallet. One is apt to grumble at -home over little things. Let him not grumble till he has passed a night -under such conditions as these.</p> - -<p>Our front line had advanced considerably, and the next area of -operations was Longueval and Flers, well in front of Delville Wood. -After Holy Communion on the 24th the Battalion proceeded to occupy -reserve trenches known as Green Trench and King’s Walk. Officers -reconnoitred the lines of approach to Flers, and Second-Lieut. Beazley -was wounded. Our bombardment developed in severity, and on the 26th -orders were received to move forward, three platoons to strong points -at the end of Cove Alley and one company and one platoon to Smoke -Trench, while Battalion Headquarters moved up to east of Flers.</p> - -<p>On the 27th the 55th Division resumed active operations. The 8th -Liverpool Irish were detailed to assault and capture Gird and Gird -Support trenches, and the 4th King’s Own to furnish the fifth wave -in attack. Parties carried R.E. material for making strong points -to Grove Alley and Gird Support trenches. The trench was easily -captured by the 8th Liverpools, and the carrying parties carried out -their duties successfully and without casualties. These parties then -occupied a position on Factory Corner—Gueudecourt Road, keeping in -touch on the left with the 4th King’s Own. Arrangements were made -later to relieve the 8th Liverpool Irish in the captured trenches. -Several casualties were sustained in a bombardment subsequent to the -attack. At 2 a.m. on the 28th the 4th King’s Own took over Gird and -Gird Support trenches from the 8th Liverpools. The trenches were -heavily bombarded during the day by the enemy. Three patrols with -Lewis guns were sent out to locate the German position and harass a -working party which had been seen earlier in the morning. At 2 a.m. -on the 29th the Battalion was relieved in the trenches by the Royal -West Surreys and re-assembled at Mametz, where a <i>contretemps</i> -all but ended in minor disaster. The Quartermaster had been handed -over<span class="pagenum" id="Page_72">[72]</span> a paragon of bivouacs in the form of tents, one of the best we -had experienced, and was keeping watch and ward over this treasure, -when he was horrified to see a battalion of New Zealanders descend -upon him like the Assyrians of old, or the plague of locusts, and take -possession. Protests from a mere Quartermaster of Infantry were met -with airy nonchalance. Other and prompt steps had to be taken. Olivette -was saddled and made short work of the journey to Brigade Headquarters, -where a sympathetic Staff Captain got busy, wires were set sizzling, -and the anxious Quartermaster eventually had the satisfaction of seeing -these unconventional soldiers march out of one end of the camp as his -precious Battalion hobbled in at the other, happily unconscious of -their narrow escape from homelessness. We moved thence to very crowded -billets in Dernacourt.</p> - -<p>This was to be the close of our memorable association with the Somme, -for the present, at any rate. The approach of winter placed an -insuperable barrier on hopes of much further advance. Progress had been -definite, if it had not met the most sanguine expectations, but the -courageous tenacity and marvellous organization of the enemy revealed -the magnitude of the task yet to be completed.</p> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_73">[73]</span></p> - -<h3>CHAPTER VI.<br /> -<span class="subhed">Ypres.</span></h3></div> - - -<div class="sidenote"><i>October, 1916</i></div> - -<p class="drop-cap p-left">For the present we were not to be re-engaged upon the Somme, but, -transported to Longpré, were moved into quarters for the night of -October 1st at Bouchon. The following day we entrained at Longpré and -moved to the north. In the early afternoon we passed through Abbeville. -The tented dunes of Etaples swarmed with reinforcements. As darkness -descended we entered the region of the flats of Flanders. The coast -line receded. Boulogne and Calais were left far behind. St. Omer and -Hazebrouck were before us. Soon these, too, were swallowed up in the -night. At midnight we detrained at Hopoutre and marched away. As dawn -was breaking officers and men threw themselves down to snatch a little -sleep in billets already provided at Poperinghe, ten miles west of -Ypres. From here, after bathing parade, the Battalion marched to “O” -Camp, a few miles nearer Ypres and just off the main Poperinghe-Ypres -road. This camp consisted of the usual pattern army huts, nearly new, -and, being weather proof, provided excellent accommodation, and were -much appreciated by the men after their rough experiences of the past -two months.</p> - -<p>This, then, was our first introduction to the Ypres salient. Many times -in the early days we had hovered on its brink, and it seemed strange -that we should be only now making its close acquaintance, eighteen -months afterwards. Although we felt ourselves a little disappointed -with our renewed acquaintance with the Flemish fogs and flats, we -gradually adapted ourselves to the changed conditions. A year had made -a vast difference in our powers of appreciation. Casting back to those -grim days of Festubert there stood out in bold relief pools rotting -with dead, trenches constructionally weak, and an enemy gunnery the -mastery of which was denied us for many a long<span class="pagenum" id="Page_74">[74]</span> day to come. But the -passing of twelve months had shown us, week by week, such striking -improvements that there was now no limit to our confidence. All these -things reacted favourably on our outlook. Our fickle minds recalled -only the monotony of the rolling Picard uplands. They were now touched -by the vision of a new beauty.</p> - -<p>For ten days the Battalion enjoyed immunity from the strain of -exacting work. The usual parades were held to preserve discipline and -efficiency. After the routine of daily parades and inspections it was -customary for a few of us to ride or cycle into Poperinghe, about six -kilometres distant. Poperinghe was the point of convergence for the -military in the Ypres salient, as Béthune was for the La Bassée sector, -Doullens for Arras, and Amiens for the Somme.</p> - -<p>One of the first things to meet the eye was the prominence given -to “Gas Alarms.” A large notice was exhibited on a building in the -main square, where the road to Ypres left the town, which read “Wind -Dangerous” or “Wind Safe.” Otherwise its amenities bore comparison -with towns of greater pretensions. There was an attractive Officers’ -Club, established in a spacious building named Talbot House, after its -founder, Colonel Talbot, of an ancient lineage and a staff officer. -Here resided the Padre, the Rev. “Tubby” Clayton, who afterwards was -to render Talbot House famous as the original home of its illustrious -offspring, “Toc H.” This club had the air of quiet decorum associated -with its kind, and it was held by the irreverent that any shell—from -which, alas, Poperinghe was not immune—from the German “Long Tom,” -more impetuous than its fellows and ill-advised enough to invade those -awful precincts, would shrivel to impotence in its frigid atmosphere. -This was, of course, uncharitable, but the painful fact must be -recorded that the younger element preferred the freer delights of -Skindle’s and Kiki’s, two restaurants whose air of gay animation made -an irresistible appeal to war-worn youth. Here the unheard of luxuries -of fresh fish and even oysters<span class="pagenum" id="Page_75">[75]</span> were included in a generous menu. These -arrived daily, we were informed, by canal from Dunkerque. Here also -was established the Divisional Concert Party, which had now attained -a high standard of efficiency in the exacting art of entertainment. -These played nightly as to the manner born to crowded audiences, whose -plaudits testified to the quality of the entertainment and their own -high spirits. One of these artists was a young imp of the 4th Loyals, -who made up in startling fashion as “Poppy Poperinghe.”</p> - -<p>The appointment of Lieut.-Colonel G. B. Balfour to the command of -the Battalion, which he had held since the death of Lieut.-Colonel -Swainson, and that of Major H. A. Brocklebank as second-in-command, -was here confirmed. The appointment of Adjutant was vacant about this -time and was not filled permanently until Sergeant-Major J. Way was -commissioned and appointed on December 23rd, 1916. Lieut. Mudie held -the acting appointment for one period of the interim and probably -another officer, whose name does not emerge.</p> - -<p>On the 13th the Battalion was inspected by Brigadier-General -Stockwell and was complimented on its turnout. The Brigadier took the -opportunity of presenting decorations and medals—the Military Cross -to Company Sergeant-Major R. A. Williams, the Distinguished Conduct -Medal to Private C. Milton, and Military Medals to Second-Lieut. T. -H. Middleton, Sergeants H. W. Percival and P. Stalker and Privates -W. Nicholson and H. Jackson. At 5.15 p.m. on the 14th we marched to -Brandhoek Station and entrained for Ypres, arriving at 7.30. Here we -went into quite good billets in the town—or what remained of it—some -in the ramparts and the remainder in the school.</p> - -<p>Of all the ghostly and melancholy ruins along the western front Ypres -stands out almost unchallenged. Right from the beginning it had borne -the brunt of the enemy’s insensate fury, and withstood it. It still -stood four square to the foe and marked the eastern boundary of that -tiny strip of Belgium,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_76">[76]</span> still held by the gallant Belgian army on -our left and ourselves. The deplorable ruin of its once beautiful -structure bore evidence of the cost of its retention. The square and -its surrounding buildings, including the ancient and lovely Cloth Hall, -were a heap of powdered rubble, with here and there a stark stump of -wall and an arched window still surviving. These maimed remnants were -periodically repulverised by senseless bombardment by the enemy even -as a dog returns to its vomit. I have known no more eerie feeling than -that experienced when crossing this desolate square on a quiet night. -Many of the houses in the remoter suburbs were less damaged, and their -cellars made excellent shelters when the Hun carried out his frequent -bombardments of this martyred town. The civilian population had long -been evacuated.</p> - -<p>The trench system was divided into two sectors, the left, or Potijze, -and the right, or Railway Wood. The latter was approached by way of the -Menin Gate and road, past the notorious Hell Fire Corner, and over the -railway connecting Ypres and Menin in normal times. The trenches were -fair and there were some good dugouts.</p> - -<p>The communication trenches leading up to the front line, however, -left something to be desired. These were named West Lane and Mud Lane -(afterwards re-named Beek Trench, so as not to damage the morale of -reinforcements!).</p> - -<p>On the right of this sub-sector were two or three craters left by -previous mine operations, and the width of these craters represented -the distance between the enemy and ourselves, who manned the opposite -lips. A deathly silence usually reigned at this point, the slightest -movement or sound being audible on either side.</p> - -<p>Still further to the right the line was incomplete. A line of “grouse -butts” connected it with the Menin Road (the left-hand boundary of the -Division on our right). These “grouse butts” were not held during the -day but were occupied at night by Lewis Gun Sections and carefully -patrolled.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_77">[77]</span></p> - -<p>When visiting these posts one night Captain R. Gardner was “captured” -by the Division on the right and marched down to their Battalion Head -Quarters so that his identity might be established!</p> - -<p>At 6.30 p.m. on the 15th the Battalion moved off by platoons and took -over trenches in the right sub-sector at Railway Wood. On our left -were the 8th Liverpool Irish and on our right the New Zealanders. The -trenches needed repair and there was not much rest for the Companies. -There was some activity by the enemy, who threw over many trench mortar -bombs. One of these made a direct hit on one of our cookhouses, killing -one man and wounding another. On the other hand our snipers reported -having bagged three Bosche. On the night of the 19th we were relieved -and marched back to our old billets in Ypres.</p> - -<p>Twelve new officers, from the Lancashire Fusiliers, now joined -us—Captains F. H. Williamson and F. C. Slater and Lieuts. W. R. -Pattinson, G. Topham, J. H. Simpson, Second-Lieuts. C. W. Ford, J. C. -Alexander, R. A. Mudie, J. S. Patterson, R. Willett, J. Pearson and A. -T. Sheahan. Companies were reorganised—Captain Gardner to “A” Company, -Captain Slater “B,” Captain Huthwaite “C,” and Captain Williamson “D” -Company. Half the Battalion were moved into the prison along with -Battalion Headquarters. These billets were not bad, but cold. Working -parties were provided nightly for duty in the trenches. On the 23rd we -moved into trenches in the Potijze sector on the left. The weather was -bad and much labour was expended in pumping water out of the trenches -and in reveting. Everyone wore gum boots, water being over the duck -boards. The enemy was fairly quiet, but five of our men were hit by -shell fire.</p> - -<p>The Brigadier was insistent upon repairs to trenches and to wire, -and upon obtaining command of No Man’s Land by constant patrolling. -Patrols visited the ruins of Oder House, situated between the lines, -and examined (from a respectful distance) a salient in the German lines -known as Kaiser Bill.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_78">[78]</span></p> - -<div class="sidenote"><i>Nov.–Dec., 1916</i></div> - -<p>On the 27th we were relieved and went back to billets in Ypres, moving -thence on the 30th to Elverdinghe, a little further to the rear, -where we found good billets for all, Battalion Headquarters being -accommodated in the chateau. Here a Defence Scheme was in operation, -and working parties were provided to maintain the trench system and -strong points, and test-manning of these points was carried out -periodically. Lieut.-Colonel G. B. Balfour went on leave and Major H. -A. Brocklebank took over temporary command. Captain H. Y. Huthwaite -reported sick and was transferred to England and later to the Indian -Army, greatly to the Battalion’s loss.</p> - -<p>The campaign now took the form of monotonous routine, life alternating -between the many camps round Ypres—“C,” “D,” “O” and “P,” and quite -good they were.</p> - -<p>When out of the line the Battalion found a great many working parties -for the laying of telephone cables from the Reserve Areas up to Ypres, -especially round Machine Gun Farm.</p> - -<p>Ypres itself, with an occasional turn in the front line trenches at -Potijze, St. Julien and Railway Wood. The Higher Command were curious -to learn the composition and quality of the enemy in front, and for -some time a raiding party of the 4th King’s Own had been organising -and rehearsing a sudden descent on the enemy. These rehearsals were -very practical in their value. A replica, as far as possible, of the -enemy’s position to be raided was marked out by tapes on the practice -ground and times and distances were carefully noted. On December 21st -there was a full and final rehearsal at “O” Camp, and the raiding -party of 200, under Captain J. A. T. Clarke, were inspected by the -Commander-in-Chief, Sir Douglas Haig. On the evening of the 22nd the -raiders dined in the large hall of the Prison in Ypres, and at 1.30 -a.m. on the 23rd they were armed and inspected prior to their departure -for the operation. With their faces and hands blacked to minimise -refraction of light and to facilitate recognition of their own side -during the actual raid, they<span class="pagenum" id="Page_79">[79]</span> looked a grim lot. The raiders commenced -to leave the Prison in small groups at 3.15 a.m. and journeyed to the -“jumping-off place,” a ditch running north and south in the St. Julien -sub-sector.</p> - -<div class="sidenote"><i>December, 1916</i></div> - -<p>Their objective was to enter the German trenches and penetrate to the -Cameron support trench, with a view to killing or taking prisoners and -thus securing identification. At 5.25 a.m., under a very effective -artillery barrage, our men entered the enemy trenches according to plan -and penetrated as far as the support line. These trenches were very -badly knocked about by our barrage and, unfortunately, no prisoners -were taken and no identifications were obtained, the Bosche evidently -having abandoned his trenches when the bombardment commenced. Our -casualties were two officers, Second-Lieuts. Smith and Hart, wounded, -two other ranks killed, three missing, and thirty wounded. This was a -brisk and well carried out minor action, and if the main result was -disappointing, this was due to the discretion of the Hun and perhaps -defective preliminary action on our part. Registering and preliminary -bombardment having been carried out by us for a week the fact of the -raid had been effectively advertised. Surprise methods which were -adopted later were more successful. Sergeant M. Caddy was killed—a -good experienced N.C.O. and a loss to the Battalion.</p> - -<p>We must not omit to devote a little space to the remarkable -personality of the Corps Commander. The ubiquity of General Sir Aylmer -Hunter-Weston was phenomenal. He was fond of touring the front line, -and on coming to a sentry post, to mark his estimate of the importance -of that duty, he would stand in front of the bewildered sentry, saying, -“I, your Corps Commander, salute you,” and, suiting the action to -the word, did actually give the sentry a most ceremonious salute. He -was keen on researches on the roofs of and behind cookhouses, while -at Battalion parade inspection he made men take off their boots, and -exposed officers’ ignorance of the “innards” of a water-cart. That -legend should gather<span class="pagenum" id="Page_80">[80]</span> round his name is not surprising. He was a fine -officer whose sterling work in France commenced with a Brigade in the -original British Expeditionary Force.</p> - -<div class="sidenote"><i>Jan.–Feb., 1917</i></div> - -<p>Wintry weather of the severest description now gripped the land. Snow -was frequent and frost so intense that anything liquid was quickly -turned to ice. This condition persisted to the end of March, when there -was a welcome break.</p> - -<p>The Division was relieved early in January, 1917, by the 39th Division. -The 165th and 166th Brigades went out at once, but the 164th Brigade, -to which we belonged, was kept back in Reserve in view of a possible -attack against the junction of the British and Belgian lines north of -Ypres; the enemy might raid over the frozen canal. It was bitterly cold -in the camps. There was much reconnoitring of the Elverdinghe defences -and of the approaches thence to the front line.</p> - -<p>On February 3rd the Battalion left “D” Camp and marched by Companies -to the Cheese Market, Poperinghe, where it entrained at 5.50 for -Bollezelle, arriving there at 10.15 p.m., and went into billets in the -village. Here Battalion training was carried out so far as weather -conditions would permit, but this training was often reduced to snow -shovelling and even to snow balling! On the 7th we returned to “O” -Camp, and on the following day the Brigadier presented Military Medals -to Company-Sergeant-Major Crichton, Sergeant White, and Lance-Corporals -Pedder and Taylor. We were doing well in the football field hereabouts, -and defeated the Welsh Regiment, the A.S.C., and the 8th Liverpools in -succession.</p> - -<div class="sidenote"><i>Feb.–Mch.–April, 1917</i></div> - -<p>On February 27th we moved up to Ypres again, but a thaw having set in -made road transport and marching extremely difficult. When back in -the line we moved over to the trenches in the Left Brigade Sector, -and got to know Saint Jean, Wieltje and the trenches immediately -north, including a dangerous spot north of Dixmude Gate, known as -Well X-Roads. Headquarters were established at La Brique Post. On -March 8th, 1917, Major P. E. Robathan, from a New Army Battalion of -the Royal Welch Fusiliers,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_81">[81]</span> was posted to the Battalion and appointed -second-in-command. In the trenches a great deal of patrolling and -investigation of the “Canadian Dugouts”—the old gun pits dating -back to the First Battle of Ypres—which lay half-way between the -lines. Lieut. (afterwards Major) J. H. Evans was very active in this -patrol work. Trench life on the whole was uneventful, although enemy -trench mortars were occasionally active. After the transition period, -October to December, 1916, the Battalion had shaken down and the -new organization was working smoothly—new commanding officer, new -second-in-command, and new adjutant. Reinforcement officers had settled -down, and the Battalion was gradually attaining the fine condition it -enjoyed before the Third Battle of Ypres.</p> - -<p>On April 16th we were relieved by the 10th Liverpool Scottish and -proceeded to “Z” Camp. The following day the Battalion marched to -Herzeele and went into billets, where a day or two was spent in -cleaning up, organization, and bathing. On the 22nd we marched to -Buysscheure and stayed the night in billets. The following day the -Battalion reached its destination, Moulle, near St. Omer. This pleasant -region was all that could be desired. The severe winter had given way -to glorious spring, and feathered songsters, no less than ourselves, -revelled in its advent. The silence of the clear moonlight nights was -varied by the song of the nightingale in almost embarrassing volume.</p> - -<p>For some time the Quartermaster, Lieut. J. Crossley, had shown signs of -the strain of the campaign, and on May 7th he returned to England for -a rest, after two years at the front, and was relieved by Lieut. P. W. -Powell.</p> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_82">[82]</span></p> - -<h3>CHAPTER VII.<br /> -<span class="subhed">Third Battle of Ypres.</span><br /> -<span class="subhed">July 31st, 1917.</span></h3></div> - - -<div class="sidenote"><i>May, 1917</i></div> - -<p class="drop-cap p-left">From April 23rd to May 6th we remained in Moulle under perfect -conditions. The time was given over principally to practising the -attack and consolidation of trenches. Training began early in the -mornings and the afternoons were devoted to relaxation. The downs west -of St. Omer formed ideal country for the re-conditioning of troops from -the Salient, while by way of relaxation inter-Company league football -matches were played. These were keenly contested and aroused close -interest. St. Omer, too, lay within easy reach and a visit amply repaid -the tedium of the brief journey. It was a sort of half-way house to -Calais, and its amenities could not be excelled in another town of -equal size. Its parks, even in wartime, were beautifully laid out and -kept in irreproachable condition. The <i>beau monde</i> of St. Omer -loved to dawdle in the gardens during these fine spring evenings, and -an attractive wartime gaiety pervaded the whole town. Troops of various -nationalities strolled about the boulevards or sat sipping coffee in -the restaurants. Blue and khaki uniforms intermixed in the streets -everywhere. Cadets wearing green bands were to be encountered at every -corner. Flying Corps officers seemed to monopolise the club in the -Grand Place. About the easy manners of the <i>boulevardier</i> there -was an inexplicable charm, which, try as we might, we could never hope -to imitate.</p> - -<p>These pleasant days came to an end all too quickly, and on May 6th the -Battalion began its return journey, marching to Buysscheure, where it -went into billets for the night. The march was resumed the following -morning to Arneke, where we entrained for Poperinghe and thence by -march to “A” Camp, near Vlamertinghe,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_83">[83]</span> once more. Camp was shelled by -long-range guns, causing some casualties.</p> - -<div class="sidenote"><i>May–June, 1917</i></div> - -<p>On the evening of the 8th the Battalion relieved the 4th South -Lancashire Regiment in the right sub-sector of the Potijze Sector, -and started work immediately on the trenches and patrolling. During -the night of the 11th the battalions on our left and right made raids -on the enemy line, and we suffered a few casualties in consequence. -During the night of the 13th our patrol of two officers and three other -ranks encountered a strong enemy patrol of fifteen to twenty men and -dispersed them. Life hereabouts alternated between the trenches in the -Potijze Sector and billets in Ypres, and was of a more or less routine -character. The Battalion played no part, save that of spectators, in -the Second Army’s capture of the Messines Ridge on June 7th. But before -that operation lavish use of scaling ladders and shrapnel helmets was -made in our trenches in order to deceive the enemy as to the front from -which the expected attack would be delivered. At 3.10 a.m. on June 7th -the Battalion saw to the south-east of Ypres nineteen gigantic poppies -rise out of the darkness, the firing of the mines upon which the -tunnelling companies had been occupied for two years; and even to-day -the sight remains imprinted upon the visual memory.</p> - -<p>On the evening of June 9th a smart little raid was carried out to -ascertain if the Messines operations had resulted in any transfer of -enemy troops from other areas. A party of thirty other ranks of the -Battalion, under Second-Lieut. J. C. Alexander, entered the German -lines at Ibex Trench, capturing six Germans and killing three others, -with no casualties amongst our men. This was a most successful -operation. Second-Lieut. J. Alexander was awarded the Military Cross -for his leadership, while Lance-Corporal C. F. Cooper and Private J. -McAlarney each received the Military Medal for bravery displayed during -the raid.</p> - -<p>On the morning of the 11th the Battalion marched to Poperinghe, -entrained for Esquelbecq, and thence by route march to billets -at Bollezeele for training.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_84">[84]</span> On the 13th, after cleaning up and -bathing parades, Companies were inspected by the Commanding Officer, -Lieut.-Colonel G. B. Balfour. On the 16th we moved by road to billets -and bivouacs at Grand Difques (Headquarters and “B” Company) and Petite -Difques (“A,” “C” and “D” Companies), and Battalion training was resumed -in the familiar downlands west of St. Omer. The training was of a -more advanced nature than in April, and included Brigade field-days -with preparation for offensive warfare on a large scale. Training was -generally completed by the early afternoon, so that many hours of -sunshine remained to be enjoyed each day.</p> - -<div class="sidenote"><i>July, 1917</i></div> - -<p>On June 30th Companies were inspected, and the transport moved by road -to Wallon Cappel <i>en route</i> for the line once more, while on July -1st the Battalion marched to Lumbres and entrained for Brandhoek, -relieving the 4th Liverpools at Derby Camp. On our return to the -forward area we found great activity everywhere: formation of dumps, -preparation of gun positions, construction of tracks leading towards -Ypres through the country between Vlamertinghe and Brielen.</p> - -<p>On the 2nd we relieved the 6th Liverpools in the Wieltje right -sub-sector of the line, and commenced work on trenches, sand-bagging -and repairing wire. The usual patrols were sent out nightly. There was -increasing activity and unrest on both sides, and we received a heavy -bombardment on the 3rd when the Brigade on our left carried out a raid. -On the 7th the Brigade on our right carried out a successful raid on -the enemy trenches, and he retaliated with a gas-shell bombardment. On -July 9th we were relieved by the 4th Loyals and proceeded to billets at -Derby Camp.</p> - -<p>Nominally in billets, but truly in name only. July 9th to 19th—a -period of intense strain. Companies lived in dugouts and strong points -between Derby Camp and Ypres. About 7 p.m. “A” Company (Captain R. -Gardner, M.C.), like all the others, used to parade for a night’s work -in the trench area east of<span class="pagenum" id="Page_85">[85]</span> Ypres—mostly carrying up materials and -munitions from dumps at Potijze and St. Jean to selected positions -for new dumps in the front line system—very trying, as Ypres and the -forward area were shelled with gas the whole time and the parties had -to work for long periods in box respirators. In the end the allotted -tasks were all carried out, with heavyish casualties from shell fire -and mustard-gas poisoning; mustard gas began to be very bad from -that point onwards. On getting through the gas area to the west of -Ypres again the working parties not infrequently received salvoes -of machine gun fire from hostile aeroplanes a mile or so from their -dugouts. Breakfast on return (5 to 6 a.m.): sleep 6 a.m.—dinner (12 -to 1 p.m.): afternoon spent in administration and “paper” warfare -with higher authority; then back again to Ypres about 7 p.m. Ypres a -grim sight: a mass of flames from burning dumps. Every evening until -the 19th the Battalion paraded as strong as possible for work in the -forward area. Intense activity was apparent everywhere, and there -were visible signs that operations on a large scale were in early -contemplation.</p> - -<p>The objective of the Flanders offensive was the freeing of the -north-west of Belgium. The attack was delayed, partly owing to the -vastness of the preparations to be made on ground largely overlooked by -the enemy, partly to the policy of associating the hard-hit French with -the work of freeing part of Belgium. Three armies were to be employed -in the attack—the Second and Fifth British Armies and the First French -Army. Refitting and organization proceeded apace, and on the morning of -the 23rd Brigadier-General Stockwell addressed all Officers and N.C.O’s -regarding the forthcoming operations. On the 26th Companies were -inspected and addressed by the Commanding Officer, Lieut.-Colonel G. -B. Balfour, and on the evening of the 29th the Battalion, in fighting -order with packs, proceeded to the concentration area.</p> - -<p>We concentrated, under cover, in an assembly area just south of -Vlamertinghe and were ordered to get as much rest as we could during -the 30th. Some no<span class="pagenum" id="Page_86">[86]</span> doubt, slept as ordered, and others, like Julius -Cæsar’s troops before the battle with Ariovistus and his Germans in 58 -<span class="allsmcap">B.C.</span>, began to think of making their wills.</p> - -<p>In the early evening of the 30th the Battalion moved up by companies -through the ruins and fires of Ypres towards Potijze and assembled in -Congreve Walk, between Potijze Road and Lone Street, to wait for zero -hour on the 31st. Major P. E. Robathan was in command, Colonel Balfour, -with other Officers, N.C.O.’s and men forming B. Echelon at the -Transport. We had a long wait through the night while the first stage -of the attack was carried out by the 165th and 166th Infantry Brigades. -At 3.30 a.m. on July 31st, under a barrage of more intense power than -any previously recorded in the war, nine Divisions of the Fifth Army -“went over the top,” while attacks in co-operation were carried out on -the right by the Second Army and on the left by the French.</p> - -<p>By 9 a.m., after severe fighting, the assaulting battalions of the -165th and 166th Infantry Brigades had captured their objectives, -known as the Blue Line and the Black Line, on the north side of the -Ypres-Roulers railway, penetrating about one to one and a half miles -from Wieltje into the German system. To the 164th Infantry Brigade fell -the second stage of the attack, to pass through the 165th and 166th -Infantry Brigades and capture the enemy’s third line system, the Green -Line or Gheluvelt-Langemarch Line, about one mile beyond the Black Line.</p> - -<p>At 8.20 a.m. the 164th Infantry Brigade began its advance on a -two-battalion frontage. The right front was formed by the 1/4th North -Lancashire Regiment with the Battalion in support, and touch was to be -kept on the right with battalions of the 45th Brigade (15th Division); -the left front was formed by the 2/5th Lancashire Fusiliers supported -by the 1/8th Liverpool (Irish). The slow advance from Congreve Walk -towards the Black Line was carried out in its early stages according -to schedule, and, in spite of a heavy retaliatory barrage, without<span class="pagenum" id="Page_87">[87]</span> -serious loss. But before the Black Line was reached it was found that -the enemy still held some of his concrete “pill-boxes” (the term -“farms” being a courtesy title) and fighting became very severe, the -support battalions becoming involved.</p> - -<p>But the advance from the Black Line to the Green Line was the -Battalion’s real task. Wonderful as the barrage had been at the outset -it lost a little in intensity as the ranges lengthened and as time -progressed. The Green Line was reached by all units of the Brigade and -was held for about three hours. Among many who fought with gallantry -and devotion Lance-Sergeant T. F. Mayson behaved with a distinction -which won him the Victoria Cross. Single-handed he put out of action -two machine guns and their crews and during the enemy counter-attack -later in the day held up the advance at an isolated post by Lewis Gun -fire.</p> - -<p>It was not possible to occupy the Green Line permanently (it was many -weeks before British troops again trod ground east of the Kansas -Cross roads). Although touch had been established on the Green Line -with the 15th Division on the right, the 39th Division on the left -had encountered such serious difficulties that, although their right -battalion gained touch with the Lancashire Fusiliers on the Green Line, -a defensive flank had to be formed.</p> - -<div class="sidenote"><i>August, 1917</i></div> - -<p>Moreover, in the early evening the enemy delivered a most determined -counter-attack against the Green Line, and the Battalion, contesting, -like the other units, every inch of ground, was compelled to withdraw -to the Black Line, which it held against counter-attack, and at 1.30 -a.m. on August 1st received orders to withdraw to the old British front -line. Battalion Headquarters moved from Pommern Redoubt, and about -5 a.m. reached the mined dugout in Oxford Trench, where they joined -Lieut.-Colonel Hindle, D.S.O., of the 4th Loyals, and his battalion -headquarters.</p> - -<p>The remnants of the Battalion and those of the 4th Loyals, manned the -old front line from the top of New John Street to Warwick Farm. It was -not until<span class="pagenum" id="Page_88">[88]</span> mid-day that all the survivors were collected—about 150 in -all. Lieut. C. E. Withey took command of the front line, having under -him Second-Lieuts. Lauder, Newbold, Gribble, Latham and Ellwood, and -Second-Lieut. Lonsdale, of the 4th Loyals. Information was received -that the enemy had driven back our advanced posts upon the Frezenberg -Line and was preparing to assault that line. Preparations were -accordingly made to hold the old front line as strongly as possible and -a defence was quickly organised.</p> - -<p>Heavy rain had rendered the old trench almost untenable, and the task -of reforming trench duties and taking round the rations was extremely -difficult. Towards midnight fifty stragglers were brought up from -Transport lines, under Second-Lieut. Lingford, to reinforce the -garrison. No casualties were sustained in the fire trench, although -it was intermittently shelled. On August 2nd information was received -that the Brigade was to be relieved by the 108th Brigade. The relieving -troops arrived at 1.30 p.m., and relief was reported complete by 2.30. -The situation was quiet during the morning, and no further casualties -were sustained.</p> - -<p>Upon relief by the 9th Royal Irish Rifles, Companies moved off -independently, and by 5 p.m. had all reached the old concentration area -at Vlamertinghe. Battalion Headquarters boarded a motor lorry outside -St. Jean and had not proceeded very far when a heavy shell exploded -just behind. Three were seriously wounded (two of whom afterwards -died) and two slightly wounded. Colonel Hindle, of the 4th Loyals, -Major Robathan, and the other occupants of the wagon had very narrow -escapes. On reaching the concentration area everyone received a welcome -rum ration—an indulgence which in a few instances produced curious -effects! Food was ready and also baths and clean clothes. Colonel -Balfour and the Officers and N.C.O.’s of the “B” List were assiduous -in their attentions to the survivors. They had had information of -the progress of the battle from wounded Officers passing through the -Clearing Station at Vlamertinghe<span class="pagenum" id="Page_89">[89]</span> Mill. At 8.45 the Battalion left -the concentration area and proceeded by buses—in a long convoy with -the other units of the Brigade—to the Watou No. 3 Area, <i>via</i> -Brandhoek and Poperinghe.</p> - -<p>Camp outside Watou was reached about 1 a.m. on the 3rd, rations and -transport arriving a little later. Heavy rain had fallen and the -camp was a quagmire, but the exhausted troops threw themselves down -thankfully and were soon oblivious to their discomforts. Little else, -except sleep, was done during the day, but stock was taken of the -situation and casualties were estimated. The Battalion sustained the -following Officer casualties:—</p> - -<table summary="casualties"> - <tr> - <td class="tdla">Capt. W. R. Pattinson</td> - <td class="tdla">Wounded.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdla">Capt. H. A. Brocklebank</td> - <td class="tdla">Wounded and missing.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdla">Second-Lieut. G. W. Ford</td> - <td class="tdla">Killed.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdla">Second-Lieut. J. A. McGill</td> - <td class="tdla">Wounded.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdla">Second-Lieut. H. J. Warbrick</td> - <td class="tdla">Wounded.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdla">Second-Lieut. J. C. Alexander, M.C.</td> - <td class="tdla">Wounded.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdla">Second-Lieut. F. C. Gilling</td> - <td class="tdla">Wounded.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdla">Lieut. S. F. Walker</td> - <td class="tdla">Wounded.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdla">Second-Lieut. J. D. Johnstone</td> - <td class="tdla">Killed.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdla">Second-Lieut. R. Bradley</td> - <td class="tdla">Killed.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdla">Second-Lieut. J. R. Gaulter</td> - <td class="tdla">Wounded.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdla">Second-Lieut. T. H. Middleton</td> - <td class="tdla">Wounded.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdla">Second-Lieut. P. C. Taylor</td> - <td class="tdla">Wounded.</td> - </tr> -</table> - -<p>Other ranks: 21 killed, 145 wounded and 46 missing. The Battalion -captured four machine guns and its fair share of the 500 prisoners -captured by the Division. The casualties of the Battalion were not so -serious as those of other units in the Brigade. This grievous toll -was the price paid for an operation in which the Battalion again -vindicated its reputation for valour and devotion to duty. That this -view was shared by the higher authorities is shown by the following -communications, which it is fitting should be given here in full:—</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_90">[90]</span></p> - -<p class="smcap center p-left">55TH (West Lancashire) Division.</p> - -<p class="smcap center p-left">Special Order of the Day.</p> - -<p class="center p-left"><i>3rd August, 1917.</i></p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p><i>To all Ranks of the 55th (West Lancashire) Division.</i></p> - -<p>Before you went into action on the 31st July, I told you how -confident I was that the Division would do its duty, and -maintain its reputation, and the reputations of the grand -Regiments to which you belong.</p> - -<p>You have done more than that.</p> - -<p>The attack you made on the 31st is worthy to rank with the great -deeds of the British Army in the past, and has added fresh glory -to the record of that Army.</p> - -<p>The courage, determination, and self-sacrifice shown by -Officers, Warrant Officers, Non-Commissioned Officers and men is -beyond praise. It is a fine exhibition of true discipline, which -comes from the mutual confidence of all ranks in themselves, -their comrades, their leaders and those under them. This in its -turn is the product of hard training. Your doings on the 31st -show how well you have turned this training to account.</p> - -<p>You have captured every inch of the objectives allotted to you. -It was not your fault that you could not hold all you took. -You have broken and now hold in spite of weather and counter -attacks, a line that the enemy has strengthened and consolidated -at his leisure for more than two years.</p> - -<p>This will, I believe, be the beginning of the end. When -your turn comes to go forward again you will know your own -strength—and the enemy will know it too.</p> - -<p>I am proud of what you have done, and am confident that with -such troops ultimate victory is certain.</p> - -<p class="r5 narrow">(Signed) <span class="smcap">H. S. Jeudwine</span>,</p> - -<p class="r4 narrow"><i>Major-General</i>,</p> - -<p class="right narrow"><i>Commanding 55th (West Lancashire) Division</i>.</p></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_91">[91]</span></p> - - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p class="smcap r3 p2 narrow">Fifth Army,</p> - -<p class="r2 narrow">G.A. 790/7.</p> - -<p class="right narrow"><i>3rd August, 1917.</i></p> - -<p class="smcap p-left narrow">XIX Corps.</p> - -<p>The Army Commander wishes to convey his thanks and -congratulations to the G.O.C. and all Ranks of the 164th Brigade -on their fine performance on July 31st. They carried out their -task in a most gallant manner, and fought splendidly to retain -their hold on the ground won.</p> - -<p>All Officers showed energy, courage and initiative in dealing -with the situation, and the men under their command, in spite of -heavy losses, did their utmost by carrying out their orders, to -ensure our success and the enemy’s defeat.</p> - -<p>Great credit and praise is due to the G.O.C., 164th Brigade, for -the magnificent behaviour of the troops under his command.</p> - -<p class="r2 narrow">(Signed) <span class="smcap">N. Malcolm</span>,</p> - -<p class="right narrow"><i>Major-General, G.S.</i></p> - -</div> - - - -<p class="center p-left">2.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p class="smcap right narrow">164th Infantry Brigade,</p> - -<p class="r3 narrow">No. G. 280.</p> - -<p class="smcap p-left narrow">1/4th Royal Lancs. Regt.</p> - -<p>The Brigadier-General Commanding has much pleasure in forwarding -the above remarks of the Army Commander, and directs that these -be communicated to all ranks.</p> - -<p>He considers that all credit and praise is due to the Officers -and men of the Brigade.</p> - -<p class="r3 narrow">(Signed) <span class="smcap">G. Surtees</span>, <i>2nd Lieut.</i>,</p> - -<p class="r2 narrow"><i>for Captain</i>,</p> - -<p class="right narrow"><i>Acting Brigade Major, 164th Infantry Brigade</i>.</p> - -<p class="p-left narrow"><i>6th August, 1917.</i></p></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_92">[92]</span></p> - - -<p>The process of “cleaning up” and re-equipment was begun. All Companies -attended baths. Narratives were written by Company Commanders, -Platoon Commanders and Section Leaders. From these a Battalion Report -was compiled by Major Robathan and submitted to Brigade. Rain fell -persistently throughout the day but the evening was fine. At 2.30 a.m. -on the 5th August orders were received from Brigade for a move to an -area on the Lines of Communication, and at 7.30 a.m. the Battalion -left camp and proceeded to Abeele Station, where it halted for an -hour until the time for entrainment arrived. This was completed -by 11 a.m., and travelling via the Hazebrouck switch line and St. -Omer the Battalion detrained at Audruicq, and was conveyed in motor -lorries down the valley of the Hem, via Nordausques and Tournehem, to -Bonningues-les-Ardres. Here excellent and commodious billets had been -arranged for both Officers and men. The village had not been occupied -by troops for some time, and the inhabitants gave the Battalion a -splendid welcome. The well-wooded valley and surrounding moors were -a delightful change from the flats of Flanders. With us in the same -village were billeted the 8th Liverpools, while Brigade Headquarters -were at Tournehem.</p> - -<p>Reorganization of Companies was commenced. “A” Company under Lieut. -Withey, “B” Company under 2nd Lieut. Evans, “C” Company under Capt. -Procter, and “D” Company under 2nd Lieut. R. M. Senton. Reinforcements -were arriving and were posted to the different Companies. On parade -the Commanding Officer addressed the Battalion, expressing his pride -in what they had done. A long and pleasant period ensued in these -delighful surroundings, the time being devoted to training in the -morning and to recreation in the afternoon and evening. A Sports’ -Committee was formed and the utmost keenness was displayed in the -various competitions. A Battalion Sports and Gymkhana was held on -the afternoon of the 16th August, from 2 to 9 p.m. This was favoured -by splendid weather, and there was a<span class="pagenum" id="Page_93">[93]</span> large gathering of interested -spectators. There was a keen struggle for the Inter-Company Cup offered -for competition by the Commanding Officer, this being eventually won on -the following day, when the sports were continued, by the Transport. -These wound up in the evening with a Battalion Concert, organized by -2nd Lieut. Mudie, a gifted entertainer, who himself contributed his -little masterpiece “Three Hundred and Sixty-five Days.” A delightful -addition to these light-hearted proceedings took place when orders -were received from Brigade for forty-eight hours’ leave to be granted -to Officers to visit the coast of France, and twenty-four hours’ leave -to other Ranks to visit Calais. In the Brigade Sports, Battalion -representatives were uniformly successful, the Tug-of-War, 2 Miles, 1 -Mile, and Association Football falling to us.</p> - -<p>Reinforcements continued to arrive, amongst them being Second-Lieuts. -E. D. Howard, Veevers, White, E. Haslam, N. Whittaker, T. H. Pritchard, -and R. G. Hatcher.</p> - -<p>Training went on apace, and distinction was conferred on the Battalion -when a Platoon, under 2nd Lieut. Ellwood, was selected to give a -demonstration attack upon a strong point. Officers and N.C.O.’s from -Divisions in the Fifth Army attended this demonstration, which went -on for some days, and on 19th August, Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig -visited the Division and saw the Battalion at work in field operations.</p> - -<div class="sidenote"><i>September, 1917</i></div> - -<p>During our stay at Bonningues-les-Ardres, Lieut.-Col. G. B. Balfour -was invalided from the Battalion with scarlet fever, and command was -taken by Major P. E. Robathan. Captain and Adjutant J. Way returned to -England for a period of home service, and was succeeded as Adjutant by -Capt. R. Gardner. On the 6th September we marched to Moulle, of old -acquaintance, and fired field practices by Companies, but preparation -soon began for a return to the Ypres Salient. During the Division’s -period of absence from the line, several attempts by other Divisions<span class="pagenum" id="Page_94">[94]</span> -had been made to advance from the Black Line, but without marked -success. On the 10th the Battalion, together with the remainder of the -Brigade, took part in Divisional operations on ground representing the -area the Division will operate on in the forthcoming attack.</p> - -<p>On the 14th the Battalion moved by road to Audruicq, and there -entrained for Ypres, where we were billeted in tent and bivouacs -near Goldfish Chateau. On the following day a hostile squadron of -aeroplanes dropped three bombs on the camp, killing one and wounding -three others of other regiments. Capt. Wilson, our Medical Officer, was -also slightly wounded, but remained on duty. Next morning the camp was -again bombed by enemy aircraft, this time killing three and wounding -five other ranks of the Battalion. Bombs dropped a few yards from the -tent used as the Battalion Orderly Room, the Battalion Runners and -Headquarters details were the sufferers. Later in the day Second-Lieut. -Whittaker was wounded in the arm by an anti-aircraft machine gun bullet.</p> - -<p>On the 17th the Battalion was finally organized and, after the news of -Sergt. Mayson’s V.C. had come through, in the evening marched through -St. Jean and Wieltje to the Concentration Area, “B” and “D” Companies -Headquarters in Call Reserve (old German Reserve trench), and “C” and -“A” in the old British front line. We incurred casualties in 3 killed -and 4 wounded. The following day Officers and N.C.O.’s reconnoitred -the front line and position of attack, and “D” Company relieved the -10th Liverpool Scottish in the front shell-hole system, the Battalion -suffering 3 killed and 7 wounded in these operations. On the 19th -September we were fitted out with stores and extra rations, and moved -to positions of attack in shell holes between Somme and Hinducott, with -Headquarters at Capricorn Keep.</p> - -<p>Major P. E. Robathan commanded the Battalion, with Captain J. H. -Evans as Second-in-command. The 164th Infantry Brigade attacked on -a two-battalion<span class="pagenum" id="Page_95">[95]</span> frontage, 1/4th Royal Lancashire Regiment on the -right, 2/5th Lancashire Fusiliers on the left. 1/4th North Lancashire -Regiment acted as support to the Battalion, and 1/5th Royal Lancashire -Regiment, from 166th Infantry Brigade, was a reserve Battalion placed -under the command of the Brigadier-General Commanding, 164th Infantry -Brigade. The Battalion had orders to reach an intermediate objective, -the dotted Red Line; 1/4th North Lancashire Regiment, after supporting -the Battalion at the outset, was to pass through it and advance to the -Green Line. The attack was on a vast scale, eleven Divisions being -employed.</p> - -<p>During the night of the 19th–20th September platoons took up their -positions in shell holes west of the line Somme—Hinducott amidst a -severe bombardment, which had been going on for some days. At zero -hour (5.40 a.m. on the 20th September) the first wave advanced on the -enemy positions between Hinducott and Somme, and reached its first -objective in spite of stubborn opposition, especially from Aisne Farm -and Loos. Here, after a slight pause in the barrage, “A” and “C” -Companies continued to advance, but sustained heavy casualties from -enfilade fire. Owing to appalling mud, and determined opposition from -the garrisons of “pill-boxes,” the advance was slow, and the support -Battalion, 1/4th North Lancashire Regiment, soon became involved in the -fighting. The Battalion reached the dotted Red Line, but the support -Battalion was not sufficiently strong to continue the advance, and -eventually both Battalions held a line from Schuler Galleries to Loos, -under heavy bombardment and enfilade fire from both flanks. Capt. A. -P. Procter, commanding “C” Company, was placed in command of the front -line, which was manned by both Battalions and reinforcements from the -reserve Battalion, 1/5th Royal Lancashire Regiment.</p> - -<p>Patrols were sent out during the night to ascertain the enemy’s -positions, and forward posts pushed ahead. During the morning of the -21st, small parties of the enemy were observed coming down the forward -slopes in front of Gravenstafel carrying Red Cross<span class="pagenum" id="Page_96">[96]</span> flags. At 4.50 p.m. -the 8th Liverpool (Irish) occupied Schuler Farm and pushed forward to -the Green Line, at the same time the 5th Lancashire Fusiliers moved -forward from Schuler Galleries towards Cross Cotts. In the evening -the enemy intensely bombarded our front line, but no counter-attack -was made. During the night posts were pushed forward to prepare for -a further advance next night. At dawn on the 22nd, the enemy heavily -shelled our front line, and a small party was seen advancing towards -us. Our artillery and machine guns replied, and the hostile bombardment -ceased. During the morning our front line was again heavily shelled -by the enemy, and also again in the evening, but no attack was made -against us. Just before dawn on the 23rd, our front line was intensely -bombarded, our machine guns replying, and the bombardment died down. -On the afternoon of the 23rd, preparations were made for the relief -of the 39th Division. Guides had assembled at Battalion Headquarters, -Capricorn Keep, and were about to lead to their positions the guides -of the incoming unit, when, at 5.15 p.m., the whole of the Battalion -area was subjected to a violent bombardment, which lasted till 8 p.m. -Practically no casualties were sustained. What it must have been like -for the Companies out in the open can only be imagined, but in the -Battalion Headquarters’ dugout, with entrance conveniently facing the -enemy, the occupants waited, with what philosophy they could, for a -shell to intrude and sever their connection with the Third Battle of -Ypres. But none came. After some excitement concerning the whereabouts -of a platoon, the Battalion was relieved at 1.45 a.m. on September -24th by two platoons of the 2/6th North Staffordshire Regiment. The -survivors tramped through Wieltje to St. Jean for the last time, and -said farewell to Ypres. From Vlamertinghe we went by train and bus to -Watou.</p> - -<p>During these operations the Battalion sustained the following -casualties:—</p> - -<p>Captain C. E. Withey and Second-Lieut. E. T. White killed. -Second-Lieuts. G. C. Lingford (died of wounds),<span class="pagenum" id="Page_97">[97]</span> G. A. Taylor, T. H. -Pritchard, C. H. Newbold, R. M. Senton, and J. Thompson, wounded, and -R. G. Hatcher, died of wounds. Second-Lieut. C. G. Howard missing.</p> - -<p>Other Ranks: Killed, 37; Wounded, 155; Wounded and Missing, 1; Shell -Shock, 6; Missing, 24. Total, all ranks, 233. At a later date the -Officer temporarily in Command, Major P. E. Robathan, also went to -hospital suffering from the effects of gas.</p> - -<p>The conspicuous value and success of these strenuous operations is -amply testified by the following communications received from the -higher authorities:—</p> - - -<p class="smcap center p-left narrow1">55th (West Lancashire) Division.</p> - -<p class="smcap center p-left narrow">Order of the Day.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>1. The following telegrams have been received:—</p> - -<p>“Fifth Army wire begins. The Army Commander wishes to thank -all arms and all ranks for their splendid efforts in to-day’s -battle. Co-operation between Infantry, Artillery and Flying -Corps has been excellent, and very important successes have been -gained all along the front. Ends.”</p> - -<p>“Corps Commander thanks Field and Heavy Artillery for their good -work, and the Forward Observation Officers for the very useful -and timely information sent in. Ends.”</p> - -<p>“Corps Commander congratulates 9th and 55th Divisions and thanks -them for their success to-day. Ends.”</p> - - -<p>2. The Major-General Commanding wishes to add his thanks and -congratulations to all arms and ranks of the Division.</p> - -<p>There is no doubt whatever that in addition to making a very -substantial advance over difficult ground, stubbornly defended, -well organized, and liberally provided with strong cover, -artillery and machine guns, the Division, aided most ably by the -Corps Heavy Artillery, succeeded in dealing the enemy a very -heavy blow, and causing him severe losses.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_98">[98]</span></p> - -<p>Success was due to the fine determination shown by all ranks -and the hearty co-operation of Artillery, Engineers, Infantry, -Machine Gun Companies, Trench Mortars and the R.A.M.C. with each -other, which is the sign of a united and disciplined Division.</p> - - -<p class="r3 narrow">(Signed) <span class="smcap">T. Rose Price</span>,</p> - -<p class="r2 narrow"><i>Lieut.-Colonel</i>,</p> - -<p class="right narrow"><i>General Staff, 55th Division</i>.</p> - -<p class="p-left narrow"><i>21st September, 1917.</i></p></div> - - -<p class="smcap p2 center p-left narrow1">55th (West Lancashire) Division.</p> - -<p class="smcap center p-left narrow">Order of the Day.</p> - -<p>The following telegrams from the V Corps have been received:—</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“The Commander-in-Chief visited Corps Headquarters this evening -and expressed himself very pleased in the work of both Divisions -and sends them his congratulations and thanks.”</p> - -<p>“Fifth Army wire begins. Please congratulate 55th Division on -the gallant defence of Hill 37 yesterday, and upon the energy -and resource displayed by Commanders on the spot in organizing -counter-attacks. Ends.”</p> - -<p class="r3 narrow">(Signed) <span class="smcap">T. Rose Price</span>,</p> - -<p class="r2 narrow"><i>Lieut.-Colonel</i>,</p> - -<p class="right narrow"><i>General Staff, 55th Division.</i></p> - -<p class="p-left narrow"><i>23rd September, 1917.</i></p></div> - - -<p class="smcap p2 center p-left narrow1">55th (West Lancashire) Division.</p> - -<p class="smcap center p-left narrow">Order of the Day.</p> - -<p>The following telegram has been received from the Right Honourable E. -G. V. Earl of Derby, K.G., G.C.V.O., C.B., Secretary of State for War:—</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_99">[99]</span></p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“General Jeudwine, 55th Division Headquarters, B.E.F.</p> - -<p>“Well done 55th West Lancashire Division. Accept my most hearty -congratulations. I sincerely trust your losses are not heavy.</p> - -<p class="r6 narrow">Derby.”</p> - -<p class="r4 narrow">(Signed) <span class="smcap">T. Rose Price</span>,</p> - -<p class="r3 narrow"><i>Lieut.-Colonel</i>,</p> - -<p class="right narrow"><i>General Staff, 55th Division.</i></p> - -<p class="p-left narrow"><i>24th September, 1917.</i></p></div> - - -<p class="smcap p2 center p-left narrow1">55th (West Lancashire) Division.</p> - -<p class="smcap center p-left narrow">Order of the Day.</p> - -<p>The following telegram has been received from Fifth Army:—</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p class="smcap p-left">“55th Division.</p> - -<p>“Please convey to all ranks 55th Division the Army Commander’s -congratulations on the fine record of the Division during the -hard fighting of the past two months. The Army Commander wishes -specially to thank all ranks for their splendid efforts, which -have contributed greatly to the success of the last attack, -and to wish them all good luck and success in the future. -Despite their long period in the line prior to commencement of -operations they have well maintained and increased their high -reputation.</p> - -<p class="r2">“<span class="smcap">Fifth Army.</span>”</p> -</div> - - -<p>The following telegram has been received from the West Lancashire -Reserve Brigade:—</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p class="smcap p-left">“G.O.C. 55th Division, France.</p> - -<p>“Brigadier-General Stuart and all ranks West Lancashire Reserve -Brigade send heartiest congratulations to West Lancashire -Division on their splendid success.”</p> - -<p class="r4 narrow">(Signed) <span class="smcap">T. Rose Price</span>,</p> - -<p class="r3 narrow"><i>Lieut.-Colonel</i>,</p> - -<p class="right narrow"><i>General Staff, 55th Division.</i></p> - -<p class="p-left narrow"><i>27th September, 1917.</i></p></div> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_100">[100]</span></p> - - -<p>While it is true that virtue is its own reward, and kindles a pure -unquenchable flame in men’s hearts, it would be idle to deny that -these cordial messages of appreciation of their sacrifices cheered -the Battalion profoundly and steeled their determination for further -efforts in the stern task yet to be accomplished.</p> - -<p>On the 25th we spent a day cleaning up and resting. At 1 p.m. Major -Robathan addressed all Officers and other ranks who had been in battle. -Reinforcements as follows were received during the day: Second-Lieuts. -L. R. Keighley, J. R. Rundle, H. Walkden, A. J. Thorpe, F. J. Shuker, -R. L. Purnell, B. H. Gough, and 18 other Ranks. At 9.30 p.m. we moved -by march route to Hopoutre Station and entrained for Bapaume West, in -the Lens area. We arrived here at 12.30 p.m. on the 26th, and then -marched via Bapaume—Le Transloy—Rocquigny and Bus, to Ytres (not to -be confused with Ypres) to a camp at Vallulart Wood. This was a long -and tiring march; 15 men dropped out, but every one of these rejoined. -Here Platoon and Company training of an easy nature was carried out -until the 2nd October, when the Battalion was again on the move. At -9.15 a.m., accompanied by the Band and Transport, we marched out of -camp and proceeding via Etricourt—where we marched past the G.O.C. -55th Division—Manancourt—where the Brigadier-General Commanding -164th Brigade watched the Battalion marching—Nurlu—Aizecourt-le-Bas -to Longavesnes where we arrived in billets at 12.50 p.m. The weather -set in cold and wet and was a disagreeable change from the perfect -conditions we had enjoyed for several weeks. Captain A. P. Procter was -temporarily in command of the Battalion.</p> - -<p>Platoon and Company training was resumed and routes to the new trench -sector at St. Emilie were reconnoitred. A rousing Rugby football match -was played between the Battalion and Flying Corps Squadron XV. The -“Aces” were too good for the “King’s Own,” and we went under by 13 -points to 5. Major Robathan rejoined from hospital, together with 12 -Officer reinforcements. On the 12th October<span class="pagenum" id="Page_101">[101]</span> we marched into Brigade -Reserve at St. Emilie, under wet and unpleasant conditions, relieving -the 6th King’s Liverpools, while on the following evening the Battalion -took over trenches from the 7th King’s Liverpool Regiment in the -right sub-sector of the Right Sector at St. Emilie. Dispositions were -as follows: Right front line Cat Post “C” Company. Left front line -Gillemont Farm, “A” Company, Support Company, Duncan and Doleful Posts, -“B” Company. Reserve Company “D” Company and Battalion Headquarters at -Ken Lane. At 9.50 p.m. the relief was completed with no casualties. We -found the trenches in very fair condition, but much draining, reveting -and duck-boarding required.</p> - -<div class="sidenote"><i>Oct.–Nov., 1917</i></div> - -<p>A comparatively quiet period followed. There were occasional heavy -bombardments by the enemy’s Minenwerfers and Granatenwerfers. These did -considerable damage to our trenches but no casualties occurred, and our -Trench Mortars replied vigorously. Trench life alternated with periods -in Brigade Support in St. Emilie and Lempire, until the Battalion went -into Divisional Reserve on 2nd November in Longavesnes. The following -Officer reinforcements joined during October: Second-Lieuts. R. Smith, -R. W. Higginson, W. M. Stewart, G. Field, R. S. Dane, J. Mackay, -G. F. Raeside, A. J. Dartnell, G. N. Russell, A. H. Pemberton, W. -McAndrew, J. H. Sykes, N. Smith, C. J. Holland, G. W. Ferguson. Corpl. -W. Masters, “D” Company, was killed in action, and Lance-Corpl. A. -Clark, “D” Company, Pte. H. Bolton, “B” Company and Pte. H. Caton, -“D” Company, wounded, the two latter accidentally. The following -Decorations were awarded to Officers, N.C.O.s and men for gallantry and -devotion to duty in the fighting of September 20th/23rd:—</p> - -<p><i>Military Cross.</i>—A/Capt. A. P. Procter, Lieut. and Qr.-Mr. P. W. -Powell, Second-Lieuts. A. S. Latham and G. A. Taylor.</p> - -<p><i>Distinguished Conduct Medal.</i>—C.S.M. D. Graham, Sergt. F. S. -Yates, Sergt. A. Burton, Lance-Sergt. J. R. Pearson.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_102">[102]</span></p> - -<p><i>Military Medal.</i>—Corpl. T. Wright, Pte. A. E. Ashburn, Corpl. E. -Lockey, Lance-Sergt. W. Whiteside, C.Q.M. Sergt. W. G. Hinds, Pte. J. -Wild, Sergt. H. Myers, Lance-Corpl. H. Dobbs, Lance-Corpl. T. Chester -and Pte. E. G. Robinson.</p> - -<div class="sidenote"><i>November, 1917</i></div> - -<p>Lieut.-Colonel G. B. Balfour then returned from sick leave to command -the Battalion.</p> - -<p>The period in Longavesnes was spent in Company training and organized -games. Medals were presented to the winners of the Football -Competition, and the Cup offered by Colonel Balfour was presented to -the Transport for the Sports held at Bonningues in September. The -Battalion was also exercised in the Practice Attack as a preliminary -to the real operations now impending. The Battalion Band, under Band -Sergt. Rickwood, had at this time attained to a fine standard of -efficiency, and, while adding considerably to the amenities, were a -real asset on the march. At 5 p.m. on the 17th November we marched -out from Longavesnes en route for St. Emilie, a distance of 6 miles, -and reached billets at 6.45 p.m. At 7 p.m. on the 19th the Battalion -marched out by Companies at half-hour intervals to take up attack -positions in the right sub-sector of the Right Sector. (Gillemont Farm.)</p> - -<p>At 2.45 a.m. on the 20th November, Companies were all in position for -the attack. Their disposition was “A” Company and 1 Platoon “D” Company -on the right in Stokes Trench. “B” Company and 1 Platoon “D” Company in -centre in Stokes Trench. “C” Company and 1 Platoon “D” Company on left -in Blunt Nose. One Company 4th Loyal North Lancashire Regiment held -Cat Post—Dog Trench during the attack. At zero hour, 6.20 a.m., the -attack pushed forward under a heavy barrage of guns, trench mortars and -machine guns. The enemy wire was found to be very thick and generally -unbroken, and his barrage was quickly put down on our front line and -approaches. This barrage increased as time went on; guns from both -flanks evidently being brought into action. The Right Flank made good -progress in spite of strong<span class="pagenum" id="Page_103">[103]</span> opposition, and all but gained their final -objective. The Centre Company from the start encountered heavy machine -gun fire, and when they reached the enemy immediate support line, were -met with showers of bombs and rifle grenades, the enemy making a very -stubborn resistance.</p> - -<p>They pushed on, however, and made progress for a time, but being -greatly outnumbered, and suffering heavy casualties, they were held up -short of the final objective. The Left Company encountered almost uncut -wire, but, forcing their way through, they pushed on until, running -short of bombs, and meeting superior forces of the enemy, they were -held up.</p> - -<p>The Left Company were gradually forced back, as the attack on the left -Battalion had failed, while the Centre Company were ejected from their -forward position, and were hard pressed to hold their own. Towards -noon the Left Company had been forced back to the enemy front line, -while the Centre Company were in danger of being cut off from the Right -Company, who were themselves being forced gradually back.</p> - -<p>At 12.45 p.m. reinforcements were sent up from the 5th King’s -Liverpools, and, with the help of these 2 Platoons, the Centre Company -attempted to consolidate the enemy front line, and join up with the -Right Company. About 1 p.m. the enemy made a very determined attack, -and forced the Centre Company back into our original line by weight of -numbers, and superiority of bombs, rifle grenades, etc. Enemy trench -mortars and artillery were active on our Support Line and roads of -approach. The Right Company, finding both flanks in the air, and being -attacked by superior numbers, fell back to avoid being surrounded and -cut off altogether. The fighting all morning was particularly fierce, -but the enemy were superior in numbers and ammunition, and great -difficulty was experienced in getting ammunition through the enemy -barrage to the attacking Companies. The Companies reorganized in our -front<span class="pagenum" id="Page_104">[104]</span> line, and devoted all their efforts to clearing the trenches of -wounded, debris, etc.</p> - -<p>The Battalion was relieved during the night of the 20th /21st by the -4th Loyals, and moved into dugouts in Ken Lane—Sart Lane, the relief -being completed by 4.30 a.m. The day was spent resting, cleaning -clothes, arms, etc., and salving of equipment, arms, and the removal -of dead from the front line. At 6 p.m. on the 22nd Companies moved -off independently and concentrated at St. Emilie, where they were met -by the Band, and marched to billets in Longavesnes, and became part -of the Divisional Reserve. At 2.30 p.m. on the 23rd the Major-General -Commanding the Division came and spoke to the Battalion, which paraded -in fatigue dress. In the course of his remarks, the General stated that -“Although the Battalion did not hold their gains, yet they more than -achieved the object of this attack. A considerable quantity of men and -guns were kept employed opposite our front, and so assisted our advance -at Cambrai. No enemy reinforcements left our front until late in the -day.”</p> - -<p>The following casualties were sustained during this attack:—</p> - -<p>Officers.—Killed, Lieut. A. M. Clark (displayed splendid leadership -in Gillemont Crescent), Second-Lieut. A. J. Dartnell. Wounded, -Second-Lieut. J. R. Rundle (died of wounds), Capt. T. R. Blain, -Second-Lieuts. R. Smith, J. Mackay, J. H. Sykes, G. Field, L. R. -Keighley. Total, 9.</p> - -<p>Other Ranks.—Killed 9, Wounded 113, Missing 80. Total 202.</p> - -<p>There was little repose in this period of “rest” and the general -atmosphere was one of tension. On the 29th the Battalion was ordered -to “Stand To” and be ready to move immediately, as heavy enemy attacks -were expected opposite the Divisional front. At 8.30 a.m. on the 30th -we moved off by Companies to concentrate with the rest of the 164th -Brigade near St. Emilie. At 10.30 a.m. the Battalion was ordered to -move to Epehy and hold on at all costs.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_105">[105]</span> The enemy had broken through -on the flank of the Left Brigade, and cut off almost the whole of the -Brigade in the line. At 12 noon Companies extended to N.E. of Epehy and -advanced in extended order to reinforce the 5th King’s Own, who were -being forced back from their forward positions. Companies dug in a new -line about 300 yards behind the front line held by the 5th King’s Own. -The enemy were held, and we commenced to consolidate the position. The -evening was fairly quiet and our casualties had been small.</p> - -<div class="sidenote"><i>December, 1917</i></div> - -<p>On the 1st December the Battalion were in immediate support to the -remains of the 166th Brigade, on the left of the Divisional front. -The line held was as follows: From Fallen Tree Road on the right to -Fourteen Willows Road and thence to Epehy—Villers Guislain Road on the -left. During the early morning a party of the 5th King’s Own and 10th -Liverpool Scottish, who had been surrounded in Limerick Post for nearly -twenty-four hours, fought their way out and regained our lines. This -party reinforced the front line and enabled closer touch to be gained -with the 5th Lancashire Fusiliers on our left. At 6 a.m. an attack was -due to commence by Tanks and Cavalry, with the intention of re-taking -Villers Guislain, but no action was observed, although the artillery -activity on the left increased considerably. At 9 a.m. however -an attack by cavalry commenced. Two Squadrons advanced along the -Epehy—Villers Guislain road and attempted to attack in the direction -of Villers Guislain, but they were so badly cut up by artillery fire -and Machine Guns that they withdrew to Epehy. Cavalry also attacked -from Little Priel Farm on the right, and managed to make progress. One -Squadron attempted to approach Villers Guislain by pushing along the -valley from Little Priel Farm, but were met with heavy machine gun fire -from Parr’s Bank, and although they held on to a forward position near -Fourteen Willows Road for some time, they suffered heavy casualties, -and were ultimately forced to withdraw.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_106">[106]</span></p> - -<p>The enemy made no further attempt to attack the Brigade front, -devoting his efforts to consolidating the ground gained, but his -artillery, Machine Guns and snipers were very active all morning. At -1 p.m. we launched a counter-attack with the intention of re-taking -Meath, Kildare and Limerick Posts, and making these posts a line -of resistance. About 200 of the 5th King’s Own, 10th Liverpool -Scottish and 5th Loyals, together with 2 Squadrons of Indian Cavalry, -constituted the attacking force. Inadequate Artillery support, and -heavy enemy Machine Gun fire were mainly responsible for the failure -of the attack, and the survivors returned to our front line, having -suffered severely. During the attack “A” Company moved up from -immediate support to the front line, S. of Fourteen Willows Road.</p> - -<p>At 4.30 p.m. enemy Artillery became very active, Battalion Headquarters -in Fourteen Willows Road, our front line and support line to the right -of the Epehy—Villers Guislain Road, were heavily shelled for about -half an hour. As evening drew near, however, conditions became normal. -The 8th Liverpool Irish advanced on the left of Epehy—Villers Guislain -Road in support of the 4th Loyals, and eventually gained touch with the -left flank of the 166th Brigade on the right of Epehy—Villers Guislain -Road. The 166th Infantry Brigade, including the 4th King’s Own, were -relieved during the night by the 110th Infantry Brigade, 21st Division, -and went into billets in St. Emilie, the relief being completed at 1.30 -a.m. on the 2nd December, and all Companies had arrived in billets -by 3.30 a.m. The day was spent in resting and cleaning equipment and -clothes, but we were again under orders to be ready to move at half an -hour’s notice. Reserves of ammunition, grenades, tools and rations were -brought up to establishment.</p> - -<p>At 4 p.m. on the 4th December orders were received for the Battalion -to move up to Sandbag Alley to reinforce the Reserves of the 165th -Brigade. Companies moved off independently and all were safely in -dugouts by 8 p.m. In anticipation of an imminent<span class="pagenum" id="Page_107">[107]</span> enemy attack we -“stood to,” “C” and “D” Companies manning Queen’s Trench, and “A” -and “B” Companies remaining in Sandbag Alley. All being quiet on the -Brigade front Companies stood down at 7.30 a.m. At midnight on the 5th -the 165th Brigade including the 4th King’s Own, were relieved by the -48th Infantry Brigade, 16th Division. On completion Companies marched -independently to St. Emilie. Accommodation was exceedingly scarce, and -the whole Battalion were crowded into one Adrian Hut. The weather was -very cold, dry and frosty. At 5.30 a.m. on the 6th we were called on to -man the Brown Line as Reserves to the 48th Infantry Brigade, in case -of attack. After considerable difficulty this was completed, but the -morning proved exceptionally quiet, and the Battalion was ordered by -Division to return to billets in St. Emilie.</p> - -<p>At 1 p.m. verbal orders were received from Colonel Eden, A.A. and -Q.M.G., that the Battalion would be relieved that day, and were to -proceed to Longavesnes. Accordingly at 2 p.m. we marched to the -Transport Lines at Villers Faucon and had tea. At 5 p.m., accompanied -by the Band, the Battalion marched into Longavesnes, and proceeded -thence by bus to Peronne, which was reached at 7.15, and by 8 p.m. -the whole Battalion had reached the Camp. The whole of the 7th was -spent in resting and making preparations for continuing the move. The -weather turned wet in the evening. At 10 a.m. on the 8th following -the 8th Liverpool Irish and 5th Lancashire Fusiliers, we marched to -Peronne-Flamicourt Station and entrained, leaving at 12 noon for -Beaumetz-les-Loges. On arrival at 9.30 p.m. we formed up behind the 8th -Liverpool Irish and marched into billets at Lattre St. Quentin at 2 -a.m. on the 9th after a tiring march in the rain. The route travelled -was via Simoncourt—Wanquentin—Hauteville—Lattre St. Quentin. The -remainder of the day was spent in resting and cleaning up, rain falling -almost the whole day. The Transport, which had marched all the way -from<span class="pagenum" id="Page_108">[108]</span> Peronne, halting for the night of the 8th/9th at Courcelles, -arriving at 6 p.m.</p> - -<p>On the 10th at 9 a.m. the Battalion was again on the march, moving via -Avesnes le Comte—Manin—Givenchy le Noble—Penin—Tinques, arriving -in billets in Bailleul-aux-Cornailles at 2 p.m., the weather being -fine but cold. The following day at 10.30 a.m. the march was resumed -via Monchy—Breton (where we marched past the Brigadier-General -Commanding 164th Infantry Brigade)—La Thieuloye—Valhuon Hestrus to -Eps, where billets were reached at 3 p.m., the weather being fine. -On the 12th at 10 a.m. the Battalion marched to Crepy via Petit -Anvin, billets being reached at 12 noon. At 10.30 a.m. on the 13th, -we made what was to be the last of this series of marches moving via -Fruges—Monteville—Radhinghem—Wandonne and Dennebroccq to Reclinghem -where we arrived in billets at 3.25 p.m. The weather continued warm and -bright.</p> - -<p>After the hard fighting and strenuous exercises of the past few -months, the long period of rest in Reclinghem which followed was not -unacceptable. Freed from trench worries for the time being, leisurely -but thorough attention could be paid to reorganization, platoon and -company training, and this was the general routine now followed. The -Brigade Baths at Coyecque also received a full measure of patronage. -The weather turned cold, with leaden skies threatening snow, and this -duly arrived to give a traditional setting to Christmas Day. This was -our third Christmas in France and Belgium, and as the previous two -had been spent in the trenches at Authuille and Ypres respectively, -special efforts were made on this occasion to mark this genial festival -in a more fitting manner. A very pleasant day was spent, and one that -lingers in the memory. There was a Voluntary Church Parade in the -morning, which took place in the School at Reclinghem, and at 3.30 -p.m. the Brigadier-General Commanding, accompanied by the Commanding -Officer, visited all the Companies in turn at dinner. The Sergeants, -after attending to<span class="pagenum" id="Page_109">[109]</span> the men’s needs, had their dinner at 5.30 p.m., and -they also received a visit from the Commanding Officer, when the usual -compliments of the season were exchanged. All Officers dined together -in the Headquarters Mess at 7.30 p.m., when the Battalion Band was in -attendance, and rendered an appropriate programme in a pleasing manner. -Altogether a memorable day.</p> - -<div class="sidenote"><i>January, 1918</i></div> - -<p>New Year’s Day, 1918, was observed, by order of the Brigadier, as -a holiday from all parades, except for short inspection parades in -the morning. Sports were indulged in during the day, but the weather -conditions were too severe to admit of organized games. News was -received that the Brigadier-General Commanding (General Stockwell) had -been awarded the C.M.G., and a congratulatory message was sent from -the Colonel and all Officers. In spite of the adverse weather, which -necessitated much clearing of snow, training was persevered with, and -on the 19th January the First Army Commander, General Sir H. S. Horne, -inspected the 164th Infantry Brigade Group on the parade ground of -the 5th Lancashire Fusiliers, at Coyecque. He took the opportunity of -presenting medal ribands awarded to various members of the Battalion, -Officers, N.C.O.s and men. The massed Brigade Buglers, under Corporal -Parry of the 4th King’s Own, sounded the General Salute. The Battalion -Band played during the Inspection, and, as the various units marched -past, played the “March Past” of each Unit. The Army Commander, in his -address, referred to the fight at Gueudecourt on September 27th, 1916, -on which occasion the 164th Brigade was last under his Command—as -Commander of the XIV Corps. He complimented the Brigade on its fine -turnout, and steadiness on parade.</p> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_110">[110]</span></p> - -<h3>CHAPTER VIII.<br /> -<span class="subhed">Givenchy.</span></h3></div> - -<div class="sidenote"><i>February, 1918</i></div> - -<p class="drop-cap p-left">Time was passing, the enemy unconquered, and our pleasant stay in -Reclinghem came to an end. Companies engaged in preparations for the -Battalion move towards the Line. At 8.15 a.m. on the 7th February we -proceeded by march route via Beaumetz-les-Aire, Laires, Febvin, Palfart -to Ligny-les-Aires, where billets were reached at 12.30 p.m. Rain -fell in torrents during this march. At 10 a.m. the following morning -the march was resumed, and proceeding via St. Hilaire and Lillers, we -halted in billets for the night at Busnettes. The Battalion was joined -en route by 6 Officers and 194 other ranks of the 7th Bn. The King’s -Own, who had been posted to us on the disbandment of that Battalion. On -the 9th, at 9 a.m., we proceeded by march route via Chocques, Annezin, -Béthune, Vaudricourt and Drouvin to Houchin, where Camp was reached at -1 p.m. We spent four days in Houchin, where training was resumed while -the Commanding Officer, accompanied by the Intelligence Officer and -Company Commanders, proceeded to reconnoitre the line, preparatory to -the 164th Infantry Brigade taking over La Bassée Canal Sector.</p> - - - -<p>On the 14th February the Battalion paraded, and moved up by Companies -at 100 yards interval, to take over position in the Line, as Support -Battalion to the Right Sector, and relieved the 6th Lancashire -Fusiliers, 42nd Division. On the 20th we relieved the 4th Loyals in the -left front Sub-Sector, and spent the time in repairing and improving -the trenches. Trench life at this period was comparatively uneventful, -quiet periods alternating with intermittent shelling on both sides, -while patrols scoured No Man’s Land nightly. Pte. Pepper accounted -for one of an enemy patrol, who was identified as belonging to “205 -R.I.R.,” which useful item of information was duly conveyed to Brigade -Headquarters. On<span class="pagenum" id="Page_111">[111]</span> the 2nd March the Battalion was relieved by the 5th -Lancashire Fusiliers and moved back to Support in the Village Line. On -the 5th March we were relieved by portions of the 6th North Staffs, -and the 5th South Staffs. Regiment, and moved back by motor lorry to -Hingette, where the Battalion was now in Divisional Reserve.</p> - -<div class="sidenote"><i>March, 1918</i></div> - -<p>The time was occupied in cleaning up, bathing parades to Béthune, and -training under Company arrangements. “Summer” time was adopted at 11 -p.m. on the 9th, the clock being put forward an hour. This period -was anything but restful; there was much tension in the air, and the -Battalion was under “Stand To” orders in readiness to move to the -forward area in case of the expected enemy attack. At 6.10 a.m. on the -11th March, the Battalion received orders to move to the Concentration -Area near Gorre, and moved off in fighting order within half an hour of -receiving the order. The Battalion, with the remainder of the Brigade, -remained in the Concentration Area until 12 noon, when orders were -received to move back to Hignette, the orders as to standing-to still -remaining in force. A party of Officers and men reconnoitred the ground -behind the Portuguese Division on the left, in anticipation of a call -to move to the support of that Division. Reveille was now at 4.30 a.m. -daily. On the 12th the order to move to the Concentration Area, near -Gorre, was received at 6.10 a.m., and within ten minutes the Battalion -had moved off. At 10 a.m. we moved back, Headquarters and 2 Companies -going into billets at Essars, and 2 Companies to Choqvaux. This state -of acute preparation continued, and further reconnoitring of the -defences in rear of the Portuguese Division on our left took place. -This was a precautionary measure, in the event of orders being received -to form a defensive flank if the enemy penetrated the front of that -Division.</p> - -<p>At 7 a.m. on the 17th, the Battalion moved off by Companies to -relieve the 5th King’s Liverpool Regt. in the line at Givenchy. The -dispositions were as<span class="pagenum" id="Page_112">[112]</span> follows: “C” Company left front; “D” Company -right front; “A” Company in support in Tunnels; “B” Company in reserve, -occupying Givenchy Keep, Mairie Redoubt, and Moat Farm Redoubt. -Battalion Headquarters were at South Moor Villas in Hitchen Road. -The day was very clear, and nine enemy observation balloons were up, -consequently much of our movement was observed, and the whole system -was shelled intermittently during the day. Quiet periods alternated -with heavy shelling by the enemy, gas shells being largely used, and -these mostly of the mustard gas variety. Wolfe Road, King’s Road and -Windy Corner, in the communication area, in addition to the above -mentioned posts, all received these unwelcome attentions. At midnight -on the 24th March our Artillery opened a heavy barrage of all calibres, -including trench mortars, machine guns, rifle grenades and thermite, -on the enemy trenches, and a successful raid was carried out by the -5th King’s Liverpool Regt. on our left, and nine prisoners were taken. -Enemy retaliation was practically nil. On examination, these prisoners -stated that an attack was imminent. In view of this statement the 5th -Lancashire Fusiliers were ordered up to the Village Line to strengthen -the defences, one Company being attached to our Battalion. Additional -Machine Guns were also brought into the Sector, but no attack developed -for the time being. On the 27th our snipers had a very successful day, -accounting for six of the enemy, including an Officer.</p> - -<p>The night was remarkably quiet, and we were relieved by the 5th -Lancashire Fusiliers, moving into Brigade Reserve in Gorre. “C” Company -occupied the Tuning Fork Line, immediately North of La Bassée Canal. -“D” Company took over the Village Line with two Platoons at Pont Fixe, -and two Platoons at Windy Corner. Battalion Headquarters and “A” and -“B” Companies being in Brigade Reserve in Gorre. The Companies engaged -in cleaning up and refitting, also visiting the Divisional Baths at -Beuvry. After over a week’s perfect weather rain began to<span class="pagenum" id="Page_113">[113]</span> fall. At -11.15 a.m. on the 31st March, Church Parade was held at the Château -Gorre.</p> - -<div class="sidenote"><i>April, 1918</i></div> - -<p>On the 1st April, Companies moved up independently, via the northern -bank of La Bassée Canal to Pont Fixe, to relieve the 4th Loyals in the -right sector of the Brigade Front on La Bassée Canal. The relief was -completed at 11.15 p.m. without incident, the weather being fine, and -the night quiet. Dispositions were: Right Front “A” Company; Centre -“B” Company; Left Front “C” Company; with “D” Company in support in -Givenchy Keeps. Battalion Headquarters were in the Village Line. On the -night of the 4th April our Patrols entered the enemy front line and -communication trenches without any opposition. Good work on this patrol -was done by Second-Lieuts. Raeside, Lyon and Holmes. These patrols -again entered the enemy lines on the nights of the 5th and 6th. They -penetrated as far as the support line, and found the system unoccupied -from the Canal to a point N.E. of Warlingham Crater. A raid which -should have been undertaken by the 4th Loyals was cancelled, owing to -information gained by our Patrols. The 8th was a very quiet day. Not a -shell fell on the Brigade front. “D” Company in the Keeps relieved “C” -Company on the left front.</p> - -<p>On the morning of the 9th April there was a heavy fog. The enemy opened -a bombardment with gas shells, and a few 4.2’s and 5.9’s, behind -our front line. Gradually gas shelling decreased, and the volume of -heavier shells increased, the front line receiving some attention. -The following brief summary of events, altogether inadequate to the -occasion, must unhappily suffice to give some indication of the -historic stand now made by the 55th (West Lancashire) Division, against -what was to be the last main despairing effort of a formidable enemy to -overwhelm his opponent:—</p> - -<p><i>7.30 a.m.</i>—Our front line was destroyed by Minenwerfers, and -shelling was very heavy on Oxford Terrace and Bayswater.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_114">[114]</span></p> - -<p><i>8.5 a.m.</i>—Battalion Headquarters was very heavily shelled, and -caused serious casualties to Headquarters, Runners and Pioneers.</p> - -<p><i>9.30 a.m.</i>—An “S.O.S.” was received by Runner from Canal North, -despatched at 9.15 by Captain Ellwood. This was transmitted by power -buzzer, and also by Runner, to the forward guns, and to Brigade.</p> - -<p><i>10.30 a.m.</i>—Bayswater from Cheyne Walk to 100 yards north were -held by us. 5th Lancashire Fusiliers from Support reached the Village -Line. One Platoon of “C” Company, 5th Lancashire Fusiliers reinforced -main line of resistance. “D” Company, 5th Lancashire Fusiliers formed a -defensive flank at Windy Corner, where the enemy had broken through the -Portuguese Division on our left as anticipated. The enemy was prevented -from penetrating west of Pont Pike—Windy Corner.</p> - -<p><i>10.50 a.m.</i>—“A” Company were back at Spoil Bank, and re-took -Company Headquarters and Cheyne Walk to beyond Bayswater. Bayswater was -cleared by bombing, and Death or Glory Sap was still holding out.</p> - -<p><i>10.55 a.m.</i>—Mairie Redoubt was still intact, and Gunner Siding -N. held, the enemy being bombed out of Gunner Siding S. towards Orchard -Road. We were in touch with the 4th Loyals on our left.</p> - -<p><i>11.20 a.m.</i>—No sign of enemy at Mairie Redoubt. Our right -Company was in touch with 5th Lancashire Fusiliers in Bayswater, who -bombed up Orchard Road.</p> - -<p><i>12.5 p.m.</i>—Enemy holding top of Orchard Road and firing machine -guns across Spoil Bank.</p> - -<p><i>12.15 p.m.</i>—We took 14 prisoners in Death or Glory Sap.</p> - -<p><i>12.55 p.m.</i>—Enemy still in Orchard Keep.</p> - -<p><i>3 p.m.</i>—Enemy in Company Headquarters, in Oxford Terrace, Gunner -Trench cleared by Captain Evans and Captain Overton.</p> - -<p><i>3.20 p.m.</i>—Company Headquarters in Oxford Terrace re-taken, and -enemy cleared from Bayswater and Oxford Terrace.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_115">[115]</span></p> - -<p><i>3.35 p.m.</i>—Enemy cleared from Orchard Keep.</p> - -<p><i>4 p.m.</i>—Enemy cleared from Cheyne Walk, Bayswater and Spoil -Bank. Oxford and Cambridge Terrace reported all clear. Reorganization -of Keeps in progress.</p> - -<p><i>4.50 p.m.</i>—Arrival of 2 Officers and 50 other ranks, details of -other Units, as reinforcements.</p> - -<p><i>4.55 p.m.</i>—Situation on Battalion front: “A” Company in -occupation of Bayswater and Death or Glory Sap. “B” Company in -occupation of Bayswater (with 17 other ranks). “C” Company in -occupation of Oxford Terrace (with one attached Platoon of 5th -Lancashire Fusiliers), Mairie Redoubt, Gunner Siding and Orchard Keep. -“D” Company in occupation of Cambridge Terrace to Wolfe Road. Enemy in -occupation of Warlingham Crater and Lower Finchley Road.</p> - -<p><i>5 p.m.</i>—One Company of 5th South Lancashire Regiment (Captain -Hill) arrives, and is divided between “A” and “C” Companies.</p> - -<p><i>7.20 p.m.</i>—Mairie Redoubt, Orchard Keep, and Gunner Siding -normally held by us.</p> - -<p><i>April 10th, 12.30 a.m.</i>—Our original line now held intact. A -Patrol of the right front Company reports no enemy movement in No -Man’s Land or enemy front line trenches. The night was quiet, with no -Artillery fire, and little machine gun fire.</p> - -<p><i>9.40 a.m.</i>—Enemy Aeroplane No. 18 dropped a bomb on Bayswater, -wounding 14 of “A” Company. Our low-flying planes fired into enemy -trenches. During the afternoon the enemy shelled Windy Corner—Pont -Fixe very heavily with 4·2, 5·9, and 8-in. (or 11-in.) shells. -Observation of movement behind the enemy lines leads to expectation of -another hostile attack. We opened a harassing Artillery and Machine Gun -fire on the enemy front line, which continued until 9 p.m. and then -slackened.</p> - -<p><i>11th April.</i>—Patrols out during the night of 10th/11th April -reported no hostile occupation of No Man’s Land, and no sound of -movement of troops. There was no enemy activity during the night, -beyond<span class="pagenum" id="Page_116">[116]</span> occasional long bursts of machine gun fire from Embankment -Redoubt and from North East. The afternoon was quiet, but there was a -violent bombardment of Le Plantin in the evening.</p> - -<p><i>11.10 p.m.</i>—Relief of “D” Company in the left Sector, by -“C” Coy. in the Keeps, was reported complete, but this relief was -considerably delayed by shell fire.</p> - -<p><i>12th April, 9.30 a.m.</i>—The Brigade Major visited Battalion -Headquarters and issued verbal orders for the relief of the Battalion -in the Line, by the 5th Lancashire Fusiliers from the Village Line. -Operation Orders were issued, and reconnaissances of dispositions were -carried out at once.</p> - -<p><i>1 p.m.</i>—Relief commenced and was successfully carried out by -small parties.</p> - -<p><i>6.35 p.m.</i>—Relief completed. Dispositions now in the Village -Line were: Pont Fixe, “A” Company (with “D” Company, 5th South -Lancashire Regiment). Fanshawe Castle, “D” and “B” Companies. Windy -Corner, “C” Company. Battalion Headquarters remained unchanged.</p> - -<p><i>13th April.</i>—The enemy bombarded the Village Line during the -day, and the work of wiring the northern flank between Windy Corner and -Lone Farm commenced.</p> - -<p><i>14th April, 4.45 p.m.</i>—The Windy Corner defences were taken over -from “C” Company, by a Company of the 5th South Lancashire Regiment. -Information was received of the forthcoming relief of the Brigade by -the 1st Brigade.</p> - -<p><i>15th April.</i>—Preparations for relief by the 1st Camerons.</p> - -<p><i>16th April, 11 a.m.</i>—Lewis Gun Teams of the 1st Camerons arrived -at Westminster Bridge, and were conducted by guides to Companies.</p> - -<p><i>10 p.m.</i>—Relieving Companies met at Westminster Bridge.</p> - -<p><i>11.15 p.m.</i>—Relief completed without incident. Enemy Artillery -was quiet during the relief. Companies proceeded independently to -a point on the<span class="pagenum" id="Page_117">[117]</span> Beuvry—Béthune Road, where buses were waiting to -convey them to their destination. During this operation a dozen 5·9 -shells fell in the vicinity, but had no effect beyond accelerating -the departure of the convoy. The Company of the 5th South Lancashire -Regiment left us here, and proceeded to Burbure.</p> - -<p>One episode in this outstanding engagement may be commented on. Orchard -Keep—a key position—was occupied by 2nd Lieut. J. H. Collin and -sixteen Non-Commissioned Officers and men, who held the post until -overwhelmed by successive attacks by the Germans. The whole of this -party were reported killed, but Lance-Corporal J. Pollitt was wounded -and taken prisoner. Badly wounded as he was, this N.C.O. killed his -escort, and fought his way back alone to our lines. The defence of -Orchard Keep made such an impression on the Higher Command that 2nd -Lieut. J. H. Collin was awarded the posthumous Victoria Cross (see -Appendix). It therefore seems reasonable to assume that Lance-Corpl. -Pollitt, as the only survivor of this very gallant band, was an -unlucky victim of the fortune of war, in that he received no official -recognition of his valuable services on this and other occasions. It -is interesting too, that Lance-Corpl. Pollitt was associated with the -events which led to the grant of the two Victoria Crosses previously -earned by the Battalion.</p> - -<p>The Battalion arrived in billets in Marles-les-Mines at 4 a.m. on the -17th. These billets were comfortable and much appreciated. The usual -daily parades followed, and these included bathing parades to Auchel, -and visits to the 55th Divisional Theatre at the same village. On the -21st April at 10 a.m., the Battalion paraded and marched, accompanied -by the Band, to the Aerodrome near Auchel, where an inspection of -the Brigade by the Divisional Commander was held. It was anticipated -that the French Premier would be present at this parade, but for some -reason of State, this anticipation was not realised. At 6.30 a.m. on -the 23rd, the Battalion proceeded by bus to Vaudricourt, in the Houchin -area, prior to<span class="pagenum" id="Page_118">[118]</span> taking over trenches again. Here, as the weather was -delightfully sunny, the day was spent agreeably in the woods. In the -evening two Companies moved off by the light railway, to relieve the -1st Battalion The Loyals in the Givenchy Sector, while two Companies -and Battalion Headquarters moved up by bus. Headquarters sustained -10 casualties through Artillery fire, when alighting near Annequin. -Dispositions were as follows: Right Sector, La Bassée Canal; on the -right, “A” Company; centre, “B” Company; left, “C” Company, with “D” -Company in support. The Transport moved to the Château Drouvin.</p> - -<p>Two of our fighting patrols, which went out just after dark on the -25th, to occupy the junction of Orchard Road and front line, to the -junction of Finchley Road and front line, met the enemy in force, -became heavily engaged, and were driven back. Second-Lieuts. Sykes and -Whitmore were wounded. A barrage was put down to enable a third party -to rush this line. The barrage came down in No Man’s Land, behind -the objective, and our men could not advance against hostile machine -gun fire. Several casualties were sustained. The enemy were holding -our old front line in strength. At 4 a.m. on the 26th April, covered -by Artillery fire, two platoons of “A” and “D” Companies rushed the -enemy position, and heavy hand-to-hand fighting ensued. Our party was -forced to withdraw. At 2.20 p.m., under cover of Artillery fire and -Machine Gun barrage, two Platoons of “C” and “D” Companies attempted, -in conjunction with 5th Lancashire Fusiliers to retake the crater saps -on our left. The barrage did not come down on “K” and “J” Saps, and -the Lancashire Fusiliers were unable to reach their objectives. The -4th King’s Own reached their objectives after fierce fighting, during -which 40 German prisoners were taken. Parties of “C” Company, under -Second-Lieut. Hunter, on the left, quickly cleared Berkeley Street, -“E” Sap, and front line. Parties of “D” Company, under Second-Lieut. -Stewart, on the right, rushed from Coventry Sap and took “A” Sap, also -obtaining<span class="pagenum" id="Page_119">[119]</span> touch with “C” Company. Second-Lieut. Hunter was killed -after these objectives were reached. Touch was established with the 5th -Lancashire Fusiliers but the latter were driven from their positions -by strong enemy counter-attacks. Our own posts became surrounded on -three sides, and we were forced to give ground. After bitter fighting -we accomplished a successful withdrawal to our former lines, after -inflicting heavy losses on the enemy. Congratulations were received -from Corps, Division, and Brigade Commanders on the fine fighting -qualities displayed.</p> - -<div class="sidenote"><i>April–May, 1918</i></div> - -<p>On the 28th April we were relieved by the 4th Loyals, and went into -support in the Village Line, Battalion Headquarters being in Fanshawe -Castle; “B” and “D” Companies in Canal Bank; “A” Company in Pont Fixe, -and “C” Company, Windy Corner. The 7th King’s Liverpool Regt. relieved -us on the night of the 1st May, and we went into Brigade Reserve in -Verquigneul, where re-clothing, refitting and bathing was carried out. -Reinforcements joined us and Companies were reorganized. The Divisional -Commander inspected and interviewed parties of “C” and “D” Companies -who took part in the recent attack on the Crater Saps. Platoon and -Company training were also carried out. On the 8th May preparations -were made for going up into the line. 2 Officers and 135 other ranks -proceeded by march route to Allouagne, to Corps Reinforcement Depot, as -“B” Team. At 7.30 p.m. the march to the trenches by platoons commenced. -We relieved the 5th King’s Liverpool Regt. in the Givenchy Right -Sector, Left Sub-Sector. The relief was completed at 1.40 a.m. on the -9th without incident. Dispositions were as follows: left front, “A” -Company; centre, “D” Company; right front, “B” Company; “C” Company in -support in the Keeps. There was much enemy activity during this tour of -duty in the trenches, especially by his Artillery, and also in the air. -On the 14th May a low flying aeroplane was engaged by our machine guns, -and shortly afterwards the enemy’s artillery, searching from Pont Fixe -to<span class="pagenum" id="Page_120">[120]</span> Windy Corner, succeeded in blowing up an ammunition store at the -latter post.</p> - -<div class="sidenote"><i>May–August, 1918</i></div> - -<p>Such was the general position at this time. Outwardly, the course of -events, for the next three or four months, followed the same routine. -Life alternated between the trenches at Givenchy, and Reserve at -Drouvin Camp. It is earnestly hoped that a cursory glance at the period -under review, will not convey the impression that nothing worthy -of note was happening. Far from it; but a closer analysis would be -a repetition of what has already been presented to the reader. The -Battalion underwent its usual hazardous tour of duty in the trenches, -and close proximity to the enemy could never be uneventful. It will be -recalled that during the strong attack by the Germans on April 9th, we -were compelled to retire slightly from our old front line, and this had -since been occupied by the enemy. This line was accordingly re-occupied -by our troops, and a great quantity of salvage was found and brought -down.</p> - -<p>The spirit which now prevailed amongst our troops was restrained -optimism. This feeling had an intangible quality, gossamer in texture, -more tacit than expressed, but everywhere radiating good cheer, and -hope for the near future. The power of the enemy’s attack appeared to -have been definitely broken, while the time was approaching when our -own irresistible advance was to reach a triumphant conclusion.</p> - -<p>On the 21st August, at Vaudricourt, we listened to a lecture by -Brigadier-General G. I. Stockwell, telling us about, and explaining a -secret attack on the Craters, to be carried out by the 5th Lancashire -Fusiliers and ourselves, and Officers and N.C.O.s studied a model of -the Craters. The following day this lecture was repeated to the men -by Company Commanders. Preparations for the coming attack were made, -and great keenness was shewn. On the 23rd August we moved up the line -to assembly positions, with Headquarters in the Givenchy Tunnel. The -Battalion was very busy making final arrangements.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_121">[121]</span></p> - -<div class="sidenote"><i>August, 1918</i></div> - -<p>At 2.20 a.m. on the morning of the 24th August, all Companies were in -assembly positions. Despite a very slight harassing fire no casualties -were sustained. Wire cutting had previously been carried out by advance -parties. The enemy was very quiet, sent up few lights, and showed no -signs of anticipating an attack. Supporting Companies received hot -breakfasts, and the assembling troops had sandwiches and chocolate. No -noise was made in getting up food. Snipers crept out to position on -spoil heaps, from which they kept down enemy observation prior to the -attack, and kept down enemy fire during the attack, by firing on such -targets as exposed themselves.</p> - -<p>At 6 a.m. visibility became very poor, a slight rain falling. Our own -Stokes Mortars fired intermittently on the crater areas up to the -time when the rockets were fired at zero hour. One of our aeroplanes -flew low over the craters, drawing only a very slight machine gun -fire. On the firing of the rockets at 7.20 a.m., the assaulting troops -immediately advanced under splendid leadership. Two and a half minutes -elapsed before the enemy fired his first rifle shot. There was no -artillery fire at all. The enemy was completely taken by surprise, and -was found mostly in dugouts. Not a single enemy machine gun was in -action on the Battalion front. At 7.24 a.m. an S.O.S. rocket, bursting -into two red lights, was fired from well behind the enemy’s lines. -Meanwhile, mopping up parties had followed closely behind the front -line of sections, but found the enemy to be in small strength. These -were effectively dealt with, some being killed and some being taken -prisoner. A few tried to run away but were heavily fired on.</p> - -<p>At 7.30 a.m. our own protective barrage fell beyond the crater -area, this being answered three minutes later by a poor counter -barrage directed chiefly on Gunner Siding. At 7.35 a.m. Companies -had reached their objectives on the far lip of the craters, and -telephone communication was established between them and Battalion -Headquarters. At 7.43 a.m.<span class="pagenum" id="Page_122">[122]</span> consolidation was immediately proceeded -with. Up to this time casualties were practically nil. Patrols were -sent out to deal with Trench Mortar emplacements, and one was reported -destroyed by mobile charge by the Left Company. Our own barrage, which -was very heavy, seems to have dropped some shells short, inflicting -casualties, two men being killed and 8 wounded in the Left Company, and -approximately the same number in the Right Company.</p> - -<p>Enemy retaliation dwindled down to very slight proportions between -8.30 and 10.30 a.m. He did not appear to know on what points to fire. -At 8.34 a.m. a message was received from the snipers that a party -of nearly forty of the enemy were seen at the far end of Duck Bill -extension. These were fired on and soon disappeared. Shortly afterwards -news was received from the Australian Tunnellers to the effect that -there were no mines in dugouts, and that all shelters were badly -smashed, a pill-box in Red Dragon Crater alone being untouched. Parties -of the enemy in small numbers were seen running to the rear, and were -dealt with by Lewis Gunners and Snipers, those escaping getting right -into our barrage. At 9.20 a.m. consolidation was reported to be making -good progress, while communication trenches were being rapidly dug by -Pioneers, from Wolfe Road to Berkeley Street.</p> - -<p>At 9.40 a.m. an S.O.S. rocket was sent up from the area of the left -Battalion. Enemy Artillery was not firing at all at the time. Five -minutes later the S.O.S. was cancelled.</p> - -<p>Shortly afterwards the enemy fired on the crater area for the first -time, on Warlinghem. Owing to our own Artillery fire some patrols had -difficulty in reaching Trench Mortar emplacements, and these were now -sent out again. The Right Company reported reaching an emplacement, but -found the Mortar gone, though plenty of very heavy ammunition, and a -range finder were lying near. The Left Company reported the destruction -of another emplacement.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_123">[123]</span></p> - -<p>Between 11 and 11.15 a.m. enemy Artillery became much more active, blue -cross shells falling on Givenchy, and the gas drifting over our area. -This had cleared by 11.45 a.m. From this time onwards, much heavier -enemy barrages were put down on the crater area. Tea and sandwiches -were got up to the front line troops about 12.30 p.m., and about an -hour later, a hot meat meal. Considerable difficulty was experienced in -getting rations over the broken ground to the crater area, and the work -done by the Transport and Quarter-Master’s Department was commendable. -Perhaps a smile may be permitted here. This devoted personnel, its duty -well and truly done, assembled for departure from the inhospitable -region of the craters, which the Hun was now freely shelling. One -member of the party was missing, and he the Company Quarter-Master -Sergeant. Impatience grew as the minutes passed, and when well nigh -insupportable, he appeared, to meet the indignant queries of his -comrades, he silenced criticism with the explanation “Well, I couldn’t -find t’ dixie lid”!</p> - -<p>Our casualties during these operations amounted to 30, viz.: 7 killed -and 23 wounded. On the 25th and 26th August the new line was organized. -Difficulty was experienced by our Patrols in getting into touch with -the enemy, and it was not until the second day that his posts were -found. Our Snipers did excellent work, getting three confirmed hits, -and continually harassing the enemy in his broken communication -trenches. On the 27th we were relieved by the 5th King’s Liverpool -Regt. without incident, and went into billets at Drovbin Camp, arriving -shortly after 9 p.m.</p> - -<div class="sidenote"><i>Aug.–Sept., 1918</i></div> - -<p>News of a German retirement on the front of the 15th Division, reached -Battalion Headquarters astride La Bassée Canal, at 10 a.m. on the 2nd -October. In consequence of this information, daylight patrols were sent -out by “A” and “B” Companies, these Companies holding the right half of -the Brigade Outpost Line. The advanced Platoons of “B” Company, under -Lieut. Peers, were, on this morning, occupying<span class="pagenum" id="Page_124">[124]</span> Canteleux Trench, from -its junction with Canteleux Alley S., to Towpath Alley, with forward -posts in shell holes. “A” Company, to the south of the Canal, had taken -over, the previous evening, the dispositions of three Companies of the -4th Loyals, who had captured the Distillery, viz., a line of posts 200 -yards East of the Distillery Line, with supporting and counter-attack -platoons in rear. The two counter-attack platoons were attached from -“D” Company.</p> - -<div class="sidenote"><i>October, 1918</i></div> - -<p>Progress was first made by “B” Company, one of whose patrols had -entered La Bassée Line before mid-day. By 1.30 p.m. the western -outskirts of La Bassée were reached, and at 2 p.m. patrols were pushing -North up the front and support trenches of La Bassée line, to gain -touch with the 5th Lancashire Fusiliers who were advancing towards La -Bassée from the direction of Canteleux and Violaines. Opposite their -front, however, the enemy seemed to hold his line normally, until -mid-day, and even later.</p> - -<p>Shortly after 1 o’clock, Lieut. Rudall (“A” Company) had entered -without opposition, La Bassée line S. of the Canal, and was pushing S. -down the trench to gain touch with patrols which were working their way -along Vert Alley. At 2.30 we were in occupation of La Bassée line, from -the Canal to Vert Alley, and had gained touch with the 16th Division. -Instructions were then received from the Brigadier-General Commanding -164th Infantry Brigade to hold La Bassée Line with two Platoons, and -push into Le Faubourg to Canal Basin and Crassiers. Meantime patrols -of “B” Company had pushed through La Bassée, and reached at 4.30 -p.m., a point 800 yards East of it. Major R. Gardner, M.C., under -whose command this advance guard was operating, then left Battalion -Headquarters at Spoil Bank, and at 5 p.m. established Headquarters of -the Right Advance Guard at the Distillery. He was accompanied by Lieut. -Tucker (Intelligence Officer), and by a few Signallers and Runners. -Communications with Spoil Bank were at first maintained by telephone, -via<span class="pagenum" id="Page_125">[125]</span> one of the other Company Headquarters. On the establishment of -Battalion Headquarters at Canteleux at 7 p.m., communications became -very precarious, as the wire over the Canal became “dissed” by the -blowing up of a barge. A “loop set,” however, was fixed up at the -Distillery, with which efforts were made to get into touch with a -similar instalment in Red Dragon Crater. Telephone communication, -however, with the Company Headquarters already referred to, was -maintained.</p> - -<p>Patrols had by 5 o’clock, reached Crassiers, and located the enemy. -Patrols elsewhere were also pushing on, in touch with the 16th -Division. Two Platoons from “B” Company then crossed the Canal, and -were disposed in La Bassée Line, which was temporarily held as the -main line of resistance. By 8 p.m. outposts were established along -an advanced line, and Vanguard Headquarters were in La Bassée, in a -concrete cellar. From a reconnaissance of the Canal it was observed -that the bridges had been totally destroyed. It was, however, just -possible to scramble over near the remains of the old railway -bridge. There was no sign of any footbridge along the Canal. Road -reconnaissance showed that the main Annequin—La Bassée road was fit -for horse and motor traffic as far as Le Faubourg. Roads towards Canal -Basin from Le Faubourg were also good for horse traffic; that running -south towards Cité de Douvrin was not so good.</p> - -<p>The only opposition to our Patrols came from a machine gun. This, -however, ceased before dusk, and a party of 20 of the enemy were -seen marching thence towards Salomé in full marching order. Before -midnight a post was established in the Old Brewery on the Salomé Road, -and another south of the Canal. Detachments of Machine Gunners (55th -Division Machine Gun Battalion, 4 Guns; 16th Division Machine Gun -Battalion, 2 Guns), Stokes Mortars, Lewis Gunners, and Investigation -Parties had all reported at Advanced Guard Headquarters at the -Distillery by 8 p.m. About midnight two patrols<span class="pagenum" id="Page_126">[126]</span> were sent out to push -forward into Salomé, one along the N. and the other along the S. side -of the Canal, and establish a post in Salomé, in touch with each other. -These posts were established by 2 a.m. on the 3rd October. A patrol -also went down the road to gain touch with the Division on the right.</p> - -<p>Salomé was found deserted—the enemy had completely disappeared—and -touch was gained with a patrol of the 5th Lancashire Fusiliers in -Salomé. At 7 a.m. the line of resistance of the Advance Guard was -moved forward to a general line, with forward posts and two supporting -platoons. A patrol reached the Canal angle, and further patrols were -sent to reconnoitre Berclau. Billy Berclau was found to have been -reached by the 16th Division, and touch was established with their left -post. At 10.55 a.m. Billy Berclau was lightly shelled by the enemy, -and at the same time Machine Gun and Anti-Aircraft Artillery fire was -observed from Berclau. Advance Guard Headquarters was established -near the Canal Basin, whither the “loop set” from the Distillery was -removed. This was picked up by the “loop set” of the forward Brigade, -and communication with our Brigade was thus obtained. In other -directions visual signalling was resorted to.</p> - -<p>Four machine guns were disposed in the main line of resistance, 2 were -maintained in reserve at Headquarters. One Stokes Mortar was also -conveyed by mule to the Vanguard Headquarters. A forward dump of 57 -boxes of small arm ammunition was established in rear of the main line -of resistance. Cooking was done in La Bassée, and the men supplied with -hot food during the day. Cross-country communications from La Bassée to -the outpost line of resistance was easy, the tracks being undamaged. -At 1 p.m. a post was reported established in Berclau, but later an -enemy rearguard was located in another part of the village. Fighting -took place, and our post was compelled to withdraw. The N. and N.E. -outskirts of Berclau were found strongly held by<span class="pagenum" id="Page_127">[127]</span> machine guns and -snipers. We established a Lewis Gun Post which commanded Berclau.</p> - -<p>At 4.45 p.m. orders were received from Brigade to arrange for the 16th -Division to take over the dispositions of the Right Advance Guard, -owing to a change of boundaries. The southern boundary of our Brigade -was fixed on the line of the Canal—Canal Angle—Canal Tee. The Advance -Guard, and all attached troops were to move to assembly positions in -Salomé, N. of the Canal, and await the remainder of the 4th King’s -Own, which was coming up from La Bassée, to relieve the 5th Lancashire -Fusiliers in the Brigade Outpost line, on the night of the 3rd/4th -October, and to continue the advance on the morning of the 4th. At 7.30 -p.m. Advance Guard Headquarters closed and crossed the Canal. Major R. -Gardner, M.C., the Commander, reported at Battalion Headquarters in -Salomé at 9 p.m. The outpost platoons and attached troops crossed the -Canal, and spent the night in billets in Salomé. The whole Battalion, -under the command of Lieut.-Colonel G. B. Balfour, D.S.O., now acted as -Advance Guard to the Brigade.</p> - -<p>On the morning of the 4th October, patrols pushed forward at dawn from -Hantay, and drove the enemy back to the Canal. A good deal of patrol -fighting took place. “D” Company attacked and took Prevore Farm. The -enemy held the western bank of the Canal and bridgeheads with machine -guns. The 18-pr. Battery attached to the Advance Guard, shelled the -bridgeheads and the Laundry. On the 5th October, patrols continued to -drive the enemy back, but could not get across the Haute Deule Canal, -which he was holding strongly. The enemy flooded the area in front -of the Canal, and caused our patrols and posts to withdraw a short -distance. The Battalion was relieved during the night by the 6th King’s -Liverpools and marched back to Divisional Reserve in the vicinity of -Pont Fixe and Givenchy, with Battalion Headquarters at Barge House. -Here we rested, bathed and refitted. The weather was wet, and there -were no working parties. Companies<span class="pagenum" id="Page_128">[128]</span> were not very comfortable in -dugouts, and on the 7th the Battalion moved back to billets in Beuvry. -Here training in Advance Guards was carried out, and kits and stores -were again reduced to the lowest minimum, so as to conform to the -transport available.</p> - -<p>On the 11th October one Officer per Company reconnoitred the left -Brigade front (166th Brigade), with a view to taking over the following -day. A demonstration in rapid pontoon bridging was given in the -afternoon. This followed a lecture in the morning by the Divisional -Educational Officer on the scheme for education <i>on the cessation of -hostilities</i>. This encouraged impressions not to be ignored, and -if the general spirit of the troops was exuberant, it was based on -solid foundation and not mere flimsy excuse. Much remained to be done, -however, and on the 12th October the Battalion left Beuvry in trains at -8.30 a.m. to relieve the 10th Liverpool Scottish in the forward area. -There were two collisions on the way but no one was hurt. We detrained -at Cambrin, and marched to the neighbourhood of Marquillies, where -Battalion Headquarters were established. “A” Company in Marquillies; -“B” Company in Sainghin; “C” Company in Le Willy, and “D” Company in -the Sugar Factory. Relief was completed at 5 p.m. without any special -incident.</p> - -<p>On the following day posts were dug and wired all round. There was a -good deal of shelling but no casualties were sustained. On the 14th, -Battalion Headquarters moved to a house near the Sugar Factory. Two -Companies were in the main line of resistance, and two in support. We -supplied one working party, and Officers reconnoitred the forward area.</p> - -<p>On the 17th the Battalion left Sainghin, moving off at 9 a.m., and -marched by Companies through Wavrin to Lattre. There was some delay in -crossing the Canal at Seclin, owing to the bridges being blown up. We -then moved on to Ancoisne, where a mid-day meal was served. Here we -met the first released civilians, and our reception was most cordial. -About<span class="pagenum" id="Page_129">[129]</span> 2 p.m. the Battalion moved on to Houplines, and were still under -orders to advance. At 6.30 p.m. we arrived at Templemars, remaining -there for the night. Our reception here was even more cordial than -before. Battalion Headquarters were established at the Mayor’s house. -At 6 a.m. on the 18th, the Battalion moved off to pass through the -5th Lancashire Fusiliers. “C” and “D” were Outpost Companies, with -“A” and “B” Companies in support. The patrols pushed on and entered -Peronne. The enemy were holding the bank of the river La Marque in -considerable strength, and there was a good deal of shelling, the fort -at Sainghin, and Peronne, being the chief targets. Bas Sainghin caused -“D” Company a good deal of trouble, and it was not until the afternoon -that it was cleared. A heavy mist hung over the area of operations, -and greatly assisted us in moving forward. The night was very light, -with a brilliant moon. By means of a ladder, “D” Company patrol was -able to cross La Marque, and enter Bouvines. At 10.30 p.m. we put down -a machine gun barrage, also our 18-pr. Batteries fired on woods where -the enemy were located. This seems to have forced the enemy to retire -before he intended, and he finally left the village at 11.15 p.m. Our -reception by the villagers was most cordial.</p> - -<p>On the 19th October, the whole Outpost Line pushed out, and by the -early morning our line was established on the railway line east of -Bouvines, and patrols had entered Cysoing. The 4th Loyals now passed -through us, and our Battalion concentrated in Bouvines for a rest. -During the early morning “B” Company had captured 23 prisoners and -3 machine guns. Headquarters were established in a Château, and -everyone was very comfortable. The villagers were overjoyed at their -deliverance, and did all they could to make the troops comfortable. The -bridge across the river had been blown up, and the villagers helped the -Royal Engineers to build a new one, which was completed by 11.30 a.m.</p> - -<p>The Battalion left Bouvines at 8.30 a.m. on the 20th to take over -the role of “B” Battalion. We<span class="pagenum" id="Page_130">[130]</span> passed through Cysoing at 10 a.m. -and marched to Creplain, where we halted. The Battalion then moved -on again to the area around the Ferme du Baron, north of Froidmont, -where we again halted and awaited orders. The next move was to a field -about 800 yards north of Esplechin, where we formed up into Artillery -formation. “D” Company was sent to support the left flank of the 5th -Lancashire Fusiliers, and one Platoon to obtain touch with the 74th -Division on our left. At 6 p.m. Battalion Headquarters moved to a farm -in Esplechin, and “A” and “B” Companies moved to support the right -flank of the 5th Lancashire Fusiliers. The remaining three Platoons of -“C” Company moved to the left, and joined “D” Company, thus the whole -Battalion was now in the Support Line. Battalion Headquarters moved -to the Asylum in Froidmont, and were cordially greeted by the jovial -Brothers of Charity.</p> - -<p>On the 21st October, the Battalion passed through the 5th Lancashire -Fusiliers, but found progress well contested by the enemy. Severe -patrol fighting took place. The high ground on the road from Froidmont -to Tournai was captured by “B” Company at 3.15 p.m., but was re-taken -by the enemy at 10 p.m. On the right, considerable opposition was met -with in Ere, and a machine gun was located, firing from the Church. The -Church itself was mined. The enemy were finally pushed beyond Ere, and -we took up a line about 500 yards beyond the village. Ere was heavily -shelled during the day and night. At 7 p.m. Headquarters moved to the -Château near Ere, and an advanced Headquarters was established in -Ere. The enemy appeared to be making a stand on the north side of the -river Scheldt. The shelling was severe, and all the sunken roads were -marked down for harassing fire. During the morning of the 22nd, the 5th -Loyals took over our line, and the Battalion took over a battle line in -support. “D” Company had some casualties when coming out of the Outpost -Line. The Battalion rested during the day. “A” Company were gassed -rather heavily at 6 p.m., but suffered no casualties.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_131">[131]</span></p> - -<p>On the 23rd October the Battalion was holding the Battle Line, the men -being as far as possible in farm houses, within easy reach of posts -to be manned in case of S.O.S. At 4.45 p.m., in conjunction with the -14th Black Watch (late Fife and Forfar Yeomanry), one platoon of “D” -Company attacked a sunken road, but without success. Enemy machine gun -fire was very intense, and the men could only advance to within 100 -yards of the trench, when the Officer and 5 men were wounded. The men -were collected together by the Platoon Sergeant, and formed posts on -the eastern edge of a wood, about 150 yards from the objective. The -remainder of the Battalion were making posts. On the 24th Companies -were engaged in digging V-shaped trenches, about 40 yards long, and -these were inspected by the Commanding Officer during the morning. This -work was carried out until 2 a.m. on the 25th, when 15 such trenches -had been completed. Battalion Headquarters were moved to the farm house -Du Baron during the afternoon, and Companies were billeted in farms in -the vicinity.</p> - -<p>During the morning of the 25th October, “D” Company (Reserve Company) -carried on with the construction of the trenches. The Battalion was -relieved in the main line of resistance about 5 p.m. by the 4th Loyals, -and, on relief, moved forward and relieved the 5th Lancashire Fusiliers -in the Outpost Line. Battalion Headquarters were established in the -Tannery. “B” and “C” Companies held the front line, with “A” and “D” -Companies in support. Second-Lieut. A. Rigg was here wounded in the -leg by a machine gun bullet. The Battalion and the 4th Loyals now -became attached to the 165th Infantry Brigade. On the 26th October -the Battalion had the misfortune to lose the further services of the -Commanding Officer, Lieut.-Colonel G. B. Balfour, D.S.O., who, along -with Lieut. H. Tucker, went to hospital, sick. Colonel Balfour had the -distinguished honour of serving with the Battalion throughout the War, -from the time when he mobilised as a Lieutenant in August, 1914. The -Command of the Battalion<span class="pagenum" id="Page_132">[132]</span> devolved upon Major R. Gardner, M.C., who was -promoted Acting Lieut.-Colonel, and who himself had proceeded to France -with the Battalion and had rendered most valuable service.</p> - -<p>Ere Church and vicinity were continually harassed during the day with -gas shells and whizbangs. An aeroplane, belonging to “C” Flight, was -shot down, but was salvaged intact from No Man’s Land by “A” Company. -During the morning another of our aeroplanes was forced to land, with a -bullet through the tank, near Pic-au-Vent, the pilot and observer being -uninjured. On the whole, the Battalion had a quiet day.</p> - -<p>At 5.30 a.m. on the 27th the Royal Air Force took away in a lorry the -first aeroplane we salvaged the previous day. During the morning there -was a slight gas shelling of Pic-au-Vent, Croix-de-Pierre, and Ere -Church, but the Battalion had a quiet day in the Line. On the 29th an -enemy aeroplane was brought down on the right of the Battalion front. -The observer was seen to descend by means of a parachute, and was taken -prisoner by the 10th Liverpool Scottish on the right. The Battalion -had a quiet day in the Line, and was relieved at 7.30 p.m. by the 6th -King’s Liverpool Regt. On relief, the Battalion proceeded to billets in -Bourchelles. Here the opportunity was taken of cleaning up, paying the -men, and bathing at Cysoing. Succeeding days were devoted to training -in open warfare, and Colonel Gardner addressed the Battalion on the -parade ground. Capt. A. E. Morton, M.C., Lieuts. H. Lauder and Steeple, -and Second-Lieut. I. G. Anderson rejoined the Battalion here, whilst -by way of recreation, a dance was given in the village school, with -the Battalion Band in attendance, and which proved very popular. There -were also some fine Cinema shows given in the same building from time -to time. The weather was not too kind at this time, rain being rather -persistent.</p> - -<div class="sidenote"><i>November, 1918</i></div> - -<p>On the 8th November, the Battalion received orders to be prepared -to move at short notice, and everything was prepared in readiness -for this, the remainder of<span class="pagenum" id="Page_133">[133]</span> the day being devoted to training in -billets, the day being very wet. At 1 a.m. on the 9th we received -orders to move to Esplechin, and at 9.50 a.m. the Battalion proceeded -to that village by march route, arriving at 11.30 a.m., and now -came under the orders of the 166th Infantry Brigade. On the 10th -November, at 5.30 a.m., we received orders to move forward towards -Leuze, and proceeded by march route at 6.45 a.m. The route taken was -via Froidmont—Ere—Pontrieu—Vaulx—Les Tournai, along the main -Tournai—Ath Road to Leuze, where the Battalion arrived at 7 p.m. -Progress on the march was considerably delayed, owing to the main road -being blown up by mines in many places. We found good billets in Leuze, -and were very comfortable for the night, the inhabitants giving the -Battalion a most cordial reception. We received orders from the 166th -Infantry Brigade to move forward next morning at 11 a.m.</p> - -<p>At 10.45 a.m. on the 11th November, the Battalion formed up in mass -on the Square at Leuze, preparatory to moving forward. A few minutes -before 11 o’clock the Commanding Officer, Lieut.-Colonel R. Gardner, -M.C., read out on parade, a telegram, received from the 166th Infantry -Brigade, stating that an Armistice had been signed by Germany, and -that hostilities would cease at 11 a.m. A Squadron of the 1st Royal -Dragoons, being then in Leuze, on their way forward, also formed up in -the Square, and at 11 o’clock sounded the Cavalry “Cease Fire.” The -Battalion then gave a Royal Salute, and the Band played the National -Anthems of England, Belgium, and France. We then moved forward, amid -great cheering from the civilian population, and proceeded along the -main road to Ligne, where a halt was made, and the Battalion had lunch. -Orders were received here from the 164th Infantry Brigade to proceed to -Villers St. Amand, where we duly arrived about 2.45 p.m. Billets were -obtained, and the Battalion rested here for the night, coming again -under the orders of the 164th Infantry Brigade.</p> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_134">[134]</span></p> - -<h3>CHAPTER IX.<br /> -<span class="subhed">Conclusion.</span></h3></div> - -<div class="sidenote"><i>Nov.–Dec., 1918</i></div> - -<p class="drop-cap p-left">Little remains to be told. The great conflict was over, with -overwhelming victory on our side. What followed might have been of -importance and interest in the ordinary peace time experience of the -Battalion but, after its searching test of the past four years, current -events assumed the complexion of the commonplace and even dull. What -will always remain of imperishable importance and interest, is that the -Battalion emerged from its trials with jealously guarded reputation -untarnished, and fit to hand on to successors, as an incentive to -maintain the high standard of the 4th King’s Own Royal Regt.</p> - -<p>On Sunday, 17th November, 8 Officers attended a solemn Te Deum in -Ath, and the Battalion took part in a combined Church of England -and Nonconformist Thanksgiving Service. On the 18th we moved to -Chappelle-a-Wattines, and became attached to the 271st Company R.E., -for work on stripping railways. This was varied by football and -organized games, concerts, and liberal leave to visit Ath. On the -7th December a Guard of Honour was furnished to mark the passing of -His Majesty the King, to whom the Brigadier-General Commanding was -presented. On the 15th December the Battalion left Leuze, and by a -series of marches via Ath—Enghein—Buysinghem, reached Uccle, near -Brussels, where we arrived on the 18th, after a few days’ march. -Christmas Day in Uccle was seasonably marked by attending Church Parade -in the morning. This was followed by the men’s dinner at 1 o’clock, -and the Sergeants’ dinner at 6 o’clock. In the afternoon the Battalion -Football Team played the champion Belgian Team, on the latter’s ground, -the game ending in a draw of 2 goals each. The men enjoyed themselves, -and everybody spent a very happy Christmas Day.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_135">[135]</span></p> - -<div class="sidenote"><i>Jan.–March, 1919</i></div> - -<p>On the 3rd January, 1919, the Division was inspected by the General -Officer Commanding, on the third anniversary of its formation. The -Division was drawn up on the road running through Bois-de-Cambre. The -G.O.C. and Staff rode down the line, and afterwards the Earl of Derby, -K.G., motored slowly over the same course. The Division, led by the -4th King’s Own Regt., as the senior Regiment of the Division, marched -past in fours, the salute being taken by H.M. The King of the Belgians. -The Belgians attending the ceremony were very enthusiastic, especially -when the Colours passed the saluting base. The Colours were carried on -this occasion by Lieut. Tucker and Second-Lieut. Dane, M.C. On the 26th -January, H.M. The King of the Belgians reviewed the III Corps Troops, -to which we belonged. The march through Brussels commenced at the -Avenue Louise, and proceeded to the Place des Palais, where the salute -was taken by King Albert. Their Royal Highnesses The Prince of Wales -and Prince Albert were both present at the ceremony.</p> - -<p>Life in and around Brussels at this period was very agreeable. Many -Concerts and Dances were given, and proved most popular. Meanwhile -heavy drafts were being prepared, and despatched to the Army of -Occupation at Bonn, and to England on demobilization. This so reduced -the strength that no training was possible, all the men being employed -in special capacities, and on guard duties. On the 24th February the -Battalion was reorganised as two Companies—the Cadre Company and -the Rhine Draft Company—the total strength being now under 200. The -Regimental Colours were removed from the Officers’ Mess, and handed -over to the Quarter-Master for safe custody. On the 12th March, -Brigadier-General G. I. Stockwell, C.B., C.M.G., D.S.O., relinquished -the Command of the 164th Infantry Brigade, on being appointed -Commandant of the Staff College, Camberley. On the 14th all Officers -attended at Divisional Headquarters to say good-bye to Major-General -Sir Hugh Jeudwine, K.C.B., the Divisional Commander, on his<span class="pagenum" id="Page_136">[136]</span> departure -to command the Lancashire Division of the Army of Occupation on the -Rhine. Sir Hugh also made a tour of the Division and said good-bye to -as many as possible of the rank and file.</p> - -<div class="sidenote"><i>June, 1919</i></div> - -<p>Finally, the Cadre Party of the Battalion, composed of Lieut.-Colonel -R. Gardner, M.C., Lieut. T. H. Pritchard, M.C., Lieut. R. W. Higginson, -M.C., and Captain P. W. Powell, M.C., the Quarter-Master, and 24 Other -Ranks, left Brussels early on Saturday morning, June 7th, for England. -They arrived at Ulverston on Wednesday, June 11th, and were met at -the station by the Battalion Band, under Bandmaster F. W. Garnett, -and an enthusiastic concourse of the population. On the following day -there was a Civic ceremony of welcome to the returning troops. This -was attended by Lieut.-Colonel W. F. A. Wadham, V.D., Colonel G. H. -Huthwaite, V.D., Major N. E. Barnes, T.D., Captain R. H. Horne, and -Captain J. Rawlinson, of the late Volunteers. Speeches of welcome -were made by Councillor C. J. Chapman of the Ulverston Urban District -Council, and Alderman Mawson and Alderman Bradshaw, of the Barrow -Municipal Council. A procession was then formed to the Ulverston Parish -Church, and the Colours, carried by Lieuts. Pritchard and Higginson, -were deposited for safe custody in the hands of the Rector, the Rev. J. -Stuart Rimmer, M.A. The Cadre Party then re-formed, and marched back -to the Drill Hall, where some of them had mobilized nearly five years -previously—an event which seemed to belong to a period incredibly -remote.</p> - - -<p class="r4 p2">J. CROSSLEY, <i>Captain</i>,</p> - -<p class="right narrow"><i>Late 1/4 King’s Own Royal Regiment</i>.</p> - -<p class="smcap p-left narrow">Ulverston,</p> - -<p class="left2 narrow"><i>July, 1935</i>.</p> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_i">[i]</span></p> - -<h3>APPENDIX “A.”</h3> -</div> - - -<h4>4th Battalion<br /> - -The King’s Own (Royal Lancaster Regiment).</h4> - -<hr class="r5" /> - -<p class="center p-left">Nominal Roll of Officers Mobilized with the Battalion,<br /> -4th August, 1914.</p> - -<hr class="r5" /> - -<table summary="officers" class="smaller"> - <tr> - <td class="tdla">Lieut. Colonel</td> - <td class="tdla"><span class="smcap">W. F. A. Wadham</span>, V.D., Commanding.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdlb">Majors</td> - <td class="tdlb smcap">E. B. Pooley.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdla"></td> - <td class="tdla smcap">R. Thompson.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdlb">Captains</td> - <td class="tdlb smcap">N. E. Barnes.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdla"></td> - <td class="tdla smcap">G. D. Wadham.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdla"></td> - <td class="tdla smcap">R. P. Little.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdla"></td> - <td class="tdla smcap">J. Caddy.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdla"></td> - <td class="tdla smcap">W. D. Barratt.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdla"></td> - <td class="tdla smcap">W. G. Pearson.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdla"></td> - <td class="tdla smcap">J. V. Barrow.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdlb">Lieutenants</td> - <td class="tdlb smcap">D. L. McNaughtan.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdla"></td> - <td class="tdla smcap">G. B. Balfour.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdla"></td> - <td class="tdla smcap">J. S. Fothergill.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdla"></td> - <td class="tdla smcap">R. D. Morrell.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdla"></td> - <td class="tdla smcap">J. M. Mawson.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdla"></td> - <td class="tdla smcap">W. H. B. R. Kennedy.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdlb">2nd Lieutenants</td> - <td class="tdlb smcap">H. Y. Huthwaite.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdla"></td> - <td class="tdla smcap">A. Beardsley.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdla"></td> - <td class="tdla smcap">John Fisher.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdla"></td> - <td class="tdla smcap">G. H. Walker.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdlb">Adjutant</td> - <td class="tdlb"><span class="smcap">V. A. Jackson</span>, Captain (York and Lancaster Regt.).</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdlb">Medical Officer</td> - <td class="tdlb"><span class="smcap">A. F. Rutherford</span>, Major, R.A.M.C. (T.F.).</td> - </tr> - -</table> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_ii">[ii]</span></p> - -<h3>APPENDIX “B.”</h3> -</div> - -<h4>4th Battalion<br /> -The King’s Own (Royal Lancaster Regiment).</h4> - -<hr class="r5" /> - -<p class="center p-left">Nominal Roll of Officers who Proceeded Overseas,<br /> -3rd May, 1915.</p> - -<hr class="r5" /> - -<table summary="officers" class="smaller"> - <tr> - <td class="tdla">Lieut. Colonel</td> - <td class="tdla"><span class="smcap">W. F. A. Wadham</span>, V.D., Commanding.</td> - </tr> - - - <tr> - <td class="tdlb">Majors</td> - <td class="tdlb smcap">R. Thompson.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdla"></td> - <td class="tdla smcap">N. E. Barnes.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdlb">Captains</td> - <td class="tdlb smcap">R. P. Little.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdla"></td> - <td class="tdla smcap">J. Caddy.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdla"></td> - <td class="tdla smcap">W. D. Barratt.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdla"></td> - <td class="tdla smcap">W. G. Pearson.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdla"></td> - <td class="tdla smcap">J. V. Barrow.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdla"></td> - <td class="tdla smcap">G. B. Balfour.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdla"></td> - <td class="tdla"><span class="smcap">R. D. Morrell</span> (killed in action).</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdla"></td> - <td class="tdla smcap">J. M. Mawson.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdlb">Lieutenants</td> - <td class="tdlb"><span class="smcap">G. H. Walker</span> (killed in action).</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdla"></td> - <td class="tdla smcap">H. Y. Huthwaite.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdla"></td> - <td class="tdla smcap">A. Beardsley.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdla"></td> - <td class="tdla smcap">John Fisher.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdla"></td> - <td class="tdla"><span class="smcap">E. H. Hewitt</span> (killed in action).</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdla"></td> - <td class="tdla smcap">R. Gardner.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdla"></td> - <td class="tdla smcap">G. F. Taylor.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdla"></td> - <td class="tdla"><span class="smcap">A. A. Wright</span> (killed in action).</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdlb">2nd Lieutenants</td> - <td class="tdlb smcap">E. Tillyard.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdla"></td> - <td class="tdla smcap">W. C. Neill.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdla"></td> - <td class="tdla"><span class="smcap">E. Spearing</span> (killed in action).</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdla"></td> - <td class="tdla"><span class="smcap">G. B. Bigland</span> (killed in action).</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdla"></td> - <td class="tdla smcap">H. A. Brocklebank.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdla"></td> - <td class="tdla smcap">H. R. Sykes.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdla"></td> - <td class="tdla smcap">T. W. Dugdale.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdla"></td> - <td class="tdla smcap">James Fisher.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdlb">Adjutant</td> - <td class="tdlb"><span class="smcap">V. A. Jackson</span>, Captain (York and Lancaster Regt.).</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdlb">Quartermaster</td> - <td class="tdlb"><span class="smcap">J. Crossley</span>, Lieutenant.</td> - </tr> - - <tr> - <td class="tdlb">Medical Officer</td> - <td class="tdlb"><span class="smcap">A. F. Rutherford</span>, Major, R.A.M.C. (T.F.).</td> - </tr> -</table> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h3>APPENDIX “C.”</h3> -</div> - - -<p>Additional Nominal Roll of Officers who served with the 1/4th Battalion -The King’s Own Royal Regt. (in order of joining):—</p> - -<div class="parent p1"> -<ul class="left"> - <li>Lieut. B. A. Leslie</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. H. H. Hodgkinson</li> - <li>  „  C. G. Chapman</li> - <li>  „  G. J. Purnell</li> - <li>  „  E. D. M. Meyler</li> - <li>  „  H. Peak</li> - <li>  „  J. Finlay</li> - <li>  „  F. W. E. Keller</li> - <li>  „  J. Ward</li> - <li>Lt. Col. F. M. Carleton, D.S.O.</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. R. L. Purnell</li> - <li>Lieut. J. A. T. Clarke</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. L. Bowman</li> - <li>  „  P. J. Blundell</li> - <li>  „  D. Dugdale</li> - <li>  „  J. S. Corless</li> - <li>  „  E. Myatt</li> - <li>  „  J. Welch</li> - <li>  „  W. B. McCall</li> - <li>Lieut. T. W. Dugdale</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. C. Thorpe</li> - <li>  „  Jas. Fisher</li> - <li>  „  G. H. Ferns</li> - <li>  „  C. E. Withey</li> - <li>  „  J. D. Johnstone</li> - <li>  „  E. E. McClinton</li> - <li>  „  S. Steeples</li> - <li>  „  O. R. Lees</li> - <li>  „  G. R. Glenie</li> - <li>  „  A. M. Clarke</li> - <li>  „  G. Hilton</li> - <li>  „  S. G. Voyle</li> - <li>  „  S. F. Walker</li> - <li>  „  J. Jackson</li> - <li>  „  R. G. Metcalf</li> - <li>  „  A. J. Brockman</li> - <li>  „  J. M. Wilcock</li> - <li>  „  L. Metcalfe</li> - <li>  „  J. R. Lawson</li> - <li>Lt. Col. J. L. Swainson D.S.O.</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. H. H. Counsell</li> - <li>  „  J. J. Rudduck</li> - <li>  „  C. E. Lincey</li> - <li>  „  R. W. Higginson</li> - <li>  „  R. Bradley</li> - <li>  „  S. Bolton</li> - <li>  „  J. S. Ridsdale</li> - <li>  „  H. V. Johnstone</li> - <li>  „  E. D. Howard</li> - <li>  „  C. G. Lingford</li> - <li>  „  R. Rule</li> - <li>  „  H. V. R. T. Lauder</li> - <li>  „  C. F. R. Crawshaw</li> - <li>  „  J. D. Johnson</li> - <li>  „  R. C. Hallam</li> - <li>  „  T. F. Beasley</li> - <li>  „  A. B. Park</li> - <li>  „  A. P. Procter</li> - <li>  „  F. J. Smith</li> - <li>  „  A. Ellwood</li> - <li>  „  B. J. H. Garnett</li> - <li>  „  P. C. Taylor</li> - <li>  „  H. O. Coleman</li> - <li>Capt. F. Williamson</li> - <li>  „  F. C. Slater</li> - <li>Lieut. W. R. Pattinson</li> - <li>  „  G. Topham</li> - <li>  „  J. H. Simpson</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. R. A. Mudie</li> - <li>  „  A. T. Sheahan</li> - <li>  „  R. Willett</li> - <li>  „  J. Pearson</li> - <li>  „  C. J. Alexander</li> - <li>  „  J. S. Paterson</li> - <li>  „  C. W. Ford</li> - <li>  „  R. Holdsworth</li> - <li>  „  H. A. Kershaw</li> - <li>  „  R. G. Hatcher</li> - <li>  „  J. H. Evans</li> - <li>  „  J. A. McGill</li> - <li>  „  A. E. Morton</li> - <li>  „  C. H. Newbold</li> - <li>  „  R. J. Warbrick</li> - <li>Major P. E. Robathan</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. J. Thompson</li> - <li>  „  R. M. Senton</li> - <li>  „  H. G. R. Scaife</li> - <li>  „  C. W. Gribble</li> - <li>  „  D. G. Pearson</li> - <li>  „  G. A. Taylor</li> - <li>  „  A. S. Latham</li> - <li>  „  W. Ratock</li> - <li>  „  H. R. Hart</li> - <li>  „  J. R. Gaulter</li> - <li>Lt. & Q.M. P. W. Powell</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. F. C. Gilling</li> - <li>  „  W. E. Jones</li> - <li>  „  J. Way</li> - <li>  „  T. H. Middleton</li> - <li>  „  E. T. White</li> - <li>  „  E. S. Veevers</li> - <li>  „  E. Haslam</li> - <li>  „  N. Whittaker</li> - <li>  „  T. H. C. Pritchard</li> - <li>Capt. T. N. Blain</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. A. Binnie</li> - <li>  „  F. J. Shuker</li> - <li>  „  B. Gough</li> - <li>  „  L. R. Keighley</li> - <li>  „  N. Walkden</li> - <li>  „  J. R. Rundle</li> - <li>  „  A. J. Thorpe</li> - <li>  „  W. McAndrew</li> - <li>  „  J. McKay</li> - <li>  „  B. H. Pemberton</li> - <li>  „  N. F. Paterson</li> - <li>  „  G. N. Russell</li> - <li>  „  G. F. Raeside</li> - <li>  „  H. G. Rowe</li> - <li>  „  J. H. Sykes</li> - <li>  „  R. Smith</li> - <li>  „  W. Stewart</li> - <li>  „  A. J. Dartnall</li> - <li>  „  R. S. Dane</li> - <li>  „  G. Field</li> - <li>  „  R. W. Higginson</li> - <li>  „  G. W. Ferguson</li> - <li>  „  C. J. Holland</li> - <li>  „  M. Smith</li> - <li>  „  J. H. Collin</li> - <li>  „  A. Thomson</li> - <li>  „  L. F. Fouraker</li> - <li>  „  H. Hunter</li> - <li>  „  S. Bolton</li> - <li>  „  J. H. Hamer</li> - <li>  „  J. G. Anderson</li> - <li>  „  R. A. Taylor</li> - <li>  „  A. Fyfe</li> - <li>  „  T. S. Paterson</li> - <li>Capt. E. A. Kendall</li> - <li>  „  C. L. Overton, M.C.</li> - <li>  „  J. I. Simpson, M.C.</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. W. J. Holmes, M.C.</li> - <li>  „  A. W. Wyncoll</li> - <li>  „  H. J. Lyon</li> - <li>  „  E. Willis</li> - <li>  „  T. C. Threadgold</li> - <li>  „  H.W.T. Chalcraft</li> - <li>  „  R. Court</li> - <li>  „  G. A. K. Islip</li> - <li>  „  L. R. Andrews</li> - <li>  „  I. B. Rouse</li> - <li>  „  G. M. Gray</li> - <li>  „  H. Barrow</li> - <li>  „  D. B. Shutt</li> - <li>Lieut. H. S. Brown</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. G. Ribchester</li> - <li>  „  E. D. Osgood</li> - <li>  „  D. O. Maclean M.C.</li> - <li>  „  A. Whitmore</li> - <li>Capt. W. K. Batchelor</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. C. A. Russell</li> - <li>Capt. B. Peers</li> - <li>Lieut. R. L. Ashcroft</li> - <li>  „  E. H. T. Tucker</li> - <li>  „  A. H. Tollemache</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. A. C. Notley</li> - <li>  „  G. H. Lowery</li> - <li>  „  H. E. Godfrey</li> - <li>  „  J. A. Vincent</li> - <li>Lieut. W. L. Rudall</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. N. R. Hutley</li> - <li>  „  L. E. Wharton</li> - <li>  „  T. D. R. Crilly</li> - <li>  „  F. C. Place, M.M.</li> - <li>  „  F. C. Waywell</li> - <li>  „  H. Richardson, D.C.M.</li> - <li>  „  R. H. Robinson</li> - <li>  „  G. W. E. Sanderson</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. W. Shaw</li> - <li>  „  J. A. Thomas</li> - <li>  „  E. Williams</li> - <li>  „  J. Grindal</li> - <li>  „  W. Y. Gleave</li> - <li>  „  J. J. R. Larkin</li> - <li>  „  J. G. Anderson</li> - <li>  „  E. Lockey</li> - <li>  „  A. W. Rigg</li> - <li>  „  D. Burr</li> - <li>  „  H. S. Scott</li> - <li>  „  J. W. Lugard</li> - <li>  „  S. Smith</li> - <li>Lieut. A. Fraser</li> - <li>Capt. R. T. Bethune</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. J. B. Lindsay</li> - <li>  „  C. Elliott</li> -</ul> -</div> - - -<h5 class="smcap">Departmental Officers Attached.</h5> - -<div class="parent"> -<ul class="left"> - <li>Capt. J. S. Titmas, R.A.M.C.</li> - <li>Lieut. J. H. C. Gatchell, R.A.M.C.</li> - <li>Capt. J. S. G. Wilson, R.A.M.C.</li> - <li>Rev. R. H. Hingley, C.F.</li> - <li>Rev. R. Gillenders, C.F.</li> - <li>Rev. T. L. B. Westerdale, C.F.</li> -</ul> -</div> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h3>APPENDIX “D.”</h3> -</div> - -<h4>OFFICERS’ CASUALTIES.</h4> - - -<h5 class="smcap">Killed in Action.</h5> - -<div class="parent"> -<ul class="left"> - <li>2nd-Lt. G. B. Bigland</li> - <li>Lieut. S. Bolton</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. L. Bowman, R.A.F.</li> - <li>  „  R. Bradley</li> - <li>  „  A. J. Brockman</li> - <li>Lieut. A. M. Clark</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. J. H. Collin</li> - <li>  „  R. Court</li> - <li>  „  A. J. Dartnall</li> - <li>  „  T. W. Dugdale</li> - <li>Capt. A. Ellwood</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. C. W. Ford</li> - <li>  „  G. R. Glenie</li> - <li>  „  B. H. Gough</li> - <li>Lieut. E. H. Hewitt</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. G. Hilton</li> - <li>  „  H.H. Hodgkinson</li> - <li>  „  C. J. Holland</li> - <li>  „  E. D. Howard</li> - <li>  „  H. Hunter</li> - <li>  „  J. D. Johnstone</li> - <li>  „  P. Jolly</li> - <li>  „  J. P. Lawson</li> - <li>  „  W. R. Leah</li> - <li>  „  C. E. Lincey</li> - <li>  „  L. Metcalf</li> - <li>Capt. R. D. A. Morrell</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. A. C. Notley</li> - <li>  „  F. C. Place</li> - <li>  „  G. F. Raeside</li> - <li>  „  B. H. Robinson</li> - <li>  „  J. R. Rundle</li> - <li>Lieut. E. Scott-Miller</li> - <li>  „  E. Spearing</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. A. Thomson</li> - <li>  „  E. S. Veevers</li> - <li>Lieut. G. H. Walker</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. E. T. White</li> - <li>Capt. C. E. Withey</li> - <li>  „  A. A. Wright</li> -</ul> -</div> - - -<h5 class="smcap">Died of Wounds.</h5> - -<div class="parent"> -<ul class="left"> - <li>2nd-Lt. R. G. Hatcher</li> - <li>  „  L. R. Keighley</li> - <li>Lieut. J. J. Rudduck</li> - <li>Lt. Col. J. L. Swainson, D.S.O.</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. A. Wheatley</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. J. Ward (accidentally)</li> -</ul> -</div> - - -<h5 class="smcap">Wounded in Action.</h5> - -<div class="parent"> -<ul class="left"> - <li>2nd-Lt. J. C. Alexander</li> - <li>  „  J. G. Anderson</li> - <li>  „  J. W. H. Axtell</li> - <li>  „  F. F. Beazley</li> - <li>Capt. T. R. Blain</li> - <li>  „  H. A. Brocklebank</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. L. Bowman</li> - <li>  „  A. M. Clarke</li> - <li>Capt. J. A. T. Clarke</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. H. H. Counsell</li> - <li>  „  G. F. H. Crawshaw</li> - <li>  „  W. Eatock</li> - <li>  „  G. W. Ferguson</li> - <li>  „  G. H. Ferns</li> - <li>  „  G. Field</li> - <li>Lieut. R. Gardner (accidentally)</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. J. R. Gaulter</li> - <li>  „  F. C. Gilling</li> - <li>  „  J. Grindal</li> - <li>  „  R. C. Hallam</li> - <li>  „  H. R. Hart</li> - <li>  „  E. Haslam</li> - <li>  „  J. D. Johnstone</li> - <li>Capt. F. Jones</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. W. E. Jones</li> - <li>  „  L. R. Keighley</li> - <li>  „  J. J. R. Larkin</li> - <li>  „  C. G. Lingford</li> - <li>  „  J. Mackay</li> - <li>  „  J. A. McGill</li> - <li>  „  R. G. Metcalfe</li> - <li>  „  T. H. Middleton</li> - <li>Capt. W. C. Neill</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. C. H. Newbold</li> - <li>Capt. W. R. Pattinson</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. B. H. Pemberton</li> - <li>  „  R. L. Purnell</li> - <li>  „  A. W. Rigg</li> - <li>  „  I. B. Rouse</li> - <li>  „  J. J. Rudduck</li> - <li>  „  G. W. E. Sanderson</li> - <li>  „  H. G. Scaife</li> - <li>  „  R. M. Senton</li> - <li>  „  W. Shaw</li> - <li>  „  F. J. Smith</li> - <li>  „  N. Smith</li> - <li>  „  R. Smith</li> - <li>Lieut. E. Spearing</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. S. Steeple</li> - <li>  „  W. McK. Stewart</li> - <li>  „  H. R. Sykes</li> - <li>  „  J. H. Sykes</li> - <li>  „  G. A. Taylor</li> - <li>  „  P. C. Taylor</li> - <li>  „  J. Thompson</li> - <li>Lt. Col. R. Thompson</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. A. J. Thorpe</li> - <li>  „  A. Turner</li> - <li>  „  S. G. Voyle (accidentally)</li> - <li>  „  N. Walkden</li> - <li>  „  S. F. Walker</li> - <li>  „  H. J. Warbrick</li> - <li>  „  F. C. Waywell</li> - <li>  „  H. Welsh</li> - <li>  „  L. E. Wharton</li> - <li>  „  A. Whitmore</li> - <li>  „  N. Whittaker</li> - <li>  „  J. M. Wilcock</li> - <li>Capt. F. H. Williamson</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. C. E. Withey</li> -</ul> -</div> - - -<h5 class="smcap">Missing.</h5> - -<div class="parent"> -<ul class="left"> - <li>2nd-Lt. W. Holmes (and wounded)</li> - <li>Lieut. A. S. Latham</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. W. McAndrews</li> - <li>  „  E. D. Osgood</li> - <li>  „  R. Smith</li> - <li>  „  R. A. Taylor</li> - <li>  „  T. C. Threadgold</li> -</ul> -</div> - - -<h4 class="smcap">Prisoners of War.</h4> - -<div class="parent"> -<ul class="left"> - <li>2nd-Lt. G. Field</li> - <li>Capt. W. G. Pearson (and wounded)</li> -</ul> -</div> - - -<h4>AWARDS.</h4> - - -<h5 class="smcap">Victoria Cross.</h5> - -<div class="parent"> -<ul class="left"> - <li>2nd Lieut. J. H. Collin (Posthumous)</li> -</ul> -</div> - - -<h5><span class="smcap">Distinguished Service Order</span> (and Bar).</h5> - -<div class="parent"> -<ul class="left"> - <li>Lt. Col. G. B. Balfour</li> -</ul> -</div> - - -<h5 class="smcap">Military Cross.</h5> - -<div class="parent"> -<ul class="left"> - <li>2nd-Lt. J. C. Alexander</li> - <li>  „  L. R. Andrews</li> - <li>  „  T. S. Bateson</li> - <li>Capt. T. R. Blain</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. R. S. Dane</li> - <li>Capt. A. Ellwood</li> - <li>  „  J. H. Evans</li> - <li>  „  R. Gardner</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. J. R. Gaulter</li> - <li>Capt. H. Y. Huthwaite</li> - <li>  „  E. A. Kendall</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. A. S. Latham</li> - <li>Capt. A. E. Morton</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. B. H. Pemberton</li> - <li>  „  F. C. Place, M.M.</li> - <li>Lieut. P. W. Powell</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. T. H. Pritchard</li> - <li>Capt. A. P. Procter</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. G. F. Raeside</li> - <li>  „  H. Richardson</li> - <li>  „  I. B. Rouse</li> - <li>  „  G. A. Taylor</li> - <li>Capt. A. A. Wright</li> -</ul> -</div> - - -<h5 class="smcap">French Croix-de-Guerre.</h5> - -<div class="parent"> -<ul class="left"> - <li>Capt. J. A. T. Clarke</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. R. C. Hallam</li> -</ul> -</div> - - -<h5 class="smcap">Mentioned in Despatches.</h5> - -<div class="parent"> -<ul class="left"> - <li>Lt. Col. G. B. Balfour (three times)</li> - <li>2nd-Lt. H. R. Hart</li> - <li>Lieut. G. F. Taylor</li> - <li>  „  E. H. Hewitt</li> - <li>  „  E. Myatt</li> -</ul> -</div> - - -<h5 class="smcap">Brought to the Notice of the Secretary of State “For Valuable -Services Rendered in Connection with the War.”</h5> - -<div class="parent"> -<ul class="left"> - <li>Lt. Col. W. F. A. Wadham, V.D.</li> -</ul> -</div> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h3>APPENDIX “E.”</h3> -</div> - -<h4>RANK AND FILE.</h4> - - -<h5 class="smcap">Killed in Action.</h5> - -<div class="parent"> -<ul class="left"> - <li>Pte. T. H. Agar</li> - <li> „  T. Airey</li> - <li>L/Cpl. T. Akister</li> - <li>Pte. R. Allen</li> - <li> „  T. Angrove</li> - <li> „  G. Ashcroft</li> - <li> „  G. Ashworth</li> - <li> „  A. Askew</li> - <li> „  H. R. Atkinson</li> - <li> „  J. Atkinson</li> - <li> „  T. Bagot</li> - <li> „  H. Bailey</li> - <li>Cpl. T. Balderston</li> - <li>Pte. J. J. Barrow</li> - <li> „  E. Baxendale</li> - <li> „  T. Baxter</li> - <li> „  W. Beckitt</li> - <li> „  W. Bell</li> - <li> „  F. Bellamy</li> - <li>L/Cpl. J. Bennett</li> - <li>Pte. J. Bennett</li> - <li> „  H. Bland</li> - <li> „  T. Bowron</li> - <li> „  J. Brack</li> - <li>L/Cpl. R. W. Bransden</li> - <li>Pte. V. Brazil</li> - <li>L/Cpl. W. T. Brew</li> - <li>L/Sgt. J. Brocklebank</li> - <li>Pte. J. J. Brocklebank</li> - <li> „  P. Brogan</li> - <li>L/Cpl. J. A. Brookes</li> - <li> „  J. Brown</li> - <li>Pte. L. E. Burley</li> - <li>Sgt. F. J. Burn</li> - <li>Pte. M. Burton</li> - <li>L/Sgt. M. Caddy</li> - <li>Pte. F. Carson</li> - <li> „  R. Carter</li> - <li> „  S. Carter</li> - <li> „  J. Cartwright</li> - <li> „  E. Catterall</li> - <li> „  A. Chadwick</li> - <li>Sgt. J. Charnock</li> - <li>Pte. H. Churm</li> - <li> „  J. Cloudsdale</li> - <li> „  E. Coles</li> - <li> „  J. Collier</li> - <li> „  T. E. Collinge</li> - <li>L/Cpl. J. Collinson</li> - <li>Pte. J. Cooley</li> - <li> „  S. Corbett</li> - <li> „  W. Cottam</li> - <li> „  A. Coulter</li> - <li> „  B. Crispe</li> - <li> „  W. Croasdale</li> - <li>Sgt. J. M. Cross</li> - <li>Pte. T. Crossman</li> - <li> „  H. Currie</li> - <li> „  E. Curwen</li> - <li> „  C. Davies</li> - <li> „  W. Dean</li> - <li>L/Cpl. A. Diggle</li> - <li>Pte. R. Dixon</li> - <li> „  H. Dobson</li> - <li> „  J. Dodd</li> - <li> „  R. Donovan</li> - <li> „  A. Downham</li> - <li> „  W. A. Downham</li> - <li> „  J. Duckworth</li> - <li> „  P. Duerden</li> - <li>Sgt. S. Eagers</li> - <li>Pte. T. Eccles</li> - <li>L/Cpl. T. Else</li> - <li>Pte. F. Elston</li> - <li> „  H. Evans</li> - <li> „  E. Fairhurst</li> - <li> „  W. T. A. Fell</li> - <li> „  E. Fisher</li> - <li> „  J. Fitzwilliam</li> - <li>Sgt. G. Fletcher</li> - <li>Pte. F. J. Fletcher</li> - <li> „  T. Ford</li> - <li> „  J. H. Frawley</li> - <li> „  H. Fryer</li> - <li> „  C. Gawne</li> - <li> „  W. Gentles</li> - <li> „  J. E. Gill</li> - <li> „  W. Glover</li> - <li> „  J. Green</li> - <li> „  J. Greenhalgh</li> - <li> „  E. Grey</li> - <li> „  J. Griffiths</li> - <li> „  E. Hadwin</li> - <li> „  E. Hall</li> - <li> „  G. Hardcastle</li> - <li> „  J. Hargreaves</li> - <li>L/Cpl. J. E. Haslam</li> - <li>Pte. W. Haythorn</li> - <li> „  E. Haythornwaite</li> - <li> „  H. Hayward</li> - <li> „  J. Hems</li> - <li> „  T. Hesketh</li> - <li> „  L. Higgs</li> - <li> „  J. Hilton</li> - <li> „  T. Hodgson</li> - <li> „  W. C. Hogg</li> - <li> „  J. Hoggarth</li> - <li> „  H. Hoole</li> - <li> „  R. Houghton</li> - <li> „  P. Howcroft</li> - <li> „  R. Hughes</li> - <li>L/Sgt. W. S. Inman</li> - <li>Cpl. T. Jackson</li> - <li>Pte. T. James</li> - <li> „  W. Jameson</li> - <li>L/Cpl. N. Jamieson</li> - <li> „  J. Jarvis</li> - <li>Pte. J. Johnson</li> - <li> „  J. Johnson</li> - <li> „  P. Johnson</li> - <li> „  W. E. Johnson</li> - <li> „  R. L. Jones</li> - <li> „  J. T. Kay</li> - <li> „  A. Kelly</li> - <li> „  W. Knipe</li> - <li> „  R. Knowles</li> - <li> „  A. Lancaster</li> - <li> „  D. Leach</li> - <li> „  E. Lenanghan</li> - <li>Cpl. N. Lewis</li> - <li>Pte. W. Liptrot</li> - <li> „  J. W. Lister</li> - <li> „  J. E. Lock</li> - <li>L/Cpl. J. Lockhead</li> - <li>Pte. T. Lofthouse</li> - <li>Cpl. T. Long</li> - <li>Pte. W. Long</li> - <li> „  L. Longworth</li> - <li> „  R. Lovell</li> - <li>L/Cpl. T. A. Lowe</li> - <li>Pte. D. Maler</li> - <li> „  H. Mason</li> - <li> „  W. Mason</li> - <li>Cpl. W. Masters</li> - <li>Pte. J. Mather</li> - <li>L/Sgt. J. H. Mellon</li> - <li>Pte. G. Mercer</li> - <li>Sgt. J. Miles</li> - <li>Pte. J. Miles</li> - <li> „  J. Millington</li> - <li>Cpl. W. H. Milton</li> - <li>Pte. J. Mitchell</li> - <li> „  E. V. Monks</li> - <li> „  W. Moran</li> - <li> „  G. Moses</li> - <li> „  S. Myerscough</li> - <li> „  J. McAlarney</li> - <li> „  A. McDowell</li> - <li> „  J. H. McGill</li> - <li> „  J. H. McGowan</li> - <li> „  W. J. McKay</li> - <li> „  J. McQuade</li> - <li> „  B. McVittie</li> - <li> „  R. H. Nelson</li> - <li> „  J. E. S. Newby</li> - <li> „  E. Nicholson</li> - <li>L/Cpl. J. J. Nicholson</li> - <li>Pte. J. Nightingale</li> - <li> „  R. Noble</li> - <li> „  A. Nuttall</li> - <li> „  J. Nutter</li> - <li> „  S. Oliver</li> - <li>L/Cpl. W. O’Neill</li> - <li>  „  R. Oversby</li> - <li>C.Q.M.S. Page</li> - <li>Pte. H. Parker</li> - <li> „  J. J. Parsons</li> - <li> „  R. Penaluna</li> - <li> „  J. H. Perry</li> - <li>Cpl. J. W. Pettitt</li> - <li>Pte. C. S. Petty</li> - <li>L/Sgt. H. H. Pill</li> - <li>Pte. W. R. Pimm</li> - <li> „  C. Pittaway</li> - <li>Cpl. J. Postlethwaite</li> - <li>Pte. R. F. Postlethwaite</li> - <li> „  W. Postlethwaite</li> - <li> „  J. Powell</li> - <li> „  H. Pownall</li> - <li>Cpl. R. Proudfoot</li> - <li>Pte. J. Ratcliffe</li> - <li>Sgt. T. S. Rathbone</li> - <li>Pte. T. Raven</li> - <li> „  W. Rawsthorne</li> - <li>Sgt. J. Reid</li> - <li>Pte. H. Ribiero</li> - <li>Cpl. S. Richardson</li> - <li>Pte. F. P. Rigg</li> - <li>Sgt. G. Robinson</li> - <li> „  R. Robinson</li> - <li>L/Cpl. S. Robinson</li> - <li>Pte. W. Robinson</li> - <li>Cpl. D. G. Rowlandson</li> - <li>Pte. J. Royle</li> - <li>L/Cpl. F. Ryder</li> - <li>Pte. E. Salthouse</li> - <li>L/Cpl. J. Sandilands</li> - <li>Pte. J. E. Scargill</li> - <li> „  E. Sellars</li> - <li> „  C. Settle</li> - <li> „  A. Sharp</li> - <li> „  T. Sharp</li> - <li>L/Sgt. C. Shaw</li> - <li>Pte. R. Shaw</li> - <li>L/Cpl. F. Shepherd</li> - <li>Pte. R. Shone</li> - <li> „  A. Sidebottom</li> - <li> „  G. Simpson</li> - <li> „  G. Simpson</li> - <li>Cpl. A. Singleton</li> - <li>Pte. J. A. Singleton</li> - <li> „  H. E. Slaymaker</li> - <li> „  F. Smith</li> - <li>L/Cpl. P. Smith</li> - <li>Pte. P. Stanworth</li> - <li>Sgt. R. L. Steel</li> - <li>Pte. A. F. Stevens</li> - <li>Cpl. W. Stewart</li> - <li>Pte. J. Strickland</li> - <li> „  F. Swainson</li> - <li> „  C. Swift</li> - <li> „  J. Swindlehurst</li> - <li> „  W. Sykes</li> - <li> „  J. W. Taylor</li> - <li> „  H. Thompson</li> - <li>Sgt. R. Thompson</li> - <li>Pte. W. Thompson</li> - <li> „  G. Titterington</li> - <li>Sgt. R. E. Titterington</li> - <li>Pte. L. Truran</li> - <li> „  F. Twynham</li> - <li> „  G. F. Tyer</li> - <li> „  L. Tyson</li> - <li> „  R. Tyson</li> - <li> „  W. Unsworth</li> - <li>Sgt. R. Usher</li> - <li>L/Cpl. D. Vickers</li> - <li>Pte. J. Vincent</li> - <li> „  H. D. Vity</li> - <li> „  L. Wade</li> - <li> „  J. Walker</li> - <li> „  J. Walmsley</li> - <li> „  R. M. Walters</li> - <li>Sgt. G. H. Watson</li> - <li>Pte. J. T. Watts</li> - <li> „  F. Webster</li> - <li> „  J. Whiteway</li> - <li> „  T. Whittle</li> - <li> „  J. Wild</li> - <li>Sgt. J. Williams</li> - <li>Pte. W. Williams</li> - <li>L/Cpl. J. Wilson</li> - <li>Pte. J. Winder</li> - <li>L/Cpl. R. Woodward</li> - <li>Pte. J. Young</li> -</ul> -</div> - - -<h5 class="smcap">Died of Wounds.</h5> - -<div class="parent"> -<ul class="left"> - <li>Pte. R. Abbott</li> - <li>L/Sergt. C. E. Ansell</li> - <li>Pte. T. Ashton</li> - <li> „  J. Atherton</li> - <li> „  A. Baker</li> - <li> „  H. E. Barker</li> - <li> „  S. Barnett</li> - <li> „  W. H. Barrow</li> - <li>L/Cpl. J. Barry</li> - <li>Cpl. F. Baxter</li> - <li>Pte. J. Benson</li> - <li> „  W. Bevins</li> - <li> „  J. Bowfield</li> - <li> „  E. M. Burne</li> - <li>Sgt. F. Cannon</li> - <li>Pte. W. Carradus</li> - <li> „  E. J. Carton</li> - <li> „  J. B. Clayton</li> - <li> „  J. Coombe</li> - <li> „  J. Cooper</li> - <li> „  R. Corlett</li> - <li> „  C. Cragg</li> - <li> „  W. Crossland</li> - <li> „  J. Dyson</li> - <li> „  C. R. Eastham</li> - <li> „  T. Eccles</li> - <li> „  A. Evans</li> - <li> „  R. E. Fenton</li> - <li>Cpl. W. M. Fletcher</li> - <li>Pte. J. Fortune</li> - <li> „  T. Fox</li> - <li> „  A. H. Garnett</li> - <li> „  S. Geldart</li> - <li>C.S.M. H. P. Gendle</li> - <li>Pte. C. Gregory</li> - <li> „  F. Griffies</li> - <li> „  H. Hadfield</li> - <li> „  W. Harrison</li> - <li> „  P. Higson</li> - <li>L/Sgt. H. Hinchcliffe</li> - <li>Pte. W. R. Holmes</li> - <li> „  J. Hoole</li> - <li> „  W. Hutton</li> - <li> „  J. Kelly</li> - <li> „  J.T. King</li> - <li> „  W. Lawson</li> - <li> „  W. Mathews</li> - <li> „  G. A. Merritt</li> - <li> „  R. H. A. Moreton</li> - <li>L/Sgt. C. Morris</li> - <li>Pte. D. Muncaster</li> - <li>L/Cpl. N. McKenzie</li> - <li>Pte. J. McMahon</li> - <li>Cpl. H. Neal</li> - <li>Pte. M. Newby</li> - <li> „  W. Nicholson</li> - <li> „  T. E. Noble</li> - <li>L/Cpl. J. Oxley</li> - <li>Pte. G. E. Park</li> - <li> „  W. Penny</li> - <li> „  W. Phillips</li> - <li>L/Cpl. R. Porter</li> - <li>Pte. G. Poskitt</li> - <li> „  T. Preston</li> - <li>Sgt. J. H. Quayle</li> - <li> „  A. Redman</li> - <li>L/Col. J. Riley</li> - <li>Pte. G. W. Robinson</li> - <li> „  B. Rogerson</li> - <li> „  F. Rothersay</li> - <li> „  W. Rowlands</li> - <li> „  W. R. Rowlands</li> - <li> „  H. W. Rudge</li> - <li> „  G. W. Rylands</li> - <li> „  H. Simmons</li> - <li> „  W. Smedley</li> - <li> „  H. Smith</li> - <li> „  A. Solari</li> - <li> „  J. Sprout</li> - <li> „  H. Stott</li> - <li> „  H. Symons</li> - <li> „  F. Talbot</li> - <li>Sgt. L. C. Taylor</li> - <li>Pte. J. Topping</li> - <li>L/Cpl. H. Q. Towers</li> - <li>Pte. W. G. Trewern</li> - <li> „  T. C. Vargoe</li> - <li> „  R. Wallace</li> - <li> „  E. Watson</li> - <li> „  J. Whalley</li> - <li> „  T. Wharton</li> - <li> „  T. Whiteside</li> - <li> „  T. Whiting</li> - <li> „  J. Whittam</li> - <li> „  J. Whittam</li> - <li> „  J. Wilding</li> - <li> „  H. Wilson</li> - <li> „  W. Wooff</li> - <li> „  F. H. Worth</li> -</ul> -</div> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h3>APPENDIX “F.”</h3> -</div> - -<h4>RANK AND FILE.</h4> - - -<h5 class="smcap">Wounded in Action.</h5> - -<div class="parent"> -<ul class="left"> - <li>Pte. W. Abernethy</li> - <li> „  J. Abram</li> - <li> „  A. Akred</li> - <li> „  W. Allen</li> - <li> „  R. Anderton</li> - <li> „  T. Angrove</li> - <li>L/Cpl. L. Andrewartha</li> - <li>Pte. R. J. Armstrong</li> - <li> „  A. Arnold</li> - <li> „  W. G. Arnott</li> - <li> „  R. Ashburner</li> - <li> „  T. Ashburner</li> - <li> „  G. Ashcroft</li> - <li> „  H. T. Ashnore</li> - <li> „  J. Ashnore</li> - <li> „  T. Ashton</li> - <li>L/Cpl. J. Ashworth</li> - <li>Pte. Aspinall</li> - <li> „  J. Astley</li> - <li> „  J. Atherton</li> - <li> „  J. Atkinson</li> - <li> „  J. Atkinson</li> - <li> „  J. J. Atkinson</li> - <li>L/Sgt. Atkinson</li> - <li>Pte. T. Atkinson</li> - <li> „  H. Backhouse</li> - <li> „  J. Backhouse</li> - <li> „  T. Baker</li> - <li> „  A. Bagshaw</li> - <li> „  J. Bailey</li> - <li> „  P. Bailey</li> - <li> „  R. Balderson</li> - <li>Cpl. J. Balderston</li> - <li>Pte. A. Baldwin</li> - <li> „  T. Balm</li> - <li>L/Cpl. H. Bamber</li> - <li>Pte. J. Bamber</li> - <li> „  J. R. Bamber</li> - <li> „  H. E. Barker</li> - <li> „  W. Barker</li> - <li> „  G. Barnes</li> - <li> „  S. Barnett</li> - <li>Cpl. E. W. Barrow</li> - <li>Pte. F. Barrow</li> - <li> „  W. Barrow</li> - <li> „  P. Barton</li> - <li>L/Sgt. C. Bates</li> - <li>Pte. H. Bebbington</li> - <li> „  H. Back</li> - <li> „  R. Bee</li> - <li>Cpl. R. Bell</li> - <li>C.S.M. W. Bell</li> - <li>Cpl. E. Bennett</li> - <li>Pte. N. Bennett</li> - <li> „  R. J. Bennett</li> - <li> „  S. Bennett</li> - <li> „  T. Benson</li> - <li> „  D. Berwick</li> - <li> „  T. Beswick</li> - <li> „  E. Bevins</li> - <li> „  T. E. Bewsher</li> - <li> „  T. H. Bewsher</li> - <li> „  H. Bidwell</li> - <li> „  A. V. Billington</li> - <li> „  T. Binns</li> - <li> „  C. E. Birch</li> - <li> „  R. Birkett</li> - <li> „  E. Birmingham</li> - <li> „  D. Black</li> - <li>L/Cpl. J. Blake</li> - <li>  „ W. Blackburn</li> - <li>Pte. W. Blakeborough</li> - <li> „  E. Blamire</li> - <li> „  S. Bloomfield</li> - <li> „  G. Bool</li> - <li> „  W. Boom</li> - <li> „  T. Bowers</li> - <li> „  J. Bowling</li> - <li> „  G. Bowman</li> - <li> „  J. Boylan</li> - <li>L/Cpl. H. Bradley</li> - <li>Pte. A. Brady</li> - <li> „  J. Braithwaite</li> - <li>C.S.M. T. Braithwaite</li> - <li>Pte. W. Braithwaite</li> - <li> „  R. Brannon</li> - <li>L/Sgt. R. Bray</li> - <li>  „ W. Bray</li> - <li>Pte. H. Brewer</li> - <li>Sgt. J. Brewer</li> - <li>Pte. H. Bridge</li> - <li> „  C. Brocklebank</li> - <li> „  J. T. Brocklebank</li> - <li> „  W. Brocklebank</li> - <li> „  G. Broderick</li> - <li> „  R. Brookes</li> - <li>Sgt. C. Brown</li> - <li>Pte. R. Brown</li> - <li> „  G. W. Brunskill</li> - <li>L/Cpl. D. Bryan</li> - <li>Pte. J. Bulderson</li> - <li> „  N. Bullivant</li> - <li> „  J. T. Bullock</li> - <li> „  J. Bumford (accidentally)</li> - <li> „  T. Bunford</li> - <li> „  E. Burley</li> - <li> „  H. Burley</li> - <li>Sgt. J. F. Burns</li> - <li>Cpl. H. Burns</li> - <li>Pte. E. N. Burns</li> - <li> „  F. Burns</li> - <li> „  J. J. Burns</li> - <li> „  J. W. Burns</li> - <li> „  J. Burrows</li> - <li>Sgt. A. Burton</li> - <li>C.S.M. R. Butcher</li> - <li>L/Cpl. H. Butler</li> - <li>Pte. G. W. Caine</li> - <li> „  V. Cairns</li> - <li> „  R. Campbell</li> - <li> „  W. Canning</li> - <li> „  J. Cannon</li> - <li> „  J. Capstick</li> - <li> „  J. Cardwell</li> - <li> „  J. Carrick</li> - <li>Sgt. J. Carrick</li> - <li>Pte. R. Carter</li> - <li> „  T. Carter</li> - <li> „  E. J. Cartwright</li> - <li>Cpl. J. H. Casper</li> - <li>Pte. F. Casson</li> - <li>Sgt. T. J. Chapple</li> - <li>Pte. H. Chadderton</li> - <li> „  I. Chadwick</li> - <li> „  T. Chadwick</li> - <li>Sgt. W. Chadwick</li> - <li>Pte. W. J. Chapman</li> - <li>Sgt. J. Charnock</li> - <li>Pte. J. T. Charters</li> - <li>Sgt. T. W. Cheeseman</li> - <li>Pte. L. Chorlton</li> - <li> „  W. P. Christian</li> - <li> „  S. Christie</li> - <li>Sgt. F. Clampitt</li> - <li>Pte. J. Clare</li> - <li> „  W. Clare</li> - <li>L/Cpl. A. Clark</li> - <li>Cpl. G. Clarke</li> - <li>Pte. J. H. Clarke</li> - <li> „  J. Clarke</li> - <li> „  R. Clarke</li> - <li> „  S. Clarke</li> - <li> „  W. Clarke</li> - <li> „  E. Clarkson</li> - <li> „  J. B. Clayton</li> - <li> „  R. Clegg</li> - <li> „  A. Clemunson</li> - <li> „  W. Cooke</li> - <li> „  T. Connor</li> - <li> „  W. Conroy</li> - <li> „  T. Cooper</li> - <li>L/Cpl. C. Cooper</li> - <li>Pte. C. D. Corless</li> - <li>L/Cpl. E. Corbthwaite</li> - <li>Pte. J. Cottam</li> - <li>L/Cpl. J. Coultsman</li> - <li>Pte. S. Coupe</li> - <li> „  J. Coupland</li> - <li>L/Cpl. J. Coupland</li> - <li>Pte. H. G. Courtnell</li> - <li>Sgt. J. Coward</li> - <li>Pte. L. Coward</li> - <li> „  T. Coward</li> - <li> „  E. Cowell</li> - <li>Cpl. G. W. Cox</li> - <li>Pte. D. G. Craig</li> - <li> „  S. Crane</li> - <li> „  T. Cross</li> - <li> „  C. W. Crowther</li> - <li> „  J. E. Cuddy</li> - <li> „  M. Cunningham</li> - <li> „  H. Cunningham</li> - <li> „  R. Cunningham</li> - <li> „  J. Curran</li> - <li> „  W. G. Dacre</li> - <li> „  W. W. Dalton</li> - <li> „  H. Daly</li> - <li> „  W. Danson</li> - <li> „  S. Darby</li> - <li> „  F. Davies</li> - <li> „  H. Davies</li> - <li> „  J. Davies</li> - <li> „  G. Dawson</li> - <li> „  R. Dawson</li> - <li>L/Cpl. R. Dawson</li> - <li>Pte. M. Dembovski</li> - <li> „  E. M. Denny</li> - <li> „  W. H. Dent</li> - <li> „  H. Derbyshire</li> - <li> „  S. Derdle</li> - <li> „  J. E. Dewhurst</li> - <li> „  S. Dickinson</li> - <li> „  J. Dickson</li> - <li> „  A. Dixon</li> - <li> „  R. Dixon</li> - <li> „  S. Dixon</li> - <li> „  W. Dixon</li> - <li> „  J. Dobson</li> - <li>Sgt. G. Dockeray</li> - <li>Pte. G. H. Dowker</li> - <li> „  A. Downing</li> - <li> „  T. E. Drew</li> - <li>L/Cpl. M. Drinkall</li> - <li>Cpl. T. Dumphey</li> - <li> „  C. Durkin</li> - <li>Pte. J. Dyson</li> - <li> „  G. Eagers. (accidentally)</li> - <li> „  J. Eagle</li> - <li> „  J. W. Earnshaw</li> - <li>L/Sgt. H. Eastwood</li> - <li>Pte. E. Eaton</li> - <li>L/Cpl. G. Eddleston</li> - <li>Pte. A. Edge</li> - <li> „  F. Edmondson</li> - <li>L/Cpl. T. Edmondson</li> - <li>Pte. J. H. Edwards</li> - <li> „  E. Egan</li> - <li> „  J. Elcocks</li> - <li> „  T. Ellam</li> - <li>Cpl. T. Entwistle</li> - <li>L/Sgt. J. Erhart</li> - <li>Pte. W. Escolme</li> - <li> „  A. Evans</li> - <li> „  J. H. Evans</li> - <li>Sgt. W. H. Farish</li> - <li>Pte. R. Farnen</li> - <li> „  W. Farnworth</li> - <li> „  J. Farrell</li> - <li> „  R. Farrer</li> - <li> „  P. Fawcett</li> - <li>Cpl. T. Fawcett</li> - <li>Sgt. H. Fearnley</li> - <li>Pte. J. Fell (accidentally)</li> - <li> „  N. Fell</li> - <li> „  F. Fenwick</li> - <li> „  W. Fisher</li> - <li> „  H. Fitters</li> - <li> „  T. Fitzsimmons</li> - <li>L/Cpl. W. Fitzsimmons</li> - <li>Pte. J. Fletcher</li> - <li> „  J. W. Flitcroft</li> - <li> „  S. Foster</li> - <li> „  P. Fox</li> - <li> „  W. France</li> - <li>L/Cpl. S. Friend</li> - <li>Pte. F. Froggart</li> - <li> „  A. Fryer</li> - <li> „  A. Fullard</li> - <li> „  H. Fullard</li> - <li> „  J. Fulwood</li> - <li> „  J. Fury</li> - <li> „  R. Gallagher</li> - <li> „  J. R. Gardner</li> - <li> „  J. Garner</li> - <li> „  A. H. Garnett</li> - <li> „  H. Garstang</li> - <li> „  W. Garvey</li> - <li> „  J. Gaskarth</li> - <li>C.S.M. H. P. Gendle</li> - <li>Pte. T. Gendle</li> - <li> „  H. Gent (accidentally)</li> - <li> „  W. Gilbert</li> - <li> „  G. Gill</li> - <li> „  A. Gillbanks</li> - <li>L/Cpl. H. Gildea</li> - <li>Pte. T. E. Gibbons</li> - <li>L/Cpl. H. Glaister</li> - <li>Pte. J. Glover</li> - <li> „  W. Goldstan</li> - <li> „  H. Gomersall</li> - <li> „  J. Gooden</li> - <li> „  H. Goodwin</li> - <li> „  J. Goodwin</li> - <li>Sgt. F. L. Gott</li> - <li>Pte. S. J. Gowling</li> - <li> „  F. Graham</li> - <li> „  J. Greaves</li> - <li> „  L. Gredy</li> - <li> „  W. J. Green</li> - <li> „  J. Greenhill</li> - <li> „  A. Greenhow</li> - <li> „  E. Greenhow</li> - <li> „  H. Greenhow</li> - <li> „  J. Greenhow</li> - <li> „  J. Gregg</li> - <li>L/Sgt. J. Gregson</li> - <li>Pte. J. Grimshaw</li> - <li> „  C. Grindrod</li> - <li> „  H. Grisegale</li> - <li> „  R. Grisedale</li> - <li> „  G. Grosvenor</li> - <li> „  A. Gunning</li> - <li> „  H. R. Hackney</li> - <li> „  W. Hague</li> - <li> „  S. A. Haines</li> - <li> „  E. Hall</li> - <li> „  J. Halsall</li> - <li> „  J. W. Hamer</li> - <li> „  F. Hampson</li> - <li> „  W. Hampson</li> - <li> „  F. Hanley</li> - <li> „  T. Hargreaves</li> - <li> „  J. Harris</li> - <li> „  T. Harris</li> - <li> „  H. Harrison</li> - <li> „  J. Harrison</li> - <li> „  J. R. Harrison</li> - <li>L/Cpl. R. Hartley</li> - <li>Pte. T. Haskett</li> - <li> „  A Hawarden</li> - <li> „  E. Hatchman</li> - <li> „  W. J. Hawkins</li> - <li> „  H. Haworth</li> - <li> „  L. Healey</li> - <li> „  H. Heaton</li> - <li> „  G. Helme</li> - <li> „  W. G. Helmsley</li> - <li> „  R. Henderson</li> - <li> „  T. Henderson</li> - <li> „  R. Hesketh</li> - <li> „  A. Hibbert</li> - <li> „  C. Higginson</li> - <li> „  T. H. High</li> - <li> „  E. Hillen</li> - <li>Cpl. W. Hird</li> - <li>Pte. W. Hitchen</li> - <li> „  R. Hodgson</li> - <li>L/Cpl. A. E. Hodgson</li> - <li>Pte. T. Hodgson</li> - <li> „  W. Hodgson</li> - <li>L/Cpl. E. Hodgson</li> - <li>Pte. J. E. Hodgkinson</li> - <li> „  J. Hogan</li> - <li> „  J. Hoggarth (accidentally)</li> - <li> „  J. Holgate</li> - <li> „  J. Hollingworth</li> - <li> „  A. Holman</li> - <li>L/Cpl. F. Holmes</li> - <li>  „ G. Holmes</li> - <li>Pte. W. M. Holmes</li> - <li> „  W. L. Holroyd</li> - <li>C.S.M. R. H. Horne</li> - <li>Pte. H. Horrabin</li> - <li> „  E. Hoskin (accidentally)</li> - <li> „  J. Hoskin</li> - <li>Cpl. G. Hosking</li> - <li>Pte. E. J. Hoskins</li> - <li> „  J. P. Hough</li> - <li> „  T. Hovington</li> - <li> „  F. Howarth</li> - <li> „  G. Howarth (accidentally)</li> - <li>L/Cpl. T. Howarth</li> - <li>Pte. W. Howarth</li> - <li>L/Sgt. G. Huddleston</li> - <li>Pte. Huddleston</li> - <li> „  J. R. Hughes</li> - <li> „  R. A. Hughes</li> - <li>L/Cpl. S. Hughes</li> - <li>Pte. J. E. Hunt</li> - <li> „  W. Hunter</li> - <li> „  J. M. Hurst</li> - <li> „  A. Hutchinson</li> - <li>L/Cpl. T. Hutchinson</li> - <li>Pte. S. Ibbotson</li> - <li> „  C. Ingram</li> - <li> „  R. W. Irving</li> - <li> „  J. Irwin</li> - <li> „  F. Isaacs</li> - <li> „  A. Isherwood</li> - <li>L/Cpl. A. Jackson</li> - <li>Cpl. A. Jackson</li> - <li>L/Sgt. F. Jackson</li> - <li>Pte. H. Jackson</li> - <li> „  S. Jackson</li> - <li> „  W. Jackson</li> - <li>L/Cpl. W. H. Jackson</li> - <li>  „ W. W. Jackson</li> - <li>Sgt. W. W. Jackson</li> - <li>Pte. J. James</li> - <li> „  T. James</li> - <li>L/Cpl. F. Jeffrey</li> - <li>Pte. W. J. Jeffrey</li> - <li> „  W. Jenkinson</li> - <li> „  J. H. Jervis</li> - <li> „  J. Jines</li> - <li> „  A. Johns</li> - <li> „  A. Johnson</li> - <li> „  A. P. Johnson</li> - <li> „  G. A. Johnson</li> - <li>Cpl. W. Johnston</li> - <li>Pte. C. Jones</li> - <li> „  E. V. Jones</li> - <li> „  F. Jones</li> - <li> „  F. Kay</li> - <li> „  A. Kay</li> - <li> „  E. Keeton</li> - <li>Cpl. M. Keelan</li> - <li>L/Cpl. A. Kelly</li> - <li>Pte. E. Kelly</li> - <li> „  J. Kelly</li> - <li> „  P. R. Kemp</li> - <li> „  J. Kempson</li> - <li> „  J. Kendall</li> - <li> „  W. Kewley</li> - <li>Sgt. W. Kirby</li> - <li>Pte. C. F. Kirkham</li> - <li> „  H. Kinder</li> - <li>Cpl. H. H. Kitchen</li> - <li>Pte. J. Kitchen</li> - <li>Cpl. E. Kneebone</li> - <li>Pte. R. Knight</li> - <li> „  R. Lamb</li> - <li>L/Cpl. W. Lamb</li> - <li>Pte. F. Lanning</li> - <li> „  A. Lawrence</li> - <li> „  H. Lawrence</li> - <li> „  J. Lay</li> - <li> „  S. Leach</li> - <li> „  H. Leake</li> - <li> „  W. Leather</li> - <li> „  H. Lee</li> - <li> „  F. Lees</li> - <li> „  E. Lenenghan</li> - <li> „  W. Lever</li> - <li> „  A. Leviston</li> - <li> „  A. Lewis</li> - <li> „  R. Lewis</li> - <li> „  V. L. Lills</li> - <li>L/Cpl. J. Lingard</li> - <li>Pte. R. Littler</li> - <li>Cpl. W. Livesey</li> - <li> „  T. E. Lloyd</li> - <li> „  J. T. Loftus</li> - <li>Pte. J. Lomax</li> - <li> „  G. Long</li> - <li>Cpl. T. Long</li> - <li>Pte. W. E. Longcroft</li> - <li> „  C. Longworth (accidentally)</li> - <li>Cpl. O. Longworth</li> - <li>Pte. R. Lonsdale</li> - <li> „  J. Looms</li> - <li> „  J. E. Lowden</li> - <li> „  H. Lowe</li> - <li> „  J. Lowery</li> - <li> „  A. Lowther</li> - <li> „  W. Lucas</li> - <li> „  W. J. Lunt</li> - <li> „  F. Mackintosh</li> - <li>Sgt. W. Maden</li> - <li>Pte. E. W. Magor</li> - <li> „  T. Makinson</li> - <li> „  M. Mannion</li> - <li> „  W. Marland</li> - <li> „  C. Marr</li> - <li> „  S. Marr</li> - <li> „  J. W. Marshall</li> - <li> „  H. Marshall</li> - <li> „  W. Marshall</li> - <li>Cpl. H. Martin</li> - <li>Pte. T. H. Martin</li> - <li> „  J. Martindale</li> - <li> „  T. Martindale</li> - <li> „  F. Mason</li> - <li> „  W. Mason</li> - <li> „  A. Mawson</li> - <li>Cpl. T. Mayson</li> - <li>Pte. J. Meikleham</li> - <li> „  J. Melia</li> - <li> „  G. Melling</li> - <li>L/Cpl. J. Mellor</li> - <li>Pte. J. I. Menzies</li> - <li> „  R. Mercer</li> - <li> „  R. Merrett</li> - <li>Sgt. T. H. Middleton</li> - <li>Pte. D. Miller</li> - <li> „  F. H. Miller</li> - <li>L/Cpl. W. Miller</li> - <li>Pte. G. Millett</li> - <li> „  A. S. Milligan</li> - <li> „  G. Milligan</li> - <li> „  J. Millington</li> - <li> „  A. Mills</li> - <li> „  J. B. Mitchell</li> - <li>L/Sgt. R. Mollard</li> - <li>Pte. R. Monks</li> - <li> „  W. Monks</li> - <li> „  B. Moore</li> - <li> „  R. Moorhouse</li> - <li> „  J. Moreland</li> - <li> „  J. Morgan</li> - <li> „  S. Morgan</li> - <li>Sgt. J. P. Morgan</li> - <li>L/Cpl. A. S. Morris</li> - <li>Pte. A. Morrow</li> - <li> „  R. Morton</li> - <li> „  L. Mountcastle</li> - <li> „  J. Murphy</li> - <li> „  P. J. Murphy</li> - <li> „  J. P. Murphy</li> - <li> „  J. Murray</li> - <li> „  W. Mylchreest</li> - <li> „  A. McBride (accidentally)</li> - <li> „  A. McVaig</li> - <li> „  R. McDonald</li> - <li> „  B. McGuinness</li> - <li> „  A. McKenzie</li> - <li> „  F. McKeown</li> - <li> „  R. McKeron</li> - <li> „  A. McLaughlin</li> - <li> „  D. McLaughlin</li> - <li> „  J. McMahon</li> - <li> „  J. McMasters</li> - <li> „  S. McNa</li> - <li> „  P. McPoland</li> - <li>L/Cpl. A. McWilliams</li> - <li>Pte. L. Nazelcop</li> - <li> „  J. Neild</li> - <li> „  S. Nelson</li> - <li> „  R. E. Newby</li> - <li> „  T. H. Newby</li> - <li>Sgt. E. L. Newham</li> - <li>Pte. F. J. Newling</li> - <li>Sgt. E. Newton</li> - <li>Pte. J. Newton</li> - <li> „  F. R. Nicholas</li> - <li> „  J. Nicholls</li> - <li> „  C. Nickolas</li> - <li> „  W. Nickolas</li> - <li>L/Cpl. H. Nightingale</li> - <li>Pte. D. F. Noake</li> - <li> „  T. E. Noble</li> - <li> „  H. Nock</li> - <li> „  F. H. Nolan</li> - <li> „  J. Notman</li> - <li> „  J. Nottle</li> - <li> „  J. H. Nunn</li> - <li> „  S. Nuttall</li> - <li> „  T. O’Brien</li> - <li> „  G. D. Ogden</li> - <li> „  G. R. Outham</li> - <li> „  W. J. Orton</li> - <li> „  E. Osborne</li> - <li> „  W. H. Paine</li> - <li> „  H. A. Palethorpe</li> - <li> „  J. T. Palmer</li> - <li> „  N. Palmer</li> - <li> „  F. Parker</li> - <li> „  G. H. Parker</li> - <li> „  J. E. Parker</li> - <li> „  W. Parker</li> - <li> „  W. H. Parker</li> - <li> „  A. W. Parkinson</li> - <li> „  T. Parkinson</li> - <li> „  W. Parkinson</li> - <li> „  W. T. Parkinson</li> - <li>Sgt. H. Parnell</li> - <li>L/Cpl. J. S. Parry</li> - <li>Pte. T. A. Parsons</li> - <li> „  M. H. Patterson</li> - <li> „  J. Pattinson</li> - <li> „  J. C. Peake</li> - <li> „  E. Pearson</li> - <li>L/Sgt. F. Pearson</li> - <li>Sgt. J. R. Pearson</li> - <li>Pte. H. Perceval</li> - <li>L/Cpl. H. Phillips</li> - <li>Pte. J. Phillips</li> - <li> „  A. Phizacklea</li> - <li> „  E. Phizacklea</li> - <li>Sgt. R. W. Pickin</li> - <li>Pte. W. Pickles</li> - <li> „  F. Pickthall(accidentally)</li> - <li> „  J. Pierson</li> - <li> „  A. Pilkington</li> - <li> „  J. Pilkington</li> - <li> „  A. Pill</li> - <li> „  R. Pipe</li> - <li> „  W. Pinch</li> - <li> „  J. H. Platt</li> - <li> „  J. Pollitt</li> - <li> „  J. Porter</li> - <li> „  J. W. Porter</li> - <li>Cpl. M. J. Porter</li> - <li>Pte. J. Postlethwaite</li> - <li> „  J. Preston</li> - <li> „  T. Preston</li> - <li> „  D. Preston</li> - <li> „  C. J. Price</li> - <li> „  H. Price</li> - <li> „  A. Priestley</li> - <li> „  J. Pritchard</li> - <li> „  R. Proctor</li> - <li> „  H. Proudfoot</li> - <li> „  T. Purcell</li> - <li>L/Cpl. J. Purviss</li> - <li>Pte. A. B. Pyle</li> - <li>Dr. G. Quigley</li> - <li>Pte. P. Quinn</li> - <li> „  G. Radford</li> - <li> „  J. Rafferty</li> - <li> „  H. Railton</li> - <li> „  J. Ralph</li> - <li> „  J. Ramsbottom</li> - <li> „  W. Ranger</li> - <li> „  H. Ratcliffe</li> - <li> „  G. J. Rawlinson</li> - <li> „  G. Read</li> - <li> „  W. Reddicliffe</li> - <li>Sgt. A. Redman</li> - <li>Cpl. S. W. Redman</li> - <li>Pte. J. Reeve</li> - <li> „  T. Rennison</li> - <li> „  E. Retallick</li> - <li> „  A. Rhodes</li> - <li>Sgt. F. Richardson</li> - <li>Pte. S. Richardson</li> - <li> „  C. Riddle</li> - <li> „  H. Riding</li> - <li> „  W. Ridings</li> - <li> „  T. E. Ridley</li> - <li> „  H. Rigg (accidentally)</li> - <li> „  H. Rimmer</li> - <li> „  J. Roberts</li> - <li> „  W. J. Roberts</li> - <li>Sgt. F. Robertson</li> - <li>Pte. E. Robinson</li> - <li> „  E. G. Robinson</li> - <li> „  W. Robinson</li> - <li> „  F. Robson</li> - <li> „  W. Rockcliffe</li> - <li> „  J. Rogerson</li> - <li> „  W. Roebuck</li> - <li> „  A. Rollinson</li> - <li>L/Cpl. G. Rorison</li> - <li>Pte. R. Rorison</li> - <li> „  F. Rose</li> - <li> „  S. V. Rose</li> - <li>Cpl. T. Rose</li> - <li>Pte. J. Round</li> - <li> „  A. Rowe</li> - <li> „  S. Rowe</li> - <li> „  S. J. Rowe</li> - <li> „  A. Rusconi</li> - <li> „  F. Rush</li> - <li> „  W. Rushton</li> - <li> „  G. W. Rylands</li> - <li> „  H. Sadler</li> - <li> „  J. Sanderson</li> - <li> „  J. Sandilands</li> - <li> „  F. W. Sarrett</li> - <li> „  A. Saunders</li> - <li> „  F. W. Saunders</li> - <li>Cpl. E. Savage</li> - <li>Pte. J. Savage</li> - <li> „  E. Scall</li> - <li> „  W. Schofield</li> - <li> „  J. Scholes</li> - <li> „  W. Scott</li> - <li> „  T. Scrogham</li> - <li> „  W. Scrogham</li> - <li> „  J. Sharples</li> - <li>L/Cpl. H. Shaw</li> - <li>Pte. H. Shaw</li> - <li> „  L. Shaw</li> - <li>L/Sgt. H. Shelley</li> - <li>Pte. B. Shepherd</li> - <li>L/Cpl. J. T. Shepherd</li> - <li>Pte. T. Shepherd</li> - <li> „  R. Simm</li> - <li>L/Cpl. G. Simpson</li> - <li>Pte. R. Simpson</li> - <li> „  S. Simpson</li> - <li> „  P. Singleton</li> - <li> „  E. Slater</li> - <li>Cpl. R. Slater</li> - <li>Pte. W. Slater</li> - <li> „  J. E. Slinger</li> - <li> „  T. Small</li> - <li> „  B. Smith</li> - <li> „  G. Smith</li> - <li> „  Jas. Smith (accidentally)</li> - <li> „  J. Smith</li> - <li> „  J. Smith</li> - <li>L/Sgt. J. Smith</li> - <li>Cpl. J. D. Smith</li> - <li>Pte. H. Smith</li> - <li> „  N. Smith</li> - <li> „  T. Smith</li> - <li> „  W. Smith</li> - <li>L/Cpl. W. H. Smith</li> - <li>Pte. J. D. Speakman</li> - <li> „  S. Spencer</li> - <li> „  L. Springthorpe</li> - <li> „  G. Sprout</li> - <li> „  H. Sprout</li> - <li> „  J. Sprout</li> - <li> „  T. Stables</li> - <li> „  J. Steel</li> - <li>L/Cpl. W. Steel</li> - <li>Pte. F. Steele</li> - <li> „  W. Steele</li> - <li> „  J. Stenchion</li> - <li> „  L. G. Stephens</li> - <li>L/Cpl. E. Stephenson</li> - <li>Pte. J. Stephenson</li> - <li> „  W. Stevens</li> - <li> „  C. Stewart</li> - <li> „  R. Stirrup</li> - <li> „  W. Stone</li> - <li>Cpl. C. D. Stops</li> - <li>Pte. F. Storey</li> - <li> „  H. Stott</li> - <li> „  B. Stowe</li> - <li> „  G. Strickland</li> - <li> „  W. Summerson</li> - <li> „  L. Swainson</li> - <li>C.S.M. A. Sweeney</li> - <li>Pte. D. Talbot</li> - <li>L/Cpl. A. V. Taylor</li> - <li>  „ J. Taylor</li> - <li>Sgt. L. C. Taylor</li> - <li>Pte. M. Taylor</li> - <li> „  T. Taylor</li> - <li> „  W. W. Taylor</li> - <li> „  A. Tennant</li> - <li> „  R. Terry</li> - <li> „  G. F. Tevevdale</li> - <li> „  E. E. Thomas</li> - <li> „  A. Thompson</li> - <li> „  F. Thompson</li> - <li> „  G. T. Thompson</li> - <li> „  J. G. Thompson</li> - <li>L/Cpl. J. H. Thompson</li> - <li>Pte. R. Thompson</li> - <li> „  R. S. Thompson</li> - <li> „  W. W. Thompson</li> - <li>Cpl. W. Thompson</li> - <li>Pte. W. Thompson</li> - <li> „  F. T. Thorley</li> - <li> „  J. M. Thornley</li> - <li> „  W. Thornborough</li> - <li>Sgt. F. J. Threblecock</li> - <li>Pte. W. Threlfall</li> - <li> „  J. H. Tildesley</li> - <li> „  W. Tindall</li> - <li> „  J. Tinsley</li> - <li> „  W. Tinsley</li> - <li>L/Cpl. J. W. Tomlinson</li> - <li>Pte. J. W. Tomlinson</li> - <li> „  R. Tomlinson</li> - <li> „  W. Tomlinson</li> - <li> „  J. Tooney</li> - <li> „  A. Topley</li> - <li> „  J. Towers</li> - <li> „  J. Tucker</li> - <li> „  W. J. Tullock</li> - <li> „  F. Turner</li> - <li> „  T. Turner</li> - <li> „  W. Turner</li> - <li> „  C. Tyson</li> - <li>Sgt. J. J. Tyson</li> - <li>Pte. A. Venables</li> - <li>Sgt. E. Vent</li> - <li>Pte. A. E. Vickers</li> - <li> „  R. Vickers</li> - <li> „  W. Vinton</li> - <li> „  F. Wain</li> - <li> „  F. Waitson</li> - <li> „  G. H. Wakefield</li> - <li> „  J. Wakefield</li> - <li> „  W. G. Wakefield</li> - <li> „  D. Walker</li> - <li> „  T. Walker</li> - <li> „  W. Walker</li> - <li> „  W. J. Walker</li> - <li> „  T. Wall</li> - <li> „  R. Wallace</li> - <li> „  G. A. Walmsley</li> - <li> „  R. Walmsley</li> - <li> „  T. Walmsley</li> - <li> „  J. Warburton</li> - <li> „  H. Ward</li> - <li> „  A. Wardle</li> - <li> „  C. E. Warren</li> - <li> „  A. Wassall</li> - <li> „  G. Watkinson</li> - <li> „  W. J. Watson</li> - <li> „  R. Weaver</li> - <li> „  F. Webster</li> - <li> „  P. Webster</li> - <li>Sgt. P. J. Wells</li> - <li>Pte. P. Wesencroft</li> - <li> „  C. Whalley</li> - <li>L/Cpl. A. G. White</li> - <li>Sgt. A. G. White</li> - <li>Pte. E. C. Whiteley</li> - <li>L/Cpl. R. A. Whiteman</li> - <li>Pte. J. F. Whittaker</li> - <li> „  R. Whittle</li> - <li> „  J. Whottan</li> - <li> „  F. Wiggins</li> - <li> „  T. Wignall</li> - <li> „  W. J. Wignall</li> - <li> „  R. Wilcock</li> - <li> „  E. Wild</li> - <li> „  J. Wilding</li> - <li> „  T. Wilkinson</li> - <li> „  T. W. Wilkinson</li> - <li> „  W. Wilkinson</li> - <li> „  C. Williams</li> - <li> „  F. Williams</li> - <li>Cpl. H. Williams</li> - <li> „  H. C. Williams</li> - <li>Pte. J. Williams</li> - <li> „  R. B. Williams</li> - <li> „  S. Williams</li> - <li> „  W. Williams</li> - <li> „  W. Williamson</li> - <li> „  G. B. Wilson</li> - <li> „  H. Wilson</li> - <li> „  J. T. Wilson</li> - <li> „  J. H. Wilson</li> - <li>L/Cpl. H. Wilson</li> - <li>  „ J. H. Wilson</li> - <li>Cpl. J. Wilson</li> - <li>Pte. P. Wilson</li> - <li> „  J. Winder</li> - <li>C.S.M. W. H. Winder</li> - <li>L/Cpl. P. H. Wintle</li> - <li>Pte. E. F. Wood</li> - <li>L/Cpl. W. Wood</li> - <li>Pte. E. Woodburn</li> - <li> „  F. G. Woodburn</li> - <li> „  W. Woodburn</li> - <li> „  W. Woodend</li> - <li> „  C. W. Woodhead</li> - <li> „  E. Woodhouse</li> - <li> „  J. Woodruff</li> - <li> „  T. Woods</li> - <li>Cpl. J. Woodward</li> - <li>Pte. S. Woodward</li> - <li>L/Sgt. W. J. Woodward</li> - <li>Pte. W. Woof</li> - <li> „  E. Worth</li> - <li> „  W. Worthington</li> - <li> „  A. J. Wright</li> - <li>L/Sgt. T. Wright</li> - <li>Pte. B. Wyld</li> - <li> „  F. Yarwood</li> - <li> „  R. A. Young</li> -</ul> -</div> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h3>APPENDIX “G.”</h3> -</div> - -<h4>RANK AND FILE.</h4> - - -<h5 class="smcap">Missing—Reported Dead.</h5> - -<div class="parent"> -<ul class="left"> - <li>Pte. P. Allen</li> - <li> „  N. Athersmith</li> - <li> „  I. Atkinson</li> - <li>L/Cpl. F. Baines</li> - <li>Cpl. E. W. Barrow</li> - <li>Pte. J. H. Barrow</li> - <li>Cpl. G. Bell</li> - <li>Pte. T. Blezard</li> - <li> „  L. Bowker</li> - <li> „  W. A. Bradley</li> - <li> „  J. Brownlow</li> - <li> „  J. Cameron</li> - <li>L/Cpl. R. Clark</li> - <li>Pte. T. Clark</li> - <li> „  E. Colley</li> - <li> „  J. Cowell</li> - <li> „  H. Cross</li> - <li> „  C. E. Crossley</li> - <li>L/Cpl. R. Dobson</li> - <li>  „ W. Douglas</li> - <li>Pte. J. Ellis</li> - <li> „  W. Finch</li> - <li> „  F. Futtes</li> - <li> „  J. Halligan</li> - <li> „  E. Hamblett</li> - <li> „  J. Hart</li> - <li>Cpl. N. Hill</li> - <li>Pte. J. Hird</li> - <li> „  J. Hodges</li> - <li> „  S. Hough</li> - <li> „  A. Hulme</li> - <li> „  G. James</li> - <li> „  F. Jenkinson</li> - <li>Cpl. B. A. Lirby</li> - <li>Pte. G. Liddle</li> - <li> „  J. Littleford</li> - <li> „  A. Loftus</li> - <li> „  A. Morris</li> - <li>L/Cpl. T. H. Newby</li> - <li>Pte. J. Owen</li> - <li> „  H. Park</li> - <li> „  R. Postlethwaite</li> - <li> „  J. H. Proctor</li> - <li>L/Cpl. J. Robinson</li> - <li>Pte. J. Simm</li> - <li> „  T. Simpson</li> - <li> „  W. Smith</li> - <li> „  H. J. Snaith</li> - <li> „  G. A. Stenhouse</li> - <li> „  E. Stewart</li> - <li>L/Cpl. W. J. Strode</li> - <li>Pte. W. Swarbrick</li> - <li>Sgt. J. Thistlethwaite</li> - <li>Pte. T. M. Timperley</li> - <li> „  C. H. Turner</li> - <li> „  W. West</li> - <li> „  H. Wilkins</li> - <li> „  T. Williams</li> - <li> „  S. J. Willis</li> - <li> „  A. Wilson</li> -</ul> -</div> - - -<h5 class="smcap">Wounded and Prisoners.</h5> - -<div class="parent"> -<ul class="left"> - <li>Pte. R. Allen</li> - <li>Sgt. F. W. Canby</li> - <li>Pte. G. Grosvenor</li> - <li> „  J. W. Harrall</li> - <li>Cpl. T. Hird</li> - <li>Pte. T. Leck</li> - <li> „  M. Newby</li> - <li> „  S. Scotchford</li> - <li> „  J. Smith</li> - <li> „  T. Smith</li> - <li> „  W. Tomlinson</li> - <li> „  G. Wilson</li> - -</ul> -</div> - - -<h5 class="smcap">Wounded and Missing.</h5> - -<div class="parent"> -<ul class="left"> - <li>Pte. A. Bell</li> - <li> „  T. Bell</li> - <li> „  T. Bowen</li> - <li>L/Cpl. J. Dickie</li> - <li>Pte. R. Garnett</li> - <li> „  J. H. Hall</li> - <li>Cpl. T. Hird</li> - <li>Pte. W. Leviston</li> - <li> „  J. Logan</li> - <li> „  H. Metters</li> - <li> „  H. Newby</li> - <li>Sgt. F. N. Postlethwaite</li> - <li>Pte. R. Prisk</li> - <li> „  I. T. Rowse</li> - <li> „  E. H. Shelton</li> - <li> „  H. Sprout</li> - <li> „  W. Sykes</li> - <li>Cpl. N. H. Taylor</li> - <li>Pte. F. Williams</li> - <li> „  J. J. Wilshaw</li> - <li> „  G. H. Wright</li> -</ul> -</div> - - -<h5 class="smcap">Missing.</h5> - -<div class="parent"> -<ul class="left"> - <li>Sgt. J. Amos</li> - <li>Pte. J. C. Anson</li> - <li> „  H. W. Ashworth</li> - <li> „  J. Ashworth</li> - <li> „  A. Atkinson</li> - <li>Cpl. T. Atkinson</li> - <li>Pte. J. Atherton</li> - <li> „  J. B. Atherton</li> - <li> „  A. T. Barron</li> - <li> „  J. Barton</li> - <li> „  R. Bashall</li> - <li> „  A. V. Bell</li> - <li> „  A. Bennett</li> - <li> „  F. Berry</li> - <li> „  S. Berry</li> - <li> „  T. B. Blake</li> - <li> „  H. Boothman</li> - <li>Sgt. H. Bradley</li> - <li>Pte. J. H. Bradley</li> - <li> „  L. Bray</li> - <li> „  F. Briggs</li> - <li> „  E. H. Brocklebank</li> - <li> „  J. T. Brocklebank</li> - <li> „  R. Brown</li> - <li> „  R. Burrow</li> - <li> „  J. Burrows</li> - <li> „  J. Capstick</li> - <li> „  G. Caton</li> - <li> „  P. Chadderton</li> - <li> „  W. Clark</li> - <li>Sgt. B. Clarke</li> - <li>Pte. C. Clarkson</li> - <li> „  J. Clough</li> - <li> „  J. H. Conning</li> - <li> „  W. B. Cowper</li> - <li> „  A. Crabb</li> - <li> „  J. Craig</li> - <li> „  A. Crammon</li> - <li> „  E. Cross</li> - <li> „  A. J. Crossling</li> - <li> „  W. Crowther</li> - <li> „  J. Cubitt</li> - <li> „  S. Date</li> - <li> „  T. A. Davies</li> - <li> „  T. W. Davies</li> - <li> „  B. Dixon</li> - <li> „  J. Downham</li> - <li> „  H. Doyle</li> - <li> „  J. Dunn</li> - <li> „  G. H. Durham</li> - <li> „  A. Earnshaw</li> - <li> „  J. E. Fawcett</li> - <li> „  J. Fletcher</li> - <li> „  A. Fox</li> - <li> „  L. Fox</li> - <li> „  C. W. Frearson</li> - <li> „  T. Gamble</li> - <li>L/Sgt. G. Grafton</li> - <li>Pte. G. Graveson (Prisoner)</li> - <li> „  H. Green</li> - <li> „  J. B. Greenwood</li> - <li> „  M. Grigg</li> - <li> „  T. Hacking</li> - <li>Sgt. A. A. Hall</li> - <li>Pte. J. E. Harrison</li> - <li> „  W. Harrison</li> - <li> „  J. Hartley</li> - <li> „  J. H. Hartley</li> - <li> „  A. H. Hatton</li> - <li> „  W. Hodgson</li> - <li> „  R. Horne</li> - <li> „  A. E. Hoult</li> - <li>L/Cpl. T. Howcroft</li> - <li>Pte. T. W. Huck</li> - <li> „  J. H. Hudson</li> - <li>L/Cpl. P. L. Hunter</li> - <li>Pte. J. W. Ireland</li> - <li>L/Cpl. E. Jackson</li> - <li>Pte. R. James</li> - <li> „  T. Jesson</li> - <li> „  A. E. Johnson</li> - <li> „  C. Johnson</li> - <li> „  W. E. Johnson</li> - <li> „  E. Jones</li> - <li> „  J. L. Jones</li> - <li> „  J. Kenny</li> - <li> „  T. Leck</li> - <li> „  W. Lee</li> - <li> „  A. Lord</li> - <li> „  J. Lorraine</li> - <li> „  W. Lowe</li> - <li> „  T. Lowery</li> - <li> „  W. J. Lowther</li> - <li> „  F. Mallon</li> - <li>L/Cpl. L. Marsden</li> - <li>  „ F. Marwood</li> - <li>Pte. T. Martin</li> - <li> „  J. Mayor</li> - <li>Cpl. J. Miller</li> - <li>Pte. T. Mitchell</li> - <li> „  I. Moore</li> - <li> „  A. Moorey</li> - <li> „  H. B. Mortimer</li> - <li> „  A. L. McDonald</li> - <li> „  T. McGuire</li> - <li> „  T. McKitten</li> - <li> „  B. E. Neave</li> - <li> „  J. Nelson</li> - <li> „  R. Newsham</li> - <li> „  W. Nicholson</li> - <li> „  W. Nutter</li> - <li> „  J. O’Brien</li> - <li>L/Cpl. A. J. Orders</li> - <li>Pte. J. Orme</li> - <li> „  C. R. Park</li> - <li> „  J. Park</li> - <li> „  W. Parry</li> - <li> „  F. C. Pearce</li> - <li> „  F. Pickthall</li> - <li> „  F. Porter</li> - <li> „  C. Prince</li> - <li> „  R. Ralston</li> - <li> „  J. Remmington</li> - <li> „  E. Rimmer</li> - <li> „  W. Rimmer</li> - <li> „  D. Roberts</li> - <li> „  H. Roberts</li> - <li> „  P. C. Roberts</li> - <li> „  E. G. Robinson</li> - <li>Sgt. H. Robinson</li> - <li>L/Cpl. H. Sanderson</li> - <li>Pte. J. H. Saville</li> - <li> „  J. Schofield</li> - <li>L/Cpl. J. Seabridge</li> - <li>Pte. W. Soddon</li> - <li> „  T. Spencer</li> - <li> „  W. J. Sprout</li> - <li> „  J. Steele</li> - <li> „  W. H. Steenson</li> - <li> „  A. J. Taylor</li> - <li>Sgt. S. Taylor</li> - <li>Pte. J. Theobald</li> - <li> „  J. Threlfall</li> - <li>L/Cpl. E. Topping</li> - <li>Pte. A. Turner</li> - <li> „  T. Turner</li> - <li> „  A. C. Vass</li> - <li> „  A. Walker</li> - <li> „  J. Walker</li> - <li> „  F. Walpole</li> - <li>L/Cpl. F. C. Wenham</li> - <li>Pte. R. Whipp</li> - <li> „  T. H. E. Whitehead</li> - <li> „  T. Whitworth</li> - <li>L/Cpl. J. Wilkinson</li> - <li>Pte. T. Wilkinson</li> - <li> „  C. Williams</li> - <li> „  S. Williams</li> - <li>Cpl. C. Wilson</li> - <li>Pte. G. Wilson</li> - <li> „  J. Winder</li> - <li> „  P. Wood</li> - <li> „  E. Woodburn</li> - <li> „  R. Worrall</li> - <li>Sgt. W. Worthington</li> - <li>Pte. F. Wright</li> -</ul> -</div> - - -<h5 class="smcap">Prisoners of War.</h5> - -<div class="parent"> -<ul class="left"> - <li>Cpl. T. Atkinson</li> - <li>Pte. J. H. Athersmith</li> - <li> „  J. Atherton</li> - <li> „  H. W. Ashworth</li> - <li>Sgt. T. Amos</li> - <li>L/Cpl. E. D. Askew</li> - <li>Pte. J. Athersmith</li> - <li>L/Cpl. R. Bradshaw</li> - <li>L/Sgt. P. Baines</li> - <li>Pte. E. H. Brocklebank</li> - <li> „  H. Billington</li> - <li>L/Cpl. W. Baxter</li> - <li>Pte. T. Bowen</li> - <li> „  C. E. Barton</li> - <li> „  T. E. Baxter</li> - <li>Sgt. H. Bradley</li> - <li>Pte. R. G. Baxter</li> - <li> „  F. Baines</li> - <li> „  P. Blezard</li> - <li> „  S. Boundy</li> - <li> „  L. Bray</li> - <li> „  H. Bennett</li> - <li> „  J. H. Bradley</li> - <li> „  J. Barton</li> - <li> „  A. F. Barron</li> - <li> „  H. Berry</li> - <li> „  J. Baglin</li> - <li> „  R. Burrow</li> - <li>Sgt. J. Borwick</li> - <li>Pte. R. G. Barrow</li> - <li>Cpl. F. Barker</li> - <li>Pte. W. Brammall</li> - <li> „  W. Barratt</li> - <li> „  J. Clegg</li> - <li> „  E. Clarke</li> - <li> „  J. Clough</li> - <li> „  T. Conroy</li> - <li> „  M. Conway</li> - <li> „  G. W. Cole</li> - <li> „  T. Cookson</li> - <li> „  J. Capstick</li> - <li> „  C. Clarkson</li> - <li> „  J. R. Chadwick</li> - <li> „  A. J. Crossing</li> - <li> „  P. Chadderton</li> - <li> „  E. Cross</li> - <li> „  J. H. Conning</li> - <li> „  J. Craven</li> - <li> „  W. Crowther</li> - <li> „  T. W. Davies</li> - <li> „  E. Douglass</li> - <li> „  J. A. Dixon</li> - <li> „  E. Dickinson</li> - <li> „  B. Darcey</li> - <li> „  A. E. Davies</li> - <li> „  T. A. Davis</li> - <li> „  R. Dent</li> - <li> „  A. Dickson</li> - <li> „  F. Evans</li> - <li> „  A. Evans</li> - <li> „  R. Eastwood</li> - <li> „  A. Earnshaw</li> - <li> „  J. J. B. Edgar</li> - <li>Cpl. J. B. Edgar</li> - <li>Pte. R. Elroy</li> - <li> „  L. Fox</li> - <li> „  W. Forbes</li> - <li>Cpl. J. Fairhurst</li> - <li>Pte. G. Graveson</li> - <li> „  W. Gordon</li> - <li>Cpl. W. Galamean</li> - <li>Pte. J. Goldsmith</li> - <li> „  G. Golding</li> - <li> „  W. H. Gaffney</li> - <li>L/Cpl. H. Green</li> - <li>Pte. J. Gilmore</li> - <li> „  F. Gamble</li> - <li> „  A. W. Gould</li> - <li> „  J. B. Greenwood</li> - <li>Sgt. G. Grafton</li> - <li>Pte. W. Harrison</li> - <li> „  H. V. Hudson</li> - <li> „  P. Howarth</li> - <li>L/Cpl. F. Hardman</li> - <li>Pte. J. Howarth</li> - <li> „  S. Holt</li> - <li> „  W. Hodgson</li> - <li> „  B. Horn</li> - <li> „  E. Harper</li> - <li> „  E. Hill</li> - <li> „  R. Helme (Died)</li> - <li> „  T. Hacking</li> - <li> „  P. L. Hunter</li> - <li> „  A. E. Hoult</li> - <li>L/Sgt. A. G. Hall</li> - <li>Pte. H. J. Hall</li> - <li>Cpl. J. Irving</li> - <li>Pte. E. Jones (Died)</li> - <li> „  J. H. Jackson (Died)</li> - <li> „  J. L. Jones (Died)</li> - <li> „  R. Jones</li> - <li> „  J. F. Jones</li> - <li> „  J. Jesson</li> - <li>Cpl. R. Johnson</li> - <li>Pte. E. Jackson</li> - <li> „  J. Kelly</li> - <li> „  G. W. Kelton</li> - <li> „  F. Knapp</li> - <li> „  J. Kenny</li> - <li> „  J. Lees</li> - <li>Cpl. J. Lindsay</li> - <li>Pte. R. Lawton</li> - <li> „  F. Lindsay</li> - <li>Cpl. H. Lister</li> - <li>Pte. W. Lee</li> - <li>L/Cpl. J. Lowe</li> - <li>Pte. F. W. Lane</li> - <li> „  J. Lingard</li> - <li> „  W. Lackey</li> - <li> „  W. Lowery (Died)</li> - <li> „  T. Lowery</li> - <li> „  J. Moore</li> - <li>L/Cpl. I. F. Marwood</li> - <li>Pte. W. McNeill</li> - <li> „  K. Memory</li> - <li> „  J. McDonald</li> - <li> „  J. Maxwell</li> - <li> „  A. Moorey</li> - <li>Sgt. W. Marshall</li> - <li>Pte. T. McGuire</li> - <li> „  I. McKitten</li> - <li> „  B. B. Mortimer</li> - <li> „  T. Mayor</li> - <li> „  J. Nicholson</li> - <li> „  F. J. Nicholls</li> - <li> „  B. E. Neave</li> - <li> „  W. Nicholson</li> - <li> „  R. Orrell</li> - <li> „  E. O’Neill</li> - <li> „  G. E. Park</li> - <li> „  W. A. Peach</li> - <li> „  C. Prince</li> - <li> „  J. G. Pinkney</li> - <li> „  J. Park</li> - <li> „  W. A. Pepper</li> - <li> „  W. Parry</li> - <li> „  H. Rigg</li> - <li>Sgt. H. Robinson</li> - <li>Pte. E. W. Rimmer</li> - <li> „  R. H. Reay</li> - <li> „  R. Ralston</li> - <li> „  W. Rimmer</li> - <li> „  E. H. Roberts</li> - <li> „  H. Skirrow</li> - <li> „  F. Stephenson</li> - <li>L/Cpl. W. Shirt</li> - <li>Sgt. F. Sherley</li> - <li>L/Cpl. W. H. Steel</li> - <li>  „ H. Sanderson</li> - <li>Pte. R. Simpson</li> - <li> „  W. Seddon</li> - <li>L/Cpl. J. Steel</li> - <li>  „ A. Seabridge</li> - <li>Pte. W. Sharpe</li> - <li> „  W. Troughton</li> - <li>Cpl. F. H. Turner</li> - <li>Pte. W. Shipperbottom (Died)</li> - <li> „  A. J. Taylor</li> - <li> „  W. H. Turner</li> - <li>Pte. A. Turner</li> - <li>L/Cpl. C. E. Taylor</li> - <li>Pte. R. Taylor</li> - <li> „  E. F. Topping</li> - <li> „  J. Theobald</li> - <li>L/Sgt. W. Travis</li> - <li>Pte. J. Unsworth</li> - <li> „  A. C. Vass</li> - <li>L/Cpl. A. Whittle</li> - <li>Pte. J. Waltho</li> - <li> „  T. Williams</li> - <li> „  J. J. Woodruff</li> - <li> „  J. Worsley</li> - <li> „  T. H. E. Whitehead</li> - <li> „  E. S. Wood (Died)</li> - <li> „  F. Ward</li> - <li> „  J. Winder</li> - <li> „  W. L. Williams</li> - <li> „  J. Woodruffe</li> - <li>Sgt. C. Williams</li> - <li>Pte. C. W. Wells</li> - <li>L/Cpl. J. Wilkinson</li> - <li>Pte. R. Worrall</li> - <li> „  A. Walker</li> - <li> „  T. Whitworth</li> - <li>Sgt. W. Worthington</li> - <li>Pte. G. R. C. Weedon</li> -</ul> -</div> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<h3>APPENDIX “H.”</h3> -</div> - -<h4>RANK AND FILE—AWARDS.</h4> - - -<h5 class="smcap">Victoria Cross.</h5> - -<div class="parent"> -<ul class="left"> - <li>L/Sgt. T. F. Mayson</li> - <li>Cpl. J. Hewitson</li> -</ul> -</div> - - -<h5 class="smcap">Military Cross.</h5> - -<div class="parent"> -<ul class="left"> - <li>C.S.M. R. A. Williams</li> - <li>Sgt. W. Bell</li> -</ul> -</div> - - -<h5 class="smcap">Distinguished Conduct Medal.</h5> - -<div class="parent"> -<ul class="left"> - <li>Sgt. J. S. Owen</li> - <li>Cpl. A. E. Graves</li> - <li>Sgt. R. Adamson</li> - <li>Sgt. A. J. Burton</li> - <li>L/Sgt. G. Johnston</li> - <li>Cpl. H. Martin</li> - <li>L/Cpl. J. Carrick</li> - <li>Sgt. J. M. Cross</li> - <li> „  J. R. Pearson</li> - <li> „  G. Huddleston</li> - <li>Sgt. W. H. Farish</li> - <li>Pte. C. S. Milton</li> - <li>C.S.M. D. Graham</li> - <li>  „  J. B. Cook</li> - <li>Sgt. H. Dickinson, M.M.</li> -</ul> -</div> - - -<h5 class="smcap">Military Medal.</h5> - -<div class="parent"> -<ul class="left"> - <li>Pte. A. E. Ashburn</li> - <li>Cpl. T. Balderston</li> - <li>Pte. T. Binns</li> - <li>Sgt. J. Birkett</li> - <li>Pte. R. Bradley</li> - <li> „  J. Bussingham</li> - <li>Cpl. R. Carruthers</li> - <li> „  J. Carton</li> - <li>Sgt. T. J. Chapple</li> - <li>L/Cpl. T. Chester</li> - <li>Pte. J. Cooley</li> - <li>L/Cpl. C. F. Cooper</li> - <li>Pte. T. Cross (and Bar)</li> - <li>Cpl. C. W. Crichton</li> - <li>L/Cpl. W. Danson</li> - <li>L/Sgt. H. Dickinson, D.C.M.</li> - <li>Sgt. H. Fearnley</li> - <li>Pte. H. Green</li> - <li> „  H. Helme</li> - <li>L/Cpl. G. Hewartson</li> - <li>L/Cpl. R. F. Hinde</li> - <li>C.Q.M.S. W. G. Hinds</li> - <li>C.S.M. G. Holme</li> - <li>Sgt. A. C. Holmes</li> - <li> „  A. H. Jackson</li> - <li>Cpl. F. Jackson</li> - <li>Sgt. R. N. Jackson</li> - <li> „  R. Lockey</li> - <li>Pte. L. Marsden</li> - <li> „  G. Mackereth</li> - <li>Sgt. T. H. Middleton (and Bar)</li> - <li> „  A. Morris</li> - <li> „  H. Myers</li> - <li>Pte. J. McAlarney</li> - <li>L/Cpl. W. McGill</li> - <li>Pte. W. Nicholson</li> - <li>Sgt. H. Parnell</li> - <li>Sgt. H. W. Perceval</li> - <li>Pte. G. Poskitt</li> - <li>Sgt. T. G. Rathbone</li> - <li>Pte. E. Redpath</li> - <li> „  E. G. Robinson</li> - <li>Sgt. T. Robinson</li> - <li>Cpl. F. A. Sherley</li> - <li>L/Sgt. H. Smith</li> - <li>Pte. P. Stalker</li> - <li> „  H. Stott</li> - <li> „  R. Taylor</li> - <li> „  J. W. Thomas</li> - <li>L/Cpl. H. Q. Towers</li> - <li>Cpl. P. J. Vernoun</li> - <li>Pte. G. Wakefield</li> - <li> „  G. H. Watson</li> - <li>Sgt. W. T. Whiteside</li> - <li>Pte. J. Wild</li> - <li>L/Sgt. T. Wright</li> -</ul> -</div> - - -<h5 class="smcap">Mentioned in Despatches.</h5> - -<div class="parent"> -<ul class="left"> - <li>C.S.M. W. Bell</li> - <li>Sgt. J. Coward</li> - <li> „  W. Hayhurst</li> - <li>Sgt. R. N. Jackson</li> - <li>A/R.S.M. J. Way</li> - <li>L/Cpl. P. Baines</li> - <li>L/Cpl. T. Jackson</li> - <li>Pte. J.A. Kitchen</li> -</ul> -</div> - - -<h5 class="smcap">Bronze Medal for Military Valour.</h5> - -<div class="parent"> -<ul class="left"> - <li>C.S.M. R. Walker</li> -</ul> -</div> - - -<h5 class="smcap">Belgian Croix-de-Guerre.</h5> - -<div class="parent"> -<ul class="left"> - <li>Sgt. G. B. Collins</li> -</ul> -</div> - - -<h5 class="smcap">Meritorious Service Medal.</h5> - -<div class="parent"> -<ul class="left"> - <li>R.Q.M.S. W. Clark</li> - <li>Sgt. S. Hinds</li> - <li>Sgt. W. Rickwood</li> -</ul> -</div> - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_xviii">[xviii]</span></p> - -<h3>APPENDIX “I.”</h3> -</div> - -<p><i>Extract from the Supplement dated 28th June, 1918, to the “London -Gazette” dated 25th June, 1918.</i></p> - - -<p class="smcap p1">War Office, 28th June, 1918.</p> - -<p class="p1">His Majesty The King has been graciously pleased to approve of -the award of the Victoria Cross to the undermentioned Officers, -Non-Commissioned Officers and Men:—</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>2nd Lieut. <span class="smcap">Joseph Henry Collin</span>, late Royal Lancaster -Regiment.</p> - -<p>For most conspicuous bravery, devotion to duty and self-sacrifice in -action.</p> - -<p class="p1">After offering a long and gallant resistance against heavy odds in -the Keep held by his platoon, this officer, with only five of his men -remaining, slowly withdrew in the face of superior numbers, contesting -every inch of the ground. The enemy were pressing him hard with bombs -and machine gun fire from close range. Single-handed 2nd Lieutenant -Collin attacked the machine gun and team. After firing his revolver -into the enemy, he seized a Mills grenade and threw it into the hostile -team, putting the gun out of action, killing four of the team and -wounding two others. Observing a second hostile machine gun firing, he -took a Lewis gun, and selecting a high point of vantage on the parapet -whence he could engage the gun, he, unaided, kept the enemy at bay -until he fell mortally wounded.</p> - -<p class="p1">The heroic self-sacrifice of 2nd Lieutenant Collin was a magnificent -example to all.</p> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_xix">[xix]</span></p> - -<h3>APPENDIX “J.”</h3> -</div> - -<p><i>Extract from the Supplement dated 14th September, 1917, to the -“London Gazette” dated 14th September, 1917.</i></p> - - -<p class="smcap p1">War Office, 14th September, 1917.</p> - -<p class="p1">His Majesty The King has been graciously pleased to approve of -the award of the Victoria Cross to the undermentioned Officers, -Non-Commissioned Officers, and Men:—</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>No. 200717, Corpl. (L/Sgt.) <span class="smcap">Tom Fletcher Mayson</span>, Royal -Lancaster Regiment (Silecroft, Cumberland).</p> - -<p class="p1">For most conspicuous bravery and devotion to duty when with the leading -wave of the attack his platoon was held up by machine gun fire from a -flank.</p> - -<p class="p1">Without waiting for orders, L/Sgt. Mayson at once made for the gun, -which he put out of action with bombs, wounding four of the team. The -remaining three of the team fled, pursued by L/Sgt. Mayson to a dugout -into which he followed them, and disposed of them with his bayonet.</p> - -<p class="p1">Later, when clearing up a strong point, this non-commissioned officer -again tackled a machine gun single-handed, killing six of the team.</p> - -<p>Finally, during an enemy counter-attack, he took charge of an isolated -post, and successfully held it till ordered to withdraw as his -ammunition was exhausted.</p> - -<p class="p1">He displayed throughout the most remarkable valour and initiative.</p> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_xx">[xx]</span></p> - -<h3>APPENDIX “K.”</h3> -</div> - -<p><i>Extract from the Supplement dated 28th June, 1918, to the “London -Gazette” dated 25th June, 1918.</i></p> - - -<p class="smcap p1">The War Office, 28th June, 1918.</p> - -<p class="p1">His Majesty The King has been graciously pleased to approve of -the award of the Victoria Cross to the undermentioned Officers, -Non-Commissioned Officers, and Men:—</p> - -<hr class="tb" /> - -<p>No. 15883, Lance-Corporal <span class="smcap">James Hewitson</span>, Royal -Lancaster Regiment (Coniston).</p> - -<p class="p1">For most conspicuous bravery, initiative and daring in action.</p> - -<p class="p1">In a daylight attack on a series of crater posts, L/Cpl. Hewitson -led his party to their objective with dash and vigour, clearing the -enemy from both trench and dugouts, killing in one dugout six of the -enemy who would not surrender. After capturing the final objective, -he observed a hostile machine gun team coming into action against his -men. Working his way round the edge of the crater he attacked the team, -killing four and capturing one. Shortly afterwards he engaged a hostile -bombing party, which was attacking a Lewis gun post. He routed the -party, killing six of them.</p> - -<p class="p1">The extraordinary feats of daring performed by this gallant N.C.O. -crushed the hostile opposition at this point.</p> -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_xxi">[xxi]</span></p> - -<h3>INDEX.</h3> -</div> - -<ul> - <li>Albert, - <a href="#Page_34">34</a></li> - <li>Albert, King of the Belgians, - <a href="#Page_135">135</a></li> - <li>Albert, H.R.H. Prince, - <a href="#Page_135">135</a></li> - <li>Alexander, Lieut. J. C., - <a href="#Page_77">77</a>, - <a href="#Page_83">83</a>, - <a href="#Page_89">89</a></li> - <li>Anniversary, Third, 55th Divn., - <a href="#Page_135">135</a></li> - <li>Armistice Day at Leuze, - <a href="#Page_133">133</a></li> - <li>Artillery support inadequate, - <a href="#Page_28">28</a></li> - <li>Ashburn, Pte. A. E., - <a href="#Page_102">102</a></li> - <li>Authuille, - <a href="#Page_43">43</a></li> - <li>Aveluy, - <a href="#Page_35">35</a></li> - <li>Awards, Officers (App.)</li> - <li>Awards, Rank and File (App.)</li> -</ul> - -<ul> - <li>Barrow, Capt. J. V. (App.)</li> - <li>Barrow-in-Furness, - <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li> - <li>Bathing, - <a href="#Page_29">29</a></li> - <li>Barnes, Major N. E., - <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, - <a href="#Page_42">42</a>, - <a href="#Page_51">51</a>, - <a href="#Page_52">52</a>, - <a href="#Page_136">136</a></li> - <li>Barratt, Capt. W. D., - <a href="#Page_50">50</a>, - <a href="#Page_52">52</a></li> - <li>Balfour, Lt. Col. G. B., - <a href="#Page_56">56</a>, - <a href="#Page_67">67</a>, - <a href="#Page_75">75</a>, - <a href="#Page_85">85</a>, - <a href="#Page_93">93</a>, - <a href="#Page_102">102</a>, - <a href="#Page_131">131</a></li> - <li>Bates, L/Cpl., - <a href="#Page_46">46</a></li> - <li>Bedford, - <a href="#Page_14">14</a></li> - <li>B.E.F., Embarkation, - <a href="#Page_14">14</a></li> - <li>Berguette, - <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, - <a href="#Page_32">32</a></li> - <li>Béthune, - <a href="#Page_17">17</a></li> - <li>Bell, Sgt. W., - <a href="#Page_25">25</a>, - <a href="#Page_26">26</a></li> - <li>Belgian Croix-de-Guerre (App.)</li> - <li>Birling, Gap, - <a href="#Page_14">14</a></li> - <li>Bigland, Lieut. G., - <a href="#Page_24">24</a></li> - <li>Boulogne, - <a href="#Page_15">15</a></li> - <li>Bombs, Home Made, - <a href="#Page_21">21</a></li> - <li>Bouzincourt, - <a href="#Page_33">33</a></li> - <li>Bowman, 2nd-Lt., - <a href="#Page_46">46</a></li> - <li>Bonningues-les-Ardres, - <a href="#Page_92">92</a></li> - <li>Blain, Capt. T. R., - <a href="#Page_104">104</a></li> - <li>Blamont Trenches, - <a href="#Page_53">53</a></li> - <li>Brocklebank, Major H. A., - <a href="#Page_45">45</a>, - <a href="#Page_50">50</a>, - <a href="#Page_55">55</a>, - <a href="#Page_75">75</a>, - <a href="#Page_78">78</a>, - <a href="#Page_89">89</a></li> - <li>Bretencourt, - <a href="#Page_53">53</a></li> - <li>Bradley, 2nd-Lt. R., - <a href="#Page_89">89</a></li> - <li>Brockman, 2nd-Lt. A. J., - <a href="#Page_63">63</a></li> - <li>Bronze Medal for Military Valour (App.)</li> - <li>Brussels, - <a href="#Page_135">135</a></li> - <li>Burton, Sgt. A., - <a href="#Page_101">101</a></li> -</ul> - -<ul> - <li>Casualties, G.W.R., - <a href="#Page_10">10</a></li> - <li>Casualties, Officers (App.)</li> - <li>Casualties, Rank and File (App.)</li> - <li>Calonne-sur-la-Lys, - <a href="#Page_16">16</a></li> - <li>Carrick, Pte. J., - <a href="#Page_39">39</a></li> - <li>Carleton, Lt. Col. F. M., - <a href="#Page_43">43</a>, - <a href="#Page_53">53</a>, - <a href="#Page_56">56</a></li> - <li>Caddy, Capt. J., - <a href="#Page_45">45</a>, - <a href="#Page_53">53</a></li> - <li>Caddy, Sgt. M., - <a href="#Page_79">79</a></li> - <li>Candas, - <a href="#Page_51">51</a></li> - <li>Chevening Park, - <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li> - <li>Chislehurst Guard, - <a href="#Page_13">13</a></li> - <li>Chapman, Lieut. C. G., - <a href="#Page_38">38</a>, - <a href="#Page_51">51</a></li> - <li>Christmas at Reclinghem, - <a href="#Page_108">108</a></li> - <li>Chester, L/Cpl. T. (App.), - <a href="#Page_102">102</a></li> - <li>Civilian Snipers, - <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li> - <li>Clarke, Capt. J. A. T., - <a href="#Page_45">45</a>, - <a href="#Page_56">56</a>, - <a href="#Page_78">78</a></li> - <li>Clark, Lieut. A. M., - <a href="#Page_66">66</a>, - <a href="#Page_104">104</a></li> - <li>Cornet Malo, - <a href="#Page_19">19</a></li> - <li>Comforts from Home, - <a href="#Page_43">43</a></li> - <li>Corless, 2nd-Lt., - <a href="#Page_50">50</a></li> - <li>Cooper, L/Cpl. C. F., - <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li> - <li>Collin, 2nd-Lt. J. H. (App.) I</li> - <li>Crossley, Lieut. J., - <a href="#Page_81">81</a></li> - <li>Craters Attack, - <a href="#Page_120">120</a></li> - <li>Croix-de-Guerre, Belgian (App.)</li> - <li>Cuckmere Haven, - <a href="#Page_14">14</a></li> -</ul> - -<ul> - <li>Dane, 2nd-Lt. R. S. (App.), - <a href="#Page_101">101</a>, - <a href="#Page_135">135</a></li> - <li>Dartnell, 2nd-Lt. A. J. (App.), - <a href="#Page_101">101</a>, - <a href="#Page_104">104</a></li> - <li>Derby, Earl of, K.G., - <a href="#Page_135">135</a></li> - <li>Despatches—</li> - <li class="i1">Mentioned in, Officers (App.)</li> - <li class="i1">Rank and File (App.)</li> - <li>Discipline, strained on G.W.R., - <a href="#Page_11">11</a></li> - <li>Disappointment when left behind, - <a href="#Page_15">15</a></li> - <li>Dixon, L/Cpl. T., - <a href="#Page_25">25</a></li> - <li>Dixon, Driver “Dorcas”, - <a href="#Page_44">44</a></li> - <li>Died of Wounds—</li> - <li class="i1">Officers (App.)</li> - <li class="i1">Rank and File (App.)</li> - <li>Distinguished Conduct Medal (App.)</li> - <li>Distinguished Service Order (App.)</li> - <li>Dobbs, L/Cpl. H., - <a href="#Page_102">102</a></li> - <li>Dungeness, - <a href="#Page_14">14</a></li> -</ul> - -<ul> - <li>East Lancs. Brigade, Possible transfer, - <a href="#Page_11">11</a></li> - <li>Edwards, Brig. General, - <a href="#Page_41">41</a></li> - <li>Egypt, possible destination, - <a href="#Page_11">11</a></li> - <li>Ellwood, Lieut., - <a href="#Page_88">88</a>, - <a href="#Page_93">93</a></li> - <li>Elverdinghe, - <a href="#Page_78">78</a></li> - <li>Embarkation for France, - <a href="#Page_14">14</a></li> - <li>Equipment, New, Bedford, - <a href="#Page_14">14</a></li> - <li>Equitation, - <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, - <a href="#Page_49">49</a></li> - <li>Estaires, - <a href="#Page_31">31</a></li> - <li>Evans, Major J. H., - <a href="#Page_81">81</a>, - <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, - <a href="#Page_94">94</a></li> -</ul> - -<ul> - <li>Ferme-du-Bois, - <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li> - <li>Festubert Attack, - <a href="#Page_22">22</a></li> - <li>Ferns, 2nd-Lt., - <a href="#Page_56">56</a>, - <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li> - <li>Ferguson, 2nd-Lt. G. W. (App.), - <a href="#Page_101">101</a></li> - <li>Fifty-First Division, - <a href="#Page_48">48</a></li> - <li>Fifty-Fifth Division, - <a href="#Page_48">48</a></li> - <li>Fisher, Capt. John (App.), - <a href="#Page_45">45</a></li> - <li>Fisher, 2nd-Lt. James (App.), - <a href="#Page_55">55</a></li> - <li>Field, 2nd-Lt. G. (App.), - <a href="#Page_101">101</a>, - <a href="#Page_104">104</a></li> - <li>Folkestone, - <a href="#Page_15">15</a></li> - <li>Ford, Lieut. C. W. (App.), - <a href="#Page_77">77</a>, - <a href="#Page_89">89</a></li> - <li>Fromelles, - <a href="#Page_16">16</a></li> -</ul> - -<ul> - <li class="hangingindent">Gardner, Lt. Col. R. (App.), - <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, - <a href="#Page_24">24</a>, - <a href="#Page_70">70</a>, - <a href="#Page_77">77</a>, - <a href="#Page_84">84</a>, - <a href="#Page_93">93</a>, - <a href="#Page_124">124</a>, - <a href="#Page_132">132</a>, - <a href="#Page_133">133</a>, - <a href="#Page_136">136</a></li> - <li>Gatchell, Lieut. J. H. C. (App.), - <a href="#Page_46">46</a></li> - <li>Gaulter, 2nd-Lt. J. R. (App.), - <a href="#Page_89">89</a></li> - <li>Gendle, C.S.M., - <a href="#Page_55">55</a></li> - <li>Gilling, 2nd-Lt. F. C. (App.), - <a href="#Page_89">89</a></li> - <li>Givenchy, - <a href="#Page_110">110</a></li> - <li>Glenie, 2nd-Lt. G. R. (App.), - <a href="#Page_69">69</a></li> - <li>Gough, 2nd-Lt. B. H. (App.), - <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li> - <li>Graham, C.S.M., - <a href="#Page_101">101</a></li> - <li>Great Western Railway, - <a href="#Page_9">9</a></li> - <li>Gribble, 2nd-Lt. (App.), - <a href="#Page_88">88</a></li> -</ul> - -<ul> - <li>Havre, - <a href="#Page_15">15</a></li> - <li>Ham-en-Artois, - <a href="#Page_16">16</a></li> - <li>Harper, Major-General, - <a href="#Page_29">29</a>, - <a href="#Page_41">41</a></li> - <li>Hart, 2nd-Lt. (App.), - <a href="#Page_79">79</a></li> - <li>Haslam, 2nd-Lt. E. (App.), - <a href="#Page_93">93</a></li> - <li>Hatcher, 2nd-Lt. R. G. (App.), - <a href="#Page_93">93</a>, - <a href="#Page_97">97</a></li> - <li>Hewitt, Lieut. E. (App.), - <a href="#Page_24">24</a></li> - <li>Hénencourt, - <a href="#Page_40">40</a></li> - <li>Hibbert, Brig. General, - <a href="#Page_7">7</a>, - <a href="#Page_41">41</a></li> - <li>Highland Division, - <a href="#Page_48">48</a></li> - <li>Hilton, 2nd-Lt. (App.), - <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li> - <li>Higginson, 2nd-Lt. R. W. (App.), - <a href="#Page_101">101</a>, - <a href="#Page_136">136</a></li> - <li>Hinds, C.Q.M.S., - <a href="#Page_102">102</a></li> - <li>His Majesty The King, - <a href="#Page_134">134</a></li> - <li>Hodgkinson, 2nd-Lt. H. H. (App.), - <a href="#Page_38">38</a>, - <a href="#Page_42">42</a>, - <a href="#Page_49">49</a>, - <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li> - <li>Holmes, Pte. “Jerry”, - <a href="#Page_56">56</a></li> - <li>Howard, 2nd-Lt. E. D. (App.), - <a href="#Page_93">93</a></li> - <li>Howard, 2nd-Lt. C. G. (App.), - <a href="#Page_97">97</a></li> - <li>Holland, 2nd-Lt. C. J. (App.), - <a href="#Page_101">101</a></li> - <li>Horne, Capt. R. H. (App.), - <a href="#Page_136">136</a></li> - <li>Horne, General Sir H. S., - <a href="#Page_109">109</a></li> - <li>Holmes, 2nd-Lt. (App.), - <a href="#Page_113">113</a></li> - <li>Huthwaite, Capt. H. Y. (App.), - <a href="#Page_54">54</a>, - <a href="#Page_66">66</a>, - <a href="#Page_77">77</a>, - <a href="#Page_78">78</a></li> - <li>Hunter-Weston, General Sir A., - <a href="#Page_79">79</a></li> - <li>Hunter, 2nd-Lt. (App.), - <a href="#Page_118">118</a>, - <a href="#Page_119">119</a></li> - <li>Hewitson, Cpl. J. (App.)</li> -</ul> - -<ul> - <li>Indian Native Troops, - <a href="#Page_16">16</a></li> - <li>Ireland, - <a href="#Page_9">9</a></li> -</ul> - -<ul> - <li>Jackson, Capt V. A. (App.), - <a href="#Page_42">42</a>, - <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li> - <li>Jackson, Pte. H., - <a href="#Page_75">75</a></li> - <li>Jackson, 2nd-Lt. (App.), - <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li> - <li>Jeudwine, Major Gen. Sir H., - <a href="#Page_48">48</a>, - <a href="#Page_54">54</a>, - <a href="#Page_57">57</a>, - <a href="#Page_67">67</a>, - <a href="#Page_104">104</a>, - <a href="#Page_135">135</a></li> - <li>Johnstone, 2nd-Lt. (App.), - <a href="#Page_57">57</a>, - <a href="#Page_89">89</a></li> -</ul> - -<ul> - <li>Keighley, 2nd-Lt. L. R. (App.), - <a href="#Page_100">100</a>, - <a href="#Page_104">104</a></li> - <li>Keller, 2nd-Lt. (App.), - <a href="#Page_41">41</a>, - <a href="#Page_55">55</a></li> - <li>King Albert of the Belgians, - <a href="#Page_135">135</a></li> - <li>Kirkby Lonsdale, - <a href="#Page_7">7</a></li> - <li>“Kitchener’s Army”, - <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, - <a href="#Page_37">37</a></li> - <li>Killed in Action—</li> - <li class="i1">Officers (App.)</li> - <li class="i1">Rank and File (App.)</li> - <li>Knole Park, - <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li> -</ul> - -<ul> - <li>La Gorgue, - <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, - <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li> - <li>Laventie, - <a href="#Page_27">27</a></li> - <li>La Boiselle, - <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, - <a href="#Page_38">38</a></li> - <li>Lambercourt, - <a href="#Page_68">68</a></li> - <li>Lawson, 2nd-Lt. (App.), - <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li> - <li>Lancashire Fusilier Officers, - <a href="#Page_77">77</a></li> - <li>Lauder, 2nd-Lt. (App.), - <a href="#Page_88">88</a></li> - <li>Latham, 2nd-Lt. (App.), - <a href="#Page_88">88</a>, - <a href="#Page_101">101</a></li> - <li>Le Touret, - <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, - <a href="#Page_26">26</a></li> - <li>Leave from France, - <a href="#Page_37">37</a></li> - <li>Leslie, Lieut. B. A. (App.), - <a href="#Page_38">38</a>, - <a href="#Page_67">67</a></li> - <li>Leuze, - <a href="#Page_133">133</a></li> - <li>Little, Major R. P. (App.), - <a href="#Page_46">46</a></li> - <li>Lincey, 2nd-Lt. (App.), - <a href="#Page_60">60</a></li> - <li>Lingford, 2nd-Lt. G. C. (App.), - <a href="#Page_96">96</a></li> - <li>Locon, - <a href="#Page_17">17</a></li> - <li>Longpré, - <a href="#Page_48">48</a></li> - <li>Longavesnes, - <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li> - <li>Lonsdale, 2nd-Lt. (App.), - <a href="#Page_88">88</a></li> - <li>Lockey, Cpl. E., - <a href="#Page_102">102</a></li> - <li>Lyon, 2nd-Lt. (App.), - <a href="#Page_113">113</a></li> -</ul> - -<ul> - <li>Margate, - <a href="#Page_13">13</a></li> - <li>Martin, L/Cpl. H., - <a href="#Page_39">39</a></li> - <li>Martinsart, - <a href="#Page_38">38</a></li> - <li>Mayson, Sgt. T. F. (App.), - <a href="#Page_87">87</a>, - <a href="#Page_94">94</a></li> - <li>Mawson, Major J. M. (App.), - <a href="#Page_50">50</a></li> - <li>Mackay, 2nd-Lt. J. (App.), - <a href="#Page_101">101</a>, - <a href="#Page_104">104</a></li> - <li>Masters, Cpl. W., - <a href="#Page_101">101</a></li> - <li>Meteren, - <a href="#Page_17">17</a></li> - <li>Méricourt-Ribemont, - <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, - <a href="#Page_59">59</a></li> - <li>Meyler, 2nd-Lt. E. D. M. (App.), - <a href="#Page_38">38</a></li> - <li>Metcalf, 2nd-Lt. L. (App.), - <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li> - <li>Metcalfe, 2nd-Lt. (App.), - <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li> - <li>Mentioned in Despatches—</li> - <li class="i1">Officers (App.)</li> - <li class="i1">Rank and File (App.)</li> - <li>Meritorious Service Medal (App.)</li> - <li>McCall, 2nd-Lt. W. B. (App.)</li> - <li>McClinton, 2nd-Lt. (App.)</li> - <li>McAlarney, Pte. J., - <a href="#Page_83">83</a></li> - <li>McGill, 2nd-Lt. J. A. (App.), - <a href="#Page_89">89</a></li> - <li>McAndrew, 2nd-Lt. W. (App.), - <a href="#Page_101">101</a></li> - <li>Middleton, Capt. T. H. (App.), - <a href="#Page_50">50</a>, - <a href="#Page_70">70</a>, - <a href="#Page_75">75</a>, - <a href="#Page_89">89</a></li> - <li>Missing—</li> - <li class="i1">Officers (App.)</li> - <li class="i1">Rank and File (App.)</li> - <li>Millom Men excel, - <a href="#Page_43">43</a></li> - <li>Milton, Pte. C., - <a href="#Page_75">75</a></li> - <li>Military Cross—</li> - <li class="i1">Officers (App.)</li> - <li class="i1">Warrant Officers (App.)</li> - <li class="i1">Medal (App.)</li> - <li>Mobilization, - <a href="#Page_7">7</a></li> - <li>Moulle, - <a href="#Page_81">81</a></li> - <li>Morrell, Capt. R. D’A. (App.), - <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li> - <li>Musketry, - <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li> - <li>Munition Workers, - <a href="#Page_15">15</a></li> - <li>Mudie, Lieut. (App.), - <a href="#Page_75">75</a>, - <a href="#Page_77">77</a>, - <a href="#Page_93">93</a></li> - <li>Myatt, 2nd-Lt. (App.), - <a href="#Page_50">50</a></li> - <li>Myers, Sgt. H., - <a href="#Page_102">102</a></li> -</ul> - -<ul> - <li>Neill, Capt. W. C. (App.), - <a href="#Page_53">53</a>, - <a href="#Page_55">55</a>, - <a href="#Page_56">56</a></li> - <li>New Army in France, - <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, - <a href="#Page_37">37</a></li> - <li>Newbold, 2nd-Lt. C. H. (App.), - <a href="#Page_88">88</a>, - <a href="#Page_97">97</a></li> - <li>Nicholson, Pte. W., - <a href="#Page_75">75</a></li> -</ul> - -<ul> - <li>Officers—</li> - <li class="i1">Who Mobilized with the Battalion (App.)</li> - <li class="i1">Who embarked for France (App.)</li> - <li class="hangingindent1">Additional Roll who served with the Battalion (App.)</li> - <li class="i1">Killed in Action (App.)</li> - <li class="i1">Died of Wounds (App.)</li> - <li class="i1">Wounded in Action (App.)</li> - <li class="i1">Missing (App.)</li> - <li class="i1">Prisoners of War (App.)</li> - <li class="i1">Awards (App.)</li> - <li class="i1">Mentioned in Despatches (App.)</li> -</ul> - -<ul> - <li>Pacaut, - <a href="#Page_26">26</a></li> - <li>Pattinson, Lieut. W. R. (App.), - <a href="#Page_77">77</a>, - <a href="#Page_89">89</a></li> - <li>Patterson, Lieut. J. S. (App.), - <a href="#Page_77">77</a></li> - <li>Pearson, Capt. W. G. (App.), - <a href="#Page_24">24</a></li> - <li>Pearson, Lieut. J. (App.), - <a href="#Page_77">77</a></li> - <li>Pearson, L/Sgt. J. R., - <a href="#Page_110">110</a></li> - <li>Perceval, Sgt. H. W., - <a href="#Page_75">75</a></li> - <li>Pemberton, 2nd-Lt. A. H. (App.), - <a href="#Page_101">101</a></li> - <li>Poperinghe, - <a href="#Page_74">74</a></li> - <li>Powell, Capt. P. W. (App.), - <a href="#Page_81">81</a>, - <a href="#Page_101">101</a>, - <a href="#Page_136">136</a></li> - <li>Portuguese Division, - <a href="#Page_111">111</a>, - <a href="#Page_114">114</a></li> - <li>Problems of Strength, - <a href="#Page_14">14</a></li> - <li>Primitive Conditions, - <a href="#Page_16">16</a></li> - <li>Procter, Capt. A. P. (App.), - <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, - <a href="#Page_95">95</a>, - <a href="#Page_100">100</a>, - <a href="#Page_101">101</a></li> - <li>Prisoners of War—</li> - <li class="i1">Officers (App.)</li> - <li class="i1">Rank and File (App.)</li> - <li>Pritchard, Lieut. T. H. (App.), - <a href="#Page_93">93</a>, - <a href="#Page_97">97</a>, - <a href="#Page_136">136</a></li> - <li>Prince of Wales, H.R.H., - <a href="#Page_135">135</a></li> - <li>Prince Albert, H.R.H., - <a href="#Page_135">135</a></li> - <li>Purnell, 2nd-Lt. R. L. (App.), - <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li> - <li>Purnell, 2nd-Lt. G. J., - <a href="#Page_38">38</a></li> -</ul> - -<ul> - <li>Raeside, 2nd-Lt. G. F. (App.), - <a href="#Page_101">101</a>, - <a href="#Page_113">113</a></li> - <li>Railway Wood, - <a href="#Page_76">76</a></li> - <li>Raid, Ypres, - <a href="#Page_78">78</a></li> - <li>Rank and File—</li> - <li class="i1">Killed in Action (App.)</li> - <li class="i1">Died of Wounds (App.)</li> - <li class="i1">Wounded in Action (App.)</li> - <li class="i1">Missing, Reported Dead (App.)</li> - <li class="i1">Wounded and Prisoners (App.)</li> - <li class="i1">Wounded and Missing (App.)</li> - <li class="i1">Missing (App.)</li> - <li class="i1">Prisoners of War (App.)</li> - <li class="i1">Awards (App.)</li> - <li>Redoubt, Le Touret, - <a href="#Page_19">19</a></li> - <li>Reclinghem, - <a href="#Page_108">108</a></li> - <li>Richebourg L’Avoue, - <a href="#Page_17">17</a></li> - <li>Riez-du-Vinage, - <a href="#Page_19">19</a></li> - <li>Riviere, - <a href="#Page_54">54</a></li> - <li>Rigg, 2nd-Lt. A. (App.), - <a href="#Page_131">131</a></li> - <li>Robathan, Major P. E. (App.), - <a href="#Page_73">73</a>, - <a href="#Page_80">80</a>, - <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, - <a href="#Page_93">93</a>, - <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li> - <li>Robinson, Pte. E. G., - <a href="#Page_102">102</a></li> - <li>Rutherford, Major A. F. (App.), - <a href="#Page_45">45</a></li> - <li>Rudduck, 2nd-Lt. (App.), - <a href="#Page_63">63</a></li> - <li>Rundle, 2nd-Lt. J. R. (App.), - <a href="#Page_101">101</a>, - <a href="#Page_104">104</a></li> - <li>Russell, 2nd-Lt. G. N. (App.), - <a href="#Page_101">101</a></li> - <li>Rudall, 2nd-Lt. A. (App.), - <a href="#Page_124">124</a></li> -</ul> - -<ul> - <li>Sandwich, - <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li> - <li>Sevenoaks, - <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li> - <li>Senton, 2nd-Lt. R. M. (App.), - <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, - <a href="#Page_97">97</a></li> - <li>Shoreham, - <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li> - <li>Shuker, 2nd-Lt. F. J. (App.), - <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li> - <li>Sittingbourne, - <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li> - <li>Sheahan, Lieut. A. T. (App.), - <a href="#Page_77">77</a></li> - <li>Simpson, Lieut. J. H. (App.), - <a href="#Page_77">77</a></li> - <li>Slater, Capt. F. C. (App.), - <a href="#Page_77">77</a></li> - <li>Smith, 2nd-Lt. (App.), - <a href="#Page_79">79</a></li> - <li>Smith, 2nd-Lt. R. (App.), - <a href="#Page_101">101</a>, - <a href="#Page_104">104</a></li> - <li>Smith, 2nd-Lt. N. (App.), - <a href="#Page_101">101</a></li> - <li>Slough, - <a href="#Page_9">9</a></li> - <li>Snipers, Civilian, - <a href="#Page_30">30</a></li> - <li>Southampton, - <a href="#Page_15">15</a></li> - <li>Somme Battles, - <a href="#Page_60">60–72</a></li> - <li>Sports, Tonbridge, - <a href="#Page_14">14</a></li> - <li>Stockwell, Brig. General G. I., - <a href="#Page_75">75</a>, - <a href="#Page_85">85</a>, - <a href="#Page_109">109</a>, - <a href="#Page_120">120</a>, - <a href="#Page_135">135</a></li> - <li>St. Omer, - <a href="#Page_82">82</a></li> - <li>St. Emilie, - <a href="#Page_101">101</a></li> - <li>Stalker, Sgt. P., - <a href="#Page_75">75</a></li> - <li>Stewart, 2nd-Lt. W. M. (App.), - <a href="#Page_101">101</a>, - <a href="#Page_118">118</a></li> - <li>Strength Problems, - <a href="#Page_14">14</a></li> - <li>Swainson, Lt. Col. J. L. (App.), - <a href="#Page_57">57</a>, - <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li> - <li>Sykes, Capt. H. R. (App.)</li> - <li>Sykes, 2nd-Lt. J. H. (App.), - <a href="#Page_101">101</a>, - <a href="#Page_104">104</a>, - <a href="#Page_118">118</a></li> -</ul> - -<ul> - <li>Taylor, Lieut. G. F. (App.), - <a href="#Page_21">21</a>, - <a href="#Page_23">23</a></li> - <li>Taylor, 2nd-Lt. G. A. (App.), - <a href="#Page_97">97</a>, - <a href="#Page_101">101</a></li> - <li>Taylor, 2nd-Lt. P. C. (App.), - <a href="#Page_89">89</a></li> - <li>Thirty-First July, - <a href="#Page_82">82–91</a></li> - <li>Thorpe, 2nd-Lt. (App.), - <a href="#Page_55">55</a></li> - <li>Thorpe, 2nd-Lt. A. J. (App.), - <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li> - <li>Thompson, Lt. Col. R. (App.), - <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, - <a href="#Page_27">27</a>, - <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, - <a href="#Page_38">38</a>, - <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li> - <li>Thompson, 2nd-Lt. J. (App.), - <a href="#Page_97">97</a></li> - <li>Tillyard, Capt. (App.), - <a href="#Page_31">31</a>, - <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, - <a href="#Page_42">42</a>, - <a href="#Page_50">50</a></li> - <li>Titmas, Capt. (App.), - <a href="#Page_45">45</a></li> - <li>Tonbridge, - <a href="#Page_13">13</a></li> - <li>Topham, Lieut. G. (App.), - <a href="#Page_77">77</a></li> - <li>Transport, Early, - <a href="#Page_8">8</a></li> - <li>Transport, New, Bedford, - <a href="#Page_14">14</a></li> - <li>Training, Sevenoaks, - <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li> - <li>Transfers, T. F. to Line, - <a href="#Page_14">14</a></li> - <li>Trenches, First Introduction, - <a href="#Page_18">18</a></li> - <li>Trenches, Dilapidated, - <a href="#Page_19">19</a></li> - <li>Twentieth September, - <a href="#Page_94">94–99</a></li> - <li>Twentieth November, - <a href="#Page_102">102</a></li> - <li>Tucker, Lieut. (App.), - <a href="#Page_124">124</a>, - <a href="#Page_131">131</a>, - <a href="#Page_135">135</a></li> -</ul> - -<ul> - <li>Uccle, - <a href="#Page_134">134</a></li> - <li>Ulverston, - <a href="#Page_9">9</a>, - <a href="#Page_136">136</a></li> -</ul> - -<ul> - <li>Valour, Bronze Medal (App.)</li> - <li>Veevers, 2nd-Lt. (App.), - <a href="#Page_93">93</a></li> - <li>Vickers Munition Workers, - <a href="#Page_15">15</a></li> - <li>Victoria Cross (App.)</li> - <li>Vincent, Pte. J., - <a href="#Page_42">42</a></li> -</ul> - -<ul> - <li>Wadham, Lt. Col. W. F. A. (App.), - <a href="#Page_7">7</a>, - <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, - <a href="#Page_21">21</a>, - <a href="#Page_136">136</a></li> - <li>Ward, 2nd-Lt. (App.), - <a href="#Page_41">41</a>, - <a href="#Page_46">46</a></li> - <li>Way, Capt. J. (App.), - <a href="#Page_75">75</a>, - <a href="#Page_93">93</a></li> - <li>Walker, 2nd-Lt. (App.), - <a href="#Page_24">24</a></li> - <li>Walker, 2nd-Lt. S. F. (App.), - <a href="#Page_66">66</a>, - <a href="#Page_89">89</a></li> - <li>Walkden, 2nd-Lt. (App.), - <a href="#Page_100">100</a></li> - <li>Warbrick, 2nd-Lt. (App.), - <a href="#Page_89">89</a></li> - <li>West Lancashire Division, - <a href="#Page_48">48</a></li> - <li>Welch, Lieut. J. (App.), - <a href="#Page_50">50</a>, - <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li> - <li>White, 2nd-Lt. E. T. (App.), - <a href="#Page_93">93</a>, - <a href="#Page_96">96</a></li> - <li>Whittaker, 2nd-Lt. N. (App.), - <a href="#Page_93">93</a></li> - <li>Whiteside, L/Sgt. W., - <a href="#Page_102">102</a></li> - <li>Whitmore, 2nd-Lt. (App.), - <a href="#Page_118">118</a></li> - <li>Wilderness, The, - <a href="#Page_12">12</a></li> - <li>Wilson, Capt. (App.), - <a href="#Page_53">53</a>, - <a href="#Page_94">94</a></li> - <li>Winnicott, L/Cpl. D. J., - <a href="#Page_50">50</a></li> - <li>Wilcock, 2nd-Lt. J. M. (App.), - <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li> - <li>Withey, Capt. C. E. (App.), - <a href="#Page_66">66</a>, - <a href="#Page_88">88</a>, - <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, - <a href="#Page_96">96</a></li> - <li>Williams, C.S.M., R. A., - <a href="#Page_75">75</a></li> - <li>Williamson, Capt. F. H. (App.), - <a href="#Page_77">77</a></li> - <li>Willett, 2nd-Lt. R. (App.), - <a href="#Page_77">77</a></li> - <li>Wild, Pte. J., - <a href="#Page_102">102</a></li> - <li>Woodward, L/Cpl., - <a href="#Page_38">38</a></li> - <li>Wounded in Action—</li> - <li class="i1">Officers (App.)</li> - <li class="i1">Rank and File (App.)</li> - <li class="i1">and Prisoners (App.)</li> - <li class="i1">and Missing (App.)</li> - <li>Wright, Capt. A. A. (App.), - <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, - <a href="#Page_51">51</a>, - <a href="#Page_66">66</a></li> - <li>Wright, Cpl. T., - <a href="#Page_102">102</a></li> -</ul> - -<ul> - <li>Yates, Sgt. F. S., - <a href="#Page_101">101</a></li> - <li> - <a href="#Page_73">Ypres, 73–96</a></li> -</ul> - - -<p class="center p-left sm"><span class="smcap">Crowther & Goodman</span>,<br /> -PRINTERS,<br /> -<span class="smcap">124, Fenchurch Street, London, E.C.3.</span></p> - - -<p class="transnote">Transcriber’s Note:<br /> - -Obvious printer’s, spelling and punctuation errors have been silently corrected.</p> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE FOURTH BATTALION, THE KING'S OWN (ROYAL LANCASTER REGIMENT) AND THE GREAT WAR ***</div> -<div style='text-align:left'> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will -be renamed. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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