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Stockman</p> -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online -at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you -are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the -country where you are located before using this eBook. -</div> - -<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: The Sixth Marine Division</p> -<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: James R. Stockman</p> -<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: January 31, 2022 [eBook #67293]</p> -<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</p> - <p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; text-align:left'>Produced by: Brian Coe, David King, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net. (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive.)</p> -<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE SIXTH MARINE DIVISION ***</div> - -<div class='figcenter id001'> -<img src='images/cover.jpg' alt='' class='ig001' /> -</div> -<div class='pbb'> - <hr class='pb c000' /> -</div> - -<div> - <a id='Page_i'></a> - <h1 class='c001'>The Sixth Marine Division</h1> -</div> - -<div class='nf-center-c1'> -<div class='nf-center c002'> - <div><a id='Page_3'></a><span class='xxlarge'><b>THE SIXTH MARINE DIVISION</b></span></div> - <div class='c000'><span class='large'><b><i>Prepared By</i></b></span></div> - <div class='c000'><span class='xxlarge'><b>James R. Stockman</b></span></div> - <div><span class='large'><b>Captain, U. S. Marine Corps</b></span></div> - <div class='c000'>HISTORICAL DIVISION</div> - <div>HEADQUARTERS, U. S. MARINE CORPS</div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='figcenter id002'> -<a id='Page_5'></a><img src='images/map01.jpg' alt='Map 1. Movements of the 6th Marine Division.' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic002'> -<p>Map 1. Movements of the 6th Marine Division.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class='figcenter id002'> -<a id='Page_6'></a><img src='images/map02.jpg' alt='Map 2. Okinawa Shima. Area Captured by 6th Marine Division.' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic002'> -<p>Map 2. Okinawa Shima. Area Captured by 6th Marine Division. 1 April-21 June.</p> -</div> -</div> -<div class='chapter'> - <a id='Page_7'></a> - <h2 class='c003'>1. ORIGIN</h2> -</div> -<p class='c004'>Last of the famous Marine divisions of World War <abbr title='two'>II</abbr>, the Sixth was activated on -7 September 1944 on Guadalcanal, the same island that the First Marine Division had -landed on exactly twenty five months before. Although the Sixth Marine Division was -new in name, the elements that composed it were, for the most part, as old as the -war itself. From the First Provisional Brigade that had fought so notably on Guam -came two regiments: the Fourth Marines and the Twenty Second Marines. The other -regiment of the new division came from Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, where it was -organized, with the exception of its First Battalion, by Colonel Victor <abbr class='spell'>F.</abbr> Bleasdale from -handpicked officers and men.</p> - -<p class='c005'>In command of the new division was Major General Lemuel <abbr class='spell'>C.</abbr> Shepherd, <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr>, -who had had a varied and colorful career in this war. He had trained the Ninth Marines, -afterwards a part of the Third Marine Division, and was later Assistant Division Commander -of the First Marine Division during the Gloucester operation in New Britain. -When the landings on Guam were made in July of 1944, General Shepherd (then a Brigadier) -was in command of the First Provisional Marine Brigade. His Brigade, consisting -of the Fourth and Twenty Second Marines plus reinforcing elements, fought notably on -Guam and received the Navy Unit Commendation for its excellent record.</p> - -<p class='c005'>The Assistant Division Commander was Brigadier General William <abbr class='spell'>T.</abbr> Clement, <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr>, -another colorful figure. On the staff of Admiral Thomas Hart in the Philippines at the -outbreak of the war, General Clement (then a Colonel) left Corregidor on a submarine. -Later he served in London, and for a while was Commandant of the Marine Corps -Schools at Quantico before returning to the Pacific.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Of the three regiments the Twenty Second Marines was the oldest. It was formed -at San Diego in June, 1942, and the following month left for Samoa where it remained -as a part of the defense force until the fall of 1943. After an extensive training period -the regiment left Samoa and sailed to the island of Hawaii to prepare for the Marshalls -Campaign. During the Kwajalein phase it acted as a reserve and after the rapid capture -of Roi and Namur by the Fourth Marine Division, the Twenty Second Marines, -in accordance with the resulting speed-up in the Central Pacific timetable, went on to -assault Eniwetok in the Western Marshalls. After a brief but bloody fight for Eniwetok, -the regiment seized and occupied numerous adjoining islands. From Eniwetok the -Twenty Second Marines went to Guadalcanal and trained there for the Guam Campaign. -On 21 July 1944, the regiment landed on Guam on <abbr class='spell'>W</abbr>-Day as a part of the First Provisional -Brigade. It drove inland against heavy resistance and then turned to seal off -Orote Peninsula. In conjunction with the Fourth Marines, the Twenty Second drove the -length of the peninsula and destroyed the enemy emplaced there.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Activated on 8 January 1944, the Fourth Marines was formed from veteran units—the -four Marine Raider Battalions. It took its name from the famous Marine regiment -that had been lost on Bataan. Its officers and men had seen action at Tulagi, Guadalcanal, -Makin, New Georgia, Bougainville; later at Guam, and abreast of the Twenty -Second Marines the new regiment received as such, its baptism of fire, when it landed -on 21 July 1944. After fighting its way inland and seizing <abbr title='mount'>Mt.</abbr> Alifan, the regiment joined -the Twenty Second to reduce heavily defended Orote Peninsula. The Fourth Marines -had been on one operation previous to Guam; it had seized the island of Emirau in -the St. Matthias Group, and although the operation was bloodless, it was a triumph in -planning and execution.</p> - -<p class='c005'><a id='Page_8'></a>On 1 May 1944, the major part of the Twenty Ninth Marines was activated at Camp -Lejeune, New River, North Carolina. Two battalions were formed from the pick of officers -and men in the eastern part of the United States at that time. These battalions were -composed of some veterans but the greater part had no previous combat experience. -With reinforcing elements, the regiment (less its First Battalion) crossed the United -States by rail and sailed to Guadalcanal in August. The First Battalion joined the -regiment on Guadalcanal in early October. It had been activated from Second Marine -Division troops on Hawaii in February, 1944. First called the Second Separate Infantry -Battalion, it trained for a brief time on Hawaii and then went to Saipan for that -operation, attached to the Second Division. Landing on D-Day the battalion, now called -the First Battalion, Twenty Ninth Marines, was attached to the Eighth Marines and -to it fell the task of capturing <abbr title='mount'>Mt.</abbr> Tapotchau, the commanding terrain on Saipan. Its -losses were heavy—over 60%—and the battalion therefore was not used in the Tinian -operation, which followed.</p> - -<p class='c005'>From the reinforcing elements of the First Provisional Brigade were formed, in -large part, the Sixth Tank Battalion, Sixth Pioneer Battalion, the Sixth Engineer Battalion, -and the division’s artillery regiment, the Fifteenth Marines.</p> -<div class='chapter'> - <h2 class='c003'>2. TRAINING AND PREPARATIONS</h2> -</div> -<p class='c004'>When the Sixth Marine Division began its training program for its first—and only—operation, -it had several initial advantages: Over two thirds of its officers and men were -veterans, well schooled in the ways of the wily Japanese; it started off with the experience -gained from nearly four years of war; the structure of the entire division was -organized to benefit from this experience. Through October, 1944, and on into February, -1945, the division trained vigorously. Special emphasis was placed on individual marksmanship, -combat firing exercises employing all weapons and arms, night problems, flame-thrower-demolition -teams, tank-infantry problems, and air-ground problems. Training -was concluded with an eight day division problem illustrating tactical principles for -large unit employment. All through the training period General Shepherd strove to -indoctrinate his division with the spirit of attack; that it was cheaper to drive ahead -in unrelenting assault than to hesitate trying to find easier ways of achieving the objective -while troops remained in contact with the enemy. This indoctrination was to pay -dividends on Okinawa when forward progress seemed impossible.</p> -<div class='chapter'> - <h2 class='c003'>3. MOVEMENT TO TARGET</h2> -</div> -<p class='c004'>During the period 1-6 March 1945, the Sixth Marine Division was aboard ship engaged -in amphibious landing rehearsals for the Okinawa operation. On the first day -troops practiced debarkation and deployment of landing craft; on the next two days -the two assault regiments, the Fourth and Twenty Second, landed on the beaches of -Guadalcanal and practiced limited maneuvers ashore. Then followed a critique and -on the next day there was a full-scale dress rehearsal. Although limited in their extent, -the rehearsals were quite satisfactory.</p> - -<p class='c005'>After breaking camp ashore, the division re-embarked to sail for the staging area, -Ulithi, on 15 March. At Ulithi, a little atoll in the Caroline Islands, the division joined -the enormous task force assembling there for the invasion of Okinawa. Training was -carried out aboard ship and final preparations made for the target. By now the troops -were aware of their destination and the force designated to land there. They were told -that the Sixth Marine Division would land simultaneously with, and on the left of, the -<a id='Page_9'></a>First Marine Division, as a part of the <abbr title='third'>III</abbr> Amphibious Corps. South of the Marines a -corps of Army, the <abbr title='twenty-fourth'>XXIV</abbr>, would land. Both of the corps were components of a larger -force—the new Tenth Army.</p> - -<p class='c005'>On the way to Ulithi, while there, and on the way to the target the men were given -a thorough briefing. General Shepherd made it plain that every man should know not -only his assigned task, but that of his own unit, and of adjacent units, as well as the -general scheme of maneuver. In the briefing aboard ship the men learned that Okinawa -had a population of some 450,000 civilians; that there were roughly 70,000 Japanese -soldiers on the island. They also learned something about its geography, its towns, roads, -rivers and terrain.</p> - -<p class='c005'>While at Ulithi the troops were taken ashore on the little island of Mog Mog for -rest and rehabilitation. During the staging period assault troops were transferred to -<abbr class='spell'>LST’s</abbr> for the last part of the journey. On 27 March the Sixth Marine Division left -Ulithi, loaded in 13 <abbr class='spell'>APA’s</abbr>, 24 <abbr class='spell'>LST’s</abbr> and one <abbr class='spell'>LSD</abbr>, and encountered heavy rains and -cooler weather as the convoy moved north.</p> -<div class='chapter'> - <h2 class='c003'>4. OKINAWA</h2> -</div> -<p class='c004'>Easter Sunday, 1 April 1945, was Love-Day for the Okinawa operation. With the -bright clear dawn came enemy planes but the invading armada—over 1400 ships—drove -off or destroyed the attacking planes. From the transports the troops could only -see small portions of the island; the preliminary bombardment from the naval task -force and the bombs from our planes, diving through the clouds, raised a haze of -smoke and dust that covered most of the area behind the landing beaches.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Forming into long waves, the Fourth and Twenty Second Marines, loaded in amphibious -tractors, churned toward the beaches, over the coral reef, and landed at 0837. Every -man went in with the expectation that this beachhead, like Tarawa, Saipan, and Iwo, -would be a bloody one; they were surprised but not entirely relieved to find virtually -no enemy opposition to the landing. Rapidly, units organized and moved inland and -up across the terraced fields that led to Yontan Airfield. By noon the Fourth Marines -had seized Yontan and the Twenty Second Marines were advancing as rapidly on the -left. By late afternoon the two regiments had reached a line tentatively set to be -reached on the second day and as yet had not found the enemy. To the left of the Twenty -Second Marines lay a little peninsula jutting out to the northwest, named Zampa Misaki. -It seemed likely that an enemy force might be there; General Shepherd requested <abbr title='third'>III</abbr> -Amphibious Corps to release from its reserve one battalion of the Twenty Ninth Marines. -The First Battalion was released to division and placed to protect the division’s -left flank. Troops dug in for the night with mixed emotions. Everyone was extremely -grateful that the landing had not been a bloody one; still there was a certain apprehension -felt: Where was the enemy? When would he attack?</p> - -<p class='c005'>Love-Day had been successful beyond the wildest hopes; the division was ashore -safely, in a good position, and had already secured its first objective. Yontan Airfield -was firmly in our hands and had not been badly damaged. The enemy defensive positions -constructed to guard the field were strangely empty. Casualties were negligible; the -landing had been easy.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Now the Sixth Marine Division moved rapidly to cut the island in two. In conjunction -with the First Marine Division which was making the main effort, the Fourth -and Twenty Second Marines drove quickly to the east and, despite some opposition -from small isolated enemy pockets, reached the east coast on 4 April. Turning to the -<a id='Page_10'></a>north, the division began to seize the Ishikawa Isthmus. Averaging nearly 7000 yards -each day the troops pushed up the isthmus and by 7 April had reached Nago at the -base of Motobu Peninsula.</p> -<div class='chapter'> - <h2 class='c003'>5. BATTLE FOR MOTOBU</h2> -</div> -<p class='c004'>It was General Shepherd’s plan to have the Twenty Second and Fourth continue -the drive up the mainland of Okinawa until Hedo Misaki was seized. To destroy the -enemy known to be on Motobu, the General committed the Twenty Ninth Marines, -which had been in Corps reserve during the first four days of the operation. For the -time being, the Fourth Marines was held as a reserve near the base of the peninsula. -Patrolling continued.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Many captured enemy soldiers and civilians had stated that the main Japanese -defensive force was in southern Okinawa but that a force of about 3000 men, commanded -by a Colonel Udo, was somewhere up north, probably on Motobu. Aerial observation -and photo terrain studies confirmed indications that there was a sizeable enemy force -on the peninsula. On 8 April the Twenty Ninth Marines moved out in three columns, -one along the south coast, one along the north coast and one up the center toward -the town of Itomi. At first progress was rapid and there were few contacts made; -it was noted, however, that all inland trails were mined or blocked. The coast roads -had numerous roadblocks and tank traps. By 10 April the Third Battalion, Twenty -Ninth, was at Toguchi and had been hit by enemy artillery fire near Awa. Near Toguchi, -on the Manna road, it had contacted Udo’s force. West of Itomi the First Battalion -was also in contact with what was apparently the same force. Meanwhile the Second -Battalion had captured the enemy midget submarine base at Unten Ko but had encountered -no appreciable resistance.</p> - -<p class='c005'>During the next three days the battalions were in almost constant contact with -Udo’s forces. Ambushes were frequent but the enemy could not be engaged in any decisive -action. It was clear that he was engaged in guerrilla-type warfare and wanted -to harass our troops but was trying to avoid a meeting engagement. By 13 April the -enemy position was definitely fixed as being in the <abbr title='mount'>Mt.</abbr> Yaetake area; it was known -that he had considerable artillery, mortars, and a few naval guns emplaced in hidden -positions in the wild and rugged mountain mass.</p> - -<p class='c005'><abbr title='Mount'>Mt.</abbr> Yaetake provided Colonel Udo with ideal ground for defensive positions. Here -he had unlimited observation in every direction; it was impossible to attack him without -warning. The rugged character of the terrain prohibited the use of mechanized -support in the reduction of his positions.</p> - -<p class='c005'>While the Twenty Ninth Marines were fixing the enemy position and determining -its character and strength, General Shepherd saw that he would need additional troops -to destroy Udo’s force. His tactical decision was to move the Fourth Marines, less the -Third Battalion, to Sakimotobu on the western side of the peninsula and attach to it -the Third Battalion, Twenty Ninth Marines which was near by. Then he ordered a -coordinated attack for 14 April with the Fourth Marines driving into Yaetake in an -easterly direction while the Twenty Ninth Marines, with two battalions, near Itomi, attacked -to the west and southwest. Udo would be hit from front and rear.</p> - -<div class='figcenter id002'> -<img src='images/map03.jpg' alt='Map 3. 4th Marines Battle for Mt. Yaetake.' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic002'> -<p>Map 3. 4th Marines Battle for Mt. Yaetake.</p> -</div> -</div> - -<p class='c005'>On 14 April the Fourth Marines, commanded by Colonel Alan Shapley with the -Third Battalion, Twenty Ninth, attached, moved rapidly inland to seize the first high -ground from which to launch the attack on <abbr title='mount'>Mt.</abbr> Yaetake. The Twenty Ninth Marines -found enemy dispositions to its front in such strength and on such unfavorable ground, -<a id='Page_13'></a>that it was virtually impossible to attack in a southwesterly direction.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Resuming the attack on 15 April the Fourth Marines drove up the approaches to -Mt. Yaetake; fighting was bitter with one battalion commander killed and several company -commanders casualties. The First Battalion, Fourth Marines, seized a key hill mass -southwest of the Yaetake peak against heavy resistance. Over rugged terrain the Twenty -Ninth Marines continued to advance into the rear of Udo’s position against intermittent -resistance.</p> - -<div class='figcenter id002'> -<img src='images/map04.jpg' alt='Map 4. Battle for Mt. Yaetake.' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic002'> -<p>Map 4. Battle for Mt. Yaetake.</p> -</div> -</div> - -<p class='c005'>Next day, 16 April, the Sixth Marine Division prepared to attack the enemy from three -sides. The First Battalion, Twenty Second Marines, which had been in immediate reserve -near Awa, was ordered to advance to the north to close the gap between the two attacking -regiments. After a day of extremely hard fighting the Fourth Marines seized <abbr title='mount'>Mt.</abbr> Yaetake -and held it despite an all-out Banzai charge. Meanwhile, the Twenty Ninth Marines, now -under Colonel William <abbr class='spell'>J.</abbr> Whaling, <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr>, had swung its front to the west and north, -destroying fixed emplacements and enemy groups as it moved.</p> - -<p class='c005'>With Udo’s force caught in the jaws of a giant nutcracker, and driven from the commanding -ground in its position, the Fourth Marines changed its tactics. Colonel Shapley -ordered his two left battalions, facing east, to initiate a holding attack on 17 April, while -the two right battalions drove down from <abbr title='mount'>Mt.</abbr> Yaetake to the north with the mission of -seizing the Manna Road. The situation on this day then, was for the two battalions to -sweep down a corridor formed by the First and Second Battalions, Twenty Ninth, on the -east and the Second Battalion, Fourth Marines, and Third Battalion, Twenty Ninth, on -the west. Down from Yaetake and through the corridor swept the First and Third Battalions, -Fourth Marines, mopping up enemy remnants as they went. Nightfall saw both -regiments on the first hills south of the Toguchi-Itomi road, the road that ran through -Manna.</p> - -<p class='c005'>On 19 April the Sixth Marine Division began a coordinated drive to secure the high -ground remaining between the Toguchi-Itomi road and the north coast of the peninsula. -On the left was the Fourth Marines; next to it, the First and Second Battalions, Twenty -Ninth Marines. From Toguchi, the Third Battalion, Twenty Ninth moved by truck to -Itomi and struck out through the hills toward the highest hill mass in the northern part -of Motobu, which was seized next morning. On 20 April, the drive continued and both -regiments reached the north coast without difficulty. Little opposition had been found -in this last sweep, but it was known that several hundred enemy troops had escaped from -Motobu and were somewhere in northern Okinawa.</p> - -<p class='c005'>The battle for Motobu had challenged the Sixth Division with mountain warfare of -the most rugged sort. It was costly: the Sixth Marine Division lost 207 men killed, 757 -wounded and 6 missing in action. In contrast, the enemy lost 2,014 men killed. Captured -enemy material included 11 field pieces of 75 and 150-<abbr class='spell'>mm</abbr>. calibre, two six-inch naval cannon -and large numbers of mortars, machine guns and 20-<abbr class='spell'>mm</abbr>. dual purpose guns.</p> - -<p class='c005'>While the other two regiments were fighting on Motobu, the Twenty Second Marines, -commanded by Colonel Merlin <abbr class='spell'>F.</abbr> Schneider, <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr>, continued its march up the northern -part of the mainland. On 13 April the Second Battalion moved by forced march to seize -Hedo Misaki, the northern tip of the island. Scattered resistance was encountered during -the march. Upon occupying Hedo Misaki, the regiment sent patrols down the east coast -and on 19 April, patrols from the north and south met on the east coast at Aha. By -20 April all of Okinawa north of the original landing beaches had been secured by the -Sixth Marine Division; it was known, however, that several small enemy groups still -remained at large.</p> - -<p class='c005'><a id='Page_14'></a>The first of these isolated enemy groups to be located was one consisting of about -200 men. It was contacted by the First Battalion, Twenty Second Marines, near Taniyo-take, -a hill mass southeast of Motobu Peninsula. After two days of heavy fighting most -of the enemy band was destroyed although a few escaped to join another remnant of the -Motobu action. By 27 April this group had been located and from Hentona two battalions -of the Twenty Second Marines advanced toward the suspected area in a forced night -march. Meanwhile from Kawada the Third Battalion, Fourth Marines hurried inland and -made contact by noon. After considerable maneuvering, the battalion outflanked the -enemy and forced him to fight on unfavorable ground. Most of the group was destroyed; -a handful escaped.</p> -<div class='chapter'> - <h2 class='c003'>6. BATTLE FOR NAHA</h2> -</div> -<p class='c004'>During the latter part of April the Tenth Army had found its <abbr title='twenty-fourth'>XXIV</abbr> Corps heavily -engaged in southern Okinawa. It was decided that the <abbr title='third'>III</abbr> Amphibious Corps would be -assigned the western half of the southern line on about 7 May. It was further decided -that on 1 May the First Marine Division would be attached to the <abbr title='twenty-fourth'>XXIV</abbr> Corps and committed -in the vicinity of Machinato Airfield. Its mission was clear out the Jichaku plateau -area and then strike toward Shuri, the core of the Japanese defensive position. The Sixth -Marine Division would then be committed on the right of the First Division.</p> - -<p class='c005'>All through the last week in April, the Sixth Division patrolled and garrisoned -northern Okinawa. Preparations were made for the move to the south. The regiments -rested, re-equipped themselves and received replacements. During the month of April -the division had traveled over 84 miles, seized 436 square miles of enemy territory, captured -46 prisoners and killed nearly 2,500 of the enemy. In the same period the division -had lost 236 men killed and 1,061 wounded in action.</p> - -<p class='c005'>On 2 May the division began to move southward to assembly areas near Chibana, -east of the original landing beaches. The responsibility for the defense of northern -Okinawa passed from the Sixth Marine Division to the Twenty Seventh Infantry Division -on 4 May.</p> - -<p class='c005'>According to Tenth Army order, the <abbr title='third'>III</abbr> Amphibious Corps was to assume responsibility -for the western portion of the southern front on 7 May. The First Marine Division -was already committed and was fighting to secure the high ground north and northeast -of the Asa River. The Sixth Marine Division was ordered to commit one regimental -combat team on the right of the First Division on 8 May. General Shepherd chose the -Twenty Second Marines to be committed first. Its mission was to cross the Asa and seize -the first high ground to the south. From here, the division could attack to carry out its -mission, which was: To seize Naha and the line of the Kokuba River in its zone of action, -to assist the First Marine Division by fire and maneuver, and to protect the Corps’ right -(west) flank.</p> - -<div class='figcenter id002'> -<img src='images/map05.jpg' alt='Map 5. Final Drive. Motobu Peninsula.' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic002'> -<p>Map 5. Final Drive. Motobu Peninsula.</p> -</div> -</div> - -<p class='c005'>All during the fighting on Motobu, the men of the Sixth Marine Division had heard -stories of the fighting down south. They knew that the Tenth Army had uncovered the -main Japanese defensive positions; that the enemy had chosen rough hilly ground across -a narrow part of the island. The enemy was well dug in on a high and broken hill mass -which took its name from its geographical center—Shuri. The line, or series of lines -really, ran from north of Naha through Shuri to Yonabaru on the east coast. They had -heard that the <abbr title='twenty-fourth'>XXIV</abbr> Corps had run into a virtual stalemate; that some sixty thousand -of the enemy were offering fierce resistance from concealed positions; that the enemy -was using mortars and artillery on an unprecedented scale; and that the enemy troops -in southern Okinawa were excellent soldiers, well disciplined, and well prepared to fight -<a id='Page_17'></a>a long and costly campaign. Before the second week in May had passed the men were -certain that none of the stories were exaggerated.</p> - -<p class='c005'>In the new zone of action, the Sixth Marine Division launched its first attack when -it sent the Twenty Second Marines across the Asa River in the early morning hours of -10 May. Patrols had crossed the river on the previous day and reconnoitered the ground -to its immediate south. The only bridge across the river in this sector had been totally -destroyed. Through the night of 9-10 May, the Sixth Engineer Battalion worked to construct -a footbridge. Although the little bridge was finally completed in time for the -pre-dawn attack, a group of the enemy carrying demolitions packs succeeded in destroying -themselves and a section of the bridge before many of the Marines got across.</p> - -<p class='c005'>At 0330, 10 May, the First and Third Battalions of the Twenty Second Marines crossed -the Asa; the First waded across upstream on the regiment’s left, while the Third started -to use the footbridge. When it was destroyed, the battalion was forced to go upstream -and wade across. At first enemy resistance was light, but as the Japanese became aware -of this threat to their left flank, opposition became fierce. Despite heavy artillery, mortar, -and small arms fire, the troops moved on up the first ridges. By nightfall, and after a -day of heavy casualties, a bridgehead 1400 yards wide and about 400 yards deep had -been established.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Next morning the reserve battalion of the Twenty Second Marines, the Second, was -committed to cover the left flank of the First which was fighting to reduce an enemy -stronghold on a formidable coral hill southeast of Asa village. When flanking action -failed to secure the hill, the troops withdrew so that naval gunfire from the USS Indianapolis -could be utilized. In the meantime the engineers labored under sporadic enemy -fire to construct a Bailey Bridge across the Asa, where the footbridge had been. About -noon the structure was completed and tanks roared across to support the troops. With -the added fire power of the tanks, the First Battalion attacked the hill again, this time -successfully. Over on the right, the Third Battalion fought for three hours before -capturing the precipitous cliff area in its zone of action.</p> - -<p class='c005'>On 12 May the Twenty Second Marines, with all three battalions in the line, continued -to advance despite increasing enemy resistance. Not only was the regiment receiving -fire from its front, but also from the left flank, where the enemy in his positions -on Wana Ridge and the Shuri heights could observe troop movements and bring fire to -bear at an instant’s notice. As it became apparent that the division’s left was becoming -open, General Shepherd ordered the Third Battalion, Twenty Ninth Marines into the line -to protect the east flank. It was quite plain that another regiment would have to be -committed if the momentum of advance were to be maintained.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Next day, the Sixth Marine Division continued the attack with the Second Battalion, -Twenty Second Marines and the Third Battalion, Twenty Ninth, in assault. About three -hundred yards was all that could be gained due to heavy enemy resistance. In the late -afternoon the other two battalions of the Twenty Ninth Marines moved up behind the -Third, and prepared to go into the assault on 14 May.</p> - -<p class='c005'>By this time General Shepherd had discovered the following: (1) In attempting to -outflank the Shuri line, the Sixth Marine Division had uncovered the western anchor of -the enemy’s main defensive position; (2) Three terrain features, heavily fortified and -manned, and mutually supporting formed this anchor; (3) Unprotected but heavily -guarded corridors led into each of these terrain features. (4) There was no ground offering -covered routes of approach, from which these terrain features could be assaulted; (5) the -three terrain features (later called Horseshoe Ridge, Sugar Loaf Hill, and Half Moon Hill) -<a id='Page_18'></a>would be held by the enemy at all costs; if they were lost, the enemy’s main position at -Shuri would be outflanked; (6) The battle efficiency of the Twenty Second Marines was -seriously impaired; It had lost over 800 men killed or wounded since crossing the Asa; -(7) Naha, the capital city of Okinawa, lay open in front of the Twenty Second Marines, -but it could not be seized until the Sugar Loaf defensive position, Horseshoe Ridge, and -the Half Moon were reduced and cleared of enemy.</p> - -<div class='figcenter id002'> -<img src='images/map06.jpg' alt='Map 6. Attack of 2nd Bn., 22nd Marines.' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic002'> -<p>Map 6. Attack of 2nd Bn., 22nd Marines.</p> -</div> -</div> - -<p class='c005'>Commanding the surrounding countryside, Sugar Loaf Hill was the apex of a triangle. -All three elements of the triangle were mutually supporting: Horseshoe Ridge and the -Half Moon covered Sugar Loaf; from Sugar Loaf the enemy could cover the other two -with fire; all three terrain features were, in turn, under observation and fire from Shuri. -Troops attacking any one of the three hills would be subjected immediately to fire from -the other two. There was no room for extended maneuver; on the right of the division -was the sea; on the left the zone of the First Marine Division, which offered no protection -or cover.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Late in the afternoon of 14 May the Second Battalion, Twenty Second, attempted a -tank-infantry assault, and despite heavy 47-<abbr class='spell'>mm</abbr>. fire that drove the tanks back, succeeded -in getting a few men from <abbr class='spell'>“G”</abbr> Company up on the top of Sugar Loaf. The attack caught -the Japanese by surprise, but only momentarily; during the night, they reorganized to -launch an attack next morning that drove the Second Battalion back from the ground -immediately to the north of Sugar Loaf, and finally spread over into the zone of the -Twenty Ninth Marines. This counterattack, in approximately battalion strength, started -a day of the bitterest fighting yet seen by the Twenty Second Marines. The desperate -character that the fight now assumed was indicative of the enemy’s resolve to hold the -Sugar Loaf system regardless of the cost. Two battalions of the Twenty Ninth, the First -and Third, encountered the same bitter fighting that was experienced by the First and -Second Battalions, Twenty Second. In the corridor leading to the Half Moon, the Third -Battalion, Twenty Ninth, finally reduced an enemy pocket that had been bypassed but had -become so troublesome as to prevent further advance. To the left, the First Battalion was -fighting in the low ground north of the Half Moon. During the afternoon of this day, 15 -May, the Third Battalion, Twenty Second Marines, moved up to relieve the Second Battalion -which had lost over 400 men in the last three days. Over on the division’s right, -the First Battalion of the Twenty Second drove down the long ridge overlooking the -Asato, but could advance no further due to heavy fire from the Horseshoe and Sugar Loaf.</p> - -<p class='c005'>All during the night of 15-16 May the enemy used his mortars and artillery to interdict -the front lines, causing light casualties. Early next morning the Sixth Marine Division, -with the Twenty Second and Twenty Ninth regiments in assault, again attacked to -seize the Sugar Loaf—Half Moon positions. Heavy enemy fire greeted the attack; from -near the town of Takamotoji the enemy commenced to fire, although that area had been -quiet previously. It was apparent that the enemy was moving in replacements and additional -troops to bolster the Sugar Loaf system. Working its way into position on the left -of the regimental front, the Third Battalion, Twenty Second Marines prepared to assault -Sugar Loaf Hill. Behind tanks, and after an intense artillery barrage, the battalion advanced -rapidly up the pitted north slope of the hill in the face of extremely heavy fire -from enemy mortars, grenades, and automatic weapons. Several times the battalion -reached the top of the hill and closed with the enemy in hand-to-hand fighting only to -be driven back. Finally, with losses steadily mounting, the battalion was forced to withdraw.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Hope was held for a while on this day that the Twenty Ninth Marines might seize -<a id='Page_21'></a>Half Moon Hill. Closely supported by tanks, troops moved forward slowly and reached the -edge of the ridge by late afternoon. Before they could organize defensive positions, or -dig in, the enemy poured so much fire in from Shuri, Sugar Loaf, and the reverse slopes -of the Half Moon, that the troops had to withdraw under the cover of smoke. Casualties -were extremely heavy.</p> - -<p class='c005'>This day, 16 May, was perhaps the bitterest day of the entire Okinawa Campaign for -the Sixth Marine Division. With all the strength at their command, two regiments had -attacked without apparent success. A week of steady fighting had reduced the offensive -capabilities of the Twenty Second Marines so General Shepherd now shifted the burden -of attack to the Twenty Ninth, leaving the Twenty Second to hold where it was.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Before the Twenty Ninth Marines began the attack of 17 May, the enemy in the Sugar -Loaf area was subjected to a terrific bombardment which included 16-inch shells from the -main batteries of battleships, 8-inch howitzer shells, and 1000-pound aerial bombs. With -tanks in close support and immediately behind a heavy and continuing artillery barrage, -the First and Third Battalions, Twenty Ninth Marines edged their way to the northern -edge of Half Moon Hill. Finally the Third Battalion seized a slim foothold on the north-western -edge of the hill but intense enemy fire made the position untenable and the troops -were forced to withdraw. Meanwhile <abbr class='spell'>“E”</abbr> Company of the Second Battalion was attempting -a flanking attack around the east side of Sugar Loaf Hill. Despite heavy enemy mortar -barrages and grenade fire, the company drove to the top of the hill three times; each -time the enemy counterattacked and drove the men off. Finally at 1830 in the last vestige -of light, the company mustered strength enough to assault the hill again. This time when -it reached the top it beat off an enemy counterattack, but had so few men left, and so -many wounded to be evacuated, that it had to pull back to better ground for the night.</p> - -<p class='c005'>At dusk, but while there was still enough light to be seen, the enemy attempted to -reinforce Sugar Loaf and began to move his troops in the open. Almost immediately -twelve battalions of our artillery took the enemy troops under time-on-target fire and -inflicted such heavy losses that the reinforcement threat was broken up. While the Half -Moon and Sugar Loaf still remained in enemy hands, the division had made gains that -were not yet perceptible. There was no way of knowing as yet the extent of the enemy’s -losses. So far, he had been able to move in enough reinforcements to counter our attacks, -but his losses had reached the point where he could no longer readily replace them. Meanwhile, -the Twenty Ninth Marines had got into position for the final attack, which was -to be launched next day.</p> - -<div class='figcenter id002'> -<img src='images/map07.jpg' alt=''Map' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic002'> -<p>Map 7. 29-Th Marines Secure Sugar Loaf.</p> -</div> -</div> - -<p class='c005'>At 0830, 18 May, the First and Third Battalions, Twenty Ninth again assaulted the -enemy on the Half Moon. After a foothold was established the fighting resolved itself into -a slugging match, and this enabled the Second Battalion to make its move. It first attempted -to encircle Sugar Loaf with tanks but enemy mines, 47-<abbr class='spell'>mm.</abbr> fire, and artillery -fire disabled six tanks and drove the rest back.</p> - -<div class='figcenter id002'> -<img src='images/map08.jpg' alt='Map 8. Attack of 4-Th Marines.' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic002'> -<p>Map 8. Attack of 4-Th Marines.</p> -</div> -</div> - -<p class='c005'>Next, the Second Battalion launched a combined tank-infantry assault on Sugar -Loaf, working the tanks, closely supported by troops, around each flank of the hill simultaneously. -One tank accompanied by troops, edged its way around the west side of the -hill and commenced firing into the enemy’s reverse slope defenses. Then, as the enemy -moved to repel this threat, another tank worked its way around the east side of the hill -and emptied its machine guns into the backs of the defenders of Sugar Loaf. In the ensuing -pandemonium troops swarmed all over the hill and, after an hour of heavy fighting, -the hill was firmly held by Marines. <abbr class='spell'>“F”</abbr> Company was sent to seize the Horseshoe and -reduce the mortar positions there that were firing on Sugar Loaf. The company moved -<a id='Page_22'></a>rapidly across the intervening ground, climbed up on the Horseshoe, and engaged the -enemy in a hand grenade battle. During the night the enemy counterattacked and drove -<abbr class='spell'>“F”</abbr> Company back to Sugar Loaf but could not regain the lost hill. Over on the left of the -zone of action of the Twenty Ninth Marines, the First and Third Battalions held their -positions at the base of the Half Moon, despite heavy enemy fire. For the action during the -period 14-19 May, the Twenty Ninth Marines, and attached units, were awarded the Presidential -Unit Citation.</p> - -<p class='c005'>In order to exploit the recently won gains General Shepherd ordered the Fourth -Marines fresh after a two weeks’ rest, to relieve the Twenty Ninth on 19 May. On the right -of the division’s front, the Twenty Second Marines remained in position, but were in no -condition to continue the attack. After relieving the Twenty Ninth Marines, the Fourth -prepared to attack next day to seize the upper reaches of the Asato River. The night of -19 May saw the enemy making full use of his mortars and artillery but casualties were -light. Next morning the Fourth Marines attacked Horseshoe Ridge and managed to seize a -part of it. While the fighting raged, the enemy on the Shuri Hill mass turned his weapons -and hit the flank of the Fourth with heavy fire. At 2130, following a terrific 90-mm. mortar -barrage, the enemy commenced to counterattack with Sugar Loaf as the objective. Centering -on the Third Battalion, Fourth Marines, the counterattack continued until midnight. -During this time naval star shells kept the critical area illuminated and six battalions -of artillery fired to break up the counterattack. Before the enemy was driven back, it was -necessary to commit part of the regimental reserve. In this unsuccessful counterattack, -the enemy lost nearly 300 killed while the Fourth Marines only lost 1 man killed and 19 -wounded.</p> - -<p class='c005'>On 21 May the Fourth Marines made slight gains in the interior of Horseshoe Ridge -but the foothold on the Half Moon could not be expanded. Until Shuri fell it would be -virtually impossible to take the Half Moon in its entirety. It was futile to attack on the -left. Now the emphasis was shifted to the regiment’s right and on the morning of 22 May -the front lines advanced slowly to the Asato.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Employing a holding attack on the extreme left of the division front, General Shepherd -was ready to exploit his gains. After a thorough reconnaissance of the ground just -across the Asato, the Fourth Marines moved two battalions across the river during the -afternoon of 23 May and ran into determined enemy resistance. The position of the Fourth -Marines, while not precarious, was extremely difficult. Two attempts to bridge the Asato -had failed; all food, water and ammunition had to be carried across by hand. The past -three days had brought unusually heavy rains and the entire division zone of action was -a sea of mud. Wading through mud ankle deep, stretcher bearers had a hard time getting -the wounded back to evacuation points north of the rear. Few vehicles could negotiate -the morass of mud that characterized the area. These rains were to continue until the -last of May.</p> - -<div class='figcenter id002'> -<img src='images/map09.jpg' alt='Map 9. Attack of Fourth Marines. Asato River Area.' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic002'> -<p>Map 9. Attack of Fourth Marines. Asato River Area.</p> -</div> -</div> - -<p class='c005'>On 25 May the Fourth Marines resumed the attack and seized most of the north-south -ridge line west of Machishi. About a company of the enemy counterattacked during the -night and spent its force in the sector of the Third Battalion. While the Fourth Marines -were moving into the eastern outskirts of Naha, the Division Reconnaissance Company -crossed the Asato near its mouth and penetrated the urban portion of Naha west of the -north-south canal. Enemy resistance was very light; only a few snipers harassed the company. -Next day, with the heavy rain still falling, the Fourth Marines confined its efforts -to vigorous patrolling. The reconnaissance company moved 300 yards further into Naha.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Unmistakable signs on 26 May pointed toward a Japanese withdrawal from the Shuri -<a id='Page_23'></a>position. In order to determine the extent of the withdrawal to the front of the Sixth -Marine Division, all units commenced patrolling. Part of the Second Battalion, Twenty -Second Marines, crossed the Asato and passed through the Reconnaissance Company while -pushing farther into Naha. The city was almost a total wreck. Only a few buildings around -the outskirts remained standing and these were badly damaged. During the day the -Fourth Marines sent patrols over 300 yards forward of the lines and found only light opposition.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Again General Shepherd reoriented his attack; he ordered the Twenty Second Marines -to complete the capture of Naha and be prepared to advance through the hills that overlook -the Kokuba River from the north. At the same time, he ordered the Twenty Ninth -Marines to relieve the Fourth, and to be prepared to continue the attack to the southeast -toward the Shichina hills. On 28 May the Twenty Ninth Marines commenced to relieve the -Fourth Marines; at the same time, the Twenty Second Marines completed the capture -of urban Naha, the part that lies to the west of the north-south canal.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Initially, the Twenty Ninth Marines were to carry out a holding attack while supporting -the Twenty Second Marines by fire. On 29 May, with the Twenty Ninth Marines holding -on its left, the Twenty Second Marines crossed the north-south canal and commenced to -fight through the low hills that lead to Shichina, and parallel the Kokuba River. The -attack moved rapidly at first on the right but the enemy rear guard, stationed in the hills -to the front of the two regiments, began to resist more fiercely, and it wasn’t until 1 June -that the two regiments were able to clean out the enemy in the Shichina area; now the -division could look down from its position above the Kokuba and see the Naha-Yonabaru -cross-island highway. Across the river, troops could see destroyed materiel abandoned by -the enemy in his hasty withdrawal to the south.</p> - -<p class='c005'>The Twenty Second Marines rested now for the first time since crossing the Asa River -on 10 May. For this period the regiment, and its attached units, was awarded the Presidential -Unit Citation. In the drive from the Asa to the Kokuba casualties had been heavy.</p> -<div class='chapter'> - <h2 class='c003'>7. BATTLE FOR OROKU</h2> -</div> -<p class='c004'>After the seizure of Naha and the area to its east the Sixth Marine Division prepared -to continue its drive to the south by making an amphibious landing on Oroku. General -Shepherd ordered his Division Reconnaissance Company, a flexible group that worked under -<abbr class='spell'>G</abbr>-2 or <abbr class='spell'>G</abbr>-3 as the situation demanded, to cross the estuary during the night of 1-2 -June and reconnoiter possible landing beaches as well as explore the area inland where -the beachhead would be established. Using plastic boats, the company made its reconnaissance -and returned to Naha at 0300, 2 June, to report that the northern part of Oroku -Peninsula was occupied by the enemy but not in great strength.</p> - -<p class='c005'>The plan for the reduction of enemy forces on Oroku was simple and complete; it -left the Japanese no alternatives except to surrender or die. The Fourth Marines were to -make a dawn landing on 4 June and as the beachhead expanded, the Twenty Ninth Marines -were to go in on the left of the Fourth. With two regiments attacking abreast, the -plan called for the other regiment, the Twenty Second Marines, to throw a cordon-like -line across the base of the peninsula in conjunction with the First Marine Division as it -crossed both forks of the Kokuba river and drove south. Then with the Twenty Second -facing northwest and preventing the enemy from escaping, the two assault regiments -would drive east and southeast to exterminate the enemy defenders of Oroku.</p> - -<p class='c005'>After the rainy weather of the last week in May and the first few days in June, the -Sixth Marine Division faced a tremendous logistical problem. Initially the assault regiments -<a id='Page_24'></a>would have to be supplied by amphibious craft over the same route used for the -landing. As the attack moved to the southeast, there was a chance that the Naha Estuary -could be bridged by using little Ona Yama island, which lay in the center of the estuary, -almost equidistant from Naha and Oroku. There were a few of the enemy on Ono Yama; -these would have to be killed before the engineers could commence their bridging efforts. -Simultaneously then, with the landing of the Fourth Marines on Oroku, the Sixth Reconnaissance -Company was ordered to land on, and secure, Ono Yama. All through 2-3 June -amphibious trucks (<abbr class='spell'>DUKWS</abbr>) and tractors carried supplies and equipment over impassable -roads to the beach at Naha where the landing was to be launched.</p> - -<div class='figcenter id002'> -<img src='images/map10.jpg' alt='Map 10. Beachhead On Oroku.' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic002'> -<p>Map 10. Beachhead On Oroku.</p> -</div> -</div> - -<p class='c005'>Before dawn, 4 June, the preliminary bombardment commenced on Oroku and Ono -Yama. At 0551, the Fourth Marines landed two battalions without any great difficulty. -Early enemy resistance was light and the troops moved rapidly inland. At 1000 the Twenty -Ninth Marines commenced to load a battalion to send across to join the Fourth. In the -meantime, the Division Reconnaissance Company had landed on Ono Yama and killed a -handful of Japanese.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Defending Oroku were mixed troops. There were some regular units, some Okinawa -Home Guardsmen, and some were naval and air personnel from units stationed at Naha -Port, and Naha Airfield. The rough character of the terrain on Oroku, with the exception -of the flat ground around the airfield, lent itself to the defenders. From carefully prepared -cave positions they could use the machine guns, 40 and 20-<abbr class='spell'>mm</abbr>. antiaircraft guns that had -been stripped from the defenses of the airfield. This enemy group on Oroku, some 5000 -strong, had resigned themselves to making a last ditch stand on the peninsula. Initially, -however, the amphibious landing of the Fourth Marines caught them by surprise. With -the advance of the First Division across the Kokuba toward Itoman, the enemy apparently -decided that Oroku would be attacked from its base, not its northwest tip, and was originally -deployed to fight off any thrust from the base.</p> - -<div class='figcenter id002'> -<img src='images/map11.jpg' alt='Map 11. Front Lines On Oroku.' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic002'> -<p>Map 11. Front Lines On Oroku.</p> -</div> -</div> - -<p class='c005'>It was indeed unfortunate then, that because of two factors beyond its control, the -Sixth Marine Division was not afforded the opportunity of really capitalizing on its tactical -surprise to the enemy. The rainy weather through the latter part of May and early -June had made Oroku extremely muddy. What few roads there were that led inland from -the landing beaches were either mined or had sections blown out so that our tanks could -not use them. The rice paddies, fields and hills, ankle to knee deep with mud, were heavily -mined, precluding the possibility of tank movement and causing the infantry to move with -utmost caution. At a time when speed could have meant rapid gains, the division found -itself forced to let the rifle companies fight as best they could and without many of their -supporting arms. The brief respite gained by the enemy allowed him to redeploy his forces -to resist the attack of the Fourth and Twenty Ninth Marines.</p> - -<div class='figcenter id002'> -<img src='images/map12.jpg' alt='Map 12. Last Pocket of Resistance on Oroku.' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic002'> -<p>Map 12. Last Pocket of Resistance on Oroku.</p> -</div> -</div> - -<p class='c005'>It wasn’t until 13 June that the enemy forces on Oroku were destroyed. The Fourth -Marines, after landing on 4 June, had seized the first hills inland and then as the Twenty -Ninth came in on the left, the Fourth secured Naha Airfield and drove to the southeast -in an encircling maneuver. Facing the enemy from the east, the Twenty Second Marines -kept him bottled up and harassed his rear. On the left, driving down the long ridge that -parallels the estuary, the Twenty Ninth moved slowly. In the extreme broken terrain that -characterized Oroku, the enemy resisted fiercely using all the weapons at his command to -prevent the advancing Marines from crossing the numerous compartments, and denying -them the use of the corridors.</p> - -<p class='c005'>The advance was slow and the action costly. In addition to his automatic weapons, -small arms, grenade discharges and mortars, the enemy had 320-<abbr class='spell'>mm</abbr>. spigot mortars and -<a id='Page_27'></a>artillery. Cut off, surrounded, and assaulted from all sides, the enemy was exacting a final -price for the peninsula. It was not until 12 June that the first real break in his carefully coordinated -defense became apparent. On this day, converging forces of the Fourth Marines -and the Twenty Ninth had the enemy completely encircled. From his positions, the enemy -could look to the northwest and see the Twenty Ninth; turning to the south, he could see -the Fourth Marines driving in on his flank; behind him was the Twenty Second Marines, -moving in slowly to complete his doom.</p> - -<p class='c005'>During the afternoon of 12 June, some enemy groups came out waving white surrender -flags. Others refused to surrender and pressed grenades to their stomachs. Still others allowed -themselves to be killed while offering only feeble resistance. In most, the will to live -was gone; they were resigned to their fate. Next day, 861 Japanese were killed and 73 -taken prisoner.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Before the capture of Oroku could be called complete, there remained to be taken the -small island of Senaga Shima. After a heavy preliminary bombardment, the Sixth Division’s -Reconnaissance Company, with a company from the Twenty Ninth Marines attached, -landed on the island and quickly seized it. Only two of the enemy were found and -killed but many fine coastal guns were captured. Now the battle for Oroku was over. The -enemy had resisted bitterly, 1,608 Marines were killed or wounded in the capture of the -peninsula, and thirty of our tanks were lost. During the ten days of fighting the Sixth -Marine Division had killed almost 5,000 Japanese and had captured nearly 200. For its -excellent work in landing on the peninsula, seizing the airdrome and then driving around -the enemy’s position to overwhelm him from the flank, the Fourth Marines was awarded -the Presidential Unit Citation.</p> -<div class='chapter'> - <h2 class='c003'>8. END OF CAMPAIGN</h2> -</div> -<p class='c004'>On 15 June the <abbr title='third'>III</abbr> Amphibious Corps instructed the Sixth Marine Division to be -prepared to pass through the right of the First Marine Division on Mezado Ridge on 17 -June. The mission assigned the Sixth Marine Division was to seize Kuwanga Ridge, part -of Ibaru Ridge, and the Kiyamu Gusuku hill mass. Although their plight was hopeless, -the enemy still held out in the southernmost part of Okinawa, evidently intent upon -exacting as stiff a price, in terms of lives, as possible before being destroyed. Like a trapped -animal, the Japanese were resisting bitterly and from their positions on the hills and -ridges, were delaying the attackers as long as possible.</p> - -<p class='c005'>With its zone of action limited in width, the Sixth Division committed the Twenty -Second Marines at 0300, 17 June. To reach Mezado Ridge, the regiment had to advance -past Kunishi through open ground swept by enemy fire. During the hours of daylight, the -First Division, fighting on Kunishi and Mezado Ridge, was forced to use tanks to supply -the front lines and evacuate the wounded. By moving before daylight the Twenty Second -Marines had little difficulty in reaching positions from which to launch an attack to secure -Mezado Ridge. After an intense preliminary artillery, naval gunfire, and aerial bombardment -on Mezado Ridge, Hill 69 and Kuwanga Ridge, the First and Third Battalions attacked -at 0730. The advance was slow and difficult due to increasing enemy resistance. -With every weapon at his command the enemy brought fire to bear on the assault battalions. -By late afternoon the attack had moved up on the western part of Mezado Ridge; -the Third Battalion had captured the key high ground around Hill 69, and could see -Kuwanga Ridge to the south.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Next morning, 18 June, the Twenty Second Marines continued the attack, passing -the Second Battalion through the Third, which was left to mop up in its immediate area. -<a id='Page_28'></a>Against heavy resistance the Second Battalion advanced to Kuwanga Ridge and by late -afternoon had a firm hold on the ridge. While moving through the Mezado Area to inspect -his regiment’s attack, Colonel <abbr class='spell'>H. C.</abbr> Roberts, <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr>, the Commanding Officer of the Twenty -Second Marines, was shot through the heart by a sniper.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Although the Second Battalion had a foothold on Kuwanga Ridge, it could not hold -the entire length of the ridge, some 1800 yards, and General Shepherd decided to move -up a battalion of the Fourth Marines on the left in order to hold the ridge through the -night. On the next day he could continue the attack to the south with a fresh regiment.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Early in the morning of 19 June, the Fourth Marines with the First and Third Battalions -abreast, assaulted Ibaru Ridge and, after a brisk fight, had seized the ridge by -noon. After a hasty reorganization on the ridge, the regiment attacked again, this time -to capture the Kiyamu-Gusuku hill mass. Immediately upon leaving Ibaru the Fourth -Marines ran into heavy enemy fire from mortars emplaced behind the hill mass and -machine guns firing from concealed positions on it. Just before dark the regiment succeeded -in gaining a small foot hold on the high plateau of the hill mass. During the -afternoon the little island just offshore from Nagasuku was seized by a quickly assembled -task force consisting of three amphibious tractors, two 37-<abbr class='spell'>mm</abbr>. platoons and a War Dog -platoon. In the brief action 20 Japanese soldiers were killed and 8 taken prisoner.</p> - -<p class='c005'>On 19 June the Sixth Marine Division committed two battalions of the Twenty Ninth -Marines on the right of the Fourth Marines in preparation for a final assault to seize the -5000 square yards of ground remaining. Next day at 0700 both regiments attacked, the -Twenty Ninth to drive to the coast, and the Fourth to complete the seizure of the Kiyamu-Gusuku -Ridge. Against light opposition, the Twenty Ninth Marines advanced rapidly and -reached the southern coast. Harassing long range fire from the regiment’s left caused few -casualties. The enemy in this sector began to surrender. An <abbr class='spell'>LCI</abbr>, equipped with a loud-speaker, -moved along the coast calling to the remaining Japanese to give themselves up. -Over 700 Japanese officers and men surrendered during the day.</p> - -<div class='figcenter id002'> -<img src='images/map13.jpg' alt='Map 13. Battle for Ara-Saki Peninsula.' class='ig001' /> -<div class='ic002'> -<p>Map 13. Battle for Ara-Saki Peninsula.</p> -</div> -</div> - -<p class='c005'>Meanwhile over on the division’s left, the Fourth Marines were engaged in a bloody -fight to secure Kiyamu-Gusuku Ridge. From their positions in the hill mass the Japanese -resisted desperately with intense mortar and small arms fire. After a day of bitter fighting -the Second Battalion captured Hill 80, the peak of the hill mass, but the remainder of the -ground was still held by the enemy.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Resuming its attack on 21 June the Fourth Marines turned from frontal assaults and -flanking attacks to a double envelopment from the rear. Early in the morning the two -flank battalions sent companies around either extremity of the ridge and at 0800 struck -the enemy’s rear in a coordinated attack. For two hours the enemy fought back bitterly -but could not halt the assaulting Marines. With the fall of the Kiyamu-Gusuku Ridge -all organized resistance in the Sixth Marine Division’s zone of action ceased.</p> - -<p class='c005'>During all but thirteen of the eighty two days that the Okinawa Campaign lasted, the -Sixth Marine Division was committed and actively engaged. Credited to the division were -23,000 Japanese killed and over 3,500 captured. The division had captured over two thirds -of Okinawa and had repeatedly fought the enemy on his own terms, and his own ground. -During this operation the Sixth Marine Division had taken heavy losses; 400 officers and -7,822 enlisted men were either killed or wounded. In the drive from the Asa River to the -Kokuba, the division had lost the equivalent of a regiment of men. Not included in the -above figures are men lost due to non-battle casualties, sickness, or combat fatigue.</p> - -<p class='c005'>After reaching the southern coast the Sixth Division turned to retrace its steps back -to the Kokuba, mopping up enemy remnants at it went.</p> - -<p class='c005'><a id='Page_31'></a>The first week in July found the Sixth Marine Division busy with preparations for the -trip to the new base camp on Guam. On 4 July there was an impressive ceremony held -to dedicate the division cemetery. Although the division was preparing to leave Okinawa, -it paused briefly to pay its respects to those of its members who would have to remain -forever behind. In the last paragraph of the special order of dedication, General Shepherd -admonished his men as follows:</p> - -<p class='c005'>“As this cemetery is dedicated to the dead and to the past that they made glorious -by their heroic sacrifices, let there be in the minds of the members of this division the resolve -to dedicate their future efforts to speeding the impending final defeat of the enemy -to the end that there will no longer be occasion for the sacrifice that the honored dead of -our division were called upon to make on this island.”</p> -<div class='chapter'> - <h2 class='c003'>9. GUAM</h2> -</div> -<p class='c004'>On 16 July General Shepherd and his staff arrived at Guam and set up his new command -post. By direction of Fleet Marine Force, Pacific, a base camp had been built for the -Sixth Marine Division on Guam. As soon as the units had moved into their new areas, -construction was begun on chapels and recreation facilities. A division training order was -issued on 23 July outlining a program to last from 6 August to 15 December 1945.</p> - -<p class='c005'>On 26 July General Shepherd published a letter of gratitude from the people of Guam -to the officers and men of the Sixth Marine Division. Written on the occasion of “Guam -Liberation Day”, 21 July, one year after the Fourth and Twenty Second Marines had -landed on the bloody beaches near Agat, the letter, signed by several leading Guamanians -said in part:</p> - -<p class='c005'>“On behalf of the people of Guam we take this opportunity, as a token of everlasting -gratitude, to extend our greetings and felicitations to you, the officers and men of the -First Provisional Brigade which formed the nucleus of the Sixth Marine Division, with -its supporting arms and services, on the first anniversary of <abbr class='spell'>D</abbr>-Day.</p> - -<p class='c005'>“Through popular request, the twenty first of July has been designated as ‘Guam -Liberation Day’. It is fitting and proper that we renew and reaffirm our loyalty and devotion -to our mother country and the cause for which she stands.”</p> - -<p class='c005'>With general preparations for future combat operations against the enemy underway, -the Sixth Marine Division launched an intensive training program in August. The main -effort of the division was diverted, however, from 11-15 August to preparing and mounting -out Task Group Able for the forthcoming occupation of Yokosuka Naval Base. This task -group was a headquarters command headed by Brigadier General William <abbr class='spell'>T.</abbr> Clement -which was superimposed over the Fourth Marines (Reinforced), under the command of -<abbr title='lieutenant'>Lt.</abbr> <abbr title='colonel'>Col.</abbr> Fred <abbr class='spell'>D.</abbr> Beans. On 16 August, Task Group Able departed from Guam and three -days later joined the Third Fleet.</p> - -<p class='c005'>As a part of the Fleet Landing Force, Task Group Able landed at Yokosuka Naval -Base and Airfield on 30 August. There was no opposition to the landing. Here it remained -as a part of the Sixth Marine Division until late in November when it passed from the -administrative control of the division to that of Fleet Marine Force, Pacific. Its general -duties consisted of demilitarizing the Naval area of responsibility, and in providing security -for the Naval Base and Airfield. On 20 September, all reinforcing elements of the -Fourth Marines and its superior command, Task Force Able Headquarters, returned to -Guam, leaving the regiment under the operational control of the Eighth Army. By January -the force had been reduced to the Third Battalion; the other two battalions, Weapons -Company, and Headquarters and Service Company departed for the <abbr class='spell'>U. S.</abbr> to be disbanded. -Later a reduced regimental headquarters group left for Tsingtao to rejoin the division.</p> -<div class='chapter'> - <a id='Page_32'></a> - <h2 class='c003'>10. TSINGTAO</h2> -</div> -<p class='c004'>During the month of September the Sixth Marine Division prepared for an operation, -the forthcoming occupation of Tsingtao, China. From 2 October until 11 October the -division was aboard ship en route to China and commenced unloading at Tsingtao on the -latter date.</p> - -<p class='c005'>While aboard the division command ship en route to Tsingtao, General Shepherd -stated the general mission of his command:</p> - -<p class='c005'>“Our mission is to land and occupy Tsingtao and the adjacent Tsangkou Airfield; -to assist local authorities in maintaining order and in preventing disease and starvation; -to release, care for, and evacuate Recovered Allied Military personnel and Allied internees; -to cooperate with Chinese Central Government forces; to accept, when necessary, local -surrender of Japanese forces, as authorized by higher authority, and to assist the Chinese -in effecting the disarming and confining of these forces.”</p> - -<p class='c005'>The city of Tsingtao, with 1,300,000 inhabitants is situated on a promontory on the -southern coast of Shantung Peninsula. It is regarded as one of the finest ports in China, -and is second only to Shanghai as a textile manufacturing center. When the division -landed, it found the citizens of Tsingtao to be a polyglot group: Communist agents, former -Nazis, White Russians, Koreans, Japanese civilians, Japanese military personnel, Europeans, -Eurasians, and Chinese.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Politically, Tsingtao, as the most coveted city on Shantung Peninsula, was a hotbed -of intrigue and strife. The Communists, with a stronghold at Chefoo, hoped to gain control -of the peninsula, and the city. Resisting them were Japanese troops, protecting rail lines -leading into the city. Here too, were independent factions ostensibly aligned with the -Chungking government. Still in evidence, but ineffective, were puppet groups. At large, -but not easily identified with either Chungking or Yennan, were small groups of brigands -which terrorized Tsingtao despite the Mayor and his poorly trained and discipined troops.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Most of the interior of the Shantung Peninsula was controlled by Communists; their -only access to the sea was at the port of Chefoo. Early in the month of October an emissary -from the Commander-in-Chief of the Liberation Army of the Communists entered the -harbor and sought an audience with General Shepherd. Permission was granted and a -letter was presented which proposed, in essence, passive collaboration between the Marines -and the Communists. Offering to enter the city to “restore order” by killing puppet troops, -that is those troops who professed allegiance to Chiang Kai-Shek’s Chinese Central Government, -the Communists promised not to disturb the Marines of the Sixth Division. To -this General Shepherd replied firmly that he would have no part in a fratricidal war between -factions in China, and that his combat veterans could prevent any disorders in -the city.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Obviously, the Communist forces had hoped to gain complete control of the Shantung -Peninsula at the cessation of hostilities through the surrender of Japanese troops to them.</p> - -<p class='c005'>One of the earliest problems to confront the men of the Sixth Marine Division in -Tsingtao was a financial one, the fluctuating rate of exchange. With inflation rampant, -attempts to stabilize the exchange at one American dollar to 2,000 Chinese Federal Reserve -Bank dollars failed. Black markets flourished for a while and speculation in local currency -helped to make that currency unstable. Food was plentiful but there was a shortage of -coal.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Law and order was more a matter of theory than practice. Throughout October uniformed -Chinese perpetrated many small crimes against both the Japanese and German -<a id='Page_33'></a>residents. These usually consisted of breaking into houses, threatening the occupants with -rifles or pistols, and stealing jewelry, silver, or small valuables. Marine roving patrols -remedied this situation. It wasn’t long before the Sixth Marine Division found itself regarded -as the guardian of minority groups within the city.</p> - -<p class='c005'>The morning of 25 October found the Twenty Second Marines, the Twenty Ninth -Marines, the Sixth Tank Battalion, the Sixth Engineers, the Sixth Marine Division Headquarters -Battalion, and other troops, marching out to the race track at the edge of Tsingtao -to witness the surrender ceremony of the Japanese to representatives of the United -States and Chinese Central Governments.</p> - -<p class='c005'>At 1100 the ceremony began. For the Japanese, <abbr title='major'>Maj.</abbr> General Eiji Nagano, commanding -officer of the Japanese <abbr title='fifth'>5th</abbr> Independent Mixed Brigade, stepped up on the platform and -affixed his signature to copies of the surrender document. After laying his sword on the -table Nagano withdrew to rejoin his staff, who immediately followed his example. On the -platform representing the United States was General Shepherd who signed his name next. -<abbr title='lieutenant'>Lt.</abbr> <abbr title='general'>Gen.</abbr> Yen Nien Li, deputy commander of the 11th War Area and Generalissimo Chiang -Kai-Shek’s personal representative, signed for the Chinese Central Government.</p> - -<p class='c005'>The surrender document stated that all Japanese forces in the Tsingtao area were -to surrender unconditionally to Generalissimo Chiang Kai-Shek and that all equipment -and records were to be turned over to the Allies in good condition. Civilian internees and -prisoners of war were to be released immediately. General Shepherd, as Commanding -General of the Sixth Marine Division, was named as Chiang’s authorized representative.</p> - -<p class='c005'>By the end of October, the division had settled to its routine duties. Guards had been -established over American properties and Japanese warehouses; patrols were maintained -throughout the non-Chinese sections of the city. A new training program was started. -Special Services distributed athletic gear and arranged athletic events; in addition, an -education program had been started. The division began to make plans for withdrawal as -soon as the <abbr title='eighth'>8th</abbr> Chinese National Army arrived. By 23 November, before a lapse occurred, -6,701 Japanese military personnel and 877 Japanese civilians had been evacuated to -Japan. Along with the repatriation of the Japanese, many members of the division were -“repatriated” to the United States through rotation as point scores dropped.</p> - -<p class='c005'>During the month of December the Sixth Marine Division continued its duties in -Tsingtao; 7,827 military and 18,390 civilian Japanese were repatriated. Near the end of -the month Major General <abbr class='spell'>A. F.</abbr> Howard, <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr>, arrived to relieve Major General Lemuel -<abbr class='spell'>C.</abbr> Shepherd, Jr., <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr>, as Commanding General of the Sixth Marine Division.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Gradually many of the functions of the division were absorbed by the <abbr title='eighth'>8th</abbr> Chinese -National Army and the division turned to schools and training prior to deactivation on -1 April, when from its units the Third Marine Brigade was formed.</p> - -<p class='c005'>The career of the Sixth Marine Division had been relatively brief, a few days less than -nineteen months, but in that short time the division had won a respected position among -the fighting divisions of this war. For its excellent work on Okinawa the division was -warmly commended by both <abbr title='lieutenant'>Lt.</abbr> General Roy <abbr class='spell'>S.</abbr> Geiger, Commanding General, <abbr title='third'>III</abbr> Amphibious -Corps, and the late <abbr title='lieutenant'>Lt.</abbr> General Simon <abbr class='spell'>B.</abbr> Buckner, Commanding General, Tenth -Army. To each of the three infantry regiments of the Sixth Marine Division, the Twenty -Second Marines, the Twenty-Ninth Marines and the Fourth Marines, went the highly -coveted Presidential Unit Citation. While it lived, the division not only upheld all the -proud traditions of the Marine Corps, but added to the impressive record of brave deeds -long associated with the Corps.</p> -<div class='chapter'> - <a id='Page_35'></a> - <h2 class='c003'>APPENDICES</h2> -</div> -<div class='chapter'> - <a id='Page_37'></a> - <h2 class='c003'>APPENDIX “A”</h2> -</div> -<div class='lg-container-l c006'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><i>Copy</i></div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line c007'>UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS</div> - <div class='line'>Office of the Commanding General</div> - <div class='line'>Second Marine Division, Fleet Marine Force</div> - <div class='line'>c/o Fleet Post Office</div> - <div class='line'>San Francisco, California</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>26 September 1944</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>From: The Commanding General.</div> - <div class='line'>To: The Commanding General, 6th Marine Division.</div> - <div class='line'>Subject: Services rendered by personnel of <abbr title='first'>1st</abbr> Battalion, <abbr title='twenty-ninth'>29th</abbr> Marines.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c005'>1. I wish to express my appreciation of the heroic part played -by the officers and men of the <abbr title='first'>1st</abbr> Battalion, <abbr title='twenty-ninth'>29th</abbr> Marines (Reinf), -while attached to the <abbr title='second'>2d</abbr> Marine Division, in the defeat of the -Japanese forces on Saipan.</p> - -<p class='c005'>2. This battalion landed on the Japanese base of Saipan, -Marianas Islands, on <abbr class='spell'>D</abbr>-day, 15 June 1944, and immediately upon -landing was attached to <abbr class='spell'>CT</abbr>-8 and subsequently committed to front-line -action on the original beachhead. For a period of twenty -days until the zone of action of this division was completely -secured, it occupied front-line positions, participating in attacks -against most determined resistance over the most difficult -terrain the island offered. During this entire period, due to -tactical considerations and the nature of enemy resistance, it was -at no time relieved from its front-line positions. In its advance -over very difficult terrain, including the main ridge of Mount -Tapotchau, the commanding terrain feature of the island, it successfully -repulsed numerous counter-attacks and overcame many -pockets of inordinately tenacious enemy resistance, including -heavy machine gun and mortar fire.</p> - -<p class='c005'>3. In its advance it suffered very heavy casualties. Despite -these losses, this battalion continued its attacks and advances -with unabating vigor and persistence.</p> - -<p class='c005'>4. It has been a pleasure to have under my command these -officers and men who were of inestimable value to the success of -the operation as a part of the <abbr title='second'>2d</abbr> Marine Division, Reinforced. The -parent organization of the <abbr title='first'>1st</abbr> Battalion, <abbr title='twenty-ninth'>29th</abbr> Marines can well -be proud of the accomplishments of this battalion during the Saipan -operation.</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c008'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>/s/ T. E. Watson</div> - <div class='line in4'>T. E. WATSON</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><a id='Page_38'></a>First Endorsement 8 October 1944</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>HEADQUARTERS, SIXTH MARINE DIVISION, IN THE FIELD</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>From: The Commanding General.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>To: The Commanding Officer, Twenty-ninth Marines, Reinforced.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c005'><i>Copy</i></p> - -<p class='c005'>Subject: Services rendered by personnel of <abbr title='first'>1st</abbr> Battalion, - Twenty-ninth Marines, Reinforced.</p> - -<p class='c005'>1. Forwarded.</p> - -<p class='c005'>2. This is a fine tribute to the <abbr title='first'>1st</abbr> Battalion, Twenty-ninth -Marines, Reinforced, and will be an inspiration to the remainder -of your excellent regiment.</p> - -<p class='c005'>LEMUEL <abbr class='spell'>C.</abbr> SHEPHERD, JR.</p> -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><abbr title='second'>2d</abbr> Endorsement 11 October 1944</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>HEADQUARTERS, <abbr title='twenty-ninth'>29th</abbr> MARINES, REINF., SIXTH MARINE DIVISION,</div> - <div class='line'>IN THE FIELD</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>From: The Commanding Officer.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>To: The Commanding Officer, First Battalion, <abbr title='twenty-ninth'>29th</abbr></div> - <div class='line in10'>Marines, Reinf.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Subject: Services rendered by personnel of the First Battalion,</div> - <div class='line in10'><abbr title='twenty-ninth'>29th</abbr> Marines, Reinf.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c005'>1. Forwarded with congratulations.</p> - -<p class='c005'>2. The Commanding Officer takes pleasure in forwarding this -letter from the Commanding General, Second Marine Division, In -the Field, commending you and your men for heroic and valiant -services at Saipan.</p> - -<p class='c005'>3. It is a source of gratification for me to receive this -report, and to welcome your splendid unit to this regiment.</p> - -<p class='c005'>VICTOR <abbr class='spell'>F.</abbr> BLEASDALE</p> -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><a id='Page_39'></a><i>Copy</i></div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>HEADQUARTERS, TWENTY-NINTH MARINES REINFORCED,</div> - <div class='line'>SIXTH MARINE DIVISION, IN THE FIELD.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>16 November 1944</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>REGIMENTAL MEMORANDUM</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Combat Record of the First Battalion,</div> - <div class='line'><abbr title='twenty-ninth'>29th</abbr> Marines.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><i>NUMBER 129 1944</i></div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c005'>1. The article, “BATTALION ON SAIPAN” by War Correspondent -Robert Sherrod, appearing in the October 1944 issue of the MARINE -CORPS GAZETTE describes the splendid part played in the conquest -of Saipan during June and July 1944, by the battalions of the Sixth -Marine Regiment. However, in addition to his description of the -fighting done by the battalions of the Sixth Marine Regiment, Mr. -Sherrod includes the following reference to the magnificent -achievements of the First Battalion, Twenty-ninth Marines:</p> - -<p class='c010'>“And none of them (battalions of the Sixth Marine Regiment) -approached the rather appalling losses incurred by an -extra battalion formed of detachments from each of the nine -regular battalions of the Second Division. This heroic battalion, -the First Battalion, Twenty-ninth Marine Regiment, -commanded first by Lieutenant Colonel Guy <abbr class='spell'>E.</abbr> Tannyhill and -later by Lieutenant Colonel Rathvon <abbr class='spell'>McC.</abbr> Tompkins (until he -was also wounded near the end of the battle), faced the fearsome -task of taking the 1,554-foot peak of Mount Tapotchau, -the highest point on Saipan. Like good Marines, Colonel -Tompkins’ men never faltered in their assignment, but there -were only about 200 left in the battalion when the battle ended. -The United States can thank its lucky stars for such picked -men who are not afraid to die; without them it is difficult to -see how the Pacific war would even now be advanced as far as -Tarawa, which is 2,000 miles to the rear.”</p> - -<p class='c011'>2. The officers and men of the <abbr title='twenty-ninth'>29th</abbr> Marines are very proud -of the splendid reputation already established by our First -Battalion.</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c008'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>VICTOR <abbr class='spell'>F.</abbr> BLEASDALE,</div> - <div class='line'>Colonel, <abbr class='spell'>U. S.</abbr> Marine Corps</div> - <div class='line'>Commanding</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c012'><a id='Page_40'></a>THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY</p> - -<p class='c005'>WASHINGTON</p> - -<p class='c005'>The Secretary of the Navy takes pleasure in commending the</p> - -<p class='c005'>FIRST PROVISIONAL MARINE BRIGADE</p> - -<p class='c005'>for service as follows:</p> - -<p class='c005'>“For outstanding heroism in action against enemy Japanese -forces, during the invasion of Guam, Marianas Islands, from July -21 to August 10, 1944. Functioning as a combat unit for the first -time, the First Provisional Marine Brigade forced a landing -against strong hostile defenses and well camouflaged positions, -steadily advancing inland under the relentless fury of the enemy’s -heavy artillery, mortar and small arms fire to secure a firm beachhead -by nightfall. Executing a difficult turning movement to the -north, this daring and courageous unit fought its way ahead yard -by yard through mangrove swamps, dense jungles and over cliffs -and, although terrifically reduced in strength under the enemy’s -fanatical counterattacks, hunted the Japanese in caves, pillboxes -and foxholes and exterminated them. By their individual acts -of gallantry and their indomitable fighting teamwork throughout -this bitter and costly struggle, the men of the First Provisional -Marine Brigade aided immeasurably in the restoration of Guam to -our sovereignty.”</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c008'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>/S/ JAMES FORRESTAL</div> - <div class='line'>Secretary of the Navy.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c005'>All personnel serving in the First Provisional Marine Brigade, -comprised of: Headquarters Company; Brigade Signal Company; -Brigade Military Police Company; <abbr title='fourth'>4th</abbr> Marines, Reinforced; <abbr title='twenty-second'>22nd</abbr> -Marines, Reinforced; Naval Construction Battalion Maintenance -Unit 515, and <abbr title='fourth'>4th</abbr> Platoon, <abbr title='second'>2nd</abbr> Marine Ammunition Company, during -the above mentioned period are hereby authorized to wear the NAVY -UNIT COMMENDATION Ribbon.</p> -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><a id='Page_41'></a><i>COPY</i></div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>1990-10-10</div> - <div class='line'>018/159</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>HEADQUARTERS</div> - <div class='line'>SIXTH MARINE DIVISION</div> - <div class='line'>IN THE FIELD</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>22 April 1945.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>S.O.—78-45:</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c005'>1. The Commanding General takes pleasure in announcing that -all organized enemy resistance in the central and northern part -of OKINAWA was overcome on April 20, 1945.</p> - -<p class='c005'>2. Within a period of twenty days, the Sixth Marine Division -effected a landing on a hostile shore, captured an important airdrome, -and fought its way over rugged terrain against enemy resistance -a distance of 84 miles securing an area of 436 square -miles of Japanese territory. Over 2200 enemy dead have been -counted in addition to the capture of large numbers of assorted -weapons and quantities of military stores.</p> - -<p class='c005'>3. The Sixth Marine Division may well be proud of its achievements. -Its units have operated in combat with distinction. The -attack and seizure of precipitous <abbr title='mount'>Mt.</abbr> YAETAKE on MOTOBU Peninsula -will stand out in our history as an example of courage and determination -of the individual Marine to surmount impassable terrain -defended by a well organized and fanatical foe. Your accomplishments -have demonstrated a standard of proficiency in battle -equal to any unit in the Fleet Marine Force.</p> - -<p class='c005'>4. In addition to the fighting ability of the assault troops, -the Commanding General commends the supporting units for their -untiring and efficient operation which enabled the attack to -maintain its momentum throughout the operation. Artillery, -Tanks, Engineers, Shore Party, Medical and Service elements of -the division all contributed their share to bring the campaign to -a successful and rapid conclusion.</p> - -<p class='c005'>5. The Sixth Marine Division has lived up to the highest -traditions of the Marine Corps and can proudly take its place -among the other famous Marine organizations which have brought -glory and honor to our illustrious Corps.</p> - -<p class='c005'>6. In rejoicing over our recently achieved victory, we should -not forget to honor our fallen comrades and those who have suffered -wounds in battle. The loss of those who made the supreme sacrifice -is deeply mourned by all who survived. The memory of their sacrifice -will remain with us always.</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c008'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>/S/ LEMUEL C. SHEPHERD, JR.</div> - <div class='line'>Major General, <abbr class='spell'>U. S.</abbr> Marine Corps,</div> - <div class='line'>Commanding, Sixth Marine Division.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><i>COPY</i></div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><a id='Page_42'></a><i>COPY</i></div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>1990-10-10</div> - <div class='line'>018/125 17 May 1945.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>HEADQUARTERS</div> - <div class='line'>SIXTH MARINE DIVISION</div> - <div class='line'>IN THE FIELD</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>SO: 120-45</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c005'>1. The Commanding General wishes to commend the Twenty-second -Marines for their outstanding performance of duty during -the period from 8 May 1945 to the present date.</p> - -<p class='c005'>2. On 8 May 1945, the Twenty-second Marines was assigned -the extreme right flank of the Third Amphibious Corps zone of -action. At that time the forward line in this sector ran from the -west coast inland just south of Machinato airfield. The enemy -positions facing them were recognized to be of an extremely -formidable nature and had withstood attack for many days.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Undeterred by the grim prospects confronting them the -Twenty-second Marines upon receiving the order to attack, immediately -began a determined skillful advance to the south.</p> - -<p class='c005'>The regiment rapidly forced its way to the Asa-Kwan estuary -and upon reaching that formidable natural barrier, unhesitatingly -forded the fire swept water course and established a firm bridgehead -on the southern side.</p> - -<p class='c005'>The following day, the attack was resumed, this time -against the enemy main line of resistance lodged on commanding -ground honeycombed with tunnels, caves, and pillboxes. In the -face of devastating artillery, mortar and machine gun fire, the -regiment unhesitatingly hammered its way up the fanatically defended -slopes and by its persistent, dogged determination -breached the enemy defenses and seized the tactically important -high ground overlooking Naha.</p> - -<p class='c005'>Since the seizure of this important area, the regiment has -demonstrated its tenacity in holding ground gained against repeated -enemy counter-attacks and counter-landings.</p> - -<p class='c005'>3. The Sixth Marine Division looks with pride on the accomplishments -of the Twenty-second Marines. The esprit de corps, -courageous determination, and outstanding fighting ability of -this regiment is worthy of the greatest praise.</p> - -<p class='c005'>4. Let us not forget that these achievements have not been -without cost. The glory gained belongs equally to those who so -unsparingly gave their lives in the performance of their duty. The -battle is not yet won, and hard fighting lies ahead, but it behooves -those who remain to resolve to maintain the inspired standards -established by the recent accomplishments of this regiment.</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c008'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>/S/ LEMUEL C. SHEPHERD, JR.</div> - <div class='line'>Major General, U. S. Marine Corps,</div> - <div class='line'>Commanding, Sixth Marine Division.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><i>COPY</i></div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><a id='Page_43'></a><i>COPY</i></div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>1990-10-10</div> - <div class='line'>018/125</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>HEADQUARTERS</div> - <div class='line'>SIXTH MARINE DIVISION</div> - <div class='line'>IN THE FIELD</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>19 May 1945</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>SO: 125-45</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Reference: (a) ComTransronTwelve ltr to CG, 6th Mar Div.</div> - <div class='line in15'>serial #318, dated 15 April 1945.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c005'>1. Reference (a) is quoted below for the information of all -members of this command:</p> - -<p class='c010'>“1. During the period from 1 to 10 April 1945 inclusive -the Shore Party of the SIXTH Marine Division worked in closest -cooperation and harmony with Transport Squadron TWELVE -(Transport Group ABLE), ships under its operational control, -and with all elements of the Navy beach and control parties -of the squadron. During this period some 51,920 tons of cargo -were landed on and handled over the reef and sent to dumps and -dispersal areas in the rear. At no time were the beaches allowed -to become congested with cargo to the detriment of -progress in general cargo unloading. At the end of the unloading -period all cargo was clear of the beach areas, beaches -were clean and free of wreckage, cargo nets and life preservers -had been salvaged and returned to ships, and Garrison -Shore and Beach Parties were completely stationed, well instructed -in their duties and fully functioning.</p> - -<p class='c013'>“2. At no time, night or day, did unloading operations -completely cease on RED and GREEN Beaches. Upon ‘all clear’ -after RED alert, work was resumed promptly. At all times men -were made available over and beyond the normal demands whenever -an emergency of one type or another arose. At no time -was there any complaint that the men were too tired to work:—that -they were tired goes without question, but that they -carried on is a tribute to their physical stamina, the morale -of the individual marine, and to the quality of their leadership.</p> - -<p class='c013'>“3. Commander Transport Squadron TWELVE (Commander -Transport Group ABLE) strongly urges that the Commanding -General, SIXTH Marine Division publish this appreciation of -the superb work done by his Shore Party to all hands in his -division so that all may know that their Shore Party contributed -very materially to their recent success. It can be said -in all truth that the SIXTH Marine Division Shore Party is -the best in every respect so far seen in this war, and its -organization, equipment and functioning deserve close study -as a model for future operations.</p> - -<p class='c013'><a id='Page_44'></a>“4. ——</p> - -<p class='c013'>“5. ——</p> - -<p class='c013'>“6. In conclusion may we in Transport Squadron TWELVE -express the hope that at some future date we may be so -fortunate as to serve with the SIXTH Marine Division again. -Everywhere we found splendid cooperation, a thorough knowledge -of what you wanted to do and a keen appreciation of our -own problems which enabled us to solve often vexing details -in a highly satisfactory manner. We know that we have seen -the best examples of the ship-to-shore movement to date, and -we leave you with highest regards and best wishes for your -continued success.</p> - -<p class='c013'><abbr class='spell'>H. B.</abbr> KNOWLES”</p> -<p class='c012'><i>COPY</i></p> - -<p class='c005'>OFFICERS AND MEN</p> - -<p class='c005'>OF THE SIXTH MARINE DIVISION</p> - -<p class='c005'>(Message read to all troops the day before landing on Okinawa)</p> - -<p class='c005'>“Within the next few hours our division will land on Japanese -soil—the doorway to the enemy’s country. It is an honor to be among -the first to bring the war to the Japanese homeland.</p> - -<p class='c005'>“The Sixth Marine Division is ready for the task to which it -is assigned. During the past months of training, we have perfected -our technique and forged our battle-seasoned regiments and battalions -into a hard-hitting offensive team, inbued with the will -to win.</p> - -<p class='c005'>“When the day of battle comes, I have every confidence that -you will strike with the force of a crusader, symbolized by the -sword emblazoned on our shield, and bring victory and glory to our -Corps and Country.</p> - -<p class='c005'>“I extend to each of you my sincere good wishes. May God in His -infinite mercy bless our cause and protect us all.”</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c008'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>(Signed) LEMUEL <abbr class='spell'>C.</abbr> SHEPHERD, JR.</div> - <div class='line'>Major General, <abbr class='spell'>U. S.</abbr> Marine Corps</div> - <div class='line'>Commanding Sixth Marine Division</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><a id='Page_45'></a><i>COPY</i></div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>1990-10-10</div> - <div class='line'>015/210</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>HEADQUARTERS</div> - <div class='line'>SIXTH MARINE DIVISION</div> - <div class='line'>IN THE FIELD</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>13 June 1945.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>SO: 146-45</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c005'>1. The Commanding General takes pleasure in transmitting to -all units of the Sixth Marine Division the following dispatch -from the Commanding General, <abbr title='third'>III</abbr> Amphibious Corps:</p> - -<p class='c010'>“THE CORPS COMMANDER COMMENDS THE 6TH MARDIV ON THE CAPTURE -OF OROKU PENINSULA X CONTINUING OPERATIONS AFTER THE HARD -FOUGHT BATTLES IN -WHICH THE DIVISION PENETRATED THE WESTERN DEFENSES OF SHURI -AND CAPTURED THE CITY OF NAHA IT QUICKLY EXECUTED AN AMPHIBIOUS -OPERATION ORGANIZED -AND MOUNTED UNDER THE HANDICAP OF ADVERSE WEATHER -AND DIFFICULT LOGISTIC CONDITIONS X FIGHTING ITS WAY INLAND -OVER VERY UNFAVORABLE -AND RUGGED TERRAIN IT WRESTED STRONGLY FORTIFIED HILL AND -CAVE POSITIONS FROM AN ENEMY DETERMINED TO FIGHT TO THE -BITTER END AND WELL EQUIPPED -WITH AUTOMATIC AND SUPPORTING WEAPONS X THE INDOMITABLE -SPIRIT AND PROFESSIONAL SKILL DISPLAYED BY THE 6TH MARDIV -WILL BE A SOURCE OF -PRIDE AND GRATIFICATION TO ALL MARINES”</p> - -<p class='c011'>2. Every officer and man in the Sixth Marine Division may be -justly proud of the accomplishments attained during the past ten -days fighting on the OROKU PENINSULA. Through your indomitable -courage and determination to overcome all obstacles, you have -again demonstrated the superior fighting qualities for which this -division has become famous.</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c008'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>/S/ LEMUEL <abbr class='spell'>C.</abbr> SHEPHERD, JR.</div> - <div class='line'>Major General, <abbr class='spell'>U. S.</abbr> Marine Corps,</div> - <div class='line'>Commanding, Sixth Marine Division.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><a id='Page_46'></a><i>COPY</i></div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>1990-10-15</div> - <div class='line'>015/210</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>HEADQUARTERS</div> - <div class='line'>SIXTH MARINE DIVISION</div> - <div class='line'>IN THE FIELD</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>14 June 1945.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>MEMO: 126-45</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c005'>1. The Commanding General takes pleasure in transmitting to -all units of the Sixth Marine Division the following dispatch -from Lieutenant General Simon Bolivar Buckner, Jr., <abbr class='spell'>U. S.</abbr> Army, -Commanding General, <abbr title='tenth'>10th</abbr> Army:</p> - -<p class='c010'>“MY COMPLIMENTS TO YOU AND ALL MEMBERS OF YOUR -COMMAND FOR A WELL CONDUCTED AND SUCCESSFUL -OPERATION IN SECURING THE OROKU PENINSULA AND -DESTROYING A LARGE ENEMY GARRISON THEN IN STRONG -AND WELL FORTIFIED POSITIONS, THUS CONTRIBUTING -MATERIALLY TO THE SUCCESS OF THE OKINAWA CAMPAIGN”</p> - -<p class='c011'>2. The above message is truly indicative of the wide -recognition and admiration gained by every officer and man of -the Sixth Marine Division. The esprit de corps, persistent, -dogged determination, and outstanding fighting ability demonstrated -during the seizure of Oroku Peninsula are worthy of -the greatest praise. The Commanding General congratulates each -individual for his accomplishments.</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c008'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>/S/ LEMUEL <abbr class='spell'>C.</abbr> SHEPHERD, JR.,</div> - <div class='line'>Major General, <abbr class='spell'>U. S.</abbr> Marine Corps,</div> - <div class='line'>Commanding, Sixth Marine Division.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c005'><i>COPY</i></p> -<p class='c012'><a id='Page_47'></a><i>COPY</i></p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c008'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>1990-10-10</div> - <div class='line'>046/171</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>HEADQUARTERS</div> - <div class='line'>SIXTH MARINE DIVISION</div> - <div class='line'>IN THE FIELD</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>21 June 1945.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>SO: 155-45</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c005'>1. Organized resistance within the Sixth Marine Division -zone of action ended today. In the 82 days which have passed since -the division landed on the YONTAN beaches much ground has been -gained, many Japs killed and numerous localities of great importance -to our nation have been captured. These continuing -successes have only been realized through the superb performance -of duty on the part of every unit throughout the division. The -aggressive conduct of units in contact with the enemy coupled -with the tireless support rendered by units behind the lines, -both tactical and logistical, are in keeping with the indomitable -fighting spirit of which this division is so justly proud. Every -officer and man may look upon the activities of the past three -months as a hard job superbly accomplished.</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c008'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>/S/ LEMUEL <abbr class='spell'>C.</abbr> SHEPHERD, JR.,</div> - <div class='line'>Major General, <abbr class='spell'>U. S.</abbr> Marine Corps,</div> - <div class='line'>Commanding, Sixth Marine Division.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c005'><i>COPY</i></p> -<p class='c012'><a id='Page_48'></a><i>COPY</i></p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c008'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>1355</div> - <div class='line'>015-214</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>HEADQUARTERS</div> - <div class='line'>SIXTH MARINE DIVISION</div> - <div class='line'>IN THE FIELD</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>23 June 1945.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>SO: 158-45.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c005'>1. The Commanding General takes pleasure in quoting to -all officers and men of the Sixth Marine Division the following -message from the Commanding General, <abbr title='third'>III</abbr> Amphibious Corps:</p> - -<p class='c010'>“UPON THE COMPLETION OF ORGANIZED RESISTANCE IN -OKINAWA I COMMEND ALL UNITS OF THE <abbr title='third'>III</abbr> PHIB CORPS -FOR THEIR INDOMITABLE SPIRIT IN OVERCOMING ENEMY -RESISTANCE AND FURNISHING SERVICES AND SUPPORT TO -THE FIGHTING MEN X AS A TEAM YOU ALL WERE SUPERB -AND DISPLAYED THE SPIRIT AND PROFESSIONAL SKILL -WHICH WILL CARRY US TO TOKYO X”</p> - -<p class='c011'>2. The outstanding fighting ability demonstrated by combat -troops of this division, together with the excellent performance -of duty by supporting units during the past three months, will -stand out as an example of courage and determination of the -individual Marine to surmount all obstacles and defeat a well-organized -and fanatical foe. The Sixth Marine Division has lived -up to the highest traditions of the Marine Corps and may well -be proud of its outstanding achievements.</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c008'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>/S/ LEMUEL <abbr class='spell'>C.</abbr> SHEPHERD, JR.,</div> - <div class='line'>Major General, <abbr class='spell'>U. S.</abbr> Marine Corps,</div> - <div class='line'>Commanding, Sixth Marine Division.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c005'><i>COPY</i></p> -<div class='lg-container-l c009'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><a id='Page_49'></a>1990-10-50</div> - <div class='line'>048-214</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>HEADQUARTERS</div> - <div class='line'>SIXTH MARINE DIVISION</div> - <div class='line'>IN THE FIELD</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>27 June 1945.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>SO: 164-45.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c005'>1. The Commanding General proudly quotes to all units of -the Sixth Marine Division the following message from the Commanding -General, Tenth Army:</p> - -<p class='c010'>“THE COMMANDING GENERAL, <abbr title='tenth'>10TH</abbr> ARMY, TAKES GREAT PLEASURE -IN FORWARDING THE FOLLOWING DISPATCH DTG 221645 JUNE 45 -QUOTE FROM: COMMANDANT MARINE CORPS TO: COMGENTEN X OFFICERS -AND MEN OF THE MARINE CORPS PROUDLY SEND CONGRATULATIONS -TO YOU AND THE FORCES UNDER YOUR COMMAND FOR YOUR SPLENDID -VICTORY AT OKINAWA X THE <abbr title='tenth'>10TH</abbr> ARMY IN COMPLETING THE INITIAL -CHAPTER OF ITS HISTORY CARRIED THE WAR TO THE THRESHOLD OF -THE EMPIRE X WE EXTEND OUR BEST WISHES FOR YOUR CONTINUED -SUCCESS AND THE GALLANT TROOPS AT OKINAWA WE SAY WELL DONE”</p> - -<p class='c011'>2. In addition to the above official dispatch, the Commanding -General takes pleasure in quoting the following excerpt -from a personal letter recently received from the Commandant of -the Marine Corps:</p> - -<p class='c010'>“I wish to write you personally to say what marvelous -work your division has done.——</p> - -<p class='c013'>“I want you, your officers and men, to know how deeply -grateful we at home here are that we belong to the same -outfit that has been doing the fighting out there.</p> - -<p class='c013'><abbr class='spell'>A. A.</abbr> VANDEGRIFT”</p> - -<p class='c011'>3. Every officer and man of the Sixth Marine Division may -justly be proud of these words of praise from our Commandant. -To have been a member of the Sixth Marine Division on Okinawa is -an honor which cannot be excelled. You have all lived up to the -highest traditions of the Marine Corps.</p> - -<div class='lg-container-l c008'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>/S/ LEMUEL <abbr class='spell'>C.</abbr> SHEPHERD, JR.,</div> - <div class='line'>Major General, <abbr class='spell'>U. S.</abbr> Marine Corps,</div> - <div class='line'>Commanding, Sixth Marine Division.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<p class='c005'><i>COPY</i></p> -<div class='chapter'> - <a id='Page_50'></a> - <h2 class='c003'>APPENDIX “B” <br /> SIXTH MARINE DIVISION COMMAND LIST</h2> -</div> -<div class='lg-container-l c006'> - <div class='linegroup'> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>From 7Sep44 to 31Mar46</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><b>Division Commander</b>:</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'>Brig. Gen. Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr., <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>7-11Sept44.</div> - <div class='line'>Maj. Gen. Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>12Sept44 to 23Dec45.</div> - <div class='line'>Maj. Gen. Archie F. Howard, <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>24Dec45 to 31Mar46.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><b>Assistant Division Commander</b>:</div> - <div class='line'>Brig. Gen. William T. Clement, <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>11Nov44 to 31Mar46.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><b>Chief of Staff</b>:</div> - <div class='line'>Col. John T. Walker, <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>7Sept to 16Nov44.</div> - <div class='line'>Col. John C. McQueen, <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>17Nov44 to 16Feb46.</div> - <div class='line'>Col. Harry E. Dunkelberger, <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>17Feb to 31Mar46.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><b>Assistant Chief of Staff, G-1</b>:</div> - <div class='line'>Major Addison B. Overstreet, <abbr class='spell'>USMCR</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>7Sept44 to 22Jul45.</div> - <div class='line'>Col. Karl K. Louther, <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>23Jul to 17Nov45.</div> - <div class='line'>Lt. Col. Frederick Belton, <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>18Nov45 to 31Mar46.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><b>Assistant Chief of Staff, G-2</b>:</div> - <div class='line'>Lt. Col. August Larson, <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>7Sept to 30Sept44.</div> - <div class='line'>Major William R. Watson, Jr., <abbr class='spell'>USMCR</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>1Oct to 9Nov44.</div> - <div class='line'>Lt. Col. Thomas E. Williams, <abbr class='spell'>USMCR</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>10Nov44 to 16Feb46.</div> - <div class='line'>Lt. Col. Carl V. Larsen, <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>17Feb to 31Mar46.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><b>Assistant Chief of Staff, G-3</b>:</div> - <div class='line'>Lt. Col. Thomas A. Culhane, Jr., <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>7Sept to 10Nov44.</div> - <div class='line'>Lt. Col. Victor H. Krulak, <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>11Nov44 to 26Oct45.</div> - <div class='line'>Lt. Col. Wayne H. Adams, <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>27Oct to 31Dec45.</div> - <div class='line'>Lt. Col. George W. Killen, <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>1Jan to 31Mar46.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><b>Assistant Chief of Staff, G-4</b>:</div> - <div class='line'>Lt. Col. August Larson, <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>1Oct44 to 17May45.</div> - <div class='line'>Lt. Col. Wayne H. Adams, <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>18May45 to 31Dec45.</div> - <div class='line'>Lt. Col. Samuel R. Shaw, <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>1Jan to 31Mar46.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><a id='Page_51'></a><b>CO Hq Bn</b>:</div> - <div class='line'>Lt. Col. Floyd A. Stephenson, <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>(Activated 25Sept44)</div> - <div class='line'>25Sept44 to 31Mar46.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><b>CO Service Troops</b>:</div> - <div class='line'>Lt. Col. Floyd A. Stephenson, <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>(Activated 24Oct44)</div> - <div class='line'>24Oct to 11Nov44.</div> - <div class='line'>Col. William W. Orr, <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>12Nov44 to 3Dec45.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><b>CO 6th Motor Transport Bn</b>:</div> - <div class='line'>Major Ernest H. Gould, <abbr class='spell'>USMCR</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>(Activated 23Sept44)</div> - <div class='line'>23Sept44 to 30Mar45.</div> - <div class='line'>Lt. Col. Ernest H. Gould, <abbr class='spell'>USMCR</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>30Mar to 24Jul45.</div> - <div class='line'>Lt. Col. Robert E. McCook, <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>25Jul45 to 31Mar46.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><b>CO 6th Service Bn</b>:</div> - <div class='line'>Lt. Col. Floyd A. Stephenson, <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>(Activated 24Oct44)</div> - <div class='line'>24Oct to 12Nov44.</div> - <div class='line'>Major Charles N. Hulvey, Jr., <abbr class='spell'>USMCR</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>13Nov to 17Dec44.</div> - <div class='line'>Lt. Col. Erma A. Wright, <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>18Dec44 to 26Jan45.</div> - <div class='line'>Lt. Col. George B. Bell, <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>27Jan to 26Mar45.</div> - <div class='line'>Lt. Col. Alexander N. Entringer, <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>27Mar45 to 19Mar46.</div> - <div class='line'>Lt. Col. Robert E. McCook, <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>20-31Mar46.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><b>CO 6th Medical Bn</b>:</div> - <div class='line'>Lt. Comdr. John S. Cowan, USN(MC)</div> - <div class='line'>(Activated 24Nov44)</div> - <div class='line'>24Nov44 to 18Jun45.</div> - <div class='line'>Commander John S. Cowan, USN(MC)</div> - <div class='line'>19Jun45 to 27Jan46.</div> - <div class='line'>Lt. Comdr. Rich H. Pembroke, USNR(MC)</div> - <div class='line'>28Jan to 26Mar46.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><b>CO 6th Engineer Bn</b>:</div> - <div class='line'>Capt. Wm. C. McLaughlin, <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>(Activated 1Nov44)</div> - <div class='line'>1-13Nov44.</div> - <div class='line'>Major Elliot B. Robertson, <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>14Nov to 28Dec44.</div> - <div class='line'>Major Paul F. Sackett, <abbr class='spell'>USMCR</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>29Dec44 to 23Jul45.</div> - <div class='line'>Major Robert S. Mayo, <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>24-31Jul45.</div> - <div class='line'>Major Paul F. Sackett, <abbr class='spell'>USMCR</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>1Aug to 22Sept45.</div> - <div class='line'>Lt. Col. Orin C. Bjornsrud, <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>23Sept45 to 25Mar46.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><b>CO 6th Pioneer Bn</b>:</div> - <div class='line'>Lt. Col. Samuel R. Shaw, <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>(Activated 10Nov44)</div> - <div class='line'>10Nov44 to 10May45.</div> - <div class='line'>Major John G. Dibble, <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>11May to 22Jun45.</div> - <div class='line'>Lt. Col. Samuel R. Shaw, <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>23Jun to 21Oct45.</div> - <div class='line'>Lt. Col. Harry A. Schmitz, <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>22Oct45 to 31Mar46.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><a id='Page_52'></a><b>CO 6th Tank Bn</b>:</div> - <div class='line'>Major Harry T. Milne, <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>29Sept to 16Oct44.</div> - <div class='line'>Lt. Col. Robert L. Denig, Jr., <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>17Oct44 to 26Mar46.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><b>CO 15th Marines</b>:</div> - <div class='line'>Col. Wilburt S. Brown, <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>(Activated 23Oct44)</div> - <div class='line'>23Oct to 17Nov44.</div> - <div class='line'>Lt. Col. Robert B. Luckey, <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>18Nov to 23Dec44.</div> - <div class='line'>Col. Robert B. Luckey, <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>24Dec44 to 15Mar46.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><b>CO 4th Marines</b>:</div> - <div class='line'>Col. Alan Shapley, <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>7Sept44 to 3Jul45.</div> - <div class='line'>Lt. Col. Fred D. Beans, <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>4Jul45 to 28Jan46.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><b>CO 22d Marines</b>:</div> - <div class='line'>Col. Merlin F. Schneider, <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>(Activated Jun42)</div> - <div class='line'>7Sept44 to 16May45.</div> - <div class='line'>Col. Harold C. Roberts, <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>17May to 18Jun45.</div> - <div class='line'>Lt. Col. August Larson, <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>19-24Jun45.</div> - <div class='line'>Col. John D. Blanchard, <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>25Jun45 to 31Mar46.</div> - </div> - <div class='group'> - <div class='line'><b>CO <abbr title='twenty-ninth'>29th</abbr> Marines</b>:</div> - <div class='line'>Col. Victor F. Bleasdale, <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>(Activated 1May44)</div> - <div class='line'>7Sept44 to 14Apr45.</div> - <div class='line'>Col. William J. Whaling, <abbr class='spell'>USMC</abbr></div> - <div class='line'>15Apr45 to 31Mar46.</div> - </div> - </div> -</div> - -<div class='chapter'> - <a id='Page_53'></a> - <h2 class='c003'>APPENDIX “C” <br /> Sixth Marine Division Insignia</h2> -</div> - -<p class='c004'>The basic design for the shoulder patch of the Sixth Marine Division was submitted -by Colonel Victor Bleasdale of the Twenty Ninth Marines. The design as finally -adopted, incorporated ideas of Corporal Michael W. Pawl and Major General Lemuel C. -Shepherd, Jr. The artist who actually drew and colored the design was Lieutenant -George Thompson.</p> - -<p class='c005'>The outside diameter of the patch is three inches and the diameter of the inner -circle is two and one fourth inches. Embroidered on the red outer border are the words -Melanesia—Micronesia—Orient. Superimposed upon a crusader sword in the center of -the patch is a one and a quarter inch block numeral “6”, two inches long. The shading -of the “6” is in the same color as the outer border. The “6” and the lettering of the -words on the border is golden yellow. Cobalt blue is the color of the center background -and the crusader sword is silver white.</p> - -<p class='c005'>To commemorate the fighting in the Solomons of the Raider Battalions, from which -the Fourth Regiment was formed, the word Melanesia was chosen. Similarly, the word -Micronesia commemorates the fighting of the Twenty Second Marines at Eniwetok, the -First Provisional Brigade on Guam, and the First Battalion, Twenty Ninth Marines, at -Saipan.</p> - -<p class='c005'>The board of officers, representing all units of the division, which adopted the patch -selected the word Orient for two reasons: First, because China was the home of the old -Fourth Marine Regiment, lost in the early days of the war on Bataan. The Raider Battalions -were the units used to reactivate the Fourth Marines. The second reason advanced -by the board was, that it was their belief that in its final stages, the war -against Japan would have to be fought in the Orient. It is significant that the division -took part in the last campaign, which was fought on Okinawa, and, as predicted, in -the Orient.</p> - -<p class='c005'>The crusader’s sword was chosen as a symbol of the Sixth Marine Division’s crusade -against the tyrannical principles of the axis powers.</p> - -<p class='c005'>In a special order, dated 17 October 1944, General Shepherd brought the insignia -into official existence.</p> -<div> - - <ul class='ul_1 c002'> - <li>Transcriber’s Notes: - <ul class='ul_2'> - <li>Footnotes have been collected at the end of the text, and are linked for ease of - reference. - </li> - </ul> - </li> - </ul> - -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE SIXTH MARINE DIVISION ***</div> -<div style='text-align:left'> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will -be renamed. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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