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diff --git a/old/67001-0.txt b/old/67001-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 51306f8..0000000 --- a/old/67001-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,3882 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of Historical Record of the Seventy-Third -Regiment, by Richard Cannon - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: Historical Record of the Seventy-Third Regiment - Containing an account of the formation of the Regiment from the - period of its being raised as the Second Battalion of the - Forty-Second Royal Highlanders in 1780 and of its subsequent - services to 1851 - -Author: Richard Cannon - -Release Date: December 23, 2021 [eBook #67001] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -Produced by: Brian Coe, John Campbell and the Online Distributed - Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was - produced from images generously made available by The Internet - Archive) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE -SEVENTY-THIRD REGIMENT *** - - - - - TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE - - Italic text is denoted by _underscores_. - - Footnote anchors are denoted by [number], and the footnotes have been - placed at the end of each major section. - - A superscript is denoted by ^x or ^{xx}, for example S^t or 4^{th}. - - The tables in this book are best viewed using a monospace font. - - Some minor changes to the text are noted at the end of the book. - - - - - HISTORICAL RECORD - - OF - - THE SEVENTY-THIRD REGIMENT: - - CONTAINING - - AN ACCOUNT OF THE FORMATION OF THE REGIMENT - - FROM THE PERIOD OF ITS BEING RAISED - - AS THE SECOND BATTALION - - OF THE - - FORTY-SECOND ROYAL HIGHLANDERS, - - IN 1780 - AND OF ITS SUBSEQUENT SERVICES - TO 1851. - - COMPILED BY - - RICHARD CANNON, ESQ., - ADJUTANT-GENERAL’S OFFICE, HORSE GUARDS. - - ILLUSTRATED WITH PLATES. - - LONDON: - PARKER, FURNIVALL, & PARKER, - 30, CHARING CROSS. - - M DCCC LI. - - - - -GENERAL ORDERS. - - _HORSE-GUARDS_, - _1st January, 1836_. - -His Majesty has been pleased to command that, with the view of -doing the fullest justice to Regiments, as well as to Individuals -who have distinguished themselves by their Bravery in Action with -the Enemy, an Account of the Services of every Regiment in the -British Army shall be published under the superintendence and -direction of the Adjutant-General; and that this Account shall -contain the following particulars, viz.:-- - - ---- The Period and Circumstances of the Original Formation of - the Regiment; The Stations at which it has been from time to time - employed; The Battles, Sieges, and other Military Operations - in which it has been engaged, particularly specifying any - Achievement it may have performed, and the Colours, Trophies, - &c., it may have captured from the Enemy. - - ---- The Names of the Officers, and the number of - Non-Commissioned Officers and Privates Killed or Wounded by the - Enemy, specifying the place and Date of the Action. - - ---- The Names of those Officers who, in consideration of their - Gallant Services and Meritorious Conduct in Engagements with the - Enemy, have been distinguished with Titles, Medals, or other - Marks of His Majesty’s gracious favour. - - ---- The Names of all such Officers, Non-Commissioned Officers, - and Privates, as may have specially signalized themselves in - Action. - - And, - - ---- The Badges and Devices which the Regiment may have been - permitted to bear, and the Causes on account of which such Badges - or Devices, or any other Marks of Distinction, have been granted. - - By Command of the Right Honorable - GENERAL LORD HILL, - _Commanding-in-Chief_. - - JOHN MACDONALD, - _Adjutant-General_. - - - - -PREFACE. - - -The character and credit of the British Army must chiefly depend -upon the zeal and ardour by which all who enter into its service -are animated, and consequently it is of the highest importance that -any measure calculated to excite the spirit of emulation, by which -alone great and gallant actions are achieved, should be adopted. - -Nothing can more fully tend to the accomplishment of this desirable -object than a full display of the noble deeds with which the -Military History of our country abounds. To hold forth these bright -examples to the imitation of the youthful soldier, and thus to -incite him to emulate the meritorious conduct of those who have -preceded him in their honorable career, are among the motives that -have given rise to the present publication. - -The operations of the British Troops are, indeed, announced in the -“London Gazette,” from whence they are transferred into the public -prints: the achievements of our armies are thus made known at the -time of their occurrence, and receive the tribute of praise and -admiration to which they are entitled. On extraordinary occasions, -the Houses of Parliament have been in the habit of conferring on -the Commanders, and the Officers and Troops acting under their -orders, expressions of approbation and of thanks for their skill -and bravery, and these testimonials, confirmed by the high honour -of their Sovereign’s approbation, constitute the reward which the -soldier most highly prizes. - -It has not, however, until late years, been the practice (which -appears to have long prevailed in some of the Continental armies) -for British Regiments to keep regular records of their services -and achievements. Hence some difficulty has been experienced in -obtaining, particularly from the old Regiments, an authentic -account of their origin and subsequent services. - -This defect will now be remedied, in consequence of His Majesty -having been pleased to command that every Regiment shall, in -future, keep a full and ample record of its services at home and -abroad. - -From the materials thus collected, the country will henceforth -derive information as to the difficulties and privations which -chequer the career of those who embrace the military profession. In -Great Britain, where so large a number of persons are devoted to -the active concerns of agriculture, manufactures, and commerce, and -where these pursuits have, for so long a period, been undisturbed -by the _presence of war_, which few other countries have escaped, -comparatively little is known of the vicissitudes of active service -and of the casualties of climate, to which, even during peace, the -British Troops are exposed in every part of the globe, with little -or no interval of repose. - -In their tranquil enjoyment of the blessings which the country -derives from the industry and the enterprise of the agriculturist -and the trader, its happy inhabitants may be supposed not often to -reflect on the perilous duties of the soldier and the sailor,--on -their sufferings,--and on the sacrifice of valuable life, by which -so many national benefits are obtained and preserved. - -The conduct of the British Troops, their valour, and endurance, -have shone conspicuously under great and trying difficulties; and -their character has been established in Continental warfare by the -irresistible spirit with which they have effected debarkations in -spite of the most formidable opposition, and by the gallantry and -steadiness with which they have maintained their advantages against -superior numbers. - -In the official Reports made by the respective Commanders, ample -justice has generally been done to the gallant exertions of the -Corps employed; but the details of their services and of acts of -individual bravery can only be fully given in the Annals of the -various Regiments. - -These Records are now preparing for publication, under His -Majesty’s special authority, by Mr. RICHARD CANNON, Principal Clerk -of the Adjutant General’s Office; and while the perusal of them -cannot fail to be useful and interesting to military men of every -rank, it is considered that they will also afford entertainment and -information to the general reader, particularly to those who may -have served in the Army, or who have relatives in the Service. - -There exists in the breasts of most of those who have served, or -are serving, in the Army, an _Esprit de Corps_--an attachment -to everything belonging to their Regiment; to such persons a -narrative of the services of their own Corps cannot fail to prove -interesting. Authentic accounts of the actions of the great, the -valiant, the loyal, have always been of paramount interest with -a brave and civilized people. Great Britain has produced a race -of heroes who, in moments of danger and terror, have stood “firm -as the rocks of their native shore:” and when half the world has -been arrayed against them, they have fought the battles of their -Country with unshaken fortitude. It is presumed that a record of -achievements in war,--victories so complete and surprising, gained -by our countrymen, our brothers, our fellow-citizens in arms,--a -record which revives the memory of the brave, and brings their -gallant deeds before us,--will certainly prove acceptable to the -public. - -Biographical Memoirs of the Colonels and other distinguished -Officers will be introduced in the Records of their respective -Regiments, and the Honorary Distinctions which have, from time to -time, been conferred upon each Regiment, as testifying the value -and importance of its services, will be faithfully set forth. - -As a convenient mode of Publication, the Record of each Regiment -will be printed in a distinct number, so that when the whole shall -be completed, the Parts may be bound up in numerical succession. - - - - -INTRODUCTION - -TO - -THE INFANTRY. - - -The natives of Britain have, at all periods, been celebrated for -innate courage and unshaken firmness, and the national superiority -of the British troops over those of other countries has been -evinced in the midst of the most imminent perils. History contains -so many proofs of extraordinary acts of bravery, that no doubts can -be raised upon the facts which are recorded. It must therefore be -admitted, that the distinguishing feature of the British soldier is -INTREPIDITY. This quality was evinced by the inhabitants of England -when their country was invaded by Julius Cæsar with a Roman army, -on which occasion the undaunted Britons rushed into the sea to -attack the Roman soldiers as they descended from their ships; and, -although their discipline and arms were inferior to those of their -adversaries, yet their fierce and dauntless bearing intimidated -the flower of the Roman troops, including Cæsar’s favourite tenth -legion. Their arms consisted of spears, short swords, and other -weapons of rude construction. They had chariots, to the axles of -which were fastened sharp pieces of iron resembling scythe-blades, -and infantry in long chariots resembling waggons, who alighted -and fought on foot, and for change of ground, pursuit or retreat, -sprang into the chariot and drove off with the speed of cavalry. -These inventions were, however, unavailing against Cæsar’s -legions: in the course of time a military system, with discipline -and subordination, was introduced, and British courage, being -thus regulated, was exerted to the greatest advantage; a full -development of the national character followed, and it shone forth -in all its native brilliancy. - -The military force of the Anglo-Saxons consisted principally of -infantry: Thanes, and other men of property, however, fought on -horseback. The infantry were of two classes, heavy and light. The -former carried large shields armed with spikes, long broad swords -and spears; and the latter were armed with swords or spears only. -They had also men armed with clubs, others with battle-axes and -javelins. - -The feudal troops established by William the Conqueror consisted -(as already stated in the Introduction to the Cavalry) almost -entirely of horse; but when the warlike barons and knights, with -their trains of tenants and vassals, took the field, a proportion -of men appeared on foot, and, although these were of inferior -degree, they proved stout-hearted Britons of stanch fidelity. When -stipendiary troops were employed, infantry always constituted a -considerable portion of the military force; and this _arme_ has -since acquired, in every quarter of the globe, a celebrity never -exceeded by the armies of any nation at any period. - -The weapons carried by the infantry, during the several reigns -succeeding the Conquest, were bows and arrows, half-pikes, lances, -halberds, various kinds of battle-axes, swords, and daggers. Armour -was worn on the head and body, and in course of time the practice -became general for military men to be so completely cased in steel, -that it was almost impossible to slay them. - -The introduction of the use of gunpowder in the destructive -purposes of war, in the early part of the fourteenth -century, produced a change in the arms and equipment of the -infantry-soldier. Bows and arrows gave place to various kinds of -fire-arms, but British archers continued formidable adversaries; -and, owing to the inconvenient construction and imperfect bore of -the fire-arms when first introduced, a body of men, well trained -in the use of the bow from their youth, was considered a valuable -acquisition to every army, even as late as the sixteenth century. - -During a great part of the reign of Queen Elizabeth each company -of infantry usually consisted of men armed five different ways; in -every hundred men forty were “_men-at-arms_,” and sixty “_shot_;” -the “men-at-arms” were ten halberdiers, or battle-axe men, and -thirty pikemen; and the “shot” were twenty archers, twenty -musketeers, and twenty harquebusiers, and each man carried, besides -his principal weapon, a sword and dagger. - -Companies of infantry varied at this period in numbers from 150 -to 300 men; each company had a colour or ensign, and the mode of -formation recommended by an English military writer (Sir John -Smithe) in 1590 was:--the colour in the centre of the company -guarded by the halberdiers; the pikemen in equal proportions, on -each flank of the halberdiers: half the musketeers on each flank -of the pikes; half the archers on each flank of the musketeers, -and the harquebusiers (whose arms were much lighter than the -muskets then in use) in equal proportions on each flank of the -company for skirmishing.[1] It was customary to unite a number -of companies into one body, called a REGIMENT, which frequently -amounted to three thousand men: but each company continued to carry -a colour. Numerous improvements were eventually introduced in the -construction of fire-arms, and, it having been found impossible to -make armour proof against the muskets then in use (which carried -a very heavy ball) without its being too weighty for the soldier, -armour was gradually laid aside by the infantry in the seventeenth -century: bows and arrows also fell into disuse, and the infantry -were reduced to two classes, viz.: _musketeers_, armed with -matchlock muskets, swords, and daggers; and _pikemen_, armed with -pikes from fourteen to eighteen feet long, and swords. - -In the early part of the seventeenth century Gustavus Adolphus, -King of Sweden, reduced the strength of regiments to 1000 men. He -caused the gunpowder, which had heretofore been carried in flasks, -or in small wooden bandoliers, each containing a charge, to be -made up into cartridges, and carried in pouches; and he formed -each regiment into two wings of musketeers, and a centre division -of pikemen. He also adopted the practice of forming four regiments -into a brigade; and the number of colours was afterwards reduced to -three in each regiment. He formed his columns so compactly that his -infantry could resist the charge of the celebrated Polish horsemen -and Austrian cuirassiers; and his armies became the admiration of -other nations. His mode of formation was copied by the English, -French, and other European states; but so great was the prejudice -in favour of ancient customs, that all his improvements were not -adopted until near a century afterwards. - -In 1664 King Charles II. raised a corps for sea-service, styled -the Admiral’s regiment. In 1678 each company of 100 men usually -consisted of 30 pikemen, 60 musketeers, and 10 men armed with light -firelocks. In this year the King added a company of men armed with -hand grenades to each of the old British regiments, which was -designated the “grenadier company.” Daggers were so contrived as to -fit in the muzzles of the muskets, and bayonets, similar to those -at present in use, were adopted about twenty years afterwards. - -An Ordnance regiment was raised in 1685, by order of King James -II., to guard the artillery, and was designated the Royal Fusiliers -(now 7th Foot). This corps, and the companies of grenadiers, did -not carry pikes. - -King William III. incorporated the Admiral’s regiment in the second -Foot Guards, and raised two Marine regiments for sea-service. -During the war in this reign, each company of infantry (excepting -the fusiliers and grenadiers) consisted of 14 pikemen and 46 -musketeers; the captains carried pikes; lieutenants, partisans; -ensigns, half-pikes; and serjeants, halberds. After the peace in -1697 the Marine regiments were disbanded, but were again formed on -the breaking out of the war in 1702.[2] - -During the reign of Queen Anne the pikes were laid aside, and every -infantry soldier was armed with a musket, bayonet, and sword; the -grenadiers ceased, about the same period, to carry hand grenades; -and the regiments were directed to lay aside their third colour: -the corps of Royal Artillery was first added to the Army in this -reign. - -About the year 1745, the men of the battalion companies of infantry -ceased to carry swords; during the reign of George II. light -companies were added to infantry regiments; and in 1764 a Board of -General Officers recommended that the grenadiers should lay aside -their swords, as that weapon had never been used during the Seven -Years’ War. Since that period the arms of the infantry soldier have -been limited to the musket and bayonet. - -The arms and equipment of the British Troops have seldom differed -materially, since the Conquest, from those of other European -states; and in some respects the arming has, at certain periods, -been allowed to be inferior to that of the nations with whom they -have had to contend; yet, under this disadvantage, the bravery and -superiority of the British infantry have been evinced on very many -and most trying occasions, and splendid victories have been gained -over very superior numbers. - -Great Britain has produced a race of lion-like champions who have -dared to confront a host of foes, and have proved themselves -valiant with any arms. At _Crecy_, King Edward III., at the head -of about 30,000 men, defeated, on the 26th of August, 1346, Philip -King of France, whose army is said to have amounted to 100,000 -men; here British valour encountered veterans of renown:--the -King of Bohemia, the King of Majorca, and many princes and nobles -were slain, and the French army was routed and cut to pieces. Ten -years afterwards, Edward Prince of Wales, who was designated the -Black Prince, defeated, at _Poictiers_, with 14,000 men, a French -army of 60,000 horse, besides infantry, and took John I., King of -France, and his son Philip, prisoners. On the 25th of October, -1415, King Henry V., with an army of about 13,000 men, although -greatly exhausted by marches, privations, and sickness, defeated, -at _Agincourt_, the Constable of France, at the head of the flower -of the French nobility and an army said to amount to 60,000 men, -and gained a complete victory. - -During the seventy years’ war between the United Provinces of the -Netherlands and the Spanish monarchy, which commenced in 1578 and -terminated in 1648, the British infantry in the service of the -States-General were celebrated for their unconquerable spirit and -firmness;[3] and in the thirty years’ war between the Protestant -Princes and the Emperor of Germany, the British Troops in the -service of Sweden and other states were celebrated for deeds of -heroism.[4] In the wars of Queen Anne, the fame of the British -army under the great MARLBOROUGH was spread throughout the world; -and if we glance at the achievements performed within the memory -of persons now living, there is abundant proof that the Britons -of the present age are not inferior to their ancestors in the -qualities which constitute good soldiers. Witness the deeds of -the brave men, of whom there are many now surviving, who fought in -Egypt in 1801, under the brave Abercromby, and compelled the French -army, which had been vainly styled _Invincible_, to evacuate that -country; also the services of the gallant Troops during the arduous -campaigns in the Peninsula, under the immortal WELLINGTON; and -the determined stand made by the British Army at Waterloo, where -Napoleon Bonaparte, who had long been the inveterate enemy of Great -Britain, and had sought and planned her destruction by every means -he could devise, was compelled to leave his vanquished legions to -their fate, and to place himself at the disposal of the British -Government. These achievements, with others of recent dates, in the -distant climes of India, prove that the same valour and constancy -which glowed in the breasts of the heroes of Crecy, Poictiers, -Agincourt, Blenheim, and Ramilies, continue to animate the Britons -of the nineteenth century. - -The British Soldier is distinguished for a robust and muscular -frame,--intrepidity which no danger can appal,--unconquerable -spirit and resolution,--patience in fatigue and privation, and -cheerful obedience to his superiors. These qualities, united with -an excellent system of order and discipline to regulate and give -a skilful direction to the energies and adventurous spirit of -the hero, and a wise selection of officers of superior talent to -command, whose presence inspires confidence,--have been the leading -causes of the splendid victories gained by the British arms.[5] -The fame of the deeds of the past and present generations in the -various battle-fields where the robust sons of Albion have fought -and conquered, surrounds the British arms with a halo of glory; -these achievements will live in the page of history to the end of -time. - -The records of the several regiments will be found to contain a -detail of facts of an interesting character, connected with the -hardships, sufferings, and gallant exploits of British soldiers in -the various parts of the world where the calls of their Country -and the commands of their Sovereign have required them to proceed -in the execution of their duty, whether in active continental -operations, or in maintaining colonial territories in distant and -unfavourable climes. - -The superiority of the British infantry has been pre-eminently set -forth in the wars of six centuries, and admitted by the greatest -commanders which Europe has produced. The formations and movements -of this _arme_, as at present practised, while they are adapted -to every species of warfare, and to all probable situations -and circumstances of service, are calculated to show forth the -brilliancy of military tactics calculated upon mathematical and -scientific principles. Although the movements and evolutions have -been copied from the continental armies, yet various improvements -have from time to time been introduced, to insure that simplicity -and celerity by which the superiority of the national military -character is maintained. The rank and influence which Great Britain -has attained among the nations of the world, have in a great -measure been purchased by the valour of the Army, and to persons -who have the welfare of their country at heart, the records of the -several regiments cannot fail to prove interesting. - - -FOOTNOTES: - -[1] A company of 200 men would appear thus:-- - - __| - | | - |__| - | - 20 20 20 30 2|0 30 20 20 20 - | - Harquebuses. Muskets. Halberds. Muskets. Harquebuses. - Archers. Pikes. Pikes. Archers. - -The musket carried a ball which weighed 1/10th of a pound; and the -harquebus a ball which weighed 1/25th of a pound. - -[2] The 30th, 31st, and 32nd Regiments were formed as Marine corps -in 1702, and were employed as such during the wars in the reign -of Queen Anne. The Marine corps were embarked in the Fleet under -Admiral Sir George Rooke, and were at the taking of Gibraltar, and -in its subsequent defence in 1704; they were afterwards employed at -the siege of Barcelona in 1705. - -[3] The brave Sir Roger Williams, in his Discourse on War, printed -in 1590, observes:--“I persuade myself ten thousand of our nation -would beat thirty thousand of theirs (the Spaniards) out of the -field, let them be chosen where they list.” Yet at this time the -Spanish infantry was allowed to be the best disciplined in Europe. -For instances of valour displayed by the British Infantry during -the Seventy Years’ War, see the Historical Record of the Third -Foot, or Buffs. - -[4] _Vide_ the Historical Record of the First, or Royal Regiment of -Foot. - -[5] “Under the blessing of Divine Providence, His Majesty ascribes -the successes which have attended the exertions of his troops in -Egypt to that determined bravery which is inherent in Britons; but -His Majesty desires it may be most solemnly and forcibly impressed -on the consideration of every part of the army, that it has been a -strict observance of order, discipline, and military system, which -has given the full energy to the native valour of the troops, and -has enabled them proudly to assert the superiority of the national -military character, in situations uncommonly arduous, and under -circumstances of peculiar difficulty.”--_General Orders in 1801._ - -In the General Orders issued by Lieut.-General Sir John Hope -(afterwards Lord Hopetoun), congratulating the army upon the -successful result of the Battle of Corunna, on the 16th of January, -1809, it is stated:--“On no occasion has the undaunted valour of -British troops ever been more manifest. At the termination of a -severe and harassing march, rendered necessary by the superiority -which the enemy had acquired, and which had materially impaired -the efficiency of the troops, many disadvantages were to be -encountered. These have all been surmounted by the conduct of the -troops themselves: and the enemy has been taught, that whatever -advantages of position or of numbers he may possess, there is -inherent in the British officers and soldiers a bravery that knows -not how to yield,--that no circumstances can appal,--and that will -ensure victory, when it is to be obtained by the exertion of any -human means.” - - - - - THE SEVENTY-THIRD REGIMENT - - BEARS ON THE REGIMENTAL COLOUR AND APPOINTMENTS - - THE WORD “MANGALORE,” - - IN COMMEMORATION OF THE GALLANT DEFENCE OF THAT FORTRESS IN 1783; - - ALSO, - - THE WORD “SERINGAPATAM,” - - FOR THE SIEGE AND CAPTURE OF THAT PLACE IN 1799; - - AND, - - THE WORD “WATERLOO,” - - IN TESTIMONY OF THE GALLANTRY OF THE SECOND BATTALION - AT THAT BATTLE ON THE 18th OF JUNE, 1815. - - - - -THE - -SEVENTY-THIRD REGIMENT. - - -CONTENTS - -OF THE - -HISTORICAL RECORD. - - - Year Page - - INTRODUCTION 1 - - 1780 Formation of the second battalion of the forty-second, - afterwards the SEVENTY-THIRD regiment 5 - - 1781 Embarked for India 6 - - 1782 Campaign against Hyder Ali, and Tippoo Saib -- - - ---- Operations before _Paniané_ 7 - - ---- Defeat of Tippoo’s army 8 - - ---- Decease of Hyder Ali, and succession of Tippoo to the - throne of Mysore -- - - 1783 Siege and capture of _Onore_ 9 - - ---- Action at the Hussanghurry Ghaut -- - - ---- Occupation of _Mangalore_ by the British -- - - ---- _Mangalore_ invested by Tippoo Sultan -- - - ---- Defence of _Mangalore_ 10 - - ---- The Royal authority granted for bearing the word - “_Mangalore_” on the regimental colour and - appointments -- - - ---- Armistice between the British and Tippoo -- - - ---- Renewal of hostilities -- - - ---- Second siege of Mangalore 10 - - ---- Termination of hostilities -- - - ---- Embarkation of the battalion for Calcutta -- - - ---- Employed on service in the Upper Provinces -- - - 1786 The second battalion of the forty-second numbered - the SEVENTY-THIRD regiment 11 - - ---- Major-General Sir George Osborn, Bart. appointed - colonel of the regiment -- - - ---- Alteration of the facings from _blue_ to _dark green_ -- - - ---- Establishment of the regiment -- - - ---- Major-General Medows appointed colonel of the regiment -- - - 1789 Hostilities renewed by Tippoo -- - - 1790 The SEVENTY-THIRD regiment removed to the seat of war 12 - - ---- And ordered to compose part of the force under - Major-General Abercromby -- - - 1791 Action with the Sultan, and the siege of _Seringapatam_ - deferred by the British -- - - 1792 Operations of the troops under Major-General Abercromby -- - - ---- Preparations for the siege of _Seringapatam_ 13 - - ---- Cessation of hostilities -- - - ---- Effects of the French revolution on the affairs of - India -- - - 1793 Expedition against the French settlement of - _Pondicherry_ -- - - 1795 Capture of the Dutch settlements in _Ceylon_ 15 - - 1796 The regiment stationed in that island, and employed - in completing its conquest -- - - ---- Major-General Lake appointed colonel of the regiment -- - - 1797 The regiment embarked for Madras -- - - 1798 Removed to Poonamallee -- - - 1798 Alliances formed by Tippoo for renewing hostilities 15 - - 1799 The regiment ordered to take the field 16 - - ---- Action at _Mallavelly_ -- - - ---- Siege and capture of Seringapatam 17 - - ---- Death of Tippoo, and termination of the campaign 18 - - ---- Casualties of the SEVENTY-THIRD regiment 19 - - ---- Authorised to bear the word “SERINGAPATAM” on the - regimental colour and appointments -- - - ---- General Orders issued on the occasion of the above - victory -- - - ---- Partition of the late Sultan’s territory 20 - - 1800 Major-General George Harris appointed colonel of the - regiment -- - - ---- The regiment employed against the Polygars 21 - - 1801 Removed to Gooty -- - - 1802 Proceeded to Bellary -- - - 1803 Returned to Gooty -- - - ---- Proceeded to Pondicherry -- - - 1804 Removed to Madras -- - - 1805 Embarked for England -- - - 1806 Disembarked at Greenwich -- - - ---- Proceeded to Scotland -- - - 1807 New colours received by the regiment 22 - - 1808 Formation of the second battalion 23 - - 1809 Discontinuance of the _Highland_ dress by the - SEVENTY-THIRD and five other regiments -- - - ---- The first battalion embarked for New South Wales 24 - - 1810 Arrival at Sydney -- - - 1812 Augmentation of establishment 25 - - 1814 The first battalion embarked for Ceylon -- - - 1814 Complimentary General Order issued on the occasion 25 - - ---- Aspect of affairs in Ceylon 27 - - 1816 Invasion of the kingdom of Candy by the British 28 - - ---- Deposition of the king of Candy, and annexation of - his territory to the British Crown -- - - 1817 Disbandment of the second battalion 30 - - ---- Reduction of the refractory Candian chiefs -- - - 1818 Casualties sustained on this service 31 - - ---- Medals struck for acts of individual gallantry 32 - - 1821 The regiment embarked for England -- - - ---- Landed at Gravesend, and proceeded to Weedon -- - - ---- Reduction of establishment -- - - 1823 The regiment proceeded to Scotland 33 - - ---- Removed to Ireland -- - - 1825 Augmentation of establishment -- - - ---- Riots in Lancashire and Yorkshire -- - - 1826 Embarked for England -- - - ---- Tranquillity restored, and return of the regiment - to Ireland 34 - - 1827 Formed into service and depôt companies -- - - ---- Service companies embarked for Gibraltar -- - - 1829 Casualties from fever at Gibraltar -- - - ---- Major-General Sir Frederick Adam, K.C.B. appointed - colonel of the regiment 35 - - ---- Service companies proceeded to Malta, and - complimentary order prior to embarkation from - Gibraltar -- - - 1830 Depôt companies removed from Ireland to Great - Britain 36 - - ---- Address from Major-General Maurice O’Connell on his - promotion from the regiment -- - - 1831 Depôt companies proceeded to Jersey 38 - - 1834 Service companies embarked for the Ionian Islands -- - - 1835 Depôt companies removed to Ireland 38 - - ---- Major-General William George Lord Harris, K.C.H. - appointed colonel of the regiment -- - - 1838 Embarkation of the service companies for Nova Scotia 39 - - ---- Service companies removed to Canada -- - - 1839 Depôt companies proceeded to Great Britain -- - - 1841 Return of the service companies to England -- - - ---- Consolidation of the regiment at Gosport -- - - 1842 Stationed at Woolwich, subsequently at Bradford, and - afterwards at Newport, in Monmouthshire -- - - 1844 Embarked for Ireland -- - - 1845 Major-General Sir Robert Henry Dick, K.C.B., appointed - colonel of the regiment -- - - ---- Formed into service and depôt companies -- - - ---- Embarkation of the former for the Cape of Good Hope -- - - ---- Detained at Monte Video -- - - 1846 Major-General Sir John Grey, K.C.B., appointed colonel - of the regiment -- - - ---- The service companies employed in the protection of - Monte Video 40 - - ---- Re-embarkation of the service companies for the Cape - of Good Hope -- - - ---- Employed against the Kaffirs -- - - 1847 Casualties on this service -- - - 1848 Removed to Cape Town -- - - 1849 Major-General Richard Goddard Hare Clarges appointed - colonel of the regiment -- - - 1850 Removal of the service companies to the frontier 41 - - 1851 Employed against the Kaffirs -- - - - - -CONTENTS - -OF THE - -HISTORICAL RECORD - -OF - -THE SECOND BATTALION - -OF - -THE SEVENTY-THIRD REGIMENT. - - - Year Page - - INTRODUCTION 43 - - 1808 Formation of the Second Battalion 44 - - 1809 Received volunteers from the Militia -- - - 1810 Removed from Ashborne to Derby, and subsequently to - Ashford -- - - 1811 Augmentation of establishment -- - - 1812 Removed to Deal, and afterwards to the Tower -- - - 1813 Augmentation of establishment -- - - ---- Embarked for Swedish Pomerania 45 - - ---- Joined the allied forces under Lieut.-General Count - Wallmoden -- - - ---- Action at _Gorde_ -- - - ---- The second battalion proceeded to the north of - Germany -- - - ---- Proceeded to England, but embarked, without landing, - for Holland 46 - - 1814 Bombardment of Antwerp -- - - ---- Action at _Merxem_ -- - - ---- March of the British troops to Breda 47 - - 1814 Bombardment of a detachment of the battalion in Fort - Frederick by a French gun-ship 47 - - ---- Conclusion of peace -- - - 1815 Return of Napoleon from Elba to Paris 48 - - ---- Renewal of hostilities -- - - ---- Rapid advance of Napoleon -- - - ---- The British proceeded to Charleroi 49 - - ---- Action at _Quatre Bras_ 50 - - ---- Casualties of the battalion -- - - ---- Battle of WATERLOO 51 - - ---- Casualties of the battalion 52 - - ---- Honors conferred for the victory 53 - - ---- Authorised to bear the word “WATERLOO” on the colour - and appointments -- - - ---- Return of Louis XVIII. to Paris -- - - ---- Surrender of Napoleon, and his conveyance to St. - Helena -- - - ---- Embarkation of the battalion for England 54 - - 1816 Stationed at Nottingham -- - - 1817 The second battalion disbanded -- - - 1851 CONCLUSION 55 - - - - -SUCCESSION OF COLONELS - -OF - -THE SEVENTY-THIRD REGIMENT. - - - Year Page - - 1786 Sir George Osborn, Bart. 57 - - ---- Sir William Medows 58 - - 1796 Gerard, afterward Viscount Lake 59 - - 1800 George Lord Harris, G.C.B. 61 - - 1829 The Right Honorable Sir Frederick Adam, G.C.B. 63 - - 1835 William George Lord Harris, C.B. and K.C.H. 64 - - 1845 Sir Robert Henry Dick, K.C.B. and K.C.H. 66 - - 1846 Sir John Grey, K.C.B. 68 - - 1849 Richard Goddard Hare Clarges, C.B. -- - - -APPENDIX. - - Memoir of Major-General Lachlan Macquarie 69 - - Memoir of Lieutenant-General Sir Maurice Charles - O’Connell, K.C.H. 70 - - British and Hanoverian army at Waterloo on the 18th - of June 1815 73 - - -PLATES. - - Colours of the Regiment _to face_ 1 - - Storming of Seringapatam, 4th May, 1799 ” 18 - - Costume of the Regiment ” 56 - - -[Illustration: LXXIII REGIMENT - -_Madeley lith. 3 Wellington S^t Strand_ - -_For Cannon’s Military Records_] - - - - -INTRODUCTION - -TO THE - -HISTORICAL RECORD - -OF THE - -SEVENTY-THIRD REGIMENT. - - -During the last century several corps, at successive periods, have -been borne on the establishment of the army, and numbered the -SEVENTY-THIRD; the following details are therefore prefixed to the -historical record of the services of the regiment which now bears -that number, in order to prevent its being connected with those -corps which have been designated by the same numerical title, but -whose services have been totally distinct. - - * * * * * - -In the spring of 1758, the second battalions of fifteen regiments -of infantry, from the 3rd to the 37th, were directed to be formed -into distinct regiments, and to be numbered from the 61st to the -75th successively, as follows:-- - - _Second Battalion_ _Constituted_ - 3rd Foot the 61st regiment. - 4th ” ” 62nd ” - 8th ” ” 63rd ” - 11th ” ” 64th ” - 12th ” ” 65th ” - 19th ” ” 66th ” - 20th ” ” 67th ” - 23rd ” the 68th regiment. - 24th ” ” 69th ” - 31st ” ” 70th ” - 32nd ” ” 71st ” - 33rd ” ” 72nd ” - 34th ” ” 73rd ” - 36th ” ” 74th ” - 37th ” ” 75th ” - -The 71st, 72nd, 73rd, 74th, and 75th regiments, thus formed, were -disbanded in 1763, after the peace of Fontainebleau. - -Several other corps were likewise disbanded at this period, which -occasioned a change in the numerical titles of the following -regiments of Invalids. - - The 81st regiment (Invalids) was numbered the 71st regiment. - ” 82nd ” ” ” 72nd ” - ” 116th ” ” ” 73rd ” - ” 117th ” ” ” 74th ” - ” 118th ” ” ” 75th ” - -The 71st, 72nd, 73rd, 74th, and 75th regiments, thus numbered, -were formed into independent companies of Invalids in the year -1769, which increased the number of Invalid Companies from eight to -twenty; they were appropriated to the following garrisons, namely -four companies at Guernsey, four at Jersey, three at Hull, two at -Chester, two at Tilbury Fort, two at Sheerness, one at Landguard -Fort, one at Pendennis, and one in the Scilly Islands. - -These numerical titles became thus extinct until October, 1775, -when the seventy-first regiment was raised. In December, 1777, -further augmentations were made to the army, and the regiments -which were directed to be raised, were numbered from the -seventy-second to the eighty-third regiment. - -The army was subsequently increased to one hundred and five -regular regiments of infantry, exclusive of eleven unnumbered -regiments, and thirty-six independent companies of Invalids. - -The conclusion of the general peace in 1783, occasioned the -disbandment of several regiments (commencing with the seventy-first -regiment), and thus changed the numerical titles of certain -regiments retained on the reduced establishment of the army. - -In 1786 the SEVENTY-THIRD was directed to be numbered the -seventy-first regiment; the seventy-eighth to be numbered the -seventy-second; and the second battalion of the forty-second to -be constituted the SEVENTY-THIRD regiment. These corps had been -directed to be raised in Scotland in 1777 and 1779, and were -denominated Highland regiments. - -The details of the services of the present SEVENTY-THIRD regiment -are contained in the following pages; the histories of the -seventy-first and seventy-second regiments are given in distinct -numbers. - - -1851 - - - - -HISTORICAL RECORD - -OF - -THE SEVENTY-THIRD REGIMENT; - -ORIGINALLY RAISED AS - -THE SECOND BATTALION OF THE FORTY-SECOND ROYAL HIGHLAND REGIMENT. - - -[Sidenote: 1779] - -[Sidenote: 1780] - -The present SEVENTY-THIRD regiment was authorised, on the 30th -of July 1779, to be raised as the _Second Battalion of the -Forty-second Royal Highlanders_, and was embodied at Perth, -on the 21st of March 1780. Its establishment consisted of one -lieut.-colonel (and captain), one major (and captain), eight -captains, twelve lieutenants, eight ensigns, one chaplain, one -adjutant, one quarter-master, one surgeon, one mate, thirty -serjeants, forty corporals, twenty drummers, two pipers, and seven -hundred private men. Soon after its formation, the battalion -marched to Fort George to be drilled and disciplined, and in -the course of the year was ordered to proceed to England for -embarkation for India, where events had occurred which occasioned -reinforcements to be sent to that country. - -[Sidenote: 1781] - -Hyder Ali, a soldier of fortune, had risen to the chief command of -the army of the Ruler of Mysore, and when the Rajah died, leaving -his eldest son a minor, Hyder Ali assumed the guardianship of the -youthful prince, whom he placed under restraint, and seized on -the reins of government. Having a considerable territory under -his control, he maintained a formidable military establishment, -which he endeavoured to bring into a high state of discipline -and efficiency. He soon evinced decided hostility to the British -interests in India, and formed a league with the French. -Hostilities had also commenced between Great Britain and Holland, -and the British troops were employed in dispossessing the Dutch of -their settlements in Bengal, and on the coast of Coromandel. Thus -three powers were opposed to the British interests in India, and -the _Second Battalion of the Forty-second Royal Highland_ regiment -was ordered to proceed to that country. - -About the end of the previous year the battalion had arrived -at Gravesend from North Britain, and on the 21st of January -1781, embarked at Portsmouth for India, under the command of -Lieut.-Colonel Norman Macleod. - -One division of the regiment landed at Madras on the 18th of May: -but the other divisions, consisting of seven companies and a half, -had a voyage of thirteen months and thirteen days; they ultimately -landed at Bombay in February 1782. - -[Sidenote: 1782] - -These divisions, soon after landing, took the field, and -the battalion was subsequently united under the command of -Lieut.-Colonel Macleod, when it shared in the campaign against -Hyder Ali and his son Tippoo Saib. - -The situation of Colonel Thomas Frederick Mackenzie Humberston -(Lieut.-Colonel Commandant of the seventy-eighth, now -seventy-second regiment) who had been despatched with troops -to the Malabar coast, having become very perilous, the second -battalion of the _Forty-second_ regiment, with other troops, -proceeded to his relief at Mungarry Cottah. In the meantime Tippoo -Saib, with his usual activity, suddenly collected a body of troops, -and proceeded to cut off the force at that station. Notwithstanding -the secrecy of the expedition, Colonel Humberston received some -vague intelligence of its arrival on the northern banks of the -Coleroon, and suspecting at once the design of the enemy, destroyed -the fortifications at Mungarry Cottah, and retreated to Ramgaree; -where receiving certain information that Tippoo was approaching -with the utmost rapidity, he withdrew to _Paniané_, fighting every -step of the march. Upon arriving at the river Paniané, a deep ford, -after a search of two hours, was found, and the troops passed over, -up to the chin in water, with the loss of only two camp followers. -He gained the Fort of _Paniané_ on the 20th of November, much to -the surprise of Tippoo, who had expected an easy conquest. - -Colonel Macleod, of the second battalion of the _Forty-second_ -regiment, having arrived at _Paniané_ from Madras, the command -of the forces devolved upon him, and the place was immediately -invested by Tippoo Saib and Monsieur Lally, with an army amounting -to eight thousand infantry, including some hundreds of French and -Europeans; ten thousand cavalry, and above six thousand polygars. -The enemy kept up a considerable but ineffectual cannonade for some -days; the British commander at length endeavoured to surprise the -enemy’s camp, but after forcing an outpost or two, and taking a few -prisoners, the colonel found it necessary to relinquish the design. - -This sally was returned by Tippoo in a few days, who made a -vigorous attack with his combined army on the 28th of November, -being led by Monsieur Lally at the head of his Europeans. Tippoo’s -forces were everywhere repulsed with the greatest gallantry, and -the victors profited by their success as much as their disparity in -numbers would admit. About two hundred of the dead of the enemy, -whom he was not able to carry off, were buried by the British; and -a French officer, who led one of the columns to the attack, was -taken prisoner. Colonel Macleod and the troops under his command -acquired great praise for their gallantry at _Paniané_. - -Tippoo acknowledged his defeat by repassing the river Paniané, and -placing it as a barrier against the British. A state of inaction -succeeded on both sides for several days: but in the night between -the 11th and 12th of December, Tippoo suddenly broke up his camp, -and returned by rapid marches to Palacatcherry, from whence he -proceeded directly back to the Carnatic. - -In December 1782, occurred the decease of Hyder Ali, and he left -a kingdom of his own acquisition to his son Tippoo Saib, who now -became one of the most powerful princes in India. - -[Sidenote: 1783] - -Brigadier-General Mathews having determined to besiege the city -of _Onore_, situated midway between Paniané and Bombay, Colonel -Macleod embarked as many troops as the ships were capable of -receiving, but the place was taken in January 1783, before their -arrival. - -The President and Council of Bombay had despatched orders to -Brigadier-General Mathews, that he should penetrate through the -Ghauts, (as the passes in the mountains on both sides of the Indian -Peninsula are termed,) into the Bednore or Canara country, and -particularly to gain possession of the capital, which along with a -strong fort on a small mountain that joins the city, were the great -depositories of the treasures collected by the late Hyder Ali, as -well as the grand magazines of his arms and military stores. - -After the capture of _Onore_, Brigadier-General Mathews, in -pursuance of his orders, proceeded further down the coast, and took -the towm of Cundapore with little loss. He subsequently forced a -passage through the Ghauts, and the rich Canara kingdom, with its -capital, now lay open to the invaders. The city of Bednore had -recently changed its name to Hyder Nagur, or the Royal City of -Hyder. - -The government and command of the city and country were lodged in -the hands of Hyat Saib, who surrendered the place to the British, -after an action had taken place at the Hussanghurry Ghaut. -This occurred early in February 1783; and on the 9th of March -_Mangalore_ fell into the hands of the British. - -Tippoo Saib, who had now succeeded to the title of Sultan, -determined to use every effort for the recovery of these favorite -possessions. Having recovered Bednore, which surrendered on -the 28th of April, the Sultan, in defiance of the terms of the -capitulation, ordered Brigadier-General Mathews and his officers -into close confinement, from which they never returned, being -afterwards put to a violent death. - -Tippoo next proceeded to invest _Mangalore_, on the Malabar coast, -and it required all the abilities of Lieut.-Colonel John Campbell, -major of the _Forty-second_, seconded by the well-tried valour of -the second battalion of that regiment, and other corps, to supply -the defects of the fortifications. The place was invested on the -18th of May by the whole of the enemy’s forces, commanded by Tippoo -in person. The garrison under Lieut.-Colonel Campbell (Colonel -Macleod being employed as a Brigadier-General), made a most gallant -and successful defence, subject to hardships and wants which have -seldom been exceeded in the annals of sieges. - -In consequence of the General Peace which had been entered into -with the European Powers, Tippoo became deprived of his French -allies, and the Sultan entered into negociations for terminating -the war between Mysore and the British, when an armistice took -place. - -This event terminated the siege of _Mangalore_ about the end of -September, at a time when all the works which defended the garrison -were nearly shattered to pieces; all the provisions exhausted, and -numbers of the brave soldiers were dying daily, victims of want and -disease.[6] - -The contest was, however, again renewed, and the garrison was a -second time invested by Tippoo. - -[Sidenote: 1784] - -The fortress of _Mangalore_ was defended until the 25th of February -1784, when sickness, and the want of provisions, compelled -Lieut.-Colonel Campbell to evacuate the place, after obtaining the -most honorable terms from the enemy. Peace was afterwards concluded -with the Sultan of Mysore on the 11th of March following. - -The battalion embarked in this year for Calcutta, and was employed -on active service in the Upper Provinces of Bengal. - -[Sidenote: 1786] - -The _Seventy-third_ Highland Regiment, having in the year 1786 -been directed to be numbered the _Seventy-first_ Regiment, the -_Second Battalion_ of the _Forty-second_ Royal Highland Regiment -was constituted a distinct corps, and numbered the SEVENTY-THIRD -Highland Regiment, the colonelcy being conferred upon Major-General -Sir George Osborn, Bart., (Lieut.-Colonel of the Third Foot -Guards), from the 18th of April 1786. The facings were at the same -time altered from _blue_ to _dark green_. - -The establishment of the regiment for the ten companies serving -in India, was fixed as follows:--One colonel, with an allowance -in lieu of a company; one lieut.-colonel and captain, one major -and captain; eight captains, twelve lieutenants, eight ensigns, -one chaplain, one adjutant, one quarter-master, one surgeon, one -surgeon’s mate, thirty serjeants, forty corporals, twenty drummers, -two fifers, and seven hundred private men. The company kept at -home for recruiting consisted of one captain, one lieutenant, one -ensign, six serjeants, eight corporals, four drummers, and seventy -private men: in all nine hundred and nineteen. - -On the 11th of August 1786, Major-General William Medows was -appointed to be colonel of the SEVENTY-THIRD, in succession to -Major-General Sir George Osborn, Bart., who was removed to the -fortieth regiment. - -[Sidenote: 1789] - -The insatiable ambition of Tippoo Sultan, the powerful ruler of the -Mysore, soon involved the British Government in India in another -war; he appeared near the confines of Travancore, at the head of a -powerful army, made unreasonable demands on the Rajah, a British -ally, and commenced hostilities towards the end of December 1789. - -[Sidenote: 1790] - -This caused the SEVENTY-THIRD regiment to be removed from the -Presidency of Bengal, and it joined the troops under Major-General -Robert Abercromby, which consisted of His Majesty’s seventy-fifth -and seventy-seventh regiments, in addition to other corps belonging -to the East India Company. - -[Sidenote: 1791] - -The Mahratta armies having advanced to Seringapatam in May 1791, -later than the appointed period, their delay, and other unforeseen -circumstances, compelled General Charles Earl Cornwallis, K.G., to -destroy his battering train, after having defeated Tippoo on the -15th of May, in a pitched battle, and obliged his lordship to lead -back his army, leaving the siege of the enemy’s capital to be the -object of another campaign. - -The Bombay army, of which the SEVENTY-THIRD formed part, commanded -by Major-General Abercromby, had, with infinite labour, formed -roads, and brought a battering train, with a large supply of -provisions and stores, over fifty miles of woody mountains called -Ghauts, that immense barrier separating the Mysore country from the -Malabar coast. This army, after surmounting all its difficulties, -had therefore to retrace its steps, worn down by sickness and -fatigue, and exposed to the incessant rains which then deluged the -western coast of India. - -The troops under Major-General Abercromby were again ordered to -act from the same quarter as in the former campaign; they marched -on the 5th of December towards the Poodicherrim Ghaut, and took -possession of the pass on the 15th of that month. - -[Sidenote: 1792] - -On the 5th of February 1792, General the Earl Cornwallis directed -Major-General Abercromby to march from his encampment near -Periapatam, and on the 11th of that month he crossed the Cavery, at -Eratore, a ford about thirty miles above Seringapatam, and joined -the army under Earl Cornwallis on the 16th of February. - -Meanwhile the army under General the Earl Cornwallis had attacked -the forces of the Sultan on the night of the 6th of February, near -_Seringapatam_, and gained a decisive victory. - -The power of the Sultan being greatly reduced, and preparations for -the siege of his capital having been commenced, he sued for peace, -and a treaty was concluded, by which half of his dominions were -ceded to the allies. A large sum of money was also to be paid by -the Sultan, all the prisoners in his power were released, and two -of his sons were delivered as hostages. - -[Sidenote: 1793] - -The French Revolution, which had commenced a few years previously, -had at this period assumed a character which called forth -the efforts of other countries to arrest the progress of its -destructive principles, and on the 1st of February 1793, shortly -after the decapitation of Louis XVI., war was declared by the -National Convention of France against Great Britain and Holland. - -News of this event arrived in India in May 1793; in June the -SEVENTY-THIRD regiment was ordered to prepare to take the field; -it marched soon afterwards against the French settlement of -_Pondicherry_, on the coast of Coromandel, and arrived before the -fortress in July,--being formed in brigade, with the seventy-second -and seventy-fourth regiments, and the third East India Company’s -European regiment, under Lieut.-Colonel David Baird of the -seventy-first regiment; the troops employed on this service were -commanded by Colonel John Brathwaite. - -The siege of _Pondicherry_ was commenced in the early part of -August, the army encamping in a thick wood where tigers were so -numerous, that the natives durst not travel in the night. On -the 22nd of August a white flag was displayed by the garrison, -with a request for permission to surrender. The French soldiers -in the fortress had embraced democratical principles, and were -particularly insubordinate; they insisted that the governor should -surrender, but after the white flag was displayed, they fired two -shells, which killed several men. During the night they were guilty -of every species of outrage, breaking into houses and becoming -intoxicated. On the following morning, a number of them environed -the house of the Governor, General Charmont, and threatened to hang -him before the door, when application was made to the British for -protection. The English soldiers rushed into the town, overpowered -the insurgents, rescued the governor, and preserved the inhabitants -from further violence. - -[Sidenote: 1795] - -In the early part of the year 1795, Holland became united to -France, and was styled the Batavian republic. When information of -this event arrived in India, an expedition was immediately fitted -out against the large and mountainous island of _Ceylon_, where the -Dutch had several settlements, and the SEVENTY-THIRD Highlanders -were selected to take part in the enterprise; the troops employed -on this service were commanded by Colonel James Stuart, of the -seventy-second, who was promoted to the rank of Major-General at -this period. The fleet arrived on the coast of Ceylon on the 1st -of August, and two days afterwards they landed four miles north of -the Fort of _Trincomalee_; the siege of the place was commenced -as soon as the artillery and stores could be landed, and removed -sufficiently near to the place. On the 26th of August a practicable -breach was effected, and the garrison surrendered. The fort of -_Batticaloe_ surrendered on the 18th of September, and the fort -and island of _Manaar_ capitulated on the 5th of October. - -[Sidenote: 1796] - -The regiment continued to be actively employed until the whole -of the Dutch settlements in Ceylon were reduced, which was -accomplished in February, 1796, when the governor, John Geraud Van -Angelbeck, surrendered the fortress of _Colombo_ to the British -arms. The people in the interior of the island had not been -deprived of their independence by the Dutch, and they were not -interfered with by the British so long as they preserved a peaceful -demeanour. - -Major-General Gerard Lake was removed from the colonelcy of the -fifty-third to that of the SEVENTY-THIRD regiment on the 2nd of -November, 1796, in succession to Lieut.-General Sir William Medows, -K.B., who was appointed colonel of the seventh dragoon guards. - -[Sidenote: 1797] - -In April 1797, the regiment proceeded from Colombo to Point -Pedro, in Ceylon, and shortly afterwards embarked for Madras. It -was removed from Fort St. George to Wallajahbad in October, but -returned to Fort St. George in January, 1798. - -[Sidenote: 1798] - -The regiment proceeded from Fort St. George to Poonamallee in -September, 1798, and continued at that station during the remainder -of the year. - -The reduction of the power and resources of Tippoo Saib, effected -by the treaty of Seringapatam in 1792, had weakened, but not -extinguished, the evils consequent on his inveterate hatred of -the British. The Sultan had entered into a negociation with the -Governor of the Isle of France in 1798, and sent an embassy to -Zemaun Shah, sovereign of Cabool, for the purpose of exciting -him to an attack on the British possessions. Having also derived -encouragement from the successes of Napoleon Bonaparte in Egypt, -from which country the French Directory intended to act against -the British dominions in India, Tippoo commenced augmenting his -military force, and his hostile designs became every day more -apparent. The Governor-General the Earl of Mornington (afterwards -the Marquis Wellesley), seeing a rupture inevitable, resolved to -anticipate the attack, and ordered the British army to take the -field, and march into the heart of the dominions of the Sultan -Tippoo Saib. - -[Sidenote: 1799] - -In conformity to these orders, Major-General George (afterwards -Lord) Harris, who was serving with the local rank of -lieut.-general, advanced with the army under his command, on the -11th of February, 1799, and entered the Mysore territory on the 5th -of March. The SEVENTY-THIRD formed part of the second brigade under -Colonel John Coape Sherbroke, Lieut.-Colonel of the thirty-third -regiment. - -The army reached Mallavelly on the 27th of March, when on -approaching the ground of encampment, the forces of Tippoo Sultan -were discovered drawn up on a height at a few miles distance. -The advanced piquets were attacked by the enemy, and a general -action ensued. The enemy lost one thousand killed and wounded, and -immediately retreated upon Seringapatam. - -On the following day the army advanced, and arrived before -Seringapatam on the 5th of April, when preparations for the siege -were commenced. - -On the 20th of April an attack was made on an entrenchment of -the enemy, about six o’clock in the evening. Colonel Sherbroke, -commanding the advanced posts, directed the attack. Three different -columns were to advance at the same time from Macdonald’s post; -one to the left, under Lieut.-Colonel Michael Monypenny, of the -SEVENTY-THIRD, consisting of four companies of that regiment, and -four of the Bengal volunteers, was to proceed along the bank of the -river Cavery, and to turn the right flank of the enemy’s entrenched -post. Another, to the right, consisting of the flank companies of -the twelfth regiment, and two companies of Bengal volunteers, under -Lieut.-Colonel Gardiner, was to move along Macdonald’s nullah, -and to turn the enemy’s left. The centre column, composed of six -companies of the SEVENTY-THIRD, and four of the Bengal volunteers, -under Brevet Lieut.-Colonel the Honorable George St. John, (Major -of the SEVENTY-THIRD regiment), was directed to make a feint, -which was to be converted into a real attack, should it be deemed -expedient. - -The three columns at dusk, advanced under a well-directed fire from -the guns which commanded the entrenchment. The enemy’s resistance -was unavailing, and the several attacks were completely successful. -It was afterwards ascertained, that the enemy had two hundred -and fifty men in killed and wounded, and it is remarkable, that -although about eighteen hundred of Tippoo’s infantry occupied -the entrenchment, the British, in this attack, had only one man -wounded.[7] - -The siege of Seringapatam was prosecuted with vigour. On the 26th -of April, the SEVENTY-THIRD had Lieutenant James Todd wounded; and -Lieutenant Archibald John Maclean was wounded on the following day. -A breach being reported practicable on the 3rd of May, the assault -was ordered, and the SEVENTY-THIRD regiment was selected to take -part in this enterprise, which was ordered to be commenced in the -heat of the following day, as the enemy’s troops would then be the -least prepared to oppose the attack. - -The assault took place about half-past one o’clock in the afternoon -of the 4th of May, and the troops for this service, commanded -by Major-General David Baird, were divided into two columns of -attack. The SEVENTY-THIRD, with the seventy-fourth regiment, -four European flank companies, fourteen Sepoy flank companies, -with fifty artillerymen, formed the right column, under Colonel -Sherbroke. Each column was preceded by one serjeant and twelve men, -volunteers, supported by an advanced party of one subaltern and -twenty-five men. A brigade of engineers, under Captain Caldwell, -accompanied the storming party; Lieutenant James Farquhar, of the -seventy-fourth, commanded the European pioneers, and Lieutenant -John Lalor, of the SEVENTY-THIRD, both of whom had examined the -ford, conducted the columns. - -The attack was completely successful, and in a short space of time -the British colours waved over the fortress. The body of Tippoo -Sultan was found among heaps of slain, and was afterwards interred -in the magnificent mausoleum which he had erected over the tomb -of his father, the once powerful Hyder Ali; a portion of the -victorious troops attended the ceremony. - -In this manner terminated the siege of _Seringapatam_,[8] and the -fall of this capital placed the kingdom of Mysore at the disposal -of the British government, and extinguished a power in India which -had proved itself a formidable enemy. - -[Illustration: STORMING OF SERINGAPATAM 4^{TH} MAY 1799. - -_Madeley lith. 3 Wellington S^t Strand_ - -_For Cannon’s Military Records._] - -In the assault on the 4th of May, the SEVENTY-THIRD had -Lieutenant John Lalor killed; Captain William McLeod, Lieutenant -John Thomas, and Ensigns Henry Antill and John Guthrie, wounded. - -During the siege the regiment sustained a loss of twenty-one -killed, and ninety-nine wounded, including all ranks. - -The SEVENTY-THIRD afterwards received the Royal authority to bear -on the regimental colour and appointments, the word “SERINGAPATAM,” -in commemoration of the distinguished gallantry displayed by the -regiment in the storming and capture of that fortress. - -In the General Orders issued on the 5th of May by Lieut.-General -Harris, the gallantry of Lieut.-Colonel Michael Monypenny, and -Brevet Lieut.-Colonel the Honorable George St. John, of the -SEVENTY-THIRD regiment, is particularly recorded. - -In the General Orders issued by the Earl of Mornington (afterwards -the Marquis Wellesley), dated Fort St. George, 15th May, 1799, it -was stated:-- - -“The Right Honorable the Governor-General in Council having this -day received from the Commander-in-Chief of the allied army in the -field, the official detail of the glorious and decisive victory -obtained at Seringapatam, on the 4th of May, offers his cordial -thanks and sincere congratulations to the Commander-in-Chief, -and to all the officers and men composing the gallant army which -achieved the capture of the capital of Mysore on that memorable day. - -“His Lordship views with admiration, the consummate judgment with -which the assault was planned, the unequalled rapidity, animation, -and skill with which it was executed, and the humanity which -distinguished its success. - -“Under the favour of Providence and the justice of our cause, the -established character of the army had inspired an early confidence, -that the war, in which we were engaged, would be brought to a -speedy, prosperous, and honorable issue: but the events of the -4th of May, while they even surpassed the sanguine expectations -of the Governor-General in Council, have raised the reputation -of the British arms in India to a degree of splendour and glory, -unrivalled in the military history of this quarter of the globe, -and seldom approached in any part of the world. - -“The lustre of the victory can be equalled only by the substantial -advantages which it promises to establish, in restoring the peace -and safety of the British possessions in India on a durable -foundation of genuine security.” - -Upon the division of the territory subject to the late Sultan -Tippoo, Seringapatam, with several extensive districts, was -allotted to the East India Company; another portion was given -to the Nizam; and a third to the Mahratta power; the remainder -continued to form an independent state under a descendant of the -ancient Rajahs of Mysore. Thus was the hostile combination against -England confounded, the British territory extended, and its power -and revenue increased. - -The SEVENTY-THIRD regiment remained encamped until November, 1799, -when it was selected to garrison Seringapatam. - -[Sidenote: 1800] - -Major-General George Harris was appointed, from lieut.-colonel of -the seventy-sixth, to the colonelcy of the SEVENTY-THIRD, on the -14th of February, 1800, in succession to Lieut.-General Gerard -Lake, who was removed to the eightieth regiment. - -The regiment remained at Seringapatam until May, 1800. The -SEVENTY-THIRD, under the command of Lieut.-Colonel Michael -Monypenny, afterwards served with distinction against the Polygars, -during which campaign great exertions were made, and losses -sustained, of which no distinct record has been preserved. - -[Sidenote: 1801] - -In October, 1801, the regiment was removed from its encampment to -Gooty. - -[Sidenote: 1802] - -The regiment remained at Gooty until December 1802, when it -proceeded to Bellary. - -[Sidenote: 1803] - -In July, 1803, the regiment returned to Gooty, and in September -following, it proceeded to Pondicherry, in the capture of which -place it had participated in the year 1793. - -[Sidenote: 1804] - -The SEVENTY-THIRD remained at Pondicherry until September, 1804, -when the regiment proceeded to Fort St. George, Madras, where it -continued to be stationed during the remainder of the year. - -[Sidenote: 1805] - -On the 8th of September, 1805, the SEVENTY-THIRD embarked at Fort -St. George, Madras, for England, after having transferred five -hundred and twelve men to other regiments serving in India. - -[Sidenote: 1806] - -The regiment arrived in England in the beginning of July, 1806, -and disembarked at Greenwich, where it was quartered until the -middle of November, when, after discharging the men recommended -to be invalided, the remainder proceeded to Scotland, on board -of some Leith packets. Shortly after the disembarkation of the -SEVENTY-THIRD at Leith, the head-quarters of the regiment proceeded -to Stirling Castle, from whence recruiting parties were sent to all -the towns in Scotland, and some to England and Ireland, as far as -officers were disposable for that service. - -[Sidenote: 1807] - -In February, 1807, the regiment was ordered from Stirling Castle -to Glasgow, as a better recruiting station; but not having proved -as successful there as was expected, it was removed in May -following to Perth, which, from being the town where the regiment -was originally embodied, was expected to prove a better recruiting -station. - -In 1807 the regiment received new colours and accoutrements from -Lieut.-General George Harris, and was newly armed and equipped in -that year. - -[Sidenote: 1808] - -On the passing of the Act, in the year 1808, for permitting a -certain number of the militia of the United Kingdom to volunteer -their services to regiments of the line, the SEVENTY-THIRD -received a very considerable augmentation of force by volunteers, -particularly from the Irish militia. The number received from the -Scotch regiments of militia, allotted for the SEVENTY-THIRD, was -not at all in the same proportion, and the only English corps -allotted to it was the Stafford militia, from which thirty-three -men volunteered, a circumstance totally unexpected, from the -dislike English soldiers were known to entertain to the Highland -uniform. - -In December, 1808, the regiment, being then about four hundred rank -and file, received orders to proceed to England, to embark for New -South Wales, and commenced its march from Perth on the 26th of that -month. - -On the order for the embarkation of the regiment for New South -Wales, a second battalion was added to the SEVENTY-THIRD regiment, -which was directed to be placed on the establishment of the army -from the 24th of December, 1808. It was ordered to consist, in -the first instance, of four companies. When these companies were -completed to a hundred rank and file each, the battalion was to be -augmented to six companies, and so on, in succession, until the -establishment was increased to one thousand. - -[Sidenote: 1809] - -On the 13th of January, 1809, the regiment embarked at Leith on -board of four packets, and the whole arrived in the course of that, -and the beginning of the following month, at Gravesend, where the -men were transhipped into two transports, and ordered round to -Spithead. In March the regiment was landed at Cowes, in the Isle of -Wight, marched to Newport, whence, after a few days, it was ordered -to Colwell barracks. - -A second volunteering from the militia took place in April, 1809, -by which the SEVENTY-THIRD received a considerable increase of -numbers, particularly from the Stafford, West Middlesex, and Durham -regiments. - -In April, 1809, officers and non-commissioned officers were -detached to recruit for the second battalion, the head-quarters of -which were fixed at Nottingham.[9] - -It appearing that the Highland dress was an obstacle to the -recruiting of the regiments wearing that costume, orders were -issued, directing the SEVENTY-THIRD, and five other regiments, to -discontinue that dress, and to adopt the uniform of other English -regiments.[10] - -While at Colwell barracks, sixty men, who had volunteered from -veteran battalions to serve at New South Wales, were transferred -to the SEVENTY-THIRD regiment, and were ordered to embark with -the first battalion for that colony, which, by the addition of -these men, and of the volunteers from the militia, was now upwards -of eight hundred strong, and its establishment was fixed at ten -companies, consisting of fifty-four serjeants, twenty-two drummers, -and a thousand rank and file. - -The first battalion embarked on the 8th of May, 1809, at Yarmouth, -in the Isle of Wight, on board of His Majesty’s ships “Hindoostan” -and “Dromedary,” and sailed from St. Helen’s on the 25th of that -month. The fleet touched at Madeira, Port Praya, Rio Janeiro, and -at the Cape of Good Hope, and anchored at Port Jackson, New South -Wales, on the 28th of December. - -[Sidenote: 1810] - -The battalion landed at Sydney on the 1st of January, 1810, and -detachments were sent out in the course of that, and the two -following months, to the Derwent and Port Dalrymple, in Van -Diemen’s Land; to Norfolk Island, and to Newcastle, whence Sydney, -the capital of the colony, was supplied with coals, lime, and cedar -wood, for buildings and making furniture. - -[Sidenote: 1812] - -The first battalion of the SEVENTY-THIRD regiment having been -considerably reinforced by volunteers from the hundred-and-second -regiment (late New South Wales corps), which it relieved at -New South Wales, and which was ordered home, its establishment -was raised, in the year 1812, to twelve hundred rank and file, -which included a veteran company formed from the veterans of the -hundred-and-second regiment, and attached to the SEVENTY-THIRD, -while the battalion continued to serve at New South Wales, and was, -on its leaving that colony, transferred to the forty-sixth regiment. - -[Sidenote: 1813] - -[Sidenote: 1814] - -About the end of the year 1813, an order arrived from England to -embark the first battalion of the SEVENTY-THIRD regiment for the -island of Ceylon, and the first division, consisting of three -companies, sailed from Port Jackson on board the ship “Earl -Spencer,” hired for the passage, on the 24th of January, 1814. On -the 24th of March two more divisions embarked on board the “General -Hewitt” and “Windham,” and sailed from Port Jackson on the 5th -of April; but the “Windham” being ordered to the Derwent to take -on board the two companies stationed at Van Diemen’s Land, the -“General Hewitt,” having the head-quarters and flank companies -on board, under the command of Lieut.-Colonel Maurice Charles -O’Connell, after a very circuitous voyage round New Guinea, New -Britain, and through the Molucca islands, arrived at Colombo, in -Ceylon, on the 17th of August. - -Prior to the embarkation of the SEVENTY-THIRD regiment from New -South Wales, Major-General Lachlan Macquarie,[11] commanding in -New South Wales, stated in General Orders, dated 17th March, 1814, -that-- - -“On the occasion of parting with the first battalion of the -SEVENTY-THIRD regiment His Excellency Major-General Macquarie, -the Governor and Commander of the Forces in this territory, -cannot fail to express the warm feelings of interest he takes in -the corps, which he has commanded for six years; and to assure -them, that no additional prosperity or honor, to which they may be -entitled, in the part of the world where they are now destined to -serve, and where they have already obtained so large a portion of -well-earned fame, can exceed his sanguine wishes and expectations. - -“This station has not afforded the usual field for military -glory; but in as far as the industrious exertions of those -non-commissioned officers and privates, who could be spared from -military duty, have been exerted, this colony is much indebted -for many useful improvements, which but for the soldiers of -the SEVENTY-THIRD regiment, must have remained only in the -contemplation of those anxious for its civilization for a length -of time, and the Major-General cannot doubt but that the comforts -enjoyed by the colonists, in consequence of the zealous and -laborious exertions of the soldiers of the SEVENTY-THIRD regiment, -will long be remembered with grateful recollections. - -“Major-General Macquarie feels particular satisfaction in rendering -his best acknowledgments to Lieut.-Colonel O’Connell for his -attention to the discipline of the corps, and the health and -comfort of the soldiers under his immediate command, and also for -his zealous and assiduous attention to the duties devolving on him -as Lieut.-Governor, during the Governor’s necessary and occasional -absence from head-quarters. - -“To the field-officers, captains, and subalterns, of the -SEVENTY-THIRD regiment, the Major-General desires to offer his -best wishes for their health and happiness, and particularly -to those with whom he has had a long acquaintance, and whose -worth and honorable sentiments he is thereby the more fully -enabled to appreciate; and he has no doubt but that the martial -appearance, and strength of the corps, so far surpassing what is -generally to be met with, will call forth feelings of surprise and -gratification, wherever their services are required. - -“Under these impressions, Major-General Macquarie now takes leave -of the regiment, with that regret which a long acquaintance -naturally inspires, but at the same time with the consolatory -assurance that the SEVENTY-THIRD will show themselves at all times -worthy of the respect and esteem which cannot fail to be paid to -military bravery and unshaken loyalty.” - -The “Windham” having made nearly the same voyage as the “General -Hewitt,” after leaving Van Diemen’s Land, did not arrive at Ceylon -until the 6th of November.[12] - -In the meantime the reigning sovereign of Candy had evinced so -cruel and tyrannical a disposition, that he became odious to his -subjects, who experienced a total insecurity of life and property -under his rule, individuals being frequently deprived of both at -the caprice of the king. The governor of one of his provinces was -summoned to appear at the capital; but this chief, expecting that -the sacrifice of his life, and the seizure of his property, were -intended, did not obey the mandate. The king assembled an army, -overpowered the forces of the disobedient chief, and forced him to -fly for protection to the British settlements in the island. - -In addition to this oppressive tyranny over his own subjects, the -King of Candy, elated with his success against the refractory -chief, prepared to invade the British territory, against the -frontier of which he had long carried on occasional hostilities. He -had also inflicted cruelties on some British subjects, who had gone -into his dominions on trading speculations. - -[Sidenote: 1815] - -These circumstances occasioned Lieut.-General Robert Brownrigg, the -Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the Island of Ceylon, to render -assistance to the natives to throw off the yoke, and at the same -time preserve the English provinces from aggression, by invading -the kingdom of Candy. The British troops advanced into the kingdom -of Candy in seven divisions, in the beginning of February 1815, and -detachments were formed from the SEVENTY-THIRD, and attached to -four or five divisions of the invading army. - -The soldiers underwent great fatigue in crossing mountains, passing -morasses and rivers, and traversing regions inhabited only by -the wild beasts of the forest; they succeeded in overcoming all -opposition, and arrived at the capital in the middle of February. -The king had fled with a small number of his Malabar adherents; but -on the 18th of February, he was surrounded, and made prisoner by -his own subjects, who showed the utmost detestation of the tyrant. - -A solemn conference was held between the British Governor and the -Candian chiefs, and the assembly declared the Malabar dynasty -deposed, and the provinces of Candy united to the dominions of the -British Crown. Thus was an extensive tract of country, bountifully -endowed with natural gifts, and producing the necessaries and -luxuries of life, including spices, metals, and precious stones, -added to the British dominions; a numerous race of human beings, of -a peculiarly interesting character, was delivered from the power of -despotism, and brought under the advantages of the just government -and equitable laws of Great Britain. Every species of torture was -immediately abolished; but the ancient religion of the inhabitants, -and the former mode of administering justice, were preserved. -The conduct of the British troops was highly meritorious, and -reflected credit on the several corps employed in this enterprise; -the soldiers abstained from plunder and violence, and behaved with -such order and regularity as to conciliate the inhabitants, whose -condition, improved by a policy founded on liberal ideas, and -exhibiting enlarged views, prepared the way for their emancipation -from the errors of superstition, and their introduction to the -advantages of Christianity, and of European arts, sciences, and -commerce. - -While the first battalion of the SEVENTY-THIRD was thus employed, -the _Second Battalion_ had acquired the word “WATERLOO” for the -regimental colour and appointments, in commemoration of its -distinguished services in that memorable battle, which terminated -the lengthened war in which the powers of Europe had been engaged. - -A portion of the British troops occupied posts in the -newly-acquired territory, and the corps not required for this duty -returned to their former quarters. The first battalion of the -SEVENTY-THIRD regiment was again stationed at Colombo. - -[Sidenote: 1816] - -During the year 1816 the battalion continued to be stationed at -Colombo. - -[Sidenote: 1817] - -In the month of September 1817, intimation was received at Colombo, -that several Candian chiefs, who were hostile to British interests, -were making preparations in various parts of the interior provinces -of Ceylon, in favour of a new claimant to the throne of Candy, who -subsequently arrived in the island from the continent of India, -and they actually commenced hostilities on the 25th of October, -1817, by the murder of a native Mahandiram in Ouva, and by that -of Mr. Wilson, the collector of that place, who had gone out to -remonstrate with the natives assembled in the vicinity of Badulah. - -Detachments from all the regiments stationed in Ceylon were in -consequence ordered into the interior, and the SEVENTY-THIRD -furnished for this service nearly the whole of the officers and men -fit to march. - -[Sidenote: 1818] - -The head-quarters of the battalion were transferred, in December -1817, from Colombo to Trincomalee, and a detachment from the -second battalion, which had been disbanded on the 4th of May, of -this year, having arrived from England at the latter port, it was -immediately ordered into the interior, where the rebellion had -become general in the beginning of 1818. - -On this service the battalion lost ten officers, and three hundred -and sixty-six men, of whom only one officer (Lieutenant John -Maclaine) and about twenty men were killed, or died of wounds -inflicted by the enemy, the remainder having fallen victims to -the unhealthiness of the climate, which even after the rebellion -was subdued, continued to prove fatal to the officers and men who -remained on service in the interior. The frequent exposure to the -sun, and the heavy dews at night (when detachments were constantly -on the march, particularly in the mountainous districts, where the -enemy could not be surprised by day) together with a scarcity of -provisions, brought on the jungle fever to an alarming extent, and -had not an auxiliary force been sent from Madras, the interior of -the island must of necessity have been evacuated. - -In this harassing campaign, the superiority of the British over the -native troops acting with them, was very evident; small parties -only could be employed with effect, and therefore, more individual -courage and exertion were required than with large bodies, where -the excitement is much greater. The want of surgical aid was -severely felt, and the officers at last, with the assistance of -manuscript instructions, administered medicine, dressed wounds, -and, on some occasions, performed trifling operations. Besides -fever and dysentery, leech-bites were the occasion of many -casualties. - -The peculiar kind of warfare carried on during this campaign, -afforded many opportunities for the officers and men to distinguish -themselves. The following, among many instances, is deserving of -record. A very small party of the SEVENTY-THIRD, in charge of -Lance-Corporal Richard McLoughlin, was furiously attacked on its -march to Badulah, by a numerous force; two men were killed, and the -rest, instead of leaving their deceased comrades to the Candians, -who generally mutilated the remains of British soldiers, divided; -part remained in charge of the bodies, and the other portion, at an -equal risk, proceeded to Badulah, a few miles distant, and returned -with a reinforcement, that enabled them to carry off their deceased -comrades, in spite of the exertions of the enemy to the contrary. - -For this gallant conduct, medals were struck by the Ceylon -Government for the following men, who, however, died of fever -before they could be issued, namely, Lance-Corporal Richard -McLoughlin, Privates John Wilson, Christopher Sheppard, and William -Connor. - -Whether the WATERLOO medals worn by the men who formerly belonged -to the _Second Battalion_, caused an extraordinary emulation -amongst the other soldiers of the SEVENTY-THIRD is a question; it -is, however, matter of fact, that their conduct during the whole of -the campaign gave not only their own officers, but those of other -corps, the highest satisfaction. - -[Sidenote: 1819] - -In 1819, the nineteenth regiment was ordered home from Ceylon, when -one hundred and seventy-two men volunteered to the SEVENTY-THIRD -regiment. - -[Sidenote: 1821] - -Upon the SEVENTY-THIRD being directed to proceed to England in -1821, all the men fit for service in a tropical climate were -permitted to volunteer, in the first instance, to regiments in -Ceylon, and ultimately to His Majesty’s regiments stationed in the -territories of the East India Company. - -A detachment of one subaltern, three serjeants, one drummer, and -forty-six rank and file, embarked as _Marines_ on board of His -Majesty’s ship “Alligator,” on the 22nd of May, 1821; the remainder -of the regiment embarked at Trincomalee on the 25th of June -following, and landed at Gravesend on the 10th of November. It was -then ordered to proceed to the barracks at Weedon, to which place -the depôt of the regiment had been a short time before removed -from Chichester, and where most of the men brought home were soon -afterwards invalided. - -The establishment of the regiment was, on its arrival, reduced to -eight companies, forming a total of four field officers, eight -captains, sixteen subalterns, five staff, twenty-nine serjeants, -twelve drummers, twenty-four corporals, and five hundred and -fifty-two privates. - -[Sidenote: 1823] - -In March, 1823, the regiment was ordered to proceed to Hull, and -to furnish detachments at Chester, Carlisle, and Tynemouth: in May -it marched to Edinburgh Castle, furnishing detachments at Glasgow, -Stirling and Dumbarton Castles, and at Fort William. - -In December, 1823, the regiment embarked at Port Patrick for -Ireland, and was stationed at Castlebar, furnishing twelve small -detachments within the limits of the counties of Mayo and Galway. - -[Sidenote: 1824] - -[Sidenote: 1825] - -The regiment was assembled at Athlone in June, 1824, where it was -quartered until July, 1825, when the head-quarters were removed to -Naas, and detachments were furnished to Drogheda, Wicklow, Trim, -and some villages in the counties of Kildare and Wicklow. - -In 1825, the regiment was augmented to ten companies, consisting, -while at home, of forty-two serjeants (including six staff -serjeants), fourteen drummers, and seven hundred and forty rank -and file; when ordered on foreign service to be divided into six -service companies, of four serjeants, and eighty-six rank and file -each; and four depôt companies for home service, consisting each of -three serjeants, one drummer, and fifty-six rank and file. - -[Sidenote: 1826] - -In November, 1825, the regiment was reunited in the Royal Barracks -at Dublin, where it continued until May, 1826, when, in consequence -of riots in the manufacturing towns in Lancashire and Yorkshire, it -was ordered to proceed to England. The head-quarters were fixed at -Halifax, and detachments were sent to Huddersfield, Bradford, and -to various other towns. - -Tranquillity being restored in the above counties, the regiment -was ordered to return to Dublin in July, 1826, and from thence it -proceeded in August to occupy its former quarters at Naas, and the -outposts. - -In December following, the regiment received orders to march -to Waterford, furnishing detachments at Kilkenny, Wexford, -Carrick-on-Suir, and Duncannon Fort. - -[Sidenote: 1827] - -In August, 1827, the regiment was ordered to Fermoy, preparatory -to embarkation, where in the course of the month, the service and -depôt companies were formed. - -The service companies embarked at Cove for Gibraltar towards the -end of August and beginning of the following month, and arrived at -their destination on the 10th, 17th, and 24th of September. - -The depôt companies remained in Ireland during this and the two -following years. - -[Sidenote: 1828] - -During the prevalence of the contagious and dreadful fever which -visited Gibraltar in the year 1828, the SEVENTY-THIRD were encamped -with the twenty-third Royal Welsh Fusiliers on Europa Flats, from -the 10th of October to the 17th of January, 1829. - -[Sidenote: 1829] - -The casualties in the SEVENTY-THIRD were, compared with the other -regiments in that garrison, fortunately limited to a small number. -Out of nine officers and one hundred and ninety-six privates, who -were attacked with the disease, only two officers and thirty-five -men proved fatal cases. Lieutenant Hedworth Huddleston Williamson, -and Assistant Surgeon John Gordon Fraser were the officers; the -latter, though a very young assistant, fell a victim to his zeal -for the service. - -Whether the comparatively few casualties were attributable to the -successful practice of the Surgeon George Martin, or some other -accidental cause, can be only matter of conjecture. One thing, -however, is certain, that His Excellency the Lieutenant-Governor, -as well as numerous other officers unconnected with the regiment, -acknowledged, in the most public manner, the talents and attention -of Surgeon Martin, of the SEVENTY-THIRD, on this trying occasion. - -Major-General Sir Frederick Adam, K.C.B., was appointed colonel of -the SEVENTY-THIRD regiment on the 22nd of May, 1829, in succession -to General George Lord Harris, G.C.B., deceased. - -In December, 1829, the service companies embarked for Malta, where -the last division arrived on the 31st of that month. - -On the departure of the SEVENTY-THIRD from Gibraltar, His -Excellency the Lieut.-Governor, General Sir George Don, G.C.B., -issued the following order:-- - - “_Head Quarters, - Gibraltar, 2nd December, 1829._ - - “His Excellency the Lieut.-Governor is desirous to express to - the SEVENTY-THIRD, on their departure from this garrison, the - satisfaction afforded him by their regular and orderly conduct - during the period of upwards of two years that they have been - under his command, and he feels peculiar pleasure in noticing, - that in no instance has any individual of this corps been - reported to him for any irregularity on duty during the above - period. - - “To the officers, non-commissioned officers, and privates of this - regiment, His Excellency offers his thanks, and more particularly - to Colonel O’Connell, whose zeal and constant attention must have - so essentially contributed to maintain the discipline and good - order of the corps under his command.” - -The first two divisions of the regiment embarked on board the “Lord -Suffield” and “Stentor” transports on the 2nd of December, and -sailed the same day; the last division (head-quarters) embarked on -board the “Henry Porcher” on the 8th. The first two ships reached -Malta on the 20th of December, and performed the usual quarantine -in the Lazaretto; but the “Henry Porcher” experienced such severe -weather on the 10th and 11th off Capo de Gato, that she had to put -back again to Gibraltar in distress. She, however, sailed again -on the 15th, and the men landed in the Lazaretto on the 1st of -January, 1830. - -[Sidenote: 1830] - -In February, 1830, the depôt companies were removed from Ireland to -Great Britain. - -The service companies remained in St. Elmo barracks during the -year 1830, and at the periodical inspection which took place in -April, the Commanding Officer (Colonel O’Connell), by desire -of Major-General the Honorable Frederick Cavendish Ponsonby, -Lieut.-Governor of Malta, issued the following order:-- - - “_Valetta, 5th April, 1830._ - - “The Commanding Officer has great pleasure in complying with the - desire of the Major-General commanding, that he should express - in regimental orders the General’s perfect satisfaction with - everything he has this day seen of the regiment.” - -On the 22nd of July, 1830, Colonel Maurice Charles O’Connell was -promoted to the rank of Major-General; and on the 25th of the -ensuing month the following farewell address was read to the -regiment:-- - -“Major-General O’Connell, being removed from the SEVENTY-THIRD -regiment by promotion, avails himself of the kindness of Major -Lloyd, now commanding officer of the regiment, to address to it a -few farewell words. - -“The Major-General cannot contemplate his separation from a corps, -endeared to him by all those sacred ties which bind the members of -a family together, and which have, in their fullest sense, existed -between him and the regiment for a period of nearly twenty-five -years, that he has almost uninterruptedly commanded it in so many -parts of His Majesty’s dominions, at home and abroad, without -experiencing sensations which he would find it impossible to -describe here, but which he feels most acutely. He will content -himself with requesting the officers of the regiment, generally, -to accept his most sincere thanks for the kindness that he -experienced from them, and for the uniform, undeviating attention -they have paid to his orders, and to his suggestions for the good -of the regiment; where every officer merited his approbation, -the Major-General cannot particularise individuals, but he feels -himself called on by a sense of justice, as well as of duty, and -he certainly has great pleasure in obeying that call, to offer to -his friend Lieutenant and Adjutant Russell his most particular -thanks for the zealous and effectual aid he has ever received from -him in the discharge of every duty, and to declare, that to the -exertions and abilities of this meritorious officer he is mainly -indebted for the high state of discipline which has characterised -the SEVENTY-THIRD regiment, in every garrison where it has been -stationed. - -“To the non-commissioned officers and men, he begs to express his -thanks for, and his approbation of, their uniform good conduct, -which he exhorts them to persevere in, as the surest means of -insuring to themselves the approbation of their superiors, -exemptions from punishment, and of preparing them for acquiring -honor and glory, when called to meet the enemies of their country -in the field. - -“The Major-General will conclude by assuring both officers and -men, that their happiness and glory will be for ever dear to -him, and that to the latest day of his life he will consider the -SEVENTY-THIRD regiment as part of his family, whose interests are -inseparably interwoven with his own. Should any fortunate event -ever enable him to promote the general welfare of the regiment, or -the individual interest of any of its members, whether officers, -non-commissioned officers, or privates, he hopes it is needless for -him to declare with what pleasure he shall avail himself of the -opportunity. - -“He now, with sincerest good wishes for the health, happiness, and -glory of the whole, bids them adieu.”[13] - -[Sidenote: 1831] - -In October, 1831, the depôt companies proceeded to Jersey. - -[Sidenote: 1834] - -On the 12th of April, 1834, the service companies embarked at Malta -for the Ionian islands. - -[Sidenote: 1835] - -In September, 1835, the depôt companies embarked at Portsmouth for -Cork. - -Major-General William George Lord Harris, K.C.H., was removed from -the colonelcy of the eighty-sixth to that of the SEVENTY-THIRD -regiment on the 4th of December, 1835, in succession to -Lieut.-General the Right Honorable Sir Frederick Adam, K.C.B., who -was appointed colonel of the fifty-seventh regiment. - -[Sidenote: 1838] - -The service companies embarked at Zante for Gibraltar on the 21st -of January, 1838, and arrived at that fortress in the following -month. In April and May of that year they proceeded to Nova Scotia, -and in July, 1838, were removed to Canada. - -[Sidenote: 1839] - -In June, 1839, the depôt companies were removed from Ireland to -Great Britain. - -[Sidenote: 1841] - -The service companies embarked at Quebec for England on the 5th -June, 1841, and arrived at Gosport in July, at which place they -were stationed during the remainder of the year. - -[Sidenote: 1842] - -In April, 1842, the regiment proceeded to Woolwich, and in August -to Bradford, from whence it was removed in September to Newport, in -Monmouthshire. - -[Sidenote: 1843] - -During the year 1843 the regiment remained at Newport. - -[Sidenote: 1844] - -The regiment embarked by divisions at Newport, on the 8th and 16th -of August, 1844, and disembarked at Kingstown, Dublin, on the -11th and 19th of that month. In December, the regiment moved from -Richmond to the Royal Barracks at Dublin. - -[Sidenote: 1845] - -Major-General Sir Robert Henry Dick, K.C.B., was appointed colonel -of the SEVENTY-THIRD regiment on the 10th of June, 1845, in -succession to Lieut.-General William George Lord Harris, K.C.H., -deceased. - -The service companies, under the command of Lieut.-Colonel Charles -Jowett Vander Meulen, embarked at Cork in H.M. troop-ship “Apollo” -on the 29th of September, 1845, for the Cape of Good Hope. In -consequence, however, of political events in South America, -they were required (together with the reserve battalion of the -forty-fifth regiment) by the British minister at Rio Janeiro to -proceed to the river Plate, and they were disembarked at Monte -Video in January, 1846. - -[Sidenote: 1846] - -On the 3rd of April, 1846, Major-General Sir John Grey, K.C.B., was -appointed colonel of the SEVENTY-THIRD regiment, in succession to -Major-General Sir Robert Henry Dick, K.C.B. and K.C.H., who was -killed on the 10th of February, 1846, at the battle of Sobraon. - -While the service companies were stationed at Monte Video, from -January to July, 1846, they were employed in the protection of the -town, and of the British merchants and inhabitants, against an -Argentine force under General Oribe, who was investing the place. - -[Sidenote: 1847] - -In July, the service companies were re-embarked for the Cape of -Good Hope, and arrived at Cape Town in August. After landing their -sick, they were ordered to proceed to Waterloo Bay, near to the -Great Fish River, there to disembark, and join the troops employed -in the field against the Kaffirs, on which arduous duty the -regiment was subsequently employed. - -From the 1st of January to the 3rd of February, 1847, and from the -10th of September to the end of the year, the service companies -were engaged in active field operations against the Kaffirs. On -this service the SEVENTY-THIRD had the following officers killed, -namely, Captain William Baker, Lieutenants Clarevaulx Faunt, and -the Honorable William John Granville Chetwynd, Ensign William -Burnop, and Surgeon Neil Stewart Campbell. - -[Sidenote: 1848] - -In January, 1848, the service companies proceeded to Fort Grey, -where the head-quarters were stationed until July following, and in -October they were removed from Fort D’Urban to Cape Town. - -[Sidenote: 1849] - -Major-General Richard Goddard Hare Clarges, C.B., was appointed -colonel of the SEVENTY-THIRD regiment on the 18th of May, 1849, in -succession to Major-General Sir John Grey, K.C.B., who was removed -to the fifth Fusiliers. - -During the year 1849 the service companies were stationed at Cape -Town. The depôt companies also remained in Ireland. - -[Sidenote: 1850] - -In December, 1850, the head-quarters and four companies, under the -command of Lieut.-Colonel William Eyre, were removed from Cape -Town to the Buffalo mouth for the frontier, in consequence of an -outbreak of the Kaffirs. - -[Sidenote: 1851] - -At the date of the conclusion of the present record, namely, 1st -of May 1851, the service companies were in camp at King William’s -Town, under Lieut.-Colonel Eyre. The depôt companies, under Major -George Hankey Smith, continued to be stationed in Ireland. - - -1851. - - -FOOTNOTES: - -[6] Upon the representation of Major-General Gerard Lake, who was -appointed Colonel of the _Seventy-third_ Regiment, in November -1796, the Royal Authority was granted for the word “MANGALORE” -being borne on the Regimental Colour and Appointments, in -consideration of the gallant conduct displayed in the defence of -that place. - -[7] “A View of the Origin and Conduct of the War with Tippoo -Sultan, by Lieut.-Colonel Alexander Beatson, late Aide-de-camp to -the Marquis Wellesley, Governor-General of India.” - -[8] Seringapatam derived its name from the god _Serung_, to whom -one of the pagodas was dedicated. - -[9] The history of the second battalion is resumed at page 43. - -[10] MEMORANDUM. - - _Horse Guards, 7th April, 1809._ - - As the population of the Highlands of Scotland is found to be - insufficient to supply recruits for the whole of the Highland - corps on the establishment of His Majesty’s army, and as some - of these corps laying aside their distinguishing dress, which - is objectionable to the natives of South Britain, would, in - a great measure, tend to facilitate the completing of their - establishment, as it would be an inducement to the men of the - English militia to extend their services in greater numbers to - these regiments:--it is in consequence most humbly submitted, - for the approbation of His Majesty that His Majesty’s 72nd, - 73rd, 74th, 75th, 91st, and 94th regiments should discontinue, - in future, to wear the dress by which His Majesty’s regiments of - Highlanders are distinguished, and that the above corps should no - longer be considered as on that establishment. - - (Signed) HARRY CALVERT, - _Adjutant-General_. - - -[11] Major-General Macquarie formerly commanded the SEVENTY-THIRD -regiment.--_Vide_ Memoir in Appendix, page 69. - -[12] A fourth division of the SEVENTY-THIRD sailed from Port -Jackson on the 26th of January 1815, and arrived at Ceylon in the -ship “General Brown,” on the 2nd of March. There still remained -some men of the battalion for whom room could not be provided -in the four ships already named, and those were embarked in the -colonial brig “Kangaroo,” which arrived at Colombo on the 19th of -August 1815. - -[13] A memoir of the services of Lieut.-General Sir Maurice -O’Connell, K.C.H., is contained in the Appendix, page 70. - - - - -HISTORICAL RECORD - -OF - -THE SECOND BATTALION - -OF - -THE SEVENTY-THIRD REGIMENT. - - -[Sidenote: 1802] - -Europe enjoyed but a short interval of tranquillity by the treaty -of Amiens, which was signed on the 27th of March, 1802. In May of -the following year, the war was renewed, and Napoleon Bonaparte, -the First Consul of the French Republic, threatened the invasion of -Great Britain. On the 18th of May, 1804, Napoleon was invested with -the dignity of Emperor of the French, and on the 26th of May of the -succeeding year, he was crowned at Milan as King of Italy. - -[Sidenote: 1804] - -In December, 1804, Spain issued a declaration of war against -England, and agreed to furnish a powerful aid to the French Emperor. - -[Sidenote: 1805] - -While the French pursued a victorious career in Germany, they -experienced dreadful reverses from the British navy, particularly -on the 21st of October, 1805, when the combined fleets of France -and Spain were completely defeated off _Cape Trafalgar_. The -victory was, however, clouded by the death of Admiral Viscount -Nelson, to whose memory a grateful and admiring nation paid the -highest honors. - -[Sidenote: 1806] - -[Sidenote: 1808] - -In the year 1806, the SEVENTY-THIRD regiment arrived in England -from the East Indies, and two years afterwards was ordered to -embark for New South Wales. On the promulgation of the orders -for this embarkation, it was directed that a _second battalion_ -should be added to the regiment, which was to be placed on the -establishment of the army from the 24th of December, 1808. - -The second battalion was, in the first instance, to consist of four -companies, at a hundred rank and file each; upon the effectives -exceeding four hundred, it was to be augmented to six hundred, -which number being completed, it was to be augmented to a thousand -rank and file. - -[Sidenote: 1809] - -The battalion was embodied at Nottingham, and was considerably -strengthened, within the year 1809, by volunteers from the English, -Irish, and Scotch Militia. - -[Sidenote: 1810] - -In March, 1810, the battalion proceeded to Ashborne, and -subsequently to Derby and Ashford. - -[Sidenote: 1811] - -On the 25th of October, 1811, the establishment of the battalion -was augmented to six companies, consisting of thirty-four -serjeants, twelve drummers, and six hundred rank and file. - -[Sidenote: 1812] - -In July, 1812, the battalion was removed from Ashford to Deal, and -afterwards proceeded to the Tower of London. - -[Sidenote: 1813] - -While quartered in the Tower of London, in 1813, the battalion was -augmented to ten companies, consisting of forty-five serjeants, -twenty-two drummers, and eight hundred rank and file. The battalion -proceeded to Colchester in April. - -The dreadful disasters experienced by the French in their retreat -from Russia, combined with the successes obtained over the forces -of Napoleon in the Peninsula by the allies under the Marquis of -Wellington, caused the separation of Prussia and other states -from the interest of France, and a treaty of alliance and subsidy -was concluded between Great Britain and Sweden, in which it was -stipulated that a Swedish army, commanded by the Crown Prince,[14] -should join the Allies. - -On the 25th of May, 1813, the battalion, under the command of -Lieut.-Colonel William George (afterwards Lord) Harris, embarked -on a particular service at Harwich, but subsequently joined the -expedition to Stralsund, in Swedish Pomerania, under the command of -Major-General Samuel Gibbs, and landed at that town on the 7th of -August. - -From Stralsund the SEVENTY-THIRD proceeded to join the allied -forces under the command of Lieut.-General Count Wallmoden, who -engaged, and completely defeated, the enemy on the plains of -_Gorde_, on the 16th of September, 1813. The SEVENTY-THIRD was the -only _British_ battalion in the action.[15] - -The battalion was afterwards ordered to join the British forces, -then in the north of Germany, under the command of Major-General -Samuel Gibbs, at Rostock, and subsequently embarked for England -at Warnemunde on the 2nd of November, but on arriving at Yarmouth -the battalion was ordered, without landing, to join the army in -Holland under General Sir Thomas Graham, afterwards Lord Lynedoch: -the battalion arrived at Williamstadt on the 18th of December. - -[Sidenote: 1814] - -The Prussian General, Bulow, having requested that the British -would make a forward movement upon _Antwerp_, to favour his -operations, the battalion accordingly marched to the attack of that -place, which was bombarded by the British forces on the 13th of -January, 1814; and again from the 2nd until the 6th of February, -for the purpose of destroying the French fleet lying there. - -In the attack on the village of _Merxem_ on the 2nd of February, -1814, where the enemy was strongly posted, Lieutenant John -McConnell, and Lieutenant and Adjutant Thomas Frederick James were -wounded, the former severely. A volunteer, named J. Simpson, was -also dangerously wounded. This youth was about sixteen years of -age, and was attached to the light company. Soon after the action -commenced, and in the course of a few minutes, he was shot through -both his legs, before which a bullet had lodged in the butt of his -firelock. His military career was short, as he died of his wounds -in a few days. - -On this occasion, the light company, under Captain Richard Drewe, -supported the ninety-fifth (rifle brigade) in driving the enemy -from the _abatis_ formed at the entrance to the village. The -troops suffered very severely during the foregoing operations from -the intense cold, the winter being unusually severe, and though -sleeping on the line of march was generally fatal, it was no easy -matter to prevent it. - -General Sir Thomas Graham stated in his despatch, “All the -troops engaged behaved with the usual spirit and intrepidity of -British soldiers,” and the conduct of Major Dawson Kelly, of the -SEVENTY-THIRD, was particularly noticed. - -After this success the British troops were employed in constructing -a breastwork and battery; on the 3rd of February several pieces of -heavy ordnance opened upon the city of Antwerp, and on the French -shipping in the Scheldt; the cannonade was continued until the 6th, -when General Bulow, having received orders to march southward, -to act with the grand army of the Allies, it became necessary to -relinquish the attack on Antwerp, when the British retired towards -Breda. - -On the 16th of March, 1814, a detachment of the SEVENTY-THIRD, -consisting of two hundred men, under the command of Major Dawson -Kelly, was bombarded by a French seventy-four gun-ship and eight -gun brigs, in Fort Frederick on the river Scheldt. - -Peace was shortly afterwards concluded. On the 4th of April, -Napoleon Bonaparte signed his abdication in favour of his son; but -this proposal being rejected, he signed in a few days a second -abdication, renouncing the thrones of France and Italy entirely for -himself and heirs. He afterwards selected Elba for his residence, -which island was ceded to him in full sovereignty for life, and a -pension payable from the revenues of France, and by the treaty -which was signed at Paris on the 11th of April between the Allies -and Napoleon, it was agreed that he should enjoy the imperial title -for life. Ample pensions were also assigned to his relatives. - -On the 3rd of May, 1814, Louis XVIII. entered Paris, and ascended -the throne of his ancestors, and on the 30th of that month the -general peace between France and the allied powers of Austria, -Russia, Great Britain, and Prussia, was signed at Paris. - -In the beginning of May, the battalion was ordered into quarters at -Antwerp, and in September following it marched to Tournay, where it -arrived in October. - -[Sidenote: 1815] - -The commencement of the year 1815 saw Louis XVIII. apparently -firmly seated on the throne of France; but various causes of -discontent existed in that country. The army, long accustomed to -war, still retained a chivalrous veneration for Napoleon Bonaparte, -who was kept acquainted with the state of the public mind, and -this feeling of his former troops. In the evening of the 26th of -February he embarked at Porto Ferrajo, in the island of Elba, -with about a thousand troops, of whom a few were French, and the -remainder Poles, Corsicans, Neapolitans, and Elbese. With this -motley band he landed at Cannes, in Provence, on the 1st of March, -1815, and the result proved that his calculations were correct. -After being joined by the garrison of Grenoble, he proceeded to -Lyons, and entered that city amidst the acclamations of “_Vive -l’Empereur!_” from the soldiers and the people. The possession of -the second city in France being thus obtained, Napoleon assumed -his former dignity of Emperor, and continued his advance to Paris, -which he reached on the 20th of March, his progress having been a -continued triumph. - -In the meantime, Louis XVIII. had withdrawn from Paris to Ghent, -and Napoleon took possession of the throne of France as Emperor, -but the allied powers refused to acknowledge his sovereignty, and -determined to effect his dethronement. - -The battalion had remained stationed between Tournay and Courtray -until March, 1815, when, in consequence of the foregoing events, -it was ordered to join the division of the army under the command -of Lieut.-General Baron Alten, and formed part of the brigade of -Major-General Sir Colin Halkett, K.C.B. - -On the 11th of April, 1815, it was announced to the army in -Flanders that His Royal Highness the Prince Regent, in the name -and behalf of His Majesty, had appointed Field Marshal the Duke of -Wellington, K.G., to be commander of His Majesty’s forces on the -continent of Europe, and it was directed that the _Fifth_ British -brigade of infantry should be composed of the second battalion of -the thirtieth, the thirty-third, and the second battalions of the -sixty-ninth and seventy-third regiments.[16] - -Napoleon left Paris on the 12th of June, and endeavoured, by -one of those rapid and decisive movements for which he had been -celebrated, to interpose his forces between the British and -Prussian armies, and then attack them in detail. Information of -this movement arrived at Brussels during the evening of the 15th of -June, and the troops were immediately ordered to prepare to march. - -On the 16th of June, the division of which the second battalion of -the SEVENTY-THIRD formed part, pursued its course, with the other -portions of the army, through the forest of Soignies, Genappe, and -along the road towards Charleroi. After a march of twenty-two -miles the troops arrived at the post of _Les Quatre Bras_, where -the second French corps, under Marshal Ney, was developing a -serious attack against that position, with very superior numbers. - -As the British regiments arrived at the scene of conflict, they -were instantly formed for action. The repeated charges of the -French were repulsed, but a considerable loss was incurred, -including his Serene Highness the Duke of Brunswick, who fell at -the head of his troops. - -The SEVENTY-THIRD had the following officers wounded:--Lieutenants -John Acres and John Lloyd, and Ensigns Robert Greville Heselrige -and Thomas Deacon. Lieutenant Acres died of his wounds. One -drummer, and three rank and file were killed, and one serjeant and -forty-three rank and file wounded. - -Marshal Blucher had been attacked on the 16th of June by Napoleon -at Ligny, and the Prussians, after a desperate conflict, were -compelled to retreat to Wavre. This caused the Duke of Wellington -to make a corresponding movement, to keep up his communication with -them. - -In the course of the morning of the 17th of June, the troops were -withdrawn from _Quatre Bras_, and proceeded towards _Waterloo_. On -this day, the SEVENTY-THIRD had Lieutenant Joseph William Henry -Streaphan and three rank and file killed. - -The position which the Duke of Wellington occupied in front of -_Waterloo_, crossed the high roads leading from Charleroi and -Nivelle to Brussels, and which roads united at the village of Mont -St. Jean, in the rear of the British. The right wing extended to a -ravine near Merke Braine, which was occupied. The left extended -to a height above the hamlet of Ter la Haye, which was likewise -occupied. In front of the right centre, and near the Nivelle road, -the house and garden of Hougomont were taken possession of, and in -front of the left centre, the farm of La Haye Sainte was occupied. -By the left the British communicated with Marshal Prince Blucher at -Wavre, through Ohaim. - -Napoleon collected his army on a range of heights in front of the -British, with the exception of his third corps, which he had sent -to observe the Prussians. About ten o’clock the French commenced a -furious attack upon the post at Hougomont. Then ensued a conflict -which will ever be memorable in the history of Europe. The attacks -of the French troops were frequently calculated to spread confusion -through any army. They were supported by the thunder of a numerous -artillery, and followed up by such a succession of column after -column, rolling onwards like the waves of the sea, that it required -a degree of unexampled fortitude and courage to oppose effectual -resistance to so fierce and continued a storm of war. - -That degree of courage was not wanting in the British ranks, and -paralysed by the fierce determination of his opponents, the attacks -of Napoleon’s legions relaxed; the Prussians arrived on the left -to co-operate; the Anglo-Belgian army formed line, and with one -impetuous charge decided the fortune of the day. The French were -driven from the field with the loss of their cannon and equipage, -and the hopes of Bonaparte were annihilated. - -During the greater part of the battle, the SEVENTY-THIRD, with -the second battalion of the thirtieth, were very much exposed -to the enemy’s artillery, and constantly engaged in repelling -numerous charges of cavalry that appeared determined to break -their square, which ultimately was reduced to a very small size, -from the casualties occasioned by round and grape shot. Lieutenant -Robert Stewart, one of the junior officers of the SEVENTY-THIRD, -commanded the battalion at the termination of the battle, and in -consequence was some years afterwards promoted to a company without -purchase.[17] - -The casualties amongst the officers were unusually great. Of -_twenty-three_ who marched into action on the 16th of June at -Quatre Bras, _twenty-two_ were killed and wounded on that and the -two following days. - -In the battle on the 18th of June the SEVENTY-THIRD had Captains -Alexander Robertson and John Kennedy; Lieutenant Matthew Hollis; -and Ensigns William Law Lowe and Charles Page _killed_. - -The officers wounded were Lieut.-Colonel William George Harris -(Colonel) commanding the battalion, severely; Major Archibald -John Maclean, who died of his wounds; Captains Henry Coane, -William Wharton, and John Garland, all severely. Lieutenants -John McConnell, Thomas Reynolds, and Donald Browne all severely; -Lieutenant Browne afterwards died of his wounds. Ensigns William -McBean, Charles Bedford Eastwood, and George Dondridge Bridge -(severely), and Ensign and Adjutant Patrick Hay severely. - -Three serjeants, one drummer, and forty-three rank and file were -killed, and thirteen serjeants, two drummers, and one hundred and -sixty rank and file were wounded; twenty-four of the above number -died of their wounds; forty-one rank and file were missing. - -In acknowledgment of the services which the army performed in the -battle of Waterloo, and the actions immediately preceding it, each -subaltern officer and soldier present were permitted to count two -years additional service, and silver medals were conferred on all -ranks, bearing on the one side an impression of His Royal Highness -the Prince Regent, and on the reverse the figure of Victory, -holding the palm in the right hand, and the olive branch in the -left, with the word “_Wellington_” over its head, and “WATERLOO,” -18th June, 1815, at its feet. - -The thanks of both Houses of Parliament were voted to the army -with the greatest enthusiasm, “for its distinguished valour at -Waterloo;” and the SEVENTY-THIRD and other regiments engaged, -were permitted to bear the word “WATERLOO” on their colours and -appointments, in commemoration of their distinguished services on -the 18th of June, 1815. - -After the battle of Waterloo, the battalion, which was reduced to -a complete skeleton, advanced with the army to Paris, where it -arrived in the first week in July, and encamped in the Bois de -Boulogne until November, when it was placed in cantonments in the -vicinity of that metropolis. - -Meanwhile Louis XVIII. had entered Paris, and was again reinstated -on the throne of his ancestors. Napoleon Bonaparte had surrendered -himself to Captain Maitland, commanding the “Bellerophon” British -ship of war, and the island of St. Helena having been fixed for -his residence, he was conveyed thither, with a few of his zealous -adherents. - -When the allied forces retired from Paris in December, 1815, with -the exception of the “_Army of Occupation_” left in France, the -second battalion of the SEVENTY-THIRD regiment was ordered to -return to England; it embarked at Calais on the 23rd of December, -and landed on the same day at Ramsgate; from Ramsgate it marched to -Colchester to join the depôt, which continued in that town during -the absence of the battalion on foreign service. - -[Sidenote: 1816] - -The battalion afterwards marched to Nottingham, where it arrived on -the 12th of February, 1816. - -[Sidenote: 1817] - -The battalion was stationed between Nottingham, Weedon, and -Colchester, until May, 1817, when it was ordered to proceed to -Chelmsford to be disbanded, which measure took place on the 4th of -May, 1817, the most effective men, consisting of three hundred and -ten non-commissioned officers and privates being embarked to join -the first battalion of the regiment at Ceylon. - - -1817. - - -CONCLUSION. - -The earlier services of the SEVENTY-THIRD regiment, originally -formed as a second battalion to the forty-second Highlanders, -are connected with the wars against Hyder Ali and his son, -Tippoo Saib, the powerful sultans of the Mysore territory: the -word “_Mangalore_,” granted by royal authority for the gallant -defence of that fortress in 1783, and the word “_Seringapatam_” -for the share taken by the regiment in the capture of the capital -of Tippoo’s country in 1799, when that sovereign terminated his -career by a soldier’s death, are borne on the regimental colour and -appointments, in commemoration of these arduous campaigns in India. - -Other services were, however, performed by the regiment in the -East, among which may be named the capture of the French settlement -of _Pondicherry_ in 1793, and that of the Dutch island of _Ceylon_ -in 1796, when the French Directory had caused Holland to become -involved in hostilities with Great Britain. - -After a service of _twenty-four_ years in India, the regiment -returned to England, and arrived at Greenwich in July, 1806. - -In 1809 the regiment proceeded to New South Wales, when a second -battalion was added to its establishment. - -Brief as was the career of the second battalion, namely from -1809 to 1817, it added the imperishable word “WATERLOO” to the -regimental colour and appointments, that distinction being -conferred by the Sovereign to commemorate its services in that -battle, which gave a lengthened peace to the powers of Europe. - -In 1814 the first battalion embarked from New South Wales for -Ceylon, in the capture of which island the regiment had formerly -participated. - -The regiment returned to England in 1821, and continued on home -service until 1827, when it embarked for Gibraltar, from which -fortress it proceeded to Malta in 1829, and in 1834 to the Ionian -Islands, whence it returned to Gibraltar in 1838, and embarked for -North America. - -In 1841 the regiment returned to England, and, in 1845, proceeded -to the Cape of Good Hope, where it is now employed in active -operations against the Kaffirs. - -The orderly behaviour of the regiment in quarters, whether employed -at home, or on foreign stations, combined with its soldier-like -conduct in the field, have secured the confidence of the nation, -and the approbation of the Sovereign. - - -1851. - -[Illustration: SEVENTY-THIRD REGIMENT. - -_Madeley lith. 3 Wellington S^t Strand_ - -_For Cannon’s Military Records._] - - -FOOTNOTES: - -[14] On the 21st of August, 1810, the French Marshal Bernadotte, -one of Napoleon’s generals, was elected Crown Prince of Sweden. -The appointment of a successor to the throne of that country was -considered necessary in consequence of the Duke of Sudermania, who -had been elected king in the room of the deposed Gustavus IV., -being advanced in years, and without children. - -[15] The following statement of the above operations is contained -in the _Annual Register_, vol. 87, page 280:-- - -“After landing at Stralsund, and assisting in completing the works -of that town, Lieut.-Colonel Harris, with the SEVENTY-THIRD, was -detached into the interior of the country, to feel for the enemy, -and also to get into communication with Lieut.-General Count -Wallmoden, which dangerous service he successfully effected, -though he had, with great care and caution, to creep with his -small force between the large _corps d’armée_ of Davoust and other -French generals at that time stationed in Pomerania, Mecklenburg, -and Hanover. Having joined Count Wallmoden, the SEVENTY-THIRD -contributed greatly to the victory that General gained over the -French on the plains of Gorde, in Hanover, where Lieut.-Colonel -Harris, at the head of his battalion, declining any aid, and at the -moment when the German hussars had been routed, charged up a steep -hill, took a battery of French artillery, and unfurling the British -colours, at once spread terror amongst that gallant enemy which -feared no others; a panic struck them, and they fled.” - -[16] A list of the British and Hanoverian army at Waterloo is -inserted in the _Appendix_, page 73. - -[17] “Once, and once only, during the dreadful carnage at Waterloo, -did the stern SEVENTY-THIRD hesitate to fill up a gap which the -relentless iron had torn in their square; their Lieut.-Colonel -(Brevet Colonel Harris) at once pushing his horse lengthwise across -the space, said with a smile, ‘Well, my lads, if you wont, I must’; -it is almost needless to add that immediately he was led back to -his proper place, and the ranks closed up by men still more devoted -than before.”--(_Annual Register_, _vol. 87_, page 280.) - - - - -SUCCESSION OF COLONELS - -OF - -THE SEVENTY-THIRD REGIMENT. - - -SIR GEORGE OSBORN, BART. - -_Appointed 18th April, 1786_. - -The early services of this officer were associated with the -sixteenth light dragoons, in which, upon that regiment being raised -in 1759, Sir George Osborn, Bart., obtained a troop on the 20th -of December of that year, and on the 13th of February, 1762, he -was promoted to the rank of major in the eighteenth, Royal Irish, -regiment of foot. On the 31st of March, 1763, Major Sir George -Osborn was appointed deputy quarter-master-general to the Forces -in Ireland, and on the 19th of November, 1765, he was promoted to -the third regiment of foot guards as captain and lieut.-colonel, in -which regiment he was appointed second major, with the brevet rank -of colonel in the army, on the 7th of August, 1777. On the 19th -of February, 1779, he was advanced to the rank of major-general, -and was appointed lieut.-colonel in the third regiment of foot -guards on the 25th of March, 1782. Upon the second battalion of the -forty-second, Royal Highlanders, being numbered the SEVENTY-THIRD -Highland regiment in 1786, His Majesty King George III. appointed -Major-General Sir George Osborn, Bart., to the colonelcy of the -SEVENTY-THIRD on the 18th of April of that year, and on the 11th -of August following he was removed to the fortieth regiment, which -he retained until his decease. On the 28th of September 1787, Sir -George Osborn was advanced to the rank of lieut.-general, and to -that of general on the 26th of January, 1797. General Sir George -Osborn died at Chicksands Priory on the 29th of June, 1818, in the -seventy-seventh year of his age. - - -SIR WILLIAM MEDOWS, K.B. - -_Appointed 11th August, 1786_. - -The early services of this distinguished officer are connected -with the fourth horse, now seventh dragoon guards, in which corps -he was appointed captain in March, 1764, and was promoted to -the rank of major on the 1st of October, 1766. He was further -advanced to the rank of lieut.-colonel of the fifth Fusiliers -in 1769; was removed to the twelfth light dragoons in 1773, and -to the fifty-fifth regiment in 1775. While serving with his -regiment in North America, he evinced that valour, magnanimity, -and military skill, which were afterwards more fully developed in -the West, and also the East Indies. He was again removed to the -lieut.-colonelcy of the fifth Fusiliers in 1777, in succession -to Lieut.-Colonel Walcott, who died of wounds received at the -battle of Germantown, in Pennsylvania, which was fought on the -4th of October, 1777. He commanded the fifth during the long and -hazardous retreat from Philadelphia to New York; and having been -appointed to act as brigadier-general, he proceeded with the -expedition under Major-General James Grant to the West Indies. -Brigadier-General Medows commanded the reserve, consisting of the -fifth foot, grenadiers, and light infantry, at the attack of St. -Lucia in December 1778; and having seized on the post of La Vigie, -he evinced signal intrepidity in defending it against the attacks -of a French force of very superior numbers: though severely wounded -early in the day, he refused to quit his post, and finding his -ammunition nearly expended, he drew up his men in front of their -colours, and waving his sword, exclaimed, “Soldiers, as long as you -have a bayonet to point against an enemy’s breast, defend these -colours.” They did so, and secured the conquest of St. Lucia. - -His distinguished bravery was rewarded in 1780, with the colonelcy -of the (late) eighty-ninth regiment: and in 1781 he was promoted -to the local rank of major-general in the East Indies, where -he acquired numerous laurels under General the Earl Cornwallis. -He was promoted to the rank of major-general in 1782, and was -appointed to the colonelcy of the SEVENTY-THIRD Highland regiment -on the 11th of August, 1786; and his meritorious services procured -him the honor of wearing the insignia of a Knight Companion of -the Bath. Sir William Medows was afterwards appointed Governor -and Commander-in-Chief of Madras. In 1792 Sir William Medows was -promoted to the rank of lieut.-general; in 1796 he was appointed -colonel of the seventh dragoon guards; and in 1798 was advanced to -the rank of general. He was also Governor of Hull, and a member of -the Privy Council in Ireland. The decease of General Sir William -Medows, K.B., occurred on the 20th of November, 1813. - - -GERARD LAKE, - -(Afterwards Viscount Lake.) - -_Appointed 2nd November, 1796_. - -Gerard Lake, third son of Lancelot Charles Lake, Esq., choosing -the profession of arms, was nominated to the commission of ensign -and lieutenant in the first foot guards, on the 9th of May, -1758; in 1762 he was promoted to lieutenant and captain, and in -1776 to captain and lieut.-colonel. He served in North America -during the War of Independence; was engaged in operations in -the southern states, under General the Earl Cornwallis, and had -opportunities of distinguishing himself. When Earl Cornwallis’s -force was besieged in York Town, by the united French and American -armies, Lieut.-Colonel Lake commanded a detachment of foot guards -and grenadiers of the eightieth regiment, which made a sortie -on the 16th of October, 1781, forced the entrenchments, spiked -eleven heavy guns, and killed and wounded about a hundred French -soldiers. On the surrender of York Town he became a prisoner of -war; but hostilities were terminated soon afterwards, and he -returned to England, having been promoted to the rank of colonel -in February, 1782. In 1784 he was nominated major, and in 1792 -lieut.-colonel in the first foot guards. In 1790 he was advanced -to the rank of major-general. On the breaking out of the French -revolutionary war, he was nominated to the command of the brigade -of foot guards which proceeded to Flanders, and served under His -Royal Highness the Duke of York. He commanded this brigade at the -battle of Famars, and at the siege of Valenciennes, and highly -distinguished himself at Lincelles, on the 18th of August, 1793, -for which he was thanked in general orders. He also served before -Dunkirk, and in other operations: and in 1794 he was rewarded with -the colonelcy of the fifty-third regiment, and the government of -Limerick; he was afterwards nominated Governor of Dumbarton. In -1796 he was removed to the SEVENTY-THIRD regiment: in 1797 he was -promoted to the rank of lieut.-general, and placed on the staff -of Ireland, where he evinced talent and energy in suppressing the -rebellion which broke out in 1798, and gained several important -victories over the insurgents. When the French landed in Ireland, -he was obliged to retire a short distance; but additional troops -advancing to his aid, he intercepted the French soldiers and forced -them to surrender prisoners of war. In 1800 he was appointed -Commander-in-Chief in India, and colonel of the eightieth regiment; -and in 1802 he was promoted to the rank of general. He arrived -in India at the period when the Governor-General, the Marquis -Wellesley, was displaying the energies of his mind in counteracting -the intrigues of France among the native powers of Hindoostan; and -the ambitious designs of the Mahratta chiefs soon called General -Lake into the field, when his talents were conspicuously displayed. -His spirited and judicious operations at Coel, on the 29th of -August, 1803; the assault of Aly Ghur, on the 9th of September; -and the overthrow of the Mahratta army near Delhi, on the 11th of -September, on which occasion his charger was killed under him, -produced decisive results. The country between the Ganges and Jumna -rivers, called the Doab (a general name in India for the space -between two rivers), became subject to British authority; and six -days afterwards General Lake visited the Emperor, Shah Alum, whom -he had rescued from oppression, and who conferred upon him titles -which signified,--The Saver of the State,--Hero of the Land,--Lord -of the Age,--and the Victorious in War. - -Afterwards proceeding to Agra, General Lake speedily captured that -place, and on the 1st of November, 1803, he gained an important -victory at Leswaree, when the French-officered battalions of Dowlat -Rao Scindia were annihilated, the Mahratta army overpowered, -and its colours, artillery, and baggage captured. His services -on this occasion were of a distinguished character; he led the -charge of the cavalry in the morning;--conducted in person the -attacks of the infantry, and in the midst of the storm of battle he -displayed valour, professional ability, promptitude and decision; -his magnanimous example inspired confidence and emulation in the -troops, and they triumphed over very superior numbers. Two horses -were killed under him on this occasion. - -His important services were rewarded, in 1804, with the title of -LORD LAKE OF DELHI AND LESWAREE. - -Pursuing, the war with vigour, Lord Lake routed the power of Holkar -at Furruckbad; but the war was protracted by the defection of the -Rajah of Bhurtpore; and when his Lordship besieged the city of -Bhurtpore, he failed in capturing the place from the want of a -battering train. The Rajah of Bhurtpore was, however, brought to -terms; and Lord Lake pursued the hostile Rajah of Berar from place -to place until this chief was brought to submission. The British -military power in the East was strengthened by these successes; and -the extent and stability of the dominions in India augmented. - -His Lordship returned to England, and in 1807 he was advanced to -the dignity of VISCOUNT LAKE. - -He caught cold while sitting on the general court-martial which -tried Major-General Whitelocke; and died on the 30th of February, -1808. - - -GEORGE LORD HARRIS, G.C.B. - -_Appointed 14th February, 1800._ - -This distinguished officer entered the service in 1759 as a -cadet in the Royal Artillery, and was appointed ensign in the -fifth fusiliers on the 30th of July, 1762; he was promoted to be -lieutenant on the 2nd of July, 1765, was appointed adjutant in -1767, and promoted to the rank of captain on the 25th of July, -1771. In May, 1774, Captain Harris embarked for America, and -was present in the first action of the American war, namely, at -Lexington, on the 19th of April, 1775. At the battle of Bunker’s -Hill on the 17th of June following, he was severely wounded in the -head, and obliged to be trepanned, which caused him to be sent to -England; but he returned in time to take the field previously to -the landing of the British army on Long Island in August, 1776. -Captain Harris was present at the affair of Flat Bush; in the -skirmishes on York Island; in the engagement at White Plains; at -Iron Hill (where he was shot through the leg), and in every action -up to the 3rd of November, 1778, except that of Germantown. In -1778 he was promoted to the rank of major in the fifth fusiliers, -and embarked with the regiment for the West Indies with the force -under Major-General James Grant, by whom he was appointed to -command the battalion of grenadiers, and landed with the reserve -of the army under Brigadier-General Medows, at St. Lucia on the -25th of December. After the taking of Morne Fortunée, Major -Harris was second in command under Brigadier-General Medows at -the post of La Vigie, where the French were repulsed in their -repeated attacks, and in consequence they retreated from the -Island. Immediately after the departure of the French armament, -the Governor surrendered the Island of St. Lucia to the British -troops, the capitulation being signed on the 30th of December, -1778. In 1779, Major Harris embarked with the fifth fusiliers, -which were ordered to serve as marines, and was present in the -engagement off Grenada, under Admiral Byron, on the 6th of July, -1779. In 1780, Major Harris returned to England, and in December of -that year succeeded to a lieut.-colonelcy in the fifth fusiliers, -from which he exchanged into the seventy-sixth regiment, and -accompanied to the East Indies, as secretary, Sir William Medows, -who was appointed Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Madras. -Lieut.-Colonel Harris served in the campaigns of 1790 and 1791 -against Tippoo Sultan; in the action of the 15th of May, 1791, -he was appointed by General the Earl Cornwallis to command the -second line; he was also personally engaged in the attack of the -Sultan’s camp and of the Island of Seringapatam, on the night of -the 6th of February, 1792, the success of which terminated that -war. Peace being re-established, Lieut.-Colonel Harris returned -with Lieut.-General Sir William Medows to England. On the 18th of -November, 1792, he was promoted colonel by brevet, and on the 3rd -of October, 1794, he was advanced to the rank of major-general, -when he re-embarked for India, and was placed on the Bengal Staff. -On the 3rd of May, 1796, Major-General Harris received the local -rank of lieut.-general, and was appointed Commander-in-Chief in the -Presidency of Fort St. George; in February, 1798, he succeeded to -the military and civil government of the troops and territories of -Madras. - -In December, 1798, Lieut.-General Harris was selected, by the -Marquis Wellesley to command the army assembled to repel the -threatened hostility of Tippoo Sultan, to besiege his capital, and -to reduce his power. The army under the command of Lieut.-General -Harris exceeded fifty thousand men, and the object of the -expedition was accomplished by the capture of _Seringapatam_, the -death of Tippoo, and annexation of his dominions to the British -Crown, as detailed in the Historical Record of the SEVENTY-THIRD, -of which regiment he was appointed colonel on the 14th of February, -1800, as a reward for his important services:--on the 1st of -January, 1801, he was promoted to the rank of lieut.-general. On -the 1st of January, 1812, Lieut.-General Harris was advanced to the -rank of general. In August, 1815, General Harris was raised to the -peerage by the title of Baron Harris of Seringapatam and Mysore in -the East Indies, and of Belmont in Kent, and was appointed a Knight -Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath on the 27th of May, 1820. His -Lordship succeeded General Francis Dundas as Governor of Dumbarton -Castle in January, 1824. During the latter years of his life his -Lordship lived in retirement at his seat at Belmont, Feversham, in -Kent, where his decease occurred on the 19th of May, 1829, at the -advanced age of eighty-two years. - - -THE RIGHT HONORABLE SIR FREDERICK ADAM, G.C.B., & G.C.M.G. - -_Appointed 22nd May, 1829._ - -Removed to the fifty-seventh regiment on the 4th of December, 1835, -and to the twenty-first, Royal North British Fusiliers, on the 31st -of May, 1843. - - -WILLIAM GEORGE LORD HARRIS, C.B., & K.C.H. - -_Appointed 4th December, 1835._ - -This distinguished officer was the son of General the first Lord -Harris, and entered the army as an ensign in the seventy-sixth -regiment of infantry, on the 24th of May, 1795; was promoted -lieutenant in the thirty-sixth regiment on the 3rd of January, -1796, from which he was removed to the seventy-fourth Highlanders -on the 4th of September following, and joined in India in 1797. -Lieutenant Harris served at the battle of Mallavelly on the 27th of -March, 1799, and during the campaign under his father, Lord Harris, -which led to the capture of Seringapatam, and was in nearly all -the affairs, out-posts, and in the storming party on the 4th of -May, 1799, which carried that fortress, where Lieutenant Harris was -one of the first to enter the breach, for which he was commended -on the spot by Major-General (afterwards Sir David) Baird. Being -sent home with the captured standards, Lieutenant Harris had the -honor of presenting them to His Majesty King George III., and -was promoted to a company in the forty-ninth regiment, on the -16th of October, 1800, which he joined at Jersey, and embarking -with it towards the end of the year for England, was wrecked on -the passage off Guernsey. Captain Harris afterwards accompanied -his regiment in the expedition to the Baltic under the command -of Admiral Parker and Vice-Admiral Nelson, and was present in -the “Glatton” frigate in the desperate action off Copenhagen on -the 2nd of April, 1801. In 1802, Captain Harris embarked with -the forty-ninth regiment for Canada, and served in the upper -province for two years; being then appointed to a majority in -the SEVENTY-THIRD regiment, he proceeded to join that corps in -India, and on his way out was employed at the capture of the Cape -of Good Hope in January, 1806, and was present at the action of -Blue Berg. The SEVENTY-THIRD having quitted India previously to -his arrival, he returned to England the same year, and found he -had succeeded to the lieut.-colonelcy of that regiment. Upon the -formation of the second battalion of the SEVENTY-THIRD, which was -placed on the establishment of the army from the 24th of December, -1808, Lieut.-Colonel Harris was appointed to the command of it, -and zealously applied himself to perfecting its discipline, and -rendering it efficient in every respect. In 1813, Lieut.-Colonel -Harris embarked on a particular service with the second battalion -of the SEVENTY-THIRD regiment, but afterwards joined the expedition -to Stralsund, in Swedish Pomerania, under Major-General Samuel -Gibbs. On arrival Lieut.-Colonel Harris was selected to take the -field with his battalion, and place himself under the orders of -Lieut.-General Count Wallmoden, and was present in the action of -the Gorde (in which he highly distinguished himself), under that -commander, on the 16th of September, 1813. In November, 1813, the -second battalion of the SEVENTY-THIRD re-embarked in the Gulf of -Lubec for England; but on arriving at Yarmouth, it was ordered, -without landing, to join the army of General Sir Thomas Graham -(afterwards Lord Lynedoch) in Holland. During the winter campaign -before Antwerp, rendered more difficult in consequence of the -severity of the weather, Lieut.-Colonel Harris had the honor of -carrying the village of Merxem by storm, under the eye of His late -Majesty King William IV., then Duke of Clarence, and, during the -remainder of the operations, was employed as brigadier-general. -After the peace of 1814, when Antwerp was delivered up, Colonel -Harris, to which rank he had been promoted on the 4th of June, -1814, was quartered in that town, and remained in the Low Countries -with his battalion during the remainder of the year 1814, and the -early part of 1815. On the return of Napoleon from Elba, Colonel -Harris joined the army of the Duke of Wellington, and his battalion -was appointed to the brigade commanded by Major-General Sir Colin -Halkett, and took part in the stubborn contest of the 16th of -June, 1815, at _Quatre Bras_,--assisted in covering the retreat on -the 17th; and on the 18th of June, at _Waterloo_, bore a gallant -part in the complete defeat of Napoleon in that memorable battle. -Colonel Harris, late in the afternoon, received a shot through the -right shoulder, from which severe wound he continued to suffer -at times for the remainder of his life. On retiring on half-pay, -a testimony of admiration and regard was presented to him by the -officers of his battalion in the shape of a splendid sword. On the -19th of July, 1821, Colonel Harris was advanced to the rank of -Major-General. Major-General the Honorable William George Harris -was employed on the staff of the army in Ireland from the 17th of -May, 1823, until the 24th of June, 1825, when he was appointed to -the command of the northern district of Great Britain, which he -retained until the 24th of July, 1828, and contributed materially -in quelling the disturbances in the manufacturing districts. On the -decease of his father, Lord Harris, in 1829, he succeeded to the -title, and from that period lived in retirement at Belmont, the -family seat, near Feversham in Kent. On the 3rd of December, 1832, -Major-General Lord Harris was appointed colonel of the eighty-sixth -regiment, and was removed to the SEVENTY-THIRD on the 4th of -December, 1835. In January, 1837, Lord Harris was promoted to the -rank of Lieut.-General. His decease occurred at Belmont, after a -short illness, on the 30th of May, 1845. Lord Harris was a Knight -Commander of the Royal Hanoverian Guelphic Order, a Companion of -the Bath, and a Knight of the Order of William of Holland. - - -SIR ROBERT HENRY DICK, K.C.B., & K.C.H. - -_Appointed 10th June, 1845._ - -This officer commenced his military career as ensign in the -seventy-fifth regiment, his commission being dated 22nd of -November, 1800, from which he was promoted to the rank of -lieutenant in the sixty-second foot, on the 27th of June, 1802; -was appointed to the ninth battalion of reserve on the 20th of -December, 1803, and removed to the forty-second Royal Highland -regiment on the 5th of January of the following year. Lieutenant -Dick was promoted to the rank of Captain in the seventy-eighth -regiment on the 17th of April, 1804, and embarked with the second -battalion of that corps for Sicily in 1806; in the battle of -Maida, which was fought on the 4th of July, 1806, Captain Dick -was wounded; was also present at the taking of the fortress of -Catrone in Calabria. Admiral Sir John Duckworth having failed in -his mission to detach Turkey from the interests of France, Great -Britain determined to seize upon Egypt, as a check to any fresh -demonstration by the French against the British possessions in -the East Indies, and an armament sailed from Sicily in February, -1807, and landed at Aboukir on the 18th of the following month. -This expedition was under the command of Major-General Alexander -Mackenzie Fraser, the colonel of the seventy-eighth Highlanders, -and Captain Dick was embarked with the second battalion of that -regiment. On the 21st of March, 1807, Alexandria was occupied by -the British troops; this was the anniversary of the celebrated -battle fought there in 1801, when the gallant General Sir Ralph -Abercromby received the wound which terminated his career. A force -of fifteen hundred men was afterwards detached against Rosetta, -before which place Captain Dick was severely wounded. Egypt was -evacuated by the British in September, 1807, and the troops -returned to Sicily. Captain Dick was promoted to the rank of Major -on the 24th of April, 1808, and was appointed to the forty-second -Royal Highlanders on the 14th of July following. Major Dick -embarked with the second battalion of the forty-second regiment -for the Peninsula in June, 1809, and commanded a light battalion -at the battle of Busaco on the 27th of September, 1810, and during -the retreat to the lines of Torres Vedras; also in the action at -Foz D’Aronce on the 15th of March, 1811, where he was wounded; -and at the battle of Fuentes d’Onor on the 3rd and 5th of May -following. During the siege of Ciudad Rodrigo, which was captured -on the 19th of January, 1812, Major Dick served with the second -battalion of the forty-second regiment, and also at the third -siege of Badajoz, which was taken on the 6th of April following. -On the first battalion of the forty-second joining the army in -the Peninsula towards the end of April, 1812, the soldiers of the -second battalion fit for duty were transferred to the former, -and the officers and staff of the latter returned to England to -recruit. He commanded a light battalion at the battle of Salamanca -on the 22nd of July, 1812. At the storming of Fort St. Michael, -near Burgos, on the 19th of September, Major Dick commanded the -first battalion of the forty-second, and his conduct was commended -in the Marquis of Wellington’s public despatch. The siege of the -Castle of Burgos was afterwards commenced, but the concentration -of the enemy’s forces obliged the British commander to raise the -siege and retire to Salamanca, and subsequently to Ciudad Rodrigo. -On the 8th of October, 1812, Major Dick was promoted to the brevet -rank of Lieut.-Colonel. In January 1813, Brevet Lieut.-Colonel Dick -returned to England on two months’ leave of absence, and joined the -second battalion, which, after its return from the Peninsula in -1812, had remained in North Britain, until it was disbanded after -the termination of the war in 1814. - -During the campaign of 1815, Lieut.-Colonel Dick served with the -forty-second regiment, and after the death of Lieut.-Colonel -Sir Robert Macara, K.C.B., at Quatre Bras on the 16th of June -of that year, the command of the regiment devolved on Brevet -Lieut.-Colonel Dick, who was slightly wounded in the hip and -severely in the left shoulder. He was promoted to be lieut.-colonel -of the forty-second regiment on the 18th of June, 1815, the date of -the battle of Waterloo, for which he received a medal, in addition -to the medal and two clasps conferred on him for the battles -of Busaco, Fuentes d’Onor, and Salamanca, and was appointed a -Companion of the Order of the Bath. - -Lieut.-Colonel Dick was promoted to the rank of colonel on the 27th -of May, 1825, on being appointed aide-de-camp to King George IV., -and in November, 1828, exchanged from the forty-second regiment to -the half-pay unattached. On the 10th of January, 1837, Colonel Dick -was promoted to the rank of major-general, and on the 19th of July, -1838, was nominated a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath. -From December 1838 to July 1842, Major-General Sir Robert Dick -served upon the staff of the army at Madras, and was afterwards -removed to the Presidency of Bengal. Major-General Sir Robert Dick -was appointed by Her Majesty to be colonel of the SEVENTY-THIRD -regiment on the 10th of June, 1845. - -Upon the invasion of the British territories in India by the Sikhs -in the beginning of December 1845, Major-General Sir Robert Dick -was appointed to the command of the third infantry division of the -“_Army of the Sutlej_,” and after sharing in the battle of Moodkee -on the 18th of December, and that of Ferozeshah on the 21st and -22nd of the same month, was wounded by a grape-shot at Sobraon -on the 10th of February, 1846, while personally animating the -troops under his command, from the effects of which he died in the -evening of that day. This victory brought the operations in the -field to a close, and the Sikh city of Lahore was occupied by the -British troops, where a treaty was concluded which was considered -calculated to prevent the repetition of a similar outrage. - - -SIR JOHN GREY, K.C.B. - -_Appointed 3rd April, 1846._ - -Removed to the fifth Fusiliers on the 18th May, 1849. - - -RICHARD GODDARD HARE CLARGES, C.B. - -_Appointed 18th May, 1849._ - - - - -APPENDIX. - - -_Memoir of the Services of Major-General Lachlan Macquarie, -formerly Lieut.-Colonel of the_ SEVENTY-THIRD _regiment_. - -Major-General Lachlan Macquarie entered the army on the 9th of -April, 1777, as ensign in the late eighty-fourth regiment, (which -was disbanded in 1784), and performed garrison duty at Halifax, -and other parts of Nova Scotia, for four years, namely, from the -year 1777 to 1781. On the 18th of January, 1781, he was promoted -to the rank of lieutenant in the late seventy-first regiment, and -did garrison duty at New York and Charleston, in North America, -and in the island of Jamaica for three years. He was placed on -half-pay on the 4th of June, 1784, and was appointed lieutenant -in the seventy-seventh regiment on the 25th of December, 1787, -and promoted to the rank of captain on the 9th of November, 1788. -Captain Macquarie served in various parts of India, from the 3rd -of August, 1788, to the 1st of January, 1803; was present at the -sieges of Cannanore, in 1790, at Seringapatam in 1791, at Cochin -in 1795, and at Colombo, in Ceylon, in 1796. As a reward for his -services he had received the brevet rank of major on the 3rd of -May, 1796, and continued to serve in various parts of India, during -the above-mentioned periods. Brevet Major Macquarie was present -at the battle of Seedaseer on the 6th of March, 1799, and at the -siege of Seringapatam in April and May following. Brevet Major -Macquarie was afterwards employed on service in Malabar, and on -the 12th of March, 1801, was promoted from the seventy-seventh -to the eighty-sixth regiment. Major Macquarie proceeded with the -eighty-sixth and other regiments ordered to embark from India, -under Major-General David Baird, to join the army in Egypt, and was -present at the siege of Alexandria in August, 1801. In November -following he was promoted to the brevet rank of lieut.-colonel. -He served at home as Assistant Adjutant-General on the London -District Staff, from July, 1803, until March, 1805; and afterwards -in India, with the eighty-sixth regiment in the field in 1805 and -1806. On the 30th of May, 1805, he was appointed lieut.-colonel -in the SEVENTY-THIRD regiment, which corps he returned home to -join in 1807, and in May, 1809, embarked with his regiment for -New South Wales, of which colony, and its dependencies, he was -appointed Governor and Commander-in-Chief. On the 25th July, 1810, -he was advanced to the brevet rank of colonel, was appointed -brigadier-general on the 21st of February, 1811, and promoted -major-general on the 4th of June, 1813. His decease occurred in -July, 1824. - - -_Memoir of the Services of Lieut.-General Sir Maurice Charles -O’Connell, K.C.H., formerly Lieut.-Colonel of the_ SEVENTY-THIRD -_regiment_. - -This officer, after serving with the rank of captain in the -emigrant army under the Duke of Brunswick in the campaign of 1792, -entered the British army sent to the Continent on the breaking out -of the war in 1793. He was appointed captain in the fourth regiment -of the late Irish brigade on the 1st of October, 1794, and was -placed on half-pay on the 1st of March, 1798, on the reduction of -that regiment; he was appointed captain in the first West India -regiment on the 21st of May, 1800, and joined shortly afterwards -at St. Lucia; Captain O’Connell was appointed major of brigade to -the forces at Surinam in February, 1802, and served in that colony -until its restoration to the Dutch in December of that year, when -he joined his regiment at St. Vincent. In May, 1803, he proceeded -in command of five companies to Grenada, whence he was ordered -with the whole of the regiment to Dominica in 1804. On the 1st of -January, 1805, he received the brevet rank of major. He commanded -the light company at Roseau, in Dominica, when an attack was made -on that capital on the 22nd of February, 1805, by a French force -commanded by General La Grange, and successfully resisted, during -the whole day, repeated attacks made by very superior numbers of -the enemy on the posts occupied by Brevet Major O’Connell, with -the forty-sixth regiment, his own company of the first West India -regiment, and some colonial militia. He had been appointed major -of brigade to the forces at Dominica in February, 1805, and on the -23rd of May following, was appointed major of the fifth West India -regiment. In September he returned to England. For his services in -the defence of Dominica, Major O’Connell received the thanks of the -House of Assembly in that island, and was presented by that body -with a sword, value one hundred guineas; he also received a sword, -value fifty pounds, and a piece of plate, value one hundred pounds, -from the committee of the Patriotic Fund at Lloyd’s. On the 15th of -October, 1806, Major O’Connell was appointed to the SEVENTY-THIRD -regiment, in which he was promoted to the rank of Lieut.-Colonel -on the 4th of May, 1809, and was appointed Lieut.-Governor of New -South Wales, where he continued until April, 1814, in which month -he embarked in command of the first battalion of the SEVENTY-THIRD -regiment for Ceylon. In January, 1815, Lieut.-Colonel O’Connell -marched in command of a division of the army under Lieut.-General -Robert Brownrigg into the territories of the King of Candy, the -conquest of which was achieved in forty days, and crowned by -the capture of the reigning monarch, who was deposed by his own -subjects, and brought a prisoner to Colombo. On the 12th of August, -1819, Lieut.-Colonel O’Connell was promoted to the rank of colonel, -and to that of major-general on the 22nd of July, 1830. In 1838, -Major-General O’Connell was appointed to the command of the troops -in New South Wales, which appointment he held from December of -that year until December, 1847. On the 23rd of November, 1841, Sir -Maurice O’Connell was promoted to the rank of lieut.-general, and -was appointed colonel of the eighty-first regiment on the 6th of -December, 1842, from which he was removed to the eightieth regiment -on the 15th of January, 1844. The decease of Lieut.-General Sir -Maurice Charles O’Connell, K.C.H., occurred at Sydney, in New South -Wales, on the 25th of May, 1848. - - - - - TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE - - Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been - corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within - the text and consultation of external sources. - - Some hyphens in words have been silently removed, some added, - when a predominant preference was found in the original book. - - Except for those changes noted below, all misspellings in the text, - and inconsistent or archaic usage, have been retained. - - Pg x: ‘the military foree’ replaced by ‘the military force’. - Pg xxxii (APPENDIX): The third entry ‘British and Hanoverian ... 73’ - does not exist. The last page of the book is numbered ‘71’. - Pg 12: ‘above eSringapatam’ replaced by ‘above Seringapatam’. - Pg 39: Missing Sidenote for ‘1843’ inserted at the start - of the paragraph ‘During the year 1843 ...’. - Pg 40: Sidenotes for ‘1848’ and ‘1849’ moved down to the next - paragraph. - Pg 59: ‘appointed Govenor’ replaced by ‘appointed Governor’. - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE -SEVENTY-THIRD REGIMENT *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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