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+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #66958 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/66958)
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-The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Last Fight of the Revenge, by
-Walter Raleigh
-
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
-most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
-whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
-of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
-www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you
-will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before
-using this eBook.
-
-Title: The Last Fight of the Revenge
-
-Author: Walter Raleigh
-
-Illustrator: Frank Brangwyn
-
-Contributor: Henry Newbolt
-
-Release Date: December 17, 2021 [eBook #66958]
-
-Language: English
-
-Produced by: deaurider, Charlie Howard, and the Online Distributed
-             Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was
-             produced from images generously made available by The
-             Internet Archive)
-
-*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE LAST FIGHT OF THE
-REVENGE ***
-
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration: “It may be truly said that the commandment of the Sea is
-an abridgement or a quintessence of a universal monarchy.”
-
-  Francis Bacon
-]
-
-
-
-
-THE LAST FIGHT OF THE REVENGE
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  THE LAST FIGHT OF THE
-  REVENGE
-  BY S^r WALTER RALEIGH
-
-  WITH AN INTRODUCTION
-  BY HENRY NEWBOLT,
-  M.A., AND ILLUSTRATIONS
-  BY FRANK
-  BRANGWYN, A.R.A.
-
-  LONDON: GIBBINGS AND
-  COMPANY 1908
-]
-
-
-
-
-CONTENTS
-
-
-  Some Appreciations                                _page_   11
-
-  Introduction                                               15
-
-  Facsimile of original Title Page                           57
-
-  The Last Fight of the Revenge                              61
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-
-
-LIST OF PLATES
-
-
-  1. Queen Elizabeth going on board the Golden Hind
-         (_By kind permission of the Committee of
-         Lloyd’s Register_)                         _page_   19
-
-  2. The Last Fight                                          59
-
-  3. Galleons in Harbour                                     73
-
-  4. Loading the Galleons                                    85
-
-  5. The Galleon Fair                                        97
-
-  6. A Captured Galleon (_From a picture in the
-         possession of Colonel Goff_)                       105
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-
-
-SOME APPRECIATIONS
-
-
-“In the year 1591 was that memorable Fight of an English _Ship_ called
-the _Revenge_, under the command of S^r Richard Greenvill; Memorable (I
-say) even beyond credit, and to the Height of some Heroicall Fable. And
-though it were a Defeat, yet it exceeded a Victory.”
-
-                                                     Sir FRANCIS BACON
-
-[Illustration]
-
-“S^r Richard Greenfield got eternall honour and reputation of great
-valour, and of a experimented Souldier, chusing rather to sacrifice
-his life, and to passe all danger whatsoever, then to fayle in his
-Obligation.... And rather we ought to imbrace an honourable death then
-to live with infamie and dishonour, by fayling in dutie.”
-
-                                                   Sir RICHARD HAWKINS
-
-[Illustration]
-
-“Than this what have we more! What can be greater!”
-
-                                                           JOHN EVELYN
-
-[Illustration]
-
-“Struck a deeper terror, though it was but the action of a ship, into
-the hearts of the Spanish people; it dealt a more deadly blow upon
-their fame and moral strength than the destruction of the Armada
-itself.”
-
-                                                          J. A. FROUDE
-
-[Illustration]
-
-“Perhaps in all naval history there never was a more gallant fight than
-that of the Revenge off the Western Isles.”
-
-                                                       PROFESSOR ARBER
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-  And the sun went down, and the stars came out far over
-      the summer sea,
-  But never a moment ceased the fight of the one and the
-      fifty-three.
-  Ship after ship, the whole night long, their high-built
-      galleons came,
-  Ship after ship, the whole night long, with her battle-thunder
-      and flame;
-  Ship after ship, the whole night long, drew back with her
-      dead and her shame.
-  For some were sunk and many were shatter’d, and so could
-      fight us no more--
-  God of battles, was ever a battle like this in the world
-      before?
-
-                     _Tennyson, “The Revenge: A Ballad of the Fleet.”_
-
-    _By permission of Messrs Macmillan & Co., Ltd, the owners of
-    the copyright._
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-
-
-INTRODUCTION
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-Which is the greatest name upon the roll of English ships? Which is the
-most sure of a lasting and effectual renown? There was a day when all
-England would have given but one answer. If you ask the Elizabethan of
-1580, you will find him very positive upon the point, and not a little
-exalted. Drawn round the world by the Divine
-
-[Illustration]
-
-Hand, under the Northern and Southern Pole stars, victor over a
-hundred enemies, ballasted with royal treasure, & steered by the
-captured charts of Spanish Admirals, the little ship that sailed as
-the _Pelican_, comes home again as the _Golden Hind_. She brings her
-fabulous booty and her still more fabulous romance from Plymouth Sound
-to Deptford, and then and there the great names of the past--the
-_Christophers_, the _Great Harrys_, the _Dragons_ and the _Swans_--are
-all finally eclipsed. Drake, kneeling upon her deck, receives his
-knighthood from the hand of Gloriana, and the _Golden Hind_ herself,
-bidding farewell for ever to wind and wave, is laid up as a national
-monument--“consecrated to perpetuall Memory.”
-
-[Illustration: QUEEN ELIZABETH GOING ON BOARD THE GOLDEN HIND]
-
-[Illustration]
-
-She is remembered still, but it is hardly for her own sake; her
-story is a part of Drake’s, and not the greatest part. Question your
-Elizabethan again some ten years later, and hers is no longer the name
-that he will give you; he will speak of things that are even nearer
-to his heart, and to ours; for though an Englishman will always, I
-suppose, lick his lips over a tale of treasure, it is the fighting
-and not the plunder that he is really fitted to enjoy, and in his
-imagination even the jewels of the _Golden Hind_ will shine with a less
-bright and steady glow than the battle-lanterns of the _Revenge_.
-
-The _Revenge_ is a part of no man; she saw many captains and more
-triumphs than one. She had a personality, as great ships always have;
-she had a career, a life of her own. She has a life after death; not
-only a posterity but a true survival.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-She may be said, in no merely figurative sense, to be on active service
-still. If the day ever comes when she no longer helps to keep the sea
-for us, it can only be when Time shall have paid off the British Navy.
-
-The last of her successes is more freshly remembered by our friends
-than by ourselves. A neighbouring potentate, whom pride in his English
-descent had exhilarated to a pitch of splendid audacity worthy of an
-Elizabethan, challenged us by a telegram encouraging a vassal State to
-throw off the suzerainty of the Queen. If the message meant anything,
-it was a promise of armed support; but the promise had none of the
-Elizabethan hardihood to back it, and proved bankrupt as soon as the
-Flying Squadron put to
-
-[Illustration]
-
-sea. It was not that this force was unknown, or suddenly created;
-the ships had long been on the Navy List, their names, guns, tonnage
-and complement all as familiar to the German Kaiser as to the rest
-of the world. But there was a sense abroad of something more than
-brute strength: a memory of great traditions, of inherited skill, of
-undaunted and indomitable tenacity. When on that January 15, 1896, the
-English Admiral hoisted his flag in the _Revenge_, and Her Majesty’s
-Marines marched on board under the command of Captain Drake, the enemy
-disappeared from the seas, and we made haste to forget another naval
-victory.
-
-The lesson, we may hope, remains; this was not a triumph of physical
-force. The challenger’s nerve, and not his ships, failed him; he feared
-his
-
-[Illustration]
-
-own destruction more than he desired ours. In an age even more
-materially minded, if possible, than those which went before it, we are
-increasingly diligent to measure our armour and our guns, to reckon up
-our horse-power and the number of our hits at target practice. It is
-not for any man to blame us; we should be wrong if we neglected these
-things, but we should be still more wrong if we forgot for a moment
-that there were years in our history when it was not we but our enemies
-who had the advantage of armament, and that whether by combination or
-otherwise, such a time may come upon us again. Build as we will, we
-cannot secure ourselves against it for ever; but we can forestall it by
-facing it with the remembrance of the past. It was by moral superiority
-that the
-
-[Illustration]
-
-Elizabethans came through their trial. The Spaniards were contending
-to maintain their hold upon the wealth of the world, and they fought
-as men will fight in such a cause--courageously, but not desperately;
-the English fought as, at sea, they must always be fighting, for
-national existence, and they took care--it was a great part of their
-strength--to leave their enemies in no doubt that they meant in every
-engagement to make the affair fatal to one side or the other. This is a
-policy which we did not follow in the latest of our wars; we may have
-been justified, we had our reasons, and we paid the full price; but
-on the day when we abandon it upon the sea, we shall have thrown away
-our only sure defence and our deadliest weapon. Men and nations are
-never so nearly invincible and never half so terrible as when they are
-armed with contempt of death; and that such an ardent temper can defy,
-discourage and destroy mere bulk or numbers, “even beyond credit and to
-the Height of some Heroicall Fable”--this is the meaning of the last
-fight of the _Revenge_.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-II
-
-It was in 1577, the year in which the _Golden Hind_ sailed from
-Plymouth on her ever-memorable voyage, that the _Revenge_ first
-took the water. Probably, says Arber (but I cannot find upon what
-authority), she was built at Chatham by Sir John Hawkins. According to
-Sir John Laughton she was launched at Deptford. Ships
-
-[Illustration]
-
-are the children of predestination, as every sailor knows: from the
-moment when they leave the slips they are either lucky or unlucky.
-In the opinion of the younger Hawkins the _Revenge_ “was ever the
-unfortunatest Ship the late Queene’s Majestie had during her Raigne.”
-He supports this view by a list of hairbreadth escapes, which might as
-easily be quoted to prove her the especial care of Providence, many
-times miraculously preserved to be the scourge and dishonour of the
-Queen’s enemies. First, says Sir Richard, “Comming out of Ireland with
-Sir John Parrot, she was like to be [but was not] cast away upon the
-Kentish coast.” Then, in 1586, “in the Voyage of Sir John Hawkins, she
-struck aground coming into Plimouth, before her going
-
-[Illustration]
-
-to Sea”; but to sea she went nevertheless. Upon the coast of Spain
-she was “readie to sinke with a great Leake,” and (though she did not
-sink) “at her return into the harbour of Plimouth, she beat upon Winter
-Stone”--again without fatality. She escaped a still greater danger
-when, soon after, she twice ran aground in going out of Portsmouth
-Haven, lay twenty-two hours beating upon the shore, and was forced off
-with eight feet of water in her, only to ground again “upon the Oose,”
-where she stuck for six months, until the following spring, testifying
-to the skill of those who built and the clumsiness of those who sailed
-her. Being at last got off and brought round into the Thames to be
-docked, “her old Leake breaking upon her, had like to
-
-[Illustration]
-
-have drowned all those which were in her.” Neither then, however, nor
-in any of her mishaps, does she appear to have actually drowned anyone,
-not even when, in 1591, “with a storme of wind and weather, riding at
-her moorings in the river of Rochester, nothing but her bare Masts
-overhead, shee was turned topse-turvie, her Kele uppermost.” One might
-have thought that this final proof of her indestructibility would
-convince her detractor. Drake, at any rate, knew a good sea-boat when
-he saw one, for he chose her for his flagship when he sailed against
-the Armada as Vice-Admiral, and the Calendar of State Papers contains,
-under the date of November, 1588, a “Device of Lord Admiral Howard,
-Sir F. Drake, Sir W. Wynter, Sir John Hawkyns, Capt. Wm. Borough and
-others, for the construction of four new ships to be built on the
-
-[Illustration]
-
-model of the _Revenge_, but exceeding her in burthen.” (She was but of
-500 tons herself, and carried at most 260 men and forty guns.) To this
-evidence we may add the statement of a Spanish prisoner, bearing the
-delightful name of Gonsalo Gonsalez del Castillo, who writes in 1592
-that in England “they have been much pained by the loss of one of the
-Queen’s galleons, called the _Revenge_; they say she was the best ship
-the Queen had, and the one in which they had the most confidence for
-her defence.”
-
-Such was the _Revenge_, and, if she had her share of misfortune she
-had also her full share of prosperous service. She bore Drake’s flag
-as Vice-Admiral from January 3, 1588. On May 23, at the head of sixty
-sail, she escorted the Lord Admiral Howard into Plymouth; then, till
-July 12,
-
-[Illustration]
-
-she watched and longed for the “felicisima Armada.” On Saturday
-the 20th, while the enemy crept up Channel in heavy rain, and the wind
-fell lighter and lighter, she tacked and tacked her way out painfully
-through a night of deadly anxiety. She had her reward. On Sunday,
-“conspicuous with an extravagant pennant and a banner on her mizzen,
-and fighting almost at grappling distance,” she battered Don Juan
-Martinez de Recalde in the _Santa Anna_. Towards evening the Admirals
-held Council on board her; when night fell her lantern led the fleet,
-until Drake, finding himself among strange sail, extinguished it and
-lay by for daylight. Howard and the rest went after the Spanish lights,
-and when dawn came the _Revenge_ found herself alone,
-
-[Illustration]
-
-and drifting within a few cables of the huge _Nuestra Señora del
-Rosario_, flagship of Don Pedro de Valdes, Captain-General of
-the Andalusian Squadron and one of Sidonia’s best officers. The
-Captain-General was “spoiled of his mast the day before,” and had
-smashed his bowsprit in collision; but he tried to stand out for
-conditions of surrender. The Vice-Admiral replied that he was Drake,
-and had no time to parley. That ended the matter; the galleon went into
-Dartmouth “under the conduction of the _Roebuck_” and the _Revenge_
-“bare with the Lord Admiral, and recovered his Lordship that night,
-being Monday.” Aboard of her went poor Don Pedro and forty of his
-officers; also their cash, to the tune of fifty thousand ducats.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-On Tuesday the 23rd, the prisoners, or those of them who were allowed
-on deck, witnessed the battle off the Isle of Wight, the failure of the
-galleasses with their countless oars, and the rescue of the _Triumph_,
-in which our first _Victory_ and our first _Dreadnought_ distinguished
-themselves. They saw, too, in the bird-like line-ahead flights of the
-_Revenge_ and her consorts, their quick concentrations and dispersals,
-what Mr Julian Corbett has described as “the first dawn of those modern
-tactics which Blake and Monk were to develop and Nelson to perfect.” By
-the end of the day they were probably all deaf; the unknown eyewitness
-who wrote the _Relation of Proceedings_ for Howard, declares that
-“there was never seen a more terrible value of great shot, nor more hot
-fight than this was; for although the musketeers
-
-[Illustration]
-
-and harquebusiers of crock were then infinite, yet could they not be
-discerned nor heard for that the great ordnance came so thick that a
-man would have judged it to have been a hot skirmish of small shot,
-being all the fight long within half musket shot of the enemy.”
-
-On the 24th fresh ammunition arrived, and the fleet was divided into
-four squadrons, of which _Revenge_ was to lead the second.
-
-On Thursday the 25th, in a calm, the galleasses ventured again and were
-finally knocked out of the fight. For the next two days “the Spaniards
-went always before the English Army like sheep” until on Saturday
-evening they suddenly came to an anchor off Calais.
-
-On the night of Sunday the 28th, the Lord Admiral “caused eight ships
-to be fired and let drive amongst the Spanish fleet; whereupon they
-were forced to let slip or cut cables at half and to set sail.” When
-day came, Howard stopped to take a prize, and it was the _Revenge_
-who led the last great chase northwards, pounding Sidonia himself in
-the huge _San Martin_, sinking, scattering and driving ashore his
-followers. “It was the hour,” says Mr Corbett, “for which Francis Drake
-had been born.” But glorious as it was, it was not yet the hour for
-which the _Revenge_ had been built.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-III
-
-Drake was beyond doubt the greatest man who ever set foot in the
-_Revenge_, but it was not for him, or any like him, to sail her to the
-fulfilment of her unparalleled destiny. The imagination of two great
-peoples has made of him an almost supernatural hero, a gigantic figure
-of romance; but in spite of his inexhaustible courage,
-
-[Illustration]
-
-his dazzling fortune, and the touch of extravagance which he caught
-from the spirit of his time, he was neither a Don Quixote nor a Prince
-Fortunate of mere adventures. For him there was nothing that could not
-be dared, but it must be dared with method and for an end in view;
-for him wisdom could never be “wisdom in the scorn of consequence.”
-Setting aside their natural bravery and the fashion of the day, there
-was little in common between this heroic prototype of the modern
-Englishman, and Sir Richard Grenville, the inheritor of a temperament
-which has long been practically extinct among us, and was even then the
-characteristic of a dwindling
-
-[Illustration]
-
-class. The men of courage without discipline, of enthusiasm without
-reason, of will without science--a type of arrested development
-surviving from the days beyond the Renaissance--fell with the Stuart
-Kings and were finally buried with the rebels of the ’45. It is easy to
-say that they were of no use, these turbulent, insensate, self-willed
-children of aristocracy; at the least they added colour and vivacity
-to life, and these are something; now and again they had their great
-moments, when folly touched the height of tragedy, and left a true
-inspiration for those who are not too sober or too senile to receive it.
-
-Men have always liked to think of definite characteristics as the
-hereditary possession of certain families--often, no doubt, without
-much justification, but surely not altogether so in the
-
-[Illustration]
-
-case of the Grenvilles. Reading their records without any preconceived
-belief, we cannot but hear one note ringing out again & again through
-at least three centuries and a half. We hear Sir Richard’s grandson,
-Sir Bevil--it goes without saying that he was a Cavalier--swearing “to
-fetch those traitors out of their nest at Launceston, or fire them in
-it.” We see him, “after solemn prayers,” charging furiously “both down
-the one hill and up the other” at Bradock Down; or again dying on the
-brow of Lansdowne Hill, after he had stormed it in the face of cannon,
-“small shot from the breastworks” and “two full charges from the
-enemy’s horse.”
-
-His brother, another Sir Richard, was a Cavalier, too, and a Grenville
-to the backbone; hated by his men for his iron discipline--“no doubt,”
-
-[Illustration]
-
-says Clarendon, “the man had behaved himself with great pride and
-tyranny over them”--he was even more intolerable to his superiors; he
-flatly refused to act under Hopton, and drove the Prince of Wales to
-imprison him in despair. A more attractive, but still characteristic,
-member of the family was Bevil’s son, Denis, Archdeacon of Durham,
-whom we find, after James II had already fled the kingdom, preaching
-in the midst of his enemies “a seasonable loyall Sermon”; collecting
-a war fund from the prebendaries for his fallen sovereign; bolting
-to Scotland on horseback; captured, but escaping to France; coming
-back incognito and escaping again. Ardent Jacobite and equally ardent
-Protestant, he defied the Court at St Germain to convert him to
-Romanism, and when they would
-
-[Illustration]
-
-not allow him to read the English Service, consoled himself by
-publishing at Rouen a manifesto with the exquisite title of “The
-Resigned and Resolved Christian and Faithful and Undaunted Royalist in
-two plain farewell Sermons and a loyal farewell Visitation Speech.”
-
-It must be admitted that even so late as the eighteenth century--the
-Venerable Denis lived till 1703--these gentlemen were the opposite
-of tame; even when they were “Resigned” they were at the same
-time “Resolved” and “Undaunted.” This is even more true of their
-fourteenth-century ancestor, Sir Theobald, the first Grenville of
-whom I have found anything essential to relate. He, at the age of
-twenty-two, thought fit to rebel against the paternal despotism of John
-Grandison, Bishop of Exeter, who had
-
-[Illustration]
-
-instituted a nominee of Sir John Raleigh’s to the Grenville family
-living of Kilkhampton, in defiance, it would appear, of the lawful
-patron’s rights. Sir Theobald made war at once in the best Grenville
-manner. At dawn on Sunday, March 24, 1347, he invaded the Manor of
-Bishop’s Tawton with 500 followers “armed with divers kinds of weapons,
-offensive and defensive, after the fashion of men going to mortal war.”
-They stormed the Manor-house, the Sanctuary and the Manse; killed
-some of the defenders, took plunder to the value of two hundred marks
-(the Bishop’s estimate) and otherwise “multipliciter perturbarunt
-pacem et tranquillitatem Domini nostri Regis.” The Bishop’s peace and
-tranquillity being also disturbed, he at once excommunicated the entire
-army. Sir Theobald
-
-[Illustration]
-
-then brought and won an action against Raleigh in the King’s Bench;
-the Bishop’s man appealed to Rome, with the inevitable result; the
-King’s Bench judgement was annulled, with costs against Sir Theobald.
-Cheered by this, the Bishop sent the Abbot of Hartland and the Prior of
-Launceston to Kilkhampton one fine July day to put things to rights.
-The Grenville army, with faces masked and painted, bows bent and
-arrows notched, met the Church Militant in a narrow lane and routed
-it shamefully; the pursuit lasted for a mile, and Sir Theobald then
-fortified and held Kilkhampton Church for several days. After eighteen
-months more of contumacy, peace was made; from the terms we may judge
-how hard the Grenville had pressed his tremendous adversary. He knelt,
-it is true, and confessed his guilt--there
-
-[Illustration]
-
-there was no denying that--but the Bishop, in return for this
-preservation of his dignity, had to revoke his own institution and
-admit a new rector upon Sir Theobald’s presentation; Raleigh got
-nothing but the barren pleasure of reading aloud the Act of Submission.
-The significant points of the story are to me, first, that this boy of
-twenty-two gained his end in the teeth of all Rome; second, that to
-gain it he cared not what he did or suffered; and last, that it was
-never worth the money or the crimes it cost him.
-
-It is vain, I think, to deny that in such a family group as this, Sir
-Richard Grenville of the _Revenge_ would be in every sense at home. His
-record is plain. In 1585, when Raleigh’s first colony for Virginia set
-out from Plymouth in seven ships, it was Sir Richard who took command
-of it,
-
-[Illustration]
-
-though he knew little of seamanship, and still less, apparently, of
-government. Letters from Lane, the head of the colony, to Secretary
-Walsingham, and dispatches from the treasurer to Raleigh himself, set
-forth Grenville’s “intolerable pride” and his “insatiable ambition.”
-His behaviour to his subordinates was such that they desire to be freed
-from any place where he is to carry any authority in chief. But what an
-irresistible fighter he is! On the homeward voyage he falls in with “a
-Spanish ship of 300 tunne, richly loaden”; having no boats, he boards
-her with an improvised one, “made with boards of chests, which fell a
-sunder, and sunke at the shippes side as soone as ever he and his men
-were out of it.” He reached
-
-[Illustration]
-
-home at the end of October, and was off again in the following April,
-when the Justices of Cornwall report to the Council, Sir Richard having
-evidently neglected to do so, that, “being about to depart to sea, he
-has left his charge of 300 men to George Greynvil.” On this voyage he
-sacked the Azores, took “divers Spanyardes” and performed “many other
-exploytes,” but he reached Virginia too late to be of any service to
-the colony, which had already left for England. Then came the business
-of the Armada, in which he had at least three ships of his own engaged,
-though he got little chance of distinguishing himself in his station
-off the coast of Devon and Cornwall. His next voyage was that in the
-_Revenge_: and here again, in the one memorable action of his life, we
-cannot but see the working of the peculiar character which is visible
-in all the rest.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-“This Sir Richard Greenfield was a great and a rich Gentleman in
-England,” says a contemporary, the Dutchman Linschoten, “and had great
-yearly revenewes of his owne inheritance: but he was a man very unquiet
-in his minde, and greatly affected to warre: in so much as of his owne
-private motion he offered his service to the Queene: he had performed
-many valiant acts, and was greatly feared in these Islands [i.e., the
-Azores], and knowne of every man, but of nature very severe, so that
-his owne people hated him for his fiercenes and spake verie hardly of
-him: for when they first entered into the Fleete or Armado, they had
-their great sayle in a readinesse, and might possiblie enough have
-sayled
-
-[Illustration]
-
-away: for it [i.e., the _Revenge_] was one of the best ships for sayle
-in England, and the Master perceiving that the other shippes had left
-them, and followed not after, commanded the great sayle to be cut, that
-they might make away: but Sir Richard Greenfield threatened both him,
-and all the rest that were in the ship, that if any man laid hand upon
-it, he would cause him to be hanged, and so by that occasion they were
-compelled to fight, and in the end were taken.”
-
-Sir William Monson, another contemporary, has left behind him a similar
-account, first printed in 1682. “Upon view of the Spaniards, which were
-55 sail, the Lord Thomas warily, and like a discreet General, weighed
-Anchor, and made
-
-[Illustration]
-
-signs to the rest of his Fleet to do the like, with a purpose to get
-the wind of them: but Sir Richard Grenvile, being a stubborn man, ...
-would by no means be persuaded by his Master, or Company, to cut his
-main Sail, to follow the Admiral: nay, so headstrong and rash he was,
-that he offered violence to those that counselled him thereto.”
-
-Sir Walter Raleigh, Grenville’s kinsman, friend and apologist, tells
-substantially the same story, but he endeavours to throw a different
-complexion upon it, by representing Sir Richard as being in the first
-instance trapped in the fulfilment of a duty. He declares that the
-_Revenge_ “was the last waied, to recover the men that were upon the
-Island, which otherwise had been
-
-[Illustration]
-
-lost.” Unfortunately, this contention is negatived by the numbers of
-the men captured in her; and, indeed, he goes on to say that Grenville
-afterwards “utterly refused to turn from the enemy” and boasted that he
-would “enforce those of Sivill to give him way.” Sir Richard Hawkins is
-more whole-hearted. “At the Ile of Flores, Sir Richard Greenfield got
-eternall honour and reputation of great valour, and of an experimented
-Soldier, chusing rather to sacrifice his life, and to passe all danger
-whatsoever, than to fayle in his Obligation, by gathering together
-those which had remained ashore in that place, though with the hazard
-of his ship and companie: and rather we ought to imbrace an honourable
-death than to live with infamie and dishonour, by fayling in dutie.”
-
-[Illustration]
-
-No man would have been quicker to lay down such a principle than
-Grenville, but it is clear that on this occasion he did not observe
-it, and to maintain that he did so would be to mistake the nature of
-the man. He was no quiet resolute victim of duty: his stubbornness
-was not that of faithful endurance. If the evidence we have quoted
-goes for anything he was then, as ever, proud, rash, headstrong and
-tyrannical, and he remained true to himself even in his famous dying
-speech, which has been garbled by every translator for 300 years. “Here
-die I, Richard Greenfield, with a joyfull and quiet mind, for that I
-have ended my life as a true soldier ought to do, that hath fought
-for his country, Queene, religion, and honor, whereby my soule most
-joyfull departeth out of this bodie, and shall alwaies leave behind
-it an everlasting fame of a valiant and true soldier, that hath done
-his dutie, as he was bound to do.” So it has always run; it was not
-until 1897 that Mr David Hannay first translated and replaced the
-fierce concluding sentence: “But the others of my company have done as
-traitors and dogs, for which they shall be reproached all their lives
-and leave a shameful name for ever.” That, to my ear, is the authentic
-voice of the Grenville.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-IV
-
-Is this a condemnation? Is Sir Richard Grenville of the _Revenge_,
-after three centuries of fame, to be summed up as a ferocious and
-domineering fire-eater, hateful to his subordinates and disobedient to
-his chief? I do not think so. It is true that we cannot look to him for
-an example of what a seaman should be, or what an officer should do,
-but he is none the less a beacon to all Englishmen, because he was a
-great fighter and above the fear of death. To breathe the inspiration
-of his genius, it is not necessary to tamper with the record of his
-character; we have but to look at him as he was, with open eyes,
-to think what we will of his faults, and then to turn once more to
-the story of his superb valour and his supreme achievement. Beyond
-question, he and all his company are among the Immortals.
-
-  Heroes of old! We humbly lay
-    The laurels on your graves again;
-  Whatever men have done, men may--
-    The deeds you wrought are not in vain.[A]
-
-  HENRY NEWBOLT
-
-    [A] Austin Dobson, _A Ballad of Heroes_.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration:
-
-  A REPORT
-  OF THE TRVTH OF
-  _the fight about the Iles of_
-  Açores, this last
-  Sommer.
-
-  BETWIXT THE
-
-  _Reuenge, one of her Maiesties_
-  Shippes,
-
-  _And an Armada of the King_
-  of Spaine.
-
-
-  LONDON
-  Printed for william Ponsonbie.
-  1591.
-]
-
-[Illustration: THE LAST FIGHT]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-Because the rumours are diversely spread, as well in England as in
-the Low Countries and elsewhere, of this late encounter between her
-Majesty’s ships and the Armada of Spain; and that the Spaniards,
-according to their usual manner, fill the world with their vainglorious
-
-[Illustration]
-
-vaunts, making great appearance of victories: when, on the contrary,
-themselves are most commonly and shamefully beaten and dishonoured;
-thereby hoping to possess the ignorant multitude by anticipating and
-forerunning false reports. It is agreeable with all good reason, for
-manifestation of the truth, to overcome falsehood and untruth; that the
-beginning, continuance and success of this late honourable encounter
-of Sir Richard Grenville, and other her Majesty’s Captains, with
-the Armada of Spain, should be truly set down and published without
-partiality or false imaginations.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-And it is no marvel that the Spaniard should seek, by false and
-slanderous pamphlets, advices and letters, to cover their own loss, and
-to derogate from others their due honours, especially in this fight
-being performed far off; seeing they were not ashamed in the year 1588,
-when they purposed the invasion of this land, to publish in sundry
-languages in print, great victories in words, which they pleaded to
-have obtained against this Realm, and spread the same in a most false
-sort over all parts of France, Italy and elsewhere. When shortly after
-it was happily manifested in very deed to all nations, how their
-
-[Illustration]
-
-Navy, which they termed invincible, consisting of 240 sail of ships,
-not only of their own kingdom, but strengthened with the greatest
-argosies, Portugal caracks, Florentines and huge hulks of other
-countries, were, by thirty of her Majesty’s own ships of war and a
-few of our own merchants, by the wise, valiant and most advantageous
-conduction of the Lord Charles Howard, High Admiral of England, beaten
-and shuffled together, even from the Lizard in Cornwall, first to
-Portland, where they shamefully left Don Pedro de Valdes with his
-mighty ship; from Portland to Calais, where they lost Hugo de Moncado
-with
-
-[Illustration]
-
-the galleass of which he was captain; and from Calais, driven with
-squibs from their anchors, were chased out of the sight of England,
-round about Scotland and Ireland. Where for the sympathy of their
-barbarous religion, hoping to find succour and assistance, a great part
-of them were crushed against the rocks, and those other that landed,
-being very many in number, were, notwithstanding, broken, slain and
-taken, and so sent from village to village coupled in halters to be
-shipped into England. Where Her Majesty of her princely and invincible
-disposition, disdaining to
-
-[Illustration]
-
-put them to death, and scorning either to retain or entertain them,
-[they] were all sent back again to their countries, to witness and
-recount the worthy achievements of their invincible and dreadful Navy.
-Of which the number of soldiers, the fearful burthen of their ships,
-the commanders names of every squadron, with all other their magazines
-of provision, were put in print as an Army and Navy unresistible,
-and disdaining prevention. With all which so great and terrible an
-ostentation, they did not in all their sailing round about England, so
-much as sink or take
-
-[Illustration]
-
-one ship, barque, pinnace, or cockboat of ours: or ever burnt so much
-as one sheepcote of this land. When as on the contrary, Sir Francis
-Drake, with only 800 soldiers, not long before, landed in their Indies,
-and forced Santiago, Santo Domingo, Cartagena, and the forts of Florida.
-
-And after that, Sir John Norris marched from Penich in Portugal, with a
-handful of soldiers, to the gates of Lisbon, being about forty English
-miles, where the Earl of Essex himself and other valiant gentlemen
-braved the city of Lisbon, encamped
-
-[Illustration]
-
-at the very gates; from whence, after many days’ abode, finding neither
-promised party, nor provision to batter: made retreat by land, in
-despite of all their garrisons, both of horse and foot. In this sort I
-have a little digressed from my first purpose, only by the necessary
-comparison of theirs and our actions: the one covetous of honour
-without vaunt or ostentation; the other so greedy to purchase the
-opinion of their own affairs, and by false rumours to resist the blasts
-of their own dishonours, as they will not only not blush to spread all
-manner of untruths: but even for the least advantage, be it but for the
-taking
-
-[Illustration]
-
-of one poor adventurer of the English, will celebrate the victory
-with bonfires in every town, always spending more in faggots, than
-the purchase was worth they obtained. Whereas we never yet thought it
-worth the consumption of two billets, when we have taken eight or ten
-of their Indian ships at one time, and twenty of the Brazil fleet. Such
-is the difference between true valour, and ostentation: and between
-honourable actions, and frivolous vainglorious vaunts. But now to
-return to my first purpose.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-The Lord Thomas Howard, with six of Her Majesty’s ships, six
-victuallers of London, the barque _Ralegh_, and two or three pinnaces
-riding at anchor near unto Flores, one of the westerly islands of the
-Azores, the last of August in the afternoon, had intelligence by one
-Captain Midleton, of the approach of the Spanish Armada. Which Midleton
-being in a very good sailer, had kept them company three days before,
-of good purpose, both to discover their forces the more, as also to
-give advice to my Lord Thomas of their approach. He had no sooner
-delivered the news but the
-
-[Illustration]
-
-fleet was in sight: many of our ship’s companies were on shore in the
-island; some providing ballast for their ships; others filling of water
-and refreshing themselves from the land with such things as they could,
-either for money, or by force recover. By reason whereof our ships
-being all pestered & rummaging every thing out of order, very light for
-want of ballast. And that which was most to our disadvantage, the one
-half part of the men of every ship sick, and utterly unserviceable. For
-in the _Revenge_ there were ninety diseased; in the _Bonaventure_, not
-so many in health as could handle her mainsail. For had not
-
-[Illustration]
-
-twenty men been taken out of a barque of Sir George Cary’s, his being
-commanded to be sunk, and those appointed to her, she had hardly ever
-recovered England. The rest for the most part, were in little better
-state. The names of Her Majesty’s ships were these as followeth:
-the _Defiance_, which was Admiral, the _Revenge_ Vice-Admiral, the
-_Bonaventure_ commanded by Captain Cross, the _Lion_ by George Fenner,
-the _Foresight_ by Thomas Vavasour, and the _Crane_ by Duffield. The
-_Foresight_ and the _Crane_ being but small ships, only the other were
-of the middle size; the rest, besides the barque
-
-[Illustration: GALLEONS IN HARBOUR]
-
-[Illustration]
-
-_Ralegh_, commanded by Captain Thin, were victuallers, and of small
-force or none. The Spanish fleet having shrouded their approach by
-reason of the island, were now so soon at hand, as our ships had scarce
-time to weigh their anchors, but some of them were driven to let slip
-their cables and set sail. Sir Richard Grenville was the last weighed,
-to recover the men that were upon the island, which otherwise had been
-lost. The Lord Thomas with the rest very hardly recovered the wind,
-which Sir Richard Grenville not being able to do, was persuaded by the
-master and others to cut his
-
-[Illustration]
-
-main sail and cast about, and to trust to the sailing of the ship,
-for the squadron of Seville were on his weather bow. But Sir Richard
-utterly refused to turn from the enemy, alleging that he would rather
-choose to die, than to dishonour himself, his country, and Her
-Majesty’s ship, persuading his company that he would pass through the
-two squadrons in despite of them, and enforce those of Seville to give
-him way. Which he performed upon divers of the foremost, who, as the
-mariners term it, sprang their luff, and fell under the lee of the
-_Revenge_. But the other course had been
-
-[Illustration]
-
-the better, and might right well have been answered in so great an
-impossibility of prevailing. Notwithstanding out of the greatness of
-his mind, he could not be persuaded. In the meanwhile as he attended
-those which were nearest him, the great _San Philip_ being in the wind
-of him, and coming towards him, becalmed his sails in such sort, as the
-ship could neither weigh nor feel the helm, so huge and high charged
-was the Spanish ship, being of a thousand and five hundred tons. Who
-after laid the _Revenge_ aboard. When he was thus bereft of his sails,
-the ships that were under his lee luffing up, also laid him aboard, of
-which
-
-[Illustration]
-
-the next was the Admiral of the _Biscaines_, a very mighty and puissant
-ship commanded by Brittan Dona. The said _Philip_ carried three tier of
-ordinance on a side, and eleven pieces in every tier. She shot eight
-forthright out of her chase, besides those of her stern ports.
-
-After the _Revenge_ was entangled with this _Philip_, four others
-boarded her; two on her larboard and two on her starboard. The fight
-thus beginning at three of the clock in the afternoon, continued very
-terrible all that evening. But the great _San Philip_ having received
-the lower tier of the _Revenge_, discharged with cross-bar shot,
-
-[Illustration]
-
-shifted herself with all diligence from her sides, utterly misliking
-her first entertainment. Some say that the ship foundered, but we
-cannot report it for truth, unless we were assured. The Spanish ships
-were filled with companies of soldiers, in some two hundred, besides
-the mariners; in some five, in others eight hundred. In ours there were
-none at all, beside the mariners, but the servants of the commanders
-and some few voluntary gentlemen only. After many interchanged volleys
-of great ordnance and
-
-[Illustration]
-
-small shot, the Spaniards deliberated to enter the _Revenge_, and made
-divers attempts, hoping to force her by the multitudes of their armed
-soldiers and musketeers, but were still repulsed again and again, and
-at all times beaten back into their own ships, or into the seas. In the
-beginning of the fight the _George Noble_, of London, having received
-some shot through her by the _Armadas_, fell under the lee of the
-_Revenge_, and asked Sir Richard what he would command him, being but
-one of the victuallers and of small force; Sir Richard bid him save
-himself, and leave him to his fortune.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-After the fight had thus, without intermission, continued while the
-day lasted and some hours of the night, many of our men were slain
-and hurt, and one of the great galleons of the Armada and the Admiral
-of the Hulks both sunk, and in many other of the Spanish ships great
-slaughter was made. Some write that Sir Richard was very dangerously
-hurt almost in the beginning of the fight, and lay speechless for a
-time ere he recovered. But two of the _Revenge’s_ own company, brought
-home in a ship of Lime from the Islands, examined by
-
-[Illustration]
-
-some of the Lords and others, affirmed that he was never so wounded
-as that he forsook the upper deck till an hour before midnight, and
-then being shot into the body with a musket as he was dressing, was
-again shot into the head, and withal his surgeon wounded to death. This
-agrees also with an examination taken by Sir Francis Godolphin, of four
-other mariners of the same ship being returned, which examination the
-said Sir Francis sent unto Master William Killigrew, of Her Majesty’s
-Privy Chamber.
-
-But to return to the fight, the Spanish ships which attempted to board
-the _Revenge_, as
-
-[Illustration]
-
-they were wounded and beaten off, so always others came in their
-places, she having never less than two mighty galleons by her sides and
-aboard her. So that ere the morning from three of the clock the day
-before, there had fifteen several Armadas assailed her, and all so ill
-approved their entertainment, as they were by the break of day, far
-more willing to hearken to a composition, than hastily to make any more
-assaults or entries. But as the day increased so our men decreased; and
-as the light grew more and more, by so much more grew our discomforts.
-For none appeared in
-
-[Illustration]
-
-sight but enemies, saving one small ship called the _Pilgrim_,
-commanded by Jacob Whiddon, who hovered all night to see the success:
-but in the morning bearing with the _Revenge_, was hunted like a hare
-amongst many ravenous hounds, but escaped.
-
-All the powder of the _Revenge_ to the last barrel was now spent, all
-her pikes broken, forty of her best men slain, and the most part of
-the rest hurt. In the beginning of the fight she had but one hundred
-free from sickness, and fourscore and ten sick, laid in hold upon the
-ballast. A small troop
-
-[Illustration: LOADING THE GALLEONS]
-
-[Illustration]
-
-to man such a ship, and a weak garrison to resist so mighty an army. By
-those hundred all was sustained, the volleys, boardings, and enterings
-of fifteen ships of war, besides those which beat her at large. On the
-contrary, the Spanish were always supplied with soldiers brought from
-every squadron: all manner of arms and powder at will. Unto ours there
-remained no comfort at all, no hope, no supply either of ships, men, or
-weapons; the masts all beaten overboard, all her tackle cut asunder,
-her upper work altogether razed, and in effect evened
-
-[Illustration]
-
-she was with the water, but the very foundation or bottom of a ship,
-nothing being left overhead either for flight or defence. Sir Richard
-finding himself in this distress, and unable any longer to make
-resistance, having endured in this fifteen hours’ fight, the assault
-of fifteen several armadas, all by turns aboard him, and by estimation
-eight hundred shot of great artillery, besides many assaults and
-entries. And that himself and the ship must needs be possessed by the
-enemy, who were now all cast in a ring round about him; the _Revenge_
-not able to move one way or other,
-
-[Illustration]
-
-but as she was moved with the waves and billow of the sea: commanded
-the master Gunner, whom he knew to be a most resolute man, to split and
-sink the ship; that thereby nothing might remain of glory or victory
-to the Spaniards: seeing in so many hours’ fight, and with so great a
-Navy they were not able to take her, having had fifteen hours’ time,
-fifteen thousand men, and fifty and three sail of men-of-war to perform
-it withal. And persuaded the company, or as many as he could induce, to
-yield themselves unto God, and to the mercy of none else; but as they
-had like valiant resolute men, repulsed so many
-
-[Illustration]
-
-enemies, they should not now shorten the honour of their nation, by
-prolonging their own lives for a few hours, or a few days. The master
-Gunner readily condescended and divers others; but the Captain and the
-Master were of an other opinion, and besought Sir Richard to have care
-of them, alleging that the Spaniard would be as ready to entertain a
-composition, as they were willing to offer the same: and that there
-being divers sufficient and valiant men yet living, and whose wounds
-were not mortal, they might do their country and prince acceptable
-service hereafter. And (that where Sir Richard had alleged
-
-[Illustration]
-
-that the Spaniards should never glory to have taken one ship of Her
-Majesty’s, seeing that they had so long and so notably defended
-themselves) they answered, that the ship had six foot water in hold,
-three shot under water which were so weakly stopped, as with the first
-working of the sea, she must needs sink, and was besides so crushed and
-bruised, as she could never be removed out of the place.
-
-And as the matter was thus in dispute, and Sir Richard refusing to
-hearken to any of those reasons: the master of the _Revenge_ (while the
-Captain won unto him the greater
-
-[Illustration]
-
-party) was convoyed aboard the General Don Alfonso Bassan. Who, finding
-none over-hasty to enter the _Revenge_ again, doubting lest Sir Richard
-would have blown them up and himself, and perceiving by the report of
-the master of the _Revenge_ his dangerous disposition: yielded that
-all their lives should be saved, the company sent for England, and the
-better sort to pay such reasonable ransom as their estate would bear,
-and in the mean season to be free from galley or imprisonment. To this
-he so much the rather condescended as well as I have said, for fear of
-further loss and mischief to themselves, as also for the desire he had
-to recover Sir Richard Grenville; whom for his notable valour he seemed
-greatly to honour and admire.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-When this answer was returned, and that safety of life was promised,
-the common sort being now at the end of their peril, the most drew
-back from Sir Richard and the master Gunner, being no hard matter to
-dissuade men from death to life. The master Gunner finding himself and
-Sir Richard thus prevented and mastered by the greater number, would
-have slain himself with a sword, had he not been by force withheld and
-locked into his cabin. Then
-
-[Illustration]
-
-the General sent many boats aboard the _Revenge_, and divers of our
-men, fearing Sir Richard’s disposition, stole away aboard the General
-and other ships. Sir Richard thus overmatched, was sent unto by Alfonso
-Bassan to remove out of the _Revenge_, the ship being marvellous
-unsavoury, filled with blood and bodies of dead and wounded men like a
-slaughter-house. Sir Richard answered that he might do with his body
-what he list, for he esteemed it not, and as he was carried out of the
-ship he swooned, and reviving again desired the company to pray for
-him. The General used Sir Richard
-
-[Illustration]
-
-with all humanity, and left nothing unattempted that tended to his
-recovery, highly commending his valour and worthiness, and greatly
-bewailed the danger wherein he was, being unto them a rare spectacle,
-and a resolution seldom approved, to see one ship turn toward so many
-enemies, to endure the charge and boarding of so many huge armadas, and
-to resist and repel the assaults and entries of so many soldiers. All
-which and more, is confirmed by a Spanish captain of the same armada,
-and a present actor in the fight, who being severed from the rest in
-a storm, was by the _Lyon_ of London a small ship, taken and is now
-prisoner in London.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-The general commander of the Armada, was Don Alfonso Bassan, brother to
-the Marquesse of Santa Cruce. The Admiral of the _Biscaine_ squadron
-was Britan Dona. Of the squadron of _Seville_, Marques of Arumburch.
-The Hulkes and Flyboats were commanded by Luis Cutino. There were slain
-and drowned in this fight, well near two thousand of the enemies, and
-two especial commanders Don Luis de
-
-[Illustration: THE GALLEON FAIR]
-
-St John, and Don George de Prunaria de Malaga, as the Spanish Captain
-confesseth, besides divers others of special account, whereof as yet
-report is not made.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-The Admiral of the Hulks and the _Ascension_ of _Seville_, were both
-sunk by the side of the _Revenge_; one other recovered the road of
-Saint Michael’s, and sunk also there; a fourth ran herself with the
-shore to save her men. Sir Richard died as it is said, the second or
-third day aboard the General, and was by them greatly bewailed. What
-became of his body, whether
-
-[Illustration]
-
-it were buried in the sea or on the land we know not: the comfort that
-remaineth to his friends is, that he hath ended his life honourably in
-respect of the reputation won to his nation and country, and of the
-fame to his posterity, and that being dead, he hath not outlived his
-own honour.
-
-For the rest of Her Majesty’s ships that entered not so far into the
-fight as the _Revenge_, the reasons and causes were these. There were
-of them but six in all, whereof two but small ships; the _Revenge_
-engaged past recovery: The Island of Flores was on the one side, 53
-sail of the Spanish, divided into squadrons on the
-
-[Illustration]
-
-other, all as full filled with soldiers as they could contain. Almost
-the one half of our men sick and not able to serve: the ships grown
-foul, unrummaged, and scarcely able to bear any sail for want of
-ballast, having been six months at the sea before. If all the rest had
-entered, all had been lost. For the very hugeness of the Spanish fleet,
-if no other violence had been offered, would have crushed them between
-them into shivers. Of which the dishonour and loss to the Queen had
-been far greater than the spoil or harm that the enemy
-
-[Illustration]
-
-could any way have received. Notwithstanding it is very true, that
-the Lord Thomas would have entered between the squadrons, but the
-rest would not condescend; and the master of his own ship offered to
-leap into the sea, rather than to conduct that Her Majesty’s ship
-and the rest to be a prey to the enemy, where there was no hope nor
-possibility either of defence or victory. Which also in my opinion
-had ill sorted or answered the discretion and trust of a General, to
-commit himself and his charge to an assured destruction, without hope
-or any likelihood of prevailing: thereby to diminish the strength of
-Her Majesty’s Navy, and to enrich the pride and glory of the enemy.
-The _Foresight_ of the Queen, commanded by Thomas Vavasour, performed
-a very great fight, and stayed two hours as near the _Revenge_ as the
-weather would permit him, not forsaking the fight, till he was like
-to be encompassed by the squadrons, and with great difficulty cleared
-himself. The rest gave divers volleys of shot, and entered as far as
-the place permitted and their own necessities, to keep the weather
-gauge of the enemy, until they were parted by night.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-
-
-A few days after the fight was ended, and the English prisoners
-dispersed into the Spanish and India ships, there arose so great a
-storm from the west and north-west, that all the fleet was dispersed,
-as well the Indian fleet which were then come unto them
-
-[Illustration: A CAPTURED GALLEON]
-
-[Illustration]
-
-as the rest of the Armada that attended their arrival, of which
-fourteen sail together with the _Revenge_, and in her 200 Spaniards,
-were cast away upon the Isle of S. Michael’s. So it pleased them to
-honour the burial of that renowned ship the _Revenge_, not suffering
-her to perish alone, for the great honour she achieved in her life
-time. On the rest of the islands there were cast away in this storm
-fifteen or sixteen more of the ships of war; and of a hundred and odd
-sail of the India fleet expected this year in Spain, what in this
-tempest and what before in the Bay of
-
-[Illustration]
-
-Mexico, and about the Bermudas, there were seventy and odd consumed and
-lost, with those taken by our ships of London, besides one very rich
-Indian ship, which set herself on fire, being boarded by the _Pilgrim_,
-and five other taken by Master Wats his ships of London, between the
-Havana and Cape S. Antonio. The 4th of this month of November we
-received letters from the Tercera affirming that there are 3,000 bodies
-of men remaining in that island, saved out of the perished ships; and
-that by the Spaniards own confession there are 10,000 cast away in this
-storm, besides those that are perished
-
-[Illustration]
-
-between the islands and the main. Thus it hath pleased God to fight
-for us, and to defend the justice of our cause against the ambitious
-and bloody pretences of the Spaniard, who, seeking to devour all
-nations, are themselves devoured. A manifest testimony how injust and
-displeasing their attempts are in the sight of God, who hath pleased
-to witness by the success of their affairs His mislike of their bloody
-and injurious designs, purposed and practised against all Christian
-princes, over whom they seek unlawful and ungodly rule and Empery.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-One day or two before this wreck happened to the Spanish fleet, when
-as some of our prisoners desired to be set on shore upon the islands,
-hoping to be from thence transported into England, which liberty was
-formerly by the General promised: One Maurice Fitz John, son of old
-John of Desmond a notable traitor, cousin german to the late Earl of
-Desmond, was sent to the English from ship to ship, to persuade them
-to serve the King of Spain. The arguments he used to induce them were
-these. The increase of pay which he promised to be trebled: advancement
-to
-
-[Illustration]
-
-the better sort: and the exercise of the true Catholic religion, and
-safety of their souls to all. For the first, even the beggarly and
-unnatural behaviour of those English and Irish rebels, that served
-the king in that present action, was sufficient to answer that first
-argument of rich pay. For so poor and beggarly they were, as for want
-of apparel they stripped their poor country men prisoners out of their
-ragged garments, worn to nothing by six months’ service, and spared not
-to despoil them even of their bloody shirts, from their wounded bodies,
-and the very shoes from their feet; a notable testimony of their
-
-[Illustration]
-
-rich entertainment and great wages. The second reason was hope of
-advancement if they served well and would continue faithful to the
-king. But what man can be so blockishly ignorant ever to expect place
-or honour from a foreign king, having no argument or persuasion than
-his own disloyalty; to be unnatural to his own country that bred him;
-to his parents that begat him, and rebellious to his true prince, to
-whose obedience he is bound by oath, by nature, and by religion. No,
-they are only assured to be employed in all desperate enterprises, to
-be held in scorn and disdain ever among those whom they serve.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-And that ever traitor was either trusted or advanced I could never yet
-read, neither can I at this time remember any example. And no man could
-have less become the place of an orator for such a purpose than this
-Maurice of Desmond. For the Earl his cousin being one of the greatest
-subjects in that kingdom of Ireland, having almost whole countries in
-his possession, so many goodly manors, castles and lordships; the Count
-Palatine of Kerry, 500 gentlemen of his own name and family to follow
-him, besides others. All which he possessed in peace for three or four
-
-[Illustration]
-
-hundred years, was in less than three years after his adhering to the
-Spaniards and rebellion, beaten from all his holds, not so many as ten
-gentlemen of his name left living, himself taken and beheaded by a
-soldier of his own nation, and his land given by a Parliament to Her
-Majesty and possessed by the English. His other cousin Sir John of
-Desmond taken by Mr. John Zouch, and his body hanged over the gates
-of his native city to be devoured by ravens; the third brother Sir
-James hanged, drawn and quartered in the same place. If he had withall
-vaunted of this success
-
-[Illustration]
-
-of his own house, no doubt the argument would have moved much and
-wrought great effect; which because he for that present forgot, I
-thought it good to remember in his behalf. For matter of religion
-it would require a particular volume if I should set down how
-irreligiously they cover their greedy and ambitious pretences with that
-veil of piety. But sure I am, that there is no kingdom or commonwealth
-in all Europe, but if they be reformed, they then invade it for
-religion sake; if it be as they term Catholic they pretend title, as if
-the Kings of Castile were the natural heirs of all the world; and so
-between both,
-
-[Illustration]
-
-no kingdom is unsought. Where they dare not with their own forces
-to invade, they basely entertain the traitors and vagabonds of all
-nations, seeking by those and by their runagate Jesuits to win parties,
-and have by that means ruined many noble houses and others in this
-land, and have extinguished both their lives and families. What good,
-honour or fortune ever man yet by them achieved is yet unheard of
-or unwritten. And if our English Papists do but look into Portugal,
-against whom they have no pretence of religion, how the nobility are
-put to death, imprisoned, their rich men made a prey, and all sorts of
-people
-
-[Illustration]
-
-captived, they shall find that the obedience even of the Turk is easy
-and a liberty, in respect of the slavery and tyranny of Spain. What
-they have done in Sicily, in Naples, Milan and in the Low Countries;
-who hath there been spared for religion at all? And it cometh to my
-remembrance of a certain burgher of Antwerp, whose house being entered
-by a company of Spanish soldiers, when they first sacked the city, he
-besought them to spare him and his goods, being a good Catholic and one
-of their own party and faction. The Spaniards
-
-[Illustration]
-
-answered that they knew him to be of a good conscience for himself, but
-his money, plate, jewels and goods were all heretical, and therefore
-good prize. So they abused and tormented the foolish Fleming, who hoped
-that an _Agnus Dei_ had been a sufficient target against all force of
-that holy and charitable nation. Neither have they at any time as they
-protest invaded the kingdoms of the Indies and Peru, and elsewhere, but
-only led thereunto, rather, to reduce the people to Christianity, than
-for either gold or empery. When as in one only island called
-
-[Illustration]
-
-Hispaniola, they have wasted thirty hundred thousand of the natural
-people, besides many millions else in other places of the Indies: a
-poor and harmless people created of God, and might have been won to
-His knowledge, as many of them were, and almost as many as ever were
-persuaded thereunto. The story whereof is at large written by a Bishop
-of their own nation called Bartholome de las Casas, and translated into
-English and many other languages, entitled The Spanish Cruelties. Who
-would therefore repose trust in such a nation of ravenous strangers,
-
-[Illustration]
-
-and especially in those Spaniards which more greedily thirst after
-English blood, than after the lives of any other people of Europe; for
-the many overthrows and dishonours they have received at our hands,
-whose weakness we have discovered to the world, and whose forces at
-home, abroad, in Europe, in India, by sea and land, we have even
-with handfuls of men and ships, overthrown and dishonoured. Let not
-therefore any Englishman of what religion soever, have other opinion of
-the Spaniards, but that those whom he seeketh to win of our nation,
-
-[Illustration]
-
-he esteemeth base and traitorous, unworthy persons, or unconstant
-fools: and that he useth his pretence of religion for no other purpose
-but to bewitch us from the obedience of our natural prince; thereby
-hoping in time to bring us to slavery and subjection, and then none
-shall be unto them so odious, and disdained as the traitors themselves,
-who have sold their country to a stranger, and forsaken their faith
-and obedience contrary to nature or religion; and contrary to that
-human and general honour, not only of Christians, but of heathen and
-irreligious nations, who have always sustained what labour soever, and
-embraced even death itself, for their country, prince or commonwealth.
-To conclude, it hath ever to this day pleased God to prosper and defend
-her Majesty, to break the purposes of malicious enemies, of foresworn
-traitors, and of unjust practices and invasions. She hath ever been
-honoured of the worthiest Kings, served by faithful subjects, and
-shall by the favour of God, resist, repel, and confound all whatsoever
-attempts against her sacred person or kingdom. In the meantime, let
-the Spaniard and traitor vaunt of their success; and we her true and
-obedient vassals guided by the shining light of her virtues, shall
-always love her, serve her, and obey her to the end of our lives.
-
-
-FINIS
-
-
-
-
-A PARTICULAR NOTE OF THE INDIAN FLEET, EXPECTED TO HAVE COME INTO SPAIN
-THIS PRESENT YEAR OF 1591, WITH THE NUMBER OF SHIPS THAT PERISHED OF
-THE SAME; ACCORDING TO THE EXAMINATION OF CERTAIN SPANIARDS, LATELY
-TAKEN AND BROUGHT INTO ENGLAND BY THE SHIPS OF LONDON
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-
-
-[Illustration]
-
-
-
-
-The fleet of Nova Hispania, at their first gathering together and
-setting forth, were 52 sails. The Admiral was of 600 tons, and the
-Vice-Admiral of the same burden. Four or five of the ships were of 900
-and 1000 tons a piece, some 500 and 400, and the least of 200 tons.
-Of this fleet 19 were cast away, and in them 2600 men by estimation,
-which was done along the coast of Nova Hispania, so that of the same
-fleet, there came to the Havana, but three and thirty sails.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-The fleet of Terra Firma, were at their first departure from Spain, 50
-sails, which were bound for Nombre de Dios, where they did discharge
-their lading, and thence returned to Cartagena, for their healths sake,
-until the time the treasure was ready they should take in, at the said
-Nombre de Dios. But before this fleet departed, some were gone by one
-or two at a time, so that only 23 sails of this fleet arrived in the
-Havana.
-
-                { 33 sails of Nova Hispania.
-  At the Havana { 23 sails of Terra Firma.
-  there met     { 12 sails of San Domingo.
-                { 9 sails of Hunduras.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-In the whole 77 ships, which joined and set sail together, at the
-Havana, the 17th of July, according to our account, and kept together
-until they came into the height of 35 degrees, which was about the
-tenth of August, where they found the wind at south west, changed
-suddenly to the north, so that the sea coming out of the south west,
-and the wind very violent at north, they were put all into great
-extremity, and then first lost the General of their fleet, with 500 men
-in her; and within three or four days after another storm rising, there
-were five or six other of the biggest ships cast away with all their
-men, together with their Vice-Admiral.
-
-[Illustration]
-
-And in the height of 48 degrees about the end of August, grew another
-great storm, in which all the fleet saving 48 sails were cast away:
-which 48 sails kept together, until they came in sight of the Islands
-of Coruo and Flores, about the 5th or 6th of September, at which time
-a great storm separated them; of which number 15 or 16 were after seen
-by these Spaniards to ride at anchor under the Tercera; and twelve or
-fourteen more to bear with the Island of S. Michael’s; what became of
-them after that these Spaniards were taken, cannot yet be certified;
-their opinion is, that very few of the fleet are escaped, but are
-either drowned or taken. And it is otherwise of late certified, that
-of this whole fleet that should have come into Spain this year, being
-123 sail, there are as yet arrived but 25. This note was taken out of
-the examination of certain Spaniards, that were brought into England by
-six of the ships of London, which took seven of the above named Indian
-fleet, near the Islands of Azores.
-
-
-FINIS
-
-
-[Illustration: “It may be truly said that the commandment of the sea is
-an abridgement or a quintessence of a universal monarchy.”
-
-                                                        Francis Bacon.
-]
-
-
-_Letchworth: At the Arden Press._
-
-
-
-
-Transcriber’s Notes
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-
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-<p style='text-align:center; font-size:1.2em; font-weight:bold'>The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Last Fight of the Revenge, by Walter Raleigh</p>
-<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>
-This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
-most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
-whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
-of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online
-at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you
-are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the
-country where you are located before using this eBook.
-</div>
-
-<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: The Last Fight of the Revenge</p>
-  <p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: Walter Raleigh</p>
-  <p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Illustrator: Frank Brangwyn</p>
-  <p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Contributor: Henry Newbolt</p>
-<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: December 17, 2021 [eBook #66958]</p>
-<p style='display:block; text-indent:0; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</p>
-  <p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em; text-align:left'>Produced by: deaurider, Charlie Howard, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive)</p>
-<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE LAST FIGHT OF THE REVENGE ***</div>
-
-<div class="transnote b4">
-<p class="center larger">Transcriber’s Notes</p>
-
-<p>Larger versions of most illustrations may be seen by right-clicking them
-and selecting an option to view them separately, or by double-tapping and/or
-stretching them.</p>
-
-<p>Pages in the original book were quite narrow, with large print;
-and most pages included a large illustration at the top or bottom.
-Viewing this ebook in a narrow window will approximate that original
-design more closely than will a wide window.</p>
-</div>
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<div id="i_001" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 23em;">
-  <img src="images/i_001.jpg" width="1093" height="1482" alt="" />
-  <div class="captionl"><p class="p0 in0 larger">“It may be
-truly said
-that the commandment
-of
-the Sea is an
-abridgement
-or a quintessence
-of a
-universal
-monarchy.”
-</p>
-</div>
-
-<p class="sigright">
-Francis Bacon</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<hr />
-
-<div class="narrow1">
-<h1><span class="wspace">THE LAST FIGHT</span><br />
-OF THE REVENGE</h1>
-
-<div id="i_003" class="p4 figright" style="max-width: 4em;">
-  <img src="images/i_003.jpg" width="315" height="303" alt="" /></div>
-</div>
-
-<hr />
-
-<div id="i_005" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 25em;">
-  <img src="images/i_005.jpg" width="1188" height="1910" alt="" />
-  <div class="captionr">
-
-<p class="in0">
-THE LAST FIGHT OF THE<br />
-<span class="xxlarge">REVENGE</span><br />
-BY S<sup>r</sup> WALTER RALEIGH<br />
-<br />
-WITH AN INTRODUCTION<br />
-BY HENRY NEWBOLT, M.A.,<br />
-AND ILLUSTRATIONS BY<br />
-FRANK BRANGWYN, A.R.A.<br />
-<br />
-LONDON: GIBBINGS AND<br />
-COMPANY 1908<br />
-</p></div></div>
-
-<hr />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<h2 class="nobreak" id="CONTENTS">CONTENTS</h2>
-</div>
-
-<table id="toc" summary="Contents">
-<tr>
-  <td class="tdl">Some Appreciations</td>
-  <td class="tdr"><i>page</i> <a href="#toclink_11">11</a></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-  <td class="tdl">Introduction</td>
-  <td class="tdr"><a href="#toclink_15">15</a></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-  <td class="tdl">Facsimile of original Title Page</td>
-  <td class="tdr"><a href="#toclink_57">57</a></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-  <td class="tdl">The Last Fight of the Revenge</td>
-  <td class="tdr"><a href="#toclink_61">61</a></td>
-</tr>
-</table>
-
-<div id="i_007" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 4em;">
-  <img src="images/i_007.jpg" width="315" height="293" alt="" /></div>
-
-<hr />
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_9">9</span></p>
-
-<h2 class="nobreak" id="LIST_OF_PLATES">LIST OF PLATES</h2>
-</div>
-
-<table id="loi" summary="List of Plates">
-<tr>
-  <td class="tdl">1. Queen Elizabeth going on board the Golden Hind (<i>By kind permission of the Committee of Lloyd’s Register</i>)</td>
-  <td class="tdr"><i>page</i> <a href="#ip_18b">19</a></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-  <td class="tdl">2. The Last Fight</td>
-  <td class="tdr"><a href="#ip_59">59</a></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-  <td class="tdl">3. Galleons in Harbour</td>
-  <td class="tdr"><a href="#ip_73">73</a></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-  <td class="tdl">4. Loading the Galleons</td>
-  <td class="tdr"><a href="#ip_85">85</a></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-  <td class="tdl">5. The Galleon Fair</td>
-  <td class="tdr"><a href="#ip_99">97</a></td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-  <td class="tdl">6. A Captured Galleon (<i>From a picture in the possession of Colonel Goff</i>)</td>
-  <td class="tdr"><a href="#ip_105b">105</a></td>
-</tr>
-</table>
-
-<div id="ip_9" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 4em;">
-  <img src="images/i_009.jpg" width="317" height="302" alt="" /></div>
-
-<hr />
-
-<div id="toclink_11" class="chapter">
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_11">11</span></p>
-
-<h2 class="nobreak" id="SOME_APPRECIATIONS">SOME APPRECIATIONS</h2>
-</div>
-
-<p class="drop-capt"><span class="smcap1">“In</span> the year 1591 was that memorable Fight
-of an English <em>Ship</em> called the <i>Revenge</i>, under
-the command of S<sup>r</sup> Richard Greenvill; Memorable
-(I say) even beyond credit, and to the Height
-of some Heroicall Fable. And though it were a
-Defeat, yet it exceeded a Victory.”</p>
-
-<p class="sigright">
-Sir FRANCIS BACON
-</p>
-
-<div id="ip_11" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 4em;">
-  <img src="images/i_011.jpg" width="216" height="207" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="in0">“S<sup>r</sup> Richard Greenfield got eternall honour and
-reputation of great valour, and of a experimented
-Souldier, chusing rather to sacrifice his life, and
-to passe all danger whatsoever, then to fayle in
-his Obligation.... And rather we ought to imbrace
-an honourable death then to live with infamie
-and dishonour, by fayling in dutie.”</p>
-
-<p class="sigright">
-Sir RICHARD HAWKINS
-</p>
-
-<div id="ip_11b" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 4em;">
-  <img src="images/i_011b.jpg" width="219" height="207" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="in0">“Than this what have we more! What can be
-greater!”</p>
-
-<p class="sigright">
-JOHN EVELYN
-</p>
-
-<div id="ip_11c" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 4em;">
-  <img src="images/i_011c.jpg" width="220" height="206" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_12">12</span></p>
-
-<p class="in0">“Struck a deeper terror, though it was but the
-action of a ship, into the hearts of the Spanish
-people; it dealt a more deadly blow upon their
-fame and moral strength than the destruction of
-the Armada itself.”</p>
-
-<p class="sigright">
-J. A. FROUDE
-</p>
-
-<div id="ip_12" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 4em;">
-  <img src="images/i_012.jpg" width="216" height="205" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="in0">“Perhaps in all naval history there never was a
-more gallant fight than that of the Revenge off
-the Western Isles.”</p>
-
-<p class="sigright">
-PROFESSOR ARBER
-</p>
-
-<div id="ip_12b" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 4em;">
-  <img src="images/i_012b.jpg" width="213" height="203" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_13">13</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_13" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 17em;">
-  <img src="images/i_013.jpg" width="793" height="767" alt="" /></div>
-
-<div class="poetry-container">
-<div class="poetry">
-  <div class="stanza">
-    <div class="verse indent0">And the sun went down, and the stars came out far over the summer sea,</div>
-    <div class="verse indent0">But never a moment ceased the fight of the one and the fifty-three.</div>
-    <div class="verse indent0">Ship after ship, the whole night long, their high-built galleons came,</div>
-    <div class="verse indent0">Ship after ship, the whole night long, with her battle-thunder and flame;</div>
-    <div class="verse indent0">Ship after ship, the whole night long, drew back with her dead and her shame.</div>
-    <div class="verse indent0">For some were sunk and many were shatter’d, and so could fight us no more—</div>
-    <div class="verse indent0">God of battles, was ever a battle like this in the world before?</div>
-  </div>
-  <div class="attrib"><cite>Tennyson, “The Revenge: A Ballad of the Fleet.”</cite></div>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="p1 center smaller">
-
-<p><i>By permission of Messrs Macmillan &amp; Co., Ltd, the owners of the copyright.</i></p>
-</div>
-
-<div id="ip_13b" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 5em;">
-  <img src="images/i_013a.jpg" width="318" height="298" alt="" /></div>
-
-<hr />
-
-<div id="toclink_15" class="chapter">
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_15">15</span></p>
-
-<div class="narrow1">
-<h2 class="nobreak left" id="INTRODUCTION">INTRODUCTION</h2>
-
-<div id="ip_15" class="p4 figright" style="max-width: 5em;">
-  <img src="images/i_015.jpg" width="315" height="302" alt="" /></div>
-</div></div>
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_17">17</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_17" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_017.jpg" width="1775" height="1262" alt="" /></div>
-</div>
-
-<div>
-  <img class="drop-cap" src="images/i_017dc.jpg" width="576" height="597" alt="W" />
-</div>
-
-<p class="drop-cap w"><span class="smcap large">Which</span> is the greatest name upon
-the roll of English ships? Which
-is the most sure of a lasting and
-effectual renown? There was a
-day when all England would
-have given but one answer. If you
-ask the Elizabethan of 1580, you will find him
-very positive upon the point, and not a little exalted.
-Drawn round the world by the Divine</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_18">18</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_18" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_018.jpg" width="1778" height="943" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">Hand, under the Northern and Southern Pole
-stars, victor over a hundred enemies, ballasted with
-royal treasure, &amp; steered by the captured charts
-of Spanish Admirals, the little ship that sailed as
-the <i>Pelican</i>, comes home again as the <i>Golden Hind</i>.
-She brings her fabulous booty and her still more
-fabulous romance from Plymouth Sound to Deptford,
-and then and there the great names of the
-past—the <i>Christophers</i>, the <i>Great Harrys</i>, the
-<i>Dragons</i> and the <i>Swans</i>—are all finally eclipsed.
-Drake, kneeling upon her deck, receives his
-knighthood from the hand of Gloriana, and the
-<i>Golden Hind</i> herself, bidding farewell for ever to
-wind and wave, is laid up as a national monument—“consecrated
-to perpetuall Memory.”</p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_18b" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 45em;">
-  <img src="images/i_020a.jpg" width="1640" height="989" alt="" />
-  <div class="caption">QUEEN ELIZABETH GOING ON BOARD
-THE GOLDEN HIND</div></div>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_18c" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_021.jpg" width="1777" height="815" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p>She is remembered still, but it is hardly for her
-own sake; her story is a part of Drake’s, and not
-the greatest part. Question your Elizabethan
-again some ten years later, and hers is no longer
-the name that he will give you; he will speak of
-things that are even nearer to his heart, and to
-ours; for though an Englishman will always, I
-suppose, lick his lips over a tale of treasure, it is
-the fighting and not the plunder that he is really
-fitted to enjoy, and in his imagination even the
-jewels of the <i>Golden Hind</i> will shine with a less
-bright and steady glow than the battle-lanterns
-of the <i>Revenge</i>.</p>
-
-<p>The <i>Revenge</i> is a part of no man; she saw many
-captains and more triumphs than one. She had a
-personality, as great ships always have; she had
-a career, a life of her own. She has a life after
-death; not only a posterity but a true survival.</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_22">22</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_22" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_022.jpg" width="1786" height="981" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">She may be said, in no merely figurative sense, to
-be on active service still. If the day ever comes
-when she no longer helps to keep the sea for us,
-it can only be when Time shall have paid off the
-British Navy.</p>
-
-<p>The last of her successes is more freshly remembered
-by our friends than by ourselves. A neighbouring
-potentate, whom pride in his English
-descent had exhilarated to a pitch of splendid
-audacity worthy of an Elizabethan, challenged
-us by a telegram encouraging a vassal State to
-throw off the suzerainty of the Queen. If the
-message meant anything, it was a promise of
-armed support; but the promise had none of the
-Elizabethan hardihood to back it, and proved
-bankrupt as soon as the Flying Squadron put to</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_23">23</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_23" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_023.jpg" width="1780" height="776" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">sea. It was not that this force was unknown, or
-suddenly created; the ships had long been on the
-Navy List, their names, guns, tonnage and complement
-all as familiar to the German Kaiser as
-to the rest of the world. But there was a sense
-abroad of something more than brute strength:
-a memory of great traditions, of inherited skill,
-of undaunted and indomitable tenacity. When
-on that January 15, 1896, the English Admiral
-hoisted his flag in the <i>Revenge</i>, and Her Majesty’s
-Marines marched on board under the command
-of Captain Drake, the enemy disappeared from
-the seas, and we made haste to forget another
-naval victory.</p>
-
-<p>The lesson, we may hope, remains; this was
-not a triumph of physical force. The challenger’s
-nerve, and not his ships, failed him; he feared his</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_24">24</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_24" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_024.jpg" width="1771" height="899" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">own destruction more than he desired ours. In an
-age even more materially minded, if possible, than
-those which went before it, we are increasingly
-diligent to measure our armour and our guns,
-to reckon up our horse-power and the number of
-our hits at target practice. It is not for any man
-to blame us; we should be wrong if we neglected
-these things, but we should be still more wrong
-if we forgot for a moment that there were years
-in our history when it was not we but our enemies
-who had the advantage of armament, and that
-whether by combination or otherwise, such a time
-may come upon us again. Build as we will, we
-cannot secure ourselves against it for ever; but we
-can forestall it by facing it with the remembrance
-of the past. It was by moral superiority that the</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_25">25</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_25" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_025.jpg" width="1765" height="843" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">Elizabethans came through their trial. The Spaniards
-were contending to maintain their hold
-upon the wealth of the world, and they fought
-as men will fight in such a cause—courageously,
-but not desperately; the English fought as, at
-sea, they must always be fighting, for national
-existence, and they took care—it was a great
-part of their strength—to leave their enemies in
-no doubt that they meant in every engagement
-to make the affair fatal to one side or the other.
-This is a policy which we did not follow in the
-latest of our wars; we may have been justified,
-we had our reasons, and we paid the full price;
-but on the day when we abandon it upon the
-sea, we shall have thrown away our only sure
-defence and our deadliest weapon. Men and
-nations are never so nearly invincible and never<span class="pagenum" id="Page_26">26</span>
-half so terrible as when they are armed with contempt
-of death; and that such an ardent temper
-can defy, discourage and destroy mere bulk or
-numbers, “even beyond credit and to the Height
-of some Heroicall Fable”—this is the meaning
-of the last fight of the <i>Revenge</i>.</p>
-
-<div id="ip_26" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 17em;">
-  <img src="images/i_026.jpg" width="780" height="818" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_27">27</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_27" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_027.jpg" width="1766" height="933" alt="" /></div>
-
-<h3>II</h3>
-
-<div>
-  <img class="drop-cap" src="images/i_027dc.jpg" width="557" height="582" alt="I" />
-</div>
-
-<p class="drop-cap i"><span class="smcap large">It</span> was in 1577, the year in which
-the <i>Golden Hind</i> sailed from Plymouth
-on her ever-memorable
-voyage, that the <i>Revenge</i> first
-took the water. Probably, says
-Arber (but I cannot find upon
-what authority), she was built at Chatham by
-Sir John Hawkins. According to Sir John
-Laughton she was launched at Deptford. Ships</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_28">28</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_28" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_028.jpg" width="1774" height="1013" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">are the children of predestination, as every sailor
-knows: from the moment when they leave the
-slips they are either lucky or unlucky. In the
-opinion of the younger Hawkins the <i>Revenge</i> “was
-ever the unfortunatest Ship the late Queene’s
-Majestie had during her Raigne.” He supports
-this view by a list of hairbreadth escapes, which
-might as easily be quoted to prove her the especial
-care of Providence, many times miraculously
-preserved to be the scourge and dishonour of
-the Queen’s enemies. First, says Sir Richard,
-“Comming out of Ireland with Sir John Parrot,
-she was like to be [but was not] cast away
-upon the Kentish coast.” Then, in 1586, “in
-the Voyage of Sir John Hawkins, she struck
-aground coming into Plimouth, before her going</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_29">29</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_29" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_029.jpg" width="1778" height="907" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">to Sea”; but to sea she went nevertheless. Upon
-the coast of Spain she was “readie to sinke with
-a great Leake,” and (though she did not sink)
-“at her return into the harbour of Plimouth,
-she beat upon Winter Stone”—again without
-fatality. She escaped a still greater danger when,
-soon after, she twice ran aground in going out of
-Portsmouth Haven, lay twenty-two hours beating
-upon the shore, and was forced off with
-eight feet of water in her, only to ground again
-“upon the Oose,” where she stuck for six months,
-until the following spring, testifying to the
-skill of those who built and the clumsiness of
-those who sailed her. Being at last got off and
-brought round into the Thames to be docked,
-“her old Leake breaking upon her, had like to</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_30">30</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_30" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_030.jpg" width="1794" height="794" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">have drowned all those which were in her.”
-Neither then, however, nor in any of her mishaps,
-does she appear to have actually drowned anyone,
-not even when, in 1591, “with a storme of wind
-and weather, riding at her moorings in the river
-of Rochester, nothing but her bare Masts overhead,
-shee was turned topse-turvie, her Kele
-uppermost.” One might have thought that this
-final proof of her indestructibility would convince
-her detractor. Drake, at any rate, knew a
-good sea-boat when he saw one, for he chose
-her for his flagship when he sailed against the
-Armada as Vice-Admiral, and the Calendar of
-State Papers contains, under the date of November,
-1588, a “Device of Lord Admiral Howard,
-Sir F. Drake, Sir W. Wynter, Sir John Hawkyns,
-Capt. Wm. Borough and others, for the construction
-of four new ships to be built on the</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_31">31</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_31" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_031.jpg" width="1753" height="788" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">model of the <i>Revenge</i>, but exceeding her in
-burthen.” (She was but of 500 tons herself, and
-carried at most 260 men and forty guns.) To this
-evidence we may add the statement of a Spanish
-prisoner, bearing the delightful name of Gonsalo
-Gonsalez del Castillo, who writes in 1592 that
-in England “they have been much pained by
-the loss of one of the Queen’s galleons, called
-the <i>Revenge</i>; they say she was the best ship the
-Queen had, and the one in which they had the
-most confidence for her defence.”</p>
-
-<p>Such was the <i>Revenge</i>, and, if she had her
-share of misfortune she had also her full share of
-prosperous service. She bore Drake’s flag as Vice-Admiral
-from January 3, 1588. On May 23, at
-the head of sixty sail, she escorted the Lord Admiral
-Howard into Plymouth; then, till July 12,</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_32">32</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_32" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_032.jpg" width="1785" height="912" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">she watched and longed for the “felicisima
-Armada.” On Saturday the 20th, while the
-enemy crept up Channel in heavy rain, and the
-wind fell lighter and lighter, she tacked and
-tacked her way out painfully through a night of
-deadly anxiety. She had her reward. On Sunday,
-“conspicuous with an extravagant pennant and
-a banner on her mizzen, and fighting almost at
-grappling distance,” she battered Don Juan Martinez
-de Recalde in the <i>Santa Anna</i>. Towards
-evening the Admirals held Council on board her;
-when night fell her lantern led the fleet, until
-Drake, finding himself among strange sail, extinguished
-it and lay by for daylight. Howard
-and the rest went after the Spanish lights, and
-when dawn came the <i>Revenge</i> found herself alone,</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_33">33</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_33" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_033.jpg" width="1787" height="859" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">and drifting within a few cables of the huge
-<i xml:lang="es" lang="es">Nuestra Señora del Rosario</i>, flagship of Don Pedro
-de Valdes, Captain-General of the Andalusian
-Squadron and one of Sidonia’s best officers. The
-Captain-General was “spoiled of his mast the day
-before,” and had smashed his bowsprit in collision;
-but he tried to stand out for conditions of
-surrender. The Vice-Admiral replied that he was
-Drake, and had no time to parley. That ended
-the matter; the galleon went into Dartmouth
-“under the conduction of the <i>Roebuck</i>” and the
-<i>Revenge</i> “bare with the Lord Admiral, and recovered
-his Lordship that night, being Monday.”
-Aboard of her went poor Don Pedro and forty of
-his officers; also their cash, to the tune of fifty
-thousand ducats.</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_34">34</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_34" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_034.jpg" width="1761" height="808" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p>On Tuesday the 23rd, the prisoners, or those
-of them who were allowed on deck, witnessed
-the battle off the Isle of Wight, the failure of the
-galleasses with their countless oars, and the rescue
-of the <i>Triumph</i>, in which our first <i>Victory</i> and our
-first <i>Dreadnought</i> distinguished themselves. They
-saw, too, in the bird-like line-ahead flights of
-the <i>Revenge</i> and her consorts, their quick concentrations
-and dispersals, what Mr Julian Corbett
-has described as “the first dawn of those
-modern tactics which Blake and Monk were to
-develop and Nelson to perfect.” By the end of the
-day they were probably all deaf; the unknown
-eyewitness who wrote the <cite>Relation of Proceedings</cite>
-for Howard, declares that “there was never seen
-a more terrible value of great shot, nor more hot
-fight than this was; for although the musketeers</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_35">35</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_35" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_035.jpg" width="1779" height="819" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">and harquebusiers of crock were then infinite,
-yet could they not be discerned nor heard for
-that the great ordnance came so thick that a man
-would have judged it to have been a hot skirmish
-of small shot, being all the fight long within half
-musket shot of the enemy.”</p>
-
-<p>On the 24th fresh ammunition arrived, and
-the fleet was divided into four squadrons, of
-which <i>Revenge</i> was to lead the second.</p>
-
-<p>On Thursday the 25th, in a calm, the galleasses
-ventured again and were finally knocked out of
-the fight. For the next two days “the Spaniards
-went always before the English Army like sheep”
-until on Saturday evening they suddenly came
-to an anchor off Calais.</p>
-
-<p>On the night of Sunday the 28th, the Lord
-Admiral “caused eight ships to be fired and let<span class="pagenum" id="Page_36">36</span>
-drive amongst the Spanish fleet; whereupon they
-were forced to let slip or cut cables at half and
-to set sail.” When day came, Howard stopped
-to take a prize, and it was the <i>Revenge</i> who led
-the last great chase northwards, pounding Sidonia
-himself in the huge <i xml:lang="es" lang="es">San Martin</i>, sinking,
-scattering and driving ashore his followers. “It
-was the hour,” says Mr Corbett, “for which
-Francis Drake had been born.” But glorious as
-it was, it was not yet the hour for which the
-<i>Revenge</i> had been built.</p>
-
-<div id="ip_36" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 17em;">
-  <img src="images/i_036.jpg" width="791" height="863" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_37">37</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_37" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_037.jpg" width="1775" height="965" alt="" /></div>
-
-<h3>III</h3>
-
-<div>
-  <img class="drop-cap" src="images/i_037dc.jpg" width="580" height="598" alt="D" />
-</div>
-
-<p class="drop-cap d"><span class="smcap large">Drake</span> was beyond doubt the
-greatest man who ever set foot
-in the <i>Revenge</i>, but it was not
-for him, or any like him, to sail
-her to the fulfilment of her unparalleled
-destiny. The imagination
-of two great peoples has made of him an
-almost supernatural hero, a gigantic figure of
-romance; but in spite of his inexhaustible courage,</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_38">38</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_38" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_038.jpg" width="1765" height="1118" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">his dazzling fortune, and the touch of extravagance
-which he caught from the spirit of his
-time, he was neither a Don Quixote nor a Prince
-Fortunate of mere adventures. For him there
-was nothing that could not be dared, but it must
-be dared with method and for an end in view;
-for him wisdom could never be “wisdom in the
-scorn of consequence.” Setting aside their natural
-bravery and the fashion of the day, there was
-little in common between this heroic prototype
-of the modern Englishman, and Sir Richard
-Grenville, the inheritor of a temperament which
-has long been practically extinct among us, and
-was even then the characteristic of a dwindling</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_39">39</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_39" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_039.jpg" width="1776" height="850" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">class. The men of courage without discipline,
-of enthusiasm without reason, of will without
-science—a type of arrested development surviving
-from the days beyond the Renaissance—fell
-with the Stuart Kings and were finally buried
-with the rebels of the ’45. It is easy to say that
-they were of no use, these turbulent, insensate,
-self-willed children of aristocracy; at the least
-they added colour and vivacity to life, and these
-are something; now and again they had their
-great moments, when folly touched the height
-of tragedy, and left a true inspiration for those
-who are not too sober or too senile to receive it.</p>
-
-<p>Men have always liked to think of definite
-characteristics as the hereditary possession of
-certain families—often, no doubt, without much
-justification, but surely not altogether so in the</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_40">40</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_40" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 38em;">
-  <img src="images/i_040.jpg" width="1799" height="846" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">case of the Grenvilles. Reading their records
-without any preconceived belief, we cannot but
-hear one note ringing out again &amp; again through
-at least three centuries and a half. We hear Sir
-Richard’s grandson, Sir Bevil—it goes without
-saying that he was a Cavalier—swearing “to
-fetch those traitors out of their nest at Launceston,
-or fire them in it.” We see him, “after
-solemn prayers,” charging furiously “both down
-the one hill and up the other” at Bradock Down;
-or again dying on the brow of Lansdowne Hill,
-after he had stormed it in the face of cannon,
-“small shot from the breastworks” and “two
-full charges from the enemy’s horse.”</p>
-
-<p>His brother, another Sir Richard, was a Cavalier,
-too, and a Grenville to the backbone; hated
-by his men for his iron discipline—“no doubt,”</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_41">41</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_41" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_041.jpg" width="1782" height="778" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">says Clarendon, “the man had behaved himself
-with great pride and tyranny over them”—he
-was even more intolerable to his superiors; he
-flatly refused to act under Hopton, and drove
-the Prince of Wales to imprison him in despair.
-A more attractive, but still characteristic, member
-of the family was Bevil’s son, Denis, Archdeacon
-of Durham, whom we find, after James
-II had already fled the kingdom, preaching in
-the midst of his enemies “a seasonable loyall
-Sermon”; collecting a war fund from the prebendaries
-for his fallen sovereign; bolting to
-Scotland on horseback; captured, but escaping
-to France; coming back incognito and escaping
-again. Ardent Jacobite and equally ardent Protestant,
-he defied the Court at St Germain to
-convert him to Romanism, and when they would</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_42">42</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_42" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_042.jpg" width="1786" height="817" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">not allow him to read the English Service, consoled
-himself by publishing at Rouen a manifesto
-with the exquisite title of “The Resigned and
-Resolved Christian and Faithful and Undaunted
-Royalist in two plain farewell Sermons and a
-loyal farewell Visitation Speech.”</p>
-
-<p>It must be admitted that even so late as the
-eighteenth century—the Venerable Denis lived
-till 1703—these gentlemen were the opposite of
-tame; even when they were “Resigned” they
-were at the same time “Resolved” and “Undaunted.”
-This is even more true of their fourteenth-century
-ancestor, Sir Theobald, the first
-Grenville of whom I have found anything essential
-to relate. He, at the age of twenty-two,
-thought fit to rebel against the paternal despotism
-of John Grandison, Bishop of Exeter, who had</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_43">43</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_43" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_043.jpg" width="1785" height="910" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">instituted a nominee of Sir John Raleigh’s to the
-Grenville family living of Kilkhampton, in defiance,
-it would appear, of the lawful patron’s
-rights. Sir Theobald made war at once in the
-best Grenville manner. At dawn on Sunday,
-March 24, 1347, he invaded the Manor of
-Bishop’s Tawton with 500 followers “armed
-with divers kinds of weapons, offensive and
-defensive, after the fashion of men going to mortal
-war.” They stormed the Manor-house, the Sanctuary
-and the Manse; killed some of the defenders,
-took plunder to the value of two hundred marks
-(the Bishop’s estimate) and otherwise “multipliciter
-perturbarunt pacem et tranquillitatem
-Domini nostri Regis.” The Bishop’s peace and
-tranquillity being also disturbed, he at once excommunicated
-the entire army. Sir Theobald</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_44">44</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_44" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 38em;">
-  <img src="images/i_044.jpg" width="1798" height="801" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">then brought and won an action against Raleigh
-in the King’s Bench; the Bishop’s man appealed
-to Rome, with the inevitable result; the King’s
-Bench judgement was annulled, with costs against
-Sir Theobald. Cheered by this, the Bishop sent
-the Abbot of Hartland and the Prior of Launceston
-to Kilkhampton one fine July day to put
-things to rights. The Grenville army, with faces
-masked and painted, bows bent and arrows
-notched, met the Church Militant in a narrow
-lane and routed it shamefully; the pursuit lasted
-for a mile, and Sir Theobald then fortified and
-held Kilkhampton Church for several days. After
-eighteen months more of contumacy, peace was
-made; from the terms we may judge how hard the
-Grenville had pressed his tremendous adversary.
-He knelt, it is true, and confessed his guilt—there</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_45">45</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_45" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_045.jpg" width="1758" height="883" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">there was no denying that—but the Bishop, in
-return for this preservation of his dignity, had
-to revoke his own institution and admit a new
-rector upon Sir Theobald’s presentation; Raleigh
-got nothing but the barren pleasure of reading
-aloud the Act of Submission. The significant
-points of the story are to me, first, that this boy
-of twenty-two gained his end in the teeth of all
-Rome; second, that to gain it he cared not what
-he did or suffered; and last, that it was never
-worth the money or the crimes it cost him.</p>
-
-<p>It is vain, I think, to deny that in such a family
-group as this, Sir Richard Grenville of the <i>Revenge</i>
-would be in every sense at home. His record is
-plain. In 1585, when Raleigh’s first colony for
-Virginia set out from Plymouth in seven ships,
-it was Sir Richard who took command of it,</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_46">46</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_46" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_046.jpg" width="1754" height="1105" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">though he knew little of seamanship, and still less,
-apparently, of government. Letters from Lane,
-the head of the colony, to Secretary Walsingham,
-and dispatches from the treasurer to Raleigh himself,
-set forth Grenville’s “intolerable pride” and
-his “insatiable ambition.” His behaviour to his
-subordinates was such that they desire to be freed
-from any place where he is to carry any authority
-in chief. But what an irresistible fighter he is! On
-the homeward voyage he falls in with “a Spanish
-ship of 300 tunne, richly loaden”; having no
-boats, he boards her with an improvised one,
-“made with boards of chests, which fell a sunder,
-and sunke at the shippes side as soone as ever
-he and his men were out of it.” He reached</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_47">47</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_47" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_047.jpg" width="1767" height="820" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">home at the end of October, and was off again
-in the following April, when the Justices of
-Cornwall report to the Council, Sir Richard
-having evidently neglected to do so, that, “being
-about to depart to sea, he has left his charge of
-300 men to George Greynvil.” On this voyage
-he sacked the Azores, took “divers Spanyardes”
-and performed “many other exploytes,” but he
-reached Virginia too late to be of any service to
-the colony, which had already left for England.
-Then came the business of the Armada, in which
-he had at least three ships of his own engaged,
-though he got little chance of distinguishing
-himself in his station off the coast of Devon
-and Cornwall. His next voyage was that in the
-<i>Revenge</i>: and here again, in the one memorable
-action of his life, we cannot but see the working<span class="pagenum" id="Page_48">48</span>
-of the peculiar character which is visible in all
-the rest.</p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_48" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_048.jpg" width="1764" height="845" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p>“This Sir Richard Greenfield was a great and
-a rich Gentleman in England,” says a contemporary,
-the Dutchman Linschoten, “and had
-great yearly revenewes of his owne inheritance:
-but he was a man very unquiet in his minde,
-and greatly affected to warre: in so much as of
-his owne private motion he offered his service
-to the Queene: he had performed many valiant
-acts, and was greatly feared in these Islands [i.e.,
-the Azores], and knowne of every man, but of
-nature very severe, so that his owne people hated
-him for his fiercenes and spake verie hardly of
-him: for when they first entered into the Fleete
-or Armado, they had their great sayle in a readinesse,
-and might possiblie enough have sayled</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_49">49</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_49" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_049.jpg" width="1746" height="1096" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">away: for it [i.e., the <i>Revenge</i>] was one of the
-best ships for sayle in England, and the Master
-perceiving that the other shippes had left them,
-and followed not after, commanded the great
-sayle to be cut, that they might make away:
-but Sir Richard Greenfield threatened both him,
-and all the rest that were in the ship, that if any
-man laid hand upon it, he would cause him to
-be hanged, and so by that occasion they were
-compelled to fight, and in the end were taken.”</p>
-
-<p>Sir William Monson, another contemporary,
-has left behind him a similar account, first printed
-in 1682. “Upon view of the Spaniards, which
-were 55 sail, the Lord Thomas warily, and like
-a discreet General, weighed Anchor, and made</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_50">50</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_50" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_050.jpg" width="1775" height="848" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">signs to the rest of his Fleet to do the like, with
-a purpose to get the wind of them: but Sir
-Richard Grenvile, being a stubborn man, ...
-would by no means be persuaded by his Master,
-or Company, to cut his main Sail, to follow the
-Admiral: nay, so headstrong and rash he was,
-that he offered violence to those that counselled
-him thereto.”</p>
-
-<p>Sir Walter Raleigh, Grenville’s kinsman, friend
-and apologist, tells substantially the same story,
-but he endeavours to throw a different complexion
-upon it, by representing Sir Richard as
-being in the first instance trapped in the fulfilment
-of a duty. He declares that the <i>Revenge</i>
-“was the last waied, to recover the men that
-were upon the Island, which otherwise had been</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_51">51</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_51" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_051.jpg" width="1764" height="996" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">lost.” Unfortunately, this contention is negatived
-by the numbers of the men captured in
-her; and, indeed, he goes on to say that Grenville
-afterwards “utterly refused to turn from
-the enemy” and boasted that he would “enforce
-those of Sivill to give him way.” Sir Richard
-Hawkins is more whole-hearted. “At the Ile
-of Flores, Sir Richard Greenfield got eternall
-honour and reputation of great valour, and of
-an experimented Soldier, chusing rather to sacrifice
-his life, and to passe all danger whatsoever,
-than to fayle in his Obligation, by gathering
-together those which had remained ashore in
-that place, though with the hazard of his ship
-and companie: and rather we ought to imbrace<span class="pagenum" id="Page_52">52</span>
-an honourable death than to live with infamie
-and dishonour, by fayling in dutie.”</p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_52" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_052.jpg" width="1775" height="968" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p>No man would have been quicker to lay down
-such a principle than Grenville, but it is clear
-that on this occasion he did not observe it, and
-to maintain that he did so would be to mistake
-the nature of the man. He was no quiet resolute
-victim of duty: his stubbornness was not
-that of faithful endurance. If the evidence we
-have quoted goes for anything he was then, as
-ever, proud, rash, headstrong and tyrannical, and
-he remained true to himself even in his famous
-dying speech, which has been garbled by every
-translator for 300 years. “Here die I, Richard
-Greenfield, with a joyfull and quiet mind, for
-that I have ended my life as a true soldier<span class="pagenum" id="Page_53">53</span>
-ought to do, that hath fought for his country,
-Queene, religion, and honor, whereby my soule
-most joyfull departeth out of this bodie, and
-shall alwaies leave behind it an everlasting fame
-of a valiant and true soldier, that hath done his
-dutie, as he was bound to do.” So it has always
-run; it was not until 1897 that Mr David Hannay
-first translated and replaced the fierce concluding
-sentence: “But the others of my company
-have done as traitors and dogs, for which they
-shall be reproached all their lives and leave a
-shameful name for ever.” That, to my ear, is
-the authentic voice of the Grenville.</p>
-
-<div id="ip_53" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 17em;">
-  <img src="images/i_053.jpg" width="784" height="753" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_54">54</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_54" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_054.jpg" width="1767" height="903" alt="" /></div>
-
-<h3>IV</h3>
-
-<div>
-  <img class="drop-cap" src="images/i_054dc.jpg" width="559" height="584" alt="I" />
-</div>
-
-<p class="drop-cap i"><span class="smcap large">Is</span> this a condemnation? Is Sir
-Richard Grenville of the <i>Revenge</i>,
-after three centuries of fame, to
-be summed up as a ferocious and
-domineering fire-eater, hateful
-to his subordinates and disobedient
-to his chief? I do not think so. It is true
-that we cannot look to him for an example of
-what a seaman should be, or what an officer<span class="pagenum" id="Page_55">55</span>
-should do, but he is none the less a beacon to all
-Englishmen, because he was a great fighter and
-above the fear of death. To breathe the inspiration
-of his genius, it is not necessary to tamper
-with the record of his character; we have but
-to look at him as he was, with open eyes, to
-think what we will of his faults, and then to turn
-once more to the story of his superb valour and
-his supreme achievement. Beyond question, he
-and all his company are among the Immortals.</p>
-
-<div class="poetry-container narrow">
-<div class="poetry">
-  <div class="stanza">
-    <div class="verse indent0">Heroes of old! We humbly lay</div>
-    <div class="verse indent2">The laurels on your graves again;</div>
-    <div class="verse indent0">Whatever men have done, men may—</div>
-    <div class="verse indent2">The deeds you wrought are not in vain.<a id="FNanchor_1" href="#Footnote_1" class="fnanchor">A</a></div>
-  </div>
-  <div class="attrib">HENRY NEWBOLT</div>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="footnote">
-
-<p><a id="Footnote_1" href="#FNanchor_1" class="fnanchor">A</a> Austin Dobson, <cite>A Ballad of Heroes</cite>.</p>
-
-</div>
-
-<div id="ip_55" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 16em;">
-  <img src="images/i_055.jpg" width="744" height="983" alt="" /></div>
-
-<div id="toclink_57" class="chapter">
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_57">57</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_57" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 17em;">
-  <img src="images/i_057.jpg" width="818" height="1499" alt="" />
-  <div class="caption">
-
-<p>
-<span class="xxlarge wspace">A REPORT</span><br />
-<span class="larger">OF THE TRVTH OF</span><br />
-<i>the fight about the Iles of</i><br />
-Açores, this last<br />
-Sommer.<br />
-
-<span class="larger wspace">BETWIXT THE</span><br />
-
-<i>Reuenge, one of her Maiesties</i><br />
-Shippes,<br />
-
-<i>And an Armada of the King</i><br />
-of Spaine.<br />
-
-LONDON<br />
-Printed for william Ponsonbie.<br />
-1591.<br />
-</p></div></div>
-</div>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_59">59</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_59" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 30em;">
-  <img src="images/i_060a.jpg" width="1146" height="1477" alt="" />
-  <div class="caption">THE LAST FIGHT</div></div>
-
-<div id="toclink_61" class="chapter">
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_61">61</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_61" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_061.jpg" width="1781" height="1258" alt="" /></div>
-</div>
-
-<div>
-  <img class="drop-cap" src="images/i_061dc.jpg" width="579" height="587" alt="B" />
-</div>
-
-<p class="drop-cap d"><span class="smcap large">Because</span> the rumours are
-diversely spread, as well in
-England as in the Low Countries
-and elsewhere, of this
-late encounter between her
-Majesty’s ships and the Armada of Spain;
-and that the Spaniards, according to their
-usual manner, fill the world with their vainglorious</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_62">62</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_62" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 36em;">
-  <img src="images/i_062.jpg" width="1745" height="762" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">vaunts, making great appearance
-of victories: when, on the contrary, themselves
-are most commonly and shamefully
-beaten and dishonoured; thereby hoping
-to possess the ignorant multitude by anticipating
-and forerunning false reports. It is
-agreeable with all good reason, for manifestation
-of the truth, to overcome falsehood
-and untruth; that the beginning,
-continuance and success of this late honourable
-encounter of Sir Richard Grenville,
-and other her Majesty’s Captains,
-with the Armada of Spain, should be truly
-set down and published without partiality
-or false imaginations.</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_63">63</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_63" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_063.jpg" width="1772" height="801" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p>And it is no marvel that the Spaniard
-should seek, by false and slanderous
-pamphlets, advices and letters, to cover
-their own loss, and to derogate from others
-their due honours, especially in this fight
-being performed far off; seeing they were
-not ashamed in the year 1588, when they
-purposed the invasion of this land, to publish
-in sundry languages in print, great
-victories in words, which they pleaded to
-have obtained against this Realm, and
-spread the same in a most false sort over
-all parts of France, Italy and elsewhere.
-When shortly after it was happily manifested
-in very deed to all nations, how their</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_64">64</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_64" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_064.jpg" width="1775" height="764" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">Navy, which they termed invincible, consisting
-of 240 sail of ships, not only of their
-own kingdom, but strengthened with the
-greatest argosies, Portugal caracks, Florentines
-and huge hulks of other countries,
-were, by thirty of her Majesty’s own ships
-of war and a few of our own merchants,
-by the wise, valiant and most advantageous
-conduction of the Lord Charles Howard,
-High Admiral of England, beaten and
-shuffled together, even from the Lizard
-in Cornwall, first to Portland, where they
-shamefully left Don Pedro de Valdes with
-his mighty ship; from Portland to Calais,
-where they lost Hugo de Moncado with</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_65">65</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_65" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_065.jpg" width="1750" height="879" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">the galleass of which he was captain; and
-from Calais, driven with squibs from their
-anchors, were chased out of the sight of
-England, round about Scotland and Ireland.
-Where for the sympathy of their
-barbarous religion, hoping to find succour
-and assistance, a great part of them were
-crushed against the rocks, and those other
-that landed, being very many in number,
-were, notwithstanding, broken, slain and
-taken, and so sent from village to village
-coupled in halters to be shipped into England.
-Where Her Majesty of her princely
-and invincible disposition, disdaining to</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_66">66</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_66" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_066.jpg" width="1773" height="797" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">put them to death, and scorning either
-to retain or entertain them, [they] were
-all sent back again to their countries, to
-witness and recount the worthy achievements
-of their invincible and dreadful
-Navy. Of which the number of soldiers,
-the fearful burthen of their ships, the commanders
-names of every squadron, with all
-other their magazines of provision, were
-put in print as an Army and Navy unresistible,
-and disdaining prevention. With
-all which so great and terrible an ostentation,
-they did not in all their sailing round
-about England, so much as sink or take</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_67">67</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_67" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_067.jpg" width="1772" height="971" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">one ship, barque, pinnace, or cockboat of
-ours: or ever burnt so much as one sheepcote
-of this land. When as on the contrary,
-Sir Francis Drake, with only 800 soldiers,
-not long before, landed in their Indies, and
-forced Santiago, Santo Domingo, Cartagena,
-and the forts of Florida.</p>
-
-<p>And after that, Sir John Norris marched
-from Penich in Portugal, with a handful
-of soldiers, to the gates of Lisbon, being
-about forty English miles, where the Earl
-of Essex himself and other valiant gentlemen
-braved the city of Lisbon, encamped</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_68">68</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_68" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_068.jpg" width="1753" height="770" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">at the very gates; from whence, after many
-days’ abode, finding neither promised
-party, nor provision to batter: made retreat
-by land, in despite of all their garrisons,
-both of horse and foot. In this sort
-I have a little digressed from my first purpose,
-only by the necessary comparison
-of theirs and our actions: the one covetous
-of honour without vaunt or ostentation;
-the other so greedy to purchase the opinion
-of their own affairs, and by false rumours
-to resist the blasts of their own dishonours,
-as they will not only not blush to spread
-all manner of untruths: but even for the
-least advantage, be it but for the taking</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_69">69</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_69" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_069.jpg" width="1768" height="1001" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">of one poor adventurer of the English,
-will celebrate the victory with bonfires in
-every town, always spending more in faggots,
-than the purchase was worth they
-obtained. Whereas we never yet thought
-it worth the consumption of two billets,
-when we have taken eight or ten of their
-Indian ships at one time, and twenty of
-the Brazil fleet. Such is the difference between
-true valour, and ostentation: and
-between honourable actions, and frivolous
-vainglorious vaunts. But now to return to
-my first purpose.</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_70">70</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_70" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_070.jpg" width="1778" height="902" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p>The Lord Thomas Howard, with six of
-Her Majesty’s ships, six victuallers of London,
-the barque <i>Ralegh</i>, and two or three
-pinnaces riding at anchor near unto Flores,
-one of the westerly islands of the Azores,
-the last of August in the afternoon, had
-intelligence by one Captain Midleton, of
-the approach of the Spanish Armada.
-Which Midleton being in a very good
-sailer, had kept them company three days
-before, of good purpose, both to discover
-their forces the more, as also to give advice
-to my Lord Thomas of their approach. He
-had no sooner delivered the news but the</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_71">71</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_71" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_071.jpg" width="1779" height="769" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">fleet was in sight: many of our ship’s companies
-were on shore in the island; some
-providing ballast for their ships; others
-filling of water and refreshing themselves
-from the land with such things as they
-could, either for money, or by force recover.
-By reason whereof our ships being
-all pestered &amp; rummaging every thing out
-of order, very light for want of ballast. And
-that which was most to our disadvantage,
-the one half part of the men of every ship
-sick, and utterly unserviceable. For in the
-<i>Revenge</i> there were ninety diseased; in
-the <i>Bonaventure</i>, not so many in health
-as could handle her mainsail. For had not</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_72">72</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_72" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_072.jpg" width="1751" height="761" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">twenty men been taken out of a barque of
-Sir George Cary’s, his being commanded
-to be sunk, and those appointed to her,
-she had hardly ever recovered England.
-The rest for the most part, were in little
-better state. The names of Her Majesty’s
-ships were these as followeth: the <i>Defiance</i>,
-which was Admiral, the <i>Revenge</i>
-Vice-Admiral, the <i>Bonaventure</i> commanded
-by Captain Cross, the <i>Lion</i>
-by George Fenner, the <i>Foresight</i> by
-Thomas Vavasour, and the <i>Crane</i> by Duffield.
-The <i>Foresight</i> and the <i>Crane</i> being
-but small ships, only the other were of the
-middle size; the rest, besides the barque</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_73">73</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_73" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 45em;">
-  <img src="images/i_074a.jpg" width="1648" height="1138" alt="" />
-  <div class="caption">GALLEONS IN HARBOUR</div></div>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_75">75</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_75" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_075.jpg" width="1761" height="899" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara"><i>Ralegh</i>, commanded by Captain Thin,
-were victuallers, and of small force or none.
-The Spanish fleet having shrouded their
-approach by reason of the island, were
-now so soon at hand, as our ships had scarce
-time to weigh their anchors, but some of
-them were driven to let slip their cables and
-set sail. Sir Richard Grenville was the last
-weighed, to recover the men that were upon
-the island, which otherwise had been lost.
-The Lord Thomas with the rest very hardly
-recovered the wind, which Sir Richard
-Grenville not being able to do, was persuaded
-by the master and others to cut his</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_76">76</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_76" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_076.jpg" width="1773" height="848" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">main sail and cast about, and to trust to the
-sailing of the ship, for the squadron of Seville
-were on his weather bow. But Sir Richard
-utterly refused to turn from the enemy,
-alleging that he would rather choose to
-die, than to dishonour himself, his country,
-and Her Majesty’s ship, persuading his
-company that he would pass through the
-two squadrons in despite of them, and enforce
-those of Seville to give him way.
-Which he performed upon divers of the
-foremost, who, as the mariners term it,
-sprang their luff, and fell under the lee of
-the <i>Revenge</i>. But the other course had been</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_77">77</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_77" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_077.jpg" width="1753" height="803" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">the better, and might right well have been
-answered in so great an impossibility of prevailing.
-Notwithstanding out of the greatness
-of his mind, he could not be persuaded.
-In the meanwhile as he attended those
-which were nearest him, the great <i xml:lang="es" lang="es">San
-Philip</i> being in the wind of him, and
-coming towards him, becalmed his sails
-in such sort, as the ship could neither weigh
-nor feel the helm, so huge and high charged
-was the Spanish ship, being of a thousand
-and five hundred tons. Who after laid the
-<i>Revenge</i> aboard. When he was thus bereft
-of his sails, the ships that were under his lee
-luffing up, also laid him aboard, of which</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_78">78</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_78" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_078.jpg" width="1781" height="825" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">the next was the Admiral of the <i xml:lang="es" lang="es">Biscaines</i>, a
-very mighty and puissant ship commanded
-by Brittan Dona. The said <i xml:lang="es" lang="es">Philip</i> carried
-three tier of ordinance on a side, and eleven
-pieces in every tier. She shot eight forthright
-out of her chase, besides those of her
-stern ports.</p>
-
-<p>After the <i>Revenge</i> was entangled with this
-<i xml:lang="es" lang="es">Philip</i>, four others boarded her; two on
-her larboard and two on her starboard. The
-fight thus beginning at three of the clock
-in the afternoon, continued very terrible
-all that evening. But the great <i xml:lang="es" lang="es">San Philip</i>
-having received the lower tier of the <i>Revenge</i>,
-discharged with cross-bar shot,</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_79">79</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_79" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_079.jpg" width="1751" height="1101" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">shifted herself with all diligence from her
-sides, utterly misliking her first entertainment.
-Some say that the ship foundered,
-but we cannot report it for truth, unless
-we were assured. The Spanish ships were
-filled with companies of soldiers, in some
-two hundred, besides the mariners; in some
-five, in others eight hundred. In ours there
-were none at all, beside the mariners, but
-the servants of the commanders and some
-few voluntary gentlemen only. After many
-interchanged volleys of great ordnance and</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_80">80</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_80" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_080.jpg" width="1762" height="839" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">small shot, the Spaniards deliberated to enter
-the <i>Revenge</i>, and made divers attempts,
-hoping to force her by the multitudes of
-their armed soldiers and musketeers, but
-were still repulsed again and again, and at
-all times beaten back into their own ships,
-or into the seas. In the beginning of the
-fight the <i>George Noble</i>, of London, having
-received some shot through her by the <i xml:lang="es" lang="es">Armadas</i>,
-fell under the lee of the <i>Revenge</i>,
-and asked Sir Richard what he would command
-him, being but one of the victuallers
-and of small force; Sir Richard bid him
-save himself, and leave him to his fortune.</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_81">81</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_81" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_081.jpg" width="1766" height="999" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">After the fight had thus, without intermission,
-continued while the day lasted and
-some hours of the night, many of our men
-were slain and hurt, and one of the great
-galleons of the Armada and the Admiral of
-the Hulks both sunk, and in many other
-of the Spanish ships great slaughter was
-made. Some write that Sir Richard was
-very dangerously hurt almost in the beginning
-of the fight, and lay speechless for a
-time ere he recovered. But two of the <i>Revenge’s</i>
-own company, brought home in a
-ship of Lime from the Islands, examined by</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_82">82</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_82" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_082.jpg" width="1784" height="768" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">some of the Lords and others, affirmed that
-he was never so wounded as that he forsook
-the upper deck till an hour before
-midnight, and then being shot into the
-body with a musket as he was dressing, was
-again shot into the head, and withal his surgeon
-wounded to death. This agrees also
-with an examination taken by Sir Francis
-Godolphin, of four other mariners of the
-same ship being returned, which examination
-the said Sir Francis sent unto Master
-William Killigrew, of Her Majesty’s
-Privy Chamber.</p>
-
-<p>But to return to the fight, the Spanish ships
-which attempted to board the <i>Revenge</i>, as</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_83">83</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_83" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_083.jpg" width="1754" height="883" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">they were wounded and beaten off, so always
-others came in their places, she having
-never less than two mighty galleons by her
-sides and aboard her. So that ere the morning
-from three of the clock the day before,
-there had fifteen several Armadas assailed
-her, and all so ill approved their entertainment,
-as they were by the break of
-day, far more willing to hearken to a composition,
-than hastily to make any more
-assaults or entries. But as the day increased
-so our men decreased; and as the light grew
-more and more, by so much more grew
-our discomforts. For none appeared in</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_84">84</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_84" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_084.jpg" width="1774" height="901" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">sight but enemies, saving one small ship
-called the <i>Pilgrim</i>, commanded by Jacob
-Whiddon, who hovered all night to see
-the success: but in the morning bearing
-with the <i>Revenge</i>, was hunted like a hare
-amongst many ravenous hounds, but escaped.</p>
-
-<p>All the powder of the <i>Revenge</i> to the last
-barrel was now spent, all her pikes broken,
-forty of her best men slain, and the most
-part of the rest hurt. In the beginning of
-the fight she had but one hundred free
-from sickness, and fourscore and ten sick,
-laid in hold upon the ballast. A small troop</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_85">85</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_85" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 34em;">
-  <img src="images/i_086a.jpg" width="1146" height="1388" alt="" />
-  <div class="caption">LOADING THE GALLEONS</div></div>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_87">87</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_87" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_087.jpg" width="1770" height="969" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">to man such a ship, and a weak garrison to
-resist so mighty an army. By those hundred
-all was sustained, the volleys, boardings,
-and enterings of fifteen ships of war, besides
-those which beat her at large. On the contrary,
-the Spanish were always supplied
-with soldiers brought from every squadron:
-all manner of arms and powder at will.
-Unto ours there remained no comfort at
-all, no hope, no supply either of ships, men,
-or weapons; the masts all beaten overboard,
-all her tackle cut asunder, her upper
-work altogether razed, and in effect evened</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_88">88</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_88" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_088.jpg" width="1764" height="922" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">she was with the water, but the very foundation
-or bottom of a ship, nothing being
-left overhead either for flight or defence.
-Sir Richard finding himself in this distress,
-and unable any longer to make resistance,
-having endured in this fifteen hours’ fight,
-the assault of fifteen several armadas, all
-by turns aboard him, and by estimation
-eight hundred shot of great artillery, besides
-many assaults and entries. And that
-himself and the ship must needs be possessed
-by the enemy, who were now all
-cast in a ring round about him; the <i>Revenge</i>
-not able to move one way or other,</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_89">89</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_89" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 36em;">
-  <img src="images/i_089.jpg" width="1732" height="756" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">but as she was moved with the waves and
-billow of the sea: commanded the master
-Gunner, whom he knew to be a most resolute
-man, to split and sink the ship; that
-thereby nothing might remain of glory or
-victory to the Spaniards: seeing in so many
-hours’ fight, and with so great a Navy they
-were not able to take her, having had fifteen
-hours’ time, fifteen thousand men, and
-fifty and three sail of men-of-war to perform
-it withal. And persuaded the company,
-or as many as he could induce, to
-yield themselves unto God, and to the
-mercy of none else; but as they had like
-valiant resolute men, repulsed so many</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_90">90</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_90" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 36em;">
-  <img src="images/i_090.jpg" width="1739" height="761" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">enemies, they should not now shorten the
-honour of their nation, by prolonging their
-own lives for a few hours, or a few days.
-The master Gunner readily condescended
-and divers others; but the Captain and the
-Master were of an other opinion, and besought
-Sir Richard to have care of them,
-alleging that the Spaniard would be as
-ready to entertain a composition, as they
-were willing to offer the same: and that
-there being divers sufficient and valiant
-men yet living, and whose wounds were
-not mortal, they might do their country
-and prince acceptable service hereafter.
-And (that where Sir Richard had alleged</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_91">91</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_91" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_091.jpg" width="1756" height="902" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">that the Spaniards should never glory to
-have taken one ship of Her Majesty’s, seeing
-that they had so long and so notably
-defended themselves) they answered, that
-the ship had six foot water in hold, three
-shot under water which were so weakly
-stopped, as with the first working of the
-sea, she must needs sink, and was besides
-so crushed and bruised, as she could never
-be removed out of the place.</p>
-
-<p>And as the matter was thus in dispute, and
-Sir Richard refusing to hearken to any of
-those reasons: the master of the <i>Revenge</i>
-(while the Captain won unto him the greater</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_92">92</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_92" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_092.jpg" width="1773" height="848" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">party) was convoyed aboard the General
-Don Alfonso Bassan. Who, finding none
-over-hasty to enter the <i>Revenge</i> again,
-doubting lest Sir Richard would have
-blown them up and himself, and perceiving
-by the report of the master of the <i>Revenge</i>
-his dangerous disposition: yielded
-that all their lives should be saved, the
-company sent for England, and the better
-sort to pay such reasonable ransom as their
-estate would bear, and in the mean season
-to be free from galley or imprisonment.
-To this he so much the rather condescended
-as well as I have said, for fear of further<span class="pagenum" id="Page_93">93</span>
-loss and mischief to themselves, as also for
-the desire he had to recover Sir Richard
-Grenville; whom for his notable valour he
-seemed greatly to honour and admire.</p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_93" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_093.jpg" width="1749" height="795" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p>When this answer was returned, and that
-safety of life was promised, the common
-sort being now at the end of their peril,
-the most drew back from Sir Richard and
-the master Gunner, being no hard matter
-to dissuade men from death to life. The
-master Gunner finding himself and Sir
-Richard thus prevented and mastered by
-the greater number, would have slain himself
-with a sword, had he not been by force
-withheld and locked into his cabin. Then</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_94">94</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_94" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_094.jpg" width="1771" height="818" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">the General sent many boats aboard the
-<i>Revenge</i>, and divers of our men, fearing Sir
-Richard’s disposition, stole away aboard
-the General and other ships. Sir Richard
-thus overmatched, was sent unto by Alfonso
-Bassan to remove out of the <i>Revenge</i>, the
-ship being marvellous unsavoury, filled
-with blood and bodies of dead and wounded
-men like a slaughter-house. Sir Richard
-answered that he might do with his body
-what he list, for he esteemed it not, and
-as he was carried out of the ship he swooned,
-and reviving again desired the company to
-pray for him. The General used Sir Richard</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_95">95</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_95" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 36em;">
-  <img src="images/i_095.jpg" width="1745" height="1101" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">with all humanity, and left nothing unattempted
-that tended to his recovery, highly
-commending his valour and worthiness,
-and greatly bewailed the danger wherein
-he was, being unto them a rare spectacle,
-and a resolution seldom approved, to see
-one ship turn toward so many enemies,
-to endure the charge and boarding of so
-many huge armadas, and to resist and repel
-the assaults and entries of so many soldiers.
-All which and more, is confirmed by a
-Spanish captain of the same armada, and<span class="pagenum" id="Page_96">96</span>
-a present actor in the fight, who being
-severed from the rest in a storm, was by
-the <i>Lyon</i> of London a small ship, taken
-and is now prisoner in London.</p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_96" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_096.jpg" width="1757" height="840" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p>The general commander of the Armada,
-was Don Alfonso Bassan, brother to the
-Marquesse of Santa Cruce. The Admiral
-of the <i xml:lang="es" lang="es">Biscaine</i> squadron was Britan
-Dona. Of the squadron of <i xml:lang="es" lang="es">Seville</i>, Marques
-of Arumburch. The Hulkes and Flyboats
-were commanded by Luis Cutino. There
-were slain and drowned in this fight, well
-near two thousand of the enemies, and
-two especial commanders Don Luis de</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_97">97</span></p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_99">99</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_99" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 45em;">
-  <img src="images/i_098a.jpg" width="1652" height="1145" alt="" />
-  <div class="caption">THE GALLEON FAIR</div></div>
-
-<p>St John, and Don George de Prunaria
-de Malaga, as the Spanish Captain confesseth,
-besides divers others of special
-account, whereof as yet report is not
-made.</p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_99b" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_099.jpg" width="1775" height="966" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p>The Admiral of the Hulks and the <i xml:lang="es" lang="es">Ascension</i>
-of <i xml:lang="es" lang="es">Seville</i>, were both sunk by the
-side of the <i>Revenge</i>; one other recovered
-the road of Saint Michael’s, and sunk also
-there; a fourth ran herself with the shore
-to save her men. Sir Richard died as it is
-said, the second or third day aboard the
-General, and was by them greatly bewailed.
-What became of his body, whether</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_100">100</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_100" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_100.jpg" width="1775" height="809" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">it were buried in the sea or on the land
-we know not: the comfort that remaineth
-to his friends is, that he hath ended his
-life honourably in respect of the reputation
-won to his nation and country, and of the
-fame to his posterity, and that being dead,
-he hath not outlived his own honour.</p>
-
-<p>For the rest of Her Majesty’s ships that
-entered not so far into the fight as the
-<i>Revenge</i>, the reasons and causes were
-these. There were of them but six in all,
-whereof two but small ships; the <i>Revenge</i>
-engaged past recovery: The Island of
-Flores was on the one side, 53 sail of the
-Spanish, divided into squadrons on the</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_101">101</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_101" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_101.jpg" width="1758" height="920" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">other, all as full filled with soldiers as they
-could contain. Almost the one half of our
-men sick and not able to serve: the ships
-grown foul, unrummaged, and scarcely
-able to bear any sail for want of ballast,
-having been six months at the sea before.
-If all the rest had entered, all had been
-lost. For the very hugeness of the Spanish
-fleet, if no other violence had been offered,
-would have crushed them between them
-into shivers. Of which the dishonour and
-loss to the Queen had been far greater
-than the spoil or harm that the enemy</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_102">102</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_102" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_102.jpg" width="1758" height="879" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">could any way have received. Notwithstanding
-it is very true, that the Lord
-Thomas would have entered between
-the squadrons, but the rest would not
-condescend; and the master of his
-own ship offered to leap into the sea,
-rather than to conduct that Her Majesty’s
-ship and the rest to be a prey to the
-enemy, where there was no hope nor
-possibility either of defence or victory.
-Which also in my opinion had ill sorted
-or answered the discretion and trust of a
-General, to commit himself and his charge
-to an assured destruction, without hope<span class="pagenum" id="Page_103">103</span>
-or any likelihood of prevailing: thereby
-to diminish the strength of Her Majesty’s
-Navy, and to enrich the pride and glory
-of the enemy. The <i>Foresight</i> of the Queen,
-commanded by Thomas Vavasour, performed
-a very great fight, and stayed two
-hours as near the <i>Revenge</i> as the weather
-would permit him, not forsaking the fight,
-till he was like to be encompassed by the
-squadrons, and with great difficulty
-cleared himself. The rest gave divers volleys
-of shot, and entered as far as the place
-permitted and their own necessities, to
-keep the weather gauge of the enemy,
-until they were parted by night.</p>
-
-<div id="ip_103" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 17em;">
-  <img src="images/i_103.jpg" width="794" height="755" alt="" /></div>
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_104">104</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_104" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_104.jpg" width="1750" height="1100" alt="" /></div>
-</div>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_105">105</span></p>
-
-<div>
-  <img class="drop-cap" src="images/i_104dc.jpg" width="587" height="585" alt="A" />
-</div>
-
-<p class="drop-cap a"><span class="smcap large">A few</span> days after the fight
-was ended, and the English
-prisoners dispersed into
-the Spanish and India ships,
-there arose so great a storm
-from the west and north-west, that all
-the fleet was dispersed, as well the Indian
-fleet which were then come unto them</p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_105b" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 45em;">
-  <img src="images/i_106a.jpg" width="1640" height="1113" alt="" />
-  <div class="caption">A CAPTURED GALLEON</div></div>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_107">107</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_107" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_107.jpg" width="1776" height="897" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">as the rest of the Armada that attended
-their arrival, of which fourteen sail together
-with the <i>Revenge</i>, and in her 200
-Spaniards, were cast away upon the Isle of
-S. Michael’s. So it pleased them to honour
-the burial of that renowned ship the <i>Revenge</i>,
-not suffering her to perish alone,
-for the great honour she achieved in her
-life time. On the rest of the islands there
-were cast away in this storm fifteen or sixteen
-more of the ships of war; and of a
-hundred and odd sail of the India fleet
-expected this year in Spain, what in this
-tempest and what before in the Bay of</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_108">108</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_108" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_108.jpg" width="1771" height="762" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">Mexico, and about the Bermudas, there
-were seventy and odd consumed and lost,
-with those taken by our ships of London,
-besides one very rich Indian ship, which
-set herself on fire, being boarded by the
-<i>Pilgrim</i>, and five other taken by Master
-Wats his ships of London, between the
-Havana and Cape S. Antonio. The 4th
-of this month of November we received
-letters from the Tercera affirming that
-there are 3,000 bodies of men remaining
-in that island, saved out of the perished
-ships; and that by the Spaniards own confession
-there are 10,000 cast away in this
-storm, besides those that are perished</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_109">109</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_109" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_109.jpg" width="1761" height="996" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">between the islands and the main. Thus it hath
-pleased God to fight for us, and to defend
-the justice of our cause against the ambitious
-and bloody pretences of the Spaniard,
-who, seeking to devour all nations, are
-themselves devoured. A manifest testimony
-how injust and displeasing their attempts
-are in the sight of God, who hath pleased
-to witness by the success of their affairs
-His mislike of their bloody and injurious
-designs, purposed and practised against
-all Christian princes, over whom they seek
-unlawful and ungodly rule and Empery.</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_110">110</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_110" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_110.jpg" width="1767" height="907" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">One day or two before this wreck happened
-to the Spanish fleet, when as some of
-our prisoners desired to be set on shore
-upon the islands, hoping to be from thence
-transported into England, which liberty
-was formerly by the General promised:
-One Maurice Fitz John, son of old John
-of Desmond a notable traitor, cousin german
-to the late Earl of Desmond, was sent
-to the English from ship to ship, to persuade
-them to serve the King of Spain.
-The arguments he used to induce them
-were these. The increase of pay which he
-promised to be trebled: advancement to</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_111">111</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_111" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_111.jpg" width="1769" height="815" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">the better sort: and the exercise of the
-true Catholic religion, and safety of their
-souls to all. For the first, even the beggarly
-and unnatural behaviour of those English
-and Irish rebels, that served the king
-in that present action, was sufficient to
-answer that first argument of rich pay.
-For so poor and beggarly they were, as
-for want of apparel they stripped their
-poor country men prisoners out of their
-ragged garments, worn to nothing by six
-months’ service, and spared not to despoil
-them even of their bloody shirts, from
-their wounded bodies, and the very shoes
-from their feet; a notable testimony of their</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_112">112</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_112" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 36em;">
-  <img src="images/i_112.jpg" width="1739" height="753" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">rich entertainment and great wages. The
-second reason was hope of advancement
-if they served well and would continue
-faithful to the king. But what man can be
-so blockishly ignorant ever to expect place
-or honour from a foreign king, having no
-argument or persuasion than his own disloyalty;
-to be unnatural to his own country
-that bred him; to his parents that begat
-him, and rebellious to his true prince, to
-whose obedience he is bound by oath, by
-nature, and by religion. No, they are only
-assured to be employed in all desperate
-enterprises, to be held in scorn and disdain
-ever among those whom they serve.</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_113">113</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_113" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_113.jpg" width="1785" height="864" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">And that ever traitor was either trusted
-or advanced I could never yet read, neither
-can I at this time remember any example.
-And no man could have less become the
-place of an orator for such a purpose than
-this Maurice of Desmond. For the Earl
-his cousin being one of the greatest subjects
-in that kingdom of Ireland, having
-almost whole countries in his possession,
-so many goodly manors, castles and lordships;
-the Count Palatine of Kerry, 500
-gentlemen of his own name and family
-to follow him, besides others. All which
-he possessed in peace for three or four</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_114">114</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_114" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_114.jpg" width="1758" height="842" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">hundred years, was in less than three
-years after his adhering to the Spaniards
-and rebellion, beaten from all his holds,
-not so many as ten gentlemen of his name
-left living, himself taken and beheaded by
-a soldier of his own nation, and his land
-given by a Parliament to Her Majesty and
-possessed by the English. His other cousin
-Sir John of Desmond taken by Mr. John
-Zouch, and his body hanged over the
-gates of his native city to be devoured by
-ravens; the third brother Sir James hanged,
-drawn and quartered in the same place.
-If he had withall vaunted of this success</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_115">115</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_115" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 36em;">
-  <img src="images/i_115.jpg" width="1744" height="797" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">of his own house, no doubt the argument
-would have moved much and wrought
-great effect; which because he for that
-present forgot, I thought it good to remember
-in his behalf. For matter of religion
-it would require a particular volume
-if I should set down how irreligiously they
-cover their greedy and ambitious pretences
-with that veil of piety. But sure I am, that
-there is no kingdom or commonwealth in
-all Europe, but if they be reformed, they
-then invade it for religion sake; if it be
-as they term Catholic they pretend title,
-as if the Kings of Castile were the natural
-heirs of all the world; and so between both,</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_116">116</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_116" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_116.jpg" width="1784" height="778" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">no kingdom is unsought. Where they dare
-not with their own forces to invade, they
-basely entertain the traitors and vagabonds
-of all nations, seeking by those and by their
-runagate Jesuits to win parties, and have
-by that means ruined many noble houses
-and others in this land, and have extinguished
-both their lives and families. What good,
-honour or fortune ever man yet by them
-achieved is yet unheard of or unwritten.
-And if our English Papists do but look
-into Portugal, against whom they have
-no pretence of religion, how the nobility
-are put to death, imprisoned, their rich
-men made a prey, and all sorts of people</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_117">117</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_117" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_117.jpg" width="1780" height="978" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">captived, they shall find that the obedience
-even of the Turk is easy and a liberty, in respect
-of the slavery and tyranny of Spain.
-What they have done in Sicily, in Naples,
-Milan and in the Low Countries; who hath
-there been spared for religion at all? And
-it cometh to my remembrance of a certain
-burgher of Antwerp, whose house being
-entered by a company of Spanish soldiers,
-when they first sacked the city, he besought
-them to spare him and his goods,
-being a good Catholic and one of their
-own party and faction. The Spaniards</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_118">118</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_118" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_118.jpg" width="1783" height="819" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">answered that they knew him to be of a good
-conscience for himself, but his money,
-plate, jewels and goods were all heretical,
-and therefore good prize. So they
-abused and tormented the foolish Fleming,
-who hoped that an <i xml:lang="la" lang="la">Agnus Dei</i> had
-been a sufficient target against all force
-of that holy and charitable nation. Neither
-have they at any time as they protest invaded
-the kingdoms of the Indies and
-Peru, and elsewhere, but only led thereunto,
-rather, to reduce the people to
-Christianity, than for either gold or empery.
-When as in one only island called</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_119">119</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_119" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_119.jpg" width="1760" height="917" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">Hispaniola, they have wasted thirty hundred
-thousand of the natural people, besides
-many millions else in other places
-of the Indies: a poor and harmless people
-created of God, and might have been won
-to His knowledge, as many of them were,
-and almost as many as ever were persuaded
-thereunto. The story whereof is
-at large written by a Bishop of their own
-nation called Bartholome de las Casas,
-and translated into English and many
-other languages, entitled The Spanish
-Cruelties. Who would therefore repose
-trust in such a nation of ravenous strangers,</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_120">120</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_120" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_120.jpg" width="1778" height="904" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">and especially in those Spaniards which
-more greedily thirst after English blood,
-than after the lives of any other people
-of Europe; for the many overthrows and
-dishonours they have received at our
-hands, whose weakness we have discovered
-to the world, and whose forces
-at home, abroad, in Europe, in India, by
-sea and land, we have even with handfuls
-of men and ships, overthrown and
-dishonoured. Let not therefore any Englishman
-of what religion soever, have other
-opinion of the Spaniards, but that those
-whom he seeketh to win of our nation,</p>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_121">121</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_121" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_121.jpg" width="1774" height="901" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="samepara">he esteemeth base and traitorous, unworthy
-persons, or unconstant fools: and
-that he useth his pretence of religion for
-no other purpose but to bewitch us from
-the obedience of our natural prince; thereby
-hoping in time to bring us to slavery
-and subjection, and then none shall be
-unto them so odious, and disdained as
-the traitors themselves, who have sold
-their country to a stranger, and forsaken
-their faith and obedience contrary to nature
-or religion; and contrary to that
-human and general honour, not only of
-Christians, but of heathen and irreligious<span class="pagenum" id="Page_122">122</span>
-nations, who have always sustained what
-labour soever, and embraced even death
-itself, for their country, prince or commonwealth.
-To conclude, it hath ever to
-this day pleased God to prosper and defend
-her Majesty, to break the purposes of
-malicious enemies, of foresworn traitors,
-and of unjust practices and invasions. She
-hath ever been honoured of the worthiest
-Kings, served by faithful subjects, and
-shall by the favour of God, resist, repel,
-and confound all whatsoever attempts
-against her sacred person or kingdom.
-In the meantime, let the Spaniard and
-traitor vaunt of their success; and we
-her true and obedient vassals guided by
-the shining light of her virtues, shall always
-love her, serve her, and obey her
-to the end of our lives.</p>
-
-<p class="p1 center larger">FINIS</p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop"/>
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_123">123</span></p>
-
-<p class="drop-capt a larger wspace"><span class="smcap1">A</span> PARTICULAR NOTE OF THE
-INDIAN FLEET, EXPECTED
-TO HAVE COME INTO SPAIN THIS
-PRESENT YEAR OF 1591, WITH
-THE NUMBER OF SHIPS THAT
-PERISHED OF THE SAME; ACCORDING
-TO THE EXAMINATION
-OF CERTAIN SPANIARDS,
-LATELY TAKEN AND BROUGHT
-INTO ENGLAND BY THE SHIPS
-OF LONDON</p>
-</div>
-
-<div id="ip_123" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 5em;">
-  <img src="images/i_123.jpg" width="317" height="299" alt="" /></div>
-
-<div class="chapter">
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_125">125</span></p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_125" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_125.jpg" width="1773" height="1262" alt="" /></div>
-</div>
-
-<p><span class="pagenum" id="Page_126">126</span></p>
-
-<div>
-  <img class="drop-cap" src="images/i_125dc.jpg" width="577" height="562" alt="T" />
-</div>
-
-<p class="drop-cap t"><span class="smcap large">The</span> fleet of Nova Hispania,
-at their first gathering together
-and setting forth,
-were 52 sails. The Admiral
-was of 600 tons, and the
-Vice-Admiral of the same burden. Four
-or five of the ships were of 900 and 1000
-tons a piece, some 500 and 400, and the
-least of 200 tons. Of this fleet 19 were cast
-away, and in them 2600 men by estimation,
-which was done along the coast of
-Nova Hispania, so that of the same fleet,
-there came to the Havana, but three and
-thirty sails.</p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_126b" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_126.jpg" width="1779" height="821" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="in0">The fleet of Terra Firma, were at their
-first departure from Spain, 50 sails, which
-were bound for Nombre de Dios, where
-they did discharge their lading, and thence
-returned to Cartagena, for their healths
-sake, until the time the treasure was ready
-they should take in, at the said Nombre
-de Dios. But before this fleet departed,
-some were gone by one or two at a time,<span class="pagenum" id="Page_127">127</span>
-so that only 23 sails of this fleet arrived in
-the Havana.</p>
-
-<table id="tfleet" summary="fleet of Terra Firma">
-<tr>
-  <td class="tdl mid" rowspan="4">At the Havana there met</td>
-  <td class="tdl">{  33 sails of Nova Hispania.</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-  <td class="tdl">{  23 sails of Terra Firma.</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-  <td class="tdl">{  12 sails of San Domingo.</td>
-</tr>
-<tr>
-  <td class="tdl">{  9 sails of Hunduras.</td>
-</tr>
-</table>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_127" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_127.jpg" width="1767" height="998" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="in0">In the whole 77 ships, which joined and
-set sail together, at the Havana, the 17th of
-July, according to our account, and kept
-together until they came into the height of
-35 degrees, which was about the tenth of
-August, where they found the wind at
-south west, changed suddenly to the north,
-so that the sea coming out of the south<span class="pagenum" id="Page_128">128</span>
-west, and the wind very violent at north,
-they were put all into great extremity, and
-then first lost the General of their fleet,
-with 500 men in her; and within three or
-four days after another storm rising, there
-were five or six other of the biggest ships
-cast away with all their men, together with
-their Vice-Admiral.</p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_128" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 37em;">
-  <img src="images/i_128.jpg" width="1770" height="889" alt="" /></div>
-
-<p class="in0">And in the height of 48 degrees about the
-end of August, grew another great storm,
-in which all the fleet saving 48 sails were
-cast away: which 48 sails kept together,
-until they came in sight of the Islands of
-Coruo and Flores, about the 5th or 6th of<span class="pagenum" id="Page_129">129</span>
-September, at which time a great storm
-separated them; of which number 15 or 16
-were after seen by these Spaniards to ride at
-anchor under the Tercera; and twelve or
-fourteen more to bear with the Island of
-S. Michael’s; what became of them after
-that these Spaniards were taken, cannot
-yet be certified; their opinion is, that very
-few of the fleet are escaped, but are either
-drowned or taken. And it is otherwise of
-late certified, that of this whole fleet that
-should have come into Spain this year,
-being 123 sail, there are as yet arrived but
-25. This note was taken out of the examination
-of certain Spaniards, that were
-brought into England by six of the ships
-of London, which took seven of the above
-named Indian fleet, near the Islands of
-Azores.</p>
-
-<p class="p1 center larger">FINIS</p>
-
-<hr class="pagetop" />
-
-<div id="ip_129" class="figcenter" style="max-width: 17em;">
-  <img src="images/i_130.jpg" width="800" height="1071" alt="" />
-  <div class="captionl"><p class="in0 larger">“It may be
-truly said
-that the commandment
-of
-the sea is an
-abridgement
-or a quintessence
-of a
-universal
-monarchy.”</p>
-</div>
-
-<p class="sigright">
-Francis Bacon.</p>
-</div>
-
-<p class="p2 center smaller"><i>Letchworth: At the Arden Press.</i></p>
-
-<div class="chapter"><div class="transnote">
-<h2 class="nobreak" id="Transcribers_Notes">Transcriber’s Notes</h2>
-
-<p>Punctuation, hyphenation, and spelling were made
-consistent when a predominant preference was found
-in the original book; otherwise they were not changed.</p>
-
-<p>Simple typographical errors were corrected; unbalanced
-quotation marks were remedied when the change was
-obvious, and otherwise left unbalanced.</p>
-
-<p>The larger illustrations have been positioned
-at the tops of the pages on which they originally
-appeared, even when that placed them in the
-middle of sentences or paragraphs. This was done
-to simulate the appearance of the original
-book: every page contained at least one
-illustration at the top or bottom, while many
-paragraphs and some sentences were more than
-one page in length.</p>
-
-<p>The black-and-white illustrations were printed
-with thick, coarse lines and irregular borders.
-That appearance has been retained in this eBook.</p>
-</div></div>
-
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