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| author | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 05:15:30 -0700 |
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| committer | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 05:15:30 -0700 |
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diff --git a/667-0.txt b/667-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4ef3c6d --- /dev/null +++ b/667-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,41294 @@ +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 667 *** +Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary + +Version published 1913 + +by the C. & G. Merriam Co. +Springfield, Mass. +Under the direction of +Noah Porter, D.D., LL.D. + + + + + R. + +R (är). R, the eighteenth letter of the English alphabet, is a vocal +consonant. It is sometimes called a semivowel, and a liquid. See Guide +to Pronunciation, §§ 178, 179, and 250-254. "R is the dog's letter and +hurreth in the sound." B. Jonson. + +In words derived from the Greek language the letter h is generally +written after r to represent the aspirated sound of the Greek "r, but +does not affect the pronunciation of the English word, as rhapsody, +rhetoric. + +The English letter derives its form from the Greek through the Latin, +the Greek letter being derived from the Phœnician, which, it is +believed, is ultimately of Egyptian origin. Etymologically, R is most +closely related to l, s, and n; as in bandore, mandole; purple, L. +purpura; E. chapter, F. chapitre, L. capitulum; E. was, were; hare, G. +hase; E. order, F. ordre, L. ordo, ordinis; E. coffer, coffin. + +The three Rs, a jocose expression for reading, (w)riting, and +(a)rithmetic, -- the fundamentals of an education. + +Ra (rä), n. A roe; a deer. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Ra-. A prefix, from the Latin re and ad combined, coming to us through +the French and Italian. See Re-, and Ad-. + +Raash (räsh), n. [Cf. Ar. ra'ash trembling, tremor.] (Zoöl.) The +electric catfish. [Written also raasch.] + +Rab (rb), n. A rod or stick used by masons in mixing hair with mortar. + +Rab"at (rb"t), n. [See Rabot.] A polishing material made of potter's +clay that has failed in baking. + +Ra*bate" (r*bt"), v. t. [F. rabattre to beat down; pref. re- + abattre. +See Abate, and cf. Rebate, v.] (Falconry) To recover to the fist, as a +hawk. [Obs.] + +Rab"a*tine (rb"*tn), n. [See Rabato.] A collar or cape. [Obs.] Sir W. +Scott. + +Ra*ba"to (r*b"t), n. [F. rabat, fr. rabattre. See Rabate.] A kind of +ruff for the neck; a turned-down collar; a rebato. [Obs.] Shak. + +Rab*bate" (rb*bt"), v. t. [See Rabate.] To abate or diminish. [Obs.] -- +n. Abatement. [Obs.] + +Rab"bet (rb"bt), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rabbeted; p. pr. & vb. n. +Rabbeting.] [F. raboter to plane, plane down,rabot a plane; pref. re- +re- + OF. abouter, aboter. See Abut, and cf. Rebut.] 1. To cut a rabbet +in; to furnish with a rabbet. + +2. To unite the edges of, as boards, etc., in a rabbet joint. + +Rab"bet, n. [See Rabbet, v., and cf. Rebate, n.] + +1. (Carp.) A longitudinal channel, groove, or recess cut out of the +edge or face of any body; especially, one intended to receive another +member, so as to break or cover the joint, or more easily to hold the +members in place; thus, the groove cut for a panel, for a pane of +glass, or for a door, is a rabbet, or rebate. + +2. Same as Rabbet joint, below. + +Rabbet joint (Carp.), a joint formed by fitting together rabbeted +boards or timbers; -- called also rabbet. -- Rabbet plane, a joiner's +plane for cutting a rabbet. Moxon. + +Rab"bi (rb"b or -b; 277), n.; pl. Rabbis (-bz or -bz) or Rabbies. [L., +fr. Gr. "rabbi`, Heb. rab my master, from rab master, lord, teacher, +akin to Ar. rabb.] Master; lord; teacher; -- a Jewish title of respect +or honor for a teacher or doctor of the law. "The gravest rabbies." +Milton. + + Be not ye called Rabbi, for one is your Master, even Christ, and + all ye are brethren. + + +Matt. xxiii. 8. + +Rab"bin (rb"bn), n. [F.] Same as Rabbi. + +{ Rab*bin"ic (rb*bn"k), Rab*bin"ic*al (-*kal), } a. [Cf. F. +rabbinique.] Of or pertaining to the rabbins or rabbis, or pertaining +to the opinions, learning, or language of the rabbins. "Comments staler +than rabbinic." Lowell. + + We will not buy your rabbinical fumes. + + +Milton. + +Rab*bin"ic (rb*bn"k), n. The language or dialect of the rabbins; the +later Hebrew. + +Rab*bin"ic*al*ly, adv. In a rabbinical manner; after the manner of the +rabbins. + +Rab"bin*ism (rb"bn*z'm), n. [Cf. F. rabbinisme.] 1. A rabbinic +expression or phraseology; a peculiarity of the language of the +rabbins. + +2. The teachings and traditions of the rabbins. + +Rab"bin*ist, n. [Cf. F. rabbiniste.] One among the Jews who adhered to +the Talmud and the traditions of the rabbins, in opposition to the +Karaites, who rejected the traditions. + +Rab"bin*ite (-t), n. Same as Rabbinist. + +Rab"bit (rb"bt), n. [OE. rabet, akin to OD. robbe, robbeken.] (Zoöl.) +Any of the smaller species of the genus Lepus, especially the common +European species (Lepus cuniculus), which is often kept as a pet, and +has been introduced into many countries. It is remarkably prolific, and +has become a pest in some parts of Australia and New Zealand. + +The common American rabbit (L. sylvatica) is similar but smaller. See +Cottontail, and Jack rabbit, under 2d Jack. The larger species of Lepus +are commonly called hares. See Hare. + +Angora rabbit (Zoöl.), a variety of the domestic rabbit having long, +soft fur. -- Rabbit burrow, a hole in the earth made by rabbits for +shelter and habitation. -- Rabbit fish. (Zoöl.) (a) The northern +chimæra (Chimæra monstrosa). (b) Any one of several species of +plectognath fishes, as the bur fish, and puffer. The term is also +locally applied to other fishes. -- Rabbits' ears. (Bot.) See Cyclamen. +-- Rabbit warren, a piece of ground appropriated to the breeding and +preservation of rabbits. Wright. -- Rock rabbit. (Zoöl.) See Daman, and +Klipdas. -- Welsh rabbit, a dish of which the chief constituents are +toasted bread and toasted cheese, prepared in various ways. The name is +said to be a corruption of Welsh rare bit, but perhaps it is merely a +humorous designation. + +Rab"bit*ing, n. The hunting of rabbits. T. Hughes. + +Rab"bit*ry (-r), n. A place where rabbits are kept; especially, a +collection of hutches for tame rabbits. + +Rab"ble (rb"b'l), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Iron Manuf.) An iron bar, +with the end bent, used in stirring or skimming molten iron in the +process of puddling. + +Rab"ble, v. t. To stir or skim with a rabble, as molten iron. + +Rab"ble, v. i. [Akin to D. rabbelen, Prov. G. rabbeln, to prattle, to +chatter: cf. L. rabula a brawling advocate, a pettifogger, fr. rabere +to rave. Cf. Rage.] To speak in a confused manner. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] + +Rab"ble, n. [Probably named from the noise made by it (see Rabble, v. +i.); cf. D. rapalje rabble, OF. & Prov. F. rapaille.] 1. A tumultuous +crowd of vulgar, noisy people; a mob; a confused, disorderly throng. + + I saw, I say, come out of London, even unto the presence of the + prince, a great rabble of mean and light persons. + + +Ascham. + + Jupiter, Mercury, Bacchus, Venus, Mars, and the whole rabble of + licentious deities. + + +Bp. Warburton. + +2. A confused, incoherent discourse; a medley of voices; a chatter. + +The rabble, the lowest class of people, without reference to an +assembly; the dregs of the people. "The rabble call him ‘lord.'" Shak. + +Rab"ble, a. Of or pertaining to a rabble; like, or suited to, a rabble; +disorderly; vulgar. [R.] Dryden. + +Rab"ble, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rabbled (-b'ld); p. pr. & vb. n. Rabbling +(-blng).] 1. To insult, or assault, by a mob; to mob; as, to rabble a +curate. Macaulay. + + The bishops' carriages were stopped and the prelates themselves + rabbled on their way to the house. + + +J. R. Green. + +2. To utter glibly and incoherently; to mouth without intelligence. +[Obs. or Scot.] Foxe. + +3. To rumple; to crumple. [Scot.] + +Rab"ble*ment (rb"b'l*ment), n. A tumultuous crowd of low people; a +rabble. "Rude rablement." Spenser. + + And still, as he refused it, the rabblement hooted. + + +Shak. + +Rab"bler (-blr), n. [See 2d Rabble.] (Mech.) A scraping tool for +smoothing metal. + +Rab"ble-rout` (-b'l-rout`), n. A tumultuous crowd; a rabble; a noisy +throng. + +Rab*doid"al (rb*doid"al), a. [Gr. "ra`bdos a rod + -oid + - al.] +(Anat.) See Sagittal. [Written also rhabdoidal.] + +Rab*dol"o*gy (-dl"*j), n. [Gr. "ra`bdos rod, stick + - logy: cf. F. +rabdologie.] The method or art of performing arithmetical operations by +means of Napier's bones. See Napier's bones. [Written also rhabdology.] + +Rab"do*man`cy (rb"d*mn`s), n. [Gr. "ra`bdos rod + -mancy.] Divination +by means of rods or wands. [Written also rhabdomancy.] Sir T. Browne. + +Rab"id (rb"d), a. [L. rabidus, from rabere to rave. See Rage, n.] 1. +Furious; raging; extremely violent. + + The rabid flight Of winds that ruin ships. + + +Chapman. + +2. Extreme, unreasonable, or fanatical in opinion; excessively zealous; +as, a rabid socialist. + +3. Affected with the distemper called rabies; mad; as, a rabid dog or +fox. + +4. (Med.) Of or pertaining to rabies, or hydrophobia; as, rabid virus. + +Ra*bid"i*ty (r*bd"*t), n. Rabidness; furiousness. + +Rab"id*ly (rb"d*l), adv. In a rabid manner; with extreme violence. + +Rab"id*ness, n. The quality or state of being rabid. + +||Ra"bi*es (r"b*z), n. [L. See Rage, n.] Same as Hydrophobia (b); +||canine madness. + +Rab"i*net (rb"*nt), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Mil.) A kind of small +ordnance formerly in use. [Written also rabanet.] Ainsworth. + +Ra"bi*ous (r"b*s), a. Fierce. [Obs.] Daniel. + +Ra"bot (r"bt), n. [F.] A rubber of hard wood used in smoothing marble +to be polished. Knight. + +||Ra"ca (r"k), a. [Gr. "raka`, from Chaldee rk.] A term of reproach +||used by the Jews of our Savior's time, meaning "worthless." + + Whosoever shall say to his brother, Raca, shall be in danger of the + council. + + +Matt. v. 22. + +||Ra`ca`hout" (r`k`"), n. [F. racahout, probably fr. Ar. rqaut.] A +||preparation from acorns used by the Arabs as a substitute for +||chocolate, and also as a beverage for invalids. + +Rac*coon" (rk*kn"), n. [F. raton, prop., a little rat, fr. rat rat, +perhaps of German origin. See Rat.] (Zoöl.) A North American nocturnal +carnivore (Procyon lotor) allied to the bears, but much smaller, and +having a long, full tail, banded with black and gray. Its body is gray, +varied with black and white. Called also coon, and mapach. + +Raccoon dog (Zoöl.), the tanate. -- Raccoon fox (Zoöl.), the cacomixle. + +Race (rs), v. t. To raze. [Obs.] Spenser. + +<! p. 1182 pr=vmg !> + +Race (rs), n. [OF. raïz, L. radix, -icis. See Radix.] A root. "A race +or two of ginger." Shak. + +Race ginger, ginger in the root, or not pulverized. + +Race, n. [F. race; cf. Pr. & Sp. raza, It. razza; all from OHG. reiza +line, akin to E. write. See Write.] + +1. The descendants of a common ancestor; a family, tribe, people, or +nation, believed or presumed to belong to the same stock; a lineage; a +breed. + + The whole race of mankind. + + +Shak. + + Whence the long race of Alban fathers come. + + +Dryden. + +Naturalists and ethnographers divide mankind into several distinct +varieties, or races. Cuvier refers them all to three, Pritchard +enumerates seven, Agassiz eight, Pickering describes eleven. One of the +common classifications is that of Blumenbach, who makes five races: the +Caucasian, or white race, to which belong the greater part of the +European nations and those of Western Asia; the Mongolian, or yellow +race, occupying Tartary, China, Japan, etc.; the Ethiopian, or negro +race, occupying most of Africa (except the north), Australia, Papua, +and other Pacific Islands; the American, or red race, comprising the +Indians of North and South America; and the Malayan, or brown race, +which occupies the islands of the Indian Archipelago, etc. Many recent +writers classify the Malay and American races as branches of the +Mongolian. See Illustration in Appendix. + +2. Company; herd; breed. + + For do but note a wild and wanton herd, Or race of youthful and + unhandled colts, Fetching mad bounds. + + +Shak. + +3. (Bot.) A variety of such fixed character that it may be propagated +by seed. + +4. Peculiar flavor, taste, or strength, as of wine; that quality, or +assemblage of qualities, which indicates origin or kind, as in wine; +hence, characteristic flavor; smack. "A race of heaven." Shak. + + Is it [the wine] of the right race ? + + +Massinger. + +5. Hence, characteristic quality or disposition. [Obs.] + + And now I give my sensual race the rein. + + +Shak. + + Some . . . great race of fancy or judgment. + + +Sir W. Temple. + +Syn. -- Lineage; line; family; house; breed; offspring; progeny; issue. + +Race, n. [OE. ras, res, rees, AS. rs a rush, running; akin to Icel. rs +course, race. √118.] 1. A progress; a course; a movement or +progression. + +2. Esp., swift progress; rapid course; a running. + + The flight of many birds is swifter than the race of any beasts. + + +Bacon. + +3. Hence: The act or process of running in competition; a contest of +speed in any way, as in running, riding, driving, skating, rowing, +sailing; in the plural, usually, a meeting for contests in the running +of horses; as, he attended the races. + + The race is not to the swift. + + +Eccl. ix. 11. + + I wield the gauntlet, and I run the race. + + +Pope. + +4. Competitive action of any kind, especially when prolonged; hence, +career; course of life. + + My race of glory run, and race of shame. + + +Milton. + +5. A strong or rapid current of water, or the channel or passage for +such a current; a powerful current or heavy sea, sometimes produced by +the meeting of two tides; as, the Portland Race; the Race of Alderney. + +6. The current of water that turns a water wheel, or the channel in +which it flows; a mill race. + +The part of the channel above the wheel is sometimes called the +headrace, the part below, the tailrace. + +7. (Mach.) A channel or guide along which a shuttle is driven back and +forth, as in a loom, sewing machine, etc. + +Race cloth, a cloth worn by horses in racing, having pockets to hold +the weights prescribed. -- Race course. (a) The path, generally +circular or elliptical, over which a race is run. (b) Same as Race way, +below. -- Race cup, a cup given as a prize to the victor in a race. -- +Race glass, a kind of field glass. -- Race horse. (a) A horse that runs +in competition; specifically, a horse bred or kept for running races. +(b) A breed of horses remarkable for swiftness in running. (c) (Zoöl.) +The steamer duck. (d) (Zoöl.) A mantis. -- Race knife, a cutting tool +with a blade that is hooked at the point, for marking outlines, on +boards or metals, as by a pattern, -- used in shipbuilding. -- Race +saddle, a light saddle used in racing. -- Race track. Same as Race +course (a), above. -- Race way, the canal for the current that drives a +water wheel. + +Race, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Raced (rst); p. pr. & vb. n. Racing (r"sng).] +1. To run swiftly; to contend in a race; as, the animals raced over the +ground; the ships raced from port to port. + +2. (Steam Mach.) To run too fast at times, as a marine engine or screw, +when the screw is lifted out of water by the action of a heavy sea. + +Race, v. t. 1. To cause to contend in a race; to drive at high speed; +as, to race horses. + +2. To run a race with. + +Ra*ce"mate (r*s"mt), n. (Chem.) A salt of racemic acid. + +Rac`e*ma"tion (rs`*m"shn), n. [L. racematio a gleaning, fr. racemari to +glean, racemus a cluster of grapes. See Raceme.] 1. A cluster or bunch, +as of grapes. Sir T. Browne. + +2. Cultivation or gathering of clusters of grapes. [R.] Bp. Burnet. + +Ra*ceme" (r*sm"; 277), n. [L. racemus a bunch of berries, a cluster of +grapes. See Raisin.] (Bot.) A flower cluster with an elongated axis and +many one-flowered lateral pedicels, as in the currant and chokecherry. + +Compound raceme, one having the lower pedicels developed into secondary +racemes. + +Ra*cemed" (r*smd"), a. (Bot.) Arranged in a raceme, or in racemes. + +Ra*ce"mic (r*s"mk), a. [Cf. F. racémique. See Raceme.] (Chem.) +Pertaining to, or designating, an acid found in many kinds of grapes. +It is also obtained from tartaric acid, with which it is isomeric, and +from sugar, gum, etc., by oxidation. It is a sour white crystalline +substance, consisting of a combination of dextrorotatory and +levorotatory tartaric acids. Gregory. + +Rac`e*mif"er*ous (rs`*mf"r*s), a. [L. racemifer bearing clusters; +racemus cluster + ferre to bear: cf. F. racémifère.] (Bot.) Bearing +racemes, as the currant. + +Ra*cem"i*form (r*sm"*fôrm), a. Having the form of a raceme. Gray. + +Rac"e*mose` (rs"*ms`), a. [L. racemosus full of clusters.] Resembling a +raceme; growing in the form of a raceme; as, (Bot.) racemose berries or +flowers; (Anat.) the racemose glands, in which the ducts are branched +and clustered like a raceme. Gray. + +Rac"e*mous (rs"*ms or r*s"-; 277), a. [Cf. F. racémeux.] See Racemose. + +Rac"e*mule (rs"*ml), n. (Bot.) A little raceme. + +Ra*cem"u*lose` (r*sm"*ls`), a. (Bot.) Growing in very small racemes. + +Ra"cer (r"sr), n. 1. One who, or that which, races, or contends in a +race; esp., a race horse. + + And bade the nimblest racer seize the prize. + + +Pope. + +2. (Zoöl.) The common American black snake. + +3. (Mil.) One of the circular iron or steel rails on which the chassis +of a heavy gun is turned. + +{ Rach, Rache (rch) }, n. [AS. ræcc; akin to Icel. rakki.] (Zoöl.) A +dog that pursued his prey by scent, as distinguished from the +greyhound. [Obs.] + +||Ra`chi*al"gi*a (r`k*l"j*), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "ra`chis backbone + +||'a`lgos pain.] (Med.) A painful affection of the spine; especially, +||Pott's disease; also, formerly, lead colic. + +Ra*chid"i*an (r*kd"*an), a. [See Rachis.] (Anat. & Zoöl.) Of or +pertaining to the rachis; spinal; vertebral. Same as Rhachidian. + +||Ra*chil"la (r*kl"l), n. [NL.] (Bot.) Same as Rhachilla. + +Ra"chi*o*dont (r"k**dnt), a. (Zoöl.) Same as Rhachiodont. + +||Ra"chis (r"ks), n.; pl. E. Rachises (-z), L. Rachides (rk"*dz). [NL., +||fr. Gr. "ra`chis, -ios.] [Written also rhachis.] 1. (Anat.) The +||spine; the vertebral column. + +2. (Bot. & Zoöl.) Same as Rhachis. + +Ra*chit"ic (r*kt"k), a. [Cf. F. rachitique. See Rachitis.] (Med.) Of or +pertaining to rachitis; affected by rachitis; rickety. + +||Ra*chi"tis (r*k"ts), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "rachi^tis (sc. nosos), fr. +||"ra`chis, -ios, the spine.] [Written also rhachitis.] 1. (Med.) +||Literally, inflammation of the spine, but commonly applied to the +||rickets. See Rickets. + +2. (Bot.) A disease which produces abortion in the fruit or seeds. +Henslow. + +Ra"chi*tome (r"k*tm), n. [F., fr. Gr. "ra`chis, - ios, the spine + +te`mnein to cut.] A dissecting instrument for opening the spinal canal. +[Written also rachiotome.] + +Ra"cial (r"shal), a. Of or pertaining to a race or family of men; as, +the racial complexion. + +Ra"ci*ly (r"s*l), adv. In a racy manner. + +Ra"ci*ness (r"s*ns), n. The quality of being racy; peculiar and piquant +flavor. + + The general characteristics of his [Cobbett's] style were + perspicuity, unequaled and inimitable; . . . a purity always + simple, and raciness often elegant. + + +London Times. + +Ra"cing (r"sng), a. & n. from Race, v. t. & i. + +Racing crab (Zoöl.), an ocypodian. + +Rack (rk), n. Same as Arrack. + +Rack, n. [AS. hracca neck, hinder part of the head; cf. AS. hraca +throat, G. rachen throat, E. retch.] The neck and spine of a fore +quarter of veal or mutton. + +Rack, n. [See Wreck.] A wreck; destruction. [Obs., except in a few +phrases.] + +Rack and ruin, destruction; utter ruin. [Colloq.] -- To go to rack, to +perish; to be destroyed. [Colloq.] "All goes to rack." Pepys. + +Rack, n. [Prob. fr. Icel. rek drift, motion, and akin to reka to drive, +and E. wrack, wreck. √282.] Thin, flying, broken clouds, or any +portion of floating vapor in the sky. Shak. + + The winds in the upper region, which move the clouds above, which + we call the rack, . . . pass without noise. + + +Bacon. + + And the night rack came rolling up. + + +C. Kingsley. + +Rack, v. i. To fly, as vapor or broken clouds. + +Rack, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Racked (rkt); p. pr. & vb. n. Racking.] [See +Rack that which stretches, or Rock, v.] To amble fast, causing a +rocking or swaying motion of the body; to pace; -- said of a horse. +Fuller. + +Rack, n. A fast amble. + +Rack, v. t. [Cf. OF. vin raqué wine squeezed from the dregs of the +grapes.] To draw off from the lees or sediment, as wine. + + It is in common practice to draw wine or beer from the lees (which + we call racking), whereby it will clarify much the sooner. + + +Bacon. + +Rack vintage, wine cleansed and drawn from the lees. Cowell. + +Rack, n. [Probably fr. D. rek, rekbank, a rack, rekken to stretch; akin +to G. reck, reckbank, a rack, recken to stretch, Dan. række, Sw. räcka, +Icel. rekja to spread out, Goth. refrakjan to stretch out; cf. L. +porrigere, Gr. 'ore`gein. √115. Cf. Right, a., Ratch.] 1. An +instrument or frame used for stretching, extending, retaining, or +displaying, something. Specifically: (a) An engine of torture, +consisting of a large frame, upon which the body was gradually +stretched until, sometimes, the joints were dislocated; -- formerly +used judicially for extorting confessions from criminals or suspected +persons. + + During the troubles of the fifteenth century, a rack was introduced + into the Tower, and was occasionally used under the plea of + political necessity. + + +Macaulay. + +(b) An instrument for bending a bow. (c) A grate on which bacon is +laid. (d) A frame or device of various construction for holding, and +preventing the waste of, hay, grain, etc., supplied to beasts. (e) A +frame on which articles are deposited for keeping or arranged for +display; as, a clothes rack; a bottle rack, etc. (f) (Naut.) A piece or +frame of wood, having several sheaves, through which the running +rigging passes; -- called also rack block. Also, a frame to hold shot. +(g) (Mining) A frame or table on which ores are separated or washed. +(h) A frame fitted to a wagon for carrying hay, straw, or grain on the +stalk, or other bulky loads. (i) A distaff. + +2. (Mech.) A bar with teeth on its face, or edge, to work with those of +a wheel, pinion, or worm, which is to drive it or be driven by it. + +3. That which is extorted; exaction. [Obs.] Sir E. Sandys. + +Mangle rack. (Mach.) See under Mangle, n. -- Rack block. (Naut.) See +def. 1 (f), above. -- Rack lashing, a lashing or binding where the rope +is tightened, and held tight by the use of a small stick of wood +twisted around. -- Rack rail (Railroads), a toothed rack, laid as a +rail, to afford a hold for teeth on the driving wheel of a locomotive +for climbing steep gradients, as in ascending a mountain. -- Rack saw, +a saw having wide teeth. -- Rack stick, the stick used in a rack +lashing. -- To be on the rack, to suffer torture, physical or mental. +-- To live at rack and manger, to live on the best at another's +expense. [Colloq.] -- To put to the rack, to subject to torture; to +torment. + + A fit of the stone puts a king to the rack, and makes him as + miserable as it does the meanest subject. + + +Sir W. Temple. + +Rack (rk), v. t. 1. To extend by the application of force; to stretch +or strain; specifically, to stretch on the rack or wheel; to torture by +an engine which strains the limbs and pulls the joints. + + He was racked and miserably tormented. + + +Foxe. + +2. To torment; to torture; to affect with extreme pain or anguish. + + Vaunting aloud but racked with deep despair. + + +Milton. + +3. To stretch or strain, in a figurative sense; hence, to harass, or +oppress by extortion. + + The landlords there shamefully rack their tenants. + + +Spenser. + + They [landlords] rack their rents an ace too high. + + +Gascoigne. + + Grant that I may never rack a Scripture simile beyond the true + intent thereof. + + +Fuller. + + Try what my credit can in Venice do; That shall be racked even to + the uttermost. + + +Shak. + +4. (Mining) To wash on a rack, as metals or ore. + +5. (Naut.) To bind together, as two ropes, with cross turns of yarn, +marline, etc. + +To rack one's brains or wits, to exert them to the utmost for the +purpose of accomplishing something. + +Syn. -- To torture; torment; rend; tear. + +Rack"a*bones` (rk"*bnz`), n. A very lean animal, esp. a horse. [Colloq. +U. S.] + +Rack"er (rk"r), n. 1. One who racks. + +2. A horse that has a racking gait. + +Rack"et (rk"t), n. [F. raquette; cf. Sp. raqueta, It. racchetta, which +is perhaps for retichetta, and fr. L. rete a net (cf. Reticule); or +perh. from the Arabic; cf. Ar. rha the palm of the hand (used at first +to strike the ball), and OF. rachette, rasquette, carpus, tarsus.] +[Written also racquet.] 1. A thin strip of wood, having the ends +brought together, forming a somewhat elliptical hoop, across which a +network of catgut or cord is stretched. It is furnished with a handle, +and is used for catching or striking a ball in tennis and similar +games. + + Each one [of the Indians] has a bat curved like a crosier, and + ending in a racket. + + +Bancroft. + +2. A variety of the game of tennis played with peculiar long-handled +rackets; -- chiefly in the plural. Chaucer. + +3. A snowshoe formed of cords stretched across a long and narrow frame +of light wood. [Canada] + +4. A broad wooden shoe or patten for a man or horse, to enable him to +step on marshy or soft ground. + +Racket court, a court for playing the game of rackets. + +Rack"et, v. t. To strike with, or as with, a racket. + + Poor man [is] racketed from one temptation to another. + + +Hewyt. + +Rack"et, n. [Gael. racaid a noise, disturbance.] + +1. Confused, clattering noise; din; noisy talk or sport. + +2. A carouse; any reckless dissipation. [Slang] + +Rack"et, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Racketed; p. pr. & vb. n. Racketing.] 1. +To make a confused noise or racket. + +2. To engage in noisy sport; to frolic. Sterne. + +3. To carouse or engage in dissipation. [Slang] + +Rack"et*er (-r), n. One who makes, or engages in, a racket. + +Rack"ett (-t), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Mus.) An old wind instrument of +the double bassoon kind, having ventages but not keys. + +Rack"et-tail` (-tl`), n. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of humming +birds of the genus Steganura, having two of the tail feathers very long +and racket-shaped. + +Rack"et-tailed` (-tld`), a. (Zoöl.) Having long and spatulate, or +racket-shaped, tail feathers. + +Rack"et*y (-), a. Making a tumultuous noise. + +Rack"ing, n. (Naut.) Spun yarn used in racking ropes. + +Rack"-rent` (-rnt`), n. A rent of the full annual value of the +tenement, or near it; an excessive or unreasonably high rent. +Blackstone. + +Rack"-rent`, v. t. To subject to rack-rent, as a farm or tenant. + +Rack"-rent`er (-r), n. 1. One who is subjected to paying rack- rent. + +2. One who exacts rack-rent. + +<! p. 1183 pr=vmg !> + +Rack"tail` (rk"tl`), n. (Horol.) An arm attached to a swinging notched +arc or rack, to let off the striking mechanism of a repeating clock. + +Rack"work` (-wûrk`), n. Any mechanism having a rack, as a rack and +pinion. + +Ra"cle (rä"k'l), a. See Rakel. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Ra"cle*ness, n. See Rakelness. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +||Ra`con`teur" (r`kôN`tr"), n. [F.] A relater; a storyteller. + +||Ra*coon"da (r*kn"d), n. [From a native name.] (Zoöl.) The coypu. + +Ra*co"vi*an (r*k"v*an), n. [From Racow.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect of +Socinians or Unitarians in Poland. + +Rac"quet (rk"kt), n. See Racket. + +Ra"cy (r"s), a. [Compar. Racier (-s*r); superl. Raciest.] [From Race a +tribe, family.] 1. Having a strong flavor indicating origin; of +distinct characteristic taste; tasting of the soil; hence, fresh; rich. + + The racy wine, Late from the mellowing cask restored to light. + + +Pope. + +2. Hence: Exciting to the mental taste by a strong or distinctive +character of thought or language; peculiar and piquant; fresh and +lively. + + Our raciest, most idiomatic popular words. + + +M. Arnold. + + Burns's English, though not so racy as his Scotch, is generally + correct. + + +H. Coleridge. + + The rich and racy humor of a natural converser fresh from the plow. + + +Prof. Wilson. + +Syn. -- Spicy; spirited; lively; smart; piquant. -- Racy, Spicy. Racy +refers primarily to that peculiar flavor which certain wines are +supposed to derive from the soil in which the grapes were grown; and +hence we call a style or production racy when it "smacks of the soil," +or has an uncommon degree of natural freshness and distinctiveness of +thought and language. Spicy, when applied to style, has reference to a +spirit and pungency added by art, seasoning the matter like a +condiment. It does not, like racy, suggest native peculiarity. A spicy +article in a magazine; a spicy retort. Racy in conversation; a racy +remark. + + Rich, racy verses, in which we The soil from which they come, + taste, smell, and see. + + +Cowley. + +Rad (rd), obs. imp. & p. p. of Read, Rede. Spenser. + +Rad"de (rd"de), obs. imp. of Read, Rede. Chaucer. + +Rad"dle (rd"d'l), n. [Cf. G. räder, rädel, sieve, or perhaps E. reed.] +1. A long, flexible stick, rod, or branch, which is interwoven with +others, between upright posts or stakes, in making a kind of hedge or +fence. + +2. A hedge or fence made with raddles; -- called also raddle hedge. +Todd. + +3. An instrument consisting of a wooden bar, with a row of upright pegs +set in it, used by domestic weavers to keep the warp of a proper width, +and prevent tangling when it is wound upon the beam of the loom. + +Rad"dle, v. t. To interweave or twist together. + + Raddling or working it up like basket work. + + +De Foe. + +Rad"dle, n. [Cf. Ruddle.] A red pigment used in marking sheep, and in +some mechanical processes; ruddle. "A raddle of rouge." Thackeray. + +Rad"dle, v. t. To mark or paint with, or as with, raddle. "Whitened and +raddled old women." Thackeray. + +Rad"dock (-dk), n. (Zoöl.) The ruddock. [Prov. Eng.] + +Rade (rd), n. A raid. [Scot.] + +||Ra`deau" (r`d"), n. [F.] A float; a raft. + + Three vessels under sail, and one at anchor, above Split Rock, and + behind it the radeau Thunderer. + + +W. Irving. + +Ra"di*al (r"d*al), a. [Cf. F. radial. See Radius.] Of or pertaining to +a radius or ray; consisting of, or like, radii or rays; radiated; as, +(Bot.) radial projections; (Zoöl.) radial vessels or canals; (Anat.) +the radial artery. + +Radial symmetry. (Biol.) See under Symmetry. + +||Ra`di*a"le (r`d*"l), n.; pl. Radialia (- l*) [NL. See Radial.] 1. +||(Anat.) The bone or cartilage of the carpus which articulates with +||the radius and corresponds to the scaphoid bone in man. + +2. pl. (Zoöl.) Radial plates in the calyx of a crinoid. + +Ra"di*al*ly (r"d*al*l), adv. In a radial manner. + +Ra"di*an (-an), n. [From Radius.] (Math.) An arc of a circle which is +equal to the radius, or the angle measured by such an arc. + +{ Ra"di*ance (-ans), Ra"di*an*cy (- an*s), } n. The quality of being +radiant; brilliancy; effulgence; vivid brightness; as, the radiance of +the sun. + + Girt with omnipotence, with radiance crowned. + + +Milton. + + What radiancy of glory, What light beyond compare ! + + +Neale. + +Syn. -- Luster; brilliancy; splendor; glare; glitter. + +Ra"di*ant (-ant), a. [L. radians, -antis, p. pr. of radiare to emit +rays or beams, fr. radius ray: cf. F. radiant. See Radius, Ray a +divergent line.] 1. Emitting or proceeding as from a center; resembling +rays; radiating; radiate. + +2. Especially, emitting or darting rays of light or heat; issuing in +beams or rays; beaming with brightness; emitting a vivid light or +splendor; as, the radiant sun. + + Mark what radiant state she spreads. + + +Milton. + +3. Beaming with vivacity and happiness; as, a radiant face. + +4. (Her.) Giving off rays; -- said of a bearing; as, the sun radiant; a +crown radiant. + +5. (Bot.) Having a raylike appearance, as the large marginal flowers of +certain umbelliferous plants; -- said also of the cluster which has +such marginal flowers. + +Radiant energy (Physics), energy given out or transmitted by radiation, +as in the case of light and radiant heat. -- Radiant heat, heat +proceeding in right lines, or directly from the heated body, after the +manner of light, in distinction from heat conducted or carried by +intervening media. -- Radiant point. (Astron.) See Radiant, n., 3. + +Ra"di*ant, n. 1. (Opt.) The luminous point or object from which light +emanates; also, a body radiating light brightly. + +2. (Geom.) A straight line proceeding from a given point, or fixed +pole, about which it is conceived to revolve. + +3. (Astron.) The point in the heavens at which the apparent paths of +shooting stars meet, when traced backward, or whence they appear to +radiate. + +Ra"di*ant*ly (r"d*ant*l), adv. In a radiant manner; with glittering +splendor. + +Ra"di*a*ry (-*r), n. [Cf. F. radiaire.] (Zoöl.) A radiate. [Obs.] + +||Ra`di*a"ta (-"t), n. pl. [NL., fr. radiatus, p. p. See Radiate.] +||(Zoöl.) An extensive artificial group of invertebrates, having all +||the parts arranged radially around the vertical axis of the body, and +||the various organs repeated symmetrically in each ray or spheromere. + +It includes the cœlenterates and the echinoderms. Formerly, the group +was supposed to be a natural one, and was considered one of the grand +divisions of the animal kingdom. + +Ra"di*ate (r"d*t), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Radiated (- `td); p. pr. & vb. +n. Radiating.] [L. radiatus, p. p. of radiare to furnish with spokes or +rays, to radiate, fr. radius ray. See Radius, Ray a divergent line.] 1. +To emit rays; to be radiant; to shine. + + Virtues shine more clear In them [kings], and radiate like the sun + at noon. + + +Howell. + +2. To proceed in direct lines from a point or surface; to issue in +rays, as light or heat. + + Light radiates from luminous bodies directly to our eyes. + + +Locke. + +Ra"di*ate, v. t. 1. To emit or send out in direct lines from a point or +points; as, to radiate heat. + +2. To enlighten; to illuminate; to shed light or brightness on; to +irradiate. [R.] + +Ra"di*ate (-t), a. [L. radiatus, p. p.] 1. Having rays or parts +diverging from a center; radiated; as, a radiate crystal. + +2. (Bot.) Having in a capitulum large ray florets which are unlike the +disk florets, as in the aster, daisy, etc. + +3. (Zoöl.) Belonging to the Radiata. + +Ra"di*ate, n. (Zoöl.) One of the Radiata. + +Ra"di*a`ted (-`td), a. 1. Emitted, or sent forth, in rays or direct +lines; as, radiated heat. + +2. Formed of, or arranged like, rays or radii; having parts or markings +diverging, like radii, from a common center or axis; as, a radiated +structure; a radiated group of crystals. + +3. (Zoöl.) Belonging to the Radiata. + +Ra"di*ate*ly (-t*l), adv. In a radiate manner; with radiation or +divergence from a center. + +Ra"di*ate-veined` (-vnd`), a. (Bot.) Having the principal veins +radiating, or diverging, from the apex of the petiole; -- said of such +leaves as those of the grapevine, most maples, and the castor-oil +plant. + +Ra`di*at"i*form (-t"*fôrm), a. (Bot.) Having the marginal florets +enlarged and radiating but not ligulate, as in the capitula or heads of +the cornflower. Gray. + +Ra`di*a"tion (-"shn), n. [L. radiatio: cf. F. radiation.] 1. The act of +radiating, or the state of being radiated; emission and diffusion of +rays of light; beamy brightness. + +2. The shooting forth of anything from a point or surface, like the +diverging rays of light; as, the radiation of heat. + +Ra"di*a*tive (r"d**tv), a. Capable of radiating; acting by radiation. +Tyndall. + +Ra"di*a`tor (-`tr), n. That which radiates or emits rays, whether of +light or heat; especially, that part of a heating apparatus from which +the heat is radiated or diffused; as, a steam radiator. + +Rad"i*cal (rd"*kal), a. [F., fr. L. radicalis having roots, fr. radix, +-icis, a root. See Radix.] 1. Of or pertaining to the root; proceeding +directly from the root. + +2. Hence: Of or pertaining to the root or origin; reaching to the +center, to the foundation, to the ultimate sources, to the principles, +or the like; original; fundamental; thorough-going; unsparing; extreme; +as, radical evils; radical reform; a radical party. + + The most determined exertions of that authority, against them, only + showed their radical independence. + + +Burke. + +3. (Bot.) (a) Belonging to, or proceeding from, the root of a plant; +as, radical tubers or hairs. (b) Proceeding from a rootlike stem, or +one which does not rise above the ground; as, the radical leaves of the +dandelion and the sidesaddle flower. + +4. (Philol.) Relating, or belonging, to the root, or ultimate source of +derivation; as, a radical verbal form. + +5. (Math.) Of or pertaining to a radix or root; as, a radical quantity; +a radical sign. See below. + +Radical axis of two circles. (Geom.) See under Axis. -- Radical pitch, +the pitch or tone with which the utterance of a syllable begins. Rush. +-- Radical quantity (Alg.), a quantity to which the radical sign is +prefixed; specifically, a quantity which is not a perfect power of the +degree indicated by the radical sign; a surd. -- Radical sign (Math.), +the sign √ (originally the letter r, the initial of radix, root), +placed before any quantity, denoting that its root is to be extracted; +thus, √a, or √(a + b). To indicate any other than the +square root, a corresponding figure is placed over the sign; thus, a, +indicates the third or cube root of a. -- Radical stress (Elocution), +force of utterance falling on the initial part of a syllable or sound. +-- Radical vessels (Anat.), minute vessels which originate in the +substance of the tissues. + +Syn. -- Primitive; original; natural; underived; fundamental; entire. +-- Radical, Entire. These words are frequently employed as +interchangeable in describing some marked alteration in the condition +of things. There is, however, an obvious difference between them. A +radical cure, reform, etc., is one which goes to the root of the thing +in question; and it is entire, in the sense that, by affecting the +root, it affects in an appropriate degree the entire body nourished by +the root; but it may not be entire in the sense of making a change +complete in its nature, as well as in its extent. Hence, we speak of a +radical change; a radical improvement; radical differences of opinion; +while an entire change, an entire improvement, an entire difference of +opinion, might indicate more than was actually intended. A certain +change may be both radical and entire, in every sense. + +Rad"i*cal (rd"*kal), n. 1. (Philol.) (a) A primitive word; a radix, +root, or simple, underived, uncompounded word; an etymon. (b) A +primitive letter; a letter that belongs to the radix. + + The words we at present make use of, and understand only by common + agreement, assume a new air and life in the understanding, when you + trace them to their radicals, where you find every word strongly + stamped with nature; full of energy, meaning, character, painting, + and poetry. + + +Cleland. + +2. (Politics) One who advocates radical changes in government or social +institutions, especially such changes as are intended to level class +inequalities; -- opposed to conservative. + + In politics they [the Independents] were, to use the phrase of + their own time, "Root-and-Branch men," or, to use the kindred + phrase of our own, Radicals. + + +Macaulay. + +3. (Chem.) (a) A characteristic, essential, and fundamental constituent +of any compound; hence, sometimes, an atom. + + As a general rule, the metallic atoms are basic radicals, while the + nonmetallic atoms are acid radicals. + + +J. P. Cooke. + +(b) Specifically, a group of two or more atoms, not completely +saturated, which are so linked that their union implies certain +properties, and are conveniently regarded as playing the part of a +single atom; a residue; -- called also a compound radical. Cf. Residue. + +4. (Alg.) A radical quantity. See under Radical, a. + + An indicated root of a perfect power of the degree indicated is not + a radical but a rational quantity under a radical form. + + +Davies & Peck (Math. Dict.) + +5. (Anat.) A radical vessel. See under Radical, a. + +Rad"i*cal*ism (-z'm), n. [Cf. F. radicalisme.] The quality or state of +being radical; specifically, the doctrines or principles of radicals in +politics or social reform. + + Radicalism means root work; the uprooting of all falsehoods and + abuses. + + +F. W. Robertson. + +Rad`i*cal"i*ty (-kl"*t), n. 1. Germinal principle; source; origination. +[Obs.] Sir T. Browne. + +2. Radicalness; relation to a root in essential nature or principle. + +Rad"i*cal*ly (rd"*kal*l), adv. 1. In a radical manner; at, or from, the +origin or root; fundamentally; as, a scheme or system radically wrong +or defective. + +2. Without derivation; primitively; essentially. [R.] + + These great orbs thus radically bright. + + +Prior. + +Rad"i*cal*ness, n. Quality or state of being radical. + +Rad"i*cant (-kant), a. [L. radicans, p. pr.: cf. F. radicant. See +Radicate, a.] (Bot.) Taking root on, or above, the ground; rooting from +the stem, as the trumpet creeper and the ivy. + +Rad"i*cate (-kt), a. [L. radicatus, p. p. of radicari to take root, fr. +radix. See Radix.] Radicated. + +Rad"i*cate (-kt), v. i. To take root; to become rooted. Evelyn. + +Rad"i*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Radicated (-k`td); p. pr. & vb. n. +Radicating.] To cause to take root; to plant deeply and firmly; to +root. + + Time should . . . rather confirm and radicate in us the remembrance + of God's goodness. + + +Barrow. + +Rad"i*ca`ted (-k`td), a. Rooted; specifically: (a) (Bot.) Having roots, +or possessing a well-developed root. (b) (Zoöl.) Having rootlike organs +for attachment. + +Rad`i*ca"tion (-k"shn), n. [Cf. F. radication.] 1. The process of +taking root, or state of being rooted; as, the radication of habits. + +2. (Bot.) The disposition of the roots of a plant. + +Rad"i*cel (rd"*sl), n. [Dim. of radix.] (Bot.) A small branch of a +root; a rootlet. + +Ra*dic`i*flo"rous (r*ds`*fl"rs), a. [L. radix, -icis, root + flos, +floris, a flower.] (Bot.) Rhizanthous. + +Ra*dic"i*form (r*ds"*fôm), a. (Bot.) Having the nature or appearance of +a radix or root. + +Rad"i*cle (rd"*k'l), n. [L. radicula, dim. of radix, -icis, root: cf. +F. radicule. See Radix.] (Bot.) (a) The rudimentary stem of a plant +which supports the cotyledons in the seed, and from which the root is +developed downward; the stem of the embryo; the caulicle. (b) A +rootlet; a radicel. + +Ra*dic"u*lar (r*dk"*lr), a. Of or pertaining to roots, or the root of a +plant. + +Rad"i*cule (rd"*kl), n. (Bot.) A radicle. + +Ra*dic"u*lose` (r*dk"*ls`), a. (Bot.) Producing numerous radicles, or +rootlets. + +Ra"di*i (r"d*), n., pl. of Radius. + +Ra"di*o- (r"d*-). A combining form indicating connection with, or +relation to, a radius or ray; specifically (Anat.), with the radius of +the forearm; as, radio-ulnar, radio- muscular, radio-carpal. + +||Ra`di*o-flag`el*la"ta (- flj`l*l"t), n. pl. [NL. See Radiate, and +||Flagellata.] (Zoöl.) A group of Protozoa having both flagella and +||pseudopodia. + +Ra"di*o*graph (r"d**grf), n. [Radio- + -graph.] (Phys.) A picture +produced by the Röntgen rays upon a sensitive surface, photographic or +fluorescent, especially a picture of opaque objects traversed by the +rays. + +<! p. 1184 pr=vmg !> + +||Ra`di*o*la"ri*a (r`d**l"r*), n. pl. [NL. See Radioli.] (Zoöl.) Order +||of rhizopods, usually having a siliceous skeleton, or shell, and +||sometimes radiating spicules. The pseudopodia project from the body +||like rays. It includes the polycystines. See Polycystina. + +Ra`di*o*la"ri*an (r`d**l"r*an), a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the +Radiolaria. -- n. One of the Radiolaria. + +||Ra*di"o*li (r*d"*l), n. pl.; sing. Radiolus (-ls). [NL., dim. of L. +||radius radius: cf. L. radiolus a feeble sunbeam.] (Zoöl.) The barbs +||of the radii of a feather; barbules. + +Ra"di*o*lite (r"d**lt), n. [L. radius ray + -lite: cf. F. radiolithe.] +(Paleon.) A hippurite. + +Ra`di*om"e*ter (-m"*tr), n. [L. radius radius + -meter: cf. F. +radiomètre.] 1. (Naut.) A forestaff. + +2. (Physics) An instrument designed for measuring the mechanical effect +of radiant energy. + +It consists of a number of light disks, blackened on one side, placed +at the ends of extended arms, supported on a pivot in an exhausted +glass vessel. When exposed to rays of light or heat, the arms rotate. + +Ra`di*o*mi*crom"e*ter (- *m*krm"*tr), n. [Radio- + micrometer.] +(Physics) A very sensitive modification or application of the +thermopile, used for indicating minute changes of radiant heat, or +temperature. + +Ra"di*o*phone (r"d**fn), n. [Radio- + Gr. fwnh` sound.] (Physics) An +apparatus for the production of sound by the action of luminous or +thermal rays. It is essentially the same as the photophone. + +Ra`di*oph"o*ny (-f"*n), n. (Physics) The art or practice of using the +radiophone. + +Ra"di*ous (r"d*s), a. [L. radiosus.] 1. Consisting of rays, as light. +[R.] Berkeley. + +2. Radiating; radiant. [Obs.] G. Fletcher. + +Rad"ish (rd"sh), n. [F. radis; cf. It. radice, Pr. raditz; all fr. L. +radix, -icis, a root, an edible root, especially a radish, akin to E. +wort. See Wort, and cf. Eradicate, Race a root, Radix.] (Bot.) The +pungent fleshy root of a well-known cruciferous plant (Raphanus +sativus); also, the whole plant. + +Radish fly (Zoöl.), a small two- winged fly (Anthomyia raphani) whose +larvæ burrow in radishes. It resembles the onion fly. -- Rat-tailed +radish (Bot.), an herb (Raphanus caudatus) having a long, slender pod, +which is sometimes eaten. -- Wild radish (Bot.), the jointed charlock. + +Ra"di*us (r"d*s), n.; pl. L. Radii (- ); E. Radiuses (-s*z). [L., a +staff, rod, spoke of a wheel, radius, ray. See Ray a divergent line.] +1. (Geom.) A right line drawn or extending from the center of a circle +to the periphery; the semidiameter of a circle or sphere. + +2. (Anat.) The preaxial bone of the forearm, or brachium, corresponding +to the tibia of the hind limb. See Illust. of Artiodactyla. + +The radius is on the same side of the limb as the thumb, or pollex, and +in man it is so articulated that its lower end is capable of partial +rotation about the ulna. + +3. (Bot.) A ray, or outer floret, of the capitulum of such plants as +the sunflower and the daisy. See Ray, 2. + +4. pl. (Zoöl.) (a) The barbs of a perfect feather. (b) Radiating +organs, or color-markings, of the radiates. + +5. The movable limb of a sextant or other angular instrument. Knight. + +Radius bar (Mach.), a bar pivoted at one end, about which it swings, +and having its other end attached to a piece which it causes to move in +a circular arc. -- Radius of curvature. See under Curvature. + +||Ra"di*us vec"tor (vk"tr). 1. (Math.) A straight line (or the length +||of such line) connecting any point, as of a curve, with a fixed +||point, or pole, round which the straight line turns, and to which it +||serves to refer the successive points of a curve, in a system of +||polar coördinates. See Coördinate, n. + +2. (Astron.) An ideal straight line joining the center of an attracting +body with that of a body describing an orbit around it, as a line +joining the sun and a planet or comet, or a planet and its satellite. + +Ra"dix (r"dks), n.; pl. L. Radices (rd"*sz), E. Radixes (r"dks*z). [L. +radix, -icis, root. See Radish.] 1. (Philol.) A primitive word, from +which spring other words; a radical; a root; an etymon. + +2. (Math.) (a) A number or quantity which is arbitrarily made the +fundamental number of any system; a base. Thus, 10 is the radix, or +base, of the common system of logarithms, and also of the decimal +system of numeration. (b) (Alg.) A finite expression, from which a +series is derived. [R.] Hutton. + +3. (Bot.) The root of a plant. + +||Rad"u*la (rd"*l), n.; pl. Radulæ (- l). [L., a scraper, fr. radere to +||scrape.] (Zoöl.) The chitinous ribbon bearing the teeth of mollusks; +||-- called also lingual ribbon, and tongue. See Odontophore. + +Ra*du"li*form (r*d"l*fôrm), a. [L. radula a scraper + -form.] Rasplike; +as, raduliform teeth. + +Raff (rf), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Raffed (rft); p. pr. & vb. n. Raffing.] +[OF. raffer, of German origin; cf. G. raffen; akin to E. rap to snatch. +See Rap, and cf. Riffraff, Rip to tear.] To sweep, snatch, draw, or +huddle together; to take by a promiscuous sweep. [Obs.] + + Causes and effects which I thus raff up together. + + +Carew. + +Raff, n. 1. A promiscuous heap; a jumble; a large quantity; lumber; +refuse. "A raff of errors." Barrow. + +2. The sweepings of society; the rabble; the mob; -- chiefly used in +the compound or duplicate, riffraff. + +3. A low fellow; a churl. + +Raff merchant, a dealer in lumber and odd refuse. [Prov. Eng.] + +Raf`fa*el*esque" (rf`f*l*sk"), a. Raphaelesque. + +Raf"fi*a (rf"f*), n. (Bot.) A fibrous material used for tying plants, +said to come from the leaves of a palm tree of the genus Raphia. J. +Smith (Dict. Econ. Plants). + +Raf"fi*nose` (rf"f*ns`), n. [F. raffiner to refine.] (Chem.) A +colorless crystalline slightly sweet substance obtained from the +molasses of the sugar beet. + +Raff"ish (rf"sh), a. Resembling, or having the character of, raff, or a +raff; worthless; low. + + A sad, raffish, disreputable character. + + +Thackeray. + +Raf"fle (rf"f'l), n. [F. rafle; faire rafle to sweep stakes, fr. rafler +to carry or sweep away, rafler tout to sweep stakes; of German origin; +cf. G. raffeln to snatch up, to rake. See Raff, v.] 1. A kind of +lottery, in which several persons pay, in shares, the value of +something put up as a stake, and then determine by chance (as by +casting dice) which one of them shall become the sole possessor. + +2. A game of dice in which he who threw three alike won all the stakes. +[Obs.] Cotgrave. + +Raf"fle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Raffled (-f'ld); p. pr. & vb. n. Raffling +(-flng).] To engage in a raffle; as, to raffle for a watch. + +Raf"fle, v. t. To dispose of by means of a raffle; -- often followed by +off; as, to raffle off a horse. + +Raf"fler (rf"flr), n. One who raffles. + +||Raf*fle"si*a (rf*fl"zh*), n. [NL. Named from its discoverer, Sir S. +||Raffles.] (Bot.) A genus of stemless, leafless plants, living +||parasitically upon the roots and stems of grapevines in Malaysia. The +||flowers have a carrionlike odor, and are very large, in one species +||(Rafflesia Arnoldi) having a diameter of two or three feet. + +Raft (rft), obs. imp. & p. p. of Reave. Spenser. + +Raft, n. [Originally, a rafter, spar, and fr. Icel. raptr a rafter; +akin to Dan. raft, Prov. G. raff a rafter, spar; cf. OHG. rfo, rvo, a +beam, rafter, Icel. rf roof. Cf. Rafter, n.] 1. A collection of logs, +boards, pieces of timber, or the like, fastened together, either for +their own collective conveyance on the water, or to serve as a support +in conveying other things; a float. + +2. A collection of logs, fallen trees, etc. (such as is formed in some +Western rivers of the United States), which obstructs navigation. +[U.S.] + +3. [Perhaps akin to raff a heap.] A large collection of people or +things taken indiscriminately. [Slang, U. S.] "A whole raft of folks." +W. D. Howells. + +Raft bridge. (a) A bridge whose points of support are rafts. (b) A +bridge that consists of floating timbers fastened together. -- Raft +duck. [The name alludes to its swimming in dense flocks.] (Zoöl.) (a) +The bluebill, or greater scaup duck; -- called also flock duck. See +Scaup. (b) The redhead. -- Raft port (Naut.), a large, square port in a +vessel's side for loading or unloading timber or other bulky articles; +a timber or lumber port. + +Raft, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rafted; p. pr. & vb. n. Rafting.] To +transport on a raft, or in the form of a raft; to make into a raft; as, +to raft timber. + +Raf"te (rf"te), obs. imp. of Reave. Chaucer. + +Raft"er (rft"r), n. A raftsman. + +Raft"er, n. [AS. ræfter; akin to E. raft, n. See Raft.] (Arch.) +Originally, any rough and somewhat heavy piece of timber. Now, +commonly, one of the timbers of a roof which are put on sloping, +according to the inclination of the roof. See Illust. of Queen-post. + + [Courtesy] oft is sooner found in lowly sheds, With smoky rafters, + than in tapestry halls. + + +Milton. + +Raft"er, v. t. 1. To make into rafters, as timber. + +2. To furnish with rafters, as a house. + +3. (Agric.) To plow so as to turn the grass side of each furrow upon an +unplowed ridge; to ridge. [Eng.] + +Raft"ing, n. The business of making or managing rafts. + +Rafts"man (rfts"man), n.; pl. Raftsmen (-men). A man engaged in +rafting. + +Raf"ty (rf"t), a. [Perhaps akin to G. reif hoarfrost.] Damp; musty. +[Prov. Eng.] + +Rag (rg), v. t. [Cf. Icel. rægja to calumniate, OHG. ruogen to accuse, +G. rügen to censure, AS. wrgan, Goth. wrhjan to accuse.] To scold or +rail at; to rate; to tease; to torment; to banter. [Prov. Eng.] Pegge. + +Rag, n. [OE. ragge, probably of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. rögg a tuft, +shagginess, Sw. ragg rough hair. Cf. Rug, n.] 1. A piece of cloth torn +off; a tattered piece of cloth; a shred; a tatter; a fragment. + + Cowls, hoods, and habits, with their wearers, tossed. And fluttered + into rags. + + +Milton. + + Not having otherwise any rag of legality to cover the shame of + their cruelty. + + +Fuller. + +2. pl. Hence, mean or tattered attire; worn-out dress. + + And virtue, though in rags, will keep me warm. + + +Dryden. + +3. A shabby, beggarly fellow; a ragamuffin. + + The other zealous rag is the compositor. + + +B. Jonson. + + Upon the proclamation, they all came in, both tag and rag. + + +Spenser. + +4. (Geol.) A coarse kind of rock, somewhat cellular in texture. + +5. (Metal Working) A ragged edge. + +6. A sail, or any piece of canvas. [Nautical Slang] + + Our ship was a clipper with every rag set. + + +Lowell. + +Rag bolt, an iron pin with barbs on its shank to retain it in place. -- +Rag carpet, a carpet of which the weft consists of narrow strips of +cloth sewed together, end to end. -- Rag dust, fine particles of +ground-up rags, used in making papier-maché and wall papers. -- Rag +wheel. (a) A chain wheel; a sprocket wheel. (b) A polishing wheel made +of disks of cloth clamped together on a mandrel. -- Rag wool, wool +obtained by tearing woolen rags into fine bits; shoddy. + +Rag (rg), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ragged (rgd); p. pr. & vb. n. Ragging +(-gng).] To become tattered. [Obs.] + +Rag, v. t. 1. To break (ore) into lumps for sorting. + +2. To cut or dress roughly, as a grindstone. + +{ Rag"a*bash` (-*bsh`), Rag"a*brash` (-brsh`), } n. An idle, ragged +person. Nares. Grose. + +Rag`a*muf"fin (-mf"fn), n. [Cf. Ragamofin, the name of a demon in some +of the old mysteries.] 1. A paltry or disreputable fellow; a mean +wretch. Dryden. + +2. A person who wears ragged clothing. [Colloq.] + +3. (Zoöl.) The long-tailed titmouse. [Prov. Eng.] + +Rage (rj), n. [F., fr. L. rabies, fr. rabere to rave; cf. Skr. rabh to +seize, rabhas violence. Cf. Rabid, Rabies, Rave.] 1. Violent +excitement; eager passion; extreme vehemence of desire, emotion, or +suffering, mastering the will. "In great rage of pain." Bacon. + + He appeased the rage of hunger with some scraps of broken meat. + + +Macaulay. + + Convulsed with a rage of grief. + + +Hawthorne. + +2. Especially, anger accompanied with raving; overmastering wrath; +violent anger; fury. + + Torment, and loud lament, and furious rage. + + +Milton. + +3. A violent or raging wind. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +4. The subject of eager desire; that which is sought after, or +prosecuted, with unreasonable or excessive passion; as, to be all the +rage. + +Syn. -- Anger; vehemence; excitement; passion; fury. See Anger. + +Rage, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Raged (rjd); p. pr. & vb. n. Raging (r"jng).] +[OF. ragier. See Rage, n.] + +1. To be furious with anger; to be exasperated to fury; to be violently +agitated with passion. "Whereat he inly raged." Milton. + + When one so great begins to rage, he is hunted Even to falling. + + +Shak. + +2. To be violent and tumultuous; to be violently driven or agitated; to +act or move furiously; as, the raging sea or winds. + + Why do the heathen rage? + + +Ps. ii. 1. + + The madding wheels Of brazen chariots raged; dire was the noise. + + +Milton. + +3. To ravage; to prevail without restraint, or with destruction or +fatal effect; as, the plague raged in Cairo. + +4. To toy or act wantonly; to sport. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Syn. -- To storm; fret; chafe; fume. + +Rage, v. t. To enrage. [Obs.] Shak. + +Rage"ful (-fl), a. Full of rage; expressing rage. [Obs.] "Rageful +eyes." Sir P. Sidney. + +Ra"ger*y (r"jr*), n. Wantonness. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Rag"ged (rg"gd), a. [From Rag, n.] 1. Rent or worn into tatters, or +till the texture is broken; as, a ragged coat; a ragged sail. + +2. Broken with rough edges; having jags; uneven; rough; jagged; as, +ragged rocks. + +3. Hence, harsh and disagreeable to the ear; dissonant. [R.] "A ragged +noise of mirth." Herbert. + +4. Wearing tattered clothes; as, a ragged fellow. + +5. Rough; shaggy; rugged. + + What shepherd owns those ragged sheep? + + +Dryden. + +Ragged lady (Bot.), the fennel flower (Nigella Damascena). -- Ragged +robin (Bot.), a plant of the genus Lychnis (L. Flos- cuculi), +cultivated for its handsome flowers, which have the petals cut into +narrow lobes. -- Ragged sailor (Bot.), prince's feather (Polygonum +orientale). -- Ragged school, a free school for poor children, where +they are taught and in part fed; -- a name given at first because they +came in their common clothing. [Eng.] + +-- Rag"ged*ly, adv. -- Rag"ged*ness, n. + +{ Rag"gie (rg"g), or Rag"gy }, a. Ragged; rough. [Obs.] "A stony and +raggie hill." Holland. + +||Ragh`u*van"sa (rg`*vn"s), n. [Skr. Raguvaça.] A celebrated Sanskrit +||poem having for its subject the Raghu dynasty. + +Ra"ging (r"jng), a. & n. from Rage, v. i. -- Ra"ging*ly, adv. + +Ra"gious (r"js), a. Raging; furious; rageful. [Obs.] -- Ra"gious*ness, +n. [Obs.] + +Rag"lan (rg"lan), n. A loose overcoat with large sleeves; -- named from +Lord Raglan, an English general. + +Rag"man (-man), n.; pl. Ragmen (-men). A man who collects, or deals in, +rags. + +Rag"man, n. [See Ragman's roll.] A document having many names or +numerous seals, as a papal bull. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. + +Rag"man's roll` (-manz rl`). [For ragman roll a long list of names, the +devil's roll or list; where ragman is of Scand. origin; cf. Icel. +ragmenni a craven person, Sw. raggen the devil. Icel. ragmenni is fr. +ragr cowardly (another form of argr, akin to AS. earg cowardly, vile, +G. arg bad) + menni (in comp.) man, akin to E. man. See Roll, and cf. +Rigmarole.] The rolls of deeds on parchment in which the Scottish +nobility and gentry subscribed allegiance to Edward I. of England, A. +D. 1296. [Also written ragman- roll.] + +Ra*gout" (r*g"), n. [F. ragoût, fr. ragoûter to restore one's appetite, +fr. L. pref. re- re- + ad to + gustare to taste, gustus taste. See Gust +relish.] A dish made of pieces of meat, stewed, and highly seasoned; +as, a ragout of mutton. + +Rag"pick`er (rg"pk`r), n. One who gets a living by picking up rags and +refuse things in the streets. + +{ Ra*guled" (r*gld"), Rag*guled" (rg-), } a. [Cf. F. raguer to chafe, +fret, rub, or E. rag.] (Her.) Notched in regular diagonal breaks; -- +said of a line, or a bearing having such an edge. + +<! p. 1185 pr=vmg !> + +Rag"weed` (rg"wd`), n. (Bot.) A common American composite weed +(Ambrosia artemisiæfolia) with finely divided leaves; hogweed. + +Great ragweed, a coarse American herb (Ambrosia trifida), with rough +three-lobed opposite leaves. + +Rag"work` (-wûrk`), n. (Masonry) A kind of rubblework. In the United +States, any rubblework of thin and small stones. + +Rag"wort` (-wûrt`), n. (Bot.) A name given to several species of the +composite genus Senecio. + +Senecio aureus is the golden ragwort of the United States; S. elegans +is the purple ragwort of South Africa. + +||Ra"ia (r"y), n. [L., a ray. Cf. Ray the fish.] (Zoöl.) A genus of +||rays which includes the skates. See Skate. + +||Ra"iæ (r"y), n. pl. [NL. See Raia.] (Zoöl.) The order of elasmobranch +||fishes which includes the sawfishes, skates, and rays; -- called also +||Rajæ, and Rajii. + +Raid (rd), n. [Icel. reið a riding, raid; akin to E. road. See Road a +way.] 1. A hostile or predatory incursion; an inroad or incursion of +mounted men; a sudden and rapid invasion by a cavalry force; a foray. + + Marauding chief! his sole delight The moonlight raid, the morning + fight. + + +Sir W. Scott. + + There are permanent conquests, temporary occupations, and + occasional raids. + + +H. Spenser. + +A Scottish word which came into common use in the United States during +the Civil War, and was soon extended in its application. + +2. An attack or invasion for the purpose of making arrests, seizing +property, or plundering; as, a raid of the police upon a gambling +house; a raid of contractors on the public treasury. [Colloq. U. S.] + +Raid, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Raided; p. pr. & vb. n. Raiding.] To make a +raid upon or into; as, two regiments raided the border counties. + +Raid"er (-r), n. One who engages in a raid. [U.S.] + +Rail (rl), n. [OE. reil, reel, AS. hrægel, hrægl, a garment; akin to +OHG. hregil, OFries. hreil.] An outer cloak or covering; a neckerchief +for women. Fairholt. + +Rail, v. i. [Etymol. uncertain.] To flow forth; to roll out; to course. +[Obs.] + + Streams of tears from her fair eyes forth railing. + + +Spenser. + +Rail, n. [Akin to LG. & Sw. regel bar, bolt, G. riegel a rail, bar, or +bolt, OHG. rigil, rigel, bar, bolt, and possibly to E. row a line.] 1. +A bar of timber or metal, usually horizontal or nearly so, extending +from one post or support to another, as in fences, balustrades, +staircases, etc. + +2. (Arch.) A horizontal piece in a frame or paneling. See Illust. of +Style. + +3. (Railroad) A bar of steel or iron, forming part of the track on +which the wheels roll. It is usually shaped with reference to vertical +strength, and is held in place by chairs, splices, etc. + +4. (Naut.) (a) The stout, narrow plank that forms the top of the +bulwarks. (b) The light, fencelike structures of wood or metal at the +break of the deck, and elsewhere where such protection is needed. + +Rail fence. See under Fence. -- Rail guard. (a) A device attached to +the front of a locomotive on each side for clearing the rail of +obstructions. (b) A guard rail. See under Guard. -- Rail joint +(Railroad), a splice connecting the adjacent ends of rails, in +distinction from a chair, which is merely a seat. The two devices are +sometimes united. Among several hundred varieties, the fish joint is +standard. See Fish joint, under Fish. -- Rail train (Iron & Steel +Manuf.), a train of rolls in a rolling mill, for making rails for +railroads from blooms or billets. + +Rail, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Railed (rld); p. pr. & vb. n. Railing.] 1. To +inclose with rails or a railing. + + It ought to be fenced in and railed. + + +Ayliffe. + +2. To range in a line. [Obs.] + + They were brought to London all railed in ropes, like a team of + horses in a cart. + + +Bacon. + +Rail, n. [F. râle, fr. râler to have a rattling in the throat; of +German origin, and akin to E. rattle. See Rattle, v.] (Zoöl.) Any one +of numerous species of limicoline birds of the family Rallidæ, +especially those of the genus Rallus, and of closely allied genera. +They are prized as game birds. + +The common European water rail (Rallus aquaticus) is called also +bilcock, skitty coot, and brook runner. The best known American species +are the clapper rail, or salt-marsh hen (Rallus longirostris, var. +crepitans); the king, or red-breasted, rail (R. elegans) (called also +fresh-water marsh-hen); the lesser clapper, or Virginia, rail (R. +Virginianus); and the Carolina, or sora, rail (Porzana Carolina). See +Sora. + +Land rail (Zoöl.), the corncrake. + +Rail, v. i. [F. railler; cf. Sp. rallar to grate, scrape, molest; +perhaps fr. (assumed) LL. radiculare, fr. L. radere to scrape, grate. +Cf. Rally to banter, Rase.] To use insolent and reproachful language; +to utter reproaches; to scoff; -- followed by at or against, formerly +by on. Shak. + + And rail at arts he did not understand. + + +Dryden. + + Lesbia forever on me rails. + + +Swift. + +Rail (rl), v. t. 1. To rail at. [Obs.] Feltham. + +2. To move or influence by railing. [R.] + + Rail the seal from off my bond. + + +Shak. + +Rail"er (-r), n. One who rails; one who scoffs, insults, censures, or +reproaches with opprobrious language. + +Rail"ing, a. Expressing reproach; insulting. + + Angels, which are greater in power and might, bring not railing + accusation against them. + + +2 Pet. ii. 11. + +Rail"ing, n. 1. A barrier made of a rail or of rails. + +2. Rails in general; also, material for making rails. + +Rail"ing*ly, adv. With scoffing or insulting language. + +Rail"ler*y (rl"lr* or rl"-; 277), n. [F. raillerie, fr. railler. See +Rail to scoff.] Pleasantry or slight satire; banter; jesting language; +satirical merriment. + + Let raillery be without malice or heat. + + +B. Jonson. + + Studies employed on low objects; the very naming of them is + sufficient to turn them into raillery. + + +Addison. + +||Rail`leur" (r`lyr" or r`yr"), n. [F.] A banterer; a jester; a mocker. +||[R.] Wycherley. + +{ Rail"road` (rl"rd`), Rail"way` (- w`), } n. 1. A road or way +consisting of one or more parallel series of iron or steel rails, +patterned and adjusted to be tracks for the wheels of vehicles, and +suitably supported on a bed or substructure. + +The modern railroad is a development and adaptation of the older +tramway. + +2. The road, track, etc., with all the lands, buildings, rolling stock, +franchises, etc., pertaining to them and constituting one property; as, +a certain railroad has been put into the hands of a receiver. + +Railway is the commoner word in England; railroad the commoner word in +the United States. + +In the following and similar phrases railroad and railway are used +interchangeably: -- + +Atmospheric railway, Elevated railway, etc. See under Atmospheric, +Elevated, etc. -- Cable railway. See Cable road, under Cable. -- Ferry +railway, a submerged track on which an elevated platform runs, for +carrying a train of cars across a water course. -- Gravity railway, a +railway, in a hilly country, on which the cars run by gravity down +gentle slopes for long distances after having been hauled up steep +inclines to an elevated point by stationary engines. -- Railway brake, +a brake used in stopping railway cars or locomotives. -- Railway car, a +large, heavy vehicle with flanged wheels fitted for running on a +railway. [U.S.] -- Railway carriage, a railway passenger car. [Eng.] -- +Railway scale, a platform scale bearing a track which forms part of the +line of a railway, for weighing loaded cars. -- Railway slide. See +Transfer table, under Transfer. -- Railway spine (Med.), an abnormal +condition due to severe concussion of the spinal cord, such as occurs +in railroad accidents. It is characterized by ataxia and other +disturbances of muscular function, sensory disorders, pain in the back, +impairment of general health, and cerebral disturbance, -- the symptoms +often not developing till some months after the injury. -- Underground +railroad or railway. (a) A railroad or railway running through a +tunnel, as beneath the streets of a city. (b) Formerly, a system of +coöperation among certain active antislavery people in the United +States, by which fugitive slaves were secretly helped to reach Canada. +[In the latter sense railroad, and not railway, was used.] "Their house +was a principal entrepôt of the underground railroad." W. D. Howells. + +Rail"road`ing, n. The construction of a railroad; the business of +managing or operating a railroad. [Colloq. U. S.] + +Rai"ment (r"ment), n. [Abbrev. fr. arraiment. See Array.] 1. Clothing +in general; vesture; garments; -- usually singular in form, with a +collective sense. + + Living, both food and raiment she supplies. + + +Dryden. + +2. An article of dress. [R. or Obs.] Sir P. Sidney. + +Rain (rn), n. & v. Reign. [Obs.] Spenser. + +Rain (rn), n. [OE. rein, AS. regen; akin to OFries. rein, D. & G. +regen, OS. & OHG. regan, Icel., Dan., & Sw. regn, Goth. rign, and prob. +to L. rigare to water, to wet; cf. Gr. bre`chein to wet, to rain.] +Water falling in drops from the clouds; the descent of water from the +clouds in drops. + + Rain is water by the heat of the sun divided into very small parts + ascending in the air, till, encountering the cold, it be condensed + into clouds, and descends in drops. + + +Ray. + + Fair days have oft contracted wind and rain. + + +Milton. + +Rain is distinguished from mist by the size of the drops, which are +distinctly visible. When water falls in very small drops or particles, +it is called mist; and fog is composed of particles so fine as to be +not only individually indistinguishable, but to float or be suspended +in the air. See Fog, and Mist. + +Rain band (Meteorol.), a dark band in the yellow portion of the solar +spectrum near the sodium line, caused by the presence of watery vapor +in the atmosphere, and hence sometimes used in weather predictions. -- +Rain bird (Zoöl.), the yaffle, or green woodpecker. [Prov. Eng.] The +name is also applied to various other birds, as to Saurothera vetula of +the West Indies. -- Rain fowl (Zoöl.), the channel-bill cuckoo +(Scythrops Novæ-Hollandiæ) of Australia. -- Rain gauge, an instrument +of various forms for measuring the quantity of rain that falls at any +given place in a given time; a pluviometer; an ombrometer. -- Rain +goose (Zoöl.), the red-throated diver, or loon. [Prov. Eng.] -- Rain +prints (Geol.), markings on the surfaces of stratified rocks, +presenting an appearance similar to those made by rain on mud and sand, +and believed to have been so produced. -- Rain quail. (Zoöl.) See +Quail, n., 1. -- Rain water, water that has fallen from the clouds in +rain. + +Rain, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rained (rnd); p. pr. & vb. n. Raining.] [AS. +regnian, akin to G. regnen, Goth. rignjan. See Rain, n.] 1. To fall in +drops from the clouds, as water; -- used mostly with it for a +nominative; as, it rains. + + The rain it raineth every day. + + +Shak. + +2. To fall or drop like water from the clouds; as, tears rained from +their eyes. + +Rain (rn), v. t. 1. To pour or shower down from above, like rain from +the clouds. + + Then said the Lord unto Moses, Behold, I will rain bread from + heaven for you. + + +Ex. xvi. 4. + +2. To bestow in a profuse or abundant manner; as, to rain favors upon a +person. + +Rain"bow` (-b`), n. [AS. regenboga, akin to G. regenbogen. See Rain, +and Bow anything bent.] A bow or arch exhibiting, in concentric bands, +the several colors of the spectrum, and formed in the part of the +hemisphere opposite to the sun by the refraction and reflection of the +sun's rays in drops of falling rain. + +Besides the ordinary bow, called also primary rainbow, which is formed +by two refractions and one reflection, there is also another often seen +exterior to it, called the secondary rainbow, concentric with the +first, and separated from it by a small interval. It is formed by two +refractions and two reflections, is much fainter than the primary bow, +and has its colors arranged in the reverse order from those of the +latter. + +Lunar rainbow, a fainter arch or rainbow, formed by the moon. -- Marine +rainbow, or Sea bow, a similar bow seen in the spray of waves at sea. +-- Rainbow trout (Zoöl.), a bright-colored trout (Salmo irideus), +native of the mountains of California, but now extensively introduced +into the Eastern States, Japan, and other countries; -- called also +brook trout, mountain trout, and golden trout. -- Rainbow wrasse. +(Zoöl.) See under Wrasse. -- Supernumerary rainbow, a smaller bow, +usually of red and green colors only, sometimes seen within the primary +or without the secondary rainbow, and in contact with them. + +Rain"bowed` (-bd`), a. Formed with or like a rainbow. + +Rain"deer` (-dr`), n. (Zoöl.) See Reindeer. [Obs.] + +Rain"drop` (-drp`), n. A drop of rain. + +Rain"fall` (rn"fl`), n. A fall or descent of rain; the water, or amount +of water, that falls in rain; as, the average annual rainfall of a +region. + + Supplied by the rainfall of the outer ranges of Sinchul and + Singaleleh. + + +Hooker. + +Rain"i*ness (-*ns), n. The state of being rainy. + +Rain"less, a. Destitute of rain; as, a rainless region. + +Rain"-tight` (-tt`), a. So tight as to exclude rain; as, a rain-tight +roof. + +Rain"y (-), a. [AS. regenig.] Abounding with rain; wet; showery; as, +rainy weather; a rainy day or season. + +Raip (rp), n. [Cf. Icel. reip rope. Cf. Rope.] A rope; also, a measure +equal to a rod. [Scot.] + +Rais (rs), n. Same as 2d Reis. + +Rais"a*ble (rz"*b'l), a. Capable of being raised. + +Raise (rz), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Raised (rzd); p. pr. & vb. n. Raising.] +[OE. reisen, Icel. reisa, causative of rsa to rise. See Rise, and cf. +Rear to raise.] + +1. To cause to rise; to bring from a lower to a higher place; to lift +upward; to elevate; to heave; as, to raise a stone or weight. Hence, +figuratively: -- + +(a) To bring to a higher condition or situation; to elevate in rank, +dignity, and the like; to increase the value or estimation of; to +promote; to exalt; to advance; to enhance; as, to raise from a low +estate; to raise to office; to raise the price, and the like. + + This gentleman came to be raised to great titles. + + +Clarendon. + + The plate pieces of eight were raised three pence in the piece. + + +Sir W. Temple. + +(b) To increase the strength, vigor, or vehemence of; to excite; to +intensify; to invigorate; to heighten; as, to raise the pulse; to raise +the voice; to raise the spirits or the courage; to raise the heat of a +furnace. + +(c) To elevate in degree according to some scale; as, to raise the +pitch of the voice; to raise the temperature of a room. + +2. To cause to rise up, or assume an erect position or posture; to set +up; to make upright; as, to raise a mast or flagstaff. Hence: -- + +(a) To cause to spring up from a recumbent position, from a state of +quiet, or the like; to awaken; to arouse. + + They shall not awake, nor be raised out of their sleep. + + +Job xiv. 12. + +(b) To rouse to action; to stir up; to incite to tumult, struggle, or +war; to excite. + + He commandeth, and raiseth the stormy wind. + + +Ps. cvii. 25. + + Æneas . . . employs his pains, In parts remote, to raise the Tuscan + swains. + + +Dryden. + +(c) To bring up from the lower world; to call up, as a spirit from the +world of spirits; to recall from death; to give life to. + + Why should it be thought a thing incredible with you, that God + should raise the dead ? + + +Acts xxvi. 8. + +3. To cause to arise, grow up, or come into being or to appear; to give +rise to; to originate, produce, cause, effect, or the like. Hence, +specifically: -- + +(a) To form by the accumulation of materials or constituent parts; to +build up; to erect; as, to raise a lofty structure, a wall, a heap of +stones. + + I will raise forts against thee. + + +Isa. xxix. 3. + +(b) To bring together; to collect; to levy; to get together or obtain +for use or service; as, to raise money, troops, and the like. "To raise +up a rent." Chaucer. + +(c) To cause to grow; to procure to be produced, bred, or propagated; +to grow; as, to raise corn, barley, hops, etc.; toraise cattle. "He +raised sheep." "He raised wheat where none grew before." Johnson's +Dict. + +<! p. 1186 pr=vmg !> + +In some parts of the United States, notably in the Southern States, +raise is also commonly applied to the rearing or bringing up of +children. + + I was raised, as they say in Virginia, among the mountains of the + North. + + +Paulding. + +(d) To bring into being; to produce; to cause to arise, come forth, or +appear; -- often with up. + + I will raise them up a prophet from among their brethren, like unto + thee. + + +Deut. xviii. 18. + + God vouchsafes to raise another world From him [Noah], and all his + anger to forget. + + +Milton. + +(e) To give rise to; to set agoing; to occasion; to start; to +originate; as, to raise a smile or a blush. + + Thou shalt not raise a false report. + + +Ex. xxiii. 1. + +(f) To give vent or utterance to; to utter; to strike up. + + Soon as the prince appears, they raise a cry. + + +Dryden. + +(g) To bring to notice; to submit for consideration; as, to raise a +point of order; to raise an objection. + +4. To cause to rise, as by the effect of leaven; to make light and +spongy, as bread. + + Miss Liddy can dance a jig, and raise paste. + + +Spectator. + +5. (Naut.) (a) To cause (the land or any other object) to seem higher +by drawing nearer to it; as, to raise Sandy Hook light. (b) To let go; +as in the command, Raise tacks and sheets, i. e., Let go tacks and +sheets. + +6. (Law) To create or constitute; as, to raise a use, that is, to +create it. Burrill. + +To raise a blockade (Mil.), to remove or break up a blockade, either by +withdrawing the ships or forces employed in enforcing it, or by driving +them away or dispersing them. -- To raise a check, note, bill of +exchange, etc., to increase fraudulently its nominal value by changing +the writing, figures, or printing in which the sum payable is +specified. -- To raise a siege, to relinquish an attempt to take a +place by besieging it, or to cause the attempt to be relinquished. -- +To raise steam, to produce steam of a required pressure. -- To raise +the wind, to procure ready money by some temporary expedient. [Colloq.] +-- To raise Cain, or To raise the devil, to cause a great disturbance; +to make great trouble. [Slang] + +Syn. -- To lift; exalt; elevate; erect; originate; cause; produce; +grow; heighten; aggravate; excite. + +Raised (rzd), a. 1. Lifted up; showing above the surroundings; as, +raised or embossed metal work. + +2. Leavened; made with leaven, or yeast; -- used of bread, cake, etc., +as distinguished from that made with cream of tartar, soda, etc. See +Raise, v. t., 4. + +Raised beach. See under Beach, n. + +Rais"er (rz"r), n. One who, or that which, raises (in various senses of +the verb). + +Rai"sin (r"z'n), n. [F. raisin grape, raisin, L. racemus cluster of +grapes or berries; cf. Gr. "ra`x, "rago`s, berry, grape. Cf. Raceme.] +1. A grape, or a bunch of grapes. [Obs.] Cotgrave. + +2. A grape dried in the sun or by artificial heat. + +Raisin tree (Bot.), the common red currant bush, whose fruit resembles +the small raisins of Corinth called currants. [Eng.] Dr. Prior. + +Rais"ing (rz"ng), n. 1. The act of lifting, setting up, elevating, +exalting, producing, or restoring to life. + +2. Specifically, the operation or work of setting up the frame of a +building; as, to help at a raising. [U.S.] + +3. The operation of embossing sheet metal, or of forming it into +cup-shaped or hollow articles, by hammering, stamping, or spinning. + +Raising bee, a bee for raising the frame of a building. See Bee, n., 2. +[U.S.] W. Irving. -- Raising hammer, a hammer with a rounded face, used +in raising sheet metal. -- Raising plate (Carp.), the plate, or +longitudinal timber, on which a roof is raised and rests. + +||Rai`son`né" (r`z`n"), a. [F. raisonné, p. p. of raisonner to reason.] +||Arranged systematically, or according to classes or subjects; as, a +||catalogue raisonné. See under Catalogue. + +Rai"vel (r"vel), n. (Weaving) A separator. [Scot.] + +||Raj (räj), n. [See Rajah.] Reign; rule. [India] + +||Ra"ja (rä"jä or r"j), n. Same as Rajah. + +Ra"jah (rä"jä or r"j), n. [Hind. rj, Skr. rjan, akin to L. rex, regis. +See Regal, a.] A native prince or king; also, a landholder or person of +importance in the agricultural districts. [India] + +Ra"jah*ship, n. The office or dignity of a rajah. + +{ ||Raj`poot", ||Raj`put" } (räj`pt"), n. [Hind. rj- pt, Skr. rja-putra +king's son.] A Hindoo of the second, or royal and military, caste; a +Kshatriya; especially, an inhabitant of the country of Rajpootana, in +northern central India. + +Rake (rk), n. [AS. race; akin to OD. rake, D. reek, OHG. rehho, G. +rechen, Icel. reka a shovel, and to Goth. rikan to heap up, collect, +and perhaps to Gr. 'ore`gein to stretch out, and E. rack to stretch. +Cf. Reckon.] 1. An implement consisting of a headpiece having teeth, +and a long handle at right angles to it, -- used for collecting hay, or +other light things which are spread over a large surface, or for +breaking and smoothing the earth. + +2. A toothed machine drawn by a horse, -- used for collecting hay or +grain; a horserake. + +3. [Perhaps a different word.] (Mining) A fissure or mineral vein +traversing the strata vertically, or nearly so; -- called also +rake-vein. + +Gill rakes. (Anat.) See under 1st Gill. + +Rake, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Raked (rkt); p. pr. & vb. n. Raking.] [AS. +racian. See 1st Rake.] 1. To collect with a rake; as, to rake hay; -- +often with up; as, he raked up the fallen leaves. + +2. Hence: To collect or draw together with laborious industry; to +gather from a wide space; to scrape together; as, to rake together +wealth; to rake together slanderous tales; to rake together the rabble +of a town. + +3. To pass a rake over; to scrape or scratch with a rake for the +purpose of collecting and clearing off something, or for stirring up +the soil; as, to rake a lawn; to rake a flower bed. + +4. To search through; to scour; to ransack. + + The statesman rakes the town to find a plot. + + +Swift. + +5. To scrape or scratch across; to pass over quickly and lightly, as a +rake does. + + Like clouds that rake the mountain summits. + + +Wordsworth. + +6. (Mil.) To enfilade; to fire in a direction with the length of; in +naval engagements, to cannonade, as a ship, on the stern or head so +that the balls range the whole length of the deck. + +To rake up. (a) To collect together, as the fire (live coals), and +cover with ashes. (b) To bring up; to search out and bring to notice +again; as, to rake up old scandals. + +Rake (rk), v. i. 1. To use a rake, as for searching or for collecting; +to scrape; to search minutely. + + One is for raking in Chaucer for antiquated words. + + +Dryden. + +2. To pass with violence or rapidity; to scrape along. + + Pas could not stay, but over him did rake. + + +Sir P. Sidney. + +Rake, n. [Cf. dial. Sw. raka to reach, and E. reach.] The inclination +of anything from a perpendicular direction; as, the rake of a roof, a +staircase, etc.; especially (Naut.), the inclination of a mast or +funnel, or, in general, of any part of a vessel not perpendicular to +the keel. + +Rake, v. i. To incline from a perpendicular direction; as, a mast rakes +aft. + +Raking course (Bricklaying), a course of bricks laid diagonally between +the face courses in a thick wall, to strengthen it. + +Rake, n. [OE. rakel rash; cf. Icel. reikall wandering, unsettled, reika +to wander.] A loose, disorderly, vicious man; a person addicted to +lewdness and other scandalous vices; a debauchee; a roué. + + An illiterate and frivolous old rake. + + +Macaulay. + +Rake, v. i. 1. [Icel. reika. Cf. Rake a debauchee.] To walk about; to +gad or ramble idly. [Prov. Eng.] + +2. [See Rake a debauchee.] To act the rake; to lead a dissolute, +debauched life. Shenstone. + +To rake out (Falconry), to fly too far and wide from its master while +hovering above waiting till the game is sprung; -- said of the hawk. +Encyc. Brit. + +Rake"hell` (rk"hl`), n. [See Rakel.] A lewd, dissolute fellow; a +debauchee; a rake. + + It seldom doth happen, in any way of life, that a sluggard and a + rakehell do not go together. + + +Barrow. + +{ Rake"hell`, Rake"hell`y (-), } a. Dissolute; wild; lewd; rakish. +[Obs.] Spenser. B. Jonson. + +Ra"kel (rä"kl), a. [OE. See Rake a debauchee.] Hasty; reckless; rash. +[Obs.] Chaucer. -- Ra"kel*ness, n. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Rak"er (rk"r), n. [See 1st Rake.] 1. One who, or that which, rakes; as: +(a) A person who uses a rake. (b) A machine for raking grain or hay by +horse or other power. (c) A gun so placed as to rake an enemy's ship. + +2. (Zoöl.) See Gill rakers, under 1st Gill. + +Rak"er*y (-), n. Debauchery; lewdness. + + The rakery and intrigues of the lewd town. + + +R. North. + +Rake"shame` (rk"shm`), n. [Cf. Rakehell, Ragabash.] A vile, dissolute +wretch. [Obs.] Milton. + +Rake"stale` (-stl`), n. [Rake the instrument + stale a handle.] The +handle of a rake. + + That tale is not worth a rakestele. + + +Chaucer. + +Rake"-vein` (-vn`), n. See Rake, a mineral vein. + +Rak"ing (rk"ng), n. 1. The act or process of using a rake; the going +over a space with a rake. + +2. A space gone over with a rake; also, the work done, or the quantity +of hay, grain, etc., collected, by going once over a space with a rake. + +Rak"ish, a. Dissolute; lewd; debauched. + + The arduous task of converting a rakish lover. + + +Macaulay. + +Rak"ish, a. (Naut.) Having a saucy appearance indicative of speed and +dash. Ham. Nav. Encyc. + +Rak"ish*ly, adv. In a rakish manner. + +Rak"ish*ness, n. The quality or state of being rakish. + +||Ra"ku ware` (rä"k wâr`). A kind of earthenware made in Japan, +||resembling Satsuma ware, but having a paler color. + +||Râle (räl), n. [F. râle. Cf. Rail the bird.] (Med.) An adventitious +||sound, usually of morbid origin, accompanying the normal respiratory +||sounds. See Rhonchus. + +Various kinds are distinguished by pathologists; differing in +intensity, as loud and small; in quality, as moist, dry, clicking, +whistling, and sonorous; and in origin, as tracheal, pulmonary, and +pleural. + +||Ral`len*tan"do (räl`ln*tän"d), a. [It.] (Mus.) Slackening; -- a +||direction to perform a passage with a gradual decrease in time and +||force; ritardando. + +Ral"li*ance (rl"l*ans), n. [Cf. OF. raliance. See Rally to reunite.] +The act of rallying. + +Ral"li*er (-r), n. One who rallies. + +Ral"line (-ln), a. (Zoöl.) Pertaining to the rails. + +Ral"ly (rl"l), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rallied (-ld); p. pr. & vb. n. +Rallying.] [OF. ralier, F. rallier, fr. L. pref. re- + ad + ligare to +bind. See Ra-, and 1st Ally.] To collect, and reduce to order, as +troops dispersed or thrown into confusion; to gather again; to reunite. + +Ral"ly, v. i. 1. To come into orderly arrangement; to renew order, or +united effort, as troops scattered or put to flight; to assemble; to +unite. + + The Grecians rally, and their powers unite. + + +Dryden. + + Innumerable parts of matter chanced just then to rally together, + and to form themselves into this new world. + + +Tillotson. + +2. To collect one's vital powers or forces; to regain health or +consciousness; to recuperate. + +3. To recover strength after a decline in prices; -- said of the +market, stocks, etc. + +Ral"ly, n.; pl. Rallies (-lz). 1. The act or process of rallying (in +any of the senses of that word). + +2. A political mass meeting. [Colloq. U. S.] + +Ral"ly, v. t. [F. railler. See Rail to scoff.] To attack with raillery, +either in good humor and pleasantry, or with slight contempt or satire. + + Honeycomb . . . rallies me upon a country life. + + +Addison. + + Strephon had long confessed his amorous pain, Which gay Corinna + rallied with disdain. + + +Gay. + +Syn. -- To banter; ridicule; satirize; deride; mock. + +Ral"ly (rl"l), v. i. To use pleasantry, or satirical merriment. + +Ral"ly, n. Good-humored raillery. + +Ralph (rlf), n. A name sometimes given to the raven. + +Ral"ston*ite (rl"stn*t), n. [So named after J. G. Ralston of +Norristown, Penn.] (Min.) A fluoride of alumina and soda occurring with +the Greenland cryolite in octahedral crystals. + +Ram (rm), n. [AS. ramm, ram; akin to OHG. & D. ram, Prov. G. ramm, and +perh. to Icel. ramr strong.] + +1. The male of the sheep and allied animals. In some parts of England a +ram is called a tup. + +2. (Astron.) (a) Aries, the sign of the zodiac which the sun enters +about the 21st of March. (b) The constellation Aries, which does not +now, as formerly, occupy the sign of the same name. + +3. An engine of war used for butting or battering. Specifically: (a) In +ancient warfare, a long beam suspended by slings in a framework, and +used for battering the walls of cities; a battering-ram. (b) A heavy +steel or iron beak attached to the prow of a steam war vessel for +piercing or cutting down the vessel of an enemy; also, a vessel +carrying such a beak. + +4. A hydraulic ram. See under Hydraulic. + +5. The weight which strikes the blow, in a pile driver, steam hammer, +stamp mill, or the like. + +6. The plunger of a hydraulic press. + +Ram's horn. (a) (Fort.) A low semicircular work situated in and +commanding a ditch. [Written also ramshorn.] Farrow. (b) (Paleon.) An +ammonite. + +Ram, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rammed (rmd); p. pr. & vb. n. Ramming.] 1. To +butt or strike against; to drive a ram against or through; to thrust or +drive with violence; to force in; to drive together; to cram; as, to +ram an enemy's vessel; to ram piles, cartridges, etc. + + [They] rammed me in with foul shirts, and smocks, socks, foul + stockings, greasy napkins. + + +Shak. + +2. To fill or compact by pounding or driving. + + A ditch . . . was filled with some sound materials, and rammed to + make the foundation solid. + + +Arbuthnot. + +||Ram`a*dan" (rm`*dn"), n. [Ar. raman, or ramazn, properly, the hot +||month.] [Written also Ramadhan, Ramadzan, and Rhamadan.] 1. The ninth +||Mohammedan month. + +2. The great annual fast of the Mohammedans, kept during daylight +through the ninth month. + +Ram"age (rm"j; 48), n. [F., fr. L. ramus a branch.] + +1. Boughs or branches. [Obs.] Crabb. + +2. Warbling of birds in trees. [Obs.] Drummond. + +Ra*mage" (r*mj"), a. Wild; untamed. [Obs.] + +Ra*ma"gi*ous (-m"j*s), a. Wild; not tame. [Obs.] + + Now is he tame that was so ramagious. + + +Remedy of Love. + +Ra"mal (r"mal), a. [L. ramus branch.] Of or pertaining to a ramus, or +branch; rameal. + +||Ra*ma"ya*na (rä*mä"y*n), n. [Skr. Rmyaa.] The more ancient of the two +||great epic poems in Sanskrit. The hero and heroine are Rama and his +||wife Sita. + +Ram"berge (rm"brj), n. [F., fr. rame oar + barge barge.] Formerly, a +kind of large war galley. + +Ram"ble (rm"b'l), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rambled (-b'ld); p. pr. & vb. n. +Rambling (-blng).] [For rammle, fr. Prov. E. rame to roam. Cf. Roam.] +1. To walk, ride, or sail, from place to place, without any determinate +object in view; to roam carelessly or irregularly; to rove; to wander; +as, to ramble about the city; to ramble over the world. + + He that is at liberty to ramble in perfect darkness, what is his + liberty better than if driven up and down as a bubble by the wind? + + +Locke. + +2. To talk or write in a discursive, aimless way. + +3. To extend or grow at random. Thomson. + +Syn. -- To rove; roam; wander; range; stroll. + +Ram"ble, n. 1. A going or moving from place to place without any +determinate business or object; an excursion or stroll merely for +recreation. + + Coming home, after a short Christmas ramble. + + +Swift. + +2. [Cf. Rammel.] (Coal Mining) A bed of shale over the seam. Raymond. + +Ram"bler (-blr), n. One who rambles; a rover; a wanderer. + +Ram"bling (-blng), a. Roving; wandering; discursive; as, a rambling +fellow, talk, or building. + +Ram"bling*ly, adv. In a rambling manner. + +Ram"booze (-bz), n. A beverage made of wine, ale (or milk), sugar, etc. +[Obs.] Blount. + +Ram*bu"tan (rm*b"tn), n. [Malay rambtan, fr. rambut hair of the head.] +(Bot.) A Malayan fruit produced by the tree Nephelium lappaceum, and +closely related to the litchi nut. It is bright red, oval in shape, +covered with coarse hairs (whence the name), and contains a pleasant +acid pulp. Called also ramboostan. + +Ra"me*al (r"m*al), a. Same as Ramal. Gray. + +Ra"me*an (-an), n. A Ramist. Shipley. + +Ramed (rmd), a. Having the frames, stem, and sternpost adjusted; -- +said of a ship on the stocks. + +Ram"ee (rm"), n. (Bot.) See Ramie. + +Ram"e*kin (rm"*kn), n. See Ramequin. [Obs.] + +Ram"ent (rm"ent), n. [L. ramenta, pl.] 1. A scraping; a shaving. [Obs.] + +2. pl. (Bot.) Ramenta. + +||Ra*men"ta (r*mn"t), n. pl. [L., scrapings.] (Bot.) Thin brownish +||chaffy scales upon the leaves or young shoots of some plants, +||especially upon the petioles and leaves of ferns. Gray. + +<! p. 1187 pr=vmg !> + +Ram`en*ta"ceous (rm`n*t"shs), a. (Bot.) Covered with ramenta. + +Ra"me*ous (r"m*s), a. [L. rameus, from ramus branch, bough.] (Bot.) +Ramal. + +Ram"e*quin (rm"*kn), n. [F.] (Cookery) A mixture of cheese, eggs, etc., +formed in a mold, or served on bread. [Written also ramekin.] + +Ram"ie (rm"), n. [From Malay.] (Bot.) The grass-cloth plant (Bœhmeria +nivea); also, its fiber, which is very fine and exceedingly strong; -- +called also China grass, and rhea. See Grass-cloth plant, under Grass. + +Ram`i*fi*ca"tion (rm`*f*k"shn), n. [Cf. F. ramification. See Ramify.] +1. The process of branching, or the development of branches or +offshoots from a stem; also, the mode of their arrangement. + +2. A small branch or offshoot proceeding from a main stock or channel; +as, the ramifications of an artery, vein, or nerve. + +3. A division into principal and subordinate classes, heads, or +departments; also, one of the subordinate parts; as, the ramifications +of a subject or scheme. + +4. The production of branchlike figures. Crabb. + +Ram`i*flo"rous (-fl"rs), a. [L. ramus branch + flos, floris, flower.] +(Bot.) Flowering on the branches. + +Ram"i*form (rm"*fôrm), a. [L. ramus branch + -form.] (Bot.) Having the +form of a branch. + +Ram"i*fy (rm"*f), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ramified (rm"*fd); p. pr. & vb. +n. Ramifying (rm"*f`ng).] [F. ramifier, LL. ramificare, fr. L. ramus a +branch + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.] To divide into branches +or subdivisions; as, to ramify an art, subject, scheme. + +Ram"i*fy, v. i. 1. To shoot, or divide, into branches or subdivisions, +as the stem of a plant. + + When they [asparagus plants] . . . begin to ramify. + + +Arbuthnot. + +2. To be divided or subdivided, as a main subject. + +Ra*mig"er*ous (r*mj"r*s), a. [L. ramus a branch + -gerous.] (Bot.) +Bearing branches; branched. + +Ra*mip"a*rous (r*mp"*rs), a. [L. ramus + parere to bear.] (Bot.) +Producing branches; ramigerous. + +Ra"mist (r"mst), n. A follower of Pierre Ramé, better known as Ramus, a +celebrated French scholar, who was professor of rhetoric and philosophy +at Paris in the reign of Henry II., and opposed the Aristotelians. + +Ram"line (rm"ln), n. A line used to get a straight middle line, as on a +spar, or from stem to stern in building a vessel. + +Ram"mel (rm"ml), n. Refuse matter. [Obs.] + + Filled with any rubbish, rammel and broken stones. + + +Holland. + +Ram"mer (-mr), n. One who, or that which, rams or drives. Specifically: +(a) An instrument for driving anything with force; as, a rammer for +driving stones or piles, or for beating the earth to more solidity. (b) +A rod for forcing down the charge of a gun; a ramrod. (c) (Founding) An +implement for pounding the sand of a mold to render it compact. + +Ram"mish (-msh), a. Like a ram; hence, rank; lascivious. "Their savor +is so rammish." Chaucer. + +Ram"mish*ness, n. The quality of being rammish. + +Ram"my (-m), a. Like a ram; rammish. Burton. + +Ram`ol*les"cence (rm`l*ls"sens), n. [F. ramollir to make soft, to +soften; pref. re- re- + amollir to soften; a (L. ad) + mollir to +soften, L. mollire, fr. mollis soft.] A softening or mollifying. [R.] + +Ra*moon" (r*mn"), n. (Bot.) A small West Indian tree (Trophis +Americana) of the Mulberry family, whose leaves and twigs are used as +fodder for cattle. + +Ra*mose" (r*ms"), a. [L. ramosus, from ramus a branch.] Branched, as +the stem or root of a plant; having lateral divisions; consisting of, +or having, branches; full of branches; ramifying; branching; branchy. + +Ra"mous (r"ms), a. Ramose. + +Ramp (rmp), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ramped (rmt; 215); p. pr. & vb. n. +Ramping.] [F. ramper to creep, OF., to climb; of German origin; cf. G. +raffen to snatch, LG. & D. rapen. See Rap to snatch, and cf. Romp.] + +1. To spring; to leap; to bound; to rear; to prance; to become rampant; +hence, to frolic; to romp. + +2. To move by leaps, or as by leaps; hence, to move swiftly or with +violence. + + Their bridles they would champ, And trampling the fine element + would fiercely ramp. + + +Spenser. + +3. To climb, as a plant; to creep up. + + With claspers and tendrils, they [plants] catch hold, . . . and so + ramping upon trees, they mount up to a great height. + + +Ray. + +Ramp, n. 1. A leap; a spring; a hostile advance. + + The bold Ascalonite Fled from his lion ramp. + + +Milton. + +2. A highwayman; a robber. [Prov. Eng.] + +3. A romping woman; a prostitute. [Obs.] Lyly. + +4. [F. rampe.] (Arch.) (a) Any sloping member, other than a purely +constructional one, such as a continuous parapet to a staircase. (b) A +short bend, slope, or curve, where a hand rail or cap changes its +direction. + +5. [F. rampe.] (Fort.) An inclined plane serving as a communication +between different interior levels. + +Ram*pa"cious (rm*p"shs), a. High-spirited; rampageous. [Slang] Dickens. + +Ramp"age (rmp"j; 48), n. [See Ramp, v.] Violent or riotous behavior; a +state of excitement, passion, or debauchery; as, to be on the rampage. +[Prov. or Low] Dickens. + +Ramp"age, v. i. To leap or prance about, as an animal; to be violent; +to rage. [Prov. or Low] + +Ram*pa"geous (rm*p"js), a. Characterized by violence and passion; +unruly; rampant. [Prov. or Low] + + In the primitive ages of a rampageous antiquity. + + +Galt. + +Ram*pal"lian (-pl"yan), n. [Cf. ramp a prostitute, or rabble.] A mean +wretch. [Obs.] Shak. + +Ramp"an*cy (rmp"an*s), n. The quality or state of being rampant; +excessive action or development; exuberance; extravagance. "They are +come to this height and rampancy of vice." South. + +Ramp"ant (rmp"ant), a. [F., p. pr. of ramper to creep. See Ramp, v.] 1. +Ramping; leaping; springing; rearing upon the hind legs; hence, raging; +furious. + + The fierce lion in his kind Which goeth rampant after his prey. + + +Gower. + + [The] lion . . . rampant shakes his brinded mane. + + +Milton. + +2. Ascending; climbing; rank in growth; exuberant. + + The rampant stalk is of unusual altitude. + + +I. Taylor. + +3. (Her.) Rising with fore paws in the air as if attacking; -- said of +a beast of prey, especially a lion. The right fore leg and right hind +leg should be raised higher than the left. + +Rampant arch. (a) An arch which has one abutment higher than the other. +(b) Same as Rampant vault, below. -- Rampant gardant (Her.), rampant, +but with the face turned to the front. -- Rampant regardant, rampant, +but looking backward. -- Rampant vault (Arch.), a continuous wagon +vault, or cradle vault, whose two abutments are located on an inclined +plane, such as the vault supporting a stairway, or forming the ceiling +of a stairway. + +Ramp"ant*ly, adv. In a rampant manner. + +Ram"part (rm"pärt), n. [F. rempart, OF. rempar, fr. remparer to +fortify, se remparer to fence or intrench one's self; pref. re- re- + +pref. en- (L. in) + parer to defend, parry, prepare, L. parare to +prepare. See Pare.] + +1. That which fortifies and defends from assault; that which secures +safety; a defense or bulwark. + +2. (Fort.) A broad embankment of earth round a place, upon which the +parapet is raised. It forms the substratum of every permanent +fortification. Mahan. + +Syn. -- Bulwark; fence; security; guard. -- Rampart, Bulwark. These +words were formerly interchanged; but in modern usage a distinction has +sprung up between them. The rampart of a fortified place is the +enceinte or entire main embankment or wall which surrounds it. The term +bulwark is now applied to peculiarly strong outworks which project for +the defense of the rampart, or main work. A single bastion is a +bulwark. In using these words figuratively, rampart is properly applied +to that which protects by walling out; bulwark to that which stands in +the forefront of danger, to meet and repel it. Hence, we speak of a +distinguished individual as the bulwark, not the rampart, of the state. +This distinction, however, is often disregarded. + +Ram"part, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ramparted; p. pr. & vb. n. Ramparting.] +To surround or protect with, or as with, a rampart or ramparts. + + Those grassy hills, those glittering dells, Proudly ramparted with + rocks. + + +Coleridge. + +Rampart gun (Fort.), a cannon or large gun for use on a rampart and not +as a fieldpiece. + +Rampe (rmp), n. [In allusion to its supposed aphrodisiac qualities. See +Ramp.] (Bot.) The cuckoopint. + +Ram"pier (rm"pr), n. See Rampart. [Obs.] + +Ram"pi*on (rm"p*n), n. [Cf. F. raiponce, Sp. ruiponce, reponche, L. +raperonzo, NL. rapuntium, fr. L. rapum, rapa, a turnip, rape. Cf. Rape +a plant.] (Bot.) A plant (Campanula Rapunculus) of the Bellflower +family, with a tuberous esculent root; -- also called ramps. + +The name is sometimes given to plants of the genus Phyteuma, herbs of +the Bellflower family, and to the American evening primrose (Œnothera +biennis), which has run wild in some parts of Europe. + +Ram"pire (-pr), n. A rampart. [Archaic] + + The Trojans round the place a rampire cast. + + +Dryden. + +Ram"pire, v. t. To fortify with a rampire; to form into a rampire. +[Archaic] Chapman. "Rampired walls of gold." R. Browning. + +Ram"pler (rm"plr), n. A rambler. + +Ram"pler, a. Roving; rambling. [Scot.] + +Ram"rod` (-rd`), n. The rod used in ramming home the charge in a +muzzle-loading firearm. + +Ram"shac*kle (-shk*k'l), a. [Etymol. uncertain.] Loose; disjointed; +falling to pieces; out of repair. + + There came . . . my lord the cardinal, in his ramshackle coach. + + +Thackeray. + +Ram"shac*kle, v. t. To search or ransack; to rummage. [Prov. Eng.] + +Ram"son (-z'n), n. [AS. hramsan, pl., akin to G. rams, Sw. rams, +ramslök; cf. Gr. kro`myon onion.] (Bot.) A broad-leaved species of +garlic (Allium ursinum), common in European gardens; -- called also +buckram. + +Ram"sted (-std), n. (Bot.) A yellow-flowered weed; -- so named from a +Mr. Ramsted who introduced it into Pennsylvania. See Toad flax. Called +also Ramsted weed. + +Ram"u*lose` (-*ls`), a. [L. ramulosus, fr. ramulus, dim. of ramus a +branch.] (Nat. Hist.) Having many small branches, or ramuli. + +Ram"u*lous (-ls), a. (Nat. Hist.) Ramulose. + +||Ram"u*lus (-ls), n.; pl. Ramuli (-l). (Zoöl.) A small branch, or +||branchlet, of corals, hydroids, and similar organisms. + +||Ra"mus (r"ms), n.; pl. Rami (-m). (Nat. Hist.) A branch; a projecting +||part or prominent process; a ramification. + +Ra*mus"cule (r*ms"kl), n. [L. ramusculus.] (Nat. Hist.) A small ramus, +or branch. + +Ran (rn), imp. of Run. + +Ran, n. [AS. rn.] Open robbery. [Obs.] Lambarde. + +Ran, n. (Naut.) Yarns coiled on a spun-yarn winch. + +||Ra"na (r"n), n. [L., a frog.] (Zoöl.) A genus of anurous batrachians, +||including the common frogs. + +Ra"nal (r"nal), a. (Bot.) Having a general affinity to ranunculaceous +plants. + +Ranal alliance (Bot.), a name proposed by Lindley for a group of +natural orders, including Ranunculaceæ, Magnoliaceæ, Papaveraceæ, and +others related to them. + +Rance (rns), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] 1. A prop or shore. [Scot.] + +2. A round between the legs of a chair. + +Ran*ces"cent (rn*ss"sent), a. [L. rancescens, p. pr. of rancescere, v. +incho. from rancere to be rancid.] Becoming rancid or sour. + +Ranch (rnch), v. t. [Written also raunch.] [Cf. Wrench.] To wrench; to +tear; to sprain; to injure by violent straining or contortion. [R.] +Dryden. "Hasting to raunch the arrow out." Spenser. + +Ranch, n. [See Rancho.] A tract of land used for grazing and the +rearing of horses, cattle, or sheep. See Rancho, 2. [Western U. S.] + +||Ran*che"ro (rn*ch"r), n.; pl. Rancheros (- rz). [Sp.] [Mexico & +||Western U. S.] 1. A herdsman; a peasant employed on a ranch or +||rancho. + +2. The owner and occupant of a ranch or rancho. + +Ranch"man (rnch"man), n.; pl. Ranchmen (-men). An owner or occupant of, +or laborer on, a ranch; a herdsman. [Western U. S.] + +||Ran"cho (rn"ch), n.; pl. Ranchos (-chz). [Sp., properly, a mess, mess +||room. Cf. 2d Ranch.] 1. A rude hut, as of posts, covered with +||branches or thatch, where herdsmen or farm laborers may live or lodge +||at night. + +2. A large grazing farm where horses and cattle are raised; -- +distinguished from hacienda, a cultivated farm or plantation. [Mexico & +California] Bartlett. + +Ran"cid (rn"sd), a. [L. rancidus, fr. rancere to be rancid or rank.] +Having a rank smell or taste, from chemical change or decomposition; +musty; as, rancid oil or butter. + +Ran*cid"i*ty (rn*sd"*t), n. [Cf. F. rancidité.] The quality or state of +being rancid; a rancid scent or flavor, as of old oil. Ure. + +Ran"cid*ly (rn"sd*l), adv. In a rancid manner. + +Ran"cid*ness, n. The quality of being rancid. + +Ran"cor (r"kr), n. [Written also rancour.] [OE. rancour, OF. rancor, +rancur, F. rancune, fr. L. rancor rancidity, rankness; tropically, an +old grudge, rancor, fr. rancere to be rank or rancid.] The deepest +malignity or spite; deep-seated enmity or malice; inveterate hatred. +"To stint rancour and dissencioun." Chaucer. + + It would not be easy to conceive the passion, rancor, and malice of + their tongues and hearts. + + +Burke. + +Syn. -- Enmity; hatred; ill will; malice; spite; grudge; animosity; +malignity. -- Rancor, Enmity. Enmity and rancor both describe hostile +feelings; but enmity may be generous and open, while rancor implies +personal malice of the worst and most enduring nature, and is the +strongest word in our language to express hostile feelings. + + Rancor will out; proud prelate, in thy face I see thy fury. + + +Shak. + + Rancor is that degree of malice which preys upon the possessor. + + +Cogan. + +Ran"cor*ous (-s), a. [OF. rancuros.] Full of rancor; evincing, or +caused by, rancor; deeply malignant; implacably spiteful or malicious; +intensely virulent. + + So flamed his eyes with rage and rancorous ire. + + +Spenser. + +Ran"cor*ous*ly, adv. In a rancorous manner. + +Rand (rnd), n. [AS. rand, rond; akin to D., Dan., Sw., & G. rand, Icel. +rönd, and probably to E. rind.] + +1. A border; edge; margin. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] + +2. A long, fleshy piece, as of beef, cut from the flank or leg; a sort +of steak. Beau. & Fl. + +3. A thin inner sole for a shoe; also, a leveling slip of leather +applied to the sole before attaching the heel. + +Rand, v. i. [See Rant.] To rant; to storm. [Obs.] + + I wept, . . . and raved, and randed, and railed. + + +J. Webster. + +Ran"dall grass` (rn"dal grs`). (Bot.) The meadow fescue (Festuca +elatior). See under Grass. + +Ran"dan (-dn), n. The product of a second sifting of meal; the finest +part of the bran. [Prov. Eng.] + +Ran"dan, n. A boat propelled by three rowers with four oars, the middle +rower pulling two. + +Rand"ing (rnd"ng), n. 1. (Shoemaking) The act or process of making and +applying rands for shoes. + +2. (Mil.) A kind of basket work used in gabions. + +Ran"dom (rn"dm), n. [OE. randon, OF. randon force, violence, rapidity, +à randon, de randon, violently, suddenly, rapidly, prob. of German +origin; cf. G. rand edge, border, OHG. rant shield, edge of a shield, +akin to E. rand, n. See Rand, n.] 1. Force; violence. [Obs.] + + For courageously the two kings newly fought with great random and + force. + + +E. Hall. + +2. A roving motion; course without definite direction; want of +direction, rule, or method; hazard; chance; -- commonly used in the +phrase at random, that is, without a settled point of direction; at +hazard. + + Counsels, when they fly At random, sometimes hit most happily. + + +Herrick. + + O, many a shaft, at random sent, Finds mark the archer little + meant! + + +Sir W. Scott. + +3. Distance to which a missile is cast; range; reach; as, the random of +a rifle ball. Sir K. Digby. + +4. (Mining) The direction of a rake- vein. Raymond. + +Ran"dom, a. Going at random or by chance; done or made at hazard, or +without settled direction, aim, or purpose; hazarded without previous +calculation; left to chance; haphazard; as, a random guess. + + Some random truths he can impart. + + +Wordsworth. + + So sharp a spur to the lazy, and so strong a bridle to the random. + + +H. Spencer. + +Random courses (Masonry), courses of stone of unequal thickness. -- +Random shot, a shot not directed or aimed toward any particular object, +or a shot with the muzzle of the gun much elevated. -- Random work +(Masonry), stonework consisting of stones of unequal sizes fitted +together, but not in courses nor always with flat beds. + +<! p. 1188 pr=vmg !> + +Ran"dom*ly (rn"dm*l), adv. In a random manner. + +Ran"don (-dn), n. Random. [Obs.] Spenser. + +Ran"don, v. i. To go or stray at random. [Obs.] + +Rane"deer` (rn"dr`), n. See Reindeer. [Obs.] + +||Ra"nee (rä"n), n. Same as Rani. + +Ran"force` (rn"frs`), n. [Cf. F. renforcer.] See Reënforce. [Obs.] +Bailey. + +Rang (rng), imp. of Ring, v. t. & i. + +Range (rnj), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ranged (rnjd); p. pr. & vb. n. Ranging +(rn"jng).] [OE. rengen, OF. rengier, F. ranger, OF. renc row, rank, F. +rang; of German origin. See Rank, n.] 1. To set in a row, or in rows; +to place in a regular line or lines, or in ranks; to dispose in the +proper order; to rank; as, to range soldiers in line. + + Maccabeus ranged his army by bands. + + +2 Macc. xii. 20. + +2. To place (as a single individual) among others in a line, row, or +order, as in the ranks of an army; -- usually, reflexively and +figuratively, (in the sense) to espouse a cause, to join a party, etc. + + It would be absurd in me to range myself on the side of the Duke of + Bedford and the corresponding society. + + +Burke. + +3. To separate into parts; to sift. [Obs.] Holland. + +4. To dispose in a classified or in systematic order; to arrange +regularly; as, to range plants and animals in genera and species. + +5. To rove over or through; as, to range the fields. + + Teach him to range the ditch, and force the brake. + + +Gay. + +6. To sail or pass in a direction parallel to or near; as, to range the +coast. + +Compare the last two senses (5 and 6) with the French ranger une côte. + +7. (Biol.) To be native to, or to live in; to frequent. + +Range, v. i. 1. To rove at large; to wander without restraint or +direction; to roam. + + Like a ranging spaniel that barks at every bird he sees. + + +Burton. + +2. To have range; to change or differ within limits; to be capable of +projecting, or to admit of being projected, especially as to horizontal +distance; as, the temperature ranged through seventy degrees +Fahrenheit; the gun ranges three miles; the shot ranged four miles. + +3. To be placed in order; to be ranked; to admit of arrangement or +classification; to rank. + + And range with humble livers in content. + + +Shak. + +4. To have a certain direction; to correspond in direction; to be or +keep in a corresponding line; to trend or run; -- often followed by +with; as, the front of a house ranges with the street; to range along +the coast. + + Which way the forests range. + + +Dryden. + +5. (Biol.) To be native to, or live in, a certain district or region; +as, the peba ranges from Texas to Paraguay. + +Syn. -- To rove; roam; ramble; wander; stroll. + +Range, n. [From Range, v.: cf. F. rangée.] 1. A series of things in a +line; a row; a rank; as, a range of buildings; a range of mountains. + +2. An aggregate of individuals in one rank or degree; an order; a +class. + + The next range of beings above him are the immaterial + intelligences. + + +Sir M. Hale. + +3. The step of a ladder; a rung. Clarendon. + +4. A kitchen grate. [Obs.] + + He was bid at his first coming to take off the range, and let down + the cinders. + + +L'Estrange. + +5. An extended cooking apparatus of cast iron, set in brickwork, and +affording conveniences for various ways of cooking; also, a kind of +cooking stove. + +6. A bolting sieve to sift meal. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] + +7. A wandering or roving; a going to and fro; an excursion; a ramble; +an expedition. + + He may take a range all the world over. + + +South. + +8. That which may be ranged over; place or room for excursion; +especially, a region of country in which cattle or sheep may wander and +pasture. + +9. Extent or space taken in by anything excursive; compass or extent of +excursion; reach; scope; discursive power; as, the range of one's +voice, or authority. + + Far as creation's ample range extends. + + +Pope. + + The range and compass of Hammond's knowledge filled the whole + circle of the arts. + + +Bp. Fell. + + A man has not enough range of thought. + + +Addison. + +10. (Biol.) The region within which a plant or animal naturally lives. + +11. (Gun.) (a) The horizontal distance to which a shot or other +projectile is carried. (b) Sometimes, less properly, the trajectory of +a shot or projectile. (c) A place where shooting, as with cannons or +rifles, is practiced. + +12. In the public land system of the United States, a row or line of +townships lying between two successive meridian lines six miles apart. + +The meridians included in each great survey are numbered in order east +and west from the "principal meridian" of that survey, and the +townships in the range are numbered north and south from the "base +line," which runs east and west; as, township No. 6, N., range 7, W., +from the fifth principal meridian. + +13. (Naut.) See Range of cable, below. + +Range of accommodation (Optics), the distance between the near point +and the far point of distinct vision, -- usually measured and +designated by the strength of the lens which if added to the refracting +media of the eye would cause the rays from the near point to appear as +if they came from the far point. -- Range finder (Gunnery), an +instrument, or apparatus, variously constructed, for ascertaining the +distance of an inaccessible object, -- used to determine what elevation +must be given to a gun in order to hit the object; a position finder. +-- Range of cable (Naut.), a certain length of slack cable ranged along +the deck preparatory to letting go the anchor. -- Range work (Masonry), +masonry of squared stones laid in courses each of which is of even +height throughout the length of the wall; -- distinguished from broken +range work, which consists of squared stones laid in courses not +continuously of even height. -- To get the range of (an object) (Gun.), +to find the angle at which the piece must be raised to reach (the +object) without carrying beyond. + +Range"ment (rnj"ment), n. [Cf. F. rangement.] Arrangement. [Obs.] +Waterland. + +Ran"ger (rn"jr), n. 1. One who ranges; a rover; sometimes, one who +ranges for plunder; a roving robber. + +2. That which separates or arranges; specifically, a sieve. [Obs.] "The +tamis ranger." Holland. + +3. A dog that beats the ground in search of game. + +4. One of a body of mounted troops, formerly armed with short muskets, +who range over the country, and often fight on foot. + +5. The keeper of a public park or forest; formerly, a sworn officer of +a forest, appointed by the king's letters patent, whose business was to +walk through the forest, recover beasts that had strayed beyond its +limits, watch the deer, present trespasses to the next court held for +the forest, etc. [Eng.] + +Ran"ger*ship, n. The office of the keeper of a forest or park. [Eng.] + +Ran"gle (rn"g'l), v. i. To range about in an irregular manner. [Obs. or +Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. + +||Ra"ni (rä"n), n. [Hind. rn, Skr. rjn. See Rajah.] A queen or +||princess; the wife of a rajah. [Written also ranee.] [India] + +Ra"nine (r"nn), a. [L. rana a frog.] 1. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the +frogs and toads. + +2. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or designating, a swelling under the tongue; +also, pertaining to the region where the swelling occurs; -- applied +especially to branches of the lingual artery and lingual vein. + +Rank (rk), a. [Compar. Ranker (-r); superl. Rankest.] [AS. ranc strong, +proud; cf. D. rank slender, Dan. rank upright, erect, Prov. G. rank +slender, Icel. rakkr slender, bold. The meaning seems to have been +influenced by L. rancidus, E. rancid.] 1. Luxuriant in growth; of +vigorous growth; exuberant; grown to immoderate height; as, rank grass; +rank weeds. + + And, behold, seven ears of corn came up upon one stalk, rank and + good. + + +Gen. xli. 5. + +2. Raised to a high degree; violent; extreme; gross; utter; as, rank +heresy. "Rank nonsense." Hare. "I do forgive thy rankest fault." Shak. + +3. Causing vigorous growth; producing luxuriantly; very rich and +fertile; as, rank land. Mortimer. + +4. Strong-scented; rancid; musty; as, oil of a rank smell; +rank-smelling rue. Spenser. + +5. Strong to the taste. "Divers sea fowls taste rank of the fish on +which they feed." Boyle. + +6. Inflamed with venereal appetite. [Obs.] Shak. + +Rank modus (Law), an excessive and unreasonable modus. See Modus, 3. -- +To set (the iron of a plane, etc.) rank, to set so as to take off a +thick shaving. Moxon. + +Rank, adv. Rankly; stoutly; violently. [Obs.] + + That rides so rank and bends his lance so fell. + + +Fairfax. + +Rank, n. [OE. renk, reng, OF. renc, F. rang, fr. OHG. hring a circle, a +circular row, G. ring. See Ring, and cf. Range, n. & v.] 1. A row or +line; a range; an order; a tier; as, a rank of osiers. + + Many a mountain nigh Rising in lofty ranks, and loftier still. + + +Byron. + +2. (Mil.) A line of soldiers ranged side by side; -- opposed to file. +See 1st File, 1 (a). + + Fierce, fiery warriors fought upon the clouds, In ranks and + squadrons and right form of war. + + +Shak. + +3. Grade of official standing, as in the army, navy, or nobility; as, +the rank of general; the rank of admiral. + +4. An aggregate of individuals classed together; a permanent social +class; an order; a division; as, ranks and orders of men; the highest +and the lowest ranks of men, or of other intelligent beings. + +5. Degree of dignity, eminence, or excellence; position in civil or +social life; station; degree; grade; as, a writer of the first rank; a +lawyer of high rank. + + These all are virtues of a meaner rank. + + +Addison. + +6. Elevated grade or standing; high degree; high social position; +distinction; eminence; as, a man of rank. + +Rank and file. (a) (Mil.) The whole body of common soldiers, including +also corporals. In a more extended sense, it includes sergeants also, +excepting the noncommissioned staff. (b) See under 1st File. -- The +ranks, the order or grade of common soldiers; as, to reduce a +noncommissioned officer to the ranks. -- To fill the ranks, to supply +the whole number, or a competent number. -- To take rank of, to have +precedence over, or to have the right of taking a higher place than. + +Rank, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ranked (rkt); p. pr. & vb. n. Ranking.] 1. To +place abreast, or in a line. + +2. To range in a particular class, order, or division; to class; also, +to dispose methodically; to place in suitable classes or order; to +classify. + + Ranking all things under general and special heads. + + +I. Watts. + + Poets were ranked in the class of philosophers. + + +Broome. + + Heresy is ranked with idolatry and witchcraft. + + +Dr. H. More. + +3. To take rank of; to outrank. [U.S.] + +Rank, v. i. 1. To be ranged; to be set or disposed, as in a particular +degree, class, order, or division. + + Let that one article rank with the rest. + + +Shak. + +2. To have a certain grade or degree of elevation in the orders of +civil or military life; to have a certain degree of esteem or +consideration; as, he ranks with the first class of poets; he ranks +high in public estimation. + +Rank"er (-r), n. One who ranks, or disposes in ranks; one who arranges. + +Ran"kle (r"k'l), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rankled (-k'ld); p. pr. & vb. n. +Rankling (-klng).] [From Rank, a.] 1. To become, or be, rank; to grow +rank or strong; to be inflamed; to fester; -- used literally and +figuratively. + + A malady that burns and rankles inward. + + +Rowe. + + This would have left a rankling wound in the hearts of the people. + + +Burke. + +2. To produce a festering or inflamed effect; to cause a sore; -- used +literally and figuratively; as, a splinter rankles in the flesh; the +words rankled in his bosom. + +Ran"kle (r"k'l), v. t. To cause to fester; to make sore; to inflame. +[R.] Beau. & Fl. + +Rank"ly (rk"l), adv. With rank or vigorous growth; luxuriantly; hence, +coarsely; grossly; as, weeds grow rankly. + +Rank"ness, n. [AS. rancness pride.] The condition or quality of being +rank. + +Ran"nel (rn"nl), n. A prostitute. [Obs.] + +Ran"ny (-n), n. [L. araneus mus, a kind of small mouse.] (Zoöl.) The +erd shrew. [Scot.] + +Ran"sack (-sk), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ransacked (-skt); p. pr. & vb. n. +Ransacking.] [OE. ransaken, Icel. rannsaka to explore, examine; rann a +house (akin to Goth. razn house, AS. ræsn plank, beam) + the root of +sækja to seek, akin to E. seek. See Seek, and cf. Rest repose.] 1. To +search thoroughly; to search every place or part of; as, to ransack a +house. + + To ransack every corner of their . . . hearts. + + +South. + +2. To plunder; to pillage completely. + + Their vow is made To ransack Troy. + + +Shak. + +3. To violate; to ravish; to defiour. [Obs.] + + Rich spoil of ransacked chastity. + + +Spenser. + +Ran"sack, v. i. To make a thorough search. + + To ransack in the tas [heap] of bodies dead. + + +Chaucer. + +Ran"sack, n. The act of ransacking, or state of being ransacked; +pillage. [R.] + + Even your father's house Shall not be free from ransack. + + +J. Webster. + +Ran"som (rn"sm), n. [OE. raunson, raunsoun, OF. rançon, raençon, +raançon, F. rançon, fr. L. redemptio, fr. redimere to redeem. See +Redeem, and cf. Redemption.] 1. The release of a captive, or of +captured property, by payment of a consideration; redemption; as, +prisoners hopeless of ransom. Dryden. + +2. The money or price paid for the redemption of a prisoner, or for +goods captured by an enemy; payment for freedom from restraint, +penalty, or forfeit. + + Thy ransom paid, which man from death redeems. + + +Milton. + + His captivity in Austria, and the heavy ransom he paid for his + liberty. + + +Sir J. Davies. + +3. (O. Eng. Law) A sum paid for the pardon of some great offense and +the discharge of the offender; also, a fine paid in lieu of corporal +punishment. Blackstone. + +Ransom bill (Law), a war contract, valid by the law of nations, for the +ransom of property captured at sea and its safe conduct into port. +Kent. + +Ran"som, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ransomed (-smd); p. pr. & vb. n. +Ransoming.] [Cf. F. rançonner. See Ransom, n.] 1. To redeem from +captivity, servitude, punishment, or forfeit, by paying a price; to buy +out of servitude or penalty; to rescue; to deliver; as, to ransom +prisoners from an enemy. + +2. To exact a ransom for, or a payment on. [R.] + + Such lands as he had rule of he ransomed them so grievously, and + would tax the men two or three times in a year. + + +Berners. + +Ran"som*a*ble (-*b'l), a. Such as can be ransomed. + +Ran"som*er (-r), n. One who ransoms or redeems. + +Ran"som*less, a. Incapable of being ransomed; without ransom. Shak. + +Rant (rnt), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ranted; p. pr. & vb. n. Ranting.] [OD. +ranten, randen, to dote, to be enraged.] To rave in violent, +high-sounding, or extravagant language, without dignity of thought; to +be noisy, boisterous, and bombastic in talk or declamation; as, a +ranting preacher. + + Look where my ranting host of the Garter comes! + + +Shak. + +Rant, n. High-sounding language, without importance or dignity of +thought; boisterous, empty declamation; bombast; as, the rant of +fanatics. + + This is a stoical rant, without any foundation in the nature of man + or reason of things. + + +Atterbury. + +Rant"er (-r), n. 1. A noisy talker; a raving declaimer. + +2. (Eccl. Hist.) (a) One of a religious sect which sprung up in 1645; +-- called also Seekers. See Seeker. (b) One of the Primitive +Methodists, who seceded from the Wesleyan Methodists on the ground of +their deficiency in fervor and zeal; -- so called in contempt. + +Rant"er*ism (-z'm), n. (Eccl. Hist.) The practice or tenets of the +Ranters. + +Rant"ing*ly, adv. In a ranting manner. + +Rant"i*pole (-*pl), n. [Ranty + pole, poll, head.] A wild, romping +young person. [Low] Marryat. + +Rant"i*pole, a. Wild; roving; rakish. [Low] + +Rant"i*pole, v. i. To act like a rantipole. [Low] + + She used to rantipole about the house. + + +Arbuthnot. + +Rant"ism (-z'm), n. (Eccl. Hist.) Ranterism. + +Rant"y (-), a. Wild; noisy; boisterous. + +||Ran"u*la (rn"*l), n. [L., a little frog, a little swelling on the +||tongue of cattle, dim. of rana a frog.] (Med.) A cyst formed under +||the tongue by obstruction of the duct of the submaxillary gland. + +Ra*nun`cu*la"ceous (r*n`k*l"shs), a. [See Ranunculus.] (Bot.) Of or +pertaining to a natural order of plants (Ranunculaceæ), of which the +buttercup is the type, and which includes also the virgin's bower, the +monkshood, larkspur, anemone, meadow rue, and peony. + +Ra*nun"cu*lus (r*n"k*ls), n.; pl. E. Ranunculuses (- z), L. Ranunculi +(-l). [L., a little frog, a medicinal plant, perhaps crowfoot, dim. of +rana a frog; cf. raccare to roar.] (Bot.) A genus of herbs, mostly with +yellow flowers, including crowfoot, buttercups, and the cultivated +ranunculi (R. Asiaticus, R. aconitifolius, etc.) in which the flowers +are double and of various colors. + +<! p. 1189 pr=vmg !> + +||Ranz" des` vaches" (räNs" d` vsh"). [F., the ranks or rows of cows, +||the name being given from the fact that the cattle, when answering +||the musical call of their keeper, move towards him in a row, preceded +||by those wearing bells.] The name for numerous simple, but very +||irregular, melodies of the Swiss mountaineers, blown on a long tube +||called the Alpine horn, and sometimes sung. + +Rap (rp), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A lay or skein containing 120 yards +of yarn. Knight. + +Rap, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rapped (rpt); p. pr. & vb. n. Rapping.] [Akin +to Sw. rappa to strike, rapp stroke, Dan. rap, perhaps of imitative +origin.] To strike with a quick, sharp blow; to knock; as, to rap on +the door. + +Rap, v. t. 1. To strike with a quick blow; to knock on. + + With one great peal they rap the door. + + +Prior. + +2. (Founding) To free (a pattern) in a mold by light blows on the +pattern, so as to facilitate its removal. + +Rap, n. A quick, smart blow; a knock. + +Rap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rapped (rpt), usually written Rapt; p. pr. & +vb. n. Rapping.] [OE. rapen; akin to LG. & D. rapen to snatch, G. +raffen, Sw. rappa; cf. Dan. rappe sig to make haste, and Icel. hrapa to +fall, to rush, hurry. The word has been confused with L. rapere to +seize. Cf. Rape robbery, Rapture, Raff, v., Ramp, v.] 1. To snatch +away; to seize and hurry off. + + And through the Greeks and Ilians they rapt The whirring chariot. + + +Chapman. + + From Oxford I was rapt by my nephew, Sir Edmund Bacon, to Redgrove. + + +Sir H. Wotton. + +2. To hasten. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. + +3. To seize and bear away, as the mind or thoughts; to transport out of +one's self; to affect with ecstasy or rapture; as, rapt into +admiration. + + I 'm rapt with joy to see my Marcia's tears. + + +Addison. + + Rapt into future times, the bard begun. + + +Pope. + +4. To exchange; to truck. [Obs. & Low] + +To rap and ren, To rap and rend. [Perhaps fr. Icel. hrapa to hurry and +ræna plunder, fr. rn plunder, E. ran.] To seize and plunder; to snatch +by violence. Dryden. "[Ye] waste all that ye may rape and renne." +Chaucer. + + All they could rap and rend and pilfer. + + +Hudibras. + +-- To rap out, to utter with sudden violence, as an oath. + + A judge who rapped out a great oath. + + +Addison. + +Rap, n. [Perhaps contr. fr. raparee.] A popular name for any of the +tokens that passed current for a half-penny in Ireland in the early +part of the eighteenth century; any coin of trifling value. + + Many counterfeits passed about under the name of raps. + + +Swift. + + Tie it [her money] up so tight that you can't touch a rap, save + with her consent. + + +Mrs. Alexander. + +Not to care a rap, to care nothing. -- Not worth a rap, worth nothing. + +||Ra*pa"ces (r*p"sz), n. pl. [NL. See Rapacious.] (Zoöl.) Same as +||Accipitres. + +Ra*pa"cious (-shs), a. [L. rapax, -acis, from rapere to seize and carry +off, to snatch away. See Rapid.] + +1. Given to plunder; disposed or accustomed to seize by violence; +seizing by force. " The downfall of the rapacious and licentious +Knights Templar." Motley. + +2. Accustomed to seize food; subsisting on prey, or animals seized by +violence; as, a tiger is a rapacious animal; a rapacious bird. + +3. Avaricious; grasping; extortionate; also, greedy; ravenous; +voracious; as, rapacious usurers; a rapacious appetite. + + [Thy Lord] redeem thee quite from Death's rapacious claim + + +Milton. + +Syn. -- Greedy; grasping; ravenous; voracious. + +-- Ra*pa"cious*ly, adv. -- Ra*pa"cious*ness, n. + +Ra*pac"i*ty (r*ps"*t), n. [L. rapacitas: cf. F. rapacité. See +Rapacious.] 1. The quality of being rapacious; rapaciousness; +ravenousness; as, the rapacity of pirates; the rapacity of wolves. + +2. The act or practice of extorting or exacting by oppressive +injustice; exorbitant greediness of gain. "The rapacity of some ages." +Sprat. + +Rap`a*ree" (rp`*r"), n. See Rapparee. + +Rape (rp), n. [F. râpe a grape stalk.] 1. Fruit, as grapes, plucked +from the cluster. Ray. + +2. The refuse stems and skins of grapes or raisins from which the must +has been expressed in wine making. + +3. A filter containing the above refuse, used in clarifying and +perfecting malt, vinegar, etc. + +Rape wine, a poor, thin wine made from the last dregs of pressed +grapes. + +Rape, n. [Akin to rap to snatch, but confused with L. rapere. See Rap +to snatch.] 1. The act of seizing and carrying away by force; violent +seizure; robbery. + + And ruined orphans of thy rapes complain. + + +Sandys. + +2. (Law) Sexual connection with a woman without her consent. See Age of +consent, under Consent, n. + +3. That which is snatched away. [Obs.] + + Where now are all my hopes? O, never more Shall they revive! nor + death her rapes restore. + + +Sandys. + +4. Movement, as in snatching; haste; hurry. [Obs.] + +Rape, v. t. To commit rape upon; to ravish. + +To rape and ren. See under Rap, v. t., to snatch. + +Rape, v. i. To rob; to pillage. [Obs.] Heywood. + +Rape, n. [Icel. hreppr village, district; cf. Icel. hreppa to catch, +obtain, AS. hrepian, hreppan, to touch.] One of six divisions of the +county of Sussex, England, intermediate between a hundred and a shire. + +Rape, n. [L. rapa, rapum, akin to Gr. "ra`pys, "ra`fys, G. rübe.] +(Bot.) A name given to a variety or to varieties of a plant of the +turnip kind, grown for seeds and herbage. The seeds are used for the +production of rape oil, and to a limited extent for the food of cage +birds. + +These plants, with the edible turnip, have been variously named, but +are all now believed to be derived from the Brassica campestris of +Europe, which by some is not considered distinct from the wild stock +(B. oleracea) of the cabbage. See Cole. + +Broom rape. (Bot.) See Broom rape, in the Vocabulary. -- Rape cake, the +refuse remaining after the oil has been expressed from the rape seed. +-- Rape root. Same as Rape. -- Summer rape. (Bot.) See Colza. + +Rape"ful (rp"fl), a. 1. Violent. [Obs.] + +2. Given to the commission of rape. Byron. + +Rap"ful*ly (rp"fl*l), adv. Violently. [Obs.] + +Raph`a*el*esque" (rf`*l*sk"), a. Like Raphael's works; in Raphael's +manner of painting. + +Raph"a*el*ism (rf"*l*z'm), n. The principles of painting introduced by +Raphael, the Italian painter. + +Raph"a*el*ite (-t), n. One who advocates or adopts the principles of +Raphaelism. + +Raph"a*ny (rf"*n), n. [Cf. F. raphanie.] (Med.) A convulsive disease, +attended with ravenous hunger, not uncommon in Sweden and Germany. It +was so called because supposed to be caused by eating corn with which +seeds of jointed charlock (Raphanus raphanistrum) had been mixed, but +the condition is now known to be a form of ergotism. + +Ra"phe (r"f), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "rafh` a seam or suture, fr. "ra`ptein +to sew or stitch together.] 1. (Anat.) A line, ridge, furrow, or band +of fibers, especially in the median line; as, the raphe of the tongue. + +2. (Bot.) Same as Rhaphe. + +||Raph"i*des (rf"*dz), n. pl. [F. raphide.] (Bot.) See Rhaphides. + +Rap"id (rp"d), a. [L. rapidus, fr. rapere to seize and carry off, to +snatch or hurry away; perhaps akin to Gr. 'arpa`zein: cf. F. rapide. +Cf. Harpy, Ravish.] + +1. Very swift or quick; moving with celerity; fast; as, a rapid stream; +a rapid flight; a rapid motion. + + Ascend my chariot; guide the rapid wheels. + + +Milton. + +2. Advancing with haste or speed; speedy in progression; in quick +sequence; as, rapid growth; rapid improvement; rapid recurrence; rapid +succession. + +3. Quick in execution; as, a rapid penman. + +Rap"id, n. [Cf. F. rapide. See Rapid, a.] The part of a river where the +current moves with great swiftness, but without actual waterfall or +cascade; -- usually in the plural; as, the Lachine rapids in the St. +Lawrence. + + Row, brothers, row, the stream runs fast, The rapids are near, and + the daylight's past. + + +Moore. + +Ra*pid"i*ty (r*pd"*t), n. [L. rapiditas: cf. F. rapidité.] The quality +or state of being rapid; swiftness; celerity; velocity; as, the +rapidity of a current; rapidity of speech; rapidity of growth or +improvement. + +Syn. -- Rapidness; haste; speed; celerity; velocity; swiftness; +fleetness; quickness; agility. + +Rap"id*ly (rp"d*l), adv. In a rapid manner. + +Rap"id*ness, n. Quality of being rapid; rapidity. + +Ra"pi*er (r"p*r), n. [F. rapière, perhaps for raspière, and ultimately +of German origin, akin to E. rasp, v.] A straight sword, with a narrow +and finely pointed blade, used only for thrusting. + +Rapier fish (Zoöl.), the swordfish. [Obs.] Grew. + +Ra"pi*ered (-rd), a. Wearing a rapier. "Scarletcoated, rapiered +figures." Lowell. + +||Ra*pil"li (r*pl"l), n. pl. [It.] (Min.) Lapilli. + +Rap"ine (rp"n), n. [F. rapine; cf. Pr. & It. rapina; all fr. L. rapina, +fr. rapere to seize and carry off by force. See Rapid, and cf. Raven +rapine.] 1. The act of plundering; the seizing and carrying away of +things by force; spoliation; pillage; plunder. + + Men who were impelled to war quite as much by the desire of rapine + as by the desire of glory. + + +Macaulay. + +2. Ravishment; rape. [Obs.] Shak. + +Rap"ine, v. t. To plunder. Sir G. Buck. + +Rap"i*nous (rp"*ns), a. Given to rapine. [Obs.] + +Rap"page (-pj; 48), n. (Founding) The enlargement of a mold caused by +rapping the pattern. + +Rap`pa*ree" (-p*r"), n. A wild Irish plunderer, esp. one of the 17th +century; -- so called from his carrying a half-pike, called a rapary. +[Written also raparee.] + +Rapped (rpt), imp. & p. p. of Rap, to strike. + +Rapped, imp. & p. p. of Rap, to snatch away. + +Rap*pee" (rp*p"), n. [F. râpé, fr. râper to grate, to rasp. See Rasp, +v.] A pungent kind of snuff made from the darker and ranker kinds of +tobacco leaves. + +Rap"pel (rp"pl or rp*pl"), n. [F. Cf. Repeal.] (Mil.) The beat of the +drum to call soldiers to arms. + +Rap"per (rp"pr), n. [From Rap.] 1. One who, or that which, raps or +knocks; specifically, the knocker of a door. Sterne. + +2. A forcible oath or lie. [Slang] Bp. Parker. + +Rap*port" (rp*prt"; F. r`pôr"), n. [F., fr. rapporter to bring again or +back, to refer; pref. re- re- + apporter to bring, L. apportare. Cf. +Report.] Relation; proportion; conformity; correspondence; accord. + + 'T is obvious what rapport there is between the conceptions and + languages in every country. + + +Sir W. Temple. + +||En` rap`port" (äN` r`pôr") [F.], in accord, harmony, or sympathy; +||having a mutual, especially a private, understanding; in mesmerism, +||in that relation of sympathy which permits influence or +||communication. + +Rap*scal"lion (rp*skl"yn), n. [See Rascallion.] A rascal; a good- +for-nothing fellow. [Colloq.] Howitt. + +Rapt (rpt), imp. & p. p. of Rap, to snatch away. + +Rapt, a. 1. Snatched away; hurried away or along. + + Waters rapt with whirling away. + + +Spenser. + +2. Transported with love, admiration, delight, etc.; enraptured. "The +rapt musician." Longfellow. + +3. Wholly absorbed or engrossed, as in work or meditation. "Rapt in +secret studies." Shak. + +Rapt, n. [From F. rapt abduction, rape, L. raptus, fr. rapere to seize +and carry off, to transport; or fr. E. rapt, a. See Rapt, a., and +Rapid.] 1. An ecstasy; a trance. [Obs.] Bp. Morton. + +2. Rapidity. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. + +Rapt, v. t. 1. To transport or ravish. [Obs.] Drayton. + +2. To carry away by force. [Obs.] Daniel. + +Rap"ter (rp"tr), n. A raptor. [Obs.] Drayton. + +Rap"tor (rp"tr), n. [L. raptor, from rapere to ravish. See Rapid.] A +ravisher; a plunderer. [Obs.] + +||Rap*to"res (rp*t"rz), n. pl. [NL. See Raptor.] (Zoöl.) Same as +||Accipitres. Called also Raptatores. + +Rap*to"ri*al (-r*al), a. (Zoöl.) (a) Rapacious; living upon prey; -- +said especially of certain birds. (b) Adapted for seizing prey; -- said +of the legs, claws, etc., of insects, birds, and other animals. (c) Of +or pertaining to the Raptores. See Illust. (f) of Aves. + +Rap*to"ri*ous (-s), a. [L. raptorius.] (Zoöl.) Raptorial. + +Rap"ture (rp"tr; 135), n. [L. rapere, raptum, to carry off by force. +See Rapid.] 1. A seizing by violence; a hurrying along; rapidity with +violence. [Obs.] + + That 'gainst a rock, or flat, her keel did dash With headlong + rapture. + + +Chapman. + +2. The state or condition of being rapt, or carried away from one's +self by agreeable excitement; violence of a pleasing passion; extreme +joy or pleasure; ecstasy. + + Music, when thus applied, raises in the mind of the hearer great + conceptions; it strengthens devotion, and advances praise into + rapture. + + +Addison. + + You grow correct that once with rapture writ. + + +Pope. + +3. A spasm; a fit; a syncope; delirium. [Obs.] Shak. + +Syn. -- Bliss; ecstasy; transport; delight; exultation. + +Rap"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Raptured (-trd; 135); p. pr. & vb. n. +Rapturing.] To transport with excitement; to enrapture. [Poetic] +Thomson. + +Rap"tur*ist, n. An enthusiast. [Obs.] J. Spencer. + +Rap"tur*ize (-z), v. t. & i. To put, or be put, in a state of rapture. +[R.] + +Rap"tur*ous (-s), a. Ecstatic; transporting; ravishing; feeling, +expressing, or manifesting rapture; as, rapturous joy, pleasure, or +delight; rapturous applause. + +Rap"tur*ous*ly, adv. In a rapturous manner. + +Rare (râr), a. [Cf. Rather, Rath.] Early. [Obs.] + + Rude mechanicals that rare and late Work in the market place. + + +Chapman. + +Rare, a. [Compar. Rarer (râr"r); superl. Rarest.] [Cf. AS. hrr, or E. +rare early. √18.] Nearly raw; partially cooked; not thoroughly +cooked; underdone; as, rare beef or mutton. + + New-laid eggs, which Baucis' busy care Turned by a gentle fire, and + roasted rare. + + +Dryden. + +This word is in common use in the United States, but in England its +synonym underdone is preferred. + +Rare, a. [Compar. Rarer (râr"r); superl. Rarest.] [F., fr. L. rarus +thin, rare.] 1. Not frequent; seldom met with or occurring; unusual; +as, a rare event. + +2. Of an uncommon nature; unusually excellent; valuable to a degree +seldom found. + + Rare work, all filled with terror and delight. + + +Cowley. + + Above the rest I judge one beauty rare. + + +Dryden. + +3. Thinly scattered; dispersed. + + Those rare and solitary, these in flocks. + + +Milton. + +4. Characterized by wide separation of parts; of loose texture; not +thick or dense; thin; as, a rare atmosphere at high elevations. + + Water is nineteen times lighter, and by consequence nineteen times + rarer, than gold. + + +Sir I. Newton. + +Syn. -- Scarce; infrequent; unusual; uncommon; singular; extraordinary; +incomparable. -- Rare, Scarce. We call a thing rare when but few +examples, specimens, or instances of it are ever to be met with; as, a +rare plant. We speak of a thing as scarce, which, though usually +abundant, is for the time being to be had only in diminished +quantities; as, a bad harvest makes corn scarce. + + A perfect union of wit and judgment is one of the rarest things in + the world. + + +Burke. + + When any particular piece of money grew very scarce, it was often + recoined by a succeeding emperor. + + +Addison. + +Rare"bit (râr"bt), n. A dainty morsel; a Welsh rabbit. See Welsh +rabbit, under Rabbit. + +Rar"ee-show` (râr"-sh`), n. [Contr. fr. rarity-show.] A show carried +about in a box; a peep show. Pope. + +Rar`e*fac"tion (rr`*fk"shn), n. [Cf. F. raréfaction. See Rarefy.] The +act or process of rarefying; the state of being rarefied; -- opposed to +condensation; as, the rarefaction of air. + +Rar"e*fi`a*ble (rr"*f`*b'l), a. [Cf. F. raréfiable.] Capable of being +rarefied. Boyle. + +Rar"e*fy (rr"*f; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rarefied (- fd); p. pr. & +vb. n. Rarefying (- f`ng).] [F. raréfier; L. rarus rare + -ficare (in +comp.) to make; cf. L. rarefacere. See -fy.] To make rare, thin, +porous, or less dense; to expand or enlarge without adding any new +portion of matter to; -- opposed to condense. + +Rar"e*fy, v. i. To become less dense; to become thin and porous. "Earth +rarefies to dew." Dryden. + +Rare"ly (râr"l), adv. 1. In a rare manner or degree; seldom; not often; +as, things rarely seen. + +2. Finely; excellently; with rare skill. See 3d Rare, 2. + + The person who played so rarely on the flageolet. + + +Sir W. Scott. + + The rest of the apartments are rarely gilded. + + +Evelyn. + +Rare"ness, n. The state or quality of being rare. + + And let the rareness the small gift commend. + + +Dryden. + +Rare"ripe` (-rp`), a. [Rare early + ripe. Cf. Rathripe.] Early ripe; +ripe before others, or before the usual season. + +Rare"ripe`, n. An early ripening fruit, especially a kind of freestone +peach. + +Rar`i*fi*ca"tion (rr`*f*k"shn), n. See Rarefaction. [R.] Am. Chem. +Journal. + +Rar"i*ty (rr"*t; 277), n.; pl. Rarities (- tz). [L. raritas: cf. F. +rareté. See Rare.] 1. The quality or state of being rare; rareness; +thinness; as, the rarity (contrasted with the density) of gases. + +<! p. 1190 pr=vmg !> + +2. That which is rare; an uncommon thing; a thing valued for its +scarcity. + + I saw three rarities of different kinds, which pleased me more than + any other shows in the place. + + +Addison. + +Ras (räs), n. See 2d Reis. + +||Ra`sante" (r`zäNt"), a. [F., p. pr. of raser to graze.] (Fort.) +||Sweeping; grazing; -- applied to a style of fortification in which +||the command of the works over each other, and over the country, is +||kept very low, in order that the shot may more effectually sweep or +||graze the ground before them. H. L. Scott. + +Ras"cal (rs"kal), n. [OE. rascaille rabble, probably from an OF. +racaille, F. racaille the rabble, rubbish, probably akin to F. racler +to scrape, (assumed) LL. rasiculare, rasicare, fr. L. radere, rasum. +See Rase, v.] + +1. One of the rabble; a low, common sort of person or creature; +collectively, the rabble; the common herd; also, a lean, +ill-conditioned beast, esp. a deer. [Obs.] + + He smote of the people seventy men, and fifty thousand of the + rascal. + + +Wyclif (1 Kings [1 Samuel] vi. 19). + + Poor men alone? No, no; the noblest deer hath them [horns] as huge + as the rascal. + + +Shak. + +2. A mean, trickish fellow; a base, dishonest person; a rogue; a +scoundrel; a trickster. + + For I have sense to serve my turn in store, And he's a rascal who + pretends to more. + + +Dryden. + +Ras"cal, a. Of or pertaining to the common herd or common people; low; +mean; base. "The rascal many." Spenser. "The rascal people." Shak. + + While she called me rascal fiddler. + + +Shak. + +Ras"cal*dom (-dm), n. State of being a rascal; rascality; domain of +rascals; rascals, collectively. Emerson. + +Ras"cal*ess, n. A female rascal. [Humorous] + +Ras*cal"i*ty (rs*kl"*t), n.; pl. Rascalities (- tz). + +1. The quality or state of being rascally, or a rascal; mean +trickishness or dishonesty; base fraud. + +2. The poorer and lower classes of people. [Obs.] + + The chief heads of their clans with their several rascalities. + + +T. Jackson. + +Ras*cal"lion (rs*kl"yn), n. [From Rascal.] A low, mean wretch. [Written +also rascalion.] + +Ras"cal*ly (rs"kal*l), a. Like a rascal; trickish or dishonest; base; +worthless; -- often in humorous disparagement, without implication of +dishonesty. + + Our rascally porter is fallen fast asleep. + + +Swift. + +Rase (rz), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rased (rzd); p. pr. & vb. n. Rasing.] +[F. raser, LL. rasare to scrape often, v. freq. fr. L. radere, rasum, +to scrape, shave; cf. Skr. rad to scratch, gnaw, L. rodere to gnaw. Cf. +Raze, Razee, Razor, Rodent.] 1. To rub along the surface of; to graze. +[Obsoles.] + + Was he not in the . . . neighborhood to death? and might not the + bullet which rased his cheek have gone into his head? + + +South. + + Sometimes his feet rased the surface of the water, and at others + the skylight almost flattened his nose. + + +Beckford. + +2. To rub or scratch out; to erase. [Obsoles.] + + Except we rase the faculty of memory, root and branch, out of our + mind. + + +Fuller. + +3. To level with the ground; to overthrow; to destroy; to raze. [In +this sense raze is generally used.] + + Till Troy were by their brave hands rased, They would not turn + home. + + +Chapman. + +This word, rase, may be considered as nearly obsolete; graze, erase, +and raze, having superseded it. + +Rasing iron, a tool for removing old oakum and pitch from the seams of +a vessel. + +Syn. -- To erase; efface; obliterate; expunge; cancel; level; +prostrate; overthrow; subvert; destroy; demolish; ruin. + +Rase, v. i. To be leveled with the ground; to fall; to suffer +overthrow. [Obs.] + +Rase, n. 1. A scratching out, or erasure. [Obs.] + +2. A slight wound; a scratch. [Obs.] Hooker. + +3. (O. Eng. Law) A way of measuring in which the commodity measured was +made even with the top of the measuring vessel by rasing, or striking +off, all that was above it. Burrill. + +Rash (rsh), v. t. [For arace.] 1. To pull off or pluck violently. +[Obs.] + +2. To slash; to hack; to cut; to slice. [Obs.] + + Rashing off helms and riving plates asunder. + + +Spenser. + +Rash, n. [OF. rasche an eruption, scurf, F. rache; fr. (assumed) LL. +rasicare to scratch, fr. L. radere, rasum, to scrape, scratch, shave. +See Rase, and cf. Rascal.] (Med.) A fine eruption or efflorescence on +the body, with little or no elevation. + +Canker rash. See in the Vocabulary. -- Nettle rash. See Urticaria. -- +Rose rash. See Roseola. -- Tooth rash. See Red-gum. + +Rash, n. [Cf. F. ras short-nap cloth, It. & Sp. raso satin (cf. Rase); +or cf. It. rascia serge, G. rasch, probably fr. Arras in France (cf. +Arras).] An inferior kind of silk, or mixture of silk and worsted. +[Obs.] Donne. + +Rash, a. [Compar. Rasher (-r); superl. Rashest.] [Probably of Scand. +origin; cf. Dan. & Sw. rask quick, brisk, rash, Icel. röskr vigorous, +brave, akin to D. & G. rasch quick, of uncertain origin.] 1. Sudden in +action; quick; hasty. [Obs.] "Strong as aconitum or rash gunpowder." +Shak. + +2. Requiring sudden action; pressing; urgent. [Obs.] + + I scarce have leisure to salute you, My matter is so rash. + + +Shak. + +3. Esp., overhasty in counsel or action; precipitate; resolving or +entering on a project or measure without due deliberation and caution; +opposed to prudent; said of persons; as, a rash statesman or commander. + +4. Uttered or undertaken with too much haste or too little reflection; +as, rash words; rash measures. + +5. So dry as to fall out of the ear with handling, as corn. [Prov. +Eng.] Grose. + +Syn. -- Precipitate; headlong; headstrong; foolhardy; hasty; +indiscreet; heedless; thoughtless; incautious; careless; inconsiderate; +unwary. -- Rash, Adventurous, Foolhardy. A man is adventurous who +incurs risk or hazard from a love of the arduous and the bold. A man is +rash who does it from the mere impulse of his feelings, without +counting the cost. A man is foolhardy who throws himself into danger in +disregard or defiance of the consequences. + + Was never known a more adventurous knight. + + +Dryden. + + Her rash hand in evil hour Forth reaching to the fruit, she + plucked, she eat. + + +Milton. + + If any yet be so foolhardy To expose themselves to vain jeopardy; + If they come wounded off, and lame, No honor 's got by such a maim. + + +Hudibras. + +Rash (rsh), v. t. To prepare with haste. [Obs.] Foxe. + +Rash"er (-r), n. [In sense 1, probably fr. rash, a., as being hastily +cooked.] 1. A thin slice of bacon. + +2. (Zoöl.) A California rockfish (Sebastichthys miniatus). + +Rash"ful (-fl), a. Rash; hasty; precipitate. [Obs.] + +Rash"ling (-lng), n. A rash person. [Obs.] + +Rash"ly, adv. In a rash manner; with precipitation. + + He that doth anything rashly, must do it willingly; for he was free + to deliberate or not. + + +L'Estrange. + +Rash"ness, n. The quality or state of being rash. + + We offend . . . by rashness, which is an affirming or denying, + before we have sufficiently informed ourselves. + + +South. + +Syn. -- Temerity; foolhardiness; precipitancy; precipitation; +hastiness; indiscretion; heedlessness; inconsideration; carelessness. +See Temerity. + +||Ras*kol"nik (rs*kl"nk), n. [Russ. raskolenik' schismatic, heretic.] +||(Eccl.) One of the separatists or dissenters from the established or +||Greek church in Russia. [Written also rascolnik.] + +||Ra*so"res (r*z"rz), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. radere, rasum, to scratch. +||See Rase, v. t.] (Zoöl.) An order of birds; the Gallinæ. + +Formerly, the word Rasores was used in a wider sense, so as to include +other birds now widely separated in classification. + +Ra*so"ri*al (-r*al; 277), a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the Rasores, +or gallinaceous birds, as the peacock, domestic fowl, partridge, quail, +and the like. + +Ra"sour (rä"sr), n. Razor. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Rasp (rsp), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rasped (rspt); p. pr. & vb. n. +Rasping.] [OF. rasper, F. râper, to scrape, grate, rasp, fr. OHG. raspn +to scrape together, to collect, probably akin to E. rap. Cf. Rap to +snatch.] + +1. To rub or file with a rasp; to rub or grate with a rough file; as, +to rasp wood to make it smooth; to rasp bones to powder. + +2. Hence, figuratively: To grate harshly upon; to offend by coarse or +rough treatment or language; as, some sounds rasp the ear; his insults +rasped my temper. + +Rasp, n. [OE. raspe, OF. raspe, F. râpe. See Rasp, v.] + +1. A coarse file, on which the cutting prominences are distinct points +raised by the oblique stroke of a sharp punch, instead of lines raised +by a chisel, as on the true file. + +2. The raspberry. [Obs.] "Set sorrel amongst rasps, and the rasps will +be the smaller." Bacon. + +Rasp palm (Bot.), a Brazilian palm tree (Iriartea exorhiza) which has +strong aërial roots like a screw pine. The roots have a hard, rough +surface, and are used by the natives for graters and rasps, whence the +common name. + +||Ras`pa*to"ri*um (rs`p*t"r*m), n. [LL.] See Raspatory. + +Rasp"a*to*ry (rsp"*t*r), n. [LL. raspatorium: cf. F. raspatoir. See +Rasp, v.] A surgeon's rasp. Wiseman. + +Rasp"ber*ry (rz"br*r; 277), n. [From E. rasp, in allusion to the +apparent roughness of the fruit.] (Bot.) (a) The thimble-shaped fruit +of the Rubus Idæus and other similar brambles; as, the black, the red, +and the white raspberry. (b) The shrub bearing this fruit. + +Technically, raspberries are those brambles in which the fruit +separates readily from the core or receptacle, in this differing from +the blackberries, in which the fruit is firmly attached to the +receptacle. + +Rasp"er (rsp"r), n. One who, or that which, rasps; a scraper. + +Ras"pis (rs"ps), n. The raspberry. [Obs.] Langham. + +Rasp"y (rsp"), a. Like a rasp, or the sound made by a rasp; grating. R. +D. Blackmore. + +Rasse (rs), n. [Cf. Malay rsa taste, sensation.] (Zoöl.) A carnivore +(Viverricula Mallaccensis) allied to the civet but smaller, native of +China and the East Indies. It furnishes a perfume resembling that of +the civet, which is highly prized by the Javanese. Called also Malacca +weasel, and lesser civet. + +Ra"sure (r"zhr; 135), n. [L. rasura, fr. radere, rasum, to scrape, to +shave. See Rase, v.] 1. The act of rasing, scraping, or erasing; +erasure; obliteration. + +2. A mark by which a letter, word, or any part of a writing or print, +is erased, effaced, or obliterated; an erasure. Ayliffe. + +Rat (rt), n. [AS. ræt; akin to D. rat, OHG. rato, ratta, G. ratte, +ratze, OLG. ratta, LG. & Dan. rotte, Sw. råtta, F. rat, Ir. & Gael. +radan, Armor. raz, of unknown origin. Cf. Raccoon.] 1. (Zoöl.) One of +several species of small rodents of the genus Mus and allied genera, +larger than mice, that infest houses, stores, and ships, especially the +Norway, or brown, rat (M. decumanus), the black rat (M. rattus), and +the roof rat (M. Alexandrinus). These were introduced into America from +the Old World. + +2. A round and tapering mass of hair, or similar material, used by +women to support the puffs and rolls of their natural hair. [Local, +U.S.] + +3. One who deserts his party or associates; hence, in the trades, one +who works for lower wages than those prescribed by a trades union. +[Cant] + +"It so chanced that, not long after the accession of the house of +Hanover, some of the brown, that is, the German or Norway, rats, were +first brought over to this country (in some timber as is said); and +being much stronger than the black, or, till then, the common, rats, +they in many places quite extirpated the latter. The word (both the +noun and the verb to rat) was first, as we have seen, leveled at the +converts to the government of George the First, but has by degrees +obtained a wider meaning, and come to be applied to any sudden and +mercenary change in politics." Lord Mahon. + +Bamboo rat (Zoöl.), any Indian rodent of the genus Rhizomys. -- Beaver +rat, Coast rat. (Zoöl.) See under Beaver, and Coast. -- Blind rat +(Zoöl.), the mole rat. -- Cotton rat (Zoöl.), a long-haired rat +(Sigmodon hispidus), native of the Southern United States and Mexico. +It makes its nest of cotton and is often injurious to the crop. -- +Ground rat. See Ground Pig, under Ground. -- Hedgehog rat. See under +Hedgehog. -- Kangaroo rat (Zoöl.), the potoroo. -- Norway rat (Zoöl.), +the common brown rat. See Rat. -- Pouched rat. (Zoöl.) (a) See Pocket +Gopher, under Pocket. (b) Any African rodent of the genus Cricetomys. +-- Rat Indians (Ethnol.), a tribe of Indians dwelling near Fort Ukon, +Alaska. They belong to the Athabascan stock. -- Rat mole. (Zoöl.) See +Mole rat, under Mole. -- Rat pit, an inclosed space into which rats are +put to be killed by a dog for sport. -- Rat snake (Zoöl.), a large +colubrine snake (Ptyas mucosus) very common in India and Ceylon. It +enters dwellings, and destroys rats, chickens, etc. -- Spiny rat +(Zoöl.), any South American rodent of the genus Echinomys. -- To smell +a rat. See under Smell. -- Wood rat (Zoöl.), any American rat of the +genus Neotoma, especially N. Floridana, common in the Southern United +States. Its feet and belly are white. + +Rat, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ratted; p. pr. & vb. n. Ratting.] 1. In +English politics, to desert one's party from interested motives; to +forsake one's associates for one's own advantage; in the trades, to +work for less wages, or on other conditions, than those established by +a trades union. + + Coleridge . . . incurred the reproach of having ratted, solely by + his inability to follow the friends of his early days. + + +De Quincey. + +2. To catch or kill rats. + +Ra"ta (rä"t), n. [Maori.] (Bot.) A New Zealand forest tree +(Metrosideros robusta), also, its hard dark red wood, used by the +Maoris for paddles and war clubs. + +Rat`a*bil"i*ty (rt`*bl"*t), n. The quality or state of being ratable. + +Rat"a*ble (rt"*b'l), a. 1. Capable of being rated, or set at a certain +value. + + Twenty oræ were ratable to [at] two marks of silver. + + +Camden. + +2. Liable to, or subjected by law to, taxation; as, ratable estate. + +3. Made at a proportionate rate; as, ratable payments. -- +Rat"a*ble*ness, n. -- Rat"a*bly, adv. + +Rat`a*fi"a (rt`*f"), n. [F., fr. Malay arak arrack + tfa a spirit +distilled from molasses.] A spirituous liquor flavored with the kernels +of cherries, apricots, peaches, or other fruit, spiced, and sweetened +with sugar; -- a term applied to the liqueurs called noyau, curaçao, +etc. [Written also ratifia and ratafee.] + +Ra*tan" (r*tn"), n. See Rattan. + +Rat"a*ny (rt"*n), n. (Bot.) Same as Rhatany. + +||Ra`ta`plan" (r`t`pläN"), n. [F.] The iterative sound of beating a +||drum, or of a galloping horse. + +Ratch (rch), n. (Zoöl.) Same as Rotche. + +Ratch (rch), n. [See Rack the instrument, Ratchet.] A ratchet wheel, or +notched bar, with which a pawl or click works. + +Ratch"el (-l), n. Gravelly stone. [Prov. Eng.] + +Ratch"et (-t), n. [Properly a diminutive from the same word as rack: +cf. F. rochet. See 2d Ratch, Rack the instrument.] 1. A pawl, click, or +detent, for holding or propelling a ratchet wheel, or ratch, etc. + +2. A mechanism composed of a ratchet wheel, or ratch, and pawl. See +Ratchet wheel, below, and 2d Ratch. + +Ratchet brace (Mech.), a boring brace, having a ratchet wheel and pawl +for rotating the tool by back and forth movements of the brace handle. +-- Ratchet drill, a portable machine for working a drill by hand, +consisting of a hand lever carrying at one end a drill holder which is +revolved by means of a ratchet wheel and pawl, by swinging the lever +back and forth. -- Ratchet wheel (Mach.), a circular wheel having +teeth, usually angular, with which a reciprocating pawl engages to turn +the wheel forward, or a stationary pawl to hold it from turning +backward. + +In the cut, the moving pawl c slides over the teeth in one direction, +but in returning, draws the wheel with it, while the pawl d prevents it +from turning in the contrary direction. + +<! p. 1191 pr=vmg !> + +Rate (rt), v. t. & i. [Perh. fr. E. rate, v. t., to value at a certain +rate, to estimate, but more prob. fr. Sw. rata to find fault, to blame, +to despise, to hold cheap; cf. Icel. hrat refuse, hrati rubbish.] To +chide with vehemence; to scold; to censure violently. Spenser. + + Go, rate thy minions, proud, insulting boy! + + +Shak. + + Conscience is a check to beginners in sin, reclaiming them from it, + and rating them for it. + + +Barrow. + +Rate, n. [OF., fr. L. rata (sc. pars), fr. ratus reckoned, fixed by +calculation, p. p. of reri to reckon, to calculate. Cf. Reason.] 1. +Established portion or measure; fixed allowance. + + The one right feeble through the evil rate Of food which in her + duress she had found. + + +Spenser. + +2. That which is established as a measure or criterion; degree; +standard; rank; proportion; ratio; as, a slow rate of movement; rate of +interest is the ratio of the interest to the principal, per annum. + + Heretofore the rate and standard of wit was different from what it + is nowadays. + + +South. + + In this did his holiness and godliness appear above the rate and + pitch of other men's, in that he was so . . . merciful. + + +Calamy. + + Many of the horse could not march at that rate, nor come up soon + enough. + + +Clarendon. + +3. Valuation; price fixed with relation to a standard; cost; charge; +as, high or low rates of transportation. + + They come at dear rates from Japan. + + +Locke. + +4. A tax or sum assessed by authority on property for public use, +according to its income or value; esp., in England, a local tax; as, +parish rates; town rates. + +5. Order; arrangement. [Obs.] + + Thus sat they all around in seemly rate. + + +Spenser. + +6. Ratification; approval. [R.] Chapman. + +7. (Horol.) The gain or loss of a timepiece in a unit of time; as, +daily rate; hourly rate; etc. + +8. (Naut.) (a) The order or class to which a war vessel belongs, +determined according to its size, armament, etc.; as, first rate, +second rate, etc. (b) The class of a merchant vessel for marine +insurance, determined by its relative safety as a risk, as A1, A2, etc. + +Rate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rated; p. pr. & vb. n. Rating.] 1. To set a +certain estimate on; to value at a certain price or degree. + + To rate a man by the nature of his companions is a rule frequent + indeed, but not infallible. + + +South. + + You seem not high enough your joys to rate. + + +Dryden. + +2. To assess for the payment of a rate or tax. + +3. To settle the relative scale, rank, position, amount, value, or +quality of; as, to rate a ship; to rate a seaman; to rate a pension. + +4. To ratify. [Obs.] "To rate the truce." Chapman. + +To rate a chronometer, to ascertain the exact rate of its gain or loss +as compared with true time, so as to make an allowance or computation +dependent thereon. + +Syn. -- To value; appraise; estimate; reckon. + +Rate, v. i. 1. To be set or considered in a class; to have rank; as, +the ship rates as a ship of the line. + +2. To make an estimate. + +Rate"a*ble (-*b'l), a. See Ratable. + +Ra"tel (r"tl), n. [F.] (Zoöl.) Any carnivore of the genus Mellivora, +allied to the weasels and the skunks; -- called also honey badger. + +Several species are known in Africa and India. The Cape ratel (M. +Capensis) and the Indian ratel (M. Indica) are the best known. The back +is gray; the lower parts, face, and tail are black. They are fond of +honey, and rob the nests of wild bees. + +Rate"pay`er (-p`r), n. One who pays rates or taxes. + +Rat"er (rt"r), n. One who rates or estimates. + +Rat"er, n. One who rates or scolds. + +Rat"fish` (rt"fsh`), n. (Zoöl.) Same as Rat-tail. + +Rath (rth), n. [Ir. rath.] 1. A hill or mound. [Ireland] Spenser. + +2. A kind of ancient fortification found in Ireland. + +{ Rath, Rathe } (rth), a. [AS. hræð, hræd, quick, akin to OHG. hrad, +Icel. hraðr.] Coming before others, or before the usual time; early. +[Obs. or Poetic] + + Bring the rathe primrose that forsaken dies. + + +Milton. + +{ Rath, Rathe, } adv. Early; soon; betimes. [Obs. or Poetic] + + Why rise ye up so rathe? + + +Chaucer. + + Too rathe cut off by practice criminal. + + +Spenser. + +Rath"er (r"r), a. [Compar. of Rath, a.] Prior; earlier; former. [Obs.] + + Now no man dwelleth at the rather town. + + +Sir J. Mandeville. + +Rath"er (r"r; 277), adv. [AS. hraðor, compar. of hraðe, hræðe, quickly, +immediately. See Rath, a.] + +1. Earlier; sooner; before. [Obs.] + + Thou shalt, quod he, be rather false than I. + + +Chaucer. + + A good mean to come the rather to grace. + + +Foxe. + +2. More readily or willingly; preferably. + + My soul chooseth . . . death rather than my life. + + +Job vii. 15. + +3. On the other hand; to the contrary of what was said or suggested; +instead. + + Was nothing bettered, but rather grew worse. + + +Mark v. 26. + +4. Of two alternatives conceived of, this by preference to, or as more +likely than, the other; somewhat. + + He sought throughout the world, but sought in vain, And nowhere + finding, rather feared her slain. + + +Dryden. + +5. More properly; more correctly speaking. + + This is an art Which does mend nature, change it rather, but The + art itself is nature. + + +Shak. + +6. In some degree; somewhat; as, the day is rather warm; the house is +rather damp. + +The rather, the more so; especially; for better reason; for particular +cause. + + You are come to me in happy time, The rather for I have some sport + in hand. + + +Shak. + +-- Had rather, or Would rather, prefer to; prefers to; as, he had, or +would, rather go than stay. "I had rather speak five words with my +understanding than ten thousand words in an unknown tongue." 1 Cor. +xiv. 19. See Had rather, under Had. + +Rath"ripe` (rth"rp`), a. Rareripe, or early ripe. -- n. A rareripe. +[Obs. or Prov. Eng.] + + Such who delight in rathripe fruits. + + +Fuller. + +Rat`i*fi*ca"tion (rt`*f*k"shn), n. [Cf. F. ratification.] The act of +ratifying; the state of being ratified; confirmation; sanction; as, the +ratification of a treaty. + +Rat"i*fi`er (rt"*f`r), n. One who, or that which, ratifies; a +confirmer. Shak. + +Rat"i*fy (-f), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ratified (-fd); p. pr. & vb. n. +Ratifying (- f`ng).] [F. ratifier, fr. L. ratus fixed by calculation, +firm, valid + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See Rate, n., and -fy.] To +approve and sanction; to make valid; to confirm; to establish; to +settle; especially, to give sanction to, as something done by an agent +or servant; as, to ratify an agreement, treaty, or contract; to ratify +a nomination. + + It is impossible for the divine power to set a seal to a lie by + ratifying an imposture with such a miracle. + + +South. + +Rat`i*ha*bi"tion (-h*bsh"n), n. [L. ratihabitio; ratus fixed, valid + +habere to hold.] Confirmation or approbation, as of an act or contract. +[Obs.] Jer. Taylor. + +Ra"ti*o (r"sh* or r"sh), n. [L., fr. reri, ratus, to reckon, believe, +think, judge. See Reason.] 1. (Math.) The relation which one quantity +or magnitude has to another of the same kind. It is expressed by the +quotient of the division of the first by the second; thus, the ratio of +3 to 6 is expressed by or ½; of a to b by a/b; or (less commonly) the +second term is made the dividend; as, a:b = b/a. + +Some writers consider ratio as the quotient itself, making ratio +equivalent to a number. + +The term ratio is also sometimes applied to the difference of two +quantities as well as to their quotient, in which case the former is +called arithmetical ratio, the latter, geometrical ratio. The name +ratio is sometimes given to the rule of three in arithmetic. See under +Rule. + +2. Hence, fixed relation of number, quantity, or degree; rate; +proportion; as, the ratio of representation in Congress. + +Compound ratio, Duplicate ratio, Inverse ratio, etc. See under +Compound, Duplicate, etc. -- Ratio of a geometrical progression, the +constant quantity by which each term is multiplied to produce the +succeeding one. + +Ra`ti*oc"i*nate (rsh`*s"*nt), v. i. [L. ratiocinatus, p. p. of +ratiocinari, fr. ratio reason. See Ratio.] To reason, esp. deductively; +to offer reason or argument. + +Ra`ti*oc`i*na"tion (-n"shn), n. [L. ratiocinatio: cf. F. +ratiocination.] The process of reasoning, or deducing conclusions from +premises; deductive reasoning. + +Ra`ti*oc"i*na*tive (- s"*n*tv), a. [L. ratiocinativus.] Characterized +by, or addicted to, ratiocination; consisting in the comparison of +propositions or facts, and the deduction of inferences from the +comparison; argumentative; as, a ratiocinative process. + + The ratiocinative meditativeness of his character. + + +Coleridge. + +Ra`ti*oc"i*na*to*ry (-n*t*r), a. Ratiocinative. [R.] + +Ra"tion (r"shn or rsh"n), n. [F., fr. L. ratio a reckoning, +calculation, relation, reference, LL. ratio ration. See Ratio.] 1. A +fixed daily allowance of provisions assigned to a soldier in the army, +or a sailor in the navy, for his subsistence. + +Officers have several rations, the number varying according to their +rank or the number of their attendants. + +2. Hence, a certain portion or fixed amount dealt out; an allowance; an +allotment. + +Ra"tion, v. t. To supply with rations, as a regiment. + +Ra"tion*al (rsh"n*al), a. [L. rationalis: cf. F. rationnel. See Ratio, +Reason, and cf. Rationale.] 1. Relating to the reason; not physical; +mental. + + Moral philosophy was his chiefest end; for the rational, the + natural, and mathematics . . . were but simple pastimes in + comparison of the other. + + +Sir T. North. + +2. Having reason, or the faculty of reasoning; endowed with reason or +understanding; reasoning. + + It is our glory and happiness to have a rational nature. + + +Law. + +3. Agreeable to reason; not absurd, preposterous, extravagant, foolish, +fanciful, or the like; wise; judicious; as, rational conduct; a +rational man. + +4. (Chem.) Expressing the type, structure, relations, and reactions of +a compound; graphic; -- said of formulæ. See under Formula. + +Rational horizon. (Astron.) See Horizon, 2 (b). -- Rational quantity +(Alg.), one that can be expressed without the use of a radical sign, or +in exact parts of unity; -- opposed to irrational or radical quantity. +-- Rational symptom (Med.), one elicited by the statements of the +patient himself and not as the result of a physical examination. + +Syn. -- Sane; sound; intelligent; reasonable; sensible; wise; discreet; +judicious. -- Rational, Reasonable. Rational has reference to reason as +a faculty of the mind, and is opposed to irrational; as, a rational +being, a rational state of mind, rational views, etc. In these cases +the speculative reason is more particularly referred to. Reasonable has +reference to the exercise of this faculty for practical purposes, and +means, governed or directed by reason; as, reasonable desires or plans; +a reasonable charge; a reasonable prospect of success. + + What higher in her society thou find'st Attractive, human, + rational, love still. + + +Milton. + + A law may be reasonable in itself, although a man does not allow + it, or does not know the reason of the lawgivers. + + +Swift. + +Ra"tion*al, n. A rational being. Young. + +Ra`tion*a"le (rsh`n*"l), n. [L. rationalis, neut. rationale. See +Rational, a.] An explanation or exposition of the principles of some +opinion, action, hypothesis, phenomenon, or the like; also, the +principles themselves. + +Ra"tion*al*ism (rsh"n*al*z'm), n. [Cf. F. rationalisme.] 1. (Theol.) +The doctrine or system of those who deduce their religious opinions +from reason or the understanding, as distinct from, or opposed to, +revelation. + +2. (Philos.) The system that makes rational power the ultimate test of +truth; -- opposed to sensualism, or sensationalism, and empiricism. +Fleming. + +Ra"tion*al*ist, n. [Cf. F. rationaliste.] One who accepts rationalism +as a theory or system; also, disparagingly, a false reasoner. See +Citation under Reasonist. + +{ Ra`tion*al*is"tic (-s"tk), Ra`tion*al*is"tic*al (-t*kal), } a. +Belonging to, or in accordance with, the principles of rationalism. -- +Ra`tion*al*is"tic*al*ly, adv. + +Ra`tion*al"i*ty (-l"*t; 277), n.; pl. -ties (- tz). [F. rationalité, or +L. rationalitas.] The quality or state of being rational; agreement +with reason; possession of reason; due exercise of reason; +reasonableness. + + When God has made rationality the common portion of mankind, how + came it to be thy inclosure? + + +Gov. of Tongue. + + Well-directed intentions, whose rationalities will never bear a + rigid examination. + + +Sir T. Browne. + +Ra`tion*al*i*za"tion (rsh`n*al**z"shn), n. The act or process of +rationalizing. + +Ra"tion*al*ize (rsh"n*al*z), v. t. 1. To make rational; also, to +convert to rationalism. + +2. To interpret in the manner of a rationalist. + +3. To form a rational conception of. + +4. (Alg.) To render rational; to free from radical signs or quantities. + +Ra"tion*al*ize, v. i. To use, and rely on, reason in forming a theory, +belief, etc., especially in matters of religion: to accord with the +principles of rationalism. + + Theodore . . . is justly considered the chief rationalizing doctor + of antiquity. + + +J. H. Newman. + +Ra"tion*al*ly, adv. In a rational manner. + +Ra"tion*al*ness, n. The quality or state of being rational; +rationality. + +||Ra*ti"tæ (r*t"t), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. ratis a raft; cf. L. ratitus +||marked with the figure of a raft.] (Zoöl.) An order of birds in which +||the wings are small, rudimentary, or absent, and the breastbone is +||destitute of a keel. The ostrich, emu, moa, and apteryx are examples. + +Rat"i*tate (rt"*tt), a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the Ratitæ. + +Rat"ite (rt"t), a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the Ratitæ. - - n. One +of the Ratitæ. + +{ Rat"lines, Rat"lins } (rt"lnz), n. pl. [Of uncertain origin.] (Naut.) +The small transverse ropes attached to the shrouds and forming the +steps of a rope ladder. [Written also ratlings, and rattlings.] Totten. + +Rat"on (rt"n), n. [Cf. Raccoon.] A small rat. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. + +Ra*toon" (r*tn"), n. 1. Same as Rattoon, n. + +2. A rattan cane. [Obs.] Pepys. + +Ra*toon", v. i. Same as Rattoon, v. i. + +Rats"bane` (rts"bn`), n. [Rat + bane.] Rat poison; white arsenic. + +Rats"baned` (-bnd`), a. Poisoned by ratsbane. + +Rat"-tail` (rt"tl`), a. Like a rat's tail in form; as, a rat-tail file, +which is round, slender, and tapering. See Illust. of File. + +Rat"-tail`, n. 1. (Far.) pl. An excrescence growing from the pastern to +the middle of the shank of a horse. + +2. (Zoöl.) (a) The California chimæra. See Chimæra. (b) Any fish of the +genus Macrurus. See Grenadier, 2. + +Rat"-tailed` (-tld`), a. (Zoöl.) Having a long, tapering tail like that +of a rat. + +Rat-tailed larva (Zoöl.), the larva of a fly of the genus Eristalis. +See Eristalis. -- Rat-tailed serpent (Zoöl.), the fer- de-lance. -- +Rat-tailed shrew (Zoöl.), the musk shrew. + +Rat*tan" (rt*tn"), n. [Malay rtan.] [Written also ratan.] (Bot.) One of +the long slender flexible stems of several species of palms of the +genus Calamus, mostly East Indian, though some are African and +Australian. They are exceedingly tough, and are used for walking +sticks, wickerwork, chairs and seats of chairs, cords and cordage, and +many other purposes. + +Rat*teen" (-tn"), n. [F. ratine.] A thick woolen stuff quilled or +twilled. + +Rat"ten (rt"t'n), v. t. [Prov. E. ratten a rat, hence the verb +literally means, to do mischief like a rat.] To deprive feloniously of +the tools used in one's employment (as by breaking or stealing them), +for the purpose of annoying; as, to ratten a mechanic who works during +a strike. [Trades-union Cant] J. McCarthy. + +Rat"ter (-tr), n. 1. One who, or that which, rats, as one who deserts +his party. + +2. Anything which catches rats; esp., a dog trained to catch rats; a +rat terrier. See Terrier. + +Rat`ti*net" (-t*nt"), n. A woolen stuff thinner than ratteen. + +Rat"ting (rt"tng), n. 1. The conduct or practices of one who rats. See +Rat, v. i., 1. Sydney Smith. + +2. The low sport of setting a dog upon rats confined in a pit to see +how many he will kill in a given time. + +Rat"tle (-t'l), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rattled (-t'ld); p. pr. & vb. n. +Rattling (-tlng).] [Akin to D. ratelen, G. rasseln, AS. hrætele a +rattle, in hrætelwyrt rattlewort; cf. Gr. kradai`nein to swing, wave. +Cf. Rail a bird.] 1. To make a quick succession of sharp, inharmonious +noises, as by the collision of hard and not very sonorous bodies shaken +together; to clatter. + + And the rude hail in rattling tempest forms. + + +Addison. + + 'T was but the wind, Or the car rattling o'er the stony street. + + +Byron. + +<! p. 1192 pr=vmg !> + +2. To drive or ride briskly, so as to make a clattering; as, we rattled +along for a couple of miles. [Colloq.] + +3. To make a clatter with the voice; to talk rapidly and idly; to +clatter; -- with on or away; as, she rattled on for an hour. [Colloq.] + +Rat"tle (rt"t'l), v. t. 1. To cause to make a rattling or clattering +sound; as, to rattle a chain. + +2. To assail, annoy, or stun with a rattling noise. + + Sound but another [drum], and another shall As loud as thine rattle + the welkin's ear. + + +Shak. + +3. Hence, to disconcert; to confuse; as, to rattle one's judgment; to +rattle a player in a game. [Colloq.] + +4. To scold; to rail at. L'Estrange. + +To rattle off. (a) To tell glibly or noisily; as, to rattle off a +story. (b) To rail at; to scold. "She would sometimes rattle off her +servants sharply." Arbuthnot. + +Rat"tle, n. 1. A rapid succession of sharp, clattering sounds; as, the +rattle of a drum. Prior. + +2. Noisy, rapid talk. + + All this ado about the golden age is but an empty rattle and + frivolous conceit. + + +Hakewill. + +3. An instrument with which a rattling sound is made; especially, a +child's toy that rattles when shaken. + + The rattles of Isis and the cymbals of Brasilea nearly enough + resemble each other. + + +Sir W. Raleigh. + + Pleased with a rattle, tickled with a straw. + + +Pope. + +4. A noisy, senseless talker; a jabberer. + + It may seem strange that a man who wrote with so much perspicuity, + vivacity, and grace, should have been, whenever he took a part in + conversation, an empty, noisy, blundering rattle. + + +Macaulay. + +5. A scolding; a sharp rebuke. [Obs.] Heylin. + +6. (Zoöl.) Any organ of an animal having a structure adapted to produce +a rattling sound. + +The rattle of a rattlesnake is composed of the hardened terminal +scales, loosened in succession, but not cast off, and so modified in +form as to make a series of loose, hollow joints. + +7. The noise in the throat produced by the air in passing through mucus +which the lungs are unable to expel; -- chiefly observable at the +approach of death, when it is called the death rattle. See Râle. + +To spring a rattle, to cause it to sound. -- Yellow rattle (Bot.), a +yellow-flowered herb (Rhinanthus Crista-galli), the ripe seeds of which +rattle in the inflated calyx. + +Rat"tle*box` (-bks`), n. 1. A toy that makes a rattling sound; a +rattle. + +2. (Bot.) (a) An American herb (Crotalaria sagittalis), the seeds of +which, when ripe, rattle in the inflated pod. (b) Any species of +Crotalaria, a genus of yellow-flowered herbs, with inflated, +many-seeded pods. + +Rat"tle-brained` (-brnd`), a. Giddy; rattle-headed. + +Rat"tle*head` (-hd`), n. An empty, noisy talker. + +Rat"tle-head`ed, a. Noisy; giddy; unsteady. + +Rat"tle*mouse` (-mous`), n. A bat. [Obs.] Puttenham. + +Rat"tle*pate` (-pt`), n. A rattlehead. C. Kingsley. + +Rat"tle-pat`ed, a. Rattle- headed. "A noisy, rattle-pated fellow." W. +Irving. + +Rat"tler (-tlr), n. One who, or that which, rattles. + +Rat"tle*snake` (rt"t'l*snk`), n. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of +venomous American snakes belonging to the genera Crotalus and +Caudisona, or Sistrurus. They have a series of horny interlocking +joints at the end of the tail which make a sharp rattling sound when +shaken. The common rattlesnake of the Northern United States (Crotalus +horridus), and the diamond rattlesnake of the South (C. adamanteus), +are the best known. See Illust. of Fang. + +Ground rattlesnake (Zoöl.), a small rattlesnake (Caudisona, or +Sistrurus, miliaria) of the Southern United States, having a small +rattle. It has nine large scales on its head. -- Rattlesnake fern +(Bot.), a common American fern (Botrychium Virginianum) having a +triangular decompound frond and a long- stalked panicle of spore cases +rising from the middle of the frond. -- Rattlesnake grass (Bot.), a +handsome American grass (Glyceria Canadensis) with an ample panicle of +rather large ovate spikelets, each one composed of imbricated parts and +slightly resembling the rattle of the rattlesnake. Sometimes called +quaking grass. -- Rattlesnake plantain. (Bot.) See under Plantain. -- +Rattlesnake root (Bot.), a name given to certain American species of +the composite genus Prenanthes (P. alba and P. serpentaria), formerly +asserted to cure the bite of the rattlesnake. Called also lion's foot, +gall of the earth, and white lettuce. -- Rattlesnake's master. (Bot.) +(a) A species of Agave (Agave Virginica) growing in the Southern United +States. (b) An umbelliferous plant (Eryngium yuccæfolium) with large +bristly-fringed linear leaves. (c) A composite plant, the blazing star +(Liatris squarrosa). -- Rattlesnake weed (Bot.), a plant of the +composite genus Hieracium (H. venosum); -- probably so named from its +spotted leaves. See also Snakeroot. + +Rat"tle*trap` (-trp`), n. Any machine or vehicle that does not run +smoothly. [Colloq.] A. Trollope. + +Rat"tle*weed` (-wd`), n. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Astragalus. See +Milk vetch. + +Rat"tle*wings` (-wngz`), n. (Zoöl.) The golden-eye. + +Rat"tle*wort` (-wûrt`), n. [AS. hrætelwyrt.] (Bot.) Same as Rattlebox. + +Rat"tlings (rt"tlngz), n. pl. (Naut.) Ratlines. + +Rat*toon" (rt*tn"), n. [Sp. retoño.] One of the stems or shoots of +sugar cane of the second year's growth from the root, or later. See +Plant-cane. + +Rat*toon", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rattooned (-tnd"); p. pr. & vb. n. +Rattooning.] [Cf. Sp. retoñar.] To sprout or spring up from the root, +as sugar cane from the root of the previous year's planting. + +Rau"cid (r"sd), a. [L. raucus hoarse; cf. LL. raucidus.] Hoarse; +raucous. [R.] Lamb. + +Rau"ci*ty (r"s*t), n. [L. raucitas, from raucus hoarse: cf. F. +raucité.] Harshness of sound; rough utterance; hoarseness; as, the +raucity of a trumpet, or of the human voice. + +Rau"cous (r"ks), a. [L. raucus.] Hoarse; harsh; rough; as, a raucous, +thick tone. "His voice slightly raucous." Aytoun. -- Rau"cous*ly, adv. + +Raught (rt), obs. imp. & p. p. of Reach. Shak. + +Raught, obs. imp. & p. p. of Reck. Chaucer. + +Raunch (rnch), v. t. See Ranch. Spenser. + +Raun*soun" (rn*sn"), n. Ransom. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Rav"age (rv"j; 48), n. [F., fr. (assumed) L. rapagium, rapaticum, fr. +rapere to carry off by force, to ravish. See Rapacious, Ravish.] +Desolation by violence; violent ruin or destruction; devastation; +havoc; waste; as, the ravage of a lion; the ravages of fire or tempest; +the ravages of an army, or of time. + + Would one think 't were possible for love To make such ravage in a + noble soul? + + +Addison. + +Syn. -- Despoilment; devastation; desolation; pillage; plunder; spoil; +waste; ruin. + +Rav"age, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ravaged (-jd); p. pr. & vb. n. Ravaging +(-*jng).] [F. ravager. See Ravage, n.] To lay waste by force; to +desolate by violence; to commit havoc or devastation upon; to spoil; to +plunder; to consume. + + Already Cæsar Has ravaged more than half the globe. + + +Addison. + + His lands were daily ravaged, his cattle driven away. + + +Macaulay. + +Syn. -- To despoil; pillage; plunder; sack; spoil; devastate; desolate; +destroy; waste; ruin. + +Rav"a*ger (-*jr), n. One who, or that which, ravages or lays waste; +spoiler. + +Rave (rv), obs. imp. of Rive. + +Rave, n. [Prov. E. raves, or rathes, a frame laid on a wagon, for +carrying hay, etc.] One of the upper side pieces of the frame of a +wagon body or a sleigh. + +Rave (rv), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Raved (rvd); p. pr. & vb. n. Raving.] +[F. rêver to rave, to be delirious, to dream; perhaps fr. L. rabere to +rave, rage, be mad or furious. Cf. Rage, Reverie.] 1. To wander in mind +or intellect; to be delirious; to talk or act irrationally; to be wild, +furious, or raging, as a madman. + + In our madness evermore we rave. + + +Chaucer. + + Have I not cause to rave and beat my breast? + + +Addison. + + The mingled torrent of redcoats and tartans went raving down the + valley to the gorge of Killiecrankie. + + +Macaulay. + +2. To rush wildly or furiously. Spenser. + +3. To talk with unreasonable enthusiasm or excessive passion or +excitement; -- followed by about, of, or on; as, he raved about her +beauty. + + The hallowed scene Which others rave of, though they know it not. + + +Byron. + +Rave, v. t. To utter in madness or frenzy; to say wildly; as, to rave +nonsense. Young. + +Rave"hook (rv"hk), n. (Shipbuilding) A tool, hooked at the end, for +enlarging or clearing seams for the reception of oakum. + +Rav"el (rv"'l), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Raveled (-'ld) or Ravelled; p. pr. +& vb. n. Raveling or Ravelling.] [OD. ravelen, D. rafelen, akin to LG. +rebeln, rebbeln, reffeln.] 1. To separate or undo the texture of; to +take apart; to untwist; to unweave or unknit; -- often followed by out; +as, to ravel a twist; to ravel out a stocking. + + Sleep, that knits up the raveled sleave of care. + + +Shak. + +2. To undo the intricacies of; to disentangle. + +3. To pull apart, as the threads of a texture, and let them fall into a +tangled mass; hence, to entangle; to make intricate; to involve. + + What glory 's due to him that could divide Such raveled interests? + has the knot untied? + + +Waller. + + The faith of very many men seems a duty so weak and indifferent, is + so often untwisted by violence, or raveled and entangled in weak + discourses! + + +Jer. Taylor. + +Rav"el, v. i. 1. To become untwisted or unwoven; to be disentangled; to +be relieved of intricacy. + +2. To fall into perplexity and confusion. [Obs.] + + Till, by their own perplexities involved, They ravel more, still + less resolved. + + +Milton. + +3. To make investigation or search, as by picking out the threads of a +woven pattern. [Obs.] + + The humor of raveling into all these mystical or entangled matters. + + +Sir W. Temple. + +Rav"el*er (-r), n. [Also raveller.] One who ravels. + +Rave"lin (rv"ln; 277), n. [F.; cf. Sp. rebellin, It. revellino, +rivellino; perhaps fr. L. re- again + vallum wall.] (Fort.) A detached +work with two embankments which make a salient angle. It is raised +before the curtain on the counterscarp of the place. Formerly called +demilune, and half-moon. + +Rav"el*ing (rv"'l*ng), n. [Also ravelling.] 1. The act of untwisting or +of disentangling. + +2. That which is raveled out; esp., a thread detached from a texture. + +Ra"ven (r"v'n), n. [AS. hræfn; akin to D. raaf, G. rabe, OHG. hraban, +Icel. hrafn, Dan. ravn, and perhaps to L. corvus, Gr. ko`rax. +√19.] (Zoöl.) A large black passerine bird (Corvus corax), +similar to the crow, but larger. It is native of the northern parts of +Europe, Asia, and America, and is noted for its sagacity. + +Sea raven (Zoöl.), the cormorant. + +Ra"ven, a. Of the color of the raven; jet black; as, raven curls; raven +darkness. + +Rav"en (rv"'n), n. [OF. raviné impetuosity, violence, F. ravine ravine. +See Ravine, Rapine.] [Written also ravin, and ravine.] 1. Rapine; +rapacity. Ray. + +2. Prey; plunder; food obtained by violence. + +Rav"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ravened (-'nd); p. pr. & vb. n. Ravening.] +[Written also ravin, and ravine.] + +1. To obtain or seize by violence. Hakewill. + +2. To devour with great eagerness. + + Like rats that ravin down their proper bane. + + +Shak. + +Rav"en, v. i. To prey with rapacity; to be greedy; to show rapacity. +[Written also ravin, and ravine.] + + Benjamin shall raven as a wolf. + + +Gen. xlix. 27. + +||Rav`e*na"la (rv`*nä"l), n. [Malagasy.] (Bot.) A genus of plants +||related to the banana. + +Ravenala Madagascariensis, the principal species, is an unbranched tree +with immense oarlike leaves growing alternately from two sides of the +stem. The sheathing bases of the leafstalks collect and retain rain +water, which flows freely when they are pierced with a knife, whence +the plant is called traveler's tree. + +Rav"en*er (rv"'n*r), n. 1. One who, or that which, ravens or plunders. +Gower. + +2. A bird of prey, as the owl or vulture. [Obs.] Holland. + +Rav"en*ing, n. Eagerness for plunder; rapacity; extortion. Luke xi. 39. + +Rav"en*ing, a. Greedily devouring; rapacious; as, ravening wolves. -- +Rav"en*ing*ly, adv. + +Rav"en*ous (rv"'n*s), a. [From 2d Raven.] 1. Devouring with rapacious +eagerness; furiously voracious; hungry even to rage; as, a ravenous +wolf or vulture. + +2. Eager for prey or gratification; as, a ravenous appetite or desire. + +-- Rav"en*ous*ly, adv. -- Rav"en*ous*ness, n. + +Ra"ven's-duck` (r"v'nz-dk`), n. [Cf. G. ravenstuch.] A fine quality of +sailcloth. Ham. Nav. Encyc. + +Rav"er (rv"r), n. One who raves. + +Rav"in (rv"'n), a. Ravenous. [Obs.] Shak. + +{ Rav"in, Rav"ine } (rv"'n), n. [See 2d Raven.] Food obtained by +violence; plunder; prey; raven. "Fowls of ravyne." Chaucer. + + Though Nature, red in tooth and claw With ravine, shrieked against + his creed. + + +Tennyson. + +{ Rav"in, Rav"ine, } v. t. & i. See Raven, v. t. & i. + +Ra*vine" (r*vn"), n. [F., a place excavated by a torrent, a ravine, fr. +ravir to snatch or tear away, L. rapere; cf. L. rapina rapine. See +Ravish, and cf. Rapine, Raven prey.] 1. A torrent of water. [Obs.] +Cotgrave. + +2. A deep and narrow hollow, usually worn by a stream or torrent of +water; a gorge; a mountain cleft. + +Rav"ing (rv"ng), a. Talking irrationally and wildly; as, a raving +lunatic. -- Rav"ing*ly, adv. + +Rav"ish (rv"sh), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ravished (-sht); p. pr. & vb. n. +Ravishing.] [OE. ravissen, F. ravir, fr. L. rapere to snatch or tear +away, to ravish. See Rapacious, Rapid, and - ish.] 1. To seize and +carry away by violence; to snatch by force. + + These hairs which thou dost ravish from my chin Will quicken, and + accuse thee. + + +Shak. + + This hand shall ravish thy pretended right. + + +Dryden. + +2. To transport with joy or delight; to delight to ecstasy. "Ravished . +. . for the joy." Chaucer. + + Thou hast ravished my heart. + + +Cant. iv. 9. + +3. To have carnal knowledge of (a woman) by force, and against her +consent; to rape. Shak. + +Syn. -- To transport; entrance; enrapture; delight; violate; deflour; +force. + +Rav"ish*er (-r), n. One who ravishes (in any sense). + +Rav"ish*ing, a. Rapturous; transporting. + +Rav"ish*ing*ly, adv. In a ravishing manner. + +Rav"ish*ment (-ment), n. [F. ravissement. See Ravish.] 1. The act of +carrying away by force or against consent; abduction; as, the +ravishment of children from their parents, of a ward from his guardian, +or of a wife from her husband. Blackstone. + +2. The state of being ravished; rapture; transport of delight; ecstasy. +Spenser. + + In whose sight all things joy, with ravishment Attracted by thy + beauty still to gaze. + + +Milton. + +3. The act of ravishing a woman; rape. + +Rav"is*sant (rv"s*snt), a. [F.] (Her.) In a half-raised position, as if +about to spring on prey. + +<! p. 1193 pr=vmg !> + +Raw (r), a. [Compar. Rawer (-r); superl. Rawest.] [AS. hreáw; akin to +D. raauw, LG. rau, G. roh, OHG. r, Icel. hrr, Dan. raa, Sw. rå, L. +crudus, Gr. kre`as flesh, Skr. kravis raw flesh. √18. Cf. Crude, +Cruel.] 1. Not altered from its natural state; not prepared by the +action of heat; as, raw sienna; specifically, not cooked; not changed +by heat to a state suitable for eating; not done; as, raw meat. + +2. Hence: Unprepared for use or enjoyment; immature; unripe; +unseasoned; inexperienced; unpracticed; untried; as, raw soldiers; a +raw recruit. + + Approved himself to the raw judgment of the multitude. + + +De Quincey. + +3. Not worked in due form; in the natural state; untouched by art; +unwrought. Specifically: (a) Not distilled; as, raw water. [Obs.] +Bacon. (b) Not spun or twisted; as, raw silk or cotton. (c) Not mixed +or diluted; as, raw spirits. (d) Not tried; not melted and strained; +as, raw tallow. (e) Not tanned; as, raw hides. (f) Not trimmed, +covered, or folded under; as, the raw edge of a piece of metal or of +cloth. + +4. Not covered; bare. Specifically: (a) Bald. [Obs.] "With skull all +raw." Spenser (b) Deprived of skin; galled; as, a raw sore. (c) Sore, +as if by being galled. + + And all his sinews waxen weak and raw Through long imprisonment. + + +Spenser. + +5. Disagreeably damp or cold; chilly; bleak; as, a raw wind. "A raw and +gusty day." Shak. + +Raw material, material that has not been subjected to a (specified) +process of manufacture; as, ore is the raw material used in smelting; +leather is the raw material of the shoe industry. -- Raw pig, cast iron +as it comes from the smelting furnace. + +Raw, n. A raw, sore, or galled place; a sensitive spot; as, to touch +one on the raw. + + Like savage hackney coachmen, they know where there is a raw. + + +De Quincey. + +Raw"bone` (r"bn`), a. Rawboned. [Obs.] Spenser. + +Raw"boned` (-bnd`), a. Having little flesh on the bones; gaunt. Shak. + +Raw"head` (r"hd`), n. A specter mentioned to frighten children; as, +rawhead and bloodybones. + +Raw"hide` (r"hd`), n. A cowhide, or coarse riding whip, made of +untanned (or raw) hide twisted. + +Raw"ish, a. Somewhat raw. [R.] Marston. + +Raw"ly, adv. 1. In a raw manner; unskillfully; without experience. + +2. Without proper preparation or provision. Shak. + +Raw"ness, n. The quality or state of being raw. + +Ray (r), v. t. [An aphetic form of array; cf. Beray.] 1. To array. +[Obs.] Sir T. More. + +2. To mark, stain, or soil; to streak; to defile. [Obs.] "The filth +that did it ray." Spenser. + +Ray, n. Array; order; arrangement; dress. [Obs.] + + And spoiling all her gears and goodly ray. + + +Spenser. + +Ray, n. [OF. rai, F. rais, fr. L. radius a beam or ray, staff, rod, +spoke of a wheel. Cf. Radius.] 1. One of a number of lines or parts +diverging from a common point or center, like the radii of a circle; +as, a star of six rays. + +2. (Bot.) A radiating part of a flower or plant; the marginal florets +of a compound flower, as an aster or a sunflower; one of the pedicels +of an umbel or other circular flower cluster; radius. See Radius. + +3. (Zoöl.) (a) One of the radiating spines, or cartilages, supporting +the fins of fishes. (b) One of the spheromeres of a radiate, especially +one of the arms of a starfish or an ophiuran. + +4. (Physics) (a) A line of light or heat proceeding from a radiant or +reflecting point; a single element of light or heat propagated +continuously; as, a solar ray; a polarized ray. (b) One of the +component elements of the total radiation from a body; any definite or +limited portion of the spectrum; as, the red ray; the violet ray. See +Illust. under Light. + +5. Sight; perception; vision; -- from an old theory of vision, that +sight was something which proceeded from the eye to the object seen. + + All eyes direct their rays On him, and crowds turn coxcombs as they + gaze. + + +Pope. + +6. (Geom.) One of a system of diverging lines passing through a point, +and regarded as extending indefinitely in both directions. See +Half-ray. + +Bundle of rays. (Geom.) See Pencil of rays, below. -- Extraordinary ray +(Opt.), that one of two parts of a ray divided by double refraction +which does not follow the ordinary law of refraction. -- Ordinary ray +(Opt.), that one of the two parts of a ray divided by double refraction +which follows the usual or ordinary law of refraction. -- Pencil of +rays (Geom.), a definite system of rays. -- Ray flower, or Ray floret +(Bot.), one of the marginal flowers of the capitulum in such composite +plants as the aster, goldenrod, daisy, and sunflower. They have an +elongated, strap-shaped corolla, while the corollas of the disk flowers +are tubular and five-lobed. -- Ray point (Geom.), the common point of a +pencil of rays. -- Röntgen ray (rnt"gn) (Phys.), a kind of ray +generated in a very highly exhausted vacuum tube by the electrical +discharge. It is capable of passing through many bodies opaque to +light, and producing photographic and fluorescent effects by which +means pictures showing the internal structure of opaque objects are +made, called radiographs, or sciagraphs.. So called from the +discoverer, W. C. Röntgen. -- X ray, the Röntgen ray; -- so called by +its discoverer because of its enigmatical character, x being an +algebraic symbol for an unknown quantity. + +Ray, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rayed (rd); p. pr. & vb. n. Raying.] [Cf. OF. +raier, raiier, rayer, L. radiare to irradiate. See Ray, n., and cf. +Radiate.] 1. To mark with long lines; to streak. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +2. [From Ray, n.] To send forth or shoot out; to cause to shine out; +as, to ray smiles. [R.] Thomson. + +Ray, v. i. To shine, as with rays. Mrs. Browning. + +Ray, n. [F. raie, L. raia. Cf. Roach.] (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of numerous +elasmobranch fishes of the order Raiæ, including the skates, torpedoes, +sawfishes, etc. (b) In a restricted sense, any of the broad, flat, +narrow-tailed species, as the skates and sting rays. See Skate. + +Bishop ray, a yellow-spotted, long-tailed eagle ray (Stoasodon +nàrinari) of the Southern United States and the West Indies. -- +Butterfly ray, a short-tailed American sting ray (Pteroplatea Maclura), +having very broad pectoral fins. -- Devil ray. See Sea devil. -- Eagle +ray, any large ray of the family Myliobatidæ, or Ætobatidæ. The common +European species (Myliobatis aquila) is called also whip ray, and +miller. -- Electric ray, or Cramp ray, a torpedo. -- Starry ray, a +common European skate (Raia radiata). -- Sting ray, any one of numerous +species of rays of the family Trygonidæ having one or more large, +sharp, barbed dorsal spines on the whiplike tail. Called also +stingaree. + +||Ra"yah (r"y or rä"y), n. [Ar. ra'iyah a herd, a subject, fr. ra'a to +||pasture, guard.] A person not a Mohammedan, who pays the capitation +||tax. [Turkey] + +Ray" grass` (r" grs`). [Etymol. of ray is uncertain.] (Bot.) A +perennial European grass (Lolium perenne); -- called also rye grass, +and red darnel. See Darnel, and Grass. + +Italian ray, or rye, grass. See Darnel, and Grass. + +Ray"less (r"ls), a. Destitute of rays; hence, dark; not illuminated; +blind; as, a rayless sky; rayless eyes. + +Ray"on (r"n), n. [F.] Ray; beam. [Obs.] Spenser. + +Ray"on*nant (r"n*nnt), a. [F.] (Her.) Darting forth rays, as the sun +when it shines out. + +Raze (rz), n. [See Race.] A Shakespearean word (used once) supposed to +mean the same as race, a root. + +Raze, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Razed (rzd); p. pr. & vb. n. Razing.] [F. +raser. See Rase, v. t.] [Written also rase.] 1. To erase; to efface; to +obliterate. + + Razing the characters of your renown. + + +Shak. + +2. To subvert from the foundation; to lay level with the ground; to +overthrow; to destroy; to demolish. + + The royal hand that razed unhappy Troy. + + +Dryden. + +Syn. -- To demolish; level; prostrate; overthrow; subvert; destroy; +ruin. See Demolish. + +Razed (rzd), a. Slashed or striped in patterns. [Obs.] "Two Provincial +roses on my razed shoes." Shak. + +Ra*zee" (r*z"), n. [F. vaisseau rasé, fr. raser to raze, to cut down +ships. See Raze, v. t., Rase, v. t.] (Naut.) An armed ship having her +upper deck cut away, and thus reduced to the next inferior rate, as a +seventy-four cut down to a frigate. Totten. + +Ra*zee", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Razeed (r*zd"); p. pr. & vb. n. Razeeing.] +To cut down to a less number of decks, and thus to an inferior rate or +class, as a ship; hence, to prune or abridge by cutting off or +retrenching parts; as, to razee a book, or an article. + +Ra"zor (r"zr), n. [OE. rasour, OF. rasur, LL. rasor: cf. F. rasoir, LL. +rasorium. See Raze, v. t., Rase, v. t.] 1. A keen-edged knife of +peculiar shape, used in shaving the hair from the face or the head. +"Take thee a barber's razor." Ezek. v. 1. + +--> + +2. (Zoöl.) A tusk of a wild boar. + +Razor fish. (Zoöl.) (a) A small Mediterranean fish (Coryphæna +novacula), prized for the table. (b) The razor shell. -- Razor grass +(Bot.), a West Indian plant (Scleria scindens), the triangular stem and +the leaves of which are edged with minute sharp teeth. -- Razor grinder +(Zoöl.), the European goat-sucker. -- Razor shell (Zoöl.), any marine +bivalve shell belonging to Solen and allied genera, especially Solen, +or Ensatella, ensis, ∧ Americana, which have a long, narrow, +somewhat curved shell, resembling a razor handle in shape. Called also +razor clam, razor fish, knife handle. -- Razor stone. Same as +Novaculite. -- Razor strap, or Razor strop, a strap or strop used in +sharpening razors. + +Ra"zor*a*ble (-*b'l), a. Ready for the razor; fit to be shaved. [R.] +Shak. + +Ra"zor*back` (-bk`), n. (Zoöl.) The rorqual. + +Ra"zor-backed` (-bkt`), a. (Zoöl.) Having a sharp, lean, or thin back; +as, a razor-backed hog, perch, etc. + +Ra"zor*bill` (-bl`), n. (Zoöl.) (a) A species of auk (Alca torda) +common in the Arctic seas. See Auk, and Illust. in Appendix. (b) See +Cutwater, 3. + +Ra"zure (r"zhr; 135), n. [See Rasure.] 1. The act of erasing or +effacing, or the state of being effaced; obliteration. See Rasure. +Shak. + +2. An erasure; a change made by erasing. + +||Raz"zi*a (rä"z*ä), n. [F., fr. Ar. ghza (pron. razia in Algeria).] A +||plundering and destructive incursion; a foray; a raid. + +Re- (r-). [L. re-, older form (retained before vowels) red-: cf. F. +re-, ré-.] A prefix signifying back, against, again, anew; as, recline, +to lean back; recall, to call back; recede; remove; reclaim, to call +out against; repugn, to fight against; recognition, a knowing again; +rejoin, to join again; reiterate; reassure. Combinations containing the +prefix re- are readily formed, and are for the most part of obvious +signification. + +Re (r). [It.] (Mus.) A syllable applied in solmization to the second +tone of the diatonic scale of C; in the American system, to the second +tone of any diatonic scale. + +Re`ab*sorb" (r`b*sôrb"), v. t. To absorb again; to draw in, or imbibe, +again what has been effused, extravasated, or thrown off; to swallow up +again; as, to reabsorb chyle, lymph, etc.; -- used esp. of fluids. + +Re`ab*sorp"tion (-sôrp"shn), n. The act or process of reabsorbing. + +Re`ac*cess" (r`k*ss" or r*k"ss), n. A second access or approach; a +return. Hakewill. + +Re`ac*cuse" (r`k*kz"), v. t. To accuse again. + +Reach (rch), v. i. To retch. Cheyne. + +Reach, n. An effort to vomit. [R.] + +Reach, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reached (rcht) (Raught, the old preterit, is +obsolete); p. pr. & vb. n. Reaching.] [OE. rechen, AS. rcan, rcean, to +extend, stretch out; akin to D. reiken, G. reichen, and possibly to AS. +rce powerful, rich, E. rich. √115.] 1. To extend; to stretch; to +thrust out; to put forth, as a limb, a member, something held, or the +like. + + Her tresses yellow, and long straughten, Unto her heeles down they + raughten. + + +Rom. of R. + + Reach hither thy hand and thrust it into my side. + + +John xx. 27. + + Fruit trees, over woody, reached too far Their pampered boughs. + + +Milton. + +2. Hence, to deliver by stretching out a member, especially the hand; +to give with the hand; to pass to another; to hand over; as, to reach +one a book. + + He reached me a full cup. + + +2 Esd. xiv. 39. + +3. To attain or obtain by stretching forth the hand; to extend some +part of the body, or something held by one, so as to touch, strike, +grasp, or the like; as, to reach an object with the hand, or with a +spear. + + O patron power, . . . thy present aid afford, Than I may reach the + beast. + + +Dryden. + +4. To strike, hit, or touch with a missile; as, to reach an object with +an arrow, a bullet, or a shell. + +5. Hence, to extend an action, effort, or influence to; to penetrate +to; to pierce, or cut, as far as. + + If these examples of grown men reach not the case of children, let + them examine. + + +Locke. + +6. To extend to; to stretch out as far as; to touch by virtue of +extent; as, his land reaches the river. + + Thy desire . . . leads to no excess That reaches blame. + + +Milton. + +7. To arrive at; to come to; to get as far as. + + Before this letter reaches your hands. + + +Pope. + +8. To arrive at by effort of any kind; to attain to; to gain; to be +advanced to. + + The best account of the appearances of nature which human + penetration can reach, comes short of its reality. + + +Cheyne. + +9. To understand; to comprehend. [Obs.] + + Do what, sir? I reach you not. + + +Beau. & Fl. + +10. To overreach; to deceive. [Obs.] South. + +Reach, v. i. 1. To stretch out the hand. + + Goddess humane, reach, then, and freely taste! + + +Milton. + +2. To strain after something; to make efforts. + + Reaching above our nature does no good. + + +Dryden. + +3. To extend in dimension, time, amount, action, influence, etc., so as +to touch, attain to, or be equal to, something. + + And behold, a ladder set upon the earth, and the top of it reached + to heaven. + + +Gen. xxviii. 12. + + The new world reaches quite across the torrid zone. + + +Boyle. + +4. (Naut.) To sail on the wind, as from one point of tacking to +another, or with the wind nearly abeam. + +To reach after or at, to make efforts to attain to or obtain. + + He would be in the posture of the mind reaching after a positive + idea of infinity. + + +Locke. + +Reach, n. 1. The act of stretching or extending; extension; power of +reaching or touching with the person, or a limb, or something held or +thrown; as, the fruit is beyond my reach; to be within reach of cannon +shot. + +2. The power of stretching out or extending action, influence, or the +like; power of attainment or management; extent of force or capacity. + + Drawn by others who had deeper reaches than themselves to matters + which they least intended. + + +Hayward. + + Be sure yourself and your own reach to know. + + +Pope. + +3. Extent; stretch; expanse; hence, application; influence; result; +scope. + + And on the left hand, hell, With long reach, interposed. + + +Milton. + + I am to pray you not to strain my speech To grosser issues, nor to + larger reach Than to suspicion. + + +Shak. + +4. An extended portion of land or water; a stretch; a straight portion +of a stream or river, as from one turn to another; a level stretch, as +between locks in a canal; an arm of the sea extending up into the land. +"The river's wooded reach." Tennyson. + + The coast . . . is very full of creeks and reaches. + + +Holland. + +5. An artifice to obtain an advantage. + + The Duke of Parma had particular reaches and ends of his own + underhand to cross the design. + + +Bacon. + +6. The pole or rod which connects the hind axle with the forward +bolster of a wagon. + +Reach"a*ble (-*b'l), a. Being within reach. + +Reach"er (-r), n. 1. One who reaches. + +2. An exaggeration. [Obs.] Fuller. + +Reach"less, a. Being beyond reach; lofty. + + Unto a reachless pitch of praises hight. + + +Bp. Hall. + +Re*act" (r*kt"), v. t. To act or perform a second time; to do over +again; as, to react a play; the same scenes were reacted at Rome. + +Re*act" (r*kt"), v. i. 1. To return an impulse or impression; to resist +the action of another body by an opposite force; as, every body reacts +on the body that impels it from its natural state. + +<! p. 1194 pr=vmg !> + +2. To act upon each other; to exercise a reciprocal or a reverse +effect, as two or more chemical agents; to act in opposition. + +Re*ac"tion (r*k"shn), n. [Cf. F. réaction.] 1. Any action in resisting +other action or force; counter tendency; movement in a contrary +direction; reverse action. + +2. (Chem.) The mutual or reciprocal action of chemical agents upon each +other, or the action upon such chemical agents of some form of energy, +as heat, light, or electricity, resulting in a chemical change in one +or more of these agents, with the production of new compounds or the +manifestation of distinctive characters. See Blowpipe reaction, Flame +reaction, under Blowpipe, and Flame. + +3. (Med.) An action induced by vital resistance to some other action; +depression or exhaustion of vital force consequent on overexertion or +overstimulation; heightened activity and overaction succeeding +depression or shock. + +4. (Mech.) The force which a body subjected to the action of a force +from another body exerts upon the latter body in the opposite +direction. + + Reaction is always equal and opposite to action, that is to say, + the actions of two bodies upon each other are always equal and in + opposite directions. + + +Sir I. Newton (3d Law of Motion). + +5. (Politics) Backward tendency or movement after revolution, reform, +or great progress in any direction. + + The new king had, at the very moment at which his fame and fortune + reached the highest point, predicted the coming reaction. + + +Macaulay. + +Reaction time (Physiol.), in nerve physiology, the interval between the +application of a stimulus to an end organ of sense and the reaction or +resulting movement; -- called also physiological time. -- Reaction +wheel (Mech.), a water wheel driven by the reaction of water, usually +one in which the water, entering it centrally, escapes at its periphery +in a direction opposed to that of its motion by orifices at right +angles, or inclined, to its radii. + +Re*ac"tion*a*ry (-*r), a. Being, causing, or favoring reaction; as, +reactionary movements. + +Re*ac"tion*a*ry, n.; pl. Reactionaries (-rz). One who favors reaction, +or seeks to undo political progress or revolution. + +Re*ac"tion*ist, n. A reactionary. C. Kingsley. + +Re*act"ive (r*kt"v), a. [Cf. F. réactif.] Having power to react; +tending to reaction; of the nature of reaction. -- Re*act"ive*ly, adv. +-- Re*act"ive*ness, n. + +Read (rd), n. Rennet. See 3d Reed. [Prov. Eng.] + +Read (rd), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Read (rd); p. pr. & vb. n. Reading.] +[OE. reden, ræden, AS. rdan to read, advise, counsel, fr. rd advice, +counsel, rdan (imperf. reord) to advise, counsel, guess; akin to D. +raden to advise, G. raten, rathen, Icel. rða, Goth. rdan (in comp.), +and perh. also to Skr. rdh to succeed. √116. Cf. Riddle.] 1. To +advise; to counsel. [Obs.] See Rede. + + Therefore, I read thee, get thee to God's word, and thereby try all + doctrine. + + +Tyndale. + +2. To interpret; to explain; as, to read a riddle. + +3. To tell; to declare; to recite. [Obs.] + + But read how art thou named, and of what kin. + + +Spenser. + +4. To go over, as characters or words, and utter aloud, or recite to +one's self inaudibly; to take in the sense of, as of language, by +interpreting the characters with which it is expressed; to peruse; as, +to read a discourse; to read the letters of an alphabet; to read +figures; to read the notes of music, or to read music; to read a book. + + Redeth [read ye] the great poet of Itaille. + + +Chaucer. + + Well could he rede a lesson or a story. + + +Chaucer. + +5. Hence, to know fully; to comprehend. + + Who is't can read a woman? + + +Shak. + +6. To discover or understand by characters, marks, features, etc.; to +learn by observation. + + An armed corse did lie, In whose dead face he read great + magnanimity. + + +Spenser. + + Those about her From her shall read the perfect ways of honor. + + +Shak. + +7. To make a special study of, as by perusing textbooks; as, to read +theology or law. + +To read one's self in, to read aloud the Thirty-nine Articles and the +Declaration of Assent, -- required of a clergyman of the Church of +England when he first officiates in a new benefice. + +Read, v. i. 1. To give advice or counsel. [Obs.] + +2. To tell; to declare. [Obs.] Spenser. + +3. To perform the act of reading; to peruse, or to go over and utter +aloud, the words of a book or other like document. + + So they read in the book of the law of God distinctly, and gave the + sense. + + +Neh. viii. 8. + +4. To study by reading; as, he read for the bar. + +5. To learn by reading. + + I have read of an Eastern king who put a judge to death for an + iniquitous sentence. + + +Swift. + +6. To appear in writing or print; to be expressed by, or consist of, +certain words or characters; as, the passage reads thus in the early +manuscripts. + +7. To produce a certain effect when read; as, that sentence reads +queerly. + +To read between the lines, to infer something different from what is +plainly indicated; to detect the real meaning as distinguished from the +apparent meaning. + +Read, n. [AS. rd counsel, fr. rdan to counsel. See Read, v. t.] 1. +Saying; sentence; maxim; hence, word; advice; counsel. See Rede. [Obs.] + +2. [Read, v.] Reading. [Colloq.] Hume. + + One newswoman here lets magazines for a penny a read. + + +Furnivall. + +Read (rd), imp. & p. p. of Read, v. t. & i. + +Read (rd), a. Instructed or knowing by reading; versed in books; +learned. + + A poet . . . well read in Longinus. + + +Addison. + +Read`a*bil"i*ty (rd`*bl"*t), n. The state of being readable; +readableness. + +Read"a*ble (rd"*b'l), a. Such as can be read; legible; fit or suitable +to be read; worth reading; interesting. -- Read"a*ble*ness, n. -- +Read"a*bly, adv. + +Re`ad*dress" (r`d*drs"), v. t. To address a second time; -- often used +reflexively. + + He readdressed himself to her. + + +Boyle. + +Re`a*dept" (-*dpt"), v. t. [Pref. re- + L. adeptus, p. p. of adipisci +to obtain.] To regain; to recover. [Obs.] + +Re`a*dep"tion (-dp"shn), n. A regaining; recovery of something lost. +[Obs.] Bacon. + +Read"er (rd"r), n. [AS. rdere.] 1. One who reads. Specifically: (a) One +whose distinctive office is to read prayers in a church. (b) +(University of Oxford, Eng.) One who reads lectures on scientific +subjects. Lyell. (c) A proof reader. (d) One who reads manuscripts +offered for publication and advises regarding their merit. + +2. One who reads much; one who is studious. + +3. A book containing a selection of extracts for exercises in reading; +an elementary book for practice in a language; a reading book. + +Read"er*ship, n. The office of reader. Lyell. + +Read"i*ly (rd"*l), adv. 1. In a ready manner; quickly; promptly. +Chaucer. + +2. Without delay or objection; without reluctance; willingly; +cheerfully. + + How readily we wish time spent revoked! + + +Cowper. + +Read"i*ness, n. The state or quality of being ready; preparation; +promptness; aptitude; willingness. + + They received the word with all readiness of mind. + + +Acts xvii. 11. + +Syn. -- Facility; quickness; expedition; promptitude; promptness; +aptitude; aptness; knack; skill; expertness; dexterity; ease; +cheerfulness. See Facility. + +Read"ing (rd"ng), n. 1. The act of one who reads; perusal; also, +printed or written matter to be read. + +2. Study of books; literary scholarship; as, a man of extensive +reading. + +3. A lecture or prelection; public recital. + + The Jews had their weekly readings of the law. + + +Hooker. + +4. The way in which anything reads; force of a word or passage +presented by a documentary authority; lection; version. + +5. Manner of reciting, or acting a part, on the stage; way of +rendering. [Cant] + +6. An observation read from the scale of a graduated instrument; as, +the reading of a barometer. + +Reading of a bill (Legislation), its formal recital, by the proper +officer, before the House which is to consider it. + +Read"ing, a. 1. Of or pertaining to the act of reading; used in +reading. + +2. Addicted to reading; as, a reading community. + +Reading book, a book for teaching reading; a reader. -- Reading desk, a +desk to support a book while reading; esp., a desk used while reading +the service in a church. -- Reading glass, a large lens with more or +less magnifying power, attached to a handle, and used in reading, etc. +-- Reading man, one who reads much; hence, in the English universities, +a close, industrious student. -- Reading room, a room appropriated to +reading; a room provided with papers, periodicals, and the like, to +which persons resort. + +Re`ad*journ" (r`d*jûrn"), v. t. To adjourn a second time; to adjourn +again. + +Re`ad*journ"ment (-ment), n. The act of readjourning; a second or +repeated adjournment. + +Re`ad*just" (-jst"), v. t. To adjust or settle again; to put in a +different order or relation; to rearrange. + +Re`ad*just"er (-r), n. One who, or that which, readjusts; in some of +the States of the United States, one who advocates a refunding, and +sometimes a partial repudiation, of the State debt without the consent +of the State's creditors. + +Re`ad*just"ment (-ment), n. A second adjustment; a new or different +adjustment. + +Re`ad*mis"sion (-msh"n), n. The act of admitting again, or the state of +being readmitted; as, the readmission of fresh air into an exhausted +receiver; the readmission of a student into a seminary. + +Re`ad*mit" (-mt"), v. t. To admit again; to give entrance or access to +again. + + Whose ear is ever open, and his eye Gracious to readmit the + suppliant. + + +Milton. + +Re`ad*mit"tance (-tans), n. Allowance to enter again; a second +admission. + +Re`a*dopt" (r`*dpt"), v. t. To adopt again. Young. + +Re`a*dorn" (-dôrn"), v. t. To adorn again or anew. + +Re`ad*vance" (r`d*vns"), v. i. To advance again. + +Re`ad*vert"en*cy (-vrt"en*s), n. The act of adverting to again, or of +reviewing. [R.] Norris. + +Read"y (rd"), a. [Compar. Readier (-*r); superl. Readiest.] [AS. rde; +akin to D. gereed, bereid, G. bereit, Goth. garáids fixed, arranged, +and possibly to E. ride, as meaning originally, prepared for riding. +Cf. Array, 1st Curry.] 1. Prepared for what one is about to do or +experience; equipped or supplied with what is needed for some act or +event; prepared for immediate movement or action; as, the troops are +ready to march; ready for the journey. "When she redy was." Chaucer. + +2. Fitted or arranged for immediate use; causing no delay for lack of +being prepared or furnished. "Dinner was ready." Fielding. + + My oxen and my fatlings are killed, and all things are ready: come + unto the marriage. + + +Matt. xxii. 4. + +3. Prepared in mind or disposition; not reluctant; willing; free; +inclined; disposed. + + I am ready not to be bound only, but also to die at Jerusalem, for + the name of the Lord Jesus. + + +Acts xxi. 13. + + If need be, I am ready to forego And quit. + + +Milton. + +4. Not slow or hesitating; quick in action or perception of any kind; +dexterous; prompt; easy; expert; as, a ready apprehension; ready wit; a +ready writer or workman. "Ready in devising expedients." Macaulay. + + Gurth, whose temper was ready, though surly. + + +Sir W. Scott. + +5. Offering itself at once; at hand; opportune; convenient; near; easy. +"The readiest way." Milton. + + A sapling pine he wrenched from out the ground, The readiest weapon + that his fury found. + + +Dryden. + +6. On the point; about; on the brink; near; -- with a following +infinitive. + + My heart is ready to crack. + + +Shak. + +7. (Mil.) A word of command, or a position, in the manual of arms, at +which the piece is cocked and held in position to execute promptly the +next command, which is, aim. + +All ready, ready in every particular; wholly equipped or prepared. "[I] +am all redy at your hest." Chaucer. -- Ready money, means of immediate +payment; cash. "'T is all the ready money fate can give." Cowley. -- +Ready reckoner, a book of tables for facilitating computations, as of +interest, prices, etc. -- To make ready, to make preparation; to get in +readiness. + +Syn. -- Prompt; expeditious; speedy; unhesitating; dexterous; apt; +skillful; handy; expert; facile; easy; opportune; fitted; prepared; +disposed; willing; free; cheerful. See Prompt. + +Read"y (rd"), adv. In a state of preparation for immediate action; so +as to need no delay. + + We ourselves will go ready armed. + + +Num. xxxii. 17. + +Read"y, n. Ready money; cash; -- commonly with the; as, he was well +supplied with the ready. [Slang] + + Lord Strut was not flush in ready, either to go to law, or to clear + old debts. + + +Arbuthnot. + +Read"y, v. t. To dispose in order. [Obs.] Heywood. + +Read"y-made` (-md`), a. Made already, or beforehand, in anticipation of +need; not made to order; as, ready-made clothing; ready-made jokes. + +Read"y-wit`ted (-wt`td), a. Having ready wit. + +Re`af*firm" (r`f*frm"), v. t. To affirm again. + +{ Re`af*firm"ance (r`f*frm"ans), Re*af`fir*ma"tion (r*f`fr*m"shn), } n. +A second affirmation. + +Re`af*for"est (r`f*fr"st), v. t. To convert again into a forest, as a +region of country. + +Re`af*for`es*ta"tion (-s*t"shn), n. The act or process of converting +again into a forest. + +Re*a"gent (r*"jent), n. (Chem.) A substance capable of producing with +another a reaction, especially when employed to detect the presence of +other bodies; a test. + +Re*ag`gra*va"tion (- g`gr*v"shn), n. (R. C. Ch.) The last monitory, +published after three admonitions and before the last excommunication. + +Re`a*gree" (r`*gr"), v. i. To agree again. + +Reak (rk), n. [√115. Cf. Wrack seaweed.] A rush. [Obs.] "Feeds on +reaks and reeds." Drant. + +Reak, n. [Cf. Icel. hrekkr, or E. wreak vengeance.] A prank. [Obs.] +"They play such reaks." Beau. & Fl. + +Re"al (r"al), n. [Sp., fr. real royal, L. regalis. See Regal, and cf. +Ree a coin.] A small Spanish silver coin; also, a denomination of money +of account, formerly the unit of the Spanish monetary system. + +A real of plate (coin) varied in value according to the time of its +coinage, from 12½ down to 10 cents, or from 6½ to 5 pence sterling. The +real vellon, or money of account, was nearly equal to five cents, or 2½ +pence sterling. In 1871 the coinage of Spain was assimilated to that of +the Latin Union, of which the franc is the unit. + +Re*al" (r*äl"), a. Royal; regal; kingly. [Obs.] "The blood real of +Thebes." Chaucer. + +Re"al (r"al), a. [LL. realis, fr. L. res, rei, a thing: cf. F. réel. +Cf. Rebus.] 1. Actually being or existing; not fictitious or imaginary; +as, a description of real life. + + Whereat I waked, and found Before mine eyes all real, as the dream + Had lively shadowed. + + +Milton. + +2. True; genuine; not artificial, counterfeit, or factitious; often +opposed to ostensible; as, the real reason; real Madeira wine; real +ginger. + + Whose perfection far excelled Hers in all real dignity. + + +Milton. + +3. Relating to things, not to persons. [Obs.] + + Many are perfect in men's humors that are not greatly capable of + the real part of business. + + +Bacon. + +4. (Alg.) Having an assignable arithmetical or numerical value or +meaning; not imaginary. + +5. (Law) Pertaining to things fixed, permanent, or immovable, as to +lands and tenements; as, real property, in distinction from personal or +movable property. + +Chattels real (Law), such chattels as are annexed to, or savor of, the +realty, as terms for years of land. See Chattel. -- Real action (Law), +an action for the recovery of real property. -- Real assets (Law), +lands or real estate in the hands of the heir, chargeable with the +debts of the ancestor. -- Real composition (Eccl. Law), an agreement +made between the owner of lands and the parson or vicar, with consent +of the ordinary, that such lands shall be discharged from payment of +tithes, in consequence of other land or recompense given to the parson +in lieu and satisfaction thereof. Blackstone. -- Real estate or +property, lands, tenements, and hereditaments; freehold interests in +landed property; property in houses and land. Kent. Burrill. -- Real +presence (R. C. Ch.), the actual presence of the body and blood of +Christ in the eucharist, or the conversion of the substance of the +bread and wine into the real body and blood of Christ; +transubstantiation. In other churches there is a belief in a form of +real presence, not however in the sense of transubstantiation. -- Real +servitude, called also Predial servitude (Civil Law), a burden imposed +upon one estate in favor of another estate of another proprietor. +Erskine. Bouvier. + +Syn. -- Actual; true; genuine; authentic. -- Real, Actual. Real +represents a thing to be a substantive existence; as, a real, not +imaginary, occurrence. Actual refers to it as acted or performed; and, +hence, when we wish to prove a thing real, we often say, "It actually +exists," "It has actually been done." Thus its reality is shown by its +actuality. Actual, from this reference to being acted, has recently +received a new signification, namely, present; as, the actual posture +of affairs; since what is now in action, or going on, has, of course, a +present existence. An actual fact; a real sentiment. + + For he that but conceives a crime in thought, Contracts the danger + of an actual fault. + + +Dryden. + + Our simple ideas are all real; all agree to the reality of things. + + +Locke. + +<! p. 1195 pr=vmg !> + +Re"al (r"al), n. A realist. [Obs.] Burton. + +Re*al"gar (r*l"gr), n. [F. réalgar, Sp. rejalgar, Ar. rahj al ghr +powder of the mine.] (Min.) Arsenic sulphide, a mineral of a brilliant +red color; red orpiment. It is also an artificial product. + +Re"al*ism (r"al*z'm), n. [Cf. F. réalisme.] 1. (Philos.) (a) As opposed +to nominalism, the doctrine that genera and species are real things or +entities, existing independently of our conceptions. According to +realism the Universal exists ante rem (Plato), or in re (Aristotle). +(b) As opposed to idealism, the doctrine that in sense perception there +is an immediate cognition of the external object, and our knowledge of +it is not mediate and representative. + +2. (Art & Lit.) Fidelity to nature or to real life; representation +without idealization, and making no appeal to the imagination; +adherence to the actual fact. + +Re"al*ist, n. [Cf. F. réaliste.] 1. (Philos.) One who believes in +realism; esp., one who maintains that generals, or the terms used to +denote the genera and species of things, represent real existences, and +are not mere names, as maintained by the nominalists. + +2. (Art. & Lit.) An artist or writer who aims at realism in his work. +See Realism, 2. + +Re`al*is"tic (-s"tk), a. Of or pertaining to the realists; in the +manner of the realists; characterized by realism rather than by +imagination. + +Re`al*is"tic*al*ly, adv. In a realistic manner. + +Re*al"i*ty (r*l"*t), n.; pl. Realities (- tz). [Cf. F. réalité, LL. +realitas. See 3d Real, and cf. 2d Realty.] 1. The state or quality of +being real; actual being or existence of anything, in distinction from +mere appearance; fact. + + A man fancies that he understands a critic, when in reality he does + not comprehend his meaning. + + +Addison. + +2. That which is real; an actual existence; that which is not +imagination, fiction, or pretense; that which has objective existence, +and is not merely an idea. + + And to realities yield all her shows. + + +Milton. + + My neck may be an idea to you, but it is a reality to me. + + +Beattie. + +3. [See 1st Realty, 2.] Loyalty; devotion. [Obs.] + + To express our reality to the emperor. + + +Fuller. + +4. (Law) See 2d Realty, 2. + +Re"al*i`za*ble (r"al*`z*b'l), a. Capable of being realized. + +Re`al*i*za"tion (-*z"shn), n. [Cf. F. réalisation.] The act of +realizing, or the state of being realized. + +Re"al*ize (r"al*z), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Realized (- zd); p. pr. & vb. +n. Realizing (- `zng).] [Cf. F. réaliser.] 1. To make real; to convert +from the imaginary or fictitious into the actual; to bring into +concrete existence; to effectuate; to accomplish; as, to realize a +scheme or project. + + We realize what Archimedes had only in hypothesis, weighing a + single grain against the globe of earth. + + +Glanvill. + +2. To cause to seem real; to impress upon the mind as actual; to feel +vividly or strongly; to make one's own in apprehension or experience. + + Many coincidences . . . soon begin to appear in them [Greek + inscriptions] which realize ancient history to us. + + +Jowett. + + We can not realize it in thought, that the object . . . had really + no being at any past moment. + + +Sir W. Hamilton. + +3. To convert into real property; to make real estate of; as, to +realize his fortune. + +4. To acquire as an actual possession; to obtain as the result of plans +and efforts; to gain; to get; as, to realize large profits from a +speculation. + + Knighthood was not beyond the reach of any man who could by + diligent thrift realize a good estate. + + +Macaulay. + +5. To convert into actual money; as, to realize assets. + +Re"al*ize, v. i. To convert any kind of property into money, especially +property representing investments, as shares in stock companies, bonds, +etc. + + Wary men took the alarm, and began to realize, a word now first + brought into use to express the conversion of ideal property into + something real. + + +W. Irving. + +Re"al*i`zer (-`zr), n. One who realizes. Coleridge. + +Re"al*i`zing (-zng), a. Serving to make real, or to impress on the mind +as a reality; as, a realizing view of the danger incurred. -- +Re"al*i`zing*ly, adv. + +Re`al*lege" (-l*lj"), v. t. To allege again. Cotgrave. + +Re`al*li"ance (-l"ans), n. A renewed alliance. + +Re"-al*ly" (-l"), v. t. [Pref. re- + ally, v. t.] To bring together +again; to compose or form anew. Spenser. + +Re"al*ly` (r"äl*l`), adv. Royally. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Re"al*ly (r"al*l), adv. In a real manner; with or in reality; actually; +in truth. + + Whose anger is really but a short fit of madness. + + +Swift. + +Really is often used familiarly as a slight corroboration of an opinion +or a declaration. + + Why, really, sixty-five is somewhat old. + + +Young. + +Realm (rlm), n. [OE. realme, ream, reaume, OF. reialme, roialme, F. +royaume, fr. (assumed) LL. regalimen, from L. regalis royal. See +Regal.] 1. A royal jurisdiction or domain; a region which is under the +dominion of a king; a kingdom. + + The absolute master of realms on which the sun perpetually shone. + + +Motley. + +2. Hence, in general, province; region; country; domain; department; +division; as, the realm of fancy. + +Realm"less, a. Destitute of a realm. Keats. + +Re"al*ness (r"al*ns), n. The quality or condition of being real; +reality. + +Re"al*ty (-t), n. [OF. réalté, LL. regalitas, fr. L. regalis. See +Regal.] 1. Royalty. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +2. Loyalty; faithfulness. [R.] Milton. + +Re"al*ty, n. [Contr. from 1st Reality.] 1. Reality. [Obs.] Dr. H. More. + +2. (Law) (a) Immobility, or the fixed, permanent nature of real +property; as, chattels which savor of the realty; -- so written in +legal language for reality. (b) Real estate; a piece of real property. +Blackstone. + +Ream (rm), n. [AS. reám, akin to G. rahm.] Cream; also, the cream or +froth on ale. [Scot.] + +Ream, v. i. To cream; to mantle. [Scot.] + + A huge pewter measuring pot which, in the language of the hostess, + reamed with excellent claret. + + +Sir W. Scott. + +Ream, v. t. [Cf. Reim.] To stretch out; to draw out into thongs, +threads, or filaments. + +Ream, n. [OE. reme, OF. rayme, F. rame (cf. Sp. resma), fr. Ar. rizma a +bundle, especially of paper.] A bundle, package, or quantity of paper, +usually consisting of twenty quires or 480 sheets. + +Printer's ream, twenty-one and a half quires. [Eng.] A common practice +is now to count five hundred sheets to the ream. Knight. + +Ream, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reamed (rmd); p. pr. & vb. n. Reaming.] [Cf. +G. räumen to remove, to clear away, fr. raum room. See Room.] To bevel +out, as the mouth of a hole in wood or metal; in modern usage, to +enlarge or dress out, as a hole, with a reamer. + +Reame (rm), n. Realm. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Ream"er (-r), n. One who, or that which, reams; specifically, an +instrument with cutting or scraping edges, used, with a twisting +motion, for enlarging a round hole, as the bore of a cannon, etc. + +Re*am`pu*ta"tion (r*m`p*t"shn), n. (Surg.) The second of two +amputations performed upon the same member. + +Re*an"i*mate (r*n"*mt), v. t. To animate anew; to restore to animation +or life; to infuse new life, vigor, spirit, or courage into; to revive; +to reinvigorate; as, to reanimate a drowned person; to reanimate +disheartened troops; to reanimate languid spirits. Glanvill. + +Re*an`i*ma"tion (-m"shn), n. The act or operation of reanimating, or +the state of being reanimated; reinvigoration; revival. + +Re`an*nex" (r`n*nks"), v. t. To annex again or anew; to reunite. "To +reannex that duchy." Bacon. + +Re*an`nex*a"tion (-"shn), n. Act of reannexing. + +Re*an"swer (r*n"sr), v. t. & i. To answer in return; to repay; to +compensate; to make amends for. + + Which in weight to reanswer, his pettiness would bow under. + + +Shak. + +Reap (rp), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reaped (rpt); p. pr. & vb. n. Reaping.] +[OE. repen, AS. rpan to seize, reap; cf. D. rapen to glean, reap, G. +raufen to pluck, Goth. raupjan, or E. ripe.] 1. To cut with a sickle, +scythe, or reaping machine, as grain; to gather, as a harvest, by +cutting. + + When ye reap the harvest of your land, thou shalt not wholly reap + the corners of thy field. + + +Lev. xix. 9. + +2. To gather; to obtain; to receive as a reward or harvest, or as the +fruit of labor or of works; -- in a good or a bad sense; as, to reap a +benefit from exertions. + + Why do I humble thus myself, and, suing For peace, reap nothing but + repulse and hate? + + +Milton. + +3. To clear of a crop by reaping; as, to reap a field. + +4. To deprive of the beard; to shave. [R.] Shak. + +Reaping hook, an implement having a hook- shaped blade, used in +reaping; a sickle; -- in a specific sense, distinguished from a sickle +by a blade keen instead of serrated. + +Reap, v. i. To perform the act or operation of reaping; to gather a +harvest. + + They that sow in tears shall reap in joy. + + +Ps. cxxvi. 5. + +Reap, n. [Cf. AS. rp harvest. See Reap, v.] A bundle of grain; a +handful of grain laid down by the reaper as it is cut. [Obs. or Prov. +Eng.] Wright. + +Reap"er (rp"r), n. 1. One who reaps. + + The sun-burned reapers wiping their foreheads. + + +Macaulay. + +2. A reaping machine. + +Re`ap*par"el (r`p*pr"l), v. t. To clothe again. + +Re`ap*pear" (r`p*pr"), v. i. To appear again. + +Re`ap*pear"ance (-ans), n. A second or new appearance; the act or state +of appearing again. + +Re*ap`pli*ca"tion (r*p`pl*k"shn), n. The act of reapplying, or the +state of being reapplied. + +Re`ap*ply" (r`p*pl"), v. t. & i. To apply again. + +Re`ap*point" (-point"), v. t. To appoint again. + +Re`ap*point"ment (-ment), n. The act of reappointing, or the state of +being reappointed. + +Re`ap*por"tion (-pr"shn), v. t. To apportion again. + +Re`ap*por"tion*ment (-ment), n. A second or a new apportionment. + +Re`ap*proach" (r`p*prch"), v. i. & t. To approach again or anew. + +Rear (rr), adv. Early; soon. [Prov. Eng.] + + Then why does Cuddy leave his cot so rear? + + +Gay. + +Rear, n. [OF. riere behind, backward, fr. L. retro. Cf. Arrear.] 1. The +back or hindmost part; that which is behind, or last in order; -- +opposed to front. + + Nipped with the lagging rear of winter's frost. + + +Milton. + +2. Specifically, the part of an army or fleet which comes last, or is +stationed behind the rest. + + When the fierce foe hung on our broken rear. + + +Milton. + +Rear, a. Being behind, or in the hindmost part; hindmost; as, the rear +rank of a company. + +Rear admiral, an officer in the navy, next in rank below a vice admiral +and above a commodore. See Admiral. -- Rear front (Mil.), the rear rank +of a body of troops when faced about and standing in that position. -- +Rear guard (Mil.), the division of an army that marches in the rear of +the main body to protect it; -- used also figuratively. -- Rear line +(Mil.), the line in the rear of an army. -- Rear rank (Mil.), the rank +or line of a body of troops which is in the rear, or last in order. -- +Rear sight (Firearms), the sight nearest the breech. -- To bring up the +rear, to come last or behind. + +Rear (rr), v. t. To place in the rear; to secure the rear of. [R.] + +Rear, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reared (rrd); p. pr. & vb. n. Rearing.] [AS. +rran to raise, rear, elevate, for rsan, causative of rsan to rise. See +Rise, and cf. Raise.] 1. To raise; to lift up; to cause to rise, become +erect, etc.; to elevate; as, to rear a monolith. + + In adoration at his feet I fell Submiss; he reared me. + + +Milton. + + It reareth our hearts from vain thoughts. + + +Barrow. + + Mine [shall be] the first hand to rear her banner. + + +Ld. Lytton. + +2. To erect by building; to set up; to construct; as, to rear defenses +or houses; to rear one government on the ruins of another. + + One reared a font of stone. + + +Tennyson. + +3. To lift and take up. [Obs. or R.] + + And having her from Trompart lightly reared, Upon his courser set + the lovely load. + + +Spenser. + +4. To bring up to maturity, as young; to educate; to instruct; to +foster; as, to rear offspring. + + He wants a father to protect his youth, And rear him up to virtue. + + +Southern. + +5. To breed and raise; as, to rear cattle. + +6. To rouse; to stir up. [Obs.] + + And seeks the tusky boar to rear. + + +Dryden. + +Syn. -- To lift; elevate; erect; raise; build; establish. See the Note +under Raise, 3 (c). + +Rear, v. i. To rise up on the hind legs, as a horse; to become erect. + +Rearing bit, a bit designed to prevent a horse from lifting his head +when rearing. Knight. + +{ Rear"dorse (-dôrs), Rear"doss (- ds) }, n. A reredos. + +Rear"er (rr"r), n. One who, or that which, rears. + +Re*ar"gue (r*är"g), v. t. To argue anew or again. + +Re*ar"gu*ment (-g*ment), n. An arguing over again, as of a motion made +in court. + +Rear"-horse` (rr"hôrs`), n. [So called because it rears up when +disturbed.] (Zoöl.) A mantis. + +Rear"ly, adv. Early. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. + +Rear"most` (-mst`), a. Farthest in the rear; last. + +{ Rear"mouse`, Rere"mouse` (-mous`) }, n. [AS. hrrems; probably fr. +hrran to agitate, stir (akin to G. rühren, Icel. hræra) + ms mouse.] +(Zoöl.) The leather-winged bat (Vespertilio murinus). [Written also +reermouse.] + +Re`ar*range" (r`r*rnj"), v. t. To arrange again; to arrange in a +different way. + +Re`ar*range"ment (-ment), n. The act of rearranging, or the state of +being rearranged. + +Rear"ward` (rr"wrd`), n. [Rear + ward.] The last troop; the rear of an +army; a rear guard. Also used figuratively. Shak. + +Rear"ward (-wrd), a. & adv. At or toward the rear. + +Re`as*cend" (r`s*snd"), v. i. To rise, mount, or climb again. + +Re`as*cend", v. t. To ascend or mount again; to reach by ascending +again. + + He mounts aloft, and reascends the skies. + + +Addison. + +Re`as*cen"sion (-sn"shn), n. The act of reascending; a remounting. + +Re`as*cent" (-snt"), n. A returning ascent or ascension; acclivity. +Cowper. + +Rea"son (r"z'n), n. [OE. resoun, F. raison, fr. L. ratio (akin to Goth. +raþj number, account, garaþjan to count, G. rede speech, reden to +speak), fr. reri, ratus, to reckon, believe, think. Cf. Arraign, Rate, +Ratio, Ration.] 1. A thought or a consideration offered in support of a +determination or an opinion; a just ground for a conclusion or an +action; that which is offered or accepted as an explanation; the +efficient cause of an occurrence or a phenomenon; a motive for an +action or a determination; proof, more or less decisive, for an opinion +or a conclusion; principle; efficient cause; final cause; ground of +argument. + + I 'll give him reasons for it. + + +Shak. + + The reason of the motion of the balance in a wheel watch is by the + motion of the next wheel. + + +Sir M. Hale. + + This reason did the ancient fathers render, why the church was + called "catholic." + + +Bp. Pearson. + + Virtue and vice are not arbitrary things; but there is a natural + and eternal reason for that goodness and virtue, and against vice + and wickedness. + + +Tillotson. + +2. The faculty or capacity of the human mind by which it is +distinguished from the intelligence of the inferior animals; the higher +as distinguished from the lower cognitive faculties, sense, +imagination, and memory, and in contrast to the feelings and desires. +Reason comprises conception, judgment, reasoning, and the intuitional +faculty. Specifically, it is the intuitional faculty, or the faculty of +first truths, as distinguished from the understanding, which is called +the discursive or ratiocinative faculty. + + We have no other faculties of perceiving or knowing anything divine + or human, but by our five senses and our reason. + + +P. Browne. + + In common and popular discourse, reason denotes that power by which + we distinguish truth from falsehood, and right from wrong, and by + which we are enabled to combine means for the attainment of + particular ends. + + +Stewart. + + Reason is used sometimes to express the whole of those powers which + elevate man above the brutes, and constitute his rational nature, + more especially, perhaps, his intellectual powers; sometimes to + express the power of deduction or argumentation. + + +Stewart. + + By the pure reason I mean the power by which we become possessed of + principles. + + +Coleridge. + + The sense perceives; the understanding, in its own peculiar + operation, conceives; the reason, or rationalized understanding, + comprehends. + + +Coleridge. + +<! p. 1196 pr=vmg !> + +3. Due exercise of the reasoning faculty; accordance with, or that +which is accordant with and ratified by, the mind rightly exercised; +right intellectual judgment; clear and fair deductions from true +principles; that which is dictated or supported by the common sense of +mankind; right conduct; right; propriety; justice. + + I was promised, on a time, To have reason for my rhyme. + + +Spenser. + + But law in a free nation hath been ever public reason; the enacted + reason of a parliament, which he denying to enact, denies to govern + us by that which ought to be our law; interposing his own private + reason, which to us is no law. + + +Milton. + + The most probable way of bringing France to reason would be by the + making an attempt on the Spanish West Indies. + + +Addison. + +4. (Math.) Ratio; proportion. [Obs.] Barrow. + +By reason of, by means of; on account of; because of. "Spain is thin +sown of people, partly by reason of the sterility of the soil." Bacon. +-- In reason, In all reason, in justice; with rational ground; in a +right view. + + When anything is proved by as good arguments as a thing of that + kind is capable of, we ought not, in reason, to doubt of its + existence. + + +Tillotson. + +-- It is reason, it is reasonable; it is right. [Obs.] + + Yet it were great reason, that those that have children should have + greatest care of future times. + + +Bacon. + +Syn. -- Motive; argument; ground; consideration; principle; sake; +account; object; purpose; design. See Motive, Sense. + +Rea"son (r"z'n), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Reasoned (-z'nd); p. pr. & vb. n. +Reasoning.] [Cf. F. raisonner. See Reason, n.] 1. To exercise the +rational faculty; to deduce inferences from premises; to perform the +process of deduction or of induction; to ratiocinate; to reach +conclusions by a systematic comparison of facts. + +2. Hence: To carry on a process of deduction or of induction, in order +to convince or to confute; to formulate and set forth propositions and +the inferences from them; to argue. + + Stand still, that I may reason with you, before the Lord, of all + the righteous acts of the Lord. + + +1 Sam. xii. 7. + +3. To converse; to compare opinions. Shak. + +Rea"son, v. t. 1. To arrange and present the reasons for or against; to +examine or discuss by arguments; to debate or discuss; as, I reasoned +the matter with my friend. + + When they are clearly discovered, well digested, and well reasoned + in every part, there is beauty in such a theory. + + +T. Burnet. + +2. To support with reasons, as a request. [R.] Shak. + +3. To persuade by reasoning or argument; as, to reason one into a +belief; to reason one out of his plan. + + Men that will not be reasoned into their senses. + + +L'Estrange. + +4. To overcome or conquer by adducing reasons; -- with down; as, to +reason down a passion. + +5. To find by logical processes; to explain or justify by reason or +argument; -- usually with out; as, to reason out the causes of the +librations of the moon. + +Rea"son*a*ble (-*b'l), a. [OE. resonable, F. raisonnable, fr. L. +rationabilis. See Reason, n.] 1. Having the faculty of reason; endued +with reason; rational; as, a reasonable being. + +2. Governed by reason; being under the influence of reason; thinking, +speaking, or acting rationally, or according to the dictates of reason; +agreeable to reason; just; rational; as, the measure must satisfy all +reasonable men. + + By indubitable certainty, I mean that which doth not admit of any + reasonable cause of doubting. + + +Bp. Wilkins. + + Men have no right to what is not reasonable. + + +Burke. + +3. Not excessive or immoderate; within due limits; proper; as, a +reasonable demand, amount, price. + + Let . . . all things be thought upon That may, with reasonable + swiftness, add More feathers to our wings. + + +Shak. + +Syn. -- Rational; just; honest; equitable; fair; suitable; moderate; +tolerable. See Rational. + +Rea"son*a*ble, adv. Reasonably; tolerably. [Obs.] + + I have a reasonable good ear in music. + + +Shak. + +Rea"son*a*ble*ness, n. Quality of being reasonable. + +Rea"son*a*bly, adv. 1. In a reasonable manner. + +2. Moderately; tolerably. "Reasonably perfect in the language." Holder. + +Rea"son*er (-r), n. One who reasons or argues; as, a fair reasoner; a +close reasoner; a logical reasoner. + +Rea"son*ing, n. 1. The act or process of adducing a reason or reasons; +manner of presenting one's reasons. + +2. That which is offered in argument; proofs or reasons when arranged +and developed; course of argument. + + His reasoning was sufficiently profound. + + +Macaulay. + +Syn. -- Argumentation; argument. -- Reasoning, Argumentation. Few words +are more interchanged than these; and yet, technically, there is a +difference between them. Reasoning is the broader term, including both +deduction and induction. Argumentation denotes simply the former, and +descends from the whole to some included part; while reasoning embraces +also the latter, and ascends from the parts to a whole. See Induction. +Reasoning is occupied with ideas and their relations; argumentation has +to do with the forms of logic. A thesis is set down: you attack, I +defend it; you insist, I reply; you deny, I prove; you distinguish, I +destroy your distinctions; my replies balance or overturn your +objections. Such is argumentation. It supposes that there are two +sides, and that both agree to the same rules. Reasoning, on the other +hand, is often a natural process, by which we form, from the general +analogy of nature, or special presumptions in the case, conclusions +which have greater or less degrees of force, and which may be +strengthened or weakened by subsequent experience. + +Rea"son*ist, n. A rationalist. [Obs.] + + Such persons are now commonly called "reasonists" and + "rationalists," to distinguish them from true reasoners and + rational inquirers. + + +Waterland. + +Rea"son*less, a. 1. Destitute of reason; as, a reasonless man or mind. +Shak. + +2. Void of reason; not warranted or supported by reason; unreasonable. + + This proffer is absurd and reasonless. + + +Shak. + +Re`as*sem"blage (r`s*sm"blj), n. Assemblage a second time or again. + +Re`as*sem"ble (-b'l), v. t. & i. To assemble again. + +Re`as*sert" (-srt"), v. t. To assert again or anew; to maintain after +an omission to do so. + + Let us hope . . . we may have a body of authors who will reassert + our claim to respectability in literature. + + +Walsh. + +Re`as*ser"tion (-sr"shn), n. A second or renewed assertion of the same +thing. + +Re`as*sess"ment (-ss"ment), n. A renewed or second assessment. + +Re`as*sign" (-sn"), v. t. To assign back or again; to transfer back +what has been assigned. + +Re`as*sign"ment (-ment), n. The act of reassigning. + +Re`as*sim"i*late (-sm"*lt), v. t. & i. To assimilate again. -- +Re`as*sim`i*la"tion (-l"shn), n. + +Re`as*so"ci*ate (-s"sh*t), v. t. & i. To associate again; to bring +again into close relations. + +Re`as*sume" (-sm"), v. t. To assume again or anew; to resume. -- +Re`as*sump"tion (- smp"shn), n. + +Re`as*sur"ance (r`*shr"ans), n. 1. Assurance or confirmation renewed or +repeated. Prynne. + +2. (Law) Same as Reinsurance. + +Re`as*sure" (r`*shr"), v. t. 1. To assure anew; to restore confidence +to; to free from fear or terror. + + They rose with fear, . . . Till dauntless Pallas reassured the + rest. + + +Dryden. + +2. To reinsure. + +Re`as*sur"er (-r), n. One who reassures. + +Reas"ty (rs"t), a. [Etymol. uncertain.] Rusty and rancid; -- applied to +salt meat. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Tusser. -- Reas"ti*ness (-t*ns), n. +[Obs. or Prov. Eng.] + +||Re*a"ta (r*ä"t), n. [Sp.] A lariat. + +Re`at*tach" (r`t*tch"), v. t. To attach again. + +Re`at*tach"ment (-ment), n. The act of reattaching; a second +attachment. + +Re`at*tain" (-tn"), v. t. To attain again. + +Re`at*tain"ment (-ment), n. The act of reattaining. + +Re`at*tempt" (-tmt"; 215), v. t. To attempt again. + +Re"aume (r"m), n. Realm. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Ré`au`mur" (r``mr"), a. Of or pertaining to René Antoine Ferchault de +Réaumur; conformed to the scale adopted by Réaumur in graduating the +thermometer he invented. -- n. A Réaumur thermometer or scale. + +The Réaumur thermometer is so graduated that 0° marks the freezing +point and 80° the boiling point of water. Frequently indicated by R. +Cf. Centigrade, and Fahrenheit. See Illust. of Thermometer. + +Reave (rv), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reaved (rvd), Reft (rft), or Raft (rft) +(obs.); p. pr. & vb. n. Reaving.] [AS. reáfian, from reáf spoil, +plunder, clothing, reófan to break (cf. bireófan to deprive of); akin +to G. rauben to rob, Icel. raufa to rob, rjfa to break, violate, Goth. +biráubn to despoil, L. rumpere to break; cf. Skr. lup to break. +√114. Cf. Bereave, Rob, v. t., Robe, Rove, v. i., Rupture.] To +take away by violence or by stealth; to snatch away; to rob; to +despoil; to bereave. [Archaic] "To reave his life." Spenser. + + He golden apples raft of the dragon. + + +Chaucer. + + If the wooers reave By privy stratagem my life at home. + + +Chapman. + + To reave the orphan of his patrimony. + + +Shak. + + The heathen caught and reft him of his tongue. + + +Tennyson. + +Reav"er (rv"r), n. One who reaves. [Archaic] + +Re`a*wake" (r`*wk"), v. i. To awake again. + +Re*ban"ish (r*bn"sh), v. t. To banish again. + +Re*bap"tism (r*bp"tz'm), n. A second baptism. + +Re*bap`ti*za"tion (-t*z"shn), n. [Cf. F. rebaptisation.] A second +baptism. [Obs.] Hooker. + +Re`bap*tize" (r`bp*tz"), v. t. [Pref. re- + baptize: cf. F. rebaptiser, +L. rebaptizare.] To baptize again or a second time. + +Re`bap*tiz"er (-tz"r), n. One who rebaptizes. + +Re*bar"ba*rize (r*bär"b*rz), v. t. To reduce again to barbarism. -- +Re*bar`ba*ri*za"tion (-r*z"shn), n. + + Germany . . . rebarbarized by polemical theology and religious + wars. + + +Sir W. Hamilton. + +Re*bate" (r*bt"), v. t. [F. rebattre to beat again; pref. re- re- + +battre to beat, L. batuere to beat, strike. See Abate.] 1. To beat to +obtuseness; to deprive of keenness; to blunt; to turn back the point +of, as a lance used for exercise. + + But doth rebate and blunt his natural edge. + + +Shak. + +2. To deduct from; to make a discount from, as interest due, or customs +duties. Blount. + +Rebated cross, a cross which has the extremities of the arms bent back +at right angles, as in the fylfot. + +Re*bate", v. i. To abate; to withdraw. [Obs.] Foxe. + +Re*bate", n. 1. Diminution. + +2. (Com.) Deduction; abatement; as, a rebate of interest for immediate +payment; a rebate of importation duties. Bouvier. + +Re*bate", n. [See Rabbet.] 1. (Arch.) A rectangular longitudinal recess +or groove, cut in the corner or edge of any body; a rabbet. See Rabbet. + +2. A piece of wood hafted into a long stick, and serving to beat out +mortar. Elmes. + +3. An iron tool sharpened something like a chisel, and used for +dressing and polishing wood. Elmes. + +4. [Perhaps a different word.] A kind of hard freestone used in making +pavements. [R.] Elmes. + +Re*bate", v. t. To cut a rebate in. See Rabbet, v. + +Re*bate"ment (-ment), n. [Cf. OF. rabatement, fr. rabatre to diminish, +F. rabattre.] Same as 3d Rebate. + +Re*ba"to (r*b"t), n. Same as Rabato. Burton. + +Re"bec (r"bk), n. [F., fr. It. ribeca, ribeba, fr. Ar. rabb a musical +instrument of a round form.] 1. (Mus.) An instrument formerly used +which somewhat resembled the violin, having three strings, and being +played with a bow. [Written also rebeck.] Milton. + + He turn'd his rebec to a mournful note. + + +Drayton. + +2. A contemptuous term applied to an old woman. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Reb"el (rb"l), a. [F. rebelle, fr. L. rebellis. See Rebel, v. i.] +Pertaining to rebels or rebellion; acting in revolt; rebellious; as, +rebel troops. + + Whoso be rebel to my judgment. + + +Chaucer. + + Convict by flight, and rebel to all law. + + +Milton. + +Reb"el, n. [F. rebelle.] One who rebels. + +Syn. -- Revolter; insurgent. -- Rebel, Insurgent. Insurgent marks an +early, and rebel a more advanced, stage of opposition to government. +The former rises up against his rulers, the latter makes war upon them. + +Re*bel" (r*bl"), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rebelled (-bld); p. pr. & vb. n. +Rebelling.] [F. rebeller, fr. L. rebellare to make war again; pref. re- +again + bellare to make war, fr. bellum war. See Bellicose, and cf. +Revel to carouse.] 1. To renounce, and resist by force, the authority +of the ruler or government to which one owes obedience. See Rebellion. + + The murmur and the churls' rebelling. + + +Chaucer. + + Ye have builded you an altar, that ye might rebel this day against + the Lord. + + +Josh. xxii. 16. + +2. To be disobedient to authority; to assume a hostile or insubordinate +attitude; to revolt. + + How could my hand rebel against my heart? How could your heart + rebel against your reason? + + +Dryden. + +Reb"el*dom (rb"l*dm), n. A region infested by rebels; rebels, +considered collectively; also, conduct or quality characteristic of +rebels. Thackeray. + +Re*bel"ler (r*bl"lr), n. One who rebels; a rebel. + +Re*bel"lion (r*bl"yn), n. [F. rébellion, L. rebellio. See Rebel, v. i. +Among the Romans rebellion was originally a revolt or open resistance +to their government by nations that had been subdued in war. It was a +renewed war.] 1. The act of rebelling; open and avowed renunciation of +the authority of the government to which one owes obedience, and +resistance to its officers and laws, either by levying war, or by +aiding others to do so; an organized uprising of subjects for the +purpose of coercing or overthrowing their lawful ruler or government by +force; revolt; insurrection. + + No sooner is the standard of rebellion displayed than men of + desperate principles resort to it. + + +Ames. + +2. Open resistance to, or defiance of, lawful authority. + +Commission of rebellion (Eng. Law), a process of contempt issued on the +nonappearance of a defendant, -- now abolished. Wharton. Burrill. + +Syn. -- Insurrection; sedition; revolt; mutiny; resistance; contumacy. +See Insurrection. + +Re*bel"lious (r*bl"ys), a. Engaged in rebellion; disposed to rebel; of +the nature of rebels or of rebellion; resisting government or lawful +authority by force. "Thy rebellious crew." "Proud rebellious arms." +Milton. -- Re*bel"lious*ly, adv. -- Re*bel"lious*ness, n. + +Re*bel"low (r*bl"l), v. i. To bellow again; to repeat or echo a bellow. + + The cave rebellowed, and the temple shook. + + +Dryden. + +Re*bit"ing (r*bt"ng), n. (Etching) The act or process of deepening worn +lines in an etched plate by submitting it again to the action of acid. +Fairholt. + +Re*bloom" (r*blm"), v. i. To bloom again. Crabbe. + +Re*blos"som (r*bls"sm), v. i. To blossom again. + +Re*bo"ant (r*b"ant), a. [L. reboans, p. pr. of reboare; pref. re- re- + +boare to cry aloud.] Rebellowing; resounding loudly. [R.] Mrs. +Browning. + +Re`bo*a"tion (r`b*"shn), n. Repetition of a bellow. [R.] Bp. Patrick. + +Re*boil" (r*boil"), v. t. & i. [Pref. re- + boil: cf. F. rebouillir.] +1. To boil, or to cause to boil, again. + +2. Fig.: To make or to become hot. [Obs.] + + Some of his companions thereat reboyleth. + + +Sir T. Elyot. + +Re*born" (r*bôrn"), p. p. Born again. + +Re*bound" (r*bound"), v. i. [Pref. re- + bound: cf. F. rebondir.] 1. To +spring back; to start back; to be sent back or reverberated by elastic +force on collision with another body; as, a rebounding echo. + + Bodies which are absolutely hard, or so soft as to be void of + elasticity, will not rebound from one another. + + +Sir I. Newton. + +2. To give back an echo. [R.] T. Warton. + +3. To bound again or repeatedly, as a horse. Pope. + +Rebounding lock (Firearms), one in which the hammer rebounds to half +cock after striking the cap or primer. + +Re*bound", v. t. To send back; to reverberate. + + Silenus sung; the vales his voice rebound. + + +Dryden. + +Re*bound", n. The act of rebounding; resilience. + + Flew . . . back, as from a rock, with swift rebound. + + +Dryden. + +Re*brace" (r*brs"), v. t. To brace again. Gray. + +Re*breathe" (r*brth"), v. t. To breathe again. + +Re*bu"cous (r*b"ks), a. Rebuking. [Obs.] + + She gave unto him many rebucous words. + + +Fabyan. + +Re*buff" (r*bf"), n. [It. ribuffo, akin to ribuffare to repulse; pref. +ri- (L. re-) + buffo puff. Cf. Buff to strike, Buffet a blow.] 1. +Repercussion, or beating back; a quick and sudden resistance. + + The strong rebuff of some tumultuous cloud. + + +Milton. + +2. Sudden check; unexpected repulse; defeat; refusal; repellence; +rejection of solicitation. + +Re*buff", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rebuffed (r*bft"); p. pr. & vb. n. +Rebuffing.] To beat back; to offer sudden resistance to; to check; to +repel or repulse violently, harshly, or uncourteously. + +Re*build" (r*bld"), v. t. To build again, as something which has been +demolished; to construct anew; as, to rebuild a house, a wall, a wharf, +or a city. + +Re*build"er (-r), n. One who rebuilds. Bp. Bull. + +Re*buk"a*ble (r*bk"*b'l), a. Worthy of rebuke or reprehension; +reprehensible. Shak. + +Re*buke" (r*bk"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rebuked (-bkt"); p. pr. & vb. n. +Rebuking.] [OF. rebouquier to dull, blunt, F. reboucher; perhaps fr. +pref. re- re- + bouche mouth, OF. also bouque, L. bucca cheek; if so, +the original sense was, to stop the mouth of; hence, to stop, +obstruct.] To check, silence, or put down, with reproof; to restrain by +expression of disapprobation; to reprehend sharply and summarily; to +chide; to reprove; to admonish. + + The proud he tamed, the penitent he cheered, Nor to rebuke the rich + offender feared. + + +Dryden. + +Syn. -- To reprove; chide; check; chasten; restrain; silence. See +Reprove. + +<! p. 1197 pr=vmg !> + +Re*buke" (r*bk"), n. 1. A direct and pointed reproof; a reprimand; +also, chastisement; punishment. + + For thy sake I have suffered rebuke. + + +Jer. xv. 15. + + Why bear you these rebukes and answer not? + + +Shak. + +2. Check; rebuff. [Obs.] L'Estrange. + +To be without rebuke, to live without giving cause of reproof or +censure; to be blameless. + +Re*buke"ful (-fl), a. Containing rebuke; of the nature of rebuke. +[Obs.] -- Re*buke"ful*ly, adv. [Obs.] + +Re*buk"er (-bk"r), n. One who rebukes. + +Re*buk"ing*ly, adv. By way of rebuke. + +Re`bul*li"tion (r`bl*lsh"n), n. The act of boiling up or effervescing. +[R.] Sir H. Wotton. + +Re*bur"y (r*br"r), v. t. To bury again. Ashmole. + +Re"bus (r"bs), n.; pl. Rebuses (-z). [L. rebus by things, abl. pl. of +res a thing: cf. F. rébus. Cf. 3d Real.] 1. A mode of expressing words +and phrases by pictures of objects whose names resemble those words, or +the syllables of which they are composed; enigmatical representation of +words by figures; hence, a peculiar form of riddle made up of such +representations. + +A gallant, in love with a woman named Rose Hill, had, embroidered on +his gown, a rose, a hill, an eye, a loaf, and a well, signifying, Rose +Hill I love well. + +2. (Her.) A pictorial suggestion on a coat of arms of the name of the +person to whom it belongs. See Canting arms, under Canting. + +Re"bus, v. t. To mark or indicate by a rebus. + + He [John Morton] had a fair library rebused with More in text and + Tun under it. + + +Fuller. + +Re*but" (r*bt"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rebutted; p. pr. & vb. n. +Rebutting.] [OF. rebouter to repulse, drive back; pref. re- + bouter to +push, thrust. See 1st Butt, Boutade.] 1. To drive or beat back; to +repulse. + + Who him, rencount'ring fierce, as hawk in flight, Perforce rebutted + back. + + +Spenser. + +2. (Law) To contradict, meet, or oppose by argument, plea, or +countervailing proof. Abbott. + +Re*but", v. i. 1. To retire; to recoil. [Obs.] Spenser. + +2. (Law) To make, or put in, an answer, as to a plaintiff's +surrejoinder. + + The plaintiff may answer the rejoinder by a surrejoinder; on which + the defendant may rebut. + + +Blackstone. + +Re*but"ta*ble (-t*b'l), a. Capable of being rebutted. + +Re*but"tal (-bt"tal), n. (Law) The giving of evidence on the part of a +plaintiff to destroy the effect of evidence introduced by the defendant +in the same suit. + +Re*but"ter (-tr), n. (Law) The answer of a defendant in matter of fact +to a plaintiff's surrejoinder. + +Re*ca"den*cy (r*k"den*s), n. A falling back or descending a second +time; a relapse. W. Montagu. + +Re*cal"ci*trant (r*kl"s*trant), a. [L. recalcitrans, p. pr. of +recalcitrare to kick back; pref. re- re- + calcitrare to kick, fr. calx +heel. Cf. Inculcate.] Kicking back; recalcitrating; hence, showing +repugnance or opposition; refractory. + +Re*cal"ci*trate (-trt), v. t. To kick against; to show repugnance to; +to rebuff. + + The more heartily did one disdain his disdain, and recalcitrate his + tricks. + + +De Quincey. + +Re*cal"ci*trate, v. i. To kick back; to kick against anything; hence, +to express repugnance or opposition. + +Re*cal`ci*tra"tion (-tr"shn), n. A kicking back again; opposition; +repugnance; refractoriness. + +Re*call" (r*kl"), v. t. 1. To call back; to summon to return; as, to +recall troops; to recall an ambassador. + + If Henry were recalled to life again. + + +Shak. + +2. To revoke; to annul by a subsequent act; to take back; to withdraw; +as, to recall words, or a decree. + + Passed sentence may not be recall'd. + + +Shak. + +3. To call back to mind; to revive in memory; to recollect; to +remember; as, to recall bygone days. + +Re*call", n. 1. A calling back; a revocation. + + 'T is done, and since 't is done, 't is past recall. + + +Dryden. + +2. (Mil.) A call on the trumpet, bugle, or drum, by which soldiers are +recalled from duty, labor, etc. Wilhelm. + +Re*call"a*ble (-*b'l), a. Capable of being recalled. + +Re*call"ment (-ment), n. Recall. [R.] R. Browning. + +Re*cant" (r*knt"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recanted; p. pr. & vb. n. +Recanting.] [L. recantare, recantatum, to recall, recant; pref. re- re- ++ cantare to sing, to sound. See 3d Cant, Chant.] To withdraw or +repudiate formally and publicly (opinions formerly expressed); to +contradict, as a former declaration; to take back openly; to retract; +to recall. + + How soon . . . ease would recant Vows made in pain, as violent and + void! + + +Milton. + +Syn. -- To retract; recall; revoke; abjure; disown; disavow. See +Renounce. + +Re*cant", v. i. To revoke a declaration or proposition; to unsay what +has been said; to retract; as, convince me that I am wrong, and I will +recant. Dryden. + +Re`can*ta"tion (r`kn*t"shn), n. The act of recanting; a declaration +that contradicts a former one; that which is thus asserted in +contradiction; retraction. + + The poor man was imprisoned for this discovery, and forced to make + a public recantation. + + +Bp. Stillingfleet. + +Re*cant"er (r*knt"r), n. One who recants. + +Re`ca*pac"i*tate (r`k*ps"*tt), v. t. To qualify again; to confer +capacity on again. Atterbury. + +Re*ca*pit"u*late (-pt"*lt), v. t. [L. recapitulare, recapitulatum; +pref. re- re- + capitulum a small head, chapter, section. See +Capitulate.] To repeat, as the principal points in a discourse, +argument, or essay; to give a summary of the principal facts, points, +or arguments of; to relate in brief; to summarize. + +Re`ca*pit"u*late (r`k*pt"*lt), v. i. To sum up, or enumerate by heads +or topics, what has been previously said; to repeat briefly the +substance. + +Re`ca*pit`u*la"tion (-l"shn), n. [LL. recapitulatio: cf. F. +recapitulation.] The act of recapitulating; a summary, or concise +statement or enumeration, of the principal points, facts, or +statements, in a preceding discourse, argument, or essay. + +Re`ca*pit"u*la`tor (- pt"*l`tr), n. One who recapitulates. + +Re`ca*pit"u*la*to*ry (-l*t*r), a. Of the nature of a recapitulation; +containing recapitulation. + +Re*cap"per (r*kp"pr), n. (Firearms) A tool used for applying a fresh +percussion cap or primer to a cartridge shell in reloading it. + +Re*cap"tion (r*kp"shn), n. (Law) The act of retaking, as of one who has +escaped after arrest; reprisal; the retaking of one's own goods, +chattels, wife, or children, without force or violence, from one who +has taken them and who wrongfully detains them. Blackstone. + +Writ of recaption (Law), a writ to recover damages for him whose goods, +being distrained for rent or service, are distrained again for the same +cause. Wharton. + +Re*cap"tor (-tr), n. One who recaptures; one who takes a prize which +had been previously taken. + +Re*cap"ture (-tr; 135), n. 1. The act of retaking or recovering by +capture; especially, the retaking of a prize or goods from a captor. + +2. That which is captured back; a prize retaken. + +Re*cap"ture, v. t. To capture again; to retake. + +Re*car"bon*ize (r*kär"bn*z), v. t. (Metal.) To restore carbon to; as, +to recarbonize iron in converting it into steel. + +Re*car"ni*fy (-n*f), v. t. To convert again into flesh. [Obs.] Howell. + +Re*car"riage (r*kr"rj), n. Act of carrying back. + +Re*car"ry (-r), v. t. To carry back. Walton. + +Re*cast" (r*kst"), v. t. 1. To throw again. Florio. + +2. To mold anew; to cast anew; to throw into a new form or shape; to +reconstruct; as, to recast cannon; to recast an argument or a play. + +3. To compute, or cast up, a second time. + +Rec"che (rk"ke), v. i. To reck. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Rec"che*les (-ls), a. Reckless. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Re*cede" (r*sd"), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Receded; p. pr. & vb. n. +Receding.] [L. recedere, recessum; pref. re- re- + cedere to go, to go +along: cf. F. recéder. See Cede.] 1. To move back; to retreat; to +withdraw. + + Like the hollow roar Of tides receding from the insulted shore. + + +Dryden. + + All bodies moved circularly endeavor to recede from the center. + + +Bentley. + +2. To withdraw a claim or pretension; to desist; to relinquish what had +been proposed or asserted; as, to recede from a demand or proposition. + +Syn. -- To retire; retreat; return; retrograde; withdraw; desist. + +Re*cede" (r*sd"), v. t. [Pref. re- + cede. Cf. Recede, v. i.] To cede +back; to grant or yield again to a former possessor; as, to recede +conquered territory. + +Re*ceipt" (r*st"), n. [OE. receite, OF. recete, recepte, F. recette, +fr. L. recipere, receptum, to receive. See Receive.] 1. The act of +receiving; reception. "At the receipt of your letter." Shak. + +2. Reception, as an act of hospitality. [Obs.] + + Thy kind receipt of me. + + +Chapman. + +3. Capability of receiving; capacity. [Obs.] + + It has become a place of great receipt. + + +Evelyn. + +4. Place of receiving. [Obs.] + + He saw a man, named Matthew, sitting at the receipt of custom. + + +Matt. ix. 9. + +5. Hence, a recess; a retired place. [Obs.] "In a retired receipt +together lay." Chapman. + +6. A formulary according to the directions of which things are to be +taken or combined; a recipe; as, a receipt for making sponge cake. + + She had a receipt to make white hair black. + + +Sir T. Browne. + +7. A writing acknowledging the taking or receiving of goods delivered; +an acknowledgment of money paid. + +8. That which is received; that which comes in, in distinction from +what is expended, paid out, sent away, and the like; -- usually in the +plural; as, the receipts amounted to a thousand dollars. + +Gross receipts. See under Gross, a. + +Re*ceipt", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Receipted; p. pr. & vb. n. Receipting.] +1. To give a receipt for; as, to receipt goods delivered by a sheriff. + +2. To put a receipt on, as by writing or stamping; as, to receipt a +bill. + +Re*ceipt", v. i. To give a receipt, as for money paid. + +Re*ceipt"ment (-ment), n. (O. Eng. Law) The receiving or harboring a +felon knowingly, after the commission of a felony. Burrill. + +Re*ceipt"or (-r), n. One who receipts; specifically (Law), one who +receipts for property which has been taken by the sheriff. + +Re*ceit" (r*st"), n. Receipt. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Re*ceiv`a*bil"i*ty (r*sv`*bl"*t), n. The quality of being receivable; +receivableness. + +Re*ceiv"a*ble (r*sv"*b'l), a. [Cf. F. recevable.] Capable of being +received. -- Re*ceiv"a*ble*ness, n. + +Bills receivable. See under 6th Bill. + +Re*ceive" (r*sv"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Received (-svd"); p. pr. & vb. +n. Receiving.] [OF. receveir, recevoir, F. recevoir, fr. L. recipere; +pref. re- re- + capere to take, seize. See Capable, Heave, and cf. +Receipt, Reception, Recipe.] 1. To take, as something that is offered, +given, committed, sent, paid, or the like; to accept; as, to receive +money offered in payment of a debt; to receive a gift, a message, or a +letter. + + Receyven all in gree that God us sent. + + +Chaucer. + +2. Hence: To gain the knowledge of; to take into the mind by assent to; +to give admission to; to accept, as an opinion, notion, etc.; to +embrace. + + Our hearts receive your warnings. + + +Shak. + + The idea of solidity we receive by our touch. + + +Locke. + +3. To allow, as a custom, tradition, or the like; to give credence or +acceptance to. + + Many other things there be which they have received to hold, as the + washing of cups, and pots. + + +Mark vii. 4. + +4. To give admittance to; to permit to enter, as into one's house, +presence, company, and the like; as, to receive a lodger, visitor, +ambassador, messenger, etc. + + They kindled a fire, and received us every one. + + +Acts xxviii. 2. + +5. To admit; to take in; to hold; to contain; to have capacity for; to +be able to take in. + + The brazen altar that was before the Lord was too little to receive + the burnt offerings. + + +1 Kings viii. 64. + +6. To be affected by something; to suffer; to be subjected to; as, to +receive pleasure or pain; to receive a wound or a blow; to receive +damage. + + Against his will he can receive no harm. + + +Milton. + +7. To take from a thief, as goods known to be stolen. + +8. (Lawn Tennis) To bat back (the ball) when served. + +Receiving ship, one on board of which newly recruited sailors are +received, and kept till drafted for service. + +Syn. -- To accept; take; allow; hold; retain; admit. -- Receive, +Accept. To receive describes simply the act of taking. To accept +denotes the taking with approval, or for the purposes for which a thing +is offered. Thus, we receive a letter when it comes to hand; we receive +news when it reaches us; we accept a present when it is offered; we +accept an invitation to dine with a friend. + + Who, if we knew What we receive, would either not accept Life + offered, or soon beg to lay it down. + + +Milton. + +Re*ceive" (r*sv"), v. i. 1. To receive visitors; to be at home to +receive calls; as, she receives on Tuesdays. + +2. (Lawn Tennis) To return, or bat back, the ball when served; as, it +is your turn to receive. + +Re*ceiv"ed*ness, n. The state or quality of being received, accepted, +or current; as, the receivedness of an opinion. Boyle. + +Re*ceiv"er (-r), n. [Cf. F. receveur.] 1. One who takes or receives in +any manner. + +2. (Law) A person appointed, ordinarily by a court, to receive, and +hold in trust, money or other property which is the subject of +litigation, pending the suit; a person appointed to take charge of the +estate and effects of a corporation, and to do other acts necessary to +winding up its affairs, in certain cases. Bouvier. + +3. One who takes or buys stolen goods from a thief, knowing them to be +stolen. Blackstone. + +4. (Chem.) (a) A vessel connected with an alembic, a retort, or the +like, for receiving and condensing the product of distillation. (b) A +vessel for receiving and containing gases. + +5. (Pneumatics) The glass vessel in which the vacuum is produced, and +the objects of experiment are put, in experiments with an air pump. Cf. +Bell jar, and see Illust. of Air pump. + +6. (Steam Engine) (a) A vessel for receiving the exhaust steam from the +high-pressure cylinder before it enters the low-pressure cylinder, in a +compound engine. (b) A capacious vessel for receiving steam from a +distant boiler, and supplying it dry to an engine. + +7. That portion of a telephonic apparatus, or similar system, at which +the message is received and made audible; -- opposed to transmitter. + +Exhausted receiver (Physics), a receiver, as that used with the air +pump, from which the air has been withdrawn; a vessel the interior of +which is a more or less complete vacuum. + +Re*ceiv"er*ship, n. The state or office of a receiver. + +Re*cel"e*brate (r*sl"*brt), v. t. To celebrate again, or anew. -- +Re*cel`e*bra"tion (-br"shn), n. + +Re"cen*cy (r"sen*s), n. [LL. recentia, fr. L. recens. See Recent.] The +state or quality of being recent; newness; new state; late origin; +lateness in time; freshness; as, the recency of a transaction, of a +wound, etc. + +Re*cense" (r*sns"), v. t. [L. recensere; pref. re- again + censere to +value, estimate: cf. F. recenser.] To review; to revise. [R.] Bentley. + +Re*cen"sion (r*sn"shn), n. [L. recensio: cf. F. recension.] 1. The act +of reviewing or revising; review; examination; enumeration. Barrow. + +2. Specifically, the review of a text (as of an ancient author) by an +editor; critical revisal and establishment. + +3. The result of such a work; a text established by critical revision; +an edited version. + +Re*cen"sion*ist, n. One who makes recensions; specifically, a critical +editor. + +Re"cent (r"sent), a. [L. recens, -entis: cf. F. récent.] 1. Of late +origin, existence, or occurrence; lately come; not of remote date, +antiquated style, or the like; not already known, familiar, worn out, +trite, etc.; fresh; novel; new; modern; as, recent news. + + The ancients were of opinion, that a considerable portion of that + country [Egypt] was recent, and formed out of the mud discharged + into the neighboring sea by the Nile. + + +Woodward. + +2. (Geol.) Of or pertaining to the present or existing epoch; as, +recent shells. + +Re*cen"ter (r*sn"tr), v. t. [Pref. re- + center.] To center again; to +restore to the center. Coleridge. + +Re"cent*ly (r"sent*l), adv. Newly; lately; freshly; not long since; as, +advices recently received. + +Re"cent*ness, n. Quality or state of being recent. + +Re*cep"ta*cle (r*sp"t*k'l), n. [F. réceptacle, L. receptaculum, fr. +receptare, v. intens. fr. recipere to receive. See Receive.] 1. That +which serves, or is used, for receiving and containing something, as a +basket, a vase, a bag, a reservoir; a repository. + + O sacred receptacle of my joys! + + +Shak. + +2. (Bot.) (a) The apex of the flower stalk, from which the organs of +the flower grow, or into which they are inserted. See Illust. of +Flower, and Ovary. (b) The dilated apex of a pedicel which serves as a +common support to a head of flowers. (c) An intercellular cavity +containing oil or resin or other matters. (d) A special branch which +bears the fructification in many cryptogamous plants. + +<! p. 1198 pr=vmg !> + +Rec`ep*tac"u*lar (rs`p*tk"*lr), a. [Cf. F. réceptaculaire.] (Bot.) +Pertaining to the receptacle, or growing on it; as, the receptacular +chaff or scales in the sunflower. + +||Rec`ep*tac"u*lum (-lm), n.; pl. Receptacula (-l). [L.] (Anat.) A +||receptacle; as, the receptaculum of the chyle. + +Rec"ep*ta*ry (rs"p*t*r), a. Generally or popularly admitted or +received. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. + +Rec"ep*ta*ry, n. That which is received. [Obs.] "Receptaries of +philosophy." Sir T. Browne. + +Re*cep`ti*bil"i*ty (r*sp`t*bl"*t), n. 1. The quality or state of being +receptible; receivableness. + +2. A receptible thing. [R.] Glanvill. + +Re*cep"ti*ble (r*sp"t*b'l), a. [L. receptibilis.] Such as may be +received; receivable. + +Re*cep"tion (-shn), n. [F. réception, L. receptio, fr. recipere, +receptum. See Receive.] 1. The act of receiving; receipt; admission; +as, the reception of food into the stomach; the reception of a letter; +the reception of sensation or ideas; reception of evidence. + +2. The state of being received. + +3. The act or manner of receiving, esp. of receiving visitors; +entertainment; hence, an occasion or ceremony of receiving guests; as, +a hearty reception; an elaborate reception. + + What reception a poem may find. + + +Goldsmith. + +4. Acceptance, as of an opinion or doctrine. + + Philosophers who have quitted the popular doctrines of their + countries have fallen into as extravagant opinions as even common + reception countenanced. + + +Locke. + +5. A retaking; a recovery. [Obs.] Bacon. + +Re*cep"tive (r*sp"tv), a. [Cf. F. réceptif. See Receive.] Having the +quality of receiving; able or inclined to take in, absorb, hold, or +contain; receiving or containing; as, a receptive mind. + + Imaginary space is receptive of all bodies. + + +Glanvill. + +Re*cep"tive*ness, n. The quality of being receptive. + +Rec`ep*tiv"i*ty (rs`p*tv"*t or r`sp- ), n. [Cf. F. réceptivité.] 1. The +state or quality of being receptive. + +2. (Kantian Philos.) The power or capacity of receiving impressions, as +those of the external senses. + +Re*cep"to*ry (r*sp"t*r; 277), n. [Cf. L. receptorium a place of +shelter.] Receptacle. [Obs.] Holland. + +Re*cess" (r*ss"), n. [L. recessus, fr. recedere, recessum. See Recede.] +1. A withdrawing or retiring; a moving back; retreat; as, the recess of +the tides. + + Every degree of ignorance being so far a recess and degradation + from rationality. + + +South. + + My recess hath given them confidence that I may be conquered. + + +Eikon Basilike. + +2. The state of being withdrawn; seclusion; privacy. + + In the recess of the jury they are to consider the evidence. + + +Sir M. Hale. + + Good verse recess and solitude requires. + + +Dryden. + +3. Remission or suspension of business or procedure; intermission, as +of a legislative body, court, or school. + + The recess of . . . Parliament lasted six weeks. + + +Macaulay. + +4. Part of a room formed by the receding of the wall, as an alcove, +niche, etc. + + A bed which stood in a deep recess. + + +W. Irving. + +5. A place of retirement, retreat, secrecy, or seclusion. + + Departure from this happy place, our sweet Recess, and only + consolation left. + + +Milton. + +6. Secret or abstruse part; as, the difficulties and recesses of +science. I. Watts. + +7. (Bot. & Zoöl.) A sinus. + +Re*cess", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recessed; p. pr. & vb. n. Recessing.] To +make a recess in; as, to recess a wall. + +Re*cess", n. [G.] A decree of the imperial diet of the old German +empire. Brande & C. + +Re*cessed" (r*sst"), a. 1. Having a recess or recesses; as, a recessed +arch or wall. + +2. Withdrawn; secluded. [R.] "Comfortably recessed from curious +impertinents." Miss Edgeworth. + +Recessed arch (Arch.), one of a series of arches constructed one within +another so as to correspond with splayed jambs of a doorway, or the +like. + +Re*ces"sion (r*ssh"n), n. [L. recessio, fr. recedere, recessum. See +Recede.] The act of receding or withdrawing, as from a place, a claim, +or a demand. South. + + Mercy may rejoice upon the recessions of justice. + + +Jer. Taylor. + +Re*ces"sion, n. [Pref. re- + cession.] The act of ceding back; +restoration; repeated cession; as, the recession of conquered territory +to its former sovereign. + +Re*ces"sion*al (-al), a. Of or pertaining to recession or withdrawal. + +Recessional hymn, a hymn sung in a procession returning from the choir +to the robing room. + +Re*ces"sive (r*ss"sv), a. Going back; receding. + +Re"chab*ite (r"kb*t), n. (Jewish Hist.) One of the descendants of +Jonadab, the son of Rechab, all of whom by his injunction abstained +from the use of intoxicating drinks and even from planting the vine. +Jer. xxxv. 2-19. Also, in modern times, a member of a certain society +of abstainers from alcoholic liquors. + +Re*change" (r*chnj"), v. t. & i. To change again, or change back. + +Re*charge" (r*chärj"), v. t. & i. [Pref. re- + charge: cf. F. +recharger.] 1. To charge or accuse in return. + +2. To attack again; to attack anew. Dryden. + +Re*char"ter (r*chär"tr), n. A second charter; a renewal of a charter. +D. Webster. + +Re*char"ter, v. t. To charter again or anew; to grant a second or +another charter to. + +Re*chase" (r*chs"), v. t. [Pref. re- + chase: cf. F. rechasser.] To +chase again; to chase or drive back. + +Re*cheat" (r*cht"), n. [F. requêté, fr. requêter to hunt anew. See +Request.] (Sporting) A strain given on the horn to call back the hounds +when they have lost track of the game. + +Re*cheat", v. i. To blow the recheat. Drayton. + +||Re*cher`ché" (re*shâr`sh"), a. [F.] Sought out with care; choice. +||Hence: of rare quality, elegance, or attractiveness; peculiar and +||refined in kind. + +Rech"less (rk"ls), a. Reckless. [Obs.] P. Plowman. + +Re*choose" (r*chz"), v. t. To choose again. + +Re*cid"i*vate (r*sd"*vt), v. i. [LL. recidivare. See Recidivous.] To +backslide; to fall again. [Obs.] + +Re*cid`i*va"tion (-v"shn), n. [LL. recidivatio.] A falling back; a +backsliding. Hammond. + +Re*cid"i*vous (r*sd"*vs), a. [L. recidivus, fr. recidere to fall back.] +Tending or liable to backslide or relapse to a former condition or +habit. + +Rec"i*pe (rs"*p), n.; pl. Recipes (- pz). [L., imperative of recipere +to take back, take in, receive. See Receive.] A formulary or +prescription for making some combination, mixture, or preparation of +materials; a receipt; especially, a prescription for medicine. + +Re*cip"i*an`gle (r*sp"*`g'l), n. [L. recipere to take + angulus angle.] +An instrument with two arms that are pivoted together at one end, and a +graduated arc, -- used by military engineers for measuring and laying +off angles of fortifications. + +{ Re*cip"i*ence (r*sp"*ens), Re*cip"i*en*cy (-en*s), } n. The quality +or state of being recipient; a receiving; reception; receptiveness. + +Re*cip"i*ent (-ent), n. [L. recipiens, -entis, receiving, p. pr. of +recipere to receive: cf. F. récipient. See Receive.] A receiver; the +person or thing that receives; one to whom, or that to which, anything +is given or communicated; specifically, the receiver of a still. + +Re*cip"i*ent, a. Receiving; receptive. + +Re*cip"ro*cal (-r*kal), a. [L. reciprocus; of unknown origin.] 1. +Recurring in vicissitude; alternate. + +2. Done by each to the other; interchanging or interchanged; given and +received; due from each to each; mutual; as, reciprocal love; +reciprocal duties. + + Let our reciprocal vows be remembered. + + +Shak. + +3. Mutually interchangeable. + + These two rules will render a definition reciprocal with the thing + defined. + + +I. Watts. + +4. (Gram.) Reflexive; -- applied to pronouns and verbs, but sometimes +limited to such pronouns as express mutual action. + +5. (Math.) Used to denote different kinds of mutual relation; often +with reference to the substitution of reciprocals for given quantities. +See the Phrases below. + +Reciprocal equation (Math.), one which remains unchanged in form when +the reciprocal of the unknown quantity is substituted for that +quantity. -- Reciprocal figures (Geom.), two figures of the same kind +(as triangles, parallelograms, prisms, etc.), so related that two sides +of the one form the extremes of a proportion of which the means are the +two corresponding sides of the other; in general, two figures so +related that the first corresponds in some special way to the second, +and the second corresponds in the same way to the first. -- Reciprocal +proportion (Math.), a proportion such that, of four terms taken in +order, the first has to the second the same ratio which the fourth has +to the third, or the first has to the second the same ratio which the +reciprocal of the third has to the reciprocal of the fourth. Thus, 2:5: +:20:8 form a reciprocal proportion, because 2:5: :1/20:1/8. -- +Reciprocal quantities (Math.), any two quantities which produce unity +when multiplied together. -- Reciprocal ratio (Math.), the ratio +between the reciprocals of two quantities; as, the reciprocal ratio of +4 to 9 is that of ¼ to . -- Reciprocal terms (Logic), those terms which +have the same signification, and, consequently, are convertible, and +may be used for each other. + +Syn. -- Mutual; alternate. -- Reciprocal, Mutual. The distinctive idea +of mutual is, that the parties unite by interchange in the same act; +as, a mutual covenant; mutual affection, etc. The distinctive idea of +reciprocal is, that one party acts by way of return or response to +something previously done by the other party; as, a reciprocal +kindness; reciprocal reproaches, etc. Love is reciprocal when the +previous affection of one party has drawn forth the attachment of the +other. To make it mutual in the strictest sense, the two parties should +have fallen in love at the same time; but as the result is the same, +the two words are here used interchangeably. The ebbing and flowing of +the tide is a case where the action is reciprocal, but not mutual. + +Re*cip"ro*cal, n. 1. That which is reciprocal to another thing. + + Corruption is a reciprocal to generation. + + +Bacon. + +2. (Arith. & Alg.) The quotient arising from dividing unity by any +quantity; thus, ¼ is the reciprocal of 4; 1/(a +b) is the reciprocal of +a + b. The reciprocal of a fraction is the fraction inverted, or the +denominator divided by the numerator. + +Re*cip`ro*cal"i*ty (-kl"*t), n. The quality or condition of being +reciprocal; reciprocalness. [R.] + +Re*cip"ro*cal*ly (r*sp"r*kal*l), adv. 1. In a reciprocal manner; so +that each affects the other, and is equally affected by it; +interchangeably; mutually. + + These two particles do reciprocally affect each other with the same + force. + + +Bentley. + +2. (Math.) In the manner of reciprocals. + +Reciprocally proportional (Arith. & Alg.), proportional, as two +variable quantities, so that the one shall have a constant ratio to the +reciprocal of the other. + +Re*cip"ro*cal*ness (r*sp"r*kal*ns), n. The quality or condition of +being reciprocal; mutual return; alternateness. + +Re*cip"ro*cate (-kt), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Reciprocated (- k`td); p. pr. +& vb. n. Reciprocating.] [L. reciprocatus, p. p. of reciprocare. See +Reciprocal.] To move forward and backward alternately; to recur in +vicissitude; to act interchangeably; to alternate. + + One brawny smith the puffing bellows plies, And draws and blows + reciprocating air. + + +Dryden. + +Reciprocating engine, a steam, air, or gas engine, etc., in which the +piston moves back and forth; -- in distinction from a rotary engine, in +which the piston travels continuously in one direction in a circular +path. -- Reciprocating motion (Mech.), motion alternately backward and +forward, or up and down, as of a piston rod. + +Re*cip"ro*cate, v. t. To give and return mutually; to make return for; +to give in return; to interchange; to alternate; as, to reciprocate +favors. Cowper. + +Re*cip`ro*ca"tion (-k"shn), n. [L. reciprocatio: cf. F. réciprocation.] +1. The act of reciprocating; interchange of acts; a mutual giving and +returning; as, the reciprocation of kindnesses. + +2. Alternate recurrence or action; as, the reciprocation of the sea in +the flow and ebb of tides. Sir T. Browne. + +Rec`i*proc"i*ty (rs`*prs"*t), n. [Cf. F. réciprocité. See Reciprocal.] +1. Mutual action and reaction. + +2. Reciprocal advantages, obligations, or rights; reciprocation. + +Reciprocity treaty, or Treaty of reciprocity, a treaty concluded +between two countries, conferring equal privileges as regards customs +or charges on imports, or in other respects. + +Syn. -- Reciprocation; interchange; mutuality. + +Re*cip`ro*cor"nous (r*sp`r*kôr"ns), a. [L. reciprocus returning, +reciprocal + cornu horn.] (Zoöl.) Having horns turning backward and +then forward, like those of a ram. [R.] Ash. + +Re*cip"ro*cous (r*sp"r*ks), a. Reciprocal. [Obs.] + +Rec"i*prok (rs"*prk), a. [F. réciproque, L. reciprocus.] Reciprocal. +[Obs.] B. Jonson. + +Rec"i*proque (rs"*prk), a. & n. [F. réciproque.] Reciprocal. Bacon. + +Re*ci"sion (r*szh"n), n. [L. recisio, fr. recidere, recisum, to cut +off; pref. re- re- + caedere to cut.] The act of cutting off. Sherwood. + +Re*cit"al (r*st"al), n. [From Recite.] 1. The act of reciting; the +repetition of the words of another, or of a document; rehearsal; as, +the recital of testimony. + +2. A telling in detail and due order of the particulars of anything, as +of a law, an adventure, or a series of events; narration. Addison. + +3. That which is recited; a story; a narration. + +4. (Mus.) A vocal or instrumental performance by one person; -- +distinguished from concert; as, a song recital; an organ, piano, or +violin recital. + +5. (Law) The formal statement, or setting forth, of some matter of fact +in any deed or writing in order to explain the reasons on which the +transaction is founded; the statement of matter in pleading +introductory to some positive allegation. Burn. + +Syn. -- Account; rehearsal; recitation; narration; description; +explanation; enumeration; detail; narrative. See Account. + +Rec`i*ta"tion (rs`*t"shn), n. [L. recitatio: cf. F. récitation. See +Recite.] 1. The act of reciting; rehearsal; repetition of words or +sentences. Hammond. + +2. The delivery before an audience of something committed to memory, +especially as an elocutionary exhibition; also, that which is so +delivered. + +3. (Colleges and Schools) The rehearsal of a lesson by pupils before +their instructor. + +Rec`i*ta*tive" (rs`*t*tv"), n. [It. recitativo, or F. récitatif. See +Recite.] (Mus.) A species of musical recitation in which the words are +delivered in a manner resembling that of ordinary declamation; also, a +piece of music intended for such recitation; -- opposed to melisma. + +Rec`i*ta*tive", a. Of or pertaining to recitation; intended for musical +recitation or declamation; in the style or manner of recitative. -- +Rec`i*ta*tive"ly, adv. + +||Rec`i*ta*ti"vo (-t"v), n. [It.] (Mus.) Recitative. + +Re*cite" (r*st"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recited; p. pr. & vb. n. +Reciting.] [F. réciter, fr. L. recitare, recitatum; pref. re- re- + +citare to call or name, to cite. See Cite.] 1. To repeat, as something +already prepared, written down, committed to memory, or the like; to +deliver from a written or printed document, or from recollection; to +rehearse; as, to recite the words of an author, or of a deed or +covenant. + +2. To tell over; to go over in particulars; to relate; to narrate; as, +to recite past events; to recite the particulars of a voyage. + +3. To rehearse, as a lesson to an instructor. + +4. (Law) To state in or as a recital. See Recital, 5. + +Syn. -- To rehearse; narrate; relate; recount; describe; recapitulate; +detail; number; count. + +Re*cite", v. i. To repeat, pronounce, or rehearse, as before an +audience, something prepared or committed to memory; to rehearse a +lesson learned. + +Re*cite", n. A recital. [Obs.] Sir W. Temple. + +Re*cit"er (-st"r), n. One who recites; also, a book of extracts for +recitation. + +Reck (rk), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recked (rkt) (obs. imp. Roughte); p. pr. +& vb. n. Recking.] [AS. reccan, rcan, to care for; akin to OS. rkian, +OHG. ruochan, G. geruhen, Icel. rækja, also to E. reckon, rake an +implement. See Rake, and cf. Reckon.] 1. To make account of; to care +for; to heed; to regard. [Archaic] + + This son of mine not recking danger. + + +Sir P. Sidney. + + And may you better reck the rede Than ever did the adviser. + + +Burns. + +2. To concern; -- used impersonally. [Poetic] + + What recks it them? + + +Milton. + +<! p. 1199 pr=vmg !> + +Reck (rk), v. i. To make account; to take heed; to care; to mind; -- +often followed by of. [Archaic] + + Then reck I not, when I have lost my life. + + +Chaucer. + + I reck not though I end my life to- day. + + +Shak. + + Of me she recks not, nor my vain desire. + + +M. Arnold. + +Reck"less, a. [AS. recceleás, rceleás.] 1. Inattentive to duty; +careless; neglectful; indifferent. Chaucer. + +2. Rashly negligent; utterly careless or heedless. + + It made the king as reckless as them diligent. + + +Sir P. Sidney. + +Syn. -- Heedless; careless; mindless; thoughtless; negligent; +indifferent; regardless; unconcerned; inattentive; remiss; rash. + +-- Reck"less*ly, adv. -- Reck"less*ness, n. + +Reck"ling (-lng), a. Needing care; weak; feeble; as, a reckling child. +H. Taylor. -- n. A weak child or animal. Tennyson. + +Reck"on (rk"'n), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reckoned (-'nd); p. pr. & vb. n. +Reckoning.] [OE. rekenen, AS. gerecenian to explain; akin to D. rekenen +to reckon, G. rechnen, OHG. rehhann (cf. Goth. rahnjan), and to E. +reck, rake an implement; the original sense probably being, to bring +together, count together. See Reck, v. t.] + +1. To count; to enumerate; to number; also, to compute; to calculate. + + The priest shall reckon to him the money according to the years + that remain. + + +Lev. xxvii. 18. + + I reckoned above two hundred and fifty on the outside of the + church. + + +Addison. + +2. To count as in a number, rank, or series; to estimate by rank or +quality; to place by estimation; to account; to esteem; to repute. + + He was reckoned among the transgressors. + + +Luke xxii. 37. + + For him I reckon not in high estate. + + +Milton. + +3. To charge, attribute, or adjudge to one, as having a certain quality +or value. + + Faith was reckoned to Abraham for righteousness. + + +Rom. iv. 9. + + Without her eccentricities being reckoned to her for a crime. + + +Hawthorne. + +4. To conclude, as by an enumeration and balancing of chances; hence, +to think; to suppose; -- followed by an objective clause; as, I reckon +he won't try that again. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U. S.] + +Syn. -- To number; enumerate; compute; calculate; estimate; value; +esteem; account; repute. See Calculate, Guess. + +Reck"on, v. i. 1. To make an enumeration or computation; to engage in +numbering or computing. Shak. + +2. To come to an accounting; to make up accounts; to settle; to examine +and strike the balance of debt and credit; to adjust relations of +desert or penalty. + + "Parfay," sayst thou, "sometime he reckon shall." + + +Chaucer. + +To reckon for, to answer for; to pay the account for. "If they fail in +their bounden duty, they shall reckon for it one day." Bp. Sanderson. +-- To reckon on or upon, to count or depend on. -- To reckon with, to +settle accounts or claims with; -- used literally or figuratively. + + After a long time the lord of those servants cometh, and reckoneth + with them. + + +Matt. xxv. 19. + +-- To reckon without one's host, to ignore in a calculation or +arrangement the person whose assent is essential; hence, to reckon +erroneously. + +Reck"on*er (-r), n. One who reckons or computes; also, a book of +calculations, tables, etc., to assist in reckoning. + + Reckoners without their host must reckon twice. + + +Camden. + +Reck"on*ing, n. 1. The act of one who reckons, counts, or computes; the +result of reckoning or counting; calculation. Specifically: (a) An +account of time. Sandys. (b) Adjustment of claims and accounts; +settlement of obligations, liabilities, etc. + + Even reckoning makes lasting friends, and the way to make + reckonings even is to make them often. + + +South. + + He quitted London, never to return till the day of a terrible and + memorable reckoning had arrived. + + +Macaulay. + +2. The charge or account made by a host at an inn. + + A coin would have a nobler use than to pay a reckoning. + + +Addison. + +3. Esteem; account; estimation. + + You make no further reckoning of it [beauty] than of an outward + fading benefit nature bestowed. + + +Sir P. Sidney. + +4. (Navigation) (a) The calculation of a ship's position, either from +astronomical observations, or from the record of the courses steered +and distances sailed as shown by compass and log, -- in the latter case +called dead reckoning (see under Dead); -- also used for dead reckoning +in contradistinction to observation. (b) The position of a ship as +determined by calculation. + +To be out of her reckoning, to be at a distance from the place +indicated by the reckoning; -- said of a ship. + +Re*claim" (r*klm"), v. t. To claim back; to demand the return of as a +right; to attempt to recover possession of. + + A tract of land [Holland] snatched from an element perpetually + reclaiming its prior occupancy. + + +W. Coxe. + +Re*claim" (r*klm"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reclaimed (-klmd"); p. pr. & +vb. n. Reclaiming.] [F. réclamer, L. reclamare, reclamatum, to cry out +against; pref. re- re- + clamare to call or cry aloud. See Claim.] 1. +To call back, as a hawk to the wrist in falconry, by a certain +customary call. Chaucer. + +2. To call back from flight or disorderly action; to call to, for the +purpose of subduing or quieting. + + The headstrong horses hurried Octavius . . . along, and were deaf + to his reclaiming them. + + +Dryden. + +3. To reduce from a wild to a tamed state; to bring under discipline; +-- said especially of birds trained for the chase, but also of other +animals. "An eagle well reclaimed." Dryden. + +4. Hence: To reduce to a desired state by discipline, labor, +cultivation, or the like; to rescue from being wild, desert, waste, +submerged, or the like; as, to reclaim wild land, overflowed land, etc. + +5. To call back to rectitude from moral wandering or transgression; to +draw back to correct deportment or course of life; to reform. + + It is the intention of Providence, in all the various expressions + of his goodness, to reclaim mankind. + + +Rogers. + +6. To correct; to reform; -- said of things. [Obs.] + + Your error, in time reclaimed, will be venial. + + +Sir E. Hoby. + +7. To exclaim against; to gainsay. [Obs.] Fuller. + +Syn. -- To reform; recover; restore; amend; correct. + +Re*claim" (r*klm"), v. i. 1. To cry out in opposition or contradiction; +to exclaim against anything; to contradict; to take exceptions. + + Scripture reclaims, and the whole Catholic church reclaims, and + Christian ears would not hear it. + + +Waterland. + + At a later period Grote reclaimed strongly against Mill's setting + Whately above Hamilton. + + +Bain. + +2. To bring anyone back from evil courses; to reform. + + They, hardened more by what might most reclaim, Grieving to see his + glory, . . . took envy. + + +Milton. + +3. To draw back; to give way. [R. & Obs.] Spenser. + +Re*claim", n. The act of reclaiming, or the state of being reclaimed; +reclamation; recovery. [Obs.] + +Re*claim"a*ble (-*b'l), a. That may be reclaimed. + +Re*claim"ant (-ant), n. [Cf. F. réclamant, p. pr.] One who reclaims; +one who cries out against or contradicts. Waterland. + +Re*claim"er (-r), n. One who reclaims. + +Re*claim"less, a. That can not be reclaimed. + +Rec`la*ma"tion (rk`l*m"shn), n. [F. réclamation, L. reclamatio. See +Reclaim.] 1. The act or process of reclaiming. + +2. Representation made in opposition; remonstrance. + + I would now, on the reclamation both of generosity and of justice, + try clemency. + + +Landor. + +Re*clasp" (r*klsp"), v. i. To clasp or unite again. + +Re*clin"ant (r*kln"ant), a. [L. reclinans, p. pr. See Recline.] Bending +or leaning backward. + +Rec"li*nate (rk"l*nt), a. [L. reclinatus, p. p.] (Bot.) Reclined, as a +leaf; bent downward, so that the point, as of a stem or leaf, is lower +than the base. + +Rec`li*na"tion (rk`l*n"shn), n. [Cf. F. réclinaison.] 1. The act of +leaning or reclining, or the state of being reclined. + +2. (Dialing) The angle which the plane of the dial makes with a +vertical plane which it intersects in a horizontal line. Brande & C. + +3. (Surg.) The act or process of removing a cataract, by applying the +needle to its anterior surface, and depressing it into the vitreous +humor in such a way that the front surface of the cataract becomes the +upper one and its back surface the lower one. Dunglison. + +Re*cline" (r*kln"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reclined (-klnd"); p. pr. & vb. +n. Reclining.] [L. reclinare; pref. re- re- + clinare to lean, incline. +See Incline, Lean to incline.] To cause or permit to lean, incline, +rest, etc.; to place in a recumbent position; as, to recline the head +on the hand. + + The mother Reclined her dying head upon his breast. + + +Dryden. + +Re*cline", v. i. 1. To lean or incline; as, to recline against a wall. + +2. To assume, or to be in, a recumbent position; as, to recline on a +couch. + +Re*cline", a. [L. reclinis. See Recline, v. t.] Having a reclining +posture; leaning; reclining. [R.] + + They sat, recline On the soft downy bank, damasked with flowers. + + +Milton. + +Re*clined" (r*klnd"), a. (Bot.) Falling or turned downward; reclinate. + +Re*clin"er (r*kln"r), n. One who, or that which, reclines. + +Re*clin"ing, a. (Bot.) (a) Bending or curving gradually back from the +perpendicular. (b) Recumbent. + +Reclining dial, a dial whose plane is inclined to the vertical line +through its center. Davies & Peck (Math. Dict.). + +Re*close" (r*klz"), v. t. To close again. Pope. + +Re*clothe" (r*klth"), v. t. To clothe again. + +Re*clude" (r*kld"), v. t. [L. recludere to unclose, open; pref. re- +again, back, un- + claudere to shut.] To open; to unclose. [R.] Harvey. + +Re*cluse" (r*kls"), a. [F. reclus, L. reclusus, from recludere, +reclusum, to unclose, open, in LL., to shut up. See Close.] Shut up; +sequestered; retired from the world or from public notice; solitary; +living apart; as, a recluse monk or hermit; a recluse life. + + In meditation deep, recluse From human converse. + + +J. Philips. + +Re*cluse", n. [F. reclus, LL. reclusus. See Recluse, a.] 1. A person +who lives in seclusion from intercourse with the world, as a hermit or +monk; specifically, one of a class of secluded devotees who live in +single cells, usually attached to monasteries. + +2. The place where a recluse dwells. [Obs.] Foxe. + +Re*cluse", v. t. To shut up; to seclude. [Obs.] + +Re*cluse"ly, adv. In a recluse or solitary manner. + +Re*cluse"ness, n. Quality or state of being recluse. + +Re*clu"sion (-kl"zhn), n. [LL. reclusio: cf. F. reclusion.] A state of +retirement from the world; seclusion. + +Re*clu"sive (-sv), a. Affording retirement from society. "Some +reclusive and religious life." Shak. + +Re*clu"so*ry (-s*r), n. [LL. reclusorium.] The habitation of a recluse; +a hermitage. + +Re*coct" (r*kkt"), v. t. [L. recoctus, p. p. of recoquere to cook or +boil over again. See Re-, and 4th Cook.] To boil or cook again; hence, +to make over; to vamp up; to reconstruct. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. + +Re*coc"tion (r*kk"shn), n. A second coction or preparation; a vamping +up. + +Rec`og*ni"tion (rk`g*nsh"n), n. [L. recognitio: cf. F. recognition. See +Recognizance.] The act of recognizing, or the state of being +recognized; acknowledgment; formal avowal; knowledge confessed or +avowed; notice. + + The lives of such saints had, at the time of their yearly + memorials, solemn recognition in the church of God. + + +Hooker. + +Re*cog"ni*tor (r*kg"n*tr), n. [LL.] (Law) One of a jury impaneled on an +assize. Blackstone. + +Re*cog"ni*to*ry (-t*r), a. Pertaining to, or connected with, +recognition. Lamb. + +Rec`og*ni`za*bil"i*ty (rk`g*n`z*bl"*t), n. The quality or condition of +being recognizable. + +Rec"og*ni`za*ble (rk"g*n`z*b'l or r*kg"n-; 277), a. Capable of being +recognized. [Written also recognisable.] -- Rec"og*ni`za*bly, adv. + +Re*cog"ni*zance (r*kg"n*zans or r*kn"-), n. [F. reconnaissance, OF. +recognoissance, fr. recognoissant, p. pr. of recognoistre to recognize, +F. reconnaître, fr. L. recognoscere; pref. re- re- + cognoscere to +know. See Cognizance, Know, and cf. Recognize, Reconnoissance.] +[Written also recognisance.] 1. (Law) (a) An obligation of record +entered into before some court of record or magistrate duly authorized, +with condition to do some particular act, as to appear at the same or +some other court, to keep the peace, or pay a debt. A recognizance +differs from a bond, being witnessed by the record only, and not by the +party's seal. (b) The verdict of a jury impaneled upon assize. Cowell. + +Among lawyers the g in this and the related words (except recognize) is +usually silent. + +2. A token; a symbol; a pledge; a badge. + + That recognizance and pledge of love Which I first gave her. + + +Shak. + +3. Acknowledgment of a person or thing; avowal; profession; +recognition. + +Re*cog`ni*za"tion (-z"shn), n. Recognition. [R.] + +Rec"og*nize (rk"g*nz), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recognized (- nzd); p. pr. & +vb. n. Recognizing (- n`zng).] [From Recognizance; see Cognition, and +cf. Reconnoiter.] [Written also recognise.] 1. To know again; to +perceive the identity of, with a person or thing previously known; to +recover or recall knowledge of. + + Speak, vassal; recognize thy sovereign queen. + + +Harte. + +2. To avow knowledge of; to allow that one knows; to consent to admit, +hold, or the like; to admit with a formal acknowledgment; as, to +recognize an obligation; to recognize a consul. + +3. To acknowledge acquaintance with, as by salutation, bowing, or the +like. + +4. To show appreciation of; as, to recognize services by a testimonial. + +5. To review; to reëxamine. [Obs.] South. + +6. To reconnoiter. [Obs.] R. Monro. + +Syn. -- To acknowledge; avow; confess; own; allow; concede. See +Acknowledge. + +Rec"og*nize, v. i. (Law) To enter an obligation of record before a +proper tribunal; as, A B recognized in the sum of twenty dollars. +[Written also recognise.] + +In legal usage in the United States the second syllable is often +accented. + +Re*cog`ni*zee" (r*kg`n*z" or r*kn`*z"), n. (Law) The person in whose +favor a recognizance is made. [Written also recognisee.] Blackstone. + +Rec"og*ni`zer (rk"g*n`zr), n. One who recognizes; a recognizor. +[Written also recogniser.] + +Re*cog`ni*zor" (r*kg`n*zôr" or r*kn`*zôr"), n. (Law) One who enters +into a recognizance. [Written also recognisor.] Blackstone. + +Rec"og*nosce (rk"g*ns), v. t. [L. recognoscere. See Recognizance.] To +recognize. [R. & Obs.] Boyle. + +Re*coil" (r*koil"), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Recoiled (-koild"); p. pr. & +vb. n. Recoiling.] [OE. recoilen, F. reculer, fr. L. pref. re- re- + +culus the fundament. The English word was perhaps influenced in form by +accoil.] + +1. To start, roll, bound, spring, or fall back; to take a reverse +motion; to be driven or forced backward; to return. + + Evil on itself shall back recoil. + + +Milton. + + The solemnity of her demeanor made it impossible . . . that we + should recoil into our ordinary spirits. + + +De Quincey. + +2. To draw back, as from anything repugnant, distressing, alarming, or +the like; to shrink. Shak. + +3. To turn or go back; to withdraw one's self; to retire. [Obs.] "To +your bowers recoil." Spenser. + +Re*coil", v. t. To draw or go back. [Obs.] Spenser. + +Re*coil", n. 1. A starting or falling back; a rebound; a shrinking; as, +the recoil of nature, or of the blood. + +2. The state or condition of having recoiled. + + The recoil from formalism is skepticism. + + +F. W. Robertson. + +3. Specifically, the reaction or rebounding of a firearm when +discharged. + +Recoil dynamometer (Gunnery), an instrument for measuring the force of +the recoil of a firearm. -- Recoil escapement. See the Note under +Escapement. + +Re*coil"er (-r), n. One who, or that which, recoils. + +Re*coil"ing*ly, adv. In the manner of a recoil. + +Re*coil"ment, n. [Cf. F. reculement.] Recoil. [R.] + +Re*coin" (r*koin"), v. t. To coin anew or again. + +Re*coin"age (-j), n. 1. The act of coining anew. + +2. That which is coined anew. + +Re`-col*lect" (r`kl*lkt"), v. t. [Pref. re- + collect.] To collect +again; to gather what has been scattered; as, to re- collect routed +troops. + + God will one day raise the dead, re-collecting our scattered dust. + + +Barrow. + +Rec`ol*lect" (rk`l*lkt"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recollected; p. pr. & vb. +n. Recollecting.] [Pref. re- + collect: cf. L. recolligere, +recollectum, to collect. Cf. Recollet.] 1. To recover or recall the +knowledge of; to bring back to the mind or memory; to remember. + +2. Reflexively, to compose one's self; to recover self-command; as, to +recollect one's self after a burst of anger; -- sometimes, formerly, in +the perfect participle. + + The Tyrian queen . . . Admired his fortunes, more admired the man; + Then recollected stood. + + +Dryden. + +Rec"ol*lect (rk"l*lkt), n. [See Recollet.] (Eccl.) A friar of the +Strict Observance, -- an order of Franciscans. [Written also Recollet.] +Addis & Arnold. + +<! p. 1200 !> + +Rec`ol*lec"tion (r?k`?l*l?k"sh?n), n. [Cf. F. récollection.] 1. The act +of recollecting, or recalling to the memory; the operation by which +objects are recalled to the memory, or ideas revived in the mind; +reminiscence; remembrance. + +2. The power of recalling ideas to the mind, or the period within which +things can be recollected; remembrance; memory; as, an event within my +recollection. + +3. That which is recollected; something called to mind; reminiscence. +"One of his earliest recollections." Macaulay. + +4. The act or practice of collecting or concentrating the mind; +concentration; self-control. [Archaic] + + From such an education Charles contracted habits of gravity and + recollection. + + +Robertson. + +Syn. -- Reminiscence; remembrance. See Memory. + +Rec`ol*lect"ive (-l?k"t?v), a. Having the power of recollecting. J. +Foster. + +Rec"ol*let (r?k"?l*l?t; F. r?`k?`l?"), n. [F. récollet, fr. L. +recollectus, p. p. of recolligere to gather again, to gather up; NL., +to collect one's self, esp. for religious contemplation.] (Eccl.) Same +as Recollect, n. + +Re*col`o*ni*za"tion (r?*k?l`?*n?*z?"sh?n), n. A second or renewed +colonization. + +Re*col"o*nize (r?*k?l"?*n?z), v. t. To colonize again. + +Re*com`bi*na"tion (r?*k?m`b?*n?"sh?n), n. Combination a second or +additional time. + +Re`com*bine" (r?`k?m*b?n"), v. t. To combine again. + +Re*com"fort (r?*k?m"f?rt), v. t. [Pref. re- + comfort: cf. F. +réconforter.] To comfort again; to console anew; to give new strength +to. Bacon. + + Gan her recomfort from so sad affright. + + +Spenser. + +Re*com"fort*less, a. Without comfort. [Obs.] + +Re*com"for*ture (-f?r*t?r;135), n. The act of recomforting; restoration +of comfort. [Obs.] Shak. + +Re`com*mence" (r?`k?m*m?ns"), v. i. 1. To commence or begin again. +Howell. + +2. To begin anew to be; to act again as. [Archaic.] + + He seems desirous enough of recommencing courtier. + + +Johnson. + +Re`com*mence", v. t. [Pref. re- + commence: cf. F. recommencer.] To +commence again or anew. + +Re`com*mence"ment (-ment), n. A commencement made anew. + +Rec`om*mend" (r?k`?m*m?nd"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recommended; p. pr. & +vb. n. Recommending.] [Pref. re- + commend: cf. F. recommander.] 1. To +commend to the favorable notice of another; to commit to another's +care, confidence, or acceptance, with favoring representations; to put +in a favorable light before any one; to bestow commendation on; as, he +recommended resting the mind and exercising the body. + + Mæcenas recommended Virgil and Horace to Augustus, whose praises . + . . have made him precious to posterity. + + +Dryden. + +2. To make acceptable; to attract favor to. + + A decent boldness ever meets with friends, Succeeds, and e'en a + stranger recommends. + + +Pope. + +3. To commit; to give in charge; to commend. + + Paul chose Silas and departed, being recommended by the brethren + unto the grace of God. + + +Acts xv. 40. + +Rec`om*mend"a*ble (-?*b'l), a. [Cf. F. recommandable.] Suitable to be +recommended; worthy of praise; commendable. Glanvill. -- +Rec`om*mend"a*ble*ness, n. -- Rec`om*mend"a*bly, adv. + +Rec`om*men*da"tion (r?k`?m*m?n*d?"sh?n), n. [Cf. F. recommandation.] 1. +The act of recommending. + +2. That which recommends, or commends to favor; anything procuring, or +tending to procure, a favorable reception, or to secure acceptance and +adoption; as, he brought excellent recommendations. + +3. The state of being recommended; esteem. [R.] + + The burying of the dead . . . hath always been had in an + extraordinary recommendation amongst the ancient. + + +Sir T. North. + +Rec`om*mend"a*tive (-m?nd"?*t?v), n. That which recommends; a +recommendation. [Obs.] + +Rec`om*mend"a*to*ry (-?*t?*r?), a. Serving to recommend; recommending; +commendatory. Swift. + +Rec`om*mend"er (-?r), n. One who recommends. + +Re`com*mis"sion (r?`k?m*m?sh?n), v. t. To commission again; to give a +new commission to. + + Officers whose time of service had expired were to be + recommissioned. + + +Marshall. + +Re`com*mit" (-m?t"), v. t. To commit again; to give back into keeping; +specifically, to refer again to a committee; as, to recommit a bill to +the same committee. + +{ Re`com*mit"ment (-ment), Re`com*mit"tal (-?l), } n. A second or +renewed commitment; a renewed reference to a committee. + +Re`com*pact" (-p?kt"), v. t. To compact or join anew. "Recompact my +scattered body." Donne. + +Re*com`pen*sa"tion (r?*k?m`p?n*s?"sh?n), n. [Cf. LL. recompensatio.] 1. +Recompense. [Obs.] + +2. (Scots Law) Used to denote a case where a set-off pleaded by the +defendant is met by a set-off pleaded by the plaintiff. + +Rec"om*pense (rk"m*pns), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recompensed (-p?nst); p. +pr. & vb. n. Recompensing (-p?n`s?ng).] [F. récompenser, LL. +recompensare, fr.L. pref. re- re- + compensare to compensate. See +Compensate.] 1. To render an equivalent to, for service, loss, etc.; to +requite; to remunerate; to compensate. + + He can not recompense me better. + + +Shak. + +2. To return an equivalent for; to give compensation for; to atone for; +to pay for. + + God recompenseth the gift. + + +Robynson (More's Utopia). + + To recompense My rash, but more unfortunate, misdeed. + + +Milton. + +3. To give in return; to pay back; to pay, as something earned or +deserved. [R.] + + Recompense to no man evil for evil. + + +Rom. xii. 17. + +Syn. -- To repay; requite; compensate; reward; remunerate. + +Rec"om*pense (r?k"?m*p?ns), v. i. To give recompense; to make amends or +requital. [Obs.] + +Rec"om*pense, n. [Cf. F. récompense.] An equivalent returned for +anything done, suffered, or given; compensation; requital; suitable +return. + + To me belongeth vengeance, and recompense. + + +Deut. xxii. 35. + + And every transgression and disobedience received a just recompense + of reward. + + +Heb. ii. 2. + +Syn. -- Repayment; compensation; remuneration; amends; satisfaction; +reward; requital. + +Rec"om*pense`ment (-p?ns`m?nt), n. Recompense; requital. [Obs.] Fabyan. + +Rec"om*pen`ser (-p?n`s?r), n. One who recompenses. + + A thankful recompenser of the benefits received. + + +Foxe. + +Rec"om*pen`sive (-s?v), a. Of the nature of recompense; serving to +recompense. Sir T. Browne. + +Re*com`pi*la"tion (r?*k?m`p?*l?"tion), n. A new compilation. + +Re`com*pile" (r`km*pl"), v. t. To compile anew. + +Re`com*pile"ment (-ment), n. The act of recompiling; new compilation or +digest; as, a recompilement of the laws. Bacon. + +Re`com*pose" (-p?z"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recomposed (-p?zd"); p. pr. & +vb. n. Recomposing.] [Pref. re- + compose: cf. F. recomposer.] 1. To +compose again; to form anew; to put together again or repeatedly. + + The far greater number of the objects presented to our observation + can only be decomposed, but not actually recomposed. + + +Sir W. Hamilton. + +2. To restore to composure; to quiet anew; to tranquilize; as, to +recompose the mind. Jer. Taylor. + +Re`com*pos"er (-p?z"?r), n. One who recomposes. + +Re*com`po*si"tion (r?*k?m`p?z?sh?n), n. [Cf. F. recomposition.] The act +of recomposing. + +Rec"on*ci`la*ble (r?k"?n*s?`l?*b'l), a. [Cf. F. réconciliable.] Capable +of being reconciled; as, reconcilable adversaries; an act reconciable +with previous acts. + + The different accounts of the numbers of ships are reconcilable. + + +Arbuthnot. + +-- Rec"on*ci`la*ble*ness, n. -- Rec"on*ci`la*bly, adv. + +Rec"on*cile` (-s?l`), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reconciled (-s?ld`); p. pr. & +vb. n. Reconciling.] [F. réconcilier, L. reconciliare; pref. re- re- + +conciliare to bring together, to unite. See Conciliate.] 1. To cause to +be friendly again; to conciliate anew; to restore to friendship; to +bring back to harmony; to cause to be no longer at variance; as, to +reconcile persons who have quarreled. + + Propitious now and reconciled by prayer. + + +Dryden. + + The church [if defiled] is interdicted till it be reconciled [i.e., + restored to sanctity] by the bishop. + + +Chaucer. + + We pray you . . . be ye reconciled to God. + + +2 Cor. v. 20. + +2. To bring to acquiescence, content, or quiet submission; as, to +reconcile one's self to affictions. + +3. To make consistent or congruous; to bring to agreement or +suitableness; -- followed by with or to. + + The great men among the ancients understood how to reconcile manual + labor with affairs of state. + + +Locke. + + Some figures monstrous and misshaped appear, Considered singly, or + beheld too near; Which, but proportioned to their light or place, + Due distance reconciles to form and grace. + + +Pope. + +4. To adjust; to settle; as, to reconcile differences. + +Syn. -- To reunite; conciliate; placate; propitiate; pacify; appease. + +Rec"on*cile`, v. i. To become reconciled. [Obs.] + +Rec"on*cile`ment (-ment), n. Reconciliation. Milton. + +Rec"on*ci`ler (-s?`l?r), n. One who reconciles. + +Rec`on*cil`i*a"tion (-s?l`?*?"sh?n), n. [F. réconciliation, L. +reconciliatio.] 1. The act of reconciling, or the state of being +reconciled; reconcilenment; restoration to harmony; renewal of +friendship. + + Reconciliation and friendship with God really form the basis of all + rational and true enjoyment. + + +S. Miller. + +2. Reduction to congruence or consistency; removal of inconsistency; +harmony. + + A clear and easy reconciliation of those seeming inconsistencies of + Scripture. + + +D. Rogers. + +Syn. -- Reconcilement; reunion; pacification; appeasement; +propitiation; atonement; expiation. + +Rec`on*cil"i*a*to*ry (-s?l"?*?*t?*r?), a. Serving or tending to +reconcile. Bp. Hall. + +Re*con`den*sa"tion (r?*k?n`d?n*s?"sh?n), n. The act or process of +recondensing. + +Re`con*dense" (r`kn*dns"), v. t. To condense again. + +Rec"on*dite (r?k"?n*d?t or r?*k?n"d?t; 277), a. [L. reconditus, p. p. +of recondere to put up again, to lay up, to conceal; pref. re- re- + +condere to bring or lay together. See Abscond.] 1. Hidden from the +mental or intellectual view; secret; abstruse; as, recondite causes of +things. + +2. Dealing in things abstruse; profound; searching; as, recondite +studies. "Recondite learning." Bp. Horsley. + +Re*con"di*to*ry (r?k?n"d?*t?*r?), n. [LL. reconditorium.] A repository; +a storehouse. [Obs.] Ash. + +Re`con*duct" (r`kn*dkt"), v. t. To conduct back or again. "A guide to +reconduct thy steps." Dryden. + +Re`con*firm" (-f?rm"), v. t. [Pref. re- + confirm: cf. F. reconfirmer.] +To confirm anew. Clarendon. + +Re`con*fort" (-f?rt"), v. t. [F. réconforter.] To recomfort; to +comfort. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Re`con*join" (r?`k?n*join"), v. t. To join or conjoin anew. Boyle. + +{ Re*con"nois*sance, Re*con"nais*sance } (r?- k?n"n?s-s?ns), n. [F. See +Recognizance.] The act of reconnoitering; preliminary examination or +survey. Specifically: (a) (Geol.) An examination or survey of a region +in reference to its general geological character. (b) (Engin.) An +examination of a region as to its general natural features, preparatory +to a more particular survey for the purposes of triangulation, or of +determining the location of a public work. (c) (Mil.) An examination of +a territory, or of an enemy's position, for the purpose of obtaining +information necessary for directing military operations; a preparatory +expedition. + +Reconnoissance in force (Mil.), a demonstration or attack by a large +force of troops for the purpose of discovering the position and +strength of an enemy. + +{ Rec`on*noi"ter, Rec`on*noi"tre } (r?k`?n*noi"t?r), v. t. [F. +reconnoitre, a former spelling of reconnaître. See Recognize.] 1. To +examine with the eye to make a preliminary examination or survey of; +esp., to survey with a view to military or engineering operations. + +2. To recognize. [Obs.] Sir H. Walpole. + +Re*con"quer (r?*k?n"k?r), v. t. [Pref. re- + conquer: cf. F. +reconquérir.] To conquer again; to recover by conquest; as, to +reconquer a revolted province. + +Re*con"quest (-kw?st), n. A second conquest. + +Re*con"se*crate (-k?n"s?*kr?t), v. t. To consecrate anew or again. + +Re*con`se*cra"tion, n. Renewed consecration. + +Re`con*sid"er (r?`k?n*s?d"?r), v. t. 1. To consider again; as, to +reconsider a subject. + +2. (Parliamentary Practice) To take up for renewed consideration, as a +motion or a vote which has been previously acted upon. + +Re`con*sid`er*a"tion (-?"sh?n), n. The act of reconsidering, or the +state of being reconsidered; as, the reconsideration of a vote in a +legislative body. + +Re*con"so*late (r?*k?n"s?*l?t), v. t. To console or comfort again. +[Obs.] Sir H. Wotton. + +Re`con*sol"i*date (r?`k?n*s?l"?*d?t), v. t. To consolidate anew or +again. + +Re`con*sol`i*da"tion (-d?"sh?n), n. The act or process of +reconsolidating; the state of being reconsolidated. + +Re`con*struct" (-str?kt"), v. t. To construct again; to rebuild; to +remodel; to form again or anew. + + Regiments had been dissolved and reconstructed. + + +Macaulay. + +Re`con*struc"tion (-str?k"sh?n), n. 1. The act of constructing again; +the state of being reconstructed. + +2. (U.S. Politics) The act or process of reorganizing the governments +of the States which had passed ordinances of secession, and of +reëstablishing their constitutional relations to the national +government, after the close of the Civil War. + +Re`con*struct"ive (-str?k"t?v), a. Reconstructing; tending to +reconstruct; as, a reconstructive policy. + +Re`con*tin"u*ance (-t?n"?*?ns), n. The act or state of recontinuing. + +Re`con*tin"ue (-?), v. t. & i. To continue anew. + +Re`con*vene" (r?`k?n*v?n"), v. t. & i. To convene or assemble again; to +call or come together again. + +Re`con*ven"tion (-v?n"sh?n), n. (Civil Law) A cross demand; an action +brought by the defendant against the plaintiff before the same judge. +Burrill. Bouvier. + +Re`con*ver"sion (-v?r"sh?n), n. A second conversion. + +Re`con*vert" (-v?rt"), v. t. To convert again. Milton. + +Re*con"vert (r?*k?n"v?rt), n. A person who has been reconverted. +Gladstone. + +Re`con*vert"i*ble (r?`k?n*v?rt"?*b'l), a. (Chem.) Capable of being +reconverted; convertible again to the original form or condition. + +Re`con*vey" (-v?"), v. t. 1. To convey back or to the former place; as, +to reconvey goods. + +2. To transfer back to a former owner; as, to reconvey an estate. + +Re`con*vey"ance (-v?"?ns), n. Act of reconveying. + +Re*cop"y (r?*k?p"?), v. t. To copy again. + +Re*cord" (r?*k?rd"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recorded; p. pr. & vb. n. +Recording.] [OE. recorden to repeat, remind, F. recorder, fr. L. +recordari to remember; pref. re- re- + cor, cordis, the heart or mind. +See Cordial, Heart.] 1. To recall to mind; to recollect; to remember; +to meditate. [Obs.] "I it you record." Chaucer. + +2. To repeat; to recite; to sing or play. [Obs.] + + They longed to see the day, to hear the lark Record her hymns, and + chant her carols blest. + + +Fairfax. + +3. To preserve the memory of, by committing to writing, to printing, to +inscription, or the like; to make note of; to write or enter in a book +or on parchment, for the purpose of preserving authentic evidence of; +to register; to enroll; as, to record the proceedings of a court; to +record historical events. + + Those things that are recorded of him . . . are written in the + chronicles of the kings. + + +1 Esd. i. 42. + +To record a deed, mortgage, lease, etc., to have a copy of the same +entered in the records of the office designated by law, for the +information of the public. + +Re*cord", v. i. 1. To reflect; to ponder. [Obs.] + + Praying all the way, and recording upon the words which he before + had read. + + +Fuller. + +2. To sing or repeat a tune. [Obs.] Shak. + + Whether the birds or she recorded best. + + +W. Browne. + +Rec"ord (rk"rd), n. [OF. recort, record, remembrance, attestation, +record. See Record, v. t.] 1. A writing by which some act or event, or +a number of acts or events, is recorded; a register; as, a record of +the acts of the Hebrew kings; a record of the variations of temperature +during a certain time; a family record. + +2. Especially: (a) An official contemporaneous writing by which the +acts of some public body, or public officer, are recorded; as, a record +of city ordinances; the records of the receiver of taxes. (b) An +authentic official copy of a document which has been entered in a book, +or deposited in the keeping of some officer designated by law. (c) An +official contemporaneous memorandum stating the proceedings of a court +of justice; a judicial record. (d) The various legal papers used in a +case, together with memoranda of the proceedings of the court; as, it +is not permissible to allege facts not in the record. + +3. Testimony; witness; attestation. + + John bare record, saying. + + +John i. 32. + +4. That which serves to perpetuate a knowledge of acts or events; a +monument; a memorial. + +5. That which has been, or might be, recorded; the known facts in the +course, progress, or duration of anything, as in the life of a public +man; as, a politician with a good or a bad record. + +<! p. 1201 !> + +6. That which has been publicly achieved in any kind of competitive +sport as recorded in some authoritative manner, as the time made by a +winning horse in a race. + +Court of record (pron. r&?;*k&?;rd" in Eng.), a court whose acts and +judicial proceedings are written on parchment or in books for a +perpetual memorial. -- Debt of record, a debt which appears to be due +by the evidence of a court of record, as upon a judgment or a +cognizance. -- Trial by record, a trial which is had when a matter of +record is pleaded, and the opposite party pleads that there is no such +record. In this case the trial is by inspection of the record itself, +no other evidence being admissible. Blackstone. -- To beat, or break, +the record (Sporting), to surpass any performance of like kind as +authoritatively recorded; as, to break the record in a walking match. + +Re*cord"ance (r?*k?rd"?ns), n. Remembrance. [Obs.] + +Rec`or*da"tion (r?k`?r*d?"sh?n), n. [L. recordatio: cf. F. recordation. +See Record, v. t.] Remembrance; recollection; also, a record. [Obs.] +Shak. + +Re*cord"er (r?*k?rd"?r), n. 1. One who records; specifically, a person +whose official duty it is to make a record of writings or transactions. + +2. The title of the chief judical officer of some cities and boroughs; +also, of the chief justice of an East Indian settlement. The Recorder +of London is judge of the Lord Mayor's Court, and one of the +commissioners of the Central Criminal Court. + +3. (Mus.) A kind of wind instrument resembling the flageolet. [Obs.] +"Flutes and soft recorders." Milton. + +Re*cord"er*ship, n. The office of a recorder. + +Re*cord"ing, a. Keeping a record or a register; as, a recording +secretary; -- applied to numerous instruments with an automatic +appliance which makes a record of their action; as, a recording gauge +or telegraph. + +Re`cor*por`i*fi*ca"tion (r?`k?r*p?r`?*f?*k?"sh?n), n. The act of +investing again with a body; the state of being furnished anew with a +body. [R.] Boyle. + +Re*couch" (r?*kouch"), v. i. [Pref. re- + couch: cf. F. recoucher.] To +retire again to a couch; to lie down again. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton. + +Re*count" (r*kount"), v. t. [Pref. re- + count.] To count or reckon +again. + +Re*count", n. A counting again, as of votes. + +Re*count" (r*kount"), v. t. [F. raconter to relate, to recount; pref. +re- again + &?; (L. ad.) + conter to relate. See Count, v.] To tell +over; to relate in detail; to recite; to tell or narrate the +particulars of; to rehearse; to enumerate; as, to recount one's +blessings. Dryden. + + To all his angels, who, with true applause, Recount his praises. + + +Milton. + +Re*count`ment (-ment), n. Recital. [Obs.] Shak. + +{ Re*coup", Re*coupe" } (-k??p"), v. t. [F. recouper; pref. re- re- + +couper to cut.] 1. (Law) To keep back rightfully (a part), as if by +cutting off, so as to diminish a sum due; to take off (a part) from +damages; to deduct; as, where a landlord recouped the rent of premises +from damages awarded to the plaintiff for eviction. + +2. To get an equivalent or compensation for; as, to recoup money lost +at the gaming table; to recoup one's losses in the share market. + +3. To reimburse; to indemnify; -- often used reflexively and in the +passive. + + Elizabeth had lost her venture; but if she was bold, she might + recoup herself at Philip's cost. + + +Froude. + + Industry is sometimes recouped for a small price by extensive + custom. + + +Duke of Argyll. + +Re*coup"er (r?*k??p"?r), n. One who recoups. Story. + +Re*coup"ment (-ment), n. The act of recouping. + +Recoupment applies to equities growing out of the very affair from +which thw principal demand arises, set-off to cross-demands which may +be independent in origin. Abbott. + +Re*course" (r?*k?rs"), n. [F. recours, L. recursus a running back, +return, fr. recurrere, recursum, to run back. See Recur.] 1. A coursing +back, or coursing again, along the line of a previous coursing; renewed +course; return; retreat; recurence. [Obs.] "Swift recourse of flushing +blood." Spenser. + + Unto my first I will have my recourse. + + +Chaucer. + + Preventive physic . . . preventeth sickness in the healthy, or the + recourse thereof in the valetudinary. + + +Sir T. Browne. + +2. Recurrence in difficulty, perplexity, need, or the like; access or +application for aid; resort. + + Thus died this great peer, in a time of great recourse unto him and + dependence upon him. + + +Sir H. Wotton. + + Our last recourse is therefore to our art. + + +Dryden. + +3. Access; admittance. [Obs.] + + Give me recourse to him. + + +Shak. + +Without recourse (Commerce), words sometimes added to the indorsement +of a negotiable instrument to protect the indorser from liability to +the indorsee and subsequent holders. It is a restricted indorsement. + +Re*course", v. i. 1. To return; to recur. [Obs.] + + The flame departing and recoursing. + + +Foxe. + +2. To have recourse; to resort. [Obs.] Bp. Hacket. + +Re*course"ful (-f?l), a. Having recurring flow and ebb; moving +alternately. [Obs.] Drayton. + +Re*cov"er (r?*k?v"?r), v. t. [Pref. re- + cover: cf. F. recouvrir.] To +cover again. Sir W. Scott. + +Re*cov"er (r?*k?v"?r), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recovered (-?rd); p. pr. & +vb. n. Recovering. ] [OE. recoveren, OF. recovrer, F. recouvrer, from +L. recuperare; pref. re- re + a word of unknown origin. Cf.Recuperate.] + +1. To get or obtain again; to get renewed possession of; to win back; +to regain. + + David recovered all that the Amalekites had carried away. + + +1. Sam. xxx. 18. + +2. To make good by reparation; to make up for; to retrieve; to repair +the loss or injury of; as, to recover lost time. "Loss of catel may +recovered be." Chaucer. + + Even good men have many failings and lapses to lament and recover. + + +Rogers. + +3. To restore from sickness, faintness, or the like; to bring back to +life or health; to cure; to heal. + + The wine in my bottle will recover him. + + +Shak. + +4. To overcome; to get the better of, -- as a state of mind or body. + + I do hope to recover my late hurt. + + +Cowley. + + When I had recovered a little my first surprise. + + +De Foe. + +5. To rescue; to deliver. + + That they may recover themselves out of the snare of the devil, who + are taken captive by him. + + +2. Tim. ii. 26. + +6. To gain by motion or effort; to obtain; to reach; to come to. +[Archaic] + + The forest is not three leagues off; If we recover that, we're sure + enough. + + +Shak. + + Except he could recover one of the Cities of Refuge he was to die. + + +Hales. + +7. (Law) To gain as a compensation; to obtain in return for injury or +debt; as, to recover damages in trespass; to recover debt and costs in +a suit at law; to obtain title to by judgement in a court of law; as, +to recover lands in ejectment or common recovery; to gain by legal +process; as, to recover judgement against a defendant. + +Recover arms (Mil. Drill), a command whereby the piece is brought from +the position of "aim" to that of "ready." + +Syn. -- To regain; repossess; resume; retrieve; recruit; heal; cure. + +Re*cov"er (r?*k?v"?r), v. i. 1. To regain health after sickness; to +grow well; to be restored or cured; hence, to regain a former state or +condition after misfortune, alarm, etc.; -- often followed by of or +from; as, to recover from a state of poverty; to recover from fright. + + Go, inquire of Baal-zebub, the god of Ekron, whether I shall + recover of this disease. + + +2 Kings i. 2. + +2. To make one's way; to come; to arrive. [Obs.] + + With much ado the Christians recovered to Antioch. + + +Fuller. + +3. (Law) To obtain a judgement; to succeed in a lawsuit; as, the +plaintiff has recovered in his suit. + +Re*cov"er, n. Recovery. Sir T. Malory. + +Re*cov"er*a*ble (-?*b'l), a. [Cf. F. recouvrable.] Capable of being +recovered or regained; capable of being brought back to a former +condition, as from sickness, misfortune, etc.; obtainable from a debtor +or possessor; as, the debt is recoverable; goods lost or sunk in the +ocean are not recoverable. + + A prodigal course Is like the sun's; but not, like his, + recoverable. + + +Shak. + + If I am recoverable, why am I thus? + + +Cowper. + +-- Re*cov"er*a*ble*ness, n. + +Re cov"er*ance (-ans), n. Recovery. [Obs.] + +Re*cov`er*ee" (-"), n. (Law) The person against whom a judgment is +obtained in common recovery. + +Re*cov"er*er (r?*k?v"?r*?r), n. One who recovers. + +Re*cov`er*or" (-?r), n. (Law) The demandant in a common recovery after +judgment. Wharton. + +Re*cov"er*y (r?*k?v"?r*?), n. 1. The act of recovering, regaining, or +retaking possession. + +2. Restoration from sickness, weakness, faintness, or the like; +restoration from a condition of mistortune, of fright, etc. + +3. (Law) The obtaining in a suit at law of a right to something by a +verdict and judgment of court. + +4. The getting, or gaining, of something not previously had. [Obs.] +"Help be past recovery." Tusser. + +5. In rowing, the act of regaining the proper position for making a new +stroke. + +Common recovery (Law), a species of common assurance or mode of +conveying lands by matter of record, through the forms of an action at +law, formerly in frequent use, but now abolished or obsolete, both in +England and America. Burrill. Warren. + +Rec"re*ance (r?k"r?*?ns), n. Recreancy. + +Rec"re*an*cy (-an*s?), n. The quality or state of being recreant. + +Rec"re*ant (-ant), a. [OF., cowardly, fr. recroire, recreire, to +forsake, leave, tire, discourage, regard as conquered, LL. recredere se +to declare one's self conquered in combat; hence, those are called +recrediti or recreanti who are considered infamous; L. pref. re- again, +back + credere to believe, to be of opinion; hence, originally, to +disavow one's opinion. See Creed.] 1. Crying for mercy, as a combatant +in the trial by battle; yielding; cowardly; mean-spirited; craven. +"This recreant knight." Spenser. + +2. Apostate; false; unfaithful. + + Who, for so many benefits received, Turned recreant to God, ingrate + and false. + + +Milton. + +Rec"re*ant, n. One who yields in combat, and begs for mercy; a +mean-spirited, cowardly wretch. Blackstone. + + You are all recreants and dastards! + + +Shak. + +Re`-cre*ate" (r?`kr?*?t"), v. t. [Pref. re- + create.] To create or +form anew. + + On opening the campaign of 1776, instead of reënforcing, it was + necessary to re-create, the army. + + +Marshall. + +Rec"re*ate (rk"r*t), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recreated (-`td); p. pr. & vb. +n. Recreating.] [L. recreatus, p. p. of recreate to create anew, to +refresh; pref. re- re- + creare to create. See Create.] To give fresh +life to; to reanimate; to revive; especially, to refresh after wearying +toil or anxiety; to relieve; to cheer; to divert; to amuse; to gratify. + + Painters, when they work on white grounds, place before them colors + mixed with blue and green, to recreate their eyes, white wearying . + . . the sight more than any. + + +Dryden. + + St. John, who recreated himself with sporting with a tame + partridge. + + +Jer. Taylor. + + These ripe fruits recreate the nostrils with their aromatic scent. + + +Dr. H. More. + +Rec"re*ate, v. i. To take recreation. L. Addison. + +Rec"re*a"tion (-?"sh?n), n. [F. récréation, L. recreatio.] The act of +recreating, or the state of being recreated; refreshment of the +strength and spirits after toil; amusement; diversion; sport; pastime. + +Re`-cre*a"tion (r?`kr?*?sh?n), n. [See Re-create.] A forming anew; a +new creation or formation. + +Re`-cre*a"tive (-?`t?v), a. Creating anew; as, re-creative power. + +Rec"re*a`tive (r?k"r?*?`t?v), a. [Cf. F. récréatif. See Recreate.] +Tending to recreate or refresh; recreating; giving new vigor or +animation; reinvigorating; giving relief after labor or pain; amusing; +diverting. + + Let the music of them be recreative. + + +Bacon. + +--- Rec"re*a`tive*ly, adv. -- Rec"re*a`tive*ness, n. + +Rec"re*ment (r?k"r?*ment), n. [L. recrementum; pref. re- re- + cernere, +cretum, to separate, sift: cf. F. récrément.] 1. Superfluous matter +separated from that which is useful; dross; scoria; as, the recrement +of ore. + +2. (Med.) (a) Excrement. [Obs.] (a) A substance secreted from the blood +and again absorbed by it. + +Rec`re*men"tal (-m?n"tal), a. Recrementitious. + +Rec`re*men*ti"tial (-m?n*t?sh"al), a. [Cf. F. récrémentitiel.] (Med.) +Of the nature of a recrement. See Recrement, 2 (b). "Recrementitial +fluids." Dunglison. + +Rec`re*men*ti"tious (-t?sh"?s), a. Of or pertaining to recrement; +consisting of recrement or dross. Boyle. + +Re*crim"i*nate (r?*kr?m"?*n?t), v. i. [Pref. re- + criminate: cf. F. +récriminer, LL. recriminare.] To return one charge or accusation with +another; to charge back fault or crime upon an accuser. + + It is not my business to recriminate, hoping sufficiently to clear + myself in this matter. + + +Bp. Stillingfleet. + +Re*crim"i*nate, v. t. To accuse in return. South. + +Re*crim`i*na"tion (-n?"sh?n), n. [F. récrimination, LL. recriminatio.] +The act of recriminating; an accusation brought by the accused against +the accuser; a counter accusation. + + Accusations and recriminations passed backward and forward between + the contending parties. + + +Macaulay. + +Re*crim"i*na*tive (-n?*t?v), a. Recriminatory. + +Re*crim"i*na`tor (-n?`t?r), n. One who recriminates. + +Re*crim"i*na*to*ry (-n?*t?*r?), a. [Cf. F. récriminatoire.] Having the +quality of recrimination; retorting accusation; recriminating. + +Re*cross" (r?*kr?s";115), v. t. To cross a second time. + +Re*cru"den*cy (r*kr"den*s), n. Recrudescence. + +{ Re`cru*des"cence (r?`kr?*d?s"sens), Re`cru*des`cen*cy (-d?s"sen*s?), +} n. [Cf. F. recrudescence.] + +1. The state or condition of being recrudescent. + + A recrudescence of barbarism may condemn it [land] to chronic + poverty and waste. + + +Duke of Argyll. + +2. (Med.) Increased severity of a disease after temporary remission. +Dunglison. + +Re`cru*des"cent (-sent), a. [L. recrudescens, -entis, p. pr. of +recrudescere to become raw again; pref. re- re- + crudescere to become +hard or raw: cf. F. recrudescent.] 1. Growing raw, sore, or painful +again. + +2. Breaking out again after temporary abatement or supression; as, a +recrudescent epidemic. + +Re*cruit" (r?*kr?t"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recruited; p. pr. & vb. n. +Recruiting.] [F. recruter, corrupted (under influence of recrue +recruiting, recruit, from recroî/tre, p. p. recrû, to grow again) from +an older recluter, properly, to patch, to mend (a garment); pref. re- + +OF. clut piece, piece of cloth; cf. Icel. kltr kerchief, E. clout.] 1. +To repair by fresh supplies, as anything wasted; to remedy lack or +deficiency in; as, food recruits the flesh; fresh air and exercise +recruit the spirits. + + Her cheeks glow the brighter, recruiting their color. + + +Glanvill. + +2. Hence, to restore the wasted vigor of; to renew in strength or +health; to reinvigorate. + +3. To supply with new men, as an army; to fill up or make up by +enlistment; as, he recruited two regiments; the army was recruited for +a campaign; also, to muster; to enlist; as, he recruited fifty men. M. +Arnold. + +Re*cruit", v. i. 1. To gain new supplies of anything wasted; to gain +health, flesh, spirits, or the like; to recuperate; as, lean cattle +recruit in fresh pastures. + +2. To gain new supplies of men for military or other service; to raise +or enlist new soldiers; to enlist troops. + +Re*cruit", n. 1. A supply of anything wasted or exhausted; a +reënforcement. + + The state is to have recruits to its strength, and remedies to its + distempers. + + +Burke. + +2. Specifically, a man enlisted for service in the army; a newly +enlisted soldier. + +Re*cruit"er, n. One who, or that which, recruits. + +Re*cruit"ment (-ment), n. The act or process of recruiting; especially, +the enlistment of men for an army. + +Re*crys`tal*li*za"tion (r*krs`tal*l*z"shn), n. (Chem. & Min.) The +process or recrystallizing. + +Re*crys"tal*lize (r*krs"tal*lz), v. i. & t. (Chem. & Min.) To +crystallize again. Henry. + +Rec"tal (r?k"tal), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the rectum; in the +region of the rectum. + +Rec"tan`gle (r?k"t??`g'l), n. [F., fr. L. rectus right + angulus angle. +See Right, and Angle.] (Geom.) A four-sided figure having only right +angles; a right-angled parallelogram. + +As the area of a rectangle is expressed by the product of its two +dimensions, the term rectangle is sometimes used for product; as, the +rectangle of a and b, that is, ab. + +Rec"tan`gle, a. Rectangular. [R.] + +Rec"tan`gled (-g'ld), a. Rectangular. Hutton. + +Rec*tan"gu*lar (r?k*t?n"g?*l?r), a. [CF. F. rectangulaire.] +Right-angled; having one or more angles of ninety degrees. -- +Rec*tan"gu*lar*ly (r&?;k*t&?;n"g&?;*l&?;r*l&?;), adv. -- +Rec*tan"gu*lar*ness, n. + +Rec*tan`gu*lar"i*ty (-l?r"?*t?), n. The quality or condition of being +rectangular, or right- angled. + +Rec"ti- (r?k"t?*). [L. rectus straight.] A combining form signifying +straight; as, rectilineal, having straight lines; rectinerved. + +Rec"ti*fi`a*ble (r?k"t?*f?`?*b'l), a. 1. Capable of being rectified; +as, a rectifiable mistake. + +<! p. 1202 !> + +2. (Math.) Admitting, as a curve, of the construction of a straight +l&?;&?;e equal in length to any definite portion of the curve. + +Rec`ti*fi*ca"tion (r?k`t?*f?*k?1sh?n), n. [Cf. F. rectification.] 1. +The act or operation of rectifying; as, the rectification of an error; +the rectification of spirits. + + After the rectification of his views, he was incapable of + compromise with profounder shapes of error. + + +De Quincey. + +2. (Geom.) The determination of a straight line whose length is equal a +portion of a curve. + +Rectification of a globe (Astron.), its adjustment preparatory to the +solution of a proposed problem. + +Rec"ti*fi*ca`tor (r?k"t?*f?*k?`t?r), n. (Chem.) That which rectifies or +refines; esp., a part of a distilling apparatus in which the more +volatile portions are separated from the less volatile by the process +of evaporation and condensation; a rectifier. + +Rec"ti*fi`er (r?k"t?*f?`?r), n. 1. One who, or that which, rectifies. + +2. Specifically: (a) (Naut.) An instrument used for determining and +rectifying the variations of the compass on board ship. (b) (Chem.) A +rectificator. + +Rec"ti*fy (-f?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rectified (-f?d); p. pr. & vb. n. +Rectifying (-f?`?ng).] [F. rectifier, LL. rectificare; L. rectus right ++ -ficare (in comp.) to make. See Right, and -fy.] 1. To make or set +right; to correct from a wrong, erroneous, or false state; to amend; +as, to rectify errors, mistakes, or abuses; to rectify the will, the +judgment, opinions; to rectify disorders. + + I meant to rectify my conscience. + + +Shak. + + This was an error of opinion which a conflicting opinion would have + rectified. + + +Burke. + +2. (Chem.) To refine or purify by repeated distillation or sublimation, +by which the fine parts of a substance are separated from the grosser; +as, to rectify spirit of wine. + +3. (Com.) To produce ( as factitious gin or brandy) by redistilling low +wines or ardent spirits (whisky, rum, etc.), flavoring substances, +etc., being added. + +To rectify a globe, to adjust it in order to prepare for the solution +of a proposed problem. + +Syn. -- To amend; emend; correct; better; mend; reform; redress; +adjust; regulate; improve. See Amend. + +{ Rec`ti*lin"e*al (-l?n"?*al), Rec`ti*lin"e*ar (-l?n"?*?r), } a. +[Recti- + lineal, linear.] Straight; consisting of a straight line or +lines; bounded by straight lines; as, a rectineal angle; a rectilinear +figure or course. -- Rec`ti*lin"e*al*ly, adv. -- Rec`ti*lin"e*ar*ly, +adv. + +Rec`ti*lin`e*ar"i*ty (-?r"?*t?), n. The quality or state of being +rectilinear. Coleridge. + +Rec`ti*lin"e*ous (-?s), a. Rectilinear. [Obs.] Ray. + +Rec"ti*nerved` (r?k"t?*n?rrvd`), a. [Recti- + nerve.] (Bot.) Having the +veins or nerves straight; -- said of leaves. + +Rec"tion (r?k"sh?n), n. [L. rectio, fr. regere to rule or govern.] +(Gram.) See Government, n., 7. Gibbs. + +Rec`ti*ros"tral (r?k`t?*r?s"tral), a. [Recti- + rostral.] (Zoöl.) +Having a straight beak. + +Rec`ti*se"ri*al (-s?"r?*al), a. [Recti- + serial.] (Bot.) Arranged in +exactly vertical ranks, as the leaves on stems of many kinds; -- +opposed to curviserial. + +||Rec*ti"tis (r?k*t?"t?s), n. [NL. See Rectum, and -itis.] (Med.) +||Proctitis. Dunglison. + +Rec"ti*tude (r?k"t?*t?d), n. [L. rectitudo, fr. rectus right, straight: +cf. F. rectitude. See Right.] 1. Straightness. [R.] Johnson. + +2. Rightness of principle or practice; exact conformity to truth, or to +the rules prescribed for moral conduct, either by divine or human laws; +uprightness of mind; uprightness; integrity; honesty; justice. + +3. Right judgment. [R.] Sir G. C. Lewis. + +Syn. -- See Justice. + +Rec"to- (r?k"t?*). A combining form indicating connection with, or +relation to, the rectum; as, recto-vesical. + +Rec"to, n. [Abbrev. fr. LL. breve de recto. See Right.] (Law) A writ of +right. + +Rec"to, n. [Cf. F. recto.] (Print.) The right-hand page; -- opposed to +verso. + +Rec"tor (r?k"t?r), n. [L., fr. regere, rectum, to lead straight, to +rule: cf. F. recteur. See Regiment, Right.] + +1. A ruler or governor. [R.] + + God is the supreme rector of the world. + + +Sir M. Hale. + +2. (a) (Ch. of Eng.) A clergyman who has the charge and cure of a +parish, and has the tithes, etc.; the clergyman of a parish where the +tithes are not impropriate. See the Note under Vicar. Blackstone. (b) +(Prot. Epis. Ch.) A clergyman in charge of a parish. + +3. The head master of a public school. [Scot.] + +4. The chief elective officer of some universities, as in France and +Scotland; sometimes, the head of a college; as, the Rector of Exeter +College, or of Lincoln College, at Oxford. + +5. (R.C.CH.) The superior officer or chief of a convent or religious +house; and among the Jesuits the superior of a house that is a seminary +or college. + +Rec"tor*al (-al), a. [CF. F. rectoral.] Pertaining to a rector or +governor. + +Rec"tor*ate (-?t), n. [LL. rectoratus: cf. F. rectorat.] The office, +rank, or station of a rector; rectorship. + +Rec"tor*ess, n. 1. A governess; a rectrix. Drayton. + +2. The wife of a rector. Thackeray. + +Rec*to"ri*al (r?k*t?"r?*al), a. Pertaining to a rector or a rectory; +rectoral. Shipley. + +Rec"tor*ship (r?k"t?r*sh?p), n. 1. Government; guidance. [Obs.] "The +rectorship of judgment." Shak. + +2. The office or rank of a rector; rectorate. + +Rec"to*ry (-t?*r?), n.; pl. Rectories (-r&?;z). [Cf. OF. rectorie or +rectorerie, LL. rectoria.] 1. The province of a rector; a parish +church, parsonage, or spiritual living, with all its rights, tithes, +and glebes. + +2. A rector's mansion; a parsonage house. + +Rec`to-u"ter*ine (-?"t?r*?n or *?n), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to +both the rectum and the uterus. + +Rec`to*vag"i*nal (r?k`t?*v?j"?*nal), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to +both the rectum and the vagina. + +Rec`to-ves"i*cal (-v?s"?*kal), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to both the +rectum and the bladder. + +Rec"tress (r?k"tr?s), n. A rectoress. B. Jonson. + +||Rec"trix (-tr?ks), n.; pl. Rectrices (-tr&?;"s&?;z). [L., fem. of +||rector.] 1. A governess; a rectoress. + +2. (Zoöl.) One of the quill feathers of the tail of a bird. + +Rec"tum (-t?m), n. [NL. (sc. intestinum), fr. L. rectus straight. See +Right.] (Anat.) The terminal part of the large intestine; -- so named +because supposed by the old anatomists to be straight. See Illust. +under Digestive. + +||Rec"tus (-t?s), n.; pl. Recti (-t&?;). [NL., fr. L. regere to keep +||straight.] (Anat.) A straight muscle; as, the recti of the eye. + +Rec`u*ba"tion (r?k`?*b?"sh?n), n. [L. recubare to lie upon the back.] +Recumbence. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. + +Re*cule" (r?*k?l"), v. i. To recoil. [Obs.] Spenser. + +{ Re*cule" (r?*k?l"), Re*cule"ment (- ment), } n. [F. reculement.] +Recoil. [Obs.] + +Re*cumb" (-k?m"), v. i. [L. recumbere; pref. re- back + cumbere (in +comp.), akin to cubare to lie down.] To lean; to recline; to repose. +[Obs.] J. Allen (1761). + +Re*cum"bence (r?*k?m"bens), n. The act of leaning, resting, or +reclining; the state of being recumbent. + +Re*cum"ben*cy (-ben*s?), n. Recumbence. + +Re*cum"bent (-bet), a. [L. recumbens, -entis, p. pr. of recumbere. See +Recumb, Incumbent.] Leaning; reclining; lying; as, the recumbent +posture of the Romans at their meals. Hence, figuratively; Resting; +inactive; idle. -- Re*cum"bent*ly, adv. + +Re*cu"per*a*ble (r?*k?"p?r*?*b'l), a. [Cf.F. récup&?;rable. See +Recover.] Recoverable. Sir T. Elyot. + +Re*cu"per*ate (-?t), v. i. [imp. &. p. p. Recuperated (-?`t?d); p. pr. +& vb. n. Recuperating.] [L. recuperatus, p. p. of recuperare. See +Recover to get again.] To recover health; to regain strength; to +convalesce. + +Re*cu"per*ate, v. t. To recover; to regain; as, to recuperate the +health or strength. + +Re*cu`per*a"tion (-?`sh?n), n.. [L. recuperatio: cf. F. +récup&?;ration.] Recovery, as of anything lost, especially of the +health or strength. + +{ Re*cu"per*a*tive (-?*t?v), Re*cu"per*a*to*ry (- ?*t?*r?), } a. [L. +recuperativus, recuperatorius.] Of or pertaining to recuperation; +tending to recovery. + +Re*cu"per*a`tor (r?*k?"pp?r*?`t?r), n. [Cf. L. recuperator a +recoverer.] (Steel Manuf.) Same as Regenerator. + +Re*cur" (r?*k?r"), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Recurred (-k?rd"); p. pr. & vb. +n. Recurring.] [L. recurrere; pref. re- re- + currere to run. See +Current.] 1. To come back; to return again or repeatedly; to come again +to mind. + + When any word has been used to signify an idea, the old idea will + recur in the mind when the word is heard. + + +I. Watts. + +2. To occur at a stated interval, or according to some regular rule; +as, the fever will recur to- night. + +3. To resort; to have recourse; to go for help. + + If, to avoid succession in eternal existence, they recur to the + "punctum stans" of the schools, they will thereby very little help + us to a more positive idea of infinite duration. + + +Locke. + +Recurring decimal (Math.), a circulating decimal. See under Decimal. -- +Recurring series (Math.), an algebraic series in which the coefficients +of the several terms can be expressed by means of certain preceding +coefficients and constants in one uniform manner. + +Re*cure" (r?*k?r"), v. t. [Cf. Recover.] 1. To arrive at; to reach; to +attain. [Obs.] Lydgate. + +2. To recover; to regain; to repossess. [Obs.] + + When their powers, impaired through labor long, With due repast, + they had recured well. + + +Spenser. + +3. To restore, as from weariness, sickness; or the like; to repair. + + In western waves his weary wagon did recure. + + +Spenser. + +4. To be a cure for; to remedy. [Obs.] + + No medicine Might avail his sickness to recure. + + +Lydgate. + +Re*cure", n. Cure; remedy; recovery. [Obs.] + + But whom he hite, without recure he dies. + + +Fairfax. + +Re*cure"less, a. Incapable of cure. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. + +{ Re*cur"rence (r?*k?r"rens), Re*cur"ren*cy (-ren*s?), } n. [Cf. F. +récurrence.] The act of recurring, or state of being recurrent; return; +resort; recourse. + + I shall insensibly go on from a rare to a frequent recurrence to + the dangerous preparations. + + +I. Taylor. + +Re*cur"rent (-rent), a. [L. recurrens, -entis, p. pr. of recurrere: +cf.F. récurrent. See Recur.] 1. Returning from time to time; recurring; +as, recurrent pains. + +2. (Anat.) Running back toward its origin; as, a recurrent nerve or +artery. + +Recurrent fever. (Med.) See Relapsing fever, under Relapsing. -- +Recurrent pulse (Physiol.), the pulse beat which appears (when the +radial artery is compressed at the wrist) on the distal side of the +point of pressure through the arteries of the palm of the hand. -- +Recurrent sensibility (Physiol.), the sensibility manifested by the +anterior, or motor, roots of the spinal cord (their stimulation causing +pain) owing to the presence of sensory fibers from the corresponding +sensory or posterior roots. + +Re*cur"sant (r?*k?r"sant), a. [L. recursans, -antis, p. pr. of +recursare to run back, v. freq. of recurrere. See Recure.] (Her.) +Displayed with the back toward the spectator; -- said especially of an +eagle. + +Re*cur"sion (-sh?n), n. [L. recursio. See Recur.] The act of recurring; +return. [Obs.] Boyle. + +Re*cur"vate (r?*k?r"v?t), a. [L. recurvatus, p. p. of recurvare. See +Re-, and Curvate.] (Bot.) Recurved. + +Re*cur"vate (-v?t), v. t. To bend or curve back; to recurve. Pennant. + +Re`cur*va"tion (r?`k?r*v?"sh?n), n. The act of recurving, or the state +of being recurved; a bending or flexure backward. + +Re*curve" (r?*k?rv"), v. t. To curve in an opposite or unusual +direction; to bend back or down. + +Re*curved" (r?*k?rvd"), a. Curved in an opposite or uncommon direction; +bent back; as, a bird with a recurved bill; flowers with recurved +petals. + +Re*cur`vi*ros"ter (r?*k?r`v?*r?s"t?r), n. [L. recurvus bent back + +rostrum beack; cf. F. récurvirostre.] (Zool.) A bird whose beak bends +upward, as the avocet. + +Re*cur`vi*ros"tral (-tral), a. [See Recurviroster.] (Zoöl.) Having the +beak bent upwards. + +Re*cur"vi*ty (r?*k?r"v?*t?), n. Recurvation. + +Re*cur"vous (-v?s), a. [L. recurvus; pref. re- re + curvus curved.] +Recurved. Derham. + +Re*cu"san*cy (r?*k?"zan*s? or r?k"?-), n. The state of being recusant; +nonconformity. Coke. + +Re*cu"sant (-zat; 277), a.[L. recusans, -antis, p. pr. of recure to +refuse, to oject to; pref. re- re + causa a cause, pretext: cf. F. +récusant. See Cause, and cf. Ruse.] Obstinate in refusal; specifically, +in English history, refusing to acknowledge the supremacy of the king +in the churc, or to conform to the established rites of the church; as, +a recusant lord. + + It stated him to have placed his son in the household of the + Countess of Derby, a recusant papist. + + +Sir W. Scott. + +Re*cu"sant, n. 1. One who is obstinate in refusal; one standing out +stubbornly against general practice or opinion. + + The last rebellious recusants among the European family of nations. + + +De Quincey. + +2. (Eng. Hist.) A person who refuses to acknowledge the supremacy of +the king in matters of religion; as, a Roman Catholic recusant, who +acknowledges the supremacy of the pope. Brande & C. + +3. One who refuses communion with the Church of England; a +nonconformist. + + All that are recusants of holy rites. + + +Holyday. + +Rec`u*sa"tion (r?k`?*z?"sh?n), n. [L. recusatio: cf. F. récusation.] 1. +Refusal. [Obs.] + +2. (Old Law) The act of refusing a judge or challenging that he shall +not try the cause, on account of his supposed partiality. Blackstone. + +Re*cu"sa*tive (r?*k?"z?*t?v), a. Refusing; denying; negative. [R.] Jer. +Taylor. + +Re*cuse" (r?*k?z"), v. t. [F. récuser, or L. recusare. See Recusant.] +(Law) To refuse or reject, as a judge; to challenge that the judge +shall not try the cause. [Obs.] Sir K. Digby. + +Re*cus"sion (r?*k?sh"?n), n. [L. recutire, recussum, to beat back; +pref. re- re- + quatere to shake.] The act of beating or striking back. + +Red (rd), obs. . imp. & p. p. of Read. Spenser. + +Red, v. t. To put on order; to make tidy; also, to free from +entanglement or embarrassement; -- generally with up; as, to red up a +house. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] + +Red, a. [Compar. Redder (-d?r); superl. Reddest.] [OE. red, reed, AS. +reád, reód; akin to OS. rd, OFries. rd, D. rood, G. roht, rot, OHG. rt, +Dan. & Sw. röd, Icel. rauðr, rjðr, Goth. ráuds, W. rhudd, Armor. ruz, +Ir. & Gael. ruadh, L. ruber, rufus, Gr. 'eryqro`s, Skr. rudhira, +rohita; cf. L. rutilus. √113. Cf. Erysipelas, Rouge, Rubric, +Ruby, Ruddy, Russet, Rust.] Of the color of blood, or of a tint +resembling that color; of the hue of that part of the rainbow, or of +the solar spectrum, which is furthest from the violet part. "Fresh +flowers, white and reede." Chaucer. + + Your color, I warrant you, is as red as any rose. + + +Shak. + +Red is a general term, including many different shades or hues, as +scarlet, crimson, vermilion, orange red, and the like. + +Red is often used in the formation of self-explaining compounds; as, +red-breasted, red-cheeked, red- faced, red-haired, red-headed, +red-skinned, red-tailed, red-topped, red-whiskered, red-coasted. + +Red admiral (Zoöl.), a beautiful butterfly (Vanessa Atalanta) common in +both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a broad orange +red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also Atalanta butterfly, +and nettle butterfly. -- Red ant. (Zoöl.) (a) A very small ant (Myrmica +molesta) which often infests houses. (b) A larger reddish ant (Formica +sanguinea), native of Europe and America. It is one of the slave-making +species. -- Red antimony (Min.), kermesite. See Kermes mineral (b), +under Kermes. -- Red ash (Bot.), an American tree (Fraxinus pubescens), +smaller than the white ash, and less valuable for timber. Cray. -- Red +bass. (Zoöl.) See Redfish (d). - - Red bay (Bot.), a tree (Persea +Caroliniensis) having the heartwood red, found in swamps in the +Southern United States. -- Red beard (Zoöl.), a bright red sponge +(Microciona prolifera), common on oyster shells and stones. [Local, +U.S.] -- Red birch (Bot.), a species of birch (Betula nigra) having +reddish brown bark, and compact, light- colored wood. Gray. -- Red +blindness. (Med.) See Daltonism. -- Red book, a book containing the +names of all the persons in the service of the state. [Eng.] -- Red +book of the Exchequer, an ancient record in which are registered the +names of all that held lands per baroniam in the time of Henry II. +Brande & C. -- Red brass, an alloy containing eight parts of copper and +three of zinc. -- Red bug. (Zoöl.) (a) A very small mite which in +Florida attacks man, and produces great irritation by its bites. (b) A +red hemipterous insect of the genus Pyrrhocoris, especially the +European species (P. apterus), which is bright scarlet and lives in +clusters on tree trunks. (c) See Cotton stainder, under Cotton. -- Red +cedar. (Bot.) An evergreen North American tree (Juniperus Virginiana) +having a fragrant red-colored heartwood. (b) A tree of India and +Australia (Cedrela Toona) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also +toon tree in India. <! p. 1203 !> -- Red chalk. See under Chalk. -- Red +copper (Min.), red oxide of copper; cuprite. -- Red coral (Zoöl.), the +precious coral (Corallium rubrum). See Illusts. of Coral and +Gorgonlacea. -- Red cross. The cross of St. George, the national emblem +of the English. (b) The Geneva cross. See Geneva convention, and Geneva +cross, under Geneva. -- Red currant. (Bot.) See Currant. -- Red deer. +(Zoöl.) (a) The common stag (Cervus elaphus), native of the forests of +the temperate parts of Europe and Asia. It is very similar to the +American elk, or wapiti. (b) The Virginia deer. See Deer. -- Red duck +(Zoöl.), a European reddish brown duck (Fuligula nyroca); -- called +also ferruginous duck. -- Red ebony. (Bot.) See Grenadillo. -- Red +empress (Zoöl.), a butterfly. See Tortoise shell. -- Red fir (Bot.), a +coniferous tree (Pseudotsuga Douglasii) found from British Columbia to +Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes +given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American +Abies magnifica and A. nobilis. -- Red fire. (Pyrotech.) See Blue fire, +under Fire. -- Red flag. See under Flag. -- Red fox (Zoöl.), the common +American fox (Vulpes fulvus), which is usually reddish in color. -- Red +grouse (Zoöl.), the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See under Ptarmigan. +-- Red gum, or Red gum-tree (Bot.), a name given to eight Australian +species of Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus amygdalina, resinifera, etc.) which +yield a reddish gum resin. See Eucalyptus. -- Red hand (Her.), a left +hand appaumé, fingers erect, borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of +a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called +also Badge of Ulster. -- Red herring, the common herring dried and +smoked. -- Red horse. (Zoöl.) (a) Any large American red fresh-water +sucker, especially Moxostoma macrolepidotum and allied species. (b) See +the Note under Drumfish. -- Red lead. (Chem) See under Lead, and +Minium. -- Red-lead ore. (Min.) Same as Crocoite. -- Red liquor +(Dyeing), a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used +as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so +called because used originally for red dyestuffs. Called also red +mordant. -- Red maggot (Zoöl.), the larva of the wheat midge. -- Red +manganese. (Min.) Same as Rhodochrosite. -- Red man, one of the +American Indians; -- so called from his color. -- Red maple (Bot.), a +species of maple (Acer rubrum). See Maple. -- Red mite. (Zoöl.) See Red +spider, below. -- Red mulberry (Bot.), an American mulberry of a dark +purple color (Morus rubra). -- Red mullet (Zoöl.), the surmullet. See +Mullet. -- Red ocher (Min.), a soft earthy variety of hematite, of a +reddish color. -- Red perch (Zoöl.), the rosefish. -- Red phosphorus. +(Chem.) See under Phosphorus. -- Red pine (Bot.), an American species +of pine (Pinus resinosa); -- so named from its reddish bark. -- Red +precipitate. See under Precipitate. -- Red Republican (European +Politics), originally, one who maintained extreme republican doctrines +in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an +extreme radical in social reform. [Cant] -- Red ribbon, the ribbon of +the Order of the Bath in England. -- Red sanders. (Bot.) See Sanders. +-- Red sandstone. (Geol.) See under Sandstone. -- Red scale (Zoöl.), a +scale insect (Aspidiotus aurantii) very injurious to the orange tree in +California and Australia. -- Red silver (Min.), an ore of silver, of a +ruby-red or reddish black color. It includes proustite, or light red +silver, and pyrargyrite, or dark red silver. -- Red snapper (Zoöl.), a +large fish (Lutlanus aya or Blackfordii) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico +and about the Florida reefs. -- Red snow, snow colored by a mocroscopic +unicellular alga (Protococcus nivalis) which produces large patches of +scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions. -- Red softening +(Med.) a form of cerebral softening in which the affected parts are +red, -- a condition due either to infarction or inflammation. -- Red +spider (Zoöl.), a very small web-spinning mite (Tetranychus telarius) +which infests, and often destroys, plants of various kinds, especially +those cultivated in houses and conservatories. It feeds mostly on the +under side of the leaves, and causes them to turn yellow and die. The +adult insects are usually pale red. Called also red mite. -- Red +squirrel (Zoöl.), the chickaree. -- Red tape, the tape used in public +offices for tying up documents, etc.; hence, official formality and +delay. -- Red underwing (Zoöl.), any species of noctuid moths belonging +to Catacola and allied genera. The numerous species are mostly large +and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly banded with bright +red or orange. -- Red water, a disease in cattle, so called from an +appearance like blood in the urine. + +Red (r?d), n. 1. The color of blood, or of that part of the spectrum +farthest from violet, or a tint resembling these. "Celestial rosy red, +love's proper hue." Milton. + +2. A red pigment. + +3. (European Politics) An abbreviation for Red Republican. See under +Red, a. [Cant] + +4. pl. (Med.) The menses. Dunglison. + +English red, a pigment prepared by the Dutch, similar to Indian red. -- +Hypericum red, a red resinous dyestuff extracted from Hypericum. -- +Indian red. See under Indian, and Almagra. + +Re*dact" (r?*d?kt"), v. t. [L. redactus, p. p. of redigere; pref. red-, +re- , again, back + agere to put in motion, to drive.] To reduce to +form, as literary matter; to digest and put in shape (matter for +publication); to edit. + +||Ré`dac`teur" (r`dk`tr"), n. [F.] See Redactor. + +Re*dac"tion (r?*d?k"sh?n), n. [F. rédaction.] The act of redacting; +work produced by redacting; a digest. + +Re*dac"tor (-t?r), n. One who redacts; one who prepares matter for +publication; an editor. Carlyle. + +Re*dan" (r?*d?n"), n. [F., for OF. redent a double notching or jagging, +as in the teeth of a saw, fr. L. pref. re- re- + dens, dentis, a tooth. +Cf. Redented.] [Written sometimes redent and redens.] 1. (Fort.) A work +having two parapets whose faces unite so as to form a salient angle +toward the enemy. + +2. A step or vertical offset in a wall on uneven ground, to keep the +parts level. + +Red*ar"gue (r?d*?r"g?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Redargued (-g?d); p. pr. & +vb. n. Redarguing.] [L. redarguere; pref. red-, re- re- + arguere to +accuse, charge with: cf. F. rédarguer.] To disprove; to refute; +toconfute; to reprove; to convict. [Archaic] + + How shall I . . . suffer that God should redargue me at doomsday, + and the angels reproach my lukewarmness? + + +Jer. Taylor. + + Now this objection to the immediate cognition of external objects + has, as far as I know, been redargued in three different ways. + + +Sir W. Hamilton. + +Red`ar*gu"tion (r?d`?r*g?"sh?n), n. [L. redargutio.] The act of +redarguing; refutation. [Obs. or R.] Bacon. + +Red`ar*gu"to*ry (-t?*r?), a. Pertaining to, or containing, redargution; +refutatory. [R.] + +Red"back` (r?d"b?k`), n. (Zoöl.) The dunlin. [U. S.] + +Red"bel`ly (-b?l`l?), n. (Zoöl.) The char. + +Red"bird` (-b?rd`), n. (Zoöl.) (a) The cardinal bird. (b) The summer +redbird (Piranga rubra). (c) The scarlet tanager. See Tanager. + +Red"breast` (-br?st`), n. 1. (Zoöl.) (a) The European robin. (b) The +American robin. See Robin. (c) The knot, or red-breasted snipe; -- +called also robin breast, and robin snipe. See Knot. + +2. (Zoöl.) The long-eared pondfish. See Pondfish. + +Red"bud` (-b?d`), n. (Bot.) A small ornamental leguminous tree of the +American species of the genus Cercis. See Judas tree, under Judas. + +Red"cap`, n. 1. (Zoöl) The European goldfinch. + +2. A specter having long teeth, popularly supposed to haunt old castles +in Scotland. [Scot.] Jamieson. + +Red"coat` (-kt`), n. One who wears a red coat; specifically, a +red-coated British soldier. + +Red"de (-de), obs. imp. of Read, or Rede. Chaucer. + +Red"den (r?d"d'n), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reddened (-d'nd); p. pr. & vb. +n. Reddening.] [From Red, a.] To make red or somewhat red; to give a +red color to. + +Red"den, v. i. To grow or become red; to blush. + + Appius reddens at each word you speak. + + +Pope. + + He no sooner saw that her eye glistened and her cheek reddened than + his obstinacy was at once subbued. + + +Sir W. SCott. + +||Red*den"dum (r?d*d?n"d?m), n. [Neut. of L. reddendus that must be +||given back or yielded, gerundive of reddere. See Reddition.] (Law) A +||clause in a deed by which some new thing is reserved out of what had +||been granted before; the clause by which rent is reserved in a lease. +||Cruise. + +Red"dish (r?d"d?sh), a. Somewhat red; moderately red. -- Red"dish*ness, +n. + +Red*di"tion (r?d*d?sh"?n), n.[L. redditio, fr. reddere to give back, to +return: cf. F. reddition. See Render.] + +1. Restoration: restitution: surrender. Howell. + +2. Explanation; representation. [R.] + + The reddition or application of the comparison. + + +Chapman. + +Red"di**tive (r?d"d?*t?v), a. [L. redditivus.] (Gram.) Answering to an +interrogative or inquiry; conveying a reply; as, redditive words. + +Red"dle (r?d"d'l), n. [From Red; cf. G. r&?;thel. Cf. Ruddle.] (Min.) +Red chalk. See under Chalk. + +Red"dour (r?d"d?r), n. [F. raideur, fr. raide stiff.] Rigor; violence. +[Obs.] Gower. + +Rede (r?d), v. t. [See Read, v. t.] 1. To advise or counsel. [Obs. or +Scot.] + + I rede that our host here shall begin. + + +Chaucer. + +2. To interpret; to explain. [Obs.] + + My sweven [dream] rede aright. + + +Chaucer. + +Rede, n. [See Read, n.] 1. Advice; counsel; suggestion. [Obs. or Scot.] +Burns. + + There was none other remedy ne reed. + + +Chaucer. + +2. A word or phrase; a motto; a proverb; a wise saw. [Obs.] "This rede +is rife." Spenser. + +Re*deem" (r?*d?m"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Redeemed. (-d&?;md"); p. pr. & +vb. n. Redeeming.] [F. rédimer, L. redimere; pref. red-, re- re- + +emere, emptum, to buy, originally, to take, cf. OIr. em (in comp.), +Lith. imti. Cf. Assume, Consume, Exempt, Premium, Prompt, Ransom.] 1. +To purchase back; to regain possession of by payment of a stipulated +price; to repurchase. + + If a man sell a dwelling house in a walled city, then he may redeem + it within a whole year after it is sold. + + +Lev. xxv. 29. + +2. Hence, specifically: (a) (Law) To recall, as an estate, or to +regain, as mortgaged property, by paying what may be due by force of +the mortgage. (b) (Com.) To regain by performing the obligation or +condition stated; to discharge the obligation mentioned in, as a +promissory note, bond, or other evidence of debt; as, to redeem bank +notes with coin. + +3. To ransom, liberate, or rescue from captivity or bondage, or from +any obligation or liability to suffer or to be forfeited, by paying a +price or ransom; to ransom; to rescue; to recover; as, to redeem a +captive, a pledge, and the like. + + Redeem Israel, O God, out of all his troubles. + + +Ps. xxv. 22. + + The Almighty from the grave Hath me redeemed. + + +Sandys. + +4. (Theol.) Hence, to rescue and deliver from the bondage of sin and +the penalties of God's violated law. + + Christ hath redeemed us from the curse of the law, being made a + curse for us. + + +Gal. iii. 13. + +5. To make good by performing fully; to fulfill; as, to redeem one's +promises. + + I will redeem all this on Percy's head. + + +Shak. + +6. To pay the penalty of; to make amends for; to serve as an equivalent +or offset for; to atone for; to compensate; as, to redeem an error. + + Which of ye will be mortal, to redeem Man's mortal crime? + + +Milton. + + It is a chance which does redeem all sorrows. + + +Shak. + +To redeem the time, to make the best use of it. + +Re*deem`a*bil"i*ty (-?*b?l"?*t?), n. Redeemableness. + +Re*deem"a*ble (-?*b;l), a. 1. Capable of being redeemed; subject to +repurchase; held under conditions permitting redemption; as, a pledge +securing the payment of money is redeemable. + +2. Subject to an obligation of redemtion; conditioned upon a promise of +redemtion; payable; due; as, bonds, promissory notes, etc. , +redeemabble in gold, or in current money, or four months after date. + +Re*deem"a*ble*ness (r?*d?m"?*b'l*n?s), n. The quality or state of being +redeemable; redeemability. + +Re*deem"er (r?*d?m"?r), n. 1. One who redeems. + +2. Specifically, the Savior of the world, Jesus Christ. + +Rede"less (r?d"l?s), a. Without rede or counsel. [Obs.] + +Re`de*lib"er*ate (r?`d?*l?b"?r*?t), v. t. & i. To deliberate again; to +reconsider. + +Re`de*liv"er (r?`d?*l?v"?r), v. t. 1. To deliver or give back; to +return. Ay&?;iffe. + +2. To deliver or liberate a second time or again. + +3. To report; to deliver the answer of. [R.] "Shall I redeliver you +e'en so?" Shak. + +Re`de*liv"er*ance (-ans), n. A second deliverance. + +Re`de*liv"er*y (-?), n. 1. Act of delivering back. + +2. A second or new delivery or liberation. + +Re`de*mand" (r?`d-m?nd"), v. t. [Pref. re- back, again + demand: cf. F. +redemander.] To demand back; to demand again. + +Re`de*mand", n. A demanding back; a second or renewed demand. + +Re`de*mise" (-m?z"), v. t. To demise back; to convey or transfer back, +as an estate. + +Re`de*mise", n. (Law) The transfer of an estate back to the person who +demised it; reconveyance; as, the demise and redemise of an estate. See +under Demise. + +Re*dem"on*strate (r?*d?m"?n*str?t or r?`d?*m?n"-str?t), v. t. To +demonstrate again, or anew. + + Every truth of morals must be redemonstrated in the experience of + the individual man before he is capable of utilizing it as a + constituent of character or a guide in action. + + +Lowell. + +Re*demp"ti*ble (r?*d?mp"t?*b'l), a. Redeemable. + +Re-demp"tion (-sh?n), n. [F. rédemption, L. redemptio. See Redeem, and +cf. Ransom.] The act of redeeming, or the state of being redeemed; +repurchase; ransom; release; rescue; deliverance; as, the redemption of +prisoners taken in war; the redemption of a ship and cargo. +Specifically: (a) (Law) The liberation of an estate from a mortgage, or +the taking back of property mortgaged, upon performance of the terms or +conditions on which it was conveyed; also, the right of redeeming and +reëntering upon an estate mortgaged. See Equity of redemption, under +Equity. (b) (Com.) Performance of the obligation stated in a note, +bill, bond, or other evidence of debt, by making payment to the holder. +(c) (Theol.) The procuring of God's favor by the sufferings and death +of Christ; the ransom or deliverance of sinners from the bondage of sin +and the penalties of God's violated law. + + In whom we have redemption through his blood. + + +Eph. i. 7. + +Re*demp"tion*a*ry (-?*r?), n. One who is, or may be, redeemed. [R.] +Hakluyt. + +Re*demp"tion*er (-?r), n. 1. One who redeems himself, as from debt or +servitude. + +2. Formerly, one who, wishing to emigrate from Europe to America, sold +his services for a stipulated time to pay the expenses of his passage. + +Re*demp"tion*ist, n. (R.C.Ch.) A monk of an order founded in 1197; -- +so called because the order was especially devoted to the redemption of +Christians held in captivity by the Mohammedans. Called also +Trinitarian. + +Re*demp"tive (-t?v), a. Serving or tending to redeem; redeeming; as, +the redemptive work of Christ. + +Re*demp"tor*ist (-t?r*?st), n. [F. rédemptoriste, fr. L. redemptor +redeemer, from redinere. See Redeem.] (R.C.Ch.) One of the Congregation +of the Most Holy Redeemer, founded in Naples in 1732 by St. Alphonsus +Maria de Liquori. It was introduced onto the United States in 1832 at +Detroit. The Fathers of the Congregation devote themselves to preaching +to the neglected, esp. in missions and retreats, and are forbidden by +their rule to engage in the instruction of youth. + +Re*demp"to*ry (-t?*r?), a. Paid for ransom; serving to redeem. +"Hector's redemptory price." Chapman. + +Re*demp"ture (-t?r; 135), n. Redemption. [Obs.] + +Re*dent"ed (r?*d?nt"?d), a. [From OF. redent. See Redan.] Formed like +the teeth of a saw; indented. + +Re`de*pos"it (r?`d?*p?z"?t), v. t. To deposit again. + +Re`de*scend" (-s?nd"), v. i. [Pref. re- + descend: cf. F. redescendre.] +To descend again. Howell. + +Red"eye` (r?d"?`), n. (Zoöl.) (a) The rudd. (b) Same as Redfish (d). +(c) The goggle-eye, or fresh-water rock bass. [Local, U.S.] + +Red"fin` (-f?n`), n. (Zoöl.) A small North American dace (Minnilus +cornutus, or Notropis megalops). The male, in the breeding season, has +bright red fins. Called also red dace, and shiner. Applied also to +Notropis ardens, of the Mississippi valley. + +Red"finch` (-fnch`), n. (Zoöl.) The European linnet. + +Red"fish` (rd"fsh`), n. (Zoöl.) (a) The blueback salmon of the North +Pacific; -- called also nerka. See Blueback (b). (b) The rosefish. (c) +A large California labroid food fish (Trochocopus pulcher); -- called +also fathead. (d) The red bass, red drum, or drumfish. See the Note +under Drumfish. + +Red"-gum` (-g?m`), n. [OE. reed gounde; AS. reád red + gund matter, +pus.] 1. (Med.) An eruption of red pimples upon the face, neck, and +arms, in early infancy; tooth rash; strophulus. Good. + +2. A name of rust on grain. See Rust. + +<! p. 1204 !> + +{ Red"-hand` (r?d"h?nd`), Red"-hand`ed (- h?nd`?d), } a. or adv. Having +hands red with blood; in the very act, as if with red or bloody hands; +-- said of a person taken in the act of homicide; hence, fresh from the +commission of crime; as, he was taken red-hand or red-handed. + +Red"head` (-h?d`), n. 1. A person having red hair. + +2. (Zoöl.) (a) An American duck (Aythya Americana) highly esteemed as a +game bird. It is closely allied to the canvasback, but is smaller and +its head brighter red. Called also red-headed duck. American poachard, +grayback, and fall duck. See Illust. under Poachard. (b) The red-headed +woodpecker. See Woodpecker. + +3. (Bot.) A kind of milkweed (Asclepias Curassavica) with red flowers. +It is used in medicine. + +Red`hi*bi"tion (r?d`h?*b?sh"?n), n. [L. redhibitio a taking back.] +(Civil Law) The annulling of a sale, and the return by the buyer of the +article sold, on account of some defect. + +Red*hib"i*to*ry (r?d*h?b"?*t?*r?), a. [L. redhibitorius.] (Civil Law) +Of or pertaining to redhibition; as, a redhibitory action or fault. + +Red"hoop` (r?d"h??p`), n. (Zoöl.) The male of the European bullfinch. +[Prov. Eng.] + +Red"horn` (-h?rn`), n. (Zoöl.) Any species of a tribe of butterflies +(Fugacia) including the common yellow species and the cabbage +butterflies. The antennæ are usually red. + +Red"-hot` (-h?t`), a. Red with heat; heated to redness; as, red-hot +iron; red-hot balls. Hence, figuratively, excited; violent; as, a +red-hot radical. Shak. + +||Re"di*a (r?"d?*?), n.; pl. L. Rediæ (-), E. Redias (-&?;z). [NL.; of +||uncertain origin.] (Zoöl.) A kind of larva, or nurse, which is +||prroduced within the sporocyst of certain trematodes by asexual +||generation. It in turn produces, in the same way, either another +||generation of rediæ, or else cercariæ within its own body. Called +||also proscolex, and nurse. See Illustration in Appendix. + +Re"di*ent (r?"d?-ent), a. [L. rediens, p. pr. of redire to return; +pref. red- + ire to go.] Returning. [R.] + +Re`di*gest" (r?`d?*j?st"), v. t. To digest, or reduce to form, a second +time. Kent. + +Re`di*min"ish (-m?n"?sh), v. t. To diminish again. + +Red"in*gote (rd"n*gt), n. [F., corrupted from E. riding coat.] A long +plain double-breasted outside coat for women. + +Re*din"te*grate (r?*d?n"t?*gr?t), a. [L. redintegratus, p. p. of +redintegrare to restore; pref. red-, re-, re- + integrare to make +whole, to renew, fr. integer whole. See Integer.] Restored to wholeness +or a perfect state; renewed. Bacon. + +Re*din"te*grate (-gr?t), v. t. To make whole again; a renew; to restore +to integrity or soundness. + + The English nation seems obliterated. What could redintegrate us + again? + + +Coleridge. + +Re*din`te*gra"tion (-gr?"sh?n), n. [L. redintegratio.] 1. Restoration +to a whole or sound state; renewal; renovation. Dr. H. More. + +2. (Chem.) Restoration of a mixed body or matter to its former nature +and state. [Achaic.] Coxe. + +3. (Psychology) The law that objects which have been previously +combined as part of a single mental state tend to recall or suggest one +another; -- adopted by many philosophers to explain the phenomena of +the association of ideas. + +Re`di*rect" (r?`d?*r?kt"), a. (Law) Applied to the examination of a +witness, by the party calling him, after the cross-examination. + +Re`dis*burse" (r?`d?s*b?rs"), v. t. To disburse anew; to give, or pay, +back. Spenser. + +Re`dis*cov"er (-k?v"?r), v. t. To discover again. + +Re`dis*pose" (-p?z"), v. t. To dispose anew or again; to readjust; to +rearrange. A. Baxter. + +Re`dis*seize" (-s?z"), v. t. (Law) To disseize anew, or a second time. +[Written also redisseise.] + +Re`dis*sei"zin (-s?"z?n), n. (Law) A disseizin by one who once before +was adjudged to have dassezed the same person of the same lands, etc.; +also, a writ which lay in such a case. Blackstone. + +Re`dis*sei"zor (-z?r), n. (Law) One who redisseizes. + +Re`dis*solve" (r?`d?z*z?lv"), v. t. To dissolve again. + +Re`dis*till" (r?`d?s*t?l"), v. t. To distill again. + +Re`dis*train"er (-tr?n"?r), n. One who distrains again. + +Re`dis*trib"ute (-tr?b"?t), v. t. To distribute again. + +-- Re*dis`tri*bu"tion (-tr&?;*b&?;"sh&?;n), n. + +Re*dis"trict (-tr?kt), v. t. To divide into new districts. + +Re*di"tion (r?*d?sh"?n), n. [L. reditio, fr. redire. See Redient.] Act +of returning; return. [Obs.] Chapman. + +Re`di*vide" (r?`d?*v?d"), v. t. To divide anew. + +{ Red"leg` (r?d"l?g`), Red`legs` (-l?gz`), } n. (Zoöl.) (a) The +redshank. (b) The turnstone. + +Red"-let`ter (-l?t`t?r), a. Of or pertaining to a red letter; marked by +red letters. + +Red-letter day, a day that is fortunate or auspicious; -- so called in +allusion to the custom of marking holy days, or saints' days, in the +old calendars with red letters. + +Red"ly, adv. In a red manner; with redness. + +Red"mouth` (-mouth`), n. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of marine +food fishes of the genus Diabasis, or Hæmulon, of the Southern United +States, having the inside of the mouth bright red. Called also +flannelmouth, and grunt. + +Red"ness, n. [AS. reádness. See Red.] The quality or state of being +red; red color. + +{ Red"o*lence (r?d"?*lens), Red"o*len*cy (-len*s?), } n. The quality of +being redolent; sweetness of scent; pleasant odor; fragrance. + +Red"o*lent (-lent), a. [L. redolens, -entis, p. pr. of redolere to emit +a scent, diffuse an odor; pref. red-, re-, re- + olere to emit a smell. +See Odor.] Diffusing odor or fragrance; spreading sweet scent; scented; +odorous; smelling; -- usually followed by of. "Honey redolent of +spring." Dryden. -- Red"o*lent*ly, adv. + + Gales . . . redolent of joy and youth. + + +Gray. + +Re*dou"ble (r?*d?b"'l), v. t. [Pref. re- + double: cf. F. redoubler. +Cf. Reduplicate.] To double again or repeatedly; to increase by +continued or repeated additions; to augment greatly; to multiply. + + So they Doubly redoubled strokes upon the foe. + + +Shak. + +Re*dou"ble, v. i. To become greatly or repeatedly increased; to be +multiplied; to be greatly augmented; as, the noise redoubles. + +Re*doubt" (r?*dout"), n. [F. redoute, fem., It. ridotto, LL. reductus, +literally, a retreat, from L. reductus drawn back, retired, p. p. of +reducere to lead or draw back; cf. F. réduit, also fr. LL. reductus. +See Reduce, and cf. Reduct, Réduit, Ridotto.] (Fort.) (a) A small, and +usually a roughly constructed, fort or outwork of varying shape, +commonly erected for a temporary purpose, and without flanking +defenses, -- used esp. in fortifying tops of hills and passes, and +positions in hostile territory. (b) In permanent works, an outwork +placed within another outwork. See F and i in Illust. of Ravelin. +[Written also redout.] + +Re*doubt", v. t. [F. redouter, formerly also spelt redoubter; fr. L. +pref. re- re- + dubitare to doubt, in LL., to fear. See Doubt.] To +stand in dread of; to regard with fear; to dread. [R.] + +Re*doubt"a*ble (-?*b'l), a. [F. redoutable, formerly also spelt +redoubtable.] Formidable; dread; terrible to foes; as, a redoubtable +hero; hence, valiant; -- often in contempt or burlesque. [Written also +redoutable.] + +Re*doubt"ed, a. Formidable; dread. "Some redoubted knight." Spenser. + + Lord regent, and redoubted Burgandy. + + +Shak. + +Re*doubt"ing, n. Reverence; honor. [Obs.] + + In redoutyng of Mars and of his glory. + + +Chaucer. + +Re*dound" (r?*dound"), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Redounded; p. pr. & vb. n. +Redounding.] [F. redonder, L. redundare; pref. red-, re-, re- + undare +to rise in waves or surges, fr. unda a wave. See Undulate, and cf. +Redundant.] 1. To roll back, as a wave or flood; to be sent or driven +back; to flow back, as a consequence or effect; to conduce; to +contribute; to result. + + The evil, soon Driven back, redounded as a flood on those From whom + it sprung. + + +Milton. + + The honor done to our religion ultimately redounds to God, the + author of it. + + +Rogers. + + both . . . will devour great quantities of paper, there will no + small use redound from them to that manufacture. + + +Addison. + +2. To be in excess; to remain over and above; to be redundant; to +overflow. + + For every dram of honey therein found, A pound of gall doth over it + redound. + + +Spenser. + +Re*dound", n. 1. The coming back, as of consequence or effect; result; +return; requital. + + We give you welcome; not without redound Of use and glory to + yourselves ye come. + + +Tennyson. + +2. Rebound; reverberation. [R.] Codrington. + +Red"ow*a (r?d"?*?), n. [F., fr. Bohemian.] A Bohemian dance of two +kinds, one in triple time, like a waltz, the other in two-four time, +like a polka. The former is most in use. + +Red"pole` (r?d"p?l`), n. (Zoöl.) Same as Redpoll. + +Red"poll` (-p?l`), n. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of several species of small +northern finches of the genus Acanthis (formerly Ægiothus), native of +Europe and America. The adults have the crown red or rosy. The male of +the most common species (A. linarius) has also the breast and rump +rosy. Called also redpoll linnet. See Illust. under Linnet. (b) The +common European linnet. (c) The American redpoll warbler (Dendroica +palmarum). + +Re*draft" (r*drft"), v. t. To draft or draw anew. + +Re*draft", n. 1. A second draft or copy. + +2. (Com.) A new bill of exchange which the holder of a protected bill +draws on the drawer or indorsers, in order to recover the amount of the +protested bill with costs and charges. + +Re*draw" (r?*dr?"), v. t. [imp. Redrew (-dr?");p. p. Redrawn (-drn"); +p. pr. & vb. n. Redrawing.] To draw again; to make a second draft or +copy of; to redraft. + +Re*draw", v. i. (Com.) To draw a new bill of exchange, as the holder of +a protested bill, on the drawer or indorsers. + +Re*dress" (r?*dr?s"), v. t. [Pref. re- + dress.] To dress again. + +Re*dress" (r?*dr?s"), v. t. [F. redresser to straighten; pref. re- re- ++ dresser to raise, arrange. See Dress.] + +1. To put in order again; to set right; to emend; to revise. [R.] + + The common profit could she redress. + + +Chaucer. + + In yonder spring of roses intermixed With myrtle, find what to + redress till noon. + + +Milton. + + Your wish that I should redress a certain paper which you had + prepared. + + +A. Hamilton. + +2. To set right, as a wrong; to repair, as an injury; to make amends +for; to remedy; to relieve from. + + Those wrongs, those bitter injuries, . . . I doubt not but with + honor to redress. + + +Shak. + +3. To make amends or compensation to; to relieve of anything unjust or +oppressive; to bestow relief upon. "'T is thine, O king! the afflicted +to redress." Dryden. + + Will Gaul or Muscovite redress ye? + + +Byron. + +Re*dress", n. 1. The act of redressing; a making right; reformation; +correction; amendment. [R.] + + Reformation of evil laws is commendable, but for us the more + necessary is a speedy redress of ourselves. + + +Hooker. + +2. A setting right, as of wrong, injury, or opression; as, the redress +of grievances; hence, relief; remedy; reparation; indemnification. +Shak. + + A few may complain without reason; but there is occasion for + redress when the cry is universal. + + +Davenant. + +3. One who, or that which, gives relief; a redresser. + + Fair majesty, the refuge and redress Of those whom fate pursues and + wants oppress. + + +Dryden. + +Re*dress"al (r?*dr?s"al), n. Redress. + +Re*dress"er (-?r), n. One who redresses. + +Re*dress"i*ble (-?*b'l), a. Such as may be redressed. + +Re*dress"ive (-?v), a. Tending to redress. Thomson. + +Re*dress"less, a. Not having redress; such as can not be redressed; +irremediable. Sherwood. + +Re*dress"ment (-ment), n. [Cf. F. redressement.] The act of redressing; +redress. Jefferson. + +Red"-rib`and (r?d"r?b`and), n. (Zoöl.) The European red band fish, or +fireflame. See Rend fish. + +Red"root` (r?d"r?t`), n. (Bot.) A name of several plants having red +roots, as the New Jersey tea (see under Tea), the gromwell, the +bloodroot, and the Lachnanthes tinctoria, an endogenous plant found in +sandy swamps from Rhode Island to Florida. + +Red`sear" (r?d`s?r"), v. i. To be brittle when red-hot; to be +red-short. Moxon. + +Red"shank` (r?d"sh?nk`), n. 1. (Zoöl.) (a) A common Old World +limicoline bird (Totanus calidris), having the legs and feet pale red. +The spotted redshank (T. fuscus) is larger, and has orange-red legs. +Called also redshanks, redleg, and clee. (b) The fieldfare. + +2. A bare-legged person; -- a contemptuous appellation formerly given +to the Scotch Highlanders, in allusion to their bare legs. Spenser. + +Red"-short` (-sh?rt`), a. (Metal.) Hot-short; brittle when red-hot; -- +said of certain kinds of iron. -- Red"-short`ness, n. + +Red"skin` (-sk?n`), n. A common appellation for a North American +Indian; -- so called from the color of the skin. Cooper. + +Red"start` (-st?rt`), n. [Red + start tail.] (Zoöl.) (a) A small, +handsome European singing bird (Ruticilla phœnicurus), allied to the +nightingale; -- called also redtail, brantail, fireflirt, firetail. The +black redstart is P.tithys. The name is also applied to several other +species of Ruticilla amnd allied genera, native of India. (b) An +American fly-catching warbler (Setophaga ruticilla). The male is black, +with large patches of orange-red on the sides, wings, and tail. The +female is olive, with yellow patches. + +Red"streak` (-str?k`), n. 1. A kind of apple having the skin streaked +with red and yellow, -- a favorite English cider apple. Mortimer. + +2. Cider pressed from redstreak apples. + +Red"tail` (-t?l`), n. (Zoöl.) (a) The red-tailed hawk. (b) The European +redstart. + +Red"-tailed` (-t?ld`), a. Having a red tail. + +Red-tailed hawk (Zoöl.), a large North American hawk (Buteo borealis). +When adult its tail is chestnut red. Called also hen hawck, and +red-tailed buzzard. + +Red"-tape` (-t?p`), a. Pertaining to, or characterized by, official +formality. See Red tape, under Red, a. + +Red`-tap"ism (r?d`t?p"?z'm), n. Strict adherence to official +formalities. J. C. Shairp. + +Red`-tap"ist, n. One who is tenacious of a strict adherence to official +formalities. Ld. Lytton. + +Red"throat` (r?d"thr?t`), n. (Zoöl.) A small Australian singing bird +(Phyrrholæmus brunneus). The upper parts are brown, the center of the +throat red. + +Red"top` (-t?p`), n. (Bot.) A kind of grass (Agrostis vulgaris) highly +valued in the United States for pasturage and hay for cattle; -- called +also English grass, and in some localities herd's grass. See +Illustration in Appendix. The tall redtop is Triodia seslerioides. + +Re*dub" (r?*d?b"), v. t. [F. radouber to refit or repair.] To refit; to +repair, or make reparation for; hence, to repay or requite. [Obs.] + + It shall be good that you redub that negligence. + + +Wyatt. + + God shall give power to redub it with some like requital to the + French. + + +Grafton. + +Re*duce" (r*ds"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reduced (-dst"),; p. pr. & vb. n. +Reducing (- d"sng).] [L. reducere, reductum; pref. red-. re-, re- + +ducere to lead. See Duke, and cf. Redoubt, n.] 1. To bring or lead back +to any former place or condition. [Obs.] + + And to his brother's house reduced his wife. + + +Chapman. + + The sheep must of necessity be scattered, unless the great + Shephered of souls oppose, or some of his delegates reduce and + direct us. + + +Evelyn. + +2. To bring to any inferior state, with respect to rank, size, +quantity, quality, value, etc.; to diminish; to lower; to degrade; to +impair; as, to reduce a sergeant to the ranks; to reduce a drawing; to +reduce expenses; to reduce the intensity of heat. "An ancient but +reduced family." Sir W. Scott. + + Nothing so excellent but a man may fasten upon something belonging + to it, to reduce it. + + +Tillotson. + + Having reduced Their foe to misery beneath their fears. + + +Milton. + + Hester Prynne was shocked at the condition to which she found the + clergyman reduced. + + +Hawthorne. + +3. To bring to terms; to humble; to conquer; to subdue; to capture; as, +to reduce a province or a fort. + +<! p. 1205 !> + +4. To bring to a certain state or condition by grinding, pounding, +kneading, rubbing, etc.; as, to reduce a substance to powder, or to a +pasty mass; to reduce fruit, wood, or paper rags, to pulp. + + It were but right And equal to reduce me to my dust. + + +Milton. + +5. To bring into a certain order, arrangement, classification, etc.; to +bring under rules or within certain limits of descriptions and terms +adapted to use in computation; as, to reduce animals or vegetables to a +class or classes; to reduce a series of observations in astronomy; to +reduce language to rules. + +6. (Arith.) (a) To change, as numbers, from one denomination into +another without altering their value, or from one denomination into +others of the same value; as, to reduce pounds, shillings, and pence to +pence, or to reduce pence to pounds; to reduce days and hours to +minutes, or minutes to days and hours. (b) To change the form of a +quantity or expression without altering its value; as, to reduce +fractions to their lowest terms, to a common denominator, etc. + +7. (Chem.) To bring to the metallic state by separating from +impurities; hence, in general, to remove oxygen from; to deoxidize; to +combine with, or to subject to the action of, hydrogen; as, ferric iron +is reduced to ferrous iron; or metals are reduced from their ores; -- +opposed to oxidize. + +8. (Med.) To restore to its proper place or condition, as a displaced +organ or part; as, to reduce a dislocation, a fracture, or a hernia. + +Reduced iron (Chem.), metallic iron obtained through deoxidation of an +oxide of iron by exposure to a current of hydrogen or other reducing +agent. When hydrogen is used the product is called also iron by +hydrogen. -- To reduce an equation (Alg.), to bring the unknown +quantity by itself on one side, and all the known quantities on the +other side, without destroying the equation. -- To reduce an expression +(Alg.), to obtain an equivalent expression of simpler form. -- To +reduce a square (Mil.), to reform the line or column from the square. + +Syn. -- To diminish; lessen; decrease; abate; shorten; curtail; impair; +lower; subject; subdue; subjugate; conquer. + +Re*duce"ment (r?*d?s"ment), n. Reduction. Milton. + +Re*du"cent (r?*d?"sent), a. [L. reducens, p. pr. of reducere.] Tending +to reduce. -- n. A reducent agent. + +Re*du"cer (-s?r), n. One who, or that which, reduces. + +Re*du"ci*ble (-s?*b'll), a. Capable of being reduced. + +Re*du"ci*ble*ness, n. Quality of being reducible. + +Re*du"cing (r?*d?"s?ng), a & n. from Reduce. + +Reducing furnace (Metal.), a furnace for reducing ores. -- Reducing +pipe fitting, a pipe fitting, as a coupling, an elbow, a tee, etc., for +connecting a large pipe with a smaller one. -- Reducing valve, a device +for automatically maintaining a diminished pressure of steam, air, gas, +etc., in a pipe, or other receiver, which is fed from a boiler or pipe +in which the pressure is higher than is desired in the receiver. + +Re*duct" (r?*d?kt"), v. t.. [L. reductus, p. p. of reducere. See +Reduce.] To reduce. [Obs.] W. Warde. + +Re*duc`ti*bil"i*ty (r?*d?k`t?*b?l"?*t?), n. The quality of being +reducible; reducibleness. + +Re*duc"tion (r?*d?k"sh?n), n. [F. réduction, L. reductio. See Reduce.] +1. The act of reducing, or state of being reduced; conversion to a +given state or condition; diminution; conquest; as, the reduction of a +body to powder; the reduction of things to order; the reduction of the +expenses of government; the reduction of a rebellious province. + +2. (Arith. & Alq.) The act or process of reducing. See Reduce, v. t., +6. and To reduce an equation, To reduce an expression, under Reduce, v. +t. + +3. (Astron.) (a) The correction of observations for known errors of +instruments, etc. (b) The preparation of the facts and measurements of +observations in order to deduce a general result. + +4. The process of making a copy of something, as a figure, design, or +draught, on a smaller scale, preserving the proper proportions. +Fairholt. + +5. (Logic) The bringing of a syllogism in one of the so-called +imperfect modes into a mode in the first figure. + +6. (Chem. & Metal.) The act, process, or result of reducing; as, the +reduction of iron from its ores; the reduction of aldehyde from +alcohol. + +7. (Med.) The operation of restoring a dislocated or fractured part to +its former place. + +Reduction ascending (Arith.), the operation of changing numbers of a +lower into others of a higher denomination, as cents to dollars. -- +Reduction descending (Arith.), the operation of changing numbers of a +higher into others of a lower denomination, as dollars to cents. + +Syn. -- Diminution; decrease; abatement; curtailment; subjugation; +conquest; subjection. + +Re*duc"tive (-t?v), a. [Cf. F. réductif.] Tending to reduce; having the +power or effect of reducing. -- n. A reductive agent. Sir M. Hale. + +Re*duc"tive*ly, adv. By reduction; by consequence. + +||Ré`duit" (r?`dw?"), n. [F. See Redoubt, n. ] (Fort.) A central or +||retired work within any other work. + +{ Re*dun"dance (r?*d?n"dans), Re*dun"dan*cy (-dan*s?), } n. [L. +redundantia: cf. F. redondance.] + +1. The quality or state of being redundant; superfluity; +superabundance; excess. + +2. That which is redundant or in excess; anything superfluous or +superabundant. + + Labor . . . throws off redundacies. + + +Addison. + +3. (Law) Surplusage inserted in a pleading which may be rejected by the +court without impairing the validity of what remains. + +Re*dun"dant (-dant), a. [L. redundans, -antis, p. pr. of redundare: cf. +F. redondant. See Redound.] 1. Exceeding what is natural or necessary; +superabundant; exuberant; as, a redundant quantity of bile or food. + + Notwithstanding the redundant oil in fishes, they do not increase + fat so much as flesh. + + +Arbuthnot. + +2. Using more worrds or images than are necessary or useful; +pleonastic. + + Where an suthor is redundant, mark those paragraphs to be + retrenched. + + +I. Watts. + +Syn. -- Superfluous; superabundant; excessive; exuberant; overflowing; +plentiful; copious. + +Re*dun"dant*ly (r?*d?n"dant*l?), adv. In a refundant manner. + +Re*du"pli*cate (r?*d?"pl?*k?t), a. [Pref. re- + duplicate: cf. L. +reduplicatus. Cf. Redouble.] 1. Double; doubled; reduplicative; +repeated. + +2. (Bot.) Valvate with the margins curved outwardly; -- said of the +&?;stivation of certain flowers. + +Re*du"pli*cate (-k?t), v. t. [Cf. LL. reduplicare.] + +1. To redouble; to multiply; to repeat. + +2. (Gram.) To repeat the first letter or letters of (a word). See +Reduplication, 3. + +Re*du`pli*ca"tion (-k?sh?n), n. [Cf. F. réduplication, L. reduplicatio +repetition.] 1. The act of doubling, or the state of being doubled. + +2. (Pros.) A figure in which the first word of a verse is the same as +the last word of the preceding verse. + +3. (Philol.) The doubling of a stem or syllable (more or less +modified), with the effect of changing the time expressed, intensifying +the meaning, or making the word more imitative; also, the syllable thus +added; as, L. tetuli; poposci. + +Re*du"pli*ca*tive (-k?*t?v), a. [Cf. F. réduplicatif.] Double; formed +by reduplication; reduplicate. I. Watts. + +Red"u*vid (r?d"?*v?d), n. [L. reduvia a hangnail.] (Zoöl.) Any +hemipterous insect of the genus Redivius, or family Reduvidæ. They live +by sucking the blood of other insects, and some species also attack +man. + +Red"weed` (rd"wd`), n. (Bot.) The red poppy (Papaver Rhœas). Dr. Prior. + +Red"wing` (-w?ng`), n. (Zoöl.) A European thrush (Turdus iliacus). Its +under wing coverts are orange red. Called also redwinged thrush. (b) A +North American passerine bird (Agelarius phœniceus) of the family +Icteridæ. The male is black, with a conspicuous patch of bright red, +bordered with orange, on each wing. Called also redwinged blackbird, +red-winged troupial, marsh blackbird, and swamp blackbird. + +Red"withe` (r?d"w?th`), n. (Bot.) A west Indian climbing shrub +(Combretum Jacquini) with slender reddish branchlets. + +Red"wood` (-wd`), n. (Bot.) (a) A gigantic coniferous tree (Sequoia +sempervirens) of California, and its light and durable reddish timber. +See Sequoia. (b) An East Indian dyewood, obtained from Pterocarpus +santalinus, Cæsalpinia Sappan, and several other trees. + +The redwood of Andaman is Pterocarpus dalbergioides; that of some parts +of tropical America, several species of Erythoxylum; that of Brazil, +the species of Humirium. + +Ree (r), n. [Pg. real, pl. reis. See Real the money.] See Rei. + +Ree, v. t. [Cf. Prov. G. räden, raden, raiten. Cf. Riddle a sieve.] To +riddle; to sift; to separate or throw off. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] +Mortimer. + +Ree"bok` (r?"b?k`), n. [D., literally, roebuck.] (Zoöl.) The peele. +[Written also rehboc and rheeboc.] + +Re*ëch"o (r*k"), v. t. To echo back; to reverberate again; as, the +hills reëcho the roar of cannon. + +Re*ëch"o, v. i. To give echoes; to return back, or be reverberated, as +an echo; to resound; to be resonant. + + And a loud groan reëchoes from the main. + + +Pope. + +Re*ëch"o, n. The echo of an echo; a repeated or second echo. + +Reech"y (rch"), a. [See Reeky.] Smoky; reeky; hence, begrimed with +dirt. [Obs.] + +Reed (rd), a. Red. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Reed, v. & n. Same as Rede. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Reed, n. The fourth stomach of a ruminant; rennet. [Prov. Eng. or +Scot.] + +Reed, n. [AS. hreód; akin to D. riet, G. riet, ried, OHG. kriot, riot.] +1. (Bot.) A name given to many tall and coarse grasses or grasslike +plants, and their slender, often jointed, stems, such as the various +kinds of bamboo, and especially the common reed of Europe and North +America (Phragmites communis). + +2. A musical instrument made of the hollow joint of some plant; a +rustic or pastoral pipe. + + Arcadian pipe, the pastoral reed Of Hermes. + + +Milton. + +3. An arrow, as made of a reed. Prior. + +4. Straw prepared for thatching a roof. [Prov. Eng.] + +5. (Mus.) (a) A small piece of cane or wood attached to the mouthpiece +of certain instruments, and set in vibration by the breath. In the +clarinet it is a single fiat reed; in the oboe and bassoon it is +double, forming a compressed tube. (b) One of the thin pieces of metal, +the vibration of which produce the tones of a melodeon, accordeon, +harmonium, or seraphine; also attached to certain sets or registers of +pipes in an organ. + +6. (Weaving) A frame having parallel flat stripe of metal or reed, +between which the warp threads pass, set in the swinging lathe or +batten of a loom for beating up the weft; a sley. See Batten. + +7. (Mining) A tube containing the train of powder for igniting the +charge in blasting. + +8. (Arch.) Same as Reeding. + +Egyptian reed (Bot.), the papyrus. -- Free reed (Mus.), a reed whose +edges do not overlap the wind passage, -- used in the harmonium, +concertina, etc. It is distinguished from the beating or striking reed +of the organ and clarinet. -- Meadow reed grass (Bot.), the Glyceria +aquatica, a tall grass found in wet places. -- Reed babbler. See +Reedbird. -- Reed bunting (Zoöl.) A European sparrow (Emberiza +schœniclus) which frequents marshy places; -- called also reed sparrow, +ring bunting. (b) Reedling. -- Reed canary grass (Bot.), a tall wild +grass (Phalaris arundinacea). -- Reed grass. (Bot.) (a) The common +reed. See Reed, 1. (b) A plant of the genus Sparganium; bur reed. See +under Bur. -- Reed organ (Mus.), an organ in which the wind acts on a +set of free reeds, as the harmonium, melodeon, concertina, etc. -- Reed +pipe (Mus.), a pipe of an organ furnished with a reed. -- Reed sparrow. +(Zoöl.) See Reed bunting, above. -- Reed stop (Mus.), a set of pipes in +an organ furnished with reeds. -- Reed warbler. (Zoöl.) (a) A small +European warbler (Acrocephalus streperus); -- called also reed wren. +(b) Any one of several species of Indian and Australian warblers of the +genera Acrocephalus, Calamoherpe, and Arundinax. They are excellent +singers. -- Sea-sand reed (Bot.), a kind of coarse grass (Ammophila +arundinacea). See Beach grass, under Beach. -- Wood reed grass (Bot.), +a tall, elegant grass (Cinna arundinacea), common in moist woods. + +Reed"bird` (r?d"b?rd`), n. (Zoöl.) (a) The bobolink. (b) One of several +small Asiatic singing birds of the genera Schœnicola and Eurycercus; -- +called also reed babbler. Reed"buck" (-b?k`), n. (Zoöl.) See Rietboc. + +Reed"ed, a. 1. Civered with reeds; reedy. Tusser. + +2. Formed with channels and ridges like reeds. + +Reed"en (r?d"'n), a. Consisting of a reed or reeds. + + Through reeden pipes convey the golden flood. + + +Dryden. + +Re*ëd`i*fi*ca"tion (r?*?d`?*f?*k?"sh?n), n. [Cf. F. réédification. See +Reëdify.] The act reëdifying; the state of being reëdified. + +Re*ëd"i*fy (r?*?d"?*ff?), v. t. [Pref. re- + edify: cf. F. réédifier, +L. reaedificare.] To edify anew; to build again after destruction. [R.] +Milton. + +Reed"ing (r?d"?ng), n. [From 4th Reed.] 1. (Arch.) A small convex +molding; a reed (see Illust. (i) of Molding); one of several set close +together to decorate a surface; also, decoration by means of reedings; +-- the reverse of fluting. + +Several reedings are often placed together, parallel to each other, +either projecting from, or inserted into, the adjining surface. The +decoration so produced is then called, in general, reeding. + +2. The nurling on the edge of a coin; -- commonly called milling. + +Reed"less, a. Destitute of reeds; as, reedless banks. + +Reed"ling (-l?ng), n. (Zoöl.) The European bearded titmouse (Panurus +biarmicus); -- called also reed bunting, bearded pinnock, and lesser +butcher bird. + +It is orange brown, marked with black, white, and yellow on the wings. +The male has a tuft of black feathers on each side of the face. + +Reed"-mace` (-m?s`), n. (Bot.) The cat-tail. + +Reed"work` (-w?rk`), n. (Mus.) A collective name for the reed stops of +an organ. + +Reed"y (-?), a. 1. Abounding with reeds; covered with reeds. "A reedy +pool." Thomson . + +2. Having the quality of reed in tone, that is, &?;&?;&?;&?;&?; and +thin^ as some voices. + +Reef (r?f), n. [Akin to D. rif, G. riff, Icel. rif, Dan. rev; cf. Icel. +rifa rift, rent, fissure, rifa to rive, bear. Cf. Rift, Rive.] 1. A +chain or range of rocks lying at or near the surface of the water. See +Coral reefs, under Coral. + +2. (Mining.) A large vein of auriferous quartz; -- so called in +Australia. Hence, any body of rock yielding valuable ore. + +Reef builder (Zoöl.), any stony coral which contributes material to the +formation of coral reefs. -- Reef heron (Zoöl.), any heron of the genus +Demigretta; as, the blue reef heron (D. jugularis) of Australia. + +Reef, n. [Akin to D. reef, G. reff, Sw. ref; cf. Icel. rif reef, rifa +to basten together. Cf. Reeve, v. t., River.] (Naut.) That part of a +sail which is taken in or let out by means of the reef points, in order +to adapt the size of the sail to the force of the wind. + +From the head to the first reef-band, in square sails, is termed the +first reef; from this to the next is the second reef; and so on. In +fore-and-aft sails, which reef on the foot, the first reef is the +lowest part. Totten. + +Close reef, the last reef that can be put in. -- Reef band. See +Reef-band in the Vocabulary. -- Reef knot, the knot which is used in +tying reef pointss. See Illust. under Knot. -- Reef line, a small rope +formerly used to reef the courses by being passed spirally round the +yard and through the holes of the reef. Totten. -- Reef points, pieces +of small rope passing through the eyelet holes of a reef-band, and used +reefing the sail. -- Reef tackle, a tackle by which the reef cringles, +or rings, of a sail are hauled up to the yard for reefing. Totten. -- +To take a reef in, to reduce the size of (a sail) by folding or rolling +up a reef, and lashing it to the spar. + +Reef, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reefed (rft); p. pr. & vb. n. Reefing.] +(Naut.) To reduce the extent of (as a sail) by roiling or folding a +certain portion of it and making it fast to the yard or spar. Totten. + +To reef the paddles, to move the floats of a paddle wheel toward its +center so that they will not dip so deeply. + +<! p. 1206 !> + +Reef"-band` (r?f"b?nd`), n. (Naut.) A piece of canvas sewed across a +sail to strengthen it in the part where the eyelet holes for reefing +are made. Totten. + +Reef"er (-?r), n. 1. (Naut.) One who reefs; -- a name often given to +midshipmen. Marryat. + +2. A close-fitting lacket or short coat of thick cloth. + +Reef"ing, n. (Naut.) The process of taking in a reef. + +Reefing bowsprit, a bowsprit so rigged that it can easily be run in or +shortened by sliding inboard, as in cutters. + +Reef"y (-?), a. Full of reefs or rocks. + +Reek (rk), n. A rick. [Obs.] B. Jonson. + +Reek, n. [AS. rc; akin to OFries. rk, LG. & D. rook, G. rauch, OHG. +rouh, Dan. rög, Sw. rök, Icel. reykr, and to AS. reócan to reek, smoke, +Icel. rjka, G. riechen to smell.] Vapor; steam; smoke; fume. + + As hateful to me as the reek of a limekiln. + + +Shak. + +Reek, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Reeked (rkt); p. pr. & vb. n. Reeking.] [As. +rcan. See Reek vapor.] To emit vapor, usually that which is warm and +moist; to be full of fumes; to steam; to smoke; to exhale. + + Few chimneys reeking you shall espy. + + +Spenser. + + I found me laid In balmy sweat, which with his beams the sun Soon + dried, and on the reeking moisture fed. + + +Milton. + + The coffee rooms reeked with tobacco. + + +Macaulay. + +Reek"y (-?), a. [From 2d Reek; cf. Reechy.] 1. Soiled with smoke or +steam; smoky; foul. Shak. + +2. Emitting reek. "Reeky fen." Sir W. Scott. + +Reel (r?l), n. [Gael. righil.] A lively dance of the Highlanders of +Scotland; also, the music to the dance; -- often called Scotch reel. + +Virginia reel, the common name throughout the United States for the old +English "country dance," or contradance (contredanse). Bartlett. + +Reel, n. [AS. kre&?;l: cf. Icel. kr&?;ll a weaver's reed or sley.] 1. A +frame with radial arms, or a kind of spool, turning on an axis, on +which yarn, threads, lines, or the like, are wound; as, a log reel, +used by seamen; an angler's reel; a garden reel. + +2. A machine on which yarn is wound and measured into lays and hanks, +-- for cotton or linen it is fifty-four inches in circuit; for worsted, +thirty inches. McElrath. + +3. (Agric.) A device consisting of radial arms with horizontal stats, +connected with a harvesting machine, for holding the stalks of grain in +position to be cut by the knives. + +Reel oven, a baker's oven in which bread pans hang suspended from the +arms of a kind of reel revolving on a horizontal axis. Knight. + +Reel, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reeled (r?ld); p. pr. & vb. n. Reeling. ] 1. +To roll. [Obs.] + + And Sisyphus an huge round stone did reel. + + +Spenser. + +2. To wind upon a reel, as yarn or thread. + +Reel, v. i. [Cf. Sw. ragla. See 2d Reel.] 1. To incline, in walking, +from one side to the other; to stagger. + + They reel to and fro, and stagger like a drunken man. + + +Ps. cvii. 27. + + He, with heavy fumes oppressed, Reeled from the palace, and retired + to rest. + + +Pope. + + The wagons reeling under the yellow sheaves. + + +Macaulay. + +2. To have a whirling sensation; to be giddy. + + In these lengthened vigils his brain often reeled. + + +Hawthorne. + +Reel, n. The act or motion of reeling or staggering; as, a drunken +reel. Shak. + +Re`ë*lect" (r?`?*l?kt"), v. t. To elect again; as, to reëlect the +former governor. + +Re`ë*lec"tion (-l?k"sh?n), n. Election a second time, or anew; as, the +reëlection of a former chief. + +Reel"er (r?l"?r), n. 1. One who reels. + +2. (Zoöl.) The grasshopper warbler; -- so called from its note. [Prov. +Eng.] + +Re*ël"i*gi*ble (r*l"*j*b'l), a. Eligible again; capable of reëlection; +as, reëligible to the same office. -- Re*ël`i*gi*bil"i*ty +(r*l`*j*bl"*t), n. + +Reem (r?m), n. [Heb.] (Zoöl.) The Hebrew name of a horned wild animal, +probably the Urus. + +In King James's Version it is called unicorn; in the Revised Version, +wild ox. Job xxxix. 9. + +Reem, v. t. [Cf. Ream to make a hole in.] (Naut.) To open (the seams of +a vessel's planking) for the purpose of calking them. + +Reeming iron (Naut.), an iron chisel for reeming the seams of planks in +calking ships. + +Re`ëm*bark" (r?`?m*b?rk"), v. t. & i. To put, or go, on board a vessel +again; to embark again. + +Re*ëm`bar*ka"tion (r?*?m`b?r*k?"sh?n), n. A putting, or going, on board +a vessel again. + +Re`ëm*bod"y (r?`?m*b?d"?), v. t. To embody again. + +Re`ëm*brace" (-br?s"), v. i. To embrace again. + +Re`ë*merge" (r?`?*m?rj"), v. i. To emerge again. + +Re`ë*mer"gence (-m?r"jens), n. Act of reëmerging. + +Re`ën*act" (r?`?n*?kt"), v. t. To enact again. + +Re`ën*ac"tion (-?k"sh?n), n. The act of reënacting; the state of being +reënacted. + +Re`ën*act"ment (-?kt"ment), n. The enacting or passing of a law a +second time; the renewal of a law. + +Re`ën*cour"age (-k?r"?j;), v. t. To encourage again. + +Re`ën*dow" (-dou"), v. t. To endow again. + +Re`ën*force" (-f?rs"), v. t. [Pref. re- + enforce: cf. F. renforcer.] +To strengthen with new force, assistance, material, or support; as, to +reënforce an argument; to reënforce a garment; especially, to +strengthen with additional troops, as an army or a fort, or with +additional ships, as a fleet. [Written also reinforce.] + +Re`ën*force", n. [See Reënforce, v., and cf. Ranforce, Reinforce.] +Something which reënforces or strengthens. Specifically: (a) That part +of a cannon near the breech which is thicker than the rest of the +piece, so as better to resist the force of the exploding powder. See +Illust. of Cannon. (b) An additional thickness of canvas, cloth, or the +like, around an eyelet, buttonhole, etc. + +Re`ën*force"ment (r?`?n*f?rs"ment), n. 1. The act of reënforcing, or +the state of being reënforced. + +2. That which reënforces; additional force; especially, additional +troops or force to augment the strength of any army, or ships to +strengthen a navy or fleet. + +Re`ën*gage" (-g?j), v. t. & i. To engage a second time or again. + +Re`ën*gage"ment (-ment), n. A renewed or repeated engagement. + +Re`ën*grave" (-gr?v"), v. t. To engrave anew. + +Re`ën*joy" (-joi"), v. i. To enjoy anew. Pope. + +Re`ën*joy"ment (-ment), n. Renewed enjoyment. + +Re`ën*kin"dle (-k?n"d'l), v. t. To enkindle again. + +Re`ën*list" (-l?st"), v. t. & i. To enlist again. + +Re`ën*list"ment (-ment), n. A renewed enlistment. + +Re`ën*slave" (-sl?v"), v. t. To enslave again. + +Re*ën"ter (r?*?n"t?r), v. t. 1. To enter again. + +2. (Engraving) To cut deeper, as engraved lines on a plate of metal, +when the engraving has not been deep enough, or the plate has become +worn in printing. + +Re*ën"ter, v. i. To enter anew or again. + +Reëntering angle, an angle of a polygon pointing inward, as a, in the +cut. -- Reëntering polygon, a polygon having one or more reëntering +angles. + +Re*ën"ter*ing, n. (Calico Printing.) The process of applying additional +colors, by applications of printing blocks, to patterns already partly +colored. + +Re`ën*throne" (-thr?n"), v. t. To enthrone again; to replace on a +throne. + +Re`ën*throne"ment (-ment), n. A second enthroning. + +Re*ën"trance (r?*?n"trans), n. The act entereing again; re&?;ntry. +Hooker. + +Re*ën"trant (-trant), a. Reëntering; pointing or directed inwardds; as, +a re&?;ntrant angle. + +Re*ën"try (-tr?), n. 1. A second or new entry; as, a reëntry into +public life. + +2. (Law) A resuming or retaking possession of what one has lately +foregone; -- applied especially to land; the entry by a lessor upon the +premises leased, on failure of the tenant to pay rent or perform the +covenants in the lease. Burrill. + +Card of reëtry, (Whist), a card that by winning a trick will bring one +the lead at an advanced period of the hand. + +Re`ë*rect" (r?`?*r?kt"), v. t. To erect again. + +Reer"mouse` (r?r"mous`), n. (Zoöl.) See Rearmouse. + +Re`ës*tab"lish (r?`?s*t?b"l?sh), v. t. To establish anew; to fix or +confirm again; to restore; as, to reëstablish a covenant; to +reëstablish health. + +Re`ës*tab"lish*er (-?r), n. One who establishes again. + +Re`ës*tab"lish*ment (-mnt), n. The act reëstablishing; the state of +being reëstablished. Addison. + +Re`ës*tate" (-t?t), v. t. To reëstablish. [Obs.] Walis. + +Reeve (r?v), n. (Zoöl.) The female of the ruff. + +Reeve, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rove (r?v); p. pr. & vb. n. Reeving.] [Cf. +D. reven. See Reef, n. & v. t.] (Naut.) To pass, as the end of a pope, +through any hole in a block, thimble, cleat, ringbolt, cringle, or the +like. + +Reeve, n. [OE. reve, AS. ger&?;fa. Cf. Sheriff.] an officer, steward, +bailiff, or governor; -- used chiefly in compounds; as, shirereeve, now +written sheriff; portreeve, etc. Chaucer. Piers Plowman. + +Re`ëx*am"i*na*ble (r?`?gz*?m"?*n?*b'l), a. Admitting of being +reëxamined or reconsidered. Story. + +Re`ëx*am`i*na"tion (-?*n?"sh?n), n. A repeated examination. See under +Examination. + +Re`ëx*am"ine (--?n), v. t. To examine anew. Hooker. + +Re`ëx*change" (r?`?ks*ch?nj"), v. t. To exchange anew; to reverse (a +previous exchange). + +Re`ëx*change" n. 1. A renewed exchange; a reversal of an exchange. + +2. (Com.) The expense chargeable on a bill of exchange or draft which +has been dishonored in a foreign country, and returned to the country +in which it was made or indorsed, and then taken up. Bouvier. + + The rate of reëxchange is regulated with respect to the drawer, at + the course of exchange between the place where the bill of exchange + was payable, and the place where it was drawn. Reëxchange can not + be cumulated. + + +Walsh. + +Re`ëx*hib"it (r?`?gz*?b"?t or -?ks*h?b"?t), v. t. To exhibit again. + +Re`ëx*pel" (r?`?ks*p?l"), v. t. To expel again. + +Re`ëx*pe"ri*ence (-p?`r?-ens), n. A renewed or repeated experience. + +Re`ëx*port" (-p?rt"), v. t. To export again, as what has been imported. + +Re*ëx"port (r?*?ks"p?rt), n. Any commodity reëxported; -- chiefly in +the plural. + +Re*ëx`por*ta"tion (-p?r*t?"sh?n), n. The act of reëxporting, or of +exporting an import. A. Smith. + +Re`ëx*pul"sion (r?`?ks*p?l"sh?n), n. Renewed or repeated expulsion. +Fuller. + +Reezed (rzd), a. Grown rank; rancid; rusty. [Obs.] "Reezed bacon." +Marston. + +Re*fac"tion (r?*f?k"sh?n), n. [See Refection.] Recompense; atonement; +retribution. [Obs.] Howell. + +Re*far" (r?*f?r"), v. t. [Cf. F. refaire to do over again.] To go over +again; to repeat. [Obs.] + + To him therefore this wonder done refar. + + +Fairfax. + +Re*fash"ion (r?*f?sh"?n), v. t. To fashion anew; to form or mold into +shape a second time. MacKnight. + +Re*fash"ion*ment (-ment), n. The act of refashioning, or the state of +being refashioned. [R.] Leigh Hunt. + +Re*fas"ten (r?*f?s"'n), v. t. To fasten again. + +Re*fect" (r?*f?kt), v. t. [L. refectus, p. p. of reficere; pref. re- +re- + facere to make.] To restore after hunger or fatigue; to refresh. +[Archaic] Sir T. Browne. + +Re*fec"tion (r?*f?k"sh?n), n. [L. refectio: cf. F. réfection. See +Refect, Fact.] Refreshment after hunger or fatigue; a repast; a lunch. + + [His] feeble spirit inly felt refection. + + +Spenser. + + Those Attic nights, and those refections of the gods. + + +Curran. + +Re*fec"tive (r?*f?k"t?v), a. Refreshing; restoring. + +Re*fec"tive, n. That which refreshes. + +Re*fec"to*ry (-t*r), n.; pl.; Refectories (-r&?;z). [LL. refectorium: +cf. F. réfectoire. See Refection.] A room for refreshment; originally, +a dining hall in monasteries or convents. + +Sometimes pronounced rf"k*t*r, especially when signifying the eating +room in monasteries. + +Re*fel" (r?*f?l"), v. t. [L. refellere; pref. re- re- + fallere to +deceive.] To refute; to disprove; as, to refel the tricks of a +sophister. [Obs.] + + How he refelled me, and how I replied. + + +Shak. + +Re*fer" (r*fr"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Referred (-frd); p. pr. & vb. n. +Referring.] [F. référer, L. referre; pref. re- re- + ferre to bear. See +Bear to carry.] 1. To carry or send back. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +2. Hence: To send or direct away; to send or direct elsewhere, as for +treatment, aid, information, decision, etc.; to make over, or pass +over, to another; as, to refer a student to an author; to refer a +beggar to an officer; to refer a bill to a committee; a court refers a +matter of fact to a commissioner for investigation, or refers a +question of law to a superior tribunal. + +3. To place in or under by a mental or rational process; to assign to, +as a class, a cause, source, a motive, reason, or ground of +explanation; as, he referred the phenomena to electrical disturbances. + +To refer one's self, to have recourse; to betake one's self; to make +application; to appeal. [Obs.] + + I'll refer me to all things sense. + + +Shak. + +Re*fer", v. i. 1. To have recourse; to apply; to appeal; to betake +one's self; as, to refer to a dictionary. + + In suits . . . it is to refer to some friend of trust. + + +Bacon. + +2. To have relation or reference; to relate; to point; as, the figure +refers to a footnote. + + Of those places that refer to the shutting and opening the abyss, I + take notice of that in Job. + + +Bp. Burnet. + +3. To carry the mind or thought; to direct attention; as, the preacher +referred to the late election. + +4. To direct inquiry for information or a guarantee of any kind, as in +respect to one's integrity, capacity, pecuniary ability, and the like; +as, I referred to his employer for the truth of his story. + +Syn. -- To allude; advert; suggest; appeal. Refer, Allude, Advert. We +refer to a thing by specifically and distinctly introducing it into our +discourse. We allude to it by introducing it indirectly or +indefinitely, as by something collaterally allied to it. We advert to +it by turning off somewhat abruptly to consider it more at large. Thus, +Macaulay refers to the early condition of England at the opening of his +history; he alludes to these statements from time to time; and adverts, +in the progress of his work, to various circumstances of peculiar +interest, on which for a time he dwells. "But to do good is . . . that +that Solomon chiefly refers to in the text." Sharp. "This, I doubt not, +was that artificial structure here alluded to." T. Burnet. + + Now to the universal whole advert: The earth regard as of that + whole a part. + + +Blackmore. + +Ref"er*a*ble (r?f"?r*?*b'l), a. Capable of being referred, or +considered in relation to something else; assignable; ascribable. +[Written also referrible.] + + It is a question among philosophers, whether all the attractions + which obtain between bodies are referable to one general cause. + + +W. Nicholson. + +Ref`er*ee" (-&?;), n. One to whom a thing is referred; a person to whom +a matter in dispute has been referred, in order that he may settle it. + +Syn. -- Judge; arbitrator; umpire. See Judge. + +Ref"er*ence (r?f"?r-ens), n. [See Refer.] 1. The act of referring, or +the state of being referred; as, reference to a chart for guidance. + +2. That which refers to something; a specific direction of the +attention; as, a reference in a text- book. + +3. Relation; regard; respect. + + Something that hath a reference to my state. + + +Shak. + +4. One who, or that which, is referred to. Specifically; (a) One of +whom inquires can be made as to the integrity, capacity, and the like, +of another. (b) A work, or a passage in a work, to which one is +referred. + +5. (Law) (a) The act of submitting a matter in dispute to the judgment +of one or more persons for decision. (b) (Equity) The process of +sending any matter, for inquiry in a cause, to a master or other +officer, in order that he may ascertain facts and report to the court. + +6. Appeal. [R.] "Make your full reference." Shak. + +Reference Bible, a Bible in which brief explanations, and references to +parallel passages, are printed in the margin of the text. + +Ref`er*en"da*ry (r?f`?r*?n"d?*r?), n. [LL. referendarius, fr. L. +referendus to be referred, gerundive of referre: cf. F. référendaire. +See Refer.] 1. One to whose decision a cause is referred; a referee. +[Obs.] Bacon. + +2. An officer who delivered the royal answer to petitions. +"Referendaries, or masters of request." Harmar. + +3. Formerly, an officer of state charged with the duty of procuring and +dispatching diplomas and decrees. + +||Ref`er*en"dum (r?f`?r*?n"d?m), n. [Gerundive fr. L. referre. See +||Refer.] 1. A diplomatic agent's note asking for instructions from his +||government concerning a particular matter or point. + +2. The right to approve or reject by popular vote a meassure passed +upon by a legislature. + +Ref`er*en"tial (-shal), a. Containing a reference; pointing to +something out of itself; as, notes for referential use. -- +Ref`er*en"tial*ly, adv. + +Re*fer"ment (r?*f?r"ment), n. The act of referring; reference. Laud. + +<! p. 1207 !> + +Re`-fer*ment" (r&?;`f&?;r*m&?;nt"), v. t. & i. To ferment, or cause to +ferment, again. Blackmore. + +Re*fer"rer (r?*f?r"r?r), n. One who refers. + +Re*fer"ri*ble (-r?*b'l), a. Referable. Hallam. + +Re*fig"ure (r?*f?g"?r), v. t. To figure again. Shak. + +Re*fill" (r?*f?l"), v. t. & i. To fill, or become full, again. + +Re*find" (r?*f?nd), v. t. To find again; to get or experience again. +Sandys. + +Re*fine" (r?*f?n"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Refined (-find"); p. pr. & vb. +n. Refining.] [Pref. re- + fine to make fine: cf. F. raffiner.] 1. To +reduce to a fine, unmixed, or pure state; to free from impurities; to +free from dross or alloy; to separate from extraneous matter; to +purify; to defecate; as, to refine gold or silver; to refine iron; to +refine wine or sugar. + + I will bring the third part through the fire, and will refine them + as silver is refined. + + +Zech. xiii. 9. + +2. To purify from what is gross, coarse, vulgar, inelegant, low, and +the like; to make elegant or exellent; to polish; as, to refine the +manners, the language, the style, the taste, the intellect, or the +moral feelings. + + Love refines The thoughts, and heart enlarges. + + +Milton. + +Syn. -- To purify; clarify; polish; ennoble. + +Re*fine", v. i. 1. To become pure; to be cleared of feculent matter. + + So the pure, limpid stream, when foul with stains, Works itself + clear, and, as it runs, refines. + + +Addison. + +2. To improve in accuracy, delicacy, or excellence. + + Chaucer refined on Boccace, and mended his stories. + + +Dryden. + + But let a lord once own the happy lines, How the wit brightens! How + the style refines! + + +Pope. + +3. To affect nicety or subtilty in thought or language. "He makes +another paragraph about our refining in controversy." Atterbury. + +Re*fined" (-f?nd"), a. Freed from impurities or alloy; purifed; +polished; cultured; delicate; as; refined gold; refined language; +refined sentiments. + + Refined wits who honored poesy with their pens. + + +Peacham. + +-- Re*fin"ed*ly (r&?;*f&?;n"&?;d*l&?;), adv. -- Re*fin"ed*ness, n. + +Re*fine"ment (r?*f?n"ment), n. [Cf. F. raffinement.] 1. The act of +refining, or the state of being refined; as, the refinement or metals; +refinement of ideas. + + The more bodies are of kin to spirit in subtilty and refinement, + the more diffusive are they. + + +Norris. + + From the civil war to this time, I doubt whether the corruptions in + our language have not equaled its refinements. + + +Swift. + +2. That which is refined, elaborated, or polished to excess; an +affected subtilty; as, refinements of logic. "The refinements of +irregular cunning." Rogers. + +Syn. -- Purification; polish; politeness; gentility; elegance; +cultivation; civilization. + +Re*fin"er (-f?n"?r), n. One who, or that which, refines. + +Re*fin"er*y (-?), n.; pl. Refineries (-&?;z). [Cf. F. raffinerie.] 1. +The building and apparatus for refining or purifying, esp. metals and +sugar. + +2. A furnace in which cast iron is refined by the action of a blast on +the molten metal. + +Re*fit" (r?*f?t"), v. t. 1. To fit or prepare for use again; to repair; +to restore after damage or decay; as, to refit a garment; to refit +ships of war. Macaulay. + +2. To fit out or supply a second time. + +Re*fit", v. i. To obtain repairs or supplies; as, the fleet returned to +refit. + +Re*fit"ment (-ment), n. The act of refitting, or the state of being +refitted. + +Re*fix" (r?*f?ks"), v. t. To fix again or anew; to establish anew. +Fuller. + +Re*flame" (r?*fl?m"), v. i. To kindle again into flame. + +Re*flect" (r?*fl?kt"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reflected; p. pr. & vb. n. +Reflecting.] [L. reflectere, reflexum; pref. re- re- + flectere to bend +or turn. See Flexible, and cf. Reflex, v.] 1. To bend back; to give a +backwa&?;d turn to; to throw back; especially, to cause to return after +striking upon any surface; as, a mirror reflects rays of light; +polished metals reflect heat. + + Let me mind the reader to reflect his eye on our quotations. + + +Fuller. + + Bodies close together reflect their own color. + + +Dryden. + +2. To give back an image or likeness of; to mirror. + + Nature is the glass reflecting God, As by the sea reflected is the + sun. + + +Young. + +Re*flect" v. i. 1. To throw back light, heat, or the like; to return +rays or beams. + +2. To be sent back; to rebound as from a surface; to revert; to return. + + Whose virtues will, I hope, Reflect on Rome, as Titan's rays on + earth. + + +Shak. + +3. To throw or turn back the thoughts upon anything; to contemplate. +Specifically: To attend earnestly to what passes within the mind; to +attend to the facts or phenomena of consciousness; to use attention or +earnest thought; to meditate; especially, to think in relation to moral +truth or rules. + + We can not be said to reflect upon any external object, except so + far as that object has been previously perceived, and its image + become part and parcel of our intellectual furniture. + + +Sir W. Hamilton. + + All men are concious of the operations of their own minds, at all + times, while they are awake, but there few who reflect upon them, + or make them objects of thought. + + +Reid. + + As I much reflected, much I mourned. + + +Prior. + +4. To cast reproach; to cause censure or dishonor. + + Errors of wives reflect on husbands still. + + +Dryden. + + Neither do I reflect in the least upon the memory of his late + majesty. + + +Swift. + +Syn. -- To consider; think; cogitate; mediate; contemplate; ponder; +muse; ruminate. + +Re*flect"ed, a. 1. Thrown back after striking a surface; as, reflected +light, heat, sound, etc. + +2. Hence: Not one's own; received from another; as, his glory was +reflected glory. + +3. Bent backward or outward; reflexed. + +Re*flect"ent (r?*fl?kt"ent), a. [L. reflectens, p. pr. of reflectere. +See Reflect.] 1. Bending or flying back; reflected. "The ray +descendent, and the ray reflectent flying with so great a speed." Sir +K. Digby. + +2. Reflecting; as, a reflectent body. Sir K. Digby. + +Re*flect"i*ble (-?*b'l), a. Capable of being reflected, or thrown back; +reflexible. + +Re*flect"ing, a. 1. Throwing back light, heat, etc., as a mirror or +other surface. + +2. Given to reflection or serious consideration; reflective; +contemplative; as, a reflecting mind. + +Reflecting circle, an astronomical instrument for measuring angless, +like the sextant or Hadley's quadrant, by the reflection of light from +two plane mirrors which it carries, and differing from the sextant +chiefly in having an entire circle. -- Reflecting galvanometer, a +galvanometer in which the deflections of the needle are read by means +of a mirror attached to it, which reflects a ray of light or the image +of a scale; -- called also mirror galvanometer. -- Reflecting +goniometer. See under Goniometer. -- Reflecting telescope. See under +Telescope. + +Re*flect"ing*ly, adv. With reflection; also, with censure; +reproachfully. Swift. + +Re*flec"tion (r?*fl?k"sh?n), n. [L. reflexio: cf. F. réflexion. See +Riflect.] [Written also reflexion.] 1. The act of reflecting, or +turning or sending back, or the state of being reflected. Specifically: +(a) The return of rays, beams, sound, or the like, from a surface. See +Angle of reflection, below. + + The eye sees not itself, But by reflection, by some other things. + + +Shak. + +(b) The reverting of the mind to that which has already occupied it; +continued consideration; meditation; contemplation; hence, also, that +operation or power of the mind by which it is conscious of its own acts +or states; the capacity for judging rationally, especially in view of a +moral rule or standard. + + By reflection, . . . I would be understood to mean, that notice + which the mind takes of its own operations, and the manner of them, + by reason whereof there come to be ideas of these operations in the + understanding. + + +Locke. + + This delight grows and improves under thought and reflection. + + +South. + +2. Shining; brightness, as of the sun. [Obs.] Shak. + +3. That which is produced by reflection. Specifically: (a) An image +given back from a reflecting surface; a reflected counterpart. + + As the sun water we can bear, Yet not the sun, but his reflection, + there. + + +Dryden. + +(b) A part reflected, or turned back, at an angle; as, the reflection +of a membrane. (c) Result of meditation; thought or opinion after +attentive consideration or contemplation; especially, thoughts +suggested by truth. + + Job's reflections on his once flourishing estate did at the same + time afflict and encourage him. + + +Atterbury. + +4. Censure; reproach cast. + + He died; and oh! may no reflection shed Its poisonous venom on the + royal dead. + + +Prior. + +5. (Physiol.) The transference of an excitement from one nerve fiber to +another by means of the nerve cells, as in reflex action. See Reflex +action, under Reflex. + +Angle of reflection, the angle which anything, as a ray of light, on +leaving a reflecting surface, makes with the perpendicular to the +surface. -- Angle of total reflection. (Opt.) Same as Critical angle, +under Critical. + +Syn. -- Meditation; contemplation; rumination; cogitation; +consideration; musing; thinking. + +Re*flect"ive (r?*fl?kt"?v), a. [Cf. F. réflectif. Cf. Reflexive.] 1. +Throwing back images; as, a reflective mirror. + + In the reflective stream the sighing bride, viewing her charms. + + +Prior. + +2. Capable of exercising thought or judgment; as, reflective reason. +Prior. + + His perceptive and reflective faculties . . . thus acquired a + precocious and extraordinary development. + + +Motley. + +3. Addicted to introspective or meditative habits; as, a reflective +person. + +4. (Gram.) Reflexive; reciprocal. + +-- Re*flect"ive*ly, adv. -- Re*flect"ive*ness, n. "Reflectiveness of +manner." J. C. Shairp. + +Re*flect"or (-r), n. [Cf. F. réflecteur.] 1. One who, or that which, +reflects. Boyle. + +2. (Physics) (a) Something having a polished surface for reflecting +light or heat, as a mirror, a speculum, etc. (b) A reflecting +telescope. (c) A device for reflecting sound. + +Re"flex (r?"fl?ks), a. [L. reflexus, p. p. of reflectere: cf. F. +réflexe. See Reflect.] 1. Directed back; attended by reflection; +retroactive; introspective. + + The reflex act of the soul, or the turning of the intellectual eye + inward upon its own actions. + + +Sir M. Hale. + +2. Produced in reaction, in resistance, or in return. + +3. (Physiol.) Of, pertaining to, or produced by, stimulus or excitation +without the necessary intervention of consciousness. + +Reflex action (Physiol.), any action performed involuntarily in +consequence of an impulse or impression transmitted along afferent +nerves to a nerve center, from which it is reflected to an efferent +nerve, and so calls into action certain muscles, organs, or cells. -- +Reflex nerve (Physiol.), an excito-motory nerve. See Exito- motory. + +Re"flex (r?"fl?ks; formerly r?*fl?ks"), n. [L. reflexus a bending back. +See Reflect.] 1. Reflection; the light reflected from an illuminated +surface to one in shade. + + Yon gray is not the morning's eye, 'Tis but the pale reflex of + Cynthia's brow. + + +Shak. + + On the depths of death there swims The reflex of a human face. + + +Tennyson. + +2. (Physiol.) An involuntary movement produced by reflex action. + +Patellar reflex. See Knee jerk, under Knee. + +Re*flex" (r?*fl?ks"), v. t. [L. reflexus, p. p. of reflectere. See +Reflect.] 1. To reflect. [Obs.] Shak. + +2. To bend back; to turn back. J. Gregory. + +Re*flexed" (r?*fl?kst"), a. Bent backward or outward. + +Re*flex`i*bil"i*ty (r?*fl?ks`?*b?l"?*t?), n. [Cf. F. réflexibilité.] +The quality or capability of being reflexible; as, the reflexibility of +the rays of light. Sir I. Newton. + +Re*flex"i*ble (r?*fl?ks"?*b'l), a. [CF. F. réflexible.] Capable of +being reflected, or thrown back. + + The light of the sun consists of rays differently refrangible and + reflexible. + + +Cheyne. + +Re*flex"ion (-fl?k"sh?n), n. See Reflection. Chaucer. + +Re*flex"i*ty (r?*fl?ks"?*t?), n. The state or condition of being +reflected. [R.] + +Re*flex"ive (-?v), a. 1. [Cf. F. réflexif.] Bending or turned backward; +reflective; having respect to something past. + + Assurance reflexive can not be a divine faith. + + +Hammond. + +2. Implying censure. [Obs.] "What man does not resent an ugly reflexive +word?" South. + +3. (Gram.) Having for its direct object a pronoun which refers to the +agent or subject as its antecedent; -- said of certain verbs; as, the +witness perjured himself; I bethought myself. Applied also to pronouns +of this class; reciprocal; reflective. + +-- Re*flex"ive*ly, adv. -- Re*flex"ive*ness, n. + +Re*flex"ly, adv. In a reflex manner; reflectively. + +Re"float (r?"fl?t), n. Reflux; ebb. [Obs.] Bacon. + +Re`flo*res"cence (r?`fl?*r?s"sens), n. (Bot.) A blossoming anew of a +plant after it has apparently ceased blossoming for the season. + +Re*flour"ish (r?*fl?r"?sh), v. t. & i. To flourish again. + +Re*flow" (r?*fl?"), v. i. To flow back; to ebb. + +Re*flow"er (r*flou"r), v. i. & t. To flower, or cause to flower, again. +Sylvester. + +Re*fluc`tu*a"tion (r?*fl?k`t?*?"sh?n; 135), n. A flowing back; +refluence. + +{ Ref"lu*ence (r?f"l?-ens), Ref"lu*en*cy (-en*s?), } n. The quality of +being refluent; a flowing back. + +Ref"lu*ent (-ent), a. [L. refluens, p. pr. of refluere to flow back; +pref. re- re- + fluere to flow. See Flurent.] Flowing back; returning; +ebbing. Cowper. + + And refluent through the pass of fear The battle's tide was poured. + + +Sir W. Scott. + +Ref"lu*eus (-?s), a. [L. refluus.] Refluent. [Obs.] + +Re"flux` (r?"fl?ks`), a. Returning, or flowing back; reflex; as, reflux +action. + +Re"flux`, n. [F. reflux. See Refluent, Flux.] A flowing back, as the +return of a fluid; ebb; reaction; as, the flux and reflux of the tides. + + All from me Shall with a fierce reflux on me redound. + + +Milton. + +Re*foc"il*late (r?*f?s"?l*l?t), v. t. [L. refocillatus, p. p. of +refocillare; pref. re- re- + focillare to revive by warmth.] To +refresh; to revive. [Obs.] Aubrey. + +Re*foc`il*la"tion (-l?"sh?n), n. Restoration of strength by +refreshment. [Obs.] Middleton. + +Re*fold" (r?*f?ld"), v. t. To fold again. + +Re`fo*ment" (r?`f?*m?nt"), v. t. To foment anew. + +Re*for`est*i*za`tion (r?*f?r`?st*?*z?"sh?n), n. The act or process of +reforestizing. + +Re*for"est*ize (r?*f?r"?st*?z), v. t. To convert again into a forest; +to plant again with trees. + +Re*forge" (r?*f?rj"), v. t. [Pref. re- + forge: cf. F. reforger.] To +forge again or anew; hence, to fashion or fabricate anew; to make over. +Udall. + +Re*for"ger (r?*f?r"j?r), n. One who reforges. + +Re*form" (r?*f?rm"), v. t. [F. réformer, L. reformare; pref. re- re- + +formare to form, from forma form. See Form.] To put into a new and +improved form or condition; to restore to a former good state, or bring +from bad to good; to change from worse to better; to amend; to correct; +as, to reform a profligate man; to reform corrupt manners or morals. + + The example alone of a vicious prince will corrupt an age; but that + of a good one will not reform it. + + +Swift. + +Syn. -- To amend; correct; emend; rectify; mend; repair; better; +improve; restore; reclaim. + +Re*form", v. i. To return to a good state; to amend or correct one's +own character or habits; as, a man of settled habits of vice will +seldom reform. + +Re*form", n. [F. réforme.] Amendment of what is defective, vicious, +corrupt, or depraved; reformation; as, reform of elections; reform of +government. + +Civil service reform. See under Civil. -- Reform acts (Eng. Politics), +acts of Parliament passed in 1832, 1867, 1884, 1885, extending and +equalizing popular representation in Parliament. -- Reform school, a +school established by a state or city government, for the confinement, +instruction, and reformation of juvenile offenders, and of young +persons of idle, vicious, and vagrant habits. [U. S.] + +Syn. -- Reformation; amendment; rectification; correction. See +Reformation. + +Re-form" (r?*f?rm"), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Re-formed (-f?rmd"); p. +pr. & vb. n. Re-forming.] To give a new form to; to form anew; to take +form again, or to take a new form; as, to re- form the line after a +charge. + +Re*form"a*ble (r?*f?rm"?*b'l), a. Capable of being reformed. Foxe. + +Ref`or*made" (r?f`?r*m?d"), n. A reformado. [Obs.] + +Ref`or*ma"do (-m?"d?), n. [Sp., fr. reformar, L. reformare. SEe Reform, +v. t.] 1. A monk of a reformed order. [Obs.] Weever. + +2. An officer who, in disgrace, is deprived of his command, but retains +his rank, and sometimes his pay. [Obs.] + +Re*form"al*ize (r?*f?rm"al*?z), v. i. To affect reformation; to pretend +to correctness. [R.] + +Ref`or*ma"tion (r?f`?r*m?"sh?n), n. [F. réformation, L. reformatio.] 1. +The act of reforming, or the state of being reformed; change from worse +to better; correction or amendment of life, manners, or of anything +vicious or corrupt; as, the reformation of manners; reformation of the +age; reformation of abuses. + + Satire lashes vice into reformation. + + +Dryden. + +<! p. 1208 !> + +2. Specifically (Eccl. Hist.), the important religious movement +commenced by Luther early in the sixteenth century, which resulted in +the formation of the various Protestant churches. + +Syn. -- Reform; amendment; correction; rectification. -- Reformation, +Reform. Reformation is a more thorough and comprehensive change than +reform. It is applied to subjects that are more important, and results +in changes which are more lasting. A reformation involves, and is +followed by, many particular reforms. "The pagan converts mention this +great reformation of those who had been the greatest sinners, with that +sudden and surprising change which the Christian religion made in the +lives of the most profligate." Addison. "A variety of schemes, founded +in visionary and impracticable ideas of reform, were suddenly +produced." Pitt. + +Re`-for*ma"tion (r?`f?r*m?"sh?n), n. The act of forming anew; a second +forming in order; as, the reformation of a column of troops into a +hollow square. + +Re*form"a*tive (r?*f?rm"?*t?v), a. Forming again; having the quality of +renewing form; reformatory. Good. + +Re*form"a*to*ry (-t?*r?), a. Tending to produce reformation; +reformative. + +Re*form"a*to*ry, n.; pl. -ries (-r&?;z). An institution for promoting +the reformation of offenders. + + Magistrates may send juvenile offenders to reformatories instead of + to prisons. + + +Eng. Cyc. + +Re*formed" (r?*f?rmd"), a. 1. Corrected; amended; restored to purity or +excellence; said, specifically, of the whole body of Protestant +churches originating in the Reformation. Also, in a more restricted +sense, of those who separated from Luther on the doctrine of +consubstantiation, etc., and carried the Reformation, as they claimed, +to a higher point. The Protestant churches founded by them in +Switzerland, France, Holland, and part of Germany, were called the +Reformed churches. + + The town was one of the strongholds of the Reformed faith. + + +Macaulay. + +2. Amended in character and life; as, a reformed gambler or drunkard. + +3. (Mil.) Retained in service on half or full pay after the disbandment +of the company or troop; -- said of an officer. [Eng.] + +Re*form"er (r?*f?rm"?r), n. 1. One who effects a reformation or +amendment; one who labors for, or urges, reform; as, a reformer of +manners, or of abuses. + +2. (Eccl.Hist.) One of those who commenced the reformation of religion +in the sixteenth century, as Luther, Melanchthon, Zwingli, and Calvin. + +Re*form"ist, n. [Cf. F. réformiste.] A reformer. + +Re*form"ly, adv. In the manner of a reform; for the purpose of reform. +[Obs.] Milton. + +Re*for`ti*fi*ca"tion (r?*f?r`t?*f?*k?"sh?n), n. A fortifying anew, or a +second time. Mitford. + +Re*for"ti*fy (r?*f?r"t?*f?), v. t. To fortify anew. + +Re*fos"sion (r?*f?sh"?n), n. [L. refodere, refossum, to dig up again. +See Fosse.] The act of digging up again. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. + +Re*found" (r?*found"), v. t. [Pref. re- + found to cast; cf. F. +refondare. Cf. Refund.] 1. To found or cast anew. "Ancient bells +refounded." T. Warton. + +2. To found or establish again; to re&?;stablish. + +Re*found", imp. & p. p. of Refind, v. t. + +Re*found"er (-?r), n. One who refounds. + +Re*fract" (r?*fr$kt"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Refracted; p. pr. & vb. n. +Refracting.] [L. refractus, p. p. of refringere; pref. re- re- + +frangere to break: cf. F. réfracter. SEe FRacture, and cf. Refrain, n.] +1. To bend sharply and abruptly back; to break off. + +2. To break the natural course of, as rays of light orr heat, when +passing from one transparent medium to another of different density; to +cause to deviate from a direct course by an action distinct from +reflection; as, a dense medium refrcts the rays of light as they pass +into it from a rare medium. + +Re*fract"a*ble (-?*b'l), a. Capable of being refracted. + +Re*fract"ed, a. 1. (Bot. & Zoöl.) Bent backward angularly, as if half- +broken; as, a refracted stem or leaf. + +2. Turned from a direct course by refraction; as, refracted rays of +light. + +Re*fract"ing, a. Serving or tending to refract; as, a refracting +medium. + +Refracting angle of a prism (Opt.), the angle of a triangular prism +included between the two sides through which the refracted beam passes +in the decomposition of light. -- Refracting telescope. (Opt.) See +under Telescope. + +Re*frac"tion (r?*fr?k"sh?n), n. [F. réfraction.] 1. The act of +refracting, or the state of being refracted. + +2. The change in the direction of ray of light, heat, or the like, when +it enters obliquely a medium of a different density from that through +which it has previously moved. + + Refraction out of the rarer medium into the denser, is made towards + the perpendicular. + + +Sir I. Newton. + +3. (Astron.) (a) The change in the direction of a ray of light, and, +consequently, in the apparent position of a heavenly body from which it +emanates, arising from its passage through the earth's atmosphere; -- +hence distinguished as atmospheric refraction, or astronomical +refraction. (b) The correction which is to be deducted from the +apparent altitude of a heavenly body on account of atmospheric +refraction, in order to obtain the true altitude. + +Angle of refraction (Opt.), the angle which a refracted ray makes with +the perpendicular to the surface separating the two media traversed by +the ray. -- Conical refraction (Opt.), the refraction of a ray of light +into an infinite number of rays, forming a hollow cone. This occurs +when a ray of light is passed through crystals of some substances, +under certain circumstances. Conical refraction is of two kinds; +external conical refraction, in which the ray issues from the crystal +in the form of a cone, the vertex of which is at the point of +emergence; and internal conical refraction, in which the ray is changed +into the form of a cone on entering the crystal, from which it issues +in the form of a hollow cylinder. This singular phenomenon was first +discovered by Sir W. R. Hamilton by mathematical reasoning alone, +unaided by experiment. -- Differential refraction (Astron.), the change +of the apparent place of one object relative to a second object near +it, due to refraction; also, the correction required to be made to the +observed relative places of the two bodies. -- Double refraction +(Opt.), the refraction of light in two directions, which produces two +distinct images. The power of double refraction is possessed by all +crystals except those of the isometric system. A uniaxial crystal is +said to be optically positive (like quartz), or optically negative +(like calcite), or to have positive, or negative, double refraction, +according as the optic axis is the axis of least or greatest elasticity +for light; a biaxial crystal is similarly designated when the same +relation holds for the acute bisectrix. -- Index of refraction. See +under Index. -- Refraction circle (Opt.), an instrument provided with a +graduated circle for the measurement of refraction. -- Refraction of +latitude, longitude, declination, right ascension, etc., the change in +the apparent latitude, longitude, etc., of a heavenly body, due to the +effect of atmospheric refraction. -- Terrestrial refraction, the change +in the apparent altitude of a distant point on or near the earth's +surface, as the top of a mountain, arising from the passage of light +from it to the eye through atmospheric strata of varying density. + +Re*fract"ive (r?*fr?kt"?v), a. [Cf. F. réfractif. See Refract.] Serving +or having power to refract, or turn from a direct course; pertaining to +refraction; as, refractive surfaces; refractive powers. + +Refractive index. (Opt.) See Index of refraction, under Index. -- +Absolute refractive index (Opt.), the index of refraction of a +substances when the ray passes into it from a vacuum. -- Relative +refractive index (of two media) (Opt.), the ratio of the sine of the +angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction for a ray +passing out of one of the media into the other. + +Re*fract"ive*ness, n. The quality or condition of being refractive. + +Re`frac*tom"e*ter (r?`fr?k*t?m"?*t?r), n. [Refraction + -meter.] (Opt.) +A contrivance for exhibiting and measuring the refraction of light. + +Re*fract"or (r&?;-fr&?;kt"&?;r), n. Anything that refracts; +specifically: (Opt.) A refracting telescope, in which the image to be +viewed is formed by the refraction of light in passing through a convex +lens. + +Re*frac"to*ri*ly (r?*fr?k"t?*r?*l?), adv. In a refractory manner; +perversely; obstinately. + +Re*frac"to*ri*ness, n. The quality or condition of being refractory. + +Re*frac"to*ry (-r?), a. [L. refractorius, fr. refringere: cf. F. +refractaire. See Refract.] 1. Obstinate in disobedience; contumacious; +stubborn; unmanageable; as, a refractory child; a refractory beast. + + Raging appetites that are Most disobedient and refractory. + + +Shak. + +2. Resisting ordinary treatment; difficult of fusion, reduction, or the +like; -- said especially of metals and the like, which do not readily +yield to heat, or to the hammer; as, a refractory ore. + +Syn. -- Perverse; contumacious; unruly; stubborn; obstinate; +unyielding; ungovernable; unmanageable. + +Re*frac"to*ry, n. 1. A refractory person. Bp. Hall. + +2. Refractoriness. [Obs.] Jer. TAylor. + +3. OPottery) A piece of ware covered with a vaporable flux and placed +in a kiln, to communicate a glaze to the other articles. Knight. + +Re*frac"ture (r?*fr?k"t?r;135), n. (Surg.) A second breaking (as of a +badly set bone) by the surgeon. + +Re*frac"ture, v. t. (Surg.) To break again, as a bone. + +Ref"ra*ga*ble (r?f"r?*g?*b'l), a. [LL. refragabilis, fr. L. refragari +to oppose.] Capable of being refuted; refutable. [R.] -- +Ref"ra*ga*ble*ness, n. [R.] -- Ref`ra*ga*bil"i*ty (-b&?;l`&?;*t&?;), n. +[R.] + +Ref"ra*gate (-g?t), v. i. [L. refragatus, p. p. of refragor.] To +oppose. [R.] Glanvill. + +Re*frain" (r?*fr?n"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Refrained (-fr?nd"); p. pr. & +vb/ n. Refraining.] [OE. refreinen, OF. refrener, F. refr&?;ner, fr. L. +refrenare; influenced by OF. refraindre to restrain, moderate, fr. LL. +refrangere, for L. refringere to break up, break (see Refract). L. +refrenare is fr. pref. re- back + frenum bridle; cf. Skr. dh&?; to +hold.] 1. To hold back; to restrain; to keep within prescribed bounds; +to curb; to govern. + + His reson refraineth not his foul delight or talent. + + +Chaucer. + + Refrain thy foot from their path. + + +Prov. i. 15. + +2. To abstain from [Obs.] + + Who, requiring a remedy for his gout, received no other counsel + than to refrain cold drink. + + +Sir T. Browne. + +Re*frain", v. i. To keep one's self from action or interference; to +hold aloof; to forbear; to abstain. + + Refrain from these men, and let them alone. + + +Acts v. 38. + + They refrained therefrom [eating flesh] some time after. + + +Sir T. Browne. + +Syn. -- To hold back; forbear; abstain; withhold. + +Re*frain", n. [F. refrain, fr. OF. refraindre; cf. Pr. refranhs a +refrain, refranher to repeat. See Refract,Refrain, v.] The burden of a +song; a phrase or verse which recurs at the end of each of the separate +stanzas or divisions of a poetic composition. + + We hear the wild refrain. + + +Whittier. + +Re*frain"er (r?*fr?n"?r), n. One who refrains. + +Re*frain"ment (-ment), n. Act of refraining. [R.] + +Re*frame" (r?*fr?m), v. t. To frame again or anew. + +Re*fran`gi*bil"i*ty (r?*fr?n`j?*b?l"?*t?), n. [Cf. F. réfrangibilité.] +The quality of being refrangible. + +Re*fran"gi*ble (-fr?n"j?*b'l), a. [Cf. F. réfrangible. See Refract.] +Capable of being refracted, or turned out of a direct course, in +passing from one medium to another, as rays of light. -- +Re*fran"gi*ble*ness, n. + +Ref`re*na"tion (r?f`r?*n?"sh?n), n. [L. refrenatio. See Refrain, v. t.] +The act of refraining. [Obs.] + +Re*fresh" (r?*fr?sh"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Refreshed (-fr?sht"); p. pr. +& vb. n. Refreshing.] [OE. refreshen, refreschen, OF. refreschir (cf. +OF. rafraischir, rafreschir, F. rafra&?;chir); pref. re- re- + fres +fresh. F. frais. See Fresh, a.] 1. To make fresh again; to restore +strength, spirit, animation, or the like, to; to relieve from fatigue +or depression; to reinvigorate; to enliven anew; to reanimate; as, +sleep refreshes the body and the mind. Chaucer. + + Foer they have refreshed my spirit and yours. + + +1 Cor. xvi. 18. + + And labor shall refresh itself with hope. + + +Shak. + +2. To make as if new; to repair; to restore. + + The rest refresh the scaly snakes that fol&?; The shield of Pallas, + and renew their gold. + + +Dryden. + +To refresh the memory, to quicken or strengthen it, as by a reference, +review, memorandum, or suggestion. + +Syn. -- To cool; refrigerate; invigorate; revive; reanimate; renovate; +renew; restore; recreate; enliven; cheer. + +Re*fresh", n. The act of refreshing. [Obs.] Daniel. + +Re*fresh"er (-?r), n. 1. One who, or that which, refreshes. + +2. (Law) An extra fee paid to counsel in a case that has been adjourned +from one term to another, or that is unusually protracted. + + Ten guineas a day is the highest refresher which a counsel can + charge. + + +London Truth. + +Re*fresh"ful (-f?l), a. Full of power to refresh; refreshing. -- +Re*fresh"ful*ly, adv. + +Re*fresh"ing, a. Reviving; reanimating. -- Re*fresh"ing*ly, adv. -- +Re*fresh"ing*ness, n. + +Re*fresh"ment (-ment), n. [CF. OF. refreschissement, F. +rafraîchissement.] 1. The act of refreshing, or the state of being +refreshed; restoration of strength, spirit, vigor, or liveliness; +relief after suffering; new life or animation after depression. + +2. That which refreshes; means of restoration or reanimation; +especially, an article of food or drink. + +Re*fret" (r?*fr?t"), n. [OF. refret, L. refractus, p. p. See Refrain, +n., Refract.] Refrain. [Obs.] Bailey. + +Re*freyd" (r?*fr?d"), v. t. [OF. refreidier.] To chill; to cool. [Obs.] + + Refreyded by sickness . . . or by cold drinks. + + +Chaucer. + +Ref`ri*ca"tion (r?f`r?*k?"sh?n), n. [L. refricare to rub again.] A +rubbing up afresh; a brightening. [Obs.] + + A continual refrication of the memory. + + +Bp. Hall. + +Re*frig"er*ant (r?*fr?j"?r-ant), a. [L. refrigerans, p. pr. of +refrigerare: cf. F. réfrigérant. See Refrigerate.] Cooling; allaying +heat or fever. Bacon. + +Re*frig"er*ant, n. That which makes to be cool or cold; specifically, a +medicine or an application for allaying fever, or the symptoms of +fever; -- used also figuratively. Holland. "A refrigerant to passion." +Blair. + +Re*frig"er*ate (-t), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Refrigerated (- `td); p. pr. & +vb. n. Refrigerating.] [L. refrigeratus, p. p. of refrigerare; pref. +re- re- + frigerare to make cool, fr. frigus, frigoris, coolness. See +Frigid.] To cause to become cool; to make or keep cold or cool. + +Re*frig`er*a"tion (-?"sh?n), n. [Cf. F. réfrigération, L. +refrigeratio.] The act or process of refrigerating or cooling, or the +state of being cooled. + +Re*frig"er*a*tive (r?*fr?j"?r*?*t?v), a. [Cf. F. réfrigératif.] +Cooling; allaying heat. -- n. A refrigerant. + + Crazed brains should come under a refrigerative treatment. + + +I. Taylor. + +Re*frig"er*a`tor (-?`t?r), n. That which refrigerates or makes cold; +that which keeps cool. Specifically: (a) A box or room for keeping food +or other articles cool, usually by means of ice. (b) An apparatus for +rapidly cooling heated liquids or vapors, connected with a still, etc. + +Refrigerator car (Railroad), a freight car constructed as a +refrigerator, for the transportation of fresh meats, fish, etc., in a +temperature kept cool by ice. + +Re*frig"er*a*to*ry (-?*t?*r?), a. [L. refrigeratorius.] Mitigating +heat; cooling. + +Re*frig"er*a*to*ry, n.; pl. -ries (-fr&?;z). [CF. F. réfrigératoire.] +That which refrigerates or cools. Specifically: (a) In distillation, a +vessel filled with cold water, surrounding the worm, the vapor in which +is thereby condensed. (b) The chamber, or tank, in which ice is formed, +in an ice machine. + +||Ref`ri*ge"ri*um (r?f`r?*j?"r?*?m), n. [L.] Cooling refreshment; +||refrigeration. [Obs.] South. + +Re*frin"gen*cy (r?*fr?n"jen*s?), n. The power possessed by a substance +to refract a ray; as, different substances have different +refringencies. Nichol. + +Re*frin"gent (-jent), a. [L. refringens, p. pr. of refringere. See +Refract.] Pertaining to, or possessing, refringency; refractive; +refracting; as, a refringent prism of spar. Nichol. + +Reft (r?ft), imp. & p. p. of Reave. Bereft. + + Reft of thy sons, amid thy foes forlorn. + + +Heber. + +Reft, n. A chink; a rift. See Rift. Rom. of R. + +Ref"uge (r?f"?j), n. [F. réfuge, L. refugium, fr. refugere to flee +back; pref. re- + figere. SEe Fugitive.] + +1. Shelter or protection from danger or distress. + + Rocks, dens, and caves! But I in none of these Find place or + refuge. + + +Milton. + + We might have a strong consolation, who have fled for refuge to lay + hold upon the hope set before us. + + +Heb. vi. 18. + +2. That which shelters or protects from danger, or from distress or +calamity; a stronghold which protects by its strength, or a sanctuary +which secures safety by its sacredness; a place inaccessible to an +enemy. + + The high hills are a refuger the wild goats. + + +Ps. civ. 18. + + The Lord also will be a refuge for the oppressed. + + +Ps. ix. 9. + +<! p. 1209 !> + +3. An expedient to secure protection or defense; a device or +contrivance. + + Their latest refuge Was to send him. + + +Shak. + + Light must be supplied, among gracefulrefuges, by terracing + &?;&?;&?; story in danger of darkness. + + +Sir H. Wotton. + +Cities of refuge (Jewish Antiq.), certain cities appointed as places of +safe refuge for persons who had committed homicide without design. Of +these there were three on each side of Jordan. Josh. xx. -- House of +refuge, a charitable institution for giving shelter and protection to +the homeless, destitute, or tempted. + +Syn. -- Shelter; asylum; retreat; covert. + +Ref"uge (r?f"?j), v. t. To shelter; to protect. [Obs.] + +Ref`u*gee" (r?f`?*j?"), n. [F. réfugié, fr. se réfugier to take refuge. +See Refuge, n.] 1. One who flees to a shelter, or place of safety. + +2. Especially, one who, in times of persecution or political commotion, +flees to a foreign power or country for safety; as, the French refugees +who left France after the revocation of the edict of Nantes. + +{ Re*ful"gence (r?*f?l"jens), Re*ful"gen*cy (-jen*s?), } n. [L. +refulgentia. See Refulgent.] The quality of being refulgent; +brilliancy; splender; radiance. + +Re*ful"gent (r?*f?l"jent), a. [L. refulgens, p. pr. of refulgere to +flash back, to shine bright; pref. re- re- + fulgere to shine. See +Fulgent.] Casting a bright light; radiant; brilliant; resplendent; +shining; splendid; as, refulgent beams. -- Re*ful"gent*ly, adv. + + So conspicuous and refulgent a truth. + + +Boyle. + +Re*fund" (r?*f?nd"), v. t. [Pref. re- + fund.] To fund again or anew; +to replace (a fund or loan) by a new fund; as, to refund a railroad +loan. + +Re*fund" (r?*f?nd"), v. t. [L. refundere; pref. re- re- + fundere to +pour: cf. F. refondre, refonder. See Fuse to melt, and cf. Refound to +cast again, 1st Refuse.] 1. To pour back. [R. & Obs.] + + Were the humors of the eye tinctured with any color, they would + refund that color upon the object. + + +Ray. + +2. To give back; to repay; to restore. + + A governor, that had pillaged the people, was . . . sentenced to + refund what he had wrongfully taken. + + +L'Estrange. + +3. To supply again with funds; to reimburse. [Obs.] + +Re*fund"er (-?r), n. One who refunds. + +Re*fund"ment (-ment), n. The act of refunding; also, that which is +refunded. [R.] Lamb. + +Re*fur"bish (r?*f?r"b?sh), v. t. To furbish anew. + +Re*fur"nish (-n?sh), v. t. To furnish again. + +Re*fur"nish*ment (-ment), n. The act of refurnishing, or state of being +refurnished. + + The refurnishment was in a style richer than before. + + +L. Wallace. + +Re*fus"a*ble (r?*f?z"?*b'l), a. [Cf. F. refusable. See Refuse.] Capable +of being refused; admitting of refusal. + +Re*fus"al (-al), n. 1. The act of refusing; denial of anything +demanded, solicited, or offered for acceptance. + + Do they not seek occasion of new quarrels, On my refusal, to + distress me more? + + +Milton. + +2. The right of taking in preference to others; the choice of taking or +refusing; option; as, to give one the refusal of a farm; to have the +refusal of an employment. + +Re*fuse" (r?*f?z"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Refused (-f?zd"); p. pr. & vb. +n. Refusing.] [F. refuser, either from (assumed) LL. refusare to +refuse, v. freq. of L. refundere to pour back, give back, restore (see +Refund to repay), or. fr. L. recusare to decline, refuse cf. Accuse, +Ruse), influenced by L. refutare to drive back, repel, refute. Cf. +Refute.] 1. To deny, as a request, demand, invitation, or command; to +decline to do or grant. + + That never yet refused your hest. + + +Chaucer. + +2. (Mil.) To throw back, or cause to keep back (as the center, a wing, +or a flank), out of the regular aligment when troops ar&?; about to +engage the enemy; as, to refuse the right wing while the left wing +attacks. + +3. To decline to accept; to reject; to deny the request or petition of; +as, to refuse a suitor. + + The cunning workman never doth refuse The meanest tool that he may + chance to use. + + +Herbert. + +4. To disown. [Obs.] "Refuse thy name." Shak. + +Re*fuse", v. i. To deny compliance; not to comply. + + Too proud to ask, too humble to refuse. + + +Garth. + + If ye refuse . . . ye shall be devoured with the sword. + + +Isa. i. 20. + +Re*fuse", n. Refusal. [Obs.] Fairfax. + +Ref`use (r?f"?s;277), n. [F. refus refusal, also, that which is +refused. See Refuse to deny.] That which is refused or rejected as +useless; waste or worthless matter. + +Syn. -- Dregs; sediment; scum; recrement; dross. + +Ref"use, a. Refused; rejected; hence; left as unworthy of acceptance; +of no value; worthless. + + Everything that was vile and refuse, that they destroyed utterly. + + +1. Sam. xv. 9. + +Re*fus"er (r?*f?z"?r), n. One who refuses or rejects. + +Re*fu"sion (r?*f?"zh?n), n. [Pref. re-+ fusion.] + +1. New or repeated melting, as of metals. + +2. Restoration. "This doctrine of the refusion of the soul." Bp. +Warbuton. + +Ref"ut (rf"t), n. [OF. refuite.] Refuge. "Thou haven of refut." [Obs.] +Chaucer. + +Re*fut`a*bil"i*ty (r?*f?t`?*b?l"?*t?), n. The quality of being +refutable. + +Re*fut"a*ble (r?*f?t"?*b'l;277), a. [Cf. F. réfutable.] Admitting of +being refuted or disproved; capable of being proved false or erroneous. + +Re*fut"al (r?*f?t"al), n. Act of refuting; refutation. + +Ref`u*ta"tion (r?f`?*t?"sh?n), n. [L. refutatio: cf. F. réfutation.] +The act or process of refuting or disproving, or the state of being +refuted; proof of falsehood or error; the overthrowing of an argument, +opinion, testimony, doctrine, or theory, by argument or countervailing +proof. + + Same of his blunders seem rather to deserve a flogging than a + refutation. + + +Macaulay. + +Re*fut"a*to*ry (r?*f?t"?*t?*r?), a. [L. refutatorius: cf. F. +réfutatoire.] Tending tu refute; refuting. + +Re*fute" (r?*F3t"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Refuted; p. pr. & vb. n. +Refuting.] [F. réfuter, L. refuteare to repel, refute. Cf. Confute, +Refuse to deny.] To disprove and overthrow by argument, evidence, or +countervailing proof; to prove to be false or erroneous; to confute; +as, to refute arguments; to refute testimony; to refute opinions or +theories; to refute a disputant. + + There were so many witnesses in these two miracles that it is + impossible to refute such multitudes. + + +Addison. + +Syn. -- To confute; disprove. See Confute. + +Re*fut"er (-f?t"?r), n. One who, or that which, refutes. + +Re*gain" (r?*g?n"), v. t. [Pref. re- + gain: cf. F. regagner.] To gain +anew; to get again; to recover, as what has escaped or been lost; to +reach again. + +Syn. -- To recover; reobtain; repossess; retrieve. + +Re"gal (r?"gal), a. [L. regalis, fr. rex, regis, a king. See Royal, and +cf. Rajah, Realm, Regalia.] Of or pertaining to a king; kingly; royal; +as, regal authority, pomp, or sway. "The regal title." Shak. + + He made a scorn of his regal oath. + + +Milton. + +Syn. -- Kingly; royal. See Kingly. + +Re"gal, n. [F. régale, It. regale. CF. Rigoll.] (Mus.) A small portable +organ, played with one hand, the bellows being worked with the other, +-- used in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. + +||Re*ga"le (r?*g?"l?), n. [LL. regale, pl. regalia, fr. L. regalis: cf. +||F. régale. See Regal.] A prerogative of royalty. [R.] Johnson. + +Re*gale" (r?*g?l), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Regaled (-g?ld"); p. pr. & vb. +n. Regaling.] [F. régaler, Sp. regalar to regale, to caress, to melt, +perhaps fr. L. regalare to thaw (cff. Gelatin), or cf. Sp. gala +graceful, pleasing address, choicest part of a thing (cf. Gala), or +most likely from OF. galer to rejoice, gale pleasure.] To enerta&?;n in +a regal or sumptuous manner; to enrtertain with something that +delights; to gratify; to refresh; as, to regale the taste, the eye, or +the ear. + +Re*gale", v. i. To feast; t&?; fare sumtuously. + +Re*gale", n. [F. régal. See Regale, v. t.] A sumptuous repast; a +banquet. Johnson. Cowper. + + Two baked custards were produced as additions to the regale. + + +E. E. Hale. + +Re*gale"ment (-ment), n. The act of regaling; anything which regales; +refreshment; entertainment. + +Re*gal"er (-g?l"?r), n. One who regales. + +Re*ga"li*a (r?*g?"l?*?), n. pl. [LL., from L. regalisregal. See Regal.] +1. That which belongs to royalty. Specifically: (a) The rights and +prerogatives of a king. (b) Royal estates and revenues. (c) Ensings, +symbols, or paraphernalia of royalty. + +2. Hence, decorations or insignia of an office or order, as of +Freemasons, Odd Fellows,etc. + +3. Sumptuous food; delicacies. [Obs.] Cotton. + +Regalia of a church, the privileges granted to it by kings; sometimes, +its patrimony. Brande & C. + +Re*ga"li*a, n. A kind of cigar of large size and superior quality; +also, the size in which such cigars are classed. + +Re*ga"li*an (-an), a. Pertaining to regalia; pertaining to the royal +insignia or prerogatives. Hallam. + +Re"gal*ism (r?"gal*?z'm), n. The doctrine of royal prerogative or +supremacy. [R.] Cardinal Manning. + +Re*gal"i*ty (r?*g?l"?*t?), n. [LL. regalitas, from L. regalis regal, +royal. See Regal, and cf. Royality.] + +1. Royalty; sovereignty; sovereign jurisdiction. + + [Passion] robs reason of her due regalitie. + + +Spenser. + + He came partly in by the sword, and had high courage in all points + of regality. + + +Bacon. + +2. An ensign or badge of royalty. [Obs.] + +Re"gal*ly (r?"gal*l?), adv. In a regal or royal manner. + +Re*gard" (r?*g?rd"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Regarded; p. pr. & vb. n. +Regarding.] [F. regarder; pref. re- re + garder to guard, heed, keep. +See Guard, and cf. Reward.] 1. To keep in view; to behold; to look at; +to view; to gaze upon. + + Your niece regards me with an eye of favor. + + +Shak. + +2. Hence, to look or front toward; to face. [Obs.] + + It is peninsula which regardeth the mainland. + + +Sandys. + + That exceedingly beatiful seat, on the ass&?;ent of a hill, flanked + with wood and regarding the river. + + +Evelyn. + +3. To look closely at; to observe attentively; to pay attention to; to +notice or remark particularly. + + If much you note him, You offened him; . . . feed, and regard him + not. + + +Shak. + +4. To look upon, as in a certain relation; to hold as an popinion; to +consider; as, to regard abstinence from wine as a duty; to regard +another as a friend or enemy. + +5. To consider and treat; to have a certain feeling toward; as, to +regard one with favor or dislike. + + His associates seem to have regarded him with kindness. + + +Macaulay. + +6. To pay respect to; to treat as something of peculiar value, +sanctity, or the like; to care for; to esteem. + + He that regardeth thae day, regardeth it into the LOrd. + + +Rom. xiv. 6. + + Here's Beaufort, that regards nor God nor king. + + +Shak. + +7. To take into consideration; to take account of, as a fact or +condition. "Nether regarding that she is my child, nor fearing me as if +II were her father." Shak. + +8. To have relation to, as bearing upon; to respect; to relate to; to +touch; as, an argument does not regard the question; -- often used +impersonally; as, I agree with you as regards this or that. + +Syn. -- To consider; observe; remark; heed; mind; respect; esteem; +estimate; value. See Attend. + +Re*gard" (r?*g?rd"), v. i. To look attentively; to consider; to notice. +[Obs.] Shak. + +Re*gard", n. [F. regard See Regard, v. t.] 1. A look; aspect directed +to another; view; gaze. + + But her, with stern regard, he thus repelled. + + +Milton. + +2. Attention of the mind with a feeling of interest; observation; heed; +notice. + + Full many a lady I have eyed with best regard. + + +Shak. + +3. That view of the mind which springs from perception of value, +estimable qualities, or anything that excites admiration; respect; +esteem; reverence; affection; as, to have a high regard for a person; +-- often in the plural. + + He has rendered himself worthy of their most favorable regards. + + +A. Smith. + + Save the long-sought regards of woman, nothing is sweeter than + those marks of childish preference. + + +Hawthorne. + +4. State of being regarded, whether favorably or otherwise; estimation; +repute; note; account. + + A man of meanest regard amongst them, neither having wealth or + power. + + +Spenser. + +5. Consideration; thought; reflection; heed. + + Sad pause and deep regard become the sage. + + +Shak. + +6. Matter for consideration; account; condition. [Obs.] "Reason full of +good regard." Shak. + +7. Respect; relation; reference. + + Persuade them to pursue and persevere in virtue, with regard to + themselves; in justice and goodness with regard to their neighbors; + and piefy toward God. + + +I. Watts. + +The phrase in regard of was formerly used as equivalent in meaning to +on account of, but in modern usage is often improperly substituted for +in respect to, or in regard to. G. P. Marsh. + + Change was thought necessary in regard of the injury the church did + receive by a number of things then in use. + + +Hooker. + + In regard of its security, it had a great advantage over the + bandboxes. + + +Dickens. + +8. Object of sight; scene; view; aspect. [R.] + + Throw out our eyes for brave Othello, Even till we make the main + and the aërial blue An indistinct regard. + + +Shak. + +9. (O.Eng.Law) Supervision; inspection. + +At regard of, in consideration of; in comparison with. [Obs.] "Bodily +penance is but short and little at regard of the pains of hell." +Chaucer. -- Court of regard, a forest court formerly held in England +every third year for the lawing, or expeditation, of dogs, to prevent +them from running after deer; -- called also survey of dogs. +Blackstone. + +Syn. -- Respect; consideration; notice; observance; heed; care; +concern; estimation; esteem; attachment; reverence. + +Re*gard"a*ble (-?*b'l), a. Worthy of regard or notice; to be regarded; +observable. [R.] Sir T. Browne. + +Re*gard"ant (-ant), a. [F. regardant, fr. regarder. See Regard, v. t.] +[Written also regardant.] 1. Looking behind; looking backward +watchfully. + + [He] turns thither his regardant eye. + + +Southey. + +2. (Her.) Looking behind or backward; as, a lion regardant. + +3. (O.Eng.Law) Annexed to the land or manor; as, a villain regardant. + +Re*gard"er (r?*g?rd"?r), n. 1. One who regards. + +2. (Eng. Forest law) An officer appointed to supervise the forest. +Cowell. + +Re*gard"ful (-f?l), a. Heedful; attentive; observant. -- +Re*gard"ful*ly, adv. + + Let a man be very tender and regardful of every pious motion made + by the Spirit of God to his heart. + + +South. + +Syn. -- Mindful; heedful; attentive; observant. + +Re*gard"ing, prep. Concerning; respecting. + +Re*gard"less, a. 1. Having no regard; heedless; careless; as, +regardless of life, consequences, dignity. + + Regardless of the bliss wherein he sat. + + +Milton. + +2. Not regarded; slighted. [R.] Spectator. + +Syn. -- Heedless; negligent; careless; indifferent; unconcerned; +inattentive; unobservant; neglectful. + +-- Re*gard"less*ly, adv. -- Re*gard"less*ness, n. + +Re*gath"er (r?*g?th"?r), v. t. To gather again. + +Re*gat"ta (r?*g?t"t?), n.; pl. Regattas (-t&?;z). [It. regatta, +regata.] Originally, a gondola race in Venice; now, a rowing or sailing +race, or a series of such races. + +Re"gel (r?"g?l), n. (Astron.) See Rigel. + +Re"ge*late (r?"j?*l?t or r?j"?-), v. i. (Physics) To freeze together +again; to undergo regelation, as ice. + +Re`ge*la"tion (-l?"sh?n), n. [Pref. re- + L. gelatio a freezing.] +(Physics) The act or process of freezing anew, or together,as two +pieces of ice. + +Two pieces of ice at (or even) 32&?; Fahrenheit, with moist surfaces, +placed in contact, freeze together to a rigid mass. This is called +regelation. Faraday. + +Re"gence (r?"jens), n. Rule. [Obs.] Hudibras. + +Re"gen*cy (r?*jen*s?), n.; pl. Regencies (-s&?;z). [CF. F. régence, LL. +regentia. See Regent, a.] 1. The office of ruler; rule; authority; +government. + +2. Especially, the office, jurisdiction, or dominion of a regent or +vicarious ruler, or of a body of regents; deputed or vicarious +government. Sir W. Temple. + +3. A body of men intrusted with vicarious government; as, a regency +constituted during a king's minority, absence from the kingdom, or +other disability. + + A council or regency consisting of twelve persons. + + +Lowth. + +Re*gen"er*a*cy (r?*j?n"?r*?*s?), n. [See Regenerate.] The state of +being regenerated. Hammond. + +Re*gen"er*ate (-?t), a. [L. regeneratus, p. p. of regenerare to +regenerate; pref. re- re- + generare to beget. See Generate.] 1. +Reproduced. + + The earthly author of my blood, Whose youthful spirit, in me + regenerate, Doth with a twofold vigor lift me up. + + +Shak. + +2. (Theol.) Born anew; become Christian; renovated in heart; changed +from a natural to a spiritual state. + +<! p. 1210 !> + +Re*gen"er*ate (r?*j?n"?r*?t), v. t. 1. To generate or produce anew; to +reproduce; to give new life, strength, or vigor to. + + Through all the soil a genial fferment spreads. Regenerates the + plauts, and new adorns the meads. + + +Blackmore. + +2. (Theol.) To cause to be spiritually born anew; to cause to become a +Christian; to convert from sin to holiness; to implant holy affections +in the heart of. + +3. Hence, to make a radical change for the better in the character or +condition of; as, to regenerate society. + +Re*gen"er*ate*ness (-?t*n?s), n. The quality or state of being +rgenerate. + +Re*gen`er*a"tion (-?"sh?n), n. [L. regeneratio: cf. F. régéneration.] +1. The act of regenerating, or the state of being regenerated. + +2. (Theol.) The entering into a new spiritual life; the act of +becoming, or of being made, Christian; that change by which holy +affectations and purposes are substituted for the opposite motives in +the heart. + + He saved us by the washing of regeneration, and renewing of the + Holy Chost. + + +Tit. iii. 5. + +3. (Biol.) The reproduction of a part which has been removed or +destroyed; re-formation; -- a process especially characteristic of a +many of the lower animals; as, the regeneration of lost feelers, limbs, +and claws by spiders and crabs. + +4. (Physiol.) (a) The reproduction or renewal of tissues, cells, etc., +which have been used up and destroyed by the ordinary processes of +life; as, the continual regeneration of the epithelial cells of the +body, or the regeneration of the contractile substance of muscle. (b) +The union of parts which have been severed, so that they become +anatomically perfect; as, the regeneration of a nerve. + +Re*gen"er*a*tive (r?*j?n"?r*?*t?v), a. Of or pertaining to +regeneration; tending to regenerate; as, regenerative influences. H. +Bushnell. + +Regenerative furnace (Metal.), a furnace having a regenerator in which +gas used for fuel, and air for supporting combustion, are heated; a +Siemens furnace. + +Re*gen"er*a*tive*ly, adv. So as to regenerate. + +Re*gen"er*a`tor (-?`t?r), n. 1. One who, or that which, regenerates. + +2. (Mech.) A device used in connection with hot-air engines, +gas-burning furnaces, etc., in which the incoming air or gas is heated +by being brought into contact with masses of iron, brick, etc., which +have been previously heated by the outgoing, or escaping, hot air or +gas. + +Re*gen"er*a*to*ry (-?*t?*r?), a. Having power to renew; tending to +reproduce; regenerating. G. S. Faber. + +Re*gen"e*sis (-?*s?s), n. New birth; renewal. + + A continued regenesis of dissenting sects. + + +H. Spenser. + +Re"gent (r?"jent), a. [L. regens, -entis, p. pr. of regere to rule: cf. +F. régent. See Regiment.] 1. Ruling; governing; regnant. "Some other +active regent principle . . . which we call the soul." Sir M. Hale. + +2. Exercising vicarious authority. Milton. + +Queen regent. See under Queen, n. + +Re"gent, n. [F. régent. See Regent, a.] 1. One who rules or reigns; a +governor; a ruler. Milton. + +2. Especially, one invested with vicarious authority; one who governs a +kingdom in the minority, absence, or disability of the sovereign. + +3. One of a governing board; a trustee or overseer; a superintendent; a +curator; as, the regents of the Smithsonian Institution. + +4. (Eng.Univ.) A resident master of arts of less than five years' +standing, or a doctor of less than twwo. They were formerly privileged +to lecture in the schools. + +Regent bird (Zoöl.), a beautiful Australian bower bird (Sericulus +melinus). The male has the head, neck, and large patches on the wings, +bright golden yellow, and the rest of the plumage deep velvety black; +-- so called in honor of the Prince of Wales (afterward George IV.), +who was Prince Regent in the reign of George III. -- The Regents of the +University of the State of New York, the members of a corporate body +called the University of New York. They have a certain supervisory +power over the incorporated institution for Academic and higher +education in the State. + +Re"gent*ess, n. A female regent. [R.] Cotgrave. + +Re"gent*ship, n. The office of a regent; regency. + +Re*ger"mi*nate (r?*j?r"m?*n?t), v. i. [Pref. re- + germinate: cf. L. +regerminare.] To germinate again. + + Perennial plants regerminate several years successively. + + +J. Lee. + +Re*ger`mi*na"tion (-n?"sh?n), n. [L. regerminatio.] A germinating again +or anew. + +Re*gest" (r?*j?st"), n. [L. regesta, pl.: cf. OF. regestes, pl. See +Register.] A register. [Obs.] Milton. + +Re*get" (r?*g?t"), v. t. To get again. + +Re"gi*an (r?"j?-an), n. [L. regius regal.] An upholder of kingly +authority; a royalist. [Obs.] Fuller. + +Reg"i*ble (r?j"?*b'l), a. [L. regibilis, from regere to rule.] +Governable; tractable. [Obs.] + +Reg"i*ci`dal (r?j"?*s?`dal), a. Pertaining to regicide, or to one +committing it; having the nature of, or resembling, regicide. Bp. +Warburton. + +Reg"i*cide (r?j"?*s?d), n. [F. régicide; L. rex, regis, a king + +caedere to kill. Cf. Homicide.] 1. One who kills or who murders a king; +specifically (Eng.Hist.), one of the judges who condemned Charles I. to +death. + +2. The killing or the murder of a king. + +Re*gild" (r?*g?ld"), v. t. To gild anew. + +||Ré`gime" (r?`zh?m"), n. [F. See Regimen.] 1. Mode or system of rule +||or management; character of government, or of the prevailing social +||system. + + I dream . . . of the new régime which is to come. + + +H. Kingsley. + +2. (Hydraul.) The condition of a river with respect to the rate of its +flow, as measured by the volume of water passing different cross +sections in a given time, uniform régime being the condition when the +flow is equal and uniform at all the cross sections. + +The ancient régime, or Ancien régime [F.], the former political and +social system, as distinguished from the modern; especially, the +political and social system existing in France before the Revolution of +1789. + +Reg"i*men (r?j"?*m?n), n. [L. regimen, -inis, fr. regere to guide, to +rule. See Right, and cf. Regal, Régime, Regiment.] 1. Orderly +government; system of order; adminisration. Hallam. + +2. Any regulation or remedy which is intended to produce beneficial +effects by gradual operation; esp. (Med.), a systematic course of diet, +etc., pursed with a view to improving or preserving the health, or for +the purpose of attaining some particular effect, as a reduction of +flesh; -- sometimes used synonymously with hygiene. + +3. (Gram.) (a) A syntactical relation between words, as when one +depends on another and is regulated by it in respect to case or mood; +government. (b) The word or words governed. + +Reg"i*ment (-ment), n. [F. régiment a regiment of men, OF. also +government, L. regimentum government, fr. regere to guide, rule. See +Regimen.] 1. Government; mode of ruling; rule; authority; regimen. +[Obs.] Spenser. "Regiment of health." Bacon. + + But what are kings, when regiment is gone, But perfect shadows in a + sunshine day? + + +Marlowe. + + The law of nature doth now require of necessity some kind of + regiment. + + +Hocker. + +2. A region or district governed. [Obs.] Spenser. + +3. (Mil.) A body of men, either horse, foot, or artillery, commanded by +a colonel, and consisting of a number of companies, usually ten. + +In the British army all the artillery are included in one regiment, +which (reversing the usual practice) is divided into brigades. + +Regiment of the line (Mil.), a regiment organized for general service; +-- in distinction from those (as the Life Guards) whose duties are +usually special. [Eng.] + +Reg"i*ment (-m?nt), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Regimented; p. pr. & vb. n. +Regimenting.] To form into a regiment or into regiments. Washington. + +Reg`i*men"tal (-m?n"tal), a. Belonging to, or concerning, a regiment; +as, regimental officers, clothing. + +Regimental school, in the British army, a school for the instruction of +the private soldiers of a regiment, and their children, in the +rudimentary branches of education. + +Reg`i*men"tal*ly, adv. In or by a regiment or regiments; as, troops +classified regimentally. + +Reg`i*men"tals (-talz), n. pl. (Mil.) The uniform worn by the officers +and soldiers of a regiment; military dress; -- formerly used in the +singular in the same sense. Colman. + +Re*gim"i*nal (r?*j?m"?*nal), a. Of or relating to regimen; as, +regiminal rules. + +Re"gion (r?"j?n), n. [F. région, from L. regio a direction, a boundary +line, region, fr. regere to guide, direct. See Regimen.] 1. One of the +grand districts or quarters into which any space or surface, as of the +earth or the heavens, is conceived of as divided; hence, in general, a +portion of space or territory of indefinite extent; country; province; +district; tract. + + If thence he 'scappe, into whatever world, Or unknown region. + + +Milton. + +2. Tract, part, or space, lying about and including anything; +neighborhood; vicinity; sphere. "Though the fork invade the region of +my heart." Shak. + + Philip, tetrarch of .. the region of Trachonitis. + + +Luke iii. 1. + +3. The upper air; the sky; the heavens. [Obs.] + + Anon the dreadful thunder Doth rend the region. + + +Shak. + +4. The inhabitants of a district. Matt. iii. 5. + +5. Place; rank; station. [Obs. or R.] + + He is of too high a region. + + +Shak. + +Re"gion*al (-al), a. Of or pertaining to a particular region; +sectional. + +Re"gi*ous (-j?*?s), a. [L. regius royal, fr. rex, regis, king.] Regal; +royal. [Obs.] Harrington. + +Reg"is*ter (rj"s*tr), n. [OE. registre, F. registre, LL. +registrum,regestum, L. regesta, pl., fr. regerere, regestum, to carry +back, to register; pref. re- re- + gerere to carry. See Jest, and cf. +Regest.] 1. A written account or entry; an official or formal +enumeration, description, or record; a memorial record; a list or roll; +a schedule. + + As you have one eye upon my follies, . . . turn another into the + register of your own. + + +Shak. + +2. (Com.) (a) A record containing a list and description of the +merchant vessels belonging to a port or customs district. (b) A +certificate issued by the collector of customs of a port or district to +the owner of a vessel, containing the description of a vessel, its +name, ownership, and other material facts. It is kept on board the +vessel, to be used as an evidence of nationality or as a muniment of +title. + +3. [Cf. LL. registrarius. Cf. Regisrar.] One who registers or records; +a registrar; a recorder; especially, a public officer charged with the +duty of recording certain transactions or events; as, a register of +deeds. + +4. That which registers or records. Specifically: (a) (Mech.) A +contrivance for automatically noting the performance of a machine or +the rapidity of a process. (b) (Teleg.) The part of a telegraphic +apparatus which records automatically the message received. (c) A +machine for registering automatically the number of persons passing +through a gateway, fares taken, etc.; a telltale. + +5. A lid, stopper, or sliding plate, in a furnace, stove, etc., for +regulating the admission of air to the fuel; also, an arrangement +containing dampers or shutters, as in the floor or wall of a room or +passage, or in a chimney, for admitting or excluding heated air, or for +regulating ventilation. + +6. (Print.) (a) The inner part of the mold in which types are cast. (b) +The correspondence of pages, columns, or lines on the opposite or +reverse sides of the sheet. (c) The correspondence or adjustment of the +several impressions in a design which is printed in parts, as in +chromolithographic printing, or in the manufacture of paper hangings. +See Register, v. i. 2. + +7. (Mus.) (a) The compass of a voice or instrument; a specified portion +of the compass of a voice, or a series of vocal tones of a given +compass; as, the upper, middle, or lower register; the soprano +register; the tenor register. + +In respect to the vocal tones, the thick register properly extends +below from the F on the lower space of the treble staff. The thin +register extends an octave above this. The small register is above the +thin. The voice in the thick register is called the chest voice; in the +thin, the head voice. Falsetto is a kind off voice, of a thin, shrull +quality, made by using the mechanism of the upper thin register for +tones below the proper limit on the scale. E. Behnke. + +(b) A stop or set of pipes in an organ. + +Parish register, A book in which are recorded the births, baptisms, +marriages, deaths, and burials in a parish. + +Syn. -- List; catalogue; roll; record; archives; chronicle; annals. See +List. + +Reg"is*ter (rj"s*tr), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Registered (- trd); p. pr. & +vb. n. Registering.] [Cf. F. regisrer, exregistrer, LL. registrare. See +Register, n.] 1. To enter in a register; to record formally and +distinctly, as for future use or service. + +2. To enroll; to enter in a list. + + Such follow him as shall be registered. + + +Milton. + +Registered letter, a letter, the address of which is, on payment of a +special fee, registered in the post office and the transmission and +delivery of which are attended to with particular care. + +Reg"is*ter, v. i. 1. To enroll one's name in a register. + +2. (Print.) To correspond in relative position; as, two pages, columns, +etc. , register when the corresponding parts fall in the same line, or +when line falls exactly upon line in reverse pages, or (as in chromatic +printing) where the various colors of the design are printed +consecutively, and perfect adjustment of parts is necessary. + +Reg"is*ter*ing, a. Recording; -- applied to instruments; having an +apparatus which registers; as, a registering thermometer. See +Recording. + +Reg"is*ter*ship, n. The office of a register. + +Reg"is*trant (-trant), n. [L. registrans, p. pr.] One who registers; +esp., one who , by virtue of securing an official registration, obtains +a certain right or title of possession, as to a trade-mark. + +Reg"is*trar (-tr?r), n. [LL. registrarius, or F. régistraire. See +Register.] One who registers; a recorder; a keeper of records; as, a +registrar of births, deaths, and marriages. See Register, n., 3. + +Reg"is*trar*ship, n. The office of a registrar. + +Reg"is*tra*ry (- tr?*r?), n. A registrar. [Obs.] + +Reg"is*trate (-tr?t), v. t. To register. [R.] + +Reg`is*tra"tion (-tr?"sh?n), n. [LL. registratio, or F. régistration. +See Register, v.] 1. The act of registering; registry; enrollment. + +2. (Mus.) The art of selecting and combining the stops or registers of +an organ. + +Reg"is*try (r?j"?s*tr?), n. 1. The act of recording or writing in a +register; enrollment; registration. + +2. The place where a register is kept. + +3. A record; an account; a register. Sir W. Temple. + +||Re"gi*us (r?l"?*?s), a. [L. regius, from rex, regis, a king.] Of or +||pertaining to a king; royal. + +Regius professor, an incumbent of a professorship founded by royal +bounty, as in an English university. + +Re*give" (r?*g?v"), v. t. To give again; to give back. + +Re"gle (r?g"'l), v. t. [See Reglement.] To rule; to govern. [Obs.] "To +regle their lives." Fuller. + +Re"gle*ment (r?g"'l*ment), n. [F. réglement, fr. régler, L. regulare. +See Regulate.] Regulation. [Obs.] + + The reformation and reglement of usury. + + +Bacon. + +Reg`le*men"ta*ry (-l?*m?n"t?*r?), a. [F. réglementaire, fr. réglement.] +Regulative. [R.] + +Reg"let (r?g"l?t), n. [F. réglet, dim. of règle a rule, L. regula. See +Rule.] 1. (Arch.) A flat, narrow molding, used chiefly to separate the +parts or members of compartments or panels from one another, or +doubled, turned, and interlaced so as to form knots, frets, or other +ornaments. See Illust. (12) of Column. + +2. (Print.) A strip of wood or metal of the height of a quadrat, used +for regulating the space between pages in a chase, and also for spacing +out title-pages and other open matter. It is graded to different sizes, +and designated by the name of the type that it matches; as, nonpareil +reglet, pica reglet, and the like. + +||Reg"ma (r?g"m?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;, -&?;&?;&?;, fracture, +||fr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?; to break.] (Bot.) A kind of dry fruit, +||consisting of three or more cells, each which at length breaks open +||at the inner angle. + +Reg"ma*carp (-k?rp), n. [Regma + Gr. &?;&?;&?; fruit.] (Bot.) Any dry +dehiscent fruit. + +Reg"nal (r?g"nal), a. [L. regnum reign.] Of or pertaining to the reign +of a monarch; as, regnal years. + +Reg"nan*cy (-nan*s?), n. The condition or quality of being regnant; +sovereignty; rule. Coleridge. + +Reg"nant (-nant), a. [L. regnans, -antis, p. pr. of regnare to reign: +cf. F régnant. See Reign.] 1. Exercising regal authority; reigning; as, +a queen regnant. + +2. Having the chief power; ruling; predominant; prevalent. "A traitor +to the vices regnant." Swift. + +Reg"na*tive (-n?*t?v), a. Ruling; governing. [Obs.] + +Regne (r?n), n. & v. See Reign. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Re*gorge" (r?*g?rj"), v. t. [F. regorder; re- + gorger to gorge. Cf. +Regurgitate.] 1. To vomit up; to eject from the stomach; to throw back. +Hayward. + +2. To swallow again; to swallow back. + + Tides at highest mark regorge the flood. + + +Dryden. + +<! p. 1211 !> + +Re*grade" (r?*gr?d"), v. i. [L. re- re- + gradi to go. Cf. Regrede. ] +To retire; to go back. [Obs.] W. Hales. + +Re*graft" (r?*gr?ft"), v. t. To graft again. + +Re*grant" (r?*gr?nt"), v. t. To grant back; to grant again or anew. +Ayliffe. + +Re*grant", n. 1. The act of granting back to a former proprietor. + +2. A renewed of a grant; as, the regrant of a monopoly. + +Re*grate" (r?*gr?t"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Regrated; p. pr. & vb. n. +Regrating.] [F. regratter, literally, to scrape again. See Re-, and +Grate, v. t.] 1. (Masonry) To remove the outer surface of, as of an old +hewn stone, so as to give it a fresh appearance. + +2. To offend; to shock. [Obs.] Derham. + +Re*grate", v. t. [F. regratter to regrate provisions; of uncertain +origin.] (Eng.Law) To buy in large quantities, as corn, provisions, +etc., at a market or fair, with the intention of selling the same +again, in or near the same place, at a higher price, -- a practice +which was formerly treated as a public offense. + +Re*grat"er (-?r), n. [F. regrattier.] One who regrates. + +Re*grat"er*y, n. The act or practice of regrating. + +Re*gra"ti*a*to*ry (r?*gr?"sh?*?*t?*r?), n. A returning or giving of +thanks. [Obs.] Skelton. + +Re*grat"or (r?*gr?t"?r), n. One guilty of regrating. + +Re*grede" (r?*gr?d"), v. i. [L. regredi to go back. Cf. Regrade, +Regress.] To go back; to retrograde, as the apsis of a planet's orbit. +[R.] Todhunter. + +Re*gre"di*ence (r?*gr?"d?-ens), n. A going back; a retrogression; a +return. [R.] Herrick. + +Re*greet" (r?*gr?t"), v. t. To greet again; to resalute; to return a +salutation to; to greet. Shak. + +Re*greet", n. A return or exchange of salutation. + +Re"gress (r?"gr?s), n. [L. regressus, fr. regredi, regressus. See +Regrede.] 1. The act of passing back; passage back; return; +retrogression. "The progress or regress of man". F. Harrison. + +2. The power or liberty of passing back. Shak. + +Re*gress" (r?*gr?s"), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Regressed (-gr?st"); p. pr. & +vb. n. Regressing.] To go back; to return to a former place or state. +Sir T. Browne. + +Re*gres"sion (r?*gr?sh"?n), n. [L. regressio: cf. F. régression.] The +act of passing back or returning; retrogression; retrogradation. Sir T. +Browne. + +Edge of regression (of a surface) (Geom.), the line along which a +surface turns back upon itself; -- called also a cuspidal edge. -- +Regression point (Geom.), a cusp. + +Re*gress"ive (r?*gr?s"?v), a. [Cf. F. régressif.] + +1. Passing back; returning. + +2. Characterized by retrogression; retrogressive. + +Regressive metamorphism. (a) (Biol.) See Retrogression. (b) (Physiol.) +See Katabolism. + +Re*gress"ive*ly, adv. In a regressive manner. + +Re*gret" (r?*gr?t"), n. [F., fr. regretter. See Regret, v.] 1. Pain of +mind on account of something done or experienced in the past, with a +wish that it had been different; a looking back with dissatisfaction or +with longing; grief; sorrow; especially, a mourning on account of the +loss of some joy, advantage, or satisfaction. "A passionate regret at +sin." Dr. H. More. + + What man does not remember with regret the first time he read + Robinson Crusoe? + + +Macaulay. + + Never any prince expressed a more lively regret for the loss of a + servant. + + +Clarendon. + + From its peaceful bosom [the grave] spring none but fond regrets + and tender recollections. + + +W. Irving. + +2. Dislike; aversion. [Obs.] Dr. H. More. + +Syn. -- Grief; concern; sorrow; lamentation; repentance; penitence; +self-condemnation. -- Regret, Remorse, Compunction, Contrition, +Repentance. Regret does not carry with it the energy of remorse, the +sting of compunction, the sacredness of contrition, or the practical +character of repentance. We even apply the term regret to circumstance +over which we have had no control, as the absence of friends or their +loss. When connected with ourselves, it relates rather to unwise acts +than to wrong or sinful ones. C. J. Smith. + +Re*gret", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Regretted (-td); p. pr. & vb. n. +Regretting.] [F. regretter, OF. regreter; L. pref. re- re- + a word of +Teutonic origin; cf. Goth. grtan to weep, Icel. grta. See Greet to +lament.] To experience regret on account of; to lose or miss with a +sense of regret; to feel sorrow or dissatisfaction on account of (the +happening or the loss of something); as, to regret an error; to regret +lost opportunities or friends. + + Calmly he looked on either life, and here Saw nothing to regret, or + there to fear. + + +Pope. + + In a few hours they [the Israelites] began to regret their slavery, + and to murmur against their leader. + + +Macaulay. + + Recruits who regretted the plow from which they had been violently + taken. + + +Macaulay. + +Re*gret"ful (-f?l), a. Full of regret; indulging in regrets; repining. +-- Re*gret"ful*ly, adv. + +Re*grow" (r?*gr?"), v. i. & t. To grow again. + + The snail had power to regrow them all [horns, tongue, etc.] + + +A. B. Buckley. + +Re*growth" (r?*gr?th"), n. The act of regrowing; a second or new +growth. Darwin. + + The regrowth of limbs which had been cut off. + + +A. B. Buckley. + +Re*guard"ant (r?*g?rd"ant), a. (Her.) Same as Regardant. + +Re*guer"don (r?*g?r"d?n), v. t. [Pref. re- re- + guerdon: cf. OF. +reguerdonner.] To reward. [Obs.] Shak. + +Reg"u*la*ble (r?g"?*l?*b'l), a. Capable of being regulated. [R.] + +Reg"u*lar (-l?r), a. [L. regularis, fr. regula a rule, fr. regere to +guide, to rule: cf. F. régulier. See Rule.] + +1. Conformed to a rule; agreeable to an established rule, law, +principle, or type, or to established customary forms; normal; +symmetrical; as, a regular verse in poetry; a regular piece of music; a +regular verb; regular practice of law or medicine; a regular building. + +2. Governed by rule or rules; steady or uniform in course, practice, or +occurence; not subject to unexplained or irrational variation; +returning at stated intervals; steadily pursued; orderlly; methodical; +as, the regular succession of day and night; regular habits. + +3. Constituted, selected, or conducted in conformity with established +usages, rules, or discipline; duly authorized; permanently organized; +as, a regular meeting; a regular physican; a regular nomination; +regular troops. + +4. Belonging to a monastic order or community; as, regular clergy, in +distinction dfrom the secular clergy. + +5. Thorough; complete; unmitigated; as, a regular humbug. [Colloq.] + +6. (Bot. & Zoöl.) Having all the parts of the same kind alike in size +and shape; as, a regular flower; a regular sea urchin. + +7. (Crystallog.) Same as Isometric. + +Regular polygon (Geom.), a plane polygon which is both equilateral and +equiangular. -- Regular polyhedron (Geom.), a polyhedron whose faces +are equal regular polygons. There are five regular polyhedrons, -- the +tetrahedron, the hexahedron, or cube, the octahedron, the dodecahedron, +and the icosahedron. -- Regular sales (Stock Exchange), sales of stock +deliverable on the day after the transaction. -- Regular troops, troops +of a standing or permanent army; -- opposed to militia. + +Syn. -- Normal; orderly; methodical. See Normal. + +Reg"u*lar (rg"*lr), n. [LL. regularis: cf. F. régulier. See Regular, +a.] 1. (R. C. Ch.) A member of any religious order or community who has +taken the vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience, and who has been +solemnly recognized by the church. Bp. Fitzpatrick. + +2. (Mil.) A soldier belonging to a permanent or standing army; -- +chiefly used in the plural. + +||Reg`u*la"ri*a (rg`*l"r*), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) A division of Echini +||which includes the circular, or regular, sea urchins. + +Reg`u*lar"i*ty (-l?r"?*t?), n. [Cf. F. régularité.] The condition or +quality of being regular; as, regularity of outline; the regularity of +motion. + +Reg"u*lar*ize (rg"*lr*z), v. t. To cause to become regular; to +regulate. [R.] + +Reg"u*lar*ly, adv. In a regular manner; in uniform order; methodically; +in due order or time. + +Reg"u*lar*ness, n. Regularity. Boyle. + +Reg"u*late (-lt), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Regulated (- l`td); p. pr. & vb. +n. Regulating.] [L. regulatus, p. p. of regulare, fr. regula. See +Regular.] 1. To adjust by rule, method, or established mode; to direct +by rule or restriction; to subject to governing principles or laws. + + The laws which regulate the successions of the seasons. + + +Macaulay. + + The herdsmen near the frontier adjudicated their own disputes, and + regulated their own police. + + +Bancroft. + +2. To put in good order; as, to regulate the disordered state of a +nation or its finances. + +3. To adjust, or maintain, with respect to a desired rate, degree, or +condition; as, to regulate the temperature of a room, the pressure of +steam, the speed of a machine, etc. + +To regulate a watch or clock, to adjust its rate of running so that it +will keep approximately standard time. + +Syn. -- To adjust; dispose; methodize; arrange; direct; order; rule; +govern. + +Reg`u*la"tion (-l?"sh?n), n. 1. The act of regulating, or the state of +being regulated. + + The temper and regulation of our own minds. + + +Macaulay. + +2. A rule or order prescribed for management or government; +prescription; a regulating principle; a governing direction; precept; +law; as, the regulations of a society or a school. + +Regulation sword, cap, uniform, etc. (Mil.), a sword, cap, uniform, +etc., of the kind or quality prescribed by the official regulations. + +Syn. -- Law; rule; method; principle; order; precept. See Law. + +Reg"u*la*tive (r?g"?*l?*t?v), a. 1. Tending to regulate; regulating. +Whewell. + +2. (Metaph.) Necessarily assumed by the mind as fundamental to all +other knowledge; furnishing fundamental principles; as, the regulative +principles, or principles a priori; the regulative faculty. Sir W. +Hamilton. + +These terms are borrowed from Kant, and suggest the thought, allowed by +Kant, that possibly these principles are only true for the human mind, +the operations and belief of which they regulate. + +Reg"u*la`tor (-l?`t?r), n. 1. One who, or that which, regulates. + +2. (Mach.) A contrivance for regulating and controlling motion, as: (a) +The lever or index in a watch, which controls the effective length of +the hairspring, and thus regulates the vibrations of the balance. (b) +The governor of a steam engine. (c) A valve for controlling the +admission of steam to the steam chest, in a locomotive. + +3. A clock, or other timepiece, used as a standard of correct time. See +Astronomical clock (a), under Clock. + +4. A member of a volunteer committee which, in default of the lawful +authority, undertakes to preserve order and prevent crimes; also, +sometimes, one of a band organized for the comission of violent crimes. +[U.S.] + + A few stood neutral, or declared in favor of the Regulators. + + +Bancroft. + +Reg"u*line (r?g"?*l?n), a. [Cf. F. régulin. See Regulus.] (Chem. & +Metal.) Of or pertaining to regulus. + +Reg"u*lize (-l?z), v. t. (Old Chem.) To reduce to regulus; to separate, +as a metal from extraneous matter; as, to regulize antimony. [Archaic] + +Reg"u*lus (-l?s), n.; pl. E. Reguluses (-&?;z), L. Reguli (- l&?;). +[L., a petty king, prince, dim. of rex, regis, a king: cf. F. régule. +See Regal.] 1. A petty king; a ruler of little power or consequence. + +2. (Chem. & Metal.) The button, globule, or mass of metal, in a more or +less impure state, which forms in the bottom of the crucible in +smelting and reduction of ores. + +The name was introduced by the alchemists, and applied by them in the +first instance to antimony. It signifies little king; and from the +facility with which antimony alloyed with gold, these empirical +philosophers had great hopes that this metal, antimony, would lead them +to the discovery of the philosopher's stone. Ure. + +3. (Astron.) A star of the first magnitude in the constellation Leo; -- +called also the Lion's Heart. + +Re*gur"gi*tate (r?*g?r"j?*t?t), v. t. [LL. regurgitare, regurgitatum; +L. pref. re- re- + gurges, -itis, a gulf. Cf. Regorge.] To throw or +pour back, as from a deep or hollow place; to pour or throw back in +great quantity. + +Re*gur"gi*tate, v. i. To be thrown or poured back; to rush or surge +back. + + The food may regurgitatem the stomach into the esophagus and mouth. + + +Quain. + +Re*gur`gi*ta"tion (-t?"sh?n), n. [Cf. F. régurgitation.] 1. The act of +flowing or pouring back by the orifice of entrance; specifically +(Med.), the reversal of the natural direction in which the current or +contents flow through a tube or cavity of the body. Quain. + +2. The act of swallowing again; reabsorption. + +Re`ha*bil"i*tate (r?`h?*b?l"?*t?t), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rehabilitated +(- t?`t?d); p. pr. & vb. n. Rehabilitating.] [Pref. re- re- + +habilitate: cf. LL. rehabilitare, F. réhabiliter.] To invest or clothe +again with some right, authority, or dignity; to restore to a former +capacity; to reinstate; to qualify again; to restore, as a delinquent, +to a former right, rank, or privilege lost or forfeited; - - a term of +civil and canon law. + + Restoring and rehabilitating the party. + + +Burke. + +Re`ha*bil`i*ta"tion (-t?"sh?n), n. [Cf. LL. rehabilitatio, F. +Réhabilitation.] The act of rehabilitating, or the state of being +rehabilitated. Bouvier. Walsh. + +Re*hash" (r?*h?sh"), v. t. To hash over again; to prepare or use again; +as, to rehash old arguments. + +Re*hash", n. Something hashed over, or made up from old materials. + +Re*hear" (r?*h?r"), v. t. To hear again; to try a second time; as, to +rehear a cause in Chancery. + +Re*hears"al (r?*h?rs"a), n. The act of rehearsing; recital; narration; +repetition; specifically, a private recital, performance, or season of +practice, in preparation for a public exhibition or exercise. Chaucer. + + In rehearsal of our Lord's Prayer. + + +Hooker. + + Here's marvelous convenient place for our rehearsal. + + +Shak. + +Dress rehearsal (Theater), a private preparatory performance of a +drama, opera, etc., in costume. + +Re*hearse" (r?*h?rs"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rehearsed (-h?rst"); p. pr. +& vb. n. Rehearsing.] [OE. rehercen, rehersen, OF. reherser, rehercier, +to harrow over again; pref. re- re- + hercier to harrow, fr. herce a +harrow, F. herse. See Hearse.] 1. To repeat, as what has been already +said; to tell over again; to recite. Chaucer. + + When the words were heard which David spake, they rehearsed them + before Saul. + + +1 Sam. xvii. 31. + +2. To narrate; to relate; to tell. + + Rehearse the righteous acts of the Lord. + + +Judg. . v. 11. + +3. To recite or repeat in private for experiment and improvement, +before a public representation; as, to rehearse a tragedy. + +4. To cause to rehearse; to instruct by rehearsal. [R.] + + He has been rehearsed by Madame Defarge as to his having seen her. + + +Dickens. + +Syn. -- To recite; recapitulate; recount; detail; describe; tell; +relate; narrate. + +Re*hearse", v. i. To recite or repeat something for practice. "There +will we rehearse." Shak. + +Re*hears"er (-?r), n. One who rehearses. + +Re*heat" (r?*h?t"), v. t. 1. To heat again. + +2. To revive; to cheer; to cherish. [Obs.] Rom. of R. + +Re`hi*bi"tion (r?`h?*b?sh"?n), n. [Pref. re- + L. habere to have.] +(Law) The returning of a thing purchased to the seller, on the ground +of defect or frand. + +Re*hib"i*to*ry (r?*h?b"?*t?*r?), a. (Law) Of or relating to rehibition; +as, a rehibitory action. + +Re*hire" (r?*h?r"), v. t. To hire again. + +Re`hy*poth"e*cate (r?`h?*p?th"?*k?t), v. t. (Law) To hypothecate again. +-- Re`hy*poth`e*ca"tion, n. + +Rei (r?), n.;pl. Reis (r&?;"&?;s or r&?;z). [Pg. real, pl. reis. See +Real a coin.] A portuguese money of account, in value about one tenth +of a cent. [Spelt also ree.] + +||Reichs"rath` (r?ks"r?t), n. [G] The parliament of Austria (exclusive +||of Hungary, which has its own diet, or parliament). It consists of an +||Upper and a Lower House, or a House of Lords and a House of +||Representatives. + +||Reichs"stand` (r?ks"st?t`), n. [G.] A free city of the former German +||empire. + +||Reichs"tag` (r?ks"t?g`), n. [G.] The Diet, or House of +||Representatives, of the German empire, which is composed of members +||elected for a term of three years by the direct vote of the people. +||See Bundesrath. + +Reif (r?f), n. [AS. re&?;f.] Robbery; spoil. [Obs.] + +Rei"gle (r?"g'l), n. [F. règle a rule, fr. L. regula. See Rule.] A +hollow cut or channel for quiding anything; as, the reigle of a side +post for a flood gate. Carew. + +Rei"gle, v. t. To regulate; to govern. [Obs.] + +Rei"gle*ment (-ment), n. [See Reglement.] Rule; regulation. [Obs.] +Bacon. Jer. Taylor. + +Reign (rn), n. [OE. regne, OF. reigne, regne, F. règne, fr. L. regnum, +fr. rex, regis, a king, fr. regere to guide, rule. See Regal, Regimen.] +1. Royal authority; supreme power; sovereignty; rule; dominion. + + He who like a father held his reign. + + +Pope. + + Saturn's sons received the threefold reign Of heaven, of ocean, and + deep hell beneath. + + +Prior. + +2. The territory or sphere which is reigned over; kingdom; empire; +realm; dominion. [Obs.] Spenser. + + [God] him bereft the regne that he had. + + +Chaucer. + +3. The time during which a king, queen, or emperor possesses the +supreme authority; as, it happened in the reign of Elizabeth. + +<! p. 1212 !> + +Reign (r?n), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Reigned (r?nd); p. pr. & vb. n. +Reigning.] [OE. regnen, reinen, OF. regner, F. régner, fr. L. regnare, +fr. regnum. See Reign, n.] 1. To possess or exercise sovereign power or +authority; to exercise government, as a king or emperor;; to hold +supreme power; to rule. Chaucer. + + We will not have this man to reign over us. + + +Luke xix. 14. + + Shall Banquo's issue ever Reign in this kingdom? + + +Shak. + +2. Hence, to be predominant; to prevail. "Pestilent diseases which +commonly reign in summer." Bacon. + +3. To have superior or uncontrolled dominion; to rule. + + Let not sin therefore reign in your mortal body. + + +Rom. vi. 12. + +Syn. -- To rule; govern; direct; control; prevail. + +Reign"er (r?n"?r), n. One who reigns. [R.] + +Re`il*lume" (r?`?l*l?m"), v. t. To light again; to cause to shine anew; +to relume; to reillumine. "Thou must reillume its spark." J. R. Drake. + +Re`il*lu"mi*nate (-l?"m?*n?t), v. t. To enlighten again; to reillumine. + +Re`il*lu`mi*na"tion (-n?"sh?n), n. The act or process of enlightening +again. + +Re`il*lu"mine (-l?"m?n), v. t. To illumine again or anew; to reillume. + +Reim (r?m), n. [D. riem, akin to G riemen; CF. Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?; a +towing line.] A strip of oxhide, deprived of hair, and rendered +pliable, -- used for twisting into ropes, etc. [South Africa] Simmonds. + +Re`im*bark" (r?`?m*b?rk"), v. t. & i. See Reëmbark. + +Re`im*bod"y (-b?d"?), v. t. & i. [See Reëmbody.] To imbody again. +Boyle. + +Re`im*burs"a*ble (r?`?m*b?rs"?*b'l), a. [CF. F. remboursable.] Capable +of being repaid; repayable. + + A loan has been made of two millions of dollars, reimbursable in + ten years. + + +A. Hamilton. + +Re`im*burse" (-b?rs"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reimbursed (-b?rst"); p. pr. +& vb. n. Reimbursing.] [Pref. re- + imburse: cf. F. rembourser.] 1. To +replace in a treasury or purse, as an equivalent for what has been +taken, lost, or expended; to refund; to pay back; to restore; as, to +reimburse the expenses of a war. + +2. To make restoration or payment of an equivalent to (a person); to +pay back to; to indemnify; -- often reflexive; as, to reimburse one's +self by successful speculation. Paley. + +Re`im*burse"ment (-b?rs"ment), n. [Cf. F. rembursement.] The act +reimbursing. A. Hamilton. + +Re`im*burs"er (-b?rs"?r), n. One who reimburses. + +Re`im*plant" (-pl?nt"), v. t. To implant again. + +Re`im*port" (-p?rt"), v. t. [Pref. re- + import: cf. F. remporter.] To +import again; to import what has been exported; to bring back. Young. + +Re*im`por*ta"tion (r?*?m`p?r*t?"sh?n), n. The act of reimporting; also, +that which is reimported. + +Re*im`por*tune" (-p?r*t?n"), v. t. To importune again. + +Re`im*pose" (r?`?m*p?z), v. t. To impose anew. + +Re`im*preg"nate (-pr?g"n?t), v. t. To impregnate again or anew. Sir T. +Browne. + +Re`im*press" (-pr?s"), v. t. To impress anew. + +Re`im*pres"sion (-pr?sh"?n), n. A second or repeated impression; a +reprint. + +Re`im*print" (-pr?nt"), v. t. To imprint again. + +Re`im*pris"on (-pr?z'n), v. t. To imprison again. + +Re`im*pris"on*ment (-ment), n. The act of reimprisoning, or the state +of being reimprisoned. + +Rein (r?n), n. [F. rêne, fr. (assumed) LL. retina, fr. L. retinere to +hold back. See Retain.] 1. The strap of a bridle, fastened to the curb +or snaffle on each side, by which the rider or driver governs the +horse. + + This knight laid hold upon his reyne. + + +Chaucer. + +2. Hence, an instrument or means of curbing, restraining, or governing; +government; restraint. "Let their eyes rove without rein." Milton. + +To give rein, To give the rein to, to give license to; to leave +withouut restrain. -- To take the reins, to take the guidance or +government; to assume control. + +Rein, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reined (r?nd); p. pr. & vb. n. Reining.] 1. +To govern or direct with the reins; as, to rein a horse one way or +another. + + He mounts and reins his horse. + + +Chapman. + +2. To restrain; to control; to check. + + Being once chafed, he can not Be reined again to temperance. + + +Shak. + +To rein in or rein up, to check the speed of, or cause to stop, by +drawing the reins. + +Rein, v. i. To be guided by reins. [R.] Shak. + +Re`in*au"gu*rate, v. t. To inaugurate anew. + +Re"in*cit" (-s?t"), v. t. To incite again. + +Re`in*cor"po*rate, v. t. To incorporate again. + +Re`in*crease" (-kr?s"), v. t. To increase again. + +Re`in*cur" (-k?r"), v. t. To incur again. + +Rein"deer` (r?n"d?r), n. [Icel. hreinn reindeer + E. deer. Icel. hreinn +is of Lapp or Finnish origin; cf. Lappish reino pasturage.] [Formerly +written also raindeer, and ranedeer.] (Zool.) Any ruminant of the genus +Rangifer, of the Deer family, found in the colder parts of both the +Eastern and Western hemispheres, and having long irregularly branched +antlers, with the brow tines palmate. + +The common European species (R. tarandus) is domesticated in Lapland. +The woodland reindeer or caribou (R. caribou) is found in Canada and +Maine (see Caribou.) The Barren Ground reindeer or caribou (R. +Grœnlandicus), of smaller size, is found on the shores of the Arctic +Ocean, in both hemispheries. + +Reindeer moss (Bot.), a gray branching lichen (Cladonia rangiferina) +which forms extensive patches on the ground in arctic and even in north +temperature regions. It is the principal food of the Lapland reindeer +in winter. -- Reindeer period (Geol.), a name sometimes given to a part +of the Paleolithic era when the reindeer was common over Central +Europe. + +Re`in*duce" (r?`?n*d?s"), v. t. To induce again. + +Rei*nette" (r?*n?t"), n. [F. See 1st Rennet.] (Bot.) A name given to +many different kinds of apples, mostly of French origin. + +Re`in*fect" (r?`?n*f?kt), v. t. [Pref. re- + infect: cf. F. +réinfecter.] To infect again. + +Re`in*fec"tious (-f?k"sh?s), a. Capable of reinfecting. + +Re`in*force" (-f?rs"), v. t. See Reënforce, v. t. + +Re`in*force", n. See Reënforce, n. + +Re`in*force"ment (-ment), n. See Reënforcement. + +Re`in*fund" (-f?nd"), v. i. [Pref. re- + L. infundere to pour in.] To +flow in anew. [Obs.] Swift. + +Re`in*gra"ti*ate (-gr?"sh?*?t), v. t. To ingratiate again or anew. Sir. +T. Herbert. + +Re`in*hab"it (-h?b"?t), v. t. To inhabit again. Mede. + +Rein"less (r?n"l?s), a. Not having, or not governed by, reins; hence, +not checked or restrained. + +Reins (rnz), n. pl. [F. rein, pl. reins, fr. L. ren, pl. renes.] 1. The +kidneys; also, the region of the kidneys; the loins. + +2. The inward impulses; the affections and passions; -- so called +because formerly supposed to have their seat in the part of the body +where the kidneys are. + + My reins rejoice, when thy lips speak right things. + + +Prov. xxiii. 16. + + I am he which searcheth the reins and hearts. + + +Rev. ii. 23. + +Reins of a vault (Arch.), the parts between the crown and the spring or +abutment, including, and having especial reference to, the loading or +filling behind the shell of the vault. The reins are to a vault nearly +what the haunches are to an arch, and when a vault gives way by +thrusting outward, it is because its reins are not sufficiently filled +up. + +Re`in*sert" (r?`?n*s?rt"), v. t. To insert again. + +Re`in*ser"tion (-s?r"sh?n), n. The act of reinserting. + +Re`in*spect" (-sp?kt"), v. t. To inspect again. + +Re`in*spec"tion (-sp?k"sh?n), n. The act of reinspecting. + +Re`in*spire" (-sp?r"), v. t. To inspire anew. Milton. + +Re`in*spir"it (-sp`r"?t), v. t. To give fresh spirit to. + +Re`in*stall" (-st?l"), v. t. [Pref. re- + install: cf. F. réinstaller.] +To install again. Milton. + +Re`in*stall"ment (-ment), n. A renewed installment. + +Re`in*state" (-st?t"), v. t. To place again in possession, or in a +former state; to restore to a state from which one had been removed; to +instate again; as, to reinstate a king in the possession of the +kingdom. + + For the just we have said already thet some of them were reinstated + in their pristine happiness and felicity. + + +Glanvill. + +Re`in*state"ment (-ment), n. The act of reinstating; the state of being +reinstated; re&?;stablishment. + +Re`in*sta"tion (-st?"sh?n), n. Reinstatement. [R.] + +Re`in*struct" (-str?kt"), v. t. To instruct anew. + +Re`in*sur"ance (-sh?r"ans), n. 1. Insurance a second time or again; +renewed insurance. + +2. A contract by which an insurer is insured wholly or in part against +the risk he has incurred in insuring somebody else. See Reassurance. + +Re`in*sure" (-sh?r"), v. t. 1. To insure again after a former insuranse +has ceased; to renew insurance on. + +2. To insure, as life or property, in favor of one who has taken an +insurance risk upon it. + + The innsurer may cause the property insured to be reinsured by + other persons. + + +Walsh. + +Re`in*sur"er (-sh?r"?r), n. One who gives reinsurance. + +Re*in"te*grate (r?*?n"t?*gr?t), v. t. [Pref. re- + integrate. Cf. +Redintegrate.] To renew with regard to any state or quality; to +restore; to bring again together into a whole, as the parts off +anything; to reëstablish; as, to reintegrate a nation. Bacon. + +Re*in`te*gra"tion (-gr?"sh?n), n. A renewing, or making whole again. +See Redintegration. + +Re`in*ter" (r?`?n*t?r"), v. t. To inter again. + +Re`in*ter"ro*gate (-t?r"r?*g?t), v. t. To interrogate again; to +question repeatedly. Cotgrave. + +Re`in*throne" (-thr?n"), v. t. See Reënthrone. + +Re`in*thron"ize (-?z), v. t. To enthrone again. [Obs.] + +Re*in`tro*duce" (r?*?n`tr?*d?s"), v. t. To introduce again. -- +Re*in`tro*duc"tion (- d&?;k"sh&?;n), n. + +Re`in*vest" (r?`?n*v?st"), v. t. To invest again or anew. + +Re`in*ves"ti*gate (-v?s"t?*g?t), v. t. To investigate again. -- +Re`in*ves`ti*ga"tion (- g&?;"sh&?;n), n. + +Re`in*vest"ment (-v?st"ment), n. The act of investing anew; a second or +repeated investment. + +Re`in*vig"or*ate (-v?g"?r*?t), v. t. To invigorate anew. + +Re`in*volve" (-v?lv"), v. t. To involve anew. + +||Re`is (r?"?s or r?z), n. [Pg., pl. of real, an ancient Portuguese +||coin.] The word is used as a Portuguese designation of money of +||account, one hundred reis being about equal in value to eleven cents. + +Reis (rs), n. [Ar. raïs head, chief, prince.] A common title in the +East for a person in authority, especially the captain of a ship. +[Written also rais and ras.] + +||Reis` Ef*fen"di (r?s` ?f*f?n"d?). [See 2d Reis, and Effendi.] A title +||formerly given to one of the chief Turkish officers of state. He was +||chancellor of the empire, etc. + +Reiss"ner's mem"brane (r?s"n?rz m?m"br?n). [Named from E. Reissner, A +German anatomist.] (Anat.) The thin membrane which separates the canal +of the cochlea from the vestibular scala in the internal ear. + +Re*is"su*a*ble (r?*?sh"?*?*b'l), a. Capable of being reissued. + +Re*is"sue (r?*?sh"?), v. t. & i. To issue a second time. + +Re*is"sue, n. A second or repeated issue. + +Reit (r?t), n. Sedge; seaweed. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] + +||Rei"ter (r?"t?r), n. [G., rider.] A German cavalry soldier of the +||fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. + +Re*it"er*ant (r?-?t"?r-ant), a. [See Reiterate.] Reiterating. [R.] Mrs. +Browning. + +Re*it"er*ate (-t), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reiterated (- `td); p. pr. & vb. +n. Reiterating.] [Pref. re- + iterate: cf. F. réitérer, LL. reiterare +to question again.] To repeat again and again; to say or do repeatedly; +sometimes, to repeat. + + That with reiterated crimes he might Heap on himself damnation. + + +Milton. + + You never spoke what did become you less Than this; which to + reiterate were sin. + + +Shak. + +Syn. -- To repeat; recapitulate; rehearse. + +Re*it"er*ate (-?t), a. Reiterated; repeated. [R.] + +Re*it"er*a`ted*ly (-?`t?d-l?), adv. Repeatedly. + +Re*it`er*a"tion (-?"sh?n), n. [Cf. F. réitération.] The act of +reiterating; that which is reiterated. + +Re*it"er*a*tive (r?-?t"?r-?-t?v), n. 1. (Gram.) A word expressing +repeated or reiterated action. + +2. A word formed from another, or used to form another, by repetition; +as, dillydally. + +Reiv"er (r?v"?r), n. See Reaver. Ruskin. + +Re*ject" (r?-j?kt"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rejected; p. pr. & vb. n. +Rejecting.] [L. rejectus, p. p. of reicere, rejicere; pref. re- re- + +jacere to throw: cf. F. rejeter, formerly also spelt rejecter. See Jet +a shooting forth.] + +1. To cast from one; to throw away; to discard. + + Therefore all this exercise of hunting . . . the Utopians have + rejected to their butchers. + + +Robynson (More's Utopia). + + Reject me not from among thy children. + + +Wisdom ix. 4. + +2. To refuse to receive or to acknowledge; to decline haughtily or +harshly; to repudiate. + + That golden scepter which thou didst reject. + + +Milton. + + Because thou hast rejected knowledge, I will also reject thee, that + thou shalt be no priest to me. + + +Hos. iv. 6. + +3. To refuse to grant; as, to reject a prayer or request. + +Syn. -- To repel; renounce; discard; rebuff; refuse; decline. + +Re*ject"a*ble (-?-b'l), a. Capable of being, or that ought to be, +rejected. + +||Re*jec`ta*men"ta (r?-j?k`t?-m?n"ta), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. rejectare, +||v. intens. fr. rejicere. See Reject.] Things thrown out or away; +||especially, things excreted by a living organism. J. Fleming. + +Re`jec*ta"ne*ous (r?`j?k-t?"n?-?s), a. [L. rejectaneus.] Not chosen or +received; rejected. [Obs.] "Profane, rejectaneous, and reprobate +people." Barrow. + +Re*ject"er (r?-j?kt"?r), n. One who rejects. + +Re*jec"tion (r?-j?k"sh?n), n. [L. rejectio: cf. F. réjection.] Act of +rejecting, or state of being rejected. + +Re`jec*ti"tious (r?`j?k-t?sh"?s), a. Implying or requiring rejection; +rejectable. Cudworth. + +Re*ject"ive (r?-j?kt"?v), a. Rejecting, or tending to reject. + +Re*ject"ment (-ment), n. Act of rejecting; matter rejected, or thrown +away. Eaton. + +Re*joice" (r*jois"), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rejoiced (-joist"); p. pr. & +vb. n. Rejoicing (-joi"s?ng).] [OE. rejoissen, OF. resjouir, resjoir, +F. réjouir; pref. re- re- + OF, esjouir, esjoir, F. éjouir, to rejoice; +pref. es- (L. ex-) + OF. jouir, joir, F. jouir, from L. gaudere to +rejoice. See Joy.] To feel joy; to experience gladness in a high +degree; to have pleasurable satisfaction; to be delighted. "O, rejoice +beyond a common joy." Shak. + + I will be glad and rejoice in thy mercy. + + +Ps. xxxi. 7. + +Syn. -- To delight; joy; exult; triumph. + +Re*joice", v. t. 1. To enjoy. [Obs.] Bp. Peacock. + +2. To give joy to; to make joyful; to gladden. + + I me rejoysed of my liberty. + + +Chaucer. + + While she, great saint, rejoices heaven. + + +Prior. + + Were he [Cain] alive, it would rejoice his soul to see what + mischief it had made. + + +Arbuthnot. + +Syn. -- To please; cheer; exhilarate; delight. + +Re*joice", n. The act of rejoicing. Sir T. Browne. + +Re*joice"ment (-ment), n. Rejoicing. [Obs.] + +Re*joi"cer (r?-joi"s?r), n. One who rejoices. + +Re*joi"cing (-s?ng), n. 1. Joy; gladness; delight. + + We should particularly express our rejoicing by love and charity to + our neighbors. + + +R. Nelson. + +2. The expression of joy or gladness. + + The voice of rejoicing and salvation is in the tabernacles of the + righteous. + + +Ps. cxviii. 15. + +3. That which causes to rejoice; occasion of joy. + + Thy testimonies have I taken as an heritage forever, for they are + the rejoicing of my heart. + + +Ps. cxix. 111. + +Re*joi"cing*ly, adv. With joi or exultation. + +Re*join" (r?-join"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rejoined (-joind"); p. pr. & +vb. n. Rejoining.] [F. rejoindre; pref. re- re- + joindre to join. See +Join, and cf. Rejoinder.] 1. To join again; to unite after separation. + +2. To come, or go, again into the presence of; to join the company of +again. + + Meet and rejoin me, in the pensive grot. + + +Pope. + +3. To state in reply; -- followed by an object clause. + +Re*join", v. i. 1. To answer to a reply. + +2. (Law) To answer, as the defendant to the plaintiff's replication. + +Re*join"der (-d?r), n. [From F. rejoindre, inf., to join again. See +Rejoin.] 1. An answer to a reply; or, in general, an answer or reply. + +2. (Law) The defendant's answer to the plaintiff's replication. + +Syn. -- Reply; answer; replication. See Reply. + +Re*join"der, v. i. To make a rejoinder. [Archaic] + +Re*join"dure (-dr), n. Act of joining again. [Obs.] "Beguiles our lips +of all rejoindure" (i.e., kisses). Shak. + +Re*joint" (r-joint"), v. t. 1. To reunite the joints of; to joint anew. +Barrow. + +2. Specifically (Arch.), to fill up the joints of, as stones in +buildings when the mortar has been dislodged by age and the action of +the weather. Gwilt. + +<! p. 1213 !> + +Re*jolt" (r?-j?lt"), n. A reacting jolt or shock; a rebound or recoil. +[R.] + + These inward rejolts and recoilings of the mind. + + +South. + +Re*jolt", v. t. To jolt or shake again. Locke. + +Re*journ" (r?-j?rn"), v. t. [Cf. F. réajourner. See Adjourn.] To +adjourn; to put off. [Obs.] Shak. + +Re*journ"ment (-ment), n. Adjournment. [Obs.] + +Re*judge" (r?-j?j"), v. t. To judge again; to reëxamine; to review; to +call to a new trial and decision. + + Rejudge his acts, and dignify disgrace. + + +Pope. + +Re*ju"ve*nate (r?-j?"v?-n?t), v. t. [Pref. re- re- + L. juventis young, +youthful.] To render young again. + +Re*ju`ve*na"tion (-n?"sh?n), n. Rejuvenescence. + +Re*ju`ve*nes"cence (-n?s"sens), n. 1. A renewing of youth; the state of +being or growing young again. + +2. (Bot.) A method of cell formation in which the entire protoplasm of +an old cell escapes by rupture of the cell wall, and then develops a +new cell wall. It is seen sometimes in the formation of zoöspores, etc. + +Re*ju`ve*nes"cen*cy (-sen-s?), n. Rejuvenescence. + +Re*ju`ve*nes"cent (-sent), a. Becoming, or causing to become, +rejuvenated; rejuvenating. + +Re*ju`ve*nize (r?-j?"v?-n?z), v. t. To rejuvenate. + +Re*kin"dle (r?-k?n"d'l), v. t. & i. To kindle again. + +Rek"ne (r?k"ne), v. t. To reckon. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Re*lade" (r*ld"), v. t. To lade or load again. + +Re*laid" (r*ld"), imp. & p. p. of Relay. + +||Re*lais" (re*l"), n. [F. See Relay, n.] (Fort.) A narrow space +||between the foot of the rampart and the scarp of the ditch, serving +||to receive the earth that may crumble off or be washed down, and +||prevent its falling into the ditch. Wilhelm. + +Re*land" (r?-l?nd"), v. t. To land again; to put on land, as that which +had been shipped or embarked. + +Re*land", v. i. To go on shore after having embarked; to land again. + +Re*lapse" (r?-l?ps"), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Relapsed (-l?pst"); p. pr. & +vb. n. Relapsing.] [L. relapsus, p. p. of relabi to slip back, to +relapse; pref. re- re- + labi to fall, slip, slide. See Lapse.] 1. To +slip or slide back, in a literal sense; to turn back. [Obs.] Dryden. + +2. To slide or turn back into a former state or practice; to fall back +from some condition attained; -- generally in a bad sense, as from a +state of convalescence or amended condition; as, to relapse into a +stupor, into vice, or into barbarism; -- sometimes in a good sense; as, +to relapse into slumber after being disturbed. + + That task performed, [preachers] relapse into themselves. + + +Cowper. + +3. (Theol.) To fall from Christian faith into paganism, heresy, or +unbelief; to backslide. + + They enter into the justified state, and so continue all along, + unless they relapse. + + +Waterland. + +Re*lapse", n. [For sense 2 cf. F. relaps. See Relapse, v.] 1. A sliding +or falling back, especially into a former bad state, either of body or +morals; backsliding; the state of having fallen back. + + Alas! from what high hope to what relapse Unlooked for are we + fallen! + + +Milton. + +2. One who has relapsed, or fallen back, into error; a backslider; +specifically, one who, after recanting error, returns to it again. +[Obs.] + +Re*laps"er (-l?ps"?r), n. One who relapses. Bp. Hall. + +Re*laps"ing, a. Marked by a relapse; falling back; tending to return to +a former worse state. + +Relapsing fever (Med.), an acute, epidemic, contagious fever, which +prevails also endemically in Ireland, Russia, and some other regions. +It is marked by one or two remissions of the fever, by articular and +muscular pains, and by the presence, during the paroxism of spiral +bacterium (Spirochæte) in the blood. It is not usually fatal. Called +also famine fever, and recurring fever. + +Re*late" (r?-l?t"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Related; p. pr. & vb. n. +Relating.] [F. relater to recount, LL. relatare, fr. L. relatus, used +as p. p. of referre. See Elate, and cf. Refer.] 1. To bring back; to +restore. [Obs.] + + Abate your zealous haste, till morrow next again Both light of + heaven and strength of men relate. + + +Spenser. + +2. To refer; to ascribe, as to a source. [Obs. or R.] + +3. To recount; to narrate; to tell over. + + This heavy act with heavy heart relate. + + +Shak. + +4. To ally by connection or kindred. + +To relate one's self, to vent thoughts in words. [R.] + +Syn. -- To tell; recite; narrate; recount; rehearse; report; detail; +describe. + +Re*late", v. i. 1. To stand in some relation; to have bearing or +concern; to pertain; to refer; -- with to. + + All negative or privative words relate positive ideas. + + +Locke. + +2. To make reference; to take account. [R.& Obs.] + + Reckoning by the years of their own consecration without relating + to any imperial account. + + +Fuller. + +Re*lat"ed (-l?t"?d), p. p. & a. 1. Allied by kindred; connected by +blood or alliance, particularly by consanguinity; as, persons related +in the first or second degree. + +2. Standing in relation or connection; as, the electric and magnetic +forcec are closely related. + +3. Narrated; told. + +4. (Mus.) Same as Relative, 4. + +Re*lat"ed*ness, n. The state or condition of being related; +relationship; affinity. [R.] Emerson. + +Re*lat"er (-?r), n. One who relates or narrates. + +Re*la"tion (r?-l?"sh?n), n. [F. relation, L. relatio. See Relate.] 1. +The act of relating or telling; also, that which is related; recital; +account; narration; narrative; as, the relation of historical events. + + &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;&?;oet's relation doth well figure them. + + +Bacon. + +2. The state of being related or of referring; what is apprehended as +appertaining to a being or quality, by considering it in its bearing +upon something else; relative quality or condition; the being such and +such with regard or respect to some other thing; connection; as, the +relation of experience to knowledge; the relation of master to servant. + + Any sort of connection which is perceived or imagined between two + or more things, or any comparison which is made by the mind, is a + relation. + + +I. Taylor. + +3. Reference; respect; regard. + + I have been importuned to make some observations on this art in + relation to its agreement with poetry. + + +Dryden. + +4. Connection by consanguinity or affinity; kinship; relationship; as, +the relation of parents and children. + + Relations dear, and all the charities Of father, son, and brother, + first were known. + + +Milton. + +5. A person connected by cosanguinity or affinity; a relative; a +kinsman or kinswoman. + + For me . . . my relation does not care a rush. + + +Ld. Lytton. + +6. (Law) (a) The carrying back, and giving effect or operation to, an +act or proceeding frrom some previous date or time, by a sort of +fiction, as if it had happened or begun at that time. In such case the +act is said to take effect by relation. (b) The act of a relator at +whose instance a suit is begun. Wharton. Burrill. + +Syn. -- Recital; rehearsal; narration; account; narrative; tale; +detail; description; kindred; kinship; consanguinity; affinity; +kinsman; kinswoman. + +Re*la"tion*al (r?-l?"sh?n-al), a. 1. Having relation or kindred; +related. + + We might be tempted to take these two nations for relational stems. + + +Tooke. + +2. Indicating or specifying some relation. + + Relational words, as prepositions, auxiliaries, etc. + + +R. Morris. + +Re*la"tion*ist, n. A relative; a relation. [Obs.] + +Re*la"tion*ship, n. The state of being related by kindred, affinity, or +other alliance. Mason. + +Rel"a*tive (r?l"?-t?v), a. [F. relatif, L. relativus. See Relate.] 1. +Having relation or reference; referring; respecting; standing in +connection; pertaining; as, arguments not relative to the subject. + + I'll have grounds More relative than this. + + +Shak. + +2. Arising from relation; resulting from connection with, or reference +to, something else; not absolute. + + Every thing sustains both an absolute and a relative capacity: an + absolute, as it is such a thing, endued with such a nature; and a + relative, as it is a part of the universe, and so stands in such a + relations to the whole. + + +South. + +3. (Gram.) Indicating or expressing relation; refering to an +antecedent; as, a relative pronoun. + +4. (Mus.) Characterizing or pertaining to chords and keys, which, by +reason of the identify of some of their tones, admit of a natural +transition from one to the other. Moore (Encyc. of Music). + +Relative clause (Gram.), a clause introduced by a relative pronoun. -- +Relative term, a term which implies relation to, as guardian to ward, +matter to servant, husband to wife. Cf. Correlative. + +Rel"a*tive, n. One who, or that which, relates to, or is considered in +its relation to, something else; a relative object or term; one of two +object or term; one of two objects directly connected by any relation. +Specifically: (a) A person connected by blood or affinity; strictly, +one allied by blood; a relation; a kinsman or kinswoman. "Confining our +care . . . to ourselves and relatives." Bp. Fell. (b) (Gram.) A +relative pronoun; a word which relates to, or represents, another word +or phrase, called its antecedent; as, the relatives "who", "which", +"that". + +Rel"a*tive*ly, adv. In a relative manner; in relation or respect to +something else; not absolutely. + + Consider the absolute affections of any being as it is in itself, + before you consider it relatively. + + +I. Watts. + +Rel"a*tive*ness, n. The state of being relative, or having relation; +relativity. + +Rel`a*tiv"i*ty (-t?v"?-t?), n. The state of being relative; as, the +relativity of a subject. Coleridge. + +Re*lat"or (r?-l?t"?r), n. [ L.: cf. F. relateur. See Relate.] 1. One +who relates; a relater. "The several relators of this history." Fuller. + +2. (Law) A private person at whose relation, or in whose behalf, the +attorney-general allows an information in the nature of a quo warranto +to be filed. + +Re*lat"rix (-r?ks), n. [L.] (Law) A female relator. + +Re*lax" (r?-l?ks"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Relaxed (-l?kst"); p. pr. & vb. +n. Relaxing.] [L. relaxare; pref. re- re- + laxare to loose, to +slacken, from laxus loose. See Lax, and cf. Relay, n., Release.] 1. To +make lax or loose; to make less close, firm, rigid, tense, or the like; +to slacken; to loosen; to open; as, to relax a rope or cord; to relax +the muscles or sinews. + + Horror . . . all his joints relaxed. + + +Milton. + + Nor served it to relax their serried files. + + +Milton. + +2. To make less severe or rigorous; to abate the stringency of; to +remit in respect to strenuousness, earnestness, or effort; as, to relax +discipline; to relax one's attention or endeavors. + + The statute of mortmain was at several times relaxed by the + legislature. + + +Swift. + +3. Hence, to relieve from attention or effort; to ease; to recreate; to +divert; as, amusement relaxes the mind. + +4. To relieve from constipation; to loosen; to open; as, an aperient +relaxes the bowels. + +Syn. -- To slacken; loosen; loose; remit; abate; mitigate; ease; +unbend; divert. + +Re*lax", v. i. 1. To become lax, weak, or loose; as, to let one's grasp +relax. + + His knees relax with toil. + + +Pope. + +2. To abate in severity; to become less rigorous. + + In others she relaxed again, And governed with a looser rein. + + +Prior. + +3. To remit attention or effort; to become less diligent; to unbend; +as, to relax in study. + +Re*lax", n. Relaxation. [Obs.] Feltham. + +Re**lax", a. Relaxed; lax; hence, remiss; careless. + +Re*lax"a*ble (-?-b'l), a. Capable of being relaxed. + +Re*lax"ant (r?-l?ks"ant), n. [L. relaxans, p. pr. of relaxare.] (Med.) +A medicine that relaxes; a laxative. + +Re`lax*a"tion (r?`l?ks-?"sh?n;277), n. [L. relaxatio; cf. F. +relaxation.] 1. The act or process of relaxing, or the state of being +relaxed; as, relaxation of the muscles; relaxation of a law. + +2. Remission from attention and effort; indulgence in recreation, +diversion, or amusement. "Hours of careless relaxation." Macaulay. + +Re*lax"a*tive (r?-l?ks"?-t?v), a. Having the quality of relaxing; +laxative. -- n. A relaxant. B. Jonson. + +Re*lay" (r?-l?"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Relaid (-l?d); p. pr. & vb. n. +Relaying.] [Pref. re- + lay, v.] To lay again; to lay a second time; +as, to relay a pavement. + +Re*lay" (r?-l?"), n. [F. relais (cf. OF. relais relaxation, +discontinuance, It. rilascio release, relief, rilasso relay), fr. OF. +relaissier to abandon, release, fr. L. relaxare. See Relax.] 1. A +supply of anything arranged beforehand for affording relief from time +to time, or at successive stages; provision for successive relief. +Specifically: (a) A supply of horses placced at stations to be in +readiness to relieve others, so that a trveler may proceed without +delay. (b) A supply of hunting dogs or horses kept in readiness at +certain places to relive the tired dogs or horses, and to continue the +pursuit of the game if it comes that way. (c) A number of men who +relieve others in carrying on some work. + +2. (Elec.) In various forms of telegraphic apparatus, a magnet which +receives the circuit current, and is caused by it to bring into into +action the power of a local battery for performing the work of making +the record; also, a similar device by which the current in one circuit +is made to open or close another circuit in which a current is passing. + +Relay battery (Elec.), the local battery which is brought into use by +the action of the relay magnet, or relay. + +Rel"bun (r?l"b?n), n. The roots of the Chilian plant Calceolaria +arachnoidea, -- used for dyeing crimson. + +Re*leas"a*ble (r?-l?s"?-b'l), a. That may be released. + +Re*lease" (r?-l?s"), v. t. [Pref. re + lease to let.] To lease again; +to grant a new lease of; to let back. + +Re*lease" (r?-l?s"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Released (r?*l?st"); p. pr. & +vb. n. Releasing.] [OE. relessen, OF. relassier, to release, to let +free. See Relay, n., Relax, and cf. Release to lease again.] 1. To let +loose again; to set free from restraint, confinement, or servitude; to +give liberty to, or to set at liberty; to let go. + + Now at that feast he released unto them one prisoner, whomsoever + they desired. + + +Mark xv. 6. + +2. To relieve from something that confines, burdens, or oppresses, as +from pain, trouble, obligation, penalty. + +3. (Law) To let go, as a legal claim; to discharge or relinquish a +right to, as lands or tenements, by conveying to another who has some +right or estate in possession, as when the person in remainder releases +his right to the tenant in possession; to quit. + +4. To loosen; to relax; to remove the obligation of; as, to release an +ordinance. [Obs.] Hooker. + + A sacred vow that none should aye release. + + +Spenser. + +Syn. -- To free; liberate; loose; discharge; disengage; extricate; let +go; quit; acquit. + +Re*lease", n. 1. The act of letting loose or freeing, or the state of +being let loose or freed; liberation or discharge from restraint of any +kind, as from confinement or bondage. "Who boast'st release from hell." +Milton. + +2. Relief from care, pain, or any burden. + +3. Discharge from obligation or responsibility, as from debt, penalty, +or claim of any kind; acquittance. + +4. (Law) A giving up or relinquishment of some right or claim; a +conveyance of a man's right in lands or tenements to another who has +some estate in possession; a quitclaim. Blackstone. + +5. (Steam Engine) The act of opening the exhaust port to allow the +steam to escape. + +Lease and release. (Law) See under Lease. -- Out of release, without +cessation. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Syn. -- Liberation; freedom; discharge. See Death. + +Re*leas`ee" (-?"), n. One to whom a release is given. + +Re*lease"ment (r?-l?s"ment), n. The act of releasing, as from +confinement or obligation. Milton. + +Re*leas"er (-?r), n. One who releases, or sets free. + +Re*leas"or (-?r), n. One by whom a release is given. + +Rel"e*gate (r?l"?-g?t), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Relegated (-g?`t?d); p. pr. +& vb. n. Relegating.] [L. relegatus, p. p. of relegare; pref. re- re- + +legare to send with a commission or charge. See Legate.] To remove, +usually to an inferior position; to consign; to transfer; specifically, +to send into exile; to banish. + + It [the Latin language] was relegated into the study of the + scholar. + + +Milman. + +Rel`e*ga"tion (-g?"sh?n), n. [L. relegatio: cf. F. relégation.] The act +of relegating, or the state of being relegated; removal; banishment; +exile. + +Re*lent" (r?-l?nt"), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Relented; p. pr. & vb. n. +Relenting.] [F. ralentir, fr. L. pref. re- re- + ad to + lentus pliant, +flexible, slow. See Lithe.] 1. To become less rigid or hard; to yield; +to dissolve; to melt; to deliquesce. [Obs.] + + He stirred the coals till relente gan The wax again the fire. + + +Chaucer. + + [Salt of tartar] placed in a cellar will . . . begin to relent. + + +Boyle. + + When opening buds salute the welcome day, And earth, relenting, + feels the genial ray. + + +Pope. + +2. To become less severe or intense; to become less hard, harsh, cruel, +or the like; to soften in temper; to become more mild and tender; to +feel compassion. + + Can you . . . behold My sighs and tears, and will not once relent? + + +Shak. + +Re*lent", v. t. 1. To slacken; to abate. [Obs.] + + And oftentimes he would relent his pace. + + +Spenser. + +2. To soften; to dissolve. [Obs.] + +3. To mollify ; to cause to be less harsh or severe. [Obs.] + +<! p. 1214 !> + +Re*lent" (r?-l?nt"), n. Stay; stop; delay. [Obs.] + + Nor rested till she came without relent Unto the land of Amazons. + + +Spenser. + +Re*lent"less, a. Unmoved by appeals for sympathy or forgiveness; +insensible to the distresses of others; destitute of tenderness; +unrelenting; unyielding; unpitying; as, a prey to relentless despotism. + + For this the avenging power employs his darts, . . . Thus will + persist, relentless in his ire. + + +Dryden. + +-- Re*lent"less*ly, adv. -- Re*lent"less*ness, n. + +Re*lent"ment (-ment), n. The act or process of relenting; the state of +having relented. Sir T. Browne. + +Re*lesse" (r?-l?s"), v. t. To release. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Re`les*see" (r?`l?s-s?"), n. See Releasee. + +Re`les*sor" (-s?r"), n. See Releasor. + +Re-let" (r?-l?t"), v. t. To let anew, as a house. + +{ Rel"e*vance (r?l"?*vans), Rel"e*van*cy (-van*s?), } n. 1. The quality +or state of being relevant; pertinency; applicability. + + Its answer little meaning, little relevancy bore. + + +Poe. + +2. (Scots Law) Sufficiency to infer the conclusion. + +Rel"e*vant (-vant), a. [F. relevant, p. pr. of relever to raise again, +to relieve. See Relieve.] 1. Relieving; lending aid or support. [R.] +Pownall. + +2. Bearing upon, or properly applying to, the case in hand; pertinent; +applicable. + + Close and relevant arguments have very little hold on the passions. + + +Sydney Smith. + +3. (Scots Law) Sufficient to support the cause. + +Rel"e*vant*ly, adv. In a relevant manner. + +Rel`e*va"tion (-v?"sh?n), n. [L. relevatio, fr. relevare. See Relieve.] +A raising or lifting up. [Obs.] + +Re*li`a*bil"i*ty (r?-l?`?-b?l"?-t?), n. The state or quality of being +reliable; reliableness. + +Re*li"a*ble (r?-l?"?-b'l), a. Suitable or fit to be relied on; worthy +of dependance or reliance; trustworthy. "A reliable witness to the +truth of the miracles." A. Norton. + + The best means, and most reliable pledge, of a higher object. + + +Coleridge. + + According to General Livingston's humorous account, his own village + of Elizabethtown was not much more reliable, being peopled in those + agitated times by "unknown, unrecommended strangers, guilty-looking + Tories, and very knavish Whigs." + + +W. Irving. + +Some authors take exception to this word, maintaining that it is +unnecessary, and irregular in formation. It is, however, sanctioned by +the practice of many careful writers as a most convenient substitute +for the phrase to be relied upon, and a useful synonym for trustworthy, +which is by preference applied to persons, as reliable is to things, +such as an account, statement, or the like. The objection that +adjectives derived from neuter verbs do not admit of a passive sense is +met by the citation of laughable, worthy of being laughed at, from the +neuter verb to laugh; available, fit or able to be availed of, from the +neuter verb to avail; dispensable, capable of being dispensed with, +from the neuter verb to dispense. Other examples might be added. + +-- Re*li"a*ble*ness, n. -- Re*li"a*bly, adv. + +Re*li"ance (-ans), n. [From Rely.] 1. The act of relying, or the +condition or quality of being reliant; dependence; confidence; trust; +repose of mind upon what is deemed sufficient support or authority. + + In reliance on promises which proved to be of very little value. + + +Macaulay. + +2. Anything on which to rely; dependence; ground of trust; as, the boat +was a poor reliance. Richardson. + +Re*li"ant (-ant), a. Having, or characterized by, reliance; confident; +trusting. + +Rel"ic (r?l"?k), n. [F. relique, from L. reliquiae, pl., akin to +relinquere to leave behind. See Relinquish.] [Formerly written also +relique.] 1. That which remains; that which is left after loss or +decay; a remaining portion; a remnant. Chaucer. Wyclif. + + The relics of lost innocence. + + +Kebe. + + The fragments, scraps, the bits and greasy relics. + + +Shak. + +2. The body from which the soul has departed; a corpse; especially, the +body, or some part of the body, of a deceased saint or martyr; -- +usually in the plural when referring to the whole body. + + There are very few treasuries of relics in Italy that have not a + tooth or a bone of this saint. + + +Addison. + + Thy relics, Rowe, to this fair urn we trust, And sacred place by + Dryden's awful dust. + + +Pope. + +3. Hence, a memorial; anything preserved in remembrance; as, relics of +youthful days or friendships. + + The pearls were spilt; Some lost, some stolen, some as relics kept. + + +Tennyson. + +Rel"ic*ly, adv. In the manner of relics. [Obs.] + +Rel"ict (-?kt), n. [L. relicta, fr. of relictus, p. p. of relinquere to +leave behind. See Relinquish.] A woman whose husband is dead; a widow. + + Eli dying without issue, Jacob was obliged by law to marry his + relict, and so to raise up seed to his brother Eli. + + +South. + +Re*lict"ed (r?-l?kt"?d), a. [L. relictus, p. p.] (Law) Left uncovered, +as land by recession of water. Bouvier. + +Re*lic"tion (r?-l?k"sh?n), n. [L. relictio a leaving behind.] (Law) A +leaving dry; a recession of the sea or other water, leaving dry land; +land left uncovered by such recession. Burrill. + +Re*lief" (r?-l?f"), n. [OE. relef, F. relief, properly, a lifting up, a +standing out. See Relieve, and cf. Basrelief, Rilievi.] 1. The act of +relieving, or the state of being relieved; the removal, or partial +removal, of any evil, or of anything oppressive or burdensome, by which +some ease is obtained; succor; alleviation; comfort; ease; redress. + + He sees the dire contagion spread so fast, That, where it seizes, + all relief is vain. + + +Dryden. + +2. Release from a post, or from the performance of duty, by the +intervention of others, by discharge, or by relay; as, a relief of a +sentry. + + For this relief much thanks; 'tis bitter cold. + + +Shak. + +3. That which removes or lessens evil, pain, discomfort, uneasiness, +etc.; that which gives succor, aid, or comfort; also, the person who +relieves from performance of duty by taking the place of another; a +relay. + +4. (Feudal Law) A fine or composition which the heir of a deceased +tenant paid to the lord for the privilege of taking up the estate, +which, on strict feudal principles, had lapsed or fallen to the lord on +the death of the tenant. + +5. (Sculp. & Arch.) The projection of a figure above the ground or +plane on which it is formed. + +Relief is of three kinds, namely, high relief (altorilievo), low +relief, (basso-rilievo), and demirelief (mezzo-rilievo). See these +terms in the Vocabulary. + +6. (Paint.) The appearance of projection given by shading, shadow, +etc., to any figure. + +7. (Fort.) The height to which works are raised above the bottom of the +ditch. Wilhelm. + +8. (Physical Geog.) The elevations and surface undulations of a +country. Guyot. + +Relief valve, a valve arranged for relieving pressure of steam, gas, or +liquid; an escape valve. + +Syn. -- Alleviation; mitigation; aid; help; succor; assistance; remedy; +redress; indemnification. + +Re*lief"ful (r?-l?f"f?l), a. Giving relief. [Obs.] + +Re*lief"less, a. Destitute of relief; also, remediless. + +Re*li"er (r?-l?"?r), n. [From Rely.] One who relies. + +Re*liev"a*ble (r?-l?v"?-b'l), a. Capable of being relieved; fitted to +recieve relief. Sir M. Hale. + +Re*lieve" (r?-l?v"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Relieved (-l?vd"); p. pr. & +vb. n. Relieving.] [OE. releven, F. relever to raise again, discharge, +relieve, fr. L. relevare to lift up, raise, make light, relieve; pref. +re- re- + levare to raise, fr. levis light. See Levity, and cf. +Relevant, Relief.] 1. To lift up; to raise again, as one who has +fallen; to cause to rise. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. + +2. To cause to seem to rise; to put in relief; to give prominence or +conspicuousness to; to set off by contrast. + + Her tall figure relieved against the blue sky; seemed almost of + supernatural height. + + +Sir W. Scott. + +3. To raise up something in; to introduce a contrast or variety into; +to remove the monotony or sameness of. + + The poet must . . . sometimes relieve the subject with a moral + reflection. + + +Addison. + +4. To raise or remove, as anything which depresses, weighs down, or +crushes; to render less burdensome or afflicting; to alleviate; to +abate; to mitigate; to lessen; as, to relieve pain; to relieve the +wants of the poor. + +5. To free, wholly or partly, from any burden, trial, evil, distress, +or the like; to give ease, comfort, or consolation to; to give aid, +help, or succor to; to support, strengthen, or deliver; as, to relieve +a besieged town. + + Now lend assistance and relieve the poor. + + +Dryden. + +6. To release from a post, station, or duty; to put another in place +of, or to take the place of, in the bearing of any burden, or discharge +of any duty. + + Who hath relieved you? + + +Shak. + +7. To ease of any imposition, burden, wrong, or oppression, by judicial +or legislative interposition, as by the removal of a grievance, by +indemnification for losses, or the like; to right. + +Syn. -- To alleviate; assuage; succor; assist; aid; help; support; +substain; ease; mitigate; lighten; diminish; remove; free; remedy; +redress; indemnify. + +Re*lieve"ment (-ment), n. The act of relieving, or the state of being +relieved; relief; release. [Archaic.] + +Re*liev"er (-?r), n. One who, or that which, relieves. + +Re*liev"ing, a. Serving or tending to relieve. + +Relieving arch (Arch.), a discharging arch. See under Discharge, v. t. +-- Relieving tackle. (Naut.) (a) A temporary tackle attached to the +tiller of a vessel during gales or an action, in case of accident to +the tiller ropes. (b) A strong tackle from a wharf to a careened +vessel, to prevent her from going over entirely, and to assist in +righting her. Totten. Craig. + +Re*lie"vo (r?-l?"v?), n. [It. rilievo.] See Relief, n., 5. + +Re*light" (r?-l?t"), v. t. To light or kindle anew. + +{ ||Re*li`gi`euse" (re-l?`zh?`?z"), n. f. ||Re*li`gi`eux" +(re-l?`zh?`?"), n. m. } [F.] A person bound by monastic vows; a nun; a +monk. + +Re*li"gion (r*lj"n), n. [F., from L. religio; cf. religens pious, +revering the gods, Gr. 'ale`gein to heed, have a care. Cf. Neglect.] 1. +The outward act or form by which men indicate their recognition of the +existence of a god or of gods having power over their destiny, to whom +obedience, service, and honor are due; the feeling or expression of +human love, fear, or awe of some superhuman and overruling power, +whether by profession of belief, by observance of rites and ceremonies, +or by the conduct of life; a system of faith and worship; a +manifestation of piety; as, ethical religions; monotheistic religions; +natural religion; revealed religion; the religion of the Jews; the +religion of idol worshipers. + + An orderly life so far as others are able to observe us is now and + then produced by prudential motives or by dint of habit; but + without seriousness there can be no religious principle at the + bottom, no course of conduct from religious motives; in a word, + there can be no religion. + + +Paley. + + Religion [was] not, as too often now, used as equivalent for + godliness; but . . . it expressed the outer form and embodiment + which the inward spirit of a true or a false devotion assumed. + + +Trench. + + Religions, by which are meant the modes of divine worship proper to + different tribes, nations, or communities, and based on the belief + held in common by the members of them severally. . . . There is no + living religion without something like a doctrine. On the other + hand, a doctrine, however elaborate, does not constitute a + religion. + + +C. P. Tiele (Encyc. Brit.). + + Religion . . . means the conscious relation between man and God, + and the expression of that relation in human conduct. + + +J. Köstlin (Schaff-Herzog Encyc.) + + After the most straitest sect of our religion I lived a Pharisee. + + +Acts xxvi. 5. + + The image of a brute, adorned With gay religions full of pomp and + gold. + + +Milton. + +2. Specifically, conformity in faith and life to the precepts +inculcated in the Bible, respecting the conduct of life and duty toward +God and man; the Christian faith and practice. + + Let us with caution indulge the supposition that morality can be + maintained without religion. + + +Washington. + + Religion will attend you . . . as a pleasant and useful companion + in every proper place, and every temperate occupation of life. + + +Buckminster. + +3. (R. C. Ch.) A monastic or religious order subject to a regulated +mode of life; the religious state; as, to enter religion. Trench. + + A good man was there of religion. + + +Chaucer. + +4. Strictness of fidelity in conforming to any practice, as if it were +an enjoined rule of conduct. [R.] + + Those parts of pleading which in ancient times might perhaps be + material, but at this time are become only mere styles and forms, + are still continued with much religion. + + +Sir M. Hale. + +Religion, as distinguished from theology, is subjective, designating +the feelings and acts of men which relate to God; while theology is +objective, and denotes those ideas which man entertains respecting the +God whom he worships, especially his systematized views of God. As +distinguished from morality, religion denotes the influences and +motives to human duty which are found in the character and will of God, +while morality describes the duties to man, to which true religion +always influences. As distinguished from piety, religion is a high +sense of moral obligation and spirit of reverence or worship which +affect the heart of man with respect to the Deity, while piety, which +first expressed the feelings of a child toward a parent, is used for +that filial sentiment of veneration and love which we owe to the Father +of all. As distinguished from sanctity, religion is the means by which +sanctity is achieved, sanctity denoting primarily that purity of heart +and life which results from habitual communion with God, and a sense of +his continual presence. + +Natural religion, a religion based upon the evidences of a God and his +qualities, which is supplied by natural phenomena. See Natural +theology, under Natural. -- Religion of humanity, a name sometimes +given to a religion founded upon positivism as a philosophical basis. +-- Revealed religion, that which is based upon direct communication of +God's will to mankind; especially, the Christian religion, based on the +revelations recorded in the Old and New Testaments. + +Re*li"gion*a*ry (r?-l?j"?n-?-r?), a. Relating to religion; pious; as, +religionary professions. [Obs.] + +{ Re*li"gion*a*ry, Re*li"gion*er (-?r), } n. A religionist. [R.] + +Re*li"gion*ism (-?z'm), n. 1. The practice of, or devotion to, +religion. + +2. Affectation or pretense of religion. + +Re*li"gion*ist, n. One earnestly devoted or attached to a religion; a +religious zealot. + + The chief actors on one side were, and were to be, the Puritan + religionists. + + +Palfrey. + + It might be that an Antinomian, a Quaker, or other heterodo&?; + religionists, was to be scourged out of the town. + + +Hawthorne. + +Re*li"gion*ize (-?z), v. t. To bring under the influence of religion. +[R.] Mallock. + +Re*li"gion*less, a. Destitute of religion. + +Re*lig`i*os"i*ty (-l?j`?-?s"?-t?), n. [L. religiositas: cf. F. +religiosit&?;.] The quality of being religious; religious feeling or +sentiment; religiousness. [R.] M. Arnold. + +Re*li"gious (r?-l?j"?s), a. [OF. religius, religious, F. religieux, +from L. religiosus. See Religion.] 1. Of or pertaining to religion; +concerned with religion; teaching, or setting forth, religion; set +apart to religion; as, a religious society; a religious sect; a +religious place; religious subjects, books, teachers, houses, wars. + + Our law forbids at their religious rites My presence. + + +Milton. + +2. Possessing, or conforming to, religion; pious; godly; as, a +religious man, life, behavior, etc. + + Men whose lives Religious titled them the sons of God. + + +Mlton + +3. Scrupulously faithful or exact; strict. + + Thus, Indianlike, Religious in my error, I adore The sun, that + looks upon his worshiper. + + +Shak. + +4. Belonging to a religious order; bound by vows. + + One of them is religious. + + +Chaucer. + +Syn. -- Pious; godly; holy; devout; devotional; conscientious; strict; +rogod; exact. + +Re*li"gious, n. A person bound by monastic vows, or sequestered from +secular concern, and devoted to a life of piety and religion; a monk or +friar; a nun. Addison. + +Re*li"gious*ly, adv. In a religious manner. Drayton. + +Re*li"gious*ness, n. The quality of being religious. + +Rel"ik (r?l"?k), n. Relic. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Re*lin"quent (r?-l?n"kwent), a. [L. relinquens, p. pr. of relinqquere. +See Relinquish.] Relinquishing. [R.] + +Re*lin"quent, n. One who relinquishes. [R.] + +Re*lin"quish (-kw?sh), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Relinquished (-kw?sht); p. +pr. & vb. n. Relinquishing.] [OF. relinquir, L. relinquere to leave +behind; pref. re- re + linquere to leave. See Loan, and cf. Relic, +Relict.] + +1. To withdraw from; to leave behind; to desist from; to abandon; to +quit; as, to relinquish a pursuit. + + We ought to relinquish such rites. + + +Hooker. + + They placed Irish tenants upon the lands relinquished by the + English. + + +Sir J. Davies. + +2. To give up; to renounce a claim to; resign; as, to relinquish a +debt. + +Syn. -- To resign; leave; quit; forsake; abandon; desert; renounce; +forb&?;ar; forego. See Resign. + +Re*lin"quish*er (-r?r), n. One who relinquishes. + +Re*lin"quish*ment (-ment), n. The act of relinquishing. + +Rel"i*qua*ry (r?l"?-kw?-r?), n.; pl. -ries (-rz). [LL. reliquiarium, +reliquiare: cf. F. reliquaire. See Relic.] A depositary, often a small +box or casket, in which relics are kept. + +Re*lique" (r?-l?k"), n. [F.] See Relic. Chaucer. + +||Re*liq"ui*æ (r?-l?k"w?-?), n. pl. [L. See Relic.] + +1. Remains of the dead; organic remains; relics. + +2. (Bot.) Same as Induviæ. + +<! p. 1215 !> + +Re*liq"ui*an (r?-l?k"w?-an), a. Of or pertaining to a relic or relics; +of the nature of a relic. [R.] + +Re*liq"ui*date (r?-l?k"w?-d?t), v. t. To liquidate anew; to adjust a +second time. + +Re*liq`ui*da"tion (-d"sh?n), n. A second or renewed liquidation; a +renewed adjustment. A. Hamilton. + +Rel"ish (r?l"?sh), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Relished (-&?;sht); p. pr. & vb. +n. Relishing.] [Of. relechier to lick or taste anew; pref. re- re-+ +lechier to lick, F. l&?;cher. See Lecher, Lick.] 1. To taste or eat +with pleasure; to like the flavor of; to partake of with gratification; +hence, to enjoy; to be pleased with or gratified by; to experience +pleasure from; as, to relish food. + + Now I begin to relish thy advice. + + +Shak. + + He knows how to prize his advantages, and to relish the honors + which he enjoys. + + +Atterbury. + +2. To give a relish to; to cause to taste agreeably. + + A savory bit that served to relish wine. + + +Dryden. + +Rel"ish, v. i. To have a pleasing or appetizing taste; to give +gratification; to have a flavor. + + Had I been the finder-out of this secret, it would not have + relished among my other discredits. + + +Shak. + + A theory, which, how much soever it may relish of wit and + invention, hath no foundation in nature. + + +Woodward. + +Rel"ish, n. 1. A pleasing taste; flavor that gratifies the palate; +hence, enjoyable quality; power of pleasing. + + Much pleasure we have lost while we abstained From this delightful + fruit, nor known till now True relish, tasting. + + +Milton. + + When liberty is gone, Life grows insipid, and has lost its relish. + + +Addison. + +2. Savor; quality; characteristic tinge. + + It preserve some relish of old writing. + + +Pope. + +3. A taste for; liking; appetite; fondness. + + A relish for whatever was excelent in arts. + + +Macaulay. + + I have a relish for moderate praise, because it bids fair to be + j&?;dicious. + + +Cowper. + +4. That which is used to impart a flavor; specifically, something taken +with food to render it more palatable or to stimulate the appetite; a +condiment. + +Syn. -- Taste; savor; flavor; appetite; zest; gusto; liking; delight. + +Rel"ish, n. (Carp.) The projection or shoulder at the side of, or +around, a tenon, on a tenoned piece. Knight. + +Rel"ish*a*ble (-?-b'l), a. Capable of being relished; agreeable to the +taste; gratifying. + +Re*live" (r?-l?v"), v. i. To live again; to revive. + +Re*live", v. t. To recall to life; to revive. [Obs.] + +Re*load" (r?-l?d"), v. t. To load again, as a gun. + +Re*loan" (r?-l?n"), n. A second lending of the same thing; a renewal of +a loan. + +Re*lo"cate (r?-l?"k?t), v. t. To locate again. + +Re`lo*ca"tion (r?`l-k?"sh?n), n. 1. A second location. + +2. (Roman & Scots Law) Renewal of a lease. + +Re*lodge" (r?-l?j"), v. t. To lodge again. + +Re*love" (-l?v"), v. t. To love in return. [Obs.] Boyle. + +Re*lu"cent (r?-l?"sent), a. [L. relucens, p. pr. relucere. See Lucent.] +Reflecting light; shining; glittering; glistening; bright; luminous; +splendid. + + Gorgeous banners to the sun expand Their streaming volumes of + relucent gold. + + +Glover. + +Re*luct" (r?-l?kt"), v. i. [L. reluctari, p. p. reluctatus, to +struggle; pref. re- re- + luctari to struggle, fr. lucia a wresting.] +To strive or struggle against anything; to make resistance; to draw +back; to feel or show repugnance or reluctance. + + Apt to reluct at the excesses of it [passion]. + + +Walton. + +{ Re*luc"tance (r?-l?k"tans), Re*luc"tan*cy (-tan-s?), } n. [See +Reluctant.] The state or quality of being reluctant; repugnance; +aversion of mind; unwillingness; -- often followed by an infinitive, or +by to and a noun, formerly sometimes by against. "Tempering the +severity of his looks with a reluctance to the action." Dryden. + + He had some reluctance to obey the summons. + + +Sir W. Scott. + + Bear witness, Heaven, with what reluctancy Her helpless innocence I + doom to die. + + +Dryden. + +Syn. See Dislike. + +Re*luc"tant (-tant), a. [L. reluctans, -antis, p. pr. of reluctari. See +Reluct.] 1. Striving against; opposed in desire; unwilling; +disinclined; loth. + + Reluctant, but in vain. + + +Milton. + + Reluctant now I touched the trembling string. + + +Tickell. + +2. Proceeding from an unwilling mind; granted with reluctance; as, +reluctant obedience. Mitford. + +Syn. -- Averse; unwilling; loth; disinclined; repugnant; backward; coy. +See Averse. + +Re*luc"tant*ly, adv. In a reluctant manner. + +Re*luc"tate (-t?t), v. i. [See Reluct.] To struggle against anything; +to resist; to oppose. [Obs.] "To delude their reluctating consciences." +Dr. H. More. + +Rel`uc*ta"tion (r?l`?k-t?"sh?n), n. Repugnance; resistance; reluctance. +[Obs.] Bacon. + +Re*lume" (r?-l?m"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Relumed (-l?md"); p. pr. & vb. +n. Reluming.] [OF. relumer (cf. F. rallumer), L. reluminare; pref. re- +re- + luminare to light. Cf. Reillume.] To rekindle; to light again. + + Relumed her ancient light, not kindled new. + + +Pope. + + I know not where is that Promethean heat That can thy light relume. + + +Shak. + +Re*lu"mine (r?-l?"m?n), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Relumined (-m?nd); p. pr. & +vb. n. Relumining.] [See Relume.] 1. To light anew; to rekindle. Shak. + +2. To illuminate again. + +Re*ly" (r?-l?"), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Relied (-l?d"); p. pr. & vb. n. +Relying.] [Pref. re- + lie to rest.] To rest with confidence, as when +fully satisfied of the veracity, integrity, or ability of persons, or +of the certainty of facts or of evidence; to have confidence; to trust; +to depend; -- with on, formerly also with in. + + Go in thy native innocence; rely On what thou hast of virtue. + + +Milton. + + On some fond breast the parting soul relies. + + +Gray. + +Syn. -- To trust; depend; confide; repose. + +Re*made" (r?-m?d"), imp. & p. p. of Remake. + +Re*main" (r?-m?n"), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Remained (-m?nd"); p. pr. & vb. +n. Remaining.] [OF. remaindre, remanoir, L. remanere; pref. re- re- + +manere to stay, remain. See Mansion, and cf. Remainder, Remnant.] + +1. To stay behind while others withdraw; to be left after others have +been removed or destroyed; to be left after a number or quantity has +been subtracted or cut off; to be left as not included or comprised. + + Gather up the fragments that remain. + + +John vi. 12. + + Of whom the greater part remain unto this present, but some are + fallen asleep. + + +1 Cor. xv. 6. + + That . . . remains to be proved. + + +Locke. + +2. To continue unchanged in place, form, or condition, or undiminished +in quantity; to abide; to stay; to endure; to last. + + Remain a widow at thy father's house. + + +Gen. xxxviii. 11. + + Childless thou art; childless remain. + + +Milton. + +Syn. -- To continue; stay; wait; tarry; rest; sojourn; dwell; abide; +last; endure. + +Re*main", v. t. To await; to be left to. [Archaic] + + The easier conquest now remains thee. + + +Milton. + +Re*main" n. 1. State of remaining; stay. [Obs.] + + Which often, since my here remain in England, I 've seen him do. + + +Shak. + +2. That which is left; relic; remainder; -- chiefly in the plural. "The +remains of old Rome." Addison. + + When this remain of horror has entirely subsided. + + +Burke. + +3. Specif., in the plural: (a) That which is left of a human being +after the life is gone; relics; a dead body. + + Old warriors whose adored remains In weeping vaults her hallowed + earth contains! + + +Pope. + +(b) The posthumous works or productions, esp. literary works, of one +who is dead; as, Cecil's Remains. + +Re*main"der (r?-m?n"d?r), n. [OF. remaindre, inf. See Remain.] 1. +Anything that remains, or is left, after the separation and removal of +a part; residue; remnant. "The last remainders of unhappy Troy." +Dryden. + + If these decoctions be repeated till the water comes off clear, the + remainder yields no salt. + + +Arbuthnot. + +2. (Math.) The quantity or sum that is left after subtraction, or after +any deduction. + +3. (Law) An estate in expectancy, generally in land, which becomes an +estate in possession upon the determination of a particular prior +estate, created at the same time, and by the same instrument; for +example, if land be conveyed to A for life, and on his death to B, A's +life interest is a particuar estate, and B's interest is a remainder, +or estate in remainder. + +Syn. -- Balance; rest; residue; remnant; leavings. + +Re*main"der, a. Remaining; left; left over; refuse. + + Which is as dry as the remainder biscuit After a voyage. + + +Shak. + +Re*main"der-man (- mn), n.; pl. Remainder-men (-mn). (Law) One who has +an estate after a particular estate is determined. See Remainder, n., +3. Blackstone. + +Re*make" (r?-m?k"), v. t. To make anew. + +Re*mand" (r?-m?nd"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Remanded; p. pr. & vb. n. +Remanding.] [F. remander to send word again, L. remandare; pref. re- +re- + mandare to commit, order, send word. See Mandate.] To recommit; +to send back. + + Remand it to its former place. + + +South. + + Then were they remanded to the cage again. + + +Bunyan. + +Re*mand", n. The act of remanding; the order for recommitment. + +Re*mand"ment (-ment), n. A remand. + +{ Rem"a*nence (r?m"?*nens), Rem"a*nen*cy (-nen*s?), } n. [Cf. OF. +remanence, LL. remanentia, fr. L. remanens. See Remanent, a.] The state +of being remanent; continuance; permanence. [R.] Jer. Taylor. + + The remanence of the will in the fallen spirit. + + +Coleridge. + +Rem"a*nent (-nent), n. [See Remanent, a.] That which remains; a +remnant; a residue. + +Rem"a*nent, a. [L. remanens, p. pr. of remanere. See Remain, and cf. +Remnant.] Remaining; residual. + + That little hope that is remanent hath its degree according to the + infancy or growth of the habit. + + +Jer. Taylor. + +Remanent magnetism (Physics), magnetism which remains in a body that +has little coercive force after the magnetizing force is withdrawn, as +soft iron; -- called also residual magnetism. + +||Rem"a*net (-n?t), n. [L., it remains.] (Legal Practice) A case for +||trial which can not be tried during the term; a postponed case. +||[Eng.] + +Re-mark" (r?-m?rk"), v. t. [Pref. re- + mark.] To mark again, or a +second time; to mark anew. + +Re*mark" (r?-m?rk"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Remarked (-m?rkt"); p. pr. & +vb. n. Remarking.] [F. remarquer; pref. re- re- + marquer to mark, +marque a mark, of German origin, akin to E. mark. See Mark, v.& n.] 1. +To mark in a notable manner; to distinquish clearly; to make noticeable +or conspicuous; to piont out. [Obs.] + + Thou art a man remarked to taste a mischief. + + +Ford. + + His manacles remark him; there he sits. + + +Milton. + +2. To take notice of, or to observe, mentally; as, to remark the manner +of a speaker. + +3. To express in words or writing, as observed or noticed; to state; to +say; -- often with a substantive clause; as, he remarked that it was +time to go. + +Syn. -- To observe; notice; heed; regard; note; say. -- Remark, +Observe, Notice. To observe is to keep or hold a thing distinctly +before the mind. To remark is simply to mark or take note of whatever +may come up. To notice implies still less continuity of attention. When +we turn from these mental states to the expression of them in language, +we find the same distinction. An observation is properly the result of +somewhat prolonged thought; a remark is usually suggested by some +passing occurence; a notice is in most cases something cursory and +short. This distinction is not always maintained as to remark and +observe, which are often used interchangeably. "Observing men may form +many judgments by the rules of similitude and proportion." I. Watts. +"He can not distinguish difficult and noble speculations from trifling +and vulgar remarks." Collier. "The thing to be regarded, in taking +notice of a child's miscarriage, is what root it springs from." Locke. + +Re*mark" (r?-m?rk"), v. i. To make a remark or remarks; to comment. + +Re*mark", n. [Cf. F. remarque.] 1. Act of remarking or attentively +noticing; notice or observation. + + The cause, though worth the search, may yet elude Conjecture and + remark, however shrewd. + + +Cowper. + +2. The expression, in speech or writing, of something remarked or +noticed; the mention of that which is worthy of attention or notice; +hence, also, a casual observation, comment, or statement; as, a +pertinent remark. + +Syn. -- Observation; note; comment; annotation. + +Re*mark"a*ble (-?-b'l), a. [F. remarquable.] Worthy of being remarked +or noticed; noticeable; conspicuous; hence, uncommon; extraordinary. + + 'T is remarkable, that they Talk most who have the least to say. + + +Prior. + + There is nothing left remarlable Beneath the visiting moon. + + +Shak. + +Syn. -- Observable; noticeable; extraordinary; unusual; rare; strange; +wonderful; notable; eminent. + +-- Re*mark"a*ble*ness, n. -- Re*mark"a*bly, adv. + +Re*mark"er (-?r), n. One who remarks. + +Re*mar"riage (r?-m?r"r?j), n. A second or repeated marriage. + +Re*mar"ry (r?-m?r"rr?), v. t. & i. To marry again. + +Re*mast" (r?-m?st"), v. t. To furnish with a new mast or set of masts. + +Re*mas"ti*cate (r?-m?s"t?-k?t), v. t. To chew or masticate again; to +chew over and over, as the cud. + +Re*mas`ti*ca"tion (-k?"sh?n), n. The act of masticating or chewing +again or repeatedly. + +Rem"berge (r?m"b?rj), n. See Ramberge. + +||Rem`blai" (r?n`bl?"), n. [F., fr. remblayer to fill up an excavation, +||to embank.] (Fort. & Engin.) Earth or materials made into a bank +||after having been excavated. + +Rem"ble (r&?;m"b'l), v. t. [Cf. OF. embler to steal, fr. L. involare to +fly into or at, to carry off.] To remove. [Prov. Eng.] Grose. Tennyson. + +Reme (r&?;m), n. Realm. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Re*mean" (r&?;-m&?;n"), v. t. To give meaning to; to explain the +meaning of; to interpret. [Obs.] Wyclif. + +Re"me*ant (r&?;"m&?;*ant), a. [L. remeans, -antis, p. pr. of remeare to +go or come back.] Coming back; returning. [R.] "Like the remeant sun." +C. Kingsley. + +Re*meas"ure (r?-m?zh"?r; 135), v. t. To measure again; to retrace. + + They followed him . . . The way they came, their steps remeasured + right. + + +Fairfax. + +Re*mede" (r?-m?d"), n. Remedy. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Re*me"di*a*ble (r?-m?"d?-?-b'l), a. [L. remediabilis: cf. F. +remédiable.] Capable of being remedied or cured. + +-- Re*me"di*a*ble*ness, n. - Re*me"di*a*bly, adv. + +Re*me"di*al (-al), a. [L. remedialis.] Affording a remedy; intended for +a remedy, or for the removal or abatement of an evil; as, remedial +treatment. + + Statutes are declaratory or remedial. + + +Blackstone. + + It is an evil not compensated by any beneficial result; it is not + remedial, not conservative. + + +I. Taylor. + +Re*me"di*al*ly, adv. In a remedial manner. + +Re*me"di*ate (-?t), a. Remedial. [R.] Shak. + +Re*med"i*less (r?-m?d"?-l?s or r?m"?-d?-l?s; 277), a. 1. Not admitting +of a remedy; incapable of being restored or corrected; incurable; +irreparable; as, a remediless mistake or loss. "Chains remedilesse." +Spenser. + + Hopeless are all my evils, all remediless. + + +Milton. + +2. Not answering as a remedy; ineffectual. [Obs.] + + Forced to forego the attempt remediless. + + +Spenser. + +Syn. -- Incurable; cureless; irremediable; irrecoverable; +irretrievable; irreparable; desperate. + +-- Re*med"i*less, adv. [Obs.] Udall. -- Re*med"i*less*ly, adv. -- +Re*med"i*less*ness, n. + +Rem"e*dy (r?m"?-d?), n.; pl. Remedies (-d&?;z). [L. remedium; pref. re- + re- + mederi to heal, to cure: cf. F. remède remedy, remédier to +remedy. See Medical.] + +1. That which relieves or cures a disease; any medicine or application +which puts an end to disease and restores health; -- with for; as, a +remedy for the gout. + +2. That which corrects or counteracts an evil of any kind; a +corrective; a counteractive; reparation; cure; -- followed by for or +against, formerly by to. + + What may else be remedy or cure To evils which our own misdeeds + have wrought, He will instruct us. + + +Milton. + +3. (Law) The legal means to recover a right, or to obtain redress for a +wrong. + +Civil remedy. See under Civil. -- Remedy of the mint (Coinage), a small +allowed deviation from the legal standard of weight and fineness; -- +called also tolerance. + +Syn. -- Cure; restorative; counteraction; reparation; redress; relief; +aid; help; assistance. + +Rem"e*dy, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Remedied (-d?d); p. pr. & vb. n. +Remedying.] [L. remediare, remediari: cf. F. rem&?;dier. See Remedy, +n.] To apply a remedy to; to relieve; to cure; to heal; to repair; to +redress; to correct; to counteract. + + I will remedy this gear ere long. + + +Shak. + +Re*melt" (r?-m?lt"), v. t. To melt again. + +Re*mem"ber (r?-m?m"b?r), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Remembered (-b?rd); p. pr. +& vb. n. Remembering.] [OF. remebrer, L. rememorari; pref. re- re- + +memorare to bring to remembrance, from memor mindful. See Memory, and +cf. Rememorate.] 1. To have ( a notion or idea) come into the mind +again, as previously perceived, known, or felt; to have a renewed +apprehension of; to bring to mind again; to think of again; to +recollect; as, I remember the fact; he remembers the events of his +childhood; I cannot remember dates. + + We are said to remember anything, when the idea of it arises in the + mind with the consciousness that we have had this idea before. + + +I. Watts. + +2. To be capable of recalling when required; to keep in mind; to be +continually aware or thoughtful of; to preserve fresh in the memory; to +attend to; to think of with gratitude, affection, respect, or any other +emotion. + + Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. + + +Ex. xx. 8. + + That they may have their wages duly paid 'em, And something over to + remember me by. + + +Shak. + + Remember what I warn thee; shun to taste. + + +Milton. + +<! p. 1216 !> + +3. To put in mind; to remind; -- also used reflexively and +impersonally. [Obs.] "Remembering them the trith of what they +themselves known." Milton. + + My friends remembered me of home. + + +Chapman. + + Remember you of passed heaviness. + + +Chaucer. + + And well thou wost [knowest] if it remember thee. + + +Chaucer. + +4. To mention. [Obs.] "As in many cases hereafter to be remembered." +Ayliffe. + +5. To recall to the mind of another, as in the friendly messages, +remember me to him, he wishes to be remembered to you, etc. + +Re*mem"ber (r?-m?m"b?r), v. i. To execise or have the power of memory; +as, some remember better than others. Shak. + +Re*mem"ber*a*ble (-?-b'l), a. Capable or worthy of being remembered. -- +Re*mem"ber*a*bly, adv. + + The whole vale of Keswick is so rememberable. + + +Coleridge. + +Re*mem"ber*er (-?r), n. One who remembers. + +Re*mem"brance (-brans), n. [OF. remembrance.] + +1. The act of remembering; a holding in mind, or bringing to mind; +recollection. + + Lest fierce remembrance wake my sudden rage. + + +Milton. + + Lest the remembrance of his grief should fail. + + +Addison. + +2. The state of being remembered, or held in mind; memory; +recollection. + + This, ever grateful, in remembrance bear. + + +Pope. + +3. Something remembered; a person or thing kept in memory. Shak. + +4. That which serves to keep in or bring to mind; a memorial; a token; +a memento; a souvenir; a memorandum or note of something to be +remembered. + + And on his breast a bloody cross he bore, The dear remembrance of + his dying Lord. + + +Spenser. + + Keep this remembrance for thy Julia's sake. + + +Shak. + +5. Something to be remembered; counsel; admoni&?;&?;on; instruction. +[Obs.] Shak. + +6. Power of remembering; reach of personal knowledge; period over which +one's memory extends. + + Thee I have heard relating what was done Ere my remembrance. + + +Milton. + +Syn. -- Recollection; reminiscence. See Memory. + +Re*mem"bran*cer (-bran-s?r), n. 1. One who, or that which, serves to +bring to, or keep in, mind; a memento; a memorial; a reminder. + + Premature consiolation is but the remembrancer of sorrow. + + +Goldsmith. + + Ye that are the lord's remembrancers. + + +Isa. lxii. 6. (Rev. Ver.). + +2. A term applied in England to several officers, having various +functions, their duty originally being to bring certain matters to the +attention of the proper persons at the proper time. "The remembrancer +of the lord treasurer in the exchequer." Bacon. + +Re*mem"o*rate (-?-r?t), v. i. [L. rememoratus, p. p. of rememorari. See +Remember.] To recall something by means of memory; to remember. [Obs.] +Bryskett. + +Re*mem`o*ra"tion (-r?"sh?n), n. [F. remémoration, or L. rememoratio.] A +recalling by the faculty of memory; remembrance. [Obs. & R.] Bp. +Montagu. + +Re*mem"o*ra*tive (r?-mEm"?-r?-t?v), a. Tending or serving to remind. +[R.] + +Rem"e*nant (r?m"?-nant), n. A remnant. [Obs.] + +{ Re*mer"cie, Re*mer"cy } (r- mr"s), v. t. [F. remercier; pref. re- re- ++ OF. mercier to thank, from OF. & F. merci. See Mercy.] To thank. +[Obs.] + + She him remercied as the patron of her life. + + +Spenser. + +Re*merge" (r?-m?rj"), v. i. To merge again. "Remerging in the general +Soul." Tennyson. + +{ Re*meve" (r?-mEv"), Re*mewe" (r?-m?") }, v. t. & i. To remove. [Obs.] +Chaucer. + +Rem"i*form (r?m"?*f?rm), a. [L. remus oar + -form.] Shaped like an oar. + +||Rem"i*ges (r?m"?*j?z), n. pl.; sing. Remex. (r&?;"m&?;ks). [L. remex, +||- igis, an oarsman.] (Zoöl.) The quill feathers of the wings of a +||bird. + +Rem"i*grate (r?m"?-gr?t or r?-m?"gr?t; 277), v. i. [L. remigrare. See +Re-, and Migrate.] To migrate again; to go back; to return. Boyle. + +Rem`i*gra"tion (r?m`?-gr?"sh?n), n. Migration back to the place from +which one came. Sir M. Hale. + +Re*mind" (r?-m?nd"), v. t. To put (one) in mind of something; to bring +to the remembrance of; to bring to the notice or consideration of (a +person). + + When age itself, which will not be defied, shall begin to arrest, + seize, and remind us of our mortality. + + +South. + +Re*mind"er (-?r), n. One who, or that which, reminds; that which serves +to awaken remembrance. + +Re**mind"ful (f?l), a. Tending or adapted to remind; careful to remind. +Southey. + +Rem`i*nis"cence (r?m`?-n?s"sens), n. [F. réminiscence, L. +reminiscentia.] 1. The act or power of recalling past experience; the +state of being reminiscent; remembrance; memory. + + The other part of memory, called reminiscence, which is the + retrieving of a thing at present forgot, or but confusedly + remembered. + + +South. + + I forgive your want of reminiscence, since it is long since I saw + you. + + +Sir W. Scott. + +2. That which is remembered, or recalled to mind; a statement or +narration of remembered experience; a recollection; as, pleasing or +painful reminiscences. + +Syn. -- Remembrance; recollection. See Memory. + +Rem`i*nis"cen*cy (-sen-s?), n. Reminiscence. [Obs.] + +Rem`i*nis"cent (-sent), a. [L. reminiscens, -entis, p. pr. of reminisci +to recall to mind, to recollect; pref. re- re + a word akin to mens +mind, memini I remember. See Mind.] Recalling to mind, or capable of +recalling to mind; having remembrance; reminding one of something. + + Some other of existence of which we have been previously conscious, + and are now reminiscent. + + +Sir W. Hamilton. + +Rem`i*nis"cent (r?m`?-n?s"sent), n. One who is addicted to indulging, +narrating, or recording reminiscences. + +Rem`i*nis*cen"tial (-n?s-s?n"shal), a. Of or pertaining to +reminiscence, or remembrance. Sir T. Browne. + +Rem"i*ped (r?m"?-p?d), a. [L. remus oar + pes, pedis, foot: cf. F. +rémipède.] (Zoöl.) Having feet or legs that are used as oars; -- said +of certain crustaceans and insects. + +Rem"i*ped, n. (Zoöl.) (a) An animal having limbs like oars, especially +one of certain crustaceans. (b) One of a group of aquatic beetles +having tarsi adapted for swimming. See Water beetle. + +Re*mise" (r?-m?z"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Remised (-m?zd"); p. pr. & vb. +n. Remising.] [F. remise delivery, surrender, fr. remettre to put back, +deliver, L. remittere. See Remit.] To send, give, or grant back; to +release a claim to; to resign or surrender by deed; to return. +Blackstone. + +Re*mise", n. (Law) A giving or granting back; surrender; return; +release, as of a claim. + +Re*miss" (r?-m?s"), a. [L. remissus, p. p. of remittere to send back, +relax. See Remit.] Not energetic or exact in duty or business; not +careful or prompt in fulfilling engagements; negligent; careless; +tardy; behindhand; lagging; slack; hence, lacking earnestness or +activity; languid; slow. + + Thou never wast remiss, I bear thee witness. + + +Milton. + + These nervous, bold; those languid and remiss. + + +Roscommon. + + Its motion becomes more languid and remiss. + + +Woodward. + +Syn. -- Slack; dilatory; slothful; negligent; careless; neglectful; +inattentive; heedles; thoughtless. + +Re*miss", n. The act of being remiss; inefficiency; failure. [Obs.] +"Remisses of laws." Puttenham. + +Re*miss"ful (-f?l), a. Inclined to remit punishment; lenient; clement. +Drayton. + +Re*mis`si*bil"i*ty (r?-m?s`s?-b?l"?-t?), n. The state or quality of +being remissible. Jer. Taylor. + +Re*mis"si*ble (r?-m?s"s?-b'l), a. [L. remissibilis: cf. F. rémissible. +See Remit.] Capable of being remitted or forgiven. Feltham. + +Re*mis"sion (r?-m?sh"?n), n. [F. rémission, L. remissio. See Remit.] 1. +The act of remitting, surrendering, resigning, or giving up. + +2. Discharge from that which is due; relinquishment of a claim, right, +or obligation; pardon of transgression; release from forfeiture, +penalty, debt, etc. + + This is my blood of the new testament, which is shed for many for + the remission of sins. + + +Matt. xxvi. 28. + + That ples, therefore, . . . Will gain thee no remission. + + +Milton. + +3. Diminution of intensity; abatement; relaxation. + +4. (Med.) A temporary and incomplete subsidence of the force or +violence of a disease or of pain, as destinguished from intermission, +in which the disease completely leaves the patient for a time; +abatement. + +5. The act of sending back. [R.] Stackhouse. + +6. Act of sending in payment, as money; remittance. + +Re*mis"sive (r?-m?s"s?v), a. [L. remissivus. See Remit.] Remitting; +forgiving; abating. Bp. Hacket. + +Re*miss"ly (r?-m?s"l?), adv. In a remiss or negligent manner; +carelessly. + +Re*miss"ness, n. Quality or state of being remiss. + +Re*mis"so*ry (r?-m?s"s?-r?), a. Serving or tending to remit, or to +secure remission; remissive. "A sacrifice expiatory or remissory." +Latimer. + +Re*mit" (r?-m?t"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Remitted; p. pr. & vb. n. +Remitting.] [L. remittere, remissum, to send back, to slacken, relax; +pref. re- re- + mittere to send. See Mission, and cf. Remise, Remiss.] +1. To send back; to give up; to surrender; to resign. + + In the case the law remits him to his ancient and more certain + right. + + +Blackstone. + + In grevious and inhuman crimes, offenders should be remitted to + their prince. + + +Hayward. + + The prisoner was remitted to the guard. + + +Dryden. + +2. To restore. [Obs.] + + The archbishop was . . . remitted to his liberty. + + +Hayward. + +3. (Com.) To transmit or send, esp. to a distance, as money in payment +of a demand, account, draft, etc.; as, he remitted the amount by mail. + +4. To send off or away; hence: (a) To refer or direct (one) for +information, guidance, help, etc. "Remitting them . . . to the works of +Galen." Sir T. Elyot. (b) To submit, refer, or leave (something) for +judgment or decision. "Whether the counsel be good I remit it to the +wise readers." Sir T. Elyot. + +5. To relax in intensity; to make less violent; to abate. + + So willingly doth God remit his ire. + + +Milton. + +6. To forgive; to pardon; to remove. + + Whose soever sins ye remit, they are remitted unto them. + + +John xx. 23. + +7. To refrain from exacting or enforcing; as, to remit the performance +of an obligation. "The sovereign was undoubtedly competent to remit +penalties." Macaulay. + +Syn. -- To relax; release; abate; relinguish; forgive; pardon; absolve. + +Re*mit", v. i. 1. To abate in force or in violence; to grow less +intense; to become moderated; to abate; to relax; as, a fever remits; +the severity of the weather remits. + +2. To send money, as in payment. Addison. + +Re*mit"ment (-ment), n. The act of remitting, or the state of being +remitted; remission. + + Disavowing the remitment of Claudius. + + +Milton. + +Re*mit"tal (-tal), n. A remitting; a giving up; surrender; as, the +remittal of the first fruits. Swift. + +Re*mit"tance (r?-m?t"tans), n. 1. The act of transmitting money, bills, +or the like, esp. to a distant place, as in satisfaction of a demand, +or in discharge of an obligation. + +2. The sum or thing remitted. Addison. + +Re*mit`tee" (r?-m?t`t?"), n. (Com.) One to whom a remittance is sent. + +Re*mit"tent (r?-m?t"tent), a. [L. remittens, p. pr. : cf. F. +rémittent.] Remitting; characterized by remission; having remissions. + +Remittent fever (Med.), a fever in which the symptoms temporarily abate +at regular intervals, but do not wholly cease. See Malarial fever, +under Malarial. + +Re*mit"ter (-t?r), n. 1. One who remits. Specifically: (a) One who +pardons. (b) One who makes remittance. + +2. (Law) The sending or placing back of a person to a title or right he +had before; the restitution of one who obtains possession of property +under a defective title, to his rights under some valid title by virtue +of which he might legally have entered into possession only by suit. +Bouvier. + +||Re*mit"ti*tur (-t?-t?r), n. [L., (it) is remitted.] (Law) (a) A +||remission or surrender, -- remittitur damnut being a remission of +||excess of damages. (b) A sending back, as when a record is remitted +||by a superior to an inferior court. Wharton. + +Re*mit"tor (-t?r), n. (Law) One who makes a remittance; a remitter. + +Re*mix" (r?-m?ks"), v. t. To mix again or repeatedly. + +Rem"nant (r?m"nant), a. [OF. remanant, p. pr. of remanoir, remaindre. +See Remanent, Remain.] Remaining; yet left. [R.] "Because of the +remnant dregs of his disease." Fuller. + + And quiet dedicate her remnant life To the just duties of an humble + wife. + + +Prior. + +Rem"nant, n. [OF. remanant. See Remnant, a.] + +1. That which remains after a part is removed, destroyed, used up, +performed, etc.; residue. Chaucer. + + The remnant that are left of the captivity. + + +Neh. i. 3. + + The remnant of my tale is of a length To tire your patience. + + +Dryden. + +2. A small portion; a slight trace; a fragment; a little bit; a scrap. + + Some odd quirks and remnants of wit. + + +Shak. + +3. (Com.) An unsold end of piece goods, as cloth, ribbons, carpets, +etc. + +Syn. -- Residue; rest; remains; remainder. + +Re*mod"el (r?-m?d"?l), v. t. To model or fashion anew; to change the +form of. + + The corporation had been remodeled. + + +Macaulay. + +Re*mod`i*fi*ca"tion (-?-f?-k?"sh?n), n. The act of remodifying; the +state of being remodified. + +Re*mod"i*fy (r?-m?d"?-f?), v. t. To modify again or anew; to reshape. + +{ ||Ré`mo`lade" (r?`m?`l?d"), ||Ré`mou`lad" (r?`m??`l?d"), } n. [F.] A +kind of piquant sauce or salad dressing resembling mayonnaise. + +{ Re*mold", Re*mould" } (r*mld"), v. t. To mold or shape anew or again; +to reshape. + +Re*mol"lient (r?-m?l"yent or -l?-ent), a. [L. remolliens, p. pr. of +remollire to mollify: cf. F. rémollient. See Mollient.] Mollifying; +softening. [R.] + +Re*mon`e*ti*za"tion (r?-m?n`?-t?-z?"sh?n or -m?n`-), n. The act of +remonetizing. + +Re*mon"e*tize (-t?z), v. t. To restore to use as money; as, to +remonetize silver. + +Re*mon"strance (-m?n"strans), n. [Cf. OF. remonstrance, F. +remonstrance. See Remonstrate.] 1. The act of remonstrating; as: (a) A +pointing out; manifestation; proof; demonstration. [Obs.] + + You may marvel why I . . . would not rather Make rash remonstrance + of my hidden power Than let him be so lost. + + +Shak. + +(b) Earnest presentation of reason in opposition to something; protest; +expostulation. + +2. (R.C.Ch.) Same as Monstrance. + +Re*mon"strant (-strant), a. [LL. remonstranc, -antis, p. pr. of +remonstrare: cf. OF. remonstrant, F. remontrant.] Inclined or tending +to remonstrate; expostulatory; urging reasons in opposition to +something. + +Re*mon"strant, n. One who remonstrates; specifically (Eccl. Hist.), one +of the Arminians who remonstrated against the attacks of the Calvinists +in 1610, but were subsequently condemned by the decisions of the Synod +of Dort in 1618. See Arminian. + +Re*mon"strant*ly, adv. In a remonstrant manner. + +Re*mon"strate (-str?t), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Remonstrated +(-str&?;*t&?;d); p. pr. & vb. n. Remonstrating.] [LL. remonstratus, p. +p. of remonstrare to remonstrate; L. pref. re- + monstrare to show. See +Monster.] To point out; to show clearly; to make plain or manifest; +hence, to prove; to demonstrate. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. + + I will remonstrate to you the third door. + + +B. Jonson. + +Re*mon"strate, v. i. To present and urge reasons in opposition to an +act, measure, or any course of proceedings; to expostulate; as, to +remonstrate with a person regarding his habits; to remonstrate against +proposed taxation. + + It is proper business of a divine to state cases of conscience, and + to remonstrate against any growing corruptions in practice, and + especially in principles. + + +Waterland. + +Syn. -- Expostulate, Remonstrate. These words are commonly +interchangeable, the principal difference being that expostulate is now +used especially to signify remonstrance by a superior or by one in +authority. A son remonstrates against the harshness of a father; a +father expostulates with his son on his waywardness. Subjects +remonstrate with their rulers; sovereigns expostulate with the +parliament or the people. + +Re`mon*stra"tion (r?`m?n*str?"sh?n), n. [Cf. OF. remonstration, LL. +remonstratio.] The act of remonstrating; remonstrance. [R.] Todd. + +Re*mon"stra*tive (r?*m?n"str?*t?v), a. Having the character of a +remonstrance; expressing remonstrance. + +<! p. 1217 !> + +Re*mon"stra*tor (r?*m?n"str?*t?r), n. One who remonstrates; a +remonsrant. Bp. Burnet. + +Re*mon"tant (-tant), a.[F.] (Hort.) Rising again; -- applied to a class +of roses which bloom more than once in a season; the hybrid perpetual +roses, of which the Jacqueminot is a well-known example. + +||Re*mon`toir" (re-m?n"tw?r"; E. r?- m?n"tw?r), n. [F.] (Horology) See +||under Escapement. + +||Rem"o*ra (r?m"?*r?), n. [L.: cf. F. rémora.] + +1. Delay; obstacle; hindrance. [Obs.] Milton. + +2. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of fishes belonging to Echeneis, +Remora, and allied genera. Called also sucking fish. + +The anterior dorsal fin is converted into a large sucking disk, having +two transverse rows of lamellæ, situated on the top of the head. They +adhere firmly to sharks and other large fishes and to vessels by this +curious sucker, letting go at will. The pegador, or remora of sharks +(Echeneis naucrates), and the swordfish remora (Remora brachyptera), +are common American species. + +3. (Surg.) An instrument formerly in use, intended to retain parts in +their places. Dunglison. + +Rem"o*rate (-r?t), v. t. [L. remoratus, p. p. of remorari; pref. re- +re- + morari to delay.] To hinder; to delay. [Obs.] Johnson. + +Re*mord" (r?-m?rd"), v. t. [L. remordere to bite again, to torment: cf. +F. remordre. See Remorse.] To excite to remorse; to rebuke. [Obs.] +Skelton. + +Re*mord", v. i. To feel remorse. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot. + +Re*mord"en*cy (-en*s?), n. Remorse; compunction; compassion. [Obs.] +Killingbeck. + +Re*morse" (r?*m?rs"), n. [OE. remors, OF. remors,F. remords, LL. +remorsus, fr. L. remordere, remorsum, to bite again or back, to +torment; pref. re- re- + mordere to bite. See Morsel.] 1. The anguish, +like gnawing pain, excited by a sense of guilt; compunction of +conscience for a crime committed, or for the sins of one's past life. +"Nero will be tainted with remorse." Shak. + +2. Sympathetic sorrow; pity; compassion. + + Curse on the unpardoning prince, whom tears can draw To no remorse. + + +Dryden. + + But evermore it seem'd an easier thing At once without remorse to + strike her dead. + + +Tennyson. + +Syn. -- Compunction; regret; anguish; grief; compassion. See +Compunction. + +Re*morsed" (r?-m?rst"), a. Feeling remorse. [Obs.] + +Re*morse"ful (-m?rs"f?l), a. 1. Full of remorse. + + The full tide of remorseful passion had abated. + + +Sir W. Scott. + +2. Compassionate; feeling tenderly. [Obs.] Shak. + +3. Exciting pity; pitiable. [Obs.] Chapman. + +-- Re*morse"ful*ly, adv. -- Re*morse"ful*ness, n. + +Re*morse"less, a. Being without remorse; having no pity; hence, +destitute of sensibility; cruel; insensible to distress; merciless. +"Remorseless adversaries." South. "With remorseless cruelty." Milton. + +Syn. -- Unpitying; pitiless; relentless; unrelenting; implacable; +merciless; unmerciful; savage; cruel. + +-- Re*morse"less*ly, adv. -- Re*morse"less*ness, n. + +Re*mote" (r?-m?t"), a. [Compar. Remoter (-?r); superl. Remotest.] [L. +remotus, p. p. of removere to remove. See Remove.] 1. Removed to a +distance; not near; far away; distant; -- said in respect to time or to +place; as, remote ages; remote lands. + + Places remote enough are in Bohemia. + + +Shak. + + Remote from men, with God he passed his days. + + +Parnell. + +2. Hence, removed; not agreeing, according, or being related; -- in +various figurative uses. Specifically: (a) Not agreeing; alien; +foreign. "All these propositions, how remote soever from reason." +Locke. (b) Not nearly related; not close; as, a remote connection or +consanguinity. (c) Separate; abstracted. "Wherever the mind places +itself by any thought, either amongst, or remote from, all bodies." +Locke. (d) Not proximate or acting directly; primary; distant. "From +the effect to the remotest cause." Granville. (e) Not obvious or +sriking; as, a remote resemblance. + +3. (Bot.) Separated by intervals greater than usual. + +-- Re*mote"ly, adv. -- Re*mote"ness, n. + +Re*mo"tion (r?-m?"sh?n), n. [L. remotio. See Remove.] 1. The act of +removing; removal. [Obs.] + + This remotion of the duke and her Is practice only. + + +Shak. + +2. The state of being remote; remoteness. [R.] + + The whitish gleam [of the stars] was the mask conferred by the + enormity of their remotion. + + +De Quincey. + +Re*mould" (r?-m?ld"), v. t. See Remold. + +Re*mount" (r?-mount"), v. t. & i. To mount again. + +Re*mount", n. The opportunity of, or things necessary for, remounting; +specifically, a fresh horse, with his equipments; as, to give one a +remount. + +Re*mov"a*ble (r?-m??v"?-b'l), a. Admitting of being removed. Ayliffe. +-- Re*mov`a*bil"i*ty (-&?;-b&?;l"&?;-t&?;), n. + +Re*mov"al (-al), n. The act of removing, or the state of being removed. + +Re*move" (r?-m??v"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Removed (-m??vd"); p. pr. & +vb. n. Removing.] [OF. removoir, remouvoir, L. removere, remotum; pref. +re- re- + movere to move. See Move.] 1. To move away from the position +occupied; to cause to change place; to displace; as, to remove a +building. + + Thou shalt not remove thy neighbor's landmark. + + +Deut. xix. 14. + + When we had dined, to prevent the ladies' leaving us, I generally + ordered the table to be removed. + + +Goldsmith. + +2. To cause to leave a person or thing; to cause to cease to be; to +take away; hence, to banish; to destroy; to put an end to; to kill; as, +to remove a disease. "King Richard thus removed." Shak. + +3. To dismiss or discharge from office; as, the President removed many +postmasters. + +See the Note under Remove, v. i. + +Re*move" (r?-m??v"), v. i. To change place in any manner, or to make a +change in place; to move or go from one residence, position, or place +to another. + + Till Birnam wood remove to Dunsinane, I can not taint with fear. + + +Shak. + +The verb remove, in some of its application, is synonymous with move, +but not in all. Thus we do not apply remove to a mere change of +posture, without a change of place or the seat of a thing. A man moves +his head when he turns it, or his finger when he bends it, but he does +not remove it. Remove usually or always denotes a change of place in a +body, but we never apply it to a regular, continued course or motion. +We never say the wind or water, or a ship, removes at a certain rate by +the hour; but we say a ship was removed from one place in a harbor to +another. Move is a generic term, including the sense of remove, which +is more generally applied to a change from one station or permanent +position, stand, or seat, to another station. + +Re*move", n. 1. The act of removing; a removal. + + This place should be at once both school and university, not + needing a remove to any other house of scholarship. + + +Milton. + + And drags at each remove a lengthening chain. + + +Goldsmith. + +2. The transfer of one's business, or of one's domestic belongings, +from one location or dwelling house to another; - - in the United +States usually called a move. + + It is an English proverb that three removes are as bad as a fire. + + +J. H. Newman. + +3. The state of being removed. Locke. + +4. That which is removed, as a dish removed from table to make room for +something else. + +5. The distance or space through which anything is removed; interval; +distance; stage; hence, a step or degree in any scale of gradation; +specifically, a division in an English public school; as, the boy went +up two removes last year. + + A freeholder is but one remove from a legislator. + + +Addison. + +6. (Far.) The act of resetting a horse's shoe. Swift. + +Re*moved" (r?-m??vd"), a. 1. Changed in place. + +2. Dismissed from office. + +3. Distant in location; remote. "Something finer than you could +purchase in so removed a dwelling." Shak. + +4. Distant by degrees in relationship; as, a cousin once removed. + +-- Re*mov"ed*ness (r&?;-m&?;&?;v"&?;d-n&?;s), n. Shak. + +Re*mov"er (-?r), n. One who removes; as, a remover of landmarks. Bacon. + +Re*mu"a*ble (r?-m?"?-b'l), a. [F.] That may be removed; removable. +[Obs.] Gower. + +Re*mue" (r?-m?"), v. t. [F. remuer. See Mew to molt.] To remove. [Obs.] +Chaucer. + +Re*mu"gi*ent (r?-m?"j?-ent), a. [L. remugiens, p. pr. of remugire. See +Mugient.] Rebellowing. Dr. H. More. + +Re**mu"ner*a*ble (r?-m?"n?r-?-b'l), a. [See Remunerate.] Admitting, or +worthy, of remuneration. -- Re*mu`ner*a*bil"i*ty (r&?;-m&?;"n&?;r- +&?;-b&?;l"i-t&?;), n. + +Re*mu"ner*ate (-?t), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Remunerated (-?"t?d); p. pr. & +vb. n. Remunerating.] [L. remuneratus, p. p. of remunerare, remunerari; +pref. re- re- + munerare, munerari, to give, present, from munus, +muneris, a gift, present. Cf. Munificent.] To pay an equivalent to for +any service, loss, expense, or other sacrifice; to recompense; to +requite; as, to remunerate men for labor. + +Syn. -- To reward; recompense; compensate; satisfy; requite; repay; +pay; reimburse. + +Re*mu`ner*a"tion (-?"sh?n), n. [L. remuneratio: cf. F. rémunération.] +1. The act of remunerating. + +2. That which is given to remunerate; an equivalent given, as for +services, loss, or sufferings. Shak. + +Syn. -- Reward; recompense; compensation; pay; payment; repayment; +satisfaction; requital. + +Re*mu"ner*a*tive (r?-m?"n?r-?-t?v), a. [Cf.F. rémun&?;ratif.] Affording +remuneration; as, a remunerative payment for services; a remunerative +business. -Re*mu"ner*a*tive*ly, adv. -- Re*mu"ner*a*tive*ness, n. + +Re*mu"ner*a*to*ry (-t?-r?), a. [Cf. F. rémun&?;ratoire.] Remunerative. +Johnson. + +Re*mur"mur (r?-m?r"m?r), v. t. & i. [Pref. re- + murmur: cf. F. +remurmurare.] To murmur again; to utter back, or reply, in murmurs. + + The trembling trees, in every plain and wood, Her fate remurmur to + the silver flood. + + +Pope. + +Ren (r?n), v. t. & i. See Renne. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Ren, n. A run. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Ren"a*ble (r?n"?-b'l), a. [OF. resnable.] Reasonable; also, loquacious. +[Obs.] "Most renable of tongue." Piers Plowman. -- Ren"a*bly, adv. +[Obs.] Chaucer. + +||Re*nais`sance" (F. re-n`säNs"; E. r-ns"sans), n. [F., fr. renaître to +||be born again. Cf. Renascence.] A new birth, or revival. +||Specifically: (a) The transitional movement in Europe, marked by the +||revival of classical learning and art in Italy in the 15th century, +||and the similar revival following in other countries. (b) The style +||of art which prevailed at this epoch. + + The Renaissance was rather the last stage of the Middle Ages, + emerging from ecclesiastical and feudal despotism, developing what + was original in mediæval ideas by the light of classic arts and + letters. + + +J. A. Symonds (Encyc. Brit.). + +Re*nais"sant (r?-n?s"sant), a. Of or pertaining to the Renaissance. + +Re"nal (r?"nal), a. [L. renalis, fr. renes the kidneys or reins: cf. F. +rénal. See Reins.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the kidneys; in the +region of the kidneys. + +Renal calculus (Med.), a concretion formed in the excretory passages of +the kidney. -- Renal capsules or glands, the suprarenal capsules. See +under Capsule. -- Renal casts, Renal colic. (Med.) See under Cast, and +Colic. + +Re"nal-por`tal (r?"nal-p?r"tal), a. (Anat.) Both renal and portal. See +Portal. + +Re*name" (r?*n?m"), v. t. To give a new name to. + +Ren"ard (r?n"?rd), n. [F. renard the fox, the name of the fox in a +celebrated epic poem, and of German origin, G. Reinhard, OHG. +Reginhard, properly, strong in counsel; regin counsel (akin to Goth. +ragin) + hart hard. See Hard.] A fox; -- so called in fables or +familiar tales, and in poetry. [Written also reynard.] + +Ren"ard*ine (-?n), a. Of or pertaining to Renard, the fox, or the tales +in which Renard is mentioned. + +Re*nas"cence (r?-n?s"sens), n. [See Renascent, and cf. Renaissance.] 1. +The state of being renascent. + + Read the Ph&?;nix, and see how the single image of renascence is + varied. + + +Coleridge. + +2. Same as Renaissance. + + The Renascence . . . which in art, in literature, and in physics, + produced such splendid fruits. + + +M. Arnold. + +Re*nas"cen*cy (-sen-s?), n. State of being renascent. + +Re*nas"cent (-sent), a. [L. renascens, p. pr. of renasci to be born +again; pref. re- re- + nasci to be born. See Nascent.] 1. Springing or +rising again into being; being born again, or reproduced. + +2. See Renaissant. + +Re*nas"ci*ble (-s?-b'l), a. [LL. renascibilis, from L. renasci to be +born again.] Capable of being reproduced; ablle to spring again into +being. + +Re*nate" (r?-n?t"), a. [L. renatus, p. p. of renasci.] Born again; +regenerate; renewed. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. + +Re*nav"i*gate (r?-n?v"?-g?t), v. t. To navigate again. + +Re*nay" (r?-n?"), v. t. [OF. reneier, F. renier, F. renier; L. pref. +re- re- + negare to deny. See Renegade.] To deny; to disown. [Obs.] + +Ren*con"tre (r?n-k?n"t?r; F. r?N`k?n"tr'), n. [F.] Same as Rencounter, +n. + +Ren*coun"ter (r?n-koun"t?r), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rencountered (-t?rd); +p. pr. & vb/ n. Rencountering.] [F. rencontrer; pref. re- + OF. +encontrer to encounter. See Encounter.] 1. To meet unexpectedly; to +encounter. + +2. To attack hand to hand. [Obs.] Spenser. + +Ren*coun"ter, v. i. To meet unexpectedly; to encounter in a hostile +manner; to come in collision; to skirmish. + +Ren*coun"ter, n. [F. rencontre, from renconter to meet.] 1. A meeting +of two persons or bodies; a collision; especially, a meeting in +opposition or contest; a combat, action, or engagement. + + The justling chiefs in rude rencounter join. + + +Granville. + +2. A causal combat or action; a sudden contest or fight without +premeditation, as between individuals or small parties. + + The confederates should . . . outnumber the enemy in all + rencounters and engagements. + + +Addison. + +Syn. -- Combat; fight; conflict; collision; clash. + +Rend (rnd), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rent (r?nt); p. pr. & vb. n. Rending.] +[AS. rendan, hrendan; cf. OFries. renda, randa, Fries. renne to cut, +rend, Icel. hrinda to push, thrust, AS. hrindan; or cf. Icel. r&?;na to +rob, plunder, Ir. rannaim to divide, share, part, W. rhanu, Armor. +ranna.] 1. To separate into parts with force or sudden violence; to +tear asunder; to split; to burst; as, powder rends a rock in blasting; +lightning rends an oak. + + The dreadful thunder Doth rend the region. + + +Shak. + +2. To part or tear off forcibly; to take away by force. + + An empire from its old foundations rent. + + +Dryden. + + I will surely rend the kingdom from thee. + + +1 Kings xi. 11. + +To rap and rend. See under Rap, v. t., to snatch. + +Syn. -- To tear; burst; break; rupture; lacerate; fracture; crack; +split. + +Rend, v. i. To be rent or torn; to become parted; to separate; to +split. Jer. Taylor. + +Rend"er (-?r), n. [From Rend.] One who rends. + +Ren"der (r?n"d?r), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rendered (-d?rd);p. pr. & vb. n. +Rendering.] [F. rendre, LL. rendre, fr. L. reddere; pref. red-, re-, +re- + dare to give. See Datetime, and cf. Reddition, Rent.] 1. To +return; to pay back; to restore. + + Whose smallest minute lost, no riches render may. + + +Spenser. + +2. To inflict, as a retribution; to requite. + + I will render vengeance to mine enemies. + + +Deut. xxxii. 41. + +3. To give up; to yield; to surrender. + + I 'll make her render up her page to me. + + +Shak. + +4. Hence, to furnish; to contribute. + + Logic renders its daily service to wisdom and virtue. + + +I. Watts. + +5. To furnish; to state; to deliver; as, to render an account; to +render judgment. + +6. To cause to be, or to become; as, to render a person more safe or +more unsafe; to render a fortress secure. + +7. To translate from one language into another; as, to render Latin +into English. + +8. To interpret; to set forth, represent, or exhibit; as, an actor +renders his part poorly; a singer renders a passage of music with great +effect; a painter renders a scene in a felicitous manner. + + He did render him the most unnatural That lived amongst men. + + +Shak. + +9. To try out or extract (oil, lard, tallow, etc.) from fatty animal +substances; as, to render tallow. + +10. To plaster, as a wall of masonry, without the use of lath. + +Ren"der, v. i. 1. To give an account; to make explanation or +confession. [Obs.] + +2. (Naut.) To pass; to run; -- said of the passage of a rope through a +block, eyelet, etc.; as, a rope renders well, that is, passes freely; +also, to yield or give way. Totten. + +Ren"der, n. 1. A surrender. [Obs.] Shak. + +2. A return; a payment of rent. + + In those early times the king's household was supported by specific + renders of corn and other victuals from the tenants of the demains. + + +Blackstone. + +3. An account given; a statement. [Obs.] Shak. + +<! p. 1218 !> + +Ren"der*a*ble (r?n"d?r-?-b'l), a. Capable of being rendered. + +Ren"der*er (-?r), n. 1. One who renders. + +2. A vessel in which lard or tallow, etc., is rendered. + +Ren"der*ing, n. The act of one who renders, or that which is rendered. +Specifically: (a) A version; translation; as, the rendering of the +Hebrew text. Lowth. (b) In art, the presentation, expression, or +interpretation of an idea, theme, or part. (c) The act of laying the +first coat of plaster on brickwork or stonework. (d) The coat of +plaster thus laid on. Gwilt. (e) The process of trying out or +extracting lard, tallow, etc., from animal fat. + +Ren"dez*vous (r?n"d?*v or r?n"-; 277), n.; pl. Rendezvouses +(r&?;n"d&?;-v`z&?;z). [Rare in the plural.] [F. rendez- vous, properly, +render yourselves, repair to a place. See Render.] 1. A place appointed +for a meeting, or at which persons customarily meet. + + An inn, the free rendezvous of all travelers. + + +Sir W. Scott. + +2. Especially, the appointed place for troops, or for the ships of a +fleet, to assemble; also, a place for enlistment. + + The king appointed his whole army to be drawn together to a + rendezvous at Marlborough. + + +Clarendon. + +3. A meeting by appointment. Sprat. + +4. Retreat; refuge. [Obs.] Shak. + +Ren"dez*vous (rn"d*v or räN"-; 277), v. i. [imp. &. p. p. Rendezvoused +(-vd); p. pr. & vb. n. Rendezvousing (-v*ng).] To assemble or meet at a +particular place. + +Ren"dez*vous, v. t. To bring together at a certain place; to cause to +be assembled. Echard. + +Rend"i*ble (r?nd"?-b'l), a. [From Rend.] Capable of being rent or torn. + +Ren"di*ble (r?n"d?-b'l), a. [See Render.] Capable, or admitting, of +being rendered. + +Ren*di"tion (r?n-d?sh"?n), n. [LL. rendere to render: cf. L. redditio. +See Render, and cf. Reddition.] + +1. The act of rendering; especially, the act of surrender, as of +fugitives from justice, at the claim of a foreign government; also, +surrender in war. + + The rest of these brave men that suffered in cold blood after + articles of rendition. + + +Evelyn. + +2. Translation; rendering; version. + + This rendition of the word seems also most naturally to agree with + the genuine meaning of some other words in the same verse. + + +South. + +Rend"rock` (r?nd"r?k`), n. A kind of dynamite used in blasting. [U.S.] + +Ren"e*gade (r?n"?-g?d), n. [Sp. renegado, LL. renegatus, fr. renegare +to deny; L. pref. re- re- + negare to deny. See Negation, and cf. +Runagate.] One faithless to principle or party. Specifically: (a) An +apostate from Christianity or from any form of religious faith. + + James justly regarded these renegades as the most serviceable tools + that he could employ. + + +Macaulay. + +(b) One who deserts from a military or naval post; a deserter. +Arbuthnot. (c) A common vagabond; a worthless or wicked fellow. + +Ren`e*ga"do (r?n`?-g?"d?), n. [Sp.] See Renegade. + +Ren"e*gat (r?n"?-g?t), n. [See Runegate.] A renegade. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Ren`e*ga"tion (r?n`?-ga"sh?n), n. A denial. [R.] "Absolute renegation +of Christ." Milman. + +Re*nege" (r?-n?j" or r?-n?g"), v. t. [LL. renegare. See Renegade.] To +deny; to disown. [Obs.] Shak. + + All Europe high (all sorts of rights reneged) Against the truth and + thee unholy leagued. + + +Sylvester. + +Re*nege", v. i. 1. To deny. [Obs.] Shak. + +2. (Card Playing) To revoke. [R.] + +Re*nerve" (r?-n?rv"), v. t. To nerve again; to give new vigor to; to +reinvigorate. + +Re*new" (r?-n?"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reneved (-n?d"); p. pr. & vb. n. +Renewing.] [Pref. re- + new. Cf. Renovate.] 1. To make new again; to +restore to freshness, perfection, or vigor; to give new life to; to +rejuvenate; to re&?;stablish; to recreate; to rebuild. + + In such a night Medea gathered the enchanted herbs That did renew + old &?;son. + + +Shak. + +2. Specifically, to substitute for (an old obligation or right) a new +one of the same nature; to continue in force; to make again; as, to +renew a lease, note, or patent. + +3. To begin again; to recommence. + + The last great age . . . renews its finished course. + + +Dryden. + +4. To repeat; to go over again. + + The birds-their notes renew. + + +Milton. + +5. (Theol.) To make new spiritually; to regenerate. + + Be ye transformed by the renewing of your mind. + + +Rom. xii. 2. + +Re*new", v. i. To become new, or as new; to grow or begin again. + +Re*new`a*bil"i*ty (-?-b?l"?-t?), n. The quality or state of being +renewable. [R.] + +Re*new"a*ble (r?-n?"?-b'l), a. Capable of being renewed; as, a lease +renewable at pleasure. Swift. + +Re*new"al (-al), n. The act of renewing, or the state of being renewed; +as, the renewal of a treaty. + +Re*new"ed*ly, adv. Again; once more. [U.S.] + +Re*new"ed*ness, n. The state of being renewed. + +Re*new"er (-?r), n. One who, or that which, renews. + +Re*neye" (r?-n?"), v. t. [See Renay.] To deny; to reject; to renounce. +[Obs.] + + For he made every man reneye his law. + + +Chaucer. + +Reng (r?ng), n. [See Rank, n.] 1. A rank; a row. [Obs.] "In two renges +fair." Chaucer. + +2. A rung or round of a ladder. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Re*nid`i*fi*ca"tion (r?-n?d`?-f?-k?"sh?n), n. (Zoöl.) The act of +rebuilding a nest. + +Ren"i*form (r?n"?-f?rm; 277), a. [L. renes kidneys + -form: cf. F. +réniforme.] Having the form or shape of a kidney; as, a reniform +mineral; a reniform leaf. + +{ Re*ni"tence (r?-n?"tens), Re*ni"ten*cy (-te-s?), } n. [Cf. F. +rénitence.] The state or quality of being renitent; resistance; +reluctance. Sterne. + + We find a renitency in ourselves to ascribe life and irritability + to the cold and motionless fibers of plants. + + +E. Darwin. + +Re*ni"tent (-tent), a. [L. renitens, -entis, p. pr. of renit to strive +or struggle against, resist; pref. re- re- + niti to struggle or +strive: cf. F. rénitent.] 1. Resisting pressure or the effect of it; +acting against impulse by elastic force. "[Muscles] soft and yet +renitent." Ray. + +2. Persistently opposed. + +Ren"ne (r?n"ne), v. t. To plunder; -- only in the phrase "to rape and +renne." See under Rap, v. t., to snatch. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Ren"ne, v. i. To run. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Ren"ner (-n?r), n. A runner. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Ren"net (r?n"n?t), n. [F. rainette, reinette, perhaps fr. raine a tree +frog, L. rana, because it is spotted like this kind of frog. Cf. +Ranunculus.] (Bot.) A name of many different kinds of apples. Cf. +Reinette. Mortimer. + +Ren"net, n. [AS. rinnan, rennan, to run, cf. gerinnan to curdle, +coagulate. √11. See Run, v.] The inner, or mucous, membrane of +the fourth stomach of the calf, or other young ruminant; also, an +infusion or preparation of it, used for coagulating milk. [Written also +runnet.] + +Cheese rennet. (Bot.) See under Cheese. -- Rennet ferment (Physiol. +Chem.), a ferment, present in rennet and in variable quantity in the +gastric juice of most animals, which has the power of curdling milk. +The ferment presumably acts by changing the casein of milk from a +soluble to an insoluble form. -- Rennet stomach (Anat.), the fourth +stomach, or abomasum, of ruminants. + +Ren"net*ed, a. Provided or treated with rennet. [R.] "Pressed milk +renneted." Chapman. + +Ren"net*ing, n. (Bot.) Same as 1st Rennet. + +Ren"ning (r?n"n?ng), n. See 2d Rennet. [Obs.] + + Asses' milk is holden for to be thickest, and therefore they use it + instead of renning, to turn milk. + + +Holland. + +Re`no*mee" (r`n*m"), n. [F. renommée.] Renown. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Re*nounce" (r*nouns"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Renounced (-nounst"); p. pr. +& vb. n. Renouncing (-noun"s?ng).] [F. renoncer, L. renuntiare to bring +back word, announce, revoke, retract, renounce; pref. re- re- + +nuntiare to announce, fr. nuncius, a messenger. See Nuncio, and cf. +Renunciation.] 1. To declare against; to reject or decline formally; to +refuse to own or acknowledge as belonging to one; to disclaim; as, to +renounce a title to land or to a throne. + +2. To cast off or reject deliberately; to disown; to dismiss; to +forswear. + + This world I do renounce, and in your sights Shake patiently my + great affliction off. + + +Shak. + +3. (Card Playing) To disclaim having a card of (the suit led) by +playing a card of another suit. + +To renounce probate (Law), to decline to act as the executor of a will. +Mozley & W. + +Syn. -- To cast off; disavow; disown; disclaim; deny; abjure; recant; +abandon; forsake; quit; forego; resign; relinquish; give up; abdicate. +-- Renounce, Abjure, Recant. -- To renounce is to make an affirmative +declaration of abandonment. To abjure is to renounce with, or as with, +the solemnity of an oath. To recant is to renounce or abjure some +proposition previously affirmed and maintained. + + From Thebes my birth I own; . . . since no disgrace Can force me to + renounce the honor of my race. + + +Dryden. + + Either to die the death, or to abjure Forever the society of man. + + +Shak. + + Ease would recant Vows made in pain, as violent and void. + + +Milton. + +Re*nounce", v. i. 1. To make renunciation. [Obs.] + + He of my sons who fails to make it good, By one rebellious act + renounces to my blood. + + +Dryden. + +2. (Law) To decline formally, as an executor or a person entitled to +letters of administration, to take out probate or letters. + + Dryden died without a will, and his widow having renounced, his son + Charles administered on June 10. + + +W. D. Christie. + +Re*nounce", n. (Card Playing) Act of renouncing. + +Re*nounce"ment (-ment), n. [Cf. F. renoncement.] The act of disclaiming +or rejecting; renunciation. Shak. + +Re*noun"cer (r?-noun"s?r), n. One who renounces. + +Ren"o*vate (r?n"?-v?t), v. t. [L. renovatus, p. p. of renovare;pref. +re- re- + novare to make new, fr. novus new. See New, and &?;&?; +Renew.] To make over again; to restore to freshness or vigor; to renew. + + All nature feels the reniovating force Of winter. + + +Thomson. + +Ren`o**va"tion (-v?"sh?n), n. [L. renovatio: cf. F. rénovation.] The +act or process of renovating; the state of being renovated or renewed. +Thomson. + + There is something inexpressibly pleasing in the annual renovation + of the world. + + +Rabbler. + +Ren"o*va`tor (r?n"?-v?`t?r), n. [L.: cf. F. rénovateur.] One who, or +that which, renovates. Foster. + +Re*nov"el (r?-n?v"el), v. t. [F. renouveler to renew.] To renew; to +renovate. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Re*nov"el*ance (-ans), n. Renewal. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Re*nowme" (r?-noum"), n. Renown. [Obs.] + + The glory and renowme of the ancectors. + + +Robynson (More's Utopia). + +Re*nowmed" (r?-noumd"), a. Renowned. [Obs.] + +Re*nown" (r?-noun"), n. [F. renom. See Noun, and cf. Renown, v.] 1. The +state of being much known and talked of; exalted reputation derived +from the extensive praise of great achievements or accomplishments; +fame; celebrity; -- always in a good sense. + + Nor envy we Thy great renown, nor grudge thy victory. + + +Dryden. + +2. Report of nobleness or exploits; praise. + + This famous duke of Milan, Of whom so often I have heard renown. + + +Shak. + +Re*nown" (r?-noun"), v. t. [F. renommer to name again, celebrate, make +famous; pref. re- re- + nommer to name, L. nominare , fr. nomen a +name. See Noun.] To make famous; to give renown to. [Obs.] + + For joi to hear me so renown his son. + + +Chapman. + + The bard whom pilfered pastorals renown. + + +Pope. + +Re*nowned" (r?-nound"), a. Famous; celebrated for great achievements, +for distinguished qualities, or for grandeur; eminent; as, a renowned +king. "Some renowned metropolis with glistering spires." Milton. + + These were the renowned of the congregation. + + +Num. i. 61. + +Syn. -- Famous; famed; distinguished; noted; eminent; celebrated; +remarkable; wonderful. See Famous. + +Re*nown"ed*ly (r?-noun"?d-l?), adv. With renown. + +Re*nown"er (-?r), n. One who gives renown. [R.] + +Re*nown"ful (-f?l), a. Having great renown; famous. "Renownful Scipio." +Marston. + +Re*nown"less, a. Without renown; inglorius. + +Rens"se*laer*ite (r?ns"se-l?r-?t), n. (Min.) A soft, compact variety of +talc,, being an altered pyroxene. It is often worked in a lathe into +inkstands and other articles. + +Rent (r?nt), v. i. To rant. [R. & Obs.] Hudibras. + +Rent, imp. & p. p. of Rend. + +Rent, n. [From Rend.] 1. An opening made by rending; a break or breach +made by force; a tear. + + See what a rent the envious Casca made. + + +Shak. + +2. Figuratively, a schism; a rupture of harmony; a separation; as, a +rent in the church. + +Syn. -- Fissure; breach; disrupture; rupture; tear; dilaceration; +break; fracture. + +Rent, v. t. To tear. See Rend. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Rent, n. [F. rente, LL. renta, fr. L. reddita, fem. sing. or neut. pl. +of redditus, p. p. of reddere to give back, pay. See Render.] 1. +Income; revenue. See Catel. [Obs.] "Catel had they enough and rent." +Chaucer. + + [Bacchus] a waster was and all his rent In wine and bordel he + dispent. + + +Gower. + + So bought an annual rent or two, And liv'd, just as you see I do. + + +Pope. + +2. Pay; reward; share; toll. [Obs.] + + Death, that taketh of high and low his rent. + + +Chaucer. + +3. (Law) A certain periodical profit, whether in money, provisions, +chattels, or labor, issuing out of lands and tenements in payment for +the use; commonly, a certain pecuniary sum agreed upon between a tenant +and his landlord, paid at fixed intervals by the lessee to the lessor, +for the use of land or its appendages; as, rent for a farm, a house, a +park, etc. + +The term rent is also popularly applied to compensation for the use of +certain personal chattels, as a piano, a sewing machine, etc. + +Black rent. See Blackmail, 3. -- Forehand rent, rent which is paid in +advance; foregift. -- Rent arrear, rent in arrears; unpaid rent. +Blackstone. -- Rent charge (Law), a rent reserved on a conveyance of +land in fee simple, or granted out of lands by deed; -- so called +because, by a covenant or clause in the deed of conveyance, the land is +charged with a distress for the payment of it. Bouvier. -- Rent roll, a +list or account of rents or income; a rental. -- Rent seck (Law), a +rent reserved by deed, but without any clause of distress; barren rent. +A power of distress was made incident to rent seck by Statute 4 George +II. c. 28. -- Rent service (Eng. Law), rent reserved out of land held +by fealty or other corporeal service; -- so called from such service +being incident to it. -- White rent, a quitrent when paid in silver; -- +opposed to black rent. + +Rent, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rented; p. pr. & vb. n. Renting.] [F. renter. +See Rent, n.] 1. To grant the possession and enjoyment of, for a rent; +to lease; as, the owwner of an estate or house rents it. + +2. To take and hold under an agreement to pay rent; as, the tennant +rents an estate of the owner. + +Rent, v. i. To be leased, or let for rent; as, an estate rents for five +hundred dollars a year. + +Rent"a*ble (-?-b'l), a. Capable of being rented, or suitable for +renting. + +Rent"age (-?j), n. [Cf. OF. rentage.] Rent. [Obs.] + +Rent"al (-al), n. [LL. rentale, fr. renta. See Rent income.] 1. A +schedule, account, or list of rents, with the names of the tenants, +etc.; a rent roll. + +2. A sum total of rents; as, an estate that yields a rental of ten +thousand dollars a year. + +||Rente (räNt), n. [F. See Rent income.] In France, interest payable by +||government on indebtedness; the bonds, shares, stocks, etc., which +||represent government indebtedness. + +Rent"er (r?nt"?r), n. One who rents or leases an estate; -- usually +said of a lessee or tenant. + +Ren"ter (r?n"t?r), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rentered (-t?rd); p. pr. & vb. +n. Rentering.] [F. rentraire; L. pref. re- re- + in into, in + trahere +to draw.] 1. To sew together so that the seam is scarcely visible; to +sew up with skill and nicety; to finedraw. + +2. To restore the original design of, by working in new warp; -- said +with reference to tapestry. + +Ren"ter*er (-?r), n. One who renters. + +||Ren`tier" (r?N`ty?"), n. [F. See 5th Rent.] One who has a fixed +||income, as from lands, stocks, or the like. + +Re*nu"mer*ate (r?-n?"m?r-?t), v. t. [L. renumeratus, p. p. of +renumerare to count over, count up; pref. re- re- + numerare to count. +See Numerate.] To recount. + +Re*nun`ci*a"tion (r?-n?n`s?-?"sh?n or -sh?-?"sh?n; 277), n. [Cf. F. +renonciation, L. renuntiatio ann announcement. See Renounce.] 1. The +act of renouncing. + +2. (Law) Formal declination to take out letters of administration, or +to assume an office, privilege, or right. + +Syn. -- Renouncement; disownment; disavowal; disavowment; disclaimer; +rejection; abjuration; recantation; denial; abandonment; +relinquishment. + +<! p. 1219 !> + +Re*nun"ci*a*to*ry (r?-n?n"sh?-?-t?-r?), a. [Cf. LL. renuntiatorius.] +Pertaining to renunciation; containing or declaring a renunciation; as, +renunciatory vows. + +Ren*verse" (r?n-vErs"), v. t. [F. renverser; L. pref. re- re- + in in, +into + versare, v. intens. fr. vertere to turn.] To reverse. [Obs.] + + Whose shield he bears renverst. + + +Spenser. + +{ Ren*verse" (r?n*v?rs"), or ||Ren`ver`sé" (r?n`v?r`s?") }, a. [F. +renversé, p. p. ] (Her.) Reversed; set with the head downward; turned +contrary to the natural position. + +Ren*verse"ment (-ment), n. [F.] A reversing. [Obs.] + +Ren*voy" (-voi"), v. t. [F. renvoyer.] To send back. [Obs.] "Not +dismissing or renvoying her." Bacon. + +Ren*voy", n. [F. renvoi.] A sending back. [Obs.] + +Re`ob*tain" (r?`?b-t?n"), v. t. To obtain again. + +Re`ob*tain"a*ble (-?-b'l), a. That may be reobtained. + +Re*oc"cu*py (r?-?k"k?-p?), v. t. To occupy again. + +Re*om"e*ter (r?-?m"?-t$r), n. Same as Rheometer. + +Re*o"pen (r?-?"p'n), v. t. & i. To open again. + +Re`op*pose" (r?`?p-p?z"), v. t. To oppose again. + +Re`or*dain" (r?`?r-d?n"), v. t. [Pref. re- re- + ordain: cf. F. +réordonner.] To ordain again, as when the first ordination is +considered defective. Bp. Burnet. + +Re*or"der (r?-?r"d?r), v. t. To order a second time. + +Re*or`di*na"tion, n. A second ordination. + +Re*or`gan*i*za"tion (-gan-?-z?"sh?n), n. The act of reorganizing; a +reorganized existence; as, reorganization of the troops. + +Re*or"gan*ize (r?-?r"gan-?z), v. t. & i. To organize again or anew; as, +to reorganize a society or an army. + +Re*o"ri*ent (r?-?"r?-ent), a. Rising again. [R.] + + The life reorient out of dust. + + +Tennyson. + +Re"o*stat (r?"?-st?t), n. (Physics) See Rheostat. + +Re"o*trope (-tr?p), n. (Physics) See Rheotrope. + +Rep (r?p), n. [Prob. a corruption of rib: cf. F. reps.] A fabric made +of silk or wool, or of silk and wool, and having a transversely corded +or ribbed surface. + +Rep, a. Formed with a surface closely corded, or ribbed transversely; +-- applied to textile fabrics of silk or wool; as, rep silk. + +Re*pace" (r?-p?s"), v. t. To pace again; to walk over again in a +contrary direction. + +Re*pac"i*fy (r?-p?s"?-f?), v. t. To pacify again. + +Re*pack" (r?-p?k"), v. t. To pack a second time or anew; as, to repack +beef; to repack a trunk. + +Re*pack"er (-?r), n. One who repacks. + +Re*pa"gan*ize (r?-p?"gan-?z), v. t. To paganize anew; to bring back to +paganism. + +Re*paid" (r?-p?d"), imp. & p. p. of Repay. + +Re*paint" (r?-p?nt"), v. t. To paint anew or again; as, to repaint a +house; to repaint the ground of a picture. + +Re*pair" (r?-p?r"), v. i. [OE. repairen, OF. repairier to return, fr. +L. repatriare to return to one's contry, to go home again; pref. re- +re- + patria native country, fr. pater father. See Father, and cf. +Repatriate.] 1. To return. [Obs.] + + I thought . . . that he repaire should again. + + +Chaucer. + +2. To go; to betake one's self; to resort; ass, to repair to sanctuary +for safety. Chaucer. + + Go, mount the winds, and to the shades repair. + + +Pope. + +Re*pair", n. [OF. repaire retreat, asylum, abode. See Repair to go.] 1. +The act of repairing or resorting to a place. [R.] Chaucer. + + The king sent a proclamation for their repair to their houses. + + +Clarendon. + +2. Place to which one repairs; a haunt; a resort. [R.] + + There the fierce winds his tender force assail And beat him + downward to his first repair. + + +Dryden. + +Re*pair", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Repaired (-p?rd"); p. pr. & vb. n. +Repairing.] [F. réparer, L. reparare; pref. re- re- + parare to +prepare. See Pare, and cf. Reparation.] 1. To restore to a sound or +good state after decay, injury, dilapidation, or partial destruction; +to renew; to restore; to mend; as, to repair a house, a road, a shoe, +or a ship; to repair a shattered fortune. + + Secret refreshings that repair his strength. + + +Milton. + + Do thou, as thou art wont, repair My heart with gladness. + + +Wordsworth. + +2. To make amends for, as for an injury, by an equivalent; to indemnify +for; as, to repair a loss or damage. + + I 'll repair the misery thou dost bear. + + +Shak. + +Syn. -- To restore, recover; renew; amend; mend; retrieve; recruit. + +Re*pair", n. 1. Restoration to a sound or good state after decay, +waste, injury, or partial restruction; supply of loss; reparation; as, +materials are collected for the repair of a church or of a city. + + Sunk down and sought repair Of sleep, which instantly fell on me. + + +Milton. + +2. Condition with respect to soundness, perfectness, etc.; as, a house +in good, or bad, repair; the book is out of repair. + +Re*pair"a*ble (-?*b'l), a. Reparable. Gauden. + +Re*pair"er (-?r), n. One who, or that which, repairs, restores, or +makes amends. + +Re*pair"ment, n. Act of repairing. + +Re*pand" (r?*p?nd), a. [L. repandus bent backward, turned up; pref. re- +re- + pandus bent, crooked.] (Bot. & Zool.) Having a slightly +undulating margin; -- said of leaves. + +Rep`a*ra*bil"i*ty (r?p`?-r?-b?l"?-t?), n. The quality or state of being +reparable. + +Rep"a*ra*ble (r?p"?-r?-b'l), a. [L. reparabilis: cf. F. réparable.] +Capable of being repaired, restored to a sound or good state, or made +good; restorable; as, a reparable injury. + +Rep"a*ra*bly, adv. In a reparable manner. + +Rep`a*ra"tion (-r?"sh?n), n. [F. réparation, L. reparatio. See Repair +to mend.] 1. The act of renewing, restoring, etc., or the state of +being renewed or repaired; as, the reparation of a bridge or of a +highway; -- in this sense, repair is oftener used. Arbuthnot. + +2. The act of making amends or giving satisfaction or compensation for +a wrong, injury, etc.; also, the thing done or given; amends; +satisfaction; indemnity. + + I am sensible of the scandal I have given by my loose writings, and + make what reparation I am able. + + +Dryden. + +Syn. -- Restoration; repair; restitution; compensation; amends; +satisfaction. + +Re*par"a*tive (r?-p?r"?-t?v), a. Repairing, or tending to repair. Jer. +Taylor. + +Re*par"a*tive, n. That which repairs. Sir H. Wotton. + +Re*par"el (-?l), n. [Cf. Reapparel.] A change of apparel; a second or +different suit. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. + +Rep`ar*tee" (r?p`3r-t?"), n. [F. repartie, fr. repartir to reply, +depart again; pref. re- re- partir to part, depart. See Part.] A smart, +ready, and witty reply. + + Cupid was as bad as he; Hear but the youngster's repartee. + + +Prior. + +Syn. -- Retort; reply. See Retort. + +Rep`ar*tee", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Reparteed (-t?d"); p. pr. & vb. n. +Reparteeing.] To make smart and witty replies. [R.] Prior. + +||Re`par*ti`mi*en"to (r?`p?r-t?`m?-?n"t?), n. [Sp., fr. repartir to +||divide.] A partition or distribution, especially of slaves; also, an +||assessment of taxes. W. Irving. + +Re`par*to"tion (r?-p?r-t?sh"?n), n. Another, or an additional, +separation into parts. + +Re*pass" (r?-p?s"), v. t. [Pref. re- + pass: cf. F. repasser. Cf. +Repace.] To pass again; to pass or travel over in the opposite +direction; to pass a second time; as, to repass a bridge or a river; to +repass the sea. + +Re*pass", v. i. To pass or go back; to move back; as, troops passing +and repassing before our eyes. + +Re*pas"sage (r?-p?s"s?j;48), n. The act of repassing; passage back. +Hakluyt. + +Re*pas"sant (r?-p?s"sant), a. [Cf. F. repassant, p. pr.] (Her.) +Counterpassant. + +Re*past" (r?-p?st"), n. [OF. repast, F. repas, LL. repastus, fr. L. +repascere to feed again; pref. re- re- + pascere, pastum, to pasture, +feed. See Pasture.] 1. The act of taking food. + + From dance to sweet repast they turn. + + +Milton. + +2. That which is taken as food; a meal; figuratively, any refreshment. +"Sleep . . . thy best repast." Denham. + + Go and get me some repast. + + +Shak. + +Re*past", v. t. & i. To supply food to; to feast; to take food. [Obs.] +"Repast them with my blood." Shak. + + He then, also, as before, left arbitrary the dieting and repasting + of our minds. + + +Milton. + +Re*past"er (-?r), n. One who takes a repast. [Obs.] + +Re*pas"ture (-p?s"t?r;135), n. [See Repast.] Food; entertainment. +[Obs.] + + Food for his rage, repasture for his den. + + +Shak. + +Re*pa"tri*ate (r?-p?"tr?-?t), v. t. [L. repatriare. See 1st Repair.] To +restore to one's own country. + +Re*pa`tri*a"tion (-?"sh?n), n. [Cf. LL. repatriatio return to one's +country.] Restoration to one's country. + +Re*pay" (r?-p?"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Repaid (-p?d"); p. pr. & vb. n. +Repaying.] [Pref. re- + pay: cf. F. repayer.] 1. To pay back; to +refund; as, to repay money borrowed or advanced. + + If you repay me not on such a day, In such a place, such sum or + sums. + + +Shak. + +2. To make return or requital for; to recompense; -- in a good or bad +sense; as, to repay kindness; to repay an injury. + + Benefits which can not be repaid . . . are not commonly found to + increase affection. + + +Rambler. + +3. To pay anew, or a second time, as a debt. + +Syn. -- To refund; restore; return; recompense; compensate; remunerate; +satisfy; reimburse; requite. + +Re*pay"a*ble (-?-b'l), a. Capable of being, or proper to be , repaid; +due; as, a loan repayable in ten days; services repayable in kind. + +Re*pay"ment (-ment), n. 1. The act of repaying; reimbursement. Jer. +Taylor. + +2. The money or other thing repaid. + +Re*peal" (r?-p?l"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Repealed (-p?ld"); p. pr. & vb. +n. Repealing.] [OF. repeler to call back, F. rappeler; pref. re- re- + +OF. apeler, F. appeler, to call, L. appellare. See Appeal, and. cf. +Repel.] 1. To recall; to summon again, as persons. [Obs.] + + The banished Bolingbroke repeals himself, And with uplifted arms is + safe arrived. + + +Shak. + +2. To recall, as a deed, will, law, or statute; to revoke; to rescind +or abrogate by authority, as by act of the legislature; as, to repeal a +law. + +3. To suppress; to repel. [Obs.] + + Whence Adam soon repealed The doubts that in his heart arose. + + +Milton. + +Syn. -- To abolish; revoke; rescind; recall; annul; abrogate; cancel; +reverse. See Abolish. + +Re*peal", n. 1. Recall, as from exile. [Obs.] + + The tribunes are no soldiers; and their people Will be as rash in + the repeal, as hasty To expel him thence. + + +Shak. + +2. Revocation; abrogation; as, the repeal of a statute; the repeal of a +law or a usage. + +Re*peal`a*bil"i*ty (-?-b?l"?-t?), n. The quality or state of being +repealable. + +Re*peal"a*ble (r?-p?l"?-b'l), a. Capable of being repealed. -- +Re*peal"a*ble*ness, n. + +Syn. -- Revocable; abrogable; voidable; reversible. + +Re*peal"er (-?r), n. One who repeals; one who seeks a repeal; +specifically, an advocate for the repeal of the Articles of Union +between Great Britain and Ireland. + +Re*peal"ment (-ment), n. Recall, as from banishment. [Obs.] + +Re*peat" (-p?t"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Repeated; p. pr. & vb. n. +Repeating.] [F. répéter, L. repetere; pref. re- re- + petere to fall +upon, attack. See Petition.] + +1. To go over again; to attempt, do, make, or utter again; to iterate; +to recite; as, to repeat an effort, an order, or a poem. "I will repeat +our former communication." Robynson (More's Utopia). + + Not well conceived of God; who, though his power Creation could + repeat, yet would be loth Us to abolish. + + +Milton. + +2. To make trial of again; to undergo or encounter again. [Obs.] +Waller. + +3. (Scots Law) To repay or refund (an excess received). + +To repeat one's self, to do or say what one has already done or said. +-- To repeat signals, to make the same signals again; specifically, to +communicate, by repeating them, the signals shown at headquarters. + +Syn. -- To reiterate; iterate; renew; recite; relate; rehearse; +recapitulate. See Reiterate. + +Re*peat" (r?-p?t"), n. 1. The act of repeating; repetition. + +2. That which is repeated; as, the repeat of a pattern; that is, the +repetition of the engraved figure on a roller by which an impression is +produced (as in calico printing, etc.). + +3. (Mus.) A mark, or series of dots, placed before and after, or often +only at the end of, a passage to be repeated in performance. + +Re*peat"ed*ly, adv. More than once; again and again; indefinitely. + +Re*peat"er (-?r), n. One who, or that which, repeats. Specifically: (a) +A watch with a striking apparatus which, upon pressure of a spring, +will indicate the time, usually in hours and quarters. (b) A repeating +firearm. (c) (Teleg.) An instrument for resending a telegraphic message +automatically at an intermediate point. (d) A person who votes more +than once at an election. [U.S.] (e) See Circulating decimal, under +Decimal. (f) (Naut.) A pennant used to indicate that a certain flag in +a hoist of signal is duplicated. Ham. Nav. Encyc. + +Re*peat"ing, a. Doing the same thing over again; accomplishing a given +result many times in succession; as, a repeating firearm; a repeating +watch. + +Repeating circle. See the Note under Circle, n., 3. -- Repeating +decimal (Arith.), a circulating decimal. See under Decimal. -- +Repeating firearm, a firearm that may be discharged many times in quick +succession; especially: (a) A form of firearm so constructed that by +the action of the mechanism the charges are successively introduced +from a chamber containing them into the breech of the barrel, and +fired. (b) A form in which the charges are held in, and discharged +from, a revolving chamber at the breech of the barrel. See Revolver, +and Magazine gun, under Magazine. -- Repeating instruments (Astron. & +Surv.), instruments for observing angles, as a circle, theodolite, +etc., so constructed that the angle may be measured several times in +succession, and different, but successive and contiguous, portions of +the graduated limb, before reading off the aggregate result, which +aggregate, divided by the number of measurements, gives the angle, +freed in a measure from errors of eccentricity and graduation. -- +Repeating watch. See Repeater (a) + +Rep"e*da"tion (r?p`?-da"sh?n), n. [L. repedare to step back; pref. re- +re- + pes, pedis, foot.] A stepping or going back. [Obs.] Dr. H. More. + +Re**pel" (r?-p?l"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Repelled (-p?ld"); p. pr. & vb. +n. Repelling.] [L. repellere, repulsum; pref. re- re- + pellere to +drive. See Pulse a beating, and cf. Repulse, Repeal.] 1. To drive back; +to force to return; to check the advance of; to repulse as, to repel an +enemy or an assailant. + + Hippomedon repelled the hostile tide. + + +Pope. + + They repelled each other strongly, and yet attracted each other + strongly. + + +Macaulay. + +2. To resist or oppose effectually; as, to repel an assault, an +encroachment, or an argument. + + [He] gently repelled their entreaties. + + +Hawthorne. + +Syn. -- Tu repulse; resist; oppose; reject; refuse. + +Re*pel", v. i. To act with force in opposition to force impressed; to +exercise repulsion. + +{ Re*pel"lence (-lens), Re*pel"len*cy (- len-s?), } n. The principle of +repulsion; the quality or capacity of repelling; repulsion. + +Re*pel"lent (-lent), a. [L. repellens, -entis, p. pr. ] Driving back; +able or tending to repel. + +Re*pel"lent, n. 1. That which repels. + +2. (Med.) A remedy to repel from a tumefied part the fluids which +render it tumid. Dunglison. + +3. A kind of waterproof cloth. Knight. + +Re*pel"ler (-l?r), n. One who, or that which, repels. + +Re"pent (r?"p?nt), a. [L. repens, -entis, creeping, p. pr. of repere to +creep.] 1. (Bot.) Prostrate and rooting; -- said of stems. Gray. + +2. (Zoöl.) Same as Reptant. + +Re*pent" (r?-p?nt"), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Repented; p. pr. & vb. n. +Repenting.] [F. se repentir; L. pref. re- re- + poenitere to make +repent, poenitet me it repents me, I repent. See Penitent.] 1. To feel +pain, sorrow, or regret, for what one has done or omitted to do. + + First she relents With pity; of that pity then repents. + + +Dryden. + +2. To change the mind, or the course of conduct, on account of regret +or dissatisfaction. + + Lest, peradventure, the people repent when they see war, and they + return to Egypt. + + +Ex. xiii. 17. + +3. (Theol.) To be sorry for sin as morally evil, and to seek +forgiveness; to cease to love and practice sin. + + Except ye repent, ye shall likewise perish. + + +Luke xii. 3. + +Re*pent", v. t. 1. To feel pain on account of; to remember with sorrow. + + I do repent it from my very soul. + + +Shak. + +<! p. 1220 !> + +2. To feel regret or sorrow; -- used reflexively. + + My father has repented him ere now. + + +Dryden. + +3. To cause to have sorrow or regret; -- used impersonally. [Archaic] +"And it repented the Lord that he had made man on the earth." Gen. vi. +6. + +Re*pent"ance (r*pnt"ans), n. [F. repentance.] The act of repenting, or +the state of being penitent; sorrow for what one has done or omitted to +do; especially, contrition for sin. Chaucer. + + Godly sorrow worketh repentance to salvation. + + +2. Cor. vii. 20. + + Repentance is a change of mind, or a conversion from sin to God. + + +Hammond. + + Repentance is the relinquishment of any practice from the + conviction that it has offended God. Sorrow, fear, and anxiety are + properly not parts, but adjuncts, of repentance; yet they are too + closely connected with it to be easily separated. + + +Rambler. + +Syn. -- Contrition; regret; penitence; contriteness; compunction. See +Contrition. + +Re*pent"ant (-ant), a. [F. repentant.] 1. Penitent; sorry for sin. +Chaucer. + + Thus they, in lowliest plight, repentant stood. + + +Millton. + +2. Expressing or showing sorrow for sin; as, repentant tears; repentant +ashes. "Repentant sighs and voluntary pains." Pope. + +Re*pent"ant, n. One who repents, especially one who repents of sin; a +penitent. + +Re*pent"ant*ly, adv. In a repentant manner. + +Re*pent"er (-r), n. One who repents. + +Re*pent"ing*ly, adv. With repentance; penitently. + +Re*pent"less, a. Unrepentant. [R.] + +Re*peo"ple (r*p"p'l), v. t. [Pref. re- + people: cf. F. repeupler.] To +people anew. + +Re`per*cep"tion (r?`p?r-s?p"sh?n), n. The act of perceiving again; a +repeated perception of the same object. + + No external praise can give me such a glow as my own solitary + reperception and ratification of what is fine. + + +Keats. + +Re`per*cuss" (-ks"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Repercussed (-k?st");p. pr. & +vb. n. Repercussing.] [L. repercusus, p. p. of repercutere to drive +back; pref. re- re- + percutere. See Percussion.] To drive or beat +back; hence, to reflect; to reverberate. + + Perceiving all the subjacent country, . . . to repercuss such a + light as I could hardly look against. + + +Evelyn. + +Re`per*cus"sion (-k?sh"?n), n. [L. repercussio: cf. F. répercussion.] +1. The act of driving back, or the state of being driven back; +reflection; reverberation; as, the repercussion of sound. + + Ever echoing back in endless repercussion. + + +Hare. + +2. (Mus.) Rapid reiteration of the same sound. + +3. (Med.) The subsidence of a tumor or eruption by the action of a +repellent. Dunglison. + +4. (Obstetrics) In a vaginal examination, the act of imparting through +the uterine wall with the finger a shock to the fetus, so that it +bounds upward, and falls back again against the examining finger. + +Re`per*cuss"ive (-k?s"?v), a. [Cf. F. répercussif.] + +1. Tending or able to repercuss; having the power of sending back; +causing to reverberate. + + Ye repercussive rocks! repeat the sound. + + +W. Pattison. + +2. Repellent. [Obs.] "Blood is stanched by astringent and repercussive +medicines." Bacon. + +3. Driven back; rebounding; reverberated. "Rages loud the repercussive +roar." Thomson. + +Re`per*cuss"ive, n. A repellent. [Obs.] Bacon. + +Rep`er*ti"tious (r?p`?r-t?sh"?s), a. [L. reperticius. See Repertory.] +Found; gained by finding. [Obs.] + +||Ré`per`toire" (F. r`pâr`twär"; E. rp"r*twär), n. [F. See Repertory.] +||A list of dramas, operas, pieces, parts, etc., which a company or a +||person has rehearsed and is prepared to perform. + +Rep"er*to*ry (r?p"?r-t?-r?), n. [L. repertorium, fr. reperire to find +again; pref. re- re + parire, parere, to bring forth, procure: cf. F. +répertoire. Cf. Parent.] + +1. A place in which things are disposed in an orderly manner, so that +they can be easily found, as the index of a book, a commonplace book, +or the like. + +2. A treasury; a magazine; a storehouse. + +3. Same as Répertoire. + +Re`pe*rus"al (r?`p?-r?z"al), n. A second or repeated perusal. + +Re`pe*ruse" (-r?z"), v. t. To peruse again. Ld. Lytton. + +Rep`e*tend (r?p`?-t?nd"), n. [L. repetendus to be repeated, fr. +repetere to repeat.] (Math.) That part of a circulating decimal which +recurs continually, ad infinitum: -- sometimes indicated by a dot over +the first and last figures; thus, in the circulating decimal .728328328 ++ (otherwise .7&2dot;8&3dot;), the repetend is 283. + +Rep`e*ti"tion (rp`-tsh"n), n. [L. repetitio: cf. F. répétition. See +Repeat.] 1. The act of repeating; a doing or saying again; iteration. + + I need not be barren of accusations; he hath faults, with surplus + to tire in repetition. + + +Shak. + +2. Recital from memory; rehearsal. + +3. (Mus.) The act of repeating, singing, or playing, the same piece or +part a second time; reiteration of a note. + +4. (Rhet.) Reiteration, or repeating the same word, or the same sense +in different words, for the purpose of making a deeper impression on +the audience. + +5. (Astron. & Surv.) The measurement of an angle by successive +observations with a repeating instrument. + +Syn. -- Iteration; rehearsal. See Tautology. + +{ Rep`e*ti"tion*al (-al). Rep`e*ti"tion*a*ry (-?-r?) }, a. Of the +nature of, or containing, repetition. [R.] + +Rep`e*ti"tion*er (-?r), n. One who repeats. [Obs.] + +Rep`e*ti"tious (-t?sh"?s), a. Repeating; containing repetition. [U.S.] +Dr. T. Dwight. + +Re*pet"i*tive (r?-p?t"?-t?v), a. Containing repetition; repeating. [R.] + +||Rep"e*ti`tor (r?p"?-t?`t?r), n. [Cf. L. repetitor a reclaimer.] +||(Ger.Univ.) A private instructor. + +Re*pine" (r?-p?n"), v. i. [Pref. re- + pine to languish.] + +1. To fail; to wane. [Obs.] "Reppening courage yields no foot to foe." +Spenser. + +2. To continue pining; to feel inward discontent which preys on the +spirits; to indulge in envy or complaint; to murmur. + + But Lachesis thereat gan to repine. + + +Spenser. + + What if the head, the eye, or ear repined To serve mere engines to + the ruling mind? + + +Pope. + +Re*pine", n. Vexation; mortification. [Obs.] Shak. + +Re*pin"er (r?-p?n"?r), n. One who repines. + +Re*pin"ing*ly, adv. With repening or murmuring. + +||Rep"kie (r?p"k?), n. [From the native name.] (Zoöl.) Any edible sea +||urchin. [Alaska] + +Re*place" (r?-pl?s"), v. t. [Pref. re- + place: cf. F. replacer.] 1. To +place again; to restore to a former place, position, condition, or the +like. + + The earl . . . was replaced in his government. + + +Bacon. + +2. To refund; to repay; to restore; as, to replace a sum of money +borrowed. + +3. To supply or substitute an equivalent for; as, to replace a lost +document. + + With Israel, religion replaced morality. + + +M. Arnold. + +4. To take the place of; to supply the want of; to fulfull the end or +office of. + + This duty of right intention does not replace or supersede the duty + of consideration. + + +Whewell. + +5. To put in a new or different place. + +The propriety of the use of replace instead of displace, supersede, +take the place of, as in the third and fourth definitions, is often +disputed on account of etymological discrepancy; but the use has been +sanctioned by the practice of careful writers. + +Replaced crystal (Crystallog.), a crystal having one or more planes in +the place of its edges or angles. + +Re*place`a*bil"i*ty (-?-b?l"?-t?), n. The quality, state, or degree of +being replaceable. + +Re*place"a*ble (r?-pl?s"?-b'l), a. 1. Capable or admitting of being put +back into a place. + +2. Admitting of having its place supplied by a like thing or an +equivalent; as, the lost book is replaceable. + +3. (Chem.) Capable of being replaced (by), or of being exchanged (for); +as, the hydrogen of acids is replaceable by metals or by basic +radicals. + +Re*place"ment (-ment), n. 1. The act of replacing. + +2. (Crystallog.) The removal of an edge or an angle by one or more +planes. + +Re*plait" (r?-pl?t"), v. t. To plait or fold again; to fold, as one +part over another, again and again. + +Re*plant" (rE-pl?nt"), v. t. To plant again. + +Re*plant"a*ble (-?-b'l), a. That may be planted again. + +Re`plan*ta"tion (r?`pl?n-t?"sh?n), n. The act of planting again; a +replanting. [R.] Hallywell. + +Re*plead" (r?-pl?d"), v. t. & i. To plead again. + +Re*plead"er (-?r), n. (Law) A second pleading, or course of pleadings; +also, the right of pleading again. + + Whenever a repleader is granted, the pleadings must begin de novo. + + +Blackstone. + +Re*plen"ish (r?-pl?n"?sh), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Replenished (-?sht); p. +pr. & vb. n. Replenishing.] [OE. replenissen, OF. replenir; L. pref. +re- re- + plenus full. See Full, -ish, and cf. Replete.] 1. To fill +again after having been diminished or emptied; to stock anew; hence, to +fill completely; to cause to abound. + + Multiply and replenish the earth. + + +Gen. i. 28. + + The waters thus With fish replenished, and the air with fowl. + + +Milton. + +2. To finish; to complete; to perfect. [Obs.] + + We smothered The most replenished sweet work of nature. + + +Shak. + +Re*plen"ish, v. i. To recover former fullness. [Obs.] + + The humors will not replenish so soon. + + +Bacon. + +Re*plen"ish*er (-?r), n. One who replenishes. + +Re*plen"ish*ment (-ment), n. 1. The act of replenishing, or the state +of being replenished. + +2. That which replenishes; supply. Cowper. + +Re*plete" (r?-pl?t"), a. [L. repletus, p. p. of replere to fill again, +fill up; pref. re- re- + plere to fill, akin to plenus full: cf. F. +replet corpulent. See Plenty, Replenish.] Filled again; completely +filled; full; charged; abounding. "His words replete with guile." +Milton. + + When he of wine was replet at his feast. + + +Chaucer. + + In heads replete with thoughts of other men. + + +Cowper. + +Re*plete", v. t. To fill completely, or to satiety. [R.] + +Re*plete"ness, n. The state of being replete. + +Re*ple"tion (r?-pl?"sh?n), n. [L. repletio a filling up: cf. F. +réplétion. See Replete.] 1. The state of being replete; superabundant +fullness. + + The tree had too much repletion, and was oppressed with its own + sap. + + +Bacon. + + Repleccioun [overeating] ne made her never sick. + + +Chaucer. + +2. (Med.) Fullness of blood; plethora. + +Re*ple"tive (-t?v), a. [Cf. F. réplétif.] Tending to make replete; +filling. -- Re*ple"tive*ly, adv. + +Re*ple"to*ry (-t?-r?), a. Repletive. [R.] + +Re*plev"i*a*ble (r?-pl?v"?-?-b'l), a. [See Replevy.] (Law) Capable of +being replevied. + +Re*plev"in (-?n), n. [LL. replevina. See Replevy, and cf. Plevin.] 1. +(Law) A personal action which lies to recover possession of goods and +chattle wrongfully taken or detained. Originally, it was a remedy +peculiar to cases for wrongful distress, but it may generally now be +brought in all cases of wrongful taking or detention. Bouvier. + +2. The writ by which goods and chattels are replevied. + +Re*plev"in, v. t. (Law) To replevy. + +Re*plev"i*sa*ble (-?-s?-b'l), a. [OF. replevisable.] Repleviable. Sir +M. Hale. + +Re*plev"y (-?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Replevied (-?d); p. pr. & vb. n. +Replevying.] [OF. replevir, LL. replevire. See Pledge, Replevin.] 1. +(Law) To take or get back, by a writ for that purpose (goods and +chattels wrongfully taken or detained), upon giving security to try the +right to them in a suit at law, and, if that should be determined +against the plaintiff, to return the property replevied. + +2. (Old Eng. Law) To bail. Spenser. + +Re*plev"y (r?-pl?v"?), n. Replevin. Mozley & W. + +||Rep"li*ca (r?p"l?-k?), n. [It. See Reply, v. & n.] + +1. (Fine Arts) A copy of a work of art, as of a picture or statue, made +by the maker of the original. + +2. (Mus.) Repetition. + +Rep"li*cant (r?p"l?-kant), n. One who replies. + +Rep"li*cate (-?-k?t), v. t. To reply. [Obs.] + +{ Rep"li*cate (l?-k?t), Rep"li*ca`ted (-k?`t?d), } a. [L. replicatus, +p. p. of replicare. See Reply.] Folded over or backward; folded back +upon itself; as, a replicate leaf or petal; a replicate margin of a +shell. + +Rep`li*ca"tion (-k?"sh?n), n. [L. replicatio. See Reply.] 1. An answer; +a reply. Shak. + + Withouten any repplicacioun. + + +Chaucer. + +2. (Law Pleadings) The reply of the plaintiff, in matters of fact, to +the defendant's plea. + +3. Return or repercussion, as of sound; echo. + + To hear the replication of your sounds. + + +Shak. + +4. A repetition; a copy. + +Farrar. + +Syn. -- Answer; response; reply; rejoinder. + +Re*pli"er (r?-pl?"?r), n. One who replies. Bacon. + +||Re"plum (r?"pl?m), n. [L., doorcase.] (Bot.) The framework of some +||pods, as the cress, which remains after the valves drop off. Gray. + +Re*ply" (r?-pl?"), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Replied (-pl?d"); p. pr. & vb. +n. Replying.] [OE. replien, OF. replier, F. répliquer, fr. L. replicare +to fold back, make a reply; pref. re- re- + plicare to fold. See Ply, +and cf. Replica.] 1. To make a return in words or writing; to respond; +to answer. + + O man, who art thou that repliest against God? + + +Rom. ix. 20. + +2. (Law) To answer a defendant's plea. + +3. Figuratively, to do something in return for something done; as, to +reply to a signal; to reply to the fire of a battery. + +Syn. -- To answer; respond; rejoin. + +Re*ply", v. t. To return for an answer. Milton. + + Lords, vouchsafe To give me hearing what I shall reply. + + +Shak. + +Re*ply", n.; pl. Replies (-pl&?;z"). [See Reply, v. i., and cf. +Replica.] That which is said, written, or done in answer to what is +said, written, or done by another; an answer; a response. + +Syn. -- Answer; rejoinder; response. -- Reply, Rejoinder, Answer. A +reply is a distinct response to a formal question or attack in speech +or writing. A rejoinder is a second reply (a reply to a reply) in a +protracted discussion or controversy. The word answer is used in two +senses, namely (1), in the most general sense of a mere response; as, +the answer to a question; or (2), in the sense of a decisive and +satisfactory confutation of an adversary's argument, as when we speak +of a triumphant answer to the speech or accusations of an opponent. +Here the noun corresponds to a frequent use of the verb, as when we +say. "This will answer (i.e., fully meet) the end in view;" "It answers +the purpose." + +Re*ply"er (-?r), n. See Replier. Bacon. + +Re*pol"ish (r?-p?l"?sh), v. t. To polish again. + +Re*pone" (r?-p?n"), v. t. [L. reponere; pref. re- re- + ponere to +place.] To replace. R. Baillie. + +Re*pop`u*la"tion (r?*p?p`?*l?"sh?n), n. The act of repeopling; act of +furnishing with a population anew. + +Re*port" (r?-p?rt"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reported; p. pr. & vb. n. +Reporting.] [F. reporter to carry back, carry (cf. rapporter; see +Rapport), L. reportare to bear or bring back; pref. re- re- + portare +to bear or bring. See Port bearing, demeanor.] 1. To refer. [Obs.] + + Baldwin, his son, . . . succeeded his father; so like unto him that + we report the reader to the character of King Almeric, and will + spare the repeating his description. + + +Fuller. + +2. To bring back, as an answer; to announce in return; to relate, as +what has been discovered by a person sent to examine, explore, or +investigate; as, a messenger reports to his employer what he has seen +or ascertained; the committee reported progress. + + There is no man that may reporten all. + + +Chaucer. + +3. To give an account of; to relate; to tell; to circulate publicly, as +a story; as, in the common phrase, it is reported. Shak. + + It is reported among the heathen, and Gashmu saith it, that thou + and the Jews think to rebel. + + +Neh. vi. 6. + +4. To give an official account or statement of; as, a treasurer reports +the receipts and expenditures. + +5. To return or repeat, as sound; to echo. [Obs. or R.] "A church with +windows only from above, that reporteth the voice thirteen times." +Bacon. + +6. (Parliamentary Practice) To return or present as the result of an +examination or consideration of any matter officially referred; as, the +committee reported the bill witth amendments, or reported a new bill, +or reported the results of an inquiry. + +7. To make minutes of, as a speech, or the doings of a public body; to +write down from the lips of a speaker. + +8. To write an account of for publication, as in a newspaper; as, to +report a public celebration or a horse race. + +9. To make a statement of the conduct of, especially in an unfavorable +sense; as, to report a servant to his employer. + +To be reported, or To be reported of, to be spoken of; to be mentioned, +whether favorably or unfavorably. Acts xvi. 2. -- To report one's self, +to betake one's self, as to a superior or one to whom service is due, +and be in readiness to receive orders or do service. + +Syn. -- To relate; narrate; tell; recite; describe. + +Re*port" (r?-p?rt"), v. i. 1. To make a report, or response, in respect +of a matter inquired of, a duty enjoined, or information expected; as, +the committee will report at twelve o'clock. + +2. To furnish in writing an account of a speech, the proceedings at a +meeting, the particulars of an occurrence, etc., for publication. + +<! p. 1221 !> + +3. To present one's self, as to a superior officer, or to one to whom +service is due, and to be in readiness for orders or to do service; +also, to give information, as of one's address, condition, etc.; as, +the officer reported to the general for duty; to report weekly by +letter. + +Re*port" (r*prt"), n. [Cf. F. rapport. See Report.v. t.] 1. That which +is reported. Specifically: (a) An account or statement of the results +of examination or inquiry made by request or direction; relation. "From +Thetis sent as spies to make report." Waller. (b) A story or statement +circulating by common talk; a rumor; hence, fame; repute; reputation. + + It was a true report that I heard in mine own land of thy acts and + of thy wisdom. + + +1 Kings x. 6. + + Cornelius the centurion, a just man, and . . . of good report among + all the nation of the Jews. + + +Acts x. 22. + +(c) Sound; noise; as, the report of a pistol or cannon. (d) An official +statement of facts, verbal or written; especially, a statement in +writing of proceedings and facts exhibited by an officer to his +superiors; as, the reports of the heads af departments to Congress, of +a master in chancery to the court, of committees to a legislative body, +and the like. (e) An account or statement of a judicial opinion or +decision, or of case argued and determined in a court of law, chancery, +etc.; also, in the plural, the volumes containing such reports; as, +Coke's Reports. (f) A sketch, or a fully written account, of a speech, +debate, or the proceedings of a public meeting, legislative body, etc. + +2. Rapport; relation; connection; reference. [Obs.] + + The corridors worse, having no report to the wings they join to. + + +Evelyn. + +Syn. -- Account; relation; narration; detail; description; recital; +narrative; story; rumor; hearsay. + +Re*port"a*ble (-*b'l), a. Capable or admitting of being reported. + +Re*port"age (-j), n. SAme as Report. [Obs.] + +Re*port"er (-r), n. One who reports. Specifically: (a) An officer or +person who makes authorized statements of law proceedings and +decisions, or of legislative debates. (b) One who reports speeches, the +proceedings of public meetings, news, etc., for the newspapers. + + Of our tales judge and reportour. + + +Chaucer. + +Re*port"ing*ly, adv. By report or common fame. + +Re`por*to"ri*al (r`pr*t"r*al), a. Of or pertaining to a reporter or +reporters; as, the reportorial staff of a newspaper. + +Re*pos"al (r*pz"al), n. [From Repose.] 1. The act or state of reposing; +as, the reposal of a trust. Shak. + +2. That on which one reposes. [Obs.] Burton. + +Re*pos"ance (-ans), n. Reliance. [Obs.] John Hall. + +Re*pose" (r*pz"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reposed (-p?zd"); p. pr. & vb. n. +Reposing.] [F. reposer; L. pref. re- re- + pausare to pause. See Pause, +Pose, v.] 1. To cause to stop or to rest after motion; hence, to +deposit; to lay down; to lodge; to reposit. [Obs.] + + But these thy fortunes let us straight repose In this divine cave's + bosom. + + +Chapman. + + Pebbles reposed in those cliffs amongst the earth . . . are left + behind. + + +Woodward. + +2. To lay at rest; to cause to be calm or quiet; to compose; to rest, +-- often reflexive; as, to repose one's self on a couch. + + All being settled and reposed, the lord archbishop did present his + majesty to the lords and commons. + + +Fuller. + + After the toil of battle to repose Your wearied virtue. + + +Milton. + +3. To place, have, or rest; to set; to intrust. + + The king reposeth all his confidence in thee. + + +Shak. + +Re*pose", v. i. 1. To lie at rest; to rest. + + Within a thicket I reposed. + + +Chapman. + +2. Figuratively, to remain or abide restfully without anxiety or +alarms. + + It is upon these that the soul may repose. + + +I. Taylor. + +3. To lie; to be supported; as, trap reposing on sand. + +Syn. -- To lie; recline; couch; rest; sleep; settle; lodge; abide. + +Re*pose", n. [F. repos. See Repose, v.] 1. A lying at rest; sleep; +rest; quiet. + + Shake off the golden slumber of repose. + + +Shak. + +2. Rest of mind; tranquillity; freedom from uneasiness; also, a +composed manner or deportment. + +3. (Poetic) A rest; a pause. + +4. (Fine Arts) That harmony or moderation which affords rest for the +eye; -- opposed to the scattering and division of a subject into too +many unconnected parts, and also to anything which is overstrained; as, +a painting may want repose. + +Angle of repose (Physics), the inclination of a plane at which a body +placed on the plane would remain at rest, or if in motion would roll or +slide down with uniform velocity; the angle at which the various kinds +of earth will stand when abandoned to themselves. + +Syn. -- Rest; recumbency; reclination; ease; quiet; quietness; +tranquillity; peace. + +Re*posed" (r*pzd"), a. Composed; calm; tranquil; at rest. Bacon. -- +Re*pos"ed*ly (r*pz"d*l), adv. -- Re*pos"ed*ness, n. + +Re*pose"ful (r*pz"fl), a. Full of repose; quiet. + +Re*pos"er (r*pz"r), n. One who reposes. + +Re*pos"it (r*pz"t), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reposited; p. pr. & vb. n. +Repositing.] [L. repositus, p. p. of reponere to put back; pref. re- +re- + ponere to put. See Position.] To cause to rest or stay; to lay +away; to lodge, as for safety or preservation; to place; to store. + + Others reposit their young in holes. + + +Derham. + +Re`po*si"tion (r`p*zsh"n), n. [L. repositio.] The act of repositing; a +laying up. + +Re*pos"i*tor (r*pz"*tr), n. (Surg.) An instrument employed for +replacing a displaced organ or part. + +Re*pos"i*to*ry (r*pz"*t*r), n. [L. repositorium, repostorium: cf. OF. +repositoire.] A place where things are or may be reposited, or laid up, +for safety or preservation; a depository. Locke. + +Re`pos*sess" (r?"p?z*z?s" or -p?s*s?s"), v. t. To possess again; as, to +repossess the land. Pope. + +To repossess one's self of (something), to acquire again (something +lost). + +Re`pos*ses"sion (r?`p?z-z?sh"?n or -p?s s?sh"?n), n. The act or the +state of possessing again. + +Re*po"sure (r?-p?"sh?r; 135), n. Rest; quiet. + + In the reposure of most soft content. + + +Marston. + +Re*pour" (r?-p?r"), v. t. To pour again. + +||Re*pous`sé" (re -p??`s?"), a. [F., p. p. of repousser to thrust back; +||pref re- + pousser to push. See Push.] (a) Formed in relief, as a +||pattern on metal. (b) Ornamented with patterns in relief made by +||pressing or hammering on the reverse side; -- said of thin metal, or +||of a vessel made of thin metal. -- n. Repoussé work. + +Repoussé work, ornamentation of metal in relief by pressing or +hammering on the reverse side. + +Re*prefe" (r?-pr?f"), n. Reproof. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Rep`re*hend" (r?p`r?-h?nd"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reprehended; p. pr. & +vb. n. Reprehending.] [L. reprehendere, reprehensum, to hold back, +seize, check, blame; pref. re- re- + prehendere to lay hold of. See +Prehensile, and cf. Reprisal. ] To reprove or reprimand with a view of +restraining, checking, or preventing; to make charge of fault against; +to disapprove of; to chide; to blame; to censure. Chaucer. + + Aristippus being reprehended of luxury by one that was not rich, + for that he gave six crowns for a small fish. + + +Bacon. + + Pardon me for reprehending thee. + + +Shak. + + In which satire human vices, ignorance, and errors . . . are + severely reprehended. + + +Dryden. + + I nor advise nor reprehend the choice. + + +J. Philips. + +Rep`re*hend"er (-?r), n. One who reprehends. + +Rep`re*hen"si*ble (-h?n"s?-b'l), a. [L. reprehensibilis: cf. F. +répréhensible.] Worthy of reprehension; culpable; censurable; blamable. +-- Rep`re*hen"si*ble*ness, n. -- Rep`re*hen"si*bly, adv. + +Rep`re*hen"sion (-sh?n), n. [L. reprehensio: cf. F. répréhension.] +Reproof; censure; blame; disapproval. + + This Basilius took as though his mistress had given him a secret + reprehension that he had not showed more gratefulness to Dorus. + + +Sir P. Sidney. + +Syn. -- Censure; reproof; reprimand. See Admonition. + +Rep`re*hen"sive (-h?n"s?v), a. [Cf. F. répréhensif.] Containing +reprehension; conveying reproof. South. + +-- Rep`re*hen"sive*ly, adv. + +Rep`re*hen"so*ry (-s?-r?), a. Containing reproof; reprehensive; as, +reprehensory complaint. Johnson. + +Re`-pre*sent" (r?`pr?-z?nt"), v. t. To present again; as, to re-present +the points of an argument. + +Rep`re*sent" (r?p`r?-z?nt"), v. t. [F. repr&?;senter, L. repraesentare, +repraesentatum; pref. re- re- + preesentare to place before, present. +See Present, v. t.] 1. To present again or anew; to present by means of +something standing in the place of; to exhibit the counterpart or image +of; to typify. + + Before him burn Seven lamps, as in a zodiac representing The + heavenly fires. + + +Milton. + +2. To portray by pictoral or plastic art; to delineate; as, to +represent a landscape in a picture, a horse in bronze, and the like. + +3. To portray by mimicry or action of any kind; to act the part or +character of; to personate; as, to represent Hamlet. + +4. To stand in the place of; to supply the place, perform the duties, +exercise the rights, or receive the share, of; to speak and act with +authority in behalf of; to act the part of (another); as, an heir +represents his ancestor; an attorney represents his client in court; a +member of Congress represents his district in Congress. + +5. To exhibit to another mind in language; to show; to give one's own +impressions and judgement of; to bring before the mind; to set forth; +sometimes, to give an account of; to describe. + + He represented Rizzio's credit with the queen to be the chief and + only obstacle to his success in that demand. + + +Robertson. + + This bank is thought the greatest load on the Genoese, and the + managers of it have been represented as a second kind of senate. + + +Addison. + +6. To serve as a sign or symbol of; as, mathematical symbols represent +quantities or relations; words represent ideas or things. + +7. To bring a sensation of into the mind or sensorium; to cause to be +known, felt, or apprehended; to present. + + Among these. Fancy next Her office holds; of all external things + Which he five watchful senses represent, She forms imaginations, + aery shapes. + + +Milton. + +8. (Metaph.) To form or image again in consciousness, as an object of +cognition or apprehension (something which was originally apprehended +by direct presentation). See Presentative, 3. + + The general capability of knowledge necessarily requires that, + besides the power of evoking out of unconsciousness one portion of + our retained knowledge in preference to another, we posses the + faculty of representing in consciousness what is thus evoked . . . + This representative Faculty is Imagination or Phantasy. + + +Sir. W. Hamilton. + +Rep`re*sent"a*ble (-?-b'l), a. Capable of being represented. + +Rep`re*sent"ance (-ans), n. Representation; likeness. [Obs.] Donne. + +Rep`re*sent"ant (-ant), a. [Cf. F. repr&?;sentant.] Appearing or acting +for another; representing. + +Rep`re*sent"ant, n. [F. representant.] A representative. [Obs.] Sir H. +Wotton. + +Rep`re*sen*ta"tion (-z?n-t?"sh?n), n. [F. repr&?;sentation, L. +representatio.] 1. The act of representing, in any sense of the verb. + +2. That which represents. Specifically: (a) A likeness, a picture, or a +model; as, a representation of the human face, or figure, and the like. +(b) A dramatic performance; as, a theatrical representation; a +representation of Hamlet. (c) A description or statement; as, the +representation of an historian, of a witness, or an advocate. (d) The +body of those who act as representatives of a community or society; as, +the representation of a State in Congress. (e) (Insurance Law) Any +collateral statement of fact, made orally or in writing, by which an +estimate of the risk is affected, or either party is influenced. + +3. The state of being represented. + +Syn. -- Description; show; delineaton; portraiture; likeness; +resemblance; exhibition; sight. + +Re-pres`en*ta"tion (r?-prez`?n-t?"sh?n), n. [See Re-present.] The act +of re- presenting, or the state of being presented again; a new +presentation; as, re-presentation of facts previously stated. + +Rep`re*sen*ta"tion*a*ry (r?p`r?--z?n-t?"sh?n-?-r?), a. Implying +representation; representative. [R.] + +Rep`re*sent"a*tive (-z?nt`?-t?v), a. [Cf. F. repr&?;sentatif.] 1. +Fitted to represent; exhibiting a similitude. + +2. Bearing the character or power of another; acting for another or +others; as, a council representative of the people. Swift. + +3. Conducted by persons chosen to represent, or act as deputies for, +the people; as, a representative government. + +4. (Nat.Hist.) (a) Serving or fitted to present the full characters of +the type of a group; typical; as, a representative genus in a family. +(b) Similar in general appearance, structure, and habits, but living in +different regions; -- said of certain species and varieties. + +5. (Metaph.) Giving, or existing as, a transcript of what was +originally presentative knowledge; as, representative faculties; +representative knowledge. See Presentative, 3 and Represent, 8. + +Rep`re*sent"a*tive, n. [Cf. LL. repraesentativus.] + +1. One who, or that which, represents (anything); that which exhibits a +likeness or similitude. + + A statute of Rumor, whispering an idiot in the ear, who was the + representative of Credulity. + + +Addison. + + Difficulty must cumber this doctrine which supposes that the + perfections of God are the representatives to us of whatever we + perceive in the creatures. + + +Locke. + +2. An agent, deputy, or substitute, who supplies the place of another, +or others, being invested with his or their authority. + +3. (Law) One who represents, or stands in the place of, another. + +The executor or administrator is ordinarily held to be the +representative of a deceased person, and is sometimes called the legal +representative, or the personal representative. The heir is sometimes +called the real representative of his deceased ancestor. The heirs and +executors or administrators of a deceased person are sometimes +compendiously described as his real and personal representatives. +Wharton. Burrill. + +4. A member of the lower or popular house in a State legislature, or in +the national Congress. [U.S.] + +5. (Nat.Hist.) (a) That which presents the full character of the type +of a group. (b) A species or variety which, in any region, takes the +place of a similar one in another region. + +Rep`re*sent"a*tive*ly, adv. In a representative manner; vicariously. + +Rep`re*sent"a*tive*ness, n. The quality or state of being +representative. + + Dr. Burnet observes, that every thought is attended with + consciousness and representativeness. + + +Spectator. + +Rep`re*sent"er (-?r), n. 1. One who shows, exhibits, or describes. Sir +T. Browne. + +2. A representative. [Obs.] Swift. + +Rep`re*sent"ment (-ment), n. Representation. [Obs.] + +Re*press" (r?-pr?s"), v. t. [Pref. re- + press.] To press again. + +Re*press" (r?-pr?s"), v. t. [Pref. re- + press: cf. L. reprimere, +repressum. Cf. Reprimand.] 1. To press back or down effectually; to +crush down or out; to quell; to subdue; to supress; as, to repress +sedition or rebellion; to repress the first risings of discontent. + +2. Hence, to check; to restrain; to keep back. + + Desire of wine and all delicious drinks, . . . Thou couldst + repress. + + +Milton. + +Syn. -- To crush; overpower; subdue; suppress; restrain; quell; curb; +check. + +Re*press", n. The act of repressing. [Obs.] + +Re*press"er (-?r), n. One who, or that which, represses. + +Re*press"i*ble (-?-b'l), a. Capable of being repressed. + +Re*pres"sion (r?-pr?sh"?n), n. [Cf. F. répression.] + +1. The act of repressing, or state of being repressed; as, the +repression of evil and evil doers. + +2. That which represses; check; restraint. + +Re*press"ive (r?-pr?s"?v), a. [Cf. F. répressif. LL. repressivus.] +Having power, or tending, to repress; as, repressive acts or measures. +-- Re*press"ive*ly, adv. + +Re*prev"a*ble (r?-pr?v"?-b'l), a. Reprovable. [Obs.] + +Re*preve" (r?-pr?v"), v. t. [See Reprieve, v. t.] To reprove. [Obs.] +"Repreve him of his vice." Chaucer. + +Re*preve", n. Reproof. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Re*priefe" (r?-pr?f"), n. Repreve. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Re*priev"al (r?-pr?v"al), n. Reprieve. Overbury. + +Re*prieve (r?-pr?v"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reprieved (-pr?vd"); p. pr. & +vb. n. Reprieving.] [OE. repreven to reject, disallow, OF. reprover to +blame, reproach, condemn (pres. il reprueve), F. réprouver to +disapprove, fr. L. reprobare to reject, condemn; pref. re- re- + +probare to try, prove. See Prove, and cf. Reprove, Reprobate.] + +1. To delay the punishment of; to suspend the execution of sentence on; +to give a respite to; to respite; as, to reprieve a criminal for thirty +days. + + He reprieves the sinnner from time to time. + + +Rogers. + +2. To relieve for a time, or temporarily. + + Company, thought it may reprieve a man from his melaneholy yet can + not secure him from his conscience. + + +South. + +<! p. 1222 !> + +Re*prieve" (r?-pr?v"), n. 1. A temporary suspension of the execution of +a sentence, especially of a sentence of death. + + The morning Sir John Hotham was to die, a reprieve was sent to + suspend the execution for three days. + + +Clarendon. + +2. Interval of ease or relief; respite. + + All that I ask is but a short reprieve, ll I forget to love, and + learn to grieve. + + +Denham. + +Rep"ri*mand (r?p"r?-m?nd), n. [F. réprimande, fr. L. reprimendus, +reprimenda, that is to be checked or suppressed, fr. reprimere to +check, repress; pref. re- re + premere to press. See Press, and cf. +Repress.] Severe or formal reproof; reprehension, private or public. + + Goldsmith gave his landlady a sharp reprimand for her treatment of + him. + + +Macaulay. + +Rep"ri*mand, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reprimanded; p. pr. & vb. n. +Reprimanding.] [Cf. F. réprimander. See Reprimand, n.] 1. To reprove +severely; to reprehend; to chide for a fault; to consure formally. + + Germanicus was severely reprimanded by Tiberius for traveling into + Egypt without his permission. + + +Arbuthnot. + +2. To reprove publicly and officially, in execution of a sentence; as, +the court ordered him to be reprimanded. + +Syn. -- To reprove; reprehend; chide; rebuke; censure; blame. See +Reprove. + +Rep"ri*mand`er (-m?nd`?r), n. One who reprimands. + +Re*prim"er (r?-pr?m"?r), n. (Firearms) A machine or implement for +applying fresh primers to spent cartridge shells, so that the shells be +used again. + +Re*print" (r?-pr?nt"), v. t. 1. To print again; to print a second or a +new edition of. + +2. To renew the impression of. + + The whole business of our redemption is . . . to reprint God's + image upon the soul. + + +South. + +Re"print` (r?"pr?nt`), n. A second or a new impression or edition of +any printed work; specifically, the publication in one country of a +work previously published in another. + +Re*print"er (r?-pr?nt"?r), n. One who reprints. + +Re*pris"al (r?-priz"al), n. [F. repr&?;saille, It. ripresaglia, +rappresaglia, LL. reprensaliae, fr. L. reprehendere, reprehensum. See +Reprehend, Reprise.] 1. The act of taking from an enemy by way of +reteliation or indemnity. + + Debatable ground, on which incursions and reprisals continued to + take place. + + +Macaulay. + +2. Anything taken from an enemy in retaliation. + +3. The act of retorting on an enemy by inflicting suffering or death on +a prisoner taken from him, in retaliation for an act of inhumanity. +Vattel (Trans.) + +4. Any act of retaliation. Waterland. + +Letters of marque and reprisal. See under Marque. + +Re*prise" (r?-pr?z"), n. [F. reprise, fr. reprendre, repris, to take +back, L. reprehendere. See Reprehend.] + +1. A taking by way of retaliation. [Obs.] Dryden. + +2. pl. (Law) Deductions and duties paid yearly out of a manor and +lands, as rent charge, rent seck, pensions, annuities, and the like. +[Written also reprizes.] Burrill. + +3. A ship recaptured from an enemy or from a pirate. + +Re*prise", v. t. [Written also reprize.] 1. To take again; to retake. +[Obs.] Spenser. + +2. To recompense; to pay. [Obs.] + +Re*pris"tin*ate (r?-pr?s"t?n-?t), v. t. [Pref. re- + pristine.] To +restore to an original state. [R.] Shedd. + +Re*pris`ti*na"tion (-t?-n?"sh?n), n. Restoration to an original state; +renewal of purity. [R.] R. Browning. + +Re*prive" (r?-pr?v"), v. t. [Pref. re- + L. privare to deprive.] To +take back or away. [Obs.] Spenser. + +Re*prive", v. t. To reprieve. [Obs.] Howell. + +Re*prize" (-pr?z"), v. t. See Reprise. [Obs.] Spenser. + +Re*priz"es (-pr?z"?z), n. pl. (Law) See Reprise, n., 2. + +Re*proach" (r?-pr?ch"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reproached (-pr?cht"); p. +pr. & vb. n. Reproaching.] [F. reprocher, OF. reprochier, (assumed) LL. +reproriare; L. pref. re- again, against, back + prope near; hence, +originally, to bring near to, throw in one's teeth. Cf. Approach.] 1. +To come back to, or come home to, as a matter of blame; to bring shame +or disgrace upon; to disgrace. [Obs.] + + I thought your marriage fit; else imputation, For that he knew you, + might reproach your life. + + +Shak. + +2. To attribute blame to; to allege something disgraceful against; to +charge with a fault; to censure severely or contemptuously; to upbraid. + + If ye be reproached for the name of Christ. + + +1 Peter iv. 14. + + That this newcomer, Shame, There sit not, and reproach us as + unclean. + + +Milton. + + Mezentius . . . with his ardor warmed His fainting friends, + reproached their shameful flight. Repelled the victors. + + +Dryden. + +Syn. -- To upbraid; censure; blame; chide; rebuke; condemn; revile; +vilify. + +Re*proach", n. [F. reproche. See Reproach, v.] + +1. The act of reproaching; censure mingled with contempt; contumelious +or opprobrious language toward any person; abusive reflections; as, +severe reproach. + + No reproaches even, even when pointed and barbed with the sharpest + wit, appeared to give him pain. + + +Macaulay. + + Give not thine heritage to reproach. + + +Joel ii. 17. + +2. A cause of blame or censure; shame; disgrace. + +3. An object of blame, censure, scorn, or derision. + + Come, and let us build up the wall of Jerusalem, that we be no more + a reproach. + + +Neh. ii. 17. + +Syn. -- Disrepute; discredit; dishonor; opprobrium; invective; +contumely; reviling; abuse; vilification; scurrility; insolence; +insult; scorn; contempt; ignominy; shame; scandal;; disgrace; infamy. + +Re*proach"a*blr (-?-b'l), a. [Cf. F. reprochable.] + +1. Deserving reproach; censurable. + +2. Opprobrius; scurrilous. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot. + +-- Re*proach"a*ble*ness, n. -- Re*proach"a*bly, adv. + +Re*proach"er (-?r), n. One who reproaches. + +Re*proach"ful (-f?l), a. 1. Expressing or containing reproach; +upbraiding; opprobrious; abusive. + + The reproachful speeches . . . That he hath breathed in my dishonor + here. + + +Shak. + +2. Occasioning or deserving reproach; shameful; base; as, a reproachful +life. + +Syn. -- Opprobrious; contumelious; abusive; offensive; insulting; +contemptuous; scornful; insolent; scurrilous; disreputable; +discreditable; dishonorable; shameful; disgraceful; scandalous; base; +vile; infamous. + +-- Re*proach"ful*ly (r&?;-pr&?;ch"f&?;l-l&?;), adv. -- +Re*proach"ful*ness, n. + +Re*proach"less, a. Being without reproach. + +Rep"ro*ba*cy (r?p"r?-b?-c?), n. Reprobation. [R.] + +Rep"ro*bance (-bans), n. Reprobation. [Obs.] Shak. + +Rep"ro*bate (-b?t), a. [L. reprobatus, p. p. of reprobare to +disapprove, condemn. See Reprieve, Reprove.] + +1. Not enduring proof or trial; not of standard purity or fineness; +disallowed; rejected. [Obs.] + + Reprobate silver shall men call them, because the Lord hath + rejected them. + + +Jer. vi. 30. + +2. Abandoned to punishment; hence, morally abandoned and lost; given up +to vice; depraved. + + And strength, and art, are easily outdone By spirits reprobate. + + +Milton. + +3. Of or pertaining to one who is given up to wickedness; as, reprobate +conduct. "Reprobate desire." Shak. + +Syn. -- Abandoned; vitiated; depraved; corrupt; wicked; profligate; +base; vile. See Abandoned. + +Rep"ro*bate, n. One morally abandoned and lost. + + I acknowledge myself for a reprobate, a villain, a traitor to the + king. + + +Sir W. Raleigh. + +Rep"ro*bate (-b?t), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reprobated (-b?`t?d); p. pr. & +vb. n. Reprobating.] 1. To disapprove with detestation or marks of +extreme dislike; to condemn as unworthy; to disallow; to reject. + + Such an answer as this is reprobated and disallowed of in law; I do + not believe it, unless the deed appears. + + +Ayliffe. + + Every scheme, every person, recommended by one of them, was + reprobated by the other. + + +Macaulay. + +2. To abandon to punishment without hope of pardon. + +Syn. -- To condemn; reprehend; censure; disown; abandon; reject. + +Rep"ro*bate*ness, n. The state of being reprobate. + +Rep"ro*ba`ter (-b?`t?r), n. One who reprobates. + +Rep`ro*ba"tion (-b?`sh?n), n. [F. réprobation, or L. reprobatio.] 1. +The act of reprobating; the state of being reprobated; strong +disapproval or censure. + + The profligate pretenses upon which he was perpetually soliciting + an increase of his disgraceful stipend are mentioned with becoming + reprobation. + + +Jeffrey. + + Set a brand of reprobation on clipped poetry and false coin. + + +Dryden. + +2. (Theol.) The predestination of a certain number of the human race as +reprobates, or objects of condemnation and punishment. + +Rep`ro*ba"tion*er (-?r), n. (Theol.) One who believes in reprobation. +See Reprobation, 2. South. + +Rep"ro*ba*tive (-b?-t?v), a. Of or pertaining to reprobation; +expressing reprobation. + +Rep"ro*ba`to*ry (-b?`t?-r?), a. Reprobative. + +Re`pro*duce" (r?`pr?-d?s"), v. t. To produce again. Especially: (a) To +bring forward again; as, to reproduce a witness; to reproduce charges; +to reproduce a play. (b) To cause to exist again. + + Those colors are unchangeable, and whenever all those rays with + those their colors are mixed again they reproduce the same white + light as before. + + +Sir I. Newton. + +(c) To produce again, by generation or the like; to cause the existence +of (something of the same class, kind, or nature as another thing); to +generate or beget, as offspring; as, to reproduce a rose; some animals +are reproduced by gemmation. (d) To make an image or other +representation of; to portray; to cause to exist in the memory or +imagination; to make a copy of; as, to reproduce a person's features in +marble, or on canvas; to reproduce a design. + +Re`pro*du"cer (-d?"s?r), n. One who, or that which, reproduces. Burke. + +Re`pro*duc"tion (-d?k"sh?n), n. [Cf. F. reproduction.] 1. The act or +process of reproducing; the state of being reproduced; specifically +(Biol.), the process by which plants and animals give rise to +offspring. + +There are two distinct methods of reproduction; viz.: asexual +reproduction (agamogenesis) and sexual reproduction (gamogenesis). In +both cases the new individual is developed from detached portions of +the parent organism. In asexual reproduction (gemmation, fission, +etc.), the detached portions of the organism develop into new +individuals without the intervention of other living matter. In sexual +reproduction, the detached portion, which is always a single cell, +called the female germ cell, is acted upon by another portion of living +matter, the male germ cell, usually from another organism, and in the +fusion of the two (impregnation) a new cell is formed, from the +development of which arises a new individual. + +2. That which is reproduced. + +Re`pro*duc"tive (-t?v), a. [Cf. F. reproductif.] Tending, or +pertaining, to reproduction; employed in reproduction. Lyell. + +Re`pro*duc"to*ry (-t?-r?), a. Reproductive. + +Re*proof" (r?-pr??f"), n. [OE. reproef. See Proof, Reprove.] 1. +Refutation; confutation; contradiction. [Obs.] + +2. An expression of blame or censure; especially, blame expressed to +the face; censure for a fault; chiding; reproach. + + Those best can bear reproof who merit praise. + + +Pope. + +Syn. -- Admonition; reprehension; chiding; reprimand; rebuke; censure; +blame. See Admonition. + +Re*prov"a*ble (r?-pr??v"?-b'l), a. [Cf. F. réprouvable.] Worthy of +reproof or censure. Jer. Taylor. + +Syn. -- Blamable; blameworthy; censurable; reprehensible; culpable; +rebukable. + +--Re*prov"a*ble*ness, n. -- Re*prov"a*bly, adv. + +Re prov"al (-al), n. Reproof. Sir P. Sidney. + +Re*prove" (r?-pr??v"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reproved (-pr??vd"); p. pr. +& vb. n. Reproving.] [F. réprouver, OF. reprover, fr. L. reprobare. See +Reprieve, Reprobate, and cf. Reproof.] 1. To convince. [Obs.] + + When he is come, he will reprove the world of sin, and of + righteousness, and of judgment. + + +John xvi. 9. + +2. To disprove; to refute. [Obs.] + + Reprove my allegation, if you can. + + +Shak. + +3. To chide to the face as blameworthy; to accuse as guilty; to +censure. + + What if thy son + + + Prove disobedient, and, reproved, retort, "Wherefore didst thou + beget me?" + + +Milton. + +4. To express disapprobation of; as, to reprove faults. + + He neither reproved the ordinance of John, neither plainly + condemned the fastings of the other men. + + +Udall. + +Syn. -- To reprehend; chide; rebuke; scold; blame censure. -- Reprove, +Rebuke, Reprimand. These words all signufy the expression of +disapprobation. To reprove implies greater calmness and +self-possession. To rebuke implies a more excited and personal feeling. +A reproof may be administered long after the offience is committed, and +is usually intended for the reformation of the offender; a rebuke is +commonly given at the moment of the wrong, and is administered by way +of punishment and condemnation. A reprimand proceeds from a person +invested with authority, and is a formal and offiscial act. A child is +reproved for his faults, and rebuked for his impudence. A military +officer is reprimanded for neglect or violation of duty. + +Re*prov"er (r?-pr??v"?r), n. One who, or that which, reproves. + +Re*prov"ing*ly, adv. In a reproving manner. + +Re*prune" (r*prn"), v. t. To prune again or anew. + + Yet soon reprunes her wing to soar anew. + + +Young. + +Rep"-sil`ver (r?p"s?l`v?r), n. [See Reap.] Money anciently paid by +servile tenants to their lord, in lieu of the customary service of +reaping his corn or grain. + +Rep"tant (r?p"tant), a. [L. reptans, -antis, p. pr. of reptare, v. +intens. from repere to creep. See Reptile.] + +1. (Bot.) Same as Repent. + +2. (Zoöl.) Creeping; crawling; -- said of reptiles, worms, etc. + +||Rep*tan"ti*a (r?p-t?n"sh?-?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) A division of +||gastropods; the Pectinibranchiata. + +Rep*ta"tion (r?p-t?"sh?n), n. [L. reptatio, from reptare: cf. F. +reptation.] (Zoöl.) The act of creeping. + +Rep"ta*to*ry (r?p"t?-t?-r?), a. (Zoöl.) Creeping. + +Rep"tile (r?p"t?l;277), a. [F. reptile, L. reptilis, fr. repere, +reptum, to creep; cf. Lith. reploti; perh. akin to L. serpere. Cf. +Serpent.] 1. Creeping; moving on the belly, or by means of small and +short legs. + +2. Hence: Groveling; low; vulgar; as, a reptile race or crew; reptile +vices. + + There is also a false, reptile prudence, the result not of caution, + but of fear. + + +Burke. + + And dislodge their reptile souls From the bodies and forms of men. + + +Coleridge. + +Rep"tile, n. 1. (Zoöl.) An animal that crawls, or moves on its belly, +as snakes,, or by means of small, short legs, as lizards, and the like. + + An inadvertent step may crush the snail That crawls at evening in + the public path; But he that has humanity, forewarned, Will tread + aside, and let the reptile live. + + +Cowper. + +2. (Zoöl.) One of the Reptilia, or one of the Amphibia. + +The amphibians were formerly classed with Reptilia, and are still +popularly called reptiles, though much more closely allied to the +fishes. + +3. A groveling or very mean person. + +||Rep*til"i*a (r?p-t?l"?-?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) A class of +||air-breathing oviparous vertebrates, usually covered with scales or +||bony plates. The heart generally has two auricles and one ventricle. +||The development of the young is the same as that of birds. + +It is nearly related in many respects to Aves, or birds. The principal +existing orders are Testidunata or Chelonia (turtles), Crocodilia, +Lacertilla (lizards), Ophidia (serpents), and Rhynchocephala; the chief +extinct orders are Dinosauria, Theremorpha, Mosasauria, Pterosauria, +Plesiosauria, Ichtyosauria. + +Rep*til"i*an (-an), a. Belonging to the reptiles. + +Reptilian age (Geol.), that part of geological time comprising the +Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous periods, and distinguished as that +era in which the class of reptiles attained its highest expansion; -- +called also the Secondary or Mezozoic age. + +Rep*til"i*an, n. (Zoöl.) One of the Reptilia; a reptile. + +Re*pub"lic (r?-p?b"l?k), n. [F. république, L. respublica commonwealth; +res a thing, an affair + publicus, publica, public. See Real, a., and +Public.] + +1. Common weal. [Obs.] B. Jonson. + +2. A state in which the sovereign power resides in the whole body of +the people, and is exercised by representatives elected by them; a +commonwealth. Cf. Democracy, 2. + +In some ancient states called republics the sovereign power was +exercised by an hereditary aristocracy or a privileged few, +constituting a government now distinctively called an aristocracy. In +some there was a division of authority between an aristocracy and the +whole body of the people except slaves. No existing republic recognizes +an exclusive privilege of any class to govern, or tolerates the +institution of slavery. + +Republic of letters, The collective body of literary or learned men. + +Re*pub"lic*an (-l?-kan), a. [F. républicain.] 1. Of or pertaining to a +republic. + + The Roman emperors were republican magistrates named by the senate. + + +Macaulay. + +2. Consonant with the principles of a republic; as, republican +sentiments or opinions; republican manners. + +Republican party. (U.S. Politics) (a) An earlier name of the Democratic +party when it was opposed to the Federal party. Thomas Jefferson was +its great leader. (b) One of the existing great parties. It was +organized in 1856 by a combination of voters from other parties for the +purpose of opposing the extension of slavery, and in 1860 it elected +Abraham Lincoln president. + +<! p. 1223 !> + +Re*pub"lic*an (r?-p?b"l?-kan), n. 1. One who favors or prefers a +republican form of government. + +2. (U.S.Politics) A member of the Republican party. + +3. (Zoöl.) (a) The American cliff swallow. The cliff swallows build +their nests side by side, many together. (b) A South African weaver +bird (Philetærus socius). These weaver birds build many nests together, +under a large rooflike shelter, which they make of straw. + +Red republican. See under Red. + +Re*pub"lic*an*ism (-?z'm), n. [Cf. F. républicanisme.] 1. A republican +form or system of government; the principles or theory of republican +government. + +2. Attachment to, or political sympathy for, a republican form of +government. Burke. + +3. The principles and policy of the Republican party, so called [U.S.] + +Re*pub"lic*an*ize (-?z), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Republicanized (-?zd); p. +pr. & vb. n. Republicanizing (-?`z?ng).] [Cf. F. républicaniser.] To +change, as a state, into a republic; to republican principles; as, +France was republicanized; to republicanize the rising generation. D. +Ramsay. + +Re*pub"li*cate (r?*p?b"l?*k?t), v. t. [Cf. LL. republicare.] To make +public again; to republish. [Obs.] + +Re*pub`li*ca"tion (r?-p?b`l?-k?"sh?n), n. A second publication, or a +new publication of something before published, as of a former will, of +a volume already published, or the like; specifically, the publication +in one country of a work first issued in another; a reprint. + + If there be many testaments, the last overthrows all the former; + but the republication of a former will revokes one of a later date, + and establishes the first. + + +Blackstone. + +Re*pub"lish (r?-p?b"l?sh), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Republished (-l?sht); p. +pr. & vb. n. Republishing.] To publish anew; specifically, to publish +in one country (a work first published in another); also, to revive (a +will) by re&?;xecution or codicil. + + Subsecquent to the purchase or contract, the devisor republished + his will. + + +Blackstone. + +Re*pub"lish*er (-?r), n. One who republishes. + +Re*pu"di*a*ble (r?-p?"d?-?-b'l), a. [See Repudilate.] Admitting of +repudiation; fit or proper to be put away. + +Re*pu"di*ate (-?t), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Repudiated (-?`t?d); p. pr. & +vb. n. Repudiating.] [L. repudiatus, p. p. of repudiare to repudiate, +reject, fr. repudium separation, divorce; pref. re- re- + pudere to be +ashamed.] + +1. To cast off; to disavow; to have nothing to do with; to renounce; to +reject. + + Servitude is to be repudiated with greater care. + + +Prynne. + +2. To divorce, put away, or discard, as a wife, or a woman one has +promised to marry. + + His separation from Terentis, whom he repudiated not long + afterward. + + +Bolingbroke. + +3. To refuse to acknowledge or to pay; to disclaim; as, the State has +repudiated its debts. + +Re*pu`di*a"tion (-"sh?n), n. [Cf.F. répudiation, L. repudiatio.] The +act of repudiating, or the state of being repuddiated; as, the +repudiation of a doctrine, a wife, a debt, etc. + +Re*pu`di*a"tion, n. One who favors repudiation, especially of a public +debt. + +Re*pu"di*a`tor (r?-p?"d?-?`t?r), n. [L., a rejecter, contemner.] One +who repudiates. + +Re*pugn" (r?-p?n"), v. t. [F. répugner, L. repugnare, repugnatum; pref. +re- + pugnare to fight. See Pugnacious.] To fight against; to oppose; +to resist. [R.] + + Stubbornly he did repugn the truth. + + +Shak. + +Re*pug"na*ble (r?-p?g"n?-b'l), a. Capable of being repugned or +resisted. [R.] Sir T. North. + +{ Re*pug"nance (-nans), Re*pug"nan*cy (- nan-s?), } n. [F. répugnance, +L. repugnantia.] The state or condition of being repugnant; opposition; +contrariety; especially, a strong instinctive antagonism; aversion; +reluctance; unwillingness, as of mind, passions, principles, qualities, +and the like. + + That which causes us to lose most of our time is the repugnance + which we naturally have to labor. + + +Dryden. + + Let the foes quietly cut their throats, Without repugnancy. + + +Shak. + +Syn. -- Aversion; reluctance; unwillingness; dislike; antipathy; +hatred; hostility; irreconcilableness; contrariety; inconsistency. See +Dislike. + +Re*pug"nant (-nant), a. [F. répugnant, or L. repugnans, -antis, p. pr. +of repugnare. See Repugn.] Disposed to fight against; hostile; at war +with; being at variance; contrary; inconsistent; refractory; +disobedient; also, distasteful in a high degree; offensive; -- usually +followed by to, rarely and less properly by with; as, all rudeness was +repugnant to her nature. + + [His sword] repugnant to command. + + +Shak. + + There is no breach of a divine law but is more or less repugnant + unto the will of the Lawgiver, God himself. + + +Perkins. + +Syn. -- Opposite; opposed; adverse; contrary; inconsistent; +irreconcilable; hostile; inimical. + +Re*pug"nant*ly, adv. In a repugnant manner. + +Re*pug"nate (-n?t), v. t. [From L. repugnare. See Repugn.] To oppose; +to fight against. [Obs.] + +Re*pugn"er (r?-p?n"?r), n. One who repugns. + +Re*pul"lu*late (r?-p?l"l?-l?t), v. i. [L. repullulare, repullulatum. +See Pullulate.] To bud again. + + Though tares repullulate, there is wheat still left in the field. + + +Howell. + +Re*pul`lu*la"tion (r?-p?l`l?-l?"sh?n), n. The act of budding again; the +state of having budded again. + +Re*pulse" (r?-p?ls"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Repulsed (-p?lst"); p. pr. & +vb. n. Repulsing.] [L. repulsus, p. p. of repellere. See Repel.] 1. To +repel; to beat or drive back; as, to repulse an assault; to repulse the +enemy. + + Complete to have discovered and repulsed Whatever wiles of foe or + seeming friend. + + +Milton. + +2. To repel by discourtesy, coldness, or denial; to reject; to send +away; as, to repulse a suitor or a proffer. + +Re*pulse", n. [L. repulsa, fr. repellere, repulsum.] + +1. The act of repelling or driving back; also, the state of being +repelled or driven back. + + By fate repelled, and with repulses tired. + + +Denham. + + He received in the repulse of Tarquin seven hurts in the body. + + +Shak. + +2. Figuratively: Refusal; denial; rejection; failure. + +Re*pulse"less, a. Not capable of being repulsed. + +Re*puls"er (-?r), n. One who repulses, or drives back. + +Re*pul"sion (r?-p?l"sh?n), n. [L. repulsio: cf. F. répulsion.] 1. The +act of repulsing or repelling, or the state of being repulsed or +repelled. + +2. A feeling of violent offence or disgust; repugnance. + +3. (Physics) The power, either inherent or due to some physical action, +by which bodies, or the particles of bodies, are made to recede from +each other, or to resist each other's nearer approach; as, molecular +repulsion; electrical repulsion. + +Re*pul"sive (-s?v), a. [Cf. F. répulsif.] 1. Serving, or able, to +repulse; repellent; as, a repulsive force. + + Repulsive of his might the weapon stood. + + +Pope. + +2. Cold; forbidding; offensive; as, repulsive manners. + +-- Re*pul"sive*ly, adv. -- Re*pul"sive*ness, n. + +Re*pul"so*ry (-s?-r?), a. [L. repulsorius.] Repulsive; driving back. + +Re*pur"chase (r?*p?r"ch?s; 48), v. t. To buy back or again; to regain +by purchase. Sir M. Hale. + +Re*pur"chase, n. The act of repurchasing. + +Re*pu"ri*fy (r?-p?"r?-f?), v. t. To purify again. + +Rep"u*ta*ble (r?p"?-t?-b'l), a. [From Repute.] Having, or worthy of, +good repute; held in esteem; honorable; praiseworthy; as, a reputable +man or character; reputable conduct. + + In the article of danger, it is as reputable to elude an enemy as + defeat one. + + +Broome. + +Syn. -- Respectable; creditable; estimable. + +-- Rep"u ta*ble*ness, n. -- Rep"u*ta*bly, adv. + +Rep`u*ta"tion (-t?"sh?n), n. [F. réputation, L. reputatio a reckoning, +consideration. See Repute, v. t.] + +1. The estimation in which one is held; character in public opinion; +the character attributed to a person, thing, or action; repute. + + The best evidence of reputation is a man's whole life. + + +Ames. + +2. (Law) The character imputed to a person in the community in which he +lives. It is admissible in evidence when he puts his character in +issue, or when such reputation is otherwise part of the issue of a +case. + +3. Specifically: Good reputation; favorable regard; public esteem; +general credit; good name. + + I see my reputation is at stake. + + +Shak. + + The security of his reputation or good name. + + +Blackstone. + +4. Account; value. [Obs.] Chaucer. + + [/Christ] made himself of no reputation. + + +Phil. ii. 7. + +Syn. -- Credit; repute; regard; estimation; esteem; honor; fame. See +the Note under Character. + +Re*put"a*tive*ly (r?-p?t"?-t?v-l?), adv. By repute. + +Re*pute" (r?-p?t"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reputed; p. pr. & vb. n. +Reputing.] [F. réputer, L. reputare to count over, think over; pref. +re- re- + putare to count, think. See Putative.] To hold in thought; to +account; to estimate; to hold; to think; to reckon. + + Wherefore are we counted as beasts, and reputed vile in your sight? + + +Job xviii. 3. + + The king your father was reputed for A prince most prudent. + + +Shak. + +Re*pute", n. 1. Character reputed or attributed; reputation, whether +good or bad; established opinion; public estimate. + + He who regns Monarch in heaven, till then as one secure Sat on his + throne, upheld by old repute. + + +Milton. + +2. Specifically: Good character or reputation; credit or honor derived +from common or public opinion; -- opposed to disrepute. "Dead stocks, +which have been of repute." F. Beaumont. + +Re*put"ed*ly (r?-p?t"?d-l?), adv. In common opinion or estimation; by +repute. + +Re*pute"less, a. Not having good repute; disreputable; disgraceful; +inglorius. [R.] Shak. + +Re*quere" (r?--kw?r"), v. t. To require. [Obs.] + +Re*quest" (r*kwst"), n. [OE. requeste, OF. requeste, F. requête, LL. +requesta, for requisita, fr. L. requirere, requisitum, to seek again, +ask for. See Require, and cf. Quest.] 1. The act of asking for anything +desired; expression of desire or demand; solicitation; prayer; +petition; entreaty. + + I will marry her, sir, at your request. + + +Shak. + +2. That which is asked for or requested. "He gave them their request." +Ps. cvi. 15. + + I will both hear and grant you your requests. + + +Shak. + +3. A state of being desired or held in such estimation as to be sought +after or asked for; demand. + + Knowledge and fame were in as great request as wealth among us now. + + +Sir W. Temple. + +Court of Requests. (a) A local tribunal, sometimes called Court of +Consience, founded by act of Parliament to facilitate the recovery of +small debts from any inhabitant or trader in the district defined by +the act; -- now mostly abolished. (b) A court of equity for the relief +of such persons as addressed the sovereign by supplication; -- now +abolished. It was inferior to the Court of Chancery. [Eng.] Brande & C. + +Syn. -- Asking; solicitation; petition; prayer; supplication; entreaty; +suit. + +Re*quest" (r?-kw?st"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Requested; p. pr. & vb. n. +Requesting.] [Cf. OF. requester, F. requêter.] 1. To ask for +(something); to express desire ffor; to solicit; as, to request his +presence, or a favor. + +2. To address with a request; to ask. + + I request you To give my poor host freedom. + + +Shak. + +Syn. -- To ask; solicit; entreat; beseech. See Beg. + +Re*quest"er (-?r), n. One who requests; a petitioner. + +Re*quick"en (r?-kw?k"'n), v. t. To quicken anew; to reanimate; to give +new life to. Shak. + +Re"qui*em (r?"kw?-?m;277), n. [Acc. of L. requies rest, the first words +of the Mass being "Requiem aeternam dona eis, Domine," give eternal +rest to them, O lord; pref. re- re + quies quiet. See Quiet, n., and +cf. Requin.] 1. (R. C. Ch.) A mass said or sung for the repose of a +departed soul. + + We should profane the service of the dead To sing a requiem and + such rest to her As to peace-parted souls. + + +Shak. + +2. Any grand musical composition, performed in honor of a deceased +person. + +3. Rest; quiet; peace. [Obs.] + + Else had I an eternal requiem kept, And in the arms of peace + forever slept. + + +Sandys. + +Re*qui"e*to*ry (r?-kw?"?-t?-r?), n. [L. requietorium, fr. requiescere, +requietum, to rest. See Re-, and Quiesce.] A sepulcher. [Obs.] Weever. + +Re"quin (r?"kw?n), n. [F., fr. reqiem a Mass sung for the dead. See +Requiem.] (Zoöl.) The man-eater, or white shark (Carcharodon +carcharias); -- so called on account of its causing requiems to be +sung. + +Re*quir"a*ble (r?-kw?r"?-b'l), a. Capable of being required; proper to +be required. Sir M. Hale. + +Re*quire" (r?-kw?r"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Required (-kw?rd"); p. pr. & +vb. n. Requiring.] [OE. requeren, requiren, OF. requerre, F. +requ&?;rir; L. pref. re- re- + quaerere to ask; cf. L. requirere. See +Query, and cf. Request, Requisite.] 1. To demand; to insist upon +having; to claim as by right and authority; to exact; as, to require +the surrender of property. + + Shall I say to Cæsar What you require of him? + + +Shak. + + By nature did what was by law required. + + +Dryden. + +2. To demand or exact as indispensable; to need. + + Just gave what life required, and gave no more. + + +Goldsmith. + + The two last [biographies] require to be particularly noticed. + + +J. A. Symonds. + +3. To ask as a favor; to request. + + I was ashamed to require of the king a band of soldiers and + horsemen to help us against the enemy in the way. + + +Ezra viii. 22. + +Syn. -- To claim; exact; enjoin; prescribe; direct; order; demand; +need. + +Re*quire"ment (-ment), n. 1. The act of requiring; demand; requisition. + +2. That which is required; an imperative or authoritative command; an +essential condition; something needed or necessary; a need. + + One of those who believe that they can fill up every requirement + contained in the rule of righteousness. + + +J. M. Mason. + + God gave her the child, and gave her too an instinctive knowledge + of its nature and requirements. + + +Hawthorne. + +Re*quir"er (-kw?r"?r), n. One who requires. + +Req"ui*site (r?k"w?-z?t), n. That which is required, or is necessary; +something indispensable. + + God, on his part, has declared the requisites on ours; what we must + do to obtain blessings, is the great business of us all to know. + + +Wake. + +Req"ui*site, a. [L. requisitus, p. p. requirere; pref. re- re- + +quaerere to ask. See Require.] Required by the nature of things, or by +circumstances; so needful that it can not be dispensed with; necessary; +indispensable. + + All truth requisite for men to know. + + +Milton. + +Syn. -- Necessary; needful; indispensable; essential. + +-- Req"ui*site*ly, adv. -- Req"ui*site*ness, n. + +Req`ui*si"tion (r?k`w?-z?sh"?n), n.[Cf. F. réquisition, L. requisitio a +searching.] 1. The act of requiring, as of right; a demand or +application made as by authority. Specifically: (a) (International Law) +A formal demand made by one state or government upon another for the +surrender or extradition of a fugitive from justice. Kent. (b) (Law) A +notarial demand of a debt. Wharton. (c) (Mil.) A demand by the invader +upon the people of an invaded country for supplies, as of provision, +forage, transportation, etc. Farrow. (d) A formal application by one +officer to another for things needed in the public service; as, a +requisition for clothing, troops, or money. + +2. That which is required by authority; especially, a quota of supplies +or necessaries. + +3. A written or normal call; an invitation; a summons; as, a reqisition +for a public meeting. [Eng.] + +Req`ui*si"tion, v. t. 1. To make a reqisition on or for; as, to +requisition a district for forage; to requisition troops. + +2. To present a requisition to; to summon request; as, to requisition a +person to be a candidate. [Eng.] + +Req`ui*si"tion*ist, n. One who makes or signs a requisition. + +Re*quis"i*tive (r?-kw?z"?-t?v), a. Expressing or implying demand. [R.] +Harris. + +Re*quis"i*tive, n. One who, or that which, makes requisition; a +requisitionist. [R.] + +Re*quis"i*tor (-t?r), n. One who makes reqisition; esp., one authorized +by a requisition to investigate facts. + +Re*quis"i*to*ry (-t?-r?), a. Sought for; demanded. [R.] Summary on Du +Bartas (1621). + +Re*quit"a*ble (-kw?t"?-b'l), a. That may be requited. + +Re*quit"al (-al), n. [From Requite.] The act of requiting; also, that +which requites; return, good or bad, for anything done; in a good +sense, compensation; recompense; as, the requital of services; in a bad +sense, retaliation, or punishment; as, the requital of evil deeds. + + No merit their aversion can remove, Nor ill requital can efface + their love. + + +Waller. + +<! p. 1224 !> + +Syn. -- Compensation; recompense; remuneration; reward; satisfaction; +payment; retribution; retaliation; reprisal; punishment. + +Re"quite" (r?-kw?t"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Requited; p. pr. & vb. n. +Requiting.] [Pref. re- + quit.] To repay; in a good sense, to +recompense; to return (an equivalent) in good; to reward; in a bad +sense, to retaliate; to return (evil) for evil; to punish. + + He can requite thee; for he knows the charma That call fame on such + gentle acts as these. + + +Milton. + + Thou hast seen it; for thou beholdest mischief and spite, to + requite it with thy hand. + + +Ps. x. 14. + +Syn. -- To repay; reward; pay; compensate; remunerate; satisfy; +recompense; punish; revenge. + +Re*quite"ment (-ment), n. Requital [Obs.] E. Hall. + +Re*quit"er (-kw?t"?r), n. One who requites. + +Rere"brace` (r?r"br?s"), n. [F. arrière-bras.] (Anc. Armor) Armor for +the upper part of the arm. Fairholt. + +Rere`de*main" (-d?-m?n"), n. [F. arrière back + de of + main hand.] A +backward stroke. [Obs.] + +Rere"dos (r?r"d?s), n. [From rear + F. dos back, L. dorsum. Cf. +Dorsal.] (Arch.) (a) A screen or partition wall behind an altar. (b) +The back of a fireplace. (c) The open hearth, upon which fires were +lighted, immediately under the louver, in the center of ancient halls. +[Also spelt reredosse.] Fairholt. + +Rere"fief` (r?r"f?f`), n. [F. arrière-fief. See Rear hinder, and Fief.] +(Scots Law) A fief held of a superior feudatory; a fief held by an +under tenant. Blackstone. + +Re*reign" (r?-r?n"), v. i. To reign again. + +Re`-re*it"er*ate (r?`r?-?t"?r-?t), v. t. To reiterate many times. [R.] +"My re-reiterated wish." Tennyson. + +Rere"mouse` (r?r"mous`), n. (Zoöl.) A rearmouse. + +Re`-re*solve" (r?`r?-z?lv"), v. t. & i. To resolve again. + + Resolves, and re-resolves, then dies the same. + + +Young. + +Rere"ward` (r?r"w?rd`), n. [See Rearward.] The rear guard of an army. +[Obs.] + +||Res (r?z), n.; pl. Res. [L.] A thing; the particular thing; a matter; +||a point. + +||Res gestæ [L., things done] (Law), the facts which form the +||environment of a litigated issue. Wharton. -- ||Res judicata [L.] +||(Law), a thing adjudicated; a matter no longer open to controversy. + +Re*sail" (r?-s?l"), v. t. & i. To sail again; also, to sail back, as to +a former port. + +Re*sale" (r?-s?l" or r?"s?l), n. A sale at second hand, or at retail; +also, a second sale. Bacon. + +Re*sal"gar (r?-s?l"g?r), n. Realgar. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Re`sa*lute" (r?`s?-l?t"), v. t. To salute again. + +Re*saw" (r&?;-s&?;"), v. t. To saw again; specifically, to saw a balk, +or a timber, which has already been squared, into dimension lumber, as +joists, boards, etc. + +Res"cat (r?s"k?t), v. t. [Sp. rescattar.] To ransom; to release; to +rescue. [Obs.] Howell. + +Res"cat, n. [Sp. rescate.] Ransom; release. [Obs.] + +Re*scind" (r?-s?nd"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rescinded; p. pr. & vb. n. +Rescinding.] [L. rescindere, rescissum; pref re- re- + scindere to cut, +split: cf. F. rescinder. See Shism.] 1. To cut off; to abrogate; to +annul. + + The blessed Jesus . . . did sacramentally rescind the impure relics + of Adam and the contraction of evil customs. + + +Jer. Taylor. + +2. Specifically, to vacate or make void, as an act, by the enacting +authority or by superior authority; to repeal; as, to rescind a law, a +resolution, or a vote; to rescind a decree or a judgment. + +Syn. -- To revoke; repeal; abrogate; annul; recall; reverse; vacate; +void. + +Re*scind"a*ble (-?-b'l), a. Capable of being rescinded. + +Re*scind"ment (-ment), n. The act of rescinding; rescission. + +Re*scis"sion (r?-s?zh"?n), n. [L. rescissio: cf. F. rescission. See +Rescind.] The act of rescinding, abrogating, annulling, or vacating; +as, the rescission of a law, decree, or judgment. + +Re*scis"so*ry (r?-s?z"?-r? or r?-s?s"-), a. [L. rescissorius: cf. F. +rescisoire.] Tending to rescind; rescinding. + + To pass a general act rescissory (as it was called), annulling all + the Parliaments that had been held since the year 1633. + + +Bp. Burnet. + +Res"cous (r?s"k?s), n. [OE., fr. OF. rescousse, fr. rescourre, p. p. +rescous, to rescue. See Rescue.] 1. Rescue; deliverance. [Obs.] +Chaucer. + +2. (Law) See Rescue, 2. [Obs.] + +Res"cowe (r?s"kou), v. t. To rescue. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Re*scribe" (r?-skr?b"), v. t. [L. rescribere; pref. re- re- + scribere +to write. See Scribe.] 1. To write back; to write in reply. Ayliffe. + +2. To write over again. Howell. + +Re"script (r?"skr?pt), n. [L. rescriptum: cf. F. rescrit, formerly also +spelt rescript. See Rescribe,v. t.] + +1. (Rom.Antiq.) The answer of an emperor when formallyconsulted by +particular persons on some difficult question; hence, an edict or +decree. + + In their rescripts and other ordinances, the Roman emperors spoke + in the plural number. + + +Hare. + +2. (R.C.Ch.) The official written answer of the pope upon a question of +canon law, or morals. + +3. A counterpart. Bouvier. + +Re*scrip"tion (r?-skr?p"sh?n), n. [L. rescriptio: cf. F. rescription. +See Rescribe.] A writing back; the answering of a letter. Loveday. + +Re*scrip"tive (-t?v), a. Pertaining to, or answering the purpose of, a +rescript; hence, deciding; settling; determining. + +Re*scrip"tive*ly, adv. By rescript. Burke. + +Res"cu*a*ble (r?s"k?-?-b'l), a. That may be rescued. + +Res"cue (r?s"k?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rescued (-k?d);p. pr. & vb. n. +Rescuing.] [OE. rescopuen, OF. rescourre, rescurre, rescorre; L. pref. +re- re- + excutere to shake or drive out; ex out + quatere to shake. +See Qtash to crush, Rercussion.] To free or deliver from any +confinement, violence, danger, or evil; to liberate from actual +restraint; to remove or withdraw from a state of exposure to evil; as, +to rescue a prisoner from the enemy; to rescue seamen from destruction. + + Had I been seized by a hungry lion, I would have been a breakfast + to the best, Rather than have false Proteus rescue me. + + +Shak. + +Syn. -- To retake; recapture; free; deliver; liberate; release; save. + +Res"cue (r?s"k?), n. [From Rescue, v.; cf. Rescous.] + +1. The act of rescuing; deliverance from restraint, violence, or +danger; liberation. + + Spur to the rescue of the noble Talbot. + + +Shak. + +2. (Law) (a) The forcible retaking, or taking away, against law, of +things lawfully distrained. (b) The forcible liberation of a person +from an arrest or imprisonment. (c) The retaking by a party captured of +a prize made by the enemy. Bouvier. + + The rescue of a prisoner from the court is punished with perpetual + imprisonment and forfeiture of goods. + + +Blackstone. + +Rescue grass. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Bot.) A tall grass (Ceratochloa +unioloides) somewhat resembling chess, cultivated for hay and forage in +the Southern States. + +Res"cue*less, a. Without rescue or release. + +Res"cu*er (-k?-?r), n. One who rescues. + +Res`cus*see" (r?s`k?s-s?"), n. (O.Eng. Law) The party in whose favor a +rescue is made. Crabb. + +Res*cus"sor (r?s-k?s"s?r), n. [LL.] (O.Eng.Law) One who makes an +unlawful rescue; a rescuer. Burril. + +Rese (r?z), v. i. To shake; to quake; to tremble. [Obs.] "It made all +the gates for to rese." Chaucer. + +Re-search" (r?-s?rch"), v. t. [Pref. re- + search.] To search again; to +examine anew. + +Re*search" (r?-s?rch"), n. [Pref. re- + search: cf OF. recerche, F. +recherche.] Diligent inquiry or examination in seeking facts or +principles; laborious or continued search after truth; as, researches +of human wisdom. + + The dearest interests of parties have frequently been staked on the + results of the researches of antiquaries. + + +Macaulay. + +Syn. -- Investigation; examination; inquiry; scrutiny. + +Re*search", v. t. [Pref. re- + search: cf. OF. recerchier, F. +rechercher.] To search or examine with continued care; to seek +diligently. + +Re*search"er (-?r), n. One who researches. + +Re*search"ful (-f?l), a. Making researches; inquisitive. [R.] +Coleridge. + +Re*seat" (r?-s?t"), v. t. 1. To seat or set again, as on a chair, +throne, etc. Dryden. + +2. To put a new seat, or new seats, in; as, to reseat a theater; to +reseat a chair or trousers. + +Re*sect" (r?-s?kt"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Resected;p. pr. & vb. n. +Resecting.] [L. resectus, p. p. of resecare to cut off; pref. re- re- + +secare to cut.] To cut or pare off; to remove by cutting. + +Re*sec"tion (r?-s?k"sh?n), n. [L. resectio: cf. F. résection.] 1. The +act of cutting or paring off. Cotgrave. + +2. (Surg.) The removal of the articular extremity of a bone, or of the +ends of the bones in a false articulation. + +Re*se"da (r?-s?"d?), n. [L. , a kind of plant.] 1. (Bot.) A genus of +plants, the type of which is mignonette. + +2. A grayish green color, like that of the flowers of mignonette. + +Re*seek" (r?-s?k"), v. t. To seek again. J. Barlow. + +Re*seize" (r?-s?z"), v. t. [Pref. re- + seize: cf. F. ressaisir.] 1. To +seize again, or a second time. + +2. To put in possession again; to reinstate. + + And then therein [in his kingdom] reseized was again. + + +Spenser. + +3. (Law) To take possession of, as lands and tenements which have been +disseized. + + The sheriff is commanded to reseize the land and all the chattels + thereon, and keep the same in his custody till the arrival of the + justices of assize. + + +Blackstone. + +Re*seiz"er (-s?z"?r), n. 1. One who seizes again. + +2. (Eng. Law) The taking of lands into the hands of the king where a +general livery, or oustre le main, was formerly mis-sued, contrary to +the form and order of law. + +Re*sei"zure (r&?;-s&?;"zh&?;r; 135), n. A second seizure; the act of +seizing again. Bacon. + +Re*sell" (r?-s?l"), v. t. To sell again; to sell what has been bought +or sold; to retail. + +Re*sem"bla*ble (r?-z?m"bl?-b'l), a. [See Resemble.] Admitting of being +compared; like. [Obs.] Gower. + +Re*sem"blance (-blans), n. [Cf. F. ressemblance. See Resemble.] 1. The +quality or state of resembling; likeness; similitude; similarity. + + One main end of poetry and painting is to please; they bear a great + resemblance to each other. + + +Dryden. + +2. That which resembles, or is similar; a representation; a likeness. + + These sensible things, which religion hath allowed, are + resemblances formed according to things spiritual. + + +Hooker. + +3. A comparison; a simile. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +4. Probability; verisimilitude. [Obs.] Shak. + +Syn. -- Likeness; similarity; similitude; semblance; representation; +image. + +Re*sem"blant (-blant), a. [F., a . and p. pr. fr. ressembler to +resemble. See Resemble.] Having or exhibiting resemblance; resembling. +[R.] Gower. + +Re*sem"ble (r?-z?m"b'l), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Resembled (-b'ld); p. pr. +& vb. n. Resembling (-bl?ng).] [F. ressembler; pref. re- re- + sembler +to seem, resemble, fr. L. similare, simulare, to imitate, fr. similis +like, similar. See Similar.] 1. To be like or similar to; to bear the +similitude of, either in appearance or qualities; as, these brothers +resemble each other. + + We will resemble you in that. + + +Shak. + +2. To liken; to compare; to represent as like. [Obs.] + + The other . . . He did resemble to his lady bright. + + +Spenser. + +3. To counterfeit; to imitate. [Obs.] "They can so well resemble man's +speech." Holland. + +4. To cause to imitate or be like. [R.] H. Bushnell. + +Re*sem"bler (r?-z?m"bl?r), n. One who resembles. + +Re*sem"bling*ly (-bl?ng-l?), adv. So as to resemble; with resemblance +or likeness. + +Re*sem"i*nate (-s?m"?-n?t), v. t. [L. pref. re- again + seminatus, p. +p. of seminare to sow.] To produce again by means of seed. [Obs.] Sir. +T. Browne. + +Re*send" (r?-s?nd"), v. t. 1. To send again; as, to resend a message. + +2. To send back; as, to resend a gift. [Obs.] Shak. + +3. (Telegraphy) To send on from an intermediate station by means of a +repeater. + +Re*sent" (r?-z?nt"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Resented; p. pr. & vb. n. +Resenting.] [F. ressentir; L. pref. re- re- + sentire to feel. See +Sense.] 1. To be sensible of; to feel; as: (a) In a good sense, to take +well; to receive with satisfaction. [Obs.] + + Which makes the tragical ends of noble persons more favorably + resented by compassionate readers. + + +Sir T. Browne. + +(b) In a bad sense, to take ill; to consider as an injury or affront; +to be indignant at. + +2. To express or exhibit displeasure or indignation at, as by words or +acts. + + The good prince King James . . . bore dishonorably what he might + have resented safely. + + +Bolingbroke. + +3. To recognize; to perceive, especially as if by smelling; -- +associated in meaning with sent, the older spelling of scent to smell. +See Resent, v. i. [Obs.] + + This bird of prey resented a worse than earthly savor in the soul + of Saul. + + +Fuller. + + Our King Henry the Seventh quickly resented his drift. + + +Fuller. + +Re*sent", v. i. 1. To feel resentment. Swift. + +2. To give forth an odor; to smell; to savor. [Obs.] + + The judicious prelate will prefer a drop of the sincere milk of the + word before vessels full of traditionary pottage resenting of the + wild gourd of human invention. + + +Fuller. + +Re*sent"er (-?r), n. One who resents. Sir H. Wotton. + +Re*sent"ful (-f?l), a. Inclined to resent; easily provoked to anger; +irritable. -- Re*sent"ful*ly, adv. + +Re*sent"i*ment (-?-ment), n. Resentment. [Obs.] + +Re*sent"ing*ly, adv. 1. With deep sense or strong perception. [Obs.] +Dr. H. More. + +2. With a sense of wrong or affront; with resentment. + +Re*sent"ive (-?v), a. Resentful. [R.] Thomson. + +Re*sent"ment (-ment), n. [F. ressentiment.] 1. The act of resenting. + +2. The state of holding something in the mind as a subject of +contemplation, or of being inclined to reflect upon something; a state +of consciousness; conviction; feeling; impression. [Obs.] + + He retains vivid resentments of the more solid morality. + + +Dr. H. More. + + It is a greater wonder that so many of them die, with so little + resentment of their danger. + + +Jer. Taylor. + +3. In a good sense, satisfaction; gratitude. [Obs.] + + The Council taking notice of the many good services performed by + Mr. John Milton, . . . have thought fit to declare their resentment + and good acceptance of the same. + + +The Council Book (1651). + +4. In a bad sense, strong displeasure; anger; hostility provoked by a +wrong or injury experienced. + + Resentment . . . is a deep, reflective displeasure against the + conduct of the offender. + + +Cogan. + +Syn. -- Anger; irritation; vexation; displeasure; grudge; indignation; +choler; gall; ire; wrath; rage; fury. -- Resentment, Anger. Anger is +the broader term, denoting a keen sense of disapprobation (usually with +a desire to punish) for whatever we feel to be wrong, whether directed +toward ourselves or others. Resentment is anger exicted by a sense of +personal injury. It is, etymologically, that reaction of the mind which +we instinctively feel when we think ourselves wronged. Pride and +selfishness are apt to aggravate this feeling until it changes into a +criminal animosity; and this is now the more common signification of +the term. Being founded in a sense of injury, this feeling is hard to +be removed; and hence the expressions bitter or implacable resentment. +See Anger. + + Anger is like A full-hot horse, who being allowed his way, + Self-mettle tires him. + + +Shak. + + Can heavently minds such high resentment show, Or exercise their + spite in human woe? + + +Dryden. + +Res"er*ate (r?s"?r-?t), v. t. [L. reseratus, p. p. of reserare to +unlock.] To unlock; to open. [Obs.] Boyle. + +Re*serv"ance (r?-z?rv"ans), n. Reservation. [R.] + +Res`er*va"tion (r?z`?r-v?"sh?n), n. [Cf. F. réservation, LL. +reservatio. See Reserve.] 1. The act of reserving, or keeping back; +concealment, or withholding from disclosure; reserve. A. Smith. + + With reservation of an hundred knights. + + +Shak. + + Make some reservation of your wrongs. + + +Shak. + +2. Something withheld, either not expressed or disclosed, or not given +up or brought forward. Dryden. + +3. A tract of the public land reserved for some special use, as for +schools, for the use of Indians, etc. [U.S.] + +4. The state of being reserved, or kept in store. Shak. + +5. (Law) (a) A clause in an instrument by which some new thing is +reserved out of the thing granted, and not in esse before. (b) A +proviso. Kent. + +This term is often used in the same sense with exception, the technical +distinction being disregarded. + +6. (Eccl.) (a) The portion of the sacramental elements reserved for +purposes of devotion and for the communion of the absent and sick. (b) +A term of canon law, which signifies that the pope reserves to himself +appointment to certain benefices. + +Mental reservation, the withholding, or failing to disclose, something +that affects a statement, promise, etc., and which, if disclosed, would +materially change its import. + +<! p. 1225 !> + +Re*serv"a*tive (r?-z?rv"?-t?v), a. Tending to reserve or keep; keeping; +reserving. + +Re*serv"a*to*ry (-t?-r?), n. [LL. reservatorium,fr. L. resservare. See +Reserve, v. t., and cf. Reservior.] A place in which things are +reserved or kept. Woodward. + +Re*serve" (r?-z?rv"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reserved. (z&?;rvd");p. pr. & +vb. n. Reserving.] [F. réserver, L. reservare, reservatum; pref. re- +re- + servare to keep. See Serve.] 1. To keep back; to retain; not to +deliver, make over, or disclose. "I have reserved to myself nothing." +Shak. + +2. Hence, to keep in store for future or special use; to withhold from +present use for another purpose or time; to keep; to retain. Gen. +xxvii. 35. + + Hast thou seen the treasures of the hail, which I have reserved + against the time of trouble? + + +Job xxxviii. 22,23. + + Reserve your kind looks and language for private hours. + + +Swift. + +3. To make an exception of; to except. [R.] + +Re*serve", n. [F. réserve.] 1. The act of reserving, or keeping back; +reservation. + + However any one may concur in the general scheme, it is still with + certain reserves and deviations. + + +Addison. + +2. That which is reserved, or kept back, as for future use. + + The virgins, besides the oil in their lamps, carried likewise a + reserve in some other vessel for a continual supply. + + +Tillotson. + +3. That which is excepted; exception. + + Each has some darling lust, which pleads for a reserve. + + +Rogers. + +4. Restraint of freedom in words or actions; backwardness; caution in +personal behavior. + + My soul, surprised, and from her sex disjoined, Left all reserve, + and all the sex, behind. + + +Prior. + + The clergyman's shy and sensitive reserve had balked this scheme. + + +Hawthorne. + +5. A tract of land reserved, or set apart, for a particular purpose; +as, the Connecticut Reserve in Ohio, originally set apart for the +school fund of Connecticut; the Clergy Reserves in Canada, for the +support of the clergy. + +6. (Mil.) A body of troops in the rear of an army drawn up for battle, +reserved to support the other lines as occasion may require; a force or +body of troops kept for an exigency. + +7. (Banking) Funds kept on hand to meet liabilities. + +In reserve, in keeping for other or future use; in store; as, he has +large quantities of wheat in reserve; he has evidence or arguments in +reserve. -- Reserve air. (Physiol.) Same as Supplemental air, under +Supplemental. + +Syn. -- Reservation; retention; limitation; backwardness; reservedness; +coldness; restraint; shyness; coyness; modesty. + +Re*served" (-z?rvd"), a. 1. Kept for future or special use, or for an +exigency; as, reserved troops; a reserved seat in a theater. + +2. Restrained from freedom in words or actions; backward, or cautious, +in communicating one's thoughts and feelings; not free or frank. + + To all obliging, yet reserved to all. + + +Walsh. + + Nothing reserved or sullen was to see. + + +Dryden. + +-- Re*serv"ed*ly (r&?;-z&?;rv"&?;d-l&?;), adv. -- Re*serv"ed*ness, n. + +Res`er*vee" (rz`r*v"), n. One to, or for, whom anything is reserved; - +- contrasted with reservor. + +Re*serv"er (r*zrv"r), n. One who reserves. + +Re*serv"ist, n. A member of a reserve force of soldiers or militia. +[Eng.] + +Res"er*voir` (rz"r*vwôr`; 277), n. [F. réservoir, fr. LL. +reservatorium. See Reservatory.] 1. A place where anything is kept in +store; especially, a place where water is collected and kept for use +when wanted, as to supply a fountain, a canal, or a city by means of +aqueducts, or to drive a mill wheel, or the like. + +2. (Bot.) A small intercellular space, often containing resin, +essential oil, or some other secreted matter. + +Receiving reservoir (Water Works), a principal reservoir into which an +aqueduct or rising main delivers water, and from which a distributing +reservoir draws its supply. + +Re*serv"or (r?-z?rv"?r or r?z`?r-v?r), n. One who reserves; a reserver. + +Re*set" (r?-s?t"), v. t. To set again; as, to reset type; to reset +copy; to reset a diamond. + +Re"set (r?"s?t), n. 1. The act of resetting. + +2. (Print.) That which is reset; matter set up again. + +Re*set" (r?-s?t"), n. [OF. recete, recepte, a receiving. Cf. Receipt.] +(Scots Law) The receiving of stolen goods, or harboring an outlaw. +Jamieson. + +Re*set", v. t. (Scots Law) To harbor or secrete; to hide, as stolen +goods or a criminal. + + We shall see if an English hound is to harbor and reset the + Southrons here. + + +Sir. W. Scott. + +Re*set"ter (-t?r), n. (Scots Law) One who receives or conceals, as +stolen goods or criminal. + +Re*set"ter (r?-S?t"t?r), n. One who resets, or sets again. + +Re*set"tle (r?-s?t"t'l), v. t. To settle again. Swift. + +Re*set"tle, v. i. To settle again, or a second time. + +Re*set"tle*ment (-ment), n. Act of settling again, or state of being +settled again; as, the resettlement of lees. + + The resettlement of my discomposed soul. + + +Norris. + +Re*shape" (r?-sh?p"), v. t. To shape again. + +Re*ship" (r?-sh?p"), v. t. To ship again; to put on board of a vessel a +second time; to send on a second voyage; as, to reship bonded +merchandise. + +Re*ship", v. i. To engage one's self again for service on board of a +vessel after having been discharged. + +Re*ship"ment (-ment), n. The act of reshipping; also, that which is +reshippped. + +Re*ship"per (-p?r), n. One who reships. + +Res`i*ance (r?z"?-ans), n. [LL. reseantia, &?;&?; OF. reseance.] +Residence; abode. [Obs.] Bacon. + +Res"i*ant (-ant), a. [OF. reseant, resseant, L. residens. See +Resident.] Resident; present in a place. [Obs.] + + In which her kingdom's throne is chiefly resiant. + + +Spenser. + +Res"i*ant, n. A resident. [Obs.] Sir T. More. + +Re*side" (r?-z?d"), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Resided; p. pr. & vb. n. +Residing.] [F. résider, L. residere; pref. re- re- + sedere to sit. See +Sit. ] 1. To dwell permanently or for a considerable time; to have a +settled abode for a time; to abide continuosly; to have one's domicile +of home; to remain for a long time. + + At the moated grange, resides this dejected Mariana. + + +Shak. + + In no fixed place the happy souls reside. + + +Dryden. + +2. To have a seat or fixed position; to inhere; to lie or be as in +attribute or element. + + In such like acts, the duty and virtue of contentedness doth + especially reside. + + +Barrow. + +3. To sink; to settle, as sediment. [Obs.] Boyle. + +Syn. -- To dwell; inhabit; sojourn; abide; remain; live; domiciliate; +domicile. + +Res"i*dence (r?z"?-dens), n. [F. résidence. See Resident.] 1. The act +or fact of residing, abiding, or dwelling in a place for some +continuance of time; as, the residence of an American in France or +Italy for a year. + + The confessor had often made considerable residences in Normandy. + + +Sir M. Hale. + +2. The place where one resides; an abode; a dwelling or habitation; +esp., a settled or permanent home or domicile. "Near the residence of +Posthumus." Shak. + + Johnson took up his residence in London. + + +Macaulay. + +3. (Eng.Eccl.Law) The residing of an incumbent on his benefice; -- +opposed to nonresidence. + +4. The place where anything rests permanently. + + But when a king sets himself to bandy against the highest court and + residence of all his regal power, he then, . . . fights against his + own majesty and kingship. + + +Milton. + +5. Subsidence, as of a sediment. [Obs.] Bacon. + +6. That which falls to the bottom of liquors; sediment; also, refuse; +residuum. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. + +Syn. -- Domiciliation; sojourn; stay; abode; home; dwelling; +habitation; domicile; mansion. + +Res"i*den*cy (-den-s?), n. 1. Residence. [Obsoles.] + +2. A political agency at a native court in British India, held by an +officer styled the Resident; also, a Dutch commercial colony or +province in the East Indies. + +Res"i*dent (-dent), a. [F. résident, L. residens, -entis, p. pr. of +residere. See Reside.] 1. Dwelling, or having an abode, in a place for +a continued length of time; residing on one's own estate; -- opposed to +nonresident; as, resident in the city or in the country. + +2. Fixed; stable; certain. [Obs.] "Stable and resident like a rock." +Jer. TAylor. + + One there still resident as day and night. + + +Davenant. + +Res"i*dent, n. 1. One who resides or dwells in a place for some time. + +2. A diplomatic representative who resides at a foreign court; -- a +term usualy applied to ministers of a rank inferior to that of +ambassadors. See the Note under Minister, 4. + +Res"i*dent*er (-r), n. A resident. [Obs. or Colloq.] + +Res`i*den""tial (-d?n"shal), a. 1. Of or pertaining to a residence or +residents; as, residential trade. + +2. Residing; residentiary. [R.] + +Res`i*den"tia*ry (-d?n"sh?-r?; 277), a. [LL. residentiaris.] Having +residence; as, a canon residentary; a residentiary guardian. Dr. H. +More. + +Res`i*den"tia*ry, n. 1. One who is resident. + + The residentiary, or the frequent visitor of the favored spot, . . + . will discover that both have been there. + + +Coleridge. + +2. An ecclesiastic who keeps a certain residence. + +Syn. -- Inhabitant; inhabiter; dweller; sojourner. + +Res`i*den"tia*ry*ship, n. The office or condition of a residentiary. + +Res"i*dent*ship (r?z"?-dent-sh?p), n. The office or condition of a +resident. + +Re*sid"er (r?-z?d"?r), n. One who resides in a place. + +Re*sid"u*al (r?-z?d"?-al), a. [See Residue.] Pertaining to a residue; +remaining after a part is taken. + +Residual air (Physiol.), that portion of air contained in the lungs +which can not be expelled even by the most violent expiratory effort. +It amounts to from 75 to 100 cubic inches. Cf. Supplemental air, under +Supplemental. -- Residual error. (Mensuration) See Error, 6 (b). -- +Residual figure (Geom.), the figure which remains after a less figure +has been taken from a greater one. -- Residual magnetism (Physics), +remanent magnetism. See under Remanent. -- Residual product, a by +product, as cotton waste from a cotton mill, coke and coal tar from gas +works, etc. -- Residual quantity (Alg.), a binomial quantity the two +parts of which are connected by the negative sign, as a-b. -- Residual +root (Alg.), the root of a residual quantity, as √(a-b). + +Re*sid"u*al, n. (Math.) (a) The difference of the results obtained by +observation, and by computation from a formula. (b) The difference +between the mean of several observations and any one of them. + +Re*sid"u*a*ry (-?-r?), a. [See Residue.] Consisting of residue; as, +residuary matter; pertaining to the residue, or part remaining; as, the +residuary advantage of an estate. Ayliffe. + +Residuary clause (Law), that part of the testator's will in which the +residue of his estate is disposed of. -- Residuary devise (Law), the +person to whom the residue of real estate is devised by a will. - - +Residuary legatee (Law), the person to whom the residue of personal +estate is bequeathed. + +Res"i*due (r?z"?-d?), n. [F. résidu, L. residuum, fr. residuus that is +left behind, remaining, fr. residere to remain behind. See Reside, and +cf. Residuum.] 1. That which remains after a part is taken, separated, +removed, or designated; remnant; remainder. + + The residue of them will I deliver to the sword. + + +Jer. xv. 9. + + If church power had then prevailed over its victims, not a residue + of English liberty would have been saved. + + +I. Taylor. + +2. (Law) That part of a testeator's estate wwhich is not disposed of in +his will by particular and special legacies and devises, and which +remains after payment of debts and legacies. + +3. (Chem.) That which remains of a molecule after the removal of a +portion of its constituents; hence, an atom or group regarded as a +portion of a molecule; -- used as nearly equivalent to radical, but in +a more general sense. + +The term radical is sometimes restricted to groups containing carbon, +the term residue being applied to the others. + +4. (Theory of Numbers) Any positive or negative number that differs +from a given number by a multiple of a given modulus; thus, if 7 is the +modulus, and 9 the given number, the numbers -5, 2, 16, 23, etc., are +residues. + +Syn. -- Rest; remainder; remnant; balance; residuum; remains; leavings; +relics. + +Re*sid"u*ous (r?-z?d"?-?s), a. [L. residuus.] Remaining; residual. +Landor. + +Re*sid"u*um (-?m), n. [L. See Residue.] That which is left after any +process of separation or purification; that which remains after certain +specified deductions are made; residue. + + "I think so," is the whole residuum . . . after evaporating the + prodigious pretensions of the zealot demagogue. + + +L. Taylor. + +Re*siege" (r?-s?j"), v. t. [Pref. re- + siege a seat.] To seat again; +to reinstate. [Obs.] Spenser. + +Re-sign" (r?-s?n"), v. t. [Pref. re- + sign.] To affix one's signature +to, a second time; to sign again. + +Re*sign" (r?-z?n"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Resigned (-z?nd"); p. pr. & vb. +n. Resigning.] [F. résigner, L. resignare to unseal, annul, assign, +resign; pref. re- re- + signare to seal, stamp. See Sign, and cf. +Resignation.] + +1. To sign back; to return by a formal act; to yield to another; to +surrender; -- said especially of office or emolument. Hence, to give +up; to yield; to submit; -- said of the wishes or will, or of something +valued; -- also often used reflexively. + + I here resign my government to thee. + + +Shak. + + Lament not, Eve, but patiently resign What justly thou hast lost. + + +Milton. + + What more reasonable, than that we should in all things resign up + ourselves to the will of God? + + +Tiilotson. + +2. To relinquish; to abandon. + + He soon resigned his former suit. + + +Spenser. + +3. To commit to the care of; to consign. [Obs.] + + Gentlement of quality have been sent beyong the seas, resigned and + concredited to the conduct of such as they call governors. + + +Evelyn. + +Syn. -- To abdicate; surrender; submit; leave; relinquish; forego; +quit; forsake; abandon; renounce. -- Resign, Relinquish. To resign is +to give up, as if breaking a seal and yielding all it had secured; +hence, it marks a formal and deliberate surrender. To relinquish is +less formal, but always implies abandonment and that the thing given up +has been long an object of pursuit, and, usually, that it has been +prized and desired. We resign what we once held or considered as our +own, as an office, employment, etc. We speak of relinquishing a claim, +of relinquishing some advantage we had sought or enjoyed, of +relinquishing seme right, privilege, etc. "Men are weary with the toil +which they bear, but can not find it in their hearts to relinquish it." +Steele. See Abdicate. + +Re sign", n. Resignation. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. + +Res`ig*na"tion (r?z`?g-n?"sh?n), n. [F. résignation. See Resign.] 1. +The act of resigning or giving up, as a claim, possession, office, or +the like; surrender; as, the resignation of a crown or comission. + +2. The state of being resigned or submissive; quiet or patient +submission; unresisting acquiescence; as, resignation to the will and +providence of God. + +Syn. -- Patience; surrender; relinquisment; forsaking; abandonment; +abdication; renunciation; submission; acquiescence; endurance. See +Patience. + +Re*signed" (r?-z?nd"), a. Submissive; yielding; not disposed to resist +or murmur. + + A firm, yet cautious mind; Sincere, thought prudent; constant, yet + resigned. + + +Pope. + +Re*sign"ed*ly (r?-z?n"?d-l?), adv. With submission. + +Res`ign*ee" (r?z`?-n?"), n. One to whom anything is resigned, or in +whose favor a resignation is made. + +Re*sign"er (r?-z?n"?r), n. One who resigns. + +Re*sign"ment (-ment), n. The act of resigning. + +Re*sile" (r?-z?l"), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Resiled (-z?ld"); p. pr. & vb. +n. Resiling.] [L. resilire to leap or spring back; pref. re- re- + +salire to leap, spring. See Salient.] To start back; to recoil; to +recede from a purpose. J. Ellis. + +{ Re*sil"i*ence (r?-z?l"?-ens), Re*sil"i*en*cy (-en-s?), } n. 1. The +act of resiling, springing back, or rebounding; as, the resilience of a +ball or of sound. + +2. (Mech. & Engyn.) The mechanical work required to strain an elastic +body, as a deflected beam, stretched spring, etc., to the elastic +limit; also, the work performed by the body in recovering from such +strain. + +Re*sil"i*ent (-ent), a. [L. resiliens, p. pr.] Leaping back; +rebounding; recoiling. + +Res`i*li"tion (r?z`?-l?sh"?n), n. Resilience. [R.] + +Res"in (r?z"?n), n. [F. résine, L. resina; cf. Gr. "rhti`nh Cf. Rosin.] +Any one of a class of yellowish brown solid inflammable substances, of +vegetable origin, which are nonconductors of electricity, have a +vitreous fracture, and are soluble in ether, alcohol, and essential +oils, but not in water; specif., pine resin (see Rosin). + +Resins exude from trees in combination with essential oils, gums, etc., +and in a liquid or semiliquid state. They are composed of carbon, +hydrogen, and oxygen, and are supposed to be formed by the oxidation of +the essential oils. Copal, mastic, guaiacum, and colophony or pine +resin, are some of them. When mixed with gum, they form the gum resins, +like asafetida and gamboge; mixed with essential oils, they form +balsams, or oleoresins. + +Highgate resin (Min.), a fossil resin resembling copal, occuring in +blue clay at Highgate, near London. -- Resin bush (Bot.), a low +composite shrub (Euryops speciosissimus) of South Africa, having smooth +pinnately parted leaves and abounding in resin. + +Res`in*a"ceous (-?"sh?s), a. Having the quality of resin; resinous. + +Res"in*ate (r?z"?n-?t), n. (Chem.) Any one of the salts the resinic +acids. + +<! p. 1226 !> + +Re*sin"ic (r?-z?n"?k), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, +resin; as, the resinic acids. + +Res`in*if"er*ous (r?z`?n-?f"?r-?s), a. [Resin + -ferous: cf. F. +résinifère.] Yielding resin; as, a resiniferous tree or vessel. + +Res"in*i*form (r?z"?n-?-f?rm), a. [Resin + -form: cf. F. résiniforme.] +Having the form of resin. + +Res`in*o-e*lec"tric (-?-?-l?k"tr?k), a. (Elec.) Containing or +exhibiting resinous electricity. + +Res"in*oid (r?z"?n-oid), a. Somewhat like resin. + +Res"in*ous (-?s), a. [L. resinous: cf. F. résineux. See Resin.] Of or +pertaining to resin; of the nature of resin; resembling or obtained +from resin. + +Resinous electricity (Elec.), electricity which is exited by rubbing +bodies of the resinous kind. See Negative electricity, under Negative. + +Res"in*ous*ly, adv. By means, or in the manner, of resin. + +Res"in*ous*ness, n. The quality of being resinous. + +Res"in*y (-?), a. Like resin; resinous. + +Res`i*pis"cence (r?s`?-p?s"sens), n. [L. resipiscentia, from +resipiscere to recover one's senses: cf. F. résipiscence.] Wisdom +derived from severe experience; hence, repentance. [R.] Bp. Montagu. + +Re*sist" (r?-z?st"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Resisted; p. pr. & vb. n. +Resisting.] [F. résister, L. resistere, pref. re- re- + sistere to +stand, cause to stand, v. causative of stare to stand. See Stand.] 1. +To stand against; to withstand; to obstruct. + + That mortal dint, Save He who reigns above, none can resist. + + +Milton. + +2. To strive against; to endeavor to counteract, defeat, or frustrate; +to act in opposition to; to oppose. + + God resisteth the proud. + + +James iv. 6. + + Contrary to his high will Whom we resist. + + +Milton. + +3. To counteract, as a force, by inertia or reaction. + +4. To be distasteful to. [Obs.] Shak. + +Syn. -- To withstand; oppose; hinder; obstruct; counteract; check; +thwart; baffle; disappoint. + +Re*sist", v. i. To make opposition. Shak. + +Re*sist", n. (Calico Printing) A substance used to prevent a color or +mordant from fixing on those parts to which it has been applied, either +by acting machanically in preventing the color, etc., from reaching the +cloth, or chemically in changing the color so as to render it incapable +of fixing itself in the fibers.. The pastes prepared for this purpose +are called resist pastes. F. C. Calvert. + +Re*sist"ance (-ans), n. [F. résistance, LL. resistentia, fr. resistens, +- entis, p. pr. See Resist.] 1. The act of resisting; opposition, +passive or active. + + When King Demetrius saw that . . . no resistance was made against + him, he sent away all his forces. + + +1. Macc. xi. 38. + +2. (Physics) The quality of not yielding to force or external pressure; +that power of a body which acts in opposition to the impulse or +pressure of another, or which prevents the effect of another power; as, +the resistance of the air to a body passing through it; the resistance +of a target to projectiles. + +3. A means or method of resisting; that which resists. + + Unfold to us some warlike resistance. + + +Shak. + +4. (Elec.) A certain hindrance or opposition to the passage of an +electrical current or discharge offered by conducting bodies. It bears +an inverse relation to the conductivity, -- good conductors having a +small resistance, while poor conductors or insulators have a very high +resistance. The unit of resistance is the ohm. + +Resistance box (Elec.), a rheostat consisting of a box or case +containing a number of resistance coils of standard values so arranged +that they can be combined in various ways to afford more or less +resistance. -- Resistance coil (Elec.), a coil of wire introduced into +an electric circuit to increase the resistance. -- Solid of least +resistance (Mech.), a solid of such a form as to experience, in moving +in a fluid, less resistance than any other solid having the same base, +height, and volume. + +Re*sist"ant (-ant), a. [F. résistant: cf. L. resistens. See Resist.] +Making resistance; resisting. -- n. One who, or that which, resists. +Bp. Pearson. + +Re*sist"er (-?r), n. One who resists. + +Re*sist"ful (-f?l), a. Making much resistance. + +Re*sist`i*bil"i*ty (-?-b?l"?-t?), n.. 1. The quality of being +resistible; resistibleness. + +2. The quality of being resistant; resitstance. + + The name "body" being the complex idea of extension and + resistibility together in the same subject. + + +Locke. + +Re*sist"i*ble (r?-z?st"?-b'l), a. [Cf. F. résistible.] Capable of being +resisted; as, a resistible force. Sir M. Hale. -- Re*sist"i*ble*ness, +n. -- Re*sist"i*bly, adv. + +Re*sist"ing, a. Making resistance; opposing; as, a resisting medium. -- +Re*sist"ing ly, adv. + +Re*sist"ive (-?v), a. Serving to resist. B. Jonsosn. + +Re*sist"less, a. 1. Having no power to resist; making no opposition. +[Obs. or R.] Spenser. + +2. Incapable of being resisted; irresistible. + + Masters' commands come with a power resistless To such as owe them + absolute subjection. + + +Milton. + +-- Re*sist"less*ly, adv. -- Re*sist"less*ness, n. + +Res"o*lu*ble (r?z"?-l?-b'l), a.[L. resolubolis: cf. F. résoluble. See +Resolve, and cf. Resolvable.] Admitting of being resolved; resolvable; +as, bodies resoluble by fire. Boyle. -- Res"o*lu*ble*ness, n. + +Res"o*lute (r?z"?-l?t), a. [Cf. F. résolu. The L. resolutus (p. p. of +resolvere) means, relaxed, enervated, effeminate. See Resolve, v. t. & +i.] 1. Having a decided purpose; determined; resolved; fixed in a +determination; hence, bold; firm; steady. + + Edward is at hand, Ready to fight; therefore be resolute. + + +Shak. + +2. Convinced; satisfied; sure. [Obs.] + +3. Resolving, or explaining; as, the Resolute Doctor Durand. [Obs.] + +Syn. -- Determined; decided; fixed; steadfast; steady; constant; +persevering; firm; bold; unshaken. + +Res"o*lute (r?z"?-l?t), n. 1. One who is resolute; hence, a desperado. +[Obs.] Shak. + +2. Redelivery; repayment. [Obs.] "Yearly resolutes, deductions, and +payments." Bp. Burnet. + +Res"o*lute*ly, adv. In a resolute manner; with fixed purpose; boldly; +firmly; steadily; with perseverance. + + Some . . . facts he examines, some he resolutely denies. + + +Swift. + +Res"o*lute*ness, n. The quality of being resolute. + +Res`o*lu"tion (-l?"sh?n), n. [F. résolution. L. resolutio a loosening, +solution. See Resolve.] 1. The act, operation, or process of resolving. +Specifically: (a) The act of separating a compound into its elements or +component parts. (b) The act of analyzing a complex notion, or solving +a vexed question or difficult problem. + + The unraveling and resolution of the difficulties that are met with + in the execution of the design are the end of an action. + + +Dryden. + +2. The state of being relaxed; relaxation. [Obs.] + +3. The state of being resolved, settled, or determined; firmness; +steadiness; constancy; determination. + + Be it with resolution then to fight. + + +Shak. + +4. That which is resolved or determined; a settled purpose; +determination. Specifically: A formal expression of the opinion or will +of an official body or a public assembly, adopted by vote; as, a +legislative resolution; the resolutions of a public meeting. + +5. The state of being resolved or firm in opinion or thought; +conviction; assurance. [Obs.] + + Little resolution and certainty there is as touching the islands of + Mauritania. + + +Holland. + +6. (Math.) The act or process of solving; solution; as, the resolution +of an equation or problem. + +7. (Med.) A breaking up, disappearance; or termination, as of a fever, +a tumor, or the like. + +8. (Mus.) The passing of a dissonant into a consonant chord by the +rising or falling of the note which makes the discord. + +Joint resolution. See under Joint, a. -- Resolution of a force or +motion (Mech.), the separation of a single force or motion into two or +more which have different directions, and, taken together, are an +equivalent for the single one; -- the opposite of composition of a +force. -- Resolution of a nebula (Astron.), the exhibition of it to the +eye by a telescope of such power as to show it to be composed of small +stars. + +Syn. -- Decision; analysis; separation; disentanglement; dissolution; +resolvedness; resoluteness; firmness; constancy; perseverance; +steadfastness; fortitude; boldness; purpose; resolve. See Decision. + +Res`o*lu"tion*er (-?r), n. One who makes a resolution; one who joins +with others in a declaration or resolution; specifically, one of a +party in the Scottish Church in the 17th century. + + He was sequestrated afterwards as a Resolutioner. + + +Sir W. Scott. + +Res`o*lu"tion*ist, n. One who makes a resolution. + +Res"o*lu`tive (r?z"?-lu`t?v), a. [Cf.F. résolutif.] Serving to dissolve +or relax. [R.] Johnson. + +Res"o*lu*to*ry (r?z"?-l?-t?-r?), a. Resolutive. [R.] + +Re*solv`a*bil"i*ty (r?-z?lv`?-b?l"?-t?), n. The quality or condition of +being resolvable; resolvableness. + +Re*solv"a*ble (r?-z?lv"?-b'l), a. [See Resolve, and cf. Resoluble.] +Admitting of being resolved; admitting separation into constituent +parts, or reduction to first principles; admitting solution or +explanation; as, resolvable compounds; resolvable ideas or +difficulties. + +Re*solv"a*ble*ness, n. The quality of being resolvable; resolvability. + +Re*solve" (r?*z?lv"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Resolved (-z?lvd"); p. pr. & +vb. n. Resolving.] [L. resolvere, resolutum, to untie, loosen, relax, +enfeeble; pref. re- re- + solvere to loosen, dissolve: cf. F. résoudare +to resolve. See Solve, and cf. Resolve, v. i., Resolute, Resolution.] +1. To separate the component parts of; to reduce to the constituent +elements; -- said of compound substances; hence, sometimes, to melt, or +dissolve. + + O, that this too too solid flesh would melt, Thaw, and resolve + itself into a dew! + + +Shak. + + Ye immortal souls, who once were men, And now resolved to elements + again. + + +Dryden. + +2. To reduce to simple or intelligible notions; -- said of complex +ideas or obscure questions; to make clear or certain; to free from +doubt; to disentangle; to unravel; to explain; hence, to clear up, or +dispel, as doubt; as, to resolve a riddle. "Resolve my doubt." Shak. + + To the resolving whereof we must first know that the Jews were + commanded to divorce an unbelieving Gentile. + + +Milton. + +3. To cause to perceive or understand; to acquaint; to inform; to +convince; to assure; to make certain. + + Sir, be resolved. I must and will come. + + +Beau. & Fl. + + Resolve me, Reason, which of these is worse, Want with a full, or + with an empty purse? + + +Pope. + + In health, good air, pleasure, riches, I am resolved it can not be + equaled by any region. + + +Sir W. Raleigh. + + We must be resolved how the law can be pure and perspicuous, and + yet throw a polluted skirt over these Eleusinian mysteries. + + +Milton. + +4. To determine or decide in purpose; to make ready in mind; to fix; to +settle; as, he was resolved by an unexpected event. + +5. To express, as an opinion or determination, by resolution and vote; +to declare or decide by a formal vote; -- followed by a clause; as, the +house resolved (or, it was resolved by the house) that no money should +be apropriated (or, to appropriate no money). + +6. To change or convert by resolution or formal vote; -- used only +reflexively; as, the house resolved itself into a committee of the +whole. + +7. (Math.) To solve, as a problem, by enumerating the several things to +be done, in order to obtain what is required; to find the answer to, or +the result of. Hutton. + +8. (Med.) To dispere or scatter; to discuss, as an inflammation or a +tumor. + +9. (Mus.) To let the tones (as of a discord) follow their several +tendencies, resulting in a concord. + +10. To relax; to lay at ease. [Obs.] B. Jonson. + +To resolve a nebula.(Astron.) See Resolution of a nebula, under +Resolution. + +Syn. -- To solve; analyze; unravel; disentangle. + +Re*solve" (r?-z?lv"), v. i. [The sense "to be convinced, to determine" +comes from the idea of loosening, breaking up into parts, analyzing, +hence, determining.] + +1. To be separated into its component parts or distinct principles; to +undergo resolution. + +2. To melt; to dissolve; to become fluid. + + When the blood stagnates in any part, it first coagulates, then + resolves, and turns alkaline. + + +Arbuthhnot. + +3. To be settled in opinion; to be convinced. [R.] + + Let men resolve of that as they plaease. + + +Locke. + +4. To form a purpose; to make a decision; especially, to determine +after reflection; as, to resolve on a better course of life. + +Syn. -- To determine; decide; conclude; purpose. + +Re*solve", n. 1. The act of resolving or making clear; resolution; +solution. "To give a full resolve of that which is so much +controverted." Milton. + +2. That which has been resolved on or determined; decisive conclusion; +fixed purpose; determination; also, legal or official determination; a +legislative declaration; a resolution. + + Nor is your firm resolve unknown. + + +Shak. + + Cæsar's approach has summoned us together, And Rome attends her + fate from our resolves. + + +Addison. + +Re*solved" (r?-z?lvd"), p. p. & a. Having a fixed purpose; determined; +resolute; -- usually placed after its noun; as, a man resolved to be +rich. + + That makes him a resolved enemy. + + +Jer. Taylor. + + I am resolved she shall not settle here. + + +Fielding. + +Re*solv"ed*ly (r?z?lv"?d-l?), adv. 1. So as to resolve or clear up +difficulties; clearly. [Obs.] + + Of that, and all the progress, more or less, Resolvedly more + leisure shall express. + + +Shak. + +2. Resolutely; decidedly; firmly. Grew. + +Re*solv"ed*ness, n. Fixedness of purpose; firmness; resolution. Dr. H. +More. + +Re*solv"ent (-ent), a. Having power to resolve; causing solution; +solvent. + +Re*solv"ent, n. [L. resolvens, p. pr. of resolvere: cf. F. résolvant. +See Resolve.] 1. That which has the power of resolving, or causing +solution; a solvent. + +2. (Med.) That which has power to disperse inflammatory or other +tumors; a discutient; anything which aids the absorption of effused +products. Coxe. + +3. (Math.) An equation upon whose solution the solution of a given +pproblem depends. + +Re*solv"er (r?-z?lv"?r), n. 1. That which decomposes, or dissolves. +Boyle. + +2. That which clears up and removes difficulties, and makes the mind +certain or determined. Bp. Burnet. + +3. One who resolves, or formal a firm purpose. + +Res"o*nance (r?z"?-nans), n. [Cf. F. résonance, L. resonantia an echo.] +1. The act of resounding; the quality or state of being resonant. + +2. (Acoustics) A prolongation or increase of any sound, either by +reflection, as in a cavern or apartment the walls of which are not +distant enough to return a distinct echo, or by the production of +vibrations in other bodies, as a sounding-board, or the bodies of +musical instruments. + +Pulmonary resonance (Med.), the sound heard on percussing over the +lungs. -- Vocal resonance (Med.), the sound transmitted to the ear when +auscultation is made while the patient is speaking. + +Res"o*nan*cy (-nan-s?), n. Resonance. + +Res"o*nant (-nant), a. [L. resonans, p. pr. of resonare to resound: cf. +F. résonnant. See Resound.] Returning, or capable of returning, sound; +fitted to resound; resounding; echoing back. + + Through every hour of the golden morning, the streets were resonant + with female parties of young and old. + + +De Quincey. + +Res"o*nant*ly, adv. In a resonant manner. + +Res"o*na`tor (-n?`t?r), n. (Acoustics) Anything which resounds; +specifically, a vessel in the form of a cylinder open at one end, or a +hollow ball of brass with two apertures, so contrived as to greatly +intensify a musical tone by its resonance. It is used for the study and +analysis of complex sounds. + +Re*sorb" (r?-s?rb"), v. t. [L. reorbere; pref. re- re- + sorbere to +suck or drink in.] To swallow up. + + Now lifted by the tide, and now resorbed. + + +Young. + +Re*sorb"ent (-ent), a. [L. resorbens, p. pr. of resorbere.] Swallowing +up. Wodhull. + +Res*or"cin (r?z-?r"s?n), n. [Resin + orcin. So called because in its +higher homologue it resembles orcin.] (Chem.) A colorless crystalline +substance of the phenol series, obtained by melting certain resins, as +galbanum, asafetida, etc., with caustic potash. It is also produced +artificially and used in making certain dyestuffs, as phthaleïn, +fluoresceïn, and eosin. + +Res`or*cyl"ic (r?z`?r-s?l"?k), a. (Chem.) Of, or pertaining to, or +producing, resorcin; as, resorcylic acid. + +Re*sorp"tion (r?*s?rp"sh?n), n. The act of resorbing; also, the act of +absorbing again; reabsorption. + +Re*sort" (r?*z?rt"), n. [F. ressort.] Active power or movement; spring. +[A Gallicism] [Obs.] + + Some . . . know the resorts and falls of business that can not sink + into the main of it. + + +Bacon. + +Re*sort", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Resorted; p. pr. & vb. n. Resorting.] +[OF. resortir to withdraw, take refuge, F. ressortir to be in the +jurisdiction, LL. resortire; pref. re- re- + L. sortiri to draw lots, +obtain by lot, from sors lot. See Sort. The meaning is first to +reobtain (by lot), then to gain by appeal to a higher court (as a law +term), to appeal, go for protection or refuge.] 1. To go; to repair; to +betake one's self. + + What men name resort to him? + + +Shak. + +2. To fall back; to revert. [Obs.] + + The inheritance of the son never resorted to the mother, or to any + of her ancestors. + + +Sir M. Hale. + +<! p. 1227 !> + +3. To have recourse; to apply; to one's self for help, relief, or +advantage. + + The king thought it time to resort to other counsels. + + +Clarendon. + +Re*sort" (r?*z?rt"), n. [Cf. F. ressort jurisdiction. See Resort, v.] +1. The act of going to, or making application; a betaking one's self; +the act of visiting or seeking; recourse; as, a place of popular +resort; -- often figuratively; as, to have resort to force. + + Join with me to forbid him her resort. + + +Shak. + +2. A place to which one betakes himself habitually; a place of frequent +assembly; a haunt. + + Far from all resort of mirth. + + +Milton. + +3. That to which one resorts or looks for help; resource; refuge. + +Last resort, ultimate means of relief; also, final tribunal; that from +which there is no appeal. + +Re*sort"er (-?r), n. One who resorts; a frequenter. + +Re*soun" (r?*z??n"), n. Reason. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Re*soun", v. i. & t. To resound. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Re-sound" (r?*sound"), v. t. & i. [Pref. re- + sound.] To sound again +or anew. + +Re*sound" (r?*zound"), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Resounded; p. pr. & vb. n. +Resounding.] [OE. resounen, OF. resoner, F. résonner, from L. resonare; +pref. re- re- + sonare to sound, sonus sound. See Sound to make a +noise.] 1. To sound loudly; as, his voice resounded far. + +2. To be filled with sound; to ring; as, the woods resound with song. + +3. To be echoed; to be sent back, as sound. "Common fame . . . resounds +back to them again." South. + +4. To be mentioned much and loudly. Milton. + +5. To echo or reverberate; to be resonant; as, the earth resounded with +his praise. + +Re*sound", v. t. 1. To throw back, or return, the sound of; to echo; to +reverberate. + + Albion's cliffs resound the rur&?;&?;ay. + + +Pope. + +2. To praise or celebrate with the voice, or the sound of instruments; +to extol with sounds; to spread the fame of. + + The man for wisdom's various arts renowned, Long exercised in woes, + O muse, resound. + + +Pope. + +Syn. -- To echo; reëcho; reverberate; sound. + +Re*sound", n. Return of sound; echo. Beaumont. + +Re*source" (r?*s?rs"), n. [F. ressource, fr. OF. ressourdre, resourdre, +to spring forth or up again; pref. re- re- + sourdre to spring forth. +See Source.] 1. That to which one resorts orr on which one depends for +supply or support; means of overcoming a difficulty; resort; expedient. + + Threat'nings mixed with prayers, his last resource. + + +Dryden. + +2. pl. Pecuniary means; funds; money, or any property that can be +converted into supplies; available means or capabilities of any kind. + + Scotland by no means escaped the fate ordained for every country + which is connected, but not incorporated, with another country of + greater resources. + + +Macaulay. + +Syn. -- Expedient; resort; means; contrivance. + +Re*source"ful (-f?l), a. Full of resources. + +Re*source"less, a. Destitute of resources. Burke. + +-- Re*source"less*ness, n. R. Browning. + +Re*sow" (r?*s?"), v. t. To sow again. Bacon. + +Re*sown" (r?*zoun"), v. To resound. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Re*speak" (r?*sp?k"), v. t. 1. To speak or utter again. + +2. To answer; to echo. [Obs. or Poetic] Shak. + +Re*spect" (r?*sp?kt"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Respected; p. pr. & vb. n. +Respecting.] [L. respectare, v. intens. from respicere, respectum, to +look back, respect; pref. re- re- + specere, spicere, to look, to view: +cf. F. respecter. See Spy, and cf. Respite.] 1. To take notice of; to +regard with special attention; to regard as worthy of special +consideration; hence, to care for; to heed. + + Thou respectest not spilling Edward's blood. + + +Shak. + + In orchards and gardens, we do not so much respect beauty as + variety of ground for fruits, trees, and herbs. + + +Bacon. + +2. To consider worthy of esteem; to regard with honor. "I do respect +thee as my soul." Shak. + +3. To look toward; to front upon or toward. [Obs.] + + Palladius adviseth the front of his house should so respect the + &?;&?;uth. + + +Sir T. Browne. + +4. To regard; to consider; to deem. [Obs.] + + To whom my father gave this name of Gaspar, And as his own + respected him to death. + + +B. Jonson. + +5. To have regard to; to have reference to; to relate to; as, the +treaty particularly respects our commerce. + +As respects, as regards; with regard to; as to. Macaulay. -- To respect +the person or persons, to favor a person, or persons on corrupt +grounds; to show partiality. "Ye shall not respect persons in +judgment." Deut. i. 17. + +Syn. -- To regard; esteem; honor; revere; venerate. + +Re*spect", n. [L. respectus: cf. F. respect. See Respect, v., and cf. +Respite.] 1. The act of noticing with attention; the giving particular +consideration to; hence, care; caution. + + But he it well did ward with wise respect. + + +Spenser. + +2. Esteem; regard; consideration; honor. + + Seen without awe, and served without respect. + + +Prior. + + The same men treat the Lord's Day with as little respect. + + +R. Nelson. + +3. pl. An expression of respect of deference; regards; as, to send +one's respects to another. + +4. Reputation; repute. [Obs.] + + Many of the best respect in Rome. + + +Shak. + +5. Relation; reference; regard. + + They believed but one Supreme Deity, which, with respect to the + various benefits men received from him, had several titles. + + +Tillotson. + +4. Particular; point regarded; point of view; as, in this respect; in +any respect; in all respects. + + Everything which is imperfect, as the world must be acknowledged in + many respects. + + +Tillotson. + + In one respect I'll be thy assistant. + + +Shak. + +7. Consideration; motive; interest. [Obs.] "Whatever secret respects +were likely to move them." Hooker. + + To the publik good Private respects must yield. + + +Milton. + +In respect, in comparison. [Obs.] Shak. -- In respect of. (a) In +comparison with. [Obs.] Shak. (b) As to; in regard to. [Archaic] +"Monsters in respect of their bodies." Bp. Wilkins. "In respect of +these matters." Jowett. (Thucyd.) -- In, or With, respect to, in +relation to; with regard to; as respects. Tillotson. -- To have respect +of persons, to regard persons with partiality or undue bias, especially +on account of friendship, power, wealth, etc. "It is not good to have +respect of persons in judgment." Prov. xxiv. 23. + +Syn. -- Deference; attention; regard; consideration; estimation. See +Deference. + +Re*spect`a*bil"i*ty (r?*sp?kt`?*b?l"?*t?), n. The state or quality of +being respectable; the state or quality which deserves or commands +respect. + +Re*spect"a*ble (-&?;-b'l), a. [F. respectable, LL. respectabilis.] 1. +Worthy of respect; fitted to awaken esteem; deserving regard; hence, of +good repute; not mean; as, a respectable citizen. "The respectable +quarter of Sicca." J. H. Newman. + + No government, any more than an individual, will long be respected, + without being truly respectable. + + +Madison. + +2. Moderate in degree of excellence or in number; as, a respectable +performance; a respectable audience. + +--Re*spect"a*ble*ness,n. -- Re*spect"a*bly, adv. + +Re*spect"ant (-ant), a. [F., p. pr. of respecter. See Respect.] (Her.) +Placed so as to face one another; -- said of animals. + +Re*spect"er (-?r), n. One who respects. + +A respecter of persons, one who regards or judges with partiality. + + Of a truth I perceive that God is no respecter of persons. + + +Acts x. 34. + +Re*spect"ful (-f?l), a. Marked or characterized by respect; as, +respectful deportment. + + With humble joi and with respectful fear. + + +Prior. + +-- Re*spect"ful*ly, adv. -- Re*spect"ful*ness, n. + +Re*spect"ing, prep. With regard or relation to; regarding; concerning; +as, respecting his conduct there is but one opinion. + +Re*spec"tion (r?*sp?k"sh?n), n. [Cf.LL. respectio.] The act of +respecting; respect; regard. [Obs.] + + Without difference or respection of persons. + + +Tyndale. + +Re*spec"tive (r?*sp?k"t?v), a. [Cf. F. respectif, LL. respectivus. See +Respect.] 1. Noticing with attention; hence, careful; wary; +considerate. [Obs.] + + If you look upon the church of England with a respective eye, you + can not . . . refuse this charge. + + +A&?;p. Sandys. + +2. Looking towardl having reference to; relative, not absolute; as, the +respective connections of society. + +3. Relating to particular persons or things, each to each; particular; +own; as, they returned to their respective places of abode. + +4. Fitted to awaken respect. [Obs.] Shak. + +5. Rendering respect; respectful; regardful. [Obs.] + + With respective shame, rose, took us by the hands. + + +Chapman. + + With thy equals familiar, yet respective. + + +Lord Burleigh. + +Re*spec"tive*ly, adv. 1. As relating to each; particularly; as each +belongs to each; as each refers to each in order; as, let each man +respectively perform his duty. + + The impressions from the objects or the senses do mingle + respectively every one with its kind. + + +Bacon. + +2. Relatively; not absolutely. [Obs.] Sir W. Raleigh. + +3. Partially; with respect to private views. [Obs.] + +4. With respect; regardfully. [Obs.] Shak. + +Re*spect"less (r?*sp?kt"l?s), a. Having no respect; without regard; +regardless. + + Rather than again Endure, respectless, their so moving c&?;ies. + + +Chapman. + +-- Re*spect"less*ness, n. [R.] Shelton. + +Re*spec"tu*ous (r?*sp?k"t?*?s;135), a. 1. Respectful; as, a respectuous +silence. [Obs.] Boyle. + +2. Respectable. [Obs.] Knolles. + +Re*spell" (r?*sp?l"), v. t. To spell again. + +Re*sperse" (r?*sp?rs"), v. t. [L. respersus, p. p. of respergere; pref. +re- re- + spargere to srew, sprinkle.] To sprinkle; to scatter. [Obs.] +Jer. Taylor. + +Re*sper"sion (r?*sp?r"sh?n), n. [L. respersio.] The act of sprinkling +or scattering. [Obs.] + +Re*spir`a*bil"i*ty (r?*sp?r`?*b?l"?*t? or r?s`p?*r?-), n. [Cf. F. +respirabilit&?;.] The quality or state of being respirable; +respirableness. + +Re*spir"a*ble (r?*sp?r"?*b'l or r?s"p?*r?*b'l), a. [Cf. F. respirable.] +Suitable for being breathed; adapted for respiration. -- +Re*spir"a*ble*ness, n. + +Res`pi*ra"tion (r?s`p?*r?"sh?n), n. [L. respiratio: cf. F. respiration. +See Respire.] 1. The act of respiring or breathing again, or catching +one's breath. + +2. Relief from toil or suffering: rest. [Obs.] + + Till the day Appear of respiration to the just And vengeance to the + wicked. + + +Milton. + +3. Interval; intermission. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. + +4. (Physiol.) The act of resping or breathing; the act of taking in and +giving out air; the aggregate of those processes bu which oxygen is +introduced into the system, and carbon dioxide, or carbonic acid, +removed. + +Respiration in the higher animals is divided into: (a) Internal +respiration, or the interchange of oxygen and carbonic acid between the +cells of the body and the bathing them, which in one sense is a process +of nutrition. (b) External respiration, or the gaseous interchange +taking place in the special respiratory organs, the lungs. This +constitutes respiration proper. Gamgee. + +In the respiration of plants oxygen is likewise absorbed and carbonic +acid exhaled, but in the light this process is obscured by another +process which goes on with more vigor, in which the plant inhales and +absorbs carbonic acid and exhales free oxygen. + +Res`pi*ra"tion*al (r?s`p?*r?"sh?n-al), a. Of or pertaining to +respiration; as, respirational difficulties. + +Re*spir"a*tive (r?*sp?*r?*t?v), a. Of or pertaining to respiration; as, +respirative organs. + +Res"pi*ra`tor (r?s"p?*r?`t?r), n. [Cf. F. respirateur.] A divice of +gauze or wire, covering the mouth or nose, to prevent the inhalation of +noxious substances, as dust or smoke. Being warmed by the breath, it +tempers cold air passing through it, and may also be used for the +inhalation of medicated vapors. + +Re*spir"a*to*ry (r?*sp?r"?*t?*r? or r?s"p?*r?-), a. (Physiol.) Of or +pertaining to respiration; serving for respiration; as, the respiratory +organs; respiratory nerves; the respiratory function; respiratory +changes. + +Respiratory foods. (Physiol.) See 2d Note under Food, n., 1. -- +Respiratory tree (Zoöl.), the branched internal gill of certain +holothurians. + +Re*spire" (r?*sp?r), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Respired (-sp?rd"); p. pr. & +vvb. n. Respiring.] [L. respirare, respiratum; pref. re- re- + spirare +to breathe: cf. F. respirer. See Spirit.] 1. To take breath again; +hence, to take rest or refreshment. Spenser. + + Here leave me to respire. + + +Milton. + + From the mountains where I now respire. + + +Byron. + +2. (Physiol.) To breathe; to inhale air into the lungs, and exhale it +from them, successively, for the purpose of maintaining the vitality of +the blood. + +Re*spire", v. t. 1. To breathe in and out; to inspire and expire,, as +air; to breathe. + + A native of the land where I respire The clear air for a while. + + +Byron. + +2. To breathe out; to exhale. [R.] B. Jonson. + +Res"pite (r?s"p?t), n. [OF. respit, F. répit, from L. respectus +respect, regard, delay, in LL., the deferring of a day. See Respect.] +1. A putting off of that which was appointed; a postponement or delay. + + I crave but four day's respite. + + +Shak. + +2. Temporary intermission of labor, or of any process or operation; +interval of rest; pause; delay. "Without more respite." Chaucer. + + Some pause and respite only I require. + + +Denham. + +3. (Law) (a) Temporary suspension of the execution of a capital +offender; reprieve. (b) The delay of appearance at court granted to a +jury beyond the proper term. + +Syn. -- Pause; interval; stop; cessation; delay; postponement; stay; +reprieve. + +Res"pite, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Respited; p. pr. & vb. n. Respiting.] +[OF. respiter, LL. respectare. See Respite, n.] To give or grant a +respite to. Specifically: (a) To delay or postpone; to put off. (b) To +keep back from execution; to reprieve. + + Forty days longer we do respite you. + + +Shak. + +(c) To relieve by a pause or interval of rest. "To respite his day +labor with repast." Milton. + +Res"pite*less, a. Without respite. Baxter. + +{ Re*splen"dence (r?*spl?n"dens), Re*splen"den*cy (-den*s?), } n. [L. +resplendentia.] The quality or state of being resplendent; brilliant +luster; vivid brightness; splendor. + + Son! thou in whom my glory I behold In full resplendence, heir of + all my might. + + +Milton. + + The resplendency of his own almighty goodness. + + +Dr. J. Scott. + +Re*splen"dent (-dent), a. [L. resplendens, -entis, p. pr. of +resplendere to shine brightly; pref. re- re- + splendere to shine. See +Splendid.] Shining with brilliant luster; very bright. -- +Re*splen"dent*ly, adv. + + With royal arras and resplendent gold. + + +Spenser. + +Re*splen"dish*ant (-d?sh*ant), a. Resplendent; brilliant. [R. & Obs.] +Fabyan. + +Re*splen"dish*ing, a. Resplendent. [Obs.] + +Re*split" (r?*spl?t"), v. t. & i. To split again. + +Re*spond" (r?*sp?nd"), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Responded; p. pr. & vb. n. +Responding.] [OF. respondre, F. répondre, fr. L. respondere, responsum; +pref. re- re- + spondere to promise. See Sponsor.] 1. To say somethin +in return; to answer; to reply; as, to respond to a question or an +argument. + +2. To show some effect in return to a force; to act in response; to +accord; to correspond; to suit. + + A new affliction strings a new cord in the heart, which responds to + some new note of complaint within the wide scale of human woe. + + +Buckminster. + + To every theme responds thy various lay. + + +Broome. + +3. To render satisfaction; to be answerable; as, the defendant is held +to respond in damages. [U.S.] + +Syn. -- To answer; reply; rejoin. See Reply. + +Re*spond", v. t. 1. To answer; to reply. + +2. To suit or accord with; to correspond to. [R.] + + For his great deeds respond his speeches great. + + +Fairfax. + +Re*spond", n. 1. An answer; a response. [R.] + +2. (Eccl.) A short anthem sung at intervals during the reading of a +chapter. + +3. (Arch.) A half pier or pillar attached to a wall to support an arch. +Oxf. Gloss. + +{ Re*spond"ence (-?ns), Re*spond"en*cy (- en*s?), } n. The act of +responding; the state of being respondent; an answering. A. Chalmers. + + The angelical soft trembling voice made To the instruments divine + respondence meet. + + +Spenser. + +Re*spond"ent (-ent), a. [L. respondens, p. pr. of respondere.] Disposed +or expected to respond; answering; according; corresponding. + + Wealth respondent to payment and contributions. + + +Bacon. + +Re*spond"ent, n. [Cf. F. répondant.] One who responds. It corresponds +in general to defendant. Specifically: (a) (Law) One who answers in +certain suits or proceedings, generally those which are not according +to the course of the common law, as in equity and admiralty causes, in +petitions for partition, and the like; -- distinquished from appellant. +(b) One who maintains a thesis in reply, and whose province it is to +refute objections, or overthrow arguments; -- distinguished from +opponent. I. Watts. + +<! p. 1228 !> + +||Re`spon*den"ti*a (r?`sp?n*d?n"sh?*?), n. [NL. See Respondence.] +||(Commercial Law) A loan upon goods laden on board a ship. It differs +||from bottomry, which is a loan on the ship itself. Bouvier. + +Re*spon"sal (r?*sp?n"sal), a. Answerable. [Obs.] + +Re*spon"sal, n. [Cf.LL. resposalis.] 1. One who is answerable or +responsible. [Obs.] Barrow. + +2. Response. [Obs.] Brevint. + +Re*sponse" (r?*sp?ns"), n. [OF. response, respons, F. réponse, from L. +responsum, from respondere. See Respond.] 1. The act of responding. + +2. An answer or reply. Specifically: (a) Reply to an objection in +formal disputation. I. Watts. (b) (Eccl.) The answer of the people or +congregation to the priest or clergyman, in the litany and other parts +of divine service. (c) (R.C.Ch.) A kind of anthem sung after the +lessons of matins and some other parts of the office. (d) (Mus.) A +repetition of the given subject in a fugue by another part on the fifth +above or fourth below. Busby. + +Re*sponse"less, a. Giving no response. + +Re*spon`si*bil"i*ty (r?*sp?n`s?*b?l"?*t?), n.; pl. -ties (-t&?;z). [Cf. +F. responsabilité.] 1. The state of being responsible, accountable, or +answerable, as for a trust, debt, or obligation. + +2. That for which anyone is responsible or accountable; as, the +resonsibilities of power. + +3. Ability to answer in payment; means of paying. + +Re*spon"si*ble (r?*sp?n"s?*b'l), a. [Cf. F. responsable. See Respond.] +1. Liable to respond; likely to be called upon to answer; accountable; +answerable; amenable; as, a guardian is responsible to the court for +his conduct in the office. + +2. Able to respond or answer for one's conduct and obligations; +trustworthy, financially or otherwise; as, to have a responsible man +for surety. + +3. Involving responsibility; involving a degree of accountability on +the part of the person concerned; as, a responsible office. + +Syn. -- Accountable; answerable; amenable. + +-- Re*spon"si*ble*ness, n. -- Re*spon"si*bly, adv. + +Re*spon"sion (-sh?n), n. [L. responsio. See Respond.] 1. The act of +answering. [Obs.] + +2. (University of Oxford) The first university examination; -- called +also little go. See under Little, a. + +Re*spon"sive (-s?v), a. [Cf. F. resposif.] 1. That responds; ready or +inclined to respond. + +2. Suited to something else; correspondent. + + The vocal lay responsive to the strings. + + +Pope. + +3. Responsible. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. + +-- Re*spon"sive*ly, adv. -- Re*spon"sive*ness, n. + +Re`spon*so"ri*al (r?`sp?n*s?"r?-al), a. Responsory; antiphonal. J. H. +Newman. + +Re*spon"so*ry (r?*sp?n"s?*r?), a. Containing or making answer; +answering. Johnson. + +Re*spon"so*ry, n.; pl. - ries (-r&?;z). [LL. responsorium.] 1. (Eccl.) +(a) The answer of the people to the priest in alternate speaking, in +church service. (b) A versicle sung in answer to the priest, or as a +refrain. + + Which, if should repeat again, would turn my answers into + responsories, and beget another liturgy. + + +Milton. + +2. (Eccl.) An antiphonary; a response book. + +Rest (r?st), v. t. [For arrest.] To arrest. [Obs.] + +Rest, n. [AS. rest, ræst, rest; akin to D. rust, G. rast. OHG. rasta, +Dan. & Sw. rast rest, repose, Icel. röst the distance between two +resting places, a mole, Goth. rasta a mile, also to Goth. razn house, +Icel. rann, and perhaps to G. ruhe rest, repose, AS. rw, Gr. 'erwh`. +Cf. Ransack.] 1. A state of quiet or repose; a cessation from motion or +labor; tranquillity; as, rest from mental exertion; rest of body or +mind. Chaucer. + + Sleep give thee all his rest! + + +Shak. + +2. Hence, freedom from everything which wearies or disturbs; peace; +security. + + And the land had rest fourscore years. + + +Judges iii. 30. + +3. Sleep; slumber; hence, poetically, death. + + How sleep the brave who sink to rest, By all their country's wishes + blest. + + +Collins. + +4. That on which anything rests or leans for support; as, a rest in a +lathe, for supporting the cutting tool or steadying the work. + + He made narrowed rests round about, that the beams should not be + fastened in the walls of the house. + + +1 Kings vi. 6. + +5. (Anc. Armor) A projection from the right side of the cuirass, +serving to support the lance. + + Their visors closed, their lances in the rest. + + +Dryden. + +6. A place where one may rest, either temporarily, as in an inn, or +permanently, as, in an abode. "Halfway houses and travelers' rests." J. +H. Newman. + + In dust our final rest, and native home. + + +Milton. + + Ye are not as yet come to the rest and to the inheritance which the + Lord your God giveth you. + + +Deut. xii. 9. + +7. (Pros.) A short pause in reading verse; a cæsura. + +8. The striking of a balance at regular intervals in a running account. +"An account is said to be taken with annual or semiannual rests." +Abbott. + +9. A set or game at tennis. [Obs.] + +10. (Mus.) Silence in music or in one of its parts; the name of the +character that stands for such silence. They are named as notes are, +whole, half, quarter,etc. + +Rest house, an empty house for the accomodation of travelers; a +caravansary. [India] -- To set, or To set up, one's rest, to have a +settled determination; -- from an old game of cards, when one so +expressed his intention to stand or rest upon his hand. [Obs.] Shak. +Bacon. + +Syn. -- Cessation; pause; intermission; stop; stay; repose; slumber; +quiet; ease; quietness; stillness; tranquillity; peacefulness; peace. +-- Rest, Repose. Rest is a ceasing from labor or exertion; repose is a +mode of resting which gives relief and refreshment after toil and +labor. The words are commonly interchangeable. + +Rest (rst), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rested; p. pr. & vb. n. Resting.] [AS. +restan. See Rest, n.] 1. To cease from action or motion, especially +from action which has caused weariness; to desist from labor or +exertion. + + God . . . rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had + made. + + +Gen. ii. 2. + + Six days thou shalt do thy work, and on the seventh day thou shalt + rest. + + +Ex. xxiii. 12. + +2. To be free from whanever wearies or disturbs; to be quiet or still. + + There rest, if any rest can harbor there. + + +Milton. + +3. To lie; to repose; to recline; to lan; as, to rest on a couch. + +4. To stand firm; to be fixed; to be supported; as, a column rests on +its pedestal. + +5. To sleep; to slumber; hence, poetically, to be dead. + + Fancy . . . then retries Into her private cell when Nature rests. + + +Milton. + +6. To lean in confidence; to trust; to rely; to repose without anxiety; +as, to rest on a man's promise. + + On him I rested, after long debate, And not without considering, + fixed &?;&?; fate. + + +Dryden. + +7. To be satisfied; to acquiesce. + + To rest in Heaven's determination. + + +Addison. + +To rest with, to be in the power of; to depend upon; as, it rests with +him to decide. + +Rest, v. t. 1. To lay or place at rest; to quiet. + + Your piety has paid All needful rites, to rest my wandering shade. + + +Dryden. + +2. To place, as on a support; to cause to lean. + + Her weary head upon your bosom rest. + + +Waller. + +Rest, n. [F. reste, fr. rester to remain, L. restare to stay back, +remain; pref. re- re- + stare to stand, stay. See Stand, and cf. +Arrest, Restive.] (With the definite article.) 1. That which is left, +or which remains after the separation of a part, either in fact or in +contemplation; remainder; residue. + + Religion gives part of its reward in hand, the present comfort of + having done our duty, and, for the rest, it offers us the best + security that Heaven can give. + + +Tillotson. + +2. Those not included in a proposition or description; the remainder; +others. "Plato and the rest of the philosophers." Bp. Stillingfleet. + + Armed like the rest, the Trojan prince appears. + + +DRyden. + +3. (Com.) A surplus held as a reserved fund by a bank to equalize its +dividends, etc.; in the Bank of England, the balance of assets above +liabilities. [Eng.] + +Syn. -- Remainder; overplus; surplus; remnant; residue; reserve; +others. + +Rest, v. i. [F. rester. See Rest remainder.] To be left; to remain; to +continue to be. + + The affairs of men rest still uncertain. + + +Shak. + +Re*stag"nant (r?*st?g"nant), a. [L. restagnans, p. pr. ] Stagnant; +motionless. [Obs.] Boyle. + +Re*stag"nate (-n?t), v. i. [L. restagnare to overflow.] To stagnate; to +cease to flow. [Obs.] Wiseman. + +Re`stag*na"tion (-n?"sh?n), n. [L. restagnatio aninundation.] +Stagnation. [Obs.] + +Res"tant (r?s"tant), a. [L. restans, p. pr. of restare: cf. F. restant. +See Rest remainder.] (Bot.) Persistent. + +Re*state" (r?*st?t"), v. t. To state anew. Palfrey. + +Res"tau*rant (r?s"t?*r?nt;277), n. [F., fr. restaurer. See Restore.] An +eating house. + +Res"tau*rate (r?s"t?*r?t), v. t. [L. restauratus, p. p. of restaurare. +See Restore.] To restore. [Obs.] + +||Re`stau`ra`teur" (r?`st?`r?`t?r"), n. [F.] The keeper of an eathing +||house or a restaurant. + +Res`tau*ra"tion (r?s`t?*r?"sh?n), n. [LL. restauratio: cf. F. +restauration.] Restoration. [Obs.] Cower. + +Re*stem" (r?*st?m"), v. t. 1. To force back against the current; as, to +restem their backward course. Shak. + +2. To stem, or move against; as, to restem a current. + +Rest"ful (r?st"f?l), a. 1. Being at rest; quiet. Shak. + +2. Giving rest; freeing from toil, trouble, etc. + + Tired with all these, for restful death I cry. + + +Shak. + +-- Rest"ful*ly, adv. -- Rest"ful*ness, n. + +Rest"-har`row (-h?r`r?), n. (Bot.) A European leguminous plant (Ononis +arvensis) with long, tough roots. + +Rest"iff, a. Restive. [Obs.] + +Rest"iff, n. A restive or stubborn horse. [Obs.] + +Rest"iff*ness, n. Restiveness. [Obs.] + +Res"ti*form (r?s"t?*f?rm), a.[L. restis rope + -form.] (Anat.) Formed +like a rope; -- applied especially to several ropelike bundles or +masses of fibers on the dorsal side of the medulla oblongata. + +Rest"i*ly (r?st"?*l?), adv. In a resty manner. [Obs.] + +Re*stinc"tion (r?*st?nk"sh?n), n.[L. restinctio. See Restinguish.] Act +of quenching or extingishing. [Obs.] + +Rest"i*ness (r?st`*n?s), n. The quality or state of being resty; +sluggishness. [Obs.] + + The snake by restiness and lying still all winter. + + +Holland. + +Rest"ing, a. & n. from Rest, v. t. & i. + +Resting spore (Bot.), a spore in certain orders of algæ, which remains +quiescent, retaining its vitality, for long periods of time. C. E. +Bessey. + +Re*stin"guish (r?*st?n"gw?sh), v. t. [L. restinquere, restinctum; pref. +re- re- + stinquere to quench.] To quench or extinguish. [Obs.] R. +Field. + +Res"ti*tute (r?s"t?*t?t), v. t. [L. restitutus, p. p. of restituere; +pref. re- re- + statuere to put, place. See Statute.] To restore to a +former state. [R.] Dyer. + +Res"ti*tute, n. That which is restored or offered in place of +something; a substitute. [R.] + +Res`ti*tu"tion (r?s`t?*t?"sh?n), n. [F. restitution, L. restitutio. See +Restitute, v.] 1. The act of restoring anything to its rightful owner, +or of making good, or of giving an equivalent for any loss, damage, or +injury; indemnification. + + A restitution of ancient rights unto the crown. + + +Spenser. + + He restitution to the value makes. + + +Sandys. + +2. That which is offered or given in return for what has been lost, +injured, or destroved; compensation. + +3. (Physics) The act of returning to, or recovering, a former state; +as, the restitution of an elastic body. + +4. (Med.) The movement of rotetion which usually occurs in childbirth +after the head has been delivered, and which causes the latter to point +towards the side to which it was directed at the beginning of labor. + +Syn. -- Restoration; return; indemnification; reparation; compensation; +amends; remuneration. + +Res"ti*tu`tor (r?s"t?*t?`t?r), n. [L.: cf. F. restituteur.] One who +makes restitution. [R]. + +Rest"ive (r?st"?v), a. [OF. restif, F. rétif, fr. L. restare to stay +back, withstand, resist. See Rest remainder, and cf. Restiff.] . +Unwilling to go on; obstinate in refusing to move forward; stubborn; +drawing back. + + Restive or resty, drawing back, instead of going forward, as some + horses do. + + +E. Philips (1658). + + The people remarked with awe and wonder that the beasts which were + to drag him [Abraham Holmes] to the gallows became restive, and + went back. + + +Macaulay. + +2. Inactive; sluggish. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. + +3. Impatient under coercion, chastisement, or opposition; refractory. + +4. Uneasy; restless; averse to standing still; fidgeting about; -- +applied especially to horses. Trench. + +-- Rest"ive, adv. -- Rest"ive*ness, n. + +Rest"less, a. [AS. restleás.] 1. Never resting; unquiet; uneasy; +continually moving; as, a restless child. Chaucer. "Restless revolution +day by day." Milton. + +2. Not satisfied to be at rest or in peace; averse to repose or quiet; +eager for change; discontented; as, restless schemers; restless +ambition; restless subjects. "Restless at home , and ever prone to +range." Dryden. + +3. Deprived of rest or sleep. + + Restless he passed the remnants of the night. + + +Dryden. + +4. Passed in unquietness; as, the patient has had a restless night. + +5. Not affording rest; as, a restless chair. Cowper. + +Restless thrush. (Zoöl.) See Grinder, 3. + +Syn. -- Unquiet; uneasy; disturbed; disquieted; sleepless; agitated; +unsettled; roving; wandering. + +-- Rest"less*ly, adv.- Rest"less*ness, n. + +Re*stor"a*ble (r?*st?r"?*b'l), a. Admitting of being restored; capable +of being reclaimed; as, restorable land. Swift. -- Re*stor"a*ble*ness, +n. + +Re*stor"al (-al), n. Restoration. [Obs.] Barrow. + +Res`to*ra"tion (r?s`t?*r?"sh?n), n. [OE. restauracion, F. restauration, +fr. L. restauratio. See Restore.] 1. The act of restoring or bringing +back to a former place, station, or condition; the fact of being +restored; renewal; reëstablishment; as, the restoration of friendship +between enemies; the restoration of peace after war. + + Behold the different climes agree, Rejoicing in thy restoration. + + +Dryden. + +2. The state of being restored; recovery of health, strength, etc.; as, +restoration from sickness. + +3. That which is restored or renewed. + +The restoration (Eng. Hist.), the return of King Charles II. in 1660, +and the reëstablishment of monarchy. -- Universal restoration (Theol.), +the final recovery of all men from sin and alienation from God to a +state of happiness; universal salvation. + +Syn. -- Recovery; replacement; renewal; renovation; redintegration; +reinstatement; reëstablishment; return; revival; restitution; +reparation. + +Res`to*ra"tion*er (-?r), n. A Restorationist. + +Res`to*ra"tion*ism (-?z'm), n. The belief or doctrines of the +Restorationists. + +Res`to*ra"tion*ist, n. One who believes in a temporary future +punishment and a final restoration of all to the favor and presence of +God; a Universalist. + +Re*stor"a*tive (r?*st?r"?*t?v), a. [Cf. F. restoratif.] Of or +pertaining to restoration; having power to restore. + + Destroys life's enemy, Hunger, with sweet restorative delight. + + +Milton. + +Re*stor"a*tive, n. Something which serves to restore; especially, a +restorative medicine. Arbuthnot. + +Re*stor"a*tive*ly, adv. In a restorative manner. + +Res"to*ra`tor (r?s"t?*r?`t?r), n. A restaurateur. + +Re*stor"a*to*ry (r?*st?r"?*t?*r?), a. Restorative. [R.] + +Re-store" (r?*st?r"), v. t. [Pref. re- + store.] To store again; as, +the goods taken out were re-stored. + +Re*store" (r?*st?r"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Restored (r?-st?rd"); p. pr. +& vb. n. Restoring.] [OE. restoren, OF. restorer, F. restaurer, fr. L. +restaurare; pref. re- re- + an unused word; cf. Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?; an +upright pale or stake, Skr. sth&?;vara fixed, firm. Cf. Restaurant, +Store.] To bring back to its former state; to bring back from a state +of ruin, decay, disease, or the like; to repair; to renew; to recover. +"To restore and to build Jerusalem." Dan. ix. 25. + + Our fortune restored after the severest afflictions. + + +Prior. + + And his hand was restored whole as the other. + + +Mark iii. 5. + +2. To give or bring back, as that which has been lost., or taken away; +to bring back to the owner; to replace. + + Now therefore restore the man his wife. + + +Gen. xx. 7. + + Loss of Eden, till one greater man Restore us, and regain the + blissful seat. + + +Milton. + + The father banished virtue shall restore. + + +Dryden. + +3. To renew; to reëstablish; as, to restore harmony among those who are +variance. + +4. To give in place of, or as satisfaction for. + + He shall restore five oxen for an ox, and four sheep for a sheep. + + +Ex. xxii. 1. + +<! p. 1229 !> + +5. To make good; to make amends for. + + But if the while I think on thee, dear friend, All losses are + restored, and sorrows end. + + +Shak. + +6. (Fine Arts) (a) To bring back from a state of injury or decay, or +from a changed condition; as, to restore a painting, statue, etc. (b) +To form a picture or model of, as of something lost or mutilated; as, +to restore a ruined building, city, or the like. + +Syn. -- To return; replace; refund; repay; reinstate; rebuild; +reëstablish; renew; repair; revive; recover; heal; cure. + +Re*store" (?), n. Restoration. [Obs.] Spenser. + +Re*store"ment (?), n. Restoration. [Obs.] + +Re*stor"er (?), n. One who, or that which, restores. + +Re*strain" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Restrained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Restraining.] [OE. restreinen, F. restreindre, fr. L. restringere, +restrictum; pref. re- re- + stringere to draw, bind, or press together. +See Strain, v. t., and cf. Restrict.] 1. To draw back again; to hold +back from acting, proceeding, or advancing, either by physical or moral +force, or by any interposing obstacle; to repress or suppress; to keep +down; to curb. + + Restrain in me the cursed thoughts that nature Gives way to in + repose! + + +Shak. + +2. To draw back toghtly, as a rein. [Obs.] Shak. + +3. To hinder from unlimited enjoiment; to abridge. + + Though they two were committed, at least restrained of their + liberty. + + +Clarendon. + +4. To limit; to confine; to restrict. Trench. + + Not only a metaphysical or natural, but a moral, universality also + is to be restrained by a part of the predicate. + + +I. Watts. + +5. To withhold; to forbear. + + Thou restrained prayer before God. + + +Job. xv. 4. + +Syn. -- To check; hinder; stop; withhold; repress; curb; suppress; +coerce; restrict; limit; confine. + +Re*strain"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being restrained; controllable. Sir +T. Browne. + +Re*strain"ed*ly, adv. With restraint. Hammond. + +Re*strain"er (?), n. One who, or that which, restrains. + +Re*strain"ment (?), n. The act of restraining. + +Re*straint" (?), n. [OF. restraincte, fr. restrainct, F. restreint, p. +p. of restraindre, restrendre. See Restrain.] 1. The act or process of +restraining, or of holding back or hindering from motion or action, in +any manner; hindrance of the will, or of any action, physical or +mental. + + No man was altogether above the restrains of law, and no man + altogether below its protection. + + +Macaulay. + +2. The state of being restrained. + +3. That which restrains, as a law, a prohibition, or the like; +limitation; restriction. + + For one restraint, lords of the world besides. + + +Milton. + +Syn. -- Repression; hindrance; check; stop; curb;&?;oercion; +confinement; limitation; restriction. + +Re*strength"en (?), v. t. To strengthen again; to fortify anew. + +Re*strict" (?), a. [L. restrictus, p. p. of restringere. See Restrain.] +Restricted. [Obs.] + +Re*strict", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Restricted; p. pr. & vb. n. +Restricting.] To restrain within bounds; to limit; to confine; as, to +restrict worlds to a particular meaning; to restrict a patient to a +certain diet. + +Syn. -- To limit; bound; circumscribe; restrain; repress; curb; coerce. + +Re*stric"tion (?), n. [F. restriction, L. restrictio.] 1. The act of +restricting, or state of being restricted; confinement within limits or +bounds. + + This is to have the same restriction with all other + recreations,that it be made a divertisement. + + +Giv. of Tonque. + +2. That which restricts; limitation; restraint; as, restrictions on +trade. + +Re*stric"tion*a*ry (?), a. Restrictive. [R.] + +Re*strict"ive (?), a. [Cf. F. restrictif.] + +1. Serving or tending to restrict; limiting; as, a restrictive +particle; restrictive laws of trade. + +2. Astringent or styptic in effect. [Obs.] Wiseman. + +--Re*strict"ive*ly, adv. -- Re*strict"ive*ness, n. + +Re*stringe" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Restringed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Restringing (?).] [L. restringere. See Restrain.] To confine; to +contract; to stringe. [Obs.] + +Re*strin"gen*cy (?), n. Quality or state of being restringent; +astringency. [Obs.] Sir W. Petty. + +Re*strin"gent (?), a. [L. restringens, p. pr.: cf. F. restringent.] +Restringing; astringent; styptic. [Obs.] -- n. A restringent medicine. +[Obs.] Harvey. + +Re*strive" (?), v. i. To strive anew. + +Rest"y (?), a. Disposed to rest; indisposed toexercton; sluggish; also, +restive. [Obs.] Burton. + + Where the master is too resty or too rich to say his own prayers. + + +Milton. + +Re`sub*jec"tion, n. A second subjection. + +Re`sub*lime" (?), v. t. To sublime again. Newton. -- Re*sub`li*ma"tion +(#), n. + +Re`su*da"tion (?), n. [L. resudare to sweat again. See Sudation.] Act +of sweating again. + +Re*sult" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Resulted; p. pr. & vb. n. Resulting.] +[F. résulter, fr. L. resultare, resultarum, to spring or leap back, v. +intens. fr. resilire. See Resile.] 1. To leap back; to rebound. [Obs.] + + The huge round stone, resulting with a bound. + + +Pope. + +2. To come out, or have an issue; to terminate; to have consequences; +-- followed by in; as, this measure will result in good or in evil. + +3. To proceed, spring, or rise, as a consequence, from facts, +arguments, premises, combination of circumstances, consultation, +thought, or endeavor. + + Pleasure and peace do naturally result from a holy and good life. + + +Tillotson. + +Resulting trust (Law), a trust raised by implication for the benefit of +a party granting an estate. The phrase is also applied to a trust +raised by implication for the benefit of a party who advances the +purchase money of an estate, etc. Bouvier. -- Resulting use (Law), a +use which, being limited by the deed, expires or can not vest, and +thence returns to him who raised it. Bouvier. + +Syn. -- To proceed; spring; rise; arise; ensue; terminate. + +Re*sult" (?), n. 1. A flying back; resilience. [Obs.] + + Sound is produced between the string and the air by the return or + the result of the string. + + +Bacon. + +2. That which results; the conclusion or end to which any course or +condition of things leads, or which is obtained by any process or +operation; consequence or effect; as, the result of a course of action; +the result of a mathematical operation. + + If our proposals once again were heard, We should compel them to a + quick result. + + +Milton. + +3. The decision or determination of a council or deliberative assembly; +a resolve; a decree. + + Then of their session ended they bid cry With trumpet's regal sound + the great result. + + +Milton. + +Syn. -- Effect; consequence; conclusion; inference; issue; event. See +Effect. + +Re*sult"ance (?), n. The act of resulting; that which results; a +result. Donne. + +Re*sult"ant (?), a. [L. resultans, p. pr. : cf. F. résultant.] +Resulting or issuing from a combination; existing or following as a +result or consequence. + +Resultant force or motion (Mech.), a force which is the result of two +or more forces acting conjointly, or a motion which is the result of +two or more motions combined. See Composition of forces, under +Composition. + +Re*sult"ant, n. That which results. Specifically: (a) (Mech.) A +reultant force or motion. (b) (Math.) An eliminant. + + The resultant of homogeneous general functions of n variables is + that function of their coefficients which, equaled to zero, + expresses in the simplest terms the condition of the possibility of + their existence. + + +Sylvester. + +Re*sult"ate (?), n. [L. resultatus, p. p. ] A result. [Obs.] "The +resultate of their counsil." BAcon. + +Re*sult"ful (?), a. HAving results or effects. + +Re*sult"ive (?), a. Resultant. [Obs.] Fuller. + +Re*sult"less, a. Being without result; as, resultless investigations. + +Re*sum"a*ble (?), a. Capable of, or admitting of, being resumed. Sir M. +HAle. + +||Re`su"mé" (?), n. [F. See Resume.] A summing up; a condensed +||statement; an abridgment or brief recapitulation. + + The exellent little résumé thereof in Dr. Landsborough's book. + + +C. Kingsley. + +Re*sume" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Resumed (?);p. pr. & vb. n. +Resuming.] [L. resumere, resumptum; pref. re- re- + sumere to take: +cf. F. résumer. See Assume, Redeem.] 1. To take back. + + The sun, like this, from which our sight we have, Gazed on too + long, resumes the light he gave. + + +Denham. + + Perhaps God will resume the blessing he has bestowed ere he attains + the age of manhood. + + +Sir W. Scott. + +2. To enter upon, or take up again. + + Reason resumed her place, and Passion fled. + + +Dryden. + +3. To begin again; to recommence, as something which has been +interrupted; as, to resume an argument or discourse. + +Re*sum"mon (?), v. t. To summon again. + +Re*sum"mons (?), n. A second summons. + +Re*sump"tion (?), n. [cf. F. résumption, L. resumptio restoration, +recovery, fr. resumere. See Resume.] 1. The act of resuming; as, the +resumption of a grant, of delegated powers, of an argument, of specie +payments, etc. + +2. (Eng.Law) The taking again into the king's hands of such lands or +tenements as he had granted to any man on false suggestions or other +error. + +Re*sump"tive (?), a. [cf. L. resumptivus restorative.] Taking back; +resuming, or tending toward resumption; as, resumptive measures. + +Re*su"pi*nate (?), a. [L. resupinatus, p. p. of resupinare to bend +back. See Resupine.] Inverted in position; appearing to be upside down +or reversed, as the flowers of the orchis and the leaves of some +plants. + +Re*su"pi*na`ted (?), a. Resupinate. + +Re*su`pi*na"tion (?), n. The state of luing on the back; the state of +being resupinate, or reversed. + + Our Vitruvius calleth this affection in the eye a resupination of + the figure. + + +Sir H. Wotton. + +Re`su*pine" (?), a. [L. resupinus; pref. re- re- + supinus bent +backward, supine.] Lying on the back; supine; hence, careless. Sir K. +Digby. + + He spake, and, downward swayed, fell resupine, With his huge neck + aslant. + + +Cowper. + +Re`sup*ply" (?), v. t. To supply again. + +Re*sur"gence (?), n. The act of rising again; resurrection. + +Re*sur"gent (?), a. [L. resurgens, -entis, p. pr. of resurgere. See +Resurrection.] Rising again, as from the dead. Coleridge. + +Re*sur"gent, n. One who rises again, as from the dead. [R.] Sydney +Smith. + +Res`ur*rect" (?), v. t. [See Resurrection.] 1. To take from the grave; +to disinter. [Slang] + +2. To reanimate; to restore to life; to bring to view (that which was +forgotten or lost). [Slang] + +Res`ur*rec"tion (?), n. [F. résurrection, L. resurrectio, fr. +resurgere, resurrectum, to rise again; pref. re- re- + surgere to rise. +See Source.] 1. A rising again; the resumption of vigor. + +2. Especially, the rising again from the dead; the resumption of life +by the dead; as, the resurrection of Jesus Christ; the general +resurrection of all the dead at the Day of Judgment. + + Nor after resurrection shall he stay Longer on earth. + + +Milton. + +3. State of being risen from the dead; future state. + + In the resurrection they neither marry nor are given in marriage. + + +Matt. xxii. 30. + +4. The cause or exemplar of a rising from the dead. + + I am the resurrection, and the life. + + +John xi. 25. + +Cross of the resurrection, a slender cross with a pennant floating from +the junction of the bars. -- Resurrection plant (Bot.), a name given to +several species of Selaginella (as S. convoluta and S. lepidophylla), +flowerless plants which, when dry, close up so as to resemble a bird's +nest, but revive and expand again when moistened. The name is sometimes +also given to the rose of Jericho. See under Rose. + +Res`ur*rec"tion*ist (?), n. One who steals bodies from the grave, as +for dissection. [Slang] + +Res`ur*rec"tion*ize (?), v. t. To raise from the dead. [R.] Southey. + +Re`sur*vey" (?), v. t. To survey again or anew; to review. Shak. + +Re*sur"vey (?), n. A second or new survey. + +Re*sus"ci*ta*ble (?), a. Capable of resuscitation; as, resuscitable +plants. Boyle. + +Re*sus"ci*tant (?), n. One who, or that which resuscitates. Also used +adjectively. + +Re*sus"ci*tate (?), a. [L. resuscitatus, p. p. of resuscitare; pref. +re- re- + suscitare to raise, rouse. See Suscitate.] Restored to life. +[R.] Bp. Gardiner. + +Re*sus"ci*tate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Resuscitated (?);p. pr. & vb. +n. Resuscitating.] To revivify; to revive; especially, to recover or +restore from apparent death; as, to resuscitate a drowned person; to +resuscitate withered plants. + +Re*sus"ci*tate, v. i. To come to life again; to revive. + + These projects, however often slain, always resuscitate. + + +J. S. Mill. + +Re*sus`ci*ta"tion (?), n. [L. resuscitatio.] The act of resuscitating, +or state of being resuscitated. + + The subject of resuscitation by his sorceries. + + +Sir W. Scott. + +Re*sus"ci*ta*tive (?), a. Tending to resuscitate; reviving; +revivifying. + +Re*sus"ci*ta`tor (?), n. [L.] One who, or that which, resuscitates. + +Ret (?), v. t. See Aret. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Ret, v. t. [Akin to rot.] To prepare for use, as flax, by separating +the fibers from the woody part by process of soaking, macerating, and +other treatment. Ure. + +Re*ta"ble (?), n. (Eccl.) A shelf behind the altar, for display of +lights, vases of wlowers, etc. + +Re"tail (?), n. [F. retaille piece cut off, shred, paring, or OF. +retail, from retailler. See Retail, v.] The sale of commodities in +small quantities or parcels; -- opposed to wholesale; sometimes, the +sale of commodities at second hand. + +Re"tail, a. Done at retail; engaged in retailing commodities; as a +retail trade; a retail grocer. + +Re*tail" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Retailed (?);p. pr. & vb. n. +Retailing.] [Cf. F. retailler to cut again; pref. re- re + tailler to +cut. See Retail, n., Tailor, and cf. Detail.] 1. To sell in small +quantities, as by the single yard, pound, gallon, etc.; to sell +directly to the consumer; as, to retail cloth or groceries. + +2. To sell at second hand. [Obs. or R.] Pope. + +3. To distribute in small portions or at second hand; to tell again or +to many (what has been told or done); to report; as, to retail slander. +"To whom I will retail my conquest won." Shak. + + He is wit's peddler, and retails his wares At wakes and wassails. + + +Shak. + +Re*tail"er (?), n. One who retails anything; as, a retailer of +merchandise; a retailer of gossip. + +Re*tail"ment (?), n. The act of retailing. + +Re*tain" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Retained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Retaining.] [F. retainir, L. retinere; pref. re- re- + tenere to hold, +keep. See Tenable, and cf. Rein of a bridle, Retention, Retinue.] 1. To +continue to hold; to keep in possession; not to lose, part with, or +dismiss; to retrain from departure, escape, or the like. "Thy shape +invisibleretain." Shak. + + Be obedient, and retain Unalterably firm his love entire. + + +Milton. + + An executor may retain a debt due to him from the testator. + + +Blackstone. + +2. To keep in pay; to employ by a preliminary fee paid; to hire; to +engage; as, to retain a counselor. + + A Benedictine convent has now retained the most learned father of + their order to write in its defense. + + +Addison. + +3. To restrain; to prevent. [Obs.] Sir W. Temple. + +Retaining wall (Arch. & Engin.), a wall built to keep any movable +backing, or a bank of sand or earth, in its place; -- called also +retain wall. + +Syn. -- To keep; hold; retrain. See Keep. + +Re*tain", v. i. 1. To belong; to pertain. [Obs.] + + A somewhat languid relish, retaining to bitterness. + + +Boyle. + +2. To keep; to continue; to remain. [Obs.] Donne. + +Re*tain"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being retained. + +Re*tain"al (?), n. The act of retaining; retention. + +Re*tain"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, retains. + +2. One who is retained or kept in service; an attendant; an adherent; a +hanger-on. + +3. Hence, a servant, not a domestic, but occasionally attending and +wearing his master's livery. Cowell. + +4. (Law) (a) The act of a client by which he engages a lawyer or +counselor to manage his cause. (b) The act of withholding what one has +in his hands by virtue of some right. (c) A fee paid to engage a lawyer +or counselor to maintain a cause, or to prevent his being employed by +the opposing party in the case; -- called also retaining fee. Bouvier. +Blackstone. + +<! p. 1230 !> + +5. The act of keeping dependents, or the state of being in dependence. +Bacon. + +Re*tain"ment (?), n. The act of retaining; retention. Dr. H. More. + +Re*take" (?), v. t. 1. To take or receive again. + +2. To take from a captor; to recapture; as, to retake a ship or +prisoners. + +Re*tak"er (?), n. One who takes again what has been taken; a recaptor. +Kent. + +Re*tal"i*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Retaliated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Retaliating.] [L. retaliatus, p. p. of retaliare to retaliate; pref. +re- re- + a word akin to talio talion, retaliation. Cf. Talion.] To +return the like for; to repay or requite by an act of the same kind; to +return evil for (evil). [Now seldom used except in a bad sense.] + + One ambassador sent word to the duke's son that his visit should be + retaliated. + + +Sir T. Herbert. + + It is unlucky to be obliged to retaliate the injuries of authors, + whose works are so soon forgotten that we are in danger of + appearing the first aggressors. + + +Swift. + +Re*tal"i*ate, v. i. To return like for like; specifically, to return +evil for evil; as, to retaliate upon an enemy. + +Re*tal`i*a"tion (?), n. The act of retaliating, or of returning like +for like; retribution; now, specifically, the return of evil for evil; +e.g., an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth. + + God . . . takes what is done to others as done to himself, and by + promise obloges himself to full retaliation. + + +Calamy. + +Syn. -- Requital; reprisal; retribution; punishment. + +Re*tal"i*a*tive (?), a. Same as Retaliatory. + +Re*tal"i*a*to*ry (?), a. Tending to, or involving, retaliation; +retaliative; as retaliatory measures. + +Re*tard" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Retarded; p. pr. & vb. n. Retarding.] +[L. retardare, retardatum; pref. re- re- + tardare to make slow, to +delay, fr. tardus slow: cf. F. retarder. See Tardy.] 1. To keep +delaying; to continue to hinder; to prevent from progress; to render +more slow in progress; to impede; to hinder; as, to retard the march of +an army; to retard the motion of a ship; -- opposed to accelerate. + +2. To put off; to postpone; as, to retard the attacks of old age; to +retard a rupture between nations. + +Syn. -- To impede; hinder; obstruct; detain; delay; procrastinate; +postpone; defer. + +Re*tard", v. i. To stay back. [Obs.] Sir. T. Browne. + +Re*tard", n. Retardation; delay. + +Retard, or Age, of the tide, the interval between the transit of the +moon at which a tide originates and the appearance of the tide itself. +It is found, in general, that any particular tide is not principally +due to the moon's transit immediately proceeding, but to a transit +which has occured some time before, and which is said to correspond to +it. The retard of the tide is thus distinguished from the lunitidal +interval. See under Retardation. Ham. Nav. Encyc. + +Re`tar*da"tion (?), n. [L. retardatio: cf. F. retardation.] 1. The act +of retarding; hindrance; the act of delaying; as, the retardation of +the motion of a ship; -- opposed to acceleration. + + The retardations of our fluent motion. + + +De Quinsey. + +2. That which retards; an obstacle; an obstruction. + + Hills, sloughs, and other terrestrial retardations. + + +Sir W. Scott. + +3. (Mus.) The keeping back of an approaching consonant chord by +prolonging one or more tones of a previous chord into the intermediate +chord which follows; -- differing from suspension by resolving upwards +instead of downwards. + +4. The extent to which anything is retarded; the amount of retarding or +delay. + +Retardation of the tide. (a) The lunitidal interval, or the hour angle +of the moon at the time of high tide any port; the interval between the +transit of the moon and the time of high tide next following. (b) The +age of the tide; the retard of the tide. See under Retard, n. + +Re*tard"a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. retardatif.] Tending, or serving, to +retard. + +Re*tard"er (?), n. One who, or that which, retards. + +Re*tard"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. retardement.] The act of retarding; +retardation. Cowley. + +Retch (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Retched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Retching.] +[AS. hr&?;can to clear the throat, hawk, fr. hraca throat; akin to G. +rachen, and perhaps to E. rack neck.] To make an effort to vomit; to +strain, as in vomiting. [Written also reach.] + + Beloved Julia, hear me still beseeching! (Here he grew inarticulate + with retching.) + + +Byron. + +Retch, v. t. & i. [See Reck.] To care for; to heed; to reck. [Obs.] +Chaucer. + +Retch"less, a. Careless; reckless. [Obs.] Dryden. + +--- Retch"less*ly, adv. -- Retch"less*ness, n. [Obs.] + +||Re"te (?), n. [L., a net.] (Anat.) A net or network; a plexus; +||particularly, a network of blood vessels or nerves, or a part +||resembling a network. + +Re*te"cious (?), a. [L. rete a net.] Resembling network; retiform. + +Re*tec"tion (?), n. [L. retegere, retectum, to uncover; pref. re- + +tegere to cover.] Act of disclosing or uncovering something concealed. +[Obs.] Boyle. + +Re*tell (?), v. t. To tell again. + +Ret"ene (?), n. [Gr. &?;&?;&?; pine resin.] (Chem.) A white crystalline +hydrocarbon, polymeric with benzene. It is extracted from pine tar, and +is also found in certain fossil resins. + +Re*tent" (?), n. [L. retentum, fr. retentus, p. p. See Retain.] That +which is retained. Hickok. + +Re*ten"tion (?), n. [L. retentio: cf. F. rétention. See Retain.] 1. The +act of retaining, or the state of being ratined. + +2. The power of retaining; retentiveness. + + No woman's heart So big, to hold so much; they lack retention. + + +Shak. + +3. That which contains something, as a tablet; a &?;&?;&?;&?; of +preserving impressions. [R.] Shak. + +4. The act of withholding; retraint; reserve. Shak. + +5. Place of custody or confinement. + +6. (Law) The right of withholding a debt, or of retaining property +until a debt due to the person claiming the right be duly paid; a lien. +Erskine. Craig. + +Retention cyst (Med.), a cyst produced by obstruction of a duct leading +from a secreting organ and the consequent retention of the natural +secretions. + +Re*ten"tive (?), a. [Cf. F. rétentif.] Having power to retain; as, a +retentive memory. + + Nor airless dungeon, nor strong links of iron, Can be retentive to + the strength of spirit. + + +Shak. + +Re*ten"tive, n. That which retains or confines; a restraint. [R.] Bp. +Hall. + +Re*ten"tive*ly, adv. In a retentive manner. + +Re*ten"tive*ness, n. The quality of being retentive. + +Re`ten*tiv"i*ty (?), n. The power of retaining; retentive force; as, +the retentivity of a magnet. + +||Re*ten"tor (?), n. [L., a retainer.] (Zoöl.) A muscle which serves to +||retain an organ or part in place, esp. when retracted. See Illust. of +||Phylactolemata. + +Re`te*pore (?), n. [L. rete a net + porus pore.] (Zoöl.) Any one of +several species of bryozoans of the genus Retepora. They form delicate +calcareous corals, usually composed of thin fenestrated fronds. + +Re*tex" (?), v. t. [L. retexere, lit., to unweave; pref. re- re + +texere to weave. ] To annual, as orders. [Obs.] Bp. Hacket. + +Re*tex"ture (?), n. The act of weaving or forming again. Carlyle. + +Reth"or (?), n. [Cf. F. rhéteur. See Rhetor.] A rhetorician; a careful +writer. [Obs.] + + If a rethor couthe fair endite. + + +Chaucer. + +Reth"o*ryke (?), n. Rhetoric. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +||Re`ti*a"ri*us (?), n. [L., fr. rete a net.] (Rom.Antiq.) A gladiator +||armed with a net for entangling his adversary and a trident for +||despatching him. + +Re"ti*a*ry (?), n. [See Retiarius.] 1. (Zoöl.) Any spider which spins +webs to catch its prey. + +2. A retiarius. + +Re`ti*a*ry, a. [Cf. LL. retiarius.] 1. Netlike. + + This work is in retiary, or hanging textures. + + +Sir T. Browne. + +2. Constructing or using a web, or net, to catch prey; -- said of +certain spiders. + +3. Armed with a net; hence, skillful to entangle. + + Scholastic retiary versatility of logic. + + +Coleridge. + +Ret"i*cence (?), n. [L. reticentia: cf. F. réticence.] 1. The quality +or state of being reticent, or keeping silence; the state of holding +one's tonque; refraining to speak of that which is suggested; +uncommunicativeness. + + Such fine reserve and noble reticence. + + +Tennyson. + +2. (Rhet.) A figure by which a person really speaks of a thing while he +makes a show as if he would say nothingon the subject. + +Ret"i*cen*cy (?), n. Reticence. + +Ret"i*cent (?), a. [L. reticens, p. pr. of reticere to keep silence; +re- + tacere to be silent. See Tacit.] Inclined to keep silent; +reserved; uncommunicative. + +Ret"i*cle (?), n. [See Reticule.] 1. A small net. + +2. A reticule. See Reticule, 2. [R.] + +Re*tic"u*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. réticulaire. See Reticule.] 1. Having the +form of a net, or of network; formed with interstices; retiform; as, +reticular cartilage; a reticular leaf. + +2. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to a reticulum. + +||Re*tic`u*la"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Reticular.] (Zoöl.) An +||extensive division of rhizopods in which the pseudopodia are more or +||less slender and coalesce at certain points, forming irregular +||meshes. It includes the shelled Foraminifera, together with some +||groups which lack a true shell. + +Re*tic`u*la"ri*an (?), n. (Zoöl). One of the Reticularia. + +Re*tic"u*lar*ly, adv. In a reticular manner. + +{ Re*tic"u*late (?), Re*tic"u*la`ted (?) }, a. [L. reticulatus. See +Reticule.] 1. Resembling network; having the form or appearance of a +net; netted; as, a reticulated structure. + +2. Having veins, fibers, or lines crossing like the threads or fibers +of a network; as, a reticulate leaf; a reticulated surface; a +reticulated wing of an insect. + +Reticulated glass, ornamental ware made from glass in which one set of +white or colored lines seems to meet and interlace with another set in +a different plane. -- Reticulated micrometer, a micrometer for an +optical instrument, consisting of a reticule in the focus of an +eyepiece. -- Reticulated work (Masonry), work constructed with +diamond-shaped stones, or square stones placed diagonally. + +Re*tic`u*la"tion (?), n. The quality or state of being reticulated, or +netlike; that which is reticulated; network; an organization resembling +a net. + + The particular net you occupy in the great reticulation. + + +Carlyle. + +Ret"i*cule (?), n.. [F. réticule, L. reticulum, dim. of rete a net. +Cf.Retina, Reticle.] 1. A little bag, originally of network; a woman's +workbag, or a little bag to be carried in the hand. De Quincey. + +2. A system of wires or lines in the focus of a telescope or other +instrument; a reticle. + +||Re*tic`u*lo"sa (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) Same as Reticularia. + +Re*tic"u*lose` (?), a. Forming a network; characterized by a +reticulated sructure. + +Reticulose rhizopod (Zoöl.), a rhizopod in which the pseudopodia blend +together and form irregular meshes. + +||Re*tic"u*lum (?), n.;pl. Reticula (#). [L. dim. of rete a net.] +||(Anat.) (a) The second stomach of ruminants, in which folds of the +||mucous membrane form hexagonal cells; -- also called the honeycomb +||stomach. (b) The neuroglia. + +Ret"i*form (?), a. [L. rete a net + -form. cf. F. rétiforme.] Composed +of crossing lines and interstices; reticular; netlike; as, the retiform +coat of the eye. + +Ret"i*na (?), n. [NL., from L. rete a net. Cf. Reticule.] (Anat.) The +delicate membrane by which the back part of the globe of the eye is +lined, and in which the fibers of the optic nerve terminate. See Eye. + +The fibers of the optic nerve and the retinal blood vessels spread out +upon the front surface of the retina, while the sensory layer (called +Jacob's membrane), containing the rods and cones, is on the back side, +next the choroid coat. + +||Ret`i*nac"u*lum (?), n.; pl. Retinacula (#). [L., a holdfast, a band. +||See Retain.] 1. (Anat.) (a) A connecting band; a frænum; as, the +||retinacula of the ileocæcal and ileocolic valves. (b) One of the +||annular ligaments which hold the tendons close to the bones at the +||larger joints, as at the wrist and ankle. + +2. (Zoöl) One of the retractor muscles of the proboscis of certain +worms. + +3. (Bot.) A small gland or process to which bodies are attached; as, +the glandular retinacula to which the pollinia of orchids are attached, +or the hooks which support the seeds in many acanthaceous plants. + +Ret"i*nal (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the retina. + +Retinal purple (Physiol. Chem.), the visual purple. + +Re*tin"a*lite (?), n. [Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?; resin + -lite.] (Min.) A +translucent variety of serpentine, of a honey yellow or greenish yellow +color, having a waxy resinlike luster. + +{ Ret`in*as"phalt (?), ||Ret`in*as*phal"tum (?), } n. [Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?; +resin + &?;&?;&?;&?;&?; asphalt.] (Min.) Retinite. + +Ret"i*nerved` (?), a. [L. rete a net + E. nerve.] (Bot.) Having +reticulated veins. + +||Ret`i*ne"um (?), n.; pl. Retinea (#). [NL. See Retina.] (Zoöl.) That +||part of the eye of an invertebrate which corresponds in function with +||the retina of a vertebrate. + +Re*tin"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?; resin.] (Min. Chem.) Of or +pertaining to resin; derived from resin; specifically, designating an +acid found in certain fossil resins and hydrocarbons. + +Ret"i*nite (?), n. [Gr.&?;&?;&?; resin: cf. F. rétinite.] (Min.) An +inflammable mineral resin, usually of a yellowish brown color, found in +roundish masses, sometimes with coal. + +Ret`i*ni"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. NL. & E. retina + -tis.] (Med.) +Inflammation of the retina. + +Ret"i*noid (?), a. [Gr. &?;&?;&?; resin + -oid.] Resinlike, or +resinform; resembling a resin without being such. + +Ret"i*nol (?), n. [Gr. &?;&?;&?; resin + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.) A +hydrocarbon oil obtained by the distillation of resin, -- used in +printer's ink. + +||Ret`i*noph"o*ra (?), n.; pl. Retiniphoræ (#). [NL., fr. NL. & E. +||retina + Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?; to bear.] (Zoöl.) One of group of two to +||four united cells which occupy the axial part of the ocelli, or +||ommatidia, of the eyes of invertebrates, and contain the terminal +||nerve fibrillæ. See Illust. under Ommatidium. + +Ret`i*noph"o*ral (?), a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to retinophoræ. + +Ret`i*nos"co*py (?), n. [Retina + -scopy.] (Physiol.) The study of the +retina of the eye by means of the ophthalmoscope. + +Ret"i*nue (?), n. [OE. retinue, OF. retinue, fr. retenir to retain, +engage, hire. See Retain.] The body of retainers who follow a prince or +other distinguished person; a train of attendants; a suite. + + Others of your insolent retinue. + + +Shak. + + What followers, what retinue canst thou gain? + + +Milton. + +To have at one's retinue, to keep or employ as a retainer; to retain. +[Obs.] Chaucer. + +||Re*tin"u*la (?), n.; pl. Retinulæ (#). [NL., dim. of NL. & E. +||retina.] (Zoöl.) One of the group of pigmented cells which surround +||the retinophoræ of invertebrates. See Illust. under Ommatidium. + +Re*tin"u*late (?), a. (Zoöl.) Having, or characterized by, retinul&?;. + +Ret`i*ped (?), n. [L. rete a net + pes, pedis, a foot: cf. F. +rétinopède.] (Zoöl.) A bird having small polygonal scales covering the +tarsi. + +Re*tir"a*cy (?), n. Retirement; -- mostly used in a jocose or burlesque +way. [U.S.] Bartlett. + + What one of our great men used to call dignified retiracy. + + +C. A. Bristed. + +Ret`i*rade" (?), n. [F.; cf. Sp. retirada retreat. See Retire.] (Fort.) +A kind of retrenchment, as in the body of a bastion, which may be +disputed inch by inch after the defenses are dismantled. It usually +consists of two faces which make a reëntering angle. + +Re*tire" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Retired (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Retiring.] [F. retirer; pref. re- re- + tirer to draw. See Tirade.] 1. +To withdraw; to take away; -- sometimes used reflexively. + + He . . . retired himself, his wife, and children into a forest. + + +Sir P. Sidney. + + As when the sun is present all the year, And never doth retire his + golden ray. + + +Sir J. Davies. + +<! p. 1231 !> + +2. To withdraw from circulation, or from the market; to take up and +pay; as, to retire bonds; to retire a note. + +3. To cause to retire; specifically, to designate as no longer +qualified for active service; to place on the retired list; as, to +retire a military or naval officer. + +Re*tire" (?), v. i. 1. To go back or return; to draw back or away; to +keep aloof; to withdraw or retreat, as from observation; to go into +privacy; as, to retire to his home; to retire from the world, or from +notice. + + To Una back he cast him to retire. + + +Spenser. + + The mind contracts herself, and shrinketh in, And to herself she + gladly doth retire. + + +Sir J. Davies. + +2. To retreat from action or danger; to withdraw for safety or +pleasure; as, to retire from battle. + + Set Uriah in the forefront of the hottest battle, and retire ye + from him, that he may be smitten, and die. + + +2 Sam. xi. 15. + +3. To withdraw from a public station, or from business; as, having made +a large fortune, he retired. + + And from Britannia's public posts retire. + + +Addison. + +4. To recede; to fall or bend back; as, the shore of the sea retires in +bays and gulfs. + +5. To go to bed; as, he usually retires early. + +Syn. -- To withdraw; leave; depart; secede; recede; retreat; retrocede. + +Re*tire", n. 1. The act of retiring, or the state of being retired; +also, a place to which one retires. [Obs.] + + The battle and the retire of the English succors. + + +Bacon. + + [Eve] discover'd soon the place of her retire. + + +Milton. + +2. (Mil.) A call sounded on a bugle, announcing to skirmishers that +they are to retire, or fall back. + +Re*tired" (?), a. 1. Private; secluded; quiet; as, a retired life; a +person of retired habits. + + A retired part of the peninsula. + + +Hawthorne. + +2. Withdrawn from active duty or business; as, a retired officer; a +retired physician. + +Retired flank (Fort.), a flank bent inward toward the rear of the work. +-- Retired list (Mil. & Naval), a list of officers, who, by reason of +advanced age or other disability, are relieved from active service, but +still receive a specified amount of pay from the government. + +-- Re*tired"ly, adv. -- Re*tired"ness, n. + +Re*tire"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. retirement.] 1. The act of retiring, or +the state of being retired; withdrawal; seclusion; as, the retirement +of an officer. + + O, blest Retirement, friend of life's decline. + + +Goldsmith. + + Retirement, rural quiet, friendship, books. + + +Thomson. + +2. A place of seclusion or privacy; a place to which one withdraws or +retreats; a private abode. [Archaic] + + This coast full of princely retirements for the sumptousness of + their buildings and nobleness of the plantations. + + +Evelyn. + + Caprea had been the retirement of Augustus. + + +Addison. + +Syn. -- Solitude; withdrawment; departure; retreat; seclusion; privacy. +See Solitude. + +Re*tir"er (?), n. One who retires. + +Re*tir"ing, a. 1. Reserved; shy; not forward or obtrusive; as, retiring +modesty; retiring manners. + +2. Of or pertaining to retirement; causing retirement; suited to, or +belonging to, retirement. + +Retiring board (Mil.), a board of officers who consider and report upon +the alleged incapacity of an officer for active service. -- Retiring +pension, a pension granted to a public officer on his retirement from +office or service. + +Ret"i*stene (?), n. (Chem.) A white crystalline hydrocarbon produced +indirectly from retene. + +||Ret`i*te"læ (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. rete a net + tela a web.] (Zoöl.) A +||group of spiders which spin irregular webs; -- called also +||Retitelariæ. + +Re*told" (?), imp. & p. p. of Retell. + +Re*tor"sion (?), n. Same as Retortion. + +Re*tort" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Retorted; p. pr. & vb. n. Retorting.] +[L. retortus, p. p. of retorquere; pref. re- re- + torquere to turn +twist. See Torsion, and cf. Retort, n., 2.] 1. To bend or curve back; +as, a retorted line. + + With retorted head, pruned themselves as they floated. + + +Southey. + +2. To throw back; to reverberate; to reflect. + + As when his virtues, shining upon others, Heat them and they retort + that heat again To the first giver. + + +Shak. + +3. To return, as an argument, accusation, censure, or incivility; as, +to retort the charge of vanity. + + And with retorted scorn his back he turned. + + +Milton. + +Re*tort", v. i. To return an argument or a charge; to make a severe +reply. Pope. + +Re*tort", n. [See Retort, v. t.] 1. The return of, or reply to, an +argument, charge, censure, incivility, taunt, or witticism; a quick and +witty or severe response. + + This is called the retort courteous. + + +Shak. + +2. [F. retorte (cf. Sp. retorta), fr. L. retortus, p. p. of retorquere. +So named from its bent shape. See Retort, v. t.] (Chem. & the Arts) A +vessel in which substances are subjected to distillation or +decomposition by heat. It is made of different forms and materials for +different uses, as a bulb of glass with a curved beak to enter a +receiver for general chemical operations, or a cylinder or semicylinder +of cast iron for the manufacture of gas in gas works. + +Tubulated retort (Chem.), a retort having a tubulure for the +introduction or removal of the substances which are to be acted upon. + +Syn. -- Repartee; answer. -- Retort, Repartee. A retort is a short and +pointed reply, turning back on an assailant the arguments, censure, or +derision he had thrown out. A repartee is usually a good-natured return +to some witty or sportive remark. + +Re*tort"er (?), n. One who retorts. + +Re*tor"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. rétorsion. See Retort, v. t.] 1. Act of +retorting or throwing back; reflection or turning back. [Written also +retorsion.] + + It was, however, necessary to possess some single term expressive + of this intellectual retortion. + + +Sir W. Hamilton. + +2. (Law) Retaliation. Wharton. + +Re*tort"ive (?), a. Containing retort. + +Re*toss" (?), v. t. To toss back or again. + +Re*touch" (?), v. t. [Pref. re- + touch: cf. F. retoucher.] 1. To touch +again, or rework, in order to improve; to revise; as, to retouch a +picture or an essay. + +2. (Photog.) To correct or change, as a negative, by handwork. + +Re*touch", n. (Fine Arts) A partial reworking,as of a painting, a +sculptor's clay model, or the like. + +Re*touch"er (?), n. One who retouches. + +Re*trace" (?), v. t. [Pref. re- + trace: cf. F. retracer. Cf. Retract.] +1. To trace back, as a line. + + Then if the line of Turnus you retrace, He springs from Inachus of + Argive race. + + +Driden. + +2. To go back, in or over (a previous course); to go over again in a +reverse direction; as, to retrace one's steps; to retrace one's +proceedings. + +3. To trace over again, or renew the outline of, as a drawing; to draw +again. + +Re*tract" (r*trkt"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Retracted; p. pr. & vb. n. +Retracting.] [F. rétracter, L. retractare, retractatum, to handle +again, reconsider, retract, fr. retrahere, retractum, to draw back. See +Retreat.] 1. To draw back; to draw up or shorten; as, the cat can +retract its claws; to retract a muscle. + +2. To withdraw; to recall; to disavow; to recant; to take back; as, to +retract an accusation or an assertion. + + I would as freely have retracted this charge of idolatry as I ever + made it. + + +Bp. Stillingfleet. + +3. To take back,, as a grant or favor previously bestowed; to revoke. +[Obs.] Woodward. + +Syn. -- To recall; withdraw; rescind; revoke; unsay; disavow; recant; +abjure; disown. + +Re*tract", v. i. 1. To draw back; to draw up; as, muscles retract after +amputation. + +2. To take back what has been said; to withdraw a concession or a +declaration. + + She will, and she will not; she grants, denies, Consents, retracts, + advances, and then files. + + +Granville. + +Re*tract", n. (Far.) The pricking of a horse's foot in nailing on a +shoe. + +Re*tract"a*ble (-*b'l), a. [Cf. F. rétractable.] Capable of being +retracted; retractile. + +Re*tract"ate (?), v. t. [L. retractatus, p. p. of retractare. See +Retract.] To retract; to recant. [Obs.] + +Re`trac*ta"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. rétractation, L. retractatio a +revision, reconsideration. ] The act of retracting what has been said; +recantation. + +Re*tract"i*ble (?), a. Retractable. + +Re*tract"ile (?), a. [Cf. F. - rétractile.] (Physiol.) Capable of +retraction; capable of being drawn back or up; as, the claws of a cat +are retractile. + +Re*trac"tion (r*trk"shn), n. [Cf. F. rétraction, L. retractio a drawing +back, hesitation.] 1. The act of retracting, or drawing back; the state +of being retracted; as, the retraction of a cat's claws. + +2. The act of withdrawing something advanced, stated, claimed, or done; +declaration of change of opinion; recantation. + + Other men's insatiable desire of revenge hath wholly beguiled both + church and state of the benefit of all my either retractions or + concessions. + + +Eikon Basilike. + +3. (Physiol.) (a) The act of retracting or shortening; as, the +retraction of a severed muscle; the retraction of a sinew. (b) The +state or condition of a part when drawn back, or towards the center of +the body. + +Re*tract"ive (?), a. Serving to retract; of the nature of a retraction. +-- Re*tract"ive*ly, adv. + +Re*tract"ive, n. That which retracts, or withdraws. + +Re*tract"or (-r), n. One who, or that which, retracts. Specifically: +(a) In breech-loading firearms, a device for withdrawing a cartridge +shell from the barrel. (b) (Surg.) An instrument for holding apart the +edges of a wound during amputation. (c) (Surg.) A bandage to protect +the soft parts from injury by the saw during amputation. (d) (Anat. & +Zoöl.) A muscle serving to draw in any organ or part. See Illust. under +Phylactolæmata. + +Re*traict" (r*trt"), n. Retreat. [Obs.] Bacon. + +Re*trait" (r*trt"), n. [It. ritratto, fr. ritrarre to draw back, draw, +fr. L. retrahere. See Retract.] A portrait; a likeness. [Obs.] + + Whose fair retrait I in my shield do bear. + + +Spenser. + +Re`trans*form" (?), v. t. To transform anew or back. -- +Re`trans*for*ma"tion (#), n. + +Re`trans*late" (?), v. t. To translate anew; especially, to translate +back into the original language. + +||Re*trax"it (?), n. [L., (he) has withdrawn. See Retract.] (O. Eng. +||Law) The withdrawing, or open renunciation, of a suit in court by the +||plaintiff, by which he forever lost his right of action. Blackstone. + +Re*tread" (?), v. t. & i. To tread again. + +Re*treat" (?), n. [F. retraite, fr. retraire to withdraw, L. retrahere; +pref. re- re- + trahere to draw. See Trace, and cf. Retract, Retrace.] +1. The act of retiring or withdrawing one's self, especially from what +is dangerous or disagreeable. + + In a retreat he o&?;truns any lackey. + + +Shak. + +2. The place to which anyone retires; a place or privacy or safety; a +refuge; an asylum. + + He built his son a house of pleasure, and spared no cost to make a + delicious retreat. + + +L'Estrange. + + That pleasing shade they sought, a soft retreat From sudden April + showers, a shelter from the heat. + + +Dryden. + +3. (Mil. & Naval.) (a) The retiring of an army or body of men from the +face of an enemy, or from any ground occupied to a greater distance +from the enemy, or from an advanced position. (b) The withdrawing of a +ship or fleet from an enemy for the purpose of avoiding an engagement +or escaping after defeat. (c) A signal given in the army or navy, by +the beat of a drum or the sounding of trumpet or bugle, at sunset (when +the roll is called), or for retiring from action. + +A retreat is properly an orderly march, in which circumstance it +differs from a flight. + +4. (Eccl.) (a) A special season of solitude and silence to engage in +religious exercises. (b) A period of several days of withdrawal from +society to a religious house for exclusive occupation in the duties of +devotion; as, to appoint or observe a retreat. + +Syn. -- Retirement; departure; withdrawment; seclusion; solitude; +privacy; asylum; shelter; refuge. + +Re*treat" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Retreated; p. pr. & vb. n. +Retreating.] To make a retreat; to retire from any position or place; +to withdraw; as, the defeated army retreated from the field. + + The rapid currents drive Towards the retreating sea their furious + tide. + + +Milton. + +Re*treat"ful (?), a. Furnishing or serving as a retreat. [R.] "Our +retreatful flood." Chapman. + +Re*treat"ment (?), n. The act of retreating; specifically, the Hegira. +[R.] D'Urfey. + +Re*trench" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Retrenched (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Retrenching.] [OF. retrenchier, F. retrancher; pref. re- re- + OF. +trenchier, F. trancher, to cut. See Trench.] 1. To cut off; to pare +away. + + Thy exuberant parts retrench. + + +Denham. + +2. To lessen; to abridge; to curtail; as, to retrench superfluities or +expenses. + + But this thy glory shall be soon retrenched. + + +Milton. + +3. To confine; to limit; to restrict. Addison. + + These figures, ought they then to receive a retrenched + interpretation? + + +I. Taylor. + +4. (Fort.) To furnish with a retrenchment; as, to retrench bastions. + +Syn. -- To lesen; diminish; curtail; abridge. + +Re*trench", v. i. To cause or suffer retrenchment; specifically, to cut +down living expenses; as, it is more reputable to retrench than to live +embarrassed. + +Re*trench"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. retrenchment.] 1. The act or process of +retrenching; as, the retrenchment of words in a writing. + + The retrenchment of my expenses will convince you that &?; mean to + replace your fortune as far as I can. + + +Walpole. + +2. (Fort.) A work constructed within another, to prolong the defense of +the position when the enemy has gained possession of the outer work; or +to protect the defenders till they can retreat or obtain terms for a +capitulation. + +Syn. -- Lessening; curtailment; diminution; reduction; abridgment. + +Re*tri"al (?), n. A secdond trial, experiment, or test; a second +judicial trial, as of an accused person. + +Re*trib"ute (?), v. t. [L. retributus, p. p. ofretribuere to retribute; +pref re- + tribuere to bestow, assign, pay. See Tribute.] To pay back; +to give in return, as payment, reward, or punishment; to requite; as, +to retribute one for his kindness; to retribute just punishment to a +criminal. [Obs. or R.] Locke. + +Re*trib"u*ter (?), n. One who makes retribution. + +Ret`ri*bu"tion (?), n. [L. retributio: cf. F. rétribution.] 1. The act +of retributing; repayment. + + In good offices and due retributions, we may not be pinching and + niggardly. + + +Bp. Hall. + +2. That which is given in repayment or compensation; return suitable to +the merits or deserts of, as an action; commonly, condign punishment +for evil or wrong. + + All who have their reward on earth, . . . Naught seeking but the + praise of men, here find Fit retribution, empty as their deeds. + + +Milton. + +3. Specifically, reward and punishment, as distributed at the general +judgment. + + It is a strong argument for a state of retribution hereafter, that + in this world virtuous persons are very often unfortunate, and + vicious persons prosperous. + + +Addison. + +Syn. -- Repayment; requital; recompense; payment; retaliation. + +{ Re*trib"u*tive (?), Re*trib"u*to*ry }, a. [Cf. LL. retributorius +worthy of retribution.] Of or pertaining to retribution; of the nature +of retribution; involving retribution or repayment; as, retributive +justice; retributory comforts. + +Re*triev"a*ble (?), a. [From Retrieve.] That may be retrieved or +recovered; admitting of retrieval. -- Re*triev"a*ble*ness, n. -- +Re*triev"a*bly, adv. + +Re*triev"al (?), n. The act retrieving. + +Re*trieve" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Retrieved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Retrieving.] [OE. retreven, OF. retrover to find again, recover (il +retroevee finds again), F. retrouver; pref. re- re- + OF. trover to +find, F. trouver. See Trover.] 1. To find again; to recover; to regain; +to restore from loss or injury; as, to retrieve one's character; to +retrieve independence. + + With late repentance now they would retrieve The bodies they + forsook, and wish to live. + + +Dryden + +2. To recall; to bring back. + + To retrieve them from their cold, trivial conceits. + + +Berkeley. + +<! p. 1232 !> + +3. To remedy the evil consequence of, to repair, as a loss or damadge. + + Accept my sorrow, and retrieve my fall. + + +Prior. + + There is much to be done . . . and much to be retrieved. + + +Burke. + +Syn. -- To recover; regain; recruit; repair; restore. + +Re*trieve" (?), v. i. (Sport.) To discover and bring in game that has +been killed or wounded; as, a dog naturally inclined to retrieve. +Walsh. + +Re*trieve", n. 1. A seeking again; a discovery. [Obs.] B. Jonson. + +2. The recovery of game once sprung; -- an old sporting term. [Obs.] +Nares. + +Re*trieve"ment (?), n. Retrieval. + +Re*triev"er (?), n. 1. One who retrieves. + +2. (Zoöl.) A dor, or a breed of dogs, chiefly employed to retrieve, or +to find and recover game birds that have been killed or wounded. + +Re*trim" (?), v. t. To trim again. + +Ret"ri*ment (?), n. [L. retrimentum.] Refuse; dregs. [R.] + +Retro-. [L. retro, adv., backward, back. Cf. Re-.] A prefix or +combining form signifying backward, back; as, retroact, to act +backward; retrospect, a looking back. + +Re`tro*act" (?), v. i. [Pref. retro- + act.] To act backward, or in +return; to act in opposition; to be retrospective. + +Re`tro*ac"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. rétroaction.] 1. Action returned, or +action backward. + +2. Operation on something past or preceding. + +Re`tro*act"ive (?), a. [Cf. F. rétroactif.] Fitted or designed to +retroact; operating by returned action; affecting what is past; +retrospective. Beddoes. + +Retroactive law or statute (Law), one which operates to make criminal +or punishable, or in any way expressly to affect, acts done prior to +the passing of the law. + +Re`tro*act"ive*ly, adv. In a retroactive manner. + +Re"tro*cede (?), v. t. [Pref. retro- + cede: cf. F. rétrocéder.] To +cede or grant back; as, to retrocede a territory to a former +proprietor. + +Re"tro*cede, v. i. [L. retrocedere; retro backward, back + cedere to +go. See Cede.] To go back. + +Re`tro*ced"ent (?), a. [L. retrocedens, p. pr.] Disposed or likely to +retrocede; -- said of diseases which go from one part of the body to +another, as the gout. + +Re`tro*ces"sion (?), n. [Cf. F. rétrocession. See Retrocede.] 1. The +act of retroceding. + +2. The state of being retroceded, or granted back. + +3. (Med.) Metastasis of an eruption or a tumor from the surface to the +interior of the body. + +Re"tro*choir (?), n. [Pref. retro- + choir.] (Eccl. Arch.) Any +extension of a church behind the high altar, as a chapel; also, in an +apsidal church, all the space beyond the line of the back or eastern +face of the altar. + +Re`tro*cop"u*lant (?), a. [See Retrocopulation.] Copulating backward, +or from behind. + +Re`tro*cop`u*la"tion (?), n. [Pref. retro- + copulation.] Copulation +from behind. Sir T. Browne. + +Re`tro*duc"tion (?), n. [L. retroducere, retroductum, to lead or bring +back; retro backward + ducere to lead.] A leading or bringing back. + +{ Re"tro*flex (?), Re"tro*flexed (?), } a. [Pref. retro- + L. flectere, +flexum, to bend, to turn.] Reflexed; bent or turned abruptly backward. + +Re`tro*flex"ion (?), n. The act of reflexing; the state of being +retroflexed. Cf. Retroversion. + +{ Re"tro*fract (?), Re"tro*fract`ed, } a. [Pref. retro- + L. fractus, +p. p. of frangere to break.] (Bot.) Refracted; as, a retrofract stem. + +Re`tro*gen"er*a*tive (?), a. [Pref. retro- + generative.] Begetting +young by retrocopulation. + +Re`tro*gra*da"tion (?), n. [F. rétrogradation or L. retrogradatio. See +Retrograde.] 1. The act of retrograding, or moving backward. + +2. The state of being retrograde; decline. + +Re"tro*grade (?), a. [L. retrogradus, from retrogradi, retrogressus, to +retrograde; retro back + gradi to step: cf. F. rétrograde. See Grade.] +1. (Astron.) Apparently moving backward, and contrary to the succession +of the signs, that is, from east to west, as a planet. Hutton. + + And if he be in the west side in that condition, then is he + retrograde. + + +Chaucer. + +2. Tending or moving backward; having a backward course; contrary; as, +a retrograde motion; -- opposed to progressive. "Progressive and not +retrograde." Bacon. + + It is most retrograde to our desire. + + +Shak. + +3. Declining from a better to a worse state; as, a retrograde people; +retrograde ideas, morals, etc. Bacon. + +Re"tro*grade, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Retrograded (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Retrograding.] [L. retrogradare, retrogradi: cf. F. rétrograder.] 1. To +go in a retrograde direction; to move, or appear to move, backward, as +a planet. + +2. Hence, to decline from a better to a worse condition, as in morals +or intelligence. + +Re"tro*gra`ding*ly (?), adv. By retrograding; so as to retrograde. + +Re"tro*gress (?), n. [Cf. L. retrogressus.] Retrogression. [R.] H. +Spenser. + +Re`tro*gres"sion (?), n. [Cf. F. rétrogression. See Retrograde, and cf. +Digression.] 1. The act of retrograding, or going backward; +retrogradation. + +2. (Biol.) Backward development; a passing from a higher to a lower +state of organization or structure, as when an animal, approaching +maturity, becomes less highly organized than would be expected from its +earlier stages or known relationship. Called also retrograde +development, and regressive metamorphism. + +Re`tro*gres"sive, a. [Cf. F. rétrogressif.] 1. Tending to retrograde; +going or moving backward; declining from a better to a worse state. + +2. (Biol.) Passing from a higher to a lower condition; declining from a +more perfect state of organization; regressive. + +Re`tro*gres"sive*ly, adv. In a retrogressive manner. + +Re`tro*min"gen*cy (?), n. The quality or state of being retromingent. +Sir T. Browne. + +Re`tro*min"gent (?), a. [Pref. retro- + L. mingens, p. pr. of mingere +to urinate.] Organized so as to discharge the urine backward. -- n. +(Zoöl.) An animal that discharges its urine backward. + +Re`tro*pul"sive (?), a. [Pref. retro- + L. pellere, pulsum, to impel.] +Driving back; repelling. + +Re*trorse" (?), a. [L. retrorsus, retroversus; retro back + vertere, +versum, to turn. Cf. Retrovert.] Bent backward or downward. -- +Re*trorse"ly, adv. + +Re"tro*spect (?), v. i. [L. retrospicere; retro back + specere, +spectum, to look. See Spy, and cf. Expect.] To look backward; hence, to +affect or concern what is past. + + It may be useful to retrospect to an early period. + + +A. Hamilton. + +Re"tro*spect, n. A looking back on things past; view or contemplation +of the past. Cowper. + + We may introduce a song without retrospect to the old comedy. + + +Landor. + +Re`tro*spec"tion (?), n. The act, or the faculty, of looking back on +things past. + +Re`tro*spec"tive (?), a. [Cf. F. rétrospectif.] 1. Looking backward; +contemplating things past; -- opposed to prospective; as, a +retrospective view. + + The sage, with retrospective eye. + + +Pope. + +2. Having reference to what is past; affecting things past; +retroactive; as, a retrospective law. + + Inflicting death by a retrospective enactment. + + +Macaulay. + +Re`tro*spec"tive*ly, adv. By way of retrospect. + +||Re*trous`sé" (?), a. [F., p.p. of retrousser to turn up.] Turned up; +||-- said of a pug nose. +[Webster 1913 Suppl.] + +Re`tro*vac`ci*na"tion (?), n. (Med.) The inoculation of a cow with +human vaccine virus. + +Re`tro*ver"sion (?), n. [Cf. F. rétroversion. See Retrovert.] A turning +or bending backward; also, the state of being turned or bent backward; +displacement backwards; as, retroversion of the uterus. + +In retroversion the bending is gradual or curved; in retroflexion it is +abrupt or angular. + +Re"tro*vert (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Retroverted; p. pr. & vb. n. +Retroverting.] [Pref. retro- + L. vertere, versum, to turn. Cf. +Retrorse.] To turn back. + +Re"tro*vert*ed, a. In a state of retroversion. + +Re*trude" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Retruded; p. pr. & vb. n. +Retruding.] [L. retrudere; re- + trudere to thrust.] To thrust back. +[R.] Dr. H. More. + +Re*truse" (?), a. [L. retrusus concealed, p. p. of retrudere.] +Abstruse. [Obs.] Dr. H. More. + +Re*tru"sion (?), n. The act of retruding, or the state of being +retruded. + + In virtue of an endless remotion or retrusion of the constituent + cause. + + +Coleridge. + +Re*try" (?), v. t. To try (esp. judicially) a second time; as, to retry +a case; to retry an accused person. + +Rette (?), v. t. See Aret. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Ret"ter*y (?), n. A place or establishment where flax is retted. See +Ret. Ure. + +Ret"ting (?), n. 1. The act or process of preparing flax for use by +soaking, maceration, and kindred processes; -- also called rotting. See +Ret. Ure. + +2. A place where flax is retted; a rettery. Ure. + +Re*tund" (?), v. t. [L. retundere, retusum; pref. re- re- + tundere to +beat.] To blunt; to turn, as an edge; figuratively, to cause to be +obtuse or dull; as, to retund confidence. Ray. Cudworth. + +Re-turn" (?), v. t. & i. To turn again. + +Re*turn" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Returned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Returning.] [OE. returnen, retournen, F. retourner; pref. re- re- + +tourner to turn. See Turn.] 1. To turn back; to go or come again to the +same place or condition. "Return to your father's house." Chaucer. + + On their embattled ranks the waves return. + + +Milton. + + If they returned out of bondage, it must be into a state of + freedom. + + +Locke. + + Dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return. + + +Gen. iii. 19. + +2. To come back, or begin again, after an interval, regular or +irregular; to appear again. + + With the year Seasons return; but not me returns Day or the sweet + approach of even or morn. + + +Milton. + +3. To speak in answer; to reply; to respond. + + He said, and thus the queen of heaven returned. + + +Pope. + +4. To revert; to pass back into possession. + + And Jeroboam said in his heart, Now shall the kingdom return to the + house of David. + + +1Kings xii. 26. + +5. To go back in thought, narration, or argument. "But to return to my +story." Fielding. + +Re*turn", v. t. 1. To bring, carry, send, or turn, back; as, to return +a borrowed book, or a hired horse. + + Both fled attonce, ne ever back returned eye. + + +Spenser. + +2. To repay; as, to return borrowed money. + +3. To give in requital or recompense; to requite. + + The Lord shall return thy wickedness upon thine own head. + + +1 Kings ii. 44. + +4. To give back in reply; as, to return an answer; to return thanks. + +5. To retort; to throw back; as, to return the lie. + + If you are a malicious reader, you return upon me, that I affect to + be thought more impartial than I am. + + +Dryden. + +6. To report, or bring back and make known. + + And all the people answered together, . . . and Moses returned the + words of the people unto the Lord. + + +Ex. xix. 8. + +7. To render, as an account, usually an official account, to a +superior; to report officially by a list or statement; as, to return a +list of stores, of killed or wounded; to return the result of an +election. + +8. Hence, to elect according to the official report of the election +officers. [Eng.] + +9. To bring or send back to a tribunal, or to an office, with a +certificate of what has been done; as, to return a writ. + +10. To convey into official custody, or to a general depository. + + Instead of a ship, he should levy money, and return the same to the + treasurer for his majesty's use. + + +Clarendon. + +11. (Tennis) To bat (the ball) back over the net. + +12. (Card Playing) To lead in response to the lead of one's partner; +as, to return a trump; to return a diamond for a club. + +To return a lead (Card Playing), to lead the same suit led by one's +partner. + +Syn. -- To restore; requite; repay; recompense; render; remit; report. + +Re*turn" (?), n. 1. The act of returning (intransitive), or coming back +to the same place or condition; as, the return of one long absent; the +return of health; the return of the seasons, or of an anniversary. + + At the return of the year the king of Syria will come up against + thee. + + +1 Kings xx. 22. + + His personal return was most required and necessary. + + +Shak. + +2. The act of returning (transitive), or sending back to the same place +or condition; restitution; repayment; requital; retribution; as, the +return of anything borrowed, as a book or money; a good return in +tennis. + + You made my liberty your late request: Is no return due from a + grateful breast? + + +Dryden. + +3. That which is returned. Specifically: (a) A payment; a remittance; a +requital. + + I do expect return Of thrice three times the value of this bond. + + +Shak. + +(b) An answer; as, a return to one's question. (c) An account, or +formal report, of an action performed, of a duty discharged, of facts +or statistics, and the like; as, election returns; a return of the +amount of goods produced or sold; especially, in the plural, a set of +tabulated statistics prepared for general information. (d) The profit +on, or advantage received from, labor, or an investment, undertaking, +adventure, etc. + + The fruit from many days of recreation is very little; but from + these few hours we spend in prayer, the return is great. + + +Jer. Taylor. + +4. (Arch.) The continuation in a different direction, most often at a +right angle, of a building, face of a building, or any member, as a +molding or mold; -- applied to the shorter in contradistinction to the +longer; thus, a facade of sixty feet east and west has a return of +twenty feet north and south. + +5. (Law) (a) The rendering back or delivery of writ, precept, or +execution, to the proper officer or court. (b) The certificate of an +officer stating what he has done in execution of a writ, precept, etc., +indorsed on the document. (c) The sending back of a commission with the +certificate of the commissioners. (d) A day in bank. See Return day, +below. Blackstone. + +6. (Mil. & Naval) An official account, report, or statement, rendered +to the commander or other superior officer; as, the return of men fit +for duty; the return of the number of the sick; the return of +provisions, etc. + +7. pl. (Fort. & Mining) The turnings and windings of a trench or mine. + +Return ball, a ball held by an elastic string so that it returns to the +hand from which it is thrown, -- used as a plaything. -- Return bend, a +pipe fitting for connecting the contiguous ends of two nearly parallel +pipes lying alongside or one above another. -- Return day (Law), the +day when the defendant is to appear in court, and the sheriff is to +return the writ and his proceedings. -- Return flue, in a steam boiler, +a flue which conducts flame or gases of combustion in a direction +contrary to their previous movement in another flue. -- Return pipe +(Steam Heating), a pipe by which water of condensation from a heater or +radiator is conveyed back toward the boiler. + +Re*turn"a*ble (?), a. 1. Capable of, or admitting of, being returned. + +2. (Law) Legally required to be returned, delivered, given, or +rendered; as, a writ or precept returnable at a certain day; a verdict +returnable to the court. + +Re*turn"er (?), n. One who returns. + +Re*turn"less, a. Admitting no return. Chapman. + +Re*tuse" (?), a. [L. retusus, p. p. : cf. F. rétus. See Retund.] (Bot. +& Zoöl.) Having the end rounded and slightly indented; as, a retuse +leaf. + +Reule (?), n.& v. Rule. [Obs.] + +Reume (?), n. Realm. [Obs.] + +Re*un"ion (?), n. [Pref. re- + union: cf. F. réunion.] 1. A second +union; union formed anew after separation, secession, or discord; as, a +reunion of parts or particles of matter; a reunion of parties or sects. + +2. An assembling of persons who have been separated, as of a family, or +the members of a disbanded regiment; an assembly so composed. + +Re`u*nite" (?), v. t. & i. To unite again; to join after separation or +variance. Shak. + +<! p. 1233 !> + +Re`u*nit"ed*ly (?), adv. In a reunited manner. + +Re`u*ni"tion (?), n. A second uniting. [R.] + +Re*urge" (?), v. t. To urge again. + +Re*vac"ci*nate (?), v. t. To vaccinate a second time or again. -- +Re*vac`ci*na"tion(#), n. + +Rev`a*les"cence (?), n. The act of growing well; the state of being +revalescent. + + Would this prove that the patient's revalescence had been + independent of the medicines given him? + + +Coleridge. + +Rev`a*les"cent (?), a. [L. revalescens, -entis, p. pr. of revalescere; +pref. re- re- + valescere, v. incho. fr. valere to be well.] Growing +well; recovering strength. + +Re*val`u*a"tion (?), n. A second or new valuation. + +Re*vamp" (?), v. t. To vamp again; hence, to patch up; to reconstruct. + +Reve (?), v. t. To reave. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Reve, n. [See Reeve.] An officer, steward, or governor. [Usually +written reeve.] [Obs.] Piers Plowman. + +Re*veal" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Revealed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Revealing.] [F. révéler, L. revelare, revelatum, to unveil, reveal; +pref. re- re- + velare to veil; fr. velum a veil. See Veil.] 1. To make +known (that which has been concealed or kept secret); to unveil; to +disclose; to show. + + Light was the wound, the prince's care unknown, She might not, + would not, yet reveal her own. + + +Waller. + +2. Specifically, to communicate (that which could not be known or +discovered without divine or supernatural instruction or agency). + +Syn. -- To communicate; disclose; divulge; unveil; uncover; open; +discover; impart; show. See Communicate. -- Reveal, Divulge. To reveal +is literally to lift the veil, and thus make known what was previously +concealed; to divulge is to scatter abroad among the people, or make +publicly known. A mystery or hidden doctrine may be revealed; something +long confined to the knowledge of a few is at length divulged. "Time, +which reveals all things, is itself not to be discovered." Locke. "A +tragic history of facts divulged." Wordsworth. + +Re*veal", n. 1. A revealing; a disclosure. [Obs.] + +2. (Arch.) The side of an opening for a window, doorway, or the like, +between the door frame or window frame and the outer surface of the +wall; or, where the opening is not filled with a door, etc., the whole +thickness of the wall; the jamb. [Written also revel.] + +Re*veal`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being revealable; +revealableness. + +Re*veal"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being revealed. -- Re*veal"a*ble*ness, +n. + +Re*veal"er (?), n. One who, or that which, reveals. + +Re*veal"ment (?), n. Act of revealing. [R.] + +Re*veg"e*tate (?), v. i. To vegetate anew. + +Re*veil"le (?), n. [F. réveil, fr. réveiller to awake; pref. re- re- + +pref. es- (L. ex) + veiller to awake, watch, L. vigilare to watch. The +English form was prob. taken by mistake from the French imper. +réveillez,2d pers. pl. See Vigil.] (Mil.) The beat of drum, or bugle +blast, about break of day, to give notice that it is time for the +soldiers to rise, and for the sentinels to forbear challenging. "Sound +a reveille." Dryden. + + For at dawning to assail ye Here no bugles sound reveille. + + +Sir W. Scott. + +Rev"el (?), n. (Arch.) See Reveal. [R.] + +Rev"el, n. [OF. revel rebellion, disorder, feast, sport. See Revel, v. +i.] A feast with loose and noisy jollity; riotous festivity or +merrymaking; a carousal. + + This day in mirth and revel to dispend. + + +Chaucer. + + Some men ruin . . . their bodies by incessant revels. + + +Rambler. + +Master of the revels, Revel master. Same as Lord of misrule, under +Lord. + +Rev"el, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Reveled (?) or Revelled; p. pr. & vb. n. +Reveling or Revelling.] [OF. reveler to revolt, rebel, make merry, fr. +L. rebellare. See Rebel.] 1. To feast in a riotous manner; to carouse; +to act the bacchanalian; to make merry. Shak. + +2. To move playfully; to indulge without restraint. "Where joy most +revels." Shak. + +Re*vel" (?), v. t. [L. revellere; re- + vellere to pluck, pull.] To +draw back; to retract. [Obs.] Harvey. + +Rev"e*late (?), v. t. [L. revelatus, p. p. of revelare to reveal.] To +reveal. [Obs.] Frith. Barnes. + +Rev`e*la"tion (?), n. [F. révélation, L. revelatio. See Reveal.] 1. The +act of revealing, disclosing, or discovering to others what was before +unknown to them. + +2. That which is revealed. + +3. (Theol.) (a) The act of revealing divine truth. (b) That which is +revealed by God to man; esp., the Bible. + + By revelation he made known unto me the mystery, as I wrote afore + in few words. + + +Eph. iii. 3. + +4. Specifically, the last book of the sacred canon, containing the +prophecies of St. John; the Apocalypse. + +Rev"e*la`tor (?), n. [L.] One who makes a revelation; a revealer. [R.] + +Rev"el*er (?), n. [Written also reveller.] One who revels. "Moonshine +revelers." Shak. + +Re*vel"lent (?), a. [L. revellens, p. pr. of revellere. See Revel, v. +t.] Causing revulsion; revulsive. -- n. (Med.) A revulsive medicine. + +Rev"el*ment (?), n. The act of reveling. + +Rev"el*ous (?), a. [OF. reveleus.] Fond of festivity; given to +merrymaking or reveling. [Obs.] + + Companionable and revelous was she. + + +Chaucer. + +Rev"el-rout` (?), n. [See Rout.] 1. Tumultuous festivity; revelry. +[Obs.] Rowe. + +2. A rabble; a riotous assembly; a mob. [Obs.] + +Rev"el*ry (?), n. [See Revel, v. i. & n.] The act of engaging in a +revel; noisy festivity; reveling. + + And pomp and feast and revelry. + + +Milton. + +Re*ven"di*cate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Revendicated (?); p. pr. & vb. +n. Revendicating.][Cf. F. revendiquer. See Revenge.] To reclaim; to +demand the restoration of. [R.] Vattel (Trans.). + +Re*ven`di*ca"tion (?), n. [F. revendication.] The act of revendicating. +[R.] Vattel (Trans.) + +Re*venge" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Revenged (?), p. pr. & vb. n. +Revenging (&?;).] [OF. revengier, F. revancher; pref. re- re- + OF. +vengier to avenge, revenge, F. venger, L. vindicare. See Vindicate, +Vengerance, and cf. Revindicate.] 1. To inflict harm in return for, as +an injury, insult, etc.; to exact satisfaction for, under a sense of +injury; to avenge; -- followed either by the wrong received, or by the +person or thing wronged, as the object, or by the reciprocal pronoun as +direct object, and a preposition before the wrong done or the +wrongdoer. + + To revenge the death of our fathers. + + +Ld. Berners. + + The gods are just, and will revenge our cause. + + +Dryden. + + Come, Antony, and young Octavius, come, Revenge yourselves alone on + Cassius. + + +Shak. + +2. To inflict injury for, in a spiteful, wrong, or malignant spirit; to +wreak vengeance for maliciously. + +Syn. -- To avenge; vindicate. See Avenge. + +Re*venge", v. i. To take vengeance; -- with upon. [Obs.] "A bird that +will revenge upon you all." Shak. + +Re*venge", n. 1. The act of revenging; vengeance; retaliation; a +returning of evil for evil. + + Certainly, in taking revenge, a man is even with his enemy; but in + passing it over he is superior. + + +Bacon. + +2. The disposition to revenge; a malignant wishing of evil to one who +has done us an injury. + + Revenge now goes To lay a complot to betray thy foes. + + +Shak. + + The indulgence of revenge tends to make men more savage and cruel. + + +Kames. + +Re*venge"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being revenged; as, revengeable +wrong. Warner. + +Re*venge"ance (?), n. Vengeance; revenge. [Obs.] + +Re*venge"ful (?), a. Full of, or prone to, revenge; vindictive; +malicious; revenging; wreaking revenge. + + If thy revengeful heart can not forgive. + + +Shak. + + May my hands . . . Never brandish more revengeful steel. + + +Shak. + +Syn. -- Vindictive; vengeful; resentful; malicious. + +-- Re*venge"ful*ly, adv. -- Re*venge"ful*ness, n. + +Re*venge"less, a. Unrevenged. [Obs.] Marston. + +Re*venge"ment (?), n. Revenge. [Obs.] + + He 'll breed revengement and a scourge for me. + + +Shak. + +Re*ven"ger (?), n. One who revenges. Shak. + +Re*ven"ging (?), a. Executing revenge; revengeful. -- Re*ven"ging*ly, +adv. Shak. + +Rev"e*nue (?), n. [F. revenu, OF. revenue, fr. revenir to return, L. +revenire; pref. re- re- + venire to come. See Come.] 1. That which +returns, or comes back, from an investment; the annual rents, profits, +interest, or issues of any species of property, real or personal; +income. + + Do not anticipate your revenues and live upon air till you know + what you are worth. + + +Gray. + +2. Hence, return; reward; as, a revenue of praise. + +3. The annual yield of taxes, excise, customs, duties, rents, etc., +which a nation, state, or municipality collects and receives into the +treasury for public use. + +Revenue cutter, an armed government vessel employed to enforce revenue +laws, prevent smuggling, etc. + +Re*verb" (?), v. t. To echo. [Obs.] Shak. + +Re*ver"ber*ant (?), a. [L. reverberans, p. pr. : cf. F. réverbérant. +See Reverberate.] Having the quality of reverberation; reverberating. + +Re*ver"ber*ate (?), a. [L. reverberatus, p. p. of reverberare to strike +back, repel; pref. re- re- + verberare to lash, whip, beat, fr. verber +a lash, whip, rod.] 1. Reverberant. [Obs.] "The reverberate hills." +Shak. + +2. Driven back, as sound; reflected. [Obs.] Drayton. + +Re*ver"ber*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reverberated (?); p. pr. & vb. +n. Reverberating.] 1. To return or send back; to repel or drive back; +to echo, as sound; to reflect, as light, as light or heat. + + Who, like an arch, reverberates The voice again. + + +Shak. + +2. To send or force back; to repel from side to side; as, flame is +reverberated in a furnace. + +3. Hence, to fuse by reverberated heat. [Obs.] "Reverberated into +glass." Sir T. Browne. + +Re*ver"ber*ate, v. i. 1. To resound; to echo. + +2. To be driven back; to be reflected or repelled, as rays of light; to +be echoed, as sound. + +Re*ver`ber*a"tion (?), n. [CF. F. réverbération.] The act of +reverberating; especially, the act of reflecting light or heat, or +reëchoing sound; as, the reverberation of rays from a mirror; the +reverberation of rays from a mirror; the reverberation of voices; the +reverberation of heat or flame in a furnace. + +Re*ver"ber*a*tive (?), a. Of the nature of reverberation; tending to +reverberate; reflective. + + This reverberative influence is that which we have intended above, + as the influence of the mass upon its centers. + + +I. Taylor. + +Re*ver"ber*a`tor (?), n. One who, or that which, produces +reverberation. + +Re*ver"ber*a*to*ry (?), a. Producing reverberation; acting by +reverberation; reverberative. + +Reverberatory furnace. See the Note under Furnace. + +Re*ver"ber*a*to*ry, n. A reverberatory furnace. + +Re*ver"dure (?), v. t. To cover again with verdure. Ld. Berners. + +Re*vere" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Revered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Revering.] [L. revereri; pref. re- re- + vereri to fear, perh. akin to +E. wary: cf. F. révérer.] To regard with reverence, or profound respect +and affection, mingled with awe or fear; to venerate; to reverence; to +honor in estimation. + + Marcus Aurelius, whom he rather revered as his father than treated + as his partner in the empire. + + +Addison. + +Syn. -- To venerate; adore; reverence. + +Rev"er*ence (?), n. [F. révérence, L. reverentia. See Reverent.] 1. +Profound respect and esteem mingled with fear and affection, as for a +holy being or place; the disposition to revere; veneration. + + If thou be poor, farewell thy reverence. + + +Chaucer. + + Reverence, which is the synthesis of love and fear. + + +Coleridge. + + When discords, and quarrels, and factions, are carried openly and + audaciously, it is a sign the reverence of government islost. + + +Bacon. + +Formerly, as in Chaucer, reverence denoted "respect" "honor", without +awe or fear. + +2. The act of revering; a token of respect or veneration; an obeisance. + + Make twenty reverences upon receiving . . . about twopence. + + +Goldsmith. + + And each of them doeth all his diligence To do unto the feast + reverence. + + +Chaucer. + +3. That which deserves or exacts manifestations of reverence; reverend +character; dignity; state. + + I am forced to lay my reverence by. + + +Shak. + +4. A person entitled to be revered; -- a title applied to priests or +other ministers with the pronouns his or your; sometimes poetically to +a father. Shak. + +Save your reverence, Saving your reverence, an apologetical phrase for +an unseemly expression made in the presence of a priest or clergyman. +-- Sir reverence, a contracted form of Save your reverence. + + Such a one as a man may not speak of, without he say. "Sir + reverence." + + +Shak. + +-- To do reverence, to show reverence or honor; to perform an act of +reverence. + + Now lies he there, And none so poor to do him reverence. + + +Shak. + +Syn. -- Awe; honor; veneration; adoration; dread. -- Awe, Reverence, +Dread, Veneration. Reverence is a strong sentiment of respect and +esteem, sometimes mingled slightly with fear; as, reverence for the +divine law. Awe is a mixed feeling of sublimity and dread in view of +something great or terrible, sublime or sacred; as, awe at the divine +presence. It does not necessarily imply love. Dread is an anxious fear +in view of an impending evil; as, dread of punishment. Veneration is +reverence in its strongest manifestations. It is the highest emotion we +can exercise toward human beings. Exalted and noble objects produce +reverence; terrific and threatening objects awaken dread; a sense of +the divine presence fills us with awe; a union of wisdom and virtue in +one who is advanced in years inspires us with veneration. + +Rev"er*ence, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reverenced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Reverencing (?).] To regard or treat with reverence; to regard with +respect and affection mingled with fear; to venerate. + + Let . . . the wife see that she reverence her husband. + + +Eph. v. 33. + + Those that I reverence those I fear, the wise. + + +Shak. + +Rev"er*en*cer (?), n. One who regards with reverence. "Reverencers of +crowned heads." Swift. + +Rev"er*end (?), a. [F. révérend, L. reverendus, fr. revereri. See +Revere.] Worthy of reverence; entitled to respect mingled with fear and +affection; venerable. + + A reverend sire among them came. + + +Milton. + + They must give good example and reverend deportment in the face of + their children. + + +Jer. Taylor. + +This word is commonly given as a title of respect to ecclesiastics. A +clergyman is styled the reverend; a dean, the very reverend; a bishop, +the right reverend; an archbishop, the most reverend. + +Rev"er*end*ly, adv. Reverently. [Obs.] Foxe. + +Rev"er*ent (?), a. [L. reverens, -entis, p. pr. of revereri. See +Revere.] 1. Disposed to revere; impressed with reverence; submissive; +humble; respectful; as, reverent disciples. "They . . . prostrate fell +before him reverent." Milton. + +2. Expressing reverence, veneration, devotion, or submission; as, +reverent words; reverent behavior. Joye. + +Rev`er*en"tial (?), a. [Cf. F. révérenciel. See Reverence.] Proceeding +from, or expressing, reverence; having a reverent quality; reverent; +as, reverential fear or awe. "A reverential esteem of things sacred." +South. + +Rev`er*en"tial*ly, adv. In a reverential manner. + +Rev"er*ent*ly, adv. In a reverent manner; in respectful regard. + +Re*ver"er (?), n. One who reveres. + +{ Rev"er*ie (?), Rev"er*y (?), } n.; pl. Reveries (#). [F. réverie, fr. +rêver to dream, rave, be light-headed. Cf. Rave.] 1. A loose or +irregular train of thought occurring in musing or mediation; deep +musing; daydream. "Rapt in nameless reveries." Tennyson. + + When ideas float in our mind without any reflection or regard of + the understanding, it is that which the French call revery, our + language has scarce a name for it. + + +Locke. + +2. An extravagant conceit of the fancy; a vision. [R.] + + There are infinite reveries and numberless extravagancies pass + through both [wise and foolish minds]. + + +Addison. + +Re*ver"sal (?), a. [See Reverse.] Intended to reverse; implying +reversal. [Obs.] Bp. Burnet. + +Re*ver"sal, n. [From Reverse.] 1. The act of reversing; the causing to +move or face in an opposite direction, or to stand or lie in an +inverted position; as, the reversal of a rotating wheel; the reversal +of objects by a convex lens. + +2. A change or overthrowing; as, the reversal of a judgment, which +amounts to an official declaration that it is false; the reversal of an +attainder, or of an outlawry, by which the sentence is rendered void. +Blackstone. + +Re*verse" (?), a. [OE. revers, OF. revers, L. reversus, p. p. of +revertere. See Revert.] 1. Turned backward; having a contrary or +opposite direction; hence; opposite or contrary in kind; as, the +reverse order or method. "A vice reverse unto this." Gower. + +2. Turned upside down; greatly disturbed. [Obs.] + + He found the sea diverse With many a windy storm reverse. + + +Gower. + +3. (Bot. & Zoöl.) Reversed; as, a reverse shell. + +Reverse bearing (Surv.), the bearing of a back station as observed from +the station next in advance. - - Reverse curve (Railways), a curve like +the letter S, formed of two curves bending in opposite directions. -- +Reverse fire (Mil.), a fire in the rear. -- Reverse operation (Math.), +an operation the steps of which are taken in a contrary order to that +in which the same or similar steps are taken in another operation +considered as direct; an operation in which that is sought which in +another operation is given, and that given which in the other is +sought; as, finding the length of a pendulum from its time of vibration +is the reverse operation to finding the time of vibration from the +length. + +<! p. 1234 !> + +Re*verse" (r*vrs"), n. [Cf. F. revers. See Reverse, a.] 1. That which +appears or is presented when anything, as a lance, a line, a course of +conduct, etc., is reverted or turned contrary to its natural direction. + + He did so with the reverse of the lance. + + +Sir W. Scott. + +2. That which is directly opposite or contrary to something else; a +contrary; an opposite. Chaucer. + + And then mistook reverse of wrong for right. + + +Pope. + + To make everything the reverse of what they have seen, is quite as + easy as to destroy. + + +Burke. + +3. The act of reversing; complete change; reversal; hence, total change +in circumstances or character; especially, a change from better to +worse; misfortune; a check or defeat; as, the enemy met with a reverse. + + The strange reverse of fate you see; I pitied you, now you may pity + me. + + +Dryden. + + By a reverse of fortune, Stephen becomes rich. + + +Lamb. + +4. The back side; as, the reverse of a drum or trench; the reverse of a +medal or coin, that is, the side opposite to the obverse. See Obverse. + +5. A thrust in fencing made with a backward turn of the hand; a +backhanded stroke. [Obs.] Shak. + +6. (Surg.) A turn or fold made in bandaging, by which the direction of +the bandage is changed. + +Re*verse", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reversed (-vrst");p. pr. & vb. n. +Reversing.] [See Reverse, a., and cf. Revert.] 1. To turn back; to +cause to face in a contrary direction; to cause to depart. + + And that old dame said many an idle verse, Out of her daughter's + heart fond fancies to reverse. + + +Spenser. + +2. To cause to return; to recall. [Obs.] + + And to his fresh remembrance did reverse The ugly view of his + deformed crimes. + + +Spenser. + +3. To change totally; to alter to the opposite. + + Reverse the doom of death. + + +Shak. + + She reversed the conduct of the celebrated vicar of Bray. + + +Sir W. Scott. + +4. To turn upside down; to invert. + + A pyramid reversed may stand upon his point if balanced by + admirable skill. + + +Sir W. Temple. + +5. Hence, to overthrow; to subvert. + + These can divide, and these reverse, the state. + + +Pope. + + Custom . . . reverses even the distinctions of good and evil. + + +Rogers. + +6. (Law) To overthrow by a contrary decision; to make void; to under or +annual for error; as, to reverse a judgment, sentence, or decree. + +Reverse arms (Mil.), a position of a soldier in which the piece passes +between the right elbow and the body at an angle of 45°, and is held as +in the illustration. -- To reverse an engine or a machine, to cause it +to perform its revolutions or action in the opposite direction. + +Syn. -- To overturn; overset; invert; overthrow; subvert; repeal; +annul; revoke; undo. + +Re*verse", v. i. 1. To return; to revert. [Obs.] Spenser. + +2. To become or be reversed. + +Re*versed" (?), a. 1. Turned side for side, or end for end; changed to +the contrary; specifically (Bot. & Zoöl.), sinistrorse or sinistral; +as, a reversed, or sinistral, spiral or shell. + +2. (Law) Annulled and the contrary substituted; as, a reversed judgment +or decree. + +Reversed positive or negative (Photog.), a picture corresponding with +the original in light and shade, but reversed as to right and left. +Abney. + +Re*vers"ed*ly (?), adv. In a reversed way. + +Re*verse"less, a. Irreversible. [R.] A. Seward. + +Re*verse"ly, adv. In a reverse manner; on the other hand; on the +opposite. Bp. Pearson. + +Re*vers"er (?), n. One who reverses. + +Re*vers`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being reversible. Tyndall. + +Re*vers"i*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. réversible revertible, reversionary.] 1. +Capable of being reversed; as, a chair or seat having a reversible +back; a reversible judgment or sentence. + +2. Hence, having a pattern or finished surface on both sides, so that +either may be used; -- said of fabrics. + +Reversible lock, a lock that may be applied to a door opening in either +direction, or hinged to either jamb. -- Reversible process. See under +Process. + +Re*vers"i*bly, adv. In a reversible manner. + +Re*vers"ing, a. Serving to effect reversal, as of motion; capable of +being reversed. + +Reversing engine, a steam engine having a reversing gear by means of +which it can be made to run in either direction at will. -- Reversing +gear (Mach.), gear for reversing the direction of rotation at will. + +Re*ver"sion (r*vr"shn), n. [F. réversion, L. reversio a turning back. +See Revert.] 1. The act of returning, or coming back; return. [Obs.] + + After his reversion home, [he] was spoiled, also, of all that he + brought with him. + + +Foxe. + +2. That which reverts or returns; residue. [Obs.] + + The small reversion of this great navy which came home might be + looked upon by religious eyes as relics. + + +Fuller. + +3. (Law) The returning of an estate to the grantor or his heirs, by +operation of law, after the grant has terminated; hence, the residue of +an estate left in the proprietor or owner thereof, to take effect in +possession, by operation of law, after the termination of a limited or +less estate carved out of it and conveyed by him. Kent. + +4. Hence, a right to future possession or enjoyment; succession. + + For even reversions are all begged before. + + +Dryden. + +5. (Annuities) A payment which is not to be received, or a benefit +which does not begin, until the happening of some event, as the death +of a living person. Brande & C. + +6. (Biol.) A return towards some ancestral type or character; atavism. + +Reversion of series (Alg.), the act of reverting a series. See To +revert a series, under Revert, v. t. + +Re*ver"sion*a*ry (?), a. (Law) Of or pertaining to a reversion; +involving a reversion; to be enjoyed in succession, or after the +termination of a particular estate; as, a reversionary interest or +right. + +Re*ver"sion*a*ry, n. (Law) That which is to be received in reversion. + +Re*ver"sion*er (?), n. (Law) One who has a reversion, or who is +entitled to lands or tenements, after a particular estate granted is +terminated. Blackstone. + +Re*ver"sis (?), n. [F.] A certain game at cards. + +Re*vert" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reverted; p. pr. & vb. n. Reverting.] +[L. revertere, reversum; pref. re- re- + vertere to turn: cf. OF. +revertir. See Verse, and cf. Reverse.] 1. To turn back, or to the +contrary; to reverse. + + Till happy chance revert the cruel scence. + + +Prior. + + The tumbling stream . . . Reverted, plays in undulating flow. + + +Thomson. + +2. To throw back; to reflect; to reverberate. + +3. (Chem.) To change back. See Revert, v. i. + +To revert a series (Alg.), to treat a series, as y = a + bx + cx2 + +etc., where one variable y is expressed in powers of a second variable +x, so as to find therefrom the second variable x, expressed in a series +arranged in powers of y. + +Re*vert", v. i. 1. To return; to come back. + + So that my arrows Would have reverted to my bow again. + + +Shak. + +2. (Law) To return to the proprietor after the termination of a +particular estate granted by him. + +3. (Biol.) To return, wholly or in part, towards some preëxistent form; +to take on the traits or characters of an ancestral type. + +4. (Chem.) To change back, as from a soluble to an insoluble state or +the reverse; thus, phosphoric acid in certain fertilizers reverts. + +Re*vert", n. One who, or that which, reverts. + + An active promoter in making the East Saxons converts, or rather + reverts, to the faith. + + +Fuller. + +Re*vert"ed, a. Turned back; reversed. Specifically: (Her.) Bent or +curved twice, in opposite directions, or in the form of an S. + +Re*vert"ent (?), n. (Med.) A remedy which restores the natural order of +the inverted irritative motions in the animal system. [Obs.] E. Darwin. + +Re*vert"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, reverts. + +2. (Law) Reversion. Burrill. + +Re*vert"i*ble (?), a. Capable of, or admitting of, reverting or being +reverted; as, a revertible estate. + +Re*vert"ive (?), a. Reverting, or tending to revert; returning. -- +Re*vert"ive*ly, adv. + + The tide revertive, unattracted, leaves A yellow waste of idle + sands behind. + + +Thomson. + +Rev"er*y (?), n. Same as Reverie. + +Re*vest" (r*vst"), v. t. [OF reverstir, F. revêtir, L. revestire; pref. +re- re- + vestire to clothe, fr. vestis a garment. See Vestry, and cf. +Revet.] 1. To clothe again; to cover, as with a robe; to robe. + + Her, nathless, . . . the enchanter Did thus revest and decked with + due habiliments. + + +Spenser. + +2. To vest again with possession or office; as, to revest a magistrate +with authority. + +Re*vest", v. i. To take effect or vest again, as a title; to revert to +former owner; as, the title or right revests in A after alienation. + +Re*ves"ti*a*ry (?), n. [LL. revestiarium: cf. F. revestiaire. See +Revest.] The apartment, in a church or temple, where the vestments, +etc., are kept; -- now contracted into vestry. + +Re*ves"try (?), n. Same as Revestiary. [Obs.] + +Re*vest"ture (?), n. Vesture. [Obs.] + + Richrevesture of cloth of gold. + + +E. Hall. + +Re*vet" (r*vt"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Revetted;p. pr. & vb. n. +Revetting.] [See Revetment.] (Mil. & Civil Engineering) To face, as an +embankment, with masonry, wood, or other material. + +Re*vet"ment (?), n. [F. revêtement the lining of a ditch, fr. revêtir +to clothe, L. revestire. See Revest, v. t.] (Fort. & Engin.) A facing +of wood, stone, or any other material, to sustain an embankment when it +receives a slope steeper than the natural slope; also, a retaining +wall. [Written also revêtement (&?;).] + +Re*vi"brate (?), v. i. To vibrate back or in return. -- Re`vi*bra"tion +(#), n. + +Re*vict" (?), v. t. [L. revictus, p. p. of revincere to conquer.] To +reconquer. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. + +Re*vic"tion (?), n. [From L. revivere, revictum, to live again; pref. +re- re- + vivere to live.] Return to life. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. + +Re*vict"ual (?), v. t. To victual again. + +Re*vie" (?), v. t. 1. To vie with, or rival, in return. + +2. (Card Playing) To meet a wager on, as on the taking of a trick, with +a higher wager. [Obs.] B. Jonson. + +Re*vie", v. i. 1. To exceed an adversary's wager in card playing. +[Obs.] + +2. To make a retort; to bandy words. [Obs.] + +Re*view" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Review&?;d (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Reveiwing.] [Pref. re- + view. Cf. Review, n. ] 1. To view or see +again; to look back on. [R.] "I shall review Sicilia." Shak. + +2. To go over and examine critically or deliberately. Specifically: (a) +To reconsider; to revise, as a manuscript before printing it, or a book +for a new edition. (b) To go over with critical examination, in order +to discover exellences or defects; hence, to write a critical notice +of; as, to review a new novel. (c) To make a formal or official +examination of the state of, as troops, and the like; as, to review a +regiment. (d) (Law) To reëxamine judically; as, a higher court may +review the proceedings and judgments of a lower one. + +3. To retrace; to go over again. + + Shall I the long, laborious scene review? + + +Pope. + +Re*view", v. i. To look back; to make a review. + +Re*view", n. [F. revue, fr. revu, p. p. of revoir to see again, L. +revidere; pref. re- re- + videre to see. See View, and cf. Revise.] 1. +A second or repeated view; a reëxamination; a retrospective survey; a +looking over again; as, a review of one's studies; a review of life. + +2. An examination with a view to amendment or improvement; revision; +as, an author's review of his works. + +3. A critical examination of a publication, with remarks; a criticism; +a critique. + +4. A periodical containing critical essays upon matters of interest, as +new productions in literature, art, etc. + +5. An inspection, as of troops under arms or of a naval force, by a +high officer, for the purpose of ascertaining the state of discipline, +equipments, etc. + +6. (Law) The judicial examination of the proceedings of a lower court +by a higher. + +7. A lesson studied or recited for a second time. + +Bill of review (Equity), a bill, in the nature of proceedings in error, +filed to procure an examination and alteration or reversal of a final +decree which has been duly signed and enrolled. Wharton. -- Commission +of review (Eng. Eccl. Law), a commission formerly granted by the crown +to revise the sentence of the court of delegates. + +Syn. -- Reëxamination; resurvey; retrospect; survey; reconsideration; +revisal; revise; revision. + +Re*view"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being reviewed. + +Re*view"al (?), n. A review. [R.] Southey. + +Re*view"er (?), n. One who reviews or reëxamines; an inspector; one who +examines publications critically, and publishes his opinion upon their +merits; a professional critic of books. + +Re*vig"or*ate (?), a. [LL. revigoratus, p. p. of revigorare; L. re- + +vigor vigor.] Having new vigor or strength; invigorated anew. [R.] +Southey. + +Re*vig"or*ate (?), v. t. To give new vigor to. [Obs.] + +Re*vile" (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Reviled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Reviling.] [Pref. re- + OF. aviler to make vile, depreciate, F. avilir; +à (L. ad.) + vil vile. See Vile.] To address or abuse with opprobrious +and contemptuous language; to reproach. "And did not she herself revile +me there?" Shak. + + Who, when he was reviled, reviled not again. + + +1 Pet. ii. 23. + +Syn. -- To reproach; vilify; upbraid; calumniate. + +Re*vile", n. Reproach; reviling. [Obs.] + + The gracious Judge, without revile, replied. + + +Milton. + +Re*vile"ment (?), n. The act of reviling; also, contemptuous language; +reproach; abuse. Spenser. + +Re*vil"er (?), n. One who reviles. 1. Cor. vi. 10. + +Re*vil"ing, n. Reproach; abuse; vilification. + + Neither be ye afraid of their revilings. + + +Isa. li. 7. + +Re*vil"ing, a. Uttering reproaches; containing reproaches. -- +Re*vil"ing*ly, adv. + +Re*vince" (?), v. t. [See Revict.] To overcome; to refute, as error. +[Obs.] Foxe. + +Re*vin"di*cate (?), v. t. [Pref. re- + vindicate. Cf. Revindicate, +Revenge.] To vindicate again; to reclaim; to demand and take back. +Mitford. + +Rev`i*res"cence (?), n. [L. revirescens, p. pr. of revirescere to grow +green again.] A growing green or fresh again; renewal of youth or +vigor. [Obs.] + +Re*vis"a*ble (?), a. That may be revised. + +Re*vis"al (?), n. [From Revise.] The act of revising, or reviewing and +reëxamining for correction and improvement; revision; as, the revisal +of a manuscript; the revisal of a proof sheet; the revisal of a treaty. + +Re*vise" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Revised (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Revising.] [F. reviser, fr. L. revidere, revisum, to see again; pref. +re- re- + videre, visum, to see. See Review, View.] 1. To look at again +for the detection of errors; to reëxamine; to review; to look over with +care for correction; as, to revise a writing; to revise a translation. + +2. (Print.) To compare (a proof) with a previous proof of the same +matter, and mark again such errors as have not been corrected in the +type. + +3. To review, alter, and amend; as, to revise statutes; to revise an +agreement; to revise a dictionary. + +The Revised Version of the Bible, a version prepared in accordance with +a resolution passed, in 1870, by both houses of the Convocation of the +Province of Canterbury, England. Both English and American revisers +were employed on the work. It was first published in a complete form in +1885, and is a revised form of the Authorized Version. See Authorized +Version, under Authorized. + +Re*vise", n. 1. A review; a revision. Boyle. + +2. (Print.) A second proof sheet; a proof sheet taken after the first +or a subsequent correction. + +Re*vis"er (?), n. One who revises. + +Re*vi"sion (?), n. [F. révision, L. revisio.] 1. The act of revising; +reëxamination for correction; review; as, the revision of a book or +writing, or of a proof sheet; a revision of statutes. + +2. That which is made by revising. + +Syn. -- Reëxamination; revisal; revise; review. + +{ Re*vi"sion*al (?), Re*vi"sion*a*ry (?), } a. Of or pertaining to +revision; revisory. + +<! p. 1235 !> + +Re*vis"it (?), v. t. 1. To visit again. Milton. + +2. To revise. [Obs.] Ld. Berners. + +Re*vis`it*a"tion (?), n. The act of revisiting. + +Re*vi"so*ry (?), a. Having the power or purpose to revise; revising. +Story. + +Re*vi"tal*ize (?), v. t. To restore vitality to; to bring back to life. +L. S. Beale. + +Re*viv"a*ble (?), a. That may be revived. + +Re*viv"al (?), n. [From Revive.] The act of reviving, or the state of +being revived. Specifically: (a) Renewed attention to something, as to +letters or literature. (b) Renewed performance of, or interest in, +something, as the drama and literature. (c) Renewed interest in +religion, after indifference and decline; a period of religious +awakening; special religious interest. (d) Reanimation from a state of +langour or depression; -- applied to the health, spirits, and the like. +(e) Renewed pursuit, or cultivation, or flourishing state of something, +as of commerce, arts, agriculture. (f) Renewed prevalence of something, +as a practice or a fashion. (g) (Law) Restoration of force, validity, +or effect; renewal; as, the revival of a debt barred by limitation; the +revival of a revoked will, etc. (h) Revivification, as of a metal. See +Revivification, 2. + +Re*viv"al*ism (?), n. The spirit of religious revivals; the methods of +revivalists. + +Re*viv"al*ist, n. A clergyman or layman who promotes revivals of +religion; an advocate for religious revivals; sometimes, specifically, +a clergyman, without a particular charge, who goes about to promote +revivals. Also used adjectively. + +Re*viv`al*is"tic (?), a. Pertaining to revivals. + +Re*vive" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Revived (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Reviving.] [F. revivere, L. revivere; pref. re- re- + vivere to live. +See Vivid.] 1. To return to life; to recover life or strength; to live +anew; to become reanimated or reinvigorated. Shak. + + The Lord heard the voice of Elijah; and the soul of the child came + into again, and he revived. + + +1 Kings xvii. 22. + +2. Hence, to recover from a state of oblivion, obscurity, neglect, or +depression; as, classical learning revived in the fifteenth century. + +3. (Old Chem.) To recover its natural or metallic state, as a metal. + +Re*vive", v. t. [Cf. F. reviver. See Revive, v. i.] 1. To restore, or +bring again to life; to reanimate. + + Those bodies, by reason of whose mortality we died, shall be + revived. + + +Bp. Pearson. + +2. To raise from coma, languor, depression, or discouragement; to bring +into action after a suspension. + + Those gracious words revive my drooping thoughts. + + +Shak. + + Your coming, friends, revives me. + + +Milton. + +3. Hence, to recover from a state of neglect or disuse; as, to revive +letters or learning. + +4. To renew in the mind or memory; to bring to recollection; to recall +attention to; to reawaken. "Revive the libels born to die." Swift. + + The mind has a power in many cases to revive perceptions which it + has once had. + + +Locke. + +5. (Old Chem.) To restore or reduce to its natural or metallic state; +as, to revive a metal after calcination. + +Re*vive"ment (?), n. Revival. [R.] + +Re*viv"er (?), n. One who, or that which, revives. + +Re`vi*vif"i*cate (?), v. t. [Pref. re- + vivificate: cf. L. +revivificare, revivificatum. Cf. Revivify.] To revive; to recall or +restore to life. [R.] + +Re*viv`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. révivification.] 1. Renewal of +life; restoration of life; the act of recalling, or the state of being +recalled, to life. + +2. (Old Chem.) The reduction of a metal from a state of combination to +its metallic state. + +Re*viv"i*fy (?), v. t. [Cf. F. révivifier, L. revivificare. See +Vivify.] To cause to revive. + + Some association may revivify it enough to make it flash, after a + long oblivion, into consciousness. + + +Sir W. Hamilton. + +Re*viv"ing (?), a. & n. Returning or restoring to life or vigor; +reanimating. Milton. -- Re*viv"ing*ly, adv. + +{ Rev`i*vis"cence (?), Rev`i*vis"cen*cy (?), } n. The act of reviving, +or the state of being revived; renewal of life. + + In this age we have a sort of reviviscence, not, I fear, of the + power, but of a taste for the power, of the early times. + + +Coleridge. + +Rev`i*vis"cent (?), a. [L. reviviscens, p. pr. ofreviviscere to revive; +pref. re- re- + viviscere, v. incho. fr. vivere to live.] Able or +disposed to revive; reviving. E. Darwin. + +Re*viv"or (?), n. (Eng. Law) Revival of a suit which is abated by the +death or marriage of any of the parties, -- done by a bill of revivor. +Blackstone. + +Rev`o*ca*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being revocable; as, the +revocability of a law. + +Rev"o*ca*ble (?), a. [L. revocabilis: cf. F. révocable. See Revoke.] +Capable of being revoked; as, a revocable edict or grant; a revocable +covenant. + +-- Rev"o*ca*ble*ness, n. -- Rev"o*ca*bly, adv. + +Rev"o*cate (?), v. t. [L. revocatus, p. p. of revocare. See Revoke.] To +recall; to call back. [Obs.] + +Rev`o*ca"tion (?), n. [L. revocatio: cf. F. révocation.] 1. The act of +calling back, or the state of being recalled; recall. + + One that saw the people bent for the revocation of Calvin, gave him + notice of their affection. + + +Hooker. + +2. The act by which one, having the right, annuls an act done, a power +or authority given, or a license, gift, or benefit conferred; repeal; +reversal; as, the revocation of an edict, a power, a will, or a +license. + +Rev"o**ca*to*ry (?), a. [L. revocatorius: cf. F. révocatoire.] Of or +pertaining to revocation; tending to, or involving, a revocation; +revoking; recalling. + +Re*voice" (?), v. t. To refurnish with a voice; to refit, as an organ +pipe, so as to restore its tone. + +Re*voke" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Revoked (?);p. pr. & vb. n. +Revoking.] [F. révoquer, L. revocare; pref. re- re- + vocare to call, +fr. vox, vocis, voice. See Voice, and cf. Revocate.] 1. To call or +bring back; to recall. [Obs.] + + The faint sprite he did revoke again, To her frail mansion of + morality. + + +Spenser. + +2. Hence, to annul, by recalling or taking back; to repeal; to rescind; +to cancel; to reverse, as anything granted by a special act; as, , to +revoke a will, a license, a grant, a permission, a law, or the like. +Shak. + +3. To hold back; to repress; to restrain. [Obs.] + + [She] still strove their sudden rages to revoke. + + +Spenser. + +4. To draw back; to withdraw. [Obs.] Spenser. + +5. To call back to mind; to recollect. [Obs.] + + A man, by revoking and recollecting within himself former passages, + will be still apt to inculcate these sad memoris to his conscience. + + +South. + +Syn. -- To abolish; recall; repeal; rescind; countermand; annul; +abrogate; cancel; reverse. See Abolish. + +Re*voke" (?), v. i. (Card Playing) To fail to follow suit when holding +a card of the suit led, in violation of the rule of the game; to +renege. Hoyle. + +Re*voke", n. (Card Playing) The act of revoking. + + She [Sarah Battle] never made a revoke. + + +Lamb. + +Re*voke"ment (?), n. Revocation. [R.] Shak. + +Re*vok"er (?), n. One who revokes. + +Re*vok"ing*ly, adv. By way of revocation. + +Re*volt" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Revolted; p. pr. & vb. n. Revolting.] +[Cf. F. révoller, It. rivoltare. See Revolt, n.] 1. To turn away; to +abandon or reject something; specifically, to turn away, or shrink, +with abhorrence. + + But this got by casting pearl to hogs, That bawl for freedom in + their senseless mood, And still revolt when trith would set them + free. + + +Milton. + + HIs clear intelligence revolted from the dominant sophisms of that + time. + + +J. Morley. + +2. Hence, to be faithless; to desert one party or leader for another; +especially, to renounce allegiance or subjection; to rise against a +government; to rebel. + + Our discontented counties do revolt. + + +Shak. + + Plant those that have revolted in the van. + + +Shak. + +3. To be disgusted, shocked, or grossly offended; hence, to feel +nausea; -- with at; as, the stomach revolts at such food; his nature +revolts at cruelty. + +Re*volt", v. t. 1. To cause to turn back; to roll or drive back; to put +to flight. [Obs.] Spenser. + +2. To do violence to; to cause to turn away or shrink with abhorrence; +to shock; as, to revolt the feelings. + + This abominable medley is made rather to revolt young and ingenuous + minds. + + +Burke. + + To derive delight from what inflicts pain on any sentient creatuure + revolted his conscience and offended his reason. + + +J. Morley. + +Re*volt", n. [F. révolte, It. rivolta, fr. rivolto, p. p. fr. L. +revolvere, revolutum. See Revolve.] 1. The act of revolting; an +uprising against legitimate authority; especially, a renunciation of +allegiance and subjection to a government; rebellion; as, the revolt of +a province of the Roman empire. + + Who first seduced them to that foul revolt? + + +Milton. + +2. A revolter. [Obs.] "Ingrate revolts." Shak. + +Syn. -- Insurrection; sedition; rebellion; mutiny. See Insurrection. + +Re*volt"er (?), n. One who revolts. + +Re*volt"ing, a. Causing abhorrence mixed with disgust; exciting extreme +repugnance; loathsome; as, revolting cruelty. -- Re*volt"ing*ly, adv. + +Rev"o*lu*ble (?), a. [L. revolubilis that may be rolled back. See +Revolve.] Capable of revolving; rotatory; revolving. [Obs.] + + Us, then, to whom the thrice three year Hath filled his revoluble + orb since our arrival here, I blame not. + + +Chapman. + +Rev"o*lute (?), a. [L. revolutus, p. p. of revolvere. See Revolve.] +(Bot. & Zoöl.) Rolled backward or downward. + +A revolute leaf is coiled downwards, with the lower surface inside the +coil. A leaf with revolute margins has the edges rolled under, as in +the Andromeda polifilia. + +Rev`o*lu"tion (?), n. [F. révolution, L. revolutio. See Revolve.] 1. +The act of revolving, or turning round on an axis or a center; the +motion of a body round a fixed point or line; rotation; as, the +revolution of a wheel, of a top, of the earth on its axis, etc. + +2. Return to a point before occupied, or to a point relatively the +same; a rolling back; return; as, revolution in an ellipse or spiral. + + That fear Comes thundering back, with dreadful revolution, On my + defenseless head. + + +Milton. + +3. The space measured by the regular return of a revolving body; the +period made by the regular recurrence of a measure of time, or by a +succession of similar events. "The short revolution of a day." Dryden. + +4. (Astron.) The motion of any body, as a planet or satellite, in a +curved line or orbit, until it returns to the same point again, or to a +point relatively the same; -- designated as the annual, anomalistic, +nodical, sidereal, or tropical revolution, according as the point of +return or completion has a fixed relation to the year, the anomaly, the +nodes, the stars, or the tropics; as, the revolution of the earth about +the sun; the revolution of the moon about the earth. + +The term is sometimes applied in astronomy to the motion of a single +body, as a planet, about its own axis, but this motion is usually +called rotation. + +5. (Geom.) The motion of a point, line, or surface about a point or +line as its center or axis, in such a manner that a moving point +generates a curve, a moving line a surface (called a surface of +revolution), and a moving surface a solid (called a solid of +revolution); as, the revolution of a right-angled triangle about one of +its sides generates a cone; the revolution of a semicircle about the +diameter generates a sphere. + +6. A total or radical change; as, a revolution in one's circumstances +or way of living. + + The ability . . . of the great philosopher speedily produced a + complete revolution throughout the department. + + +Macaulay. + +7. (Politics) A fundamental change in political organization, or in a +government or constitution; the overthrow or renunciation of one +government, and the substitution of another, by the governed. + + The violence of revolutions is generally proportioned to the degree + of the maladministration which has produced them. + + +Macaulay. + +When used without qualifying terms, the word is often applied +specifically, by way of eminence, to: (a) The English Revolution in +1689, when William of Orange and Mary became the reigning sovereigns, +in place of James II. (b) The American Revolution, beginning in 1775, +by which the English colonies, since known as the United States, +secured their independence. (c) The revolution in France in 1789, +commonly called the French Revolution, the subsequent revolutions in +that country being designated by their dates, as the Revolution of +1830, of 1848, etc. + +Rev`o*lu"tion*a*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. révolutionnaire.] Of or pertaining +to a revolution in government; tending to, or promoting, revolution; +as, revolutionary war; revolutionary measures; revolutionary agitators. + +Rev`o*lu"tion*a*ry, n. A revolutionist. [R.] + + Dumfries was a Tory town, and could not tolerate a revolutionary. + + +Prof. Wilson. + +Rev`o*lu"tion*er (?), n. One who is engaged in effecting a revolution; +a revolutionist. Smollett. + +Rev`o*lu"tion*ism (?), n. The state of being in revolution; +revolutionary doctrines or principles. + +Rev`o*lu"tion*ist, n. One engaged in effecting a change of government; +a favorer of revolution. Burke. + +Rev`o*lu"tion*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Revolutioniezed (?); p. pr. +& vb. n. Revolutionizing(?).] To change completely, as by a revolution; +as, to revolutionize a government. Ames. + + The gospel . . . has revolutionized his soul. + + +J. M. Mason. + +Re*vol"u*tive (?), a. Inclined to revolve things in the mind; +meditative. [Obs.] Feltham. + +Re*volv"a*ble (?), a. That may be revolved. + +Re*volve" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Revolved(?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Revolving.] [L. revolvere, revolutum; pref. re- re- + volvere to roll, +turn round. See Voluble, and cf. Revolt, revolution.] 1. To turn or +roll round on, or as on, an axis, like a wheel; to rotate, -- which is +the more specific word in this sense. + + If the earth revolve thus, each house near the equator must move a + thousand miles an hour. + + +I. Watts. + +2. To move in a curved path round a center; as, the planets revolve +round the sun. + +3. To pass in cycles; as, the centuries revolve. + +4. To return; to pass. [R.] Ayliffe. + +Re*volve", v. t. 1. To cause to turn, as on an axis. + + Then in the east her turn she shines, Revolved on heaven's great + axile. + + +Milton. + +2. Hence, to turn over and over in the mind; to reflect repeatedly +upon; to consider all aspects of. + + This having heard, straight I again revolved The law and prophets. + + +Milton. + +Re*volve"ment (?), n. Act of revolving. [R.] + +Re*volv"en*cy (?), n. The act or state of revolving; revolution. +[Archaic] + + Its own revolvency upholds the world. + + +Cowper. + +Re*volv"er (?), n. One who, or that which, revolves; specifically, a +firearm ( commonly a pistol) with several chambers or barrels so +arranged as to revolve on an axis, and be discharged in succession by +the same lock; a repeater. + +Re*volv"ing, a. Making a revolution or revolutions; rotating; -- used +also figuratively of time, seasons, etc., depending on the revolution +of the earth. + + But grief returns with the revolving year. + + +Shelley. + + Revolving seasons, fruitless as they pass. + + +Cowper. + +Revolving firearm. See Revolver. -- Revolving light, a light or lamp in +a lighthouse so arranged as to appear and disappear at fixed intervals, +either by being turned about an axis so as to show light only at +intervals, or by having its light occasionally intercepted by a +revolving screen. + +Re*vulse" (?), v. t. [L. revulsus, p. p. of revellere.] To pull back +with force. [R.] Cowper. + +Re*vul"sion (?), n. [F. révulsion, L. revulsio, fr. revellere, +revulsum, to pluck or pull away; pref. re- re- + vellere to pull. Cf. +Convulse.] 1. A strong pulling or drawing back; withdrawal. "Revulsions +and pullbacks." SSir T. Brovne. + +2. A sudden reaction; a sudden and complete change; -- applied to the +feelings. + + A sudden and violent revulsion of feeling, both in the Parliament + and the country, followed. + + +Macaulay. + +3. (Med.) The act of turning or diverting any disease from one part of +the body to another. It resembles derivation, but is usually applied to +a more active form of counter irritation. + +Re*vul"sive (?), a. [Cf. F. révulsif.] Causing, or tending to, +revulsion. + +Re*vul"sive, n. That which causes revulsion; specifically (Med.), a +revulsive remedy or agent. + +Rew (?), n. [See Row a series.] A row. [Obs.] Chaucer. "A rew of sundry +colored stones." Chapman. + +Re*wake"" (?), v. t. & i. To wake again. + +<! p. 1236 !> + +Re*ward" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rewarded; p. pr. & vb. n. Rewarding.] +[OF. rewarder, another form of regarder, of German origin. The original +sense is, to look at, regard, hence, to regard as worthy, give a reward +to. See Ward, Regard.] To give in return, whether good or evil; -- +commonly in a good sense; to requite; to recompense; to repay; to +compensate. + + After the deed that is done, one doom shall reward, Mercy or no + mercy as truth will accord. + + +Piers Plowman. + + Thou hast rewarded me good, whereas I have rewarded thee evil. + + +1 Sam. xxiv. 17. + + I will render vengeance to mine enemies, and will reward them that + hate me. + + +Deut. xxxii. 41. + + God rewards those that have made use of the single talent. + + +Hammond. + +Re*ward" (?), n. [See Reward, v., and cf. Regard, n.] 1. Regard; +respect; consideration. [Obs.] + + Take reward of thine own value. + + +Chaucer. + +2. That which is given in return for good or evil done or received; +esp., that which is offered or given in return for some service or +attainment, as for excellence in studies, for the return of something +lost, etc.; recompense; requital. + + Thou returnest From flight, seditious angel, to receive Thy merited + reward. + + +Milton. + + Rewards and punishments do always presuppose something willingly + done well or ill. + + +Hooker. + +3. Hence, the fruit of one's labor or works. + + The dead know not anything, neither have they any more a reward. + + +Eccl. ix. 5. + +4. (Law) Compensation or remuneration for services; a sum of money paid +or taken for doing, or forbearing to do, some act. Burrill. + +Syn. -- Recompense; compensation; remuneration; pay; requital; +retribution; punishment. + +Re*ward"a*ble (?), a. Worthy of reward. -- Re*ward"a*ble*ness, n. -- +Re*ward"a*bly, adv. + +Re*ward"er (?), n. One who rewards. + +Re*ward"ful (?), a. Yielding reward. [R.] + +Re*ward"less, a. Having, or affording, no reward. + +Rewe (r), v. t. & i. To rue. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Rew"el bone` (?). [Perh. from F. rouelle, dim. of roue a wheel, L. +rota.] An obsolete phrase of disputed meaning, -- perhaps, smooth or +polished bone. + + His saddle was of rewel boon. + + +Chaucer. + +Rew"et (r"t), n. [See Rouet.] A gunlock. [R.] + +Rew"ful (?), a. Rueful. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Re*win" (?), v. t. To win again, or win back. + + The Palatinate was not worth the rewinning. + + +Fuller. + +Rewle (?), n. & v. Rule. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Rewme (?), n. Realm. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. + +Re*word" (?), v. t. 1. To repeat in the same words; to reëcho. [Obs.] +Shak. + +2. To alter the wording of; to restate in other words; as, to reword an +idea or a passage. + +Re*write" (?), v. t. To write again. Young. + +Rewth (?), n. Ruth. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +||Rex (?), n.; pl. Reges (#). [L.] A king. + +To play rex, to play the king; to domineer. [Obs.] + +Reyn (?), n. Rain or rein. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Rey"nard (?), n. An appelation applied after the manner of a proper +name to the fox. Same as Renard. + +Reyse (?), v. t. To raise. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Reyse, v. i. [Cf. G. reisen to travel.] To go on a military expedition. +[Obs.] Chaucer. + +Rha*bar"ba*rate (?), a. [From NL. rhabarbarum, an old name of rhubarb. +See Rhubarb.] Impregnated or tinctured with rhubarb. Floyer. + +{ Rha*bar"ba*rin (?), or Rha*bar"ba*rine (?) }, n. (Chem.) Chrysophanic +acid. + +Rhab"dite (?), n. [Gr. "ra`bdos a rod.] 1. (Zoöl.) A minute smooth +rodlike or fusiform structure found in the tissues of many Turbellaria. + +2. (Zoöl.) One of the hard parts forming the ovipositor of insects. + +||Rhab`do*cœ"la (rb`d*s"l), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "ra`bdos a rod + +||koi^los hollow.] (Zoöl.) A suborder of Turbellaria including those +||that have a simple cylindrical, or saclike, stomach, without an +||intestine. + +Rhab`do*cœ"lous (-ls), a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the Rhabdocœla. + +Rhab*doid"al (?), a. See Sagittal. + +Rhab"do*lith (?), n. [Gr. "ra`bdos a rod + -lith.] A minute calcareous +rodlike structure found both at the surface and the bottom of the +ocean; -- supposed by some to be a calcareous alga. + +Rhab*dol"o*gy (?), n. Same as Rabdology. + +Rhab"dom (rb"dm), n. [Gr. "ra`bdwma a bundle of rods, fr. "ra`bdos a +rod.] (Zoöl.) One of numerous minute rodlike structures formed of two +or more cells situated behind the retinulæ in the compound eyes of +insects, etc. See Illust. under Ommatidium. + +Rhab"do*man`cy (?), n. Same as Rabdomancy. + +Rhab"do*mere (?), n. [Rhabdom + -mere.] (Zoöl.) One of the several +parts composing a rhabdom. + +||Rhab*doph"o*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "ra`bdos a rod + &?;&?;&?; +||to bear.] (Zoöl.) An extinct division of Hydrozoa which includes the +||graptolities. + +||Rhab`do*pleu"ra (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "ra`bdos a rod + &?;&?;&?;&?; +||the side.] (Zoöl.) A genus of marine Bryozoa in which the tubular +||cells have a centralchitinous axis and the tentacles are borne on a +||bilobed lophophore. It is the type of the order Pterobranchia, or +||Podostomata + +Rhab"do*sphere (?), n. [Gr. "ra`bdos a rod + E. sphere.] A minute +sphere composed of rhabdoliths. + +||Rha`chi*al"gi*a (?), n. [NL.] See Rachialgia. + +Rha*chid"i*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to the rhachis; as, the +rhachidian teeth of a mollusk. + +||Rhach`i*glos"sa (?), n. pl. [NL. See Rhachis, and Glossa.] (Zoöl.) A +||division of marine gastropods having a retractile proboscis and three +||longitudinal rows of teeth on the radula. It includes many of the +||large ornamental shells, as the miters, murices, olives, purpuras, +||volutes, and whelks. See Illust. in Append. + +||Rha*chil"la (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "ra`chis the spine.] (Bot.) A +||branch of inflorescence; the zigzag axis on which the florets are +||arranged in the spikelets of grasses. + +Rha"chi*o*dont (?), a. [Gr. "ra`chis, -ios, the spine + &?;&?;&?;, +&?;&?;&?;, a tooth.] (Zoöl.) Having gular teeth formed by a peculiar +modification of the inferior spines of some of the vertebræ, as certain +South African snakes (Dasypeltis) which swallow birds' eggs and use +these gular teeth to crush them. + +||Rha"chis (?), n.; pl. E. Rhachises (#), L. Rhachides (#). [See +||Rachis.] [Written also rechis.] 1. (Anat.) The spine. + +2. (Bot.) (a) The continued stem or midrib of a pinnately compound +leaf, as in a rose leaf or a fern. (b) The principal axis in a raceme, +spike, panicle, or corymb. + +3. (Zoöl.) (a) The shaft of a feather. The rhachis of the after-shaft, +or plumule, is called the hyporhachis. (b) The central cord in the stem +of a crinoid. (c) The median part of the radula of a mollusk. (d) A +central cord of the ovary of nematodes. + +||Rha*chi"tis (?), n. [NL.] See Rachitis. + +Rhad`a*man"thine (?), a. Of or pertaining to Rhadamanthus; rigorously +just; as, a Rhadamanthine judgment. + +Rhad`a*man"thus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;&?;&?;.] (Greek Mythol.) One of +the three judges of the infernal regions; figuratively, a strictly just +judge. + +Rhæ"ti*an (?), a & n. Rhetain. + +Rhæ"tic (?), a. [L. Rhaeticus Rhetian.] (Geol.) Pertaining to, or of +the same horizon as, certain Mesozoic strata of the Rhetian Alps. These +strata are regarded as closing the Triassic period. See the Chart of +Geology. + +Rhæ"ti*zite (?), n. [So called from L. Rhaetia, Raetia, the Rhetian +Alps, where it is found.] (Min.) A variety of the mineral cyanite. + +||Rham`a*dan" (?), n. See Ramadan. + +Rham*na"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to a natural order of +shrubs and trees (Rhamnaceæ, or Rhamneæ) of which the buckthorn +(Rhamnus) is the type. It includes also the New Jersey tea, the +supple-jack, and one of the plants called lotus (Zizyphus). + +||Rham"nus (?), n. [NL., from Gr. "ra`mnos a kind of prickly shrub; cf. +||L. rhamnos.] (Bot.) A genus of shrubs and small trees; buckthorn. The +||California Rhamnus Purshianus and the European R. catharticus are +||used in medicine. The latter is used for hedges. + +||Rham`pho*rhyn"chus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "ra`mfos a beak + +||&?;&?;&?;&?; snout.] (Paleon.) A genus of pterodactyls in which the +||elongated tail supported a leathery expansion at the tip. + +||Rham`pho*the"ca (?), n.; pl. Rhamphothecæ (#). [NL., fr. Gr "ra`mnos +||a beak + &?;&?; a case.] (Zoöl.) The horny covering of the bill of +||birds. + +Rha"phe (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;&?;&?; seam, fr. &?;&?;&?; to sew. ] +(Bot.) The continuation of the seed stalk along the side of an +anatropous ovule or seed, forming a ridge or seam. [Written also +raphe.] Gray. + +||Rhaph"i*des (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;&?;&?;, &?;&?;&?;, a needle, +||F. raphides.] (Bot.) Minute transparent, often needle-shaped, +||crystals found in the tissues of plants. [Written also raphides.] + +Rha*pon"ti*cine (&?;), n. [L. rhaponticum rhubarb. See Rhubarb.] +(Chem.) Chrysophanic acid. + +Rhap"sode (rp"sd), n. [Gr. "rapsw,do`s. See Rhapsody.] (Gr. Antiq.) A +rhapsodist. [R.] Grote. + +Rhap"so*der (?), n. A rhapsodist. [Obs.] + +{ Rhap*sod"ic (?), Rhap*sod"ic (?) }, a. [Gr. "rapsw,diko`s: cf. F. +rhapsodique.] Of or pertaining to rhapsody; consisting of rhapsody; +hence, confused; unconnected. -- Rhap*sod"ic*al*ly, adv. + +Rhap"so*dist (?), n. [From Rhapsody.] 1. Anciently, one who recited or +composed a rhapsody; especially, one whose profession was to recite the +verses of Hormer and other epic poets. + +2. Hence, one who recites or sings poems for a livelihood; one who +makes and repeats verses extempore. + + The same populace sit for hours listening to rhapsodists who recite + Ariosto. + + +Carlyle. + +3. One who writes or speaks disconnectedly and with great excitement or +affectation of feeling. I. Watts. + +Rhap"so*dize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rhapsodized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Rhapsodizing.] To utter as a rhapsody, or in the manner of a rhapsody +Sterne. + +Rhap"so*dize, v. i. To utter rhapsodies. Jefferson. + +Rhap"so*do*man`cy (?), n. [Rhapsody + -mancy.] Divination by means of +verses. + +Rhap"so*dy (?), n.; pl. Rhapsodies (#). [F. rhapsodie, L. rhapsodia, +Gr. "rapsw,di`a, fr. "rapsw,do`s a rhapsodist; "ra`ptein to sew, stitch +together, unite + 'w,dh` a song. See Ode.] 1. A recitation or song of a +rhapsodist; a portion of an epic poem adapted for recitation, or +usually recited, at one time; hence, a division of the Iliad or the +Odyssey; -- called also a book. + +2. A disconnected series of sentences or statements composed under +excitement, and without dependence or natural connection; rambling +composition. "A rhapsody of words." Shak. "A rhapsody of tales." Locke. + +3. (Mus.) A composition irregular in form, like an improvisation; as, +Liszt's "Hungarian Rhapsodies." + +{ Rhat"a*ny, Rhat"an*hy } (?), n. [Sp. ratania, rataña, Peruv. rataña.] +The powerfully astringent root of a half- shrubby Peruvian plant +(Krameria triandra). It is used in medicine and to color port wine. +[Written also ratany.] + +Savanilla rhatany, the root of Krameria Ixina, a native of New Granada. + +Rhe"a (?), n. (Bot.) The ramie or grass-cloth plant. See Grass-cloth +plant, under Grass. + +Rhe"a, n. [L., a proper name.] (Zoöl.) Any one of three species of +large South American ostrichlike birds of the genera Rhea and +Pterocnemia. Called also the American ostrich. + +The common rhea, or nandou (Rhea Americana), ranges from Brazil to +Patagonia. Darwin's rhea (Pterocnemia Darwinii), of Patagonia, is +smaller, and has the legs feathered below the knee. + +||Rhe"æ (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) A suborder of struthious birds +||including the rheas. + +Rhee"boc (?), n. [D. reebok roebuck.] (Zoöl.) The peele. [Written also +reebok.] + +Rhe"ic (?), a. [NL. Rheum rhubarb, Gr. &?;&?;&?; See Rhubarb.] (Chem.) +Pertaining to, or designating, an acid (commonly called chrysophanic +acid) found in rhubarb (Rheum). [Obsoles.] + +Rhe"in (?), n. (Chem.) Chrysophanic acid. + +Rhein"ber*ry (?), n. [G. rheinbeere.] (Bot.) One of the berries or +drupes of the European buckthorn; also, the buckthorn itself. + +Rhe*mat"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?; of or for a verb, fr. &?;&?;&?;, +&?;&?;&?;, a sentence. See Rhetoric.] (Gram.) Having a verb for its +base; derived from a verb; as, rhematic adjectives. Ftzed. Hall. + +Rhe*mat"ic, n. The doctrine of propositions or sentences. Coleridge. + +Rhemish (?), a. Of or pertaining to Rheimis, or Reima, in France. + +Rhemish Testament, the English version of the New Testament used by +Roman Catholics. See Douay Bible. + +Rhen"ish (?), a. [L. Rhenus the Rhine. ] Of or pertaining to the river +Rhine; as, Rhenish wine. -- n. Rhine wine. + +Rhe"o*chord (?), n. [Gr. "rei^n to flow + &?;&?;&?; chord.] (Elec.) A +metallic wire used for regulating the resistance of a circuit, or +varying the strength of an electric current, by inserting a greater or +less length of it in the circuit. + +Rhe*om"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. "rei^n to flow + -meter.] [Written also +reometer.] 1. (Physics) An instrument for measuring currents, +especially the force or intensity of electrical currents; a +galvanometer. + +2. (Physiol.) An instrument for measuring the velocity of the blood +current in the arteries. + +Rhe`o*met"ric (?), a. Of or pertaining to a rheometer or rheometry. +Lardner. + +Rhe*om"e*try (?), n. 1. The measurement of the force or intensity of +currents. + +2. (Math.) The calculus; fluxions. [R.] + +Rhe"o*mo`tor (?), n. [Gr. "rei^n to flow + E. motor.] (Elec.) Any +apparatus by which an electrical current is originated. [R.] + +Rhe"o*phore (?), n. [Gr. "rei^n to flow + &?;&?;&?; to carry.] (Elec.) +(a) A connecting wire of an electric or voltaic apparatus, traversed by +a current. (b) One of the poles of a voltaic battery; an electrode. + +Rhe"o*scope (?), n. [Gr. "rei^n to flow + -scope.] (Physics) An +instrument for detecting the presence or movement of currents, as of +electricity. + +Rhe"o*stat (?), n. [Gr. "rei^n + stato`s standing still.] (Elec.) A +contrivance for adjusting or regulating the strength of electrical +currents, operating usually by the intercalation of resistance which +can be varied at will. Wheatstone. -- Rhe`o*stat"ic (#), a. + +Rhe"o*tome (-tm), n. [Gr. "rei^n to flow + te`mnein to cut.] (Elec.) An +instrument which periodically or otherwise interrupts an electric +current. Wheatstone. + +Rhe"o*trope (?), n. [Gr. "rei^n to flow + &?;&?;&?; to turn.] (Elec.) +An instrument for reversing the direction of an electric current. +[Written also reotrope.] + +||Rhe"sus (?), n. [L. Rhesus, a proper name, Gr. &?;&?;&?;.] (Zoöl.) A +||monkey; the bhunder. + +<! p. 1237 !> + +Rhe"ti*an (?), a. [L. Rhaetius, Raetius: cf. F. rhétien.] Pertaining to +the ancient Rhæti, or Rhætians, or to Rhætia, their country; as, the +Rhetian Alps, now the country of Tyrol and the Grisons. + +Rhe"tic (?), a. (Min.) Same as Rhætic. + +Rhe"ti*zite (?), n. (Min.) Same as Rhætizite. + +Rhe"tor (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;&?;&?;.] A rhetorician. [Obs.] Hammond. + +Rhet"o*ric (?), n. [F. rhétorique, L. rhetorica, Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?; (sc. +&?;&?;&?;), fr. &?;&?;&?; rhetorical, oratorical, fr. &?;&?;&?; orator, +rhetorician; perhaps akin to E. word; cf. &?;&?;&?; to say.] 1. The art +of composition; especially, elegant composition in prose. + +2. Oratory; the art of speaking with propriety, elegance, and force. +Locke. + +3. Hence, artificial eloquence; fine language or declamation without +conviction or earnest feeling. + +4. Fig. : The power of persuasion or attraction; that which allures or +charms. + + Sweet, silent rhetoric of persuading eyes. + + +Daniel. + +Rhe*tor"ic*al (?), a. [L. rhetoricus, Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;. See Rhetoric.] +Of or pertaining to rhetoric; according to, or exhibiting, rhetoric; +oratorical; as, the rhetorical art; a rhetorical treatise; a rhetorical +flourish. + + They permit him to leave their poetical taste ungratified, provided + that he gratifies their rhetorical sense. + + +M. Arnold. + +-- Rhe*tor"ic*al*ly, adv. -- Rhe*tor"ic*al*ness, n. + +Rhe*tor"i*cate (?), v. i. [L. rhetoricari. See Rhetoric.] To play the +orator. [Obs.] South. + +Rhe*tor`i*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. rhétorication.] Rhetorical +amplification. [Obs.] Waterland. + +Rhet`o*ri"cian (?), n. [Cf. F. rhétoricien.] 1. One well versed in the +rules and principles of rhetoric. + + The understanding is that by which a man becomes a mere logician + and a mere rhetorician. + + +F. W. Robertson. + +2. A teacher of rhetoric. + + The ancient sophists and rhetoricians, which ever had young + auditors, lived till they were an hundred years old. + + +Bacon. + +3. An orator; specifically, an artificial orator without genuine +eloquence; a declaimer. Macaulay. + +Rhet`o*ri"cian, a. Suitable to a master of rhetoric. "With rhetorician +pride." Blackmore. + +Rhet"o*rize (rt"*rz), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rhetorized (- rzd); p. pr. & +vb. n. Rhetorizing (- r`zng).] To play the orator. Colgrave. + +Rhet"o*rize, v. t. To represent by a figure of rhetoric, or by +personification. Milton. + +||Rhe"um (r"m), n. [NL., from L. Rha the river Volga, on the banks of +||which it grows. See Rhubarb.] (Bot.) A genus of plants. See Rhubarb. + +Rheum (rm), n. [OF. reume, rheume, F. rhume a cold,, L. rheuma rheum, +from Gr. &?;&?;&?;, fr. "rei^n to flow, akin to E. stream. See Stream, +n., and cf. Hemorrhoids.] (Med.) A serous or mucous discharge, +especially one from the eves or nose. + + I have a rheum in mine eyes too. + + +Shak. + +Salt rheum. (Med.) See Salt rheum, in the Vocab. + +Rheu*mat"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;&?;&?; subject to a discharge or flux: cf. +L. rheumaticus, F. rhumatique. See Rheum, Rheumatism.] 1. Derived from, +or having the character of, rheum; rheumic. [Obs.] + +2. (Med.) Of or pertaining to rheumatism; as, rheumatic pains or +affections; affected with rheumatism; as, a rheumatic old man; causing +rheumatism; as, a rheumatic day. + + That rheumatic diseases do abound. + + +Shak. + +Rheu*mat"ic, n. One affected with rheumatism. + +Rheu"ma*tism (?), n. [L. rheumatismus rheum, Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;, +fr.&?;&?;&?; to have or suffer from a flux, fr. &?;&?;&?; rheum: cf. F. +rheumatisme. See 2d Rheum.] (Med.) A general disease characterized by +painful, often multiple, local inflammations, usually affecting the +joints and muscles, but also extending sometimes to the deeper organs, +as the heart. + +Inflammatory rheumatism (Med.), acute rheumatism attended with fever, +and attacking usually the larger joints, which become swollen, hot, and +very painful. -- Rheumatism root. (Bot.) See Twinleaf. + +Rheu`ma*tis"mal (?), a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to rheumatism. + +Rheu`ma*tis"moid (?), a. [Rheumatism + -oid.] (Med.) Of or resembling +rheum or rheumatism. + +Rheum"ic (?), a. (Med.) Pertaining to, or characterized by, rheum. + +Rheumic diathesis. See Dartrous diathesis, under Dartrous. + +||Rheu"mi*des (?), n. pl. [NL. See Rheum.] (Med.) The class of skin +||disease developed by the dartrous diathesis. See under Dartrous. + +Rheum"y (?), a. Of or pertaining to rheum; abounding in, or causing, +rheum; affected with rheum. + + His head and rheumy eyes distill in showers. + + +Dryden. + + And tempt the rheumy and unpurged air To add unto his sickness. + + +Shak. + +Rhig"o*lene (?), n. [Gr. &?;&?;&?; cold + L. oleum oil.] (Chem.) A +mixture of volatile hydrocarbons intermediate between gsolene and +cymogene. It is obtained in the purification of crude petroleum, and is +used as a refregerant. + +Rhime (?), n. See Rhyme. [Obs.] + +Rhi"nal (?), a. [Gr&?;&?;&?;, &?;&?;&?;, the nose.] (Anat.) Og or +pertaining to the nose or olfactory organs. + +||Rhi*nas"ter (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;&?;&?;, &?;&?;&?;, nose + +||&?;&?;&?; star.] (Zoöl.) The borele. + +Rhine (?), n. [AS. ryne. See Run.] A water course; a ditch. [Written +also rean.] [Prov. Eng.] Macaulay. + +Rhi`nen*ce*phal"ic (?), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the +rhinencephalon. + +||Rhi`nen*ceph"a*lon (?), n.; pl. Rhinencephala (#). [NL., fr. Gr. +||&?;&?;&?;, &?;&?;&?;, the nose + &?;&?; the brain.] (Anat.) The +||division of the brain in front of the prosencephalon, consisting of +||the two olfactory lobes from which the olfactory nerves arise. + +The term is sometimes used for one of the olfactory lobes, the plural +being used for the two taken together. + +Rhine"stone` (?), n. [Cf. G. rheinkiesel Rhine quartz.] A colorless +stone of high luster, made of paste. It is much used as an inexpensive +ornament. + +||Rhi*ni"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;&?;. &?;&?;&?;, the nose + +||-itis.] (Med.) Infllammation of the nose; esp., inflammation of the +||mucous membrane of the nostrils. + +Rhi*no (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] Gold and silver, or money. [Cant] +W. Wagstaffe. + + As long as the rhino lasted. + + +Marryat. + +Rhi"no-. A combining form from Greek &?;&?;, &?;&?;&?;, the nose, as in +rhinolith, rhinology. + +{ Rhi`no*ce"ri*al (?), Rhi`no*cer"ic*al (?), } a. (Zoöl.) Of or +pertaining to the rhinoceros; resembling the rhinoceros, or his horn. +Tatler. + +Rhi*noc"e*ros (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. &?;&?;&?;, &?;&?;&?;; &?;&?;&?;. +&?;&?;&?;, the nose + &?;&?;&?; a horn: cf. F. rhinocéros. See Horn.] +(Zoöl.) Any pachyderm belonging to the genera Rhinoceros, Atelodus, and +several allied genera of the family Rhinocerotidæ, of which several +living, and many extinct, species are known. They are large and +powerful, and usually have either one or two stout conical median horns +on the snout. + +The Indian, or white, and the Javan rhinoceroses (Rhinoceros Indicus +and R. Sondaicus) have incisor and canine teeth, but only one horn, and +the very thick skin forms shieldlike folds. The two or three African +species belong to Atelodus, and have two horns, but lack the dermal +folds, and the incisor and canine teeth. The two Malay, or East Indian, +two- horned species belong to Ceratohinus, in which incisor and canine +teeth are present. See Borele, and Keitloa. + +Rhinoceros auk (Zoöl.), an auk of the North Pacific (Cerorhina +monocrata) which has a deciduous horn on top of the bill. -- Rhinoceros +beetle (Zoöl.), a very large beetle of the genus Dynastes, having a +horn on the head. -- Rhinoceros bird. (Zoöl.) (a) A large hornbill +(Buceros rhinoceros), native of the East Indies. It has a large hollow +hornlike process on the bill. Called also rhinoceros hornbill. See +Hornbill. (b) An African beefeater (Buphaga Africana). It alights on +the back of the rhinoceros in search of parasitic insects. + +Rhi*noc"e*rote (?), n. A rhinoceros. [Obs.] B. Jonson. + +Rhi*noc`e*rot"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the rhinoceros. [R.] + +{ Rhi"no*lite (?), Rhi"no*lith (?), } n. [Rhino- + -lite, -lith.] +(Med.) A concretion formed within the cavities of the nose. + +Rhi`no*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to rhinology. + +Rhi*nol"o*gist (?), n. One skilled in rhinology. + +Rhi*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Rhino- + -logy.] The science which treats of the +nose, and its diseases. + +Rhi*nol"o*phid (?), n. [Rhino- + Gr. &?;&?;&?; crest.] (Zoöl.) Any +species of the genus Rhinilophus, or family Rhinolophidæ, having a +horseshoe-shaped nasal crest; a horseshoe bat. + +Rhi*nol"o*phine (?), a. (Zoöl.) Like or pertaining to the rhinolophids, +or horseshoe bats. + +Rhi"no*phore (?), n. [Rhino- + Gr. &?;&?;&?; to bear.] (Zoöl.) One of +the two tentacle-like organs on the back of the head or neck of a +nudibranch or tectibranch mollusk. They are usually retractile, and +often transversely furrowed or plicate, and are regarded as olfactory +organs. Called also dorsal tentacles. See Illust. under Pygobranchia, +and Opisthobranchia. + +Rhi`no*plas"tic (?), a. [Rhino- + -plastic: cf. F. rhinoplastique.] +(Surg.) Of or pertaining to rhinoplasty; as, a rhinoplastic operation. + +Rhi"no*plas`ty (?), n. [Rhino- + -plasty: cf. F. rhinoplastie.] Plastic +surgery of the nose to correct deformity or to replace lost tissue. +Tissue may be transplanted from the patient's cheek, forehead, arm, +etc., or even from another person. + +Rhi"no*pome (?), n. [Rhino- + Gr. pw^ma a lid. ] (Zoöl.) Any old-world +bat of the genus Rhinopoma. The rhinopomes have a long tail extending +beyond the web, and inhabit caves and tombs. + +||Rhi`no*scle*ro"ma (?), n. [Rhino- + scleroma.] (Med.) A rare disease +||of the skin, characterized by the development of very hard, more or +||less flattened, prominences, appearing first upon the nose and +||subsequently upon the neighboring parts, esp. the lips, palate, and +||throat. J. V. Shoemaker. + +Rhi"no*scope (?), n. [Rhino- + -scope.] A small mirror for use in +rhinoscopy. + +Rhi`no*scop"ic (?), a. (Physiol.) Of or pertaining to rhinoscopy. + +Rhi*nos"co*py (?), n. [Rhino- + -scopy.] (Physiol.) The examination or +study of the soft palate, posterior nares, etc., by means of a +laryngoscopic mirror introduced into the pharynx. + +||Rhi`no*the"ca (?), n.; pl. Rhinothecæ (#). [NL., from gr. &?;&?;&?;, +||&?;&?;&?;, the nose + &?;&?;&?; case.] (Zoöl.) The sheath of the +||upper mandible of a bird. + +||Rhi*pi`do*glos"sa (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;&?;&?; a fan + +||&?;&?;&?;&?; a tongue.] (Zoöl.) A division of gastropod mollusks +||having a large number of long, divergent, hooklike, lingual teeth in +||each transverse row. It includes the scutibranchs. See Illustration +||in Appendix. + +Rhi*pip"ter (?), n. [Gr. &?;&?;&?; a fan + &?;&?;&?; wing.] (Zoöl.) One +of the Rhipiptera, a group of insects having wings which fold like a +fan; a strepsipter. + +Rhi*pip"ter*an (?), n. (Zoöl.) Same as Rhipipter. + +Rhi*zan"thous (?), a. [Gr. &?;&?;&?; root + &?;&?;&?; flower.] (Bot.) +Producing flowers from a rootstock, or apparently from a root. + +Rhi"zine (?), n. [Gr. &?;&?;&?; root.] (Bot.) A rootlike filament or +hair growing from the stems of mosses or on lichens; a rhizoid. + +Rhi`zo*car"pous (?), a. [Gr. &?;&?;&?; root + &?;&?;&?; fruit.] (Bot.) +Having perennial rootstocks or bulbs, but annual flowering stems; -- +said of all perennial herbs. + +||Rhi`zo*ceph"a*la (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;&?;&?; root + &?;&?;&?; +||head.] (Zoöl.) A division of Pectostraca including saclike parasites +||of Crustacea. They adhere by rootlike extensions of the head. See +||Illusration in Appendix. + +Rhiz"o*dont (?), n. [Gr. &?;&?;&?; root + &?;&?;&?;, &?;&?;&?;, a +tooth.] (Zoöl.) A reptile whose teeth are rooted in sockets, as the +crocodile. + +Rhiz"o*gan (?), a. [Gr. &?;&?;&?; root + -gen: cf. F. rhizogène.] +(Bot.) Prodicing roots. + +Rhiz"o*gen, n. (Bot.) One of a proposed class of flowering plants +growning on the roots of other plants and destitute of green foliage. + +Rhi"zoid (?), n. [Gr. &?;&?;&?; root + -oid.] (Bot.) A rootlike +appendage. + +||Rhi*zo"ma (?), n.; pl. Rhizomata (#). [NL.] (Bot.) SAme as Rhizome. + +Rhi*zo"ma*tous (?), a. (Bot.) Having the nature or habit of a rhizome +or rootstock. + +Rhi*zome" (?), n. [Gr. &?;&?;&?; the mass of roots (of a tree), a stem, +race, fr. &?;&?;&?; to make to root, pass., to take root, fr. &?;&?;&?; +a root: cf. F. rhizome.] (Bot.) A rootstock. See Rootstock. + +||Rhi*zoph"a*ga (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) A division of marsupials. The +||wombat is the type. + +Rhi*zoph"a*gous (?), a. [Gr. &?;&?;&?;; &?;&?;&?; a root + &?;&?;&?; to +eat.] Feeding on roots; root- eating. + +||Rhi*zoph"o*ra (?), n. [NL. See Rhizophorous.] (Bot.) A genus of trees +||including the mangrove. See Mangrove. + +Rhi*zoph"o*rous (?), a. [Gr. &?;&?;&?; a root + &?;&?;&?;&?; to bear.] +(Bot.) Bearing roots. + +Rhiz"o*pod (?), n. (Zoöl.) One of the Rhizopoda. + +The rhizopods belonging to the Radiolaria and Foraminifera have been of +great geological importance, especially in the Cretaceous and Tertiary +periods. Chalk is mostly made from the shells of Foraminifera. The +nummulites are the principal ingredient of a limestone which is of +great extent in Europe and Asia, and is the material of which some of +the pyramids of Egypt are made. The shells are abundant in deepsea mud, +and are mostly minute, seldom larger than a small grain of sand, except +in the case of the nummulities, which are sometimes an inch in +diameter. + +||Rhi*zop"o*da (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;&?;&?; a root + -poda.] +||(Zoöl.) An extensive class of Protozoa, including those which have +||pseudopodia, by means of which they move about and take their food. +||The principal groups are Lobosa (or Amœbea), Helizoa, Radiolaria, and +||Foraminifera (or Reticularia). See Protozoa. + +Rhi*zop"o*dous (?), a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the rhizopods. + +||Rhi`zo*stom"a*ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;&?;&?; a root + +||&?;&?;&?;, &?;&?;&?;&?;, a mouth.] (Zoöl.) A suborder of Medusæ which +||includes very large species without marginal tentacles, but having +||large mouth lobes closely united at the edges. See Illust. in +||Appendix. + +Rhiz"o*stome (?), n. (Zoöl.) One of the Rhizostomata. + +<! p. 1238 !> + +||Rhi`zo*tax"is (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;&?;&?; a root + &?;&?;&?; +||arrangement.] (Bot.) The arrangement of the roots of plants. + +Rhob (rb), n. See 1st Rob. + +Rho`dam*mo"ni*um (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or +containing, rhodium and ammonia; -- said of certain complex compounds. + +Rho"da*nate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of rhodanic acid; a sulphocyanate. +[Obsoles.] + +Rho*dan"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;&?;&?; the rose.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or +designating, an acid (commonly called sulphocyanic acid) which frms a +red color with ferric salts. [Obsoles.] + +Rho`de*o*re"tin (?), n. [Gr. &?;&?;&?; the rose + &?;&?;&?; resin.] +(Chem.) Same as Convolvuln. + +Rho"di*an (?), a. [L. Rhodius: cf. F. rhodien.] Of or pertaining to +Rhodes, an island of the Mediterranean. -- n. A native or inhabitant of +Rhodes. + +Rho"dic (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to rhodium; containing +rhodium. + +Rho"di*um (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "ro`don the rose. So called from the +rose-red color of certain of its solutions. See Rhododendron.] (Chem.) +A rare element of the light platinum group. It is found in platinum +ores, and obtained free as a white inert metal which it is very +difficult to fuse. Symbol Rh. Atomic weight 104.1. Specific gravity 12. + +Rho`di*zon"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;&?;&?; to be rose-red.] (Chem.) +Pertaining to, or designating, a colorless crystalline substance +(called rhodizonic acid, and carboxylic acid) obtained from potassium +carboxide and from certain quinones. It forms brilliant red, yellow, +and purple salts. + +Rho`do*chro"site (?), n. [Gr. "ro`don the rose + &?;&?;&?; a coloring.] +(Min.) Manganese carbonate, a rose-red mineral sometimes occuring +crystallized, but generally massive with rhombohedral cleavage like +calcite; -- called also dialogite. + +Rho*doc"ri*nite (?), n. [Gr. "ro`don rose + &?;&?;&?; lily.] (Paleon.) +A rose encrinite. + +Rho`do*den"dron (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. "rodo`dendron, literally, rose +tree; "ro`don rose + de`ndron tree. See Rose.] (Bot.) A genus of shrubs +or small trees, often having handsome evergreen leaves, and remarkable +for the beauty of their flowers; rosebay. + +Rhod`o*mon*tade" (?), n. See Rodomontade. + +Rhod`o*mon*tad"er (?), n. See Rodomontador. + +Rho"don*ite (?), n. [Gr. "ro`don the rose. ] (Min.) Manganese spar, or +silicate of manganese, a mineral occuring crystallised and in rose-red +masses. It is often used as an ornamental stone. + +Rho"do*phane (?), n. [Gr. "ro`don the rose + &?;&?;&?; to show.] +(Physiol.) The red pigment contained in the inner segments of the cones +of the retina in animals. See Chromophane. W. KÜhne. + +Rho*dop"sin (?), n. [Gr. "ro`don rose + "w`ps eye.] (Physiol.) The +visual purple. See under Visual. + +Rho"do*sperm (?), n. [Gr. "ro`don the rose + spe`rma a seed.] (Bot.) +Any seaweed with red spores. + +As the name of a subclass, Rhodosperms, or Rhodospermeæ, is synonymous +with Florideæ (which see.) + +Rhomb (?), n. [L. rhombus, Gr. &?;&?;&?; rhomb, a spinning top, magic +wheel, fr. &?;&?;&?; to turn or whirl round, perhaps akin to E. wrench: +cf. F. rhombe. Cf. Rhombus, Rhumb.] 1. (Geom.) An equilateral +parallelogram, or quadrilateral figure whose sides are equal and the +opposite sides parallel. The angles may be unequal, two being obtuse +and two acute, as in the cut, or the angles may be equal, in which case +it is usually called a square. + +2. (Geom.) A rhombohedron. + +Fresnel's rhomb (Opt.), a rhomb or oblique parallelopiped of crown or +St. Gobain glass so cut that a ray of light entering one of its faces +at right angles shall emerge at right angles at the opposite face, +after undergoing within the rhomb, at other faces, two reflections. It +is used to produce a ray circularly polarized from a plane-polarized +ray, or the reverse. Nichol. + +Rhom"bic (?), a. 1. Shaped like a rhomb. + +2. (Crystallog.) Same as Orthorhombic. + +Rhom`bo*ga"noid (?), n. [Rhomb + ganoid.] (Zoöl.) A ganoid fish having +rhombic enameled scales; one of the Rhomboganoidei. + +||Rhom`bo*ga*noi"de*i (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) Same as Ginglymodi. + +Rhom"bo*gene (?), n. [Rhomb + root of Gr. &?;&?;&?; to be born.] +(Zoöl.) A dicyemid which produces infusorialike embryos; -- opposed to +nematogene. See Dicyemata. [Written also rhombogen.] + +Rhom`bo*he"dral (?), a. (Geom. & Crystallog.) Related to the +rhombohedron; presenting the form of a rhombohedron, or a form +derivable from a rhombohedron; relating to a system of forms including +the rhombohedron and scalenohedron. + +Rhombohedral iron ore (Min.) See Hematite. -- Rhombohedral system +(Crystallog.), a division of the hexagonal system embracing the +rhombohedron, scalenohedron, etc. + +Rhom`bo*hed"ric (?), a. (Geom. & Crystallog.) Rhombohedral. + +Rhom`bo*he"dron (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. &?;&?;&?; rhomb + &?;&?;&?; seat, +base.] (Geom. & Crystallog.) A solid contained by six rhomboids; a +parallelopiped. + +Rhom"boid (rm"boid), n. [Gr. &?;&?;&?; rhomboidal; &?;&?;&?; rhomb + +e'i^dos shape: cf. F. rhomboïde.] (Geom.) An oblique-angled +parallelogram like a rhomb, but having only the opposite sides equal, +the length and with being different. + +Rhom"boid (rm"boid), a. Same as Rhomboidal. + +Rhom*boid"al (?), a. [Cf. F. rhomboïdal.] Having, or approaching, the +shape of a rhomboid. + +Rhom*boid"es (?), n. A rhomboid. [R.] Milton. + +Rhom`boid-o"vate (?), a. Between rhomboid and ovate, or oval, in shape. + +Rhomb" spar` (?). (Min.) A variety of dolomite. + +Rhom"bus (?), n. [L.] Same as Rhomb, 1. + +Rhon`chal (?), a. (Med.) Rhonchial. + +Rhon"chi*al (?), a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to a rhonchus; produced by +rhonchi. + +Rhonchial fremitus. [L. fremitus a dull roaring or murmuring.] (Med.) A +vibration of the chest wall that may be felt by the hand laid upon its +surface. It is caused in the production of rhonchi in the bronchial +tubes. + +Rhon*chis"o*nant (?), a. [L. rhonchus a snoring + sonans, p. pr. of +sonare to sound.] Making a snorting noise; snorting. [R.] + +||Rhon"chus (?), n.; pl. Rhonchi (#). [L., a snoring, a croaking.] +||(Med.) An adventitious whistling or snoring sound heard on +||auscultation of the chest when the air channels are partially +||obstructed. By some writers the term rhonchus is used as equivalent +||to râle in its widest sense. See Râle. + +Rho*pal"ic (?), a. [Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?; club-shaped; fr. &?;&?;&?; a club: +cf. F. rhopalique.] (Pros.) Applied to a line or verse in which each +successive word has one more syllable than the preceding. + +||Rho*pa"li*um (?), n.; pl. Rhopalia (#). [NL.] (Zoöl.) One of the +||marginal sensory bodies of medusæ belonging to the Discophora. + +||Rhop`a*loc"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. &?;&?;&?; a club + +||&?;&?;&?; ahorn.] (Zoöl.) A division of Lepidoptera including all the +||butterflies. They differ from other Lepidoptera in having club-shaped +||antennæ. + +Rho"ta*cism (?), n. [Gr. "rwtaki`zein to use the letter r (ρ) +overmuch: cf. F. rhotacisme.] An oversounding, or a misuse, of the +letter r; specifically (Phylol.), the tendency, exhibited in the +Indo-European languages, to change s to r, as wese to were. + +Rhu"barb (?), n. [F. rhubarbe, OF. rubarbe, rheubarbe, reubarbare, +reobarbe, LL. rheubarbarum for rheum barbarum, Gr. &?;&?;&?; (and +&?;&?;) rhubarb, from the river Rha (the Volga) on whose banks it grew. +Originally, therefore, it was the barbarian plant from the Rha. Cf. +Barbarous, Rhaponticine.] 1. (Bot.) The name of several large perennial +herbs of the genus Rheum and order Polygonaceæ. + +2. The large and fleshy leafstalks of Rheum Rhaponticum and other +species of the same genus. They are pleasantly acid, and are used in +cookery. Called also pieplant. + +3. (Med.) The root of several species of Rheum, used much as a +cathartic medicine. + +Monk's rhubarb. (Bot.) See under Monk. -- Turkey rhubarb (Med.), the +roots of Rheum Emodi. + +Rhu"barb*y (?), a. Like rhubarb. + +Rhumb (?), n. [F. rumb, Sp. rumbo, or Pg. rumbo, rumo, probably fr. Gr. +&?;&?;&?; a magic wheel, a whirling motion, hence applied to a point of +the compass. See Rhomb.] (Navigation) A line which crosses successive +meridians at a constant angle; -- called also rhumb line, and +loxodromic curve. See Loxodromic. + +To sail on a rhumb, to sail continuously on one course, following a +rhumb line. + +||Rhus (?), n. [L., sumac, fr. Gr. &?;&?;&?;.] (Bot.) A genus of shrubs +||and small treets. See Sumac. + +Rhus"ma (?), n. [See Rusma.] A mixtire of caustic lime and orpiment, or +tersulphide of arsenic, -- used in the depilation of hides. Knight. + +Rhyme (?), n. [OE. ryme, rime, AS. rm number; akin to OHG. rm number, +succession, series, G. reim rhyme. The modern sense is due to the +influence of F. rime, which is of German origin, and originally the +same word.] [The Old English spelling rime is becoming again common. +See Note under Prime.] 1. An expression of thought in numbers, measure, +or verse; a composition in verse; a rhymed tale; poetry; harmony of +language. "Railing rhymes." Daniel. + + A ryme I learned long ago. + + +Chaucer. + + He knew Himself to sing, and build the lofty rime. + + +Milton. + +2. (Pros.) Correspondence of sound in the terminating words or +syllables of two or more verses, one succeeding another immediately or +at no great distance. The words or syllables so used must not begin +with the same consonant, or if one begins with a vowel the other must +begin with a consonant. The vowel sounds and accents must be the same, +as also the sounds of the final consonants if there be any. + + For rhyme with reason may dispense, And sound has right to govern + sense. + + +Prior. + +3. Verses, usually two, having this correspondence with each other; a +couplet; a poem containing rhymes. + +4. A word answering in sound to another word. + +Female rhyme. See under Female. - - Male rhyme. See under Male. -- +Rhyme or reason, sound or sense. -- Rhyme royal (Pros.), a stanza of +seven decasyllabic verses, of which the first and third, the second, +fourth, and fifth, and the sixth and seventh rhyme. + +Rhyme (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rhymed (?);p. pr. & vb. n. Rhyming.] +[OE. rimen, rymen, AS. rman to count: cf. F. rimer to rhyme. See Rhyme, +n.] 1. To make rhymes, or verses. "Thou shalt no longer ryme." Chaucer. + + There marched the bard and blockhead, side by side, Who rhymed for + hire, and patronized for pride. + + +Pope. + +2. To accord in rhyme or sound. + + And, if they rhymed and rattled, all was well. + + +Dryden. + +Rhyme, v. t. 1. To put into rhyme. Sir T. Wilson. + +2. To influence by rhyme. + + Hearken to a verser, who may chance Rhyme thee to good. + + +Herbert. + +Rhyme"less, a. Destitute of rhyme. Bp. Hall. + +Rhym"er (?), n. One who makes rhymes; a versifier; -- generally in +contempt; a poor poet; a poetaster. + + This would make them soon perceive what despicaple creatures our + common rhymers and playwriters be. + + +Milton. + +Rhym"er*y (?), n. The art or habit of making rhymes; rhyming; -- in +contempt. + +Rhyme"ster (?), n. A rhymer; a maker of poor poetry. Bp. Hall. Byron. + +Rhym"ic (?), a. Pertaining to rhyme. + +Rhym"ist, n. A rhymer; a rhymester. Johnston. + +||Rhyn`chob*del"le*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "ry`gchos snout + +||&?;&?;&?; a leech.] (Zoöl.) A suborder of leeches including those +||that have a protractile proboscis, without jaws. Clepsine is the +||type. + +||Rhyn`cho*ceph"a*la (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "ry`gchos snout + +||kefalh` head.] (Zoöl.) An order of reptiles having biconcave +||vertebræ, immovable quadrate bones, and many other peculiar +||osteological characters. Hatteria is the only living genus, but +||numerous fossil genera are known, some of which are among the +||earliest of reptiles. See Hatteria. Called also Rhynchocephalia. + +||Rhyn`cho*cœ"la (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "ry`gchos snout + koi`los +||hollow.] (Zoöl.) Same as Nemertina. -- Rhyn`cho*cœ"lous (#), a. + +Rhyn"cho*lite (&?;), n. [Gr. "ry`gchos snout, beak + -lie: cf. F. +rhyncholithe.] (Paleon.) A fossil cephalopod beak. + +||Rhyn`cho*nel"la (&?;), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "ry`gchos snout.] (Zoöl.) A +||genus of brachiopods of which some species are still living, while +||many are found fossil. + +||Rhyn*choph"o*ra (&?;), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "ry`gchos snout + fe`rein +||to carry.] (Zoöl.) A group of Coleoptera having a snoutlike head; the +||snout beetles, curculios, or weevils. + +Rhyn"cho*phore (?), n. (Zoöl.) One of the Rhynchophora. + +||Rhyn*cho"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. "ry`gchos snout.] (Zoöl.) Same +||as Hemiptera. [Written also Rhyncota.] + +Rhy"o*lite (?), n. [Gr. "rei^n to flow + -lite.] (Min.) A quartzose +trachyte, an igneous rock often showing a fluidal structure. -- +Rhy`o*lit"ic, (#), a. + +Rhy`pa*rog"ra*phy (?), n. [Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?; painting foul or mean +objects; "ryparo`s filthy, dirty + gra`fein to write, paint.] In +ancient art, the painting of genre or still-life pictures. + +Rhy*sim"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. &?;&?;&?; flow + -meter.] An instrument, +acting on the principle of Pitot's tube, for measuring the velocity of +a fluid current, the speed of a ship, etc. + +Rhythm (?), n. [F. rhythme, rythme, L. rhythmus, fr. Gr. &?;&?;&?; +measured motion, measure, proportion, fr. "rei^n to flow. See Stream.] +1. In the widest sense, a dividing into short portions by a regular +succession of motions, impulses, sounds, accents, etc., producing an +agreeable effect, as in music poetry, the dance, or the like. + +2. (Mus.) Movement in musical time, with periodical recurrence of +accent; the measured beat or pulse which marks the character and +expression of the music; symmetry of movement and accent. Moore +(Encyc.) + +3. A division of lines into short portions by a regular succession of +arses and theses, or percussions and remissions of voice on words or +syllables. + +4. The harmonious flow of vocal sounds. + +<! p. 1239 !> + +Rhyth"mer (rth"mr or r"-), n. One who writes in rhythm, esp. in poetic +rhythm or meter. [R.] + + One now scarce counted a rhythmer, formerly admitted for a poet. + + +Fuller. + +{ Rhyth"mic (-mk), Rhyth"mic*al (- m*kal), } a. [Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;: cf. +L. rhythmicus, F. rhythmique.] Pertaining to, or of the nature of, +rhythm + + Day and night I worked my rhythmic thought. + + +Mrs. Browning. + +Rhythmical accent. (Mus.) See Accent, n., 6 (c). + +Rhyth"mic*al*ly, adv. In a rhythmical manner. + +Rhyth"mics (?), n. The department of musical science which treats of +the length of sounds. + +Rhyth"ming (?), a. Writing rhythm; verse making. "The rhythming monk." +Fuller. + +Rhythm"less (?), a. Being without rhythm. Coleridge. + +Rhyth*mom"e*ter (?), n. [Rhythm + -meter.] An instrument for marking +time in musical movements. See Metronome. + +||Rhyth"mus (?), n. [L.] Rhythm. + +||Rhyt"i*na (?), n. (Zoöl.) See Rytina. + +Ri"al (&?;), n. A Spanish coin. See Real. [Obs.] + +Ri*al", a. Royal. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Ri"al (?), n. [From Royal.] A gold coin formerly current in England, of +the value of ten shillings sterling in the reign of Henry VI., and of +fifteen shillings in the reign of Elizabeth. [Spelt also ryal.] Brande +& C. + +||Ri`ant" (?), a. [F. riant, p. pr. of rire to laugh, L. ridere.] +||Laughing; laughable; exciting gayety; gay; merry; delightful to the +||view, as a landscape. + + In such cases the sublimity must be drawn from the other sources, + with a strict caution, howewer, against anything light and riant. + + +Burke. + +Rib (?), n. [AS. rib, ribb; akin to D. rib, G. rippe, OHG. rippa, +rippi, Dan. ribbe, Icel. rif, Russ. rebro.] 1. (Anat.) One of the +curved bones attached to the vertebral column and supporting the +lateral walls of the thorax. + +In man there are twelve ribs on each side, of which the upper seven are +directly connected with the sternum by cartilages, and are called +sternal, or true, ribs. The remaining five pairs are called asternal, +or false, ribs, and of these each of the three upper pairs is attached +to the cartilage of the rib above, while the two lower pairs are free +at the ventral ends, and are called floating ribs. See Thorax. + +2. That which resembles a rib in form or use. Specifically: (a) +(Shipbuilding) One of the timbers, or bars of iron or steel, that +branch outward and upward from the keel, to support the skin or +planking, and give shape and strength to the vessel. (b) (Mach. & +Structures) A ridge, fin, or wing, as on a plate, cylinder, beam, etc., +to strengthen or stiffen it. (c) One of the rods on which the cover of +an umbrella is extended. (d) A prominent line or ridge, as in cloth. +(e) A longitudinal strip of metal uniting the barrels of a +double-barreled gun. + +3. (Bot.) The chief nerve, or one of the chief nerves, of a leaf. (b) +Any longitudinal ridge in a plant. + +4. (Arch.) (a) In Gothic vaulting, one of the primary members of the +vault. These are strong arches, meeting and crossing one another, +dividing the whole space into triangles, which are then filled by +vaulted construction of lighter material. Hence, an imitation of one of +these in wood, plaster, or the like. (b) A projecting mold, or group of +moldings, forming with others a pattern, as on a ceiling, ornamental +door, or the like. + +5. (Mining) (a) Solid coal on the side of a gallery; solid ore in a +vein. (b) An elongated pillar of ore or coal left as a support. +Raymond. + +6. A wife; -- in allusion to Eve, as made out of Adam's rib. [Familiar +& Sportive] + + How many have we known whose heads have been broken with their own + rib. + + +Bp. Hall. + +Chuck rib, a cut of beef immediately in front of the middle rib. See +Chuck. -- Fore ribs, a cut of beef immediately in front of the sirloin. +-- Middle rib, a cut of beef between the chuck rib and the fore ribs. +-- Rib grass. (Bot.) Same as Ribwort. + +Rib, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ribbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ribbing.] 1. To +furnish with ribs; to form with rising lines and channels; as, to rib +cloth. + +2. To inclose, as with ribs, and protect; to shut in. + + It [lead] were too gross To rib her cerecloth in the obscure grave. + + +Shak. + +To rib land, to leave strips of undisturbed ground between the furrows +in plowing. + +Rib"ald (?), n./ [OE. ribald, ribaud, F. ribaud, OF. ribald, ribault, +LL. ribaldus, of German origin; cf. OHG hrpa prostitute. For the ending +-ald cf. E. Herald.] A low, vulgar, brutal, foul-mouthed wretch; a lewd +fellow. Spenser. Pope. + + Ribald was almost a class name in the feudal system . . . He was + his patron's parasite, bulldog, and tool . . . It is not to be + wondered at that the word rapidly became a synonym for everything + ruffianly and brutal. + + +Earle. + +Rib"ald, a. Low; base; mean; filthy; obscene. + + The busy day, Waked by the lark, hath roused the ribald crows. + + +Shak. + +Rib"ald*ish, a. Like a ribald. Bp. Hall. + +Rib"ald*rous (?), a. Of a ribald quality. [R.] + +Rib"ald*ry (?), n. [OE. ribaldrie, ribaudrie, OF. ribalderie, +ribauderie.] The talk of a ribald; low, vulgar language; indecency; +obscenity; lewdness; -- now chiefly applied to indecent language, but +formerly, as by Chaucer, also to indecent acts or conduct. + + The ribaldry of his conversation moved &?;stonishment even in that + age. + + +Macaulay. + +Rib"an (?), n. See Ribbon. [Obs.] Piers Plowman. + +Rib"and (?), n. See Ribbon. + +Riband jasper (Min.), a variety of jasper having stripes of different +colors, as red and green. + +Rib"and, n. (Naut.) See Rib-band. Totten. + +Rib"and*ed, a. Ribboned. B. Jonson. + +Rib"aud (?), n. A ribald. [Obs.] P. Plowman. + +||Ri*bau"de*quin (?), n. [F.] 1. An engine of war used in the Middle +||Ages, consisting of a protected elevated staging on wheels, and armed +||in front with pikes. It was (after the 14th century) furnished with +||small cannon. + +2. A huge bow fixed on the wall of a fortified town for casting +javelins. + +{ Rib"aud*red (?), Rib"aud*rous (?), } a. Filthy; obscene; ribald. +[Obs.] + +Rib"aud*ry (?), n. Ribaldry. [Obs.] Spenser. + +Rib"aud*y (?), n. Ribaldry. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Rib"auld (?), n. A ribald. [Obs.] Spenser. + +Rib"band (?), n. A ribbon. Pope. + +Rib"band` (?), n. [Rib + band.] [Written also riband, and ribbon.] +(Shipbuilding) A long, narrow strip of timber bent and bolted +longitudinally to the ribs of a vessel, to hold them in position, and +give rigidity to the framework. + +Rib-band lines, oblique longitudinal sections of the hull of a vessel. +Knight. + +Ribbed (?), a. 1. Furnished or formed with ribs; as, a ribbed cylinder; +ribbed cloth. + +2. (Mining) Intercalated with slate; -- said of a seam of coal. +Raymond. + +Rib"bing (?), n. An assemblage or arrangement of ribs, as the +timberwork for the support of an arch or coved ceiling, the veins in +the leaves of some plants, ridges in the fabric of cloth, or the like. + +Rib"bon (?), n. [OE. riban, OF. riban, F. ruban, probably of German +origin; cf. D. ringband collar, necklace, E. ring circle, and band.] +[Written also riband, ribband.] 1. A fillet or narrow woven fabric, +commonly of silk, used for trimming some part of a woman's attire, for +badges, and other decorative purposes. + +2. A narrow strip or shred; as, a steel or magnesium ribbon; sails torn +to ribbons. + +3. (Shipbuilding) Same as Rib- band. + +4. pl. Driving reins. [Cant] London Athenæum. + +5. (Her.) A bearing similar to the bend, but only one eighth as wide. + +6. (Spinning) A silver. + +The blue ribbon, and The red ribbon, are phrases often used to +designate the British orders of the Garter and of the Bath, +respectively, the badges of which are suspended by ribbons of these +colors. See Blue ribbon, under Blue. + +Ribbon fish. (Zoöl.) (a) Any elongated, compressed, ribbon-shaped +marine fish of the family Trachypteridæ, especially the species of the +genus Trachypterus, and the oarfish (Regelecus Banksii) of the North +Atlantic, which is sometimes over twenty feet long. (b) The hairtail, +or bladefish. (c) A small compressed marine fish of the genus Cepola, +having a long, slender, tapering tail. The European species (C. +rubescens) is light red throughout. Called also band fish. -- Ribbon +grass (Bot.), a variety of reed canary grass having the leaves stripped +with green and white; -- called also Lady's garters. See Reed grass, +under Reed. -- Ribbon seal (Zoöl.), a North Pacific seal (Histriophoca +fasciata). The adult male is dark brown, conspicuously banded and +striped with yellowish white. -- Ribbon snake (Zoöl.), a common North +American snake (Eutainia saurita). It is conspicuously striped with +bright yellow and dark brown. -- Ribbon Society, a society in Ireland, +founded in the early part of the 19th century in antagonism to the +Orangemen. It afterwards became an organization of tennant farmers +banded together to prevent eviction by landlords. It took its name from +the green ribbon worn by members as a badge. -- Ribborn worm. (Zoöl.) +(a) A tapeworm. (b) A nemertean. + +Rib"bon, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ribboned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ribboning.] +To adorn with, or as with, ribbons; to mark with stripes resembling +ribbons. + +Rib"bon*ism (?), n. The principles and practices of the Ribbonmen. See +Ribbon Society, under Ribbon. + +Rib"bon*man (?), n.; pl. -men. A member of the Ribbon Society. See +Ribbon Society, under Ribbon. + +Rib"bon*wood` (?), n. (Bot.) A malvaceous tree (Hoheria populnea) of +New Zealand, the bark of which is used for cordage. + +||Ri"bes (?), n.[NL.; cf. Dan. ribs, and Ar. rbs a plant with an acid +||juice.] (Bot.) A genus of shrubs including gooseberries and currants +||of many kinds. + +Rib"ibe (?), n. [See Rebec.] 1. A sort of stringed instrument; a rebec. +[Obs.] Nares. + +2. An old woman; -- in contempt. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +3. A bawd; a prostitute. [Obs.] B. Jonson. + +Rib"i*ble (?), n. [See Ribibe.] A small threestringed viol; a rebec. +Moore (Encyc. of Music). + + All can be play on gittern or ribible. + + +Chaucer. + +Rib"less, a. Having no ribs. + +Rib"roast` (?), v. t. To beat soundly. [Slang] + +Rib"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A species of plantain (Plantago lanceolata) +with long, narrow, ribbed leaves; -- called also rib grass, ripple +grass, ribwort plantain. + +-ric (?). [AS rce kingdom, dominion. See Rich.] A suffix signifying +dominion, jurisdiction; as, bishopric, the district over which a bishop +exercises authority. + +Rice (?), n. [F. riz (cf. Pr. ris, It. riso), L. oryza, Gr. &?;&?;&?;, +&?;&?;&?;, probably from the Persian; cf. OPers. brzi, akin to Skr. +vrhi; or perh. akin to E. rye. Cf. Rye.] (Bot.) A well-known cereal +grass (Oryza sativa) and its seed. This plant is extensively cultivated +in warm climates, and the grain forms a large portion of the food of +the inhabitants. In America it grows chiefly on low, moist land, which +can be overflowed. + +Ant rice. (Bot.) See under Ant. -- French rice. (Bot.) See Amelcorn. -- +Indian rice., a tall reedlike water grass (Zizania aquatica), bearing +panicles of a long, slender grain, much used for food by North American +Indians. It is common in shallow water in the Northern States. Called +also water oat, Canadian wild rice, etc. -- Mountain rice, any species +of an American genus (Oryzopsis) of grasses, somewhat resembling rice. +-- Rice bunting. (Zoöl.) Same as Ricebird. -- Rice hen (Zoöl.), the +Florida gallinule. -- Rice mouse (Zoöl.), a large dark-colored field +mouse (Calomys palistris) of the Southern United States. - - Rice +paper, a kind of thin, delicate paper, brought from China, -- used for +painting upon, and for the manufacture of fancy articles. It is made by +cutting the pith of a large herb (Fatsia papyrifera, related to the +ginseng) into one roll or sheet, which is flattened out under pressure. +Called also pith paper. -- Rice troupial (Zoöl.), the bobolink. -- Rice +water, a drink for invalids made by boiling a small quantity of rice in +water. -- Rice-water discharge (Med.), a liquid, resembling rice water +in appearance, which is vomited, and discharged from the bowels, in +cholera. -- Rice weevil (Zoöl.), a small beetle (Calandra, or +Sitophilus, oryzæ) which destroys rice, wheat, and Indian corn by +eating out the interior; -- called also black weevil. + +Rice"bird` (?), n. (Zoöl.) (a) The Java sparrow. (b) The bobolink. + +Rice"-shell` (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of small white +polished marine shells of the genus Olivella. + +Rich, (rch), a. [Compar. Richer (&?;); superl. Richest.] [OE. riche, +AS. rce rich, powerful; akin to OS. rki, D. rijk, G. reich, OHG. rhhi, +Icel. rkr, Sw. rik, Dan. rig, Goth. reiks; from a word meaning, ruler, +king, probably borrowed from Celtic, and akin to L. rex, regis, king, +regere to guide, rule. √283. See Right, and cf. Derrick, Enrich, +Rajah, Riches, Royal.] 1. Having an abundance of material possessions; +possessed of a large amount of property; well supplied with land, +goods, or money; wealthy; opulent; affluent; -- opposed to poor. "Rich +merchants." Chaucer. + + The rich [person] hath many friends. + + +Prov. xiv. 20. + + As a thief, bent to unhoard the cash Of some rich burgher. + + +Milton. + +2. Hence, in general, well supplied; abounding; abundant; copious; +bountiful; as, a rich treasury; a rich entertainment; a rich crop. + + If life be short, it shall be glorious; Each minute shall be rich + in some great action. + + +Rowe. + + The gorgeous East with richest hand Showers on her kings barbaric + pearl and gold. + + +Milton. + +3. Yielding large returns; productive or fertile; fruitful; as, rich +soil or land; a rich mine. + +4. Composed of valuable or costly materials or ingredients; procured at +great outlay; highly valued; precious; sumptuous; costly; as, a rich +dress; rich silk or fur; rich presents. + + Like to rich and various gems. + + +Milton. + +5. Abounding in agreeable or nutritive qualities; -- especially applied +to articles of food or drink which are high-seasoned or abound in +oleaginous ingredients, or are sweet, luscious, and high-flavored; as, +a rich dish; rich cream or soup; rich pastry; rich wine or fruit. + + Sauces and rich spices are fetched from India. + + +Baker. + +6. Not faint or delicate; vivid; as, a rich color. + +7. Full of sweet and harmonius sounds; as, a rich voice; rich music. + +8. Abounding in beauty; gorgeous; as, a rich landscape; rich scenery. + +9. Abounding in humor; exciting amusement; entertaining; as, the scene +was a rich one; a rich incident or character. [Colloq.] Thackeray. + +Rich is sometimes used in the formation of self- explaining compounds; +as, rich-fleeced, rich-jeweled, rich-laden, rich-stained. + +Syn. -- Wealthy; affluent; opulent; ample; copious; abundant; +plentiful; fruitful; costly; sumptuous; precious; generous; luscious. + +Rich, v. t. To enrich. [Obs.] Gower. + +Rich"es (?), n. pl. [OE. richesse, F. richesse, from riche rich, of +German origin. See Rich,a.] 1. That which makes one rich; an abundance +of land, goods, money, or other property; wealth; opulence; affluence. + + Riches do not consist in having more gold and silver, but in having + more in proportion, than our neighbors. + + +Locke. + +2. That which appears rich, sumptuous, precious, or the like. + + The riche of heaven's pavement, trodden gold. + + +Milton. + +Richesse, the older form of this word, was in the singular number. The +form riches, however, is plural in appearance, and has now come to be +used as a plural. + + Against the richesses of this world shall they have misease of + poverty. + + +Chaucer. + + In one hour so great riches is come to nought. + + +Rev. xviii. 17. + + And for that riches where is my deserving? + + +Shak. + +Syn. -- Wealth; opulence; affluence; wealthiness; richness; plenty; +abundance. + +<! p. 1240 !> + +Rich"esse (?), n. [F. See Riches.] Wealth; riches. See the Note under +Riches. [Obs.] + + Some man desireth for to have richesse. + + +Chaucer. + + The richesse of all heavenly grace. + + +Spenser. + +Rich"ly (?), adv. In a rich manner. + +Rich"ness, n. The quality or state of being rich (in any sense of the +adjective). + +Rich"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) An herb (Pilea pumila) of the Nettle family, +having a smooth, juicy, pellucid stem; -- called also clearweed. + +Ric`in*e`la*id"ic (?), a. [Ricinoleic + elaidic.] Pertaining to, or +designating, an isomeric modification of ricinoleic acid obtained as a +white crystalline solid. + +Ric`in*e*la"i*din (?), n. (Chem.) The glycerin salt of ricinelaidic +acid, obtained as a white crystalline waxy substance by treating castor +oil with nitrous acid. + +Ri*cin"ic (?), a. [L. ricinus castor-oil plant.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, +or derived from, castor oil; formerly, designating an acid now called +ricinoleic acid. + +Ric"i*nine (?), n. [L. ricinus castor-oil plant.] (Chem.) A bitter +white crystalline alkaloid extracted from the seeds of the castor-oil +plant. + +Ric`in*o"le*ate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of ricinoleic acid; -- formerly +called palmate. + +Ric`in*o"le*ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a fatty +acid analogous to oleic acid, obtained from castor oil as an oily +substance, C&?;H&?;O&?; with a harsh taste. Formerly written ricinolic. + +Ric`in*o"le*in (?), n. [L. ricinus castor-oil plant + oleum oil.] +(Chem.) The glycerin salt of ricinoleic acid, occuring as a +characteristic constituent of castor oil; -- formerly called palmin. + +Ric`i*nol"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Ricinoleic. + +||Ric"i*nus (&?;), n. [L., the castor- oil plant.] (Bot.) A genus of +||plants of the Spurge family, containing but one species (R. +||communis), the castor-oil plant. The fruit is three-celled, and +||contains three large seeds from which castor oil iss expressed. See +||Palma Christi. + +Rick (?), n. [OE. reek, rek, AS. hreác a heap; akin to hryce rick, +Icel. hraukr.] A stack or pile, as of grain, straw, or hay, in the open +air, usually protected from wet with thatching. + + Golden clusters of beehive ricks, rising at intervals beyond the + hedgerows. + + +G. Eliot. + +Rick, v. t. To heap up in ricks, as hay, etc. + +Rick"er (?), n. A stout pole for use in making a rick, or for a spar to +a boat. + +Rick"et*ish (?), a. Rickety. [Obs.] Fuller. + +Rick"ets (?), n. pl. [Of uncertain origin; but cf. AS. wrigian to bend, +D. wrikken to shake, E. wriggle.] (Med.) A disease which affects +children, and which is characterized by a bulky head, crooked spine and +limbs, depressed ribs, enlarged and spongy articular epiphyses, tumid +abdomen, and short stature, together with clear and often premature +mental faculties. The essential cause of the disease appears to be the +nondeposition of earthy salts in the osteoid tissues. Children +afflicted with this malady stand and walk unsteadily. Called also +rachitis. + +Rick"et*y (?), a. 1. Affected with rickets. + +2. Feeble in the joints; imperfect; weak; shaky. + +Rick"rack` (?), n. A kind of openwork edging made of serpentine braid. + +Rick"stand` (?), n. A flooring or framework on which a rick is made. + +Ric`o*chet" (?), n. [F.] A rebound or skipping, as of a ball along the +ground when a gun is fired at a low angle of elevation, or of a fiat +stone thrown along the surface of water. + +Ricochet firing (Mil.), the firing of guns or howitzers, usually with +small charges, at an elevation of only a few degrees, so as to cause +the balls or shells to bound or skip along the ground. + +Ric`o*chet" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ricochetted; p. pr. & vb. n. +Ricochetting.] To operate upon by ricochet firing. See Ricochet, n. +[R.] + +Ric`o*chet", v. i. To skip with a rebound or rebounds, as a flat stone +on the surface of water, or a cannon ball on the ground. See Ricochet, +n. + +Ric"tal (?), a. (Zoöl.) Of or pertaining to the rictus; as, rictal +bristles. + +Ric"ture (?), n. [L. ringi, rictus, to open wide the mouth, to gape.] A +gaping. [Obs.] + +||Ric"tus (?), n. [L., the aperture of the mouth.] The gape of the +||mouth, as of birds; -- often resricted to the corners of the mouth. + +Rid (?), imp. & p. p. of Ride, v. i. [Archaic] + + He rid to the end of the village, where he alighted. + + +Thackeray. + +Rid, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rid or Ridded; p. pr. & vb. n. Ridding.] [OE. +ridden, redden, AS. hreddan to deliver, liberate; akin to D. & LG. +redden, G. retten, Dan. redde, Sw. rädda, and perhaps to Skr. &?;rath +to loosen.] 1. To save; to rescue; to deliver; -- with out of. [Obs.] + + Deliver the poor and needy; rid them out of the hand of the wicked. + + +Ps. lxxxii. 4. + +2. To free; to clear; to disencumber; -- followed by of. "Rid all the +sea of pirates." Shak. + + In never ridded myself of an overmastering and brooding sense of + some great calamity traveling toward me. + + +De Quincey. + +3. To drive away; to remove by effort or violence; to make away with; +to destroy. [Obs.] + + I will red evil beasts out of the land. + + +Lev. xxvi. 6. + + Death's men, you have rid this sweet young prince! + + +Shak. + +4. To get over; to dispose of; to dispatch; to finish. [R.] +"Willingness rids way." Shak. + + Mirth will make us rid ground faster than if thieves were at our + tails. + + +J. Webster. + +To be rid of, to be free or delivered from. -- To get rid of, to get +deliverance from; to free one's self from. + +Rid"a*ble (?), a. Suitable for riding; as, a ridable horse; a ridable +road. + +Rid"dance (?), n. 1. The act of ridding or freeing; deliverance; a +cleaning up or out. + + Thou shalt not make clean riddance of the corners of thy field. + + +Lev. xxiii. 22. + +2. The state of being rid or free; freedom; escape. "Riddance from all +adversity." Hooker. + +Rid"den (?), p. p. of Ride. + +Rid"der (?), n. One who, or that which, rids. + +Rid"dle (?), n. [OE. ridil, AS. hridder; akin to G. reiter, L. cribrum, +and to Gr. &?;&?;&?; to distinguish, separate, and G. rein clean. See +Crisis, Certain.] 1. A sieve with coarse meshes, usually of wire, for +separating coarser materials from finer, as chaff from grain, cinders +from ashes, or gravel from sand. + +2. A board having a row of pins, set zigzag, between which wire is +drawn to straighten it. + +Rid"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Riddled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Riddling +(?).] 1. To separate, as grain from the chaff, with a riddle; to pass +through a riddle; as, riddle wheat; to riddle coal or gravel. + +2. To perforate so as to make like a riddle; to make many holes in; as, +a house riddled with shot. + +Rid"dle, n. [For riddels, s being misunderstood as the plural ending; +OE. ridels, redels. AS. r&?;dels; akin to D. raadsel, G. räthsel; fr. +AS. r&?;dan to counsel or advise, also, to guess. √116. Cf. +Read.] Something proposed to be solved by guessing or conjecture; a +puzzling question; an ambiguous proposition; an enigma; hence, anything +ambiguous or puzzling. + + To wring from me, and tell to them, my secret, That solved the + riddle which I had proposed. + + +Milton. + + 'T was a strange riddle of a lady. + + +Hudibras. + +Rid"dle, v. t. To explain; to solve; to unriddle. + + Riddle me this, and guess him if you can. + + +Dryden. + +Rid"dle, v. i. To speak ambiguously or enigmatically. "Lysander riddels +very prettily." Shak. + +Rid"dler (?), n. One who riddles (grain, sand, etc.). + +Rid"dler, n. One who speaks in, or propounds, riddles. + +Rid"dling (?), a. Speaking in a riddle or riddles; containing a riddle. +"Riddling triplets." Tennyson. -- Rid"dling, adv. + +Ride (rd), v. i. [imp. Rode (rd) (Rid [rd], archaic); p. p. Ridden +(&?;) (Rid, archaic); p. pr. & vb. n. Riding (&?;).] [AS. rdan; akin to +LG. riden, D. rijden, G. reiten, OHG. rtan, Icel. rða, Sw. rida, Dan. +ride; cf. L. raeda a carriage, which is from a Celtic word. Cf. Road.] +1. To be carried on the back of an animal, as a horse. + + To-morrow, when ye riden by the way. + + +Chaucer. + + Let your master ride on before, and do you gallop after him. + + +Swift. + +2. To be borne in a carriage; as, to ride in a coach, in a car, and the +like. See Synonym, below. + + The richest inhabitants exhibited their wealth, not by riding in + gilden carriages, but by walking the streets with trains of + servants. + + +Macaulay. + +3. To be borne or in a fluid; to float; to lie. + + Men once walked where ships at anchor ride. + + +Dryden. + +4. To be supported in motion; to rest. + + Strong as the exletree On which heaven rides. + + +Shak. + + On whose foolish honesty My practices ride easy! + + +Shak. + +5. To manage a horse, as an equestrian. + + He rode, he fenced, he moved with graceful ease. + + +Dryden. + +6. To support a rider, as a horse; to move under the saddle; as, a +horse rides easy or hard, slow or fast. + +To ride easy (Naut.), to lie at anchor without violent pitching or +straining at the cables. -- To ride hard (Naut.), to pitch violently. +-- To ride out. (a) To go upon a military expedition. [Obs.] Chaucer. +(b) To ride in the open air. [Colloq.] -- To ride to hounds, to ride +behind, and near to, the hounds in hunting. + +Syn. -- Drive. -- Ride, Drive. Ride originally meant (and is so used +throughout the English Bible) to be carried on horseback or in a +vehicle of any kind. At present in England, drive is the word applied +in most cases to progress in a carriage; as, a drive around the park, +etc.; while ride is appropriated to progress on a horse. Johnson seems +to sanction this distinction by giving "to travel on horseback" as the +leading sense of ride; though he adds "to travel in a vehicle" as a +secondary sense. This latter use of the word still occurs to some +extent; as, the queen rides to Parliament in her coach of state; to +ride in an omnibus. + + "Will you ride over or drive?" said Lord Willowby to his quest, + after breakfast that morning. + + +W. Black. + +Ride, v. t. 1. To sit on, so as to be carried; as, to ride a horse; to +ride a bicycle. + + [They] rend up both rocks and hills, and ride the air In whirlwind. + + +Milton. + +2. To manage insolently at will; to domineer over. + + The nobility could no longer endure to be ridden by bakers, + cobblers, and brewers. + + +Swift. + +3. To convey, as by riding; to make or do by riding. + + Tue only men that safe can ride Mine errands on the Scottish side. + + +Sir W. Scott. + +4. (Surg.) To overlap (each other); -- said of bones or fractured +fragments. + +To ride a hobby, to have some favorite occupation or subject of talk. +-- To ride and tie, to take turn with another in labor and rest; -- +from the expedient adopted by two persons with one horse, one of whom +rides the animal a certain distance, and then ties him for the use of +the other, who is coming up on foot. Fielding. -- To ride down. (a) To +ride over; to trample down in riding; to overthrow by riding against; +as, to ride down an enemy. (b) (Naut.) To bear down, as on a halyard +when hoisting a sail. -- To ride out (Naut.), to keep safe afloat +during (a storm) while riding at anchor or when hove to on the open +sea; as, to ride out the gale. + +Ride, n. 1. The act of riding; an excursion on horseback or in a +vehicle. + +2. A saddle horse. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. + +3. A road or avenue cut in a wood, or through grounds, to be used as a +place for riding; a riding. + +Ri*deau" (r*d"), n. [F.] A small mound of earth; ground slightly +elevated; a small ridge. + +Rid"en (rd"'n), obs. imp. pl. & p. p. of Ride. Chaucer. + +Ri"dent (r"dent), a. [L. ridens, p. pr. of ridere to laugh.] Laughing. +[R.] Thackeray. + +Rid"er (rd"r), n. 1. One who, or that which, rides. + +2. Formerly, an agent who went out with samples of goods to obtain +orders; a commercial traveler. [Eng.] + +3. One who breaks or manages a horse. Shak. + +4. An addition or amendment to a manuscript or other document, which is +attached on a separate piece of paper; in legislative practice, an +additional clause annexed to a bill while in course of passage; +something extra or burdensome that is imposed. + + After the third reading, a foolish man stood up to propose a rider. + + +Macaulay. + + This [question] was a rider which Mab found difficult to answer. + + +A. S. Hardy. + +5. (Math.) A problem of more than usual difficulty added to another on +an examination paper. + +6. [D. rijder.] A Dutch gold coin having the figure of a man on +horseback stamped upon it. + + His moldy money ! half a dozen riders. + + +J. Fletcher. + +7. (Mining) Rock material in a vein of ore, dividing it. + +8. (Shipbuilding) An interior rib occasionally fixed in a ship's hold, +reaching from the keelson to the beams of the lower deck, to strengthen +her frame. Totten. + +9. (Naut.) The second tier of casks in a vessel's hold. + +10. A small forked weight which straddles the beam of a balance, along +which it can be moved in the manner of the weight on a steelyard. + +11. A robber. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Drummond. + +Rider's bone (Med.), a bony deposit in the muscles of the upper and +inner part of the thigh, due to the pressure and irritation caused by +the saddle in riding. + +Rid"er*less, a. Having no rider; as, a riderless horse. H. Kingsley. + +Ridge (?), n. [OE. rigge the back, AS. hrycg; akin to D. rug, G. +rÜcken, OHG. rucki, hrukki, Icel. hryggr, Sw. rugg, Dan. ryg. +√16.] 1. The back, or top of the back; a crest. Hudibras. + +2. A range of hills or mountains, or the upper part of such a range; +any extended elevation between valleys. "The frozen ridges of the +Alps." Shak. + + Part rise crystal wall, or ridge direct. + + +Milton. + +3. A raised line or strip, as of ground thrown up by a plow or left +between furrows or ditches, or as on the surface of metal, cloth, or +bone, etc. + +4. (Arch.) The intersection of two surface forming a salient angle, +especially the angle at the top between the opposite slopes or sides of +a roof or a vault. + +5. (Fort.) The highest portion of the glacis proceeding from the +salient angle of the covered way. Stocqueler. + +Ridge, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ridged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ridging.] 1. To +form a ridge of; to furnish with a ridge or ridges; to make into a +ridge or ridges. + + Bristles ranged like those that ridge the back Of chafed wild + boars. + + +Milton. + +2. To form into ridges with the plow, as land. + +3. To wrinkle. "With a forehead ridged." Cowper. + +Ridge"band` (?), n. The part of a harness which passes over the saddle, +and supports the shafts of a cart; -- called also ridgerope, and +ridger. Halliwell. + +Ridge"bone` (?), n. The backbone. [Obs.] + + Blood . . . lying cluttered about the ridgebone. + + +Holland. + +Ridg"el (?), n. (Zoöl.) Same as Ridgelling. + +Ridge"let (?), n. A little ridge. + +Ridge"ling (?), n. [Prov. E. riggilt, riggot, ananimal half castrated, +a sheep having only one testicle; cf. Prov. G. rigel, rig, a barrow +hog, rigler a cock half castrated.] (Zoöl.) A half-castrated male +animal. + +{ Ridge"piece` (?), Ridge"plate` (?), } n. See Ridgepole. + +Ridge"pole` (?), n. (Arch.) The timber forming the ridge of a roof, +into which the rafters are secured. + +Ridge"rope` (?), n. (Naut.) See Life line (a), under Life. + +Ridg"ing*ly (?), adv. So as to form ridges. + +Ridg"y (?), a. Having a ridge or ridges; rising in a ridge. "Lifted on +a ridgy wave." Pope. + +Rid"i*cle (?), n. Ridicule. [Obs.] Foxe. + +Rid"i*cule (?), n. [F. ridicule, L. ridiculum a jest, fr. ridiculus. +See Ridiculous.] 1. An object of sport or laughter; a laughingstock; a +laughing matter. + + [Marlborough] was so miserably ignorant, that his deficiencies made + him the ridicule of his contemporaries. + + +Buckle. + + To the people . . . but a trifle, to the king but a ridicule. + + +Foxe. + +2. Remarks concerning a subject or a person designed to excite laughter +with a degree of contempt; wit of that species which provokes +contemptuous laughter; disparagement by making a person an object of +laughter; banter; -- a term lighter than derision. + + We have in great measure restricted the meaning of ridicule, which + would properly extend over whole region of the ridiculous, -- the + laughable, -- and we have narrowed it so that in common usage it + mostly corresponds to "derision", which does indeed involve + personal and offensive feelings. + + +Hare. + + Safe from the bar, the pulpit, and the throne, Yet touched and + shamed by ridicule alone. + + +Pope. + +3. Quality of being ridiculous; ridiculousness. [Obs.] + + To see the ridicule of this practice. + + +Addison. + +Syn. -- Derision; banter; raillery; burlesque; mockery; irony; satire; +sarcasm; gibe; jeer; sneer. -- Ridicule, Derision, Both words imply +disapprobation; but ridicule usually signifies good-natured, fun-loving +opposition without manifest malice, while derision is commonly bitter +and scornful, and sometimes malignant. + +Rid"i*cule, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ridiculed (?);p. pr. & vb. n. +Ridiculing.] To laugh at mockingly or disparagingly; to awaken ridicule +toward or respecting. + + I 've known the young, who ridiculed his rage. + + +Goldsmith. + +Syn. -- To deride; banter; rally; burlesque; mock; satirize; lampoon. +See Deride. + +<! p. 1241 !> + +Rid"i*cule (?), a. [F.] Ridiculous. [Obs.] + + This action . . . became so ridicule. + + +Aubrey. + +Rid"i*cu`ler (?), n. One who ridicules. + +Ri*dic"u*lize (?), v. t. To make ridiculous; to ridicule. [Obs.] +Chapman. + +Ri*dic`u*los"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being ridiculous; +ridiculousness; also, something ridiculous. [Archaic] Bailey. + +Ri*dic"u*lous (?), a. [L. ridiculosus, ridiculus, fr. ridere to laigh. +Cf. Risible.] 1. Fitted to excite ridicule; absurd and laughable; +unworthy of serious consideration; as, a ridiculous dress or behavior. + + Agricola, discerning that those little targets and unwieldy glaives + ill pointed would soon become ridiculous against the thrust and + close, commanded three Batavian cohorts . . . to draw up and come + to handy strokes. + + +Milton. + +2. Involving or expressing ridicule. [r.] + + [It] provokes me to ridiculous smiling. + + +Shak. + +Syn. -- Ludicrous; laughable; risible; droll; comical; absurd; +preposterous. See Ludicrous. + +--- Ri*dic"u*lous*ly, adv. -- Ri*dic"u*lous*ness, n. + +Rid"ing (rd"ng), n. [For thriding, Icel. þriðjungr the third part, fr. +þriði third, akin to E. third. See Third.] One of the three +jurisdictions into which the county of York, in England, is divided; -- +formerly under the government of a reeve. They are called the North, +the East, and the West, Riding. Blackstone. + +Rid"ing, a. 1. Employed to travel; traveling; as, a riding clerk. "One +riding apparitor." Ayliffe. + +2. Used for riding on; as, a riding horse. + +3. Used for riding, or when riding; devoted to riding; as, a riding +whip; a riding habit; a riding day. + +Riding clerk. (a) A clerk who traveled for a commercial house. [Obs. +Eng.] (b) One of the "six clerks" formerly attached to the English +Court of Chancery. -- Riding hood. (a) A hood formerly worn by women +when riding. (b) A kind of cloak with a hood. -- Riding master, an +instructor in horsemanship. -- Riding rhyme (Pros.), the meter of five +accents, with couplet rhyme; -- probably so called from the mounted +pilgrims described in the Canterbury Tales. Dr. Guest. -- Riding +school, a school or place where the art of riding is taught. + +Rid"ing, n. 1. The act or state of one who rides. + +2. A festival procession. [Obs.] + + When there any riding was in Cheap. + + +Chaucer. + +3. Same as Ride, n., 3. Sir P. Sidney. + +4. A district in charge of an excise officer. [Eng.] + +||Ri*dot"to (?), n. [It., fr. LL. reductus a retreat. See Redoubt.] A +||favorite Italian public entertainment, consisting of music and +||dancing, -- held generally on fast eves. Brande & C. + + There are to be ridottos at guinea tickets. + + +Walpole. + +Ri*dot"to, v. i. To hold ridottos. [R.] J. G. Cooper. + +Rie (?), n. See Rye. [Obs.] Holland. + +Rie grass. (Bot.) (a) A kind of wild barley (Hordeum pratense). Dr. +Prior. (b) Ray grass. Dr. Prior. + +Rief (?), n. [See Reave.] Robbery. [Obs. or Scot.] + +Riet"boc (?), n. [D. riet reed + bok buck.] (Zoöl.) The reedbuck, a +South African antelope (Cervicapra arundinacea); -- so called from its +frequenting dry places covered with high grass or reeds. Its color is +yellowish brown. Called also inghalla, and rietbok. + +Rife (?), a. [AS. rf abundant, or Icel. rfr munificent; akin to OD. +riff, rijve, abundant.] 1. Prevailing; prevalent; abounding. + + Before the plague of London, inflammations of the lungs were rife + and mortal. + + +Arbuthnot. + + Even now the tumult of loud mirth Was rife, and perfect in may + listening ear. + + +Milton. + +2. Having power; active; nimble. [Obs.] + + What! I am rife a little yet. + + +J. Webster. + +-- Rife"ly, adv. -- Rife"ness, n. + +Rif"fle (?), n. [CF. G. riffeln, riefeln, to groove. Cf. Rifle a gun.] +(Mining) A trough or sluice having cleats, grooves, or steps across the +bottom for holding quicksilver and catching particles of gold when +auriferous earth is washed; also, one of the cleats, grooves, or steps +in such a trough. Also called ripple. + +Rif"fler (?), n. [See Riffle.] A curved file used in carving wool and +marble. + +Riff"raff` (?), n. [OE. rif and raf every particle, OF. rif et raf. CF. +Raff, and 1st Rifle.] Sweepings; refuse; the lowest order of society. +Beau. & Fl. + +Ri"fle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rifled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Rifling +(?).] [F. rifler to rifle, sweep away; of uncertain origin. CF. Raff.] +1. To seize and bear away by force; to snatch away; to carry off. + + Till time shall rifle every youthful grace. + + +Pope. + +2. To strip; to rob; to pillage. Piers Plowman. + + Stand, sir, and throw us that you have about ye: If not, we'll make + you sit and rifle you. + + +Shak. + +3. To raffle. [Obs.] J. Webster. + +Ri"fle, v. i. 1. To raffle. [Obs.] Chapman. + +2. To commit robbery. [R.] Bp. Hall. + +Ri"fle, n. [Akin to Dan. rifle, or riffel, the rifle of a gun, a +chamfer (cf. riffel, riffelbösse, a rifle gun, rifle to rifle a gun, G. +riefeln, riefen, to chamfer, groove), and E. rive. See Rive, and cf. +Riffle, Rivel.] 1. A gun, the inside of whose barrel is grooved with +spiral channels, thus giving the ball a rotary motion and insuring +greater accuracy of fire. As a military firearm it has superseded the +musket. + +2. pl. (Mil.) A body of soldiers armed with rifles. + +3. A strip of wood covered with emery or a similar material, used for +sharpening scythes. + +Rifle pit (Mil.), a trench for sheltering sharpshooters. + +Ri"fle (?), v. t. 1. To grove; to channel; especially, to groove +internally with spiral channels; as, to rifle a gun barrel or a cannon. + +2. To whet with a rifle. See Rifle, n., 3. + +Ri"fle*bird` (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of beautiful +birds of Australia and New Guinea, of the genera Ptiloris and +Craspidophora, allied to the paradise birds. + +The largest and best known species is Ptiloris paradisea of Australia. +Its general color is rich velvety brown, glossed with lilac; the under +parts are varied with rich olive green, and the head, throat, and two +middle tail feathers are brilliant metallic green. + +Ri"fle*man (?), n.; pl. Rifleman (&?;). (Mil.) A soldier armed with a +rifle. + +Ri"fler (?), n. One who rifles; a robber. + +Ri"fling (?), n. (a) The act or process of making the grooves in a +rifled cannon or gun barrel. (b) The system of grooves in a rifled gun +barrel or cannon. + +Shunt rifling, rifling for cannon, in which one side of the groove is +made deeper than the other, to facilitate loading with shot having +projections which enter by the deeper part of the grooves. + +Rift (?), obs. p. p. of Rive. Spenser. + +Rift, n. [Written also reft.] [Dan. rift, fr. rieve to rend. See Rive.] +1. An opening made by riving or splitting; a cleft; a fissure. Spenser. + +2. A shallow place in a stream; a ford. + +Rift, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rifted; p. pr. & vb. n. Rifting.] To cleave; +to rive; to split; as, to rift an oak or a rock; to rift the clouds. +Longfellow. + + To dwell these rifted rocks between. + + +Wordsworth. + +Rift, v. i. 1. To burst open; to split. Shak. + + Timber . . . not apt to rif with ordnance. + + +Bacon. + +2. To belch. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] + +Rift"er (?), n. A rafter. [Obs.] Holland. + +Rig (?), n. [See Ridge.] A ridge. [Prov. or Scott.] + +Rig, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rigged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Rigging (?).] +[Norweg. rigga to bind, particularly, to wrap round, rig; cf. AS. wrhan +to cover.] 1. To furnish with apparatus or gear; to fit with tackling. + +2. To dress; to equip; to clothe, especially in an odd or fanciful +manner; -- commonly followed by out. + + Jack was rigged out in his gold and silver lace. + + +L'Estrange. + +To rig a purchase, to adapt apparatus so as to get a purchase for +moving a weight, as with a lever, tackle, capstan, etc. -- To rig a +ship (Naut.), to fit the shrouds, stays, braces, etc., to their +respective masts and yards. + +Rig, n. 1. (Naut.) The peculiar fitting in shape, number, and +arrangement of sails and masts, by which different types of vessels are +distinguished; as, schooner rig, ship rig, etc. See Illustration in +Appendix. + +2. Dress; esp., odd or fanciful clothing. [Colloq.] + +Rig, n. [Cf. Wriggle.] 1. A romp; a wanton; one given to unbecoming +conduct. [Obs.] Fuller. + +2. A sportive or unbecoming trick; a frolic. + +3. A blast of wind. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. + + That uncertain season before the rigs of Michaelmas were yet well + composed. + + +Burke. + +To run a rig, to play a trick; to engage in a frolic; to do something +strange and unbecoming. + + He little dreamt when he set out Of running such a rig. + + +Cowper. + +Rig, v. i. To play the wanton; to act in an unbecoming manner; to play +tricks. "Rigging and rifling all ways." Chapman. + +Rig, v. t. To make free with; hence, to steal; to pilfer. [Obs. or +Prov.] Tusser. + +To rig the market (Stock Exchange), to raise or lower market prices, as +by some fraud or trick. [Cant] + +Rig`a*doon" (?), n. [F. rigadon, rigaudon.] A gay, lively dance for one +couple, -- said to have been borrowed from Provence in France. W. +Irving. + + Whose dancing dogs in rigadoons excel. + + +Wolcott. + +Ri"ga fir` (?), [So called from Riga, a city in Russia.] (Bot.) A +species of pine (Pinus sylvestris), and its wood, which affords a +valuable timber; -- called also Scotch pine, and red or yellow deal. It +grows in all parts of Europe, in the Caucasus, and in Siberia. + +Ri*ga"rion (?), n. [L. rigatio, fr. rigare to water.] See Irrigation. +[Obs.] + +Ri"gel (?), n. [Ar. rijl, properly, foot.] (Astron.) A fixed star of +the first magnitude in the left foot of the constellation Orion. +[Written also Regel.] + +Ri*ges"cent (?), a. [L. rigescens, p. pr. fr. rigescere to grow stiff.] +Growing stiff or numb. + +Rig"ger (?), n. 1. One who rigs or dresses; one whose occupation is to +fit the rigging of a ship. + +2. A cylindrical pulley or drum in machinery. [R.] + +Rig"ging (?), n. DRess; tackle; especially (Naut.), the ropes, chains, +etc., that support the masts and spars of a vessel, and serve as +purchases for adjusting the sails, etc. See Illustr. of Ship and Sails. + +Running rigging (Naut.), all those ropes used in bracing the yards, +making and shortening sail, etc., such as braces, sheets, halyards, +clew lines, and the like. -- Standing rigging (Naut.), the shrouds and +stays. + +Rig"gish (?), a. Like a rig or wanton. [Obs.] "Riggish and unmaidenly." +Bp. Hall. + +Rig"gle (?), v. i. See Wriggle. + +Rig"gle, n. The European lance fish. [Prov. Eng.] + +Right (rt), a. [OE. right, riht, AS. riht; akin to D. regt, OS. & OHG. +reht, G. recht, Dan. ret, Sw. rätt, Icel. rëttr, Goth. raíhts, L. +rectus, p. p. of regere to guide, rule; cf. Skr. ju straight, right. +√115. Cf. Adroit,Alert, Correct, Dress, Regular, Rector, Recto, +Rectum, Regent, Region, Realm, Rich, Royal, Rule.] 1. Straight; direct; +not crooked; as, a right line. "Right as any line." Chaucer + +2. Upright; erect from a base; having an upright axis; not oblique; as, +right ascension; a right pyramid or cone. + +3. Conformed to the constitution of man and the will of God, or to +justice and equity; not deviating from the true and just; according +with truth and duty; just; true. + + That which is conformable to the Supreme Rule is absolutely right, + and is called right simply without relation to a special end. + + +Whately. + +2. Fit; suitable; proper; correct; becoming; as, the right man in the +right place; the right way from London to Oxford. + +5. Characterized by reality or genuineness; real; actual; not spurious. +"His right wife." Chaucer. + + In this battle, . . . the Britons never more plainly manifested + themselves to be right barbarians. + + +Milton. + +6. According with truth; passing a true judgment; conforming to fact or +intent; not mistaken or wrong; not erroneous; correct; as, this is the +right faith. + + You are right, Justice, and you weigh this well. + + +Shak. + + If there be no prospect beyond the grave, the inference is . . . + right, "Let us eat and drink, for to-morrow we die." + + +Locke. + +7. Most favorable or convenient; fortunate. + + The lady has been disappointed on the right side. + + +Spectator. + +8. Of or pertaining to that side of the body in man on which the +muscular action is usually stronger than on the other side; -- opposed +to left when used in reference to a part of the body; as, the right +side, hand, arm. Also applied to the corresponding side of the lower +animals. + + Became the sovereign's favorite, his right hand. + + +Longfellow. + +In designating the banks of a river, right and left are used always +with reference to the position of one who is facing in the direction of +the current's flow. + +9. Well placed, disposed, or adjusted; orderly; well regulated; +correctly done. + +10. Designed to be placed or worn outward; as, the right side of a +piece of cloth. + +At right angles, so as to form a right angle or right angles, as when +one line crosses another perpendicularly. -- Right and left, in both or +all directions. [Colloq.] -- Right and left coupling (Pipe fitting), a +coupling the opposite ends of which are tapped for a right-handed screw +and a left-handed screw, respectivelly. -- Right angle. (a) The angle +formed by one line meeting another perpendicularly, as the angles ABD, +DBC. (b) (Spherics) A spherical angle included between the axes of two +great circles whose planes are perpendicular to each other. -- Right +ascension. See under Ascension. -- Right Center (Politics), those +members belonging to the Center in a legislative assembly who have +sympathies with the Right on political questions. See Center, n., 5. -- +Right cone, Right cylinder, Right prism, Right pyramid (Geom.), a cone, +cylinder, prism, or pyramid, the axis of which is perpendicular to the +base. -- Right line. See under Line. -- Right sailing (Naut.), sailing +on one of the four cardinal points, so as to alter a ship's latitude or +its longitude, but not both. Ham. Nav. Encyc. -- Right sphere (Astron. +& Geol.), a sphere in such a position that the equator cuts the horizon +at right angles; in spherical projections, that position of the sphere +in which the primitive plane coincides with the plane of the equator. + +Right is used elliptically for it is right, what you say is right, +true. + + "Right," cries his lordship. + + +Pope. + +Syn. -- Straight; direct; perpendicular; upright; lawful; rightful; +true; correct; just; equitable; proper; suitable; becoming. + +Right, adv. 1. In a right manner. + +2. In a right or straight line; directly; hence; straightway; +immediately; next; as, he stood right before me; it went right to the +mark; he came right out; he followed right after the guide. + + Unto Dian's temple goeth she right. + + +Chaucer. + + Let thine eyes look right on. + + +Prov. iv. 25. + + Right across its track there lay, Down in the water, a long reef of + gold. + + +Tennyson. + +3. Exactly; just. [Obs. or Colloq.] + + Came he right now to sing a raven's note? + + +Shak. + +4. According to the law or will of God; conforming to the standard of +truth and justice; righteously; as, to live right; to judge right. + +5. According to any rule of art; correctly. + + You with strict discipline instructed right. + + +Roscommon. + +6. According to fact or truth; actually; truly; really; correctly; +exactly; as, to tell a story right. "Right at mine own cost." Chaucer. + + Right as it were a steed of Lumbardye. + + +Chaucer. + + His wounds so smarted that he slept right naught. + + +Fairfax. + +7. In a great degree; very; wholly; unqualifiedly; extremely; highly; +as, right humble; right noble; right valiant. "He was not right fat". +Chaucer. + + For which I should be right sorry. + + +Tyndale. + + [I] return those duties back as are right fit. + + +Shak. + +In this sense now chiefly prefixed to titles; as, right honorable; +right reverend. + +Right honorable, a title given in England to peers and peeresses, to +the eldest sons and all daughters of such peers as have rank above +viscounts, and to all privy councilors; also, to certain civic +officers, as the lord mayor of London, of York, and of Dublin. + +<! p. 1242 !> + +Right is used in composition with other adverbs, as upright, downright, +forthright, etc. + +Right along, without cessation; continuously; as, to work right along +for several hours. [Colloq. U.S.] -- Right away, or Right off, at once; +straightway; without delay. [Colloq. U.S.] "We will . . . shut +ourselves up in the office and do the work right off." D. Webster. + +Right (?), n. [AS. right. See Right, a.] 1. That which is right or +correct. Specifically: (a) The straight course; adherence to duty; +obedience to lawful authority, divine or human; freedom from guilt, -- +the opposite of moral wrong. (b) A true statement; freedom from error +of falsehood; adherence to truth or fact. + + Seldom your opinions err; Your eyes are always in the right. + + +Prior. + +(c) A just judgment or action; that which is true or proper; justice; +uprightness; integrity. + + Long love to her has borne the faithful knight, And well deserved, + had fortune done him right. + + +Dryden. + +2. That to which one has a just claim. Specifically: (a) That which one +has a natural claim to exact. + + There are no rights whatever, without corresponding duties. + + +Coleridge. + +(b) That which one has a legal or social claim to do or to exact; legal +power; authority; as, a sheriff has a right to arrest a criminal. (c) +That which justly belongs to one; that which one has a claim to possess +or own; the interest or share which anyone has in a piece of property; +title; claim; interest; ownership. + + Born free, he sought his right. + + +Dryden. + + Hast thou not right to all created things? + + +Milton. + + Men have no right to what is not reasonable. + + +Burke. + +(d) Privilege or immunity granted by authority. + +3. The right side; the side opposite to the left. + + Led her to the Souldan's right. + + +Spenser. + +4. In some legislative bodies of Europe (as in France), those members +collectively who are conservatives or monarchists. See Center, 5. + +5. The outward or most finished surface, as of a piece of cloth, a +carpet, etc. + +At all right, at all points; in all respects. [Obs.] Chaucer. -- Bill +of rights, a list of rights; a paper containing a declaration of +rights, or the declaration itself. See under Bill. -- By right, By +rights, or By good rights, rightly; properly; correctly. + + He should himself use it by right. + + +Chaucer. + + I should have been a woman by right. + + +Shak. + +-- Divine right, or Divine right of kings, a name given to the +patriarchal theory of government, especially to the doctrine that no +misconduct and no dispossession can forfeit the right of a monarch or +his heirs to the throne, and to the obedience of the people. -- To +rights. (a) In a direct line; straight. [R.] Woodward. (b) At once; +directly. [Obs. or Colloq.] Swift. -- To set to rights, To put to +rights, to put in good order; to adjust; to regulate, as what is out of +order. -- Writ of right (Law), a writ which lay to recover lands in fee +simple, unjustly withheld from the true owner. Blackstone. + +Right, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Righted; p. pr. & vb. n. Righting.] [AS. +rihtan. See Right, a.] 1. To bring or restore to the proper or natural +position; to set upright; to make right or straight (that which has +been wrong or crooked); to correct. + +2. To do justice to; to relieve from wrong; to restore rights to; to +assert or regain the rights of; as, to right the oppressed; to right +one's self; also, to vindicate. + + So just is God, to right the innocent. + + +Shak. + + All experience hath shown that mankind are more disposed to suffer + while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing + the forms to which they are accustomed. + + +Jefferson. + +To right a vessel (Naut.), to restore her to an upright position after +careening. -- To right the helm (Naut.), to place it in line with the +keel. + +Right, v. i. 1. To recover the proper or natural condition or position; +to become upright. + +2. (Naut.) Hence, to regain an upright position, as a ship or boat, +after careening. + +Right"-a*bout` (?), n. [Right, adv. + about, adv.] A turning directly +about by the right, so as to face in the opposite direction; also, the +quarter directly opposite; as, to turn to the right-about. + +To send to the right-about, to cause to turn toward the opposite point +or quarter; -- hence, of troops, to cause to turn and retreat. +[Colloq.] Sir W. Scott. + +Right"-an`gled (?), a. Containing a right angle or right angles; as, a +right-angled triangle. + +Right"en (?), v. t. To do justice to. [Obs.] + + Relieve [marginal reading, righten] the opressed. + + +Isa. i. 17. + +Right"eous (?), a. [OE. rightways, rightwise, AS. rightws; riht right + +ws wise, having wisdom, prudent. See Right, a., Wise, a.] Doing, or +according with, that which is right; yielding to all their due; just; +equitable; especially, free from wrong, guilt, or sin; holy; as, a +righteous man or act; a righteous retribution. + + Fearless in his righteous cause. + + +Milton. + +Syn. -- Upright; just; godly; holy; uncorrupt; virtuous; honest; +equitable; rightful. + +Right"eoused (?), a. Made righteous. [Obs.] + +Right"eous*ly (?), adv. [AS. rightwslce.] In a righteous manner; as, to +judge righteously. + +Right"eous*ness, n. [AS. rihtwsnes.] 1. The quality or state of being +righteous; holiness; purity; uprightness; rectitude. + +Righteousness, as used in Scripture and theology, in which it chiefly +occurs, is nearly equivalent to holiness, comprehending holy principles +and affections of heart, and conformity of life to the divine law. + +2. A righteous act, or righteous quality. + + All our righteousnesses are as filthy rags. + + +Isa. lxiv. 6. + +3. The act or conduct of one who is righteous. + + Blessed are they that keep judgment, and he that doeth + righteousness at all times. + + +Ps. cvi. 3. + +4. (Theol.) The state of being right with God; justification; the work +of Christ, which is the ground of justification. + + There are two kinds of Christian righteousness: the one without us, + which we have by imputation; the other in us, which consisteth of + faith, hope, and charity, and other Christian virtues. + + +Hooker. + + Only for the righteousness of Christ imputed to us, and received by + faith alone. + + +Westminster Catechism. + +Syn. -- Uprightness; holiness; godliness; equity; justice; +rightfulness; integrity; honesty; faithfulness. + +Right"er (?), n. One who sets right; one who does justice or redresses +wrong. Shelton. + +Right"ful (?), a. 1. Righteous; upright; just; good; -- said of +persons. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +2. Consonant to justice; just; as, a rightful cause. + +3. Having the right or just claim according to established laws; being +or holding by right; as, the rightful heir to a throne or an estate; a +rightful king. + +4. Belonging, held, or possessed by right, or by just claim; as, a +rightful inheritance; rightful authority. + +Syn. -- Just; lawful; true; honest; equitable; proper. + +Right"ful*ly, adv. According to right or justice. + +Right"ful*ness, n. 1. The quality or state of being rightful; +accordance with right and justice. + +2. Moral rectitude; righteousness. [Obs.] Wyclif. + + We fail of perfect rightfulness. + + +Sir P. Sidney. + +Right"-hand` (?), a. 1. Situated or being on the right; nearer the +right hand than the left; as, the right-hand side, room, or road. + +2. Chiefly relied on; almost indispensable. + + Mr. Alexander Truncheon, who is their right-hand man in the troop. + + +Addison. + +Right-hand rope, a rope which is laid up and twisted with the sun, that +is, in the same direction as plain-laid rope. See Illust. of Cordage. + +Right"-hand`ed, a. 1. Using the right hand habitually, or more easily +than the left. + +2. Having the same direction or course as the movement of the hands of +a watch seen in front; -- said of the motion of a revolving object +looked at from a given direction. + +3. (Zoöl.) Having the whorls rising from left to right; dextral; -- +said of spiral shells. See Illust. of Scalaria. + +Right-handed screw, a screw, the threads of which, like those of a +common wood screw, wind spirally in such a direction that the screw +advances away from the observer when turned with a right-handed +movement in a fixed nut. + +Right"-hand`ed*ness, n. The state or quality of being right-handed; +hence, skill; dexterity. + +Right"-heart`ed (?), a. Having a right heart or disposition. -- +Right"-heart`ed*ness, n. + +Right"less, a. Destitute of right. Sylvester. + +Right"-lined` (?), a. Formed by right lines; rectilineal; as, a +right-lined angle. + +Right"ly, adv. [AS. richtlice.] 1. Straightly; directly; in front. +[Obs.] Shak. + +2. According to justice; according to the divine will or moral +rectitude; uprightly; as, duty rightly performed. + +3. Properly; fitly; suitably; appropriately. + + Eve rightly called, Mother of all mankind. + + +Milton. + +4. According to truth or fact; correctly; not erroneously; exactly. "I +can not rightly say." Shak. + + Thou didst not rightly see. + + +Dryden. + +Right"-mind`ed (?), a. Having a right or honest mind. -- +Right"-mind`ed*ness, n. + +Right"ness, n. [AS. rihtnes.] Straightness; as, the rightness of a +line. Bacon. + +2. The quality or state of being right; right relation. + + The craving for rightness with God. + + +J. C. Shairp. + +Right"-run`ning (?), a. Straight; direct. + +Right"ward (?), adv. Toward the right. + + Rightward and leftward rise the rocks. + + +Southey. + +Right" whale` (?). (Zoöl.) (a) The bowhead, Arctic, or Greenland whale +(Balæna mysticetus), from whose mouth the best whalebone is obtained. +(b) Any other whale that produces valuable whalebone, as the Atlantic, +or Biscay, right whale (Balæna cisarctica), and the Pacific right whale +(B. Sieboldii); a bone whale. + +Pygmy right whale (Zoöl.), a small New Zealand whale (Neobalæna +marginata) which is only about sixteen feet long. It produces short, +but very elastic and tough, whalebone. + +Right"wise` (?), a. Righteous. [Obs.] Wyclif. + +Right"wise`, v. t. To make righteous. [Obs.] + +Right"wise`ly, adv. Righteously. [Obs.] + +Right"wise`ness, n. Righteousness. [Obs.] + + In doom and eke in rightwisnesse. + + +Chaucer. + +Rig"id (?), a. [L. rigidus, fr. rigere to be stiff or numb: cf. F. +rigide. Cf. Rigor. ] 1. Firm; stiff; unyielding; not pliant; not +flexible. + + Upright beams innumerable Of rigid spears. + + +Milton. + +2. Hence, not lax or indulgent; severe; inflexible; strict; as, a rigid +father or master; rigid discipline; rigid criticism; a rigid sentence. + + The more rigid order of principles in religion and government. + + +Hawthorne. + +Syn. -- Stiff; unpliant; inflexible; unyielding; strict; exact; severe; +austere; stern; rigorous; unmitigated. + +Ri*gid"i*ty (?), n. [L. rigiditas: cf. F. rigidité. See Rigid.] 1. The +quality or state of being rigid; want of pliability; the quality of +resisting change of form; the amount of resistance with which a body +opposes change of form; -- opposed to flexibility, ductility, +malleability, and softness. + +2. Stiffness of appearance or manner; want of ease or elegance. Sir H. +Wotton. + +3. Severity; rigor. [Obs. orR.] Bp. Burnet. + +Syn. -- Stiffness; rigidness; inflexibility. + +Rig"id*ly (?), v. In a rigid manner; stiffly. + +Rig"id*ness, n. The quality or state of being rigid. + +Ri*gid"u*lous (?), a. [Dim. from rigid.] (Bot.) Somewhat rigid or +stiff; as, a rigidulous bristle. + +Rig"let (?), n. (Print.) See Reglet. + +Rig"ma*role (?), n. [For ragman roll. See Ragman's roll.] A succession +of confused or nonsensical statements; foolish talk; nonsense. +[Colloq.] + + Often one's dear friend talks something which one scruples to call + rigmarole. + + +De Quincey. + +Rig"ma*role, a. Consisting of rigmarole; frovolous; nonsensical; +foolish. + +Rig"ol (?), n. [OE. also ringol. Cf. Ring.] A circle; hence, a diadem. +[Obs.] Shak. + +Rig"oll (?), n. [Corrupted fr. regal.] A musical instrument formerly in +use, consisting of several sticks bound together, but separated by +beads, and played with a stick with a ball at its end. Moore (Encyc. of +Music.). + +||Ri"gor (?), n. [L. See Rigor., below.] 1. Rigidity; stiffness. + +2. (ed.) A sense of chilliness, with contraction of the skin; a +convulsive shuddering or tremor, as in the chill preceding a fever. + +||Rigor caloris (&?;) [L., rigor of heat] (Physiol.), a form of rigor +||mortis induced by heat, as when the muscle of a mammal is heated to +||about 50°C. -- ||Rigor mortis (&?;) [L. , rigor of death], death +||stiffening; the rigidity of the muscles that occurs at death and +||lasts till decomposition sets in. It is due to the formation of +||myosin by the coagulation of the contents of the individual muscle +||fibers. + +Rig"or (?), n. [OE. rigour, OF. rigour, F. rigueur, from L. rigor, fr. +rigere to be stiff. See Rigid.] [Written also rigour.] 1. The becoming +stiff or rigid; the state of being rigid; rigidity; stiffness; +hardness. + + The rest his look Bound with Gorgonian rigor not to move. + + +Milton. + +2. (Med.) See 1st Rigor, 2. + +3. Severity of climate or season; inclemency; as, the rigor of the +storm; the rigors of winter. + +4. Stiffness of opinion or temper; rugged sternness; hardness; +relentless severity; hard-heartedness; cruelty. + + All his rigor is turned to grief and pity. + + +Denham. + + If I shall be condemn'd Upon surmises, . . . I tell you 'T is rigor + and not law. + + +Shak. + +5. Exactness without allowance, deviation, or indulgence; strictness; +as, the rigor of criticism; to execute a law with rigor; to enforce +moral duties with rigor; -- opposed to lenity. + +6. Severity of life; austerity; voluntary submission to pain, +abstinence, or mortification. + + The prince lived in this convent with all the rigor and austerity + of a capuchin. + + +Addison. + +7. Violence; force; fury. [Obs.] + + Whose raging rigor neither steel nor brass could stay. + + +Spenser. + +Syn. -- Stiffness; rigidness; inflexibility; severity; austerity; +sternness; harshness; strictness; exactness. + +Rig"or*ism (?), n. 1. Rigidity in principle or practice; strictness; -- +opposed to laxity. + +2. Severity, as of style, or the like. Jefferson. + +Rig"or*ist, n. [Cf. F. rigoriste.] One who is rigorous; -- sometimes +applied to an extreme Jansenist. + +Rig"or*ous (?), a. [F. rigoureux, LL. rigorosus. See Rigor.] 1. +Manifesting, exercising, or favoring rigor; allowing no abatement or +mitigation; scrupulously accurate; exact; strict; severe; relentless; +as, a rigorous officer of justice; a rigorous execution of law; a +rigorous definition or demonstration. + + He shall be thrown down the Tarpeian Rock With rigorous hands. + + +Shak. + + We do not connect the scattered phenomena into their rigorous + unity. + + +De Quincey. + +2. Severe; intense; inclement; as, a rigorous winter. + +3. Violent. [Obs.] "Rigorous uproar." Spenser. + +Syn. -- Rigid; inflexible; unyielding; stiff; severe; austere; stern; +harsh; strict; exact. + +-- Rig"or*ous*ly, adv. -- Rig"or*ous*ness, n. + +||Rigs"da`ler (?), n. [Dan. See Rix- dollar.] A Danish coin worth about +||fifty-four cents. It was the former unit of value in Denmark. + +||Rig`-Ve"da (?). See Veda. + +||Riks"da`ler (?), n. [Sw. See Rix- dollar.] A Swedish coin worth about +||twenty-seven cents. It was formerly the unit of value in Sweden. + +Rile (rl), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Riled (rld); p. pr. & vb. n. Riling.] +[See Roil.] 1. To render turbid or muddy; to stir up; to roil. + +2. To stir up in feelings; to make angry; to vex. + +In both senses provincial in England and colloquial in the United +States. + +||Ri*lie"vo (?), n.[It. See Relief.] (Sculp. & Arch.) Same as Relief, +||n., 5. + +Rill (rl), n. [Cf. LG. rille a small channel or brook, a furrow, a +chamfer, OE. rigol a small brook, F. rigole a trench or furrow for +water, W. rhill a row, rhigol a little ditch. √11.] 1. A very +small brook; a streamlet. + +2. (Astron.) See Rille. + +Rill, v. i. To run a small stream. [R.] Prior. + +Rille (rl), n. [G. rille a furrow.] (Astron.) One of certain narrow, +crooked valleys seen, by aid of the telescope, on the surface of the +moon. + +Rill"et (?), n. A little rill. Burton. + +Ri"ly (?), a. Roily. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U.S.] + +<! p. 1243 !> + +Rim (?), n. [As. rima, reoma, edge; cf. W. rhim, rhimp, a rim, edge, +boundary, termination, Armor, rim. Cf. Rind.] 1. The border, edge, or +margin of a thing, usually of something circular or curving; as, the +rim of a kettle or basin. + +2. The lower part of the abdomen. [Obs.] Shak. + +Arch rim (Phonetics), the line between the gums and the palate. -- +Rim-fire cartridge. (Mil.) See under Cartridge. -- Rim lock. See under +Lock. + +Rim, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rimmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Rimming.] To +furnish with a rim; to border. + +||Ri"ma (?), n.; pl. Rimæ (#). [L.] (Anat.) A narrow and elongated +||aperture; a cleft; a fissure. + +||Ri"mau da"han (?). [From the native Oriental name.] (Zoöl.) The +||clouded tiger cat (Felis marmorata) of Southern Asia and the East +||Indies. + +Rim"base` (?), n. (Mil.) A short cylinder connecting a trunnion with +the body of a cannon. See Illust. of Cannon. + +Rime (?), n. [L. rima.] A rent or long aperture; a chink; a fissure; a +crack. Sir T. Browne. + +Rime, n. [AS. hrm; akin to D. rijm, Icel. hrm, Dan. rim, Sw. rim; cf. +D. rijp, G. reif, OHG. rfo, hrfo.] White frost; hoarfrost; congealed +dew or vapor. + + The trees were now covered with rime. + + +De Quincey. + +Rime, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rimed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Riming.] To freeze +or congeal into hoarfrost. + +Rime, n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A step or round of a ladder; a rung. + +Rime, n. Rhyme. See Rhyme. Coleridge. Landor. + +This spelling, which is etymologically preferable, is coming into use +again. + +Rime, v. i. & t. To rhyme. See Rhyme. + +Rim"er (?), n. A rhymer; a versifier. + +Rim"er, n. A tool for shaping the rimes of a ladder. + +Rim"ey (?), v. t. [Cf. OF. rimoier. See Ryime.] To compose in rhyme; to +versify. [Obs.] + + [Lays] rimeyed in their first Breton tongue. + + +Chaucer. + +Rim"mer (?), n. An implement for cutting, trimming, or ornamenting the +rim of anything, as the edges of pies, etc.; also, a reamer. Knight. + +Ri*mose" (?), a. [L. rimosus, fr. rima a chink: cf. F. rimeux.] 1. Full +of rimes, fissures, or chinks. + +2. (Nat. Hist.) Having long and nearly parallel clefts or chinks, like +those in the bark of trees. + +Ri*mose"ly, adv. In a rimose manner. + +Ri*mos"i*ty (?), n. State of being rimose. + +Rim"ous (?), a. Rimose. + +Rim"ple (?), n. [AS. hrimpele, or rimpel. See Rumple.] A fold or +wrinkle. See Rumple. + +Rim"ple, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Rimpled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Rimpling +(?).] To rumple; to wrinkle. + +Rim"y (?), a. Abounding with rime; frosty. + +Rind (rnd), n. [AS. rind bark, crust of bread; akin to OHG. rinta, G. +rinde, and probably to E. rand, rim; cf. Skr. ram to end, rest.] The +external covering or coat, as of flesh, fruit, trees, etc.; skin; hide; +bark; peel; shell. + + Thou canst not touch the freedom of my mind With all thy charms, + although this corporal rind Thou hast immanacled. + + +Milton. + + Sweetest nut hath sourest rind. + + +Shak. + +Rind, v. t. To remove the rind of; to bark. [R.] + +Rin"der*pest (rn"dr*pst), n. [G., fr. rind, pl. rinder, cattle + pest +pest, plague.] A highly contagious distemper or murrain, affecting neat +cattle, and less commonly sheep and goats; -- called also cattle +plague, Russian cattle plague, and steppe murrain. + +Rin"dle (rn"d'l), n. [AS. rynele. √11. See Run.] A small water +course or gutter. Ash. + +Rind"less (rnd"ls), a. Destitute of a rind. + +Rind"y (-), a. Having a rind or skin. Ash. + +Rine (rn), n. See Rind. [Obs.] Spenser. + +Rined (?), a. Having a rind [Obs.] Milton. + +||Rin`for*zan"do (?), a. [It., fr. rinforzare to reënforce, +||strengthen.] (Mus.) Increasing; strengthening; -- a direction +||indicating a sudden increase of force (abbreviated rf., rfz.) Cf. +||Forzando, and Sforzando. + +Ring (rng), v. t. [imp. Rang (rng) or Rung (rng); p. p. Rung; p. pr. & +vb. n. Ringing.] [AS. hringan; akin to Icel. hringja, Sw. ringa, Dan. +ringe, OD. ringhen, ringkelen. √19.] 1. To cause to sound, +especially by striking, as a metallic body; as, to ring a bell. + +2. To make (a sound), as by ringing a bell; to sound. + + The shard-borne beetle, with his drowsy hums, Hath rung night's + yawning peal. + + +Shak. + +3. To repeat often, loudly, or earnestly. + +To ring a peal, to ring a set of changes on a chime of bells. -- To +ring the changes upon. See under Change. -- To ring in or out, to +usher, attend on, or celebrate, by the ringing of bells; as, to ring +out the old year and ring in the new. Tennyson. -- To ring the bells +backward, to sound the chimes, reversing the common order; -- formerly +done as a signal of alarm or danger. Sir W. Scott. + +Ring, v. i. 1. To sound, as a bell or other sonorous body, particularly +a metallic one. + + Now ringen trompes loud and clarion. + + +Chaucer. + + Why ring not out the bells? + + +Shak. + +2. To practice making music with bells. Holder. + +3. To sound loud; to resound; to be filled with a ringing or +reverberating sound. + + With sweeter notes each rising temple rung. + + +Pope. + + The hall with harp and carol rang. + + +Tennyson. + + My ears still ring with noise. + + +Dryden. + +4. To continue to sound or vibrate; to resound. + + The assertion is still ringing in our ears. + + +Burke. + +5. To be filled with report or talk; as, the whole town rings with his +fame. + +Ring, n. 1. A sound; especially, the sound of vibrating metals; as, the +ring of a bell. + +2. Any loud sound; the sound of numerous voices; a sound continued, +repeated, or reverberated. + + The ring of acclamations fresh in his ears. + + +Bacon + +3. A chime, or set of bells harmonically tuned. + + As great and tunable a ring of bells as any in the world. + + +Fuller. + +Ring (?), n. [AS. hring, hrinc; akin to Fries. hring, D. & G. ring, +OHG. ring, hring, Icel. hringr, DAn. & SW. ring; cf. Russ. krug'. Cf. +Harangue, Rank a row,Rink.] A circle, or a circular line, or anything +in the form of a circular line or hoop. + +2. Specifically, a circular ornament of gold or other precious material +worn on the finger, or attached to the ear, the nose, or some other +part of the person; as, a wedding ring. + + Upon his thumb he had of gold a ring. + + +Chaucer. + + The dearest ring in Venice will I give you. + + +Shak. + +3. A circular area in which races are or run or other sports are +performed; an arena. + + Place me, O, place me in the dusty ring, Where youthful charioteers + contend for glory. + + +E. Smith. + +4. An inclosed space in which pugilists fight; hence, figuratively, +prize fighting. "The road was an institution, the ring was an +institution." Thackeray. + +5. A circular group of persons. + + And hears the Muses in a ring Aye round about Jove's alter sing. + + +Milton. + +6. (Geom.) (a) The plane figure included between the circumferences of +two concentric circles. (b) The solid generated by the revolution of a +circle, or other figure, about an exterior straight line (as an axis) +lying in the same plane as the circle or other figure. + +7. (Astron. & Navigation) An instrument, formerly used for taking the +sun's altitude, consisting of a brass ring suspended by a swivel, with +a hole at one side through which a solar ray entering indicated the +altitude on the graduated inner surface opposite. + +8. (Bot.) An elastic band partly or wholly encircling the spore cases +of ferns. See Illust. of Sporangium. + +9. A clique; an exclusive combination of persons for a selfish purpose, +as to control the market, distribute offices, obtain contracts, etc. + + The ruling ring at Constantinople. + + +E. A. Freeman. + +Ring armor, armor composed of rings of metal. See Ring mail, below, and +Chain mail, under Chain. -- Ring blackbird (Zoöl.), the ring ousel. -- +Ring canal (Zoöl.), the circular water tube which surrounds the +esophagus of echinoderms. -- Ring dotterel, or Ringed dotterel. (Zoöl.) +See Dotterel, and Illust. of Pressiroster. -- Ring dropper, a sharper +who pretends to have found a ring (dropped by himself), and tries to +induce another to buy it as valuable, it being worthless. -- Ring +fence. See under Fence. -- Ring finger, the third finger of the left +hand, or the next the little finger, on which the ring is placed in +marriage. -- Ring formula (Chem.), a graphic formula in the shape of a +closed ring, as in the case of benzene, pyridine, etc. See Illust. +under Benzene. -- Ring mail, a kind of mail made of small steel rings +sewed upon a garment of leather or of cloth. -- Ring micrometer. +(Astron.) See Circular micrometer, under Micrometer. -- Saturn's rings. +See Saturn. -- Ring ousel. (Zoöl.) See Ousel. -- Ring parrot (Zoöl.), +any one of several species of Old World parrakeets having a red ring +around the neck, especially Palæornis torquatus, common in India, and +P. Alexandri of Java. -- Ring plover. (Zoöl.) (a) The ringed dotterel. +(b) Any one of several small American plovers having a dark ring around +the neck, as the semipalmated plover (Ægialitis semipalmata). -- Ring +snake (Zoöl.), a small harmless American snake (Diadophis punctatus) +having a white ring around the neck. The back is ash-colored, or sage +green, the belly of an orange red. -- Ring stopper. (Naut.) See under +Stopper. -- Ring thrush (Zoöl.), the ring ousel. -- The prize ring, the +ring in which prize fighters contend; prize fighters, collectively. -- +The ring. (a) The body of sporting men who bet on horse races. [Eng.] +(b) The prize ring. + +Ring, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ringed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ringing.] 1. To +surround with a ring, or as with a ring; to encircle. "Ring these +fingers." Shak. + +2. (Hort.) To make a ring around by cutting away the bark; to girdle; +as, to ring branches or roots. + +3. To fit with a ring or with rings, as the fingers, or a swine's +snout. + +Ring, v. i. (Falconry) To rise in the air spirally. + +Ring"bill` (?), n. (Zoöl.) The ring-necked scaup duck; -- called also +ring-billed blackhead. See Scaup. + +Ring"bird` (?), n. (Zoöl.) The reed bunting. It has a collar of white +feathers. Called also ring bunting. + +Ring"bolt` (?), n. An eyebolt having a ring through the eye. + +Ring"bone` (?), n. (Far.) A morbid growth or deposit of bony matter +between or on the small pastern and the great pastern bones. J. H. +Walsh. + +Ring"dove` (?), n. (Zoöl.) A European wild pigeon (Columba palumbus) +having a white crescent on each side of the neck, whence the name. +Called also wood pigeon, and cushat. + +Ringed (?), a. 1. Encircled or marked with, or as with, a ring or +rings. + +2. Wearning a wedding ring; hence, lawfully wedded. "A ringed wife." +Tennyson. + +Ringed seal (Zoöl.), a North Pacific seal (Phoca fœtida) having +ringlike spots on the body. -- Ringed snake (Zoöl.), a harmless +European snake (Tropidonotus natrix) common in England. -- Ringed worm +(Zoöl.), an annelid. + +Rin"gent (?), a. [L. ringens, -entis, p. pr. of ringi to open wide the +mouth: cf. F. ringent.] (Bot.) Having the lips widely separated and +gaping like an open mouth; as a ringent bilabiate corolla. + +Ring"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, rings; especially, one who +rings chimes on bells. + +2. (Mining) A crowbar. Simmonds. + +Ring"er (?), n. (Horse Racing) A horse that is not entitled to take +part in a race, but is fraudulently got into it. + +Ring"head` (?), n. (Cloth Manuf.) An instrument used for stretching +woolen cloth. + +Ring"ing, a & n. from Ring, v. + +Ringing engine, a simple form of pile driver in which the monkey is +lifted by men pulling on ropes. + +Ring"ing*ly, adv. In a ringing manner. + +Ring"lead`er (?), n. 1. The leader of a circle of dancers; hence, the +leader of a number of persons acting together; the leader of a herd of +animals. + + A primacy of order, such an one as the ringleader hath in a dance. + + +Barrow. + +2. Opprobriously, a leader of a body of men engaged in the violation of +law or in an illegal enterprise, as rioters, mutineers, or the like. + + The ringleaders were apprehended, tried, fined, and imprisoned. + + +Macaulay. + +Rin"gle*stone` (?), n. (Zoöl.) The ringed dotterel, or ring plover. +[Prov. Eng.] + +Ring"let (?), n. [Ring + - let.] 1. A small ring; a small circle; +specifically, a fairy ring. + + You demi-puppets, that By moonshine do the green sour ringlets + make, Whereof the ewe not bites. + + +Shak. + +2. A curl; especially, a curl of hair. + + [Her golden tresses] in wanton ringlets waved. + + +Milton. + +Ring"man (?), n.; pl. Ringmen (&?;). The ring finger. [Obs.] Ascham + +Ring"mas`ter (?), n. One in charge of the performances (as of horses) +within the ring in a circus. + +Ring"neck` (?), n. 1. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of small +plovers of the genus Ægialitis, having a ring around the neck. The ring +is black in summer, but becomes brown or gray in winter. The +semipalmated plover (Æ. semipalmata) and the piping plover (Æ. meloda) +are common North American species. Called also ring plover, and +ring-necked plover. + +2. (Zoöl.) The ring-necked duck. + +Ring"-necked` (?), a. (Zoöl.) Having a well defined ring of color +around the neck. + +Ring-necked duck (Zool.), an American scaup duck (Aythya collaris). The +head, neck, and breast of the adult male are black, and a narrow, but +conspicuous, red ring encircles the neck. This ring is absent in the +female. Called also ring-neck, ring-necked blackhead, ringbill, tufted +duck, and black jack. + +Ring"sail` (?), n. (Naut.) See Ringtail, 2. + +Ring"straked` (?), a. Ring- streaked. + + Cattle ringstraked, speckled, and spotted. + + +Gen. xxx. 39. + +Ring"-streaked` (?), a. Having circular streaks or lines on the body; +as, ring-streaked goats. + +Ring"tail` (?), n. 1. (Zoöl.) A bird having a distinct band of color +across the tail, as the hen harrier. + +2. (Naut.) A light sail set abaft and beyong the leech of a +boom-and-gaff sail; -- called also ringsail. + +Ringtail boom (Naut.), a spar which is rigged on a boom for setting a +ringtail. + +Ring"-tailed` (?), a. (Zoöl.) Having the tail crossed by conspicuous +bands of color. + +Ring-tailed cat (Zoöl.), the cacomixle. -- Ring-tailed eagle (Zoöl.), a +young golden eagle. + +Ring"toss` (?), n. A game in which the object is to toss a ring so that +it will catch upon an upright stick. + +Ring"worm" (?), n. (Med.) A contagious affection of the skin due to the +presence of a vegetable parasite, and forming ring-shaped discolored +patches covered with vesicles or powdery scales. It occurs either on +the body, the face, or the scalp. Different varieties are distinguished +as Tinea circinata, Tinea tonsurans, etc., but all are caused by the +same parasite (a species of Trichophyton). + +Rink (?), n. [Scot. renk, rink, rynk, a course, a race; probably fr. +AS. hring a ring. See Ring.] 1. The smooth and level extent of ice +marked off for the game of curling. + +2. An artificial sheet of ice, generally under cover, used for skating; +also, a floor prepared for skating on with roller skates, or a building +with such a floor. + +Rink"er, n. One who skates at a rink. [Colloq.] + +Rink"ing, n. Skating in a rink. [Colloq.] + +Rinse (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rinsed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Rinsing.] +[OE., fr. OF. rincer, rimser, reinser, raïncier, F. rincer; of +uncertain origin.] 1. To wash lightly; to cleanse with a second or +repeated application of water after washing. + +2. To cleancse by the introduction of water; - - applied especially to +hollow vessels; as, to rinse a bottle. "Like a glass did break i' the +rinsing." Shak. + +Rinse, n. The act of rinsing. + +Rins"er (?), n. One who, or that which, rinses. + +<! p. 1244 !> + +Ri"ot (?), n. [OF. riote, of uncertain origin; cf. OD. revot, ravot.] +1. Wanton or unrestrained behavior; uproar; tumult. + + His headstrong riot hath no curb. + + +Shak. + +2. Excessive and exxpensive feasting; wild and loose festivity; +revelry. + + Venus loveth riot and dispense. + + +Chaucer. + + The lamb thy riot dooms to bleed to- day. + + +Pope. + +3. (Law) The tumultuous disturbance of the public peace by an unlawful +assembly of three or more persons in the execution of some private +object. + +To run riot, to act wantonly or without restraint. + +Ri"ot (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rioted; p. pr. & vb. n. Rioting.] [OF. +rioter; cf. OD. ravotten.] 1. To engage in riot; to act in an +unrestrained or wanton manner; to indulge in excess of luxury, +feasting, or the like; to revel; to run riot; to go to excess. + + Now he exact of all, wastes in delight, Riots in pleasure, and + neglects the law. + + +Daniel. + + No pulse that riots, and no blood that glows. + + +Pope. + +2. (Law) To disturb the peace; to raise an uproar or sedition. See +Riot, n., 3. Johnson. + +Ri"ot, v. t. To spend or pass in riot. + + [He] had rioted his life out. + + +Tennyson. + +Ri"ot*er (?), n. 1. One who riots; a reveler; a roisterer. Chaucer. + +2. (Law) One who engages in a riot. See Riot, n., 3. + +Ri"ot*ise (?), n. Excess; tumult; revelry. [Obs.] + + His life he led in lawless riotise. + + +Spenser. + +Ri"ot*our (-r), n. A rioter. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Ri"ot*ous (?), a. [OF. rioteux.] 1. Involving, or engaging in, riot; +wanton; unrestrained; luxurious. + + The younger son . . . took his journey into a far country, and + there wasted his substance with riotous living. + + +Luke xv. 13. + +2. Partaking of the nature of an unlawful assembly or its acts; +seditious. + +-- Ri"ot*ous*ly, adv. -- Ri"ot*ous*ness, n. + +Ri"ot*ry (?), n. The act or practice of rioting; riot. "Electioneering +riotry." Walpole. + +Rip (?), n. [Cf. Icel. hrip a box or basket; perhaps akin to E. corb. +Cf. Ripier.] A wicker fish basket. + +Rip, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ripped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ripping.] [Cf. AS. +rpan, also Sw. repa to ripple flax, D. repelen, G. reffen, riffeln, and +E. raff, raffle. Cf. Raff, Ripple of flax.] 1. To divide or separate +the parts of, by cutting or tearing; to tear or cut open or off; to +tear off or out by violence; as, to rip a garment by cutting the +stitches; to rip off the skin of a beast; to rip up a floor; -- +commonly used with up, open, off. + +2. To get by, or as by, cutting or tearing. + + He 'll rip the fatal secret from her heart. + + +Granville. + +3. To tear up for search or disclosure, or for alteration; to search to +the bottom; to discover; to disclose; -- usually with up. + + They ripped up all that had been done from the beginning of the + rebellion. + + +Clarendon. + + For brethern to debate and rip up their falling out in the ear of a + common enemy . . . is neither wise nor comely. + + +Milton. + +4. To saw (wood) lengthwise of the grain or fiber. + +Ripping chisel (Carp.), a crooked chisel for cleaning out mortises. +Knight. -- Ripping iron. (Shipbuilding) Same as Ravehook. -- Ripping +saw. (Carp.) See Ripsaw. -- To rip out, to rap out, to utter hastily +and violently; as, to rip out an oath. [Colloq.] See To rap out, under +Rap, v. t. + +Rip, n. 1. A rent made by ripping, esp. by a seam giving way; a tear; a +place torn; laceration. + +2. [Perh. a corruption of the first syllable of reprobate.] A term +applied to a mean, worthless thing or person, as to a scamp, a +debauchee, or a prostitute, or a worn-out horse. [Slang.] + +3. A body of water made rough by the meeting of opposing tides or +currents. + +Ri*pa"ri*an (?), a. [L. riparius, fr. ripa a bank. See River, and cf. +Arrive.] Of or pertaining to the bank of a river; as, riparian rights. + +Ri*pa"ri*ous (?), a. [L. riparius.] Growing along the banks of rivers; +riparian. + +Ripe (rp), n. [L. ripa.] The bank of a river. [Obs.] + +Ripe (rp), a. [Compar. Riper (-r); superl. Ripest.] [AS. rpe; akin to +OS. rpi, D. rijp, G. rief, OHG. rft; cf. AS. rp harvest, rpan to reap. +Cf. Reap.] 1. Ready for reaping or gathering; having attained +perfection; mature; -- said of fruits, seeds, etc.; as, ripe grain. + + So mayst thou live, till, like ripe fruit, thou drop Into thy + mother's lap. + + +Milton. + +2. Advanced to the state of fitness for use; mellow; as, ripe cheese; +ripe wine. + +3. Having attained its full development; mature; perfected; consummate. +"Ripe courage." Chaucer. + + He was a scholar, and a ripe and good one. + + +Shak. + +4. Maturated or suppurated; ready to discharge; -- said of sores, +tumors, etc. + +5. Ready for action or effect; prepared. + + While things were just ripe for a war. + + +Addison. + + I am not ripe to pass sentence on the gravest public bodies. + + +Burke. + +6. Like ripened fruit in ruddiness and plumpness. + + Those happy smilets, That played on her ripe lip. + + +Shak. + +7. Intoxicated. [Obs.] "Reeling ripe." Shak. + +Syn. -- Mature; complete; finished. See Mature. + +Ripe, v. i. [AS. rpian.] To ripen; to grow ripe. [Obs.] + +Ripe, v. t. To mature; to ripen. [Obs.] Shak. + +Ripe"ly, adv. Maturely; at the fit time. Shak. + +Rip"en (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ripened (?);p. pr. & vb. n. Ripening.] +1. To grow ripe; to become mature, as grain, fruit, flowers, and the +like; as, grapes ripen in the sun. + +2. To approach or come to perfection. + +Rip"en, v. t. 1. To cause to mature; to make ripe; as, the warm days +ripened the corn. + +2. To mature; to fit or prepare; to bring to perfection; as, to ripen +the judgment. + + When faith and love, which parted from thee never, Had ripined thy + iust soul to dwell with God. + + +Milton. + +Ripe"ness (?), n. [AS. rpness.] The state or quality of being ripe; +maturity;; completeness; perfection; as, the ripeness of grain; +ripeness of manhood; ripeness of judgment. + + Time, which made them their fame outlive, To Cowley scarce did + ripeness give. + + +Denham. + +Ri*pid"o*lite (?), n. [Gr. &?;&?;&?;. &?;&?;&?;. fan + -lite.] (Min.) A +translucent mineral of a green color and micaceous structure, belonging +to the chlorite group; a hydrous silicate of alumina, magnesia, and +iron; -- called also clinochlore. + +Ri*pi*e"nist (?), n. (Mus.) A player in the ripieno portion of an +orchestra. See Ripieno. + +||Ri*pi*e"no (?), a. [It.] (Mus.) Filling up; supplementary; +||supernumerary; -- a term applied to those instruments which only +||swell the mass or tutti of an orchestra, but are not obbligato. + +{ Rip"ler (?), Rip"per (?), } n. [Cf. Rip a basket, or Riparian.] (O.E. +Law) One who brings fish from the seacoast to markets in inland towns. +[Obs.] + + But what's the action we are for now ? Robbing a ripper of his + fish. + + +Beau. & Fl. + +Ri*post" (?), n. [F. riposte.] 1. In fencing, a return thrust after a +parry. + +2. A quick and sharp refort; a repartee. J. Morley. + +Rip"per (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, rips; a ripping tool. + +2. A tool for trimming the edges of roofing slates. + +3. Anything huge, extreme, startling, etc. [Slang.] + +Rip"ple (?), n. [FRom Rip, v.] An implement, with teeth like those of a +comb, for removing the seeds and seed vessels from flax, broom corn, +etc. + +Rip"ple, v. t. 1. To remove the seeds from (the stalks of flax, etc.), +by means of a ripple. + +2. Hence, to scratch or tear. Holland. + +Rip"ple, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rippled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Rippling +(?).] [Cf. Rimple, Rumple.] 1. To become fretted or dimpled on the +surface, as water when agitated or running over a rough bottom; to be +covered with small waves or undulations, as a field of grain. + +2. To make a sound as of water running gently over a rough bottom, or +the breaking of ripples on the shore. + +Rip"ple, v. t. To fret or dimple, as the surface of running water; to +cover with small waves or undulations; as, the breeze rippled the lake. + +Rip"ple, n. 1. The fretting or dimpling of the surface, as of running +water; little curling waves. + +2. A little wave or undulation; a sound such as is made by little +waves; as, a ripple of laughter. + +3. (physics) a small wave on the surface of water or other liquids for +which the driving force is not gravity, but surface tension. + +4. (Electrical engineering) the residual AC component in the DC current +output from a rectifier, expressed as a percentage of the steady +component of the current. + +Ripple grass. (Bot.) See Ribwort. -- Ripple marks, a system of parallel +ridges on sand, produced by wind, by the current of a steam, or by the +agitation of wind waves; also (Geol.), a system of parallel ridges on +the surface of a sandstone stratum. + +Rip"ple-marked` (?), a. Having ripple marks. + +Rip"plet (?), n. A small ripple. + +Rip"pling*ly (?), adv. In a rippling manner. + +Rip"ply (?), a. Having ripples; as, ripply water; hence, resembling the +sound of rippling water; as, ripply laughter; a ripply cove. Keats. + +Rip"rap` (?), n. [Cf. Rap.] (Masonry) A foundation or sustaining wall +of stones thrown together without order, as in deep water or on a soft +bottom. + +Rip"rap`, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Riprapped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Riprapping.] To form a riprap in or upon. + +Rip"saw` (?), [See Rip, v. t., 4.] (Carp.) A handsaw with coarse teeth +which have but a slight set, used for cutting wood in the direction of +the fiber; -- called also ripping saw. + +Rip"tow*el (?), n. [AS. rp. harvest + a word of uncertain etymology.] +(Feud. Law) A gratuity given to tenants after they had reaped their +lord's corn. [Obs.] + +Ris (?), n. [AS. hrs; akin to D. rils, G. reis, OHG. hrs.] A bough or +branch; a twig. [Obs.] + + As white as is the blossom upon the ris. + + +Chaucer. + +Rise (?), v. i. [imp. Rose (?); p. p. Risen (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Rising.] [AS. rsan; akin to OS. rsan, D. rijzen, OHG. rsan to rise, +fall, Icel. rsa, Goth. urreisan, G. reise journey. CF. Arise, Raise, +Rear, v.] 1. To move from a lower position to a higher; to ascend; to +mount up. Specifically: -- (a) To go upward by walking, climbing, +flying, or any other voluntary motion; as, a bird rises in the air; a +fish rises to the bait. + +(b) To ascend or float in a fluid, as gases or vapors in air, cork in +water, and the like. + +(c) To move upward under the influence of a projecting force; as, a +bullet rises in the air. + +(d) To grow upward; to attain a certain height; as, this elm rises to +the height of seventy feet. + +(e) To reach a higher level by increase of quantity or bulk; to swell; +as, a river rises in its bed; the mercury rises in the thermometer. + +(f) To become erect; to assume an upright position; as, to rise from a +chair or from a fall. + +(g) To leave one's bed; to arise; as, to rise early. + + He that would thrive, must rise by five. + + +Old Proverb. + +(h) To tower up; to be heaved up; as, the Alps rise far above the sea. + +(i) To slope upward; as, a path, a line, or surface rises in this +direction. "A rising ground." Dryden. + +(j) To retire; to give up a siege. + + He, rising with small honor from Gunza, . . . was gone. + + +Knolles. + +(k) To swell or puff up in the process of fermentation; to become +light, as dough, and the like. + +2. To have the aspect or the effect of rising. Specifically: -- + +(a) To appear above the horizont, as the sun, moon, stars, and the +like. "He maketh his sun to rise on the evil and the good." Matt. v. +45. + +(b) To become apparent; to emerge into sight; to come forth; to appear; +as, an eruption rises on the skin; the land rises to view to one +sailing toward the shore. + +(c) To become perceptible to other senses than sight; as, a noise rose +on the air; odor rises from the flower. + +(d) To have a beginning; to proceed; to originate; as, rivers rise in +lakes or springs. + + A scepter shall rise out of Israel. + + +Num. xxiv. 17. + + Honor and shame from no condition rise. + + +Pope. + +3. To increase in size, force, or value; to proceed toward a climax. +Specifically: -- + +(a) To increase in power or fury; -- said of wind or a storm, and +hence, of passion. "High winde . . . began to rise, high passions -- +anger, hate." Milton. + +(b) To become of higher value; to increase in price. + + Bullion is risen to six shillings . . . the ounce. + + +Locke. + +(c) To become larger; to swell; -- said of a boil, tumor, and the like. + +(d) To increase in intensity; -- said of heat. + +(e) To become louder, or higher in pitch, as the voice. + +(f) To increase in amount; to enlarge; as, his expenses rose beyond his +expectations. + +4. In various figurative senses. Specifically: -- + +(a) To become excited, opposed, or hostile; to go to war; to take up +arms; to rebel. + + At our heels all hell should rise With blackest insurrection. + + +Milton. + + No more shall nation against nation rise. + + +Pope. + +(b) To attain to a better social position; to be promoted; to excel; to +succeed. + + Some rise by sin, and some by virtue fall. + + +Shak. + +(c) To become more and more dignified or forcible; to increase in +interest or power; -- said of style, thought, or discourse; as, to rise +in force of expression; to rise in eloquence; a story rises in +interest. + +(d) To come to mind; to be suggested; to occur. + + A thought rose in me, which often perplexes men of contemplative + natures. + + +Spectator. + +(e) To come; to offer itself. + + There chanced to the prince's hand to rise An ancient book. + + +Spenser. + +5. To ascend from the grave; to come to life. + + But now is Christ risen from the dead. + + +1. Cor. xv. 20. + +6. To terminate an official sitting; to adjourn; as, the committee rose +after agreeing to the report. + + It was near nine . . . before the House rose. + + +Macaulay. + +7. To ascend on a musical scale; to take a higher pith; as, to rise a +tone or semitone. + +8. (Print.) To be lifted, or to admit of being lifted, from the +imposing stone without dropping any of the type; -- said of a form. + +Syn. -- To arise; mount; ascend; climb; scale. -- Rise, Appreciate. +Some in America use the word appreciate for "rise in value;" as, stocks +appreciate, money appreciates, etc. This use is not unknown in England, +but it is less common there. It is undesirable, because rise +sufficiently expresses the idea, and appreciate has its own distinctive +meaning, which ought not to be confused with one so entirely different. + +Rise (?), n. 1. The act of rising, or the state of being risen. + +2. The distance through which anything rises; as, the rise of the +thermometer was ten degrees; the rise of the river was six feet; the +rise of an arch or of a step. + +3. Land which is somewhat higher than the rest; as, the house stood on +a rise of land. [Colloq.] + +4. Spring; source; origin; as, the rise of a stream. + + All wickednes taketh its rise from the heart. + + +R. Nelson. + +5. Appearance above the horizon; as, the rise of the sun or of a +planet. Shak. + +6. Increase; advance; augmentation, as of price, value, rank, property, +fame, and the like. + + The rise or fall that may happen in his constant revenue by a + Spanish war. + + +Sir W. Temple. + +7. Increase of sound; a swelling of the voice. + + The ordinary rises and falls of the voice. + + +Bacon. + +8. Elevation or ascent of the voice; upward change of key; as, a rise +of a tone or semitone. + +9. The spring of a fish to seize food (as a fly) near the surface of +the water. + +Ris"en (?). 1. p. p. & a. from Rise. "Her risen Son and Lord." Keble. + +2. Obs. imp. pl. of Rise. Chaucer. + +Ris"er (?), n. 1. One who rises; as, an early riser. + +2. (Arch.) (a) The upright piece of a step, from tread to tread. Hence: +(b) Any small upright face, as of a seat, platform, veranda, or the +like. + +3. (Mining) A shaft excavated from below upward. + +4. (Founding) A feed head. See under Feed, n. + +Rish (?), n. A rush (the plant). [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Ris`i*bil"i*ty (?), n. [CF. F. risibilité.] The quality of being +risible; as, risibility is peculiar to the human species. + + A strong and obvious disposition to risibility. + + +Sir W. Scott. + +Ris"i*ble (?), a. [F., fr. L. risibilis, fr. ridere, risum, to laugh. +Cf. Ridiculous.] 1. Having the faculty or power of laughing; disposed +to laugh. + + Laughing is our busines, . . . it has been made the definition of + man that he is risible. + + +Dr. H. More. + +2. Exciting laughter; worthy to be laughed at; amusing. "Risible +absurdities." Johnson. + + I hope you find nothing risible in my complaisance. + + +Sir W. Scott. + +3. Used in, or expressing, laughter; as, risible muscles. + +Risible is sometimes used as a noun, in the plural, for the feeling of +amusement and for the muscles and other organs used in laughing, +collectively; as, unable to control one's risibles. + +Syn. -- Ludicrous; laughable; amusing; ridiculous -- Risible, +Ludicrous, Ridiculous. Risible differs from ludicrous as species from +genus; ludicrous expressing that which is playful and sportive; +risible, that which may excite laughter. Risible differs from +ridiculous, as the latter implies something contemptuous, and risible +does not. + +<! p. 1245 !> + +--Ris"i*ble*ness(#), n. -- Ris"i*bly, adv. + +Ris"ing (?), a. 1. Attaining a higher place; taking, or moving in, an +upward direction; appearing above the horizon; ascending; as, the +rising moon. + +2. Increasing in wealth, power, or distinction; as, a rising state; a +rising character. + + Among the rising theologians of Germany. + + +Hare. + +3. Growing; advancing to adult years and to the state of active life; +as, the rising generation. + +Ris"ing, prep. More than; exceeding; upwards of; as, a horse rising six +years of age. [Colloq. & Low, U.S.] + +Ris"ing, n. 1. The act of one who, or that which, rises (in any sense). + +2. That which rises; a tumor; a boil. Lev. xiii. 10. + +Rising main (Waterworks), the pipe through which water from an engine +is delivered to an elevated reservoir. + +Risk (?), n. [F. risque; cf. It. risco, risico, rischio, Pg. risco, Sp. +riesgo, and also Sp. risco a steep rock; all probably fr. L. resceare +to cut off; pref. re- re- + secare to cut; -- the word having been +probably first used among sailors. See Section.] 1. Hazard; danger; +peril; exposure to loss, injury, or destruction. + + The imminent and constant risk of assassination, a risk which has + shaken very strong nerves. + + +Macaulay. + +2. (Com.) Hazard of loss; liabillity to loss in property. + +To run a risk, to incur hazard; to encounter danger. + +Syn. -- Danger; hazard; peril; jeopardy; exposure. See Danger. + +Risk, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Risked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Risking.] [CF. F. +risquer. See Risk, n.] 1. To expose to risk, hazard, or peril; to +venture; as, to risk goods on board of a ship; to risk one's person in +battle; to risk one's fame by a publication. + +2. To incur the risk or danger of; as, to risk a battle. + +Syn. -- To hazard; peril; endanger; jeopard. + +Risk"er (?), n. One who risks or hazards. Hudibras. + +Risk"ful (?), a. Risky. [R.] Geddes. + +Risk"y (?), a. Attended with risk or danger; hazardous. "A risky +matter." W. Collins. + + Generalization are always risky. + + +Lowell. + +Ri*so"ri*al (?), a.[L. ridere, risum, to laugh.] Pertaining to, or +producing, laughter; as, the risorial muscles. + +||Ri*sot"to (?), n. [It.] A kind of pottage. + +Risse (?), obs. imp. of Rise. B. Jonson. + +Ris"soid (?), n. [NL. Rissoa, the typical genus ( fr. A. Risso, an +Italian naturalist) + - oid.] (Zoöl.) Any one of very numerous species +of small spiral gastropods of the genus Rissoa, or family Rissoidæ, +found both in fresh and salt water. + +||Ris`sole" (?), n. [F., fr. rissoler to fry meat till it is brown.] +||(Cookery) A small ball of rich minced meat or fish, covered with +||pastry and fried. + +Rist (?), obs. 3d pers. sing. pres. of Rise, contracted from riseth. +Chaucer. + +Rit (?), obs. 3d pers. sing. pres. of Ride, contracted from rideth. +Chaucer. + +||Ri`tar*dan"do (?), a. [It.] (Mus.) Retarding; -- a direction for +||slower time; rallentado. + +Rite (?), n. [L. ritus; cf. Skr. rti a stream, a running, way, manner, +ri to flow: cf. F. rit, rite. CF. Rivulet.] The act of performing +divine or solemn service, as established by law, precept, or custom; a +formal act of religion or other solemn duty; a solemn observance; a +ceremony; as, the rites of freemasonry. + + He looked with indifference on rites, names, and forms of + ecclesiastical polity. + + +Macaulay. + +Syn. -- Form; ceremony; observance; ordinance. + +||Ri`te*nu"to (?), a. [It.] (Mus.) Held back; holding back; ritardando. + +{ Rit`or*nelle" (?), ||Ri`tor*nel"lo (?), } n. [It. ritornello, dim. of +ritorno return, fr. ritornare to return: cf. F. ritournelle.] (Mus.) +(a) A short return or repetition; a concluding symphony to an air, +often consisting of the burden of the song. (a) A short intermediate +symphony, or instrumental passage, in the course of a vocal piece; an +interlude. + +||Ri*trat"to (?), n.[It.] A picture. Sterne. + +Rit"u*al (?), a.[L. ritualis, fr. ritus a rite: cf. F. rituel.] Of or +pertaining to rites or ritual; as, ritual service or sacrifices; the +ritual law. + +Rit"u*al, n. [Cf. F. rituel.] 1. A prescribed form of performing divine +service in a particular church or communion; as, the Jewish ritual. + +2. Hence, the code of ceremonies observed by an organization; as, the +ritual of the freemasons. + +3. A book containing the rites to be observed. + +Rit"u*al*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. ritualisme.] 1. A system founded upon a +ritual or prescribed form of religious worship; adherence to, or +observance of, a ritual. + +2. Specifically :(a) The principles and practices of those in the +Church of England, who in the development of the Oxford movement, +so-called, have insisted upon a return to the use in church services of +the symbolic ornaments (altar cloths, encharistic vestments, candles, +etc.) that were sanctioned in the second year of Edward VI., and never, +as they maintain, forbidden by competennt authority, although generally +disused. Schaff-Herzog Encyc. (b) Also, the principles and practices of +those in the Protestant Episcopal Church who sympathize with this party +in the Church of England. + +Rit"u*al*ist (?), n. [CF. F. ritualiste.] One skilled un, or attached +to, a ritual; one who advocates or practices ritualism. + +Rit`u*al*is"tic (?), a. Pertaining to, or in accordance with, a ritual; +adhering to ritualism. + +Rit"u*al*ly, adv. By rites, or by a particular rite. + +Riv"age (?), n. [F., fr. L. ripa bank, shore.] 1. A bank, shore, or +coast. [Archaic] Spenser. + + From the green rivage many a fall Of diamond rillets musical. + + +Tennyson. + +2. (O.Eng.Law) A duty paid to the crown for the passage of vessels on +certain rivers. + +Ri"val (?), n. [F. rival (cf. It. rivale), L. rivales two neigbors +having the same brook in common, rivals, fr. rivalis belonging to a +brook, fr. rivus a brook. Cf. Rivulet, Rete.] 1. A person having a +common right or privilege with another; a partner. [Obs.] + + If you do meet Horatio and Marcellus, The rivals of my watch, bid + them make haste. + + +Shak. + +2. One who is in pursuit of the same object as another; one striving to +reach or obtain something which another is attempting to obtain, and +which one only can posses; a competitor; as, rivals in love; rivals for +a crown. + +"Rivals, in the primary sense of the word, are those who dwell on the +banks of the same stream. But since, as all experience shows, there is +no such fruitful source of coutention as a water right, it would +continually happen that these occupants of the opposite banks would be +at strife with one another in regard of the periods during which they +severally had a right to the use of the stream . . . And thus 'rivals' +. . . came to be used of any who were on any grounds in more or less +unfriendly competition with one another." Trench. + +Syn. -- Competitor; emulator; antagonist. + +Ri"val, a. Having the same pretensions or claims; standing in +competition for superiority; as, rival lovers; rival claims or +pretensions. + + The strenuous conflicts and alternate victories of two rival + confederacies of statesmen. + + +Macaulay. + +Ri"val, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rivaled (?) or Rivalled; p. pr. & vb. n. +Rivaling or Rivalling.] 1. To stand in competition with; to strive to +gain some object in opposition to; as, to rival one in love. + +2. To strive to equal or exel; to emulate. + + To rival thunder in its rapid course. + + +Dryden. + +Ri"val, v. i. To be in rivalry. [Obs.] Shak. + +Ri"val*ess, n. A female rival. [Obs.] Richardson. + +Ri*val"i*ty (?), n. [L. rivalitas: cf. F. rivalité.] 1. Rivalry; +competition. [Obs.] + +2. Equality, as of right or rank. [Obs.] hak. + +Ri"val*ry (?), n.; pl. Rivalries (&?;). The act of rivaling, or the +state of being a rival; a competition. "Keen contention and eager +rivalries." Jeffrey. + +Syn. -- Emulation; competition. See Emulation. + +Ri"val*ship, n. Rivalry. [R.] B. Jonson. + +Rive (?), v. t. [imp. Rived (?); p. p. Rived or Riven (&?;); p. pr. & +vb. n. Riving.] [Icel. rfa, akin to Sw. rifva to pull asunder, burst, +tear, Dan. rive to rake, pluck, tear. Cf. Reef of land, Rifle a gun, +Rift, Rivel.] To rend asunder by force; to split; to cleave; as, to +rive timber for rails or shingles. + + I shall ryve him through the sides twain. + + +Chaucer. + + The scolding winds have rived the knotty oaks. + + +Shak. + + Brutus hath rived my heart. + + +Shak. + +Rive, v. i. To be split or rent asunder. + + Freestone rives, splits, and breaks in any direction. + + +Woodward. + +Rive, n. A place torn; a rent; a rift. [Prov. Eng.] + +Riv"el (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Riveled (?);p. pr. & vb. n. Riveling.] +[AS. gerifled, geriflod, gerifod, wrinkled, geriflian, gerifian, to +wrinkle. See Rifle a gun, Rive.] To contract into wrinkles; to shrivel; +to shrink; as, riveled fruit; riveled flowers. [Obs.] Pope. "Riveled +parchments." Walpole. + +Riv"el, n. A wrinkle; a rimple. [Obs.] Holland. + +Riv"en (?), p. p. & a. from Rive. + +Riv"er (?), n. One who rives or splits. + +Riv"er (?), n. [F. rivère a river, LL. riparia river, bank of a river, +fr. L. riparius belonging to a bank or shore, fr. ripa a bank or shore; +of uncertain origin. Cf. Arrive, Riparian.] 1. A large stream of water +flowing in a bed or channel and emptying into the ocean, a sea, a lake, +or another stream; a stream larger than a rivulet or brook. + + Transparent and sparkling rivers, from which it is delightful to + drink as they flow. + + +Macaulay. + +2. Fig.: A large stream; copious flow; abundance; as, rivers of blood; +rivers of oil. + +River chub (Zoöl.), the hornyhead and allied species of fresh-water +fishes. -- River crab (Zoöl.), any species of fresh-water crabs of the +genus Thelphusa, as T. depressa of Southern Europe. -- River dragon, a +crocodile; -- applied by Milton to the king of Egypt. -- River driver, +a lumberman who drives or conducts logs down rivers. Bartlett. -- River +duck (Zoöl.), any species of duck belonging to Anas, Spatula, and +allied genera, in which the hind toe is destitute of a membranous lobe, +as in the mallard and pintail; -- opposed to sea duck. -- River god, a +deity supposed to preside over a river as its tutelary divinity. -- +River herring (Zoöl.), an alewife. -- River hog. (Zoöl.) (a) Any +species of African wild hogs of the genus Potamochœrus. They frequent +wet places along the rivers. (b) The capybara. -- River horse (Zoöl.), +the hippopotamus. -- River jack (Zoöl.), an African puff adder (Clotho +nasicornis) having a spine on the nose. -- River limpet (Zoöl.), a +fresh-water, air-breathing mollusk of the genus Ancylus, having a +limpet-shaped shell. -- River pirate (Zoöl.), the pike. -- River snail +(Zoöl.), any species of fresh-water gastropods of Paludina, Melontho, +and allied genera. See Pond snail, under Pond. -- River tortoise +(Zoöl.), any one of numerous fresh-water tortoises inhabiting rivers, +especially those of the genus Trionyx and allied genera. See Trionyx. + +Riv"er (?), v. i. To hawk by the side of a river; to fly hawks at river +fowl. [Obs.] Halliwell. + +Riv"ered (?), a. Supplied with rivers; as, a well rivered country. + +Riv"er*et (?), n. A rivulet. [Obs.] Drayton. + +Riv"er*hood (?), n. The quality or state of being a river. "Useful +riverhood." H. Miller. + +Riv"er*ling (?), n. A rivulet. [R.] Sylvester. + +Riv"er*side` (?), n. The side or bank of a river. + +Riv"er*y (?), a. Having rivers; as, a rivery country. Drayton. + +Riv"et (?), n. [F., fr. river to rivet; perh. fr. Icel. rifa to fasten +together. Cf. Reef part of a sail.] A metallic pin with a head, used +for uniting two plates or pieces of material together, by passing it +through them and then beating or pressing down the point so that it +shall spread out and form a second head; a pin or bolt headed or +clinched at both ends. + + With busy hammers closing rivets up. + + +Shak. + +Rivet joint, or Riveted joint, a joint between two or more pieces +secured by rivets. + +Riv"et, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Riveted; p. pr. & vb. n. Riveting.] 1. To +fasten with a rivet, or with rivets; as, to rivet two pieces of iron. + +2. To spread out the end or point of, as of a metallic pin, rod, or +bolt, by beating or pressing, so as to form a sort of head. + +3. Hence, to fasten firmly; to make firm, strong, or immovable; as, to +rivet friendship or affection. + + Rivet and nail me where I stand, ye powers! + + +Congreve. + + Thus his confidence was riveted and confirmed. + + +Sir W. Scott. + +Riv"et*er (?), n. One who rivets. + +Riv"et*ing, n. 1. The act of joining with rivets; the act of spreading +out and clinching the end, as of a rivet, by beating or pressing. + +2. The whole set of rivets, collectively. Tomlinsin. + +Butt riveting, riveting in which the ends or edges of plates form a +butt joint, and are fastened together by being riveted to a narrow +strip which covers the joint. -- Chain riveting, riveting in which the +rivets, in two or more rows along the seam, are set one behind the +other. -- Crossed riveting, riveting in which the rivets in one row are +set opposite the spaces between the rivets in the next row. -- Double +riveting, in lap riveting, two rows of rivets along the seam; in butt +riveting, four rows, two on each side of the joint. -- Lap riveting, +riveting in which the ends or edges of plates overlap and are riveted +together. + +Ri*vose" (?), a. [From L. rivus a brook, channel.] Marked with sinuate +and irregular furrows. + +Riv"u*let (?), n. [Earlier rivolet, It. rivoletto, a dim. fr. rivolo, +L. rivulus, dim. of rivus a brook. CF. Rival, Rite.] A small stream or +brook; a streamlet. + + By fountain or by shady rivulet He sought them. + + +Milton. + +Rix*a"tion (?), n. [L. rixari, p. p. rixatus, to brawl, fr. rixa a +quarrel.] A brawl or quarrel. [Obs.] + +||Rix*a"trix (?), n. [L.] (Old Eng. Law) A scolding or quarrelsome +||woman; a scold. Burrill. + +||Rix"da`ler (?), n. A Dutch silver coin, worth about $1.00. + +Rix"-dol`lar (?), n. [Sw. riksdaler, or Dan. rigsdaler, or D. +rijksdaalder, or G. reichsthaler, literally, dollar of the empire or +realm, fr. words akin to E. rich, and dollar. See Rich, Dollar.] A name +given to several different silver coins of Denmark, Holland, Sweden,, +NOrway, etc., varying in value from about 30 cents to $1.10; also, a +British coin worth about 36 cents, used in Ceylon and at the Cape of +Good Hope. See Rigsdaler, Riksdaler, and Rixdaler. + +Most of these pieces are now no longer coined, but some remain in +circulation. + +Riz"zar (?), v. t. [Etymol. uncertain.] To dry in the sun; as, rizzared +haddock. [Scot.] + +Roach (?), n. (Zoöl.) A cockroach. + +Roach, n. [OE. rroche; cf. AS. reohha, D. rog, roch, G. roche, LG. +ruche, Dan. rokke ray, Sw. rocka, and E. ray a fish.] 1. (Zoöl.) (a) A +European fresh-water fish of the Carp family (Leuciscus rutilus). It is +silver-white, with a greenish back. (b) An American chub (Semotilus +bullaris); the fallfish. (c) The redfin, or shiner. + +2. (Naut.) A convex curve or arch cut in the edge of a sail to prevent +chafing, or to secure a better fit. + +As sound as a roach [roach perhaps being a corruption of a F. roche a +rock], perfectly sound. + +Roach, v. t. 1. To cause to arch. + +2. To cut off, as a horse's mane, so that the part left shall stand +upright. + +Roach"-backed` (?), a. Having a back like that of roach; -- said of a +horse whose back a convex instead of a concave curve. + +Road (?), n. [AS. rd a riding, that on which one rides or travels, a +road, fr. rdan to ride. See Ride, and cf. Raid.] 1. A journey, or stage +of a journey. [Obs.] + + With easy roads he came to Leicester. + + +Shak. + +2. An inroad; an invasion; a raid. [Obs.] Spenser. + +3. A place where one may ride; an open way or public passage for +vehicles, persons, and animals; a track for travel, forming a means of +communication between one city, town, or place, and another. + + The most villainous house in all the London road. + + +Shak. + +The word is generally applied to highways, and as a generic term it +includes highway, street, and lane. + +4. [Possibly akin to Icel. reiði the rigging of a ship, E. ready.] A +place where ships may ride at anchor at some distance from the shore; a +roadstead; -- often in the plural; as, Hampton Roads. Shak. + +<! p. 1246 !> + + Now strike your saile, ye jolly mariners, For we be come unto a + quiet rode [road]. + + +Spenser. + +On, or Upon, the road, traveling or passing over a road; coming or +going; on the way. + + My hat and wig will soon be here, They are upon the road. + + +Cowper. + +-- Road agent, a highwayman, especially on the stage routes of the +unsettled western parts of the United States; -- a humorous euphemism. +[Western U.S.] + + The highway robber -- road agent he is quaintly called. + + +The century. + +-- Road book, a guidebook in respect to roads and distances. -- Road +metal, the broken, stone used in macadamizing roads. -- Road roller, a +heavy roller, or combinations of rollers, for making earth, macadam, or +concrete roads smooth and compact. -- often driven by steam. -- Road +runner (Zoöl.), the chaparral cock. -- Road steamer, a locomotive +engine adapted to running on common roads. -- To go on the road, to +engage in the business of a commercial traveler. [Colloq.] -- To take +the road, to begin or engage in traveling. -- To take to the road, to +engage in robbery upon the highways. + +Syn. -- Way; highway; street; lane; pathway; route; passage; course. +See Way. + +Road"bed` (?), n. In railroads, the bed or foundation on which the +superstructure (ties, rails, etc.) rests; in common roads, the whole +material laid in place and ready for travel. + +Road"less, a. Destitute of roads. + +Road"mak`er (?), n. One who makes roads. + +Road"side`, n. Land adjoining a road or highway; the part of a road or +highway that borders the traveled part. Also used ajectively. + +Road"stead (?), n. [Road, 4 + stead a place.] An anchorage off shore. +Same as Road, 4. + + Moored in the neighboring roadstead. + + +Longfellow. + +Road"ster (?), n. 1. (Naut.) A clumsy vessel that works its way from +one anchorage to another by means of the tides. Ham. Nav. Encyc. + +2. A horse that is accustomed to traveling on the high road, or is +suitable for use on ordinary roads. + + A sound, swift, well-fed hunter and roadster. + + +Thackeray. + +3. A bicycle or tricycle adapted for common roads rather than for the +racing track. + +4. One who drives much; a coach driver. [Eng.] + +5. A hunter who keeps to the roads instead of following the hounds +across country. [Eng. Slang.] + +Road"way` (?), n. A road; especially, the part traveled by carriages. +Shak. + +Roam (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Roamed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Roaming.] +[OE. romen, ramen; cf. AS. r&?;man to raise, rise, D. ramen to hit, +plan, aim, OS. r&?;m&?;n to strive after, OHG. rmen. But the word was +probably influenced by Rome; cf. OF. romier a pilgrim, originally, a +pilgrim going to Rome, It. romeo, Sp. romero. Cf. Ramble.] To go from +place to place without any certain purpose or direction; to rove; to +wander. + + He roameth to the carpenter's house. + + +Chaucer. + + Daphne roaming through a thorny wood. + + +Shak. + +Syn. -- To wander; rove; range; stroll; ramble. + +Roam, v. t. To range or wander over. + + And now wild beasts came forth the woods to roam. + + +Milton. + +Roam, n. The act of roaming; a wandering; a ramble; as, he began his +roam o'er hill amd dale. Milton. + +Roam"er (?), n. One who roams; a wanderer. + +Roan (?), a. [F. rouan; cf. Sp. roano, ruano, It. rovano, roano.] 1. +Having a bay, chestnut, brown, or black color, with gray or white +thickly interspersed; -- said of a horse. + + Give my roan a drench. + + +Shak. + +2. Made of the leather called roan; as, roan binding. + +Roan antelope (Zoöl.), a very large South African antelope (Hippotragus +equinus). It has long sharp horns and a stiff bright brown mane. Called +also mahnya, equine antelope, and bastard gemsbok. + +Roan, n. 1. The color of a roan horse; a roan color. + +2. A roan horse. + +3. A kind of leather used for slippers, bookbinding, etc., made from +sheepskin, tanned with sumac and colored to imitate ungrained morocco. +DeColange. + +Roan tree. (Bot.) See Rowan tree. + +Roar (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Roared (?); p. pr. & vvb. n. Roaring.] +[OE. roren, raren, AS. rrian; akin to G. röhten, OHG. r&?;r&?;n. +√112.] 1. To cry with a full, loud, continued sound. +Specifically: (a) To bellow, or utter a deep, loud cry, as a lion or +other beast. + + Roaring bulls he would him make to tame. + + +Spenser. + +(b) To cry loudly, as in pain, distress, or anger. + + Sole on the barren sands, the suffering chief Roared out for + anguish, and indulged his grief. + + +Dryden. + + He scorned to roar under the impressions of a finite anger. + + +South. + +2. To make a loud, confused sound, as winds, waves, passing vehicles, a +crowd of persons when shouting together, or the like. + + The brazen throat of war had ceased to roar. + + +Milton. + + How oft I crossed where carts and coaches roar. + + +Gay. + +3. To be boisterous; to be disorderly. + + It was a mad, roaring time, full of extravagance. + + +Bp. Burnet. + +4. To laugh out loudly and continuously; as, the hearers roared at his +jokes. + +5. To make a loud noise in breathing, as horses having a certain +disease. See Roaring, 2. + +Roaring boy, a roaring, noisy fellow; -- name given, at the latter end +Queen Elizabeth's reign, to the riotous fellows who raised disturbances +in the street. "Two roaring boys of Rome, that made all split." Beau. & +Fl. -- Roaring forties (Naut.), a sailor's name for the stormy tract of +ocean between 40° and 50° north latitude. + +Roar, v. t. To cry aloud; to proclaim loudly. + + This last action will roar thy infamy. + + +Ford. + +Roar (?), n. The sound of roaring. Specifically: (a) The deep, loud cry +of a wild beast; as, the roar of a lion. (b) The cry of one in pain, +distress, anger, or the like. (c) A loud, continuous, and confused +sound; as, the roar of a cannon, of the wind, or the waves; the roar of +ocean. + + Arm! arm! it is, it is the cannon's opening roar! + + +Byron. + +(d) A boisterous outcry or shouting, as in mirth. + + Pit, boxes, and galleries were in a constant roar of laughter. + + +Macaulay. + +Roar"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, roars. Specifically: (a) A +riotous fellow; a roaring boy. + + A lady to turn roarer, and break glasses. + + +Massinger. + +(b) (Far.) A horse subject to roaring. See Roaring, 2. + +2. (Zoöl.) The barn owl. [Prov. Eng.] + +Roar"ing, n. 1. A loud, deep, prolonged sound, as of a large beast, or +of a person in distress, anger, mirth, etc., or of a noisy +congregation. + +2. (Far.) An affection of the windpipe of a horse, causing a loud, +peculiar noise in breathing under exertion; the making of the noise so +caused. See Roar, v. i., 5. + +Roar"ing*ly, adv. In a roaring manner. + +Roast (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Roasted; p. pr. & vb. n. Roasting.] [OE. +rosten, OF. rostir, F. rôtir; of German origin; cf. OHG. rsten, G. +rösten, fr. OHG. rst, rsta, gridiron, G. rost; cf. AS. hyrstan to +roast.] 1. To cook by exposure to radiant heat before a fire; as, to +roast meat on a spit, or in an oven open toward the fire and having +reflecting surfaces within; also, to cook in a close oven. + +2. To cook by surrounding with hot embers, ashes, sand, etc.; as, to +roast a potato in ashes. + + In eggs boiled and roasted there is scarce difference to be + discerned. + + +BAcon. + +3. To dry and parch by exposure to heat; as, to roast coffee; to roast +chestnuts, or peanuts. + +4. Hence, to heat to excess; to heat violently; to burn. "Roasted in +wrath and fire." Shak. + +5. (Metal.) To dissipate by heat the volatile parts of, as ores. + +6. To banter severely. [Colloq.] Atterbury. + +Roast, v. i. 1. To cook meat, fish, etc., by heat, as before the fire +or in an oven. + + He could roast, and seethe, and broil, and fry. + + +Chaucer. + +2. To undergo the process of being roasted. + +Roast, n. That which is roasted; a piece of meat which has been +roasted, or is suitable for being roasted. + + A fat swan loved he best of any roost [roast]. + + +Chaucer. + +To rule the roast, to be at the head of affairs. "The new-made duke +that rules the roast." Shak. + +Roast, a. [For roasted.] Roasted; as, roast beef. + +Roast"er (?), n. 1. One who roasts meat. + +2. A contrivance for roasting. + +3. A pig, or other article of food fit for roasting. + +Roast"ing, a. & n., from Roast, v. + +Roasting ear, an ear of Indian corn at that stage of development when +it is fit to be eaten roasted. -- Roasting jack, a machine for turning +a spit on which meat is roasted. + +Rob (?), n. [F.; cf. Sp. rob, It. rob, robbo, Pg. robe, arrobe, Ar. +rubb, robb, Per. rub.] The inspissated juice of ripe fruit, obtained by +evaporation of the juice over a fire till it acquires the consistence +of a sirup. It is sometimes mixed with honey or sugar. [Written also +rhob, and rohob.] + +Rob, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Robbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Robbing.] [OF. +rober, of German origin; cf. OHG. roub&?;n, G. rauben, and OHG. roub +robbing, booty, G. raub. √114. See Reave,and cf. Robe.] 1. To +take (something) away from by force; to strip by stealing; to plunder; +to pillage; to steal from. + + Who would rob a hermit of his weeds, His few books, or his beads, + or maple dish? + + +Milton. + + He that is robbed, not wanting what is stolen, Let him not know it, + and he's not robbed at all. + + +Shak. + + To be executed for robbing a church. + + +Shak. + +2. (Law) To take the property of (any one) from his person, or in his +presence, feloniously, and against his will, by violence or by putting +him in fear. + +3. To deprive of, or withhold from, unjustly or injuriously; to +defraud; as, to rob one of his rest, or of his good name; a tree robs +the plants near it of sunlight. + + I never robbed the soldiers of their pay. + + +Shak. + +Rob, v. i. To take that which belongs to another, without right or +permission, esp. by violence. + + I am accursed to rob in that thief's company. + + +Shak. + +Rob"and (?), n. (Naut.) See Roperand. + +Rob"ber (?), n. One who robs; in law, one who feloniously takes goods +or money from the person of another by violence or by putting him in +fear. + + Some roving robber calling to his fellows. + + +Milton. + +Syn. -- Thief; depredator; despoiler; plunderer; pillager; rifler; +brigang; freebooter; pirate. See Thief. + +Robber crab. (Zoöl.) (a) A purse crab. (b) Any hermit crab. -- Robber +fly. (Zoöl.) Same as Hornet fly, under Hornet. -- Robber gull (Zoöl.), +a jager gull. + +Rob"ber*y (?), n.; pl. Robberies (#). [OF. roberie.] 1. The act or +practice of robbing; theft. + + Thieves for their robbery have authority When judges steal + themselves. + + +Shak. + +2. (Law) The crime of robbing. See Rob, v. t., 2. + +Robbery, in a strict sense, differs from theft, as it is effected by +force or intimidation, whereas theft is committed by stealth, or +privately. + +Syn. -- Theft; depredation; spoliation; despoliation; despoilment; +plunder; pillage; rapine; larceny; freebooting; piracy. + +Rob"bin (?), n. (Com.) A kind of package in which pepper and other dry +commodities are sometimes exported from the East Indies. The robbin of +rice in Malabar weighs about 84 pounds. Simmonds. + +Rob"bin, n. (Naut.) See Ropeband. + +Robe (?), n. [F., fr. LL. rauba a gown, dress, garment; originally, +booty, plunder. See Rob, v. t., and cf. Rubbish.] 1. An outer garment; +a dress of a rich, flowing, and elegant style or make; hence, a dress +of state, rank, office, or the like. + + Through tattered clothes small vices do appear; Robes and furred + gowns hide all. + + +Shak. + +2. A skin of an animal, especially, a skin of the bison, dressed with +the fur on, and used as a wrap. [U.S.] + +Master of the robes, an officer of the English royal household (when +the sovereign is a king) whose duty is supposed to consist in caring +for the royal robes. -- Mistress of the robes, a lady who enjoys the +highest rank of the ladies in the service of the English sovereign +(when a queen), and is supposed to have the care her robes. + +Robe (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Robed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Robing.] To +invest with a robe or robes; to dress; to array; as, fields robed with +green. + + The sage Chaldeans robed in white appeared. + + +Pope. + + Such was his power over the expression of his countenance, that he + could in an instant shake off the sternness of winter, and robe it + in the brightest smiles of spring. + + +Wirt. + +||Robe`-de-cham"bre (?), n. [F., lit., a chamber gown.] A dressing +||gown, or morning gown. + +{ Rob"erds*man (?), Rob"erts*man (?), } n.; pl. -men. (&?;) (Old +Statutes of Eng.) A bold, stout robber, or night thief; -- said to be +so called from Robin Hood. + +Rob"ert (?), n. (Bot.) See Herb Robert, under Herb. + +Rob"in (?), n. [Properly a pet name for Robert, originally meaning, +famebright; F., fron OHG. Roudperht; ruod (in comp.; akin to AS. +hr&?;&?; glory, fame, Goth. hr&?;peigs victorius) + beraht bright. See +Bright, Hob a clown.] (Zoöl.) (a) A small European singing bird +(Erythacus rubecula), having a reddish breast; -- called also robin +redbreast, robinet, and ruddock. (b) An American singing bird (Merula +migratoria), having the breast chestnut, or dull red. The upper parts +are olive-gray, the head and tail blackish. Called also robin +redbreast, and migratory thrush. (c) Any one of several species of +Australian warblers of the genera Petroica, Melanadrays, and allied +genera; as, the scarlet-breasted robin (Petroica mullticolor). (d) Any +one of several Asiatic birds; as, the Indian robins. See Indian robin, +below. + +Beach robin (Zoöl.), the robin snipe, or knot. See Knot. -- +Blue-throated robin. (Zoöl.) See Bluethroat. - - Canada robin (Zoöl.), +the cedar bird. -- Golden robin (Zoöl.), the Baltimore oriole. -- +Ground robin (Zoöl.), the chewink. -- Indian robin (Zoöl.), any one of +several species of Asiatic saxoline birds of the genera Thamnobia and +Pratincola. They are mostly black, usually with some white on the +wings. -- Magrie robin (Zoöl.), an Asiatic singing bird (Corsycus +saularis), having the back, head, neck, and breast black glossed with +blue, the wings black, and the belly white. -- Ragged robin. (Bot.) See +under Ragged. -- Robin accentor (Zoöl.), a small Asiatic singing bird +(Accentor rubeculoides), somewhat resembling the European robin. -- +Robin redbreast. (Zoöl.) (a) The European robin. (b) The American +robin. (c) The American bluebird. -- Robin snipe. (Zoöl.) (a) The +red-breasted snipe, or dowitcher. (b) The red-breasted sandpiper, or +knot. -- Robin's plantain. (Bot.) See under Plantain. -- Sea robin. +(Zoöl.) (a) Any one of several species of American gurnards of the +genus Prionotus. They are excellent food fishes. Called also wingfish. +The name is also applied to a European gurnard. (b) The red-breasted +merganser, or sheldrake. [Local, U.S.] -- Water robin (Zoöl.), a +redstart (Ruticulla fuliginosa), native of India. + +Rob"i*net (?), n. 1. (Zoöl.) (a) The chaffinch; -- called also roberd. +(b) The European robin. + +2. A military engine formerly used for throwing darts and stones. + +Rob"ing (?), n. The act of putting on a robe. + +Robing room, a room where official robes are put on, as by judges, etc. + +Rob"in Good"fel`low (?). A celebrated fairy; Puck. See Puck. Shak. + +||Ro*bin"i*a (?), n. [NL. So called after Jean Robin, a French +||herbalist.] (Bot.) A genus of leguminous trees including the common +||locust of North America (Robinia Pseudocacia). + +Rob"o*rant (?), a. [L. roborans, p. pr. See Roborate.] Strengthening. +-- n. (Med.) A strengthening medicine; a tonic. + +Rob"o*rate (?), v. t. [L. roboratus, p. pr. of roborare to strengthen, +fr. robur, roboris, strength.] To give strength or support to; to +confirm. [Obs.] Fuller. + +Rob`o*ra"tion (?), n. [LL. roboratio.] The act of strengthening. [Obs.] +Coles. + +{ Ro*bo"re*an (?), Ro*bo"re*ous (?), } a. [L. roboreus.] Made of oak. +[Obs.] + +Ro*bust" (?), a. [L. robustus oaken, hard, strong, fr. robur strength, +a very hard kind of oak; cf. Skr. rabhas violence: cf. F. robuste.] 1. +Evincing strength; indicating vigorous health; strong; sinewy; +muscular; vigorous; sound; as, a robust body; robust youth; robust +health. + +<! p. 1247 !> + +2. Violent; rough; rude. + + While romp-loving miss Is hauled about in gallantry robust. + + +Thomson. + +3. Requiring strength or vigor; as, robust employment. Locke. + +Syn. -- Strong; lusty; sinewy; sturdy; muscular; hale; hearty; +vigorous; forceful; sound. -- Robust, Strong. Robust means, literally, +made of oak, and hence implies great compactness and toughness of +muscle, connected with a thick-set frame and great powers of endurance. +Strong denotes the power of exerting great physical force. The robust +man can bear heat or cold, excess or privation, and toil on through +every kind of hardship; the strong man can lift a great weight, can +give a heavy blow, and a hard gripe. "Robust, tough sinews bred to +toil." Cowper. + + Then 'gan the villain wax so fierce and strong, That nothing may + sustain his furious force. + + +Spenser. + +Ro*bus"tious (?), a. [Cf. L. robusteus of oak.] Robust. [Obs. or +Humorous] W. Irving. + + In Scotland they had handled the bishops in a more robustious + manner. + + +Milton. + +-- Ro*bus"tious*ly, adv. -- Ro*bus"tious*ness, n. + +Ro*bust"ly, adv. In a robust manner. + +Ro*bust"ness, n. The quality or state of being robust. + +Roc (?), n. [Ar. & Per. rokh or rukh. Cf. Rook a castle.] A monstrous +bird of Arabian mythology. [Written also rock, and rukh.] Brande & C. + +Roc"am*bole (?), n. [F.] [Written also rokambole.] (Bot.) A name of +Allium Scorodoprasum and A. Ascalonium, two kinds of garlic, the latter +of which is also called shallot. + +Roc*cel"lic (?), a. [F. roccellique, fr. roccelle archil, It. & NL. +roccella, fr. It. rocca a rock, because archil grows on rock.] (Chem.) +Pertaining to, or designating, a dibasic acid of the oxalic series +found in archil (Roccella tinctoria, etc.), and other lichens, and +extracted as a white crystalline substance C17H32O4. + +Roc*cel"lin (?), n. A red dyestuff, used as a substitute for cochineal, +archil, etc. It consists of the sodium salt of a complex azo derivative +of naphtol. + +Roche (?), n. [See Rock.] Rock. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Roche" al`um (?). (Chem.) A kind of alum occuring in small fragments; +-- so called from Rocca, in Syria, whence alum is said to have been +obtained; -- also called rock alum. + +Roche"lime` (?), n. [F. roche rock + E. lime.] Lime in the lump after +it is burned; quicklime. [Eng.] + +Ro*chelle" (?), n. A seaport town in France. + +Rochelle powders. Same as Seidlitz powders. -- Rochelle salt (Chem.), +the double tartrate of sodium and potassium, a white crystalline +substance. It has a cooling, saline, slightly bitter taste and is +employed as a mild purgative. It was discovered by Seignette, an +apothecary of Rochelle, and is called also Seignete's salt. + +||Roche" mou`ton`née" (?). [F., sheep-shaped rock.] (Geol.) See +||Sheepback. + +Roch"et (?), n. [F., dim. fr. OHG. rocch coat, G. rock.] 1. (Eccl.) A +linen garment resembling the surplise, but with narrower sleeves, also +without sleeves, worn by bishops, and by some other ecclesiastical +dignitaries, in certain religious ceremonies. + + They see no difference between an idler with a hat and national + cockade, and an idler in a cowl or in a rochet. + + +Burke. + +2. A frock or outer garment worn in the thirteenth and fourteenth +centuries. [Obs.] Rom. of R. + +Roch"et, n. [Probably corrupted fr. F. rouget the red gurnet, from +rouge red. CF. Rouge.] (Zoöl.) The red gurnard, or gurnet. See Gurnard. + +Roch"ing cask` (?). [Probably from F. roche a rock.] A tank in which +alum is crystallized from a solution. + +Rock (?), n. See Roc. + +Rock, n. [OE. rocke; akin to D. rok, rokken, G. rocken, OHG. roccho, +Dan. rok, Icel. rokkr. Cf. Rocket a firework.] A distaff used in +spinning; the staff or frame about which flax is arranged, and from +which the thread is drawn in spinning. Chapman. + + Sad Clotho held the rocke, the whiles the thread By grisly Lachesis + was spun with pain, That cruel Atropos eftsoon undid. + + +Spenser. + +Rock, n. [OF. roke, F. roche; cf. Armor. roc'h, and AS. rocc.] 1. A +large concreted mass of stony material; a large fixed stone or crag. +See Stone. + + Come one, come all! this rock shall fly From its firm base as soon + as I. + + +Sir W. Scott. + +2. (Geol.) Any natural deposit forming a part of the earth's crust, +whether consolidated or not, including sand, earth, clay, etc., when in +natural beds. + +3. That which resembles a rock in firmness; a defense; a support; a +refuge. + + The Lord is my rock, and my fortress. + + +2 Sam. xxii. 2. + +4. Fig.: Anything which causes a disaster or wreck resembling the wreck +of a vessel upon a rock. + +5. (Zoöl.) The striped bass. See under Bass. + +This word is frequently used in the formation of self- explaining +compounds; as, rock-bound, rock-built, rock-ribbed, rock-roofed, and +the like. + +Rock alum. [Probably so called by confusion with F. roche a rock.] Same +as Roche alum. -- Rock barnacle (Zoöl.), a barnacle (Balanus +balanoides) very abundant on rocks washed by tides. -- Rock bass. +(Zoöl.) (a) The stripped bass. See under Bass. (b) The goggle-eye. (c) +The cabrilla. Other species are also locally called rock bass. -- Rock +builder (Zoöl.), any species of animal whose remains contribute to the +formation of rocks, especially the corals and Foraminifera. -- Rock +butter (Min.), native alum mixed with clay and oxide of iron, usually +in soft masses of a yellowish white color, occuring in cavities and +fissures in argillaceous slate. -- Rock candy, a form of candy +consisting of crystals of pure sugar which are very hard, whence the +name. -- Rock cavy. (Zoöl.) See Moco. -- Rock cod (Zoöl.) (a) A small, +often reddish or brown, variety of the cod found about rocks andledges. +(b) A California rockfish. -- Rock cook. (Zoöl.) (a) A European wrasse +(Centrolabrus exoletus). (b) A rockling. -- Rock cork (Min.), a variety +of asbestus the fibers of which are loosely interlaced. It resembles +cork in its texture. -- Rock crab (Zoöl.), any one of several species +of large crabs of the genus Cancer, as the two species of the New +England coast (C. irroratus and C. borealis). See Illust. under Cancer. +-- Rock cress (Bot.), a name of several plants of the cress kind found +on rocks, as Arabis petræa, A. lyrata, etc. -- Rock crystal (Min.), +limpid quartz. See Quartz, and under Crystal. -- Rock dove (Zoöl.), the +rock pigeon; -- called also rock doo. -- Rock drill, an implement for +drilling holes in rock; esp., a machine impelled by steam or compressed +air, for drilling holes for blasting, etc. -- Rock duck (Zoöl.), the +harlequin duck. -- Rock eel. (Zoöl.) See Gunnel. -- Rock goat (Zoöl.), +a wild goat, or ibex. -- Rock hopper (Zoöl.), a penguin of the genus +Catarractes. See under Penguin. -- Rock kangaroo. (Zoöl.) See Kangaroo, +and Petrogale. -- Rock lobster (Zoöl.), any one of several species of +large spinose lobsters of the genera Panulirus and Palinurus. They have +no large claws. Called also spiny lobster, and sea crayfish. -- Rock +meal (Min.), a light powdery variety of calcite occuring as an +efflorescence. -- Rock milk. (Min.) See Agaric mineral, under Agaric. +-- Rock moss, a kind of lichen; the cudbear. See Cudbear. -- Rock oil. +See Petroleum. -- Rock parrakeet (Zoöl.), a small Australian parrakeet +(Euphema petrophila), which nests in holes among the rocks of high +cliffs. Its general color is yellowish olive green; a frontal band and +the outer edge of the wing quills are deep blue, and the central tail +feathers bluish green. -- Rock pigeon (Zoöl.), the wild pigeon (Columba +livia) Of Europe and Asia, from which the domestic pigeon was derived. +See Illust. under Pigeon. -- Rock pipit. (Zoöl.) See the Note under +Pipit. -- Rock plover. (Zoöl.) (a) The black-bellied, or whistling, +plover. (b) The rock snipe. - - Rock ptarmigan (Zoöl.), an arctic +American ptarmigan (Lagopus rupestris), which in winter is white, with +the tail and lores black. In summer the males are grayish brown, +coarsely vermiculated with black, and have black patches on the back. +-- Rock rabbit (Zoöl.), the hyrax. See Cony, and Daman. -- Rock ruby +(Min.), a fine reddish variety of garnet. -- Rock salt (Min.), cloride +of sodium (common salt) occuring in rocklike masses in mines; mineral +salt; salt dug from the earth. In the United States this name is +sometimes given to salt in large crystals, formed by evaporation from +sea water in large basins or cavities. -- Rock seal (Zoöl.), the harbor +seal. See Seal. -- Rock shell (Zoöl.), any species of Murex, Purpura, +and allied genera. -- Rock snake (Zoöl.), any one of several large +pythons; as, the royal rock snake (Python regia) of Africa, and the +rock snake of India (P. molurus). The Australian rock snakes mostly +belong to the allied genus Morelia. -- Rock snipe (Zoöl.), the purple +sandpiper (Tringa maritima); -- called also rock bird, rock plover, +winter snipe. -- Rock soap (Min.), a kind of clay having a smooth, +greasy feel, and adhering to the tongue. -- Rock sparrow. (Zoöl.) (a) +Any one of several species of Old World sparrows of the genus Petronia, +as P. stulla, of Europe. (b) A North American sparrow (Pucæa ruficeps). +-- Rock tar, petroleum. -- Rock thrush (Zoöl.), any Old World thrush of +the genus Monticola, or Petrocossyphus; as, the European rock thrush +(M. saxatilis), and the blue rock thrush of India (M. cyaneus), in +which the male is blue throughout. -- Rock tripe (Bot.), a kind of +lichen (Umbilicaria Dillenii) growing on rocks in the northen parts of +America, and forming broad, flat, coriaceous, dark fuscous or blackish +expansions. It has been used as food in cases of extremity. -- Rock +trout (Zoöl.), any one of several species of marine food fishes of the +genus Hexagrammus, family Chiradæ, native of the North Pacific coasts; +-- called also sea trout, boregat, bodieron, and starling. -- Rock +warbler (Zoöl.), a small Australian singing bird (Origma rubricata) +which frequents rocky ravines and water courses; -- called also +cataract bird. -- Rock wren (Zoöl.), any one of several species of +wrens of the genus Salpinctes, native of the arid plains of Lower +California and Mexico. + +Rock (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rocked (?);p. pr. & vb. n. Rocking.] [AS. +roccian; akin to Dan. rokke to move, to snake; cf. Icel. rukkja to +pull, move, G. rücken to move, push, pull.] 1. To cause to sway +backward and forward, as a body resting on a support beneath; as, to +rock a cradle or chair; to cause to vibrate; to cause to reel or +totter. + + A rising earthquake rocked the ground. + + +Dryden. + +2. To move as in a cradle; hence, to put to sleep by rocking; to still; +to quiet. "Sleep rock thy brain." Shak. + +Rock differs from shake, as denoting a slower, less violent, and more +uniform motion, or larger movements. It differs from swing, which +expresses a vibratory motion of something suspended. + +Rock, v. i. 1. To move or be moved backward and forward; to be +violently agitated; to reel; to totter. + + The rocking town Supplants their footsteps. + + +J. Philips . + +2. To roll or saway backward and forward upon a support; as, to rock in +a rocking-chair. + +Rock"a*way (?), [Probably from Rockaway beach, where it was used.] +Formerly, a light, low, four-wheeled carriage, with standing top, open +at the sides, but having waterproof curtains which could be let down +when occasion required; now, a somewhat similar, but heavier, carriage, +inclosed, except in front, and having a door at each side. + +{ Rock"e*lay (?), Rock"lay (?) }, n. See Rokelay. [Scot.] + +Rock"er, n. 1. One who rocks; specifically, one who rocks a cradle. + + It was I, sir, said the rocker, who had the honor, some thirty + years since, to attend on your highness in your infancy. + + +Fuller. + +2. One of the curving pieces of wood or metal on which a cradle, chair, +etc., rocks. + +3. Any implement or machine working with a rocking motion, as a trough +mounted on rockers for separating gold dust from gravel, etc., by +agitation in water. + +4. A play horse on rockers; a rocking- horse. + +5. A chair mounted on rockers; a rocking- chair. + +6. A skate with a curved blade, somewhat resembling in shape the rocker +of a cradle. + +7. (Mach.) Same as Rock shaft. + +Rocker arm (Mach.), an arm borne by a rock shaft. + +Rock"ered (?), a. (Naut.) Shaped like a rocker; curved; as, a rockered +keel. + +Rock"er*y (?), n. (Gardening) A mound formed of fragments of rock, +earth, etc., and set with plants. + +Rock"et (?), n. [F. roquette (cf. Sp. ruqueta, It ruchetta), fr. L. +eruca.] (Bot.) (a) A cruciferous plant (Eruca sativa) sometimes eaten +in Europe as a salad. (b) Damewort. (c) Rocket larkspur. See below. + +Dyer's Rocket. (Bot.) See Dyer's broom, under Broom. -- Rocket larkspur +(Bot.), an annual plant with showy flowers in long racemes (Delphinium +Ajacis). -- Sea rocket (Bot.), either of two fleshy cruciferous plants +(Cakile maritima and C. Americana) found on the seashore of Europe and +America. -- Yellow rocket (Bot.), a common cruciferous weed with yellow +flowers (Barbarea vulgaris). + +Rock"et (?), n. [It. rocchetta, fr. rocca a distaff, of German origin. +Named from the resemblance in shape to a distaff. See Rock a distaff.] +1. An artificial firework consisting of a cylindrical case of paper or +metal filled with a composition of combustible ingredients, as niter, +charcoal, and sulphur, and fastened to a guiding stick. The rocket is +projected through the air by the force arising from the expansion of +the gases liberated by combustion of the composition. Rockets are used +as projectiles for various purposes, for signals, and also for +pyrotechnic display. + +2. A blunt lance head used in the joust. + +Congreve rocket, a powerful form of rocket for use in war, invented by +Sir William Congreve. It may be used either in the field or for +bombardment; in the former case, it is armed with shells or case shot; +in the latter, with a combustible material inclosed in a metallic case, +which is inextinguishable when kindled, and scatters its fire on every +side. + +Rock"et, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rocketed; p. pr. & vb. n. Rocketing.] +(Sporting) To rise straight up; said of birds; usually in the present +participle or as an adjective. [Eng.] + + An old cock pheasant came rocketing over me. + + +H. R. Haggard. + +Rock"et*er (?), n. (Sporting) A bird, especially a pheasant, which, +being flushed, rises straight in the air like a rocket. [Eng.] + +Rock"fish` (?), n. (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of several California scorpænoid +food fishes of the genus Sebastichthys, as the red rockfish (S. ruber). +They are among the most important of California market fishes. Called +also rock cod, and garrupa. (b) The striped bass. See Bass. (c) Any one +of several species of Florida and Bermuda groupers of the genus +Epinephelus. (d) An American fresh- water darter; the log perch. + +The term is locally applied to various other fishes. + +Rock"i*ness (?), n. [From Rocky.] The state or quality of being rocky. + +Rock"ing, a. Having a swaying, rolling, or back-and-forth movement; +used for rocking. + +Rocking shaft. (Mach.) See Rock shaft. + +Rock"ing-chair` (?), n. A chair mounted on rockers, in which one may +rock. + +Rock"ing-horse` (?), n. The figure of a horse, mounted upon rockers, +for children to ride. + +Rock"ing-stone` (?), n. A stone, often of great size and weight, +resting upon another stone, and so exactly poised that it can be +rocked, or slightly moved, with but little force. + +Rock"less, a. Being without rocks. Dryden. + +Rock"ling (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any species of small marine fishes of the +genera Onos and Rhinonemus (formerly Motella), allied to the cod. They +have three or four barbels. + +Rock"rose` (?), n. (Bot.) A name given to any species of the genus +Helianthemum, low shrubs or herbs with yellow flowers, especially the +European H. vulgare and the American frostweed, H. Canadense. + +Cretan rockrose, a related shrub (Cistus Creticus), one of the plants +yielding the fragrant gum called ladanum. + +Rock" shaft` (?). [Cf. Rock, v. i.] (Mach.) A shaft that oscillates on +its journals, instead of revolving, -- usually carrying levers by means +of which it receives and communicates reciprocating motion, as in the +valve gear of some steam engines; -- called also rocker, rocking shaft, +and way shaft. + +Rock" staff` (?). [Cf. Rock, v. i.] An oscillating bar in a machine, as +the lever of the bellows of a forge. + +Rock"suck`er (?), n. (Zoöl.) A lamprey. + +Rock"weed` (?), n. (Bot.) Any coarse seaweed growing on sea-washed +rocks, especially Fucus. + +<! p. 1248 !> + +Rock"wood` (?), n. (Min.) Ligniform asbestus; also, fossil wood. + +Rock"work` (?), n. 1. (Arch.) Stonework in which the surface is left +broken and rough. + +2. (Gardening) A rockery. + +Rock"y (?), a. 1. Full of, or abounding in, rocks; consisting of rocks; +as, a rocky mountain; a rocky shore. + +2. Like a rock; as, the rocky orb of a shield. Milton. + +3. Fig.: Not easily impressed or affected; hard; unfeeling; obdurate; +as, a rocky bosom. Shak. + +Rocky Mountain locust (Zoöl.), the Western locust, or grasshopper. See +Grasshopper. - - Rocky Mountain sheep. (Zoöl.) See Bighorn. + +Ro"coa (?), n. [Cf. F. rocou, roicou, Pg. & Braz, urucú.] The orange- +colored pulp covering the seeds of the tropical plant Bixa Orellana, +from which annotto is prepared. See Annoto. + +Ro*co"co (?), n. [F.; of uncertain etymology.] A florid style of +ornamentation which prevailed in Europe in the latter part of the +eighteenth century. + +Ro*co"co, a. Of or pertaining to the style called rococo; like rococo; +florid; fantastic. + +Rod (?), n. [The same word as rood. See Rood.] 1. A straight and +slender stick; a wand; hence, any slender bar, as of wood or metal +(applied to various purposes). Specifically: (a) An instrument of +punishment or correction; figuratively, chastisement. + + He that spareth his rod hateth his son. + + +Prov. xiii. 24. + +(b) A kind of sceptor, or badge of office; hence, figuratively, power; +authority; tyranny; oppression. "The rod, and bird of peace." Shak. (c) +A support for a fishing line; a fish pole. Gay. (d) (Mach. & Structure) +A member used in tension, as for sustaining a suspended weight, or in +tension and compression, as for transmitting reciprocating motion, +etc.; a connecting bar. (e) An instrument for measuring. + +2. A measure of length containing sixteen and a half feet; -- called +also perch, and pole. + +Black rod. See in the Vocabulary. -- Rods and cones (Anat.), the +elongated cells or elements of the sensory layer of the retina, some of +which are cylindrical, others somewhat conical. + +Rod"dy (?), a. Full of rods or twigs. + +Rod"dy, a. Ruddy. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Rode (?), n. [See Rud.] Redness; complexion. [Obs.] "His rode was red." +Chaucer. + +Rode, imp. of Ride. + +Rode, n. See Rood, the cross. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Ro"dent (?), a. [L. rodens, - entis, p. pr. of rodere to gnaw. See +Rase, v. t., and cf. Rostrum.] 1. Gnawing; biting; corroding; (Med.) +applied to a destructive variety of cancer or ulcer. + +2. (Zoöl.) (a) Gnawing. (b) Of or pertaining to the Rodentia. + +Ro"dent, n. (Zoöl.) One of the Rodentia. + +||Ro*den"ti*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Rodent, a.] (Zoöl.) An order of +||mammals having two (rarely four) large incisor teeth in each jaw, +||distant from the molar teeth. The rats, squirrels, rabbits, marmots, +||and beavers belong to this order. + +The incisor teeth are long, curved, and strongly enameled on the +outside, so as to keep a cutting edge. They have a persistent pulp and +grow continuously. + +||Ro*de"o (?), n. [SP., a going round.] A round-up. See Round-up. +||[Western U.S.] + +Rodge (?), n. (Zoöl.) The gadwall. [Prov. Eng.] + +Rod"o*mel (?), n. [Gr. &?;&?;&?; rose + &?;&?;&?; honey.] Juice of +roses mixed with honey. Simmonds. + +Rod"o*mont (?), n. [F. rodomont, It. rodomonte, fr. Rodomonte, +Rodamonte, a boasting hero in the "Orlando Furioso" of Ariosto, and the +"Orlando Innamorato" of Bojardo; properly, one who rolls away +mountains; Prov. It. rodare to roll away (fr. L. rota a wheel) + It. +monte a mountain, L. mons. See Rotary, Mount, n.] A vain or blustering +boaster; a braggart; a braggadocio. Sir T. Herbert. + +Rod"o*mont, a. Bragging; vainly boasting. + +Rod`o*mon*tade" (?), n. [F., fr. It. rodomontana. See Rodomont, n.] +Vain boasting; empty bluster or vaunting; rant. + + I could show that the rodomontades of Almanzor are neither so + irrational nor impossible. + + +Dryden. + +Rod`o*mon*tade", v. i. To boast; to brag; to bluster; to rant. + +Rod`o*mon*tad"ist (?), n. One who boasts. + +Rod`o*mon*ta"do (?), n. Rodomontade. + +Rod`o*mon*ta"dor (?), n. A rodomontadist. + +Rods"man (?), n.; pl. Rodsmen (&?;). One who carries and holds a +leveling staff, or rod, in a surveying party. G. W. Cable. + +Ro"dy (?), a. Ruddy. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Roe (?), n. [OE. ro, AS. rh; akin to D. ree, G. reh, Icel. r, SW. rå.] +(Zoöl.) (a) A roebuck. See Roebuck. (b) The female of any species of +deer. + +Roe, n. [For roan, OE. rowne, akin to G. rogen, OHG. rogan, Icel. +hrogn, Dan. rogn, ravn, Sw. rom; of uncertain origin; cf. Gr. &?;&?;&?; +pebble, Skr. &?;arkar gravel.] 1. (Zoöl.) The ova or spawn of fishes +and amphibians, especially when still inclosed in the ovarian +membranes. Sometimes applied, loosely, to the sperm and the testes of +the male. + +2. A mottled appearance of light and shade in wood, especially in +mahogany. + +Roe"buck` (?), n. [1st roe + buck.] (Zoöl.) A small European and +Asiatic deer (Capreolus capræa) having erect, cylindrical, branched +antlers, forked at the summit. This, the smallest European deer, is +very nimble and graceful. It always prefers a mountainous country, or +high grounds. + +Roed (?), a. (Zoöl.) Filled with roe. + +Roe"deer` (?), n. (Zoöl.) The roebuck. + +Roe"stone` (?), n. (Min.) Same as Oölite. + +Ro*ga"tion (?), n. [L. rogatio, fr. rogare, rogatum, to ask, beg, +supplicate: cf. F. rogation. Cf. Abrogate, Arrogant, Probogue.] 1. +(Rom. Antiq.) The demand, by the consuls or tribunes, of a law to be +passed by the people; a proposed law or decree. + +2. (Eccl.) Litany; supplication. + + He perfecteth the rogations or litanies before in use. + + +Hooker. + +Rogation days (Eccl.), the three days which immediately precede +Ascension Day; -- so called as being days on which the people, walking +in procession, sang litanies of special supplication. -- Rogation +flower (Bot.), a European species of milkwort (Polygala vulgaris); -- +so called from its former use for garlands in Rogation week. Dr. Prior. +-- Rogation week, the second week before Whitsunday, in which the +Rogation days occur. + +Rog"a*to*ry (?), a. [See Rogation.] Seeking information; authorized to +examine witnesses or ascertain facts; as, a rogatory commission. +Woolsey. + +Rogue (?), n. [F. rogue proud, haughty, supercilious; cf. Icel. hr&?;kr +a rook, croaker (cf. Rook a bird), or Armor. rok, rog, proud, arogant.] +1. (Eng.Law) A vagrant; an idle, sturdy beggar; a vagabond; a tramp. + +The phrase rogues and vagabonds is applied to a large class of +wandering, disorderly, or dissolute persons. They were formerly +punished by being whipped and having the gristle of the right ear bored +with a hot iron. + +2. A deliberately dishonest person; a knave; a cheat. + + The rogue and fool by fits is fair and wise. + + +Pope. + +3. One who is pleasantly mischievous or frolicsome; hence, often used +as a term of endearment. + + Ah, you sweet little rogue, you! + + +Shak. + +4. An elephant that has separated from a herd and roams about alone, in +which state it is very savage. + +5. (Hort.) A worthless plant occuring among seedlings of some choice +variety. + +Rogues' gallery, a collection of portraits of rogues or criminals, for +the use of the police authorities. -- Rogue's march, derisive music +performed in driving away a person under popular indignation or +official sentence, as when a soldier is drummed out of a regiment. -- +Rogue's yarn, yarn of a different twist and color from the rest, +inserted into the cordage of the British navy, to identify it if +stolen, or for the purpose of tracing the maker in case of defect. +Different makers are required to use yarns of different colors. + +Rogue, v. i. To wander; to play the vagabond; to play knavish tricks. +[Obs.] Spenser. + +Rogue, v. t. 1. To give the name or designation of rogue to; to decry. +[Obs.] Cudworth. + +2. (Hort.) To destroy (plants that do not come up to a required +standard). + +Rogu"er*y (?), n. 1. The life of a vargant. [Obs.] + +2. The practices of a rogue; knavish tricks; cheating; fraud; dishonest +practices. + + 'Tis no scandal grown, For debt and roguery to quit the town. + + +Dryden. + +3. Arch tricks; mischievousness. + +Rogue"ship (?), n. The quality or state of being a rogue. [Jocose] +"Your rogueship." Dryden. + +Rogu"ish, a. 1. Vagrant. [Obs.] Spenser. + + His roguish madness Allows itself to anything. + + +Shak. + +2. Resembling, or characteristic of, a rogue; knavish. + +3. Pleasantly mischievous; waggish; arch. + + The most bewitching leer with her eyes, the most roguish cast. + + +Dryden. + +-- Rogu"ish*ly, adv. -- Rogu"ish*ness, n. + +Rogu"y (?), a. Roguish. [Obs.] L'Estrange. + +Ro"hob (?), n. An inspissated juice. See Rob. + +Roi"al (?), a. Royal. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Roil (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Roiled; p. pr. & vb. n. Roiling.] [Cf. +OE. roilen to wander; possibly fr. OF. roeler to roll, equiv. to F. +rouler. See Roll, v., and cf. Rile.] 1. To render turbid by stirring up +the dregs or sediment of; as, to roil wine, cider, etc. , in casks or +bottles; to roil a spring. + +2. To disturb, as the temper; to ruffle the temper of; to rouse the +passion of resentment in; to perplex. + + That his friends should believe it, was what roiled him [Judge + Jeffreys] exceedingly. + + +R. North. + +Provincial in England and colloquial in the United States. A commoner, +but less approved, form is rile. + +Roil, v. i. 1. To wander; to roam. [Obs.] + +2. To romp. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. + +Roil"y (?), a. Turbid; as, roily water. + +Roin (?), v. t. See Royne. [Obs.] + +Roin, n. [F. rogne. See Roynish.] A scab; a scurf, or scurfy spot. +[Obs.] + +Roin"ish, a. See Roynish. [Obs.] + +Roint (?), interj. See Aroint. + +Roist (?), v. i. See Roister. + +Roist"er (?), v. i. [Probably fr. F. rustre boor, a clown, clownish, +fr. L. rustucus rustic. See Rustic.] To bluster; to swagger; to bully; +to be bold, noisy, vaunting, or turbulent. + + I have a roisting challenge sent amongst The dull and factious + nobles of the Greeks. + + +Shak. + +Roist"er (?), n. See Roisterer. + +Roist"er*er (?), n. A blustering, turbulent fellow. + + If two roisterers met, they cocked their hats in each other faces. + + +Macaulay. + +Roist"er*ly, a. Blustering; violent. [R.] + +Roist"er*ly, adv. In a roistering manner. [R.] + +Rok"am*bole (?), n. See Rocambole. + +Roke (?), n. [See Reek.] 1. Mist; smoke; damp [Prov. Eng.] [Written +also roak, rook, and rouk.] + +2. A vein of ore. [Pov.Eng.] Halliwell. + +{ Roke"age (?), Rok"ee (?), } n. [Cf. Nocake.] Parched Indian corn, +pounded up and mixed with sugar; -- called also yokeage. [Local, U.S.] + +Rok"e*lay (?), n. [Cf. Roquelaure.] A short cloak. [Written also +rockelay, rocklay, etc.] [Scot.] + +Rok"y (?), a. [See Roke.] Misty; foggy; cloudy. [Prov. Eng.] Ray. + +Rôle (?), n. [F. See Roll.] A part, or character, performed by an actor +in a drama; hence, a part of function taken or assumed by any one; as, +he has now taken the rôle of philanthropist. + +Title rôle, the part, or character, which gives the title to a play, as +the part of Hamlet in the play of that name. + +Roll (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rolled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Rolling.] +[OF. roeler, roler, F. rouler, LL. rotulare, fr. L. royulus, rotula, a +little wheel, dim. of rota wheel; akin to G. rad, and to Skr. ratha +car, chariot. Cf. Control, Roll, n., Rotary.] 1. To cause to revolve by +turning over and over; to move by turning on an axis; to impel forward +by causing to turn over and over on a supporting surface; as, to roll a +wheel, a ball, or a barrel. + +2. To wrap round on itself; to form into a spherical or cylindrical +body by causing to turn over and over; as, to roll a sheet of paper; to +roll parchment; to roll clay or putty into a ball. + +3. To bind or involve by winding, as in a bandage; to inwrap; -- often +with up; as, to roll up a parcel. + +4. To drive or impel forward with an easy motion, as of rolling; as, a +river rolls its waters to the ocean. + + The flood of Catholic reaction was rolled over Europe. + + +J. A. Symonds. + +5. To utter copiously, esp. with sounding words; to utter with a deep +sound; -- often with forth, or out; as, to roll forth some one's +praises; to roll out sentences. + + Who roll'd the psalm to wintry skies. + + +Tennyson. + +6. To press or level with a roller; to spread or form with a roll, +roller, or rollers; as, to roll a field; to roll paste; to roll steel +rails, etc. + +7. To move, or cause to be moved, upon, or by means of, rollers or +small wheels. + +8. To beat with rapid, continuous strokes, as a drum; to sound a roll +upon. + +9. (Geom.) To apply (one line or surface) to another without slipping; +to bring all the parts of (one line or surface) into successive contact +with another, in suck manner that at every instant the parts that have +been in contact are equal. + +10. To turn over in one's mind; to revolve. + + Full oft in heart he rolleth up and down The beauty of these + florins new and bright. + + +Chaucer. + +To roll one's self, to wallow. -- To roll the eye, to direct its axis +hither and thither in quick succession. -- To roll one's r's, to utter +the letter r with a trill. [Colloq.] + +Roll, v. i. 1. To move, as a curved object may, along a surface by +rotation without sliding; to revolve upon an axis; to turn over and +over; as, a ball or wheel rolls on the earth; a body rolls on an +inclined plane. + + And her foot, look you, is fixed upon a spherical stone, which + rolls, and rolls, and rolls. + + +Shak. + +2. To move on wheels; as, the carriage rolls along the street. "The +rolling chair." Dryden. + +3. To be wound or formed into a cylinder or ball; as, the cloth rolls +unevenly; the snow rolls well. + +4. To fall or tumble; -- with over; as, a stream rolls over a +precipice. + +5. To perform a periodical revolution; to move onward as with a +revolution; as, the rolling year; ages roll away. + +6. To turn; to move circularly. + + And his red eyeballs roll with living fire. + + +Dryden. + +7. To move, as waves or billows, with alternate swell and depression. + + What different sorrows did within thee roll. + + +Prior. + +8. To incline first to one side, then to the other; to rock; as, there +is a great difference in ships about rolling; in a general semse, to be +tossed about. + + Twice ten tempestuous nights I rolled. + + +Pope. + +9. To turn over, or from side to side, while lying down; to wallow; as, +a horse rolls. + +10. To spread under a roller or rolling-pin; as, the paste rolls well. + +11. To beat a drum with strokes so rapid that they can scarcely be +distinguished by the ear. + +12. To make a loud or heavy rumbling noise; as, the thunder rolls. + +To roll about, to gad abroad. [Obs.] + + Man shall not suffer his wife go roll about. + + +Chaucer. + +Roll, n. [F. rôle a roll (in sense 3), fr. L. rotulus &?; little wheel, +LL., a roll, dim. of L. rota a wheel. See Roll, v., and cf. Rôle, +Rouleau, Roulette.] 1. The act of rolling, or state of being rolled; +as, the roll of a ball; the roll of waves. + +2. That which rolls; a roller. Specifically: (a) A heavy cylinder used +to break clods. Mortimer. (b) One of a set of revolving cylinders, or +rollers, between which metal is pressed, formed, or smoothed, as in a +rolling mill; as, to pass rails through the rolls. + +3. That which is rolled up; as, a roll of fat, of wool, paper, cloth, +etc. Specifically: (a) A document written on a piece of parchment, +paper, or other materials which may be rolled up; a scroll. + + Busy angels spread The lasting roll, recording what we say. + + +Prior. + +<! p. 1249 !> + +(b) Hence, an official or public document; a register; a record; also, +a catalogue; a list. + + The rolls of Parliament, the entry of the petitions, answers, and + transactions in Parliament, are extant. + + +Sir M. Hale. + + The roll and list of that army doth remain. + + +Sir J. Davies. + +(c) A quantity of cloth wound into a cylindrical form; as, a roll of +carpeting; a roll of ribbon. (d) A cylindrical twist of tobacco. + +4. A kind of shortened raised biscuit or bread, often rolled or doubled +upon itself. + +5. (Naut.) The oscillating movement of a vessel from side to side, in +sea way, as distinguished from the alternate rise and fall of bow and +stern called pitching. + +6. A heavy, reverberatory sound; as, the roll of cannon, or of thunder. + +7. The uniform beating of a drum with strokes so rapid as scarcely to +be distinguished by the ear. + +8. Part; office; duty; rôle. [Obs.] L'Estrange. + +Long roll (Mil.), a prolonged roll of the drums, as the signal of an +attack by the enemy, and for the troops to arrange themselves in line. +-- Master of the rolls. See under Master. -- Roll call, the act, or the +time, of calling over a list names, as among soldiers. -- Rolls of +court, of parliament (or of any public body), the parchments or rolls +on which the acts and proceedings of that body are engrossed by the +proper officer, and which constitute the records of such public body. +-- To call the roll, to call off or recite a list or roll of names of +persons belonging to an organization, in order to ascertain who are +present or to obtain responses from those present. + +Syn. -- List; schedule; catalogue; register; inventory. See List. + +Roll"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being rolled. + +Roll"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, rolls; especially, a +cylinder, sometimes grooved, of wood, stone, metal, etc., used in +husbandry and the arts. + +2. A bandage; a fillet; properly, a long and broad bandage used in +surgery. + +3. (Naut.) One of series of long, heavy waves which roll in upon a +coast, sometimes in calm weather. + +4. A long, belt-formed towel, to be suspended on a rolling cylinder; -- +called also roller towel. + +5. (Print.) A cylinder coated with a composition made principally of +glue and molassess, with which forms of type are inked previously to +taking an impression from them. W. Savage. + +6. A long cylinder on which something is rolled up; as, the roller of a +man. + +7. A small wheel, as of a caster, a roller skate, etc. + +8. (Zoöl.) ANy insect whose larva rolls up leaves; a leaf roller. see +Tortrix. + +9. [CF. F. rollier.] (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of Old World +picarian birds of the family Coraciadæ. The name alludes to their habit +of suddenly turning over or "tumbling" in flight. + +Many of the species are brilliantly colored. The common European +species (Coracias garrula) has the head, neck, and under parts light +blue varied with green, the scapulars chestnut brown, and the tail +blue, green, and black. The broad-billed rollers of India and Africa +belong to the genus Eurystomus, as the oriental roller (E. orientalis), +and the Australian roller, or dollar bird (E. Pacificus). The latter is +dark brown on the head and neck, sea green on the back, and bright blue +on the throat, base of the tail, and parts of the wings. It has a +silvery-white spot on the middle of each wing. + +10. (Zoöl.) Any species of small ground snakes of the family +Tortricidæ. + +Ground roller (Zoöl.), any one of several species of Madagascar rollers +belonging to Atelornis and allied genera. They are nocturnal birds, and +feed on the ground. -- Roller bolt, the bar in a carriage to which the +traces are attached; a whiffletree. [Eng.] -- Roller gin, a cotton gin +inn which rolls are used for separating the seeds from the fiber. -- +Roller mill. See under Mill. -- Roller skate, a skate which has small +wheels in the place of the metallic runner; -- designed for use in +skating upon a smooth, hard surface, other than ice. + +Roll"ey (-), n. [Probably fr. roll.] A small wagon used for the +underground work of a mine. Tomlison. + +Rol"lic (rl"lk), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rollicked (-lkt); p. pr. & vb. n. +Rollicking.] [Corrupt. fr. frolic, under the influence of roll.] To +move or play in a careless, swaggering manner, with a frolicsome air; +to frolic; to sport; commonly in the form rollicking. [Colloq.] + + He described his friends as rollicking blades. + + +T. Hook. + +Roll"ing (?), a. 1. Rotating on an axis, or moving along a surface by +rotation; turning over and over as if on an axis or a pivot; as, a +rolling wheel or ball. + +2. Moving on wheels or rollers, or as if on wheels or rollers; as, a +rolling chair. + +3. Having gradual, rounded undulations of surface; as, a rolling +country; rolling land. [U.S.] + +Rolling bridge. See the Note under Drawbridge. -- Rolling circle of a +paddle wheel, the circle described by the point whose velocity equals +the velocity of the ship. J. Bourne. -- Rolling fire (Mil.), a +discharge of firearms by soldiers in line, in quick succession, and in +the order in which they stand. -- Rolling friction, that resistance to +motion experienced by one body rolling upon another which arises from +the roughness or other quality of the surfaces in contact. -- Rolling +mill, a mill furnished with heavy rolls, between which heated metal is +passed, to form it into sheets, rails, etc. -- Rolling press. (a) A +machine for calendering cloth by pressure between revolving rollers. +(b) A printing press with a roller, used in copperplate printing. -- +Rolling stock, or Rolling plant, the locomotives and vehicles of a +railway. -- Rolling tackle (Naut.), tackle used to steady the yards +when the ship rolls heavily. R. H. Dana, Jr. + +Roll"ing-pin` (?), n. A cylindrical piece of wood or other material, +with which paste or dough may be rolled out and reduced to a proper +thickness. + +Roll"way` (?), n. A place prepared for rolling logs into a stream. + +Roll"y-po`ly (?), n. A kind of pudding made of paste spread with fruit, +rolled into a cylindrical form, and boiled or steamed. -- a. Shaped +like a rolly-poly; short and stout. [Written also roly- poly.] + +Roll"y-pool`y (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A game in which a ball, +rolling into a certain place, wins. [Written also rouly-pouly.] + +Ro"ly-po`ly (?), n. & a. Rolly- poly. + +Rom"age (?), n. & v. See Rummage. [Obs.] Shak. + +Ro*ma"ic (?), a. [NGr. &?;&?;&?;&?;: cf. F. romaïque. See Roman.] Of or +relating to modern Greece, and especially to its language. -- n. The +modern Greek language, now usually called by the Greeks Hellenic or +Neo-Hellenic. + +The Greeks at the time of the capture of Constantinople were proud of +being "Romai^oi, or Romans . . . Hence the term Romaic was the name +given to the popular language. . . . The Greek language is now spoken +of as the Hellenic language. Encyc. Brit. + +Ro"man (?), a. [L. Romanus, fr. Roma Rome: cf. F. romain. Cf. Romaic, +Romance, Romantic.] 1. Of or pertaining to Rome, or the Roman people; +like or characteristic of Rome, the Roman people, or things done by +Romans; as, Roman fortitude; a Roman aqueduct; Roman art. + +2. Of or pertaining to the Roman Catholic religion; professing that +religion. + +3. (Print.) (a) Upright; erect; -- said of the letters or kind of type +ordinarily used, as distinguished from Italic characters. (b) Expressed +in letters, not in figures, as I., IV., i., iv., etc.; -- said of +numerals, as distinguished from the Arabic numerals, 1, 4, etc. + +Roman alum (Chem.), a cubical potassium alum formerly obtained in large +quantities from Italian alunite, and highly valued by dyers on account +of its freedom from iron. -- Roman balance, a form of balance nearly +resembling the modern steelyard. See the Note under Balance, n., 1. -- +Roman candle, a kind of firework (generally held in the hand), +characterized by the continued emission of shower of sparks, and the +ejection, at intervals, of brilliant balls or stars of fire which are +thrown upward as they become ignited. -- Roman Catholic, of, pertaining +to, or the religion of that church of which the pope is the spiritual +head; as, a Roman Catholic priest; the Roman Catholic Church. -- Roman +cement, a cement having the property of hardening under water; a +species of hydraulic cement. -- Roman law. See under Law. -- Roman +nose, a nose somewhat aquiline. -- Roman ocher, a deep, rich orange +color, transparent and durable, used by artists. Ure. -- Roman order +(Arch.), the composite order. See Composite, a., 2. + +Ro"man, n. 1. A native, or permanent resident, of Rome; a citizen of +Rome, or one upon whom certain rights and privileges of a Roman citizen +were conferred. + +2. Roman type, letters, or print, collectively; -- in distinction from +Italics. + +Ro*mance" (?), n. [OE. romance, romant, romaunt, OF. romanz, romans, +romant, roman, F. roman, romance, fr. LL. Romanice in the Roman +language, in the vulgar tongue, i. e., in the vulgar language which +sprang from Latin, the language of the Romans, and hence applied to +fictitious compositions written in this vulgar tongue; fr. L. Romanicus +Roman, fr. Romanus. See Roman, and cf. Romanic, Romaunt, Romansch, +Romanza.] 1. A species of fictitious writing, originally composed in +meter in the Romance dialects, and afterward in prose, such as the +tales of the court of Arthur, and of Amadis of Gaul; hence, any +fictitious and wonderful tale; a sort of novel, especially one which +treats of surprising adventures usually befalling a hero or a heroine; +a tale of extravagant adventures, of love, and the like. "Romances that +been royal." Chaucer. + + Upon these three columns -- chivalry, gallantry, and religion -- + repose the fictions of the Middle Ages, especially those known as + romances. These, such as we now know them, and such as display the + characteristics above mentioned, were originally metrical, and + chiefly written by nations of the north of France. + + +Hallam. + +2. An adventure, or series of extraordinary events, resembling those +narrated in romances; as, his courtship, or his life, was a romance. + +3. A dreamy, imaginative habit of mind; a disposition to ignore what is +real; as, a girl full of romance. + +4. The languages, or rather the several dialects, which were originally +forms of popular or vulgar Latin, and have now developed into Italian. +Spanish, French, etc. (called the Romanic languages). + +5. (Mus.) A short lyric tale set to music; a song or short instrumental +piece in ballad style; a romanza. + +Syn. -- Fable; novel; fiction; tale. + +Ro*mance", a. Of or pertaining to the language or dialects known as +Romance. + +Ro*mance", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Romanced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Romancing +(?).] To write or tell romances; to indulge in extravagant stories. + + A very brave officer, but apt to romance. + + +Walpole. + +Ro*man"cer (?), n. One who romances. + +Ro*man"cist (?), n. A romancer. [R.] + +Ro*man"cy (?), a. Romantic. [R.] + +Ro`man*esque" (?), a. [F. romanesque; cf. It. romanesco.] 1. (Arch.) +Somewhat resembling the Roman; -- applied sometimes to the debased +style of the later Roman empire, but esp. to the more developed +architecture prevailing from the 8th century to the 12th. + +2. Of or pertaining to romance or fable; fanciful. + +Romanesque style (Arch.), that which grew up from the attempts of +barbarous people to copy Roman architecture and apply it to their own +purposes. This term is loosely applied to all the styles of Western +Europe, from the fall of the Western Roman Empire to the appearance of +Gothic architecture. + +Ro`man*esque", n. Romanesque style. + +Ro*man"ic (?), a. [L. Romanicus. See Romance, n.] 1. Of or pertaining +to Rome or its people. + +2. Of or pertaining to any or all of the various languages which, +during the Middle Ages, sprung out of the old Roman, or popular form of +Latin, as the Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, French, Provencal, etc. + +3. Related to the Roman people by descent; -- said especially of races +and nations speaking any of the Romanic tongues. + +Romanic spelling, spelling by means of the letters of the Roman +alphabet, as in English; -- contrasted with phonetic spelling. + +Ro"man*ish (?), a. Pertaining to Romanism. + +Ro"man*ism (?), n. The tenets of the Church of Rome; the Roman Catholic +religion. + +Ro"man*ist, n. One who adheres to Romanism. + +Ro"man*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Romanized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Romanizing (?).] 1. To Latinize; to fill with Latin words or idioms. +[R.] Dryden. + +2. To convert to the Roman Catholic religion. + +Ro"man*ize, v. i. 1. To use Latin words and idioms. "Apishly +Romanizing." Milton. + +2. To conform to Roman Catholic opinions, customs, or modes of speech. + +Ro"man*i`zer (?), n. One who Romanizes. + +Ro*mansch" (?), n. [Grisons rumansch, rumonsch, romonsch. See Romance.] +The language of the Grisons in Switzerland, a corruption of the Latin. +[Written also Romansch, and Rumonsch.] + +Ro*mant" (?), n. A romaunt. [Obs.] + +Ro*man"tic (?), a. [F. romantique, fr. OF. romant. See Romance.] 1. Of +or pertaining to romance; involving or resembling romance; hence, +fanciful; marvelous; extravagant; unreal; as, a romantic tale; a +romantic notion; a romantic undertaking. + + Can anything in nature be imagined more profane and impious, more + absurd, and undeed romantic, than such a persuasion? + + +South. + + Zeal for the good of one's country a party of men have represented + as chimerical and romantic. + + +Addison. + +2. Entertaining ideas and expectations suited to a romance; as, a +romantic person; a romantic mind. + +3. Of or pertaining to the style of the Christian and popular +literature of the Middle Ages, as opposed to the classical antique; of +the nature of, or appropriate to, that style; as, the romantic school +of poets. + +4. Characterized by strangeness or variety; suggestive of adventure; +suited to romance; wild; picturesque; -- applied to scenery; as, a +romantic landscape. + +Syn. -- Sentimental; fanciful; fantastic; fictitious; extravagant; +wild; chimerical. See Sentimental. + +The romantic drama. See under Drama. + +Ro*man"tic*al (?), a. Romantic. + +Ro*man"tic*al*y, adv. In a romantic manner. + +Ro*man"ti*cism (?), n. [CF. It. romanticismo, F. romantisme, +romanticisme.] A fondness for romantic characteristics or +peculiarities; specifically, in modern literature, an aiming at +romantic effects; -- applied to the productions of a school of writers +who sought to revive certain medi&?;val forms and methods in opposition +to the so-called classical style. + + He [Lessing] may be said to have begun the revolt from + pseudo-classicism in poetry, and to have been thus unconsciously + the founder of romanticism. + + +Lowell. + +Ro*man"ti*cist (?), n. One who advocates romanticism in modern +literature. J. R. Seeley. + +Ro*man"tic*ly (?), adv. Romantically. [R.] Strype. + +Ro*man"tic*ness (?), n. The state or quality of being romantic; +widness; fancifulness. Richardson. + +Rom"a*ny (?), n. [Gypsy romano, romani, adj., gypsy; cf. rom husband.] +1. A gypsy. + +2. The language spoken among themselves by the gypsies. [Written also +Rommany.] + +||Ro*man"za (?), n. [It.] See Romance, 5. + +Ro*maunt" (?), n. [See Romance.] A romantic story in verse; as, the +"Romaunt of the Rose." + + O, hearken, loving hearts and bold, Unto my wild romaunt. + + +Mrs. Browning. + +Rom"ble (?), v.& n. Rumble. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Rom*bow"line (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Naut.) Old, condemned +canvas, rope, etc., unfit for use except in chafing gear. [Written also +rumbowline.] + +{ Ro"me*ine (?), Ro"me*ite (?), } n. [F. roméine. So calledafter the +French mineralogist Romé L'Isle.] (Min.) A mineral of a hyacinth or +honey-yellow color, occuring in square octahedrons. It is an antimonate +of calcium. + +Rome"kin (?), n. [CF. Rummer.] A drinking cup. [Written also romkin.] +[Obs.] Halliwell. + +{ Rome" pen`ny (?), or Rome" scot` (?) }. See Peter pence, under Peter. + +Rome"ward (?), adv. Toward Rome, or toward the Roman Catholic Church. + +Rome"ward, a. Tending or directed toward Rome, or toward the Roman +Catholic Church. + + To analyze the crisis in its Anglican rather than in its Romeward + aspect. + + +Gladstone. + +Rom"ic (?), n. A method of notation for all spoken sounds, proposed by +Mr. Sweet; -- so called because it is based on the common Roman-letter +alphabet. It is like the palæotype of Mr. Ellis in the general plan, +but simpler. + +Rom"ish (?), a. Belonging or relating to Rome, or to the Roman Catholic +Church; -- frequently used in a disparaging sense; as, the Romish +church; the Romish religion, ritual, or ceremonies. + +Rom"ist, n. A Roman Catholic. [R.] South. + +Romp (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Romped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Romping.] [A +variant of ramp. See Ramp to leap, Rampallian.] To play rudely and +boisterously; to leap and frisk about in play. + +Romp, n. 1. A girl who indulges in boisterous play. + +<! p. 1250 !> + +2. Rude, boisterous play or frolic; rough sport. + + While romp-loving miss Is hauled about in gallantry robust. + + +Thomson. + +Romp"ing (?), a. Inclined to romp; indulging in romps. + + A little romping girl from boarding school. + + +W. Irving. + +Romp"ing*ly, adv. In a romping manner. + +Romp"ish, a. Given to rude play; inclined to romp. + +--- Romp"ish, adv. -- Romp"ish*ness, n. + +Rom"pu (?), a. [F. rompu, p. p. of rompre to breeak, L. rumpere. See +Rupture.] (Her.) Broken, as an ordinary; cut off, or broken at the top, +as a chevron, a bend, or the like. + +Ron`ca*dor" (?), n. [Sp., a snorer, fr. roncar to snore. So called in +allusion to the grunting noise made by them on being taken from the +water. ] (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of California sciænoid food +fishes, especially Roncador Stearnsi, which is an excellent market +fish, and the red roncador (Corvina, or Johnius, saturna). + +Ron"chil (?), n. [Cf. Sp. ronquillo slightly hoarse.] (Zoöl.) An +American marine food fish (Bathymaster signatus) of the North Pacific +coast, allied to the tilefish. [Written also ronquil.] + +Ron"co (?), n. [Sp. ronco hoarse.] (Zoöl.) See Croaker, n., 2. (a). +[Texas] + +||Ron`dache" (?), n. [F.] (Anc. Armor.) A circular shield carried by +||foot soldiers. + +||Ronde (?), n. [F.] (Print.) A kind of script in which the heavy +||strokes are nearly upright, giving the characters when taken together +||a round look. + +Ron*deau" (?), n. [F. See Roundel.] [Written also rondo.] 1. A species +of lyric poetry so composed as to contain a refrain or repetition which +recurs according to a fixed law, and a limited number of rhymes +recurring also by rule. + +When the rondeau was called the rondel it was mostly written in +fourteen octosyllabic lines of two rhymes, as in the rondels of Charles +d'Orleans. . . . In the 17th century the approved form of the rondeau +was a structure of thirteen verses with a refrain. Encyc. Brit. + +2. (Mus.) See Rondo, 1. + +Ron"del (?), n. [Cf. Rondeau, Roundel.] 1. (Fort.) A small round tower +erected at the foot of a bastion. [Obs.] + +2. [F.] (a) Same as Rondeau. (b) Specifically, a particular form of +rondeau containing fourteen lines in two rhymes, the refrain being a +repetition of the first and second lines as the seventh and eighth, and +again as the thirteenth and fourteenth. E. W. Gosse. + +||Ron`de*le"ti*a (?), n. [NL. So named after William Rondelet, a French +||naturalist.] (Bot.) A tropical genus of rubiaceous shrubs which often +||have brilliant flowers. + +Ron"dle (?), n. [Cf. Rondel.] 1. A rondeau. [Obs.] Spenser. + +2. A round mass, plate, or disk; especially (Metal.), the crust or +scale which forms upon the surface of molten metal in the crucible. + +Ron"do (?), n. [It. rondò, fr. F. rondeau. See Rondeau.] 1. (Mus.) A +composition, vocal or instrumental, commonly of a lively, cheerful +character, in which the first strain recurs after each of the other +strains. "The Rondo-form was the earliest and most frequent definite +mold for musical construction." Grove. + +2. (Poetry) See Rondeau, 1. + +Ron"dure (?), n. [Cf. F. rondeur roundness.] 1. A round; a circle. +[Obs.] Shak. + +2. Roundness; plumpness. [R.] + + High-kirtled for the chase, and what was shown Of maiden rondure, + like the rose half-blown. + + +Lowell. + +Rong (?), obs. imp. & p. p. of Ring. Chaucer. + +Rong, n. Rung (of a ladder). [Obs.] Chaucer. + +||Ron`geur" (?), n. [F., fr. ronger to gnaw.] (Surg.) An instrument for +||removing small rough portions of bone. + +{ Ron"ion, Ron"yon } (?), n. [F. rogne scab, mange.] A mangy or scabby +creature. + + "Aroint thee, with!" the rump-fed ronyon cries. + + +Shak. + +Ron"ne (?), obs. imp. pl., and Ron"nen (&?;), obs. p. p. of Renne, to +run. Chaucer. + +Ront (?), n. [See Runt.] A runt. [Obs.] Spenser. + +Rood (rd), n. [AS. rd a cross; akin to OS. rda, D. roede rod, G. ruthe, +rute, OHG. ruota. Cf. Rod a measure.] 1. A representation in sculpture +or in painting of the cross with Christ hanging on it. + +Generally, the Trinity is represented, the Father as an elderly man +fully clothed, with a nimbus around his head, and holding the cross on +which the Son is represented as crucified, the Holy Spirit descending +in the form of a dove near the Son's head. Figures of the Virgin Mary +and of St. John are often placed near the principal figures. + + Savior, in thine image seen Bleeding on that precious rood. + + +Wordsworth. + +2. A measure of five and a half yards in length; a rod; a perch; a +pole. [Prov. Eng.] + +3. The fourth part of an acre, or forty square rods. + +By the rood, by the cross; -- a phrase formerly used in swearing. "No, +by the rood, not so." Shak. -- Rood beam (Arch.), a beam across the +chancel of a church, supporting the rood. -- Rood loft (Arch.), a loft +or gallery, in a church, on which the rood and its appendages were set +up to view. Gwilt. -- Rood screen (Arch.), a screen, between the choir +and the body of the church, over which the rood was placed. Fairholt. +-- Rood tower (Arch.), a tower at the intersection of the nave and +transept of a church; -- when crowned with a spire it was called also +rood steeple. Weale. -- Rood tree, the cross. [Obs.] "Died upon the +rood tree." Gower. + +Roo"de*bok (?), n. [D. rood red + bok buck.] (Zoöl.) The pallah. + +Rood"y (?), a. Rank in growth. [Prov. Eng.] + +Roof (?), n. [OE. rof, AS. hr&?;f top, roof; akin to D. roef cabin, +Icel. hr&?;f a shed under which ships are built or kept; cf. OS. +hr&?;st roof, Goth. hr&?;t. Cf. Roost.] 1. (Arch.) The cover of any +building, including the roofing (see Roofing) and all the materials and +construction necessary to carry and maintain the same upon the walls or +other uprights. In the case of a building with vaulted ceilings +protected by an outer roof, some writers call the vault the roof, and +the outer protection the roof mask. It is better, however, to consider +the vault as the ceiling only, in cases where it has farther covering. + +2. That which resembles, or corresponds to, the covering or the ceiling +of a house; as, the roof of a cavern; the roof of the mouth. + + The flowery roof Showered roses, which the morn repaired. + + +Milton. + +3. (Mining.) The surface or bed of rock immediately overlying a bed of +coal or a flat vein. + +Bell roof, French roof, etc. (Arch.) See under Bell, French, etc. -- +Flat roof. (Arch.) (a) A roof actually horizontal and level, as in some +Oriental buildings. (b) A roof nearly horizontal, constructed of such +material as allows the water to run off freely from a very slight +inclination. -- Roof plate. (Arch.) See Plate, n., 10. + +Roof (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Roofed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Roofing.] 1. +To cover with a roof. + + I have not seen the remains of any Roman buildings that have not + been roofed with vaults or arches. + + +Addison. + +2. To inclose in a house; figuratively, to shelter. + + Here had we now our country's honor roofed. + + +Shak. + +Roof"er (?), n. One who puts on roofs. + +Roof"ing, n. 1. The act of covering with a roof. + +2. The materials of which a roof is composed; materials for a roof. +Gwilt. + +3. Hence, the roof itself; figuratively, shelter. "Fit roofing gave." +Southey. + +4. (Mining) The wedging, as of a horse or car, against the top of an +underground passage. Raymond. + +Roof"less, a. 1. Having no roof; as, a roofless house. + +2. Having no house or home; shelterless; homeless. + +Roof"let (?), n. A small roof, covering, or shelter. + +Roof"tree` (?), n. The beam in the angle of a roof; hence, the roof +itself. + + Now for me the woods may wither, now for me the rooftree fall. + + +Tennyson. + +Roof`y (?), a. Having roofs. [R.] Dryden. + +Rook (rk), n. Mist; fog. See Roke. [Obs.] + +Rook, v. i. To squat; to ruck. [Obs.] Shak. + +Rook, n. [F. roc (cf. Sp. roque), fr. Per. & Ar. rokh, or rukh, the +rook or castle at chess, also the bird roc (in this sense perhaps a +different word); cf. Hind. rath a war chariot, the castle at chess, +Skr. ratha a car, a war car. Cf. Roll.] (Chess) One of the four pieces +placed on the corner squares of the board; a castle. + +Rook, n. [AS. hrc; akin to OHG. hruoh, ruoh, ruoho, Icel. hrkr, Sw. +roka, Dan. raage; cf. Goth. hrukjan to crow.] 1. (Zoöl.) A European +bird (Corvus frugilegus) resembling the crow, but smaller. It is black, +with purple and violet reflections. The base of the beak and the region +around it are covered with a rough, scabrous skin, which in old birds +is whitish. It is gregarious in its habits. The name is also applied to +related Asiatic species. + + The rook . . . should be treated as the farmer's friend. + + +Pennant. + +2. A trickish, rapacious fellow; a cheat; a sharper. Wycherley. + +Rook, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Rooked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Rooking.] To +cheat; to defraud by cheating. "A band of rooking officials." Milton. + +Rook"er*y (?), n.; pl. Rookeries (&?;). 1. The breeding place of a +colony of rooks; also, the birds themselves. Tennyson. + +2. A breeding place of other gregarious birds, as of herons, penguins, +etc. + +3. The breeding ground of seals, esp. of the fur seals. + +4. A dilapidated building with many rooms and occupants; a cluster of +dilapidated or mean buildings. + +5. A brothel. [Low] + +Rook"y (-), a. [See Roky.] Misty; gloomy. [Obs.] + + Light thickens, and the crow Makes wing to the rooky wood. + + +Shak. + +Some make this Shakespearean word mean "abounding in rooks." + +Room (rm), n. [OE. roum, rum, space, AS. rm; akin to OS., OFries. & +Icel. rm, D. ruim, G. raum, OHG. rm, Sw. & Dan. rum, Goth. rms, and to +AS. rm, adj., spacious, D. ruim, Icel. rmr, Goth. rms; and prob. to L. +rus country (cf. Rural), Zend ravah wide, free, open, ravan a plain.] +1. Unobstructed spase; space which may be occupied by or devoted to any +object; compass; extent of place, great or small; as, there is not room +for a house; the table takes up too much room. + + Lord, it is done as thou hast commanded, and yet there is room. + + +Luke xiv. 22. + + There was no room for them in the inn. + + +Luke ii. 7. + +2. A particular portion of space appropriated for occupancy; a place to +sit, stand, or lie; a seat. + + If he have but twelve pence in his purse, he will give it for the + best room in a playhouse. + + +Overbury. + + When thou art bidden of any man to a wedding, sit not down in the + highest room. + + +Luke xiv. 8. + +3. Especially, space in a building or ship inclosed or set apart by a +partition; an apartment or chamber. + + I found the prince in the next room. + + +Shak. + +4. Place or position in society; office; rank; post; station; also, a +place or station once belonging to, or occupied by, another, and +vacated. [Obs.] + + When he heard that Archelaus did reign in Judea in the room of his + father Herod. + + +Matt. ii. 22. + + Neither that I look for a higher room in heaven. + + +Tyndale. + + Let Bianca take her sister's room. + + +Shak. + +5. Possibility of admission; ability to admit; opportunity to act; fit +occasion; as, to leave room for hope. + + There was no prince in the empire who had room for such an + alliance. + + +Addison. + +Room and space (Shipbuilding), the distance from one side of a rib to +the corresponding side of the next rib; space being the distance +between two ribs, in the clear, and room the width of a rib. -- To give +room, to withdraw; to leave or provide space unoccupied for others to +pass or to be seated. -- To make room, to open a space, way, or +passage; to remove obstructions; to give room. + + Make room, and let him stand before our face. + + +Shak. + +Syn. -- Space; compass; scope; latitude. + +Room (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Roomed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Rooming.] To +occupy a room or rooms; to lodge; as, they arranged to room together. + +Room, a. [AS. rm.] Spacious; roomy. [Obs.] + + No roomer harbour in the place. + + +Chaucer. + +Room"age (?), n. [From Room. CF. Rummage.] Space; place; room. [Obs.] +Sir H. Wotton. + +Room"er (?), n. A lodger. [Colloq.] + +Room"er (?), adv. [See Room, a.] At a greater distance; farther off. +[Obs.] Sir J. Harrington. + +Room"ful (?), a. Abounding with room or rooms; roomy. "A roomful +house." [R.] Donne. + +Room"ful, n.; pl. Roomfuls (&?;). As much or many as a room will hold; +as, a roomful of men. Swift. + +Room"i*ly (?), adv. Spaciously. + +Room"i*ness, n. The quality or state of being roomy; spaciousness; as, +the roominess of a hall. + +Room"less, a. Being without room or rooms. Udall. + +Room"mate` (?), n. One of twe or more occupying the same room or rooms; +one who shares the occupancy of a room or rooms; a chum. + +Room"some (?), a. Roomy. [Obs.] Evelyn. + +Roomth (?), n. Room; space. [Obs.] Drayton. + +Roomth"y (?), a. Roomy; spacious. [Obs.] Fuller. + +Room"y (?), a. Having ample room; spacious; large; as, a roomy mansion; +a roomy deck. Dryden. + +Roon (?), a. & n. Vermilion red; red. [R.] + + Her face was like the lily roon. + + +J. R. Drake. + +Roop (?), n. See Roup. [Prov. Eng.] + +{ Roor"back, Roor"bach } (?), n. A defamatory forgery or falsehood +published for purposes of political intrigue. [U.S.] + +The word originated in the election canvass of 1844, when such a +forgery was published, to the detriment of James K. Polk, a candidate +for President, purporting to be an extract from the "Travels of Baron +Roorbach." + +Roo"sa oil` (?). The East Indian name for grass oil. See under Grass. + +Roost (?), n. Roast. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Roost (?), v. t. See Roust, v. t. + +Roost, n. [AS. hrst; akin to OD. roest roost, roesten to roost, and +probably to E. roof. Cf. Roof.] 1. The pole or other support on which +fowls rest at night; a perch. + + He clapped his wings upon his roost. + + +Dryden. + +2. A collection of fowls roosting together. + +At roost, on a perch or roost; hence, retired to rest. + +Roost, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Roosted; p. pr. & vb. n. Roosting.] 1. To +sit, rest, or sleep, as fowls on a pole, limb of a tree, etc.; to +perch. Wordsworth. + +2. Fig.; To lodge; to rest; to sleep. + + O, let me where thy roof my soul hath hid, O, let me roost and + nestle there. + + +Herbert. + +Roost"cock` (?), n. The male of the domestic fowl; a cock. [Prov. Eng.] +Halliwell. + +Roost"er (?), n. The male of the domestic fowl; a cock. [U.S.] + + Nor, when they [the Skinners and Cow Boys] wrung the neck of a + rooster, did they trouble their heads whether he crowed for + Congress or King George. + + +W. Irving. + +Root (?), v. i. [AS. wrtan; akin to wrt a snout, trunk, D. wroeten to +root, G. rüssel snout, trunk, proboscis, Icel. rta to root, and perhaps +to L. rodere to gnaw (E. rodent) or to E. root, n.] 1. To turn up the +earth with the snout, as swine. + +2. Hence, to seek for favor or advancement by low arts or groveling +servility; to fawn servilely. + +Root, v. t. To turn up or to dig out with the snout; as, the swine +roots the earth. + +Root, n. [Icel. rt (for vrt); akin to E. wort, and perhaps to root to +turn up the earth. See Wort.] 1. (Bot.) (a) The underground portion of +a plant, whether a true root or a tuber, a bulb or rootstock, as in the +potato, the onion, or the sweet flag. (b) The descending, and commonly +branching, axis of a plant, increasing in length by growth at its +extremity only, not divided into joints, leafless and without buds, and +having for its offices to fix the plant in the earth, to supply it with +moisture and soluble matters, and sometimes to serve as a reservoir of +nutriment for future growth. A true root, however, may never reach the +ground, but may be attached to a wall, etc., as in the ivy, or may hang +loosely in the air, as in some epiphytic orchids. + +<! p. 1251 !> + +2. An edible or esculent root, especially of such plants as produce a +single root, as the beet, carrot, etc.; as, the root crop. + +3. That which resembles a root in position or function, esp. as a +source of nourishment or support; that from which anything proceeds as +if by growth or development; as, the root of a tooth, a nail, a cancer, +and the like. Specifically: (a) An ancestor or progenitor; and hence, +an early race; a stem. + + They were the roots out of which sprang two distinct people. + + +Locke. + +(b) A primitive form of speech; one of the earliest terms employed in +language; a word from which other words are formed; a radix, or +radical. (c) The cause or occasion by which anything is brought about; +the source. "She herself . . . is root of bounty." Chaucer. + + The love of money is a root of all kinds of evil. + + +1 Tim. vi. 10 (rev. Ver.) + +(d) (Math.) That factor of a quantity which when multiplied into itself +will produce that quantity; thus, 3 is a root of 9, because 3 +multiplied into itself produces 9; 3 is the cube root of 27. (e) (Mus.) +The fundamental tone of any chord; the tone from whose harmonics, or +overtones, a chord is composed. Busby. + +(f) The lowest place, position, or part. "Deep to the roots of hell." +Milton. "The roots of the mountains." Southey. + +4. (Astrol.) The time which to reckon in making calculations. + + When a root is of a birth yknowe [known]. + + +Chaucer. + +Aërial roots. (Bot.) (a) Small roots emitted from the stem of a plant +in the open air, which, attaching themselves to the bark of trees, +etc., serve to support the plant. (b) Large roots growing from the +stem, etc., which descend and establish themselves in the soil. See +Illust. of Mangrove. -- Multiple primary root (Bot.), a name given to +the numerous roots emitted from the radicle in many plants, as the +squash. -- Primary root (Bot.), the central, first-formed, main root, +from which the rootlets are given off. -- Root and branch, every part; +wholly; completely; as, to destroy an error root and branch. -- +Root-and-branch men, radical reformers; -- a designation applied to the +English Independents (1641). See Citation under Radical, n., 2. -- Root +barnacle (Zoöl.), one of the Rhizocephala. -- Root hair (Bot.), one of +the slender, hairlike fibers found on the surface of fresh roots. They +are prolongations of the superficial cells of the root into minute +tubes. Gray. -- Root leaf (Bot.), a radical leaf. See Radical, a., 3 +(b). -- Root louse (Zoöl.), any plant louse, or aphid, which lives on +the roots of plants, as the Phylloxera of the grapevine. See +Phylloxera. -- Root of an equation (Alg.), that value which, +substituted for the unknown quantity in an equation, satisfies the +equation. -- Root of a nail (Anat.), the part of a nail which is +covered by the skin. -- Root of a tooth (Anat.), the part of a tooth +contained in the socket and consisting of one or more fangs. -- +Secondary roots (Bot.), roots emitted from any part of the plant above +the radicle. -- To strike root, To take root, to send forth roots; to +become fixed in the earth, etc., by a root; hence, in general, to +become planted, fixed, or established; to increase and spread; as, an +opinion takes root. "The bended twigs take root." Milton. + +Root (rt), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rooted; p. pr. & vb. n. Rooting.] 1. To +fix the root; to enter the earth, as roots; to take root and begin to +grow. + + In deep grounds the weeds root deeper. + + +Mortimer. + +2. To be firmly fixed; to be established. + + If any irregularity chanced to intervene and to cause + misappehensions, he gave them not leave to root and fasten by + concealment. + + +Bp. Fell. + +Root, v. t. 1. To plant and fix deeply in the earth, or as in the +earth; to implant firmly; hence, to make deep or radical; to establish; +-- used chiefly in the participle; as, rooted trees or forests; rooted +dislike. + +2. To tear up by the root; to eradicate; to extirpate; -- with up, out, +or away. "I will go root away the noisome weeds." Shak. + + The Lord rooted them out of their land . . . and cast them into + another land. + + +Deut. xxix. 28. + +Root"cap` (rt"kp`), n. (Bot.) A mass of parenchymatous cells which +covers and protects the growing cells at the end of a root; a +pileorhiza. + +Root"ed, a. Having taken root; firmly implanted; fixed in the heart. "A +rooted sorrow." Shak. + +-- Root"ed*ly, adv. -- Root"ed*ness, n. + +Rooter (?), n. One who, or that which, roots; one that tears up by the +roots. + +Root"er*y, n. A pile of roots, set with plants, mosses, etc., and used +as an ornamental object in gardening. + +Root"less, a. Destitute of roots. + +Root"let (?), n. A radicle; a little root. + +Root"stock` (?), n. (Bot.) A perennial underground stem, producing +leafly s&?;ems or flower stems from year to year; a rhizome. + +Root"y (?), a. Full of roots; as, rooty ground. + +Ro*pal"ic (?), a. See Rhopalic. + +Rope (?), n. [AS. rp; akin to D. reep, G. reif ring hoop, Icel. reip +rope, Sw. rep, Dan. reb, reeb Goth. skaudaraip latchet.] 1. A large, +stout cord, usually one not less than an inch in circumference, made of +strands twisted or braided together. It differs from cord, line, and +string, only in its size. See Cordage. + +2. A row or string consisting of a number of things united, as by +braiding, twining, etc.; as, a rope of onions. + +3. pl. The small intestines; as, the ropes of birds. + +Rope ladder, a ladder made of ropes. -- Rope mat., a mat made of +cordage, or strands of old rope. -- Rope of sand, something of no +cohession or fiber; a feeble union or tie; something not to be relied +upon. -- Rope pump, a pump in which a rapidly running endless rope +raises water by the momentum communicated to the water by its adhesion +to the rope. -- Rope transmission (Mach.), a method of transmitting +power, as between distant places, by means of endless ropes running +over grooved pulleys. -- Rope's end, a piece of rope; especially, one +used as a lash in inflicting punishment. -- To give one rope, to give +one liberty or license; to let one go at will uncheked. + +Rope (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Roped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Roping.] To be +formed into rope; to draw out or extend into a filament or thread, as +by means of any glutinous or adhesive quality. + + Let us not hang like ropingicicles Upon our houses' thatch. + + +Shak. + +Rope, v. t. 1. To bind, fasten, or tie with a rope or cord; as, to rope +a bale of goods. Hence: -- + +2. To connect or fasten together, as a party of mountain climbers, with +a rope. + +3. To partition, separate, or divide off, by means of a rope, so as to +include or exclude something; as, to rope in, or rope off, a plot of +ground; to rope out a crowd. + +4. To lasso (a steer, horse). [Colloq. U.S.] + +5. To draw, as with a rope; to entice; to inveigle; to decoy; as, to +rope in customers or voters. [Slang, U.S.] + +6. To prevent from winning (as a horse), by pulling or curbing. [Racing +Slang, Eng.] + +Rope"band` (?), n. (Naut.) A small piece of spun yarn or marline, used +to fasten the head of the sail to the spar. [Written also roband, and +robbin.] + +Rope"dan`cer (?), n. One who dances, walks, or performs acrobatic +feats, on a rope extended through the air at some height. -- +Rope"dan`cing, n. + +Rop"er (?), n. 1. A maker of ropes. P. Plowman. + +2. One who ropes goods; a packer. + +3. One fit to be hanged. [Old Slang] Douce. + +Rop"er*y (?), n. 1. A place where ropes are made. + +2. Tricks deserving the halter; roguery. [Obs.] "Saucy merchant . . . +so full of his ropery." Shak. + +Rope's"-end` (?), v. t. To punish with a rope's end. + +Rope"walk` (?), a. A long, covered walk, or a low, level building, +where ropes are manufactured. + +Rope"walk`er (?), n. A ropedancer. + +Rope"-yarn` (?), n. the yarn or thread of any stuff of which the +strands of a rope are made. + +Rop"i*ly (?), adv. In a ropy manner; in a viscous or glutinous manner. + +Rop"i*ness, n. Quality of being ropy; viscosity. + +Rop"ish, a. Somewhat ropy. + +Rop"y (?), a. capable of being drawn into a thread, as a glutinous +substance; stringy; viscous; tenacious; glutinous; as ropy sirup; ropy +lees. + +Roq"ue*laure (?; 277), n. [F.; so called after Duc de Roquelaure, in +the reign of Louis XIV.] A cloak reaching about to, or just below, the +knees, worn in the 18th century. [Written also roquelo.] + +Ro*quet" (?), v. t. [Etymol. uncertain] (Croquet) To hit, as another's +ball, with one's own ball. + +Ro*quet", v. i. To hit another's ball with one's own. + +Ro"ral (?), a. [L. ros, roris, dew.] Of or pertaining to dew; +consisting of dew; dewy. [R.] M. Green. + +Ro*ra"tion (?), n. [L. roratio, fr. rorare to drop dew, fr. ros dew.] A +falling of dew. [R.] + +Ro"ric (?), a. [L. ros, roris, dew.] Of or pertaining to dew; +resembling dew; dewy. + +Roric figures (Physics), figures which appear upon a polished surface, +as glass, when objects which have been near to, or in contact with, the +surface are removed and the surface breathed upon; -- called also +Moser's images. + +Ro"rid (?), a. [L. roridus, fr. ros, roris, dew.] Dewy; bedewed. [R.] +T. Granger. + +Ro*rif"er*ous (?), a. [L. rorifer; ros, roris, dew + ferre to bear: cf. +F. rorifère.] generating or producing dew. [R.] + +Ro*rif"lu*ent (?), a. [L. ros, roris, dew + fluens, p. pr. of fluere to +flow.] Flowing with dew. [R.] + +Ror"qual (?), n. [Norw. rorqualus a whale with folds.] (Zoöl.) A very +large North Atlantic whalebone whale (Physalus antiquorum, or +Balænoptera physalus). It has a dorsal fin, and strong longitudinal +folds on the throat and belly. Called also razorback. + +It is one of the largest of the whales, somethimes becoming nearly one +hundred feet long, but it is more slender than the right whales, and is +noted for its swiftness. The name is sometimes applied to other related +species of finback whales. + +Ro"ru*lent (?), a. [L. rorulentus, from ros, roris, dew.] 1. Full of, +or abounding in, dew. [R.] + +2. (Zoöl.) Having the surface appearing as if dusty, or covered with +fine dew. + +Ro"ry (?), a. [L. ros, roris, dew.] Dewy. [R.] + + And shook his wings with rory May-dew wet. + + +Fairfax. + +Ro*sa"ceous (?), a. [L. rosaceus, fr. rosa rose.] 1. (Bot.) (a) Of or +pertaining to a natural order of plants (Rosaceæ) of which the rose is +the type. It includes also the plums and cherries, meadowsweet, +brambles, the strawberry, the hawthorn, applies, pears, service trees, +and quinces. (b) Like a rose in shape or appearance; as, a rosaceous +corolla. + +2. Of a pure purpish pink color. + +Ro*sac"ic (?), a. [See Rosaceous.] (Old med. Chem.) Pertaining to, or +designating, an acid (called also lithic acid) found in certain red +precipitates of urine. See Uric. [Obs.] + +Ro*sal"gar (?), n. realgar. [Obs.] chaucer. + +||Ro*sa"li*a (?), n. [Cf. F. rosalie.] (Mus.) A form of melody in which +||a phrase or passage is successively repeated, each time a step or +||half step higher; a melodic sequence. + +Ros*an"i*line (? or ?), n. [Rose + aniline.] (Chem.) A complex +nitrogenous base, C20H21N3O, obtained by oxidizing a mixture of aniline +and toluidine, as a colorless crystalline substance which forms red +salts. These salts are essential components of many of the socalled +aniline dyes, as fuchsine, aniline red, etc. By extension, any one of +the series of substances derived from, or related to, rosaniline +proper. + +Ro*sa"ri*an (?), n. A cultivator of roses. + +Ro"sa*ry (?), n.; pl. Rosaries (#). [LL. rosarium a string of beads, L. +rosarium a place planted with roses, rosa a rose: cf. F. rosaire. See +Rose.] 1. A bed of roses, or place where roses grow. "Thick rosaries of +scented thorn." Tennyson. + +2. (R.C.Ch.) A series of prayers (see Note below) arranged to be +recited in order, on beads; also, a string of beads by which the +prayers are counted. + + His idolized book, and the whole rosary of his prayers. + + +Milton. + +A rosary consists of fifteen decades. Each decade contains ten Ave +Marias marked by small beads, preceded by a Paternoster, marked by a +larger bead, and concluded by a Gloria Patri. Five decades make a +chaplet, a third part of the rosary. Bp. Fitzpatrick. + +3. A chapelet; a garland; a series or collection, as of beautiful +thoughts or of literary selections. + + Every day propound to yourself a rosary or chaplet of good works to + present to God at night. + + +Jer. Taylor. + +4. A coin bearing the figure of a rose, fraudulently circulated in +Ireland in the 13th century for a penny. + +Rosary shell (Zoöl.), any marine gastropod shell of the genus +Monodonta. They are top-shaped, bright-colored and pearly. + +Ros"cid (?), a. [L. roscidus, fr. ros, roris, dew.] Containing, or +consisting of, dew; dewy. [R.] Bacon. + +Ros"coe*lite (?), n. [From an English chemist, H.E. Roscoe + -lite.] +(Min.) A green micaceous mineral occurring in minute scales. It is +essentially a silicate of aluminia and potash containing vanadium. + +Rose (?), imp. of Rise. + +Rose, n. [AS. rose, L. rosa, probably akin to Gr. &?;, Armor. vard, +OPer. vareda; and perhaps to E. wort: cf. F. rose, from the Latin. Cf. +Copperas, Rhododendron.] 1. A flower and shrub of any species of the +genus Rosa, of which there are many species, mostly found in the +morthern hemispere + +Roses are shrubs with pinnate leaves and usually prickly stems. The +flowers are large, and in the wild state have five petals of a color +varying from deep pink to white, or sometimes yellow. By cultivation +and hybridizing the number of petals is greatly increased and the +natural perfume enhanced. In this way many distinct classes of roses +have been formed, as the Banksia, Baurbon, Boursalt, China, Noisette, +hybrid perpetual, etc., with multitudes of varieties in nearly every +class. + +2. A knot of ribbon formed like a rose; a rose knot; a rosette, esp. +one worn on a shoe. Sha. + +3. (Arch.) A rose window. See Rose window, below. + +4. A perforated nozzle, as of a pipe, spout, etc., for delivering water +in fine jets; a rosehead; also, a strainer at the foot of a pump. + +5. (Med.) The erysipelas. Dunglison. + +6. The card of the mariner's compass; also, a circular card with +radiating lines, used in other instruments. + +7. The color of a rose; rose-red; pink. + +8. A diamond. See Rose diamond, below. + +Cabbage rose, China rose, etc. See under Cabbage, China, etc. -- Corn +rose (Bot.) See Corn poppy, under Corn. -- Infantile rose (Med.), a +variety of roseola. -- Jamaica rose. (Bot.) See under Jamaica. -- Rose +acacia (Bot.), a low American leguminous shrub (Robinia hispida) with +handsome clusters of rose-colored blossoms. -- Rose aniline. (Chem.) +Same as Rosaniline. -- Rose apple (Bot.), the fruit of the tropical +myrtaceous tree Eugenia Jambos. It is an edible berry an inch or more +in diameter, and is said to have a very strong roselike perfume. -- +Rose beetle. (Zoöl.) (a) A small yellowish or buff longlegged beetle +(Macrodactylus subspinosus), which eats the leaves of various plants, +and is often very injurious to rosebushes, apple trees, grapevines, +etc. Called also rose bug, and rose chafer. (b) The European chafer. -- +Rose bug. (Zoöl.) same as Rose beetle, Rose chafer. -- Rose burner, a +kind of gas-burner producing a rose-shaped flame. -- Rose camphor +(Chem.), a solid odorless substance which separates from rose oil. -- +Rose campion. (Bot.) See under Campion. -- Rose catarrh (Med.), rose +cold. -- Rose chafer. (Zoöl.) (a) A common European beetle (Cetonia +aurata) which is often very injurious to rosebushes; -- called also +rose beetle, and rose fly. (b) The rose beetle (a). -- Rose cold +(Med.), a variety of hay fever, sometimes attributed to the inhalation +of the effluvia of roses. See Hay fever, under Hay. -- Rose color, the +color of a rose; pink; hence, a beautiful hue or appearance; fancied +beauty, attractiveness, or promise. <! p. 1252 !> -- Rose de Pompadour, +Rose du Barry, names succesively given to a delicate rose color used on +Sèvres porcelain. -- Rose diamond, a diamond, one side of which is +flat, and the other cut into twenty-four triangular facets in two +ranges which form a convex face pointed at the top. Cf. Brilliant, n. +-- Rose ear. See under Ear. -- Rose elder (Bot.), the Guelder-rose. -- +Rose engine, a machine, or an appendage to a turning lathe, by which a +surface or wood, metal, etc., is engraved with a variety of curved +lines. Craig. -- Rose family (Bot.) the Roseceæ. See Rosaceous. -- Rose +fever (Med.), rose cold. -- Rose fly (Zoöl.), a rose betle, or rose +chafer. -- Rose gall (Zoöl.), any gall found on rosebushes. See +Bedeguar. -- Rose knot, a ribbon, or other pliade band plaited so as to +resemble a rose; a rosette. -- Rose lake, Rose madder, a rich tint +prepared from lac and madder precipitated on an earthy basis. Fairholt. +-- Rose mallow. (Bot.) (a) A name of several malvaceous plants of the +genus Hibiscus, with large rose-colored flowers. (b) the hollyhock. -- +Rose nail, a nail with a convex, faceted head. -- Rose noble, an +ancient English gold coin, stamped with the figure of a rose, first +struck in the reign of Edward III., and current at 6s. 8d. Sir W. +Scott. -- Rose of China. (Bot.) See China rose (b), under China. -- +Rose of Jericho (Bot.), a Syrian cruciferous plant (Anastatica +Hierochuntica) which rolls up when dry, and expands again when +moistened; -- called also resurrection plant. - - Rose of Sharon +(Bot.), an ornamental malvaceous shrub (Hibiscus Syriacus). In the +Bible the name is used for some flower not yet identified, perhaps a +Narcissus, or possibly the great lotus flower. -- Rose oil (Chem.), the +yellow essential oil extracted from various species of rose blossoms, +and forming the chief part of attar of roses. -- Rose pink, a pigment +of a rose color, made by dyeing chalk or whiting with a decoction of +Brazil wood and alum; also, the color of the pigment. -- Rose quartz +(Min.), a variety of quartz which is rose- red. -- Rose rash. (Med.) +Same as Roseola. -- Rose slug (Zoöl.), the small green larva of a black +sawfly (Selandria rosæ). These larvæ feed in groups on the parenchyma +of the leaves of rosebushes, and are often abundant and very +destructive. -- Rose window (Arch.), a circular window filled with +ornamental tracery. Called also Catherine wheel, and marigold window. +Cf. wheel window, under Wheel. -- Summer rose (Med.), a variety of +roseola. See Roseola. -- Under the rose [a translation of L. sub rosa], +in secret; privately; in a manner that forbids disclosure; -- the rose +being among the ancients the symbol of secrecy, and hung up at +entertainments as a token that nothing there said was to be divulged. +-- Wars of the Roses (Eng. Hist.), feuds between the Houses of York and +Lancaster, the white rose being the badge of the House of York, and the +red rose of the House of Lancaster. + +Rose (?), v. t. 1. To render rose-colored; to redden; to flush. +[Poetic] "A maid yet rosed over with the virgin crimson of modesty." +Shak. + +2. To perfume, as with roses. [Poetic] Tennyson. + +Ro"se*al (?), a. [L. roseus, fr. rosa a rose.] resembling a rose in +smell or color. [Obs.] Sir T. Elyot. + +Ro"se*ate (?), a. [Cf. L. roseus, rosatus, prepared from roses. See +Roseal, Rose.] 1. Full of roses; rosy; as, roseate bowers. + +2. resembling a rose in color or fragrance; esp., tinged with rose +color; blooming; as, roseate beauty; her roseate lips. + +Roseate tern (Zoöl.), an American and European tern (Sterna Dougalli) +whose breast is roseate in the breeding season. + +Rose"bay` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) the oleander. [Obs.] (b) Any shrub of the +genus Rhododendron. [U.S.] (c) An herb (Epilobium spicatum) with showy +purple flowers, common in Europe and North America; -- called also +great willow herb. + +Rose"bud` (?), n. The flower of a rose before it opens, or when but +partially open. + +Rose"bush` (?), n. The bush or shrub which bears roses. + +Rose"-col`ored (?), a. 1. Having the color of a pink rose; rose-pink; +of a delicate pink color. + +2. Uncommonly beautiful; hence, extravagantly fine or pleasing; +alluring; as, rose-colored anticipations. + +Rose"-cut` (?), a. Cut flat on the reverse, and with a convex face +formed of triangular facets in rows; - - said of diamonds and other +precious stones. See Rose diamond, under Rose. Cf. Brilliant, n. + +Rose"drop`, n. 1. A lozenge having a rose flavor. + +2. A kind of earring. Simmonds. + +3. (Med.) A ruddy eruption upon the nose caused by drinking ardent +spirits; a grog blossom. + +Rose"finch (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of Asiatic +finches of the genera Carpodacus, and Propasser, and allied genera, in +which the male is more or less colored with rose red. + +Rose"fish` (?), n. (Zoöl.) A large marine scorpænoid food fish +(Sebastes marinus) found on the northern coasts of Europe and America. +called also red perch, hemdurgan, Norway haddok, and also, erroneously, +snapper, bream, and bergylt. + +When full grown it is usually bright rose-red or orange-red; the young +are usually mottled with red and ducky brown. + +Rose"head` (?), n. 1. See Rose, n., 4. + +2. A many-sided pyramidal head upon a nail; also a nail with such a +head. + +Ro"se*ine (? or ?), n. See Magenta. + +Ro"se*lite (?), n. [From the German mineralogist G. Rose + -lite.] +(Min.) A hydrous arsenite of cobalt, occuring in small red crystals, +allied to erythrite. + +||Ro"sel"la (?), n. [NL., dim. of L. rosa rose.] (Zoöl.) A beautiful +||Australian parrakeet (Platycercus eximius) often kept as a cage bird. +||The head and back of the neck are scarlet, the throat is white, the +||back dark green varied with lighter green, and the breast yellow. + +Ro*selle" (?), n. (Bot.) a malvaceous plant (Hibiscus Sabdariffa) +cultivated in the east and West Indies for its fleshy calyxes, which +are used for making tarts and jelly and an acid drink. + +Rose`mal"oes (?), n. [From the native name; cf. Malay rasamla the name +of the tree.] The liquid storax of the East Indian Liquidambar +orientalis. + +Rose"ma*ry (?), n. [OE. rosmarine, L. rosmarinus; ros dew (cf. Russ. +rosa, Lith. rasa, Skr. rasa juice) + marinus marine: cf. F. romarin. In +English the word has been changed as if it meant the rose of Mary. See +Marine.] A labiate shrub (Rosmarinus officinalis) with narrow grayish +leaves, growing native in the southern part of France, Spain, and +Italy, also in Asia Minor and in China. It has a fragrant smell, and a +warm, pungent, bitterish taste. It is used in cookery, perfumery, etc., +and is an emblem of fidelity or constancy. + + There's rosemary, that's for remembrance. + + +Shak. + +Marsh rosemary. (a) A little shrub (Andromeda polifolia) growing in +cold swamps and having leaves like those of the rosemary. (b) See under +Marsh. -- Rosemary pine, the loblolly pine. See under Loblolly. + +Ros"en (?), a. Consisting of roses; rosy. [Obs.] + +Ro"sen*mül`ler's or"gan (?). [So named from its first describer, J. C. +Rosenmüller, a German anatomist.] (Anat.) The parovarium. + +Ro"se*o- (?). (Chem.) A prefix (also used adjectively) signifying +rose-red; specifically used to designate certain rose-red compounds +(called roseo-cobaltic compounds) of cobalt with ammonia. Cf. Luteo-. + +||Ro*se"o*la (?), n. [NL., dim. of L. rosa a rose.] (med.) A +||rose-colored efflorescence upon the skin, occurring in circumscribed +||patches of little or no elevation and often alternately fading and +||reviving; also, an acute specific disease which is characterized by +||an eruption of this character; -- called also rose rash. -- +||Ro*se"o*lous (#), a. + +Rose"-pink` (?), a. 1. Having a pink color like that of the rose, or +like the pigment called rose pink. See Rose pink, under Rose. + +2. Disposed to clothe everything with roseate hues; hence, sentimental. +"Rose-pink piety." C. Kingsley. + +Ros"er (?), n. A rosier; a rosebush. [Obs.] + +Rose"-red` (?), a. Red as a rose; specifically (Zoöl.), of a pure +purplish red color. Chaucer. + +Rose"-ri`al (?), n. [See Rose, and Royal.] A name of several English +gold coins struck in different reigns and having having different +values; a rose noble. + +Rose"root` (?), n. (Bot.) A fleshy-leaved herb (Rhodiola rosea); +rosewort; -- so called because the roots have the odor of roses. + +Ros"er*y (?), n. A place where roses are cultivated; a nursery of +roses. See Rosary, 1. + +Ro"set (?), n. [F. rosette. See Rosette.] A red color used by painters. +Peacham. + +Ro-set"ta stone` (?). A stone found at Rosetta, in Egypt, bearing a +trilingual inscription, by aid of which, with other inscriptions, a key +was obtained to the hieroglyphics of ancient Egypt. Brande & C. + +Ro*set"ta wood` (?). An east Indian wood of a reddish orange color, +handsomely veined with darker marks. It is occasionally used for +cabinetwork. Ure. + +Ro*sette (?), n. [F., dim. of rose a rose. Cf. Roset.] 1. An imitation +of a rose by means of ribbon or other material, -- used as an ornament +or a badge. + +2. (Arch.) An ornament in the form of a rose or roundel, -much used in +decoration. + +3. A red color. See Roset. + +4. A rose burner. See under Rose. + +5. (Zoöl.) (a) Any structure having a flowerlike form; especially, the +group of five broad ambulacra on the upper side of the spatangoid and +clypeastroid sea urchins. See Illust. of Spicule, and Sand dollar, +under Sand. (b) A flowerlike color marking; as, the rosettes on the +leopard. + +Rose" wa`ter (?). Water tinctured with roses by distillation. + +Rose"-wa`ter, a. Having the odor of rose water; hence, affectedly nice +or delicate; sentimental. "Rose-water philanthropy." Carlyle. + +Rose"wood (?), n. A valuable cabinet wood of a dark red color, streaked +and variegated with black, obtained from several tropical leguminous +trees of the genera Dalbergia and Machærium. The finest kind is from +Brazil, and is said to be from the Dalbergia nigra. + +African rosewood, the wood of the leguminous tree Pterocarpus +erinaceus. -- Jamaica rosewood, the wood of two West Indian trees +(Amyris balsamifera, and Linocieria ligustrina). -- New South Wales +rosewood, the wood of Trichilia glandulosa, a tree related to the +margosa. + +Rose"worm` (?), n. (Zoöl.) The larva of any one of several species of +lepidopterous insects which feed upon the leaves, buds, or blossoms of +the rose, especially Cacæcia rosaceana, which rolls up the leaves for a +nest, and devours both the leaves and buds. + +Rose"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) Roseroot. (b) Any plant nearly related to +the rose. Lindley. + +Ros`i*cru"cian (?), n. [The name is probably due to a German +theologian, Johann Valentin Andreä, who in anonymous pamphlets called +himself a knight of the Rose Cross (G. Rosenkreuz), using a seal with a +St. Andrew's cross and four roses.)] One who, in the 17th century and +the early part of the 18th, claimed to belong to a secret society of +philosophers deeply versed in the secrets of nature, -- the alleged +society having existed, it was stated, several hundred years. + +The Rosicrucians also called brothers of the Rosy Cross, Rosy-cross +Knights, Rosy-cross philosophers, etc. Among other pretensions, they +claimed to be able to transmute metals, to prolong life, to know what +is passing in distant places, and to discover the most hidden things by +the application of the Cabala and science of numbers. + +Ros`i*cru"cian (?), a. Of or pertaining to the Rosicrucians, or their +arts. + +Ros"ied (?), a. Decorated with roses, or with the color of roses. + +Ro"sier (?), n. [F., fr. L. rosarius of roses. Cf. Rosary.] A rosebush; +roses, collectively. [Obs.] + + Crowned with a garland of sweet rosier. + + +Spenser. + +Ros"i*ly (?), adv. In a rosy manner. M. Arnold. + +Ros"in (?), n. [A variant of resin.] The hard, amber-colored resin left +after distilling off the volatile oil of turpentine; colophony. + +Rosin oil, an oil obtained from the resin of the pine tree, -- used by +painters and for lubricating machinery, etc. + +Ros"in, v. t. To rub with rosin, as musicians rub the bow of a violin. + + Or with the rosined bow torment the string. + + +Gay. + +Ros"i*ness (?), n. The quality of being rosy. + +Ros"in*weed` (?), n. (Bot.) (a) The compass plant. See under Compass. +(b) A name given in California to various composite plants which +secrete resins or have a resinous smell. + +Ros"in*y (?), a. like rosin, or having its qualities. + +Ros"land (?), n. [W. rhos a meadow, a moor + E. land.] heathy land; +land full of heather; moorish or watery land. [prov. Eng.] + +Ros"ma*rine` (?), n. [OE. See Rosemary.] 1. Dew from the sea; sea dew. +[Obs.] + + That purer brine And wholesome dew called rosmarine. + + +B. Jonson. + +2. Rosemary. [Obs.] Spenser. "Biting on anise seed and rosmarine." Bp. +Hall. + +Ros"ma*rine, n. [Norw. rosmar a walrus; ros a horse (akin to E. horse) ++ (probably) mar the sea.] A fabulous sea animal which was reported to +climb by means of its teeth to the tops of rocks to feed upon the dew. + + And greedly rosmarines with visages deforme. + + +Spenser. + +Ro*sol"ic (?), a. [Rose + carbolic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or +designating, a complex red dyestuff (called rosolic acid) which is +analogous to rosaniline and aurin. It is produced by oxidizing a +mixture of phenol and cresol, as a dark red amorphous mass, C20H16O3, +which forms weak salts with bases, and stable ones with acids. Called +also methyl aurin, and, formerly, corallin. + +Ross (?); 115), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] The rough, scaly matter on the +surface of the bark of trees. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.] + +Ross, v. t. To divest of the ross, or rough, scaly surface; as, to ross +bark. [Local, U.S.] + +Ros"sel (?), n. Light land; rosland. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Mortimer. + +Ros"sel cur`rent (?). [From Rossel Island, in the Louisiade +Archipelago.] (Oceanography) A portion of the southern equatorial +current flowing westward from the Fiji Islands to New Guinea. [Webster +1913 Suppl.] + +Ros"sel*ly (?), a. Loose; light. [Obs.] Mortimer. + +Rost (?), n. See Roust. [Scot.] Jamieson. + +Ros"tel (?), n. [L. rostellum, dim. of rostrum a beak: cf. F. +rostelle.] same as Rostellum. + +Ros*tel"lar (?), a. Pertaining to a rostellum. + +Ros"tel*late (?), a. [NL. rostellatus.] Having a rostellum, or small +beak; terminating in a beak. + +Ros*tel"li*form (?), a. Having the form of a rostellum, or small beak. + +||Ros*tel"lum (?), n.; pl. Rostella (#). [L. See Rostel.] A small +||beaklike process or extension of some part; a small rostrum; as, the +||rostellum of the stigma of violets, or of the operculum of many +||mosses; the rostellum on the head of a tapeworm. + +Ros"ter (?), n. [Perhaps a corruption of register; or cf. roll.] (Mil.) +A register or roll showing the order in which officers, enlisted men, +companies, or regiments are called on to serve. + +Ros"tra (?), n. pl. See Rostrum, 2. + +Ros"tral (?), a. [L. rostralis, fr. rostrum a beak; cf. F. rostral.] Of +or pertaining to the beak or snout of an animal, or the beak of a ship; +resembling a rostrum, esp., the rostra at Rome, or their decorations. + + [Monuments] adorned with rostral crowns and naval ornaments. + + +Addison. + +{ Ros"trate (?), Ros"tra*ted (?) }, a. [L. rostratus, fr. rostrum a +beak. See Rostrum.] 1. Having a process resembling the beak of a bird; +beaked; rostellate. + +2. Furnished or adorned with beaks; as, rostrated galleys. + +||Ros*trif"e*ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. rostrum beak + ferre to bear.] +||(Zoöl.) A division of pectinibranchiate gastropods, having the head +||prolonged into a snout which is not retractile. + +Ros"tri*form (?), a. [L. rostrum a beak + -form: cf. F. rostrifarme.] +Having the form of a beak. + +||Ros"tru*lum (-tr*lm), n.; pl. Rostrula (#). [NL., dim. of L. rostrum +||a beak.] A little rostrum, or beak, as of an insect. + +Ros"trum (-trm), n.; pl. L. Rostra (#), E. Rostrums (#). [L., beak, +ship's beak, fr. rodere, rosum, to gnaw. See Rodent.] 1. The beak or +head of a ship. + +<! p. 1253 !> + +2. pl. (Rostra) (Rom. Antiq.) The Beaks; the stage or platform in the +forum where orations, pleadings, funeral harangues, etc., were +delivered; -- so called because after the Latin war, it was adorned +with the beaks of captured vessels; later, applied also to other +platforms erected in Rome for the use of public orators. + +3. Hence, a stage for public speaking; the pulpit or platform occupied +by an orator or public speaker. + + Myself will mount the rostrum in his favor. + + +Addison. + +4. (Zoöl.) (a) Any beaklike prolongation, esp. of the head of an +animal, as the beak of birds. (b) The beak, or sucking mouth parts, of +Hemiptera. (c) The snout of a gastropod mollusk. See Illust. of +Littorina. (d) The anterior, often spinelike, prolongation of the +carapace of a crustacean, as in the lobster and the prawn. + +5. (Bot.) Same as Rostellum. + +6. (Old Chem.) The pipe to convey the distilling liquor into its +receiver in the common alembic. Quincy. + +7. (Surg.) A pair of forceps of various kinds, having a beaklike form. +[Obs.] Coxe. + +Ro"su*late (?), a. [NL. rosulatus, fr. L. rosa a rose.] (Bot.) Arranged +in little roselike clusters; -- said of leaves and bracts. + +Ros"y (?), a. [Compar. Rosier (?); superl. Rosiest.] Resembling a rose +in color, form, or qualities; blooming; red; blushing; also, adorned +with roses. + + A smile that glowed Celestial rosy-red, love's proper hue. + + +Milton. + + While blooming youth and gay delight Sit thy rosy cheeks confessed. + + +Prior. + +Rosy is sometimes used in the formation of self&?;xplaining compounde; +as, rosy-bosomed, rosy- colored, rosy-crowned, rosy-fingered, rosy- +tinted. + +Rosy cross. See the Note under Rosicrucian, n. + +Rot (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rotted; p. pr. & vb. n. Rotting.] [OE. +rotien, AS. rotian; akin to D. rotten, Prov. G. rotten, OHG. rozz&?;n, +G. rösten to steep flax, Icel. rotna to rot, Sw. ruttna, Dan. raadne, +Icel. rottin rotten. √117. Cf. Ret, Rotten.] 1. To undergo a +process common to organic substances by which they lose the cohesion of +their parts and pass through certain chemical changes, giving off +usually in some stages of the process more or less offensive odors; to +become decomposed by a natural process; to putrefy; to decay. + + Fixed like a plant on his peculiar spot, To draw nutrition, + propagate, and rot. + + +Pope. + +2. Figuratively: To perish slowly; to decay; to die; to become corrupt. + + Four of the sufferers were left to rot in irons. + + +Macaulay. + + Rot, poor bachelor, in your club. + + +Thackeray. + +Syn. -- To putrefy; corrupt; decay; spoil. + +Rot, v. t. 1. To make putrid; to cause to be wholly or partially +decomposed by natural processes; as, to rot vegetable fiber. + +2. To expose, as flax, to a process of maceration, etc., for the +purpose of separating the fiber; to ret. + +Rot, n. 1. Process of rotting; decay; putrefaction. + +2. (Bot.) A disease or decay in fruits, leaves, or wood, supposed to be +caused by minute fungi. See Bitter rot, Black rot, etc., below. + +3. [Cf. G. rotz glanders.] A fatal distemper which attacks sheep and +sometimes other animals. It is due to the presence of a parasitic worm +in the liver or gall bladder. See 1st Fluke, 2. + + His cattle must of rot and murrain die. + + +Milton. + +Bitter rot (Bot.), a disease of apples, caused by the fungus +Glæosporium fructigenum. F. L. Scribner. -- Black rot (Bot.), a disease +of grapevines, attacking the leaves and fruit, caused by the fungus +Læstadia Bidwellii. F. L. Scribner. -- Dry rot (Bot.) See under Dry. -- +Grinder's rot (Med.) See under Grinder. -- Potato rot. (Bot.) See under +Potato. -- White rot (Bot.), a disease of grapes, first appearing in +whitish pustules on the fruit, caused by the fungus Coniothyrium +diplodiella. F. L. Scribner. + +||Ro"ta (?), n. [L. rota wheel. The name is said to allude to the +||design of the floor of the room in which the court used to sit, which +||was that of a wheel. See Rotary.] 1. An ecclesiastical court of Rome, +||called also Rota Romana, that takes cognizance of suits by appeal. It +||consists of twelve members. + +2. (Eng. Hist.) A short-lived political club established in 1659 by +J.Harrington to inculcate the democratic doctrine of election of the +principal officers of the state by ballot, and the annual retirement of +a portion of Parliament. + +Ro"ta (?), n. (Mus.) A species of zither, played like a guitar, used in +the Middle Ages in church music; -- written also rotta. + +Ro"ta*cism (?), n. See Rhotacism. + +Ro"tal (?), a. Relating to wheels or to rotary motion; rotary. [R.] + +Ro"ta*lite (?), n. [L. rota wheel + -lite.] (Paleon.) Any fossil +foraminifer of the genus Rotalia, abundant in the chalk formation. See +Illust. under Rhizopod. + +Ro"ta*ry (?), a. [L. rota a wheel. See Roll, v., and cf. barouche, +Rodomontade, Roué, Round, a., Rowel.] Turning, as a wheel on its axis; +pertaining to, or resembling, the motion of a wheel on its axis; +rotatory; as, rotary motion. + +Rotary engine, steam engine in which the continuous rotation of the +shaft is produced by the direct action of the steam upon rotating +devices which serve as pistons, instead of being derived from a +reciprocating motion, as in the ordinary engine; a steam turbine; -- +called also rotatory engine. -- Rotary pump, a pump in which the fluid +is impelled by rotating devices which take the place of reciprocating +buckets or pistons. -- Rotary shears, shears, as for cloth, metal, +etc., in which revolving sharp-edged or sharp-cornered wheels do the +cutting. -- Rotary valve, a valve acting by continuous or partial +rotation, as in the four-way cock. + +Ro"ta*scope (?), n. [L. rota a wheel + -scope.] Same as Gyroscope, 1. + +Ro"tate (?), a. [L. rotatus, p. p. of rotare to turn round like a +wheel, fr. rota wheel. See Rotary, and cf. Roue.] Having the parts +spreading out like a wheel; wheel-shaped; as, a rotate spicule or +scale; a rotate corolla, i.e., a monopetalous corolla with a flattish +border, and no tube or a very short one. + +Ro"tate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rotated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Rotating.] 1. To turn, as a wheel, round an axis; to revolve. + +2. To perform any act, function, or operation in turn, to hold office +in turn; as, to rotate in office. + +Ro"tate, v. i. 1. To cause to turn round or revolve, as a wheel around +an axle. + +2. To cause to succeed in turn; esp., to cause to succeed some one, or +to be succeeded by some one, in office. [Colloq.] "Both, after a brief +service, were rotated out of office." Harper's Mag. + +Ro"ta*ted (?), a. Turned round, as a wheel; also, wheel-shaped; rotate. + +Ro*ta"tion (?), n. [L. rotatio: cf. F. rotation.] 1. The act of +turning, as a wheel or a solid body on its axis, as distinguished from +the progressive motion of a revolving round another body or a distant +point; thus, the daily turning of the earth on its axis is a rotation; +its annual motion round the sun is a revolution. + +2. Any return or succesion in a series. + +Moment of rotation. See Moment of inertia, under Moment. -- Rotation in +office, the practice of changing public officers at frequent intervals +by discharges and substitutions. -- Rotation of crops, the practices of +cultivating an orderly succession of different crops on the same land. + +Ro*ta"tion (?), a. Pertaining to, or resulting from, rotation; of the +nature of, or characterized by, rotation; as, rotational velocity. + +Ro"ta*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. rotatif.] turning, as a wheel; rotary; +rotational. + + This high rotative velocity of the sun must cause an equatorial + rise of the solar atmosphere. + + +Siemens. + +Rotative engine, a steam engine in which the reciprocating motion of +the piston is transformed into a continuous rotary motion, as by means +of a connecting rod, a working beam and crank, or an oscillating +cylinder. + +Ro*ta"tor (?), n. [L.] 1. (Anat.) that which gives a rotary or rolling +motion, as a muscle which partially rotates or turns some part on its +axis. + +2. (Metal.) A revolving reverberatory furnace. + +||Ro`ta*to"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) Same as Rotifera. + +Ro"ta*to*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. rotatoire. See Rotate, Rotary.] 1. Turning +as on an axis; rotary. + +2. Going in a circle; following in rotation or succession; as, rotatory +assembles. Burke. + +3. (Opt.) Producing rotation of the plane of polarization; as, the +rotatory power of bodies on light. See the Note under polarization. +Nichol. + +Ro"ta*to*ry, n. (Zoöl.) A rotifer. [R.] Kirby. + +Rotche (?), n. (Zoöl.) A very small arctic sea bird (Mergulus alle, or +Alle alle) common on both coasts of the Atlantic in winter; -- called +also little auk, dovekie, rotch, rotchie, and sea dove. + +Rotch"et (?), n. (Zoöl.) The European red gurnard (Trigla pini). + +Rote (?), n. A root. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Rote (?), n. [OE. rote, probably of German origin; cf. MHG. rotte, OHG. +rota, hrota, LL. chrotta. Cf. Crowd a kind of violin.] (Mus.) A kind of +guitar, the notes of which were produced by a small wheel or wheel-like +arrangement; an instrument similar to the hurdy-gurdy. + + Well could he sing and play on a rote. + + +Chaucer. + + extracting mistuned dirges from their harps, crowds, and rotes. + + +Sir W. Scott. + +Rote, n. [Cf. Rut roaring.] The noise produced by the surf of the sea +dashing upon the shore. See Rut. + +Rote, n. [OF. rote, F. route, road, path. See Route, and cf. Rut a +furrow, Routine.] A frequent repetition of forms of speech without +attention to the meaning; mere repetition; as, to learn rules by rote. +Swift. + + till he the first verse could [i. e., knew] all by rote. + + +Chaucer. + + Thy love did read by rote, and could not spell. + + +Shak. + +Rote, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Roted; p. pr. & vb. n. Roting.] To learn or +repeat by rote. [Obs.] Shak. + +Rote, v. i. To go out by rotation or succession; to rotate. [Obs.] Z. +Grey. + +Ro*tel"la (?), n. [NL., dim. of rota wheel; cf. LL. rotella a little +whell.] (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of small, polished, +brightcolored gastropods of the genus Rotella, native of tropical seas. + +Rot"gut (?), n. 1. Bad small beer. [Slang] + +2. Any bad spirituous liquor, especially when adulterated so as to be +very deleterious. [Slang] + +Roth"er (?), a. [AS. hryðer; cf. D. rund.] (Zoöl.) Bovine. -- n. A +bovine beast. [Obs.] Shak. + +Rother beasts, cattle of the bovine genus; black cattle. [Obs.] +Golding. -- Rother soil, the dung of rother beasts. + +Roth"er, n. [OE. See Rudder.] A rudder. + +Rother nail, a nail with a very full head, used for fastening the +rudder irons of ships; -- so called by shipwrights. + +Ro"ti*fer (?; 277), n. [NL. see Rotifera.] (Zoöl.) One of the Rotifera. +See Illust. in Appendix. + +||Ro*tif"e*ra (?), n.; pl. [NL., from L. rota &?; wheel + ferre to +||bear.] (Zoöl.) An order of minute worms which usually have one or two +||groups of vibrating cilia on the head, which, when in motion, often +||give an appearance of rapidly revolving wheels. The species are very +||numerous in fresh waters, and are very diversified in form and +||habits. + +Ro"ti*form (?), a. [L. rota wheel + -form.] 1. Wheel-shaped; as, +rotiform appendages. + +2. (Bot.) Same as Rotate. + +Rot"ta (?), n. (Mus.) See Rota. + +Rot"ten (?), a. [Icel. rotinn; akin to Sw. rutten, Dan. radden. See +Rot.] Having rotted; putrid; decayed; as, a rotten apple; rotten meat. +Hence: (a) Offensive to the smell; fetid; disgusting. + + You common cry of curs! whose breath I hate As reek of the rotten + fens. + + +Shak. + +(b) Not firm or trusty; unsound; defective; treacherous; unsafe; as, a +rotten plank, bone, stone. "The deepness of the rotten way." Knolles. + +Rotten borough. See under Borough. -- Rotten stone (Min.), a soft +stone, called also Tripoli (from the country from which it was formerly +brought), used in all sorts of finer grinding and polishing in the +arts, and for cleaning metallic substances. The name is also given to +other friable siliceous stones applied to like uses. + +Syn. -- Putrefied; decayed; carious; defective; unsound; corrupt; +deceitful; treacherous. + +-- Rot"ten*ly, adv. -- Rot"ten*ness, n. + +||Rot"u*la (?), n. [L., a little wheel; cf. It. rotula.] (Anat.) The +||patella, or kneepan. + +Rot"u*lar (?), a. [L. rotula, dim. of rota wheel.] (Anat.) Of or +pertaining to the rotula, or kneepan. + +Ro*tund" (?), a. [L. rotundus. See Round, and cf. Rotunda.] 1. Round; +circular; spherical. + +2. Hence, complete; entire. + +3. (Bot.) Orbicular, or nearly so. Gray. + +Ro*tund", n. A rotunda. [Obs.] Burke. + +Ro*tun"da (?), n. [Cf. It. rotonda, F. rotonde; both fr. L. rotundus +round. See Rotund, a.] (Arch.) A round building; especially, one that +is round both on the outside and inside, like the Pantheon at Rome. +Less properly, but very commonly, used for a large round room; as, the +rotunda of the Capitol at Washington. + +Ro*tund"ate (?), a. Rounded; especially, rounded at the end or ends, or +at the corners. + +Ro*tund`i*fo"li*ous (?), a. [L. rotundus round + folium a leaf.] (Bot.) +Having round leaves. + +Ro*tund"i*ty (?), n. [L. rotunditas: cf. F. rotondité.] 1. The state or +quality of being rotu&?;; roundness; sphericity; circularity. + + Smite flat the thick rotundity o'the world! + + +Shak. + +2. Hence, completeness; entirety; roundness. + + For the more rotundity of the number and grace of the matter, it + passeth for a full thousand. + + +Fuller. + + A boldness and rotundity of speech. + + +Hawthorne. + +Ro*tund"ness, n. Roundness; rotundity. + +Ro*tun"do (?), n. See Rotunda. + +Ro*tur"er (?), n. A roturier. [Obs.] Howell. + +||Ro`tu`rier" (?), n. [F.] A person who is not of noble birth; specif., +||a freeman who during the prevalence of feudalism held allodial land. + +Rot"y (?), v. t. [See Rot.] To make rotten. [Obs.] + + Well bet is rotten apple out of hoard, Than that it roty all the + remenant. + + +Chaucer. + +||Rou"ble (?), n. A coin. See Ruble. + +Rouche (?), n. See Ruche. + +||Rou`é" (?), n. [F., properly p. p. of rouer to break upon the wheel, +||fr. roue a wheel, L. rota. See Rotate, Rotary.] One devoted to a life +||of sensual pleasure; a debauchee; a rake. + +||Rou`et" (?), n. [F.] A small wheel formerly fixed to the pan of +||firelocks for discharging them. Crabb. + +Rouge (?), a. [F., fr. L. rubeus red, akin to rubere to be red, ruber +red. See Red.] red. [R.] + +||Rouge et noir (&?;) [F., red and black], a game at cards in which +||persons play against the owner of the bank; -- so called because the +||table around which the players sit has certain compartments colored +||red and black, upon which the stakes are deposited. Hoyle. + +Rouge, n. [F.] 1. (Chem.) A red amorphous powder consisting of ferric +oxide. It is used in polishing glass, metal, or gems, and as a +cosmetic, etc. Called also crocus, jeweler's rouge, etc. + +2. A cosmetic used for giving a red color to the cheeks or lips. The +best is prepared from the dried flowers of the safflower, but it is +often made from carmine. Ure. + +Rouge, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rouged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Rouging .] To +paint the face or cheeks with rouge. + +Rouge, v. t. To tint with rouge; as, to rouge the face or the cheeks. + +Rouge`croix" (? or ?), n. [F., literally, red cross.] (Her.) One of the +four pursuivants of the English college of arms. + +Rouge" drag`on (?), n. [F., literally, red dragon.] (Her.) One of the +four pursuivants of the English college of arms. + +<! p. 1254 !> + +Rough (?), a. [Compar. Rougher (?); superl. Roughest.] [OE. rou&?;, +rou, row, rugh, ruh, AS. r&?;h; akin to LG. rug, D. rug, D. ruig, ruw, +OHG. r&?;h, G. rauh, rauch; cf. Lith. raukas wrinkle, rukti to wrinkle. +√ 18. Cf. Rug, n.] 1. Having inequalities, small ridges, or +points, on the surface; not smooth or plain; as, a rough board; a rough +stone; rough cloth. Specifically: (a) Not level; having a broken +surface; uneven; -- said of a piece of land, or of a road. "Rough, +uneven ways." Shak. + +(b) Not polished; uncut; -- said of a gem; as, a rough diamond. (c) +Tossed in waves; boisterous; high; -- said of a sea or other piece of +water. + + More unequal than the roughest sea. + + +T. Burnet. + +(d) Marked by coarseness; shaggy; ragged; disordered; -- said of dress, +appearance, or the like; as, a rough coat. "A visage rough." Dryden. +"Roughsatyrs." Milton. + +2. Hence, figuratively, lacking refinement, gentleness, or polish. +Specifically: (a) Not courteous or kind; harsh; rude; uncivil; as, a +rough temper. + + A fiend, a fury, pitiless and rough. + + +Shak. + + A surly boatman, rough as wayes or winds. + + +Prior. + +(b) Marked by severity or violence; harsh; hard; as, rough measures or +actions. + + On the rough edge of battle. + + +Milton. + + A quicker and rougher remedy. + + +Clarendon. + + Kind words prevent a good deal of that perverseness which rough and + imperious usage often produces. + + +Locke. + +(c) Loud and hoarse; offensive to the ear; harsh; grating; -- said of +sound, voice, and the like; as, a rough tone; rough numbers. Pope. + +(d) Austere; harsh to the taste; as, rough wine. (e) Tempestuous; +boisterous; stormy; as, rough weather; a rough day. + + He stayeth his rough wind. + + +Isa. xxvii. 8. + + Time and the hour runs through the roughest day. + + +Shak. + +(f) Hastily or carelessly done; wanting finish; incomplete; as, a rough +estimate; a rough draught. + +Rough diamond, an uncut diamond; hence, colloquially, a person of +intrinsic worth under a rude exterior. -- Rough and ready. (a) Acting +with offhand promptness and efficiency. "The rough and ready +understanding." Lowell. + +(b) Produced offhand. "Some rough and ready theory." Tylor. + +Rough, n. 1. Boisterous weather. [Obs.] Fletcher. + +2. A rude fellow; a coarse bully; a rowdy. + +In the rough, in an unwrought or rude condition; unpolished; as, a +diamond or a sketch in the rough. + + Contemplating the people in the rough. + + +Mrs. Browning. + +Rough, adv. In a rough manner; rudely; roughly. + + Sleeping rough on the trenches, and dying stubbornly in their + boats. + + +Sir W. Scott. + +Rough, v. t. 1. To render rough; to roughen. + +2. To break in, as a horse, especially for military purposes. Crabb. + +3. To cut or make in a hasty, rough manner; -- with out; as, to rough +out a carving, a sketch. + +Roughing rolls, rolls for reducing, in a rough manner, a bloom of iron +to bars. -- To rough it, to endure hard conditions of living; to live +without ordinary comforts. + +Rough`cast" (?), v. t. 1. To form in its first rudiments, without +revision, correction, or polish. Dryden. + +2. To mold without nicety or elegance; to form with asperities and +inequalities. + +3. To plaster with a mixture of lime and shells or pebbles; as, to +roughcast a building. + +Rough"cast`, n. 1. A rude model; the rudimentary, unfinished form of a +thing. + +2. A kind of plastering made of lime, with a mixture of shells or +pebbles, used for covering buildings. Shak. + +Rough"cast`er (?), n. One who roughcasts. + +Rough"draw` (?), v. t. To draw or delineate rapidly and by way of a +first sketch. + +Rough"dry` (?), v. t. in laundry work, to dry without smoothing or +ironing. + +Rough"en (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Roughened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Roughening.] [From Rough.] To make rough. + +Rough"en, v. i. To grow or become rough. + +Rough"-foot`ed (?), a. (Zoöl.) Feather-footed; as, a rough-footed dove. +[R.] Sherwood. + +Rough"-grained (?), a. Having a rough grain or fiber; hence, +figuratively, having coarse traits of character; not polished; brisque. + +Rough"head` (?), n. (Zoöl.) The redfin. + +Rough"hew` (?), v. t. 1. To hew coarsely, without smoothing; as, to +roughhew timber. + +2. To give the first form or shape to; to form rudely; to shape +approximately and rudely; to roughcast. + + There's a divinity that shapes our ends, Roughhew them how we will. + + +Shak. + +Rough"hew`er (?), n. One who roughhews. + +Rough"hewn` (?), a. 1. Hewn coarsely without smoothing; unfinished; not +polished. + +2. Of coarse manners; rude; uncultivated; rough-grained. "A roughhewn +seaman." Bacon. + +Rough"ing-in` (?), n. The first coat of plaster laid on brick; also, +the process of applying it. + +Rough"ings (?), n. pl. Rowen. [Prov. Eng.] + +Rough"ish, a. Somewhat rough. + +Rough"leg` (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of large hawks of +the genus Archibuteo, having the legs feathered to the toes. Called +also rough-legged hawk, and rough-legged buzzard. + +The best known species is Archibuteo lagopus of Northern Europe, with +its darker American variety (Sancti- johannis). The latter is often +nearly or quite black. The ferruginous roughleg (Archibuteo +ferrugineus) inhabits Western North America. + +Rough"-legged` (?), a. (Zoöl.) Having the legs covered with feathers; +-- said of a bird. + +rough-legged hawk. (Zoöl.) See Roughleg. + +Rough"ly, adv. In a rough manner; unevenly; harshly; rudely; severely; +austerely. + +Rough"ness, n. The quality or state of being rough. + +Rough"rid`er (?), n. One who breaks horses; especially (Mil.), a +noncommissioned officer in the British cavalry, whose duty is to assist +the riding master. + +Rough"scuff (?), n. [Rough + scuff.] A rough, coarse fellow; +collectively, the lowest class of the people; the rabble; the riffraff. +[Colloq. U.S.] + +Rough"set`ter (?), n. A mason who builds rough stonework. + +Rough"shod (?), a. Shod with shoes armed with points or calks; as, a +roughshod horse. + +To ride roughshod, to pursue a course regardless of the pain or +distress it may cause others. + +Rough"strings` (?), n. pl. (Capr.) Pieces of undressed timber put under +the steps of a wooden stair for their support. + +Rought (?), obs. imp. of Reach. + +Rought, obs. imp. of Reck, to care. Chaucer. + +Rough"tail` (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any species of small ground snakes of the +family Uropeltidæ; -- so called from their rough tails. + +Rough"work` (?), v. t. To work over coarsely, without regard to nicety, +smoothness, or finish. Moxon. + +Rough"wrought` (?), a. Wrought in a rough, unfinished way; worked over +coarsely. + +Rouk (?), v. i. See 5th Ruck, and Roke. [Obs.] + +||Rou`lade" (?), n. [F.] (Mus.) A smoothly running passage of short +||notes (as semiquavers, or sixteenths) uniformly grouped, sung upon +||one long syllable, as in Handel's oratorios. + +||Rou`leau" (?), n.; pl. F. Rouleaux (F. &?;; E. &?;), E. Rouleaus (#). +||[F., a roll, dim. fr. fr. rôle, formerly also spelt roulle. See +||Roll.] A little roll; a roll of coins put up in paper, or something +||resembling such a roll. + +Rou*lette" (?), n. [F., properly, a little wheel or ball. See Rouleau, +Roll.] 1. A game of chance, in which a small ball is made to move round +rapidly on a circle divided off into numbered red and black spaces, the +one on which it stops indicating the result of a variety of wagers +permitted by the game. + +2. (Fine Arts) (a) A small toothed wheel used by engravers to roll over +a plate in order to order to produce rows of dots. (b) A similar wheel +used to roughen the surface of a plate, as in making alterations in a +mezzotint. + +3. (Geom.) the curve traced by any point in the plane of a given curve +when the latter rolls, without sliding, over another fixed curve. See +Cycloid, and Epycycloid. + +Rou"ly-pou`ly (?), n. See Rolly- pooly. + +{ Roun, Rown (?) }, v. i. & t. [AS. r&?;nian, fr. r&?;n a rune, secret, +mystery; akin to G. raunen to whisper. See Rune.] To whisper. [obs.] +Gower. + + Another rouned to his fellow low. + + +Chaucer. + +Rounce (rouns), n. [Cf. F. ronce bramble, brier, thorn, ranche a round, +step, rack, or E. round.] (Print.) The handle by which the bed of a +hand press, holding the form of type, etc., is run in under the platen +and out again; -- sometimes applied to the whole apparatus by which the +form is moved under the platen. + +Roun"ce*val (?), a. [F. Ronceval, Roncevaux, a town at the foot of the +foot of the Pyrenees, Sp. Roncesvalles.] Large; strong; -- from the +gigantic bones shown at Roncesvalles, and alleged to be those of old +heroes. [Obs.] + +Roun"ce*val, n. A giant; anything large; a kind of pea called also +marrowfat. [Obs.] + +Roun"cy (?), n. A common hackney horse; a nag. [Obs.] + + he rode upon a rouncy as he could. + + +Chaucer. + +Round (?), v. i. & t. [From Roun.] To whisper. [obs.] Shak. Holland. + + The Bishop of Glasgow rounding in his ear, "Ye are not a wise man," + . . . he rounded likewise to the bishop, and said, "Wherefore + brought ye me here?" + + +Calderwood. + +Round, a. [OF. roond, roont, reond, F. rond, fr. L. rotundus, fr. rota +wheel. See Rotary, and cf. Rotund, roundel, Rundlet.] 1. Having every +portion of the surface or of the circumference equally distant from the +center; spherical; circular; having a form approaching a spherical or a +circular shape; orbicular; globular; as, a round ball. "The big, round +tears." Shak. + + Upon the firm opacous globe Of this round world. + + +Milton. + +2. Having the form of a cylinder; cylindrical; as, the barrel of a +musket is round. + +3. Having a curved outline or form; especially, one like the arc of a +circle or an ellipse, or a portion of the surface of a sphere; rotund; +bulging; protuberant; not angular or pointed; as, a round arch; round +hills. "Their round haunches gored." Shak. + +4. Full; complete; not broken; not fractional; approximately in even +units, tens, hundreds, thousands, etc.; -- said of numbers. + + Pliny put a round number near the truth, rather than the fraction. + + +Arbuthnot. + +5. Not inconsiderable; large; hence, generous; free; as, a round price. + + Three thousand ducats; 'tis a good round sum. + + +Shak. + + Round was their pace at first, but slackened soon. + + +Tennyson. + +6. Uttered or emitted with a full tone; as, a round voice; a round +note. + +7. (Phonetics) Modified, as a vowel, by contraction of the lip opening, +making the opening more or less round in shape; rounded; labialized; +labial. See Guide to Pronunciation, § 11. + +8. Outspoken; plain and direct; unreserved; unqualified; not mincing; +as, a round answer; a round oath. "The round assertion." M. Arnold. + + Sir Toby, I must be round with you. + + +Shak. + +9. Full and smoothly expanded; not defective or abrupt; finished; +polished; -- said of style, or of authors with reference to their +style. [Obs.] + + In his satires Horace is quick, round, and pleasant. + + +Peacham. + +10. Complete and consistent; fair; just; -- applied to conduct. + + Round dealing is the honor of man's nature. + + +Bacon. + +At a round rate, rapidly. Dryden. -- In round numbers, approximately in +even units, tens, hundreds, etc.; as, a bin holding 99 or 101 bushels +may be said to hold in round numbers 100 bushels. -- Round bodies +(Geom.), the sphere right cone, and right cylinder. -- Round clam +(Zoöl.), the quahog. -- Round dance one which is danced by couples with +a whirling or revolving motion, as the waltz, polka, etc. -- Round +game, a game, as of cards, in which each plays on his own account. -- +Round hand, a style of penmanship in which the letters are formed in +nearly an upright position, and each separately distinct; -- +distinguished from running hand. -- Round robin. [Perhaps F. round +round + ruban ribbon.] (a) A written petition, memorial, remonstrance, +protest, etc., the signatures to which are made in a circle so as not +to indicate who signed first. "No round robins signed by the whole main +deck of the Academy or the Porch." De Quincey. (b) (Zoöl.) The cigar +fish. -- Round shot, a solid spherical projectile for ordnance. -- +Round Table, the table about which sat King Arthur and his knights. See +Knights of the Round Table, under Knight. -- Round tower, one of +certain lofty circular stone towers, tapering from the base upward, and +usually having a conical cap or roof, which crowns the summit, -- found +chiefly in Ireland. They are of great antiquity, and vary in heigh from +thirty-five to one hundred and thiry feet. -- Round trot, one in which +the horse throws out his feet roundly; a full, brisk, quick trot. +Addison. -- Round turn (Naut.), one turn of a rope round a timber, a +belaying pin, etc. -- To bring up with a round turn, to stop abruptly. +[Colloq.] + +Syn. -- Circular; spherical; globular; globase; orbicular; orbed; +cylindrical; full; plump; rotund. + +Round (?), n. 1. Anything round, as a circle, a globe, a ring. "The +golden round" [the crown]. Shak. + + In labyrinth of many a round self- rolled. + + +Milton. + +2. A series of changes or events ending where it began; a series of +like events recurring in continuance; a cycle; a periodical revolution; +as, the round of the seasons; a round of pleasures. + +3. A course of action or conduct performed by a number of persons in +turn, or one after another, as if seated in a circle. + + Women to cards may be compared: we play A round or two; which used, + we throw away. + + +Granville. + + The feast was served; the bowl was crowned; To the king's pleasure + went the mirthful round. + + +Prior. + +4. A series of duties or tasks which must be performed in turn, and +then repeated. + + the trivial round, the common task. + + +Keble. + +5. A circular dance. + + Come, knit hands, and beat the ground, In a light fantastic round. + + +Milton. + +6. That which goes round a whole circle or company; as, a round of +applause. + +7. Rotation, as in office; succession. Holyday. + +8. The step of a ladder; a rundle or rung; also, a crosspiece which +joins and braces the legs of a chair. + + All the rounds like Jacob's ladder rise. + + +Dryden. + +9. A course ending where it began; a circuit; a beat; especially, one +freguently or regulary traversed; also, the act of traversing a +circuit; as, a watchman's round; the rounds of the postman. + +10. (Mil.) (a) A walk performed by a guard or an officer round the +rampart of a garrison, or among sentinels, to see that the sentinels +are faithful and all things safe; also, the guard or officer, with his +attendants, who performs this duty; -- usually in the plural. (b) A +general discharge of firearms by a body of troops in which each soldier +fires once. (c) Ammunition for discharging a piece or pieces once; as, +twenty rounds of ammunition were given out. + +11. (Mus.) A short vocal piece, resembling a catch in which three or +four voices follow each other round in a species of canon in the +unison. + +12. The time during which prize fighters or boxers are in actual +contest without an intermission, as prescribed by their rules; a bout. + +13. A brewer's vessel in which the fermentation is concluded, the yeast +escaping through the bunghole. + +14. A vessel filled, as for drinking. [R.] + +15. An assembly; a group; a circle; as, a round of politicians. +Addison. + +16. (Naut.) See Roundtop. + +17. Same as Round of beef, below. + +Gentlemen of the round. (a) Gentlemen soldiers of low rank who made the +rounds. See 10 (a), above. (b) Disbanded soldiers who lived by begging. +[Obs.] + + Worm-eaten gentlemen of the round, such as have vowed to sit on the + skirts of the city, let your provost and his half dozen of + halberdiers do what they can. + + +B. Jonson. + +-- Round of beef, the part of the thigh below the aitchbone, or between +the rump and the leg. See Illust. of beef. -- Round steak, a beefsteak +cut from the round. -- Sculpture in the round, sculpture giving the +full form, as of man; statuary, distinguished from relief. + +<! p. 1255 !> + +Round, adv. 1. On all sides; around. + + Round he throws his baleful eyes. + + +Milton. + +2. Circularly; in a circular form or manner; by revolving or reversing +one's position; as, to turn one's head round; a wheel turns round. + +3. In circumference; as, a ball is ten inches round. + +4. From one side or party to another; as to come or turn round, -- that +is, to change sides or opinions. + +5. By or in a circuit; by a course longer than the direct course; back +to the starting point. + +6. Through a circle, as of friends or houses. + + The invitations were sent round accordingly. + + +Sir W. Scott. + +7. Roundly; fully; vigorously. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +All round, over the whole place; in every direction. -- All-round, of +general capacity; as, an all-round man. [Colloq.] -- To bring one +round. (a) To cause one to change his opinions or line of conduct. (b) +To restore one to health. [Colloq.] + +Round (?), prep. On every side of, so as to encompass or encircle; +around; about; as, the people atood round him; to go round the city; to +wind a cable round a windlass. + + The serpent Error twines round human hearts. + + +Cowper. + +Round about, an emphatic form for round or about. "Moses . . . set them +[The elders] round about the tabernacle." Num. xi. 24. -- To come +round, to gain the consent of, or circumvent, (a person) by flattery or +deception. [Colloq.] + +Round, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Rounding.] 1. To +make circular, spherical, or cylindrical; to give a round or convex +figure to; as, to round a silver coin; to round the edges of anything. + + Worms with many feet, which round themselves into balls, are bred + chiefly under logs of timber. + + +Bacon. + + The figures on our modern medals are raised and rounded to a very + great perfection. + + +Addison. + +2. To surround; to encircle; to encompass. + + The inclusive verge Of golden metal that must round my brow. + + +Shak. + +3. To bring to fullness or completeness; to complete; hence, to bring +to a fit conclusion. + + We are such stuff As dreams are made on, and our little life Is + rounded with a sleep. + + +Shak. + +4. To go round wholly or in part; to go about (a corner or point); as, +to round a corner; to round Cape Horn. + +5. To make full, smooth, and flowing; as, to round periods in writing. +Swift. + +To round in (Naut.) To haul up; usually, to haul the slack of (a rope) +through its leading block, or to haul up (a tackle which hangs loose) +by its fall. Totten. (b) To collect together (cattle) by riding around +them, as on cattle ranches. [Western U.S.] + +Round, v. i. 1. To grow round or full; hence, to attain to fullness, +completeness, or perfection. + + The queen your mother rounds apace. + + +Shak. + + So rounds he to a separate mind, From whence clear memory may + begin. + + +Tennyson. + +2. To go round, as a guard. [Poetic] + + They . . . nightly rounding walk. + + +Milton. + +3. To go or turn round; to wheel about. Tennyson. + +To round to (Naut.), to turn the head of a ship toward the wind. + +Round"a*bout` (?), a. 1. Circuitous; going round; indirect; as, +roundabout speech. + + We have taken a terrible roundabout road. + + +Burke. + +2. Encircling; enveloping; comprehensive. "Large, sound, roundabout +sense." Locke. + +Round"a*bout`, n. 1. A horizontal wheel or frame, commonly with wooden +horses, etc., on which children ride; a merry-go-round. Smart. + +2. A dance performed in a circle. Goldsmith. + +3. A short, close jacket worn by boys, sailors, etc. + +4. A state or scene of constant change, or of recurring labor and +vicissitude. Cowper. + +Round"a*bout`ness, n. The quality of being roundabout; circuitousness. + +Round"-arm` (?), a. (Cricket) Applied to the method delivering the ball +in bowling, by swinging the arm horizontally. R. A. Proctor. + +Round"-backed` (?), a. Having a round back or shoulders; +round-shouldered. + +Round"ed, a. (Phonetics) Modified by contraction of the lip opening; +labialized; labial. See Guide to Pronunciation, § 11. + +Roun"del (?), n. [OF. rondel a roundelay, F. rondel, rondeau, a dim. +fr. rond; for sense 2, cf. F. rondelle a round, a round shield. See +Round, a., and cf. Rondel, Rondelay.] 1. (Mus.) A rondelay. "Sung all +the roundel lustily." Chaucer. + + Come, now a roundel and a fairy song. + + +Shak. + +2. Anything having a round form; a round figure; a circle. + + The Spaniards, casting themselves into roundels, . . . made a + flying march to Calais. + + +Bacon. + +Specifically: (a) A small circular shield, sometimes not more than a +foot in diameter, used by soldiers in the fourteenth and fifteenth +centuries. (b) (Her.) A circular spot; a sharge in the form of a small +circle. (c) (Fort.) A bastion of a circular form. + +Round"e*lay (?), n. [OF. rondelet, dim. of rondel. See Roundel, +Roundeau, and cf. Roundlet, Rundlet.] 1. (Poetry) See Rondeau, and +Rondel. + +2. (Mus.) (a) A tune in which a simple strain is often repeated; a +simple rural strain which is short and lively. Spenser. Tennyson. (b) A +dance in a circle. + +3. Anything having a round form; a roundel. + +Round"er (?), n. 1. One who rounds; one who comes about frequently or +regularly. + +2. A tool for making an edge or surface round. + +3. pl. An English game somewhat resembling baseball; also, another +English game resembling the game of fives, but played with a football. + + Now we play rounders, and then we played prisoner's base. + + +Bagehot. + +Round"fish (?), n. (Zoöl.) (a) Any ordinary market fish, exclusive of +flounders, sole, halibut, and other flatfishes. (b) A lake whitefish +(Coregonus quadrilateralis), less compressed than the common species. +It is very abundant in British America and Alaska. + +Round"head` (?), n. (Eng. Hist.) A nickname for a Puritan. See +Roundheads, the, in the Dictionary of Noted Names in Fiction. Toone. + +Round"head`ed, a. Having a round head or top. + +Round"house` (?), n. 1. A constable's prison; a lockup, watch-house, or +station house. [Obs.] + +2. (Naut.) (a) A cabin or apartament on the after part of the +quarter-deck, having the poop for its roof; -- sometimes called the +coach. (b) A privy near the bow of the vessel. + +3. A house for locomotive engines, built circularly around a turntable. + +Round"ing, a. Round or nearly round; becoming round; roundish. + +Round"ing, n. 1. (Naut.) Small rope, or strands of rope, or spun yarn, +wound round a rope to keep it from chafing; -- called also service. + +2. (Phonetics) Modifying a speech sound by contraction of the lip +opening; labializing; labialization. See Guide to Pronunciation, § 11. + +Round"ish, a. Somewhat round; as, a roundish seed; a roundish figure. +-- Round"ish*ness, n. + +Round"let (?), n. A little circle. J. Gregory. + +Round"ly, adv. 1. In a round form or manner. + +2. Openly; boldly; peremptorily; plumply. + + He affirms everything roundly. + + +Addison. + +3. Briskly; with speed. locke. + + Two of the outlaws walked roundly forward. + + +Sir W. Scott. + +4. Completely; vigorously; in earnest. Shak. + +5. Without regard to detail; in gross; comprehensively; generally; as, +to give numbers roundly. + + In speaking roundly of this period. + + +H. Morley. + +Round"ness, n. 1. The quality or state of being round in shape; as, the +roundness of the globe, of the orb of the sun, of a ball, of a bowl, a +column, etc. + +2. Fullness; smoothness of flow; as, the roundness of a period; the +roundness of a note; roundness of tone. + +3. Openess; plainess; boldness; positiveness; as, the roundness of an +assertion. + +Syn. -- Circularity; sphericity; globosity; globularity; globularness; +orbicularness; cylindricity; fullness; plumpness; rotundity. + +Round"ridge` (?), v. t. (Agric.) To form into round ridges by plowing. +B. Edwards. + +Round"-shoul`dered (?), a. Having the shoulders stooping or projecting; +round-backed. + +Rounds"man (?), n.; pl. Roundsmen (&?;). A patrolman; also, a policeman +who acts as an inspector over the rounds of the patrolmen. + +Round"top` (?), n. (Naut.) A top; a platform at a masthead; -- so +called because formerly round in shape. + +Round"-up` (?), n. The act of collecting or gathering together +scattered cattle by riding around them and driving them in. [Western +U.S.] + +Roun"dure (?; 135), n. [Cf. Rondure.] Roundness; a round or circle. +[Obs.] Shak. + +Round"worm` (?), n. (Zoöl.) A nematoid worm. + +Round"y (?), a. Round. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney. + +Roup (?), v. i. & t. [Cf. AS. hr&?;pan to cry out, G. rufen, Goth. +hr&?;pian. Cf. Roop.] To cry or shout; hence, to sell by auction. +[Scot.] Jamieson. + +Roup, n. 1. An outcry; hence, a sale of gods by auction. [Scot.] +Jamieson. + + To roup, that is, the sale of his crops, was over. + + +J. C. Shairp. + +2. A disease in poultry. See Pip. + +Rous"ant (?), a. (her.) Rising; -- applied to a bird in the attitude of +rising; also, sometmes, to a bird in profile with wings addorsed. + +Rouse (rouz or rous), v. i. & t. [Perhaps the same word as rouse to +start up, "buckle to."] (Naut.) To pull or haul strongly and all +together, as upon a rope, without the assistance of mechanical +appliances. + +Rouse (rouz), n. [Cf. D. roes drunkeness, icel. r&?;ss, Sw. rus, G. +rauchen, and also E. rouse, v.t., rush, v.i. Cf. Row a disturbance.] 1. +A bumper in honor of a toast or health. [Obs.] Shak. + +2. A carousal; a festival; a drinking frolic. + + Fill the cup, and fill the can, Have a rouse before the morn. + + +Tennyson. + +Rouse, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Roused (rouzd); p. pr. & vb. n. Rousing.] +[Probably of Scan. origin; cf. Sw. rusa to rush, Dan. ruse, AS. hreósan +to fall, rush. Cf. Rush, v.] 1. To cause to start from a covert or +lurking place; as, to rouse a deer or other animal of the chase. + + Like wild boars late roused out of the brakes. + + +Spenser. + + Rouse the fleet hart, and cheer the opening hound. + + +Pope. + +2. To wake from sleep or repose; as, to rouse one early or suddenly. + +3. To excite to lively thought or action from a state of idleness, +languor, stupidity, or indifference; as, to rouse the faculties, +passions, or emotions. + + To rouse up a people, the most phlegmatic of any in Christendom. + + +Atterbury. + +4. To put in motion; to stir up; to agitate. + + Blustering winds, which all night long Had roused the sea. + + +Milton. + +5. To raise; to make erect. [Obs.] Spenser. Shak. + +Rouse, v. i. 1. To get or start up; to rise. [Obs.] + + Night's black agents to their preys do rouse. + + +Shak. + +2. To awake from sleep or repose. + + Morpheus rouses from his bed. + + +Pope. + +3. To be exited to thought or action from a state of indolence or +inattention. + +Rous"er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, rouses. + +2. Something very exciting or great. [Colloq.] + +3. (Brewing) A stirrer in a copper for boiling wort. + +Rous"ing (?), a. 1. Having power to awaken or excite; exciting. + + I begin to feel Some rousing motions in me. + + +Milton. + +2. Very great; violent; astounding; as, a rousing fire; a rousing lie. +[Colloq.] + +Rous"ing*ly, adv. In a rousing manner. + +Rous*sette" (?), n. [F.; -- so called in allusion to the color. See +Russet.] 1. (Zoöl.) A fruit bat, especially the large species (Pieropus +vulgaris) inhabiting the islands of the Indian ocean. It measures about +a yard across the expanded wings. + +2. (Zoöl.) Any small shark of the genus Scyllium; -- called also +dogfish. See Dogfish. + +Roust (roust), v. t. To rouse; to disturb; as, to roust one out. [Prov. +Eng. & Local, U.S.] + +Roust, n. [Cf. Icel. röst an estuary.] A strong tide or current, +especially in a narrow channel. [Written also rost, and roost.] +Jamieson. + +Roust"a*bout` (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A laborer, especially a deck +hand, on a river steamboat, who moves the cargo, loads and unloads +wood, and the like; in an opprobrious sense, a shiftless vagrant who +lives by chance jobs. [Western U.S.] + +Rout (rout), v. i. [AS. hrtan.] To roar; to bellow; to snort; to snore +loudly. [Obs. or Scot.] Chaucer. + +Rout, n. A bellowing; a shouting; noise; clamor; uproar; disturbance; +tumult. Shak. + + This new book the whole world makes such a rout about. + + +Sterne. + + "My child, it is not well," I said, "Among the graves to shout; To + laugh and play among the dead, And make this noisy rout." + + +Trench. + +Rout, v. t. [A variant of root.] To scoop out with a gouge or other +tool; to furrow. + +To rout out (a) To turn up to view, as if by rooting; to discover; to +find. (b) To turn out by force or compulsion; as, to rout people out of +bed. [Colloq.] + +Rout, v. i. To search or root in the ground, as a swine. Edwards. + +Rout, n. [OF. route, LL. rupta, properly, a breaking, fr. L. ruptus, p. +p. of rumpere to break. See Rupture, reave, and cf. Rote repetition of +forms, Route. In some senses this word has been confused with rout a +bellowing, an uproar.] [Formerly spelled also route.] 1. A troop; a +throng; a company; an assembly; especially, a traveling company or +throng. [Obs.] "A route of ratones [rats]." Piers Plowman. "A great +solemn route." Chaucer. + + And ever he rode the hinderest of the route. + + +Chaucer. + + A rout of people there assembled were. + + +Spenser. + +2. A disorderly and tumultuous crowd; a mob; hence, the rabble; the +herd of common people. + + the endless routs of wretched thralls. + + +Spenser. + + The ringleader and head of all this rout. + + +Shak. + + Nor do I name of men the common rout. + + +Milton. + +3. The state of being disorganized and thrown into confusion; -- said +especially of an army defeated, broken in pieces, and put to flight in +disorder or panic; also, the act of defeating and breaking up an army; +as, the rout of the enemy was complete. + + thy army . . . Dispersed in rout, betook them all to fly. + + +Daniel. + + To these giad conquest, murderous rout to those. + + +pope. + +4. (Law) A disturbance of the peace by persons assembled together with +intent to do a thing which, if executed, would make them rioters, and +actually making a motion toward the executing thereof. Wharton. + +5. A fashionable assembly, or large evening party. "At routs and +dances." Landor. + +To put to rout, to defeat and throw into confusion; to overthrow and +put to flight. + +Rout, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Routed; p. pr. & vb. n. Routing.] To break +the ranks of, as troops, and put them to flight in disorder; to put to +rout. + + That party . . . that charged the Scots, so totally routed and + defeated their whole army, that they fied. + + +Clarendon. + +Syn. -- To defeat; discomfit; overpower; overthrow. + +Rout, v. i. To assemble in a crowd, whether orderly or disorderly; to +collect in company. [obs.] Bacon. + + In all that land no Christian[s] durste route. + + +Chaucer. + +Route (rt or rout; 277), n. [OE. & F. route, OF. rote, fr. L. rupta +(sc. via), fr. ruptus, p. p. of rumpere to break; hence, literally, a +broken or beaten way or path. See Rout, and cf. Rut a track.] The +course or way which is traveled or passed, or is to be passed; a +passing; a course; a road or path; a march. + + Wide through the furzy field their route they take. + + +Gay. + +Rout"er (?), n. (Carp.) (a) A plane made like a spokeshave, for working +the inside edges of circular sashes. (b) A plane with a hooked tool +protruding far below the sole, for smoothing the bottom of a cavity. + +Routhe (?), n. Ruth; sorrow. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Rou"ti*na*ry (?), a. Involving, or pertaining to, routine; ordinary; +customary. [R.] Emerson. + +Rou*tine" (?), n. [F., fr. route a path, way, road. See Route, +Roterepetition.] 1. A round of business, amusement, or pleasure, daily +or frequently pursued; especially, a course of business or offical +duties regularly or frequently returning. + +2. Any regular course of action or procedure rigidly adhered to by the +mere force of habit. + +Rou*tin""ism (?), n. the practice of doing things with +undiscriminating, mechanical regularity. + +Rou*tin"ist, n. One who habituated to a routine. + +Rout"ish (?), a. Uproarious; riotous. [Obs.] + +Rout"ous*ly (?), adv. (Law) With that violation of law called a rout. +See 5th Rout, 4. + +||Roux (?), n. [F. beurre roux brown butter.] (Cookery) A thickening, +||made of flour, for soups and gravies. + +<! p. 1256 !> + +Rove (rv), v. t. [perhaps fr. or akin to reeve.] 1. To draw through an +eye or aperture. + +2. To draw out into flakes; to card, as wool. Jamieson. + +3. To twist slightly; to bring together, as slivers of wool or cotton, +and twist slightly before spinning. + +Rove (rv), n. 1. A copper washer upon which the end of a nail is +clinched in boat building. + +2. A roll or sliver of wool or cotton drawn out and slighty twisted, +preparatory to further process; a roving. + +Rove, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Roved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Roving.] [Cf. D. +rooven to rob; akin to E. reave. See Reave, Rob.] 1. To practice +robbery on the seas; to wander about on the seas in piracy. [Obs.] +Hakluyt. + +2. Hence, to wander; to ramble; to rauge; to go, move, or pass without +certain direction in any manner, by sailing, walking, riding, flying, +or otherwise. + + For who has power to walk has power to rove. + + +Arbuthnot. + +3. (Archery) To shoot at rovers; hence, to shoot at an angle of +elevation, not at point-blank (rovers usually being beyond the +point-blank range). + + Fair Venus' son, that with thy cruel dart At that good knight so + cunningly didst rove. + + +Spenser. + +Syn. -- To wander; roam; range; ramble stroll. + +Rove, v. t. 1. To wander over or through. + + Roving the field, I chanced A goodly tree far distant to behold. + + +milton. + +2. To plow into ridges by turning the earth of two furrows together. + +Rove, n. The act of wandering; a ramble. + + In thy nocturnal rove one moment halt. + + +Young. + +Rove beetle (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of beetles of the +family Staphylinidæ, having short elytra beneath which the wings are +folded transversely. They are rapid runners, and seldom fly. + +Rov"er (?), n. [D. roover a robber. See Rove, v. i.] 1. One who +practices robbery on the seas; a pirate. + + Yet Pompey the Great deserveth honor more justly for scouring the + seas, and taking from the rovers 846 sail of ships. + + +Holland. + +2. One who wanders about by sea or land; a wanderer; a rambler. + +3. Hence, a fickle, inconstant person. + +4. (Croquet) A ball which has passed through all the hoops and would go +out if it hit the stake but is continued in play; also, the player of +such a ball. + +5. (Archery) (a) Casual marks at uncertain distances. Encyc. Brit. + +(b) A sort of arrow. [Obs.] + + All sorts, flights, rovers, and butt shafts. + + +B. Jonson. + +At rovers, at casual marks; hence, at random; as, shooting at rovers. +See def. 5 (a) above. Addison. + + Bound down on every side with many bands because it shall not run + at rovers. + + +Robynson (More's Utopia). + +Rov"ing, n. 1. The operatin of forming the rove, or slightly twisted +sliver or roll of wool or cotton, by means of a machine for the +purpose, called a roving frame, or roving machine. + +2. A roll or sliver of wool or cotton drawn out and slightly twisted; a +rove. See 2d Rove, 2. + +Roving frame, Roving machine, a machine for drawing and twisting roves +and twisting roves and winding them on bobbin for the spinning machine. + +Rov"ing, n. The act of one who roves or wanders. + +Rov"ing*ly, adv. In a wandering manner. + +Rov"ing*ness, n. The state of roving. + +Row (?), a. & adv. [See Rough.] Rough; stern; angry. [Obs.] "Lock he +never so row." Chaucer. + +Row, n. [Abbrev. fr. rouse, n.] A noisy, turbulent quarrel or +disturbance; a brawl. [Colloq.] Byron. + +Row (?), n. [OE. rowe, rawe, rewe, AS. rw, r&?;w; probably akin to D. +rij, G. reihe; cf. Skr. r&?;kh a line, stroke.] A series of persons or +things arranged in a continued line; a line; a rank; a file; as, a row +of trees; a row of houses or columns. + + And there were windows in three rows. + + +1 Kings vii. 4. + + The bright seraphim in burning row. + + +Milton. + +Row culture (Agric.), the practice of cultivating crops in drills. -- +Row of points (Geom.), the points on a line, infinite in number, as the +points in which a pencil of rays is intersected by a line. + +Row (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Rowing.] [AS. +r&?;wan; akin to D. roeijen, MHG. rüejen, Dan. roe, Sw. ro, Icel. +r&?;a, L. remus oar, Gr. &?;, Skr. aritra. √8. Cf. Rudder.] 1. To +propel with oars, as a boat or vessel, along the surface of water; as, +to row a boat. + +2. To transport in a boat propelled with oars; as, to row the captain +ashore in his barge. + +Row, v. i. 1. To use the oar; as, to row well. + +2. To be moved by oars; as, the boat rows easily. + +Row, n. The act of rowing; excursion in a rowboat. + +Row"a*ble (?), a. That may be rowed, or rowed upon. "That long barren +fen, once rowable." B. Jonson. + +Row"an (?), n. Rowan tree. + +Rowan barry, a barry of the rowan tree. + +Row"an tree` (?). [Cf. Sw. rönn, Dan. rönne, Icel. reynir, and L. +ornus.] (Bot.) A european tree (Pyrus aucuparia) related to the apple, +but with pinnate leaves and flat corymbs of small white flowers +followed by little bright red berries. Called also roan tree, and +mountain ash. The name is also applied to two American trees of similar +habit (Pyrus Americana, and P. sambucifolia). + +Row"boat` (?), n. A boat designed to be propelled by oars instead of +sails. + +Row"dy (?), n.; pl. Rowdies (#). [From Rout, or Row a brawl.] One who +engages in rows, or noisy quarrels; a ruffianly fellow. M. Arnold. + +Row"dy*dow (?), n. Hubbub; uproar. [Vulgar] + +Row"dy*dow`dy (?), a. Uproarious. [Vulgar] + +Row"dy*ish, a. Resembling a rowdy in temper or conduct; characteristic +of a rowdy. + +Row"dy*ism (?), n. the conduct of a rowdy. + +Rowed (?), a. Formed into a row, or rows; having a row, or rows; as, a +twelve-rowed ear of corn. + +Row"el (?), n. [OF. roele, rouele, properly, a little wheel, F. rouelle +collop, slice, LL. rotella a little wheel, dim. of L. rota a wheel. See +Roll, and cf. Rota.] 1. The little wheel of a spur, with sharp points. + + With sounding whip, and rowels dyed in blood. + + +Cowper. + +2. A little flat ring or wheel on horses' bits. + + The iron rowels into frothy foam he bit. + + +Spenser. + +3. (Far.) A roll of hair, silk, etc., passed through the flesh of +horses, answering to a seton in human surgery. + +Row"el, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Roweled (?) or Rowelled; p. pr. & vb. n. +Roweling or Rowelling.] (Far.) To insert a rowel, or roll of hair or +silk, into (as the flesh of a horse). Mortimer. + +Row"el bone` (?). See rewel bone. [Obs.] + +Row"en (?), n. [Cf. E. rough, OE. row, rowe.] [Called also rowet, +rowett, rowings, roughings.] 1. A stubble field left unplowed till late +in the autumn, that it may be cropped by cattle. + + Turn your cows, that give milk, into your rowens till snow comes. + + +Mortimer. + +2. The second growth of grass in a season; aftermath. [Prov. Eng. & +Local, U.S.] + +Row"er (?), n. One who rows with an oar. + +Row"ett (?), n. See Rowen. + +Row"lock (? colloq. &?;), n. [For oarlock; AS. rloc, where the second +part is skin to G. loch a hole, E. lock a fastening. See Oar, and +Lock.] (Naut.) A contrivance or arrangement serving as a fulcrum for an +oar in rowing. It consists sometimes of a notch in the gunwale of a +boat, sometimes of a pair of pins between which the oar rests on the +edge of the gunwale, sometimes of a single pin passing through the oar, +or of a metal fork or stirrup pivoted in the gunwale and suporting the +oar. + +Rown (?), v. i. & t. see Roun. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Row"port (?), n. (Naut.) An opening in the side of small vessels of +war, near the surface of the water, to facilitate rowing in calm +weather. + +Rox"burgh (?; Scot. &?;), n. [From the third duke of Roxburgh +(Scotland), a noted book collector who had his books so bound.] A style +of bookbinding in which the back is plain leather, the sides paper or +cloth, the top gilt-edged, but the front and bottom left uncut. + +Roy (roi), n. [F. roi.] A king. [obs.] + +Roy, a. Royal. [Obs.] Chapman. + +Roy"al (?), a. [OE. roial, riall, real, OF. roial. reial, F. royal, fr. +L. regalis, fr. rex, regis, king. See Rich, and cf. regal, real a coin, +Rial.] 1. Kingly; pertaining to the crown or the sovereign; suitable +for a king or queen; regal; as, royal power or prerogative; royal +domains; the royal family; royal state. + +2. Noble; generous; magnificent; princely. + + How doth that royal merchant, good Antonio? + + +Shak. + +3. Under the patronage of royality; holding a charter granted by the +sovereign; as, the Royal Academy of Arts; the Royal Society. + +Battle royal. See under Battle. - - Royal bay (Bot.), the classic +laurel (Laurus nobilis.) -- Royal eagle. (Zoöl.) See Golden eagle, +under Golden. -- Royal fern (Bot.), the handsome fern Osmunda regalis. +See Osmund. -- Royal mast (Naut.), the mast next above the topgallant +mast and usually the highest on a square-rigged vessel. The royal yard +and royal sail are attached to the royal mast. -- Royal metal, an old +name for gold. -- Royal palm (Bot.), a magnificent West Indian palm +tree (Oreodoxa regia), lately discovered also in Florida. -- Royal +pheasant. See Curassow. -- Royal purple, an intense violet color, +verging toward blue. -- Royal tern (Zoöl.), a large, crested American +tern (Sterna maxima). -- Royal tiger. (Zoöl.) See Tiger. -- Royal +touch, the touching of a diseased person by the hand of a king, with +the view of restoring to health; -- formerly extensively practiced, +particularly for the scrofula, or king's evil. + +Syn. -- Kingly; regal; monarchical; imperial; kinglike; princely; +august; majestic; superb; splendid; illustrious; noble; magnanimous. + +Roy"al, n. 1. Printing and writing papers of particular sizes. See +under paper, n. + +2. (Naut.) A small sail immediately above the topgallant sail. Totten. + +3. (Zoöl.) One of the upper or distal branches of an antler, as the +third and fourth tynes of the antlers of a stag. + +4. (Gun.) A small mortar. + +5. (Mil.) One of the soldiers of the first regiment of foot of the +British army, formerly called the Royals, and supposed to be the oldest +regular corps in Europe; -- now called the Royal Scots. + +6. An old English coin. See Rial. + +Roy"al*et (?), n. A petty or powerless king. [R.] + + there were at this time two other royalets, as only kings by his + leave. + + +Fuller. + +Roy"al*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. royalisme.] the principles or conduct of +royalists. + +Roy"al*ist, n. [Cf. F. royaliste.] An adherent of a king (as of Charles +I. in England, or of the Bourbons in france); one attached to +monarchical government. + + Where Ca'ndish fought, the Royalists prevailed. + + +Waller. + +Roy`al*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of making loyal to a king. [R.] +Saintsbury. + +Roy"al*ize (?), v. t. to make royal. Shak. + +Roy"al*ly (?), adv. In a royal or kingly manner; like a king; as +becomes a king. + + His body shall be royally interred. + + +Dryden. + +Roy"al*ty (?), n.; pl. Royalties (#). [OF. roialté, royaulté, F. +royauté. See Royal, and cf. Regality.] 1. The state of being royal; the +condition or quality of a royal person; kingship; kingly office; +sovereignty. + + Royalty by birth was the sweetest way of majesty. + + +Holyday. + +2. The person of a king or sovereign; majesty; as, in the presence of +royalty. + + For thus his royalty doth speak. + + +Shak. + +3. An emblem of royalty; -- usually in the plural, meaning regalia. +[Obs.] + + Wherefore do I assume These royalties, and not refuse to reign? + + +Milton. + +4. Kingliness; spirit of regal authority. + + In his royalty of nature Reigns that which would be fear'd. + + +Shak. + +5. Domain; province; sphere. Sir W. Scott. + +6. That which is due to a sovereign, as a seigniorage on gold and +silver coined at the mint, metals taken from mines, etc.; the tax +exacted in lieu of such share; imperiality. + +7. A share of the product or profit (as of a mine, forest, etc.), +reserved by the owner for permitting another to use the property. + +8. Hence (Com.), a duty paid by a manufacturer to the owner of a patent +or a copyright at a certain rate for each article manufactured; or, a +percentage paid to the owner of an article by one who hires the use of +it. + +Royne (roin), v. t. [F. rogner, OF. rooignier, to clip, pare, scare, +fr. L. rotundus round See Rotund.] To bite; to gnaw. [Written also +roin.] [Obs.] Spenser. + +Royn"ish, a. [F. rogneux, from rogne scab, mange, itch.] Mangy; scabby; +hence, mean; paltry; troublesome. [Written also roinish.] [Obs.] "The +roynish clown." Shak. + +{ Roys"ter (?), Roys"ter*er (?) }, n. same as Roister, Roisterer. + +Roys"ton crow` (?). [So called from Royston, a town in England.] +(Zoöl.) See Hooded crow, under Hooded. + +Roy"te*let (?), n. [F. roitelet, dim. of roi king.] A little king. +[Archaic] Heylin. Bancroft. + +Roy"tish (?), a. [Prob. for riotish, from riot, like Scot. roytous for +riotous.] Wild; irregular. [Obs.] + +Rub (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rubbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Rubbing.] +[Probably of Celtic origin; cf. W. rhwbiaw, gael. rub.] 1. To subject +(a body) to the action of something moving over its surface with +pressure and friction, especially to the action of something moving +back and forth; as, to rub the flesh with the hand; to rub wood with +sandpaper. + + It shall be expedient, after that body is cleaned, to rub the body + with a coarse linen cloth. + + +Sir T. Elyot. + +2. To move over the surface of (a body) with pressure and friction; to +graze; to chafe; as, the boat rubs the ground. + +3. To cause (a body) to move with pressure and friction along a +surface; as, to rub the hand over the body. + + Two bones rubbed hard against one another. + + +Arbuthnot. + +4. To spread a substance thinly over; to smear. + + The smoothed plank, . . . New rubbed with balm. + + +Milton. + +5. To scour; to burnish; to polish; to brighten; to cleanse; -- often +with up or over; as, to rub up silver. + + The whole business of our redemption is to rub over the defaced + copy of the creation. + + +South. + +6. To hinder; to cross; to thwart. [R.] + + 'T is the duke's pleasure, Whose disposition, all the world well + knows, Will not be rubbed nor stopped. + + +Shak. + +To rub down. (a) To clean by rubbing; to comb or curry; as, to down a +horse. (b) To reduce or remove by rubbing; as, to rub down the rough +points. -- To rub off, to clean anything by rubbing; to separate by +friction; as, to rub off rust. -- To rub out, to remove or separate by +friction; to erase; to obliterate; as, to rub out a mark or letter; to +rub out a stain. -- To rub up. (a) To burnish; to polish; to clean. (b) +To excite; to awaken; to rouse to action; as, to rub up the memory. + +Rub, v. i. 1. To move along the surface of a body with pressure; to +grate; as, a wheel rubs against the gatepost. + +2. To fret; to chafe; as, to rub upon a sore. + +3. To move or pass with difficulty; as, to rub through woods, as +huntsmen; to rub through the world. + +To rub along or on, to go on with difficulty; as, they manage, with +strict economy, to rub along. [Colloq.] + +Rub, n. [Cf. W. rhwb. See Rub, v,t,] 1. The act of rubbing; friction. + +2. That which rubs; that which tends to hinder or obstruct motion or +progress; hindrance; obstruction, an impediment; especially, a +difficulty or obstruction hard to overcome; a pinch. + + Every rub is smoothed on our way. + + +Shak. + + To sleep, perchance to dream; ay, there's the rub. + + +Shak. + + Upon this rub, the English ambassadors thought fit to demur. + + +Hayward. + + One knows not, certainly, what other rubs might have been ordained + for us by a wise Providence. + + +W. Besant. + +3. Inequality of surface, as of the ground in the game of bowls; +unevenness. Shak. + +4. Something grating to the feelings; sarcasm; joke; as, a hard rub. + +5. Imperfection; failing; fault. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. + +6. A chance. [Obs.] + + Flight shall leave no Greek a rub. + + +Chapman. + +7. A stone, commonly flat, used to sharpen cutting tools; a whetstone; +-- called also rubstone. + +Rub iron, an iron guard on a wagon body, against which a wheel rubs +when cramped too much. + +Rub"a-dub (?), n. The sound of a drum when continuously beaten; hence, +a clamorous, repeated sound; a clatter. + + The rubadub of the abolition presses. + + +D. Webster. + +<! p. 1257 !> + +||Ru*ba"to (?), a. [It.] Robbed; borrowed. + +||Temple rubato. [It.] (Mus.) Borrowed time; -- a term applied to a +||style of performance in which some tones are held longer than their +||legitimate time, while others are proportionally curtailed. + +Rub"bage (?; 48), n. Rubbish. [Obs.] + +Rub"ber (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, rubs. Specifically: (a) An +instrument or thing used in rubbing, polishing, or cleaning. (b) A +coarse file, or the rough part of a file. (c) A whetstone; a rubstone. +(d) An eraser, usually made of caoutchouc. (e) The cushion of an +electrical machine. (f) One who performs massage, especially in a +Turkish bath. (g) Something that chafes or annoys; hence, something +that grates on the feelings; a sarcasm; a rub. Thackeray. + +2. In some games, as whist, the odd game, as the third or the fifth, +when there is a tie between the players; as, to play the rubber; also, +a contest determined by the winning of two out of three games; as, to +play a rubber of whist. Beaconsfield. "A rubber of cribbage." Dickens. + +3. India rubber; caoutchouc. + +4. An overshoe made of India rubber. [Colloq.] + +Antimony rubber, an elastic durable variety of vulcanized caoutchouc of +a red color. It contains antimony sulphide as an important constituent. +-- Hard rubber, a kind of vulcanized caoutchouc which nearly resembles +horn in texture, rigidity, etc. -- India rubber, caoutchouc. See +Caoutchouc. -- Rubber cloth, cloth covered with caoutchouc for +excluding water or moisture. -- Rubber dam (Dentistry), a shield of +thin sheet rubber clasped around a tooth to exclude saliva from the +tooth. + +Rub"bidge (?), n. Rubbish. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. + +Rub"bing, a. & n. from Rub, v. + +Rub"bish (?), n. [OE. robows, robeux, rubble, originally an Old French +plural from an assumed dim. of robe, probably in the sense of trash; +cf. It. robaccia trash, roba stuff, goods, wares, robe. Thus, +etymologically rubbish is the pl. of rubble. See Robe, and cf. Rubble.] +Waste or rejected matter; anything worthless; valueless stuff; trash; +especially, fragments of building materials or fallen buildings; ruins; +débris. + + What rubbish and what offal! + + +Shak. + + he saw the town's one half in rubbish lie. + + +Dryden. + +Rubbish pulley. See Gin block, under Gin. + +Rub"bish (?), a. Of or pertaining to rubbish; of the quality of +rubbish; trashy. De Quincey. + +Rub"ble (?), n. [From an assumed Old French dim. of robe See Rubbish.] +1. Water-worn or rough broken stones; broken bricks, etc., used in +coarse masonry, or to fill up between the facing courses of walls. + + Inside [the wall] there was rubble or mortar. + + +Jowett (Thucyd.). + +2. Rough stone as it comes from the quarry; also, a quarryman's term +for the upper fragmentary and decomposed portion of a mass of stone; +brash. Brande & C. + +3. (Geol.) A mass or stratum of fragments or rock lying under the +alluvium, and derived from the neighboring rock. Lyell. + +4. pl. The whole of the bran of wheat before it is sorted into pollard, +bran, etc. [Prov. Eng.] Simmonds. + +Coursed rubble, rubble masonry in which courses are formed by leveling +off the work at certain heights. + +Rub"ble*stone` (?), n. See Rubble, 1 and 2. + +Rub"ble*work` (?), n. Masonry constructed of unsquared stones that are +irregular in size and shape. + +Rub"bly (?), a. Relating to, or containing, rubble. + +Ru*bed"i*nous (?), a. [L. rubedo redness, fr. rubere to be red.] +Reddish. [R.] M. Stuart. + +Ru`be*fa"cient (?), a. [L. rubefaciens, p. pr. of rubefacere to make +red; rubere to be red + facere to make.] Making red. -- n. (Med.) An +external application which produces redness of the skin. + +Ru`be*fac"tion (?), n. The act or process of making red. + +Ru"be*let (r"b*lt), n. A little ruby. Herrick. + +||Ru*bel"la (?), n. [NL., fr. L. rubellus reddish.] (Med.) An acute +||specific disease with a dusky red cutaneous eruption resembling that +||of measles, but unattended by catarrhal symptoms; -- called also +||German measles. + +Ru*belle" (?), n. [L. rubellus reddish.] A red color used in enameling. +Weale. + +Ru"bel*lite (?), n. [L. rubellus reddish, dim. of ruber red.] (Min.) A +variety of tourmaline varying in color from a pale rose to a deep ruby, +and containing lithium. + +||Ru*be"o*la (?), n. [NL., fr. L. ruber red.] (Med.) (a) the measles. +||(b) Rubella. + +Ru`ber*y*thrin"ic (?), a. [L. ruber red + erythrin.] (Chem.) Pertaining +to, or designating, an acid extracted from madder root. It is a yellow +crystalline substance from which alizarin is obtained. + +Ru*bes"cence (?), n. The quality or state of being rubescent; a +reddening; a flush. + +Ru*bes"cent (?), a. [L. rubescens, -entis, p. pr. of rubescere to grow +red, v. incho from rubere to be red: cf. F. rubescent. See Ruby.] +Growing or becoming red; tending to redness. + +Ru`bi*a"ceous (?), a. [L. rubia madder, fr. rubeus red.] (Bot.) Of or +pertaining to a very large natural order of plants (Rubiaceæ) named +after the madder (Rubia tinctoria), and including about three hundred +and seventy genera and over four thousand species. Among them are the +coffee tree, the trees yielding peruvian bark and quinine, the madder, +the quaker ladies, and the trees bearing the edible fruits called +genipap and Sierre Leone peach, besides many plants noted for the +beauty or the fragrance of their blossoms. + +Ru"bi*a*cin (?), n. [L. rubia madder, fr. rubeus red.] (Chem) A +substance found in madder root, and probably identical with +ruberythrinic acid. + +Ru"bi*an (?), n. [L. rubia madder, fr. rubeus red.] (Chem.) One of +several color-producing glycosides found in madder root. + +Ru`bi*an"ic (?), a. (Chem.) pertaining to, or derived from, rubian; +specifically, designating an acid called also ruberythrinic acid. +[Obs.] + +Ru" bi*ble (?), n. A ribble. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Ru"bi*can (?), a. [F.] Colored a prevailing red, bay, or black, with +flecks of white or gray especially on the flanks; -- said of horses. +Smart. + +Ru"bi*celle (?), n. [Cf. F. rubacelle, rubicelle, fr. L. rubeus red, +reddish.] (Min.) A variety of ruby of a yellowish red color, from +Brazil. + +Ru"bi*con (?), n. (Anc. geog.) A small river which separated Italy from +Cisalpine Gaul, the province alloted to Julius Cæsar. + +By leading an army across this river, contrary to the prohibition of +the civil government at Rome, Cæsar precipitated the civil war which +resulted in the death of Pompey and the overthrow of the senate; hence, +the phrase to pass or cross the Rubicon signifies to take the decisive +step by which one is committed to a hazardous enterprise from which +there is no retreat. + +Ru"bi*cund (?), a. [L. rubicundus, fr. rubere to be red, akin to ruber +red. See Red.] Inclining to redness; ruddy; red. "His rubicund face." +Longfellow. + +Ru`bi*cun"di*ty (?), n. [LL. rubicunditas.] The quality or state of +being rubicund; ruddiness. + + To parade your rubicundity and gray hairs. + + +Walpole. + +Ru*bid"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to rubidium; containing +rubidium. + +Ru"bi*dine (? or ?), n. (Chem.) A nitrogenous base homologous with +pyridine, obtained from coal tar as an oily liquid, C11H17N; also, any +one of the group od metameric compounds of which rubidine is the type. + +Ru*bid"i*um (?), n. [NL., fr. L. rubidus red, fr. rubere to be red. So +called from two dark red spectroscopic lines by means of which it was +discovered in the lepidolite from Rozena, Moravia. See Rubicund.] +(Chem.) A rare metallic element. It occurs quite widely, but in small +quantities, and always combined. It is isolated as a soft yellowish +white metal, analogous to potassium in most of its properties. Symbol +Rb. Atomic weight, 85.2. + +Ru*bif"ic (?), a. [L. ruber red + facere to make.] Making red; as, +rubific rays. Grew. + +Ru`bi*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. rubification.] The act of making red. +Howell. + +Ru"bi*form (?), a. [L. ruber red + -form.] Having the nature or quality +of red; as, the rubiform rays of the sun. [R.] Sir I. newton. + +Ru"bi*fy (?), v. t. [Cf. F. rubéfier. See Rubific.] To redden. [R.] +"Waters rubifying." Chaucer. + +{ Ru*big"i*nose` (?), Ru*big"i*nous (?) }, a. [L. rubiginosus, fr. +rubigo, robigo, rust: cf. F. rubigineux.] (Bot.) Having the appearance +or color of iron rust; rusty- looking. + +||Ru*bi"go (?), n. [L. rubigo, robigo, rust of metals, rust, blight.] +||(bot.) same as Rust, n., 2. + +Ru"bin (?), n. [Cf. LL. rubinus, It. rubino. See Ruby.] A ruby. [Obs.] +Spenser. + +Ru"bi*ous (?), a. [L. rubeus, fr. rubere to be red. See Rouge.] Red; +ruddy. [Obs.] Shak. + +Ru`bi*re"tin (?), n. [Rubian + Gr. &?; resin.] (Chem.) One of the red +dye products extracted from madder root, and probably identical with +ruberythrinic acid. + +Ru"ble (?), n. [Russ. ruble.] The unit of monetary value in Russia. It +is divided into 100 copecks, and in the gold coin of the realm (as in +the five and ten ruble pieces) is worth about 77 cents. The silver +ruble is a coin worth about 60 cents. [Written also rouble.] + +Ru"bric (?), n. [OE. rubriche, OF. rubriche, F. rubrique ( cf. it. +rubrica), fr. L. rubrica red earth for coloring, red chalk, the title +of a law (because written in red), fr. ruber red. See red.] That part +of any work in the early manuscripts and typography which was colored +red, to distinguish it from other portions. Hence, specifically: (a) A +titlepage, or part of it, especially that giving the date and place of +printing; also, the initial letters, etc., when printed in red. (b) +(Law books) The title of a statute; -- so called as being anciently +written in red letters. Bell. (c) (Liturgies) The directions and rules +for the conduct of service, formerly written or printed in red; hence, +also, an ecclesiastical or episcopal injunction; -- usually in the +plural. + + All the clergy in England solemnly pledge themselves to observe the + rubrics. + + +Hook. + +(d) Hence, that which is established or settled, as by authority; a +thing definitely settled or fixed. Cowper. + + Nay, as a duty, it had no place or rubric in human conceptions + before Christianity. + + +De Quincey. + +Ru"bric, v. t. To adorn ith red; to redden; to rubricate. [R.] Johnson. + +{ Ru"bric (?), Ru"bric*al (?) }, a. 1. Colored in, or marked with, red; +placed in rubrics. + + What though my name stood rubric on the walls Or plaistered posts, + with claps, in capitals? + + +Pope. + +2. Of or pertaining to the rubric or rubrics. "Rubrical +eccentricities." C. Kingsley. + +Ru"bri*cate (?), a. [L. rubricatus p. p. of rubricare to color red. See +Rubric, n.] Marked with red. Sp&?;lmman. + +Ru"bri*cate (?), v. t. To mark or distinguished with red; to arrange as +in a rubric; to establish in a settled and unchangeable form. Foxe. + + A system . . . according to which the thoughts of men were to be + classed and rubricated forever after. + + +Hare. + +{ Ru*bri"cian (?), Ru"bri*cist (?) }, n. One skilled in, or tenaciously +adhering to, the rubric or rubrics. + +Ru*bric"i*ty (?), n. Redness. [R.] + +Rub"stone` (?), n. A stone for scouring or rubbing; a whetstone; a rub. + +||Ru"bus (?), n. [L.] (Bot.) A genus of rosaceous plants, including the +||raspberry and blackberry. + +Ru"by (?), n.; pl. Rubies (#). [F. rubis (cf. Pr. robi), LL. rubinus, +robinus, fr. L. rubeus red, reddish, akin to ruber. See Rouge, red.] 1. +(Min.) A precious stone of a carmine red color, sometimes verging to +violet, or intermediate between carmine and hyacinth red. It is a red +crystallized variety of corundum. + +Besides the true or Oriental ruby above defined, there are the balas +ruby, or ruby spinel, a red variety of spinel, and the rock ruby, a red +variety of garnet. + + Of rubies, sapphires, and pearles white. + + +Chaucer. + +2. The color of a ruby; carmine red; a red tint. + + The natural ruby of your cheeks. + + +Shak. + +3. That which has the color of the ruby, as red wine. Hence, a red +blain or carbuncle. + +4. (Print.) See Agate, n., 2. [Eng.] + +5. (Zoöl.) Any species of South American humming birds of the genus +Clytolæma. The males have a ruby-colored throat or breast. + +Ruby of arsenic, Ruby of sulphur (Chem.), a glassy substance of a red +color and a variable composition, but always consisting chiefly of the +disulphide of arsenic; -- called also ruby sulphur. -- Ruby of zinc +(Min.), zinc sulphide; the mineral zinc blende or sphalerite. -- Ruby +silver (Min.), red silver. See under Red. + +Ru"by, a. Ruby-colored; red; as, ruby lips. + +Ru"by, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rubied (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Rubying.] To +make red; to redden. [R.] Pope. + +Ru"by*tail` (?), n. (Zoöl.) A European gold wasp (Chrysis ignita) which +has the under side of the abdomen bright red, and the other parts deep +bluish green with a metallic luster. The larva is parasitic in the +nests of other wasps and of bees. + +Ru"by-tailed` (?), a. Having the tail, or lower part of the body, +bright red. + +Ru"by*throat` (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of humming +birds belonging to Trochilus, Calypte, Stellula, and allies, in which +the male has on the throat a brilliant patch of red feathers having +metallic reflections; esp., the common humming bird of the Eastern +United States (Trochilus colubris). + +Ru"by*wood` (?), n. red sandalwood. See under Sandalwood. + +Ru*cer"vine (?), a. [NL. Rucervus, the genus, fr. NL. Rusa a certain +genus of deer (Malay r&?;sa deer) + Cervus.] (Zoöl.) Of, like, or +pertaining to, a deer of the genus Rucervus, which includes the swamp +deer of India. + +Ruche (?), n. [F. ruche ruche, beehive, OF. rusche a beehive, which was +formerly made of the bark of trees; cf. W. rhisg, rhisgl, bark, gael. +rusg bark, rind.] 1. A plaited, quilled, or goffered strip of lace, +net, ribbon, or other material, -- used in place of collars or cuffs, +and as a trimming for women's dresses and bonnets. [Written also +rouche.] + +2. A pile of arched tiles, used to catch and retain oyster spawn. + +Ruch"ing, n. A ruche, or ruches collectively. + +Ruck (?), n. A roc. [Obs. or prov. Eng.] Drayton. + +Ruck, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Rucked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Rucking.] +[Icel hrukkast to wrinkle, hrukka wrinkle, fold.] To draw into wrinkles +or unsightly folds; to crease; as, to ruck up a carpet. Smart. + +Ruck, n. [Icel. hrukka. Cf. Ruck, v. t.] A wrinkle or crease in a piece +of cloth, or in needlework. + +Ruck, v. i. [Cf. Dan. ruge to brood, to hatch.] To cower; to huddle +together; to squat; to sit, as a hen on eggs. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] +Gower. South. + + The sheep that rouketh in the fold. + + +Chaucer. + +Ruck, n. [Cf. Ruck.] 1. A heap; a rick. [Prov Eng. & Scot.] + +2. The common sort, whether persons or things; as, the ruck in a horse +race. [Colloq.] + + The ruck in society as a whole. + + +Lond. Sat. Rev. + +Ruc*ta"tion (?), n. [L. ructatio, fr. ructare to belch: cf. F. +ructation.] The act of belching wind. + +Ruc"tion (?), n. An uproar; a quarrel; a noisy outbreak. [Prov. Eng. & +Scot.] + +Rud (?), n. [AS. rudu, akin to reád red. √113. See Red, and cf. +Ruddy.] 1. Redness; blush. [Obs.] + +2. Ruddle; red ocher. + +3. (Zoöl.) The rudd. + +Rud, v. t. To make red. [Obs.] Spenser. + +Rudd (?), n. [See Rud, n.] (Zoöl.) A fresh-water European fish of the +Carp family (Leuciscus erythrophthalmus). It is about the size and +shape of the roach, but it has the dorsal fin farther back, a stouter +body, and red irises. Called also redeye, roud, finscale, and shallow. +A blue variety is called azurine, or blue roach. + +Rud"der (?), n. A riddle or sieve. [Prov. Eng.] + +<! p. 1258 !> + +Rud"der (?), n. [OE. rother, AS. rðer a paddle; akin to D. roer rudder, +oar, G. ruder, OHG. roadar, Sw. roder, ror, Dan. roer, ror. √ 8. +See Row to propel with an oar, and cf. Rother. ] 1. (Naut.) The +mechanical appliance by means of which a vessel is guided or steered +when in motion. It is a broad and flat blade made of wood or iron, with +a long shank, and is fastened in an upright position, usually by one +edge, to the sternpost of the vessel in such a way that it can be +turned from side to side in the water by means of a tiller, wheel, or +other attachment. + +2. Fig.: That which resembles a rudder as a guide or governor; that +which guides or governs the course. + + For rhyme the rudder is of verses. + + +Hudibras. + +Balance rudder (Naut.), a rudder pivoted near the middle instead of at +the edge, -- common on sharpies. -- Drop rudder (Naut.), a rudder +extending below the keel so as to be more effective in steering. -- +Rudder chain (Naut.), one of the loose chains or ropes which fasten the +rudder to the quarters to prevent its loss in case it gets unshipped, +and for operating it in case the tiller or the wheel is broken. -- +Rudder coat (Naut.), a covering of tarred canvas used to prevent water +from entering the rudderhole. -- Rudder fish. (Zoöl.) (a) The pilot +fish. (b) The amber fish (Seriola zonata), which is bluish having six +broad black bands. (c) A plain greenish black American fish (Leirus +perciformis); -- called also black rudder fish, logfish, and barrel +fish. The name is also applied to other fishes which follow vessels. -- +Rudder pendants (Naut.), ropes connected with the rudder chains. + +Rud"der*head` (?), n. (Naut.) The upper end of the rudderpost, to which +the tiller is attached. + +Rud"der*hole (?), n. (Naut.) The hole in the deck through which the +rudderpost passes. + +Rud"der*less, a. Without a rudder. + +Rud"der*post (?), n. (Naut.) The shank of a rudder, having the blade at +one end and the attachments for operating it at the other. + +Rud"der*stock` (?), n. (Naut.) The main part or blade of the rudder, +which is connected by hinges, or the like, with the sternpost of a +vessel. + +Rud"died (?), a. Made ruddy or red. + +Rud"di*ly (?), adv. In a ruddy manner. Byron. + +Rud"di*ness, n. The quality or state of being ruddy; as, the ruddiness +of the cheeks or the sky. + +Rud"dle (?), v. t. To raddle or twist. [Obs.] + +Rud"dle, n. A riddle or sieve. [Obs.] Holland. + +Rud"dle, n. [See Rud; cf. Reddle.] (Min.) A species of red earth +colored by iron sesquioxide; red ocher. + +Rud"dle, v. t. To mark with ruddle; to raddle; to rouge. "Their ruddled +cheeks." Thackeray. + + A fair sheep newly ruddled. + + +Lady M. W. Montagu. + +Rud"dock (?), n. [AS. ruddic; cf. W. rhuddog the redbreast. √113. +See Rud, n.] [Written also raddock.] 1. (Zoöl.) The European robin. +"The tame ruddock and the coward kite." Chaucer. + +2. A piece of gold money; -- probably because the gold of coins was +often reddened by copper alloy. Called also red ruddock, and golden +ruddock. [Obs.] + + Great pieces of gold . . . red ruddocks. + + +Florio. + +Rud"dy (?), a. [Compar. Ruddier (?); superl. Ruddiest.] [AS. rudig. See +Rud, n.] 1. Of a red color; red, or reddish; as, a ruddy sky; a ruddy +flame. Milton. + + They were more ruddy in body than rubies. + + +Lam. iv. 7. + +2. Of a lively flesh color, or the color of the human skin in high +health; as, ruddy cheeks or lips. Dryden. + +Ruddy duck (Zoöl.), an American duck (Erismatura rubida) having a broad +bill and a wedge-shaped tail composed of stiff, sharp feathers. The +adult male is rich brownish red on the back, sides, and neck, black on +the top of the head, nape, wings, and tail, and white on the cheeks. +The female and young male are dull brown mixed with blackish on the +back; grayish below. Called also dunbird, dundiver, ruddy diver, +stifftail, spinetail, hardhead, sleepy duck, fool duck, spoonbill, etc. +-- Ruddy plover (Zoöl.) the sanderling. + +Rud"dy, v. t. To make ruddy. [R.] Sir W. Scott. + +Rude (?), a. [Compar. Ruder (?); superl. Rudest.] [F., fr. L. rudis.] +1. Characterized by roughness; umpolished; raw; lacking delicacy or +refinement; coarse. + + Such gardening tools as art, yet rude, . . . had formed. + + +Milton. + +2. Hence, specifically: (a) Unformed by taste or skill; not nicely +finished; not smoothed or polished; -- said especially of material +things; as, rude workmanship. "Rude was the cloth." Chaucer. + + Rude and unpolished stones. + + +Bp. Stillingfleet. + + The heaven-born child All meanly wrapt in the rude manger lies. + + +Milton. + +(b) Of untaught manners; unpolished; of low rank; uncivil; clownish; +ignorant; raw; unskillful; -- said of persons, or of conduct, skill, +and the like. "Mine ancestors were rude." Chaucer. + + He was but rude in the profession of arms. + + +Sir H. Wotton. + + the rude forefathers of the hamlet sleep. + + +Gray. + +(c) Violent; tumultuous; boisterous; inclement; harsh; severe; -- said +of the weather, of storms, and the like; as, the rude winter. + + [Clouds] pushed with winds, rude in their shock. + + +Milton. + + The rude agitation [of water] breaks it into foam. + + +Boyle. + +(d) Barbarous; fierce; bloody; impetuous; -- said of war, conflict, and +the like; as, the rude shock of armies. (e) Not finished or complete; +inelegant; lacking chasteness or elegance; not in good taste; +unsatisfactory in mode of treatment; -- said of literature, language, +style, and the like. "The rude Irish books." Spenser. + + Rude am I in my speech. + + +Shak. + + Unblemished by my rude translation. + + +Dryden. + +Syn. -- Impertinent; rough; uneven; shapeless; unfashioned; rugged; +artless; unpolished; uncouth; inelegant; rustic; coarse; vulgar; +clownish; raw; unskillful; untaught; illiterate; ignorant; uncivil; +impolite; saucy; impudent; insolent; surly; currish; churlish; brutal; +uncivilized; barbarous; savage; violent; fierce; tumultuous; turbulent; +impetuous; boisterous; harsh; inclement; severe. See Impertiment. + +-- Rude"ly (#), adv. -- Rude"ness, n. + +Ru"den*ture (?; 135), n. [F., fr. L. rudens a rope.] (Arch.) Cabling. +See Cabling. gwilt. + +Ru"de*ra*ry (?), a. [L. ruderarius, fr. rudus, ruderis, stones crushed +and mixed with lime, old rubbish.] Of or pertaining to rubbish.. [Obs.] +Bailey. + +Rudes"by (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] An uncivil, turbulent fellow. +[Obs.] Shak. + +Rü"des*heim`er (?), n. A German wine made near Rüdesheim, on the Rhine. + +Ru"di*ment (?), n. [L. rudimentum, fr. rudis unwrought, ignorant, rude: +cf. F. rudiment. See Rude.] 1. That which is unformed or undeveloped; +the principle which lies at the bottom of any development; an +unfinished beginning. + + but I will bring thee where thou soon shalt quit Those rudiments, + and see before thine eyes The monarchies of the earth. + + +Milton. + + the single leaf is the rudiment of beauty in landscape. + + +I. Taylor. + +2. Hence, an element or first principle of any art or science; a +beginning of any knowledge; a first step. + + This boy is forest-born, And hath been tutored in the rudiments of + many desperate studies. + + +Shak. + + There he shall first lay down the rudiments Of his great warfare. + + +Milton. + +3. (Biol.) An imperfect organ or part, or one which is never developed. + +Ru"di*ment, v. t. To furnish with first principles or rules; to +insrtuct in the rudiments. Gayton. + +Ru`di*men"tal (?), a. Rudimentary. Addison. + +Ru`di*men"ta*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. rudimentaire.] 1. Of or pertaining to +rudiments; consisting in first principles; elementary; initial; as, +rudimental essays. + +2. (Biol.) Very imperfectly developed; in an early stage of +development; embryonic. + +Rud"ish (?), a. Somewhat rude. Foote. + +Ru*dis"tes (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. rudis rough.] (Paleon.) An extinct +order or suborder of bivalve mollusks characteristic of the Cretaceous +period; -- called also Rudista. See Illust. under Hippurite. + +Ru"di*ty (?), n. [L. ruditas ignorance, fr. rudis rude, illiterate.] +Rudeness; ignorance. [R.] + +Rud"mas*day (?), n. [See Rood, Mass, Day.] (R.C.Ch.) Either of the +feasts of the Holy Cross, occuring on May 3 and September 14, annually. + +Ru*dolph"ine (?), a. Pertaining to, or designating, a set of +astronomical tables computed by Kepler, and founded on the observations +of Tycho Brahe; -- so named from Rudolph II., emperor of Germany. + +Rue (?), n. [F. rue, L. ruta, akin to Gr. &?;; cf. AS. r&?;de.] 1. +(Bot.) A perennial suffrutescent plant (Ruta graveolens), having a +strong, heavy odor and a bitter taste; herb of grace. It is used in +medicine. + + Then purged with euphrasy and rue The visual nerve, for he had much + to see. + + +Milton. + + They [the exorcists] are to try the devil by holy water, incense, + sulphur, rue, which from thence, as we suppose, came to be called + herb of grace. + + +Jer. Taylor. + +2. Fig.: Bitterness; disappointment; grief; regret. + +Goat's rue. See under Goat. -- Rue anemone, a pretty springtime flower +(Thalictrum anemonides) common in the United States. -- Wall rue, a +little fern (Asplenium Ruta- muraria) common on walls in Europe. + +Rue, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ruing.] [OE. rewen, +reouwen, to grive, make sorry, AS. hreówan; akin to OS. hrewan, D. +rouwen, OHG. hriuwan, G. reun, Icel. hruggr grieved, hrugð sorrow. +√ 18. Cf. Ruth.] 1. To lament; to regret extremely; to grieve for +or over. Chaucer. + + I wept to see, and rued it from my heart. + + +Chapmen. + + Thy will Chose freely what it now so justly rues. + + +Milton. + +2. To cause to grieve; to afflict. [Obs.] "God wot, it rueth me." +Chaucer. + +3. To repent of, and withdraw from, as a bargain; to get released from. +[Prov. Eng.] + +Rue, v. i. 1. To have compassion. [Obs.] + + God so wisly [i. e., truly] on my soul rue. + + +Chaucer. + + Which stirred men's hearts to rue upon them. + + +Ridley. + +2. To feel sorrow and regret; to repent. + + Work by counsel and thou shalt not rue. + + +Chaucer. + + Old year, we'll dearly rue for you. + + +Tennyson. + +Rue, n. [AS. hreów. See Rue, v. t.] Sorrow; repetance. [Obs.] Shak. + +Rue"ful (?), a. 1. Causing one to rue or lament; woeful; mournful; +sorrowful. + +2. Expressing sorrow. "Rueful faces." Dryden. + + Two rueful figures, with long black cloaks. + + +Sir W. Scott. + +-- Rue"ful*ly, adv. -- Rue"ful*ness, n. + +Ru"ell bone` (?). See rewel bone. [Obs.] + +Ru*elle" (&?;), n. [F. ruelle a narrow street, a lan&?;, ruelle, fr. +rue a street.] A private circle or assembly at a private house; a +circle. [Obs.] Dryden. + +Ru*fes"cent (?), a. [L. rufescens, p. pr. of rufescere to become +reddish, fr. rufus red: cf. F. rufescent.] Reddish; tinged with red. + +Ruff (?), n. [F. ronfle; cf. It. ronfa, Pg. rufa, rifa.] (Card Playing) +(a) A game similar to whist, and the predecessor of it. Nares. + +(b) The act of trumping, especially when one has no card of the suit +led. + +Ruff, v. i. & t. (Card Playing) To trump. + +Ruff, n. [Of uncertain origin: cf. Icel. r&?;finn rough, uncombed, Pr. +ruf rude, rough, Sp. rufo frizzed, crisp, curled, G. raufen to pluck, +fight, rupfen to pluck, pull, E. rough. √18. Cf. Ruffle to +wrinkle.] 1. A muslin or linen collar plaited, crimped, or fluted, worn +formerly by both sexes, now only by women and children. + + Here to-morrow with his best ruff on. + + +Shak. + + His gravity is much lessened since the late proclamation came out + against ruffs; . . . they were come to that height of excess + herein, that twenty shillings were used to be paid for starching of + a ruff. + + +Howell. + +2. Something formed with plaits or flutings, like the collar of this +name. + + I reared this flower; . . . Soft on the paper ruff its leaves I + spread. + + +Pope. + +3. An exhibition of pride or haughtiness. + + How many princes . . . in the ruff of all their glory, have been + taken down from the head of a conquering army to the wheel of the + victor's chariot! + + +L'Estrange. + +4. Wanton or tumultuous procedure or conduct. [Obs.] + + To ruffle it out in a riotous ruff. + + +Latimer. + +5. (Mil.) A low, vibrating beat of a drum, not so loud as a roll; a +ruffle. + +6. (Mach.) A collar on a shaft ot other piece to prevent endwise +motion. See Illust. of Collar. + +7. (Zoöl.) A set of lengthened or otherwise modified feathers round, or +on, the neck of a bird. + +8. (Zoöl.) (a) A limicoline bird of Europe and Asia (Pavoncella, or +Philommachus, pugnax) allied to the sandpipers. The males during the +breeding season have a large ruff of erectile feathers, variable in +their colors, on the neck, and yellowish naked tubercles on the face. +They are polygamous, and are noted for their pugnacity in the breeding +season. The female is called reeve, or rheeve. (b) A variety of the +domestic pigeon, having a ruff of its neck. + +Ruff, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ruffed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ruffing.] 1. To +ruffle; to disorder. Spenser. + +2. (Mil.) To beat with the ruff or ruffle, as a drum. + +3. (Hawking) To hit, as the prey, without fixing it. + +{ Ruff, Ruffe } (?), n. [OE. ruffe.] (Zoöl.) A small freshwater +European perch (Acerina vulgaris); -- called also pope, blacktail, and +stone, or striped, perch. + +Ruffed (?), a. Furnished with a ruff. + +Ruffed grouse (Zoöl.), a North American grouse (Bonasa umbellus) common +in the wooded districts of the Northern United States. The male has a +ruff of brown or black feathers on each side of the neck, and is noted +for the loud drumming sound he makes during the breeding season. Called +also tippet grouse, partridge, birch partridge, pheasant, drummer, and +white-flesher. -- ruffed lemur (Zoöl.), a species of lemur (lemur +varius) having a conspicuous ruff on the sides of the head. Its color +is varied with black and white. Called also ruffed maucaco. + +Ruf"fian (? or ?; 277), n. [F. rufien, OF. ruffen, ruffian, pimp. +libertine, ake; cf. pr. & Sp. rufian, It. ruffiano; all perhaps of +German or Dutch origin; cf. G. raufen to pluck, scuffle, fight, OD. +roffen to pander. Cf. Ruffle to grow urbulent.] 1. A pimp; a pander; +also, a paramour. [Obs.] + + he [her husband] is no sooner abroad than she is instantly at home, + reveling with her ruffians. + + +Bp. Reynolds. + +2. A boisterous, cruel, brutal fellow; a desperate fellow ready for +murderous or cruel deeds; a cutthroat. + + Wilt thou on thy deathbed play the ruffian? + + +Shak. + +Ruf"fian, a. brutal; cruel; savagely boisterous; murderous; as, ruffian +rage. + +Ruf"fian, v. i. To play the ruffian; to rage; to raise tumult. [R.] +Shak. + +Ruf"fian*age (?), n. Ruffians, collectively; a body of ruffians. "The +vilest ruffianage." Sir F. Palgrave. + +Ruf"fian*ish, a. Having the qualities or manners of a ruffian; +ruffianly. + +Ruf"fian*like` (?), a. Ruffianly. Fulke. + +Ruf"fian*ly, a. Like a ruffian; bold in crimes; characteristic of a +ruffian; violent; brutal. + +Ruf"fian*ous (?), a. Ruffianly. [Obs.] Chapman. + +Ruf"fin (?), a. [See Ruffian.] Disordered. [Obs.] + + His ruffin rainment all was stained with blood. + + +Spenser. + +<! p. 1259 !> + +Ruf"fle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ruffled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ruffling +(?).] [From Ruff a plaited collar, a drum beat, a tumult: cf. OD. +ruyffelen to wrinkle.] 1. To make into a ruff; to draw or contract into +puckers, plaits, or folds; to wrinkle. + +2. To furnish with ruffles; as, to ruffle a shirt. + +3. To oughen or disturb the surface of; to make uneven by agitation or +commotion. + + The fantastic revelries . . . that so often ruffled the placid + bosom of the Nile. + + +I. Taylor. + + She smoothed the ruffled seas. + + +Dryden. + +4. To erect in a ruff, as feathers. + + [the swan] ruffles her pure cold plume. + + +Tennyson. + +5. (Mil.) To beat with the ruff or ruffle, as a drum. + +6. To discompose; to agitate; to disturb. + + These ruffle the tranquillity of the mind. + + +Sir W. Hamilton. + + But, ever after, the small violence done Rankled in him and ruffled + all his heart. + + +Tennyson. + +7. To throw into disorder or confusion. + + Where best He might the ruffled foe infest. + + +Hudibras. + +8. To throw together in a disorderly manner. [R.] + + I ruffled up falen leaves in heap. + + +Chapman + +To ruffle the feathers of, to exite the resentment of; to irritate. + +Ruf"fle (?), v. i. [Perhaps of different origin from ruffle to wrinkle; +cf. OD. roffeln, roffen, to pander, LG. raffein, Dan. ruffer a pimp. +Cf. Rufflan.] 1. To grow rough, boisterous, or turbulent. [R.] + + The night comes on, and the bleak winds Do sorely ruffle. + + +Shak. + +2. To become disordered; to play loosely; to flutter. + + On his right shoulder his thick mane reclined, Ruffles at speed, + and dances in the wind. + + +Dryden. + +3. To be rough; to jar; to be in contention; hence, to put on airs; to +swagger. + + They would ruffle with jurors. + + +Bacon. + + Gallants who ruffled in silk and embroidery. + + +Sir W. Scott. + +Ruf"fle, n. [See Ruffle, v. t. & i.] 1. That which is ruffled; +specifically, a strip of lace, cambric, or other fine cloth, plaited or +gathered on one edge or in the middle, and used as a trimming; a frill. + +2. A state of being ruffled or disturbed; disturbance; agitation; +commotion; as, to put the mind in a ruffle. + +3. (Mil.) A low, vibrating beat of a drum, not so loud as a roll; -- +called also ruff. H. L. Scott. + +4. (Zoöl.) The connected series of large egg capsules, or oöthecæ, of +any one of several species of American marine gastropods of the genus +Fulgur. See Oötheca. + +Ruffle of a boot, the top turned down, and scalloped or plaited. +Halliwell. + +Ruf"fle*less, a. Having no ruffle. + +Ruf"fle*ment (?), n. The act of ruffling. [R.] + +Ruf"fler (?), n. 1. One who ruffles; a swaggerer; a bully; a ruffian. + + Assaults, if not murders, done at his own doors by that crew of + rufflers. + + +Milton. + +2. That which ruffles; specifically, a sewing machine attachment for +making ruffles. + +Ru`fi*gal"lic (?), a. [Rufiopin + gallic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or +designating, an acid which is obtained from gallic acid as a brown or +red crystalline substance, and is related to rufiopin and anthracene. + +Ru`fi*o"pin (?), n. [L. rufus reddish + opianic.] (Chem.) A yellowish +red crystalline substance related to anthracene, and obtained from +opianic acid. + +Ru"fol (?), n. [L. rufus reddish + -ol.] (Chem.) A phenol derivative of +anthracene obtained as a white crystalline substance, which on +oxidation produces a red dyestuff related to anthraquinone. + +Ru"fous (?), a. [L. rufus.] Reddish; of a yellowish red or brownish red +color; tawny. + +Ruft (?), n. (Med.) Eructation; belching. [Obs.] + +Ruf"ter*hood (?), n. [Cf. Ruff a plaited collar.] (Falconry) A kind of +hood for a hawk. + +Rug (?), n. [Cf. Sw. rugg entanglend hair, ruggig rugged, shaggy, +probably akin to E. rough. See Rough, a.] 1. A kind of coarse, heavy +frieze, formerly used for garments. + + They spin the choicest rug in Ireland. A friend of mine . . . + repaired to Paris Garden clad in one of these Waterford rugs. The + mastiffs, . . . deeming he had been a bear, would fain have baited + him. + + +Holinshed. + +2. A piece of thick, nappy fabric, commonly made of wool, -- used for +various purposes, as for covering and ornamenting part of a bare floor, +for hanging in a doorway as a potière, for protecting a portion of +carpet, for a wrap to protect the legs from cold, etc. + +3. A rough, woolly, or shaggy dog. + +Rug gown, a gown made of rug, of or coarse, shaggy cloth. B. Johnson. + +Rug, v. t. To pull roughly or hastily; to plunder; to spoil; to tear. +[Scot.] Sir W. Scott. + +||Ru"ga (?), n.; pl. Rugæ (#). [L.] (Nat. Hist.) A wrinkle; a fold; as, +||the rugæ of the stomach. + +Ru"gate (?), a. [L. rugatus, p. p. of rugare to wrinkle, fr. ruga a +wrinkle.] Having alternate ridges and depressions; wrinkled. Dana. + +Rug"ged (?), a. [See Rug, n.] 1. Full of asperities on the surface; +broken into sharp or irregular points, or otherwise uneven; not smooth; +rough; as, a rugged mountain; a rugged road. + + The rugged bark of some broad elm. + + +Milton. + +2. Not neat or regular; uneven. + + His well-proportioned beard made rough and rugged. + + +Shak. + +3. Rough with bristles or hair; shaggy. "The rugged Russian bear." +Shak. + +4. Harsh; hard; crabbed; austere; -- said of temper, character, and the +like, or of persons. + + Neither melt nor endear him, but leave him as hard, rugged, and + unconcerned as ever. + + +South. + +5. Stormy; turbulent; tempestuous; rude. Milton. + +6. Rough to the ear; harsh; grating; -- said of sound, style, and the +like. + + Through the harsh cadence of a rugged line. + + +Dryden. + +7. Sour; surly; frowning; wrinkled; -- said of looks, etc. "Sleek o'er +your rugged looks." Shak. + +8. Violent; rude; boisterrous; -- said of conduct, manners, etc. + +9. Vigorous; robust; hardy; -- said of health, physique, etc. [Colloq. +U.S.] + +Syn. -- Rough; uneven; wrinkled; cragged; coarse; rude; harsh; hard; +crabbed; severe; austere; surly; sour; frowning; violent; boisterous; +tumultuous; turbulent; stormy; tempestuous; inclement. + +-- Rug"ged*ly (#), adv. -- Rug"ged*ness, n. + +Rug"ging (?), n. A coarse kind of woolen cloth, used for wrapping, +blanketing, etc. + +Rug"-gowned (?), a. Wearing a coarse gown or shaggy garment made of +rug. Beau. & Fl. + +Rug"gy (?), a. Rugged; rough. [Obs.] "With ruggy, ashy hairs." Chaucer. + +Rug"-head`ed (?), a. Having shaggy hair; shock-headed. [Obs.] + + Those rough rug-headed kerns. + + +Shak. + +Rug"in (?), n. A nappy cloth. [Obs.] Wiseman. + +Ru"gine (?), n. [F.] (Surg.) An instrument for scraping the periosteum +from bones; a raspatory. + +Ru"gine, v. t. [F. ruginer to scrape.] To scrape or rasp, as a bone; to +scale. [R.] Wiseman. + +||Ru*go"sa (?), n. pl. [NL. See Rugose.] (Paleon.) An extinct tribe of +||fossil corals, including numerous species, many of them of large +||size. They are characteristic of the Paleozoic formations. The +||radiating septs, when present, are usually in multiples of four. See +||Cyathophylloid. + +Ru*gose" (?), a. [L. rugosus, r. ruga a wrinkle.] Wrinkled; full of +wrinkles; specifically (Bot.), having the veinlets sunken and the +spaces between them elevated, as the leaves of the sage and horehound. + +Ru*gos"i*ty (?), n. [L. rugositas: cf. F. rugosité.] The quality or +state of being rugose. + +Ru"gous (?), a. [Cf. F. rugueux.] Wrinkled; rugose. + +Ru`gu*lose" (?), a. Somewhat rugose. + +Ruhm"korff's coil` (?). [So called from its inventor, Ruhmkorff, a +german physicist.] (Elec.) See Induction coil, under Induction. + +Ru"in (?), n. [OE. ruine, F. ruine, fr. L. ruina, fr. ruere, rutum, to +fall with violence, to rush or tumble down.] 1. The act of falling or +tumbling down; fall. [Obs.] "His ruin startled the other steeds." +Chapman. + +2. Such a change of anything as destroys it, or entirely defeats its +object, or unfits it for use; destruction; overthrow; as, the ruin of a +ship or an army; the ruin of a constitution or a government; the ruin +of health or hopes. "Ruin seize thee, ruthless king!" Gray. + +3. That which is fallen down and become worthless from injury or decay; +as, his mind is a ruin; especially, in the plural, the remains of a +destroyed, dilapidated, or desolate house, fortress, city, or the like. + + The Veian and the Gabian towers shall fall, And one promiscuous + ruin cover all; Nor, after length of years, a stone betray The + place where once the very ruins lay. + + +Addison. + + The labor of a day will not build up a virtuous habit on the ruins + of an old and vicious character. + + +Buckminster. + +4. The state of being dcayed, or of having become ruined or worthless; +as, to be in ruins; to go to ruin. + +5. That which promotes injury, decay, or destruction. + + The errors of young men are the ruin of business. + + +Bacon. + +Syn. -- Destruction; downfall; perdition; fall; overthrow; subversion; +defeat; bane; pest; mischief. + +Ru"in, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ruined (?);p. pr. & vb. n. Ruining.] [Cf. F. +ruiner, LL. ruinare. See Ruin, n.] To bring to ruin; to cause to fall +to pieces and decay; to make to perish; to bring to destruction; to +bring to poverty or bankruptcy; to impair seriously; to damage +essentially; to overthrow. + + this mortal house I'll ruin. + + +Shak. + + By thee raised, I ruin all my foes. + + +Milton. + + The eyes of other people are the eyes that ruin us. + + +Franklin. + + By the fireside there are old men seated, Seeling ruined cities in + the ashes. + + +Longfellow. + +Ru"in, v. i. To fall to ruins; to go to ruin; to become decayed or +dilapidated; to perish. [R.] + + Though he his house of polished marble build, Yet shall it ruin + like the moth's frail cell. + + +Sandys. + + If we are idle, and disturb the industrious in their business, we + shall ruin the faster. + + +Locke. + +Ru"in*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being ruined. + +Ru"in*ate (?), v. t. [LL. ruinatus, p. p. of ruinare to ruin. See +Ruin.] 1. To demolish; to subvert; to destroy; to reduce to poverty; to +ruin. + + I will not ruinate my f&?;ther's house. + + +Shak. + + Ruinating thereby the health of their bodies. + + +Burton. + +2. To cause to fall; to cast down. + + On the other side they saw that perilous rock Threatening itself on + them to ruinate. + + +Spenser. + +Ru"in*ate, v. i. To fall; to tumble. [Obs.] + +Ru"in*ate (?), a. [L. ruinatus, p. p.] Involved in ruin; ruined. + + My brother Edward lives in pomp and state, I in a mansion here all + ruinate. + + +J. Webster. + +Ru`in*a"tion (?), n. [LL. ruinatio.] The act of ruining, or the state +of being ruined. + +Ru"in*er (?), n. One who, or that which, ruins. + +Ru"in*i*form (?), a. [Ruin + - form: cf. F. ruiniforme.] Having the +appearance of ruins, or of the ruins of houses; -- said of certain +minerals. + +Ru"in*ous (?), a. [L. ruinosus: cf. F. ruineux. See Ruin.] 1. Causing, +or tending to cause, ruin; destructive; baneful; pernicious; as, a +ruinous project. + + After a night of storm so ruinous. + + +Milton. + +2. Characterized by ruin; ruined; dilapidated; as, an edifice, bridge, +or wall in a ruinous state. + +3. Composed of, or consisting in, ruins. + + Behold, Damascus . . . shall be a ruinous heap. + + +Isa. xvii. 1. + +Syn. -- Dilapidated; decayed; demolished; pernicious; destructive; +baneful; wasteful; mischievous. + +-- Ru"in*ous*ly (#), adv. -- Ru"in*ous*ness, n. + +Rukh (?), n. [Srr Roc.] 1. The roc. + +2. (Zoöl.) A large bird, supposed by some to be the same as the extinct +Epiornis of Madagascar. [Obs.] + +Rul"a*ble (?), a. That may be ruled; subject to rule; accordant or +conformable to rule. Bacon. + +Rule (?), n. [OE. reule, riule, OF. riule, reule, F. régle, fr. L. +regula a ruler, rule, model, fr. regere, rectum, to lead straight, to +direct. See Right, a., and cf. Regular.] 1. That which is prescribed or +laid down as a guide for conduct or action; a governing direction for a +specific purpose; an authoritative enactment; a regulation; a +prescription; a precept; as, the rules of various societies; the rules +governing a school; a rule of etiquette or propriety; the rules of +cricket. + + We profess to have embraced a religion which contains the most + exact rules for the government of our lives. + + +Tillotson. + +2. Hence: (a) Uniform or established course of things. + + 'T is against the rule of nature. + + +Shak. + +(b) Systematic method or practice; as, my ule is to rise at six +o'clock. (c) Ordibary course of procedure; usual way; comon state or +condition of things; as, it is a rule to which there are many +exeptions. (d) Conduct in general; behavior. [Obs.] + + This uncivil rule; she shall know of it. + + +Shak. + +3. The act of ruling; administration of law; government; empire; +authority; control. + + Obey them that have the rule over you. + + +Heb. xiii. 17. + + His stern rule the groaning land obeyed. + + +Pope. + +4. (Law) An order regulating the practice of the courts, or an order +made between parties to an action or a suit. Wharton. + +5. (Math.) A determinate method prescribed for performing any operation +and producing a certain result; as, a rule for extracting the cube +root. + +6. (Gram.) A general principle concerning the formation or use of +words, or a concise statement thereof; thus, it is a rule in England, +that s or es , added to a noun in the singular number, forms the plural +of that noun; but "man" forms its plural "men", and is an exception to +the rule. + +7. (a) A straight strip of wood, metal, or the like, which serves as a +guide in drawing a straight line; a ruler. (b) A measuring instrument +consisting of a graduated bar of wood, ivory, metal, or the like, which +is usually marked so as to show inches and fractions of an inch, and +jointed so that it may be folded compactly. + + A judicious artist will use his eye, but he will trust only to his + rule. + + +South. + +8. (Print.) (a) A thin plate of metal (usually brass) of the same +height as the type, and used for printing lines, as between columns on +the same page, or in tabular work. (b) A composing rule. See under +Conposing. + +As a rule, as a general thing; in the main; usually; as, he behaves +well, as a rule. -- Board rule, Caliber rule, etc. See under Board, +Caliber, etc. -- Rule joint, a knuckle joint having shoulders that abut +when the connected pieces come in line with each other, and thus permit +folding in one direction only. -- Rule of three (Arith.), that rule +which directs, when three terms are given, how to find a fourth, which +shall have the same ratio to the third term as the second has to the +first; proportion. See Proportion, 5 (b). -- Rule of thumb, any rude +process or operation, like that of using the thumb as a rule in +measuring; hence, judgment and practical experience as distinguished +from scientific knowledge. + +Syn. -- regulation; law; precept; maxim; guide; canon; order; method; +direction; control; government; sway; empire. + +Rule, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ruled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ruling.] [Cf. OF. +riuler, ruiler, L. regulare. See Rule, n., and cf. Regulate.] 1. To +control the will and actions of; to exercise authority or dominion +over; to govern; to manage. Chaucer. + + A bishop then must be blameless; . . . one that ruleth well his own + house, having his children in subjection. + + +1 Tim. iii. 2, 4. + +2. To control or direct by influence, counsel, or persuasion; to guide; +-- used chiefly in the passive. + + I think she will be ruled In all respects by me. + + +Shak. + +3. To establish or settle by, or as by, a rule; to fix by universal or +general consent, or by common practice. + + That's are ruled case with the schoolmen. + + +Atterbury. + +4. (Law) To require or command by rule; to give as a direction or order +of court. + +5. To mark with lines made with a pen, pencil, etc., guided by a rule +or ruler; to print or mark with lines by means of a rule or other +contrivance effecting a similar result; as, to rule a sheet of paper of +a blank book. + +Ruled surface (Geom.), any surface that may be described by a straight +line moving according to a given law; -- called also a scroll. + +Rule, v. i. 1. To have power or command; to exercise supreme authority; +-- often followed by over. + + By me princes rule, and nobles. + + +Prov. viii. 16. + + We subdue and rule over all other creatures. + + +Ray. + +2. (Law) To lay down and settle a rule or order of court; to decide an +incidental point; to enter a rule. Burril. Bouvier. + +3. (Com.) To keep within a (certain) range for a time; to be in +general, or as a rule; as, prices ruled lower yesterday than the day +before. + +Rule"less, a. Destitute of rule; lawless. Spenser. + +Rule"-mon`ger (?), n. A stickler for rules; a slave of rules [R.] Hare. + +<! p. 1260 !> + +Rul"er (rl"r), n. 1. One who rules; one who exercises sway or +authority; a governor. + + And he made him ruler over all the land. + + +Gen. xli. 43. + + A prince and ruler of the land. + + +Shak. + +2. A straight or curved strip of wood, metal, etc., with a smooth edge, +used for guiding a pen or pencil in drawing lines. Cf. Rule, n., 7 (a). + +Parallel ruler. See under Parallel. + +Rul"ing, a. 1. Predominant; chief; reigning; controlling; as, a ruling +passion; a ruling sovereign. + +2. Used in marking or engraving lines; as, a ruling machine or pen. + +Syn. -- Predominant; chief; controlling; directing; guiding; governing; +prevailing; prevalent. + +Rul"ing, n. 1. The act of one who rules; ruled lines. + +2. (Law) A decision or rule of a judge or a court, especially an oral +decision, as in excluding evidence. + +Rul"ing*ly, adv. In a ruling manner; so as to rule. + +Rul"li*chies (rl"l*chz), n. pl. [Cf. D. rolletje a little roll.] +Chopped meat stuffed into small bags of tripe. They are cut in slices +and fried. [Local, New York] + +Rul"y (?), a. [From Rule.] Orderly; easily restrained; -- opposed to +unruly. [Obs.] Gascoigne. + +Rum (?), n. [probably shortened from Prov. E. rumbullion a great +tumult, formerly applied in the island of Barbadoes to an intoxicating +liquor.] A kind of intoxicating liquor distilled from cane juice, or +from the scummings of the boiled juice, or from treacle or molasses, or +from the lees of former distillations. Also, sometimes used +colloquially as a generic or a collective name for intoxicating liquor. + +Rum bud, a grog blossom. [Colloq.] -- Rum shrub, a drink composed of +rum, water, sugar, and lime juice or lemon juice, with some flavoring +extract. + +Rum, a. [Formerly rome, a slang word for good; possibly of Gypsy +origin; cf. Gypsy rom a husband, a gypsy.] Old-fashioned; queer; odd; +as, a rum idea; a rum fellow. [Slang] Dickens. + +Rum, n. A queer or odd person or thing; a country parson. [Slang, Obs.] +Swift. + +Rum"ble (?), v. i. [OE. romblen, akin to D. rommelen, G. rumpeln, Dan. +rumle; cf. Icel. rymja to roar.] 1. To make a low, heavy, continued +sound; as, the thunder rumbles at a distance. + + In the mean while the skies 'gan rumble sore. + + +Surrey. + + The people cried and rombled up and down. + + +Chaucer. + +2. To murmur; to ripple. + + To rumble gently down with murmur soft. + + +Spenser. + +Rum"ble, n. 1. A noisy report; rumor. [Obs.] + + Delighting ever in rumble that is new. + + +Chaucer. + +2. A low, heavy, continuous sound like that made by heavy wagons or the +reverberation of thunder; a confused noise; as, the rumble of a +railroad train. + + Clamor and rumble, and ringing and clatter. + + +Tennyson. + + Merged in the rumble of awakening day. + + +H. James. + +3. A seat for servants, behind the body of a carriage. + + Kit, well wrapped, . . . was in the rumble behind. + + +Dickens. + +4. A rotating cask or box in which small articles are smoothed or +polished by friction against each other. + +Rum"ble, v. t. To cause to pass through a rumble, or shaking machine. +See Rumble, n., 4. + +Rum"bler (?), n. One who, or that which, rumbles. + +Rum"bling (?), a. & n. from Rumble, v. i. + +Rum"bling*ly, adv. In a rumbling manner. + +Rum"bo (?), n. Grog. [Obs.] Sir W. Scott. + +Rum*bow"line (?), n. (Naut.) Same as Rombowline. + +||Ru"men (?), n. [L. rumen, - inis, the throat.] 1. (Anat.) The first +||stomach of ruminants; the paunch; the fardingbag. See Illust. below. + +2. The cud of a ruminant. + +Ru"mi*cin (?), n. (Chem.) A yellow crystalline substance found in the +root of yellow dock (Rumex crispus) and identical with chrysophanic +acid. + +Rumi*nal (?), a. [L. ruminalis.] (Zoöl.) Ruminant; ruminating. [R.] + +Ru"mi*nant (?), a. [L. ruminans, -antis, p. pr.: cf. F. ruminant. See +Ruminate.] (Zoöl.) Chewing the cud; characterized by chewing again what +has been swallowed; of or pertaining to the Ruminantia. + +Ru"mi*nant, n. (Zoöl.) A ruminant animal; one of the Ruminantia. + +||Ru`mi*nan"ti*a (?), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) A division of Artiodactyla +||having four stomachs. This division includes the camels, deer, +||antelopes, goats, sheep, neat cattle, and allies. + + +The vegetable food, after the first mastication, enters the first +stomach (r). It afterwards passes into the second (n), where it is +moistened, and formed into pellets which the animal has the power of +bringing back to the mouth to be chewed again, after which it is +swallowed into the third stomach (m), whence it passes to the fourth +(s), where it is finally digested. + +Ru"mi*nant*ly (?), adv. In a ruminant manner; by ruminating, or chewing +the cud. + +Ru"mi*nate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ruminated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Ruminating.] [L. ruminatus, p. p. of ruminari, ruminare, fr. rumen, +-inis, throat, akin to ructare to belch, erugere to belch out, Gr. &?;, +AS. roccettan.] 1. To chew the cud; to chew again what has been +slightly chewed and swallowed. "Cattle free to ruminate." Wordsworth. + +2. Fig.: To think again and again; to muse; to meditate; to ponder; to +reflect. Cowper. + + Apart from the hope of the gospel, who is there that ruminates on + the felicity of heaven? + + +I. Taylor. + +Ru"mi*nate (?), v. t. 1. To chew over again. + +2. Fig.: To meditate or ponder over; to muse on. + + Mad with desire, she ruminates her sin. + + +Dryden. + + What I know Is ruminated, plotted, and set down. + + +Shak. + +{ Ru"mi*nate (?), Ru"mi*na`ted (?) }, a. (Bot.) Having a hard albumen +penetrated by irregular channels filled with softer matter, as the +nutmeg and the seeds of the North American papaw. + +Ru`mi*na"tion (?), n. [L. ruminatio: cf. F. rumination.] 1. The act or +process of ruminating, or chewing the cud; the habit of chewing the +cud. + + Rumination is given to animals to enable them at once to lay up a + great store of food, and afterward to chew it. + + +Arbuthnot. + +2. The state of being disposed to ruminate or ponder; deliberate +meditation or reflection. + + Retiring full of rumination sad. + + +Thomson. + +3. (Physiol.) The regurgitation of food from the stomach after it has +been swallowed, -- occasionally observed as a morbid phenomenon in man. + +Ru"mi*na*tive (?), a. Inclined to, or engaged in, rumination or +meditation. + +Ru"mi*na`tor (?), n. [L.] One who ruminates or muses; a meditator. + +Rum"kin (?), n. [Cf. Rummer, and see -kin.] A popular or jocular name +for a drinking vessel. [Obs.] + +Rum"mage (?; 48), n. [For roomage, fr. room; hence originally, a making +room, a packing away closely. See Room.] 1. (Naut.) A place or room for +the stowage of cargo in a ship; also, the act of stowing cargo; the +pulling and moving about of packages incident to close stowage; -- +formerly written romage. [Obs.] + +2. A searching carefully by looking into every corner, and by turning +things over. + + He has made such a general rummage and reform in the office of + matrimony. + + +Walpole. + +Rummage sale, a clearance sale of unclaimed goods in a public store, or +of odds and ends which have accumulated in a shop. Simmonds. + +Rum"mage, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rummaged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Rummaging +(?).] 1. (Naut.) To make room in, as a ship, for the cargo; to move +about, as packages, ballast, so as to permit close stowage; to stow +closely; to pack; -- formerly written roomage, and romage. [Obs.] + + They might bring away a great deal more than they do, if they would + take pain in the romaging. + + +Hakluyt. + +2. To search or examine thoroughly by looking into every corner, and +turning over or removing goods or other things; to examine, as a book, +carefully, turning over leaf after leaf. + + He . . . searcheth his pockets, and taketh his keys, and so + rummageth all his closets and trunks. + + +Howell. + + What schoolboy of us has not rummaged his Greek dictionary in vain + for a satisfactory account! + + +M. Arnold. + +Rum"mage, v. i. To search a place narrowly. + + I have often rummaged for old books in Little Britain and Duck + Lane. + + +Swift. + + [His house] was haunted with a jolly ghost, that . . . . . . + rummaged like a rat. + + +Tennyson. + +Rum"ma*ger (?), n. 1. One who rummages. + +2. (Naut.) A person on shipboard whose business was to take charge of +stowing the cargo; -- formerly written roomager, and romager. [Obs.] + + The master must provide a perfect mariner, called a romager, to + range and bestow all merchandise. + + +Hakluyt. + +Rum"mer (&?;), n. [D. roemer, romer, akin to G. römer, Sw. remmare; +perhaps properly, Roman.] A large and tall glass, or drinking cup. +[Obs.] J. Philips. + +Rum"my (?), a. Of or pertaining to rum; characteristic of rum; as a +rummy flavor. + +Rum"my, n.; pl. Rummies (&?;). One who drinks rum; an habitually +intemperate person. [Low] + +Rum"my, a. [See Rum, a.] Strange; odd. [Slang] + +Rum"ney (?), n. A sort of Spanish wine. [Obs.] + +Ru"mor (?), n. [F. rumeur, L. rumor; cf. rumificare, rumitare to rumor, +Skr. ru to cry.] [Written also rumour.] 1. A flying or popular report; +the common talk; hence, public fame; notoriety. + + This rumor of him went forth throughout all Judea, and throughout + all the region round about. + + +Luke vii. 17. + + Great is the rumor of this dreadful knight. + + +Shak. + +2. A current story passing from one person to another, without any +known authority for its truth; -- in this sense often personified. + + Rumor next, and Chance, And Tumult, and Confusion, all embroiled. + + +Milton. + +3. A prolonged, indistinct noise. [Obs.] Shak. + +Ru"mor, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rumored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Rumoring.] To +report by rumor; to tell. + + 'T was rumored My father 'scaped from out the citadel. + + +Dryden. + +Ru"mor*er (?), n. A teller of news; especially, one who spreads false +reports. Shak. + +Ru"mor*ous (?), a. [Cf. OF. rumoreux, It. rumoroso, romoroso.] 1. Of or +pertaining to a rumor; of the nature of rumors. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton. + +2. Famous; notorious. [Obs.] Bale. + +3. Murmuring. [Obs. or Poetic] Drayton. + +Rump (?), n. [OE. rumpe; akin to D. romp trunk, body, LG. rump, G. +rumpf, Dan. rumpe rump, Icel. rumpr, Sw. rumpa rump, tail.] 1. The end +of the backbone of an animal, with the parts adjacent; the buttock or +buttocks. + +2. Among butchers, the piece of beef between the sirloin and the +aitchbone piece. See Illust. of Beef. + +3. Fig.: The hind or tail end; a fag-end; a remnant. + +Rump Parliament, or The Rump (Eng. Hist.), the remnant of the Long +Parliament after the expulsion by Cromwell in 1648 of those who opposed +his purposes. It was dissolved by Cromwell in 1653, but twice revived +for brief sessions, ending finally in 1659. + + The Rump abolished the House of Lords, the army abolished the Rump, + and by this army of saints Cromwell governed. + + +Swift. + +-- Rump steak, a beefsteak from the rump. Goldsmith. + +Rump"er (?), n. A member or a supporter of the Rump Parliament. I. +Disraeli. + +Rump"-fed (?), a. A Shakespearean word of uncertain meaning. Perhaps +"fattened in the rump, pampered." "The rump-fed ronyon." + +Rum"ple (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Rumpled p. pr. & vb. n. Rumpling +(&?;).] [Cf. rimple, and D. rimpelen to wrinkle, rompelig rough, +uneven, G. rümpfen to wrinkle, MHG. rümphen, OHG. rimpfan, Gr. "ra`mfos +the crooked beak of birds of prey, &?; to roam.] To make uneven; to +form into irregular inequalities; to wrinkle; to crumple; as, to rumple +an apron or a cravat. + + They would not give a dog's ear of their most rumpled and ragged + Scotch paper for twenty of your fairest assignats. + + +Burke. + +Rum"ple, n. A fold or plait; a wrinkle. Dryden. + +Rum"pled (?), a. Wrinkled; crumpled. Pope. + +Rump"less (?), a. Destitute of a rump. + +Rum"ply (?), a. Rumpled. Carlyle. + +Rum"pus (?), n. A disturbance; noise and confusion; a quarrel. +[Colloq.] + +Rum"sell`er (?), n. One who sells rum; one who deals in intoxicating +liquors; especially, one who sells spirituous beverages at retail. + +Run (?), v. i. [imp. Ran (?) or Run; p. p. Run; p. pr. & vb. n. +Running.] [OE. rinnen, rennen (imp. ran, p. p. runnen, ronnen). AS. +rinnan to flow (imp. ran, p. p. gerunnen), and iernan, irnan, to run +(imp. orn, arn, earn, p. p. urnen); akin to D. runnen, rennen, OS. & +OHG. rinnan, G. rinnen, rennen, Icel. renna, rinna, Sw. rinna, ränna, +Dan. rinde, rende, Goth. rinnan, and perh. to L. oriri to rise, Gr. &?; +to stir up, rouse, Skr. &?; (cf. Origin), or perh. to L. rivus brook +(cf. Rival). √11. Cf. Ember, a., Rennet.] 1. To move, proceed, +advance, pass, go, come, etc., swiftly, smoothly, or with quick action; +-- said of things animate or inanimate. Hence, to flow, glide, or roll +onward, as a stream, a snake, a wagon, etc.; to move by quicker action +than in walking, as a person, a horse, a dog. Specifically: -- + +2. Of voluntary or personal action: (a) To go swiftly; to pass at a +swift pace; to hasten. + + "Ha, ha, the fox!" and after him they ran. + + +Chaucer. + +(b) To flee, as from fear or danger. + + As from a bear a man would run for life. + + +Shak. + +(c) To steal off; to depart secretly. + + My conscience will serve me to run from this jew. + + +Shak. + +(d) To contend in a race; hence, to enter into a contest; to become a +candidate; as, to run for Congress. + + Know ye not that they which run in a race run all, but one + receiveth the prize? So run, that ye may obtain. + + +1 Cor. ix. 24. + +(e) To pass from one state or condition to another; to come into a +certain condition; -- often with in or into; as, to run into evil +practices; to run in debt. + + Have I not cause to rave and beat my breast, to rend my heart with + grief and run distracted? + + +Addison. + +(f) To exert continuous activity; to proceed; as, to run through life; +to run in a circle. (g) To pass or go quickly in thought or +conversation; as, to run from one subject to another. + + Virgil, in his first Georgic, has run into a set of precepts + foreign to his subject. + + +Addison. + +(h) To discuss; to continue to think or speak about something; -- with +on. (i) To make numerous drafts or demands for payment, as upon a bank; +-- with on. (j) To creep, as serpents. + +3. Of involuntary motion: (a) To flow, as a liquid; to ascend or +descend; to course; as, rivers run to the sea; sap runs up in the +spring; her blood ran cold. (b) To proceed along a surface; to extend; +to spread. + + The fire ran along upon the ground. + + +Ex. ix. 23. + +(c) To become fluid; to melt; to fuse. + + As wax dissolves, as ice begins to run. + + +Addison. + + Sussex iron ores run freely in the fire. + + +Woodward. + +(d) To turn, as a wheel; to revolve on an axis or pivot; as, a wheel +runs swiftly round. (e) To travel; to make progress; to be moved by +mechanical means; to go; as, the steamboat runs regularly to Albany; +the train runs to Chicago. (f) To extend; to reach; as, the road runs +from Philadelphia to New York; the memory of man runneth not to the +contrary. + + She saw with joy the line immortal run, Each sire impressed, and + glaring in his son. + + +Pope. + +(g) To go back and forth from place to place; to ply; as, the stage +runs between the hotel and the station. (h) To make progress; to +proceed; to pass. + + As fast as our time runs, we should be very glad in most part of + our lives that it ran much faster. + + +Addison. + +(i) To continue in operation; to be kept in action or motion; as, this +engine runs night and day; the mill runs six days in the week. + + When we desire anything, our minds run wholly on the good + circumstances of it; when it is obtained, our minds run wholly on + the bad ones. + + +Swift. + +(j) To have a course or direction; as, a line runs east and west. + + Where the generally allowed practice runs counter to it. + + +Locke. + + Little is the wisdom, where the flight So runs against all reason. + + +Shak. + +(k) To be in form thus, as a combination of words. + + The king's ordinary style runneth, "Our sovereign lord the king." + + +Bp. Sanderson. + +(l) To be popularly known; to be generally received. + + Men gave them their own names, by which they run a great while in + Rome. + + +Sir W. Temple. + + Neither was he ignorant what report ran of himself. + + +Knolles. + +<! p. 1261 !> + +(m) To have growth or development; as, boys and girls run up rapidly. + + If the richness of the ground cause turnips to run to leaves. + + +Mortimer. + +(n) To tend, as to an effect or consequence; to incline. + + A man's nature runs either to herbs or weeds. + + +Bacon. + + Temperate climates run into moderate governments. + + +Swift. + +(o) To spread and blend together; to unite; as, colors run in washing. + + In the middle of a rainbow the colors are . . . distinguished, but + near the borders they run into one another. + + +I. Watts. + +(p) To have a legal course; to be attached; to continue in force, +effect, or operation; to follow; to go in company; as, certain +covenants run with the land. + + Customs run only upon our goods imported or exported, and that but + once for all; whereas interest runs as well upon our ships as + goods, and must be yearly paid. + + +Sir J. Child. + +(q) To continue without falling due; to hold good; as, a note has +thirty days to run. (r) To discharge pus or other matter; as, an ulcer +runs. (s) To be played on the stage a number of successive days or +nights; as, the piece ran for six months. (t) (Naut.) To sail before +the wind, in distinction from reaching or sailing closehauled; -- said +of vessels. + +4. Specifically, of a horse: To move rapidly in a gait in which each +leg acts in turn as a propeller and a supporter, and in which for an +instant all the limbs are gathered in the air under the body. Stillman +(The Horse in Motion). + +5. (Athletics) To move rapidly by springing steps so that there is an +instant in each step when neither foot touches the ground; -- so +distinguished from walking in athletic competition. + +As things run, according to the usual order, conditions, quality, etc.; +on the average; without selection or specification. -- To let run +(Naut.), to allow to pass or move freely; to slacken or loosen. -- To +run after, to pursue or follow; to search for; to endeavor to find or +obtain; as, to run after similes. Locke. -- To run away, to flee; to +escape; to elope; to run without control or guidance. -- To run away +with. (a) To convey away hurriedly; to accompany in escape or +elopement. (b) To drag rapidly and with violence; as, a horse runs away +with a carriage. -- To run down. (a) To cease to work or operate on +account of the exhaustion of the motive power; -- said of clocks, +watches, etc. (b) To decline in condition; as, to run down in health. +-- To run down a coast, to sail along it. -- To run for an office, to +stand as a candidate for an office. -- To run in or into. (a) To enter; +to step in. (b) To come in collision with. -- To run in trust, to run +in debt; to get credit. [Obs.] -- To run in with. (a) To close; to +comply; to agree with. [R.] T. Baker. (b) (Naut.) To make toward; to +near; to sail close to; as, to run in with the land. -- To run mad, To +run mad after or on. See under Mad. -- To run on. (a) To be continued; +as, their accounts had run on for a year or two without a settlement. +(b) To talk incessantly. (c) To continue a course. (d) To press with +jokes or ridicule; to abuse with sarcasm; to bear hard on. (e) (Print.) +To be continued in the same lines, without making a break or beginning +a new paragraph. -- To run out. (a) To come to an end; to expire; as, +the lease runs out at Michaelmas. (b) To extend; to spread. "Insectile +animals . . . run all out into legs." Hammond. (c) To expatiate; as, to +run out into beautiful digressions. (d) To be wasted or exhausted; to +become poor; to become extinct; as, an estate managed without economy +will soon run out. + + And had her stock been less, no doubt She must have long ago run + out. + + +Dryden. + +-- To run over. (a) To overflow; as, a cup runs over, or the liquor +runs over. (b) To go over, examine, or rehearse cursorily. (c) To ride +or drive over; as, to run over a child. -- To run riot, to go to +excess. -- To run through. (a) To go through hastily; as to run through +a book. (b) To spend wastefully; as, to run through an estate. -- To +run to seed, to expend or exhaust vitality in producing seed, as a +plant; figuratively and colloquially, to cease growing; to lose vital +force, as the body or mind. -- To run up, to rise; to swell; to grow; +to increase; as, accounts of goods credited run up very fast. + + But these, having been untrimmed for many years, had run up into + great bushes, or rather dwarf trees. + + +Sir W. Scott. + +-- To run with. (a) To be drenched with, so that streams flow; as, the +streets ran with blood. (b) To flow while charged with some foreign +substance. "Its rivers ran with gold." J. H. Newman. + +Run (&?;), v. t. 1. To cause to run (in the various senses of Run, v. +i.); as, to run a horse; to run a stage; to run a machine; to run a +rope through a block. + +2. To pursue in thought; to carry in contemplation. + + To run the world back to its first original. + + +South. + + I would gladly understand the formation of a soul, and run it up to + its "punctum saliens." + + +Collier. + +3. To cause to enter; to thrust; as, to run a sword into or through the +body; to run a nail into the foot. + + You run your head into the lion's mouth. + + +Sir W. Scott. + + Having run his fingers through his hair. + + +Dickens. + +4. To drive or force; to cause, or permit, to be driven. + + They ran the ship aground. + + +Acts xxvii. 41. + + A talkative person runs himself upon great inconveniences by + blabbing out his own or other's secrets. + + +Ray. + + Others, accustomed to retired speculations, run natural philosophy + into metaphysical notions. + + +Locke. + +5. To fuse; to shape; to mold; to cast; as, to run bullets, and the +like. + + The purest gold must be run and washed. + + +Felton. + +6. To cause to be drawn; to mark out; to indicate; to determine; as, to +run a line. + +7. To cause to pass, or evade, offical restrictions; to smuggle; -- +said of contraband or dutiable goods. + + Heavy impositions . . . are a strong temptation of running goods. + + +Swift. + +8. To go through or accomplish by running; as, to run a race; to run a +certain career. + +9. To cause to stand as a candidate for office; to support for office; +as, to run some one for Congress. [Colloq. U.S.] + +10. To encounter or incur, as a danger or risk; as, to run the risk of +losing one's life. See To run the chances, below. "He runneth two +dangers." Bacon. + +11. To put at hazard; to venture; to risk. + + He would himself be in the Highlands to receive them, and run his + fortune with them. + + +Clarendon. + +12. To discharge; to emit; to give forth copiously; to be bathed with; +as, the pipe or faucet runs hot water. + + At the base of Pompey's statua, Which all the while ran blood, + great Cæsar fell. + + +Shak. + +13. To be charged with, or to contain much of, while flowing; as, the +rivers ran blood. + +14. To conduct; to manage; to carry on; as, to run a factory or a +hotel. [Colloq. U.S.] + +15. To tease with sarcasms and ridicule. [Colloq.] + +16. To sew, as a seam, by passing the needle through material in a +continuous line, generally taking a series of stitches on the needle at +the same time. + +17. To migrate or move in schools; -- said of fish; esp., to ascend a +river in order to spawn. + +To run a blockade, to get to, or away from, a blockaded port in safety. +-- To run down. (a) (Hunting) To chase till the object pursued is +captured or exhausted; as, to run down a stag. (b) (Naut.) To run +against and sink, as a vessel. (c) To crush; to overthrow; to overbear. +"Religion is run down by the license of these times." Berkeley. (d) To +disparage; to traduce. F. W. Newman. -- To run hard. (a) To press in +competition; as, to run one hard in a race. (b) To urge or press +importunately. (c) To banter severely. - - To run into the ground, to +carry to an absurd extreme; to overdo. [Slang, U.S.] -- To run off, to +cause to flow away, as a charge of molten metal from a furnace. -- To +run on (Print.), to carry on or continue, as the type for a new +sentence, without making a break or commencing a new paragraph. -- To +run out. (a) To thrust or push out; to extend. (b) To waste; to +exhaust; as, to run out an estate. (c) (Baseball) To put out while +running between two bases. -- To run the chances, or one's chances, to +encounter all the risks of a certain course. -- To run through, to +transfix; to pierce, as with a sword. "[He] was run through the body by +the man who had asked his advice." Addison. -- To run up. (a) To thrust +up, as anything long and slender. (b) To increase; to enlarge by +additions, as an account. (c) To erect hastily, as a building. + +Run (?), n. 1. The act of running; as, a long run; a good run; a quick +run; to go on the run. + +2. A small stream; a brook; a creek. + +3. That which runs or flows in the course of a certain operation, or +during a certain time; as, a run of must in wine making; the first run +of sap in a maple orchard. + +4. A course; a series; that which continues in a certain course or +series; as, a run of good or bad luck. + + They who made their arrangements in the first run of misadventure . + . . put a seal on their calamities. + + +Burke. + +5. State of being current; currency; popularity. + + It is impossible for detached papers to have a general run, or long + continuance, if not diversified with humor. + + +Addison. + +6. Continued repetition on the stage; -- said of a play; as, to have a +run of a hundred successive nights. + + A canting, mawkish play . . . had an immense run. + + +Macaulay. + +7. A continuing urgent demand; especially, a pressure on a bank or +treasury for payment of its notes. + +8. A range or extent of ground for feeding stock; as, a sheep run. +Howitt. + +9. (Naut.) (a) The aftermost part of a vessel's hull where it narrows +toward the stern, under the quarter. (b) The distance sailed by a ship; +as, a good run; a run of fifty miles. (c) A voyage; as, a run to China. + +10. A pleasure excursion; a trip. [Colloq.] + + I think of giving her a run in London. + + +Dickens. + +11. (Mining) The horizontal distance to which a drift may be carried, +either by license of the proprietor of a mine or by the nature of the +formation; also, the direction which a vein of ore or other substance +takes. + +12. (Mus.) A roulade, or series of running tones. + +13. (Mil.) The greatest degree of swiftness in marching. It is executed +upon the same principles as the double-quick, but with greater speed. + +14. The act of migrating, or ascending a river to spawn; -- said of +fish; also, an assemblage or school of fishes which migrate, or ascend +a river for the purpose of spawning. + +15. In baseball, a complete circuit of the bases made by a player, +which enables him to score one; in cricket, a passing from one wicket +to the other, by which one point is scored; as, a player made three +runs; the side went out with two hundred runs. + + The "runs" are made from wicket to wicket, the batsmen + interchanging ends at each run. + + +R. A. Proctor. + +16. A pair or set of millstones. + +At the long run, now, commonly, In the long run, in or during the whole +process or course of things taken together; in the final result; in the +end; finally. + + [Man] starts the inferior of the brute animals, but he surpasses + them in the long run. + + +J. H. Newman. + +-- Home run. (a) A running or returning toward home, or to the point +from which the start was made. Cf. Home stretch. (b) (Baseball) See +under Home. -- The run, or The common run, etc., ordinary persons; the +generality or average of people or things; also, that which ordinarily +occurs; ordinary current, course, or kind. + + I saw nothing else that is superior to the common run of parks. + + +Walpole. + + Burns never dreamed of looking down on others as beneath him, + merely because he was conscious of his own vast superiority to the + common run of men. + + +Prof. Wilson. + + His whole appearance was something out of the common run. + + +W. Irving. + +-- To let go by the run (Naut.), to loosen and let run freely, as +lines; to let fall without restraint, as a sail. + +Run, a. 1. Melted, or made from molten material; cast in a mold; as, +run butter; run iron or lead. + +2. Smuggled; as, run goods. [Colloq.] Miss Edgeworth. + +Run steel, malleable iron castings. See under Malleable. Raymond. + +Run"a*gate (?), n. [F. renégat, Prov. renegat. LL. renegatus; confused +with E. run and gate a way. See Renegade.] A fugitive; a vagabond; an +apostate; a renegade. See Renegade. Bunyan. + + Wretched runagates from the jail. + + +De Quincey. + + Who has not been a runagate from duty? + + +Hare. + +Run"a*way` (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, flees from danger, duty, +restraint, etc.; a fugitive. + + Thou runaway, thou coward, art thou fled? + + +Shak. + +2. The act of running away, esp. of a horse or teams; as, there was a +runaway yesterday. + +Run"a*way`, a. 1. Running away; fleeing from danger, duty, restraint, +etc.; as, runaway soldiers; a runaway horse. + +2. Accomplished by running away or elopement, or during flight; as, a +runaway marriage. + +Run*ca"tion (?), n. [L. runcatio, fr. runcare to weed out.] A weeding. +[Obs.] Evelyn. + +Runch (?), n. (Bot.) The wild radish. Dr. Prior. + +Run"ci*nate (?), a. [L. runcinatus, p. p. of runcinare to plane off, +fr. runcina a plane.] (Bot.) Pinnately cut with the lobes pointing +downwards, as the leaf of the dandelion. + +Run"del (?), n. [Cf. Rindle.] A moat with water in it; also, a small +stream; a runlet. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. + +Run"del, n. [Cf. Rundle.] A circle. [Prov. Eng.] + +Run"dle (?), n. [E. round. Cf. Rondle.] 1. A round; a step of a ladder; +a rung. Duppa. + +2. A ball. [Obs.] Holland. + +3. Something which rotates about an axis, as a wheel, or the drum of a +capstan. "An axis or cylinder having a rundle about it." Bp. Wilkins. + +4. (Mach.) One of the pins or trundles of a lantern wheel. + +Rund"let (?), n. [Dim. of OF. rondele a little tun, fr. rond round. See +Round, and cf. Roundlet, Runlet.] A small barrel of no certain +dimensions. It may contain from 3 to 20 gallons, but it usually holds +about 14½ gallons. [Written also runlet.] + +Rune (rn), n. [AS. rn a rune, a secret, a mystery; akin to Icel. rn, +OHG. & Goth. rna a secret, secret colloquy, G. & Dan. rune rune, and +probably to Gr. 'ereyna^n to search for. Cf. Roun to whisper.] 1. A +letter, or character, belonging to the written language of the ancient +Norsemen, or Scandinavians; in a wider sense, applied to the letters of +the ancient nations of Northern Europe in general. + +The Norsemen had a peculiar alphabet, consisting of sixteen letters, or +characters, called runes, the origin of which is lost in the remotest +antiquity. The signification of the word rune (mystery) seems to allude +to the fact that originally only a few were acquainted with the use of +these marks, and that they were mostly applied to secret tricks, +witchcrafts and enchantments. But the runes were also used in +communication by writing. + +2. pl. Old Norse poetry expressed in runes. + + Runes were upon his tongue, As on the warrior's sword. + + +Longfellow. + +Rune stone, a stone bearing a runic inscription. + +Ru"ner (?), n. A bard, or learned man, among the ancient Goths. Sir W. +Temple. + +Rung (?), imp. & p. p. of Ring. + +Rung, n. [OE. ronge, AS. hrung, a staff, rod, pole; akin to G. runge a +short, thick piece of iron or wood, OD. ronghe a prop, support, Icel. +röng a rib in a ship, Goth. Hrugga a staff.] 1. (Shipbuilding) A floor +timber in a ship. + +2. One of the rounds of a ladder. + +3. One of the stakes of a cart; a spar; a heavy staff. + +4. (Mach.) One of the radial handles projecting from the rim of a +steering wheel; also, one of the pins or trundles of a lantern wheel. + +Rung"head` (?), n. (Shipbuilding) The upper end of a floor timber in a +ship. + +Ru"nic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a rune, to runes, or to the +Norsemen; as, runic verses; runic letters; runic names; runic rhyme. + +Runic staff. See Clog almanac, under Clog. -- Runic wand, a willow wand +bearing runes, formerly thought to have been used by the heathen tribes +of Northern Europe in magical ceremonies. + +Run"let (?), n. [Run + - let.] A little run or stream; a streamlet; a +brook. + + To trace out to its marshy source every runlet that has cast in its + tiny pitcherful with the rest. + + +Lowell. + +Run"let, n. Same as Rundlet. "A stoup of sack, or a runlet of canary." +Sir W. Scott. + +Run"nel (?), n. [From Run. Cf. Rindle.] A rivulet or small brook. + + Bubbling runnels joined the sound. + + +Collins. + + By the very sides of the way . . . there are slow runnels, in which + one can see the minnows swimming. + + +Masson. + +Run"ner (?), n. [From Run.] 1. One who, or that which, runs; a racer. + +2. A detective. [Slang, Eng.] Dickens. + +3. A messenger. Swift. + +4. A smuggler. [Colloq.] R. North. + +5. One employed to solicit patronage, as for a steamboat, hotel, shop, +etc. [Cant, U.S.] + +6. (Bot.) A slender trailing branch which takes root at the joints or +end and there forms new plants, as in the strawberry and the common +cinquefoil. + +7. The rotating stone of a set of millstones. + +8. (Naut.) A rope rove through a block and used to increase the +mechanical power of a tackle. Totten. + +<! p. 1262 !> + +9. One of the pieces on which a sled or sleigh slides; also the part or +blade of a skate which slides on the ice. + +10. (Founding) (a) A horizontal channel in a mold, through which the +metal flows to the cavity formed by the pattern; also, the waste metal +left in such a channel. (b) A trough or channel for leading molten +metal from a furnace to a ladle, mold, or pig bed. + +11. The movable piece to which the ribs of an umbrella are attached. + +12. (Zoöl.) A food fish (Elagatis pinnulatus) of Florida and the West +Indies; -- called also skipjack, shoemaker, and yellowtail. The name +alludes to its rapid successive leaps from the water. + +13. (Zoöl.) Any cursorial bird. + +14. (Mech.) (a) A movable slab or rubber used in grinding or polishing +a surface of stone. (b) A tool on which lenses are fastened in a group, +for polishing or grinding. + +Run"net (?), n. See Rennet. + +Run"ning (?), a. 1. Moving or advancing by running. Specifically, of a +horse; (a) Having a running gait; not a trotter or pacer. (b) trained +and kept for running races; as, a running horse. Law. + +2. Successive; one following the other without break or intervention; +-- said of periods of time; as, to be away two days running; to sow +land two years running. + +3. Flowing; easy; cursive; as, a running hand. + +4. Continuous; keeping along step by step; as, he stated the facts with +a running explanation. "A running conquest." Milton. + + What are art and science if not a running commentary on Nature? + + +Hare. + +5. (Bot.) Extending by a slender climbing or trailing stem; as, a +running vine. + +6. (Med.) Discharging pus; as, a running sore. + +Running block (Mech.), a block in an arrangement of pulleys which rises +or sinks with the weight which is raised or lowered. -- Running board, +a narrow platform extending along the side of a locomotive. -- Running +bowsprit (Naut.) Same as Reefing bowsprit. -- Running days (Com.), the +consecutive days occupied on a voyage under a charter party, including +Sundays and not limited to the working days. Simmonds. -- Running fire, +a constant fire of musketry or cannon. -- Running gear, the wheels and +axles of a vehicle, and their attachments, in distinction from the +body; all the working parts of a locomotive or other machine, in +distinction from the framework. - - Running hand, a style of rapid +writing in which the letters are usually slanted and the words formed +without lifting the pen; -- distinguished from round hand. -- Running +part (Naut.), that part of a rope that is hauled upon, -- in +distinction from the standing part. -- Running rigging (Naut.), that +part of a ship's rigging or ropes which passes through blocks, etc.; -- +in distinction from standing rigging. -- Running title (Print.), the +title of a book or chapter continued from page to page on the upper +margin. + +Run"ning, n. The act of one who, or of that which runs; as, the running +was slow. + +2. That which runs or flows; the quantity of a liquid which flows in a +certain time or during a certain operation; as, the first running of a +still. + +3. The discharge from an ulcer or other sore. + +At long running, in the long run. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. + +Run"ning*ly, adv. In a running manner. + +Run"nion (?), n. See Ronion. + +Ru*nol"o*gy (?), n. [Rune + - logy.] The science of runes. -- +Ru*nol"o*gist (#), n. + +Run"round` (?), n. A felon or whitlow. [Colloq. U.S.] + +Runt (?), n. [Written also rant.] [Scot. runt an old cow, an old, +withered woman, a hardened stem or stalk, the trunk of a tree; cf. D. +rund a bullock, an ox or cow, G. rind. Cf. Rother, a.] 1. (Zoöl.) Any +animal which is unusually small, as compared with others of its kind; +-- applied particularly to domestic animals. + +2. (Zoöl.) A variety of domestic pigeon, related to the barb and +carrier. + +3. A dwarf; also, a mean, despicable, boorish person; -- used +opprobriously. + + Before I buy a bargain of such runts, I'll buy a college for bears, + and live among 'em. + + +Beau. & Fl. + +4. The dead stump of a tree; also, the stem of a plant. [Obs. or Prov. +Eng.] Halliwell. + + Neither young poles nor old runts are durable. + + +Holland. + +Runt"y (?), a. Like a runt; diminutive; mean. + +Run"way` (?), n. 1. The channel of a stream. + +2. The beaten path made by deer or other animals in passing to and from +their feeding grounds. + +Ru*pee" (r*p"), n. [Hind. rpiyah, fr. Skr. rpya silver, coined silver +or gold, handsome.] A silver coin, and money of account, in the East +Indies. + +The valuation of the rupee of sixteen annas, the standard coin of +India, by the United States Treasury department, varies from time to +time with the price of silver. In 1889 it was rated at about thirty-two +cents. + +Ru"pel*la*ry (?), n. [From L. rupes a rock.] Rocky. [Obs.] "This +rupellary nidary." Evelyn. + +Ru"pert's drop` (?). A kind of glass drop with a long tail, made by +dropping melted glass into water. It is remarkable for bursting into +fragments when the surface is scratched or the tail broken; -- so +called from Prince Rupert, nephew of Charles I., by whom they were +first brought to England. Called also Rupert's ball, and glass tear. + +||Ru"pi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. G. &?; filth, dirt.] (Med.) An eruption +||upon the skin, consisting of vesicles with inflamed base and filled +||with serous, purulent, or bloody fluid, which dries up, forming a +||blackish crust. + +Ru"pi*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to rupia. + +||Ru*pic"o*la (?), n. [NL., fr. L. rupes, gen. rupis, a rock + colere +||to inhabit.] (Zoöl.) A genus of beautiful South American passerine +||birds, including the cock of the rock. + +The species are remarkable for having an elevated fan-shaped crest of +feathers on the head, and for the beautiful color of their plumage, +which is mostly some delicate shade of yellow or orange. + +Ru*pic"o*line (?), a. (Zoöl.) Rock-inhabiting. + +Rup"tion (?), n. [L. ruptio, fr. rumpere, ruptum, to break.] A breaking +or bursting open; breach; rupture. "By ruption or apertion." Wiseman. + +Rup"tu*a*ry (?; 135), n. [Cf. Roturier.] One not of noble blood; a +plebeian; a roturier. [R.] + + The exclusion of the French ruptuaries ("roturiers," for history + must find a word for this class when it speaks of other nations) + from the order of nobility. + + +Chenevix. + +Rup"ture (?; 135), n. [L. ruptura, fr. rumpere, ruptum to break: cf. F. +rupture. See Reave, and cf. Rout a defeat.] 1. The act of breaking +apart, or separating; the state of being broken asunder; as, the +rupture of the skin; the rupture of a vessel or fiber; the rupture of a +lutestring. Arbuthnot. + + Hatch from the egg, that soon, Bursting with kindly rupture, forth + disclosed Their callow young. + + +Milton. + +2. Breach of peace or concord between individuals; open hostility or +war between nations; interruption of friendly relations; as, the +parties came to a rupture. + + He knew that policy would disincline Napoleon from a rupture with + his family. + + +E. Everett. + +3. (Med.) Hernia. See Hernia. + +4. A bursting open, as of a steam boiler, in a less sudden manner than +by explosion. See Explosion. + +Modulus of rupture. (Engin.) See under Modulus. + +Syn. -- Fracture; breach; break; burst; disruption; dissolution. See +Fracture. + +Rup"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ruptured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Rupturing.] +1. To part by violence; to break; to burst; as, to rupture a blood +vessel. + +2. To produce a hernia in. + +Rup"ture, v. i. To suffer a breach or disruption. + +Rup"tured (?; 135), a. (Med.) Having a rupture, or hernia. + +Rup"ture*wort" (?; 135), n. (Bot.) (a) Same as Burstwort. (b) A West +Indian plant (Alternanthera polygonoides) somewhat resembling +burstwort. + +Ru"ral (?), a. [F., fr. L. ruralis, fr. rus, ruris, the country. Cf. +Room space, Rustic.] 1. Of or pertaining to the country, as +distinguished from a city or town; living in the country; suitable for, +or resembling, the country; rustic; as, rural scenes; a rural prospect. + + Here is a rural fellow; . . . He brings you figs. + + +Shak. + +2. Of or pertaining to agriculture; as, rural economy. + +Rural dean. (Eccl.) See under Dean. -- Rural deanery (Eccl.), the +state, office, or residence, of a rural dean. + +Syn. -- Rustic. -- Rural, Rustic. Rural refers to the country itself; +as, rural scenes, prospects, delights, etc. Rustic refers to the +character, condition, taste, etc., of the original inhabitants of the +country, who were generally uncultivated and rude; as, rustic manners; +a rustic dress; a rustic bridge; rustic architecture, etc. + + We turn To where the silver Thames first rural grows. + + +Thomson. + + Lay bashfulness, that rustic virtue, by; To manly confidence thy + throughts apply. + + +Dryden. + +||Ru*ra"les (r*r"lz), n. pl. [NL.] (Zoöl.) The gossamer-winged +||butterflies; a family of small butterflies, including the +||hairstreaks, violets, and theclas. + +Ru"ral*ism (?), n. 1. The quality or state of being rural; ruralness. + +2. A rural idiom or expression. + +Ru"ral*ist, n. One who leads a rural life. Coventry. + +Ru*ral"i*ty (?), n.; pl. - ties (#). [Cf. LL. ruralitas.] 1. The +quality or state of being rural. + +2. A rural place. "Leafy ruralities." Carlyle. + +Ru"ral*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ruralized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Ruralizing (?).] To render rural; to give a rural appearance to. + +Ru"ral*ize, v. i. To become rural; to go into the country; to +rusticate. + +Ru"ral*ly, adv. In a rural manner; as in the country. + +Ru"ral*ness, n. The quality or state of being rural. + +Ru*ric"o*list (?), n. [L. ruricola; rus, ruris, the country + colere to +inhabit.] An inhabitant of the country. [R.] Bailey. + +Ru`ri*dec"a*nal (?), a. [L. rus, ruris the country + decanus the chief +of ten. See Dean.] Of or pertaining to a rural dean; as, a ruridecanal +district; the ruridecanal intellect. [R.] + +Ru*rig"e*nous (?), a. [L. rurigena; rus, ruris, the country + genere, +gignere, to bring forth, pass., to be born.] Born in the country. +[Obs.] + +Ruse (?), n. [F., fr. OF. reüser, rehuser, to turn aside, to shuffle, +retreat, fr. L. recusare to refuse; pref. re- again + causa cause. See +Cause, and cf. Recusant.] An artifice; trick; stratagem; wile; fraud; +deceit. + +||Ruse de guerre (&?;) [F.], a stratagem of war. + +Rush (?), n. [OE. rusche, rische, resche, AS. risce, akin to LG. rusk, +risch, D. & G. rusch; all probably fr. L. ruscum butcher's broom; akin +to Goth. raus reed, G. rohr.] 1. (Bot.) A name given to many aquatic or +marsh-growing endogenous plants with soft, slender stems, as the +species of Juncus and Scirpus. + +Some species are used in bottoming chairs and plaiting mats, and the +pith is used in some places for wicks to lamps and rushlights. + +2. The merest trifle; a straw. + + John Bull's friendship is not worth a rush. + + +Arbuthnot. + +Bog rush. See under Bog. -- Club rush, any rush of the genus Scirpus. +-- Flowering rush. See under Flowering. -- Nut rush (a) Any plant of +the genus Scleria, rushlike plants with hard nutlike fruits. (b) A name +for several species of Cyperus having tuberous roots. -- Rush broom, an +Australian leguminous plant (Viminaria denudata), having long, slender +branches. Also, the Spanish broom. See under Spanish. -- Rush candle, +See under Candle. -- Rush grass, any grass of the genus Vilfa, grasses +with wiry stems and one-flowered spikelets. -- Rush toad (Zoöl.), the +natterjack. -- Scouring rush. (Bot.) Same as Dutch rush, under Dutch. +-- Spike rush, any rushlike plant of the genus Eleocharis, in which the +flowers grow in dense spikes. -- Sweet rush, a sweet-scented grass of +Arabia, etc. (Andropogon schœnanthus), used in Oriental medical +practice. -- Wood rush, any plant of the genus Luzula, which differs in +some technical characters from Juncus. + +Rush (rsh), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rushed (rsht); p. pr. & vb. n. +Rushing.] [OE. ruschen; cf. AS. hryscan to make a noise, D. ruischen to +rustle, G. rauschen, MHG. rschen to rush, to rustle, LG. rusken, OSw. +ruska, Icel. & Sw. ruska to shake, Dan. ruske to shake, and E. rouse.] +1. To move forward with impetuosity, violence, and tumultuous rapidity +or haste; as, armies rush to battle; waters rush down a precipice. + + Like to an entered tide, they all rush by. + + +Shak. + +2. To enter into something with undue haste and eagerness, or without +due deliberation and preparation; as, to rush business or speculation. + + They . . . never think it to be a part of religion to rush into the + office of princes and ministers. + + +Sprat. + +Rush, v. t. 1. To push or urge forward with impetuosity or violence; to +hurry forward. + +2. To recite (a lesson) or pass (an examination) without an error. +[College Cant, U.S.] + +Rush, n. 1. A moving forward with rapidity and force or eagerness; a +violent motion or course; as, a rush of troops; a rush of winds; a rush +of water. + + A gentleman of his train spurred up his horse, and, with a violent + rush, severed him from the duke. + + +Sir H. Wotton. + +2. Great activity with pressure; as, a rush of business. [Colloq.] + +3. A perfect recitation. [College Cant, U.S.] + +4. (Football) (a) A rusher; as, the center rush, whose place is in the +center of the rush line; the end rush. (b) The act of running with the +ball. + +Bunt rush (Football), a combined rush by main strength. -- Rush line +(Football), the line composed of rushers. + +Rush"-bear`ing (?), n. A kind of rural festival at the dedication of a +church, when the parishioners brought rushes to strew the church. +[Eng.] Nares. + +Rush"buc`kler (?), n. A bullying and violent person; a braggart; a +swashbuckler. [Obs.] + + That flock of stout, bragging rushbucklers. + + +Robynson (More's Utopia). + +Rushed (?), a. Abounding or covered with rushes. + +Rush"er (?), n. One who rushes. Whitlock. + +Rush"er, n. One who strewed rushes on the floor at dances. [Obs.] B. +Jonson. + +Rush"i*ness (?), n. [From Rushy.] The quality or state of abounding +with rushes. + +Rush"ing*ly, adv. In a rushing manner. + +Rush"light` (?), n. A rush candle, or its light; hence, a small, feeble +light. + +Rush"like` (?), a. Resembling a rush; weak. + +Rush"y (?), a. 1. Abounding with rushes. + +2. Made of rushes. + + My rushy couch and frugal fare. + + +Goldsmith. + +Ru"sine (?), a. [NL. rusa, the name of the genus, Malay rsa deer.] +(Zoöl.) Of, like, or pertaining to, a deer of the genus Rusa, which +includes the sambur deer (Rusa Aristotelis) of India. + +Rusine antler (Zoöl.), an antler with the brow tyne simple, and the +beam forked at the tip. + +Rusk (?), n. [Sp. rosca de mar sea rusks, a kind of biscuit, rosca +properly meaning, a screw, spiral.] 1. A kind of light, soft bread made +with yeast and eggs, often toasted or crisped in an oven; or, a kind of +sweetened biscuit. + +2. A kind of light, hard cake or bread, as for stores. Smart. + +3. Bread or cake which has been made brown and crisp, and afterwards +grated, or pulverized in a mortar. + +Rus"ma (?), n. [Corrupt. from Turk. khyryzma a paste used as a +depilatory, fr. Gr. &?; an unguent; cf. F. rusma.] A depilatory made of +orpiment and quicklime, and used by the Turks. See Rhusma. + +Russ (?), n. sing. & pl. 1. A Russian, or the Russians. [Rare, except +in poetry.] + +2. The language of the Russians. + +Russ, a. Of or pertaining to the Russians. + +Rus"set (?), a. [F. rousset, dim. of roux red, L. russus (for rudtus, +rudhtus), akin to E. red. See Red, and cf. Roussette.] 1. Of a reddish +brown color, or (by some called) a red gray; of the color composed of +blue, red, and yellow in equal strength, but unequal proportions, +namely, two parts of red to one each of blue and yellow; also, of a +yellowish brown color. + + The morn, in russet mantle clad. + + +Shak. + + Our summer such a russet livery wears. + + +Dryden. + +2. Coarse; homespun; rustic. [R.] Shak. + +Rus"set, n. 1. A russet color; a pigment of a russet color. + +2. Cloth or clothing of a russet color. + +3. A country dress; -- so called because often of a russet color. +Dryden. + +4. An apple, or a pear, of a russet color; as, the English russet, and +the Roxbury russet. + +Rus"set*ing, n. See Russet, n., 2 and 4. + +Rus"set*y (?), a. Of a russet color; russet. + +Rus"sia (?), n. A country of Europe and Asia. + +Russia iron, a kind of sheet iron made in Russia, having a lustrous +blue-black surface. -- Russia leather, a soft kind of leather, made +originally in Russia but now elsewhere, having a peculiar odor from +being impregnated with an oil obtained from birch bark. It is much used +in bookbinding, on account of its not being subject to mold, and being +proof against insects. -- Russia matting, matting manufactured in +Russia from the inner bark of the linden (Tilia Europæa). + +<! p. 1263. !> + +Rus"sian (? or ?; 277), a. Of or pertaining to Russia, its inhabitants, +or language. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Russia; the language of +Russia. + +Russian bath. See under Bath. + +Rus"sian*ize (?), v. t. To make Russian, or more or less like the +Russians; as, to Russianize the Poles. + +Rus"si*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Russia + L. -ficare (in comp.) to make. See +-fy.] The act or process of Russifying, or the state of being +Russified. + +Rus"si*fy (?), v. t. [Cf. F. russifier. See -fy.] To Russianize; as, to +Russify conquered tribes. + +{ Rus"so*phile (?), Rus*soph"i*list (?) }, n. [Russia + Gr. filei^n to +love: cf. F. russophile.] One who, not being a Russian, favors Russian +policy and aggrandizement. -- Rus*soph"ilism (#), n. [Chiefly newspaper +words.] + +{ Rus"so*phobe (?), Rus*soph"o*bist (?) }, [Russia + Gr. fobei^n to +fear.] One who dreads Russia or Russian influence. [Words sometimes +found in the newspapers.] + +Rus`so*pho"bi*a (?), n. Morbid dread of Russia or of Russian influence. + +Rust (?), n. [AS. rust; akin to D. roest, G. & Sw. rost, Icel. ryð; -- +named from its color, and akin to E. red. √113. See Red.] 1. +(Chem.) The reddish yellow coating formed on iron when exposed to moist +air, consisting of ferric oxide or hydroxide; hence, by extension, any +metallic film of corrosion. + +2. (Bot.) A minute mold or fungus forming reddish or rusty spots on the +leaves and stems of cereal and other grasses (Trichobasis Rubigo-vera), +now usually believed to be a form or condition of the corn mildew +(Puccinia graminis). As rust, it has solitary reddish spores; as corn +mildew, the spores are double and blackish. + +Rust is also applied to many other minute fungi which infest +vegetation, such as the species of Ustilago, Uredo, and Lecythea. + +3. That which resembles rust in appearance or effects. Specifically: +(a) A composition used in making a rust joint. See Rust joint, below. +(b) Foul matter arising from degeneration; as, rust on salted meat. (c) +Corrosive or injurious accretion or influence. + + Sacred truths cleared from all rust and dross of human mixtures. + + +Eikon Basilike. + +Rust is used in the formation of compounds of obvious meaning; as, +rust-colored, rust-consumed, rust- eaten, and the like. + +Rust joint, a joint made between surfaces of iron by filling the space +between them with a wet mixture of cast-iron borings, sal ammoniac, and +sulphur, which by oxidation becomes hard, and impervious to steam, +water, etc. -- Rust mite (Zoöl.), a minute mite (Phytopius oleivorus) +which, by puncturing the rind, causes the rust-colored patches on +oranges. + +Rust, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rusted; p. pr. & vb. n. Rusting.] [AS. +rustian.] 1. To contract rust; to be or become oxidized. + + If gold ruste, what shall iron do? + + +Chaucer. + + Our armors now may rust. + + +Dryden. + +2. To be affected with the parasitic fungus called rust; also, to +acquire a rusty appearance, as plants. + +3. Fig.: To degenerate in idleness; to become dull or impaired by +inaction. + + Must I rust in Egypt? never more Appear in arms, and be the chief + of Greece? + + +Dryden. + +Rust, v. t. 1. To cause to contract rust; to corrode with rust; to +affect with rust of any kind. + + Keep up your bright swords, for the dew will rust them. + + +Shak. + +2. Fig.: To impair by time and inactivity. Johnson. + +Rust"ful (?), a. Full of rust; resembling rust; causing rust; rusty. +"Rustful sloth." Quarles. + +Rus"tic (?), a. [L. rusticus, fr. rus, ruris, the country: cf. F. +rustique. See Rural.] 1. Of or pertaining to the country; rural; as, +the rustic gods of antiquity. "Rustic lays." Milton. + + And many a holy text around she strews, That teach the rustic + moralist to die. + + +Gray. + + She had a rustic, woodland air. + + +Wordsworth. + +2. Rude; awkward; rough; unpolished; as, rustic manners. "A rustic +muse." Spenser. + +3. Coarse; plain; simple; as, a rustic entertainment; rustic dress. + +4. Simple; artless; unadorned; unaffected. Pope. + +Rustic moth (Zoöl.), any moth belonging to Agrotis and allied genera. +Their larvæ are called cutworms. See Cutworm. -- Rustic work. (a) +(Arch.) Cut stone facing which has the joints worked with grooves or +channels, the face of each block projecting beyond the joint, so that +the joints are very conspicuous. (b) (Arch. & Woodwork) Summer houses, +or furniture for summer houses, etc., made of rough limbs of trees +fancifully arranged. + +Syn. -- Rural; rude; unpolished; inelegant; untaught; awkward; rough; +coarse; plain; unadorned; simple; artless; honest. See Rural. + +Rus"tic, n. 1. An inhabitant of the country, especially one who is +rude, coarse, or dull; a clown. + + Hence to your fields, you rustics! hence, away. + + +Pope. + +2. A rural person having a natural simplicity of character or manners; +an artless, unaffected person. [Poetic] + +Rus`tic*al (?), a. Rustic. "Rustical society." Thackeray. -- +Rus"tic*al*ly, adv. -- Rus"tic*al*ness, n. + +Rus"ti*cate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rusticated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. +Rusticating.] [L. rusticaticus, p. p. of rusticari to rusticate. See +Rustic.] To go into or reside in the country; to ruralize. Pope. + +Rus"ti*cate, v. t. To require or compel to reside in the country; to +banish or send away temporarily; to impose rustication on. + + The town is again beginning to be full, and the rusticated beauty + sees an end of her banishment. + + +Idler. + +Rus"ti*ca`ted (?), a. (Arch.) Resembling rustic work. See Rustic work +(a), under Rustic. + +Rus`ti*ca"tion (?), n. [L. rusticatio.] 1. The act of rusticating, or +the state of being rusticated; specifically, the punishment of a +student for some offense, by compelling him to leave the institution +for a time. + +2. (Arch.) Rustic work. + +Rus*tic"ity (?), n. [L. rusticitas: cf. F. rusticité.] The quality or +state of being rustic; rustic manners; rudeness; simplicity; +artlessness. + + The sweetness and rusticity of a pastoral can not be so well + expressed in any other tongue as in the Greek, when rightly mixed + and qualified with the Doric dialect. + + +Addison. + + The Saxons were refined from their rusticity. + + +Sir W. Scott. + +Rus"tic*ly (?), adv. In a rustic manner; rustically. Chapman. + +Rust"i*ly (?), adv. In a rusty state. + +Rust"i*ness, n. The quality or state of being rusty. + +Rus"tle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rustled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Rustling +(?).] [AS. hristlan to rustle; or cf. Sw. rusta to stir, make a riot, +or E. rush, v.] 1. To make a quick succession of small sounds, like the +rubbing or moving of silk cloth or dry leaves. + + He is coming; I hear his straw rustle. + + +Shak. + + Prouder than rustling in unpaid-for silk. + + +Shak. + +2. To stir about energetically; to strive to succeed; to bustle about. +[Slang, Western U.S.] + +Rus"tle, v. t. To cause to rustle; as, the wind rustles the leaves. + +Rus"tle, n. A quick succession or confusion of small sounds, like those +made by shaking leaves or straw, by rubbing silk, or the like; a +rustling. + + When the noise of a torrent, the rustle of a wood, the song of + birds, or the play of lambs, had power to fill the attention, and + suspend all perception of the course of time. + + +Idler. + +Rus"tler (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, rustles. + +2. A bovine animal that can care for itself in any circumstances; also, +an alert, energetic, driving person. [Slang, Western U.S.] + +Rust"less (?), a. Free from rust. + +Rust"y (?), a. [AS. rustig.] [Compar. Rustier (&?;); superl. Rustiest.] +1. Covered or affected with rust; as, a rusty knife or sword; rusty +wheat. + +2. Impaired by inaction, disuse, or neglect. + + [Hector,] in this dull and long-continued truce, Is rusty grown. + + +Shak. + +3. Discolored and rancid; reasty; as, rusty bacon. + +4. Surly; morose; crusty; sullen. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] "Rusty words." +Piers Plowman. + +5. Rust-colored; dark. "Rusty blood." Spenser. + +6. Discolored; stained; not cleanly kept; filthy. + + The rusty little schooners that bring firewood from the British + provinces. + + +Hawthorne. + +7. (Bot.) Resembling, or covered with a substance resembling, rust; +affected with rust; rubiginous. + +Rut (?), n. [F. rut, OF. ruit, L. rugitus a roaring, fr. rugire to +roar; - - so called from the noise made by deer in rutting time.] 1. +(Physiol.) Sexual desire or œstrus of deer, cattle, and various other +mammals; heat; also, the period during which the œstrus exists. + +2. Roaring, as of waves breaking upon the shore; rote. See Rote. + +Rut, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rutted; p. pr. & vb. n. Rutting.] To have a +strong sexual impulse at the reproductive period; -- said of deer, +cattle, etc. + +Rut, v. t. To cover in copulation. Dryden. + +Rut, n. [variant of route.] A track worn by a wheel or by habitual +passage of anything; a groove in which anything runs. Also used +figuratively. + +Rut, v. t. To make a rut or ruts in; -- chiefly used as a past +participle or a participial adj.; as, a rutted road. + +Ru`ta-ba"ga (?), n. (Bot.) A kind of turnip commonly with a large and +long or ovoid yellowish root; a Swedish turnip. See Turnip. + +Ru*ta"ceous (?), a. [L. rutaceous, from ruta rue. See Rue the plant.] +(Bot.) Of or pertaining to plants of a natural order (Rutaceæ) of which +the rue is the type, and which includes also the orange, lemon, +dittany, and buchu. + +Ru"tate (r"tt), n. (Chem.) A salt of rutic acid. + +Ruth (rth), n. [From Rue, v.: cf. Icel. hryggð, hrygð.] 1. Sorrow for +the misery of another; pity; tenderness. [Poetic] "They weep for ruth." +Chaucer. "Have ruth of the poor." Piers Plowman. + + To stir up gentle ruth, Both for her noble blood, and for her + tender youth. + + +Spenser. + +2. That which causes pity or compassion; misery; distress; a pitiful +sight. [Obs.] + + It had been hard this ruth for to see. + + +Chaucer. + + With wretched miseries and woeful ruth. + + +Spenser. + +Ru*then"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, ruthenium; +specifically, designating those compounds in which it has a higher +valence as contrasted with ruthenious compounds. + +Ru*the"ni*ous (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, ruthenium; +specifically, designating those compounds in which it has a lower +valence as contrasted with ruthenic compounds. + +Ru*the"ni*um (?), n. [NL. So named from the Ruthenians, a Little +Russian people, as coming from Russia, the metal having been found in +the Ural mountains.] (Chem.) A rare element of the light platinum +group, found associated with platinum ores, and isolated as a hard, +brittle steel-gray metal which is very infusible. Symbol Ru. Atomic +weight 103.5. Specific gravity 12.26. See Platinum metals, under +Platinum. + +Ruth"ful (?), a. Full of ruth; as: (a) Pitiful; tender. (b) Full of +sorrow; woeful. (c) Causing sorrow. Shak. -- Ruth"ful*ly, adv. + +Ruth"less, a. Having no ruth; cruel; pitiless. + + Their rage the hostile bands restrain, All but the ruthless monarch + of the main. + + +Pope. + +-- Ruth"less*ly, adv. -- Ruth"less*ness, n. + +Ru"tic (r"tk), a. [Cf. Rutaceous.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained +from, rue (Ruta); as, rutic acid, now commonly called capric acid. + +Ru"ti*lant (&?;), a. [L. rutilans, p. pr. of rutilare to have a reddish +glow, fr. rutilus red: cf. F. rutilant.] Having a reddish glow; +shining. + + Parchments . . . colored with this rutilant mixture. + + +Evelyn. + +Ru"ti*late (?), v. i. [L. rutilare, rutilatum.] To shine; to emit rays +of light. [Obs.] Ure. + +Ru"tile (r"tl), n. [L. rutilus red, inclining to golden yellow.] (Min.) +A mineral usually of a reddish brown color, and brilliant metallic +adamantine luster, occurring in tetragonal crystals. In composition it +is titanium dioxide, like octahedrite and brookite. + +Ru*til"i*an (r*tl"*an), n. (Zoöl.) Any species of lamellicorn beetles +belonging to Rutila and allied genera, as the spotted grapevine beetle +(Pelidnota punctata). + +Ru"tin (r"tn), n. (Chem.) A glucoside resembling, but distinct from, +quercitrin. Rutin is found in the leaves of the rue (Ruta graveolens) +and other plants, and obtained as a bitter yellow crystalline substance +which yields quercitin on decomposition. + +Rut"ter (rt"tr), n. [D. ruiter a rider. Cf. Ruttier.] A horseman or +trooper. [Obs.] + + Such a regiment of rutters Never defied men braver. + + +Beau. & Fl. + +Rut"ter, n. [From Rut.] That which ruts. + +Rut"ter*kin (?), n. An old crafty fox or beguiler -- a word of +contempt. [Obs.] Cotgrave. + +Rut"ti*er (?), n. [F. routier, fr. route a road. See Route.] A chart of +a course, esp. at sea. [Obs.] + +Rut"tish (?), a. Inclined to rut; lustful; libidinous; salacious. Shak. +-- Rut"tish*ness, n. + +Rut"tle, n. A rattling sound in the throat arising from difficulty of +breathing; a rattle. [Obs.] + +Rut"ty (?), a. Ruttish; lustful. + +Rut"ty, a. Full of ruts; as, a rutty road. + +Rut"ty, a. [See Root.] Rooty. [Obs.] Spenser. + +Ru"ty*lene (?), n. (Chem.) A liquid hydrocarbon, C10H18, of the +acetylene series. It is produced artificially. + +Ry"al (? or ?), a. Royal. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Ry"al (?), n. See Rial, an old English coin. + +Ry"der (?), n. 1. A clause added to a document; a rider. See Rider. +[Obs.] + +2. [D. rijder, properly, a rider.] A gold coin of Zealand [Netherlands] +equal to 14 florins, about $ 5.60. + +Rye (?), n. [OE. rie, reie, AS. ryge; akin to Icel. rugr, Sw. råg, Dan. +rug, D. rogge, OHG. rocco, roggo, G. rocken, roggen, Lith. rugei, Russ. +roje, and perh. to Gr. 'o`ryza rice. Cf. Rice.] 1. (Bot.) A grain +yielded by a hardy cereal grass (Secale cereale), closely allied to +wheat; also, the plant itself. Rye constitutes a large portion of the +breadstuff used by man. + +2. A disease in a hawk. Ainsworth. + +Rye grass, Italian rye grass, (Bot.) See under Grass. See also Ray +grass, and Darnel. -- Wild rye (Bot.), any plant of the genus Elymus, +tall grasses with much the appearance of rye. + +Rynd (? or ?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A piece of iron crossing the +hole in the upper millstone by which the stone is supported on the +spindle. + +Ry"ot (r"t), n. [Ar. & Hind. ra'iyat, the same word as ra'iyah, a +subject, tenant, peasant. See Rayah.] A peasant or cultivator of the +soil. [India] + + The Indian ryot and the Egyptian fellah work for less pay than any + other laborers in the world. + + +The Nation. + +Ry*poph"a*gous (r*pf"*gs), a. [Gr. "ry`pos filth + fagei^n to eat.] +(Zoöl.) Eating, or subsisting on, filth. + +Rys (rs or rs), n. A branch. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Rysh (rsh), n. Rush, a plant. [Obs.] Chaucer. + +Ry*sim"e*ter (?), n. See Rhysimeter. + +Ryth (rth), n. [Cf. AS. rið brook.] A ford. [Obs.] + +||Ryt"i*na (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. "ryti`s a wrinkle.] (Zoöl.) A genus of +||large edentulous sirenians, allied to the dugong and manatee, +||including but one species (R. Stelleri); -- called also Steller's sea +||cow. [Written also Rhytina.] + +It is now extinct, but was formerly abundant at Behring's Island, near +Behring's Straits. It was twenty-five feet or more in length, with a +thick, blackish, naked skin. The last were killed in 1768 for their oil +and flesh. + +*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 667 *** |