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diff --git a/old/66643-0.txt b/old/66643-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 545b00a..0000000 --- a/old/66643-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2285 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of Byliny Book, by Marion Chilton Harrison - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: Byliny Book - Hero Tales of Russia - -Author: Marion Chilton Harrison - -Illustrator: Mrs Hugh Stewart - -Release Date: November 1, 2021 [eBook #66643] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -Produced by: Jeroen Hellingman and the Online Distributed Proofreading - Team at https://www.pgdp.net/ for Project Gutenberg (This file - was produced from images generously made available by The - Internet Archive/American Libraries.) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BYLINY BOOK *** - - - - BYLINY BOOK - HERO TALES OF RUSSIA - - - Told from the Russian by - MARION CHILTON HARRISON - - With Illustrations by - MRS. HUGH STEWART - - - CAMBRIDGE: - W. HEFFER & SONS LTD. - 1915 - - - - - - - - -PREFACE. - - -This is a Byliny Book. What does “Byliny” mean? It is a Russian word, -and it means stories about What-has-Been, what happened in Russia in -the old days long ago. We all read about the Greek heroes Jason and -Perseus and Theseus and Heracles. The Russians had splendid heroes too, -who met with wonderful adventures. Russia and France and Italy and -England are fighting side by side a great fight for freedom, and these -old heroes of Russia fought for freedom too, against great barbarian -armies of Huns and Tartars. The Russians are our brave friends, our -“Allies,” as we call them now, and it is good to get to know about -their heroes of olden times. - -We all know and honour our French Allies, and most of us try to speak -French. We are proud to read in history how our William the Conqueror -came over from France and brought with him many good laws and customs, -and, best of all, beautiful French words that have now become -English—why, the very word beauty came to us from France. But Russia is -much further away than France, and very few of us learn to speak -Russian, or even to read it. - -Far the best way to get to know people is to learn their language, but -it is not quite so easy to learn to read Russian as it is to read -French, because the Russians use different letters. You will see -Russian letters in the pictures [1]; they are beautiful, delightful -things and some of them are like English, so it is exciting to try and -make them out, but some of them are like Greek, for the Russians always -liked the Greeks better than the Romans. - -The Russian names of the heroes look a little strange at first, but -they are not really hard to pronounce. There are a great many Russian -heroes, but this book only tells about four of them, Volgá and Mikúla -and Svyatogór and Ilyá. The Volgá is quite short and easy, and so is -Mikúla, which is pronounced as if it was written Mikóolla. Svyatogór -looks rather hard, but you only have to remember to say it like -this—Svyătăgórr, and you must roll the r’s as if you were a Scotsman. -The Russians put the accent on the end of their words much oftener than -the English. We say Ī́-văn and they say Eeváhn. And so it is with the -last hero, Ilyá; he is pronounced Eelyā́h. Besides the heroes, there is -Vladímir the king, and he is called Vladéemir. The only really hard -word to say right is Byliny itself, and that you can call Bwĭléeny, but -our English lips do not make quite the Russian sound. - -These heroes Volgá and Ilyá and the rest lived very long ago, and their -great city was not Petrograd but Kiev (Kieff). Petrograd means “Peter’s -fortified town,” and we all know how till the war it used to be called -Peters-burg. But if you look on the map you will find no Petrograd, -only Kiev on the river Dnieper, which winds down to the Black Sea. The -old Russian heroes used to sail down the river on through the Black Sea -down to Constantinople, and there of course they met the Greeks, and -the Greeks taught them to be Christians. That was in the days of good -King Vladímir, and he was reigning before our William the Conqueror, -hundreds of years before Peter the Great came to Holland and England -and learnt to build boats, and made the great city of Petrograd. - -But though the heroes lived so long ago, they are never forgotten. The -Russian children in the village schools learn about Volgá and Ilyá as -soon as they can read, and old minstrels in far away villages beyond -lake Onéga and even in Siberia sing the Byliny, the songs of -What-has-Been to the peasants as they sit round the fire at night. I -have seen a picture of one of these singers, an old peasant over -seventy, with a long white beard and shaggy hair and bright deep-set -eyes. He could not write or read, and his voice was rather cracked, but -when he sang the old songs he was all on fire, and he sang them so -splendidly that the villagers crowded round to hear. The old men say -that the young ones will not learn to sing the songs because they are -gramotnye, “grammar-people,” who read books and learn to write—what a -pity. - -A learned Russian called Hilferding went to North Russia to live among -the peasants and listen to these stories. The peasants are very poor, -and are shy with strangers, but they learned to love and trust -Hilferding, and sang their songs to him. It is nice to know that he was -able to help the peasants, and get them a little more money and food. -Other learned men had been before Hilferding, but nearly all the -stories in this book were collected by him, so we like to remember his -name. - -It is the peasants who sing the Byliny, not the nobles, and two of the -greatest Russian heroes, Ilyá and Mikúla, are peasants’ sons. Mikúla is -a ploughman. It sounds strange to us that a ploughman should be a hero; -but the Russians did not feel like that. They love their land with all -their hearts. Some of it has very black fertile soil, but some of it is -very hard and full of stones, and sometimes of forests to be cleared, -and the man who does all this is a hero. The Russians sing a hymn to -the honour of Mikúla; it ends “Glory to thee, good Mikúla, the peasant -who worked.” In one of the pictures you see Volgá, the prince, come to -beg Mikúla to leave his plough and join his warriors. Mikúla was sad, -but a man must leave even his work to defend his country. Mikúla is my -favourite of all the heroes. - -The peasant heroes, Mikúla and great Ilyá, are very proud and -independent, and sometimes not very respectful to the King; they seem -to think they are as good as he is, and so they were. It is their -country they love, and their beautiful city of Kiev and its Church, and -in those old days they had not learned that the King stands for the -country. Ilyá is always wanting to get to Kiev; you see him on the -cover of this book, riding up to the Holy City. It is like Jerusalem to -him, and he was buried there. But though he dreams of the City, he -loves the place where he was born, near Múrom. Múrom is a real place -still, with forests round it and a river full of fish. The peasants in -the old days owned the land in common, so each village was like a -little kingdom. Ilyá hates the dog, King Kálin, because he slays the -villagers. - -Svyatogór’s name means Holy Mountain. He is very strong and huge, like -a mountain, but he is clumsy and rather boastful. He boasted he could -lift anything, but he soon found he couldn’t. At the end he stops -boasting, and is good to young Ilyá, and gives him all his strength, so -that makes up. - -The hero who really can do everything is Volgá. He was a prince, not a -peasant, and he was a mighty hunter, like Nimrod in the Bible; and he -was a wizard, too, and could turn himself into a grey wolf. Some people -said his father was a wolf, some said he was a serpent. The story says -“damp earth was his cradle,” and that sounds uncomfortable, but the -Russians always call the earth “damp earth.” They mean that the rain -has rained on it, and that it is not hard and dry, but full of sap like -the trees. Volgá learnt all his wisdom from the beasts and birds. S. -Francis used to preach to the birds, but Volgá let the beasts and birds -preach to him, and that is better, for the Bible says: - - - Ask now the beasts and they shall teach thee; - And the fowls of the air and they shall tell thee. - - -The first story is about Volgá, and in the first picture you see him -listening to a wise old Bear. - - - Jane Ellen Harrison. - - - -This book is for children, and is no place for bibliography, but we -should like to own our debt to three books. Chudinov’s Byliny in the -“Russian School Library” was our first introduction (in Russian) to the -hero-tales; but for Rambaud’s La Russie Épique it would have been -difficult to put the stories together; and, last, to the kindness of -Mr. E. T. Minns we are indebted for the loan of Hilferding’s invaluable -Sbornik, now out of print, and not easily obtainable during the War. - - M. C. H. - J. E. H. - - - - - - - - -CONTENTS. - - - Page. - - I. The Story of Volgá 1 - II. Mikúla the Villager’s Son 8 - III. Svyatogór 15 - IV. Svyatogór and Ilyá of Múrom 17 - V. Ilyá of Múrom and Nightingale the Robber 30 - VI. The Three Ways 46 - VII. Ilyá of Múrom and King Kálin 50 - - - -CHARACTERS. - - - Volgá, Son of Svyátoslav. - Mikúla, the Ploughman Hero. - Svyatogór, the Hero. - Ilyá of Múrom, Son of Iván. - Vladímir, Prince of Kiev. - Apráxia, his Daughter. - Nightingale, the Robber. - King Kálin, a Tartar King. - Samson, a Hero (Ilyá’s Godfather). - - - -ILLUSTRATIONS. - - - - Page. - - Volgá, Son of Buslav Frontispiece - Young Mikúla, the Villager’s Son 11 - Ilyá of Múrom, the Peasant’s Son 19 - Map of Ilyá’s Journeys 23 - He Shot Nightingale the Robber 37 - Ilyá came to Kiev Town 41 - A Feast of Honour was Spread 51 - There was the Old Cossack, Ilyá of Múrom 57 - - -These titles are literal translations of the Russian inscriptions on -the illustrations. - - - - - - - - -HERO TALES OF RUSSIA. - - -I. - -THE STORY OF VOLGÁ. - - -The red sun was going down behind the high hills, behind the blue sea. -The countless stars showed themselves in the clear sky, and the bright -moon was shining in the heavens when Volgá the Hero was born in Holy -Russia. Damp Mother Earth was his cradle. The earth rocked, and there -was a great storm upon the blue sea, and the fish went down into the -deep sea, the birds flew up into the sky, the great aurochs and the -deer fled over the hills, the hares and rabbits ran into the thick -forest, and the wolves and bears fled away among the fir trees, sables -and martens escaped to the islands, because they knew that a hero was -born in Russia. - - - -When Volgá was an hour and a half old he spoke with a voice like -thunder, and said: - -“Come then, O Lady, my mother, young Márfa, put no baby-clothes upon -me, nor a sash of silk, but give me strong steel armour, and on my head -put a helmet of gold. In my right hand a club, a club made heavy with -lead of the weight of a hundred pounds.” - -When Volgá was seven years old his mother had him taught to read, and -she made him write with a pen. And from all the birds and beasts he -learnt their skill and wisdom and the different tongues of all, and he -understood the speech of all the beasts of the field and forest, and of -all the birds and fishes. - -When he was ten years old he learned much magic. First he learned to -turn himself into a bright falcon, and next he learned to turn himself -into a grey wolf, and the third thing he learned was to turn himself -into a brown aurochs, a brown aurochs with golden hoofs. - - - -When Volgá was seventeen he called his friends and companions together -and formed a bodyguard of thirty youths save one, and Volgá himself was -the thirtieth. He was their Chief, and took them with him on his -journeys. He provided for them all and gave them abundance of food and -drink, and of sugar sweetmeats many kinds. And warm clothes, too, he -gave them, fur coats made of the skins of marten and sable and of -panther. When his comrades slept Volgá slept not. Sometimes he turned -himself into a grey wolf and ran and leaped in the dark forest and -killed moose-deer and bears and wolves. Martens and panthers were his -favourite prey, and he spared neither hares nor foxes. And at other -times he turned himself into a bright falcon, flew far away over the -blue sea and killed geese and white swans, and the little grey ducks he -spared not. - -One day when he was at Kiev he called his body-guard: - -“My good brave comrades,” said he, “listen to your big brother, your -Chief. Bring a rope of silk and make a snare. Put it into the dark -forest and set the snare upon the damp earth so as to catch beasts of -the forest, and catch martens and foxes, black sables and other wild -beasts, and go on snaring them for three days and three nights.” - -They listened to their big brother, their Chief, and they did the thing -he had ordered. They took a rope of silk to the dark forest and set a -snare upon the damp earth, but they could not catch a single beast. -Then Volgá their Chief turned himself into a lion-beast. He leapt and -bounded on the damp earth, through the dark forest, and drove out -martens and foxes, black sables and other wild beasts, big bounding -hares and little ermines. And Volgá took his own form again, and became -a goodly youth. - -And again when he was at the town of Kiev with his body-guard of brave -youths he said: - -“My good comrades, my brave lads, listen to your big brother your -Chief. Take a snare of silk and set it in the dark forest at the very -tops of the trees, and with it catch geese, swans and bright falcons, -and little singing birds, and go on snaring them for three days and -three nights.” - -And they listened to their big brother their Chief. They did the thing -he ordered. They took a snare of silk, set the snare in the dark -forest, at the very tops of the trees, but they could not catch a -single bird. - -Volgá the Chief turned himself into an eagle. He flew up beneath the -clouds and struck down geese, swans, bright hawks, and little singing -birds. - -Again when they were at the town of Kiev, Volgá the Chief said: - -“Good comrades, my brave body-guard, listen to your big brother, your -Chief. Take sharp axes, good for cutting wood, and build a ship of oak; -take fishing nets of silk and go forth upon the blue sea, and fish for -all kinds of fish—salmon and white fish, pike and dace, and the most -precious fish—sturgeon, and go on fishing for three days and three -nights.” - -They listened to their big brother their Chief, and they did the thing -he ordered. They took sharp axes, good for cutting wood, and built a -ship of oak. They took fishing nets of silk, but they could not catch a -single fish. - -Volgá the Chief turned himself into a big pike and swam in the blue -sea. He sent up salmon and white sturgeon, pike and dace, and the -costly fish—sturgeon, and drove them into the nets of his men. - - - -And again, when he was at Kiev with his body-guard of good comrades, -Volgá the Chief said: - -“My good brave comrades, why should we not send to the country of the -Tartars to find out what the Cham is thinking of? For the Cham may be -thinking of something. And what if he were thinking of riding into Holy -Russia? Now, whom shall we send? If we send an old man he will go -slowly, and we shall have long to wait. If we send a middle-aged man he -will tarry and drink by the way; and if we send a boy he will stop and -play. It seems as if Volgá will have to go himself!” - - - -Then Volgá the Chief turned himself into a little bird and flew up -beneath the clouds. He flew on and soon came to the country of the -Tartars. He came to the house of the Tartar Cham and perched at the -Cham’s own window and listened to his secret talk. - - - -The Cham said to his wife: - -“Now I tell you, my Queen, I know what I know. In Russia the grass -grows not as it used to grow. The flowers bloom not as before. Volgá -must be dead and gone.” - -The Queen said: - -“Come now, Santal, Cham of Tartary, the grass grows in Russia just as -before. The flowers bloom in Russia just as before. I dreamed in the -night—in dreams one sees all things. It seemed that from the East, that -dear country, a bird was flying—a small singing bird—and from the -West—the old country—after the little bird there flew a black crow. -They flew together over the open plain, and they were pecking at each -other, and the little singing bird was pecking the black crow, and she -pulled out his feathers, and all were carried away on the wind.” - -And the Cham Santal of Tartary answered her: “Oh, my Queen! I am -thinking of riding soon to Holy Russia with my army, and I shall take -nine cities and give them to my nine sons, and for myself I shall bring -back a costly fur coat.” - -But the Queen said: - -“You will not take nine cities or give them to your nine sons, and you -will not bring back for yourself a costly fur coat!” - -The Cham of Tartary answered in a rage: - -“Oh, you old devil! You were dreaming and saw yourself in your dream!” - -And he struck her on her white face, and again he struck her on the -other cheek. He threw the Queen down upon the brick floor, and threw -her down a second time, and said: - -“I shall ride to Holy Russia; I shall take nine cities, and give them -to my nine sons; and for myself I shall bring back a costly fur coat.” - - - -Volgá the Chief flew down from the window-ledge to the ground and -turned himself into a grey wolf and jumped into the stable yard. He -picked out all the good horses and tore out the throat of every one. - -Then Volgá turned himself into a little ermine and slipped into the -armoury, where the Cham kept a great stock of weapons for his men. -Volgá broke all the tough bows, tore out the silken bow strings, -destroyed the sharp arrows, bit notches in the sharp swords, and bent -the steel maces into a bow. Then he turned himself again into a little -bird and soon flew back to Kiev town, where he turned himself back into -his own shape, and was once more a goodly youth. - -Volgá came to his body-guard of good comrades. - -“My brave comrades,” said he, “let us go to the land of the Tartars!” - -And they went to the land of the Tartars, and they took all the Tartar -army prisoners. - - - - - - - - -II. - -MIKÚLA THE VILLAGER’S SON. - - -Next we come to the story of Mikúla, the villager’s son, and how he -meets with Volgá and joins his band of heroes. Young Volgá had an uncle -who was a prince in the land, and the prince gave Volgá for his own -three towns, and the towns were to pay him a yearly tribute, and so he -set out with his body-guard of brave youths to collect this tribute. - -Volgá set out, and as he rode through the free and open plain he heard -a ploughman in the open field. The ploughman’s plough could be heard -scraping over the ground and scrunching over the stones, but the -ploughman and his plough were out of sight on the boundless plain. -Volgá rode towards the ploughman all day from morning till evening with -his brave body-guard, but he could not come up with the ploughman. And -Volgá rode on the whole of another day, another day from morning till -evening, but he could not come up with the ploughman. The ploughman was -ploughing the field and still drove on. The ploughman’s plough scraped -on and the ploughshare creaked over the stones, but still Volgá could -not come within sight of him, and on the third day Volgá and his -comrades rode from morning till midday, and at midday they came up with -the ploughman in the open field. The ploughman was ploughing in the -field, and on he drove. From edge to edge he swept the long furrows. -When he reached the edge of the field he could not see the other edge. -He cast out the stumps and stones, and all the large stones he piled up -in a trench. - -The ploughman had a light bay mare, and the stock of his plough was of -maple wood. His mare was harnessed with ropes of silk. - -When Volgá came up with the ploughman he spoke to him and said: - -“God help thee, good ploughman, to plough the field and till the -ground, and to do thy labour, to sweep the furrows from edge to edge of -the field, and to turn out the stumps and stones from the ground.” - -The ploughman looked at Volgá and said: - -“Here comes Volgá with his brave body-guard! Yes, I need the help of -God to do my peasant’s work! Is it far thou goest, Volgá, and whither -dost thou go with thy brave body-guard?” - -“Well, good ploughman, I am going to town to collect the tribute. First -I go to Gurchevitz town, and next I am going to Orechovitz, and then to -a third town, Krestyanovitz.” - -“Well, my Lord Volgá,” said the ploughman, “I was in town not long -since on my bay mare, and I brought away with me from the town two bags -of salt, only two bags of salt, each of fourteen hundred pounds weight, -and the peasants there are all thieves; they asked me for threepence -for toll. But I had my whip for the journey, and I paid them their toll -with my whip.” - -“Now come with me, good ploughman,” said Volgá, “come and join my -body-guard!” - -And the good ploughman straightway unfastened his ropes of silk, took -his mare from the plough, and got on her back. - -Volgá’s body-guard were all mounted on their good horses and were -setting off, but the ploughman stopped Volgá and said: - -“Now, Volgá, I left the plough in the furrow; would it not be better to -pull the plough out of the ground and shake the earth from the -ploughshare, and throw the plough behind the broom bush? Not for fear -of any passing travellers who might take it, but on account of the -good-for-nothings in the village who might meddle with my plough.” - -Young Volgá ordered five strong young men out of his brave body-guard -to pull the plough out of the ground, to shake the earth from the -ploughshare, and throw the plough behind the broom bush. The five -strong young men rode up to the plough of maple wood, they turned the -plough about by the shaft, but could not pull the plough out of the -ground, or shake the earth from the ploughshare, and throw the plough -behind the broom bush. - -Young Volgá then sent from his brave body-guard a whole half-score to -pull the plough out of the ground, to shake the earth from the -ploughshare, and throw the plough behind the broom bush. They turned -the plough round by the shaft, but could not pull the plough out of the -ground, or shake the earth from the ploughshare, or throw the plough -behind the broom bush. - -Young Volgá then sent his whole brave body-guard to pull the plough out -of the ground, shake the earth from the ploughshare, and throw the -plough behind the broom bush, but, though they tried their hardest, -they could not pull the plough out of the ground, or shake the earth -from the ploughshare, and throw the plough behind the broom bush. Then -the good ploughman came riding up upon his light bay mare to this -plough of maple wood. He took hold of the plough with one hand, pulled -the plough out of the ground, shook the earth from the ploughshare, and -threw the plough into the broom bush. - -Again they all mounted their good steeds and rode on. The ploughman’s -mare went on at a trot, but Volgá’s horse had to gallop to try to get -up to the ploughman’s mare, and Volgá’s horse was left behind. Volgá -began to wave his cap, and he shouted: - -“Stop, good ploughman. If that mare of yours were a horse, I would give -five hundred for that mare.” - -The ploughman answered him: - -“Stupid is Volgá, the son of Svyátoslav. I took the mare as a foal from -the dam, and I paid five hundred for that mare when she was a foal. If -the mare were a horse, she would be priceless!” - -Said Volgá, the son of Svyátoslav: - -“Here, good ploughman-farmer, by what name art thou called? What is thy -father’s name, and whence comest thou?” - -And the ploughman answered him: - -“Well now, Volgá, son of Svyátoslav, I plough the fields for rye, I -build my ricks, I stack my corn, I lead it home; when I’ve brought it -home, I grind the corn, I split wood, and I brew beer. When I have -brewed beer I give it to the peasants to drink. And the peasants call -me Young Mikúla, the villager’s son!” - - - - - - - - -III. - -SVYATOGÓR. - - -There was once a great Russian Hero who was so big and strong that no -one could stand up against him, and he fancied that with his great -strength he could do anything. - -One day he made up his mind to go out for a ride on the plain, the -great open plain in Russia, where one can ride for miles without seeing -anything but the long waving feather grass. - -He saddled and bridled his good horse, got upon his back and rode out -on the open plain. In his heart he was glad; yes, he was glad—yes, and -overflowing with strength, and he said to himself: - -“So strong do I feel that if I could find something to take hold of I -could lift up the whole world!” - -He rode on a long way and presently saw another man on horseback ahead -of him. The man did not look round, but he let fall a small wallet such -as a man often carries across his shoulder or across his horse. -Svyatogór saw it lying on the road and tried to push it away with the -end of his whip; it did not move. He bent over and touched the wallet -with his fingers, but he could not move it. He stooped down from his -horse and grasped the wallet with his hand, but he could not lift it. - -“Many years have I journeyed upon this earth,” said he, “but never have -I come upon so strange a thing. Such a wonder have I never seen. A -little wallet, a bag, that will not be pushed away, that cannot be -moved out of the way, and that cannot be lifted up!” - - - -The hero got off his good horse, stooped and grasped the bag with both -hands; he lifted it a little higher than his knees, but he sank down -into the earth as far as his knees, and, not tears, but blood, ran down -his white face, and as he sank down he could not rise again. - -The man who was riding in front turned round and rode back to him. - -Svyatogór asked: - -“What was in that wallet to make it so heavy?” - -The man answered: - -“The weight of the whole world.” - -“Who art thou?” asked Svyatogór. - -“I am Mikúla, the villager’s son.” - - - - - - - - -IV. - -SVYATOGÓR AND ILYÁ OF MÚROM. - - -Near the town of Múrom in Russia there lived long ago a farmer called -Iván, with his wife and family. He and his wife and his sons and -daughters worked hard in the fields, all but one son, Ilyá, who was -always sitting at home. For thirty years Ilyá had been sitting at home -because he could use neither hands nor feet. - -One day he was sitting by the window as usual, when two wandering -pilgrims came passing by. They were both too lame and old to work, but -they had made the pilgrimage to the Holy Land and now walked about the -country singing psalms and living upon the food and money that kind -folk gave them. They saw Ilyá at his window and called out: - -“Ilyá! Ilyá of Múrom, open wide the gate for the pilgrims; let us into -thy house.” - -Ilyá of Múrom answered: - -“Well now, good pilgrims, I cannot open the gate, for I have been -sitting here these thirty years. I can use neither hands nor feet.” - -Again the pilgrims called to him: - -“O Ilyá, rise up upon thy nimble feet. Open wide the gates and let the -pilgrims in to visit thee in thy house.” - -Ilyá stood up upon his feet, as though nothing ailed him. He opened -wide the gates and let the pilgrims into the house. They came in, -crossing themselves like good Russians, and bowed low when they were in -the room. - -“Pray give us a drink, Ilyá,” they said. - -Ilyá brought them a large bowl of honey drink; it held about a pailful -and a half, and he offered it to the pilgrims. They took it and drank, -and then offered it to Ilyá. He drank the bowlful and felt a rush of -warmth throughout his body, his hero’s heart burned within him. - -“What dost thou feel, O Ilyá?” asked the pilgrims. - -Ilyá bowed to the ground before the pilgrims and answered: - -“I feel great strength within me.” - -“Bring another drink, Ilyá,” said the pilgrims. - -And Ilyá brought another cupful, and offered it to the pilgrims. They -offered it to Ilyá, and Ilyá emptied the cup without drawing breath. - -“How dost thou feel now, Ilyá?” asked the pilgrims. - -“I feel great strength, but only half as much as before,” answered he. - -Then the wandering pilgrims said: - -“O Ilyá, thou wilt be a great hero, and it is not written that thou -shouldst die in battle. Fight thou with all the heroes and the bold -warrior women of the plain, and defend thyself against them; only go -not out to fight with the hero Svyatogór, for with his strength he -could carry the earth; and fight not with the hero Samson, for he has -upon his head seven hairs of angels; also fight not with the race of -Mikúla, for damp Mother Earth loves him. Neither go after Volgá, son of -Svyátoslav; he will overcome thee, not by force, but by craft and -wisdom. Now rise up, O Ilyá, mount thy horse, and ride out into the -free and open plain. Buy the first foal thou seest with its dam, and in -three months’ time thou mayst put on the saddle. Feed him on millet and -maize; walk him about for three months, then keep him for three nights -in the garden, and roll the foal three mornings in the dew. Lead him to -a high fence, and when he will readily leap the fence both from this -side and the other, then ride him where thou wilt, he will carry thee.” - - - -Then the pilgrims vanished, and presently Ilyá’s father and mother came -in from their work in the fields. His brother and sisters came in also -from their work, and his father and mother were glad indeed to see that -Ilyá could walk as if nothing had ever ailed him. Then from joy they -became sad again, and said: - -“Thirty years has Ilyá been sitting on the bench as if he had neither -hands nor feet!” - -And Ilyá said to his father: - -“Where have you been working to-day, father?” - -But his parents only said: - -“Glory to Thee, O Lord! Thirty years has Ilyá been sitting by the -stove, and was he not without hands or feet?” - -And Ilyá asked again: - -“But you, father and mother, where have you been working on the farm?” - -“Well, Ilyá,” answered his father, “we are working in the field by the -stream; we are clearing it for ploughing. It is the field three fields -from home.” - - - -After they had dined Ilyá said to his parents: - -“Now, dear father and mother, take me to the water meadow. Show me my -bit of work.” - -And his parents took him down to the water meadow, and Ilyá said: - -“Show me how far you will plough here,” and they showed him the -boundary and sat down to rest. - -But Ilyá seized the brushwood by handfuls and cut it down by the roots -and threw it all on to a pile on the edge of the field. And he worked -so hard and so fast that the field was cleared in a quarter of the time -that it would have taken his father to finish the work. The father and -mother were asleep, for they were tired by the long morning’s work, but -they awoke when Ilyá came towards them, saying: - -“Come, father and mother, is not your field well cleared for the -ploughing? Now I must say good-bye to home!” - -Then Ilyá saddled his good horse and put on the bridle, and his father -and mother gave him their farewell blessing. - -He rode away through the open plain till at last he came to a high -mountain. When he reached the high mountain he climbed up it and then -lay down to rest, and he slept for twelve days the sleep of a hero. -When he awoke he saw at a distance a white tent standing beneath a -tree. He mounted his horse again and rode a long way through the plain -towards the white tent. This tent stood beneath the shade of a great -green oak tree upon another hill. In the tent was a great bed seventy -feet long and forty-two feet wide. Ilyá tied up his horse to the oak -tree and lay down upon that hero’s bed, and went to sleep. Now the -sleep of a hero is sound, and Ilyá slept for three days and three -nights. - -On the third day his good horse heard a terrible noise from the north. -Mother Earth rocked, the dark forest shook, the rivers overflowed their -steep banks. Ilyá’s good horse struck the ground with his hoofs, but -could not waken Ilyá of Múrom. At last the horse spoke to him in a -human voice: - -“O Ilyá of Múrom! thou knowest not that danger is near thee. The hero -Svyatogór is coming to his tent. Let me loose that I may flee across -the open plain, and thou mayest climb up into the green oak tree.” - -Ilyá untied his horse’s bridle and set the good horse free to gallop -across the plain; and then he climbed up into the oak tree. From the -oak tree he saw the hero Svyatogór coming on his great horse. The hero -was taller than a standing forest, and his head nearly touched a moving -cloud. On his shoulder he carried a great chest of glass. He came down -from his horse and placed the chest on the ground and opened it with a -golden key. Out of the chest came the hero’s wife. So lovely was she -that no such beauty had ever been seen or heard of in the whole white -world. - -Very tall she was and elegant, and delicately did she walk. She had -eyes like the eyes of a bright falcon, eyebrows of black sable, and -waving black hair. As soon as she came out of the great chest she set -to work to lay the table for her husband’s dinner. She spread a bright -chequered table-cloth and took from the chest a bottle of honey drink -and a cup and sweetmeats full many, and placed them upon the chequered -cloth. - - - -After he had eaten and drunk, Svyatogór lay down to sleep on his great -bed in the tent, but his wife went to walk on the open plain. She -caught sight of Ilyá in the oak tree and would have him to come down -and talk to her. When her husband suddenly woke up she put Ilyá into -her husband’s pocket to hide him. Svyatogór stood up and put his wife -back into the glass chest and lifted it on to his shoulder again. He -called up his horse and got upon his back and set off to ride, but soon -the horse stumbled, and Svyatogór was vexed and asked why he was -stumbling. - -“This morning,” said the horse in a human voice, “I was carrying a hero -and a hero’s wife, but now I am carrying two heroes as well as the -hero’s wife.” - -Svyatogór looked round and saw no one, but putting his hand into his -pocket there he found Ilyá. The hero asked Ilyá whence he came. Ilyá -told him the truth, and Svyatogór was exceeding angry and killed his -wife for trying to deceive him. - - - -That Ilyá had dealt straightly pleased the hero Svyatogór, and there -arose a great friendship between them. Svyatogór exchanged crosses with -Ilyá in token of friendship, and called Ilyá his younger brother. He -taught Ilyá all the handling of weapons, how to use his mace and his -bow and arrows and spear in fighting, and also all the ways of travel -of the heroes. Ilyá had called up his good horse from the plain by a -loud whistle, and the two heroes, the old Svyatogór and the younger -Ilyá of Múrom, rode on together through the open plain till they came -to a great tomb built of stone. Upon the tomb was written these words:— - - - “He who is fated to lie in this tomb will exactly fit it.” - - -Ilyá lay down in the tomb, but it was too long and too wide for him, -and at once he sprang out of it. - -The giant hero Svyatogór lay down there, and the tomb just fitted him. - -“The tomb is just made for me,” said the hero. “Take the lid of the -tomb, Ilyá, and cover me.” - -Ilyá answered: - -“I will not take up the lid of the tomb, O, my big brother. I will not -cover thee. This is a foolish jest of thine—thou wilt bury thyself.” - -And Svyatogór took the lid and covered himself up in the tomb, but when -he tried to lift the lid off again he could not move it. He struggled -and strove to lift it, but could do nothing. Then he called to Ilyá: - -“O, my young brother! It seems that my fate has found me. I cannot -raise the lid. Try thou to lift it.” - -Ilyá of Múrom tried hard to raise the cover, but what could he do? - -Then said Svyatogór the hero: - -“Take my sword of steel and strike across the lid of the tomb.” - -Ilyá tried to lift Svyatogór’s great sword, but could not—it was too -heavy for him—and he had to say: - -“I cannot lift thy sword, O, my brother!” - -Svyatogór then called to him: - -“My little brother, bend down to this small chink in the tomb, and I -will breathe upon thee the spirit of a hero.” - -Ilyá bent down to the chink and Svyatogór the hero breathed upon him -his hero’s spirit. Ilyá felt that his former strength had become three -times as great as before. He took the sword of steel and struck a blow -across the lid of the tomb. By this blow sparks were struck, but on the -place where he struck the lid there grew a band of iron. - -The hero Svyatogór called to him again, saying: - -“My young brother, I am suffocating; try again to strike the lid -lengthwise.” - -Ilyá struck the cover lengthwise with the great sword, but again where -he struck there grew a band of iron. - -Then the hero Svyatogór spoke to him, saying: - -“My young brother, I am suffocating. Stoop down to the chink and I will -breathe upon thee and will give thee all my great strength.” - -But Ilyá answered: - -“If I had all thy strength, O, my big brother, Earth would not bear -me.” - -Then said the hero Svyatogór: - -“Thou hast done well, little brother, in that thou didst not do my last -bidding. I should have breathed upon thee with the breath of the dead, -and thou wouldst have lain dead by me. Now, farewell; take my sword of -steel, but lead my good horse to my tomb; none but I must own that -horse.” - -Then came from the chink the last breath of the hero. Ilyá said -farewell to his friend, girded on his sword of steel, but left the -hero’s horse by his master’s tomb, and he rode away into the free and -open plain. - - - - - - - - -V. - -ILYÁ OF MÚROM AND NIGHTINGALE THE ROBBER. - - The green oak bows not down to the earth, - Leaves of paper do not grow. - - -Ilyá had made up his mind to go to Kiev town to seek service with the -gracious Prince Vladímir, but before setting out on that long journey -he wished to see his father again and ask for his blessing, so he rode -back to Múrom and to his old home. He found his old father there and -greeted him, saying: - -“Come thou, my own dear Father! I am here to ask for thy blessing. I go -to glorious, royal Kiev town to pray at the sanctuary of Kiev and to -pledge myself to Vladímir the Prince, to serve him in faith and in -truth, and to uphold the Christian faith.” - -The old farmer Iván blessed Ilyá and said: - -“I give thee my blessing for the good work, but for evil work no -blessing I give. Go thou on the right road, and do no harm to any woman -whether she be Christian or Tartar.” - -Ilyá of Múrom bowed to the earth before his father, and said farewell -to his mother and his sisters and brothers, and then he mounted his -good horse and rode through the open plain. With his whip he struck his -horse on the curved hind quarter and his restive steed was wroth and -suddenly sprang from the earth and bounded higher than an upright tree, -almost as high as a moving cloud. At the first bound he passed twelve -miles, at the second bound he came to a well. By the well Ilyá cut down -a green oak tree, and beside the well he built a small chapel, and upon -the chapel he wrote his name, - - - ILYÁ OF MÚROM, SON OF IVÁN, - - -so that if some strong and mighty hero should ride that way, he should -know the name of the builder of that chapel. - - - -At the third bound Ilyá’s horse brought him to the town of Chérnigov. -Near Chérnigov there stood a countless host of Tartars, and at their -head were three Princes, each with the strength of forty thousand. On -seeing this vast horde the hero’s heart grew hot within him, and he -could not control his longing to fight. His heart was filled with -fires, and it burned too as if scorched by frost. Then he spoke and -said: - -“I desire not to go against my father’s wish, or knowingly to disregard -his command.” - -Then he took in his hand his battle-sword and taught it to take a walk -through the army. Where he turned, it opened out a street, and when he -turned round there was a great open space. Ilyá made his way to the -three princes, and spoke thus to them: - -“Come, my three king’s sons! Shall I take you away as prisoners, or -shall I cut off your warlike heads? If I take you away as prisoners, I -must travel over roads that I know not and must carry bread, but if I -take off your heads the kingly race will be destroyed. If you will go -home to your own country, you will spread such report of me that it -will be known all over Russia, and you will tell it everywhere that in -Holy Russia there are strong and mighty heroes.” - -The Governor of Chérnigov saw Ilyá and said: - -“This Lord has vanquished our tyrant and cleansed our glorious city of -Chérnigov,” and he spoke to his princes and nobles and said: - -“Go ye and call in this goodly hero to eat bread and salt with me.” - -And the princes and nobles came forth to greet Ilyá of Múrom and said: - -“Come now, thou stalwart and goodly hero, and tell us by what honoured -name thou art called, and what is thy renowned father’s name?” - -“They call me by the name of Ilyá, but I am honoured as the son of -Iván,” said Ilyá. - -“Come, Ilyá of Múrom,” said the princes and nobles, “come to our -Governor, he sends us to invite thee to eat bread and salt with him.” - -But Ilyá wished to be on the way to Kiev and answered with little -ceremony: - -“I will not come to your Governor; I wish not to eat bread and salt -with him. Show me the straight road to glorious, royal Kiev town.” - -So they had to let him go on his way, and they showed him the straight -road to Kiev across the open plain. - -Farther, farther upon on the open plain waves the feather grass in the -breeze, and there upon the open plain, among old folk, mothers and men, -rode the Old Cossack, Ilyá of Múrom, and the horse he rode was like a -fierce wild beast and he himself like a bright falcon. - - - -Now the old hero carried no money, only seven thousand golden ducats -had he with him, and of small money, forty thousand pieces. And the -horse the hero rode was priceless. Why was the hero’s horse priceless? -Because these was no price for the horse. - - - -When he came to a river he looked for no ford. Now the river was a full -mile wide, but the good steed leapt from bank to bank. Then Ilyá saw a -village near by and the villagers—brigands, as we say in our Russian -tongue—rode out after the hero. They swept round him and tried to rob -him, tried to part him from his life and soul. - -Then said Ilyá of Múrom, son of Iván: - -“Oh come, brother villagers, no reason have ye to kill an old man like -me. And ye shall take nothing from the old man.” - -He took from his saddle his tough bow and brought out from his quiver a -sharp arrow. He bent his bow and fitted the arrow to the silken string, -and shot—not at the village folk—brigands though they were—for he would -have been loth to slay them, but he shot at the green oak tree; and the -bowstring sang in the tough bow, the villagers fell from their horses, -the arrow struck the crackling green oak tree and shattered the oak -into chips and shavings. By this heroic deed of thunder the brigand -villagers were filled with fear, and for five hours they lay without -sense, and Ilyá made sport of them. - -“Come, come, good youths, you village brigands! Why do you lie half the -night there upon the damp earth? Why go off to sleep and sleep half the -night? On my way here I passed many people both on horseback and on -foot; you have let many a good chance escape you.” - -The goodly youths stood up upon their nimble feet and threw themselves -at Ilyá’s feet and said: - -“O thou brave hero! come and join our band and be thou our chieftain.” - -The good hero, Ilyá of Múrom, answered them: - -“I desire not to join your band; I am on my way to Kiev town, to -Vladímir the Prince, to help him, and to fight and defend him.” - - - -The bold hero rode on through the open plain till he came to a pillar -of white oak. On the pillar this writing was written: - - - “To ride straight on—only five hundred miles, - But making a round—seven hundred miles.” - - -Ilyá looked at this writing and said: - -“If I ride straight, I shall cease to live; this way I can neither ride -nor walk nor fly. Nightingale the Robber sits in his nest upon the -seven oaks, and the robber-dog will seize me at the seventh mile.” - -Ilyá stood still to think what he should do. - -“The straight horse-road is broken up, the little bridge of white hazel -is broken down. It would be no honour to me, or glory to my knighthood -to ride by that roundabout way. It is better to ride by the straight -road.” - - - -At once he got down from his good steed; with one hand he led his -horse, while with the other he put planks across the stream for a -bridge—that bridge of white hazel. - -The straight road he mended, and he rode on till he came near the clump -of seven oak trees upon which Nightingale the Robber had built his -great nest. - - - -Nightingale the Robber was sitting upon his nest of twisted boughs upon -the seven oak trees, and Ilyá rode up to the oak trees. The robber-dog -tried to seize him just as he had come to the seventh mile, and -Nightingale the Robber roared like a wild aurochs, and the villain -whistled like a nightingale, and the robber-dog howled like a dog. - - - -And at these sounds Ilyá’s good steed fell upon his knees with terror -at the roar of the aurochs, and the whistle of the nightingale, and the -dog-like howling of the robber-dog. Ilyá struck his horse between the -ears and also struck him upon the flank, saying: - -“Oh thou food for wolves, thou grass-bag! Hast thou never heard the -roar of an aurochs? and hast thou never heard the whistle of a -nightingale, and the howling of a robber-dog?” - -The hero did not sit still but quickly bent his strong bow, took a -sharp arrow from his quiver and shot the arrow at Nightingale the -Robber as he sat there in his nest on the seven oak trees. The arrow -hit Nightingale the Robber in the right eye and came out at the left -ear, and Nightingale the Robber fell from his nest down upon the damp -earth. - - - -Then Ilyá took Nightingale the Robber and tied him to his Circassian -stirrup and made him walk beside the horse towards Kiev town. Presently -they came to the house of Nightingale the Robber. It was a big house in -a large yard, and round the yard was a high iron fence with spikes on -the railings, and upon every spike was set the head of a hero; for -Nightingale the Robber killed all that passed that way. - - - -Nightingale’s children caught sight of their father and called out: - -“Look! father is bringing a man.” - -And Nightingale’s young wife looked from the window and said: - -“A strange man is carrying off your dear father.” - -And she called to some men who were idling about the yard and said: - -“Will you not take him from this wanderer on the road? Is your dear -father nothing to you? He has fallen into the power of this horseman. -It would be better to take a cup full of red gold, and another of pure -silver, and a third cup full of round pearls. Go now and offer them as -a ransom. Speak to this horseman and persuade him. Coax him and talk -him over so that he may release Nightingale.” - -And they rushed into the house, and Nightingale’s wife took the keys -and went down to the deep vaults where all Nightingale’s treasure was -stored, and they filled a cup full of red gold, and another with pure -silver, and a third with round pearls, and they went out to Ilyá with -flattering words and tried to coax him and talk him over, saying: - -“O thou bold hero, good youth, give us back our dear father and we will -give thee gold and silver!” - - - -Ilyá received these messengers and talked to them thus: - -“Look here, brothers, you who work for gain, I will not give you your -dear father; he would only turn brigand again and rob the travellers -passing this way.” - - - -And Ilyá rode on to Kiev town with Nightingale the Robber by his side, -still tied to the stirrup so that he could not run away. Ilyá hurried -on, for he would fain be at Kiev in time for the service on Easter -morning; but he could not get there in time. When he reached Kiev he -rode into the wide courtyard of the Prince’s palace. He tied up his -good horse to the gold ring on a carven pillar, but did not take off -either the saddle or the bridle, and he left Nightingale the Robber -still tied to the stirrup. - -Then Ilyá walked quickly through the new entrance, through the guard -room and into the hall. There he crossed himself like a good Russian, -and made his bow as he came into the hall. The steward of Vladímir the -Prince he greeted, and asked him: - -“Where is the Prince Vladímir of royal Kiev?” - -“Prince Vladímir has gone to Mass,” was the answer. - -Ilyá sat down on the plain wooden bench to wait, and in a short time -Prince Vladímir came in with his nobles and attendants from the Easter -service. - -Then they all gave greetings one to the other, and each hero greeted -the other, and Vladímir spoke to Ilyá and said: - -“All hail to thee, brave youth, I know not thy name or thy father’s -name. Art thou a Tsar or a Tsar’s son? Art thou a king or a king’s -son?” - -Ilyá answered and said: - -“I am from the town of Múrom. I am the old Cossack, Ilyá of Múrom.” - -And they all sat down at the table to eat bread, and they carved and -ate white swans, and Ilyá began to talk and to boast of what he had -done. - -“I am a brave hero, I have been riding through the eve of Easter Day. I -would fain have been in time for the Easter Mass, but I could not get -here in time for Easter morning, for the hour was past. I rode here by -the straight road, and when I reached the green oaks, Nightingale the -Robber was sitting upon the seven oaks. That ill-doer used to seize -upon every one for seven miles round. When I came near the oaks -Nightingale roared like a wild aurochs, and the villain whistled like a -nightingale, and the robber-dog howled like a dog. Then my good horse -fell upon his knees with fear, but I took out my tough bow, set the -sharp arrow, and shot Nightingale the Robber. I shot the villain -through the right eye, and the arrow came out by the left ear. Then -Nightingale fell upon the damp earth, and I took the robber and -fastened him to my Circassian stirrup and brought the villain with me.” - -Vladímir the Prince looked at Ilyá and said: - -“It seems to me, my bold youth, that there must be a big tavern in this -country! Hast thou been drinking strong drink? Art thou not making -empty boasts, good hero?” - -Ilyá’s wrath grew hot within him, and angrily he said: - -“Thou it is who art the fool, O Prince of royal Kiev! I have -Nightingale the Robber here, tied to my Circassian stirrup.” - -Then all sprang up and rushed out, hurried and stumbled against each -other as they ran out to see Nightingale the Robber. They all spoke and -shouted together and called out to him: - -“O thou Nightingale the Robber! Roar, O Nightingale, like an aurochs! -Thou evil doer, whistle like a nightingale! O thou robber-dog, howl -like a dog!” - -Nightingale the Robber looked up and said: - -“With you I neither eat nor drink, and I will not obey you.” - - - -At once the crowd of courtiers turned back to the hall and came to Ilyá -of Múrom, bowed low to him and craved their boon: - -“O Ilyá of Múrom, we beg thee to make Nightingale the Robber roar like -an aurochs, and make the villain whistle like a nightingale, and make -the robber-dog howl like a dog.” - -And Ilyá spoke to the Prince and said: - -“O Vladímir, Prince of royal Kiev! Nightingale’s lips are now sealed -together and his mouth is filled with dried blood, for my arrow went -through his right eye and it came out by the left ear. Pray let a bowl -of strong drink be poured out for him—a bowl weighing half a -hundredweight, a bowl holding four gallons, and let it be given to -Nightingale.” - -And they poured him out a bowl of strong drink—a bowl weighing half a -hundredweight, a bowl holding four gallons; and they took it to -Nightingale the Robber. He took the bowl in one hand, drank off the -bowl of strong drink at one draught, and spoke these words: - -“Pour out another bowl of strong beer—a bowl weighing half a -hundredweight, a bowl holding four gallons, and pour out a third bowl -of sweet mead—a bowl weighing half a hundredweight, a bowl holding four -gallons.” - -And they poured out a bowlful of strong beer, and they poured out a -bowlful of sweet mead and brought both to Nightingale the Robber. He -took the bowl with one hand and drank off the bowlful at one draught. -And then Nightingale the Robber was drunken, and Ilyá of Múrom said to -him: - -“Now, Nightingale! Roar, thou robber, like an aurochs; whistle, O -villain, like a nightingale; and howl, O dog, like a dog.” - -And Nightingale the Robber roared like an aurochs, the villain whistled -like a nightingale, and the robber-dog howled like a dog. - - - -Princes and nobles all lay for dead, but Vladímir the Prince of royal -Kiev stood up straight and went up to Ilyá, for the Prince had a boon -to ask: - -“Silence Nightingale the Robber, lest he whistle again like a -nightingale, and my nobles leave me here alone.” - - - - - - - - -VI. - -THE THREE WAYS. - - -One day Ilyá set off on his good horse for a ride. He rode a long way -through the open plain till he came to the Burning Stone. Three lengths -beyond the stone there were three paths leading this way and that from -the Burning Stone, and upon the stone was written: - - - “Who goes by the first path will be killed. - Who goes by the second path will find marriage. - Who goes by the third path will become rich.” - - -He stopped to consider: - -“By which path shall I go? Why should a bold hero want to be rich? Why -should I want to marry? I will take the way to be killed.” - -So he took that way and rode on for three hours, and he rode three -hundred miles, and then he came to a hill, and at that hill, that high -hill, brigands began to come up, and there came up forty thousand -brigands. They began to defy our bold hero, and the brave Cossack spoke -and hailed them: - -“Come, you forty thousand robbers! What will you take from me, the bold -hero? I have not many chests of uncounted gold, I have no beautiful -young wives, I have no fine clothes, I have nothing but a good horse, a -good horse which cost three hundred; on the horse are trappings worth -five hundred; on myself a hero’s gear worth a cool thousand.” - -When he drew his iron mace of three tons weight, he began to defy the -robbers, and he killed the forty thousand robbers. - - - -Then the bold hero turned back, and when he reached the Burning Stone -he altered the writing thus: - - - “If thou goest by this road thou wilt not be killed.” - - -And he said: - -“I shall go by the road to marriage.” - -So Ilyá took the second path and rode on for just three hundred miles. -He rode on always through the plain, that open plain, through the open -plain, the green meadow, through those open plains and through green -meadows till he came to a wonderful and a strange thing. If we called -it a town it would be too small; if we called it a village it would -seem too large, but there stood a palace built of white stone. When -Ilyá reached the broad palace yard there came a most beautiful young -princess from the palace of white stone. She came to meet the brave -hero and took him by his white hands, kissed him with her sweet lips, -led him into the white stone palace, and made him sit down at the oaken -table, where a feast was spread. Ilyá ate and drank in plenty, and -stuffed himself the whole day long till evening, when he rose up from -the oaken table and spoke to the princess and said: - -“O thou enchanting and beautiful lady, where are thy warm sleeping -chambers? Where are the beds of carved wood? Where are the soft feather -beds? I am an old man and weary, and I would fain sleep.” - -And the princess led him to a warm chamber, but the old man stood by -the bed and shook his head and said: - -“Much have I travelled through Holy Russia, but so strange a thing have -I never seen. It seems to me that that bed is a trap.” - -Suddenly he seized the princess by her white hands and threw her -against the brick wall against which the bed stood. The bed of carved -wood turned over and the princess fell down into a deep dungeon below. - -The old Cossack walked out of the palace, and outside he found the door -of the deep dungeon. Then he took the golden keys, went on and unlocked -the deep dungeon and set free many goodly youths and brave, and many -strong and mighty heroes, but the beautiful and wicked enchantress was -killed. And all the rich treasure which Ilyá found there in that white -stone palace he bestowed on the good youths and brave, and on the -strong and mighty heroes. But that white stone palace he gave to the -flames. - -And then our bold hero rode back again, and when he came to the Burning -Stone he again altered the graven letters and wrote: - - - “By that way I went—I was not married.” - - -“I go,” said he, “by the third path, where one will become rich.” - -And on he rode for three hours, three hundred miles he rode, and again -he rode through the plain, the open plain, the meadow, the green -meadow, to a place where there were sunk deep pits in the ground, all -piled up with red gold—red gold, pure silver, and fine round pearls. - -Ilyá looked at the gold and said: - -“What has a bold hero to do with these riches, with this treasure of -much uncounted gold?” - - - -He began to consider: and then he took enough of this treasure in this -plain, this open plain, to build an abbey for prayers to God. He built -a church, a minster church, ordered the singing of psalms and the -ringing of bells, and then Ilyá said: - -“Let him whose treasure it was go and look for it!” - -And then the bold hero turned back again; again he rode to that Burning -Stone; again he wrote beneath that inscription: - - - “Though I rode by that path, I became not rich.” - - - - - - - - -VII. - -ILYÁ OF MÚROM AND KING KÁLIN. - - -In the palace of the gracious Prince Vladímir, in royal Kiev town, a -great feast of honour was spread for many princes and nobles and for -the strong and mighty heroes and their bold followers, men of the -plains, and for the stranger merchants and traders. - -The Fair Sun, Prince Vladímir himself, took his pleasure there, and -gave rich gifts to his guests. To some he gave towns, and to others he -gave small towns, to some he gave villages, and to others he gave -hamlets, and to Ilyá of Múrom he gave a coat of marten fur with a -collar of sable. - -But Ilyá received not the fur coat as an honour; he received it without -respect and praised it not. He took the fur coat into the kitchen and -dragged the fur coat about the kitchen floor. Yes, and thus he talked -to the fur coat: - -“Just as I drag about this fur coat, so will I drag about that serpent, -King Kálin, by his yellow curls. And just as I pour strong drink upon -this fur coat, his heart shall pour forth his hot blood.” - -And there was a dark-haired maid there, and she reported the matter to -Fair Sun, Prince Vladímir, and said: - -“O Fair Sun, Prince Vladímir! When Ilyá of Múrom was in my kitchen, he -dragged about the coat of marten fur; yes, and he said to the fur coat: - -“Just as I drag this fur coat about, so will I drag Prince Vladímir -about by his yellow curly hair, and, just as I pour strong drink upon -the fur coat—yes, he himself said it to the fur coat—the Fair Sun, -Prince Vladímir’s hot blood shall be poured out by my white hands.” - -And the Fair Sun, Prince Vladímir, grew angry, and he cried out in a -loud voice: - -“Come, my strong and mighty heroes, take Ilyá away to the dungeon, and -put an iron grating there and cover it over with logs of oak; yes, and -bury him with yellow sand.” - -And the heroes came to Ilyá and said: - -“Now, old Cossack, Ilyá of Múrom! Fair Sun Vladímir, the Prince, has -ordered us to put thee in a deep dungeon, and to put an iron grating -there, and to cover it all over with oak logs, yes, and to bury thee -with yellow sand.” - -And Ilyá spoke to them and said: - -“Now, what will ye do with me?” - -And the heroes said: - -“There is no sun in the heavens. Not one hero in Holy Russia. Old -Cossack, Ilyá of Múrom! O that we might take thee out of this bitter -captivity! Fair Sun, Prince Vladímir, makes us turn pale.” - - - -Then Ilyá mounted his good horse and rode to Kiev town. He rode not -into Kiev town, but he rode to the deep dungeon. - -He got down from his good horse, took off the Circassian saddle, took -off the braided bridle and let his brown horse go where God willed. - -Then Ilyá was let down into the deep dungeon, and they put a grating -over; they put it above him and placed oak logs all over it, and buried -him with yellow sand. - - - -Now the glorious Prince Vladímir had an only daughter, and she saw that -this was no small matter that Prince Vladímir of royal Kiev town had -put the old Cossack, Ilyá of Múrom, into that cold dungeon. For it -might be that he alone would be able to defend the Faith and Country; -that he alone might defend Kiev town; that he alone might defend the -Minster Church, might protect Vladímir the Prince and the Princess -Apráxia. - -So the Princess caused a deep trench to be dug to reach the dungeon of -the old Cossack, Ilyá of Múrom. And she commanded that false keys -should be made; and she sent people secretly to take to the cold -dungeon pillows of down and feather beds, and ordered them to take warm -coverlets too, and changes of clothing, and to provide delicate food -for the old Cossack, Ilyá of Múrom. But of this had Vladímir the Prince -no knowledge. - - - -Now that dog, the Tartar King Kálin, burned to be at Kiev town. Even -royal Kiev town would he destroy, and all the peasants he would cut to -pieces, and would burn down the churches of God, and also cut off the -heads of Vladímir the Prince and the Princess Apráxia. - -And King Kálin, the dog, sent an envoy to royal Kiev town and gave him -a letter to deliver, and he said to the envoy: - -“When thou goest to royal Kiev town thou wilt be an ambassador in Kiev -town to the glorious Prince Vladímir. Therefore go to the broad -courtyard of the Prince’s palace, and dismount not, but ride in on thy -good steed. After thou hast ridden through the courtyard, then get down -off thy steed and go to the palace of white stone, and into the great -hall of white stone and into the dining hall. Go not humbly, but walk -in with a flourish through the five doors and take not thy cap from thy -head; but go up to the oaken table and stand opposite Prince Vladímir -and place the letter upon the golden table before him, and speak to -Prince Vladímir and say: - -“O Prince Vladímir of royal Kiev town! Take this letter which is sent -to thee, and look at what is written in the letter and see what is -impressed upon it. Clean all thy arrow-straight streets and the Courts -of the Prince in all the town of Kiev, and in all the broad streets and -alleys of the princedom place sweet strong drinks, cask by cask -standing close together, for those who stand by the dog, King Kálin, -with his mighty warriors, in thy town of Kiev.” - -Prince Vladímir of royal Kiev took the letter sent to him, broke the -seal and looked at what was written therein, and he saw what was in the -letter: that he was commanded to clean the arrow-straight streets and -the great Courts of the Prince, and to place sweet strong drinks in all -the broad streets and all the alleys of the princedom. - -Then Vladímir, the Prince of royal Kiev, saw that this was no small -matter, but a great one, and he sat down in his writing-chair and a -humble letter wrote he. - - -“Thou dog, King Kálin! Give me the space of three years, give me three -years and three months, three months and also three days, that I may -clean the arrow-straight streets and the great Courts of the Prince, -and make sweet strong drinks and place them in the town of Kiev and in -all the broad streets and in in all the alleys of the glorious -princedom.” - - -The Prince sent off this humble letter to that dog, King Kálin. And the -dog, King Kálin gave him the space of three years, three years and -three months, three months and three days. And day after day the rain -it rained, and week after week it ran like a river, and the time went -by—the three years and three months and three days; and then came the -dog, King Kálin. Came beneath the town of Kiev with his great army. - -Then Prince Vladímir of royal Kiev began to walk up and down, and tears -of grief flowed from his bright eyes. With a kerchief of silk the -Prince wiped his eyes, and he spoke these words: - -“The old Cossack, Ilyá of Múrom, lives no longer, none is there to -defend the Faith and Country; none to defend the Church of God and Kiev -town; none to protect Vladímir the Prince and the Princess Apráxia!” - -Then came to him his dear daughter, and spoke to him these words: - -“O my dear father, Prince Vladímir of royal Kiev, the old Cossack, Ilyá -of Múrom, is yet alive, he is alive in the cold dungeon.” - - - -Then Prince Vladímir quickly brought the golden keys and went to the -cold dungeon, and soon unlocked the doors and opened the iron grating. -And there was the old Cossack, Ilyá of Múrom, sitting there in the -dungeon, reading the Holy Gospels. - -And there were down pillows and feather beds, and warm coverlets had -been brought there, and changes of apparel and delicate food provided. - - - -And the Prince took Ilyá by his white hands and by his golden ring, and -led him from the cold dungeon, brought him to his white stone palace, -and placed him near himself. He kissed Ilyá and welcomed him, and -invited him to the oaken table, and gave him sugar sweetmeats to eat -and drink made from honey. Then spoke the Prince to Ilyá these words: - -“Old Cossack, Ilyá of Múrom! Taken is our town of Kiev. The dog, King -Kálin, has surrounded Kiev town with his great army. Do thou defend our -Faith and Country and glorious Kiev town, and defend the Church of the -Mother of God, and Vladímir thy Prince and the Princess Apráxia.” - - - -Then the old Cossack, Ilyá of Múrom, went out from the palace of white -stone, and walked through the town of Kiev to his dwelling of white -stone. He asked for his beloved steed, and went to the broad yard and -into the stable, and looked at his good war horse. And Ilyá said: - -“My beloved steed! My trusty and unchanging servant! Well hast thou -been looked to, my hero horse.” - -He kissed him on his sweet mouth, led the good horse from the stable -stall and into the fine broad courtyard; and then the old Cossack began -to saddle his good horse there. Upon the horse he put a saddle-cloth, -and upon the saddle-cloth he laid a cloth of felt; now the saddle-cloth -was of silk, and upon the saddle-cloth he laid another cloth, and then -the Circassian saddle. But the Circassian saddle did not hold firmly, -and Ilyá fastened it by twelve girths of silk, and he drew them up with -steel pins. And he fixed on stirrups of steel and buckles of red -gold—not for show, but for heroic strength. Drawn up are the girths of -silk, and they break not; steel and iron bend, but break not; and the -buckles of red gold may get wet, but they rust not. - - - -Ilyá then got upon his good steed, and took with him his hero’s -weapons. His club of steel took he, and his grooved spear, his sharp -sabre also, and his whip for the journey. And Ilyá set out from the -town of Kiev and rode through the open plain, and up to the Tartar -army. And when he came near and saw that great host, and heard the -shouting of the men and the neighing of the horses, he began to lose -heart. And when the old Cossack, Ilyá of Múrom rode through the free -and open plain, he could not find out where the army ended. He leapt up -a high hill, looked round on all sides and looked down upon the Tartar -army; he could see no end or limit to it. - -He came down from that high hill and rode on through the free and open -plain, and he leapt up another high hill and looked towards the western -side and saw some white tents standing, and by the tents stood heroes’ -horses. He hastened down from that high hill and rode through the -freedom of the open plain, and he came to the white tents. And when -Ilyá got down from his good horse near the white tents, there stood the -heroes’ horses. They were standing by a white linen cloth, and on the -cloth millet and spring corn were scattered. - -Ilyá let the silken bridle hang loose on the neck of his good hero -horse and urged on his horse to the white linen, saying: - -“Pleasant indeed would it be to taste it, if the heroes’ horses will -allow him upon the white linen cloth to share the millet and spring -corn.” - -His good horse stood by the linen cloth and began to eat the millet and -spring corn, and the old Cossack, Ilyá of Múrom went to the white tent. -In the tent were twelve heroes, and the heroes were all Russian, and -they sat there eating bread and salt, and they were about to dine. - -And Ilyá went into the tent and said: - -“A good appetite to you, Heroes of Holy Russia, and to thee, Samson, my -dear godfather!” - -“Come here, my dear godson!” said his godfather. “Come, old Cossack, -Ilyá of Múrom. Sit down and eat with us.” - -And he stood up on his nimble feet to greet Ilyá of Múrom. And they -greeted each other and kissed each other, and he made Ilyá sit at their -table to eat bread and salt with them. Twelve heroes were they, and -Ilyá was the thirteenth. They all ate and drank, and when they had -dined they came away from the oaken table and made their prayer to God. - -Then the old Cossack, Ilyá of Múrom, spoke and said: - -“My dear godfather, Samson, and you, O mighty Russian heroes! I pray -you saddle your good horses and ride out through the free and open -plain to glorious, royal Kiev town. For before our town of Kiev stands -that dog, King Kálin with his great army. He will lay waste royal Kiev -town and cut the peasants to pieces. He will send the churches of God -up in smoke; and as for Prince Vladímir and Apráxia the Princess, he -would cut off their turbulent heads. Now, come ye and defend the Faith -and country, and defend our glorious, royal Kiev town, and protect -Prince Vladímir and Apráxia the Princess.” - -And Samson, his godfather, answered him: - -“O my beloved godson, old Cossack, Ilyá of Múrom! We will not saddle -our horses and ride through the free and open plain to defend our Faith -and country, and defend royal Kiev town. We will not defend the -churches of God or protect Prince Vladímir and Apráxia the Princess. -For the Prince in truth has many princes and nobles, and he gives them -food and drink and rewards them. Nothing have we from Prince Vladímir.” - -“O Samson, my dear god-father,” said the old Cossack, Ilyá of Múrom, -“this would be no good thing on our part, to stand apart when King -Kálin lays waste Kiev town, and cuts the peasants to pieces, and sends -the churches of God up in smoke, and cuts off the turbulent heads of -Vladímir the Prince and the Princess Apráxia. Come, saddle your good -horses and ride through the open plain to Kiev town, to defend the -Faith and country and glorious, royal Kiev, and to protect the churches -of God, and Vladímir the Prince with the Princess Apráxia.” - - - -But unavailing were Ilyá’s entreaties; not one hero would join him for -the defence of Kiev town against the Tartar King and his hosts. Nothing -had they from Prince Vladímir, so they would not help him. - -When Ilyá saw that he could not persuade them, he went out from the -white tent to his good hero-horse, took him by his silken bridle and -led him away from the white linen cloth, and from the millet and spring -corn. And Ilyá got upon his good steed and rode through the free and -open plain, and up to the great Tartar army. - - - -No bright falcon is this attacking geese and swans and nights of grey -ducks, but a Hero of Holy Russia, advancing to attack that great host -of Tartars. - -He urged on his heroic steed, and rode on through the Tartar army. He -began to ride over the Tartar soldiers and to trample them under his -horse’s feet, to tread them under foot and slay them with his spear. He -fought with that great army, and beat down men as if he were mowing -grass. - -His good heroic horse spoke to him in human tongue: - -“Come, thou glorious hero of Holy Russia! If thou dost trample down the -Tartars, thou canst not by thyself conquer this great army. Ride thou -up to that dog, King Kálin, and to that great host of soldiers. With -him are mighty heroes and bold warrior-women of the plains. That dog, -King Kálin has had three deep trenches made in the glorious open plain. -When thou ridest on the free and open plain, thou wilt beat down many -men of the forces, and when we come to the deep trenches I shall leap -out of the first trench and will bear thee thence. When we come to the -next trench, I shall leap out and bear thee thence. But at the third -deep trench I shall leap out, but I shall not bear thee out of it; in -the deep trench wilt thou remain.” - -Now the old Cossack, Ilyá of Múrom, liked not this thing. In his white -hand he took his whip with the lash of silk, and beat his horse upon -the ribs, and thus he spoke to his steed: - -“O thou faithless dog! I feed and water thee and provide for thee, and -thou wouldst leave me in the open plain, even in those deep trenches!” - -And Ilyá rode on through the free and open plain to that great army. -And he trampled men under foot and speared them with his spear, and -beat them down like mowing grass. - -And Ilyá’s strength grew no less, and when he came to the deep trench -his good horse leapt out again and bore Ilyá thence, and he urged on -his hero-horse through the free and open plain to that great army; and -again he trampled the Tartars under foot, and speared them and beat -them down like mowing grass. And Ilyá’s strength grew no less; he sat -his good horse and grew no older. And he cut his way through with his -hero-horse and fell into the second trench. His good steed leapt out -and bore Ilyá thence; and Ilyá again urged on his steed through the -free and open plain, and again he trampled men under foot and speared -them, and beat down Tartars like mowing grass. And Ilyá’s strength -became no less; he sat his good steed and grew no older; but he fell -into the third trench. He cut his way through the deep trench, and also -out of the third trench leapt his good heroic steed, but Ilyá he bore -not out thence, for Ilyá slipped off his good horse, and in the deep -trench he remained. - - - -And there came the Tartars running to catch the good horse, but the -heroic steed would not allow himself to be taken, but galloped away -through the open plain. - -Then came the pagan Tartars and fell upon the old Cossack, Ilyá of -Múrom, and they chained together his nimble feet, and bound his white -hands, and the Tartars said: - -“Cut off his turbulent head.” - -But some of the Tartars said: - -“There is no need to cut off his turbulent head; we will lead Ilyá to -the dog, King Kálin, and what he commands that must we do.” - -And they took Ilyá through the open plain to that pavilion of white -linen, and led him in to the dog, King Kálin, and placed him before the -King, and spoke thus to King Kálin: - -“Now, O King Kálin, we have taken the old Cossack, Ilyá of Múrom, and -have brought him to thee, O King. Do to him as thou wilt.” - -Then the dog, King Kálin spoke to Ilyá, and said: - -“Now, thou old Cossack, Ilyá of Múrom! A young puppy have they let -loose against my great army! How couldst thou alone overcome my great -host? Unchain Ilyá’s nimble feet and unloose his white hands.” - -So the Tartars removed the bonds from his feet and hands, and the dog, -King Kálin said: - -“Now old Cossack, Ilyá of Múrom! Sit down with me at my table, and eat -of my sugar sweetmeats and drink of my honey drink. Wear my costly -garments, and take from my chest of gold what thou needest. Serve no -longer the Prince Vladímir, but serve the dog, King Kálin.” - -And Ilyá answered the King: - -“I will not sit at the same table with thee, nor eat thy sugar -sweetmeats, nor drink of thy honey drinks. I will not wear thy costly -garments, nor take gold from thy chest. I will not serve thee, thou -dog, King Kálin, but will serve my Faith and country, and defend the -churches of God and Vladímir the Prince and the Princess Apráxia.” - - - -Then went forth the old Cossack, Ilyá of Múrom, from that tent of white -linen, into the free and open plain. And the pagan Tartars began to -press upon him and tried to surround him, hoping to gain possession of -the old Cossack’s gear. Ilyá saw that he must bestir himself, and he -seized a Tartar by his feet and began to swing him round, began to -strike the Tartars with the Tartar, till they began to flee from him. -And the old Cossack went thus through the whole Tartar army, and came -forth into the free and open plain, and cast the Tartar on one side. - - - -Then Ilyá walked on through the open plain, and he had neither horse -nor weapons, but he whistled a mighty whistle, and his good steed heard -him on the open plain, and galloped to the old Cossack his master. The -old Cossack, Ilyá got upon his good steed and rode on through the plain -till he came to a high hill, and he leapt up the hill and looked down -towards the west. And in the west near the white tents stood the good -horses of the heroes. Ilyá turned that way with his good war-horse. He -took his strong bow and bent it with his white hands. He tightened the -bowstring of silk, placed the sharp arrow, and into the white tent shot -he that arrow, saying: - -“Fly, O sharp arrow, fly to the white tent. Take the roof off the white -tent, and go, thou arrow, to the white breast of my godfather. Creep -thou into his breast and make a scratch, only a small scratch, a small -scratch, not a large one. He sleeps there and takes his ease, and -little can I do here alone.” - -And he let go the silken bowstring and sent off that sharp arrow, and -that sharp arrow whistled into that hero’s white tent. It took the roof -off the white tent and fell upon the white breast of Samson. It crept -into his white breast and made but a small prick, and Samson, the -renowned hero of Holy Russia, woke up from his deep sleep and opened -his bright eyes. Quickly he stood upon his nimble feet and cried: - -“Ho! my renowned heroes of Holy Russia! Quickly saddle your good horses -and mount them. From my beloved godson has flown a sharp arrow through -my glorious white tent. From my tent it took the roof, and the arrow -crept into my white breast, made a small prick, not a large one. The -cross at my neck preserved me, Samson, the cross at my neck weighing -forty stone. Had that cross not been upon my breast, my tempestuous -head would have been torn off.” - - - -Then all those heroes of Holy Russia quickly saddled their good horses -and rode through the open plain, towards Kiev town, to the Tartar army. - -And from the high hill the old Cossack, Ilyá of Múrom, saw them, as -they rode their good horses. He came down from the high hill and rode -to meet the Russian heroes. Twelve in number were the heroes and Ilyá -was the thirteenth. - -They rode up to the Tartar host and pushed on their heroic steeds and -began to fight the Tartar army. And they were trampling on the great -army, and they came to the linen tent. - -And in the tent that dog, King Kálin was sitting, and the heroes said: - -“We will cut off the turbulent head of that dog, King Kálin.” - -“Why should we cut off his turbulent head?” said the old Cossack, Ilyá -of Múrom. “We will take him to royal Kiev town, to the glorious Prince -Vladímir.” - -So to the glorious Prince Vladímir at the royal town of Kiev they took -the dog, King Kálin. To the white stone palace they took him, and -Vladímir, Prince of royal Kiev, took that dog by his white hands and -made him sit at the oaken table, gave him sugar sweetmeats to eat and -honey drink to drink. - -And to Vladímir the Prince spoke King Kálin these words: - -“Come now, Vladímir, Prince of royal Kiev, do not cut off my warlike -head. We will write between us a great writing, and I, King Kálin, will -pay thee tribute for ever and ever—I to thee, Prince Vladímir!” - -And then in those good old times they all sang Glory! - - - -And so they had peace for a time, but fresh hordes of Tartars still -came, and the Russian heroes fought them, and sometimes the Russians -could not overcome the Tartars, and in one of these great fights Ilyá, -they say, was caught away from the fighting, and he was turned into -stone, and his good horse with him. - - - - - - - - -NOTE - - -[1] The Russian titles are translated in the List of Illustrations, p. -xv. - - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BYLINY BOOK *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. 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