diff options
| -rw-r--r-- | .gitattributes | 4 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | LICENSE.txt | 11 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | README.md | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/66621-0.txt | 2989 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/66621-0.zip | bin | 48774 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/66621-h.zip | bin | 572023 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/66621-h/66621-h.htm | 4493 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/66621-h/images/cover.jpg | bin | 241659 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/66621-h/images/i_009.jpg | bin | 150107 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/66621-h/images/i_052.jpg | bin | 86197 -> 0 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | old/66621-h/images/i_frontispiece.jpg | bin | 53296 -> 0 bytes |
11 files changed, 17 insertions, 7482 deletions
diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d7b82bc --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +*.txt text eol=lf +*.htm text eol=lf +*.html text eol=lf +*.md text eol=lf diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f11c9c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #66621 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/66621) diff --git a/old/66621-0.txt b/old/66621-0.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 8930766..0000000 --- a/old/66621-0.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,2989 +0,0 @@ -The Project Gutenberg eBook of Historical Record of the Fifty-sixth, or the -West Essex Regiment of Foot : containing an account of the formation of the -regiment in 1755, and of its subsequent services to 1844., by Richard -Cannon - -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at -www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you -will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before -using this eBook. - -Title: Historical Record of the Fifty-sixth, or the West Essex Regiment - of Foot : containing an account of the formation of the regiment in - 1755, and of its subsequent services to 1844. - -Author: Richard Cannon - -Release Date: October 27, 2021 [eBook #66621] - -Language: English - -Character set encoding: UTF-8 - -Produced by: Brian Coe, John Campbell and the Online Distributed - Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This book was - produced from images made available by the HathiTrust Digital - Library.) - -*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE -FIFTY-SIXTH, OR THE WEST ESSEX REGIMENT OF FOOT : CONTAINING AN ACCOUNT OF -THE FORMATION OF THE REGIMENT IN 1755, AND OF ITS SUBSEQUENT SERVICES TO -1844. *** - - - - - TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE - - Italic text is denoted by _underscores_. - - A superscript is denoted by ^x or ^{xx}, for example Esq^{re}. - - Footnote anchors are denoted by [number], and the footnotes have been - placed at the end of the book. - - The tables in this book are best viewed using a monospace font. - - Some minor changes to the text are noted at the end of the book. - - - - -[Illustration: - - BY COMMAND OF His late Majesty WILLIAM THE IV^{TH}. - _and under the Patronage of_ - Her Majesty the Queen. - - HISTORICAL RECORDS, - _OF THE_ - British Army - - _Comprising the_ - _History of every Regiment_ - _IN HER MAJESTY’S SERVICE_. - - _By Richard Cannon Esq^{re}._ - - _Adjutant-General’s Office, Horse Guards._ - London. - _Printed by Authority._ - -] - - - - - HISTORICAL RECORDS - - OF - - THE BRITISH ARMY. - - - - -GENERAL ORDERS. - - - _HORSE GUARDS_, - _1st January, 1836_. - -His Majesty has been pleased to command, that, with a view of doing -the fullest justice to Regiments, as well as to Individuals who -have distinguished themselves by their Bravery in Action with the -Enemy, an Account of the Services of every Regiment in the British -Army shall be published under the superintendence and direction -of the Adjutant-General; and that this Account shall contain the -following particulars, viz., - ----- The Period and Circumstances of the Original Formation of -the Regiment; The Stations at which it has been from time to time -employed; The Battles, Sieges, and other Military Operations, in -which it has been engaged, particularly specifying any Achievement -it may have performed, and the Colours, Trophies, &c., it may have -captured from the Enemy. - ----- The Names of the Officers and the number of Non-Commissioned -Officers and Privates, Killed or Wounded by the Enemy, specifying -the Place and Date of the Action. - ----- The Names of those Officers, who, in consideration of their -Gallant Services and Meritorious Conduct in Engagements with the -Enemy, have been distinguished with Titles, Medals, or other Marks -of His Majesty’s gracious favour. - ----- The Names of all such Officers, Non-Commissioned Officers and -Privates as may have specially signalized themselves in Action. - -And, - ----- The Badges and Devices which the Regiment may have been -permitted to bear, and the Causes on account of which such Badges -or Devices, or any other Marks of Distinction, have been granted. - - By Command of the Right Honourable - GENERAL LORD HILL, - _Commanding-in-Chief_. - - JOHN MACDONALD, - _Adjutant-General_. - - - - -PREFACE. - - -The character and credit of the British Army must chiefly depend -upon the zeal and ardour, by which all who enter into its service -are animated, and consequently it is of the highest importance that -any measure calculated to excite the spirit of emulation, by which -alone great and gallant actions are achieved, should be adopted. - -Nothing can more fully tend to the accomplishment of this desirable -object, than a full display of the noble deeds with which the -Military History of our country abounds. To hold forth these bright -examples to the imitation of the youthful soldier, and thus to -incite him to emulate the meritorious conduct of those who have -preceded him in their honourable career, are among the motives that -have given rise to the present publication. - -The operations of the British Troops are, indeed, announced in the -“London Gazette,” from whence they are transferred into the public -prints: the achievements of our armies are thus made known at the -time of their occurrence, and receive the tribute of praise and -admiration to which they are entitled. On extraordinary occasions, -the Houses of Parliament have been in the habit of conferring on -the Commanders, and the Officers and Troops acting under their -orders, expressions of approbation and of thanks for their skill -and bravery, and these testimonials, confirmed by the high honour -of their Sovereign’s Approbation, constitute the reward which the -soldier most highly prizes. - -It has not, however, until late years, been the practice (which -appears to have long prevailed in some of the Continental armies) -for British Regiments to keep regular records of their services -and achievements. Hence some difficulty has been experienced in -obtaining, particularly from the old Regiments, an authentic -account of their origin and subsequent services. - -This defect will now be remedied, in consequence of His Majesty -having been pleased to command, that every Regiment shall in future -keep a full and ample record of its services at home and abroad. - -From the materials thus collected, the country will henceforth -derive information as to the difficulties and privations which -chequer the career of those who embrace the military profession. In -Great Britain, where so large a number of persons are devoted to -the active concerns of agriculture, manufactures, and commerce, and -where these pursuits have, for so long a period, been undisturbed -by the _presence of war_, which few other countries have escaped, -comparatively little is known of the vicissitudes of active -service, and of the casualties of climate, to which, even during -peace, the British Troops are exposed in every part of the globe, -with little or no interval of repose. - -In their tranquil enjoyment of the blessings which the country -derives from the industry and the enterprise of the agriculturist -and the trader, its happy inhabitants may be supposed not often to -reflect on the perilous duties of the soldier and the sailor,--on -their sufferings,--and on the sacrifice of valuable life, by which -so many national benefits are obtained and preserved. - -The conduct of the British Troops, their valour, and endurance, -have shone conspicuously under great and trying difficulties; and -their character has been established in Continental warfare by the -irresistible spirit with which they have effected debarkations in -spite of the most formidable opposition, and by the gallantry and -steadiness with which they have maintained their advantages against -superior numbers. - -In the official Reports made by the respective Commanders, ample -justice has generally been done to the gallant exertions of the -Corps employed; but the details of their services, and of acts of -individual bravery, can only be fully given in the Annals of the -various Regiments. - -These Records are now preparing for publication, under His -Majesty’s special authority, by Mr. RICHARD CANNON, Principal Clerk -of the Adjutant-General’s Office; and while the perusal of them -cannot fail to be useful and interesting to military men of every -rank, it is considered that they will also afford entertainment and -information to the general reader, particularly to those who may -have served in the Army, or who have relatives in the Service. - -There exists in the breasts of most of those who have served, -or are serving, in the Army, an _Esprit de Corps_--an attachment -to every thing belonging to their Regiment; to such persons a -narrative of the services of their own Corps cannot fail to prove -interesting. Authentic accounts of the actions of the great,--the -valiant,--the loyal, have always been of paramount interest with -a brave and civilized people. Great Britain has produced a race -of heroes who, in moments of danger and terror, have stood, “firm -as the rocks of their native shore;” and when half the World has -been arrayed against them, they have fought the battles of their -Country with unshaken fortitude. It is presumed that a record of -achievements in war,--victories so complete and surprising, gained -by our countrymen,--our brothers,--our fellow-citizens in arms,--a -record which revives the memory of the brave, and brings their -gallant deeds before us, will certainly prove acceptable to the -public. - -Biographical memoirs of the Colonels and other distinguished -Officers, will be introduced in the Records of their respective -Regiments, and the Honorary Distinctions which have, from time to -time, been conferred upon each Regiment, as testifying the value -and importance of its services, will be faithfully set forth. - -As a convenient mode of Publication, the Record of each Regiment -will be printed in a distinct number, so that when the whole shall -be completed, the Parts may be bound up in numerical succession. - - - - - HISTORICAL RECORD - - OF - - THE FIFTY-SIXTH, - - OR - - THE WEST ESSEX REGIMENT - - OF - - FOOT: - - CONTAINING AN ACCOUNT OF - - THE FORMATION OF THE REGIMENT - IN 1755, - - AND OF - - ITS SUBSEQUENT SERVICES - TO 1844. - - _ILLUSTRATED WITH PLATES._ - - LONDON. - PARKER, FURNIVALL, AND PARKER, - _MILITARY LIBRARY, WHITEHALL_. - - M.DCCC.XLIV. - - - - -LONDON: HARRISON AND CO., PRINTERS, ST. MARTIN’S LANE. - - - - - THE FIFTY-SIXTH, - - OR - - THE WEST ESSEX - - REGIMENT OF FOOT, - - BEARS ON ITS REGIMENTAL COLOURS, THE WORD - - “MORO,” - - TO COMMEMORATE ITS GALLANTRY AT THE CAPTURE OF THE - MORO FORT, AT THE HAVANNAH, IN 1762; - - ALSO THE WORD - - “GIBRALTAR,” - - WITH THE - - CASTLE AND KEY; - - AND THE MOTTO - - _MONTIS INSIGNIA CALPE_, - - TO COMMEMORATE ITS DISTINGUISHED CONDUCT IN DEFENCE OF - THE FORTRESS OF GIBRALTAR DURING THE YEARS - 1779, 1780, 1781, AND 1782. - - - - - CONTENTS. - - Year Page - - 1755 Formation of the Regiment 9 - - 1756 Uniform--Names of Officers 10 - - 1757 Marches to Scotland 11 - - 1760 Returns to England -- - - 1762 Embarks for the West Indies -- - - ---- Siege of the Moro Fort, and capture of the Havannah 12 - - 1763 Proceeds to Ireland 14 - - 1770 Embarks for Gibraltar -- - - ---- A light company added to the establishment 15 - - 1779} - 1780} Engaged in the successful defence of the important { 15 - 1781} fortress of Gibraltar { to - 1782} { 21 - - ---- Styled the West Essex Regiment -- - - 1783 Embarks for England -- - - 1784 Proceeds to Scotland 22 - - 1788 Embarks for Ireland -- - - 1793 Riot at Wexford--Major Valloton killed -- - - ---- Embarks for the West Indies 23 - - 1794 Capture of Martinico -- - - ---- ---- ---- St. Lucia -- - - ---- ---- ---- Guadeloupe 24 - - 1795 Returns to England--Proceeds to Ireland -- - - 1796 Embarks for the West Indies 25 - - 1796 Detached for St. Domingo 25 - - ---- Capture of Bombarde -- - - 1797 Attack on Port Jack Thomas -- - - ---- Defence of Irois -- - - ---- Attack on St. Mary’s -- - - ---- Proceeds to Jamaica -- - - 1798 Embarks for England -- - - 1799 Expedition to Holland -- - - ---- Battles of Bergen and Egmont-op-Zee 26 - - ---- Returns to England 27 - - 1800 Embarks for Ireland -- - - 1801 Recruited with men raised for European service - only, who volunteer to extend their services - to any part of the world 28 - - 1804 A _Second Battalion_ added to the establishment 29 - - 1805 First Battalion proceeds to the East Indies -- - - 1807 Second Battalion proceeds to the East Indies 30 - - 1809 Detachment to Bourbon and the Mauritius -- - - ---- Capture of Mallia 31 - - ---- Capture of St. Paul’s on the Island of Bourbon 33 - - ---- Detachments serve as Marines 34 - - ---- Services in consequence of disaffection in Native Corps 35 - - 1810 Capture of the Island of Bourbon 36 - - ---- ---- ---- Mauritius 37 - - 1811 New Colours presented by the East India Company 38 - - 1813 Services with the Guicwar’s subsidiary Force 39 - - ---- A _Third Battalion_ added to the establishment 40 - - ---- Capture of Canool and Raree -- - - 1814 Third Battalion serves in Holland 41 - - ---- ---- ---- Action at Merxem, &c. -- - - ---- ---- ---- returns to England 43 - - ---- ---- ---- disbanded at Sheerness -- - - 1815 First Battalion proceeds to the Mauritius 44 - - 1816 Second Battalion serves with the Poonah Subsidiary Force 45 - - 1817 Second Battalion returns to England and is disbanded 46 - - 1826 The Regiment returns to England 48 - - 1827 Embarks for Ireland -- - - 1829 Court of Enquiry to investigate Regimental Books and - Registries 49 - - 1831 Embarks for Jamaica 50 - - 1840 ---- ---- North America 51 - - ---- Detachments employed in the Disputed Territory - during the unsettled state of the Boundary Question -- - - 1842 Embarks for Ireland 52 - - 1844 The Conclusion 53 - - - SUCCESSION OF COLONELS. - - 1755 Lord Charles Manners 55 - - 1761 The Honorable William Keppel -- - - 1765 James Durand 56 - - 1766 Hunt Walsh -- - - 1795 Samuel Hulse 57 - - 1797 The Honorable Chapple Norton 58 - - 1818 Sir John Murray, Baronet 59 - - 1827 Matthew Lord Aylmer, K.C.B. 60 - - 1832 Sir Hudson Lowe, K.C.B. -- - - 1842 The Earl of Westmorland, K.C.B. & G.C.H. -- - - - SUCCESSION OF LIEUT.-COLONELS 61 - - - SUCCESSION OF MAJORS 62 - - - PLATES. - Page - - Colours of the Regiment _to face_ 9 - - Uniform of 1843 52 - - -[Illustration: FIFTY-SIXTH REGIMENT OF FOOT.] - - - - -HISTORICAL RECORD - -OF THE - -FIFTY-SIXTH, - -OR - -THE WEST ESSEX REGIMENT - -OF - -FOOT. - - -[Sidenote: 1755] - -The aggressions of foreign Princes, possessing extensive military -establishments, have repeatedly rendered considerable augmentations -to the British army necessary, for the preservation of the kingdom -and its numerous colonial possessions; and a circumstance of this -character occasioned the formation of the FIFTY-SIXTH Regiment, -during the winter of 1755-6. - -The unjustifiable claims of France on certain portions of North -America,--the forcible expulsion of a company of British settlers -from a tract of land beyond the Allegany Mountains, and near the -river Ohio, by a body of French troops,--and the building of a -fort to command the entrance into the country on the Ohio and -Mississippi rivers, thus excluding the English from a valuable -portion of their possessions, gave indication of an approaching war. - -In December, 1755, an order was issued for adding ten regiments of -infantry to the regular army. The seventh of these new regiments -was raised in the north of England, under the superintendence of -LORD CHARLES MANNERS, who was nominated to the colonelcy, his -commission bearing date the 26th of December, 1755. It was numbered -the FIFTY-EIGHTH Foot; but two inefficient colonial corps being -soon afterwards disbanded, (viz., Major-General Shirley’s and -Major-General Sir William Pepperel’s,) it obtained the rank of the -FIFTY-SIXTH Regiment. - -[Sidenote: 1756] - -Active measures were adopted in the beginning of 1756, for -completing the numbers of the regiment to its establishment of -ten companies, of seventy-eight non-commissioned officers and -soldiers each; and its quarters were established at Newcastle and -Gateshead. Its costume was scarlet, faced, lined, and turned up -with deep crimson; a few years afterwards the facing was changed to -a _purple_, which had been denominated “_Pompadour_” colour: this -circumstance gave rise to the FIFTY-SIXTH Regiment being commonly -styled “_The Pompadours_.” - -The following officers received commissions in the regiment:-- - - _Colonel_, LORD CHARLES MANNERS. - _Lieut.-Colonel_, PETER PARR. - _Major_, JOHN DOYNE. - - - _Captains._ - - James Stewart - William Skipton - William Playstowe - Wm. Earl of Sutherland - Thomas Hargrave - John Heighington - John Deaken - - - _Lieutenants._ - - Wilson Marshall - John Forster - Thomas Harrison - Edwin Eyre - John White - James Perrin - John Ingram - John Archer - David Dundas[1] - St. John Pierce Lacy - - - _Ensigns._ - - John Brereton - Edward Jenkins - James Lyons - Archibald Wight - Joseph Baillie - William Sandys - Fiennes Jenkinson - Christopher Hales - John Woodford - - - _Captain-Lieutenant._ - - Francis Gregor - - _Chaplain_, John Halsted; - _Adjutant_, John Hardy; - _Quarter-Master_, William Lamplow; - _Surgeon_, William Pitman. - -[Sidenote: 1757] - -[Sidenote: 1758] - -[Sidenote: 1759] - -In April, 1757, the regiment marched to Berwick, from whence it -afterwards continued its route to Scotland, where it was stationed -several years, occupying quarters at Aberdeen, and its vicinity, -in 1758; and in the following year at Edinburgh, from whence a -detachment proceeded to Germany, to recruit the regiments serving -in that country. - -[Sidenote: 1760] - -[Sidenote: 1761] - -Embarking from Leith, in July, 1760, the regiment proceeded to -Hilsea barracks, where it was stationed during the year 1761. - -On the 17th of December, Lord Charles Manners was succeeded in the -colonelcy by Colonel the Honorable William Keppel, fourth son of -William-Anne, second Earl of Albemarle, from the First Foot Guards. - -[Sidenote: 1762] - -In the mean time, France had been deprived of all her possessions -in North America, and British troops, then employed in Germany, -were opposing formidable resistance to the schemes of the court of -Versailles; but the celebrated treaty, called the “Family Compact,” -between the sovereigns of France and Spain (both Bourbon princes), -gave a new character to the war. Confiding in the prowess of his -seamen and soldiers, the British monarch did not shrink from the -unequal contest, but proclaimed war against Spain on the 4th of -January, 1762; and an expedition was afterwards prepared for the -attack of the valuable Spanish settlement of the _Havannah_, in -the island of Cuba. The FIFTY-SIXTH Regiment, being selected to -take part in this enterprise, sailed from Portsmouth on the 5th of -March, and on arriving in the West Indies, it joined the armament -under General the Earl of Albemarle: the colonel of the FIFTY-SIXTH -Regiment, the Honorable William Keppel, had the local rank of -Major-General in the expedition. - -Passing through the dangerous navigation of the Straits of Bahama -without accident, the fleet arrived off the Havannah on the -6th of June, and a landing was effected on the following day. -The FIFTY-SIXTH Regiment mustered nine hundred and thirty-three -officers and soldiers, under Lieut.-Colonel James Stewart, and -were formed in brigade with four companies of the Royals, and a -battalion of the Sixtieth, under Brigadier-General Haviland. - -The Havannah, from its great importance, had been carefully -fortified; the entrance to the harbour, which is one of the finest -in the world, was secured on one side by the _Moro_ fort, built -of solid masonry on a projecting point of land, and having an -immense ditch cut out of the rock. The west side of the harbour -was defended by the Puntal fort, and the town was surrounded by -a rampart, flanked with bastions, and strengthened by a ditch. -The reduction of the Moro fort was the first object which engaged -the attention of the troops, and this service was intrusted -to Major-General the Honorable William Keppel (colonel of the -FIFTY-SIXTH), his own regiment forming part of the force placed -under his orders, and having repeated opportunities of evincing -its spirit and perseverance in this arduous undertaking, rendered -particularly difficult by the oppressive heat, a scarcity of water, -the necessity of dragging the artillery along a rocky coast, and -from the thinness of the soil; so great was the labour in carrying -on the approaches, that several men were daily lost by diseases -produced by their extraordinary exertions. The destruction of -the grand battery by fire augmented the labours of the besieging -troops; but they resumed their work, repulsed a sortie of the -Spaniards, and erected new batteries. On the 30th of July, a -storming party was formed under the orders of Lieutenant-Colonel -Stewart, of the late Ninetieth Regiment (disbanded on 18th March, -1763): two mines were sprung, a small practicable breach made, -and the British soldiers rushed in at the aperture with so much -impetuosity, that the Spaniards were instantly overpowered. Nearly -one hundred and fifty of the enemy were killed; four hundred threw -down their arms and were made prisoners; upwards of two hundred -endeavoured to escape in boats, but lost their lives in the attempt. - -The spirited capture of the Moro fort was followed by the erection -of a line of batteries on Cavannos Hill, commanding the eastern -side of the city, and the guns of the captured fort were also -turned against the Spaniards. On the 11th of August the batteries -opened a well-directed fire on the Puntal fort and the town; and so -severe was the cannonade, that in less than six hours the enemy’s -guns were silenced, and the white flag hoisted. A capitulation was -concluded on the 13th, and possession was taken of the town and -Puntal fort on the following day. - -This valuable conquest was achieved by a division of the royal -navy, and a land force of fourteen thousand men; and it cost -upwards of a thousand officers and soldiers in killed and deaths -from extraordinary exertions. - -The FIFTY-SIXTH Regiment had twelve rank and file killed; one -officer and twenty-three rank and file wounded: the regiment also -sustained the loss of many brave men from diseases. - -For its distinguished conduct on this occasion, the regiment was -honored with the royal authority to bear the word “MORO” on its -regimental colours, which forms a conspicuous feature in its -Record; few corps having acquired an honorary inscription for their -colours on their first service. - -[Sidenote: 1763] - -The regiment remained at the Havannah several months, the garrison -being under the order of its colonel, Major-General the Honorable -William Keppel. A treaty of peace was soon afterwards concluded; -and the Havannah was restored to Spain in exchange for Florida: it -was, accordingly, delivered up to the Spanish troops on the 7th of -July, 1763. - -In September, the FIFTY-SIXTH Regiment embarked for Ireland, and -landing in the following month, marched to Limerick, its numbers -being completed by volunteers from other corps. - -[Sidenote: 1764] - -At this period, several changes were made in the clothing and -equipment of certain regiments of cavalry and infantry; and a -communication, dated Dublin, 9th October, 1764, made known to the -FIFTY-SIXTH Regiment--“His Majesty’s pleasure, that the facings of -the clothing of the FIFTY-SIXTH Regiment of Foot, under the command -of Major-General Keppel, be changed to a _purple_ colour; that the -men have white breeches; that the accoutrements be white; and that -the grenadier caps be plated instead of embroidered,” &c. - -[Sidenote: 1765] - -Leaving Limerick on the 2nd of May, the regiment proceeded to -Dublin, where it was stationed two years. - -On the 15th of May, 1765, Major-General the Honorable William -Keppel was removed to the Fourteenth Foot; and in June His Majesty -conferred the colonelcy of the FIFTY-SIXTH on Lieut.-General James -Durand, from the lieut.-colonelcy of the First Foot Guards. - -[Sidenote: 1766] - -Lieut.-General Durand died in 1766, and was succeeded by Colonel -Hunt Walsh, from the lieut.-colonelcy of the Twenty-eighth Regiment. - -[Sidenote: 1767] - -[Sidenote: 1768] - -The regiment quitted Dublin in October, 1767, and proceeded to -Waterford, where it remained seven months, and in May, 1768, it -returned to Dublin. - -By the Royal Warrant, dated 19th December, 1768, the facings of the -FIFTY-SIXTH Regiment were continued to be _purple_. - -[Sidenote: 1769] - -[Sidenote: 1770] - -After performing Dublin duty two years, the regiment received -orders to transfer its services to Gibraltar. It accordingly -marched to Cork in May, 1770, and embarked from thence for that -important fortress. - -In December an order was received for augmenting the regiment, by -the addition of a light infantry company of three serjeants, three -corporals, two buglers, and sixty-two private soldiers; also an -addition of twenty-one rank and file to each of the other companies. - -[Sidenote: 1771] - -[Sidenote: 1775] - -[Sidenote: 1778] - -[Sidenote: 1779] - -The regiment was stationed at Gibraltar during the following twelve -years. The American war commenced in 1775, and three Hanoverian -regiments afterwards joined the garrison of Gibraltar. In 1778 -France united with the revolted British subjects, and the Spanish -monarch contrived to introduce himself into the dispute, in the -character of a mediator; but his proposals were of so injurious -a character to the interests of Great Britain, that they were -instantly rejected. The King of Spain then seized on what appeared -to be a favorable opportunity to declare war, and to wrest from -Great Britain the important fortress of _Gibraltar_, which had -resisted every attempt to retake it, since its capture by the -British in 1704. - -In June, 1779, the intercourse of the garrison of Gibraltar with -the Spanish territory was suddenly stopped, so that several -officers on leave of absence, experienced difficulty in rejoining -their corps. A numerous Spanish army speedily blockaded the -fortress on the land side, and the garrison became insulated from -the rest of the world. Resolving on a desperate defence of the -fortress intrusted to their care, the troops undertook the task -with cheerfulness, and severe toil and spare diet were sustained -without complaint. The works were increased; the pavement of the -streets was taken up; the towers of conspicuous buildings pulled -down; the stone sentry-boxes removed; guard-houses unroofed; -traverses were raised in different places, and a covered way begun. -Several staff appointments took place; among others, Major Hardy, -of the FIFTY-SIXTH, was nominated quarter-master-general: Captain -Valloton, aide-de-camp to the governor; and Lieutenant S. Wood, -assistant town-major: the regiment was commanded by Major Bulleine -Fancourt[2]. - -[Sidenote: 1780] - -A rigorous blockade being established by sea and land, a scarcity -of provision was soon experienced; the soldiers, being resolutely -determined to defend their position, submitted to privations which -were unavoidable, although the scurvy made great ravages among -them, and reduced their numbers. Early in 1780 Admiral Sir George -Rodney arrived with a convoy, to the great joy and relief of the -garrison, which was augmented by the second battalion of the -Seventy-third Regiment. - -The British fleet having departed, the Spaniards renewed the -blockade by sea, and attempted to destroy the vessels in the -harbour by fire-ships, but failed. Towards the close of the year, -provision again became short; a limited supply was occasionally -obtained from the Moors; the effects of the scurvy were mitigated -by cultivating vegetables on the rock; and the gallant defenders -of Gibraltar maintained their attitude of defiance to the power of -Spain. - -[Sidenote: 1781] - -In April, 1781, the garrison was again relieved by the arrival of a -numerous fleet under Vice-Admiral Darby. - -This success occasioned the Spaniards to lose all hope of being -able to reduce the fortress by blockade, and they resolved to try -the power of their numerous artillery. Scarcely had the fleet -cast anchor, when the enemy’s batteries opened, and the fire of -upwards of one hundred guns and mortars enveloped the fortress in -a storm of war; a number of gun-boats augmented the iron tempest -which beat against the rock, and the houses of the inhabitants were -soon in ruins. Surgeon Thomas Chisholm, of the FIFTY-SIXTH, was -severely wounded by the splinter of a shell, on the 15th of April; -Lieutenant Edward Vicars of the regiment was also wounded on the -26th of October, and Ensign Richard Edgar on the 3rd of November. - -Europe watched, with intense interest, the heroic conduct of the -garrison; and the English governor deliberately observed the -approaches of the enemy, and seized, with the keenest perspection, -the proper moment to make a sortie with success. This occurred on -the night of the 26th of November, when the flank companies of -the FIFTY-SIXTH had an opportunity of distinguishing themselves. -The moon shone bright on the sands as the soldiers assembled at -midnight; between two and three o’clock, darkness overspread -the country, and the troops issued silently from the fortress. -They were challenged and fired upon by the enemy’s sentries; but -the British soldiers rushed forward with their native ardour, -overpowered the Spanish guards, and captured the batteries in -gallant style; the defenders of the works flying in dismay, and -communicating the panic to the troops in their rear. The wooden -batteries were soon prepared for fire; the flames spread with -astonishing rapidity, and a column of fire and smoke arose from -the works, illuminating the surrounding objects, and shedding a -fiery lustre upon this unparalleled scene. In an hour the object -of the sortie was effected; trains were laid to the enemy’s -magazines, and the soldiers withdrew: as they entered the fortress -tremendous explosions shook the ground, and rising columns of -smoke, flame, and burning timber, proclaimed the destruction of -the enemy’s immense stores of gunpowder to be completed. General -Eliott declared in orders,--“The bearing and conduct of the whole -detachment,--officers, seamen, and soldiers,--on this glorious -occasion, surpass my utmost acknowledgments.” - -The Spaniards appeared astounded at this disgrace; they made no -attempt to extinguish the flames; but appeared at a loss how to -proceed. Early in December they began to arouse themselves, and -to restore the batteries; but were retarded by the fire of the -garrison. While the besiegers were using diligence in repairing -the old works, and constructing new ones, the gallant defenders of -the fortress were equally indefatigable,--every serjeant, drummer, -musician, officer’s servant, and private soldier was required to -use the musket, shovel, and pickaxe, as his services were necessary. - -[Sidenote: 1782] - -All ordinary means of attack appearing to be unavailing against -the resolute garrison of Gibraltar, stupendous preparations were -made on a new principle, and floating batteries were constructed -with great art and labour, and were accounted the most perfect -contrivance of the kind ever seen. The combined power of France -and Spain was directed against the fortress; the Duke of Crillon -took the command of the besieging army, and he was assisted by a -celebrated French engineer, Monsieur d’Arcon. As the summer of 1782 -progressed, the garrison was aware that a crisis was approaching, -and awaited with cool determination the hour of trial. Sickness and -the enemy’s fire thinned their numbers (Lieutenant White, of the -FIFTY-SIXTH, being among the wounded); yet their efforts were not -relaxed. New subterraneous works were constructed; and furnaces -prepared for heating red-hot shot. - -A trial of hot shot was made in the early part of September, -and some of the enemy’s works were set on fire. This unexpected -disaster provoked the Duke of Crillon to hurry the attack of a -number of new batteries, which opened with a volley of sixty -shells, and was followed by the fire of one hundred and seven -guns of large calibre. A tremendous storm of bullets and shells -thundered against the fortress; and soon after, the immense -battering ships approached and took their station: princes of the -royal blood of France,--Spanish nobility,--dignified characters of -Europe,--and an amazing concourse of persons filling the enemy’s -camp, and covering the adjacent hills, to witness the fall of the -fortress under the fire of these stupendous vessels. - -The batteries of the garrison opened their fire, and the roar of -four hundred heavy guns proclaimed the dreadful conflict. The -battering ships proved powerful; the heaviest shells rebounded -from their tops, and a thirty-two pound shot scarcely seemed -to make an impression on them. Sometimes smoke arose, but the -engines in the ships soon caused it to disappear. The effect of -the red-hot shot was doubted; the result uncertain; but the fire -was persevered in, and showers of balls, shells, and carcasses, -flew through the air. For some hours the attack and defence were -so equally well supported, as scarcely to admit of any appearance -of superiority in the cannonade on either side. The wonderful -construction of the battering ships appeared to bid defiance to -the powers of the heaviest ordnance and of red-hot balls. In the -afternoon (13th September) the face of things began to change, -and the smoke issuing from the upper part of the enemy’s flagship -became more voluminous. A second ship soon appeared in the same -condition. Confusion prevailed. The enemy’s cannonade began to -abate. Signals of distress were made to their fleet; and groans -and cries of suffering came from the burning ships. Soon after -midnight one battering ship was in flames; in a short time a second -appeared in the same state; and between three and four o’clock six -more exhibited the effects of the red-hot shot. A dreadful scene -of conflagration illuminated the bay of Gibraltar, and the British -seamen were seen rescuing their enemies from impending destruction. - -Although defeated in this grand effort, the Spaniards entertained -some hope of being able to reduce the garrison to submission -from the want of provision; and the siege was continued: but in -October the combined fleets of France and Spain were damaged by a -storm. After this event the garrison was again relieved; supplied -with provisions, and reinforced with troops; and the officers and -soldiers were encouraged to persevere in their gallant efforts, -by a letter from the principal Secretary of State, published -in orders, in which it was stated,--“I am honored with His -Majesty’s commands to assure you, in the strongest terms, that no -encouragement shall be wanting to the brave officers and soldiers -under your command. His Majesty’s Royal approbation of the past -will, no doubt, be a powerful incentive to future exertion: and I -have the King’s authority to assure you, that every distinguished -act of emulation and gallantry, which shall be performed in the -course of the siege, by any, even of the lowest rank, will meet -with ample reward from his gracious protection and favour.” - -Thus encouraged, the brave garrison of Gibraltar stood firm and -determined in the defence of the fortress, and the enemy lost all -hopes of being able to gain possession of the place. - -[Sidenote: 1783] - -Preliminary articles for a treaty of peace having been signed, -hostilities ceased in February, 1783, and Gibraltar remained one of -the gems of the British Crown, after a determined siege of three -years, seven months, and twelve days, from the commencement of the -blockade. - -Thus terminated the celebrated siege of Gibraltar; the nations of -Europe were struck with admiration of the gallant defenders of the -fortress; the British people applauded their governor and his brave -garrison; and the officers and soldiers received the thanks of -Parliament and the approbation of their Sovereign. - - “In commemoration of the glorious defence made by the regiments - of infantry which composed the garrison of GIBRALTAR during the - late memorable siege of that fortress,” the FIFTY-SIXTH Regiment - received the royal authority to bear on its regimental colours - the word “GIBRALTAR,” with the device of a “CASTLE AND KEY,” and - the motto “_Montis Insignia Calpe_.” - -In pursuance of an arrangement made by His Majesty’s command, the -several regiments were at this period directed to assume _County -Titles_, and to cultivate a connexion with such parts of the -kingdom, with the view of promoting the recruiting of the army. The -FIFTY-SIXTH received the title of the WEST ESSEX Regiment. - -In the month of October of this year, the FIFTY-SIXTH Regiment was -relieved at Gibraltar, and embarked for England: having landed at -Portsmouth in December, it marched from thence to Chatham. - -[Sidenote: 1784] - -In the beginning of 1784 the regiment marched to St. Albans, and -in the spring commenced its route to Scotland, proceeding first to -Glasgow, and afterwards to Aberdeen. - -[Sidenote: 1785] - -[Sidenote: 1786] - -On the 8th of April, 1785, the regiment commenced its march from -Aberdeen for Fort George, where it was stationed twelve months, -and, in April, 1786, marched to Perth: in June it proceeded to -Edinburgh Castle. - -[Sidenote: 1787] - -Leaving Edinburgh in May, 1787, the regiment proceeded to Ayr, and -in September to Glasgow. Its establishment was reduced from eleven -to ten companies. - -[Sidenote: 1788] - -[Sidenote: 1789] - -In January, 1788, the regiment embarked from Glasgow for Ireland, -and, landing at Belfast, proceeded from thence to Galway, where it -was stationed during the following year. - -[Sidenote: 1790] - -[Sidenote: 1791] - -From Galway the regiment marched, in the autumn of 1790, to -Dublin, where it was stationed during the year 1791, its -lieutenant-colonel, Colonel Peter Craig, commanding the garrison. - -[Sidenote: 1792] - -From Dublin the regiment marched, in June, 1792, to Drogheda. In -the mean time a revolution of a violent and dangerous character -had taken place in France, and the French monarch was placed under -restraint. These proceedings, with the attempts made by the French -to promulgate their democratical doctrines in other countries, -appearing to render a war inevitable, the army was augmented, and -two companies were added to the FIFTY-SIXTH Regiment. - -[Sidenote: 1793] - -Several changes of quarters took place in the early part of 1793. -Brevet-Major Valloton, being stationed with his company at Wexford, -was employed, on the 11th of June, 1793, in suppressing a tumult -at that place, and, advancing in front of his men, to expostulate -with the rioters, he was cut down by one of the mob with a scythe; -his men fired on the assassin, and several rioters were killed and -wounded. A monument was erected to the memory of Major Valloton -near the town of Wexford, where the occurrence took place. - -In August the regiment marched to Cork, and was held in readiness -to proceed on foreign service. The French republicans had added -to their other atrocities the decapitation of their sovereign; -war had commenced, and the FIFTY-SIXTH Regiment was selected to -join an expedition to the West Indies, under General Sir Charles -(afterwards Earl) Grey, to deliver the French West India islands -from the power of the republicans. The regiment embarked for this -service in November, and sailed for Barbadoes, where it arrived in -January, 1794. - -[Sidenote: 1794] - -The flank companies of the regiment were formed in grenadier and -light infantry battalions, and, with the battalion companies, -proceeded against the island of _Martinico_. A landing was effected -at three different points in the early part of February, 1794, -and some sharp fighting occurred, in which the FIFTY-SIXTH, -particularly the flank companies, had the honor to take part, and -in a short period this valuable island was captured by the British -arms. Sir Charles Grey stated in his despatch,--“The general and -field officers and the commanding officers of corps, have set such -an example of zeal, activity, and animation in this service, which -has been so laudably imitated by all the officers and soldiers of -this little army, that they merit the greatest praise.” - -Leaving the battalion companies at Martinico, the flank companies -proceeded with the expedition against _St. Lucia_, the grenadiers -being in the brigade under Prince Edward (afterwards Duke of Kent), -and the light company in that commanded by Major-General Dundas. -The troops employed on this service arrived at St. Lucia on the -1st of April, and the conquest of that fine island was achieved in -three days. - -The army afterwards proceeded against the island of _Guadeloupe_, -and the FIFTY-SIXTH had the honor to share in this enterprise. A -determined resistance was made by the French republicans; but the -island was captured before the end of April, and the commander of -the forces declared he could not find words to express “the high -sense he entertained of the extraordinary merit evinced by the -officers and soldiers in this service.” - -The regiment was afterwards stationed at Grenada and Martinico, -and a great loss of life having been sustained from the effects -of climate and other causes, an order was received in October, to -transfer the men of the FIFTY-SIXTH, fit for duty, to the Sixth, -Ninth, and Fifteenth Regiments. - -[Sidenote: 1795] - -On the 3rd of January, 1795, the officers, staff, and such -non-commssioned officers and soldiers as had not been transferred -to other corps embarked from Martinico, and sailed for England; -they arrived at Gravesend on the 18th of February, and were -stationed at Chatham: active measures were adopted to recruit the -ranks of the regiment. - -After commanding the regiment nearly thirty years, General Walsh -died, and was succeeded in the colonelcy by Major-General Samuel -Hulse, from the lieut.-colonelcy of the First Foot Guards, by -commission, dated the 7th of March, 1795. - -In September the regiment marched to Gravesend, where it embarked -for Cork, and landed at Spike Island on the 1st of October. - -[Sidenote: 1796] - -Great success had attended the recruiting and training of the -regiment, and although one year only had elapsed since its return -from the West Indies a skeleton, it had attained so perfect a -state of discipline and efficiency, that in the early part of 1796 -it proceeded to Barbadoes, from whence it was detached to St. -Domingo, where it served under Major-General White, by whom it was -employed at the taking of _Bombarde_ in the district of Mole, St. -Nicholas, which was captured, and the works destroyed. - -[Sidenote: 1797] - -On the 24th of January, 1797, Major-General Hulse was removed to -the Nineteenth Regiment, and the colonelcy of the FIFTY-SIXTH -was conferred on Major-General the Hon. Chapple Norton, from the -Eighty-first Regiment. - -[Sidenote: 1798] - -In this year the regiment was employed in the district of Grand -Ance in the island of St. Domingo; it took part in the attack -of _Port Jack Thomas_, and in the defence of Irois, under -Major-General Brent Spencer, also in the attack made on the town of -_St. Mary’s_, after which it returned to Port St. Nicholas. When -the island was given up, the regiment proceeded to Jamaica, where -it remained until November, 1798, when it embarked from Kingston, -for England. - -[Sidenote: 1799] - -Arriving at Gravesend on the 31st of January, 1799, the regiment -landed, and proceeded to Chatham. It was afterwards removed to -different counties in England, and active measures were adopted -with success to recruit its diminished numbers. - -At this period a favorable opportunity appeared to present itself -for rescuing Holland from the power of France, into which it had -fallen during the early part of 1795, and a plan of co-operation -was concerted between Great Britain and Russia, in the expectation -that the Dutch would rise against the French, and, aided by the -Anglo-Russian force, would exert themselves to effect their -emancipation. The FIFTY-SIXTH being selected to share in this -enterprise, joined the troops at Barham Downs on the 31st of July, -and in the middle of September embarked at Deal for Holland. - -The regiment joined the Anglo-Russian army, under His Royal -Highness the Duke of York, in time to take a distinguished part -in the attack of the enemy’s positions on the 19th of September. -On this occasion the first operations of the several columns -were successful; but the hopes, which a brilliant commencement -afforded, of a general and decisive victory, were destroyed by the -hasty valour, and the want of that precaution which the art of war -prescribes, on the part of the Russians under General Hermann, -who were repulsed by an enemy inferior to themselves in numbers -and valour, but superior in science and prudence. This disaster -rendered it necessary for the army to resume its position. The -FIFTY-SIXTH Regiment had thirty rank and file killed on this -occasion; Captains King and Gilman, Lieutenant Prater, thirty-three -rank and file, wounded; one serjeant, one drummer, and fifty-seven -rank and file, missing. The Duke of York stated in his public -despatch,--“The gallantry displayed by the troops engaged--the -spirit with which they overcame every obstacle which nature and art -opposed to them, and the cheerfulness with which they maintained -the fatigues of an action which lasted, without intermission, from -half-past three o’clock in the morning until five in the afternoon, -are beyond my powers to describe. Their exertions fully entitle -them to the admiration and gratitude of their king and country.” - -On the 2nd of October a successful attack was made on the enemy’s -positions between Bergen and Egmont-op-Zee; and the action “was[3] -sustained by the British columns under those highly-distinguished -officers, General Sir Ralph Abercromby and Lieut.-General Dundas, -whose exertions, as well as the gallantry of the brave troops they -led, cannot have been surpassed by any former instance of British -valour.” - -During the night the enemy fell back; and the British advance-posts -moved forward on the following day. On the 6th of October the -enemy’s posts were again attacked with success, and the British -maintained a forward position. - -Although the army under the Duke of York was victorious in its -engagements, yet the Dutch people were not stimulated, by these -spirited exertions, to rise in arms against their oppressors; and -several circumstances having occurred which indicated that the -expedition was not likely to be eventually successful, the Duke of -York resolved to evacuate the country. - -The regiment embarked from North Holland on the 18th of November, -landed at Yarmouth on the 20th, and marched to Chelmsford. In -December it proceeded to Horsham. - -[Sidenote: 1800] - -Leaving Horsham on the 26th of January, 1800, the regiment -proceeded to Portsmouth, where it embarked for Ireland, and landing -on the 25th of February, marched to Kilkenny, from whence it -afterwards proceeded to Clonmel, Fermoy, &c. Two companies, of one -hundred rank and file each, were added to the establishment. - -While at these stations, the regiment was conspicuous for its -correct discipline and efficiency, and after the usual inspection, -on the 29th of October, the following garrison order was -issued:--“Major-General Sir Charles Ross is happy to have this -opportunity of expressing his approbation of the steadiness and -appearance of the FIFTY-SIXTH Regiment this day, and returns his -thanks to the officers and men for the zeal and attention which -they have displayed on all occasions since he has had the honor of -commanding them.” - -[Sidenote: 1801] - -The regiment, after its return from the West Indies, in the -early part of 1799, had been recruited with men for limited -service in Europe; but when the glorious triumphs of the British -army in Egypt, under General Sir Ralph Abercromby, K.B., were -made known to the corps in general orders, this announcement -of splendid victories, gained by English troops, created so -lively an interest in the regiment, that the soldiers instantly -responded with a tender of service in any quarter of the globe, -which was communicated to the general officer of the district, -Brigadier-General Champagne, by Major H. S. Keating, commanding the -regiment at the time, in the following terms: - - “SIR,--I have the honor to inclose you the offer of the - FIFTY-SIXTH Regiment, of serving in any part of the world, where - His Majesty may deem it necessary; which I beg you will have the - goodness to lay before his Excellency the Commander-in-chief. - I should consider myself acting with injustice, were I not to - notice the very enthusiastic manner in which the orders of the - 16th May, 1801[4], of His Royal Highness the Duke of York, were - received, and the consequent tender of those services excited by - a contemplation of the animated conduct of our gallant army in - Egypt; and I feel a confidence in adding, that should they be - accepted, I have every reliance, that the spirit and energy of - the regiment, will support with honor the interest of its king - and country.” - -The commander of the forces in Ireland directed the -adjutant-general to convey to the non-commissioned officers and -privates of the regiment, “his thanks and approbation of their -spirited offer of general service, which is transmitted to His -Royal Highness the Commander-in-chief, to be laid before the -King.” The Duke of York also communicated “his thanks to the corps -for their spirited and loyal offer to extend their service to any -part of the world.” - -[Sidenote: 1802] - -This tender of service was, however, so speedily followed by the -peace of Amiens, concluded in the early part of 1802, that no call -was made, at this period, for the regiment to proceed on foreign -service. In October it marched to Limerick. - -[Sidenote: 1803] - -Hostilities were resumed in 1803, and Bonaparte’s threat of -invading England was answered by a sudden assumption of arms -throughout the kingdom, which produced an array of military power, -that proved how highly the British people prized their constitution -and liberties, and deterred the French from quitting their own -coast. The regiment proceeded to Galway in August, and was -afterwards removed to Tuam, Loughrea, and Kinsale. - -[Sidenote: 1804] - -Among the measures adopted to repel the French invasion, an -additional force act was passed in June, 1804; and four hundred of -the men, raised under its provisions, in the county of Surrey, were -constituted the _second battalion_ of the FIFTY-SIXTH Regiment; -they were embodied at Farnham, and the battalion was placed on -the establishment of the army on the 25th of December, 1804: -it was augmented soon afterwards to six hundred and fifty-six -non-commissioned officers and soldiers. - -[Sidenote: 1805] - -The first battalion remained in Ireland until January, 1805, -when it embarked at Kinsale for the Isle of Wight, where its -establishment was augmented to one thousand rank and file, which -was speedily completed, and in April it embarked in three divisions -for the East Indies: it landed at Bombay in August, and was -stationed at that city several years. - -In May the second battalion left Farnham, and was stationed -a short time at the barracks at Forton and Gosport; in August -it proceeded to the Isle of Wight, where a pair of colours was -presented to it on the 28th of November. Its establishment -was augmented in December to eight hundred and sixty-six -non-commissioned officers and soldiers. - -[Sidenote: 1806] - -From the Isle of Wight the second battalion proceeded to Guernsey, -in March, 1806, and its establishment was fixed at a thousand rank -and file. - -[Sidenote: 1807] - -[Sidenote: 1808] - -After remaining at Guernsey twelve months, the second battalion -returned to the Isle of Wight: it was in a high state of discipline -and efficiency, and in June it embarked in two divisions for India. -The fleet encountered a severe gale of wind, and the vessels of the -first division parted company, and put into Simon’s Bay to refit. -They remained at the Cape of Good Hope a month, and afterwards -continued the voyage to Madras, where they arrived in December, -under convoy of the Greyhound frigate. On arrival in India the -several companies proceeded to Bombay, where both battalions were -stationed in 1808: the success which attended the recruiting of -the regiment, occasioning the establishment of the first battalion -to be augmented to thirteen hundred non-commissioned officers and -soldiers. - -[Sidenote: 1809] - -In January, 1809, the second battalion marched to Barachie, near -Surat. - -Meanwhile British commerce had experienced considerable -interruption and some loss from the French naval force stationed in -the Indian Sea, which force rendezvoused at the Island of Bourbon, -and the Isle of France (or the Mauritius). In January two hundred -men of the first battalion were detached from Bombay, to join the -troops assembling at the Island of Roderigue, under Lieut.-Colonel -Keating, of the FIFTY-SIXTH Regiment, for the attack of the French -islands in the Indian Sea. - -While this detachment of the first battalion was on the voyage, -four companies of the second battalion marched to Baroda, under -the orders of Captain D. Daly, and joined the force assembling -at that place, under Lieut.-Colonel Walker, for the reduction of -the fort of _Mallia_, in Kattawar, which was the stronghold of -a numerous body of marauders, who plundered and devastated the -surrounding territory, and had successfully resisted the attacks -of powerful native chiefs, which had procured for their fort -the reputation of being impregnable. The position was naturally -strong, the fortifications good, the garrison, being fully aware -of the approach of the British troops, was prepared, and, to -gain additional security, had surrounded the wall with a strong -embankment of earth and thorns. - -After a long and fatiguing march the British troops arrived before -Mallia on the 6th of July; and the garrison returning a vaunting -answer to the summons to surrender, the fire of the artillery -commenced on the following day, and a practicable breach was -effected in a few hours. - -At four o’clock in the afternoon the storming party, of which -the FIFTY-SIXTH furnished a proportion of one hundred and fifty -rank and file, advanced; the forlorn hope being under the command -of Captain McKenzie, of the Bombay European Regiment, who was -gallantly supported by Lieutenant Newman of the FIFTY-SIXTH, a -volunteer on the occasion. Rushing forward with heroic valour, the -soldiers soon forced the breach, and in less than three-quarters of -an hour they were in possession of the greater part of the town. As -they advanced, the resistance became more determined; the banditti -fighting with great spirit, and eventually retiring into an inner -fort, which was inaccessible to an assault; when, the evening being -far advanced, operations ceased for the night. Before the following -morning the defenders of Mallia withdrew through a sally port, and -fled; a few men remaining to keep up an occasional fire, and these -retired before daylight; when the fort was occupied by the British -troops. - -This place having been accounted by the natives of the Kattawar as -impregnable, its early reduction, with the cool and steady valour -by which it was carried, filled with astonishment and admiration -the several vakeels of the different chieftains, who were in -attendance on Lieut.-Colonel Walker, and afforded them proof of the -irresistible effects of British discipline, skill, and prowess. -This afterwards operated beneficially in producing the organization -of so rude and uncivilized a tract of country, as the greater part -of the peninsula of Guzerat then was. - -In the general orders issued on this occasion, it was stated:--“To -Captain D. Daly, the officers and men of the FIFTY-SIXTH Regiment, -the commanding officer returns his particular acknowledgments; -they have nobly supported the reputation of the senior battalion, -in all the characteristics of good soldiers.” ... “The commanding -officer cannot omit the expression of his warmest acknowledgments -to Captain Arnot, of the FIFTY-SIXTH Regiment, for his exertions at -the erection of the batteries, and for his conduct at the storm; -and it would be injustice to withhold his thanks to Lieutenant -Newman, for his spirited support of Captain McKenzie in the -advanced party.” - -The casualties, amounting to eighty-two killed and wounded, prove -the arduous nature of the enterprise; and of this number the -FIFTY-SIXTH Regiment had six rank and file killed; Captain Arnot, -and twelve rank and file wounded. In December the troops were -ordered to return to their former stations, and the detachment of -the FIFTY-SIXTH rejoined the head-quarters of the second battalion -at Barachie. - -Meanwhile the party of the first battalion at the Isle -of Roderigue had sailed from thence with the forces under -Lieut.-Colonel Keating, to co-operate with the British navy in -blockading the Isles of France and Bourbon, and in attacking the -enemy’s ports. At five o’clock on the morning of the 21st of -September, six hundred men landed in three columns, seven miles -from the port of _St. Paul’s_, in the Isle of Bourbon, then called -by the French the Isle of Bonaparte, and by a forced march crossed -a causeway extending over the lake, before the enemy discovered -their disembarkation or approach to the town; they also passed the -enemy’s strongest position by seven o’clock, and gained possession -of two batteries before the enemy could form in force. Captain -Imlack, of the Bombay Native Infantry, was detached with one -hundred and fifty men to take possession of a third battery; and -on his way he encountered the French forces, concentrated behind a -stone wall, with eight field-pieces on their flanks. This post was -instantly attacked in a most gallant manner; Captain Hanna of the -FIFTY-SIXTH Regiment arrived with the third column, and charging, -captured two guns; and Captain Forbes, of the FIFTY-SIXTH Regiment, -advancing with the reserve, the enemy was compelled to retreat with -the loss of his artillery. A few men were detached in pursuit; two -additional batteries were captured, and by half-past eight o’clock -the town, batteries, magazines, eight brass field-pieces, and one -hundred and seventeen new iron guns, were in possession of the -British troops: at the same time the enemy’s shipping were forced -to surrender to the British naval force. Thus was accomplished a -most brilliant exploit, in a few hours, and it reflected great -credit on the commanding officer, Lieut.-Colonel KEATING, of -the FIFTY-SIXTH, and on all the troops engaged. The loss of the -regiment was one serjeant, and five rank and file killed; one -serjeant and twenty-six rank and file wounded. - -The town being commanded by the British naval force, the troops -returned on board the fleet; part of the enemy’s stores and the -guns were destroyed; the remainder were embarked on board the -company’s recaptured ship Streatham, which, with the Europe, were -placed under their former commanders. In October the troops sailed -for the Isle of Roderigue. The conduct of Ensign Pearce, of the -FIFTY-SIXTH Regiment, was highly commended in the public despatch -of Lieut.-Colonel Keating. - -In the beginning of this year, a detachment of the regiment, under -Lieutenant John Elliot Cairnes, performed duty as marines, in -the Indian Sea, on board of His Majesty’s ship Psyche, which was -engaged in the war with the Rajah of Travancore, who governed a -populous province at the south-west extremity of Hindoostan. This -province was indebted for its independence to the valour of British -troops, who rescued it from the power of Tippoo Sultan, when the -forces of the Mysore had overrun the country, in 1790; and in 1795 -a treaty of alliance was concluded with the rajah, who engaged to -subsidize three battalions of British Sepoys for the defence of -his dominions. Some disputes arising from the payments to be made -in consequence of this treaty, produced war; the British Sepoys -stationed at Quilon were menaced with annihilation; the house of -the resident, Colonel C. Macauly, at Cochin, was attacked; and the -Twelfth and Nineteenth British regiments were suddenly ordered to -the scene of contest. A detachment of the FIFTY-SIXTH, on board -the Piedmontaise frigate, were employed in services connected with -the safety of the troops at Quilon, and the preservation of the -life of the British resident. This frigate cannonaded the port of -Aleppi, where a party of the Twelfth Foot had been treacherously -seized, their wrists broken with a heavy piece of iron, their -hands tied behind them, and after lying several days in a dungeon, -were precipitated from a rock into the sea. This detachment of -the FIFTY-SIXTH landed at Quilon, under Lieutenant Warren, to -co-operate in the preservation of the life of the British resident, -who had escaped from Cochin. The services of the detachment under -Lieutenant Cairnes, on board of the Psyche, were connected with the -operations of the army under Brigadier-General the Honorable A. St. -Leger; and under the cover of the frigate’s broadside, the soldiers -of the regiment stormed and captured a strong battery, commanding -_Colatchi Bay_; thus co-operating in the capture of _Travandrum_, -the capital, which reduced the refractory Rajah of Travancore to -submission. - -Measures for enforcing a system of economy, having interfered with -the emoluments which British officers in the command of native -regiments had been accustomed to receive, from the contract for -supplying their corps with camp equipment, the civil and military -authorities of Madras became opposed to each other; from this -misunderstanding resulted serious disaffection and disobedience of -orders in the native army; and the head-quarters and companies of -the first battalion of the FIFTY-SIXTH at Bombay, were suddenly -ordered to Madras. They embarked on board the Cornwallis frigate -and two transports, on the 30th of July, under secret orders, and -landed at Madras on the 11th of August, before any disclosure -of the approach of this reinforcement had reached the army of -that presidency. The governor addressed a communication to the -regiment on this occasion, in which he stated he felt--“particular -satisfaction that the selection for this delicate service had -fallen to the first battalion of the FIFTY-SIXTH Regiment, whose -distinguished and characteristic zeal for the maintenance of -professional subordination to the authority of legal government, -must so powerfully tend to recall the misguided to a sense of their -duty.” - -The regiment proceeded to the Marmalong camp immediately, and -after the return of the native corps to their duty, it received -the thanks of the Governor in Council, in general orders,--“for -the manner in which His Majesty’s officers and soldiers, who -rallied round the cause of government, loyalty, and duty, conducted -themselves.” In October the battalion proceeded to Bellary. - -[Sidenote: 1810] - -These troubles being suppressed, the governor-general conceived -the idea of clearing the Indian Ocean of all that was hostile -to Great Britain, and a considerable force was placed under the -orders of Lieut.-Colonel Keating, of the FIFTY-SIXTH, including a -strong detachment of the first battalion of the regiment, for the -capture of the Island of _Bourbon_. On this occasion Lieut.-Colonel -Keating resolved to make his first attack on the capital, in the -expectation that, with its capture, the reduction of the island -would be accomplished. A landing was effected at Grand Chaloupe -on the 7th of July, 1810; and Captain Hanna was detached with two -companies of the FIFTY-SIXTH to _La Possessime_, “the batteries of -which place he took by assault in the most gallant manner[5];” and -with the trifling loss of two men killed, and two wounded: thus -proving the advantage of making attacks with spirit and resolution. -All the troops of the expedition conducting themselves with heroic -ardour, the opposition of the enemy was speedily overcome, and the -conquest of the island accomplished in so short a period of time, -that Lieutenant-Colonel Keating stated in his public despatch,--“In -all the operations the troops evinced the native energy and -gallantry of Britons, and in a few hours this rich, extensive, and -valuable colony was added to the British dominions.” Lieutenant -Mallet and a party of the regiment, proceeded with the French -troops which had surrendered, to the Cape of Good Hope. - -Additional troops arriving at this part of the Indian Ocean, -Major-General J. Abercromby assumed the command, and an expedition -proceeded against the _Isle of France_, which was afterwards -restored to its original designation of the _Mauritius_, and the -detachment of the FIFTY-SIXTH Regiment had the honor to serve -in this enterprise; the party which proceeded, under Lieutenant -Mallet, in charge of French prisoners to the Cape, arriving in time -to take part in this service. A landing was effected in the Bay -of Mapon on the 29th of November, and the troops advanced through -a thick wood, when some skirmishing occurred, and Lieut.-Colonel -Keating, of the FIFTY-SIXTH Regiment, and twelve men of the piquet, -were wounded. Penetrating the open country on the following day, -the troops experienced great inconvenience from the want of water, -and halted at the streams of the powder-mills, five miles from Port -Louis. After passing the night at this place, they resumed the -march, and were opposed in their progress by a strong body of the -enemy, when some severe fighting occurred, in which the British -soldiers were triumphant: the FIFTY-SIXTH Regiment had five men -killed and several wounded. - -Pursuing their victorious career, the British troops advanced -to the enemy’s lines; and on the following morning the French -Commander, General de Caen, proposed to capitulate; thus was this -valuable colony wrested from the enemy, and it has continued to -form part of the possessions of the British crown to the present -time. - -During this year the star of Britain shone bright on the naval and -colonial affairs of this great maritime power, whose enemies were -deprived of the last establishment which they had possessed beyond -the Cape of Good Hope, and the Pompadours had the honor of sharing -in these brilliant adventures. - -The second battalion remained at Barachia; and so successful was -the recruiting of the regiment, under the influence and zealous -efforts of its colonel, Lieut.-General the Hon. Chapple Norton, -that the establishment of the second battalion was augmented to -one thousand three hundred and six non-commissioned officers -and soldiers; making the number of the two battalions in India, -two thousand six hundred and twelve, and, notwithstanding the -casualties of war and climate, the effectives approximated the -establishment. A strong detachment of volunteers from the militia, -to the FIFTY-SIXTH, arriving in India in May, was stationed at the -Portuguese establishment at Goa. - -The detachment under Lieutenant Cairnes continued to serve as -marines. - -[Sidenote: 1811] - -In March, 1811, the party from Goa joined the head-quarters of -the first battalion at Bellary; and towards the close of the -year, Lieut.-Colonel Keating returned with the detachment from -the capture of Bourbon and the Mauritius. The Honorable the East -India Company expressed its sense of the valuable services of the -regiment, by presenting the first battalion with a pair of new -colours, during its stay at Bellary. - -This year the second battalion returned to Bombay. - -[Sidenote: 1812] - -In May, 1812, Lieut.-Colonel Kingscote arrived from England, and -took the command of the second battalion; which, in October, -marched from the town barracks, Bombay, to the pendals on Colabah. - -The first battalion quitted Bellary, and in September joined the -field-force assembled in the southern Mahratta country, under the -command of Colonel Dowse, of the East India Company’s Service, -for the purpose of enforcing the payment of the arrears of the -customary tribute, withheld by the Ranee of Raree; and took part in -all the operations consequent upon the performance of this duty. - -[Sidenote: 1813] - -Two companies of the second battalion were ordered to garrison -Surat, in February, 1813; and the head-quarters embarked for the -Guzerat, where they arrived at the Dutch Bundes in Surat on the -9th of March; and owing to the bad and unhealthy state of these -quarters, the battalion was removed in April, to Domus, where it -was encamped: but re-occupied the Dutch Bundes in June, with two -companies at Surat. - -Four companies were detached, in the same month, under the command -of Captain Barrington, to join the Guicwar’s subsidiary force, -under the orders of Colonel Holmes, of the East India Company’s -service. On the third day the four companies marched from Khim to -Oclasceer, a distance of eighteen miles, the last six of which -were across an arid plain, destitute of shelter, and exposed -to an unusual degree of heat, when many men fell from complete -exhaustion; three died where they fell; and seven others expired -during the day, after they had been removed to quarters by the -natives. These four companies were followed, in September, by two -others, under Lieut.-Colonel Kingscote who assumed the command -of the six companies with the force under Colonel Holmes, which -was employed in operations for the re-establishment of the -rightful heir to the throne, which had been usurped by the uncle. -On the 15th of November this force took possession of the fort -of _Palampore_, which the Scindians had evacuated early in the -morning. The troops remained in the neighbourhood of this place -until the end of the year, when the companies of the FIFTY-SIXTH -marched back to the camp at Domus, where the Guzerat fever deprived -the corps of many valuable soldiers. - -Notwithstanding its numerous losses, the recruiting of the regiment -was conducted with great success, under the influence and zealous -efforts of its colonel, and its ranks received a constant supply -of young men, many of them from the county of Surrey. At this -period the war in Europe had attained a crisis: the British forces -had triumphed in Portugal and Spain, and had forced the barrier -of the Pyrenees and penetrated France; the Emperor Napoleon had -lost a numerous army in the north; the forces of Russia, Austria, -Prussia, and the German States, were in arms against him; and a -powerful effort promised complete success to the cause of the -allies. Measures were adopted to augment the British army at this -interesting period; and the facility with which the FIFTY-SIXTH had -been recruited, holding out the prospect that its establishment -might be increased, a warrant was issued by the Prince Regent in -the early part of November, for adding a _third battalion_ to the -corps. This battalion was embodied at Horsham, its establishment -was six hundred and fifty non-commissioned officers and soldiers, -and its ranks were so speedily completed with disciplined men, by -volunteers from the militia, &c., that in one month from the date -of the order for its formation, it was ready for foreign service. -At this period a body of British troops proceeded to Holland, under -Lieutenant-General Sir Thomas Graham (late Lord Lynedoch), to -co-operate with the forces of the allied sovereigns, and the third -battalion of the FIFTY-SIXTH embarked for this service at Ramsgate, -on the 9th of December, under the orders of Lieut.-Colonel John -Frederick Brown; it was posted to the third brigade, commanded -by Major-General Sir Herbert Taylor; the British troops were -concentrated in and near Williamstadt. - -[Sidenote: 1814] - -About the same period the first battalion took the field in India, -and formed part of the force assembled at Goute, from whence -it proceeded against _Canool_, where it arrived on the 25th of -December, and batteries were erected during the night, but a flag -of truce being sent out on the following morning, hostilities -ceased. The battalion was also at the reduction of the fort -of _Raree_, Goosecull; and passed the monsoon in quarters at -Cataubaugy; afterwards returning to Goute, it was relieved in the -field by the second battalion of the Royals; it had lost three -hundred and fifty men from disease, and was so reduced, that it was -ordered to return to Bellary; it subsequently marched to Fort St. -George, Madras. - -The third battalion did not remain many days in quarters in Holland -before it was employed in active operations, in consequence of a -request of the Prussian general, Bulow, that the British would make -a forward movement upon _Antwerp_, to favour his operations; the -English general accordingly advanced to make a reconnoissance, and -approaching that fortress on the 13th of January, attacked a body -of French troops at the village of _Merxem_. On this occasion the -FIFTY-SIXTH supported the Seventy-eighth Highlanders, in a charge -with the bayonet, on a French column, which was driven from its -ground. The FIFTY-SIXTH were engaged in a sharp skirmish, and had -four men killed and fourteen wounded. The object of this movement -having been accomplished, the British troops marched to Rosendael. - -A serious attack on Antwerp was afterwards concerted, and General -Bulow engaged to support the British with his Prussian corps. -An advance was accordingly made, and on the 2nd of February the -English again approached the village of Merxem, where a numerous -body of French troops were stationed, and had fortified their post. -The light troops commenced skirmishing about nine o’clock in the -morning; and the FIFTY-SIXTH, having cleared the wood on the right -and left, formed line and advanced; when they were ordered by Sir -Thomas Graham, in person, to move to the right,--charge through -the village,--ford the dike on the other side,--take the enemy’s -battery,--and attack them on the left of their line. These orders -were gallantly executed, and two guns, which had annoyed the -advance, were captured. The FIFTY-SIXTH sustained some loss from -the enemy’s fire, and had several men drowned in crossing the dike; -but they succeeded in gaining the left flank of the enemy, and were -warmly engaged until the French retired under the guns of Antwerp, -when they pursued until recalled, and ordered to take post under -the embankment of St. Ferdinand’s dike, which was not accomplished -before several round shot had passed through the ranks. The -regiment had thirteen rank and file killed; Ensign Sparks, and -twenty-four rank and file wounded. Lieut.-General Sir Thomas Graham -stated in his despatch,--“All the troops engaged behaved with the -usual spirit and intrepidity of British soldiers;” and the conduct -of Lieut.-Colonel Brown of the FIFTY-SIXTH was particularly noticed. - -After this success the British troops were employed in constructing -a breastwork and battery, and the FIFTY-SIXTH took their share in -this labour, the men working all night. On the 3rd of February, -several pieces of heavy ordnance opened upon the city of Antwerp, -and on the French shipping in the Scheldt, and the cannonade was -continued until the 6th, the FIFTY-SIXTH taking their turn in the -trenches, and being under fire each day; but General Bulow having -received orders to march southward, to act with the grand army -of the allies, it became necessary to relinquish the attack on -Antwerp, when the British retired towards Breda,--the FIFTY-SIXTH -halting a few days at Rysburg, ten miles from Breda. - -In the beginning of March the battalion again moved towards -Antwerp, and was employed in services connected with preventing the -enemy throwing a relief into _Bergen-op-Zoom_, which fortress Sir -Thomas Graham had resolved to attack; and the battalion afterwards -made a forced march towards that place, where it arrived in time to -witness the failure of the attack. The services of the battalion -were afterwards connected with the operations against Antwerp, and -preventing supplies of provision and troops joining the garrison. - -In the mean time Napoleon was pressed on every side by overwhelming -numbers, which he was not able to withstand, and he was forced -to abdicate the throne of France. Peace was restored, and the -battalion of the FIFTY-SIXTH marched into Antwerp; from whence it -proceeded to Ostend, where it embarked for England in September, -and landing at Deal, marched to Sheerness. - -The army being reduced on the restoration of peace, the third -battalion was disbanded at Sheerness on the 24th of October; its -men fit for service being transferred to the first and second -battalions in India, for which country they embarked about three -months afterwards. - -The second battalion continued to suffer severely from disease at -the camp at Domus; its loss from March 1813, to December 1814, -amounting to three hundred and twenty-nine non-commissioned -officers and soldiers. The conduct of the men, during this -distressing period, called forth the approbation of the commander -of the district, expressed in division orders, in the strongest -terms. During the year, it proceeded to Barachia, subsequently -embarked for Bombay, and after occupying the pendals at Colabah a -short period, marched into Fort George barracks. - -[Sidenote: 1815] - -Considerable improvement having taken place in the health of the -men, the second battalion embarked for Panwell in January, 1815, -and mustered upwards of nine hundred non-commissioned officers -and soldiers; it joined the Poonah subsidiary force under Colonel -Lionel Smith, encamped on the celebrated plain of Assaye, where -the troops remained until the 27th of February, when they marched -northward. In May they entered cantonments at Jaulna, where -they remained during the monsoon, and in August marched in three -divisions to Seroor, from whence the grenadier and rifle companies -proceeded to Poonah under Colonel Smith, who left Lieut.-Colonel -Kingscote in command at Seroor: these companies returned in October. - -In the mean time occurrences in Europe had occasioned the -removal of the first battalion from Madras. The sudden return of -Bonaparte to France, and the astonishing facility with which he -regained temporary possession of the throne of that kingdom, was -followed by a manifested disposition to revolt on the part of the -French settlers at the Mauritius, and the first battalion of the -FIFTY-SIXTH, which had been joined by three hundred men from the -third, embarked on board the Salsette frigate, and the company’s -ships Rose and Streatham, to reinforce the garrison at that -station, on which occasion the following general order was issued:-- - - “His Majesty’s FIFTY-SIXTH Regiment being under orders to embark - on service at a considerable distance from the presidency, the - Right Honorable the Governor cannot refrain expressing his - warmest approbation of the uniform good conduct of the regiment, - while it remained in garrison at Fort St. George, under the able - command of Colonel Barclay, assisted by the zealous exertions of - a distinguished corps of officers; and the Right Honorable the - Governor begs leave to assure Colonel Barclay, and the officers - of the regiment, that he participates in the sentiments of - regret, felt by the settlement at large, for the loss sustained, - in the circles of social life, by their departure.” - -During the voyage the ships were separated by a violent hurricane, -and each supposed the other lost; but they arrived safe at Port -Louis, where they were stationed until November, when they marched -to Mahebourg. The overthrow of Bonaparte on the field of Waterloo, -and the restoration of peace, removed all cause of apprehension for -the tranquillity of the Mauritius at that period. - -[Sidenote: 1816] - -The second battalion again took the field with the Poonah -subsidiary force, in the early part of 1816; and in May it went -into cantonments at Jaulna; from whence Lieut.-Colonel Kingscote, -of the FIFTY-SIXTH, was detached in September, with a light -battalion, comprising part of the regiment, in pursuit of a native -chief, called Trimbuckjee Dainglia, who had murdered the minister -of state of Guzerat, escaped from prison, and was suspected of a -design to assemble a force on the frontiers of the dominions of -his late sovereign, the Peishwa. The pursuit of this chieftain -occasioned the soldiers many fatiguing marches, and on one occasion -the fortified village of Nimgaum, on the banks of the Peera, was -surrounded in the expectation that the chief was there; but when, -on the advance of the artillery, the inhabitants opened the gates, -he could not be found: the pursuit was afterwards discontinued, and -the detachment re-joined the Poonah subsidiary force at Seroor, -whither it had been removed from Jaulna in October. At the close of -active operations, Colonel Lionel Smith expressed the high opinion -he entertained of the battalion, in division orders, dated Seroor, -31st of October, in the following terms:--“There is no language of -praise, or thanks, Colonel Smith could feel to be too strong in -describing the merits of such a corps.” - -In August the first battalion returned to Port St. Louis; and -about a month afterwards so serious a conflagration occurred at -that place, that the destruction of the town appeared inevitable; -but this calamity was averted by the efforts of the soldiers of -the FIFTY-SIXTH, who prevented the fire communicating to the -government buildings, and thus saved the town: two men of the -regiment lost their lives, in attempting to arrest the progress -of the flames. The daring conduct of Serjeant JAMES HASTY was -particularly conspicuous and successful in checking the progress -of the flames; and the governor expressed the following opinion -of his merits in a letter to Colonel Barclay:--“I conscientiously -believe, that it was in a great measure owing to Serjeant HASTY, of -your regiment, that the whole town of Port Louis was not swallowed -by the flames. His persevering fortitude and intrepid confidence -enabled him to save the government house, by remaining among the -flames when most others had despaired; and it is universally -allowed, that had the government house been burned, the remainder -of the town must immediately have followed, and the whole -population of Port Louis left houseless among the smoking ruins[6].” - -The peace of Europe appearing to be established upon a sound -foundation, a considerable reduction was made in the strength of -the British army, and the second battalions of regiments were -directed to be disbanded: the second battalion of the FIFTY-SIXTH -was consequently ordered to march to Bombay in November. - -[Sidenote: 1817] - -On the 7th of January, 1817, the following general order was -issued:--“His Majesty’s second battalion of the FIFTY-SIXTH -Regiment, being under orders for embarkation for Europe, affords -an opportunity to the Right Honorable the Governor in Council, of -expressing his approbation of the conduct of that valuable corps, -whilst serving on the establishment of this presidency, and as a -testimonial of the sense entertained of its important services -in this country, is pleased to allow three months full batta to -be issued to the officers of the battalion, previous to their -departure from India.” - -Four hundred men volunteered to remain in India, and transferred -their services to the Sixty-fifth Regiment: and on the 9th of -January, the battalion companies embarked for England. They landed -at Liverpool in May, marched to Rochester, and were disbanded at -that place on the 25th of June. The flank companies left Bombay -in July, landed at Portsmouth on the 10th of December, and were -disbanded at Chatham on the 29th of that month. - -The regiment left Port Louis on the 1st of March, for Flacq, and in -July to Mahebourg, where it received the colours of the late second -battalion. It was employed in patrolling and other duties for the -suppression of the slave trade. - -[Sidenote: 1818] - -After commanding the regiment twenty-one years, General the -Honorable Chapple Norton died; and was succeeded in the colonelcy -by Lieut.-General Sir John Murray, Baronet, from the third West -India Regiment, by commission dated the 31st of March, 1818. - -[Sidenote: 1819] - -In July, 1819, the regiment returned to Port Louis, where it was -inspected by Major-General Darling, who stated in orders dated the -16th of August,--“The inspection has afforded the Major-General -much real satisfaction. A finer body of men than compose this -regiment is perhaps nowhere to be seen; they are clean and -soldier-like in appearance, well appointed, and in no respect -deficient: in short, the care and attention of Lieut.-Colonel -Barclay, and of the officers, and the good disposition of the men, -are evident, and could alone have led to the state in which the -FIFTY-SIXTH Regiment now is.” - -[Sidenote: 1820] - -[Sidenote: 1826] - -The regiment was stationed successively at Port Louis and Mahebourg -until 1826, when, after upwards of twenty years’ service abroad, it -embarked at Port Louis for England, on which occasion the governor -stated in general orders, dated the 27th March,--“If circumstances -should again call for his Excellency’s services in the field, he -will feel happy in having the FIFTY-SIXTH Regiment placed under -his orders, as experience has fully proved to him, that a corps -distinguished for good conduct in quarters, is always to be the -most depended upon in the presence of the enemy.” - -After landing at Portsmouth in June, the regiment marched to -Cumberland Fort; in September it embarked at Portsmouth for Hull, -where it joined the depôt companies. - -[Sidenote: 1827] - -In January, 1827, the regiment quitted Hull for Manchester, and in -October it marched to Liverpool, where it embarked for Dublin. - -On the 29th of October Sir John Murray died, and King George the -Fourth was pleased to confer the colonelcy of the regiment on -Lieut.-General Matthew Lord Aylmer. - -[Sidenote: 1828] - -New colours bearing the words “MORO” and “GIBRALTAR;” with the -device of a CASTLE and KEY, and the motto _Montis Insignia Calpe_, -(which had been confirmed to the corps on the 27th of December, -1827, in consequence of an application from Colonel Barclay,) were -presented to the regiment, with the usual solemnities, on the 4th -of April, 1828. - -[Sidenote: 1829] - -In May the regiment marched to Londonderry; in the autumn the -head-quarters were removed to Newry; and in August, 1829, to Birr. - -In the year 1829, His Majesty’s government deemed it necessary to -direct courts of inquiry to be instituted in the several regiments, -in consequence of numerous frauds having been committed by certain -soldiers, who, on being discharged, had given false statements of -their ages, dates of enlistment, and of the periods of their former -services, by which many had obtained undue rates of pension, and -had thus imposed on their commanding officers, and on the bounty of -their sovereign and country. - -The court held to investigate the books of the FIFTY-SIXTH Regiment -reported, that the description-book had been well kept, and -afforded a practical example of a system which it was proposed to -adopt generally, namely, to give each man on joining a regiment _a -number_, to be marked on his attestation, and placed against his -name in the description, and other record-books of the regiment; -that the book of the FIFTY-SIXTH Regiment contained nearly two -thousand names, the plan and arrangement of which were highly -creditable to the zeal and industry of Colonel Barclay, and that -few instances of error, or of fraud, had been detected. - -The court concluded their report with a well-merited compliment -to Colonel Barclay, whose long service in the regiment had been -characterized by zeal and attention to his duties. This report -was submitted to the Secretary at War, and Sir Henry Hardinge -signified to the General Commanding in Chief, Lord Hill, his -cordial concurrence in the observations made by the court, so -highly honourable to Colonel Barclay, and his lordship directed it -to be announced, that, in the midst of the irregularities which had -been made manifest by the investigations of these courts of inquiry -in the several corps, it was peculiarly gratifying to him to bear -testimony to the successful and unremitting exertions of Colonel -Barclay, which, while they reflected credit upon him, proved that, -with diligence and a due adherence to regulations, the disreputable -errors and frauds, which had been discovered in other regiments, -could not have been effected[7]. - -[Sidenote: 1830] - -[Sidenote: 1831] - -[Sidenote: 1832] - -In March, 1830, the regiment proceeded to Limerick; in June, 1831, -to Fermoy; and in November to Cork, where arrangements were made -for transferring its services to Jamaica, for which island six -service companies embarked in the first week of December under -Lieut.-Colonel H. H. Prichard. They were detained some time by -contrary winds; but sailed on the 26th, and arriving at Port Royal -in February, 1832, landed and were stationed at Up Park Camp. - -Lord Aylmer was removed to the Eighteenth (Royal Irish) Foot on the -23rd of July, and King William the Fourth was pleased to nominate -Lieut.-General Sir Hudson Lowe, K.C.B., from the Ninety-third -Highlanders to the colonelcy of the FIFTY-SIXTH Regiment. - -[Sidenote: 1833] - -[Sidenote: 1834] - -[Sidenote: 1835] - -[Sidenote: 1836] - -[Sidenote: 1837] - -In April, 1833, the regiment proceeded to Spanish Town, with two -companies to Fort Augusta; in May, 1834, it embarked for Falmouth, -at the north side of the island; and was stationed at that place, -with detachments at Phenix Park, Sans Souci, and Montego Bay, -during the years 1835 and 1836; and in January, 1837, it quitted -the north side of the island, and was stationed at Up Park Camp, -where it sustained the loss of three officers and sixty men from -yellow fever. - -[Sidenote: 1838] - -[Sidenote: 1839] - -The head-quarters were removed to Fort Augusta in March, 1838, -and the health of the men was much improved; in January, 1839, -they were removed to Spanish Town; but returned to Fort Augusta in -August, and furnished detachments at Port Antonio, Up Park Camp, -Port Royal, &c. - -[Sidenote: 1840] - -Leaving Jamaica in March, 1840, the regiment sailed on board Her -Majesty’s ship Apollo, for North America, passing within sight -of the Havannah,--the scene of its former gallant exploits,--and -arriving at Halifax, where it was detained ten days in consequence -of the navigation of the river St. Lawrence being closed by -the ice. On the 24th of April it again put to sea, and arrived -at Quebec, on the 7th of May. At this period the Maine and New -Brunswick boundary question affected the amicable relations between -Great Britain and the United States; and the extensive system of -aggression pursued by the people of the State of Maine, rendered -certain defensive arrangements necessary for the protection of -the interests of the British subjects. The ship conveying the -FIFTY-SIXTH to Quebec had not been at anchor two hours when -Lieutenant Turner and thirty men landed at Point Levi, and were -sent forward in caleshes, with orders to proceed by forced marches -to the disputed territory, and relieve a detachment of the Eleventh -Regiment at Lake Temiscouata. This party was followed by three -companies under Major Palmer, on the 9th of May, to occupy Rivière -du Loup, Fort Ingall on Lake Temiscouata, and Degelé. The march -of the detachment from Rivière du Loup to the two latter places -by the Grand Portage, a dreary pass of thirty-six miles through a -dense forest, across an uninhabited country, by a road in the worst -possible order, consequent on the breaking up of a Canadian winter, -with mud and water frequently up to the knees, proved very trying -to soldiers just arrived from a tropical climate, and having been -fifty-six days on board of ship. The remainder of the regiment -proceeded up the river Saint Lawrence to Sorel, leaving the light -company at Three Rivers. On the third of June Lieut.-Colonel -William H. Eden arrived with a strong detachment from the depôt -companies, and assumed the command of the regiment. - -[Illustration: FIFTY-SIXTH REGIMENT OF FOOT.] - -On the 27th of November, the light company, mustering one hundred -men, marched for the Madawaska settlement, under Lieut.-Colonel Wm. -H. Eden, in consequence of the Americans having offered insults to -the warden and magistrates there, and intimated a design to take -forcible possession of that part of the country. After traversing -two hundred miles of bleak country, covered with snow, in cars, -sleighs, &c., the thermometer varying from zero to twenty below, -the company arrived at its destination without a casualty. - -[Sidenote: 1841] - -The head-quarters were removed to Chambly, in June, 1841, and -in August, the detachments from the disputed territory, having -been relieved by the Sixty-eighth light infantry, arrived at -head-quarters[8]. - -[Sidenote: 1842] - -The period having arrived for the return of the regiment to the -United Kingdom, its strength was reduced to three hundred and -thirty-three men, by volunteers to remain in the country and to -join other corps. In the beginning of July 1842 it proceeded to -Quebec, where it embarked in Her Majesty’s troop-ship Resistance, -and after an extraordinarily quick passage of seventeen days, -arrived at Cork on the 22nd of July. It was joined by the depôt -companies on the 3rd of August. In the autumn the regiment -proceeded to Birr, with detachments to Kilkenny, Banagher, Carlow, -and Shannon-bridge. - -On the 17th of November, Lieut.-General Sir Hudson Lowe was removed -to the Fiftieth Regiment, and the colonelcy of the FIFTY-SIXTH was -conferred on Lieut.-General the Earl of Westmorland. - -[Sidenote: 1843] - -In March, 1843, the several detachments were ordered to head -quarters at Birr; but the regiment had been collected little more -than a week, when it was again found necessary to detach four -companies to Cashel, Tipperary, Bansha, and Dungarvon. In April, -the head-quarters marched to Fermoy, and from thence to Cork, where -the regiment was concentrated, in expectation of being removed -to England. The public service, however, required that it should -remain in Ireland, and it has since furnished detachments to -Ballincollig, Bandon, Buttevant, Mallow, Dummanway, Skibbereen, -Millstreet, &c., in order to be in readiness to aid the civil -power, if its services should be required, in consequence of -meetings of large masses of the people, to agitate the repeal of -the union between Great Britain and Ireland. - -At the close of 1843, to which this Record is brought, the -head-quarters were at Cork, with four companies, under the command -of Major Norman, detached to Clonmel, and one company at Millstreet. - -[Sidenote: 1844] - -The FIFTY-SIXTH Regiment is distinguished for its career of -valuable service to the crown and kingdom; and it was conspicuous -for its pre-eminent efficiency in point of numbers and discipline -during the war from 1803 to 1815, during which period it was -augmented to three battalions, which were all employed on foreign -service. It was a favourite corps in England, particularly in the -county of Surrey; and although many men were lost by casualties -abroad, yet its effectives generally amounted to two thousand rank -and file. Its gallantry in the field, and its conduct on colonial -service, and in the United Kingdom, have enhanced the value of this -corps in the estimation of the government and country. - - -1844. - - NOTE. _In producing the foregoing details of the services of the - FIFTY-SIXTH Regiment, the compiler of the Records of Regiments - deems it incumbent to acknowledge the very able assistance he has - received from Lieut.-Colonel Eden, and from Captain T. Johnes - Smith, who have been most anxious to collect and arrange whatever - circumstances they have considered would do justice, and reflect - honor on the Regiment to which they belong_. - - - - -SUCCESSION OF COLONELS - -OF - -THE FIFTY-SIXTH REGIMENT - -OF - -FOOT. - - -LORD CHARLES MANNERS. - -_Appointed 26th December, 1755._ - -LORD CHARLES MANNERS, ninth son of John, second Duke of Rutland, -was many years an officer in the Third Regiment of Foot Guards, -in which corps he was promoted to the rank of captain and -lieutenant-colonel, on the 27th of May, 1745. On the breaking out -of the seven years’ war, he was commissioned to raise, form, and -discipline a regiment of foot, now the FIFTY-SIXTH, of which he was -appointed colonel in December, 1755. In 1759 he was promoted to the -rank of major-general. He died on the 5th of December, 1761. - - -THE HONORABLE WILLIAM KEPPEL. - -_Appointed 17th December, 1761._ - -THE HONORABLE WILLIAM KEPPEL, fourth son of William-Anne, second -Earl of Albemarle, was gentleman of the horse to His Majesty King -George II.; and was nominated captain and lieutenant-colonel in -the First Regiment of Foot Guards, on the 28th of April, 1751; -in July, 1760, he was promoted to second major, with the rank of -colonel. On the 17th of December, 1761, His Majesty appointed him -to the colonelcy of the FIFTY-SIXTH Regiment, with which corps he -embarked with the expedition against the Havannah, in the island of -Cuba, with the local rank of major-general. He commanded the troops -which besieged the fort of Moro, which was captured by storm on -the 30th of July, 1762; and his own regiment having evinced signal -gallantry on this service, he afterwards obtained the King’s -permission for it to bear the word “Moro” on its colours. On the -day after the capitulation of the Havannah, he took possession -of the fort La Punta; and he was subsequently left in command of -the garrison of that city, which he restored to the Spaniards in -July, 1763, according to the articles of peace concluded a few -months before. In 1765 he was removed to the Fourteenth Foot; in -1772 he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-general; and in -December, 1773, he was nominated commander-in-chief in Ireland; in -October, 1775, he was appointed colonel of the Twelfth Dragoons. He -was representative in parliament for the borough of Windsor. His -decease occurred in March, 1782. - - -JAMES DURAND. - -_Appointed 13th June, 1765._ - -This officer served many years in the First Regiment of -Foot Guards, in which corps he was appointed captain and -lieutenant-colonel, in 1748, and was advanced to the majority, -with the rank of colonel, in 1753. He obtained the rank of -major-general, in 1759, and the lieutenant-colonelcy of the First -Foot Guards in 1760. In the following year he was promoted to -the rank of lieutenant-general; and, in 1765, King George III. -conferred on him the colonelcy of the FIFTY-SIXTH Regiment. He died -in 1766. - - -HUNT WALSH. - -_Appointed 22nd May, 1766._ - -After a progressive service in the subordinate commissions, this -officer was appointed major in the Twenty-eighth Foot, in August, -1753, and promoted to the lieutenant-colonelcy of the regiment on -the 2nd of February, 1757. He commanded the 28th in America during -the Seven years’ war, when that corps had the honor to serve at -the capture of Louisburg, in 1758; at the reduction of Quebec, in -1759, under Major-General Wolfe; and at the conquest of Canada, in -1760. He was promoted to the rank of colonel in 1762, and in 1766 -his services were rewarded with the colonelcy of the FIFTY-SIXTH -Regiment. He attained the rank of major-general in 1772; that of -lieutenant-general in 1777; and of general in 1793. He died in 1795. - - -SAMUEL HULSE. - -_Appointed 7th March, 1795._ - -This officer was appointed ensign in the First Foot Guards in -1761, and rose to the commission of captain and lieutenant-colonel -in 1776. In 1780 he was promoted to the lieutenant-colonelcy of -his regiment, and was employed in suppressing the riots in London -in that year. At the commencement of the French revolutionary -war he was called into active service, and commanded the first -battalion of his regiment in Flanders, in 1793. He served at the -siege of Valenciennes; and distinguished himself on the 18th of -August, in the action at Lincelles, for which he was thanked in -orders by the Duke of York. He shared in the operations before -Dunkirk, and in the subsequent movements until October, when he was -promoted to the rank of major-general, and returned to England. -In May of the following year he again proceeded to Flanders, and -commanded a brigade in several partial actions near Tournay, and -in the retreat to Holland. Returning to England early in 1795, he -was appointed colonel of the FIFTY-SIXTH Regiment, and placed on -the home staff, where he continued three years; in 1797 he was -removed to the Nineteenth Foot. On the 1st of January, 1798, he -was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-general; and during the -troubles in Ireland, in the summer of that year, his services were -extended to that part of the kingdom; but he returned to England -in November, and resumed his command on the staff. He served in -Holland under His Royal Highness the Duke of York, in 1799, and was -at the several engagements from the 19th of September to the 6th of -October. On returning to England he was appointed to the command -of the southern district, in which he continued until the peace in -1802. He was advanced to the rank of general in 1803; appointed -lieutenant-governor of the Royal Hospital, Chelsea, in 1806, and -removed to the Sixty-second Foot in 1810. - -He was one of the earliest servants placed by King George III. on -the establishment of the Prince of Wales; was many years His Royal -Highness’s treasurer and receiver-general; and on the accession of -the Prince to the throne, General Hulse was nominated treasurer of -the household, and governor of Chelsea Hospital. In 1821 he was -knighted. He was also appointed ranger of Windsor Home Park; a -privy councillor; and knight grand cross of the royal Hanoverian -Guelphic Order. On the accession of King William IV., General Hulse -was promoted to the rank of field-marshal by commission, dated the -22nd of July, 1830. He died at his apartments in Chelsea Hospital, -in 1837, at the advanced age of ninety years. - - -THE HONORABLE CHAPPLE NORTON. - -_Appointed 24th January, 1797._ - -CHAPPLE NORTON, third son of Sir Fletcher Norton, who was many -years Speaker of the House of Commons, and afterwards created -Lord Grantley, entered the army in the reign of King George II., -and was appointed captain in the Nineteenth Foot in June, 1763. -He served with his regiment at Gibraltar; and, in 1769, purchased -a majority in the First, the Royal Regiment of Foot, from which -he was promoted to captain and lieutenant-colonel in the Second -Foot Guards in 1774. He served with the brigade of Foot Guards in -North America, and took part in most of the principal occurrences. -He particularly distinguished himself in February, 1780, and -was thanked in orders in the following terms:--“His Excellency -Lieutenant-General Knyphausen desires his thanks may be given in -public orders to Lieutenant-Colonel Norton of the Guards, for -his good conduct and gallant behaviour in attacking and forcing -a considerable body of rebels, advantageously posted at Young’s -house, in the neighbourhood of White Plains.” In November following -he was promoted to the rank of colonel; and, in 1786, he obtained -a majority in his regiment; in 1787 he was advanced to the rank of -major-general; in 1797 to that of lieutenant-general, and at the -same time he received the colonelcy of the FIFTY-SIXTH Regiment; -in 1802 he was promoted to the rank of general, and he was -afterwards appointed governor of Charlemont. He took great interest -in everything connected with his regiment: having considerable -influence in the county of Surrey, where the estates of his family -were situated, his corps received many recruits from that part of -the country; he represented Guildford in Parliament many years. He -was a generous and good man, and was honored with the favor of the -Duke of York. He died on the 19th of March, 1818, at Wonersh in -Surrey, the seat of Lord Grantley. - - -SIR JOHN MURRAY, BARONET. - -_Appointed 31st March, 1818._ - -SIR JOHN MURRAY, a baronet of Nova Scotia, entered the army as -ensign in the Third Foot Guards in 1788, and rose to the rank -of lieutenant and captain in 1793. He served in Flanders as -aide-de-camp to Field-Marshal Freytag, and afterwards to His Royal -Highness the Duke of York; and was at the actions of St. Amand -and Famars, and the siege of Valenciennes; also at the siege of -Dunkirk, and the engagements at Maubege and near Cambresis. In the -spring of 1794 he was promoted to the rank of major, and a few -weeks afterwards to the lieutenant-colonelcy of the Eighty-fourth -Regiment. He was present at the various actions near Tournay, in -the same year, and in the retreat to Holland. He afterwards served -under General Sir Alured Clarke, and was at the capture of the Cape -of Good Hope in September, 1795. In 1799 he commanded a body of -troops on the Red Sea; and, in 1800, he was promoted to the rank -of colonel. He performed the duties of quarter-master-general to -the troops which proceeded from India to Egypt under Major-General -Sir David Baird; and afterwards, returning to India, commanded -the Bombay division of the army which joined Major-General the -Honorable Arthur Wellesley, at Poonah, during the Mahratta war, -in 1803. He also commanded a body of troops during the subsequent -hostilities with Scindeah and Holkar. Having been promoted to the -rank of major-general in 1805, and returned to Europe, he served -on the staff of the eastern district, from December of that year -to April, 1808; and he subsequently commanded the King’s German -Legion in the expedition to the Baltic, &c., under Sir John Moore, -whom he accompanied to Portugal. Remaining in that country, he -served under Lieutenant-General Sir Arthur Wellesley, in the -operations against the French under Marshal Soult, and took a -conspicuous part in the expulsion of the French from Oporto. On -the 27th of May, 1809, he was appointed colonel of the Third West -India Regiment; and on the 1st of January, 1812, he was promoted to -the rank of lieutenant-general. Early in 1813 he took the command -of the Anglo-Sicilian army in the south of Spain, and was engaged -in operations to create a diversion in favour of the grand allied -army under Lord Wellington, and to prevent Marshal Suchet detaching -troops to Castille. His proceedings on this occasion did not -realize the expectations which had been entertained, and a general -court-martial, assembled after his return to England, found him -guilty of error of judgment. In 1818 he was appointed colonel of -the FIFTY-SIXTH Regiment; and, in 1825, promoted to the rank of -general. His honorary distinctions were those of knight grand cross -of the Royal Hanoverian Guelphic order, and the first class of the -order of St. Januarius of Naples. He died in 1827. - - -MATTHEW, LORD AYLMER, K.C.B. - -_Appointed 29th October, 1827._ - -Removed to the Eighteenth or the Royal Irish Regiment, in 1832. - - -SIR HUDSON LOWE, K.C.B. - -_Appointed 23rd July, 1832._ - -Removed to the Fiftieth Regiment in 1842. - - -THE EARL OF WESTMORLAND, K.C.B. & G.C.H - -_Appointed 17th November, 1842._ - - - - -SUCCESSION OF LIEUTENANT-COLONELS - -OF THE - -FIFTY-SIXTH, OR WEST ESSEX, REGIMENT OF FOOT. - - - +-----------------------+--------------+-------------------------------+ - | Names. | Dates of | Date of Removal, &c. | - | | Appointment. | | - +-----------------------+--------------+-------------------------------+ - |Peter Parr |Dec. 26, 1755|{Removed to Fourth Foot, | - | | |{ June 30, 1760. | - |John Doyne |June 30, 1760|Retired February 20, 1762. | - |James Stewart. |Feb. 20, 1762|Died September 1, 1762. | - |Alexander Monypenny |Sep. 1, 1762|Retired October 3, 1776. | - |John Caulfield |Oct. 3, 1776|Retired November 6, 1778. | - |Henry Johnson |Nov. 6, 1778|{Removed to Seventeenth Foot | - | | |{ in 1778. | - |Peter Craig |Jan. 9, 1779|{Removed to Sixty-second Foot, | - | | |{ November 25, 1799. | - |William Earle Bulwer |Sep. 1, 1795|{Placed on half-pay, November | - | | |{ 18, 1795. | - |John Whitwell |Nov. 18, 1795|Died in 1796. | - |Thomas Picton |May 1, 1796|{Promoted to the colonelcy of | - | | |{ Seventy-seventh Foot, | - | | |{ October 15, 1811. | - |P. K. Skinner |Dec. 11, 1799|Removed July 25, 1814. | - |Samuel Keating |Aug. 1, 1804|{Promoted to Bourbon regiment, | - | | |{ March 5, 1812. | - |Fletcher Barclay |June 27, 1811|Retired April 26, 1831. | - |Boyle Travers |Jan. 2, 1812|Removed July 25, 1814. | - |Nigel Kingscote |Oct 17, 1811|{Placed on half-pay, December | - | | |{ 25, 1818. | - |J. Frederick Brown |March 5, 1812|{Exchanged to Twenty-eighth | - | | |{ Foot, May 9, 1816, with | - | | |{ Sir Charles Belson. | - |Henry Sullivan |July 1, 1813|{Placed on half-pay, on the | - | | |{ reduction of second | - | | |{ battalion, on September | - | | |{ 6, 1817. | - |John William Mallet |Nov. 6, 1813|{Placed on half-pay, December | - | | |{ 25, 1814, on the reduction. | - |Sir Charles P. Belson,}|May 9, 1816|{Placed on half-pay, on | - | K.C.B. }| |{ September 6, 1817, on the | - | | |{ reduction of second | - | | |{ battalion. | - |H. H. Prichard |April 26, 1831|Retired May 20, 1836. | - |G. M. Eden |May 20, 1836|{Removed to Scots Fusilier | - | | |{ Guards, on July 5, 1839. | - |Robert O’Hara |July 5, 1839|{Exchanged to the Eighty-eighth| - | | |{ on August 16, 1839, with | - | | |{ Lieut.-Colonel W. H. Eden. | - |William Hassel Eden |Aug. 16, 1839|At present in command. | - +-----------------------+--------------+-------------------------------+ - - - - -SUCCESSION OF MAJORS - -OF THE - -FIFTY-SIXTH, OR WEST ESSEX, REGIMENT OF FOOT. - - - +---------------------+--------------+--------------------------------+ - | NAMES. | Dates of | REMARKS. | - | | Appointment. | | - +---------------------+--------------+--------------------------------+ - |John Doyne |Dec. 26, 1755|{Promoted to Lieut.-Colonel, | - | | |{ June 30, 1760. | - |James Stewart |June 30, 1760|{Promoted to Lieut.-Col., | - | | |{ February 20, 1762. | - |John Heighington |Feb. 20, 1762|Resigned September 9, 1762. | - |Alexander Milbanke |Sep. 9, 1762|Died November 4, 1762. | - |William Forbes |Nov. 4, 1762|{Removed to Thirty-fifth Foot, | - | | |{ October 31, 1762. | - |Thomas Johnston |Oct. 31, 1762|Resigned September 11, 1765. | - |Henry Pringle |Sep. 11, 1765|{Promoted to Lieut.-Colonel | - | | |{ Fifty-first Foot, August | - | | |{ 16, 1770. | - |John Caulfield |Aug. 16, 1770|{Promoted to Lieut.-Col., | - | | |{ October 3, 1776. | - |Bulleine Fancourt |Oct 3, 1776|Retired August 6, 1783. | - |Hon. Vere Poulett |Aug. 6, 1783|{Promoted to Lieut.-Colonel | - | | |{ Sixtieth Regiment, August | - | | |{ 31, 1793. | - |Patrick Tytler |Aug. 31, 1793|Retired October 8, 1794. | - |John Alexander |Oct. 8, 1794|Retired March 10, 1797. | - |James Barrington |Sep. 1, 1795|Resigned September 3, 1800. | - |Robert Douglas |March 10, 1797|{Promoted Lieut.-Colonel | - | | |{ Eighteenth Foot, July | - | | |{ 9, 1803. | - |Henry S. Keating |Sep. 3, 1800|{Promoted August 1, 1804, | - | | |{ by Augmentation. | - |Robert Owen |Aug. 27, 1803|{Placed upon half-pay, | - | | |{ February 21, 1805. | - |George Andrew |Aug. 1, 1804|{Exchanged to half-pay, | - | Armstrong | |{ January 5, 1805. | - |Robert O’Neill } |Aug. 2, 1804|{Exchanged to half-pay, | - | {Augmen- } | |{ June 23, 1808, with | - | {tation. } | |{ Lieut.-Colonel Thomas Walsh. | - |Fletcher Barclay } |Aug. 27, 1804|Promoted June 27, 1811. | - |William Brooke |Jan. 5, 1805|{Exchanged to Fifth Dragoon | - | | |{ Guards, July 25, 1805. | - |John McLeod |Feb. 21, 1805|{Promoted Lieut.-Colonel Ninth | - | | |{ Garrison Battalion, May | - | | |{ 5, 1808. | - |Henry R. Knight |July 25, 1805|Exchanged to half-pay, July | - | | |{ 17, 1806. | - |Boyle Travers |July 17, 1806|Promoted January 2, 1812. | - |Samuel Bayley |June 9, 1808|Died in 1810. | - |Thomas Walsh |June 23, 1808|Died in 1810. | - |John William Mallett |Aug. 29, 1810|Promoted November 6, 1813. | - |Sir Charles Wyndham }|Nov. 29, 1810|Retired July 26, 1821. | - | Burdett, Bart. }| | | - |Robert Grant |June 27, 1811|{Exchanged to Eighty-second | - | | |{ Foot, April 12, 1821. | - |Joseph Hanna |Jan. 2, 1812|Died in 1816. | - |William S. Forbes |Nov. 6, 1813|}Placed on half-pay on September| - |Henry Capadose |Oct. 17, 1816|} 6, 1817, on the disbandment | - | | |} of second battalion. | - |George Wroughton |April 12, 1821|{Promoted to Lieut.-Colonel | - | Montagu | |{ unattached, May 19, 1825. | - |John Gualey |July 26, 1821|Cancelled. | - |Howell Harris |July 26, 1821|{Promoted to Lieut.-Colonel, | - | Prichard | |{ April 26, 1831. | - |John Elliot Cairnes |May 26, 1825|{Promoted to Lieut.-Colonel | - | | |{ unattached, March 29, 1827. | - |John Peddie |March 29, 1827|{Promoted to Lieut.-Colonel | - | | |{ unattached, August 28, 1827. | - |William Gun |Aug. 28, 1827|Retired October 11, 1831. | - |William Mitchell |April 26, 1831|{Exchanged to half-pay, | - | | |{ June 13, 1834. | - |George Morton Eden |Oct. 11, 1831|{Promoted to Lt.-Colonelcy, | - | | |{ May 20, 1836. | - |John Wilson |June 13, 1834|Died at Jamaica, July 14, 1837. | - |Forrester Owen |May 20, 1836|Retired September 12, 1843. | - | Leighton | | | - |Peter Shadwell |July 15, 1837|} | - | Norman | |} Now serving. | - |Edmund Wm. Wilton |Sep. 12, 1843|} | - | Passy | |} | - +---------------------+--------------+--------------------------------+ - - - - - LONDON: - HARRISON AND CO., PRINTERS, - ST. MARTIN’S LANE. - - -FOOTNOTES: - -[1] Afterwards General SIR DAVID DUNDAS, K.B., author of a valuable -work on the principles of military movements, which became the -basis of regulations for the field exercises of the British army. - -[2] Strength of the garrison of Gibraltar, at the commencement of -the blockade, 21st June, 1779. - - +----------------------------+--------+------+-------+-------+-------+ - | BRITISH. |Officers|Staff.| Ser- | Drum- | Rank &| - | | | |jeants.| mers. | File.| - | +--------+------+-------+-------+-------+ - |Royal Artillery | 25 | 0 | 17 | 15 | 428 | - |Royal Engineers | 8 | 0 | 6 | 2 | 106 | - |12th Regiment | 26 | 3 | 29 | 22 | 519 | - |39th ” | 25 | 4 | 29 | 22 | 506 | - |56th ” | 23 | 4 | 30 | 22 | 506 | - |58th ” | 25 | 3 | 29 | 22 | 526 | - |72nd, or, Royal Manchester |} | | | | | - | Volunteers (disbanded 1783)|} 29 | 4 | 47 | 22 | 944 | - | | | | | | | - | HANOVERIANS. | | | | | | - | | | | | | | - |Hardenberg’s Regiment | 16 | 13 | 42 | 14 | 367 | - |Reden’s ” | 15 | 12 | 42 | 14 | 361 | - |De la Motte’s ” | 17 | 16 | 42 | 14 | 367 | - | +--------+------+-------+-------+-------+ - | Total | 209 | 59 | 313 | 169 | 4,632 | - +----------------------------+--------+------+-------+-------+-------+ - - _Governor_, General GEORGE A. ELIOTT, afterwards LORD HEATHFIELD. - - _Lieut.-Governor_, Lieut.-General R. Boyd. - - _Commanding the Hanoverian Brigade_, Major-General De la Motte. - -[3] The Duke of York’s despatch. - -[4] These orders are printed in the Record of the Second or Queen’s -Royal Regiment of Foot, page 81. - -[5] Lieut.-Colonel Keating’s despatch. - -[6] Serjeant HASTY was afterwards discharged and appointed to -a situation in the service of the governor. He proved a man of -talent, and was selected to take charge of, and educate in the -English language, two of the princes of Ova, in Madagascar, where -Radam was king. He was afterwards nominated British Resident at -Madagascar; and on a visit to the Mauritius, he was received by a -guard of honour of his old corps, commanded by his former captain. -He died at Madagascar. - -[7] Colonel Fletcher Barclay was appointed Ensign in the -FIFTY-SIXTH on the 30th of June, 1791, and served in the West -Indies, in Holland, and in the East Indies. In 1804, he was -promoted to the rank of Major, and in 1811, to Lieutenant-Colonel. -In 1831, he retired, after a diligent and faithful service of forty -years, having passed through the several grades, and attained the -rank of Colonel in the Army. - -[8] While detachments of the regiment were in the disputed -territory, several desertions occurred, and in the beginning of -March, 1841, Lieutenant T. Johnes Smith evinced signal energy and -discretion in the apprehension of a deserter from the party under -his orders, who had taken refuge in the American Block Houses at -Fish River, for which he received the thanks of Major-General Sir -James Macdonell, commanding at Quebec. - - - - - TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE - - The roman page numbering at the front of the book goes from iii to viii, - then from v to viii again; this has not been changed. - - Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been - corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within - the text and consultation of external sources. - - Except for those changes noted below, all misspellings in the text, - and inconsistent or archaic usage, have been retained. - - Pg v: ‘1700 Returns to’ replaced by ‘1760 Returns to’. - Pg v: ‘Guadaloupe’ replaced by ‘Guadeloupe’. - Pg 24: ‘Guadaloupe’ replaced by ‘Guadeloupe’. - Pg 35: ‘tend to recal’ replaced by ‘tend to recall’. - Pg 57: ‘a d in 1766’ replaced by ‘and in 1766’. - -*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE -FIFTY-SIXTH, OR THE WEST ESSEX REGIMENT OF FOOT : CONTAINING AN ACCOUNT OF -THE FORMATION OF THE REGIMENT IN 1755, AND OF ITS SUBSEQUENT SERVICES TO -1844. *** - -Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will -be renamed. - -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the -United States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part -of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm -concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, -and may not be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following -the terms of the trademark license, including paying royalties for use -of the Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for -copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is very -easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as creation -of derivative works, reports, performances and research. Project -Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and printed and given away--you may -do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks not protected -by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark -license, especially commercial redistribution. - -START: FULL LICENSE - -THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE -PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK - -To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free -distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work -(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full -Project Gutenberg-tm License available with this file or online at -www.gutenberg.org/license. - -Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works - -1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to -and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property -(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all -the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or -destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your -possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a -Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound -by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the -person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph -1.E.8. - -1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be -used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who -agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few -things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See -paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this -agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below. - -1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the -Foundation" or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection -of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual -works in the collection are in the public domain in the United -States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the -United States and you are located in the United States, we do not -claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, -displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as -all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope -that you will support the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting -free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm -works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the -Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with the work. You can easily -comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the -same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg-tm License when -you share it without charge with others. - -1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern -what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are -in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, -check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this -agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, -distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any -other Project Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no -representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any -country other than the United States. - -1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: - -1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other -immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear -prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work -on which the phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the -phrase "Project Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, -performed, viewed, copied or distributed: - - This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and - most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no - restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it - under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this - eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the - United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where - you are located before using this eBook. - -1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is -derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not -contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the -copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in -the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are -redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase "Project -Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply -either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or -obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg-tm -trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted -with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution -must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any -additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms -will be linked to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works -posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the -beginning of this work. - -1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm -License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this -work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. - -1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this -electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without -prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with -active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project -Gutenberg-tm License. - -1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, -compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including -any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access -to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format -other than "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official -version posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm website -(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense -to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means -of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original "Plain -Vanilla ASCII" or other form. Any alternate format must include the -full Project Gutenberg-tm License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. - -1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, -performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works -unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. - -1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing -access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works -provided that: - -* You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from - the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method - you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed - to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he has - agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid - within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are - legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty - payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in - Section 4, "Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg - Literary Archive Foundation." - -* You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies - you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he - does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm - License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all - copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue - all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg-tm - works. - -* You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of - any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the - electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of - receipt of the work. - -* You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free - distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. - -1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work or group of works on different terms than -are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing -from the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the manager of -the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the Foundation as set -forth in Section 3 below. - -1.F. - -1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable -effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread -works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project -Gutenberg-tm collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may -contain "Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate -or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other -intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or -other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or -cannot be read by your equipment. - -1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right -of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project -Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project -Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all -liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal -fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT -LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE -PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE -TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE -LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR -INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH -DAMAGE. - -1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a -defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can -receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a -written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you -received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium -with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you -with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in -lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person -or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second -opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If -the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing -without further opportunities to fix the problem. - -1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth -in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO -OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT -LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. - -1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied -warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of -damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement -violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the -agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or -limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or -unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the -remaining provisions. - -1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the -trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone -providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in -accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the -production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm -electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, -including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of -the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this -or any Project Gutenberg-tm work, (b) alteration, modification, or -additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any -Defect you cause. - -Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm - -Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of -electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of -computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It -exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations -from people in all walks of life. - -Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the -assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's -goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will -remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure -and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future -generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see -Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at -www.gutenberg.org - -Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation - -The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-profit -501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the -state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal -Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification -number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by -U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. - -The Foundation's business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, -Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up -to date contact information can be found at the Foundation's website -and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact - -Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg -Literary Archive Foundation - -Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without -widespread public support and donations to carry out its mission of -increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be -freely distributed in machine-readable form accessible by the widest -array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations -($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt -status with the IRS. - -The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating -charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United -States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a -considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up -with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations -where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND -DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular -state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate - -While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we -have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition -against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who -approach us with offers to donate. - -International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make -any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from -outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. - -Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current donation -methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other -ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To -donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate - -Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works - -Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project -Gutenberg-tm concept of a library of electronic works that could be -freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and -distributed Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of -volunteer support. - -Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed -editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in -the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not -necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper -edition. - -Most people start at our website which has the main PG search -facility: www.gutenberg.org - -This website includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, -including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to -subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. diff --git a/old/66621-0.zip b/old/66621-0.zip Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index def7901..0000000 --- a/old/66621-0.zip +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/66621-h.zip b/old/66621-h.zip Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index ae96183..0000000 --- a/old/66621-h.zip +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/66621-h/66621-h.htm b/old/66621-h/66621-h.htm deleted file mode 100644 index b9bca7e..0000000 --- a/old/66621-h/66621-h.htm +++ /dev/null @@ -1,4493 +0,0 @@ -<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" - "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> -<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> - <head> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" /> - <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> - <title> - Historical Record of the Fifty-sixth, or the West Essex Regiment of Foot, by Richard Cannon—A Project Gutenberg eBook - </title> - <link rel="coverpage" href="images/cover.jpg" /> - <style type="text/css"> - -body { - margin-left: 10%; - margin-right: 10%; -} - - h1,h2 { - text-align: center; - clear: both; - margin-top: 1.5em; - margin-bottom: 1em; - word-spacing: 0.2em; - letter-spacing: 0em; - line-height: 2em; - font-weight: normal; -} - -h1 {font-size: 120%; letter-spacing: 0em;} -h2 {font-size: 125%; margin-bottom: .5em;} - -p { - margin-top: .5em; - text-align: justify; - margin-bottom: .3em; - text-indent: 1em; -} - -.p1 {margin-top: 1em;} -.p2 {margin-top: 2em;} -.p3 {margin-top: 3em;} -.p4 {margin-top: 4em;} -.p6 {margin-top: 6em;} - -.noindent {text-indent: 0em;} -.nowrap {white-space: nowrap;} - -div.chapter {page-break-before: always;} -h2.nobreak {page-break-before: avoid;} - -.pfs180 {font-size: 180%; text-align: center; text-indent: 0em; word-spacing: 0.3em;} -.pfs150 {font-size: 150%; text-align: center; text-indent: 0em; word-spacing: 0.3em;} -.pfs135 {font-size: 135%; text-align: center; text-indent: 0em; word-spacing: 0.3em;} -.pfs120 {font-size: 120%; text-align: center; text-indent: 0em; word-spacing: 0.3em;} -.pfs100 {font-size: 100%; text-align: center; text-indent: 0em; word-spacing: 0.3em;} -.pfs90 {font-size: 90%; text-align: center; text-indent: 0em; word-spacing: 0.3em;} -.pfs80 {font-size: 80%; text-align: center; text-indent: 0em; word-spacing: 0.3em;} -.pfs60 {font-size: 60%; text-align: center; text-indent: 0em; word-spacing: 0.3em;} - -.fs60 {font-size: 60%; font-style: normal;} -.fs70 {font-size: 70%; font-style: normal;} -.fs80 {font-size: 80%; font-style: normal;} -.fs90 {font-size: 90%; font-style: normal;} -.fs120 {font-size: 120%; font-style: normal;} -.fs135 {font-size: 135%; font-style: normal;} -.fs150 {font-size: 150%; font-style: normal;} -.fs180 {font-size: 180%; font-style: normal;} - -hr { - width: 33%; - margin-top: 2em; - margin-bottom: 2em; - margin-left: 33.5%; - margin-right: 33.5%; - clear: both; -} - -hr.chap {width: 65%; margin-left: 17.5%; margin-right: 17.5%;} -.x-ebookmaker hr.chap {width: 0%; display: none;} - -hr.r5a {width: 5%; margin-left: 47.5%; margin-right: 47.5%; - margin-top: 0em; margin-bottom: 0em;} -hr.r20 {width: 20%; margin-left: 40%; margin-right: 40%; - margin-top: 2em; margin-bottom: 2em;} -hr.r20a {width: 20%; margin-left: 40%; margin-right: 40%; - margin-top: .5em; margin-bottom: .5em;} - -sup {font-size: 60%;} -sub {font-size: 60%;} - -/* for inserting info from TN and Errata changes */ -.corr { - text-decoration: none; - border-bottom: thin dotted gray;} - -.x-ebookmaker .corr { - text-decoration: none; - border-bottom: none;} - - -/* for different code on screen versus handhelds */ -.screenonly { display: block; } - -.x-ebookmaker .screenonly { display: none; } - - -/* for tables */ -table { - margin-left: .1em; - margin-right: .1em;} - -table.autotable { border-collapse: collapse; } -table.autotable td {} - -td {padding: .2em .2em .2em .2em;} - -.tdl {text-align: justify; padding-left: 1.5em; text-indent: -1em; vertical-align: top;} -.tdr {text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom;} -.tdc {text-align: center;} - -.tdcbl {text-align: center; border-left: solid thin;} -.tdlbl {text-align: left; padding-left: 1.5em; text-indent: -1em; border-left: solid thin;} -.tdrm {text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;} -.tdrq {text-align: right; padding-right: 1em;} - -.tdlblx {text-align: left; padding-left: 1.5em; text-indent: -1em; border-left: solid thin; vertical-align: bottom;} -.tdrmx {text-align: right; vertical-align: bottom;} - -.bt {vertical-align: middle; border-top: solid thin;} -.bl {vertical-align: middle; border-left: solid thin;} -.br {vertical-align: middle; border-right: solid thin;} -.bb {vertical-align: middle; border-bottom: solid thin;} - -.pad2 {padding-left: 2em;} -.pad3 {padding-left: 3em;} -.pad4 {padding-left: 4em;} - -.padr2 {padding-right: 2em;} -.padr4 {padding-right: 4em;} - -.pagenum { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */ - /* visibility: hidden; */ - position: absolute; - color: #A9A9A9; - right: 92%; - font-size: smaller; - font-weight: normal; - font-style: normal; - text-align: left; - text-indent: .5em; -} - -/* blockquote (/# #/) */ -.blockquot { margin: 1em 2% 1em 2%; } - - -/* sidenotes */ -.sidenote { - position: absolute; - left: 91%; - margin: 1.2em .3em 0 .5em; - padding: .2em; - text-align: left; - font-size: 80%; - color: black; - background: #eeeeee; - border: dashed thin; - font-style: normal; - font-weight: bold;} - -.sidenotex { - position: absolute; - left: 91%; - margin: .2em .3em 0 .5em; - padding: .2em; - text-align: left; - font-size: 80%; - color: black; - background: #eeeeee; - border: dashed thin; - font-style: normal; - font-weight: bold;} - -.x-ebookmaker .sidenote { - float: right; - clear: right; - text-align: center; - margin-right: .2em; - font-size: 80%; - color: black; - background: #eeeeee; - border: dashed thin; - font-style: normal; - font-weight: bold;} - -.x-ebookmaker .sidenotex { - float: right; - clear: right; - text-align: center; - margin-right: .2em; - font-size: 80%; - color: black; - background: #eeeeee; - border: dashed thin; - font-style: normal; - font-weight: bold;} - - -/* general placement and presentation */ - -.bbox {margin: 0em; - padding: .5em; - border: solid 1px;} - -.center {text-align: center; text-indent: 0em;} -.right {text-align: right; margin-right: 1em;} - -.smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} - -.lsp {letter-spacing: 0.15em;} -.lsp2 {letter-spacing: 0.3em;} - -.caption {font-weight: normal; font-size: 80%; text-align: center; - padding-top: 1em; padding-bottom: .5em;} - - -/* Images */ -img {border: none; max-width: 100%; height: auto;} - -img.w100 {width: 100%;} - -.figcenter { - margin: auto; - padding-top: 1em; - padding-bottom: 1em; - text-align: center; -} - -/* Footnotes */ -.footnotes {border: dashed 1px; margin-top: 2em; margin-bottom: 3em; - padding-bottom: 1em;} - -.footnote {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: 85%;} -.footnote p {} -.footnote .label {position: absolute; right: 84%; text-align: right;} - -.fnanchor { - vertical-align: super; - font-size: .8em; - text-decoration: - none; -} - -/* Transcriber's notes */ -.transnote { - background-color: #E6E6FA; - color: black; - font-size:90%; - padding:0.5em; - margin-top:5em; - margin-bottom:5em; - font-family:sans-serif, serif; -} - -.transnote p {text-indent: 0em;} - - -/* Illustration classes */ -.illowp59 {width: 59%;} -.illowp70 {width: 70%;} -.illowp74 {width: 74%;} - - </style> - </head> - -<body> - -<div style='text-align:center; font-size:1.2em; font-weight:bold'>The Project Gutenberg eBook of Historical Record of the Fifty-sixth, or the West Essex Regiment of Foot : containing an account of the formation of the regiment in 1755, and of its subsequent services to 1844., by Richard Cannon</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and -most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions -whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms -of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online -at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you -are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the -country where you are located before using this eBook. -</div> - -<p style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: Historical Record of the Fifty-sixth, or the West Essex Regiment of Foot : containing an account of the formation of the regiment in 1755, and of its subsequent services to 1844.</p> - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: Richard Cannon</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: October 27, 2021 [eBook #66621]</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Character set encoding: UTF-8</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Produced by: Brian Coe, John Campbell and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This book was produced from images made available by the HathiTrust Digital Library.)</div> - -<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE FIFTY-SIXTH, OR THE WEST ESSEX REGIMENT OF FOOT : CONTAINING AN ACCOUNT OF THE FORMATION OF THE REGIMENT IN 1755, AND OF ITS SUBSEQUENT SERVICES TO 1844. ***</div> - - -<div class="transnote"> -<p><strong>TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE</strong></p> - -<p>Footnote anchors are denoted by <span class="fnanchor">[number]</span>, -and the footnotes have been placed at the end of the book.</p> - -<p>Some minor changes to the text are noted at the <a href="#TN">end of the book.</a> -<span class="screenonly">These are indicated by a <ins class="corr">dotted gray</ins> underline.</span></p> -</div> - - -<div class="figcenter illowp70" style="max-width: 35em;"> -<img class="w100" src="images/cover.jpg" alt="original cover" /> -</div> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> -<div class="chapter"></div> - -<div class="figcenter illowp70" id="i_frontispiece" style="max-width: 35em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i_frontispiece.jpg" alt="" /> - <div class="caption"> - -<span class="fs90">BY COMMAND OF</span> His late Majesty <span class="fs90">WILLIAM THE IV<sup><span class="fs70">TH</span></sup>.</span><br /> -<span class="fs80"><em>and under the Patronage of</em></span><br /> -Her Majesty the Queen.<br /><br /> - -HISTORICAL RECORDS,<br /> -<span class="fs80"><em>OF THE</em></span><br /> -<span class="fs150">British Army</span><br /> - -<em>Comprising the</em><br /> -<em><span class="fs135">History of every Regiment</span></em><br /> -<em>IN HER MAJESTY’S SERVICE</em>.<br /> - -<em>By Richard Cannon Esq<sup>re</sup>.</em><br /> -<em>Adjutant General’s Office, Horse Guards.</em><br /> - -London.<br /> -<em>Printed by Authority.</em><br /> - - </div> -</div> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> -<div class="chapter"></div> - -<p class="p6 pfs135">HISTORICAL RECORDS</p> - -<p class="p3 pfs60">OF</p> - -<p class="p1 pfs180 lsp">THE BRITISH ARMY.</p> - - -<hr class="p6 chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_iii"></a>[Pg iii]</span><br /></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak lsp" id="GENERAL_ORDERS">GENERAL ORDERS.</h2> -</div> - -<hr class="r20" /> - -<p class="p2 right fs80"><em>HORSE GUARDS</em>,</p> -<p class="right fs80"><em>1st January, 1836</em>.</p> - -<p>His Majesty has been pleased to command, -that, with a view of doing the fullest justice to Regiments, -as well as to Individuals who have distinguished -themselves by their Bravery in Action with -the Enemy, an Account of the Services of every -Regiment in the British Army shall be published -under the superintendence and direction of the -Adjutant-General; and that this Account shall contain -the following particulars, viz.,</p> - -<p>—— The Period and Circumstances of the Original -Formation of the Regiment; The Stations at -which it has been from time to time employed; The -Battles, Sieges, and other Military Operations, in -which it has been engaged, particularly specifying -any Achievement it may have performed, and the -Colours, Trophies, &c., it may have captured from -the Enemy.</p> - -<p>—— The Names of the Officers and the number -of Non-Commissioned Officers and Privates, Killed -or Wounded by the Enemy, specifying the Place and -Date of the Action.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_iv"></a>[iv]</span></p> - -<p>—— The Names of those Officers, who, in consideration -of their Gallant Services and Meritorious -Conduct in Engagements with the Enemy, have been -distinguished with Titles, Medals, or other Marks of -His Majesty’s gracious favour.</p> - -<p>—— The Names of all such Officers, Non-Commissioned -Officers and Privates as may have specially -signalized themselves in Action.</p> - -<p>And,</p> - -<p>—— The Badges and Devices which the Regiment -may have been permitted to bear, and the Causes -on account of which such Badges or Devices, or any -other Marks of Distinction, have been granted.</p> - -<p class="right padr2">By Command of the Right Honourable</p> -<p class="right padr4">GENERAL LORD HILL,</p> -<p class="right"><em>Commanding-in-Chief</em>.</p> - -<p class="p2 right smcap">John Macdonald,</p> -<p class="right padr2"><em>Adjutant-General</em>.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_v"></a>[v]</span><br /></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak lsp2" id="PREFACE">PREFACE.</h2> -</div> - -<hr class="r20" /> - -<p class="noindent">The character and credit of the British Army must chiefly -depend upon the zeal and ardour, by which all who enter -into its service are animated, and consequently it is of the -highest importance that any measure calculated to excite the -spirit of emulation, by which alone great and gallant actions -are achieved, should be adopted.</p> - -<p>Nothing can more fully tend to the accomplishment of -this desirable object, than a full display of the noble deeds -with which the Military History of our country abounds. -To hold forth these bright examples to the imitation of the -youthful soldier, and thus to incite him to emulate the -meritorious conduct of those who have preceded him in their -honourable career, are among the motives that have given -rise to the present publication.</p> - -<p>The operations of the British Troops are, indeed, announced -in the “London Gazette,” from whence they are -transferred into the public prints: the achievements of our -armies are thus made known at the time of their occurrence, -and receive the tribute of praise and admiration to which -they are entitled. On extraordinary occasions, the Houses -of Parliament have been in the habit of conferring on the -Commanders, and the Officers and Troops acting under<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_vi"></a>[vi]</span> -their orders, expressions of approbation and of thanks for -their skill and bravery, and these testimonials, confirmed by -the high honour of their Sovereign’s Approbation, constitute -the reward which the soldier most highly prizes.</p> - -<p>It has not, however, until late years, been the practice -(which appears to have long prevailed in some of the Continental -armies) for British Regiments to keep regular -records of their services and achievements. Hence some -difficulty has been experienced in obtaining, particularly -from the old Regiments, an authentic account of their origin -and subsequent services.</p> - -<p>This defect will now be remedied, in consequence of His -Majesty having been pleased to command, that every Regiment -shall in future keep a full and ample record of its -services at home and abroad.</p> - -<p>From the materials thus collected, the country will -henceforth derive information as to the difficulties and -privations which chequer the career of those who embrace -the military profession. In Great Britain, where so large a -number of persons are devoted to the active concerns of -agriculture, manufactures, and commerce, and where these -pursuits have, for so long a period, been undisturbed by the -<em>presence of war</em>, which few other countries have escaped, -comparatively little is known of the vicissitudes of active -service, and of the casualties of climate, to which, even -during peace, the British Troops are exposed in every part -of the globe, with little or no interval of repose.</p> - -<p>In their tranquil enjoyment of the blessings which the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_vii"></a>[vii]</span> -country derives from the industry and the enterprise of the -agriculturist and the trader, its happy inhabitants may be -supposed not often to reflect on the perilous duties of the -soldier and the sailor,—on their sufferings,—and on the -sacrifice of valuable life, by which so many national benefits -are obtained and preserved.</p> - -<p>The conduct of the British Troops, their valour, and -endurance, have shone conspicuously under great and trying -difficulties; and their character has been established in Continental -warfare by the irresistible spirit with which they -have effected debarkations in spite of the most formidable -opposition, and by the gallantry and steadiness with which -they have maintained their advantages against superior -numbers.</p> - -<p>In the official Reports made by the respective Commanders, -ample justice has generally been done to the gallant -exertions of the Corps employed; but the details of their -services, and of acts of individual bravery, can only be fully -given in the Annals of the various Regiments.</p> - -<p>These Records are now preparing for publication, under -His Majesty’s special authority, by Mr. <span class="smcap">Richard Cannon</span>, -Principal Clerk of the Adjutant-General’s Office; and while -the perusal of them cannot fail to be useful and interesting -to military men of every rank, it is considered that they will -also afford entertainment and information to the general -reader, particularly to those who may have served in the -Army, or who have relatives in the Service.</p> - -<p>There exists in the breasts of most of those who have<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_viii"></a>[viii]</span> -served, or are serving, in the Army, an <i lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Esprit de Corps</i>—an -attachment to every thing belonging to their Regiment; -to such persons a narrative of the services of their own Corps -cannot fail to prove interesting. Authentic accounts of the -actions of the great,—the valiant,—the loyal, have always -been of paramount interest with a brave and civilized people. -Great Britain has produced a race of heroes who, in moments -of danger and terror, have stood, “firm as the rocks -of their native shore;” and when half the World has been -arrayed against them, they have fought the battles of their -Country with unshaken fortitude. It is presumed that a -record of achievements in war,—victories so complete and -surprising, gained by our countrymen,—our brothers,—our -fellow-citizens in arms,—a record which revives the memory -of the brave, and brings their gallant deeds before us, will -certainly prove acceptable to the public.</p> - -<p>Biographical memoirs of the Colonels and other distinguished -Officers, will be introduced in the Records of their -respective Regiments, and the Honorary Distinctions which -have, from time to time, been conferred upon each Regiment, -as testifying the value and importance of its services, -will be faithfully set forth.</p> - -<p>As a convenient mode of Publication, the Record of each -Regiment will be printed in a distinct number, so that when -the whole shall be completed, the Parts may be bound up -in numerical succession.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"></div> - -<h1> -<span class="lsp2">HISTORICAL RECORD</span><br /> -<span class="fs60">OF</span><br /> -<span class="fs135">THE FIFTY-SIXTH,</span><br /> -<span class="fs60">OR</span><br /> -<span class="fs120">THE WEST ESSEX REGIMENT</span><br /> -<span class="fs60">OF</span><br /> -<span class="fs150 lsp2">FOOT:</span> -</h1> - -<p class="p2 pfs60">CONTAINING AN ACCOUNT OF</p> - -<p class="p2 pfs100">THE FORMATION OF THE REGIMENT<br /> -IN 1755,</p> - -<p class="p2 pfs60">AND OF</p> - -<p class="p1 pfs100">ITS SUBSEQUENT SERVICES<br /> -TO 1844.</p> - -<p class="p2"> </p> -<hr class="r20a" /> -<p class="pfs80"><em>ILLUSTRATED WITH PLATES.</em></p> -<hr class="r20a" /> - -<p class="p2 pfs90">LONDON.</p> -<p class="pfs90">PARKER, FURNIVALL, AND PARKER,</p> -<p class="pfs90"><em>MILITARY LIBRARY, WHITEHALL</em>.</p> - -<hr class="r5a" /> -<p class="pfs60">M.DCCC.XLIV.</p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> -<div class="chapter"></div> - -<p class="p6 pfs60">LONDON:<br /> -HARRISON AND CO., PRINTERS,<br /> -ST. MARTIN’S LANE.</p> - - -<hr class="p4 chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> -<div class="chapter"></div> - -<p class="p3 pfs150 lsp">THE FIFTY-SIXTH,</p> - -<p class="p1 pfs60">OR</p> - -<p class="pfs100 lsp">THE WEST ESSEX</p> - -<p class="pfs180 lsp">REGIMENT OF FOOT,</p> - -<p class="p2 pfs60">BEARS ON ITS REGIMENTAL COLOURS, THE WORD</p> - -<p class="pfs135 lsp">“MORO,”</p> - -<p class="p1 pfs60">TO COMMEMORATE ITS GALLANTRY AT THE CAPTURE OF THE<br /> -MORO FORT, AT THE HAVANNAH, IN 1762;</p> - -<p class="p2 pfs60">ALSO THE WORD</p> - -<p class="pfs135 lsp">“GIBRALTAR,”</p> - -<p class="p1 pfs60">WITH THE</p> - -<p class="pfs120 lsp">CASTLE AND KEY;</p> - -<p class="p2 pfs60">AND THE MOTTO</p> - -<p class="pfs120"><i lang="la" xml:lang="la">MONTIS INSIGNIA CALPE</i>,</p> - -<p class="p1 pfs60">TO COMMEMORATE ITS DISTINGUISHED CONDUCT IN DEFENCE OF<br /> -THE FORTRESS OF GIBRALTAR DURING THE YEARS<br /> -<span class="fs150">1779, 1780, 1781,</span> AND <span class="fs150">1782.</span></p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_v-a"></a>[Pg v]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak lsp" id="CONTENTS">CONTENTS.</h2> -</div> - -<hr class="r20" /> - - -<table class="autotable fs90" width="95%" summary=""> -<tr> -<td class="tdl fs80">Year</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdr fs80"> Page</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">1755</td> -<td class="tdl">Formation of the Regiment</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_9">9</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">1756</td> -<td class="tdl">Uniform—Names of Officers</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_10">10</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">1757</td> -<td class="tdl">Marches to Scotland</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_11">11</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">1760</td> -<td class="tdl"><ins class="corr" id="tn-v" title="Transcriber’s Note—Original text: '1700'"> -Returns to England</ins></td> -<td class="tdr">—</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">1762</td> -<td class="tdl">Embarks for the West Indies</td> -<td class="tdr">—</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">——</td> -<td class="tdl">Siege of the Moro Fort, and capture of the Havannah</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_12">12</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">1763</td> -<td class="tdl">Proceeds to Ireland</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_14">14</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">1770</td> -<td class="tdl">Embarks for Gibraltar</td> -<td class="tdr">—</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">——</td> -<td class="tdl">A light company added to the establishment</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_15">15</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">1779}</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">1780}</td> -<td class="tdl">Engaged in the successful defence of the important</td> -<td class="tdr">{ <a href="#Page_15">15</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">1781}</td> -<td class="tdl pad3">fortress of Gibraltar</td> -<td class="tdr">{ to</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">1782}</td> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdr">{ 21</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">——</td> -<td class="tdl">Styled the West Essex Regiment</td> -<td class="tdr">—</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">1783</td> -<td class="tdl">Embarks for England</td> -<td class="tdr">—</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">1784</td> -<td class="tdl">Proceeds to Scotland</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_22">22</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">1788</td> -<td class="tdl">Embarks for Ireland</td> -<td class="tdr">—</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">1793</td> -<td class="tdl">Riot at Wexford—Major Valloton killed</td> -<td class="tdr">—</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">——</td> -<td class="tdl">Embarks for the West Indies</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_23">23</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">1794</td> -<td class="tdl">Capture of Martinico</td> -<td class="tdr">—</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">——</td> -<td class="tdl">—— —— St. Lucia</td> -<td class="tdr">—</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">——</td> -<td class="tdl">—— —— <ins class="corr" id="tn-v-a" title="Transcriber’s Note—Original text: 'Guadaloupe'"> -Guadeloupe</ins></td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_24">24</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">1795</td> -<td class="tdl">Returns to England—Proceeds to Ireland</td> -<td class="tdr">—</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">1796</td> -<td class="tdl">Embarks for the West Indies</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_25">25</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">1796</td> -<td class="tdl"><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_vi-a"></a>[vi]</span> - Detached for St. Domingo</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_25">25</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">——</td> -<td class="tdl">Capture of Bombarde</td> -<td class="tdr">—</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">1797</td> -<td class="tdl">Attack on Port Jack Thomas</td> -<td class="tdr">—</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">——</td> -<td class="tdl">Defence of Irois</td> -<td class="tdr">—</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">——</td> -<td class="tdl">Attack on St. Mary’s</td> -<td class="tdr">—</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">——</td> -<td class="tdl">Proceeds to Jamaica</td> -<td class="tdr">—</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">1798</td> -<td class="tdl">Embarks for England</td> -<td class="tdr">—</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">1799</td> -<td class="tdl">Expedition to Holland</td> -<td class="tdr">—</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">——</td> -<td class="tdl">Battles of Bergen and Egmont-op-Zee</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_26">26</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">——</td> -<td class="tdl">Returns to England</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_27">27</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">1800</td> -<td class="tdl">Embarks for Ireland</td> -<td class="tdr">—</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">1801</td> -<td class="tdl">Recruited with men raised for European service only, who volunteer to extend their services to any part of the world</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_28">28</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">1804</td> -<td class="tdl">A <em>Second Battalion</em> added to the establishment</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_29">29</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">1805</td> -<td class="tdl">First Battalion proceeds to the East Indies</td> -<td class="tdr">—</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">1807</td> -<td class="tdl">Second Battalion proceeds to the East Indies</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_30">30</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">1809</td> -<td class="tdl">Detachment to Bourbon and the Mauritius</td> -<td class="tdr">—</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">——</td> -<td class="tdl">Capture of Mallia</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_31">31</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">——</td> -<td class="tdl">Capture of St. Paul’s on the Island of Bourbon</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_33">33</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">——</td> -<td class="tdl">Detachments serve as Marines</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_34">34</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">——</td> -<td class="tdl">Services in consequence of disaffection in Native Corps</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_35">35</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">1810</td> -<td class="tdl">Capture of the Island of Bourbon</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_36">36</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">——</td> -<td class="tdl">—— —— Mauritius</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_37">37</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">1811</td> -<td class="tdl">New Colours presented by the East India Company</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_38">38</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">1813</td> -<td class="tdl">Services with the Guicwar’s subsidiary Force</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_39">39</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">——</td> -<td class="tdl">A <em>Third Battalion</em> added to the establishment</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_40">40</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">——</td> -<td class="tdl">Capture of Canool and Raree</td> -<td class="tdr">—</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">1814</td> -<td class="tdl">Third Battalion serves in Holland</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_41">41</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">——</td> -<td class="tdl">—— —— Action at Merxem, &c.</td> -<td class="tdr">—</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">——</td> -<td class="tdl">—— —— returns to England</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_43">43</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">——</td> -<td class="tdl">—— —— disbanded at Sheerness</td> -<td class="tdr">—</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">1815</td> -<td class="tdl">First Battalion proceeds to the Mauritius</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_44">44</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">1816</td> -<td class="tdl"><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_vii-a"></a>[vii]</span> - Second Battalion serves with the Poonah Subsidiary Force</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_45">45</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">1817</td> -<td class="tdl">Second Battalion returns to England and is disbanded</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_46">46</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">1826</td> -<td class="tdl">The Regiment returns to England</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_48">48</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">1827</td> -<td class="tdl">Embarks for Ireland</td> -<td class="tdr">—</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">1829</td> -<td class="tdl">Court of Enquiry to investigate Regimental Books and Registries</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_49">49</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">1831</td> -<td class="tdl">Embarks for Jamaica</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_50">50</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">1840</td> -<td class="tdl">—— —— North America</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_51">51</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">——</td> -<td class="tdl">Detachments employed in the Disputed Territory during the unsettled state of the Boundary Question</td> -<td class="tdr">—</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">1842</td> -<td class="tdl">Embarks for Ireland</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_52">52</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">1844</td> -<td class="tdl">The Conclusion</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_53">53</a></td> -</tr> -</table> - -<hr class="r20" /> - - -<div class="chapter"></div> - -<p class="pfs100">SUCCESSION OF COLONELS.</p> - -<table class="autotable fs90" width="95%" summary=""> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">1755</td> -<td class="tdl">Lord Charles Manners</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_55">55</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">1761</td> -<td class="tdl">The Honorable William Keppel</td> -<td class="tdr">—</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">1765</td> -<td class="tdl">James Durand</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_56">56</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">1766</td> -<td class="tdl">Hunt Walsh</td> -<td class="tdr">—</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">1795</td> -<td class="tdl">Samuel Hulse</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_57">57</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">1797</td> -<td class="tdl">The Honorable Chapple Norton</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_58">58</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">1818</td> -<td class="tdl">Sir John Murray, Baronet</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_59">59</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">1827</td> -<td class="tdl">Matthew Lord Aylmer, K.C.B.</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_60">60</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">1832</td> -<td class="tdl">Sir Hudson Lowe, K.C.B.</td> -<td class="tdr">—</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">1842</td> -<td class="tdl">The Earl of Westmorland, K.C.B. & G.C.H.</td> -<td class="tdr">—</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"> </td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl" colspan="2">SUCCESSION OF LIEUT.-COLONELS</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_61">61</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"> </td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl" colspan="2">SUCCESSION OF MAJORS</td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#Page_62">62</a></td> -</tr> -</table> - -<hr class="r20" /> - -<p class="pfs100">PLATES.<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_viii-a"></a>[viii]</span></p> - -<table class="autotable fs90" width="95%" summary=""> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -<td class="tdr fs80">Page</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Colours of the Regiment</td> -<td class="tdr"><em>to face</em></td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#i_009">9</a></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Uniform of 1843</td> -<td class="tdr"></td> -<td class="tdr"><a href="#i_052">52</a></td> -</tr> -</table> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> -<div class="chapter"></div> - -<div class="figcenter illowp74" id="i_009" style="max-width: 40.625em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i_009.jpg" alt="" /> - <div class="caption">FIFTY-SIXTH REGIMENT OF FOOT.</div> -</div> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_9"></a>[Pg 9]</span><br /></p> -<h2 class="nobreak lsp2" id="HISTORICAL_RECORD">HISTORICAL RECORD</h2> -</div> - -<p class="pfs60">OF THE</p> - -<p class="pfs135 lsp">FIFTY-SIXTH,</p> - -<p class="p1 pfs60">OR</p> - -<p class="pfs120 lsp">THE WEST ESSEX REGIMENT</p> - -<p class="p1 pfs60">OF</p> - -<p class="pfs150 lsp2">FOOT.</p> - -<hr class="r20" /> - - -<div class="sidenote">1755</div> - -<p>The aggressions of foreign Princes, possessing -extensive military establishments, have repeatedly rendered -considerable augmentations to the British army -necessary, for the preservation of the kingdom and its -numerous colonial possessions; and a circumstance of -this character occasioned the formation of the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> -Regiment, during the winter of 1755-6.</p> - -<p>The unjustifiable claims of France on certain portions -of North America,—the forcible expulsion of a -company of British settlers from a tract of land beyond -the Allegany Mountains, and near the river Ohio, by a -body of French troops,—and the building of a fort to -command the entrance into the country on the Ohio -and Mississippi rivers, thus excluding the English from -a valuable portion of their possessions, gave indication -of an approaching war.</p> - -<p>In December, 1755, an order was issued for adding -ten regiments of infantry to the regular army. The -seventh of these new regiments was raised in the -north of England, under the superintendence of <span class="smcap">Lord -Charles Manners</span>, who was nominated to the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_10"></a>[10]</span> -colonelcy, his commission bearing date the 26th of -December, 1755. It was numbered the <span class="smcap">Fifty-eighth</span> -Foot; but two inefficient colonial corps being soon -afterwards disbanded, (viz., Major-General Shirley’s -and Major-General Sir William Pepperel’s,) it obtained -the rank of the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> Regiment.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1756</div> - -<p>Active measures were adopted in the beginning of -1756, for completing the numbers of the regiment to -its establishment of ten companies, of seventy-eight -non-commissioned officers and soldiers each; and its -quarters were established at Newcastle and Gateshead. -Its costume was scarlet, faced, lined, and turned up -with deep crimson; a few years afterwards the facing -was changed to a <em>purple</em>, which had been denominated -“<em>Pompadour</em>” colour: this circumstance gave rise to -the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> Regiment being commonly styled -“<em>The Pompadours</em>.”</p> - -<p>The following officers received commissions in the -regiment:—</p> - -<table class="autotable fs80" width="90%" summary=""> -<tr> -<td class="tdc" colspan="3"><em>Colonel</em>, <span class="smcap">Lord Charles Manners.</span></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc" colspan="3"><em>Lieut.-Colonel</em>, <span class="smcap">Peter Parr.</span></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc" colspan="3"><em>Major</em>, <span class="smcap">John Doyne.</span></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl pad3"><em>Captains.</em></td> -<td class="tdl pad3"><em>Lieutenants.</em></td> -<td class="tdl pad3"><em>Ensigns.</em></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">James Stewart</td> -<td class="tdl">Wilson Marshall</td> -<td class="tdl">John Brereton</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">William Skipton</td> -<td class="tdl">John Forster</td> -<td class="tdl">Edward Jenkins</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">William Playstowe</td> -<td class="tdl">Thomas Harrison</td> -<td class="tdl">James Lyons</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Wm. Earl of Sutherland</td> -<td class="tdl">Edwin Eyre</td> -<td class="tdl">Archibald Wight</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Thomas Hargrave</td> -<td class="tdl">John White</td> -<td class="tdl">Joseph Baillie</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">John Heighington</td> -<td class="tdl">James Perrin</td> -<td class="tdl">William Sandys</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">John Deaken</td> -<td class="tdl">John Ingram</td> -<td class="tdl">Fiennes Jenkinson</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl">John Archer</td> -<td class="tdl">Christopher Hales</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl">David Dundas<a id="FNanchor_1" href="#Footnote_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a></td> -<td class="tdl">John Woodford</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdl">St. John Pierce Lacy</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl pad2"><em>Captain-Lieutenant.</em></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Francis Gregor</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc" colspan="3"><em>Chaplain</em>, John Halsted; <em>Adjutant</em>, John Hardy;</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc" colspan="3"><em>Quarter-Master</em>, William Lamplow; <em>Surgeon</em>, William Pitman.</td> -</tr> -</table> - - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_11"></a>[11]</span><br /></p> - -<div class="sidenote">1757<br />1758<br />1759</div> - -<p>In April, 1757, the regiment marched to Berwick, -from whence it afterwards continued its route to Scotland, -where it was stationed several years, occupying -quarters at Aberdeen, and its vicinity, in 1758; and in -the following year at Edinburgh, from whence a detachment -proceeded to Germany, to recruit the regiments -serving in that country.</p> - -<div class="sidenotex">1760<br />1761</div> - -<p>Embarking from Leith, in July, 1760, the regiment -proceeded to Hilsea barracks, where it was stationed -during the year 1761.</p> - -<p>On the 17th of December, Lord Charles Manners -was succeeded in the colonelcy by Colonel the Honorable -William Keppel, fourth son of William-Anne, second -Earl of Albemarle, from the First Foot Guards.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1762</div> - -<p>In the mean time, France had been deprived of all -her possessions in North America, and British troops, -then employed in Germany, were opposing formidable -resistance to the schemes of the court of Versailles; -but the celebrated treaty, called the “Family Compact,” -between the sovereigns of France and Spain (both -Bourbon princes), gave a new character to the war. -Confiding in the prowess of his seamen and soldiers, -the British monarch did not shrink from the unequal -contest, but proclaimed war against Spain on -the 4th of January, 1762; and an expedition was afterwards -prepared for the attack of the valuable Spanish -settlement of the <em>Havannah</em>, in the island of Cuba. -The <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> Regiment, being selected to take -part in this enterprise, sailed from Portsmouth on the -5th of March, and on arriving in the West Indies, it -joined the armament under General the Earl of Albemarle: -the colonel of the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> Regiment, -the Honorable William Keppel, had the local rank of -Major-General in the expedition.</p> - -<p>Passing through the dangerous navigation of the -Straits of Bahama without accident, the fleet arrived<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_12"></a>[12]</span> -off the Havannah on the 6th of June, and a landing -was effected on the following day. The <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> -Regiment mustered nine hundred and thirty-three -officers and soldiers, under Lieut.-Colonel James -Stewart, and were formed in brigade with four companies -of the Royals, and a battalion of the Sixtieth, -under Brigadier-General Haviland.</p> - -<p>The Havannah, from its great importance, had been -carefully fortified; the entrance to the harbour, which -is one of the finest in the world, was secured on one -side by the <em>Moro</em> fort, built of solid masonry on a -projecting point of land, and having an immense ditch -cut out of the rock. The west side of the harbour was -defended by the Puntal fort, and the town was surrounded -by a rampart, flanked with bastions, and -strengthened by a ditch. The reduction of the Moro -fort was the first object which engaged the attention of -the troops, and this service was intrusted to Major-General -the Honorable William Keppel (colonel of the -<span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span>), his own regiment forming part of the -force placed under his orders, and having repeated -opportunities of evincing its spirit and perseverance in -this arduous undertaking, rendered particularly difficult -by the oppressive heat, a scarcity of water, the necessity -of dragging the artillery along a rocky coast, and from -the thinness of the soil; so great was the labour in -carrying on the approaches, that several men were -daily lost by diseases produced by their extraordinary -exertions. The destruction of the grand battery by fire -augmented the labours of the besieging troops; but they -resumed their work, repulsed a sortie of the Spaniards, -and erected new batteries. On the 30th of July, a storming -party was formed under the orders of Lieutenant-Colonel -Stewart, of the late Ninetieth Regiment (disbanded -on 18th March, 1763): two mines were sprung, -a small practicable breach made, and the British soldiers<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_13"></a>[13]</span> -rushed in at the aperture with so much impetuosity, -that the Spaniards were instantly overpowered. -Nearly one hundred and fifty of the enemy were -killed; four hundred threw down their arms and were -made prisoners; upwards of two hundred endeavoured -to escape in boats, but lost their lives in the attempt.</p> - -<p>The spirited capture of the Moro fort was followed -by the erection of a line of batteries on Cavannos Hill, -commanding the eastern side of the city, and the guns -of the captured fort were also turned against the -Spaniards. On the 11th of August the batteries opened -a well-directed fire on the Puntal fort and the town; -and so severe was the cannonade, that in less than six -hours the enemy’s guns were silenced, and the white -flag hoisted. A capitulation was concluded on the 13th, -and possession was taken of the town and Puntal fort -on the following day.</p> - -<p>This valuable conquest was achieved by a division -of the royal navy, and a land force of fourteen thousand -men; and it cost upwards of a thousand officers and soldiers -in killed and deaths from extraordinary exertions.</p> - -<p>The <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> Regiment had twelve rank and -file killed; one officer and twenty-three rank and file -wounded: the regiment also sustained the loss of many -brave men from diseases.</p> - -<p>For its distinguished conduct on this occasion, the -regiment was honored with the royal authority to bear -the word “<span class="smcap">Moro</span>” on its regimental colours, which -forms a conspicuous feature in its Record; few corps -having acquired an honorary inscription for their colours -on their first service.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1763</div> - -<p>The regiment remained at the Havannah several -months, the garrison being under the order of its -colonel, Major-General the Honorable William Keppel. -A treaty of peace was soon afterwards concluded; and -the Havannah was restored to Spain in exchange for<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_14"></a>[14]</span> -Florida: it was, accordingly, delivered up to the Spanish -troops on the 7th of July, 1763.</p> - -<p>In September, the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> Regiment embarked -for Ireland, and landing in the following month, -marched to Limerick, its numbers being completed -by volunteers from other corps.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1764</div> - -<p>At this period, several changes were made in the -clothing and equipment of certain regiments of cavalry -and infantry; and a communication, dated Dublin, 9th -October, 1764, made known to the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> Regiment—“His -Majesty’s pleasure, that the facings of the -clothing of the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> Regiment of Foot, under -the command of Major-General Keppel, be changed -to a <em>purple</em> colour; that the men have white breeches; -that the accoutrements be white; and that the grenadier -caps be plated instead of embroidered,” &c.</p> - -<div class="sidenotex">1765</div> - -<p>Leaving Limerick on the 2nd of May, the regiment -proceeded to Dublin, where it was stationed two years.</p> - -<p>On the 15th of May, 1765, Major-General the Honorable -William Keppel was removed to the Fourteenth -Foot; and in June His Majesty conferred the colonelcy -of the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> on Lieut.-General James Durand, -from the lieut.-colonelcy of the First Foot Guards.</p> - -<div class="sidenotex">1766</div> - -<p>Lieut.-General Durand died in 1766, and was succeeded -by Colonel Hunt Walsh, from the lieut.-colonelcy -of the Twenty-eighth Regiment.</p> - -<div class="sidenotex">1767<br />1768</div> - -<p>The regiment quitted Dublin in October, 1767, and -proceeded to Waterford, where it remained seven -months, and in May, 1768, it returned to Dublin.</p> - -<p>By the Royal Warrant, dated 19th December, -1768, the facings of the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> Regiment were -continued to be <em>purple</em>.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1769<br />1770</div> - -<p>After performing Dublin duty two years, the regiment -received orders to transfer its services to Gibraltar. -It accordingly marched to Cork in May, 1770, and embarked -from thence for that important fortress.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_15"></a>[15]</span></p> - -<p>In December an order was received for augmenting -the regiment, by the addition of a light infantry company -of three serjeants, three corporals, two buglers, -and sixty-two private soldiers; also an addition of twenty-one -rank and file to each of the other companies.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1771<br />1775<br />1778<br />1779</div> - -<p>The regiment was stationed at Gibraltar during the -following twelve years. The American war commenced -in 1775, and three Hanoverian regiments afterwards -joined the garrison of Gibraltar. In 1778 France united -with the revolted British subjects, and the Spanish -monarch contrived to introduce himself into the dispute, -in the character of a mediator; but his proposals -were of so injurious a character to the interests of -Great Britain, that they were instantly rejected. The -King of Spain then seized on what appeared to be a -favorable opportunity to declare war, and to wrest from -Great Britain the important fortress of <em>Gibraltar</em>, which -had resisted every attempt to retake it, since its capture -by the British in 1704.</p> - -<p>In June, 1779, the intercourse of the garrison of -Gibraltar with the Spanish territory was suddenly -stopped, so that several officers on leave of absence, -experienced difficulty in rejoining their corps. A numerous -Spanish army speedily blockaded the fortress -on the land side, and the garrison became insulated from -the rest of the world. Resolving on a desperate defence -of the fortress intrusted to their care, the troops -undertook the task with cheerfulness, and severe toil -and spare diet were sustained without complaint. The -works were increased; the pavement of the streets was -taken up; the towers of conspicuous buildings pulled -down; the stone sentry-boxes removed; guard-houses -unroofed; traverses were raised in different places, and -a covered way begun. Several staff appointments took -place; among others, Major Hardy, of the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span>, -was nominated quarter-master-general: Captain<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_16"></a>[16]</span> -Valloton, aide-de-camp to the governor; and Lieutenant -S. Wood, assistant town-major: the regiment was commanded -by Major Bulleine Fancourt<a id="FNanchor_2" href="#Footnote_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a>.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1780</div> - -<p>A rigorous blockade being established by sea and -land, a scarcity of provision was soon experienced; -the soldiers, being resolutely determined to defend their -position, submitted to privations which were unavoidable, -although the scurvy made great ravages among -them, and reduced their numbers. Early in 1780 -Admiral Sir George Rodney arrived with a convoy, to -the great joy and relief of the garrison, which was -augmented by the second battalion of the Seventy-third -Regiment.</p> - -<p>The British fleet having departed, the Spaniards -renewed the blockade by sea, and attempted to destroy -the vessels in the harbour by fire-ships, but failed.<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_17"></a>[17]</span> -Towards the close of the year, provision again became -short; a limited supply was occasionally obtained from -the Moors; the effects of the scurvy were mitigated by -cultivating vegetables on the rock; and the gallant -defenders of Gibraltar maintained their attitude of -defiance to the power of Spain.</p> - -<div class="sidenotex">1781</div> - -<p>In April, 1781, the garrison was again relieved by the -arrival of a numerous fleet under Vice-Admiral Darby.</p> - -<p>This success occasioned the Spaniards to lose all -hope of being able to reduce the fortress by blockade, -and they resolved to try the power of their numerous -artillery. Scarcely had the fleet cast anchor, when the -enemy’s batteries opened, and the fire of upwards of one -hundred guns and mortars enveloped the fortress in -a storm of war; a number of gun-boats augmented -the iron tempest which beat against the rock, and the -houses of the inhabitants were soon in ruins. Surgeon -Thomas Chisholm, of the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span>, was severely -wounded by the splinter of a shell, on the 15th of April; -Lieutenant Edward Vicars of the regiment was also -wounded on the 26th of October, and Ensign Richard -Edgar on the 3rd of November.</p> - -<p>Europe watched, with intense interest, the heroic -conduct of the garrison; and the English governor -deliberately observed the approaches of the enemy, and -seized, with the keenest perspection, the proper moment -to make a sortie with success. This occurred on the -night of the 26th of November, when the flank -companies of the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> had an opportunity -of distinguishing themselves. The moon shone bright -on the sands as the soldiers assembled at midnight; -between two and three o’clock, darkness overspread -the country, and the troops issued silently from the -fortress. They were challenged and fired upon by the -enemy’s sentries; but the British soldiers rushed forward -with their native ardour, overpowered the Spanish<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_18"></a>[18]</span> -guards, and captured the batteries in gallant style; the -defenders of the works flying in dismay, and communicating -the panic to the troops in their rear. The wooden -batteries were soon prepared for fire; the flames spread -with astonishing rapidity, and a column of fire and smoke -arose from the works, illuminating the surrounding objects, -and shedding a fiery lustre upon this unparalleled scene. -In an hour the object of the sortie was effected; trains -were laid to the enemy’s magazines, and the soldiers -withdrew: as they entered the fortress tremendous -explosions shook the ground, and rising columns of -smoke, flame, and burning timber, proclaimed the -destruction of the enemy’s immense stores of gunpowder -to be completed. General Eliott declared in -orders,—“The bearing and conduct of the whole detachment,—officers, -seamen, and soldiers,—on this glorious -occasion, surpass my utmost acknowledgments.”</p> - -<p>The Spaniards appeared astounded at this disgrace; -they made no attempt to extinguish the flames; but -appeared at a loss how to proceed. Early in December -they began to arouse themselves, and to restore the batteries; -but were retarded by the fire of the garrison. -While the besiegers were using diligence in repairing -the old works, and constructing new ones, the gallant -defenders of the fortress were equally indefatigable,—every -serjeant, drummer, musician, officer’s servant, -and private soldier was required to use the musket, -shovel, and pickaxe, as his services were necessary.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1782</div> - -<p>All ordinary means of attack appearing to be unavailing -against the resolute garrison of Gibraltar, -stupendous preparations were made on a new principle, -and floating batteries were constructed with great art -and labour, and were accounted the most perfect contrivance -of the kind ever seen. The combined power -of France and Spain was directed against the fortress; -the Duke of Crillon took the command of the besieging<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_19"></a>[19]</span> -army, and he was assisted by a celebrated French engineer, -Monsieur d’Arcon. As the summer of 1782 progressed, -the garrison was aware that a crisis was -approaching, and awaited with cool determination the -hour of trial. Sickness and the enemy’s fire thinned -their numbers (Lieutenant White, of the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span>, -being among the wounded); yet their efforts were not -relaxed. New subterraneous works were constructed; -and furnaces prepared for heating red-hot shot.</p> - -<p>A trial of hot shot was made in the early part of -September, and some of the enemy’s works were -set on fire. This unexpected disaster provoked the -Duke of Crillon to hurry the attack of a number of new -batteries, which opened with a volley of sixty shells, -and was followed by the fire of one hundred and -seven guns of large calibre. A tremendous storm -of bullets and shells thundered against the fortress; -and soon after, the immense battering ships approached -and took their station: princes of the royal blood -of France,—Spanish nobility,—dignified characters of -Europe,—and an amazing concourse of persons filling -the enemy’s camp, and covering the adjacent hills, to -witness the fall of the fortress under the fire of these -stupendous vessels.</p> - -<p>The batteries of the garrison opened their fire, and -the roar of four hundred heavy guns proclaimed the -dreadful conflict. The battering ships proved powerful; -the heaviest shells rebounded from their tops, and a -thirty-two pound shot scarcely seemed to make an -impression on them. Sometimes smoke arose, but the -engines in the ships soon caused it to disappear. -The effect of the red-hot shot was doubted; the result -uncertain; but the fire was persevered in, and showers -of balls, shells, and carcasses, flew through the air. -For some hours the attack and defence were so equally -well supported, as scarcely to admit of any appearance<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_20"></a>[20]</span> -of superiority in the cannonade on either side. The -wonderful construction of the battering ships appeared -to bid defiance to the powers of the heaviest ordnance -and of red-hot balls. In the afternoon (13th September) -the face of things began to change, and the -smoke issuing from the upper part of the enemy’s flagship -became more voluminous. A second ship soon -appeared in the same condition. Confusion prevailed. -The enemy’s cannonade began to abate. Signals of -distress were made to their fleet; and groans and cries -of suffering came from the burning ships. Soon after -midnight one battering ship was in flames; in a short -time a second appeared in the same state; and between -three and four o’clock six more exhibited the effects of -the red-hot shot. A dreadful scene of conflagration -illuminated the bay of Gibraltar, and the British -seamen were seen rescuing their enemies from impending -destruction.</p> - -<p>Although defeated in this grand effort, the Spaniards -entertained some hope of being able to reduce the -garrison to submission from the want of provision; and -the siege was continued: but in October the combined -fleets of France and Spain were damaged by a storm. -After this event the garrison was again relieved; -supplied with provisions, and reinforced with troops; -and the officers and soldiers were encouraged to persevere -in their gallant efforts, by a letter from the -principal Secretary of State, published in orders, in -which it was stated,—“I am honored with His -Majesty’s commands to assure you, in the strongest -terms, that no encouragement shall be wanting to the -brave officers and soldiers under your command. His -Majesty’s Royal approbation of the past will, no doubt, -be a powerful incentive to future exertion: and I -have the King’s authority to assure you, that every -distinguished act of emulation and gallantry, which<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_21"></a>[21]</span> -shall be performed in the course of the siege, by any, -even of the lowest rank, will meet with ample reward -from his gracious protection and favour.”</p> - -<p>Thus encouraged, the brave garrison of Gibraltar -stood firm and determined in the defence of the -fortress, and the enemy lost all hopes of being able to -gain possession of the place.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1783</div> - -<p>Preliminary articles for a treaty of peace having -been signed, hostilities ceased in February, 1783, and -Gibraltar remained one of the gems of the British -Crown, after a determined siege of three years, seven -months, and twelve days, from the commencement -of the blockade.</p> - -<p>Thus terminated the celebrated siege of Gibraltar; -the nations of Europe were struck with admiration of -the gallant defenders of the fortress; the British people -applauded their governor and his brave garrison; and -the officers and soldiers received the thanks of Parliament -and the approbation of their Sovereign.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“In commemoration of the glorious defence made -by the regiments of infantry which composed the -garrison of <span class="smcap">Gibraltar</span> during the late memorable -siege of that fortress,” the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> Regiment -received the royal authority to bear on its regimental -colours the word “<span class="smcap">Gibraltar</span>,” with the device of a -“<span class="smcap">Castle and Key</span>,” and the motto “<i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Montis Insignia -Calpe</i>.”</p> -</div> - -<p>In pursuance of an arrangement made by His -Majesty’s command, the several regiments were at this -period directed to assume <em>County Titles</em>, and to cultivate -a connexion with such parts of the kingdom, with the -view of promoting the recruiting of the army. The -<span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> received the title of the <span class="smcap">West Essex</span> -Regiment.</p> - -<p>In the month of October of this year, the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> -Regiment was relieved at Gibraltar, and embarked<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_22"></a>[22]</span> -for England: having landed at Portsmouth in -December, it marched from thence to Chatham.</p> - -<div class="sidenotex">1784</div> - -<p>In the beginning of 1784 the regiment marched to -St. Albans, and in the spring commenced its route to -Scotland, proceeding first to Glasgow, and afterwards to -Aberdeen.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1785<br />1786</div> - -<p>On the 8th of April, 1785, the regiment commenced -its march from Aberdeen for Fort George, where it -was stationed twelve months, and, in April, 1786, -marched to Perth: in June it proceeded to Edinburgh -Castle.</p> - -<div class="sidenotex">1787</div> - -<p>Leaving Edinburgh in May, 1787, the regiment -proceeded to Ayr, and in September to Glasgow. Its -establishment was reduced from eleven to ten companies.</p> - -<div class="sidenotex">1788<br />1789</div> - -<p>In January, 1788, the regiment embarked from -Glasgow for Ireland, and, landing at Belfast, proceeded -from thence to Galway, where it was stationed during -the following year.</p> - -<div class="sidenotex">1790<br />1791</div> - -<p>From Galway the regiment marched, in the autumn -of 1790, to Dublin, where it was stationed during the -year 1791, its lieutenant-colonel, Colonel Peter Craig, -commanding the garrison.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1792</div> - -<p>From Dublin the regiment marched, in June, 1792, -to Drogheda. In the mean time a revolution of a -violent and dangerous character had taken place in -France, and the French monarch was placed under -restraint. These proceedings, with the attempts made -by the French to promulgate their democratical doctrines -in other countries, appearing to render a war -inevitable, the army was augmented, and two companies -were added to the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> Regiment.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1793</div> - -<p>Several changes of quarters took place in the early -part of 1793. Brevet-Major Valloton, being stationed -with his company at Wexford, was employed, on the -11th of June, 1793, in suppressing a tumult at that<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_23"></a>[23]</span> -place, and, advancing in front of his men, to expostulate -with the rioters, he was cut down by one of the mob -with a scythe; his men fired on the assassin, and several -rioters were killed and wounded. A monument was -erected to the memory of Major Valloton near the town -of Wexford, where the occurrence took place.</p> - -<p>In August the regiment marched to Cork, and was -held in readiness to proceed on foreign service. The -French republicans had added to their other atrocities -the decapitation of their sovereign; war had commenced, -and the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> Regiment was selected -to join an expedition to the West Indies, under General -Sir Charles (afterwards Earl) Grey, to deliver the -French West India islands from the power of the -republicans. The regiment embarked for this service -in November, and sailed for Barbadoes, where it arrived -in January, 1794.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1794</div> - -<p>The flank companies of the regiment were formed in -grenadier and light infantry battalions, and, with the -battalion companies, proceeded against the island of -<em>Martinico</em>. A landing was effected at three different -points in the early part of February, 1794, and some -sharp fighting occurred, in which the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span>, -particularly the flank companies, had the honor to take -part, and in a short period this valuable island was -captured by the British arms. Sir Charles Grey -stated in his despatch,—“The general and field officers -and the commanding officers of corps, have set such -an example of zeal, activity, and animation in this -service, which has been so laudably imitated by all -the officers and soldiers of this little army, that they -merit the greatest praise.”</p> - -<p>Leaving the battalion companies at Martinico, the -flank companies proceeded with the expedition against -<em>St. Lucia</em>, the grenadiers being in the brigade under -Prince Edward (afterwards Duke of Kent), and the light<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_24"></a>[24]</span> -company in that commanded by Major-General Dundas. -The troops employed on this service arrived at St. -Lucia on the 1st of April, and the conquest of that -fine island was achieved in three days.</p> - -<p>The army afterwards proceeded against the island -of <em><ins class="corr" id="tn-24" title="Transcriber’s Note—Original text: 'Guadaloupe'"> -Guadeloupe</ins></em>, and the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> had the honor -to share in this enterprise. A determined resistance -was made by the French republicans; but the island was -captured before the end of April, and the commander -of the forces declared he could not find words to express -“the high sense he entertained of the extraordinary merit -evinced by the officers and soldiers in this service.”</p> - -<p>The regiment was afterwards stationed at Grenada -and Martinico, and a great loss of life having been -sustained from the effects of climate and other causes, -an order was received in October, to transfer the men -of the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span>, fit for duty, to the Sixth, Ninth, -and Fifteenth Regiments.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1795</div> - -<p>On the 3rd of January, 1795, the officers, staff, and -such non-commssioned officers and soldiers as had not -been transferred to other corps embarked from Martinico, -and sailed for England; they arrived at Gravesend -on the 18th of February, and were stationed at -Chatham: active measures were adopted to recruit the -ranks of the regiment.</p> - -<p>After commanding the regiment nearly thirty years, -General Walsh died, and was succeeded in the colonelcy -by Major-General Samuel Hulse, from the lieut.-colonelcy -of the First Foot Guards, by commission, -dated the 7th of March, 1795.</p> - -<p>In September the regiment marched to Gravesend, -where it embarked for Cork, and landed at Spike -Island on the 1st of October.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1796</div> - -<p>Great success had attended the recruiting and training -of the regiment, and although one year only had elapsed -since its return from the West Indies a skeleton, it had<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_25"></a>[25]</span> -attained so perfect a state of discipline and efficiency, that -in the early part of 1796 it proceeded to Barbadoes, from -whence it was detached to St. Domingo, where it served -under Major-General White, by whom it was employed -at the taking of <em>Bombarde</em> in the district of Mole, St. -Nicholas, which was captured, and the works destroyed.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1797</div> - -<p>On the 24th of January, 1797, Major-General Hulse -was removed to the Nineteenth Regiment, and the -colonelcy of the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> was conferred on Major-General -the Hon. Chapple Norton, from the Eighty-first -Regiment.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1798</div> - -<p>In this year the regiment was employed in the district -of Grand Ance in the island of St. Domingo; it -took part in the attack of <em>Port Jack Thomas</em>, and in the -defence of Irois, under Major-General Brent Spencer, -also in the attack made on the town of <em>St. Mary’s</em>, -after which it returned to Port St. Nicholas. When -the island was given up, the regiment proceeded to -Jamaica, where it remained until November, 1798, -when it embarked from Kingston, for England.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1799</div> - -<p>Arriving at Gravesend on the 31st of January, 1799, -the regiment landed, and proceeded to Chatham. It -was afterwards removed to different counties in England, -and active measures were adopted with success to recruit -its diminished numbers.</p> - -<p>At this period a favorable opportunity appeared to -present itself for rescuing Holland from the power of -France, into which it had fallen during the early part of -1795, and a plan of co-operation was concerted between -Great Britain and Russia, in the expectation that the -Dutch would rise against the French, and, aided by the -Anglo-Russian force, would exert themselves to effect -their emancipation. The <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> being selected -to share in this enterprise, joined the troops at Barham -Downs on the 31st of July, and in the middle of September -embarked at Deal for Holland.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_26"></a>[26]</span></p> - -<p>The regiment joined the Anglo-Russian army, under -His Royal Highness the Duke of York, in time to take -a distinguished part in the attack of the enemy’s positions -on the 19th of September. On this occasion the -first operations of the several columns were successful; -but the hopes, which a brilliant commencement -afforded, of a general and decisive victory, were -destroyed by the hasty valour, and the want of that -precaution which the art of war prescribes, on the part -of the Russians under General Hermann, who were -repulsed by an enemy inferior to themselves in numbers -and valour, but superior in science and prudence. -This disaster rendered it necessary for the army to -resume its position. The <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> Regiment had -thirty rank and file killed on this occasion; Captains -King and Gilman, Lieutenant Prater, thirty-three rank -and file, wounded; one serjeant, one drummer, and -fifty-seven rank and file, missing. The Duke of York -stated in his public despatch,—“The gallantry displayed -by the troops engaged—the spirit with which -they overcame every obstacle which nature and art -opposed to them, and the cheerfulness with which -they maintained the fatigues of an action which -lasted, without intermission, from half-past three -o’clock in the morning until five in the afternoon, -are beyond my powers to describe. Their exertions -fully entitle them to the admiration and gratitude of -their king and country.”</p> - -<p>On the 2nd of October a successful attack was made -on the enemy’s positions between Bergen and Egmont-op-Zee; -and the action “was<a id="FNanchor_3" href="#Footnote_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a> sustained by the British -columns under those highly-distinguished officers, -General Sir Ralph Abercromby and Lieut.-General<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_27"></a>[27]</span> -Dundas, whose exertions, as well as the gallantry of -the brave troops they led, cannot have been surpassed -by any former instance of British valour.”</p> - -<p>During the night the enemy fell back; and the -British advance-posts moved forward on the following -day. On the 6th of October the enemy’s posts were -again attacked with success, and the British maintained -a forward position.</p> - -<p>Although the army under the Duke of York was -victorious in its engagements, yet the Dutch people -were not stimulated, by these spirited exertions, to rise -in arms against their oppressors; and several circumstances -having occurred which indicated that the -expedition was not likely to be eventually successful, -the Duke of York resolved to evacuate the country.</p> - -<p>The regiment embarked from North Holland on -the 18th of November, landed at Yarmouth on the -20th, and marched to Chelmsford. In December it -proceeded to Horsham.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1800</div> - -<p>Leaving Horsham on the 26th of January, 1800, the -regiment proceeded to Portsmouth, where it embarked -for Ireland, and landing on the 25th of February, marched -to Kilkenny, from whence it afterwards proceeded to -Clonmel, Fermoy, &c. Two companies, of one hundred -rank and file each, were added to the establishment.</p> - -<p>While at these stations, the regiment was conspicuous -for its correct discipline and efficiency, and -after the usual inspection, on the 29th of October, the -following garrison order was issued:—“Major-General -Sir Charles Ross is happy to have this opportunity -of expressing his approbation of the steadiness and -appearance of the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> Regiment this day, -and returns his thanks to the officers and men for the -zeal and attention which they have displayed on all -occasions since he has had the honor of commanding -them.”</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_28"></a>[28]</span></p> - -<div class="sidenote">1801</div> - -<p>The regiment, after its return from the West Indies, -in the early part of 1799, had been recruited with men -for limited service in Europe; but when the glorious -triumphs of the British army in Egypt, under General -Sir Ralph Abercromby, K.B., were made known to the -corps in general orders, this announcement of splendid -victories, gained by English troops, created so lively an -interest in the regiment, that the soldiers instantly -responded with a tender of service in any quarter of the -globe, which was communicated to the general officer of -the district, Brigadier-General Champagne, by Major -H. S. Keating, commanding the regiment at the time, -in the following terms:</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“<span class="smcap">Sir</span>,—I have the honor to inclose you the offer -of the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> Regiment, of serving in any -part of the world, where His Majesty may deem it -necessary; which I beg you will have the goodness -to lay before his Excellency the Commander-in-chief. -I should consider myself acting with injustice, were I -not to notice the very enthusiastic manner in which -the orders of the 16th May, 1801<a id="FNanchor_4" href="#Footnote_4" class="fnanchor">[4]</a>, of His Royal -Highness the Duke of York, were received, and the -consequent tender of those services excited by a contemplation -of the animated conduct of our gallant -army in Egypt; and I feel a confidence in adding, that -should they be accepted, I have every reliance, that -the spirit and energy of the regiment, will support -with honor the interest of its king and country.”</p> -</div> - -<p>The commander of the forces in Ireland directed the -adjutant-general to convey to the non-commissioned -officers and privates of the regiment, “his thanks and -approbation of their spirited offer of general service, -which is transmitted to His Royal Highness the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_29"></a>[29]</span> -Commander-in-chief, to be laid before the King.” -The Duke of York also communicated “his thanks -to the corps for their spirited and loyal offer to extend -their service to any part of the world.”</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1802</div> - -<p>This tender of service was, however, so speedily -followed by the peace of Amiens, concluded in the -early part of 1802, that no call was made, at this -period, for the regiment to proceed on foreign service. -In October it marched to Limerick.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1803</div> - -<p>Hostilities were resumed in 1803, and Bonaparte’s -threat of invading England was answered by a sudden -assumption of arms throughout the kingdom, which -produced an array of military power, that proved how -highly the British people prized their constitution and -liberties, and deterred the French from quitting their -own coast. The regiment proceeded to Galway in -August, and was afterwards removed to Tuam, Loughrea, -and Kinsale.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1804</div> - -<p>Among the measures adopted to repel the French -invasion, an additional force act was passed in June, -1804; and four hundred of the men, raised under its -provisions, in the county of Surrey, were constituted -the <em>second battalion</em> of the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> Regiment; -they were embodied at Farnham, and the battalion was -placed on the establishment of the army on the 25th -of December, 1804: it was augmented soon afterwards -to six hundred and fifty-six non-commissioned officers -and soldiers.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1805</div> - -<p>The first battalion remained in Ireland until -January, 1805, when it embarked at Kinsale for the -Isle of Wight, where its establishment was augmented -to one thousand rank and file, which was speedily completed, -and in April it embarked in three divisions for -the East Indies: it landed at Bombay in August, and -was stationed at that city several years.</p> - -<p>In May the second battalion left Farnham, and was<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_30"></a>[30]</span> -stationed a short time at the barracks at Forton and -Gosport; in August it proceeded to the Isle of Wight, -where a pair of colours was presented to it on the -28th of November. Its establishment was augmented -in December to eight hundred and sixty-six non-commissioned -officers and soldiers.</p> - -<div class="sidenotex">1806</div> - -<p>From the Isle of Wight the second battalion proceeded -to Guernsey, in March, 1806, and its establishment -was fixed at a thousand rank and file.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1807<br />1808</div> - -<p>After remaining at Guernsey twelve months, the -second battalion returned to the Isle of Wight: it was -in a high state of discipline and efficiency, and in June -it embarked in two divisions for India. The fleet -encountered a severe gale of wind, and the vessels -of the first division parted company, and put into -Simon’s Bay to refit. They remained at the Cape of -Good Hope a month, and afterwards continued the -voyage to Madras, where they arrived in December, -under convoy of the Greyhound frigate. On arrival in -India the several companies proceeded to Bombay, -where both battalions were stationed in 1808: the -success which attended the recruiting of the regiment, -occasioning the establishment of the first battalion to -be augmented to thirteen hundred non-commissioned -officers and soldiers.</p> - -<div class="sidenotex">1809</div> - -<p>In January, 1809, the second battalion marched to -Barachie, near Surat.</p> - -<p>Meanwhile British commerce had experienced considerable -interruption and some loss from the French -naval force stationed in the Indian Sea, which force -rendezvoused at the Island of Bourbon, and the Isle of -France (or the Mauritius). In January two hundred men -of the first battalion were detached from Bombay, to join -the troops assembling at the Island of Roderigue, under -Lieut.-Colonel Keating, of the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> Regiment, -for the attack of the French islands in the Indian Sea.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_31"></a>[31]</span></p> - -<p>While this detachment of the first battalion was on -the voyage, four companies of the second battalion -marched to Baroda, under the orders of Captain -D. Daly, and joined the force assembling at that place, -under Lieut.-Colonel Walker, for the reduction of the -fort of <em>Mallia</em>, in Kattawar, which was the stronghold -of a numerous body of marauders, who plundered and -devastated the surrounding territory, and had successfully -resisted the attacks of powerful native chiefs, -which had procured for their fort the reputation of -being impregnable. The position was naturally strong, -the fortifications good, the garrison, being fully aware -of the approach of the British troops, was prepared, -and, to gain additional security, had surrounded the -wall with a strong embankment of earth and thorns.</p> - -<p>After a long and fatiguing march the British troops -arrived before Mallia on the 6th of July; and the garrison -returning a vaunting answer to the summons to surrender, -the fire of the artillery commenced on the following -day, and a practicable breach was effected in a few hours.</p> - -<p>At four o’clock in the afternoon the storming party, -of which the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> furnished a proportion of -one hundred and fifty rank and file, advanced; the -forlorn hope being under the command of Captain -McKenzie, of the Bombay European Regiment, who -was gallantly supported by Lieutenant Newman of the -<span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span>, a volunteer on the occasion. Rushing -forward with heroic valour, the soldiers soon forced the -breach, and in less than three-quarters of an hour they -were in possession of the greater part of the town. As -they advanced, the resistance became more determined; -the banditti fighting with great spirit, and eventually -retiring into an inner fort, which was inaccessible to -an assault; when, the evening being far advanced, operations -ceased for the night. Before the following -morning the defenders of Mallia withdrew through a<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_32"></a>[32]</span> -sally port, and fled; a few men remaining to keep up -an occasional fire, and these retired before daylight; -when the fort was occupied by the British troops.</p> - -<p>This place having been accounted by the natives of -the Kattawar as impregnable, its early reduction, with -the cool and steady valour by which it was carried, -filled with astonishment and admiration the several -vakeels of the different chieftains, who were in attendance -on Lieut.-Colonel Walker, and afforded them -proof of the irresistible effects of British discipline, -skill, and prowess. This afterwards operated beneficially -in producing the organization of so rude and -uncivilized a tract of country, as the greater part of -the peninsula of Guzerat then was.</p> - -<p>In the general orders issued on this occasion, it was -stated:—“To Captain D. Daly, the officers and men of -the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> Regiment, the commanding officer -returns his particular acknowledgments; they have -nobly supported the reputation of the senior battalion, -in all the characteristics of good soldiers.” ... “The -commanding officer cannot omit the expression of -his warmest acknowledgments to Captain Arnot, of -the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> Regiment, for his exertions at the -erection of the batteries, and for his conduct at the -storm; and it would be injustice to withhold his -thanks to Lieutenant Newman, for his spirited support -of Captain McKenzie in the advanced party.”</p> - -<p>The casualties, amounting to eighty-two killed and -wounded, prove the arduous nature of the enterprise; -and of this number the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> Regiment had -six rank and file killed; Captain Arnot, and twelve -rank and file wounded. In December the troops were -ordered to return to their former stations, and the -detachment of the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> rejoined the head-quarters -of the second battalion at Barachie.</p> - -<p>Meanwhile the party of the first battalion at the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_33"></a>[33]</span> -Isle of Roderigue had sailed from thence with the forces -under Lieut.-Colonel Keating, to co-operate with the -British navy in blockading the Isles of France and -Bourbon, and in attacking the enemy’s ports. At five -o’clock on the morning of the 21st of September, six -hundred men landed in three columns, seven miles -from the port of <em>St. Paul’s</em>, in the Isle of Bourbon, then -called by the French the Isle of Bonaparte, and by a -forced march crossed a causeway extending over the -lake, before the enemy discovered their disembarkation -or approach to the town; they also passed the enemy’s -strongest position by seven o’clock, and gained possession -of two batteries before the enemy could form in -force. Captain Imlack, of the Bombay Native Infantry, -was detached with one hundred and fifty men to take -possession of a third battery; and on his way he encountered -the French forces, concentrated behind a stone -wall, with eight field-pieces on their flanks. This post -was instantly attacked in a most gallant manner; Captain -Hanna of the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> Regiment arrived with -the third column, and charging, captured two guns; -and Captain Forbes, of the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> Regiment, -advancing with the reserve, the enemy was compelled -to retreat with the loss of his artillery. A few men -were detached in pursuit; two additional batteries were -captured, and by half-past eight o’clock the town, batteries, -magazines, eight brass field-pieces, and one hundred -and seventeen new iron guns, were in possession of the -British troops: at the same time the enemy’s shipping -were forced to surrender to the British naval force. Thus -was accomplished a most brilliant exploit, in a few hours, -and it reflected great credit on the commanding officer, -Lieut.-Colonel <span class="smcap">Keating</span>, of the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span>, and on -all the troops engaged. The loss of the regiment was -one serjeant, and five rank and file killed; one serjeant -and twenty-six rank and file wounded.</p> - -<p>The town being commanded by the British naval<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_34"></a>[34]</span> -force, the troops returned on board the fleet; part of -the enemy’s stores and the guns were destroyed; the -remainder were embarked on board the company’s -recaptured ship Streatham, which, with the Europe, -were placed under their former commanders. In -October the troops sailed for the Isle of Roderigue. -The conduct of Ensign Pearce, of the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> -Regiment, was highly commended in the public despatch -of Lieut.-Colonel Keating.</p> - -<p>In the beginning of this year, a detachment of the -regiment, under Lieutenant John Elliot Cairnes, performed -duty as marines, in the Indian Sea, on board of -His Majesty’s ship Psyche, which was engaged in the -war with the Rajah of Travancore, who governed a -populous province at the south-west extremity of Hindoostan. -This province was indebted for its independence -to the valour of British troops, who rescued it -from the power of Tippoo Sultan, when the forces of -the Mysore had overrun the country, in 1790; and -in 1795 a treaty of alliance was concluded with the -rajah, who engaged to subsidize three battalions -of British Sepoys for the defence of his dominions. -Some disputes arising from the payments to be made -in consequence of this treaty, produced war; the British -Sepoys stationed at Quilon were menaced with annihilation; -the house of the resident, Colonel C. Macauly, -at Cochin, was attacked; and the Twelfth and Nineteenth -British regiments were suddenly ordered to the -scene of contest. A detachment of the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span>, -on board the Piedmontaise frigate, were employed in -services connected with the safety of the troops at -Quilon, and the preservation of the life of the British -resident. This frigate cannonaded the port of Aleppi, -where a party of the Twelfth Foot had been treacherously -seized, their wrists broken with a heavy piece of iron, -their hands tied behind them, and after lying several -days in a dungeon, were precipitated from a rock into<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_35"></a>[35]</span> -the sea. This detachment of the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> landed -at Quilon, under Lieutenant Warren, to co-operate in -the preservation of the life of the British resident, who -had escaped from Cochin. The services of the detachment -under Lieutenant Cairnes, on board of the Psyche, -were connected with the operations of the army under -Brigadier-General the Honorable A. St. Leger; and -under the cover of the frigate’s broadside, the soldiers -of the regiment stormed and captured a strong battery, -commanding <em>Colatchi Bay</em>; thus co-operating in the -capture of <em>Travandrum</em>, the capital, which reduced the -refractory Rajah of Travancore to submission.</p> - -<p>Measures for enforcing a system of economy, having -interfered with the emoluments which British officers -in the command of native regiments had been accustomed -to receive, from the contract for supplying their -corps with camp equipment, the civil and military -authorities of Madras became opposed to each other; -from this misunderstanding resulted serious disaffection -and disobedience of orders in the native army; -and the head-quarters and companies of the first -battalion of the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> at Bombay, were suddenly -ordered to Madras. They embarked on board -the Cornwallis frigate and two transports, on the 30th -of July, under secret orders, and landed at Madras -on the 11th of August, before any disclosure of the -approach of this reinforcement had reached the army -of that presidency. The governor addressed a communication -to the regiment on this occasion, in which -he stated he felt—“particular satisfaction that the -selection for this delicate service had fallen to the first -battalion of the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> Regiment, whose distinguished -and characteristic zeal for the maintenance -of professional subordination to the authority of legal -government, must so powerfully <ins class="corr" id="tn-35" title="Transcriber’s Note—Original text: 'tend to recal'"> -tend to recall</ins> the misguided to a sense of their duty.”</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_36"></a>[36]</span></p> - -<p>The regiment proceeded to the Marmalong camp immediately, -and after the return of the native corps to their -duty, it received the thanks of the Governor in Council, -in general orders,—“for the manner in which His Majesty’s -officers and soldiers, who rallied round the cause -of government, loyalty, and duty, conducted themselves.” -In October the battalion proceeded to Bellary.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1810</div> - -<p>These troubles being suppressed, the governor-general -conceived the idea of clearing the Indian Ocean -of all that was hostile to Great Britain, and a considerable -force was placed under the orders of Lieut.-Colonel -Keating, of the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span>, including a strong detachment -of the first battalion of the regiment, for the capture -of the Island of <em>Bourbon</em>. On this occasion Lieut.-Colonel -Keating resolved to make his first attack on the -capital, in the expectation that, with its capture, the reduction -of the island would be accomplished. A landing -was effected at Grand Chaloupe on the 7th of July, -1810; and Captain Hanna was detached with two companies -of the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> to <em>La Possessime</em>, “the batteries -of which place he took by assault in the most -gallant manner<a id="FNanchor_5" href="#Footnote_5" class="fnanchor">[5]</a>;” and with the trifling loss of two -men killed, and two wounded: thus proving the advantage -of making attacks with spirit and resolution. All -the troops of the expedition conducting themselves with -heroic ardour, the opposition of the enemy was speedily -overcome, and the conquest of the island accomplished -in so short a period of time, that Lieutenant-Colonel -Keating stated in his public despatch,—“In -all the operations the troops evinced the native -energy and gallantry of Britons, and in a few hours -this rich, extensive, and valuable colony was added -to the British dominions.” Lieutenant Mallet and a -party of the regiment, proceeded with the French troops -which had surrendered, to the Cape of Good Hope.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_37"></a>[37]</span></p> - -<p>Additional troops arriving at this part of the Indian -Ocean, Major-General J. Abercromby assumed the -command, and an expedition proceeded against the -<em>Isle of France</em>, which was afterwards restored to its -original designation of the <em>Mauritius</em>, and the detachment -of the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> Regiment had the honor -to serve in this enterprise; the party which proceeded, -under Lieutenant Mallet, in charge of French prisoners -to the Cape, arriving in time to take part in this service. -A landing was effected in the Bay of Mapon on -the 29th of November, and the troops advanced through -a thick wood, when some skirmishing occurred, and -Lieut.-Colonel Keating, of the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> Regiment, -and twelve men of the piquet, were wounded. Penetrating -the open country on the following day, the -troops experienced great inconvenience from the want -of water, and halted at the streams of the powder-mills, -five miles from Port Louis. After passing the night at -this place, they resumed the march, and were opposed -in their progress by a strong body of the enemy, when -some severe fighting occurred, in which the British -soldiers were triumphant: the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> Regiment -had five men killed and several wounded.</p> - -<p>Pursuing their victorious career, the British troops -advanced to the enemy’s lines; and on the following -morning the French Commander, General de Caen, -proposed to capitulate; thus was this valuable colony -wrested from the enemy, and it has continued to form -part of the possessions of the British crown to the -present time.</p> - -<p>During this year the star of Britain shone bright on -the naval and colonial affairs of this great maritime -power, whose enemies were deprived of the last establishment -which they had possessed beyond the Cape of -Good Hope, and the Pompadours had the honor of -sharing in these brilliant adventures.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_38"></a>[38]</span></p> - -<p>The second battalion remained at Barachia; and so -successful was the recruiting of the regiment, under the -influence and zealous efforts of its colonel, Lieut.-General -the Hon. Chapple Norton, that the establishment of the -second battalion was augmented to one thousand three -hundred and six non-commissioned officers and soldiers; -making the number of the two battalions in India, two -thousand six hundred and twelve, and, notwithstanding -the casualties of war and climate, the effectives approximated -the establishment. A strong detachment of volunteers -from the militia, to the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span>, arriving in -India in May, was stationed at the Portuguese establishment -at Goa.</p> - -<p>The detachment under Lieutenant Cairnes continued -to serve as marines.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1811</div> - -<p>In March, 1811, the party from Goa joined the -head-quarters of the first battalion at Bellary; and -towards the close of the year, Lieut.-Colonel Keating -returned with the detachment from the capture of Bourbon -and the Mauritius. The Honorable the East India -Company expressed its sense of the valuable services of -the regiment, by presenting the first battalion with a -pair of new colours, during its stay at Bellary.</p> - -<p>This year the second battalion returned to Bombay.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1812</div> - -<p>In May, 1812, Lieut.-Colonel Kingscote arrived -from England, and took the command of the second -battalion; which, in October, marched from the town -barracks, Bombay, to the pendals on Colabah.</p> - -<p>The first battalion quitted Bellary, and in September -joined the field-force assembled in the southern -Mahratta country, under the command of Colonel -Dowse, of the East India Company’s Service, for the -purpose of enforcing the payment of the arrears of the -customary tribute, withheld by the Ranee of Raree; -and took part in all the operations consequent upon -the performance of this duty.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_39"></a>[39]</span></p> - -<div class="sidenote">1813</div> - -<p>Two companies of the second battalion were ordered -to garrison Surat, in February, 1813; and the head-quarters -embarked for the Guzerat, where they arrived -at the Dutch Bundes in Surat on the 9th of March; -and owing to the bad and unhealthy state of these -quarters, the battalion was removed in April, to Domus, -where it was encamped: but re-occupied the Dutch -Bundes in June, with two companies at Surat.</p> - -<p>Four companies were detached, in the same month, -under the command of Captain Barrington, to join -the Guicwar’s subsidiary force, under the orders of -Colonel Holmes, of the East India Company’s service. -On the third day the four companies marched -from Khim to Oclasceer, a distance of eighteen miles, -the last six of which were across an arid plain, destitute -of shelter, and exposed to an unusual degree of heat, -when many men fell from complete exhaustion; three -died where they fell; and seven others expired during -the day, after they had been removed to quarters by the -natives. These four companies were followed, in September, -by two others, under Lieut.-Colonel Kingscote -who assumed the command of the six companies with -the force under Colonel Holmes, which was employed -in operations for the re-establishment of the rightful -heir to the throne, which had been usurped by the -uncle. On the 15th of November this force took possession -of the fort of <em>Palampore</em>, which the Scindians -had evacuated early in the morning. The troops -remained in the neighbourhood of this place until the -end of the year, when the companies of the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> -marched back to the camp at Domus, where -the Guzerat fever deprived the corps of many valuable -soldiers.</p> - -<p>Notwithstanding its numerous losses, the recruiting -of the regiment was conducted with great success, under -the influence and zealous efforts of its colonel, and its -ranks received a constant supply of young men, many<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_40"></a>[40]</span> -of them from the county of Surrey. At this period -the war in Europe had attained a crisis: the British -forces had triumphed in Portugal and Spain, and had -forced the barrier of the Pyrenees and penetrated -France; the Emperor Napoleon had lost a numerous -army in the north; the forces of Russia, Austria, -Prussia, and the German States, were in arms against -him; and a powerful effort promised complete success -to the cause of the allies. Measures were adopted to -augment the British army at this interesting period; -and the facility with which the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> had been -recruited, holding out the prospect that its establishment -might be increased, a warrant was issued by the -Prince Regent in the early part of November, for adding -a <em>third battalion</em> to the corps. This battalion was -embodied at Horsham, its establishment was six hundred -and fifty non-commissioned officers and soldiers, and -its ranks were so speedily completed with disciplined -men, by volunteers from the militia, &c., that in one -month from the date of the order for its formation, it -was ready for foreign service. At this period a body of -British troops proceeded to Holland, under Lieutenant-General -Sir Thomas Graham (late Lord Lynedoch), to -co-operate with the forces of the allied sovereigns, and -the third battalion of the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> embarked for -this service at Ramsgate, on the 9th of December, -under the orders of Lieut.-Colonel John Frederick -Brown; it was posted to the third brigade, commanded -by Major-General Sir Herbert Taylor; the British -troops were concentrated in and near Williamstadt.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1814</div> - -<p>About the same period the first battalion took the -field in India, and formed part of the force assembled -at Goute, from whence it proceeded against <em>Canool</em>, -where it arrived on the 25th of December, and batteries -were erected during the night, but a flag of truce being -sent out on the following morning, hostilities ceased. -The battalion was also at the reduction of the fort of<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_41"></a>[41]</span> -<em>Raree</em>, Goosecull; and passed the monsoon in quarters -at Cataubaugy; afterwards returning to Goute, it was -relieved in the field by the second battalion of the -Royals; it had lost three hundred and fifty men from -disease, and was so reduced, that it was ordered to -return to Bellary; it subsequently marched to Fort St. -George, Madras.</p> - -<p>The third battalion did not remain many days in -quarters in Holland before it was employed in active -operations, in consequence of a request of the Prussian -general, Bulow, that the British would make a forward -movement upon <em>Antwerp</em>, to favour his operations; -the English general accordingly advanced to make a -reconnoissance, and approaching that fortress on the -13th of January, attacked a body of French troops at -the village of <em>Merxem</em>. On this occasion the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> -supported the Seventy-eighth Highlanders, in a -charge with the bayonet, on a French column, which was -driven from its ground. The <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> were engaged -in a sharp skirmish, and had four men killed and fourteen -wounded. The object of this movement having been -accomplished, the British troops marched to Rosendael.</p> - -<p>A serious attack on Antwerp was afterwards concerted, -and General Bulow engaged to support the -British with his Prussian corps. An advance was -accordingly made, and on the 2nd of February the -English again approached the village of Merxem, -where a numerous body of French troops were stationed, -and had fortified their post. The light troops commenced -skirmishing about nine o’clock in the morning; -and the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span>, having cleared the wood on the -right and left, formed line and advanced; when they -were ordered by Sir Thomas Graham, in person, to -move to the right,—charge through the village,—ford -the dike on the other side,—take the enemy’s battery,—and -attack them on the left of their line. These orders<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_42"></a>[42]</span> -were gallantly executed, and two guns, which had -annoyed the advance, were captured. The <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> -sustained some loss from the enemy’s fire, and had -several men drowned in crossing the dike; but they -succeeded in gaining the left flank of the enemy, and -were warmly engaged until the French retired under -the guns of Antwerp, when they pursued until recalled, -and ordered to take post under the embankment of St. -Ferdinand’s dike, which was not accomplished before -several round shot had passed through the ranks. The -regiment had thirteen rank and file killed; Ensign -Sparks, and twenty-four rank and file wounded. Lieut.-General -Sir Thomas Graham stated in his despatch,—“All -the troops engaged behaved with the usual spirit -and intrepidity of British soldiers;” and the conduct -of Lieut.-Colonel Brown of the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> was particularly -noticed.</p> - -<p>After this success the British troops were employed -in constructing a breastwork and battery, and the -<span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> took their share in this labour, the men -working all night. On the 3rd of February, several -pieces of heavy ordnance opened upon the city of -Antwerp, and on the French shipping in the Scheldt, -and the cannonade was continued until the 6th, the -<span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> taking their turn in the trenches, and -being under fire each day; but General Bulow having -received orders to march southward, to act with the -grand army of the allies, it became necessary to -relinquish the attack on Antwerp, when the British -retired towards Breda,—the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> halting a -few days at Rysburg, ten miles from Breda.</p> - -<p>In the beginning of March the battalion again -moved towards Antwerp, and was employed in services -connected with preventing the enemy throwing a relief -into <em>Bergen-op-Zoom</em>, which fortress Sir Thomas Graham -had resolved to attack; and the battalion afterwards<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_43"></a>[43]</span> -made a forced march towards that place, where it arrived -in time to witness the failure of the attack. The -services of the battalion were afterwards connected with -the operations against Antwerp, and preventing supplies -of provision and troops joining the garrison.</p> - -<p>In the mean time Napoleon was pressed on every side -by overwhelming numbers, which he was not able to -withstand, and he was forced to abdicate the throne of -France. Peace was restored, and the battalion of the -<span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> marched into Antwerp; from whence it -proceeded to Ostend, where it embarked for England in -September, and landing at Deal, marched to Sheerness.</p> - -<p>The army being reduced on the restoration of peace, -the third battalion was disbanded at Sheerness on the -24th of October; its men fit for service being transferred -to the first and second battalions in India, for which -country they embarked about three months afterwards.</p> - -<p>The second battalion continued to suffer severely -from disease at the camp at Domus; its loss from -March 1813, to December 1814, amounting to three -hundred and twenty-nine non-commissioned officers -and soldiers. The conduct of the men, during this -distressing period, called forth the approbation of the -commander of the district, expressed in division orders, -in the strongest terms. During the year, it proceeded -to Barachia, subsequently embarked for Bombay, and -after occupying the pendals at Colabah a short period, -marched into Fort George barracks.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1815</div> - -<p>Considerable improvement having taken place in -the health of the men, the second battalion embarked -for Panwell in January, 1815, and mustered upwards of -nine hundred non-commissioned officers and soldiers; -it joined the Poonah subsidiary force under Colonel -Lionel Smith, encamped on the celebrated plain of -Assaye, where the troops remained until the 27th of -February, when they marched northward. In May<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_44"></a>[44]</span> -they entered cantonments at Jaulna, where they remained -during the monsoon, and in August marched -in three divisions to Seroor, from whence the grenadier -and rifle companies proceeded to Poonah under Colonel -Smith, who left Lieut.-Colonel Kingscote in command -at Seroor: these companies returned in October.</p> - -<p>In the mean time occurrences in Europe had -occasioned the removal of the first battalion from -Madras. The sudden return of Bonaparte to France, -and the astonishing facility with which he regained -temporary possession of the throne of that kingdom, -was followed by a manifested disposition to revolt on the -part of the French settlers at the Mauritius, and the -first battalion of the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span>, which had been -joined by three hundred men from the third, embarked -on board the Salsette frigate, and the company’s ships -Rose and Streatham, to reinforce the garrison at that -station, on which occasion the following general order -was issued:—</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p>“His Majesty’s <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> Regiment being -under orders to embark on service at a considerable -distance from the presidency, the Right Honorable -the Governor cannot refrain expressing his warmest -approbation of the uniform good conduct of the -regiment, while it remained in garrison at Fort St. -George, under the able command of Colonel Barclay, -assisted by the zealous exertions of a distinguished -corps of officers; and the Right Honorable the -Governor begs leave to assure Colonel Barclay, and -the officers of the regiment, that he participates in -the sentiments of regret, felt by the settlement at -large, for the loss sustained, in the circles of social -life, by their departure.”</p> -</div> - -<p>During the voyage the ships were separated by a -violent hurricane, and each supposed the other lost; -but they arrived safe at Port Louis, where they were<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_45"></a>[45]</span> -stationed until November, when they marched to -Mahebourg. The overthrow of Bonaparte on the field -of Waterloo, and the restoration of peace, removed -all cause of apprehension for the tranquillity of the -Mauritius at that period.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1816</div> - -<p>The second battalion again took the field with the -Poonah subsidiary force, in the early part of 1816; and -in May it went into cantonments at Jaulna; from -whence Lieut.-Colonel Kingscote, of the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span>, -was detached in September, with a light battalion, -comprising part of the regiment, in pursuit of a native -chief, called Trimbuckjee Dainglia, who had murdered -the minister of state of Guzerat, escaped from prison, -and was suspected of a design to assemble a force on -the frontiers of the dominions of his late sovereign, the -Peishwa. The pursuit of this chieftain occasioned the -soldiers many fatiguing marches, and on one occasion -the fortified village of Nimgaum, on the banks of the -Peera, was surrounded in the expectation that the chief -was there; but when, on the advance of the artillery, -the inhabitants opened the gates, he could not be -found: the pursuit was afterwards discontinued, and -the detachment re-joined the Poonah subsidiary force -at Seroor, whither it had been removed from Jaulna in -October. At the close of active operations, Colonel -Lionel Smith expressed the high opinion he entertained -of the battalion, in division orders, dated Seroor, 31st -of October, in the following terms:—“There is no -language of praise, or thanks, Colonel Smith could -feel to be too strong in describing the merits of such -a corps.”</p> - -<p>In August the first battalion returned to Port St. -Louis; and about a month afterwards so serious a conflagration -occurred at that place, that the destruction -of the town appeared inevitable; but this calamity was -averted by the efforts of the soldiers of the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span>,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_46"></a>[46]</span> -who prevented the fire communicating to the -government buildings, and thus saved the town: two -men of the regiment lost their lives, in attempting to -arrest the progress of the flames. The daring conduct of -Serjeant <span class="smcap">James Hasty</span> was particularly conspicuous -and successful in checking the progress of the flames; -and the governor expressed the following opinion of his -merits in a letter to Colonel Barclay:—“I conscientiously -believe, that it was in a great measure owing to -Serjeant <span class="smcap">Hasty</span>, of your regiment, that the whole -town of Port Louis was not swallowed by the flames. -His persevering fortitude and intrepid confidence -enabled him to save the government house, by -remaining among the flames when most others had -despaired; and it is universally allowed, that had the -government house been burned, the remainder of the -town must immediately have followed, and the whole -population of Port Louis left houseless among the -smoking ruins<a id="FNanchor_6" href="#Footnote_6" class="fnanchor">[6]</a>.”</p> - -<p>The peace of Europe appearing to be established -upon a sound foundation, a considerable reduction was -made in the strength of the British army, and the second -battalions of regiments were directed to be disbanded: -the second battalion of the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> was consequently -ordered to march to Bombay in November.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1817</div> - -<p>On the 7th of January, 1817, the following general -order was issued:—“His Majesty’s second battalion -of the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> Regiment, being under orders for<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_47"></a>[47]</span> -embarkation for Europe, affords an opportunity to -the Right Honorable the Governor in Council, of -expressing his approbation of the conduct of that -valuable corps, whilst serving on the establishment of -this presidency, and as a testimonial of the sense -entertained of its important services in this country, -is pleased to allow three months full batta to be -issued to the officers of the battalion, previous to -their departure from India.”</p> - -<p>Four hundred men volunteered to remain in India, -and transferred their services to the Sixty-fifth Regiment: -and on the 9th of January, the battalion companies -embarked for England. They landed at Liverpool in -May, marched to Rochester, and were disbanded at that -place on the 25th of June. The flank companies left -Bombay in July, landed at Portsmouth on the 10th of -December, and were disbanded at Chatham on the -29th of that month.</p> - -<p>The regiment left Port Louis on the 1st of March, -for Flacq, and in July to Mahebourg, where it received -the colours of the late second battalion. It was -employed in patrolling and other duties for the suppression -of the slave trade.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1818</div> - -<p>After commanding the regiment twenty-one years, -General the Honorable Chapple Norton died; and was -succeeded in the colonelcy by Lieut.-General Sir John -Murray, Baronet, from the third West India Regiment, -by commission dated the 31st of March, 1818.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1819</div> - -<p>In July, 1819, the regiment returned to Port Louis, -where it was inspected by Major-General Darling, who -stated in orders dated the 16th of August,—“The inspection -has afforded the Major-General much real satisfaction. -A finer body of men than compose this regiment -is perhaps nowhere to be seen; they are clean -and soldier-like in appearance, well appointed, and in -no respect deficient: in short, the care and attention<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_48"></a>[48]</span> -of Lieut.-Colonel Barclay, and of the officers, and the -good disposition of the men, are evident, and could -alone have led to the state in which the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> -Regiment now is.”</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1820<br />1826</div> - -<p>The regiment was stationed successively at Port -Louis and Mahebourg until 1826, when, after upwards -of twenty years’ service abroad, it embarked at Port -Louis for England, on which occasion the governor -stated in general orders, dated the 27th March,—“If circumstances -should again call for his Excellency’s services -in the field, he will feel happy in having the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> -Regiment placed under his orders, as experience -has fully proved to him, that a corps distinguished -for good conduct in quarters, is always to be the -most depended upon in the presence of the enemy.”</p> - -<p>After landing at Portsmouth in June, the regiment -marched to Cumberland Fort; in September it embarked -at Portsmouth for Hull, where it joined the depôt -companies.</p> - -<div class="sidenotex">1827</div> - -<p>In January, 1827, the regiment quitted Hull for -Manchester, and in October it marched to Liverpool, -where it embarked for Dublin.</p> - -<p>On the 29th of October Sir John Murray died, and -King George the Fourth was pleased to confer the -colonelcy of the regiment on Lieut.-General Matthew -Lord Aylmer.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1828</div> - -<p>New colours bearing the words “<span class="smcap">Moro</span>” and -“<span class="smcap">Gibraltar</span>;” with the device of a <span class="smcap">Castle</span> and -<span class="smcap">Key</span>, and the motto <i lang="la" xml:lang="la">Montis Insignia Calpe</i>, (which had -been confirmed to the corps on the 27th of December, -1827, in consequence of an application from Colonel -Barclay,) were presented to the regiment, with the usual -solemnities, on the 4th of April, 1828.</p> - -<div class="sidenotex">1829</div> - -<p>In May the regiment marched to Londonderry; in -the autumn the head-quarters were removed to Newry; -and in August, 1829, to Birr.</p> - -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_49"></a>[49]</span></p> - -<p>In the year 1829, His Majesty’s government deemed -it necessary to direct courts of inquiry to be instituted -in the several regiments, in consequence of numerous -frauds having been committed by certain soldiers, who, -on being discharged, had given false statements of their -ages, dates of enlistment, and of the periods of their -former services, by which many had obtained undue -rates of pension, and had thus imposed on their commanding -officers, and on the bounty of their sovereign -and country.</p> - -<p>The court held to investigate the books of the -<span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> Regiment reported, that the description-book -had been well kept, and afforded a practical -example of a system which it was proposed to adopt -generally, namely, to give each man on joining a regiment -<em>a number</em>, to be marked on his attestation, and -placed against his name in the description, and other -record-books of the regiment; that the book of the -<span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> Regiment contained nearly two thousand -names, the plan and arrangement of which were highly -creditable to the zeal and industry of Colonel Barclay, -and that few instances of error, or of fraud, had been -detected.</p> - -<p>The court concluded their report with a well-merited -compliment to Colonel Barclay, whose long -service in the regiment had been characterized by zeal -and attention to his duties. This report was submitted -to the Secretary at War, and Sir Henry Hardinge signified -to the General Commanding in Chief, Lord Hill, -his cordial concurrence in the observations made by the -court, so highly honourable to Colonel Barclay, and -his lordship directed it to be announced, that, in the -midst of the irregularities which had been made manifest -by the investigations of these courts of inquiry in -the several corps, it was peculiarly gratifying to him to -bear testimony to the successful and unremitting exertions<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_50"></a>[50]</span> -of Colonel Barclay, which, while they reflected -credit upon him, proved that, with diligence and a due -adherence to regulations, the disreputable errors and -frauds, which had been discovered in other regiments, -could not have been effected<a id="FNanchor_7" href="#Footnote_7" class="fnanchor">[7]</a>.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1830<br />1831<br />1832</div> - -<p>In March, 1830, the regiment proceeded to Limerick; -in June, 1831, to Fermoy; and in November to -Cork, where arrangements were made for transferring -its services to Jamaica, for which island six service -companies embarked in the first week of December -under Lieut.-Colonel H. H. Prichard. They were -detained some time by contrary winds; but sailed on -the 26th, and arriving at Port Royal in February, 1832, -landed and were stationed at Up Park Camp.</p> - -<p>Lord Aylmer was removed to the Eighteenth (Royal -Irish) Foot on the 23rd of July, and King William the -Fourth was pleased to nominate Lieut.-General Sir -Hudson Lowe, K.C.B., from the Ninety-third Highlanders -to the colonelcy of the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> Regiment.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1833<br />1834<br />1835<br />1836<br />1837</div> - -<p>In April, 1833, the regiment proceeded to Spanish -Town, with two companies to Fort Augusta; in May, -1834, it embarked for Falmouth, at the north side of the -island; and was stationed at that place, with detachments -at Phenix Park, Sans Souci, and Montego Bay, -during the years 1835 and 1836; and in January, 1837, -it quitted the north side of the island, and was stationed -at Up Park Camp, where it sustained the loss of three -officers and sixty men from yellow fever.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1838<br />1839</div> - -<p>The head-quarters were removed to Fort Augusta<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_51"></a>[51]</span> -in March, 1838, and the health of the men was much -improved; in January, 1839, they were removed to -Spanish Town; but returned to Fort Augusta in -August, and furnished detachments at Port Antonio, -Up Park Camp, Port Royal, &c.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1840</div> - -<p>Leaving Jamaica in March, 1840, the regiment -sailed on board Her Majesty’s ship Apollo, for North -America, passing within sight of the Havannah,—the -scene of its former gallant exploits,—and arriving at -Halifax, where it was detained ten days in consequence -of the navigation of the river St. Lawrence being closed -by the ice. On the 24th of April it again put to sea, -and arrived at Quebec, on the 7th of May. At this -period the Maine and New Brunswick boundary question -affected the amicable relations between Great -Britain and the United States; and the extensive system -of aggression pursued by the people of the State of -Maine, rendered certain defensive arrangements necessary -for the protection of the interests of the British -subjects. The ship conveying the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> to -Quebec had not been at anchor two hours when Lieutenant -Turner and thirty men landed at Point Levi, and -were sent forward in caleshes, with orders to proceed -by forced marches to the disputed territory, and relieve -a detachment of the Eleventh Regiment at Lake -Temiscouata. This party was followed by three companies -under Major Palmer, on the 9th of May, to -occupy Rivière du Loup, Fort Ingall on Lake Temiscouata, -and Degelé. The march of the detachment -from Rivière du Loup to the two latter places by the -Grand Portage, a dreary pass of thirty-six miles through -a dense forest, across an uninhabited country, by a road -in the worst possible order, consequent on the breaking -up of a Canadian winter, with mud and water frequently -up to the knees, proved very trying to soldiers just -arrived from a tropical climate, and having been fifty-six<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_52"></a>[52]</span> -days on board of ship. The remainder of the -regiment proceeded up the river Saint Lawrence to -Sorel, leaving the light company at Three Rivers. -On the third of June Lieut.-Colonel William H. -Eden arrived with a strong detachment from the depôt -companies, and assumed the command of the regiment.</p> - -<div class="figcenter illowp59" id="i_052" style="max-width: 40.625em;"> - <img class="w100" src="images/i_052.jpg" alt="" /> - <div class="caption">FIFTY-SIXTH REGIMENT OF FOOT.</div> -</div> - -<p>On the 27th of November, the light company, -mustering one hundred men, marched for the Madawaska -settlement, under Lieut.-Colonel Wm. H. Eden, -in consequence of the Americans having offered insults -to the warden and magistrates there, and intimated a -design to take forcible possession of that part of the -country. After traversing two hundred miles of bleak -country, covered with snow, in cars, sleighs, &c., the -thermometer varying from zero to twenty below, the -company arrived at its destination without a casualty.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1841</div> - -<p>The head-quarters were removed to Chambly, in -June, 1841, and in August, the detachments from the -disputed territory, having been relieved by the Sixty-eighth -light infantry, arrived at head-quarters<a id="FNanchor_8" href="#Footnote_8" class="fnanchor">[8]</a>.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1842</div> - -<p>The period having arrived for the return of the regiment -to the United Kingdom, its strength was reduced -to three hundred and thirty-three men, by volunteers -to remain in the country and to join other corps. In the -beginning of July 1842 it proceeded to Quebec, where -it embarked in Her Majesty’s troop-ship Resistance, and -after an extraordinarily quick passage of seventeen days, -arrived at Cork on the 22nd of July. It was joined by -the depôt companies on the 3rd of August. In the<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_53"></a>[53]</span> -autumn the regiment proceeded to Birr, with detachments -to Kilkenny, Banagher, Carlow, and Shannon-bridge.</p> - -<p>On the 17th of November, Lieut.-General Sir -Hudson Lowe was removed to the Fiftieth Regiment, -and the colonelcy of the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> was conferred on -Lieut.-General the Earl of Westmorland.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1843</div> - -<p>In March, 1843, the several detachments were ordered -to head quarters at Birr; but the regiment had -been collected little more than a week, when it was -again found necessary to detach four companies to -Cashel, Tipperary, Bansha, and Dungarvon. In April, -the head-quarters marched to Fermoy, and from thence -to Cork, where the regiment was concentrated, in -expectation of being removed to England. The public -service, however, required that it should remain in -Ireland, and it has since furnished detachments to Ballincollig, -Bandon, Buttevant, Mallow, Dummanway, -Skibbereen, Millstreet, &c., in order to be in readiness -to aid the civil power, if its services should be required, -in consequence of meetings of large masses of the -people, to agitate the repeal of the union between -Great Britain and Ireland.</p> - -<p>At the close of 1843, to which this Record is -brought, the head-quarters were at Cork, with four -companies, under the command of Major Norman, -detached to Clonmel, and one company at Millstreet.</p> - -<div class="sidenote">1844</div> - -<p>The <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> Regiment is distinguished for -its career of valuable service to the crown and kingdom; -and it was conspicuous for its pre-eminent efficiency -in point of numbers and discipline during the war from -1803 to 1815, during which period it was augmented to -three battalions, which were all employed on foreign -service. It was a favourite corps in England, particularly -in the county of Surrey; and although many -men were lost by casualties abroad, yet its effectives<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_54"></a>[54]</span> -generally amounted to two thousand rank and file. Its -gallantry in the field, and its conduct on colonial service, -and in the United Kingdom, have enhanced the value -of this corps in the estimation of the government and -country.</p> - - -<hr class="r20" /> - -<p class="p1 pfs100">1844.</p> - -<div class="blockquot"> - -<p><span class="smcap">Note.</span> <em>In producing the foregoing details of the services of -the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> Regiment, the compiler of the Records of -Regiments deems it incumbent to acknowledge the very able -assistance he has received from Lieut.-Colonel Eden, and from -Captain T. Johnes Smith, who have been most anxious to collect -and arrange whatever circumstances they have considered would -do justice, and reflect honor on the Regiment to which they -belong</em>.</p> -</div> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_55"></a>[55]</span><br /></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="SUCCESSION_OF_COLONELS">SUCCESSION OF COLONELS</h2> -</div> - -<p class="pfs60">OF</p> - -<p class="pfs150">THE FIFTY-SIXTH REGIMENT</p> - -<p class="p2 pfs60">OF</p> - -<p class="pfs180 lsp2">FOOT.</p> - -<hr class="r20" /> - - -<p class="p2 center"><span class="smcap">Lord Charles Manners.</span></p> - -<p class="center"><em>Appointed 26th December, 1755.</em></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Lord Charles Manners</span>, ninth son of John, second Duke -of Rutland, was many years an officer in the Third Regiment -of Foot Guards, in which corps he was promoted to the rank -of captain and lieutenant-colonel, on the 27th of May, 1745. -On the breaking out of the seven years’ war, he was commissioned -to raise, form, and discipline a regiment of foot, now -the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span>, of which he was appointed colonel in -December, 1755. In 1759 he was promoted to the rank of -major-general. He died on the 5th of December, 1761.</p> - - -<p class="p2 center"><span class="smcap">The Honorable William Keppel.</span></p> - -<p class="center"><em>Appointed 17th December, 1761.</em></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">The Honorable William Keppel</span>, fourth son of William-Anne, -second Earl of Albemarle, was gentleman of the horse -to His Majesty King George II.; and was nominated captain -and lieutenant-colonel in the First Regiment of Foot Guards, -on the 28th of April, 1751; in July, 1760, he was promoted -to second major, with the rank of colonel. On the 17th of -December, 1761, His Majesty appointed him to the colonelcy -of the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> Regiment, with which corps he embarked -with the expedition against the Havannah, in the island of -Cuba, with the local rank of major-general. He commanded -the troops which besieged the fort of Moro, which was captured<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_56"></a>[56]</span> -by storm on the 30th of July, 1762; and his own -regiment having evinced signal gallantry on this service, he -afterwards obtained the King’s permission for it to bear the -word “Moro” on its colours. On the day after the capitulation -of the Havannah, he took possession of the fort La -Punta; and he was subsequently left in command of the garrison -of that city, which he restored to the Spaniards in July, -1763, according to the articles of peace concluded a few -months before. In 1765 he was removed to the Fourteenth -Foot; in 1772 he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-general; -and in December, 1773, he was nominated commander-in-chief -in Ireland; in October, 1775, he was appointed -colonel of the Twelfth Dragoons. He was representative -in parliament for the borough of Windsor. His decease -occurred in March, 1782.</p> - - -<p class="p2 center"><span class="smcap">James Durand.</span></p> - -<p class="center"><em>Appointed 13th June, 1765.</em></p> - -<p>This officer served many years in the First Regiment of -Foot Guards, in which corps he was appointed captain and -lieutenant-colonel, in 1748, and was advanced to the majority, -with the rank of colonel, in 1753. He obtained the rank -of major-general, in 1759, and the lieutenant-colonelcy of the -First Foot Guards in 1760. In the following year he was promoted -to the rank of lieutenant-general; and, in 1765, King -George III. conferred on him the colonelcy of the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> -Regiment. He died in 1766.</p> - - -<p class="p2 center"><span class="smcap">Hunt Walsh.</span></p> - -<p class="center"><em>Appointed 22nd May, 1766.</em></p> - -<p>After a progressive service in the subordinate commissions, -this officer was appointed major in the Twenty-eighth -Foot, in August, 1753, and promoted to the lieutenant-colonelcy -of the regiment on the 2nd of February, 1757. He -commanded the 28th in America during the Seven years’ war, -when that corps had the honor to serve at the capture of -Louisburg, in 1758; at the reduction of Quebec, in 1759, -under Major-General Wolfe; and at the conquest of Canada, -in 1760. He was promoted to the rank of colonel in 1762,<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_57"></a>[57]</span> -<ins class="corr" id="tn-57" title="Transcriber’s Note—Original text: 'a d in 1766'"> -and in 1766</ins> his services were rewarded with the colonelcy of -the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> Regiment. He attained the rank of major-general -in 1772; that of lieutenant-general in 1777; and of -general in 1793. He died in 1795.</p> - - -<p class="p2 center"><span class="smcap">Samuel Hulse.</span></p> - -<p class="center"><em>Appointed 7th March, 1795.</em></p> - -<p>This officer was appointed ensign in the First Foot Guards -in 1761, and rose to the commission of captain and lieutenant-colonel -in 1776. In 1780 he was promoted to the lieutenant-colonelcy -of his regiment, and was employed in suppressing -the riots in London in that year. At the commencement of -the French revolutionary war he was called into active service, -and commanded the first battalion of his regiment in -Flanders, in 1793. He served at the siege of Valenciennes; -and distinguished himself on the 18th of August, in the action -at Lincelles, for which he was thanked in orders by the Duke -of York. He shared in the operations before Dunkirk, and -in the subsequent movements until October, when he was -promoted to the rank of major-general, and returned to England. -In May of the following year he again proceeded to -Flanders, and commanded a brigade in several partial actions -near Tournay, and in the retreat to Holland. Returning to -England early in 1795, he was appointed colonel of the -<span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> Regiment, and placed on the home staff, where -he continued three years; in 1797 he was removed to the -Nineteenth Foot. On the 1st of January, 1798, he was promoted -to the rank of lieutenant-general; and during the -troubles in Ireland, in the summer of that year, his services -were extended to that part of the kingdom; but he returned -to England in November, and resumed his command on the -staff. He served in Holland under His Royal Highness the -Duke of York, in 1799, and was at the several engagements -from the 19th of September to the 6th of October. On -returning to England he was appointed to the command of -the southern district, in which he continued until the peace in -1802. He was advanced to the rank of general in 1803; -appointed lieutenant-governor of the Royal Hospital, Chelsea, -in 1806, and removed to the Sixty-second Foot in 1810.</p> - -<p>He was one of the earliest servants placed by King<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_58"></a>[58]</span> -George III. on the establishment of the Prince of Wales; was -many years His Royal Highness’s treasurer and receiver-general; -and on the accession of the Prince to the throne, -General Hulse was nominated treasurer of the household, and -governor of Chelsea Hospital. In 1821 he was knighted. -He was also appointed ranger of Windsor Home Park; a -privy councillor; and knight grand cross of the royal Hanoverian -Guelphic Order. On the accession of King William IV., -General Hulse was promoted to the rank of field-marshal by -commission, dated the 22nd of July, 1830. He died at his -apartments in Chelsea Hospital, in 1837, at the advanced age -of ninety years.</p> - - -<p class="p2 center"><span class="smcap">The Honorable Chapple Norton.</span></p> - -<p class="center"><em>Appointed 24th January, 1797.</em></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Chapple Norton</span>, third son of Sir Fletcher Norton, who -was many years Speaker of the House of Commons, and afterwards -created Lord Grantley, entered the army in the reign -of King George II., and was appointed captain in the Nineteenth -Foot in June, 1763. He served with his regiment at -Gibraltar; and, in 1769, purchased a majority in the First, -the Royal Regiment of Foot, from which he was promoted to -captain and lieutenant-colonel in the Second Foot Guards in -1774. He served with the brigade of Foot Guards in North -America, and took part in most of the principal occurrences. -He particularly distinguished himself in February, 1780, and -was thanked in orders in the following terms:—“His Excellency -Lieutenant-General Knyphausen desires his thanks -may be given in public orders to Lieutenant-Colonel Norton -of the Guards, for his good conduct and gallant behaviour -in attacking and forcing a considerable body of rebels, -advantageously posted at Young’s house, in the neighbourhood -of White Plains.” In November following he was -promoted to the rank of colonel; and, in 1786, he obtained a -majority in his regiment; in 1787 he was advanced to the -rank of major-general; in 1797 to that of lieutenant-general, -and at the same time he received the colonelcy of the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> -Regiment; in 1802 he was promoted to the rank of -general, and he was afterwards appointed governor of Charlemont. -He took great interest in everything connected with<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_59"></a>[59]</span> -his regiment: having considerable influence in the county of -Surrey, where the estates of his family were situated, his -corps received many recruits from that part of the country; -he represented Guildford in Parliament many years. He was -a generous and good man, and was honored with the favor of -the Duke of York. He died on the 19th of March, 1818, at -Wonersh in Surrey, the seat of Lord Grantley.</p> - - -<p class="p2 center"><span class="smcap">Sir John Murray, Baronet.</span></p> - -<p class="center"><em>Appointed 31st March, 1818.</em></p> - -<p><span class="smcap">Sir John Murray</span>, a baronet of Nova Scotia, entered the -army as ensign in the Third Foot Guards in 1788, and rose -to the rank of lieutenant and captain in 1793. He served in -Flanders as aide-de-camp to Field-Marshal Freytag, and -afterwards to His Royal Highness the Duke of York; and -was at the actions of St. Amand and Famars, and the siege of -Valenciennes; also at the siege of Dunkirk, and the engagements -at Maubege and near Cambresis. In the spring of -1794 he was promoted to the rank of major, and a few weeks -afterwards to the lieutenant-colonelcy of the Eighty-fourth -Regiment. He was present at the various actions near Tournay, -in the same year, and in the retreat to Holland. He -afterwards served under General Sir Alured Clarke, and was -at the capture of the Cape of Good Hope in September, 1795. -In 1799 he commanded a body of troops on the Red Sea; -and, in 1800, he was promoted to the rank of colonel. He -performed the duties of quarter-master-general to the troops -which proceeded from India to Egypt under Major-General -Sir David Baird; and afterwards, returning to India, commanded -the Bombay division of the army which joined -Major-General the Honorable Arthur Wellesley, at Poonah, -during the Mahratta war, in 1803. He also commanded a -body of troops during the subsequent hostilities with Scindeah -and Holkar. Having been promoted to the rank of major-general -in 1805, and returned to Europe, he served on the -staff of the eastern district, from December of that year to -April, 1808; and he subsequently commanded the King’s -German Legion in the expedition to the Baltic, &c., under -Sir John Moore, whom he accompanied to Portugal. Remaining -in that country, he served under Lieutenant-General<span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_60"></a>[60]</span> -Sir Arthur Wellesley, in the operations against the French -under Marshal Soult, and took a conspicuous part in the -expulsion of the French from Oporto. On the 27th of May, -1809, he was appointed colonel of the Third West India Regiment; -and on the 1st of January, 1812, he was promoted to -the rank of lieutenant-general. Early in 1813 he took the -command of the Anglo-Sicilian army in the south of Spain, -and was engaged in operations to create a diversion in favour -of the grand allied army under Lord Wellington, and to prevent -Marshal Suchet detaching troops to Castille. His proceedings -on this occasion did not realize the expectations -which had been entertained, and a general court-martial, -assembled after his return to England, found him guilty of -error of judgment. In 1818 he was appointed colonel of the -<span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> Regiment; and, in 1825, promoted to the rank -of general. His honorary distinctions were those of knight -grand cross of the Royal Hanoverian Guelphic order, and the -first class of the order of St. Januarius of Naples. He died -in 1827.</p> - - -<p class="p2 center"><span class="smcap">Matthew, Lord Aylmer, K.C.B.</span></p> - -<p class="center"><em>Appointed 29th October, 1827.</em></p> - -<p>Removed to the Eighteenth or the Royal Irish Regiment, -in 1832.</p> - - -<p class="p2 center"><span class="smcap">Sir Hudson Lowe, K.C.B.</span></p> - -<p class="center"><em>Appointed 23rd July, 1832.</em></p> - -<p>Removed to the Fiftieth Regiment in 1842.</p> - - -<p class="p2 center"><span class="smcap">The Earl of Westmorland, K.C.B. & G.C.H</span></p> - -<p class="center"><em>Appointed 17th November, 1842.</em></p> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_61"></a>[61]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="SUCCESSION_OF_LIEUTENANT-COLONELS">SUCCESSION OF LIEUTENANT-COLONELS</h2> -</div> - -<p class="pfs60">OF THE</p> - -<p class="pfs100">FIFTY-SIXTH, OR WEST ESSEX, REGIMENT OF FOOT.</p> - -<table class="p1 autotable fs80" summary=""> -<tr> -<td class="bt bl"></td> -<td class="bt bl"></td> -<td class="bt"></td> -<td class="bt bl br"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl pad3">Names.</td> -<td class="tdcbl" colspan="2">Dates of<br />Appointment.</td> -<td class="tdlbl br pad3">Date of Removal, &c.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="bt bl"></td> -<td class="bt bl"></td> -<td class="bt"></td> -<td class="bt bl br"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">Peter Parr</td> -<td class="tdlbl">Dec.</td> -<td class="tdrm"> 26, 1755</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Removed to Fourth Foot, June 30, 1760.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">John Doyne</td> -<td class="tdlbl">June</td> -<td class="tdrm">30, 1760</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Retired February 20, 1762.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">James Stewart.</td> -<td class="tdlbl">Feb.</td> -<td class="tdrm">20, 1762</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Died September 1, 1762.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">Alexander Monypenny</td> -<td class="tdlbl">Sep.</td> -<td class="tdrm">1, 1762</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Retired October 3, 1776.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">John Caulfield</td> -<td class="tdlbl">Oct.</td> -<td class="tdrm">3, 1776</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Retired November 6, 1778.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">Henry Johnson</td> -<td class="tdlbl">Nov.</td> -<td class="tdrm">6, 1778</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Removed to Seventeenth Foot in 1778.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">Peter Craig</td> -<td class="tdlbl">Jan.</td> -<td class="tdrm">9, 1779</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Removed to Sixty-second Foot, November 25, 1799.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">William Earle Bulwer</td> -<td class="tdlbl">Sep.</td> -<td class="tdrm">1, 1795</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Placed on half-pay, November 18, 1795.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">John Whitwell</td> -<td class="tdlbl">Nov.</td> -<td class="tdrm">18, 1795</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Died in 1796.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">Thomas Picton</td> -<td class="tdlbl">May</td> -<td class="tdrm">1, 1796</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Promoted to the colonelcy of Seventy-seventh Foot, October 15, 1811.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">P. K. Skinner</td> -<td class="tdlbl">Dec.</td> -<td class="tdrm">11, 1799</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Removed July 25, 1814.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">Samuel Keating</td> -<td class="tdlbl">Aug.</td> -<td class="tdrm">1, 1804</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Promoted to Bourbon regiment, March 5, 1812.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">Fletcher Barclay</td> -<td class="tdlbl">June</td> -<td class="tdrm">27, 1811</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Retired April 26, 1831.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">Boyle Travers</td> -<td class="tdlbl">Jan.</td> -<td class="tdrm">2, 1812</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Removed July 25, 1814.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">Nigel Kingscote</td> -<td class="tdlbl">Oct</td> -<td class="tdrm">17, 1811</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Placed on half-pay, December 25, 1818.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">J. Frederick Brown</td> -<td class="tdlbl">March</td> -<td class="tdrm">5, 1812</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Exchanged to Twenty-eighth Foot, May 9, 1816, with Sir Charles Belson.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">Henry Sullivan</td> -<td class="tdlbl">July</td> -<td class="tdrm">1, 1813</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Placed on half-pay, on the reduction of second battalion, on September 6, 1817.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">John William Mallet</td> -<td class="tdlbl">Nov.</td> -<td class="tdrm">6, 1813</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Placed on half-pay, December 25, 1814, on the reduction.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">Sir Charles P. Belson, K.C.B.</td> -<td class="tdlbl">May</td> -<td class="tdrm">9, 1816</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Placed on half-pay, on September 6, 1817, on the reduction of second battalion.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">H. H. Prichard</td> -<td class="tdlbl">April</td> -<td class="tdrm">26, 1831</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Retired May 20, 1836.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">G. M. Eden</td> -<td class="tdlbl">May</td> -<td class="tdrm">20, 1836</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Removed to Scots Fusilier Guards, on July 5, 1839.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">Robert O’Hara</td> -<td class="tdlbl">July</td> -<td class="tdrm">5, 1839</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Exchanged to the Eighty-eighth on August 16, 1839, with Lieut.-Colonel W. H. Eden.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">William Hassel Eden</td> -<td class="tdlbl">Aug.</td> -<td class="tdrm">16, 1839</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">At present in command.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="bb bl"></td> -<td class="bb bl"></td> -<td class="bb"></td> -<td class="bb bl br"></td> -</tr> -</table> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> - -<div class="chapter"> -<p><span class="pagenum"><a id="Page_62"></a>[62]</span></p> - -<h2 class="nobreak" id="SUCCESSION_OF_MAJORS">SUCCESSION OF MAJORS</h2> -</div> - -<p class="pfs60">OF THE</p> - -<p class="pfs100">FIFTY-SIXTH, OR WEST ESSEX, REGIMENT OF FOOT.</p> - -<table class="p1 autotable fs80" summary=""> -<tr> -<td class="bt bl"></td> -<td class="bt bl"></td> -<td class="bt"></td> -<td class="bt bl br"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl pad3"><span class="smcap">Names.</span></td> -<td class="tdcbl" colspan="2">Dates of Appointment.</td> -<td class="tdlbl pad3 br"><span class="smcap">Remarks.</span></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="bt bl"></td> -<td class="bt bl"></td> -<td class="bt"></td> -<td class="bt bl br"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">John Doyne</td> -<td class="tdlbl">Dec.</td> -<td class="tdrm"> 26, 1755</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Promoted to Lieut.-Colonel, June 30, 1760.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">James Stewart</td> -<td class="tdlbl">June</td> -<td class="tdrm">30, 1760</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Promoted to Lieut.-Col., February 20, 1762.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">John Heighington</td> -<td class="tdlbl">Feb.</td> -<td class="tdrm">20, 1762</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Resigned September 9, 1762.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">Alexander Milbanke</td> -<td class="tdlbl">Sep.</td> -<td class="tdrm">9, 1762</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Died November 4, 1762.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">William Forbes</td> -<td class="tdlbl">Nov.</td> -<td class="tdrm">4, 1762</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Removed to Thirty-fifth Foot, October 31, 1762.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">Thomas Johnston</td> -<td class="tdlbl">Oct.</td> -<td class="tdrm">31, 1762</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Resigned September 11, 1765.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">Henry Pringle</td> -<td class="tdlbl">Sep.</td> -<td class="tdrm">11, 1765</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Promoted to Lieut.-Colonel Fifty-first Foot, August 16, 1770.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">John Caulfield</td> -<td class="tdlbl">Aug.</td> -<td class="tdrm">16, 1770</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Promoted to Lieut.-Col., October 3, 1776.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">Bulleine Fancourt</td> -<td class="tdlbl">Oct</td> -<td class="tdrm">3, 1776</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Retired August 6, 1783.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">Hon. Vere Poulett</td> -<td class="tdlbl">Aug.</td> -<td class="tdrm">6, 1783</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Promoted to Lieut.-Colonel Sixtieth Regiment, August 31, 1793.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">Patrick Tytler</td> -<td class="tdlbl">Aug.</td> -<td class="tdrm">31, 1793</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Retired October 8, 1794.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">John Alexander</td> -<td class="tdlbl">Oct.</td> -<td class="tdrm">8, 1794</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Retired March 10, 1797.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">James Barrington</td> -<td class="tdlbl">Sep.</td> -<td class="tdrm">1, 1795</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Resigned September 3, 1800.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">Robert Douglas</td> -<td class="tdlbl">March</td> -<td class="tdrm">10, 1797</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Promoted Lieut.-Colonel Eighteenth Foot, July 9, 1803.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">Henry S. Keating</td> -<td class="tdlbl">Sep.</td> -<td class="tdrm">3, 1800</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Promoted August 1, 1804, by Augmentation.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">Robert Owen</td> -<td class="tdlbl">Aug.</td> -<td class="tdrm">27, 1803</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Placed upon half-pay, February 21, 1805.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">George Andrew Armstrong</td> -<td class="tdlbl">Aug.</td> -<td class="tdrm">1, 1804</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Exchanged to half-pay, January 5, 1805.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlblx nowrap">Robert O’Neill {Augmen-</td> -<td class="tdlblx">Aug.</td> -<td class="tdrmx">2, 1804</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Exchanged to half-pay, June 23, 1808, with Lieut.-Colonel Thomas Walsh.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">Fletcher Barclay {tation.</td> -<td class="tdlbl">Aug.</td> -<td class="tdrm">27, 1804</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Promoted June 27, 1811.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">William Brooke</td> -<td class="tdlbl">Jan.</td> -<td class="tdrm">5, 1805</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Exchanged to Fifth Dragoon Guards, July 25, 1805.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">John McLeod</td> -<td class="tdlbl">Feb.</td> -<td class="tdrm">21, 1805</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Promoted Lieut.-Colonel Ninth Garrison Battalion, May 5, 1808.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">Henry R. Knight</td> -<td class="tdlbl">July</td> -<td class="tdrm">25, 1805</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Exchanged to half-pay, July 17, 1806.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">Boyle Travers</td> -<td class="tdlbl">July</td> -<td class="tdrm">17, 1806</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Promoted January 2, 1812.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">Samuel Bayley</td> -<td class="tdlbl">June</td> -<td class="tdrm">9, 1808</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Died in 1810.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">Thomas Walsh</td> -<td class="tdlbl">June</td> -<td class="tdrm">23, 1808</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Died in 1810.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">John William Mallett</td> -<td class="tdlbl">Aug.</td> -<td class="tdrm">29, 1810</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Promoted November 6, 1813.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">Sir Charles Wyndham Burdett, Bart.</td> -<td class="tdlbl">Nov.</td> -<td class="tdrm">29, 1810</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Retired July 26, 1821.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">Robert Grant</td> -<td class="tdlbl">June</td> -<td class="tdrm">27, 1811</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Exchanged to Eighty-second Foot, April 12, 1821.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">Joseph Hanna</td> -<td class="tdlbl">Jan.</td> -<td class="tdrm">2, 1812</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Died in 1816.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">William S. Forbes }</td> -<td class="tdlbl">Nov.</td> -<td class="tdrm">6, 1813</td> -<td class="tdlbl br" rowspan="2">Placed on half-pay on September 6, 1817, on the disbandment of second battalion.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">Henry Capadose }</td> -<td class="tdlbl">Oct.</td> -<td class="tdrm">17, 1816</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">George Wroughton Montagu</td> -<td class="tdlbl">April</td> -<td class="tdrm">12, 1821</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Promoted to Lieut.-Colonel unattached, May 19, 1825.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">John Gualey</td> -<td class="tdlbl">July</td> -<td class="tdrm">26, 1821</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Cancelled.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">Howell Harris Prichard</td> -<td class="tdlbl">July</td> -<td class="tdrm">26, 1821</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Promoted to Lieut.-Colonel, April 26, 1831.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">John Elliot Cairnes</td> -<td class="tdlbl">May</td> -<td class="tdrm">26, 1825</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Promoted to Lieut.-Colonel unattached, March 29, 1827.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">John Peddie</td> -<td class="tdlbl">March</td> -<td class="tdrm">29, 1827</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Promoted to Lieut.-Colonel unattached, August 28, 1827.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">William Gun</td> -<td class="tdlbl">Aug.</td> -<td class="tdrm">28, 1827</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Retired October 11, 1831.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">William Mitchell</td> -<td class="tdlbl">April</td> -<td class="tdrm">26, 1831</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Exchanged to half-pay, June 13, 1834.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">George Morton Eden</td> -<td class="tdlbl">Oct.</td> -<td class="tdrm">11, 1831</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Promoted to Lt.-Colonelcy, May 20, 1836.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">John Wilson</td> -<td class="tdlbl">June</td> -<td class="tdrm">13, 1834</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Died at Jamaica, July 14, 1837.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">Forrester Owen Leighton</td> -<td class="tdlbl">May</td> -<td class="tdrm">20, 1836</td> -<td class="tdlbl br">Retired September 12, 1843.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">Peter Shadwell Norman</td> -<td class="tdlbl">July</td> -<td class="tdrm">15, 1837</td> -<td class="tdlbl br" rowspan="2"><span class="fs180">}</span> Now serving.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdlbl">Edmund Wm. Wilton Passy</td> -<td class="tdlbl">Sep.</td> -<td class="tdrm">12, 1843</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="bb bl"></td> -<td class="bb bl"></td> -<td class="bb"></td> -<td class="bb bl br"></td> -</tr> -</table> - - -<div class="chapter"></div> - - -<p class="p6 pfs60"> -<span class="smcap">London:<br /> -Harrison and Co., Printers,<br /> -St. Martin’s Lane.</span></p> - - -<div class="chapter"></div> - - - -<div class="footnotes"><h2>FOOTNOTES:</h2> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_1" href="#FNanchor_1" class="label">[1]</a> Afterwards General <span class="smcap">Sir David Dundas, K.B.</span>, author of a -valuable work on the principles of military movements, which became -the basis of regulations for the field exercises of the British -army.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_2" href="#FNanchor_2" class="label">[2]</a> Strength of the garrison of Gibraltar, at the commencement of -the blockade, 21st June, 1779.</p> - -<div class="bbox"> -<table class="autotable fs80" width="100%" summary=""> -<tr> -<td class="tdl"></td> -<td class="tdcbl">Officers</td> -<td class="tdcbl">Staff.</td> -<td class="tdcbl">Serjeants.</td> -<td class="tdcbl">Drummers.</td> -<td class="tdcbl">Rank & File.</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc"></td> -<td class="bb bl"></td> -<td class="bb bl"></td> -<td class="bb bl"></td> -<td class="bb bl"></td> -<td class="bb bl"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl pad4 smcap">British.</td> -<td class="bl"></td> -<td class="bl"></td> -<td class="bl"></td> -<td class="bl"></td> -<td class="bl"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Royal Artillery</td> -<td class="tdrq bl">25</td> -<td class="tdrq bl">0</td> -<td class="tdrq bl">17</td> -<td class="tdrq bl">15</td> -<td class="tdrq bl">428</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Royal Engineers</td> -<td class="tdrq bl">8</td> -<td class="tdrq bl">0</td> -<td class="tdrq bl">6</td> -<td class="tdrq bl">2</td> -<td class="tdrq bl">106</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">12th Regiment</td> -<td class="tdrq bl">26</td> -<td class="tdrq bl">3</td> -<td class="tdrq bl">29</td> -<td class="tdrq bl">22</td> -<td class="tdrq bl">519</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">39th ”</td> -<td class="tdrq bl">25</td> -<td class="tdrq bl">4</td> -<td class="tdrq bl">29</td> -<td class="tdrq bl">22</td> -<td class="tdrq bl">506</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">56th ”</td> -<td class="tdrq bl">23</td> -<td class="tdrq bl">4</td> -<td class="tdrq bl">30</td> -<td class="tdrq bl">22</td> -<td class="tdrq bl">506</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">58th ”</td> -<td class="tdrq bl">25</td> -<td class="tdrq bl">3</td> -<td class="tdrq bl">29</td> -<td class="tdrq bl">22</td> -<td class="tdrq bl">526</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">72nd, or, Royal Manchester Volunteers (disbanded 1783)</td> -<td class="tdrq bl">29</td> -<td class="tdrq bl">4</td> -<td class="tdrq bl">47</td> -<td class="tdrq bl">22</td> -<td class="tdrq bl">944</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl pad4 smcap">Hanoverians.</td> -<td class="bl"></td> -<td class="bl"></td> -<td class="bl"></td> -<td class="bl"></td> -<td class="bl"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Hardenberg’s Regiment</td> -<td class="tdrq bl">16</td> -<td class="tdrq bl">13</td> -<td class="tdrq bl">42</td> -<td class="tdrq bl">14</td> -<td class="tdrq bl">367</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">Reden’s <span class="pad4">”</span></td> -<td class="tdrq bl">15</td> -<td class="tdrq bl">12</td> -<td class="tdrq bl">42</td> -<td class="tdrq bl">14</td> -<td class="tdrq bl">361</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdl">De la Motte’s ”</td> -<td class="tdrq bl">17</td> -<td class="tdrq bl">16</td> -<td class="tdrq bl">42</td> -<td class="tdrq bl">14</td> -<td class="tdrq bl">367</td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdc"></td> -<td class="bb bl"></td> -<td class="bb bl"></td> -<td class="bb bl"></td> -<td class="bb bl"></td> -<td class="bb bl"></td> -</tr> -<tr> -<td class="tdr">Total </td> -<td class="tdrq bl">209</td> -<td class="tdrq bl">59</td> -<td class="tdrq bl">313</td> -<td class="tdrq bl">169</td> -<td class="tdrq bl">4,632</td> -</tr> -</table> -</div> - -<div class="fs80 pad2"> -<p><em>Governor</em>, General <span class="smcap">George A. Eliott</span>, afterwards <span class="smcap">Lord -Heathfield</span>.</p> - -<p><em>Lieut.-Governor</em>, Lieut.-General R. Boyd.</p> - -<p><em>Commanding the Hanoverian Brigade</em>, Major-General De la Motte.</p> -<br /> -</div> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_3" href="#FNanchor_3" class="label">[3]</a> The Duke of York’s despatch.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_4" href="#FNanchor_4" class="label">[4]</a> These orders are printed in the Record of the Second or -<a href="https://gutenberg.org/ebooks/55295">Queen’s Royal Regiment of Foot</a>, page 81.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_5" href="#FNanchor_5" class="label">[5]</a> Lieut.-Colonel Keating’s despatch.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_6" href="#FNanchor_6" class="label">[6]</a> Serjeant <span class="smcap">Hasty</span> was afterwards discharged and appointed -to a situation in the service of the governor. He proved a man of -talent, and was selected to take charge of, and educate in the -English language, two of the princes of Ova, in Madagascar, where -Radam was king. He was afterwards nominated British Resident at -Madagascar; and on a visit to the Mauritius, he was received by a -guard of honour of his old corps, commanded by his former captain. -He died at Madagascar.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_7" href="#FNanchor_7" class="label">[7]</a> Colonel Fletcher Barclay was appointed Ensign in the <span class="smcap">Fifty-sixth</span> -on the 30th of June, 1791, and served in the West Indies, in -Holland, and in the East Indies. In 1804, he was promoted to the -rank of Major, and in 1811, to Lieutenant-Colonel. In 1831, he retired, -after a diligent and faithful service of forty years, having -passed through the several grades, and attained the rank of Colonel -in the Army.</p> - -</div> - -<div class="footnote"> - -<p><a id="Footnote_8" href="#FNanchor_8" class="label">[8]</a> While detachments of the regiment were in the disputed -territory, several desertions occurred, and in the beginning of -March, 1841, Lieutenant T. Johnes Smith evinced signal energy -and discretion in the apprehension of a deserter from the party -under his orders, who had taken refuge in the American Block -Houses at Fish River, for which he received the thanks of Major-General -Sir James Macdonell, commanding at Quebec.</p> - -</div> -</div> - - -<hr class="chap x-ebookmaker-drop" /> -<div class="chapter"></div> - -<div class="transnote"> -<a name="TN" id="TN"></a> -<p><strong>TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE</strong></p> - -<p>The roman page numbering at the front of the book goes from iii to viii, -then from v to viii again; this has not been changed.</p> - -<p>Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been -corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within -the text and consultation of external sources.</p> - -<p>Except for those changes noted below, all misspellings in the text, -and inconsistent or archaic usage, have been retained.</p> - -<p> -<a href="#tn-v">Pg v</a>: ‘1700 Returns to’ replaced by ‘1760 Returns to’.<br /> -<a href="#tn-v-a">Pg v</a>: ‘Guadaloupe’ replaced by ‘Guadeloupe’.<br /> -<a href="#tn-24">Pg 24</a>: ‘Guadaloupe’ replaced by ‘Guadeloupe’.<br /> -<a href="#tn-35">Pg 35</a>: ‘tend to recal’ replaced by ‘tend to recall’.<br /> -<a href="#tn-57">Pg 57</a>: ‘a d in 1766’ replaced by ‘and in 1766’.<br /> -</p> -</div> - - -<div style='display:block; margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORICAL RECORD OF THE FIFTY-SIXTH, OR THE WEST ESSEX REGIMENT OF FOOT : CONTAINING AN ACCOUNT OF THE FORMATION OF THE REGIMENT IN 1755, AND OF ITS SUBSEQUENT SERVICES TO 1844. ***</div> -<div style='text-align:left'> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will -be renamed. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright -law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, -so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United -States without permission and without paying copyright -royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part -of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project -Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™ -concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, -and may not be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following -the terms of the trademark license, including paying royalties for use -of the Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for -copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is very -easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as creation -of derivative works, reports, performances and research. Project -Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and printed and given away--you may -do practically ANYTHING in the United States with eBooks not protected -by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject to the trademark -license, especially commercial redistribution. -</div> - -<div style='margin:0.83em 0; font-size:1.1em; text-align:center'>START: FULL LICENSE<br /> -<span style='font-size:smaller'>THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE<br /> -PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK</span> -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the free -distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work -(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase “Project -Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full -Project Gutenberg™ License available with this file or online at -www.gutenberg.org/license. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; font-size:1.1em; margin:1em 0; font-weight:bold'> -Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg™ -electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to -and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property -(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all -the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or -destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in your -possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a -Project Gutenberg™ electronic work and you do not agree to be bound -by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person -or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only be -used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who -agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few -things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg™ electronic works -even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See -paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project -Gutenberg™ electronic works if you follow the terms of this -agreement and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg™ -electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the -Foundation” or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection -of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. Nearly all the individual -works in the collection are in the public domain in the United -States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the -United States and you are located in the United States, we do not -claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing, performing, -displaying or creating derivative works based on the work as long as -all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope -that you will support the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting -free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg™ -works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for keeping the -Project Gutenberg™ name associated with the work. You can easily -comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the -same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg™ License when -you share it without charge with others. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern -what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are -in a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, -check the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this -agreement before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, -distributing or creating derivative works based on this work or any -other Project Gutenberg™ work. The Foundation makes no -representations concerning the copyright status of any work in any -country other than the United States. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other -immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg™ License must appear -prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg™ work (any work -on which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” appears, or with which the -phrase “Project Gutenberg” is associated) is accessed, displayed, -performed, viewed, copied or distributed: -</div> - -<blockquote> - <div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> - This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most - other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions - whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms - of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online - at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you - are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws - of the country where you are located before using this eBook. - </div> -</blockquote> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is -derived from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not -contain a notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the -copyright holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in -the United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are -redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase “Project -Gutenberg” associated with or appearing on the work, you must comply -either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or -obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg™ -trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is posted -with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution -must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any -additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms -will be linked to the Project Gutenberg™ License for all works -posted with the permission of the copyright holder found at the -beginning of this work. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg™ -License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this -work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg™. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this -electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without -prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with -active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project -Gutenberg™ License. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, -compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including -any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access -to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg™ work in a format -other than “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other format used in the official -version posted on the official Project Gutenberg™ website -(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense -to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means -of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original “Plain -Vanilla ASCII” or other form. Any alternate format must include the -full Project Gutenberg™ License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, -performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg™ works -unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing -access to or distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works -provided that: -</div> - -<div style='margin-left:0.7em;'> - <div style='text-indent:-0.7em'> - • You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from - the use of Project Gutenberg™ works calculated using the method - you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed - to the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, but he has - agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be paid - within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or are - legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty - payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project - Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in - Section 4, “Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg - Literary Archive Foundation.” - </div> - - <div style='text-indent:-0.7em'> - • You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies - you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he - does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg™ - License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all - copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and discontinue - all use of and all access to other copies of Project Gutenberg™ - works. - </div> - - <div style='text-indent:-0.7em'> - • You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of - any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the - electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of - receipt of the work. - </div> - - <div style='text-indent:-0.7em'> - • You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free - distribution of Project Gutenberg™ works. - </div> -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project -Gutenberg™ electronic work or group of works on different terms than -are set forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing -from the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the manager of -the Project Gutenberg™ trademark. Contact the Foundation as set -forth in Section 3 below. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.F. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable -effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread -works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project -Gutenberg™ collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg™ -electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may -contain “Defects,” such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate -or corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other -intellectual property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or -other medium, a computer virus, or computer codes that damage or -cannot be read by your equipment. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the “Right -of Replacement or Refund” described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project -Gutenberg™ trademark, and any other party distributing a Project -Gutenberg™ electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all -liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal -fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT -LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE -PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE -TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE -LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR -INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH -DAMAGE. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a -defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can -receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a -written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you -received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium -with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you -with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in -lieu of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person -or entity providing it to you may choose to give you a second -opportunity to receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If -the second copy is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing -without further opportunities to fix the problem. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth -in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’, WITH NO -OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT -LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied -warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of -damages. If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement -violates the law of the state applicable to this agreement, the -agreement shall be interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or -limitation permitted by the applicable state law. The invalidity or -unenforceability of any provision of this agreement shall not void the -remaining provisions. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the -trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone -providing copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in -accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the -production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg™ -electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, -including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of -the following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this -or any Project Gutenberg™ work, (b) alteration, modification, or -additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg™ work, and (c) any -Defect you cause. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; font-size:1.1em; margin:1em 0; font-weight:bold'> -Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg™ -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Project Gutenberg™ is synonymous with the free distribution of -electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of -computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It -exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations -from people in all walks of life. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the -assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg™’s -goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg™ collection will -remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project -Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure -and permanent future for Project Gutenberg™ and future -generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help, see -Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at www.gutenberg.org. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; font-size:1.1em; margin:1em 0; font-weight:bold'> -Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-profit -501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the -state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal -Revenue Service. The Foundation’s EIN or federal tax identification -number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by -U.S. federal laws and your state’s laws. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -The Foundation’s business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, -Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up -to date contact information can be found at the Foundation’s website -and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact -</div> - -<div style='display:block; font-size:1.1em; margin:1em 0; font-weight:bold'> -Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Project Gutenberg™ depends upon and cannot survive without widespread -public support and donations to carry out its mission of -increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be -freely distributed in machine-readable form accessible by the widest -array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations -($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt -status with the IRS. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating -charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United -States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a -considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up -with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations -where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND -DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any particular state -visit <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/donate/">www.gutenberg.org/donate</a>. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we -have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition -against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who -approach us with offers to donate. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make -any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from -outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current donation -methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other -ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To -donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate -</div> - -<div style='display:block; font-size:1.1em; margin:1em 0; font-weight:bold'> -Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg™ electronic works -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project -Gutenberg™ concept of a library of electronic works that could be -freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and -distributed Project Gutenberg™ eBooks with only a loose network of -volunteer support. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Project Gutenberg™ eBooks are often created from several printed -editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in -the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not -necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper -edition. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -Most people start at our website which has the main PG search -facility: <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. -</div> - -<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> -This website includes information about Project Gutenberg™, -including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary -Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to -subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. -</div> - -</div> - -</body> -</html> diff --git a/old/66621-h/images/cover.jpg b/old/66621-h/images/cover.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 8cbd956..0000000 --- a/old/66621-h/images/cover.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/66621-h/images/i_009.jpg b/old/66621-h/images/i_009.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index 2f7c98e..0000000 --- a/old/66621-h/images/i_009.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/66621-h/images/i_052.jpg b/old/66621-h/images/i_052.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index ead4f55..0000000 --- a/old/66621-h/images/i_052.jpg +++ /dev/null diff --git a/old/66621-h/images/i_frontispiece.jpg b/old/66621-h/images/i_frontispiece.jpg Binary files differdeleted file mode 100644 index d42b4c6..0000000 --- a/old/66621-h/images/i_frontispiece.jpg +++ /dev/null |
